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MIDI Page
The MIDI Page: Sequencer Tracks
by Todd Albertson
Welcome back to the MIDI page. There seems to be much confusion regarding sequencer "tracks." Undoubtedly, this is because people used to tape machines are attempting to apply their knowledge to sequencers. This should be seen as a Good Thing normally, but in this case, the rules change a bit when you start dealing with MIDI.
Let's start by clearing up a few concepts. When you are dealing with tape, there are tracks, and that's all. When you deal with MIDI, there are tracks AND channels. If that concept is held near and dear to your heart, you will make it through unscathed. Forget that concept, and chances are good you will lose data (and quite possibly, your mind) somewhere along the way!
Sometimes I find it helpful to think of the "tracks" in the sequencer as scratch pads, and the MIDI channels as the real "tracks." Let's try some examples to get things going.
If we were to record our kick drum on MIDI 16, track 1; snare on MIDI 16, track 2; cymbals and high hats on MIDI 16, track 3; and all other drums on MIDI 16, track 4, we would be able to edit each track separately, fooling around with velocity information and whatever else we wanted until everything was just right. How can we get away with this? We are recording multiple instruments on ONE channel! In this case, appearances are deceiving. You see, each of these instruments uses only ONE note number on the keyboard, so even though we are sounding many different samples, the computer "sees" the drums as one instrument. If we were to try this with multiple keyboards sounding instruments that use all the keys, say bass, violin, piano, and brass, we would find all the parts becoming jumbled up together on all the instruments. More on this in a moment (film at eleven)...
After completing our editing we might MERGE all of our drum tracks into one track, so that all our drums were on track 8 on the sequencer. This is fine and dandy because when merging MIDI information, nothing is lost as it is in tape track ping-ponging. Now consider: We may still edit all the information, but since it is all on one track, we must deal with all the extraneous digital information concerning the other drum instruments we are not working on at the moment. In this case, that's just the way it is.
Now let's try it again using a different technique: We will record the kick on MIDI 16, track 1; snare on MIDI 15, track 2; cymbals and high hats on MIDI 14, track 3; and all other drums on MIDI 13, track 4. Just as before, we will edit each track separately to achieve that super sound we are looking for, then merge all the tracks into track 8. Now then, if we would like to re-edit just one instrument, it is quite simple to do so. Since the computer is able to understand the differences between MIDI channels, we can ask the computer to separate out say, MIDI 14 onto a separate track, and then edit it from there! Alternatively, we could ask the computer to leave MIDI 14 events on track 8, but to show us only the events concerning the instrument we wish to work on! Very handy, eh?
Personally, I like to have about 8 16 tracks available when I work. More tracks than that, and I find myself forgetting where I put things. Less than that, and I find myself feeling a little cramped. Of course, when you get right down to it, you really only NEED two tracks. After all, you still have 16 channels - no matter what, right? You can merge and separate information as needed between those two tracks and never worry about loss of quality as you must when working with tape tracks. I've worked with this type of setup, and while it does tend to slow me down quite a bit, the final product is identical to what I would have created using a sequencer with many tracks available. Time in production is the price you pay for low purchase price on these units. Of course, if you are a raw beginner, or if you have very simple needs, these little two track sequences fill the bill nicely.
One thing always amuses me. Some manufacturers attempt to claim that their softwares can handle "up to 64 tracks," or "up to 128 tracks," or "infinite tracks!" What they don't mention is that it can still only play 16 instruments! Nasty little advertising ploy, wouldn't you agree? (The only exception to this rule is when the hardware has multiple MIDI out ports that can be handled separately by the software, and this is rare, so far.) Here's how it works: Let's say that you even HAVE 64 tracks filled up (sheese!). What MIDI channels can you use beyond MIDI 16? Answer: NONE! That's because there aren't any! So even if you have 64 different tracks, you may only sound 16 channels at once.
To further illustrate this, imagine all 16 channels recorded on track one. Then add to your mental picture all 16 channels recorded on tracks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. How many different instruments can you sound now? DON'T sit there and multiply 16 times your number of tracks! Your instruments will only recognize 16 channels. If you were to play this excessively strange work, you would find the keyboards you assigned to MIDI 1 responding to the MIDI 1 information recorded on every single track!
So the next time you are considering a sequencer purchase (either dedicated or software-based), and the salesman tries to pump you up about how many tracks it has, just smile and ask him how many instruments it can discreetly control. After he wakes up, you can talk price, hehe. ♦
Sampson Media
Imaging Producers
Get imaging that stands out. A genuine sound. To ...
The R.A.P. CD - July 2009
Production demo from interview subject, Sheldon Hovde, 100.3 The Q/The Zone, Victoria, BC; plus commercials, promos and imaging from Rich Conway, WCCC/WBOQ, Hartford, CT; Andy Stone, Common Heard Productions, Poole, UK; Robin J. Egerton, The Goat/CKLM-FM, Lloydminster, AB; Ron Tarrant, Tiessen ...
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Unagi Compositing Manager
Unagi is a modular compositing manager which aims to be efficient, lightweight and responsive. It is currently written in C programming language and based on XCB library client library. Any existing window manager can be used as long as it implements properly EWMH and ICCCM specifications (or at least parts of it which are needed), which is generally the case nowadays.
This project also aims to provide a functional and stable software to improve window manager usability from an end-user point of view (for instance windows translucency, application-switcher using live thumbnails instead of plain icons, Exposé...), therefore it does not intend at all to provide useless eye-candy effects.
Concepts¶
A compositing manager is a piece of software running along with the window manager and where each graphical program outputs into a separate and independent off-screen buffer that can be manipulated before being shown in order to enhance user experience. Unlike a compositing window manager such as Compiz, a compositing manager does not manage windows but simply implements visual effects such as windows translucency, drop shadows, fading... Therefore, it is generally used along a window manager.
Unagi relies on a modular architecture as the code is split up in three parts: core code, rendering backends (only one backend relying on Render X extension has been implemented so far) and effect plugins. Thus, it provides a small and fast compositing manager from a codebase and footprint point of view, besides allowing to easily write other rendering backend which would work better on certain hardware. It also tries to take advantage of the asynchronous XCB model to be able to be used through a network.
Further documentation¶
Further documentations are available on Wiki.
Bug 10 16 26
Enhancement 1 10 11
View all issues | Summary
Unagi 0.3.4
Added by Arnaud Fontaine over 7 years ago
Unagi 0.3.1 (3 comments)
Added by Arnaud Fontaine almost 9 years ago
Unagi 0.3 (1 comment)
Administrator: Arnaud Fontaine
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LAPD PHONETIC ALPHABET PDF
The experience gained with that alphabet resulted in several changes being made during by the ITU. Throughout World War II, many nations used their own versions of a spelling alphabet. The U. At least two of the terms are sometimes still used by UK civilians to spell words over the phone, namely F for Freddie and S for Sugar. To enable the U. The CCB alphabet itself was based on the U.
Author: Dokree Jujinn
Country: Cayman Islands
Published (Last): 25 June 2004
Uploader: Gardam
With the ultimate goal of clarity, especially in circumstances where signals can be garbled, the use of the word Ocean seems to be advantageous in the radio communication of the letter "O" because it begins with the long, clear vowel "O". The phonetic words Ida and Union feature this same advantage. However, spelling alphabets seem to rarely use initial long vowels. In an earlier U. In like manner, for clarity, the use of "niner" instead of "nine" for the numeral 9 prevents confusion with the numeral 5, which can sound similar, especially when communications are garbled.
The 12 refers to what is called "The Basic Car Plan". That is the patrol area within the Division precinct. Specialized units use the last numbers as designating the officers. An example would be 6U2, Hollywood Division report writing unit is an example. The number that is on the car is called the shop number and is only used for identifying the vehicle. We were just tired of trying to think of a cool name. Also, since many police, fire department, and rescue squad TV programs and movies are set in Los Angeles , the words of the LAPD phonetic alphabet have become familiar in the United States, Canada and English-speaking countries around the world[ citation needed ] due to the wide reach of American entertainment media.
CARDIOPATIA CHAGASICA FISIOPATOLOGIA PDF
Police Alphabet
If you change this back you are, for lack of a better way of putting it, a moron. Also, most of those links just went to disambiguation pages. At most the words should be linked to the Wiktionary entries. Is there a common source?
EFECTO DE GIBBS DONNAN PDF
Talk:APCO radiotelephony spelling alphabet
With the ultimate goal of clarity, especially in circumstances where signals can be garbled, the use of the word Ocean seems to be advantageous in the radio communication of the letter "O" because it begins with the long, clear vowel "O". The phonetic words Ida and Union feature this same advantage. However, spelling alphabets seem to rarely use initial long vowels. In an earlier U. In like manner, for clarity, the use of "niner" instead of "nine" for the numeral 9 prevents confusion with the numeral 5, which can sound similar, especially when communications are garbled. The 12 refers to what is called "The Basic Car Plan".
LE COMTE ORY LIBRETTO PDF
LAPD phonetic alphabet
FORTIGATE 600C PDF
DON HALL PYRAPOINT PDF
BOIKO CONTENT MANAGEMENT BIBLE PDF
GLD PROSPECTUS PDF
MAASER SHENI PDF
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Prism announces management, operations team at ON3 campus
The ON3 campus in Nutley and Clifton — Courtesy: Prism Capital Partners
Prism Capital Partners has assembled a team to oversee its new ON3 campus in Nutley and Clifton, including three former Hoffmann-La Roche employees who worked at the site for a combined 90 years.
The five-member team will oversee day-to-day operations at what is poised to become a mixed-use research and business campus, Prism said Thursday. They include Richard Margerison Jr.,
David Altenau, Tim Keating, Mike Meechan and Ido Weinberger, who will help run the 116-acre complex as the firm prepares to welcome several major tenants.
“ON3 is a highly complex site from an operational standpoint,” said Eugene Diaz, principal partner with Prism. “Beyond the sheer scope of the project’s mixed-use master plan, this campus houses an intricate utility infrastructure, with capability to produce 10-megawatt cogenerated electricity, 15 tons of cooling capacity and 150,000 pounds of steam boiler capacity per hour.
“Additionally, ON3’s 1.2 million square feet of existing office and research space contains sophisticated and distinct building systems — with more to come. Simply put, we needed the best people and strongest leaders on the ground as we move forward with the redevelopment and welcome the first tenants to ON3.”
Margerison, a senior property manager with Prism, is serving as ON3 team lead, according to a news release. He joined the company in 2015 with more than two decades of experience in large-scale property and facilities management, project management and construction.
Altenau, a 28-year Hoffmann-La Roche employee, has been named director of operations for ON3. Prism said he brings deep knowledge of utility operations and maintenance at the site, which at one time housed more than 6,000 employees and serviced critical research and pharmaceutical production operations.
As a property manager for ON3, Keating provides building oversight and heads campus security, the news release said. The firm touted his knowledge of building financials and mechanical systems after a 31-year career with the pharmaceutical giant, along with his service with the Nutley Rescue Squad and relationships with local EMS teams.
Meechan, who joined Hoffmann-La Roche in 1984, is ON3’s facilities manager in charge of construction management. With a strong background in mechanical engineering, he is overseeing demolition and site prep, as well as new development and redevelopment on the campus.
Weinberger recently joined Prism as a senior analyst and leads the underwriting for the ongoing development at ON3, the news release said. That includes commercial lease analysis and debt and capital markets research.
“Rick, Dave, Tim, Mike and Ido make a great team, each bringing specialized experience and an enthusiasm for feeding off the others’ knowledge,” said Prism’s Jonathan Hoff, senior vice president for management services. “Everyone is excited to be part of ON3.
“Watching the campus come back to life is especially gratifying for the former Hoffmann-La Roche folks — who all were involved in ramping down operations when the property went dark five years ago.”
ON3 is set to welcome the new Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine later this year as one of its major tenants. As part of that process, Prism is converting two existing buildings at the site.
This summer, bio-fabrication firm Modern Meadow leased and moved into its 73,000-square-foot, state-of-the-art laboratory on the campus. Prism also touted plans for a pilot manufacturing plant, along with several other major tenants that have signed letters of intent for additional office and research and lab.
Tags clifton Hoffmann-La Roche Modern Meadow nutley ON3 prism capital partners Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine
Cole Schotz promotes CRE attorney in Hackensack office
Land prices surging in N.J. industrial market, CBRE says
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Reporter Asks Kayleigh McEnany to Explain Obamagate and the Crimes Allegedly Committed, Immediately Regrets It
By Sister Toldjah | May 15, 2020 6:00 PM ET
AP Photo/Evan Vucci
White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany continues to impress.
During today’s White House press briefing, McEnany was asked by CBS News Radio correspondent Steven Portnoy to explain what “Obamagate” was and what crimes were allegedly committed because apparently he’s been asleep at the wheel for the last three-plus years as this story has unfolded, with many of the players being exposed – no thanks whatsoever to the leftists in the mainstream media.
Portnoy began by saying that in an interview Trump did with Fox News’s Maria Bartiromo Thursday “the president suggested people should be jailed for what he said earlier in the week was a very ‘obvious’ crime.” Then noting that McEnany was an attorney as well as Trump’s spokesperson, Portnoy wondered if “perhaps you could lay out the elements of this crime. What crime was committed and in what way?”
McEnany began by asking Portnoy to confirm that he was “referring to the Obama administration and the unmasking and …”
Portnoy then asked his question another way. “The president called it as ‘Obamagate.’ What is it? What are the elements of that crime?” as though he didn’t already know.
As she often is, McEnany was clearly prepared for the question. But her answer included not just indictments of the high-level Obama officials exposed earlier this week, but also indictments of many in the mainstream media, who she said pushed the Russia/Trump collusion hoax for years right along with Democrats instead of doing the type of actual journalism that would have led them to the information broken by CBS News’s Catherine Herridge Wednesday.
Here’s how she broke it down for Portnoy:
“I’m really glad you asked because there hasn’t been a lot of journalistic curiosity on this front. And I’m very glad that you asked this question,” McEnany said.
“Look, there were a number of questions raised by the actions of the Obama administration. The Steele dossier funded by the Democratic National Committee, the opposition political party to the president, was used to obtain FISA warrants to listen in on conversations of people within the Trump campaign.
There was the unmasking, the identity of Michael Flynn. And we know that in a January 5th meeting in the Oval Office with President Obama, Sally Yates from the Department of Justice learned about the unmasking – not from the Department of Justice or for the FBI. She learned about it from President Obama and was stunned and can barely process what she was hearing at the time because she was stunned of his knowledge of that.
We know that there was a lot of wrongdoing in the case of Michael Flynn. The FBI notes, for instance, that said we could ‘get him to lie’ as they pontificated their strategy. We know that the identity of this three decade general was leaked to the press, a criminal leaked to the press of his identity in violation of his Fourth Amendment rights.”
“These are very serious questions, they’ve been ignored by the media for far too long,” McEnany continued to a flustered Portnoy, who seemed to be stunned she would suggest such a thing.
She went on to talk about the wrongdoing of the other players in the scandal, like “Andy McCabe leaking to the Wall Street Journal and then lying about it.” She also noted that she’d be “happy to talk about James Clapper lying before Congress saying the NSA does not monitor phone calls,” which she stated was “an inaccuracy, to say the least.”
She concluded by encouraging Portnoy and the other journalists present in the White House press briefing room to do the digging in this direction that they hadn’t done since Trump was elected, which would ultimately lead them to the answers they sought (which is what they should have been doing all along).
Related –>> NYT Journo Becomes Triggered After WH Press Sec. Kayleigh McEnany Calls Her out for Spreading Fake News
North Carolina-based Sister Toldjah, a former liberal, has been writing about media bias, social issues, and the culture wars since 2003. Follow her on Twitter here, and on Parler here.
Read more by Sister Toldjah
Tags: ABUSE OF POWER BARACK OBAMA BILL BARR DEMOCRATS DOJ DONALD TRUMP
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PXT Select Pre-Hire Assessment
The ROI Difference
Celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month – Interview with Jorge Riopedre
by Becki Feldmann | Oct 11, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments
We took some time recently to catch up with Jorge Riopedre, Executive Director at Delmar Divine to learn more about Hispanic Heritage Month. Mark and Jorge are former Leadership St. Louis classmates and the first person who came to mind to share stories about his Hispanic heritage. Oddly enough, when Mark introduced me to Jorge through email, I had just heard his name and the work he is doing with Delmar Divine at a Chamber of Commerce event the week prior and I thought – what an awesome guy, I have to meet him! So what follows is more than just a celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month, it’s the celebration and recognition of an incredible individual who is doing amazing work in the St. Louis community.
Jorge Riopedre – Executive Director Delmar Divine
B: Why is Hispanic Heritage Month so important?
J: In general, celebrating the heritage of members of our community is so important because we are a nation of immigrants. We should take the opportunity to acknowledge and recognize their contributions that have made us a better country.
Specific to Hispanics, it is important to recognize and celebrate Hispanic heritage because Hispanics make up a significant part of the St. Louis community. We have important relationships with Latin American sister cities. I went with a World Trade Center St. Louis delegation to establish the one in Rosario, Argentina. And did you know that Mexico, where we have a sister city in San Luis Potosí, is Missouri’s second largest trading partner?
B: What are we celebrating and why does the celebration run mid-month?
J: It would seem odd that the celebration spans 2 months but there is a very good reason! Eight Latin America countries’ independence days fall between September 15 and October 15 although it’s very commonly misunderstood that Cinco de Mayo is the celebration of Mexico’s Independence Day. We are celebrating the desire for sovereignty and independence of the Latin America countries.
Costa Rica: Sept. 15, 1821
El Salvador: Sept. 15, 1821
Guatemala: Sept. 15, 1821
Honduras: Sept. 15, 1821
Nicaragua: Sept. 15, 1821
Mexico: Sept. 16, 1810 (If you’re wondering, Cinco de Mayo isn’t a celebration of independence. Rather, it’s a relatively minor holiday in Mexico to mark an 1862 Franco-Mexican War victory at the Battle of Puebla.)
Chile: Sept. 18, 1810 (The Britain community in Valparaiso, Chile, gave the Arco Britanico, above, on Chile’s 100th anniversary of independence.)
Belize: Sept. 21, 1981
B: How do you celebrate?
J: Largely with food! With more than 30 distinct cultures and countries in Latin America, there are variations in celebrations but one thing that we all have in common is that food is an expression of culture and central to celebration.
Food connects us, it’s an anchor point to our heritage, it has an emotional component for sure. There are three dishes that especially bring back memories for me – and we still cook them today in our home:
Ceviche – a traditional raw fish dish from Peru
Picadillo – Cuban beef hash
Pollo Zacatecas – a chicken dish with an incredible tomatillo sauce (see recipe below!)
In 2015, I went to Zacatecas on an Eisenhower Fellowship and I came home to tell my wife all about pollo zacatecas. She is a great cook, looked up the recipe and perfected the dish!
Jorge contributed to this cookbook put out by Eisenhower Fellowships. The introduction in the cookbook talked about Kitchen Travels: The best way to experience the world is through food. Nothing brings one closer to the local culture than the smell, sound, and taste of the food of the region. Let’s share our favorite recipes and explore together. Travel to new, exciting, beautiful places in your kitchen and feel the different cultures and our friendship along the way. Through food we can share our memories and experiences and “leave marks” on our lives in new and great ways.
B: How have you/can we continue to raise awareness of Hispanic Heritage?
J: Prior to Delmar Divine, I spent the last 13 years working first at the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce and then at Casa de Salud. It is so important to recognize how much Hispanics contribute to our culture and economy. Sometimes we need a reminder that our future and prosperity depends on everyone around us.
Also consider that we aren’t celebrating something foreign or exotic. We are rejoicing in the infusion of cultures and a brighter future!
B: How can others celebrate?
J: Celebrate with culture immersion! Look up a recipe and cook it, just like my wife did. If that’s not your skill, patronize a Hispanic restaurant. Some of my favorites in St. Louis are Mango (Peruvian), Asador del Sur (Argentinian), and Las Palmas (Mexican). Hop on Netflix and watch thriving Hispanic cinema or read books about Hispanic contributions in history.
The main point is to build awareness, a more meaningful connection and a better internal understanding of what led us to where we are today. Understanding cultures that have become part of our national fabric is to better understand ourselves.
Learn more about Delmar Divine – Coming 2021
J: The “Delmar divide” is something we must address, and I am proud to be part of a project to bring economic opportunities and innovation to north city.
Delmar Divine – Coming 2021
Delmar Divine is a social innovation, high impact real estate initiative that will set an example for community development, social improvement and collaboration in St. Louis and the nation.
Delmar Divine transforms good intentions into an action plan for working together, intentionally and deliberately. This mixed-use development for social innovators provides office space, shared services and other resources for not for profits, foundations and community support organizations. Delmar Divine will also feature approximately 150 apartments designed for the young, diverse professional, providing great and efficient spaces at reasonable prices. Through this initiative, and in collaboration with a host of other projects focusing on north city, we will begin the hard work of erasing this infamous dividing line of St. Louis so that we may, together, enjoy a more prosperous and just future.
Tips for job seekers in the new year – How to stand out from the crowd on paper, online and in person
Getting involved in our community – non-profit employment and networking!
Understanding Implicit Bias with Nikki McGruder
Celebrating Veterans Day – An Interview with Mike Walton
©2020. ROI Search Partners. Site by StemmCreative.net
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Tenet / written and directed by Christopher Nolan ; produced by Emma Thomas ; produced by Christopher Nolan ; a Warner Bros. Pictures presentation ; a Syncopy production.
Nolan, Christopher, 1970- (film director,, screenwriter,, film producer.). Thomas, Emma (Motion picture producer), (film producer.). Washington, John David, 1984- (actor.). Pattinson, Robert, 1986- (actor.). Debicki, Elizabeth, (actor.). Kapadia, Dimple, 1957- (actor.). Caine, Michael, (actor.). Branagh, Kenneth, (actor.). Patel, Himesh, 1990- (actor.). Poésy, Clémence, (actor.). Taylor-Johnson, Aaron, 1990- (actor.). Dourif, Fiona, 1981- (actor.). Howard, Andrew, 1969- (actor.). Chatham, Wes, (actor.). Donovan, Martin, 1957- (actor.). Hoytema, Hoyte van, 1971- (cinematographer.). Lame, Jennifer (Film editor), (editor of moving image work.). Göransson, Ludwig, 1984- (composer (expression)). Warner Bros. Pictures (1969- ), (presenter.). Syncopy (Firm), (production company.). Warner Home Video (Firm), (publisher.). John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, Elizabeth Debicki, Dimple Kapadia, Michael Caine, Kenneth Branagh, Martin Donovan, Fiona Dourif, Yuri Kolokolnikov, Himesh Patel, Clémence Poésy, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Wes Chatham, Andrew Howard. (Cast).
7 of 36 copies available at Bibliomation. (Show)
0 of 1 copy available at Rowayton Library.
Rowayton Library DVD TEN (Text to phone) 33625138948570 Adult New Fiction DVD Checked out 01/15/2021
Physical Description: 2 videodiscs (151 min.) : sound, color ; 4 3/4 in.
Publisher: New York, NY : Warner Bros., [2020]
Recently Published: 4 / 5.0
Top Holds Over Last 5 Years: 4 / 5.0
General Note: In English, Spanish, or French; optional English (SDH), Spanish or French subtitles; descriptive audio.
Special feature: Looking at the world in a new way: the making of Tenet.
Originally released as a motion picture in 2020.
Formatted Contents Note: Disc 1. Main feature -- Disc 2. Special features.
Creation/Production Credits Note: Director of photography, Hoyte Van Hoytema ; editor, Jennifer Lame ; music, Ludwig Göransson.
Participant or Performer Note: John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, Elizabeth Debicki, Dimple Kapadia, Michael Caine, Kenneth Branagh, Martin Donovan, Fiona Dourif, Yuri Kolokolnikov, Himesh Patel, Clémence Poésy, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Wes Chatham, Andrew Howard.
Summary, etc.: Armed with only one word and fighting for the survival of the entire world, a man journeys through a twilight world of international espionage on a mission that will unfold in something beyond real-time.
Rating: PG-13; for intense sequences of violence and action, some suggestive references and brief strong language.
DVD, region 1, widescreen (16x9 ; 2.40:1); 5.1 Dolby Digital.
In English, Spanish, or French; optional English (SDH), Spanish or French subtitles; descriptive audio.
Subject: Spies Drama
Survival Drama
Heroes Drama
Genre: Video recordings for people with visual disabilities.
Fiction films.
Spy films.
Science fiction films.
Action and adventure films.
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← Exorbitant Pretention: The Guidelines for an Academic Paper, A Transparent Approach
Writing Poetry in the Computer Age →
How to Privatize the Police Force
The following appeared in The Pitt News in 1999.
Photograph of a wax facsimile of Wisconsin police officer,
downtown Milwaukee.
Contrary to expectations, my plan to privatize the American police force has received mixed reviews. Because I have won so little legislative support, I think it’s clear that my idea has been poorly explained, so let me clarity.
Public police departments just aren’t the answer to urban crime. You call 911 and the police save you from danger, but then there’s a ton of paperwork to fill out—lawyers are called and everything turns into a big, complicated mess. Plus the average American has to fund each precinct with money from his own pocket, money that’s wasted unless he himself gets attacked and has to call the police. Why should I have to pay my hard-earned cash to save some screaming gunshot victim I don’t even know?
Privatized police departments are the key to a safe environment. Several investors could build the department, hire the best and brightest police officers, and appoint themselves honorary chiefs and sergeants. When a citizen is in trouble, he telephones his preferred department, and the cops are deployed. As soon as the situation is handled—e.g. the burglar is arrested, beaten or gunned down—the citizen pays the cops directly.
Several private police departments in a single neighborhood will naturally lead to healthy competition. Especially lucrative citizens could call a few departments at the same time, thus flooding a crime scene with top-notch, armed-to-the-teeth officers, every one of them eager to solve the problem before his rivals do.
Methods of payment could vary, but a credit card would be ideal. This way a department could mingle its interests with major banks and corporations, who are—as each will attest—consistent experts and guardians of the public’s best interests. This interactions between police chief/investors and civilian CEOs would encourage warm feelings and sustain the market flow in several sectors.
Microeconomic principles also apply: Aspiring managers/sergeants with limited assets could start smaller, Mom and Pop police departments. These officers, only slightly less trained, could wander the streets, waiting for someone to get mugged so they can rush in with a baton and save the day. Poorer neighborhoods could hire independent officers from the community, paying them a fixed income—or, in the lingo of the business, “protection money.”
Extraordinarily responsible citizens could also benefit from police privatization. Suppose Al suspects his neighbor of shifty black market activity. He could visit a department of his choice, and for a small fee be officially deputized, granting him temporary powers of arrest, search and seizure, and the license to carry a firearm. The whole family could get into the action—teenagers, for example, would serve as excellent narcs and undercover agents. This would naturally promote the safe handling of guns, whose extensive use is statistically proven to cut down on crime, pollution and the federal deficit.
Should this amendment work, and I see no economic reason why it shouldn’t, then I also propose restructuring the military in a like manner. Major conglomerates could purchase cohorts and appoint hand-picked corporate generals, so when the government decides to attack foreign nations, depose Third World dictators or train Turkish torturers in violation of International Law, the president could hire a private militia (e.g. the Microsoft Air Corps). We could even take the idea overseas, providing mine-laying and assassination services to “special interest” groups worldwide. Imagine the profits a shrewd investor could reap from just an occasional civil war. What are a few thousand human lives when billions of dollars can be made?
There is, of course, a price to every plan. Such reforms might lead to corruption, monopolization, and almost random incarceration and murder. But if we’re willing to privatize health plans—which keep people alive—and Social Security—which keeps them fed—why not take the extra step? Taking risks is good business, after all.
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Heatwave Mass Casualties Strike India in April Amidst Severe Drought, Water Shortages
Loss of water from snow melt in the Himalayas, increasing temperatures and instances of drought over the food-producing plains, and a potential endemic weakening of the annual monsoonal rains. These are all climate change related impacts that appear to be settling in over India as global temperatures consistently begin to hit levels higher than 1 C above 1880s values. Impacts that are setting up conditions for sustained and increasingly severe droughts and heatwaves.
Yesterday, temperatures rocketed to 114.44 degrees Fahrenheit (or 45.8 degrees Celsius) in Bhubaneshwar, the capital of Odisha, on the Indian east coast. It was the hottest April reading ever recorded for a region that typically sees daily highs in the upper 90s this time of year. A level of heat that’s excessive even for this typically warm region.
(Most of India baked under a severe heatwave yesterday [April 11] as the number of lives lost to heat stroke mounted and a water train was dispatched to far-flung drought-stricken regions. Image source: Earth Nullschool.)
Bhubaneshwar, however, was just one of many locations experiencing temperatures above 110 Degrees (F) yesterday. For a broad heatwave and a related severe drought has sprawled over much of India throughout early April — hitting a peak intensity for many locations this week. Heat so intense that it had already resulted in the tragic loss of more than 110 lives due to heat stroke by April 9th.
India’s Two Year Drought
The drought itself is an ongoing feature — one that has lasted now for two years in many provinces as abnormally high temperatures and reduced monsoonal rains have produced severe and widespread impacts. In total, 10 of India’s 29 states are now suffering under drought conditions. Some locations, like the Maharashtra town of Latur, east of Mumbai, are experiencing water shortages so severe that Indian officials have dispatched a drought relief train — containing a half a million liters of water — to provide aid. For hardest hit areas, the situation is so dire that riots are now a risk — prompting authorities to outlaw gatherings of more than 5 people near some water distribution sites. Maharashtra itself is experiencing some of the most severe losses with reports indicating that reservoirs there are at less than 5 percent capacity. Average capacity for all reservoirs throughout India amounted to just 29 percent by the end of March — and the annual monsoonal rains are still at least two months away.
Overall impacts are quite widespread. Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand has declared a water emergency. And the Ganges River is now so low that it is unable to provide water to cool one of the largest coal-fired electrical power stations in West Bengal — forcing it to suspend operations.The great river is dramatically shrunken — causing islands of mud to emerge even as pollutants concentrate in its thinning thread. A diminishing flow that India’s 1.3 billion people rely on for much of their water. It’s a greater crisis so extreme that late last month one of BBC’s India correspondents asked — is this the worst water crisis India has ever faced?
Such broad-ranging and long-lasting drought has hit India’s farmers hard. Last year, more than 3,500 farmers committed suicide after facing some of the worst conditions ever to strike India. This year, the situation is arguably even worse — forcing some desperate regions to consider cloud seeding as a means of possible drought alleviation.
Stronger Monsoon for 2016? Or Will A Warming Globe Dim India’s Hopes For Rain?
Reports from India’s Meteorological Division have called for a normal to above normal monsoon to provide replenishing rains this year. However, monsoonal predictions over the past two years were overly optimistic, which is cause for caution over last week’s forecast.
Overall, the early extreme record heat and drought over India provides a barrier to any influx of monsoonal moisture. In addition, El Nino conditions — possibly hanging on in the Central Pacific through June — may help to dull or delay monsoonal development even as a predicted progression to La Nina later in the year provides some hope for additional moisture during late Summer and Fall. A switch to rains that may well be quite intense for some regions given the unprecedented atmospheric moisture content as a result of record high global temperatures.
Longer-term, there are growing indications that climate change is starting to impact India’s breadbasket. Record high temperatures over the Gangetic Plain — India’s productive farming region south of the Himalayas — are starting to take hold as a result of a human-forced warming of the globe. A condition that IPCC reports indicate could decimate (reduce by ten percent) wheat, corn, soy and sorghum yields over the coming years. So even as a shift to La Nina provides some hope for an alleviation of India’s current drought woes later in 2016, the larger trend is for an increasing prevalence of drought and extreme heat as a reckless fossil fuel emission continues to force the globe to warm.
India Scrambles to Alleviate Severe Drought
Is India Facing its Worst-Ever Water Crisis?
Water Train Reaches Latur
Heatwave Claims 111 Lives in India
India Meteorological Division
With Months to Go For Rains, this is the Drought Map of India
Earth Nullschool
Drought, El Nino and a Weak Monsoon Conspire to Hit Indian Farmers
Hat Tip to Colorado Bob
Hat Tip to TodaysGuestIs
by robertscribbler on April 12, 2016 • Permalink
Tagged climate change, El Nino, environment, extreme weather, Farmers Food Production, global warming, Heatwave Mass Casualties, Hothouse, Human Hothouse, India drought, India Heatwave, India Water Shortages, La Nina, monsoon, Record Heat India, science, weather
Posted by robertscribbler on April 12, 2016
https://robertscribbler.com/2016/04/12/heatwave-mass-casualties-strike-india-amidst-severe-drought-water-shortages/
Hothouse Gas Spikes to Extreme 409.3 Parts Per Million on April 10 — Record Rate of Atmospheric CO2 Increase Likely for 2016
The Greenland Summer Melt Season Just Started in April
climatehawk1
Retweeted.
wili
Any news on what the Wet Bulb Temperatures were?
(For those unfamiliar with the term: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature )
I didn’t catch the combined temperature, pressure and humidity readings. I heard rumor that we had 114 F conditions and 90 percent humidity. But that’s practically impossible as it would be a wet bulb reading above 47 C.
According to IMD data, as many as 17 places in the state had recorded temperatures of above 40 degrees by 2 PM.
Chandbali on the coast recorded a high of 44.4 degrees while the coal town of Talcher saw the mercury touch 43.8 degrees. The maximum at Jharsuguda and Sundargarh was 43.5 degrees.
The relative humidity level in Bhubaneswar went up to 90 per cent, making for sultry conditions that forced most people to remain indoors.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswar-sizzles-at-45-8-degress-schools-ordered-shut-till-April-20/articleshow/51783686.cms
Usually peak heat and peak humidity do not occur at the same time. You need to catch these readings as they occur in the same temporal space in order to get an accurate measure. What we’re probably seeing is wet bulb readings in the low 30s C — which is bad enough. It’s possible we’ve gotten close to 35 C in certain areas.
OK, Rat. So I’ve gone back through the data and have found that at times of peak temperature the RH in these regions was in the range of 11 to 14 percent and the atmospheric pressure was in the range of 1000 to 1005 hPa. So what we were looking at during the times of peak temperatures in the range of 41 to 45 C was wet bulb readings of about 22 to 26 C.
This may seem counter-intuitive, but RH tends to fall as temperature increases. To get higher wet bulb readings you need a higher degree of latent heat and this comes with a higher water vapor content. The land and air mass in these zones has basically been dried in a blast furnace, which a characteristic of the ongoing drought.
Ryan in New England
Here’s a piece by Bill McKibben in The Guardian about BP.
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/12/bill-mckibben-bp-investors-playing-fast-and-loose-with-our-future
I love this guy. It’s good to see someone doing the needed work to hold the bad actors accountable. BP is among the absolute worst. And McKibben, as usual, is spot-on.
Me too, Robert. The End of Nature was the first environmental book I ever read, back in the early 90s when I was in middle school. I’ve read all of his books since then, and sadly things have gotten much worse. He has been a very influential figure in the fight for a livable climate.
Clinton Foundation Called On to Cut Ties with Fossil Fuels Sector
“This is an opportunity for the Clinton Foundation to prove themselves as climate leaders,” says May Boeve of 350.org
http://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/04/12/clinton-foundation-called-cut-ties-fossil-fuels-sector
If HRC’s campaign and the Clinton Foundation do not sever ties to FF sector what does that say?
Really, what does that say?
We’re running out of water, and the world’s powers are very worried: https://www.revealnews.org/article/were-running-out-of-water-and-the-worlds-powers-are-very-worried/
Caroline, it says the obvious and what we have come to expect from the elite. It is their sandbox, their toys and their game. You’ll be invited, maybe.
And here is an interview with James Hansen.
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/12/climate-scientist-james-hansen-i-dont-think-im-an-alarmist
These mega-stressors in heavily populated and well armed countries present serious additional risks.
todaysguestis
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-35888535
Reblogged this on Exposing the Big Game.
Climate Change May Be Causing Earth’s Poles To Shift
“The researchers wrote in their study that the Earth’s spin axis has been shifting 75-degrees eastward from its normal long-term drift direction since the early 2000s. That shift, they found, is being driven not only by melting ice sheets, but also a loss of water mass in Eurasia due to the depletion of aquifers and drought, according to a NASA release.”
Greenland’s Melt Season Started Nearly Two Months Early
http://www.climatecentral.org/news/greenlands-melt-season-started-nearly-two-months-early-20237
climatehawk1 (@climatehawk1)
Scheduling tweet on this, thanks.
Dead coral reefs stir fears of ‘dangerous’ climate change, scientists say
“It was a horror show,” Baum said. “Rationally I know what’s happened, but emotionally it’s very hard to accept it. It seems like it can’t possibly be real that this vibrant, healthy reef that I’ve been working on so long and studying so intensely — specifically because it was one of the healthiest reefs in the world — that it could just be dramatically transformed in a matter of months into this graveyard.”
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/04/12/why-dead-coral-reefs-stir-fears-of-dangerous-climate-change
Tweet scheduled on this, thanks.
TransCanada’s Keystone Pipeline Resumes Operations After South Dakota Dilbit Spill
http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/35601-transcanada-s-keystone-pipeline-resumes-operations-after-south-dakota-dilbit-spill
‘The incident has given ammunition to a group appealing the decision by the South Dakota Public Utility Commission (PUC) to re-certify TransCanada’s permit to build the Keystone XL Pipeline, despite President Obama’s denial of a permit needed to cross international borders.’
GarryRogers
Reblogged this on GarryRogers Nature Conservation and commented:
Probably another dangerously hot summer ahead.
lracine
So what happens when the people in India start to die in mass numbers due to heat waves, lack of water and food, like Sudan?
I just finished watching “Salt of The Earth”…. about Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado… the movie had a section and photos including his time is Sudan where he worked with Doctors Without Boarders…. along with many other things he documented via photographs during his career… It was a wonderful documentary about humanity, it’s tragic flaws and the overwhelming beauty of the earth.. It left me very thoughtful…..
This global bleaching event is decimating the coral of Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll. This event is unprecedented in the entire 7,000 year coral record. For thousands of years the coral was fine. And thanks to us, in a single human lifetime we will have destroyed it.
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2016/04/12/3768723/coral-bleaching-christmas-atoll/
Zika virus is “scarier than initially thought.” It seems that the mosquito that carries the virus is far more widespread than thought, and the virus is responsible for more than just microcephaly. It is thought to attack the neurological system, and it isn’t just pregnant women who need to be concerned. I fear the virus will explode across the U.S. this summer.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/04/11/scarier-than-we-initially-thought-cdc-sounds-warning-zika-virus/82894878/
Mulga Mumblebrain
Zika has been known for years, and, suddenly, now, it becomes so dangerous. Interesting, indeed.
It was an obscure virus that few people knew anything about due to an overall low infection rate and general low concern from the healthcare community. It wasn’t until infection rates broadened and Barr and Microcephaly cropped up that researchers began taking a closer look and the learning curve on Zika steepened.
redskylite
Thanks for highlighting the events in India – I try and keep up with world events, but was sadly ignorant of this, not too well presented by regular news channels. Looks like it’s going to be a tough year in the subcontinent, hope the monsoon helps this year.
JISAO have just released the PDO index for March 2016 at +2.40 it is the second highest value after 1941. 1941 yielded an exceptionally hot summer, followed by a very cold winter. Now magnified by global warming, I wonder what the Northern Hemisphere is in for this season.
+2.4 ??? That’s just nuts.
Looks like March was very close to February as a record warm departure. April appears to be solidly in the +1.3 to +1.45 C above 1880s range so far. 2016, I think, will be pretty obnoxious as a global average temperature marker.
Most of the models are pointing toward La Nina by year end. But given those PDO values, one wonders how intense and long lasting such an event could be.
PDO and “The Blob Returns” – we’re almost at 3C already along the Alaska and BC coasts, even as glacial melt kicks into high gear:
http://earth.nullschool.net/#current/ocean/surface/currents/overlay=sea_surface_temp_anomaly/orthographic=-124.70,51.90,1306/loc=-134.133,52.842
dtlange
– Heat – All is heat in Greenland as it is in India et al. – to wit: fossil fuel heat.
– Greenland:
Greenland's ice sheet is melting, and no wonder, about 50F above avg in the country. pic.twitter.com/0Er0fTNseI
— Robert Speta (@robertspeta) April 12, 2016
anitawylie1122@comcast.net
Mr. Scribbler – I am following your posts, which I find to be tremendously informative. I’d like to share them on Facebook, but don’t see a link. Maybe I can figure a wy to post it, or not. Do you have the means to make sharing on Facebook possible?
Anita Wylie Indianapolis
Warmest regards. And thanks for the kind words, Anita.
The Facebook tab in the lower portion of the post makes it easy. Otherwise, you can copy and paste the url and Facebook will do the rest.
There is also a free program (oops, app, I am so old fashioned) called AddThis that will allow you to share any web page in a variety of ways, including Facebook, Twitter, and many others. Just Google to find it. I use Chrome as a browser, and it sits as an icon (a plus sign) near the top of the page.
Earth Nullschool has a view called MI or Misery Index. has that anything to do with wetbulb temp?
Abel Adamski
These are actual temps (degrees F), not heat indexes. Exceptional heat gripping much of Indian Rim. pic.twitter.com/v1uWHMcr3o
— Anthony Sagliani (@anthonywx) April 13, 2016
Anthony Sagliani @anthonywx 4h4 hours ago
Tropical Cyclone Fantala (1-min 80kt) spinning about in the central Indian Ocean. No immediate threat to land.
-Peabody Energy Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Protection
Coal company’s filing includes most of U.S. activities, excludes Australian operations
http://www.wsj.com/articles/peabody-energy-files-for-chapter-11-protection-from-creditors-1460533760
Just wanted to say thank you for all the work you do to bring attention to the climate crisis and all its consequences. Without this blog I wouldn’t know about many of these stories even though I read many news sources, including alternative sites.
Cheers, CD. I promise to keep doing my best for you.
Christina MacPherson
Reblogged this on nuclear-news.
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DESBORDAMIENTOS
TÂNIA DINIS
Thursday October 1 | 9:30 pm | Fundación Luis Seoane | Get your free ticket here
Memory (that of other people but also one’s own) is at the core of Tânia Dinis’ work. Since 2011, Dinis has developed a career as an artist where research and creation go hand in hand. She has restlessly approached archival family footage, both of her own family and of anonymous people. Her work includes exhibitions, installations, performances, films in super 8, and collages involving found and/or researched footage (such as films, letters, pictures, slides, and all sorts of objects). In this session, you will be invited to watch a selection of her films and an adaptation of her research/performance Álbuns da terra.
LAURA | Tânia Dinis, 2017, vídeo, 10 min.
“A film-essay developed from a research project of compilation of anonymous family photographs. An exploration of the notion of image through the experience of a time that passed, and of time that doesn’t pass. A memory that expands in space, creating small narrative moments.” (Tânia Dinis)
TERESA | Tânia Dinis, 2017, super 8 a vídeo, 5 min.
“The fragmented image of an intimate record. The impression of moments forgotten in time but ready to emerge from oblivion –moments that allow us to build a possible history: the history we want to see.” (Tânia Dinis)
ARCO DA VELHA | Tânia Dinis, 2017, super 8 a vídeo, 4 min.
“The wood constantly burnt in the hearth –a centrifugal place where the actors involved still gave new worlds to the world, thanks to the sweat of their works, for the clandestine sap of dreams.” Regina Guimarães
NÃO SÃO FAVAS, SÃO FEIJOCAS | Tânia Dinis, 2013, super 8 a vídeo, 10 min.
“The generational conflict of the people who live in the countryside and for the countryside. My grandmother and I. The confrontation that takes place between the image and those who are represented by it.” (Tânia Dinis)
TÂNIA DINIS | PERFORMANCE
ÁLBUNS DA TERRA | Tânia Dinis, 30 min. approx.
Performance with archival footage.
A performance made with photo albums collected by the artist –albums as objects inside which are kept the stories and memories of a family. A repository of memories, an autobiographical account made of stories that get lost with the passage of time. Dinis makes use of the physical characteristics of the stored photographs, combining and juxtaposing them to create sequences that give a new life to the archival footage.
Those attending this section of Desbordamientos are going to be able to enjoy a pairing of art and beer thanks to the collaboration of Cervezas Alhambra.
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Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Bartholinsgade 6Q, 2. sal, Building: 01-1-14
amny@sund.ku.dk
http://www.ifsv.ku.dk
Birth cohorts: A resource for life-course studies
Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie & Madsen, M., 2009, Family matters: Designing, analysing and understanding family based studies in life source epidemiology. Lawlor, D. & Misha, D. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 99-127 28 p.
Medfødte misdannelser
Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, 2009, Danske børns sundhed og sygelighed. Johansen, A. (ed.). Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, SDU, p. 107-114 8 p.
Paternal age and offspring mortality
Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, 2009.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Poster › Research
The continuum of trated psychiatric disorders in individuals born premature in Denmark 1974-1996
Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, 2009, (Submitted) In : New England Journal of Medicine.
Preconception care
Bille, C. & Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Jan 2009, In : BMJ - British Medical Journal - Clinical Research Edition. 338, p. b22
Trends in socioeconomic differences in Finnish perinatal health 1991-2006
Gissler, M., Rahkonen, O., Arntzen, A., Cnattingius, S., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie & Hemminki, E., Jun 2009, In : Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 63, 6, p. 420-5 6 p.
Sex differences in child and adolescent mortality in the Nordic countries, 1981--2000
Gissler, M., Rahkonen, O., Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Arntzen, A., Cnattingius, S., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie & Hemminki, E., Jun 2009, In : Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 37, 4, p. 340-6 7 p.
Danske børns sundhed og sygelighed
Johansen, A., Jespersen, L. N., Davidsen, M., Michelsen, S. I., Morgen, C. S., Helweg-Larsen, K., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Juhl, M. & Due, P., 2009, 1 ed. København: National institute of public health. 174 p.
Research output: Book/Report › Report › Communication
Johansen, A., Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, Danmark, S. I. F. F. D., Jespersen, L. N., Davidsen, M., Michelsen, S. I., Morgen, C. S., Helweg-Larsen, K., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Juhl, M. & Due, P., 2009, 174 p. Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, SDU.
Birth cohort studies: past, present and future
Lawlor, D. A., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie & Batty, G. D., Aug 2009, In : International Journal of Epidemiology. 38, 4, p. 897-902 6 p.
Socio-economic achievements of individuals born very preterm at the age of 27 to 29 years: a nationwide cohort study
Mathiasen, R., Hansen, Bo Mølholm, Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie & Greisen, Gorm, 2009, In : Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 51, 11, p. 901-8 7 p.
The social gradient in birthweight at term: quantification of the mediating role of maternal smoking and body mass index
Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Diderichsen, Finn, Smith, G. D. & Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Oct 2009, In : Human Reproduction. 24, 10, p. 2629-35 7 p.
Time is on whose side? Time trends in the association between maternal social disadvantage and offspring fetal growth. A study of 1,409,339 births in Denmark 1981-2004
Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Diderichsen, Finn, Davey-Smith, G. & Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, 2009, In : Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.
Do childhood and adult socioeconomic circumstances influence health and physical function in middle-age?
Osler, Merete, Madsen, M., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Avlund, K., McGue, M., Jeune, B. & Christensen, K., 2009, In : Social Science & Medicine. 68, 8, p. 1425-31 7 p.
The influence of birth weight and body mass in early adulthood on early coronary heart disease risk among Danish men born in 1953
Osler, Merete, Lund, Rikke, Kriegbaum, Margit & Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, 2009, In : European Journal of Epidemiology. 24, p. 57-61
Socio-economic inequality in preterm birth: a comparative study of the Nordic countries from 1981 to 2000
Petersen, C. B., Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Morgen, C. S., Madsen, M., Schnor, O., Arntzen, A., Gissler, M., Cnattingius, S. & Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Jan 2009, In : Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology Online. 23, 1, p. 66-75 10 p.
Alcohol drinking pattern during pregnancy and risk of infant mortality
Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine, Grønboek, M., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Andersen, Per Kragh & Olsen, J., 1 Nov 2009, In : Epidemiology. 20, 6, p. 884-91 8 p.
Binge drinking during pregnancy and risk of seizures in childhood: a study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort
Sun, Y., Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine, Vestergaard, M., Christensen, J., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, Grønbaek, M. & Olsen, J., Feb 2009, In : American Journal of Epidemiology. 169, 3, p. 313-22 10 p.
Socio-occupational status and congenital anomalies
Varela, M. M. M., Nohr, E. A., Llopis-González, A., Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie & Olsen, J., Apr 2009, In : European Journal of Public Health. 19, 2, p. 161-7 7 p.
Ethnic disparity in stillbirth and infant mortality in Denmark 1981-2003
Villadsen, Sarah Fredsted, Mortensen, Laust Hvas, Andersen, A. M. N. & Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie, 2009, In : Journal of epidemiology and community health. 63, 2, p. 106-12 7 p.
A Confirmatory Approach to Examining the Factor Structure of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): A Large Scale Cohort Study
Psychometric Properties of the Danish Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire: The SDQ Assessed for More than 70,000 Raters in Four Different Cohorts
Prenatal exposure to alcohol, and gender differences on child mental health at age seven years
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Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation
Simon Vanstone, Jim Stone, Sergey Gordeev, Richard Guy
Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio)
Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics CDT
Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies (CSCT)
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Statistical Applied Mathematics (SAMBa)
Centre for Therapeutic Innovation
Optical poration, or drilling, of the human nail has the potential to drastically improve transungual drug delivery. However, this approach is accompanied by thermal damage to the nail tissue surrounding the laser radiation-created pore. In this paper, fluorescence microscopy has been employed to quantitatively evaluate thermal damage to the nail induced by laser ablation with 80 MHz, nanojoule, femtosecond pulses delivered via a hollow-core fibre. An empirical relation has been established between the intensity of the resulting fluorescence signal and temperature to which the nail was exposed. Using this relationship, detailed temperature maps have been created of the areas surrounding the pores, enabling the mechanism of poration to be better understood. It was deduced that plasma-mediated ablation is primarily responsible for nail tissue ablation at the centre of the pore, while cumulative photothermal processes dominate at the pore edges. It is concluded, furthermore, that temperature mapping represents a useful new tool with which to optimise the process of nail poration. The method is potentially generic and may be applicable to other biological materials.
Drug Delivery and Translational Research
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x
Femtosecond pulsed laser ablation
Human nail
Nail poration
Thermal mapping
10.1007/s13346-019-00638-xLicence: CC BY
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Laser Therapy Medicine & Life Sciences
Nails Medicine & Life Sciences
Hot Temperature Medicine & Life Sciences
Temperature Medicine & Life Sciences
Thermography Medicine & Life Sciences
Fluorescence Microscopy Medicine & Life Sciences
Lasers Medicine & Life Sciences
R.H.Guy@bath.ac.uk
Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology - Professor
Person: Research & Teaching
James Stone
J.M.Stone@bath.ac.uk
Department of Physics - Research Fellow
Person: Researcher
Vanstone, S., Stone, J., Gordeev, S., & Guy, R. (2019). Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 9(5), 956–967 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x
Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation. / Vanstone, Simon; Stone, Jim; Gordeev, Sergey; Guy, Richard.
In: Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Vol. 9, No. 5, 31.10.2019, p. 956–967 .
Vanstone, S, Stone, J, Gordeev, S & Guy, R 2019, 'Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation', Drug Delivery and Translational Research, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 956–967 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x
Vanstone S, Stone J, Gordeev S, Guy R. Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 2019 Oct 31;9(5):956–967 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x
Vanstone, Simon ; Stone, Jim ; Gordeev, Sergey ; Guy, Richard. / Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation. In: Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 2019 ; Vol. 9, No. 5. pp. 956–967 .
@article{e54e3750bd3a4c07b7edc97938169ed5,
title = "Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation",
abstract = "Optical poration, or drilling, of the human nail has the potential to drastically improve transungual drug delivery. However, this approach is accompanied by thermal damage to the nail tissue surrounding the laser radiation-created pore. In this paper, fluorescence microscopy has been employed to quantitatively evaluate thermal damage to the nail induced by laser ablation with 80 MHz, nanojoule, femtosecond pulses delivered via a hollow-core fibre. An empirical relation has been established between the intensity of the resulting fluorescence signal and temperature to which the nail was exposed. Using this relationship, detailed temperature maps have been created of the areas surrounding the pores, enabling the mechanism of poration to be better understood. It was deduced that plasma-mediated ablation is primarily responsible for nail tissue ablation at the centre of the pore, while cumulative photothermal processes dominate at the pore edges. It is concluded, furthermore, that temperature mapping represents a useful new tool with which to optimise the process of nail poration. The method is potentially generic and may be applicable to other biological materials.",
keywords = "Drug delivery, Femtosecond pulsed laser ablation, Fluorescence microscopy, Human nail, Nail poration, Thermal mapping",
author = "Simon Vanstone and Jim Stone and Sergey Gordeev and Richard Guy",
doi = "10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x",
pages = "956–967 ",
journal = "Drug Delivery and Translational Research",
publisher = "Springer Publishing Company",
T1 - Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation
AU - Vanstone, Simon
AU - Stone, Jim
AU - Gordeev, Sergey
AU - Guy, Richard
N2 - Optical poration, or drilling, of the human nail has the potential to drastically improve transungual drug delivery. However, this approach is accompanied by thermal damage to the nail tissue surrounding the laser radiation-created pore. In this paper, fluorescence microscopy has been employed to quantitatively evaluate thermal damage to the nail induced by laser ablation with 80 MHz, nanojoule, femtosecond pulses delivered via a hollow-core fibre. An empirical relation has been established between the intensity of the resulting fluorescence signal and temperature to which the nail was exposed. Using this relationship, detailed temperature maps have been created of the areas surrounding the pores, enabling the mechanism of poration to be better understood. It was deduced that plasma-mediated ablation is primarily responsible for nail tissue ablation at the centre of the pore, while cumulative photothermal processes dominate at the pore edges. It is concluded, furthermore, that temperature mapping represents a useful new tool with which to optimise the process of nail poration. The method is potentially generic and may be applicable to other biological materials.
AB - Optical poration, or drilling, of the human nail has the potential to drastically improve transungual drug delivery. However, this approach is accompanied by thermal damage to the nail tissue surrounding the laser radiation-created pore. In this paper, fluorescence microscopy has been employed to quantitatively evaluate thermal damage to the nail induced by laser ablation with 80 MHz, nanojoule, femtosecond pulses delivered via a hollow-core fibre. An empirical relation has been established between the intensity of the resulting fluorescence signal and temperature to which the nail was exposed. Using this relationship, detailed temperature maps have been created of the areas surrounding the pores, enabling the mechanism of poration to be better understood. It was deduced that plasma-mediated ablation is primarily responsible for nail tissue ablation at the centre of the pore, while cumulative photothermal processes dominate at the pore edges. It is concluded, furthermore, that temperature mapping represents a useful new tool with which to optimise the process of nail poration. The method is potentially generic and may be applicable to other biological materials.
KW - Femtosecond pulsed laser ablation
KW - Fluorescence microscopy
KW - Human nail
KW - Nail poration
KW - Thermal mapping
U2 - 10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x
DO - 10.1007/s13346-019-00638-x
JO - Drug Delivery and Translational Research
JF - Drug Delivery and Translational Research
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When Republicans Loved Endangered Species
Once upon a time, conservation was bipartisan, with leadership from both Republicans and Democrats at various stages, from the administration of Teddy Roosevelt to that of Richard Nixon and a bit beyond. In the early days of the New Mexico Wilderness Study Committee in the 1970s, many of its leaders, even yours truly, were Republicans. We worked closely with New Mexico’s Republican members of Congress—Sen. Pete Domenici and Rep. Manuel Lujan, Jr.—on new Wilderness Areas, including a pocketful of areas stoutly opposed by the Forest Service, such as the Sandia Mountains and Chama Canyon Wilderness Areas. When, on my trips to Washington, D.C. for The Wilderness Society and NMWSC, I strode the marble hallways of the Congressional office buildings I always had appointments with the Republican staff of the House Interior Committee to palaver over strategy.
In 1973, one of the great conservation bills was passed with the strong support of Republican members of Congress. The Eastern Wilderness Areas Act was fought by the Forest Service as though it would usher in Armageddon. And yet, its lead sponsor in the Senate was Republican James Buckley (brother of William F. Buckley) and in the House by Republican John Saylor, who had been the lead House sponsor of the 1964 Wilderness Act.
But what of the great bugbear of today’s congressional Republicans (better called Trumpicans)—the 1973 Endangered Species Act?
Today the Endangered Species Act is under threat as never before by Republicans and the Trump administration. But on July 24, 1973, the Senate unanimously approved the Act, followed on September 18 by a House vote of 390-12. It was gladly signed by President Gerald Ford, also a Republican.
In debate on the bill, Senator Ted Stevens (R-AK), speaking in favor, quoted former Senator Spong who had said that “Extinction is quite literally a fate worse than death.” Stevens added, “I agree.” Senator Marlow Cook, (R-KY) recommended the legislation include “a provision which would prohibit the destruction or modification of the critical habitat of such [endangered] species.” Senator Bill Roth (R-DE), said in support that the Act was a “long overdue piece of legislation,” and Senator Pete Domenici (R-NM) added, “It is a fact that man has been the culprit in bringing certain species to the point of extinction: it would be a double indictment against humanity to ignore the present situation and allow the destruction of our resource of wildlife to continue.” Senator Charles Percy (R-IL) called for the Senate to act promptly and “hopefully unanimously” on the bill, and it was so.
As Mary Hopkin sang around that time, “Those were the days, my friend.…” Yep, and we believed they would never end. Land sakes alive! (The strongest oath my Republican grandmother ever uttered.) How, how, how has the Republican Party fallen so low?
Now is the time to restore bipartisan support for conservation! We old geezers for conservation are counting on you, young conservative folk.
In the Sandia Wilderness, listening to the uplifting song of my chickadee friends
Featured image: Dave with Maj. John Bowen (ret.) at a NMWSC retreat in the 1970s
Dave Foreman is the founder of The Rewilding Institute, co-founder of The Wildlands Project and Earth First!, and author of several acclaimed books on wildlands conservation. Books: Rewilding North America | Man Swarm: How Overpopulation Is Killing The WIld World | Take Back Conservation …among several other Rewilding books you can find here. [Photo: Dave Forman in the barren grounds of Nunavit, Canada © Nancy Morton]
Posted by Dave Foreman
October 28, 2019 in Around the Campfire , Embers from the Campfire
Helen McGinnis - November 1, 2019
I tend to support political candidates on the basis of their environmental advocacy above all else. As another old geezer in Dave’s age bracket, I can think back when I really had to think about whether to vote for a Republican or a Democrat. Should it be Nixon or Kennedy? Unfortunately, there are no shades of gray today: it’s either the Republican line or the Democrat line and never shall the two meet.
Susan Ostlie - November 1, 2019
Thanks Dave, for your inspirational message. I take heart from your courage and stamina in fighting for wild public lands. As a group of leaders will be lobbying for environmental protections next week in DC with other Broadband leaders from the west.
Rio Grande Valley Broadband of the Great Old Broads for Wilderness
Brian - November 23, 2019
Actually, it was Mary Hopkins. You’re getting as old as me Dave.
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Richard C. Lyons
Richard C. Leach
But By The Chance of War
The DNA of Democracy
Shadows of the Acropolis
Dierdre
Faithful Revolution
Now available in print, digital and audible
The DNA of Democracy — (Volume 1)
An American Poet takes a novel look at Democracy through a series of essays in “The DNA of Democracy.” The author visits upon democracy’s rare occurrences in history, from its western origins in Athens and Rome, to its long evolutional growth in England, and the utterly unique establishment of democracy in America, where the combined influences of the Amerindian’s view of life, some revolutionary old world philosophers and a generation of rebel, warrior poets wrought an unprecedented nation!
Coming 03.21.21
Shadows of the Acropolis — (Volume 2)
As it was with the democracy of ancient Athens, America’s democracy has, over time, been subject to change, proving democracy is as fragile as it is rare. The shadows now falling over American democracy are not from obvious sources, but from age old, unsuspected ones, which tend to the creation of tyranny. Defining the causes and consequences of these changes provides the hope we may hold, to restore American democracy’s proper foundations and glories.
Richard Lyons brings his creative talents to an exploration of some of the most vexing and profound questions about war in this imaginative series of epic poems. But by the Chance of War is reminiscent of the great Greek and Roman works. Each of the four parts ranges in setting from ancient India to Colonial American, to battlefi elds of modern Europe and to a conjectured scene in the contemporary Mid East. Throughout the animated and lyrical writing, READ MORE
Children of the Storm—Audio Excerpts of the award winning
“But By The Chance of War” On Sale Now
Francesco – The Musical
The life of Francesco told in dramatic form to enlighten and inspire persons throughout the world was first envisioned by Francesco’s creator Richard C. Leach who sought to bring the story of Francesco to life for all audiences via the musical art form. a group of renowned artists were gathered for the work of creating the finest show possible for the stage. The show was put into a format appealing to eclectic audiences, from the spiritually motivated to those interested in excellence in music and drama, to those interested in a very extraordinary human story, this show delivers over a spectrum of interests as we travel the episodes of Francesco’s life.
In 500 A.D., a DRUID priest predicts that a daughter will be born to the young LORD of FAELAIN, 20s. The daughter’s power will either produce a new day in peaceful Ireland or the discord of a storm. When DIERDRE is born, ambitious regional KING CONNOR, 20ish, attacks Faelain Castle, hoping to take the girl prisoner and possess her powers to become king of all Ireland. However, the Lord of Faelain offers a compromise: when Dierdre comes of age, she will marry Connor. The years pass and eventually the Lord of Faelain regrets the compromise. If he can possess Dierdre and her power, he can reign as king instead of Connor. To complicate matters, Dierdre is now both beautiful and strong-willed. She will do anything to be free of the arranged marriage, because she loves handsome knight ARDAN, 20ish, whom she has known since childhood. When Connor, now 40, arrives for the marriage and discovers the Lord of Faelain’s treachery, his MEN attack the castle with flaming missiles…
This documentary series examines one of the pivotal points in history and looks at how the largest spiritual institution in the world liberated its teachings to empower its lay members to act with conscience in addressing the worlds long standing divisions. The influence of this revolution can be seen from the positive social transformations of the 1960’s, to the liberation of eastern Europe in the 1990’s… and its influence is still being felt around the globe today. Join Martin Sheen and a host of commentators to discover the origin and the ongoing dynamics of “The Faithful Revolution.”
Lylea Creative Resources
Angelle Barbazon – Lead Publicist
JKS Communications
Literary Publicity
OR angelle@jkscommunications.com jkscommunications.com
Copyright Lylea Creative. LYLEA is the trademark of the Lylea Creative Resources, Inc. Richard C. Lyons.
All rights reserved. No part of this website may be reproduced, scanned or distributed in any form without expressed or written permission.
Interview with Big Blend Radio: The DNA of Democracy
https://www.blogtalkradio.com/big-blend-radio/2019/06/03/big-blend-radio-the-dna-of-democracy
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Mexican Flannelbush | Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
Fremontodendron mexicanum, commonly known as Mexican Flannelbush or Mexican Fremontia, is a tree-like shrub with bright yellow to orange flowers that bloom between March and August (USFWS 2009).
This species is restricted to one site in San Diego County, its native range (USFWS 1995, 1998). All individuals found outside of its native range in the U.S. are cultivated plants. One population in Arroyo Seco, Mexico was known at the time of this species’ listing, but has been thought to be eradicated. In 2000, a population in Arroyo Hediondo, Baja California, Mexico was found with less than 20 individuals (USFWS 2009).
The Seed Conservation Program at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSABG) currently houses four seed collections of this plant. Active propagation continues in the nursery and they currently has five living plants from two accessions growing in the garden.
RSABG, located in Claremont, CA, is devoted to the collection, cultivation, study, and display of native California plants and to graduate training and research in plant systematics and evolution. CPC thanks them for their dedication and conservation efforts!
The conservation experts at CPC participating institutions such as the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden share their in-depth conservation expertise about rare plants through CPC’s National Collection Plant Profiles.
Learn more about Mexican Flannelbush.
Mexican Flannelbush photo credit: Dylan Hannon
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By CPC News Editor| 2018-02-14T18:09:28+00:00 January 10th, 2018|0 Comments
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Email: info@saveplants.org
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The Center for Plant Conservation (CPC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to saving rare plant species from extinction. CPC's National Collection represents more than 1,500 of the world’s rarest plants, maintained collectively by its valued network of Participating Institutions.
CPC has achieved the 2019 Gold Seal of Transparency on GuideStar.
Copyright 2019 Center for Plant Conservation | All Rights Reserved | Site updated and maintained by Forest Design LLC
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Seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in various populations in Cuba
Seroprevalencia del herpesvirus asociado con el sarcoma de Kaposi en diversas poblaciones en Cuba
Vivian KouríI, *; Sybil M. EngII; María E. RodríguezIII; Sonia ResikI; Odalys OrracaIV; Patrick S. MooreII; Yuan ChangII
IPedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Virology Department, Havana, Cuba
IIHillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
IIIPedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Dermatology Department, Havana, Cuba
IVBlood Bank of Pinar del Río, Pinar del Río, Pinar del Río, Cuba
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the prevalence and distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection in the Caribbean. The aim of this study was to determine rates of KSHV seropositivity in various populations in Cuba.
METHODS: During the years 1998 to 2002 we screened serum samples from 410 subjects in Cuba. Serologic screening for KSHV antibodies was a two-step process using (1) indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) specifically reactive to the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by open reading frame 73 (ORF73), and (2) confirmatory immunoblot using recombinant KSHV ORF65.2, a lytically expressed, 20-kilodalton protein as the target antigen. Five different populations were studied: (1) 45 AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS), (2) 154 HIV-1-infected patients without clinical evidence of KS, (3) 171 HIV-negative blood donors, (4) 27 consecutive kidney transplant recipients, who were HIV-negative, and (5) 13 contacts (sexual contacts or relatives) of the AIDS-KS-affected patients.
RESULTS: Among the 45 AIDS-KS subjects, 35 of them (77.8%) were KSHV-seropositive. Thirty-two of the 154 HIV-positive patients without KS (20.8% of them) were KSHV-seropositive, and 6 of the 13 contacts of KS-affected patients (46.2% of them) were infected with KSHV. In contrast to other researchers, we did not find in the populations that we studied in Cuba that KSHV seropositivity was associated with male homosexual or bisexual activity. We found high KSHV seropositivity rates among women reporting sexual contact with bisexual men and among men who had acquired an HIV infection in Africa. There were low rates of KSHV infection among the blood donors (1.2%) and the renal transplant recipients (0.0%). The low rates of KSHV infection that we found among the non-HIV-infected populations in Cuba are similar to patterns found in populations in Europe and in the United States.
CONCLUSIONS: Together with similar results from Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States of America, our results suggest that KSHV infection is uncommon in some populations in the Western Hemisphere and that KSHV is largely confined to patients with AIDS-associated KS.
Key words: Herpesvirus 8, human; sarcoma, Kaposi; HIV; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; risk factors; seroepidemiologic studies; Cuba.
OBJETIVO: Se sabe poco acerca de la prevalencia y distribución en el Caribe de la infección por el herpesvirus asociado con el sarcoma de Kaposi (HVSK). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las tasas de seropositividad a HVSK en diversas poblaciones en Cuba.
MÉTODOS: Durante el período de 1998 a 2002 se examinaron muestras de suero de 410 personas en Cuba. El tamizaje serológico de los anticuerpos contra HVSK se realizó en dos pasos con las siguientes técnicas: 1) ensayo de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) con reactividad específica a la porción del antígeno de HVSK asociado a la latencia (ANAL) que está codificada por la plantilla de lectura abierta 73 (ORF73), y 2) inmunoblot (Western) confirmatorio, usando como antígeno blanco la proteína ORF65.2 de HVSK recombinante, que tiene 20 kilodaltones y se expresa durante la infección lítica. Cinco poblaciones diferentes fueron estudiadas: 1) 45 pacientes de sida con sarcoma de Kaposi (sida-KS); 2) 154 pacientes infectados por VIH-1 pero sin signos clínicos de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK); 3) 171 donantes de sangre con seronegatividad a VIH; 4) 27 receptores consecutivos de transplantes renales con seronegatividad a VIH y 5) 13 contactos (sexuales o por parentesco) de los pacientes de sida con SK.
RESULTADOS: De las 45 personas con sida y SK, 35 (77,8%) mostraron seropositividad a HVSK. Treinta y dos (20,8%) de los 154 pacientes con seropositividad a VIH pero sin SK mostraron seropositividad a HVSK, y 6 de los 13 contactos (46,2%) de pacientes con SK estaban infectados por HVSK. A diferencia de otros investigadores, los autores del presente estudio no encontraron ninguna asociación entre la seropositividad a HVSK y la actividad homosexual o bisexual en personas de sexo masculino en las poblaciones cubanas estudiadas. En cambio, sí hallaron tasas elevadas de seropositividad a HVSK en mujeres que declararon haber tenido contacto sexual con hombres bisexuales y en hombres que habían adquirido la infección por VIH en el África. Las tasas de infección por HVSK fueron bajas en los donantes de sangre (1,2%) y en los receptores de transplantes renales (0,0%). Las tasas de infección por HVSK halladas en las poblaciones cubanas sin infección por VIH fueron tan bajas como las observadas en Europa y Estados Unidos de América.
CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros resultados, sumados a otros resultados parecidos obtenidos en Brasil, Estados Unidos y Jamaica, indican que la infección por HVSK es poco frecuente en algunas poblaciones del hemisferio occidental y que está confinada mayormente a pacientes con KS en presencia de sida.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was first described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872 (1), and there is ample evidence to suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a newly discovered herpesvirus also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), plays an etiologic role in KS (2). Prior to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), KS was the most frequent neoplasm associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, occurring in approximately 30% of HIV-1-infected homosexual men (3). In the general populations of North America and Northern Europe, KSHV infection is uncommon (< 5%) and is spread principally through sexual transmission, particularly among gay and bisexual men (4). In Mediterranean and African countries, there are, respectively, intermediate infection rates (5%20%) and high infection rates (> 30%), and the virus appears to be spread through both sexual modes of transmission and as-yet-undefined nonsexual modes of transmission (5).
Serologic tests for KSHV include an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on KSHV-infected cells, targeted to the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by KSHV open reading frame 73 (ORF73) (6, 7). This assay appears to be highly specific for KSHV infection (100%) and typically displays 80% sensitivity among KS patients with AIDS. The sensitivity of the LANA IFA may approach 100% in KS patients without HIV (unpublished observation, Patrick S. Moore, 1996). An immunoblot technique (Western blot) using recombinant KSHV ORF65.2, a lytically expressed, 20-kilodalton recombinant protein, as the antigen has also been developed and characterized and shows approximately the same sensitivity as the LANA IFA (8).
In Cuba there are now more than 4 500 people living with HIV. Fifty-eight of these individuals have developed KS. Although KS is not common among the general population of Cuba, the past five years have seen an increase in AIDS-associated KS (AIDS-KS) rates among HIV-infected persons in the country (unpublished observation, María E. Rodríguez, 2000). From the beginning of the HIV epidemic until 1997 Cuba had only 21 KS cases. However, in the 19982001 period 37 new cases were diagnosed. Given this increase in cases, we decided to examine rates of KSHV infection in various populations in Cuba.
Serum archive
Sera from all HIV-positive individuals in Cuba are stored in the serum archive of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Laboratory at the Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine in Havana, Cuba. Following seroconversion to HIV positivity, samples are collected and banked from each subject every two to three years to test for antibodies against cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus. Numerous serum samples, each one taken at a different time point, are thus available for each HIV-positive individual.
Populations and sampling
Serum samples were collected by one of the authors (VK) from a total of 410 subjects from five population groups that, according to previous reports (6, 7), were presumed to be at either high risk or low risk for KSHV infection.
The first two of the five groups were AIDS patients with KS and HIV-1/ AIDS patients without KS. Both of these groups were presumed to be of high risk. Sera for both groups were selected from the Sexually Transmitted Diseases serum archive at the Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine.
The first group consisted of 45 known AIDS-KS patients, who had been diagnosed in the period from 1991 to 2002. The KS diagnoses had been clinically and histologically confirmed according to standard criteria (9), and 8 cases were diagnosed at autopsy. All the sera from the AIDS-KS patients selected for KSHV testing were dated either after confirmation of KS, for those diagnosed while still living, or immediately prior to death, for those who were diagnosed as KS postmortem.
The second group consisted of 154 patients who were infected with HIV-1 or were in the AIDS stage (HIV-1/ AIDS) and who had no clinical evidence of KS. Of the 154, 35 of them were considered AIDS cases at the time that the study was performed, based on the 1983 classification criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States. As facilities in Cuba were not able to determine CD4 counts for these subjects at the times of their AIDS diagnosis, these data were unavailable for clinical staging purposes. Sera from these 154 HIV-1/AIDS patients without KS were randomly selected from the serum archive, as multiple samples were available for each subject. The selec- tion was made by means of a table of random numbers.
Risk factor data and basic demographic data on the 45 AIDS-KS patients and on the 154 HIV-seropositive persons without KS were available through the HIV registry maintained by the Santiago de las Vegas sanatorium. Serological reactivity to HIV-1 had been previously determined by enzyme immunoassay (DAVIH, Havana, Cuba), and positive results were confirmed by Western blot tests (Organon Teknika, Turnhout, Belgium).
The third of the five groups consisted of 171 HIV-negative blood donors from the Central Blood Bank of the city of Pinar del Río who were also negative for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibodies, and venereal disease research laboratory antibodies. The blood donors were considered at low risk. The fourth group was comprised of 27 consecutive kidney transplant recipients, who were HIV-negative; they were also presumed to be at low risk.
The fifth group consisted of 13 contacts of AIDS-KS-affected patients. All 13 contacts agreed to be tested. Of the 13 contacts, 11 of them were HIV-seropositive sexual partners of AIDS-KS patients, and the other 2 were HIV-seronegative relatives (mothers) of AIDS-KS patients. The persons in this group, especially the sexual contacts, were considered to be at high risk for KSHV infection.
Serologic testing
Serum samples were coded, and KSHV serostatus was determined in a double-blinded manner. All sera had been stored at 20 °C, except for some of the very old sera from KS patients, which might have been frozen and thawed at least twice. To decrease potential viral biohazards, all serum samples were heated to 56 °C for 30 minutes before use. Antibodies to the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) were determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on an Epstein-Barr virus-negative, primary effusion lymphoma cell line (BCP-1) latently infected with KSHV, using the protocol previously reported by Gao S et al. (6) and by Martin J et al. (4).
Samples were scored IFA-positive if the punctate nuclear staining pattern specific for KSHV-related antigens was observed. Confirmatory Western blotting using the lytically expressed KSHV ORF65.2 was performed, and the samples were considered positive when a band appeared to the expected size (8). The IFA and the immunoblot were each performed twice for every sample, with discordant results assayed a third time to resolve discrepancies. As serologic assays for KSHV are still in their infancy and conservative seroprevalence estimates were the goal, only sera scoring positive by both IFA and immunoblot were considered positive for KSHV. Positive and negative controls were selected from samples previously tested with both systems (IFA and Western blot).
This research was performed from August 1998 to January 2002, in a collaboration between Columbia University, in New York City, New York, United States of America, and the Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, in the city of Havana, Cuba.
Descriptive statistics (percentages) were used. Comparisons of frequencies were carried out using the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test was used to examine differences in proportions. All P values were two-sided.
Ethics aspects
The procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation of the Cuban Ministry of Health and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. Appropriate informed consent was obtained from the patients, and the guidelines for human experimentation of the Department of Health and Human Services of the United States and/or each authors' institution were followed in the conduct of the clinical research.
A basic demographic profile of the five populations in our study is given in Table 1. The 45 patients with AIDS-KS ranged in age from 17 to 58 years (median, 33.4 years); 32 (71.1%) were white, 7 (15.6%) were black, and 6 (13.3%) were mestizo (data not shown). A homosexuality/bisexuality risk factor was found in 32 of the 36 male AIDS-KS patients (88.9% of them); the other 4 men were heterosexual. The 9 women among the 45 AIDS- KS patients (20% of them) comprised a substantial portion of that group. Three of the 4 male heterosexual AIDS-KS patients acquired HIV infection in Africa, while all 9 female AIDS-KS patients had had multiple contacts with homosexual/bisexual men (data not shown).
The HIV-seropositive group without KS ranged in age from 16 to 70 years (median age, 38.3); 119 of the 154 (77.3%) were white, 14 (9.1%) were black, and 21 (13.7%) were mestizo. The sexual behavior of this group was similar to that reported for the AIDS-KS patients.
The contacts group consisted of 8 homosexual/bisexual males who were sexual partners of KS-affected patients, and 5 women. Of these 5 women, 3 of them were sexual partners of AIDS patients with KS, and the other 2 were mothers of KS-affected patients. The 11 sexual partners were all HIV-seropositive.
Antibody seroreactivity to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus among the five cohorts in Cuba
Among the 45 AIDS-KS patients, 37 of them (82.2%) were IFA-positive for LANA seroreactivity; 35 of these 37 LANA-positive AIDS-KS patients were confirmed positive by the ORF65.2 immunoblot (Table 2).
Of the 154 HIV-positive persons without KS, 34 of them (22.1%) were also KSHV-seropositive by the IFA, and 32 of the 34 were confirmed by immunoblot (Table 2).
Of the 171 blood donors (all of whom were HIV-negative), only 2 of them (1.2%) were positive for KSHV infection; none of the 27 kidney transplant recipients was infected (Table 2). These results are consistent with these two groups' presumed low risk for KSHV infection.
In the contacts group we found positive results to KSHV antibodies in 6 of the 13 persons (46.2% of them) assayed by both methods (Table 2). The two mothers of the KS-affected patients were seronegative for KSHV.
Subgroup analyses of KSHV seropositivity among HIV-positive subjects with and without KS
As shown in Table 3, both men and women had relatively high KSHV seroprevalence rates. Of the 164 HIV-1-positive men, 59 of them (36.0%) were found seroprevalent for KSHV. Of the 46 HIV-1-positive women, 14 of them (30.4%) were found seroprevalent for KSHV. Subjects with HIV and KSHV coinfection were significantly older than their counterparts without KSHV infection (P < 0.05); this was true for both the persons with KS and the persons without KS.
The majority of HIV-positive persons studied were homosexual or bisexual men. Homosexuality/bisexuality was not significantly associated with KSHV infection among either subjects with KS or subjects without KS. Among the group of patients with KS, the proportion of homosexual or bisexual males who were KSHV-seropositive was 78.1% (25 of 32), compared to 75.0% (3 of 4) for heterosexual men (P = 0.99). In contrast, among the group of HIV-seropositive patients who did not have KS, the proportion of bisexual or homosexual males who were seropositives for KSHV was 21.1% (22 of 104), compared to 31.3% (5 of 16) for heterosexual men (P = 0.36). For the sexual contacts the proportion of homosexual or bisexual males infected with KSHV was 50% (4 of 8).
The studies performed by Whitby and colleagues (10) and by Smith and colleagues (11) found homosexuality to be strongly associated with AIDS-KS. In contrast, in our study in Cuban populations we found that heterosexual men and heterosexual women comprised a substantial portion of the AIDS-KS patients (8.9% and 20.0%, respectively). Various factors could have contributed to this finding in Cuba, including the high number of sexual partners and the types of sexual practices of these heterosexual men and women. Four of the men in our study acquired HIV infection in Africa through heterosexual contact, and they might have also been infected with HHV8 at the same time. All nine female AIDS-KS patients had had multiple contacts with homosexual or bisexual men. In both the HIV-positive persons with KS and those without KS, there was a predominance of whites, which is also true for the HIV-positive population overall in Cuba.
The 82.2% positivity found by using IFA in the group of AIDS patients with KS is consistent with previous reports regarding using IFA to assess LANA seroreactivity (4, 6, 7). As expected, the two-step IFA/immunoblot (Western blot) protocol resulted in a relatively low test sensitivity but provided a conservative estimate of KSHV seropositivity as well as a relatively high test specificity. Negative cases could be due to several reasons. One reason is the sensitivity of the tests, which is about an 80% for IFA, and lower for the Western blot. Another possible reason is the history of freezing and thawing of some of the older serum samples. Finally, since the HIV-infected patients with KS are in the AIDS stage, the antibodies response may be affected, resulting in a false-negative response to HHV8, in the same way that occurs for HIV antibodies.
The rates of KSHV prevalence that we found in the various populations in Cuba suggest a pattern of KSHV infection that is similar to that for populations in Japan, Northern Europe, and the United States (1012) and different from that of populations in Italy and Uganda, two countries where this virus is widespread (13, 14). Our results in Cuba were also similar to those that Keller et al. (15) reported for Brazil. Those researchers reported a KSHV prevalence level of 79.5% among HIV-positive patients with KS and a level of 18.5% among HIV-positive patients without KS.
In Cuba both the HIV-positive men and the HIV-positive women (including both those with and without KS) as well as the sexual contacts of the KS-affected patients had relatively high KSHV seroprevalence rates. That finding is similar to what has been reported for sexually active HIV-positive populations in Europe (11). Most researchers consider homosexuality to be a risk factor for KSHV infection and that this risk factor is mainly related to the persistence of unprotected orogenital sex in this group. This obviously does not represent the usual route of transmission of HHV8 in endemic countries, where most of the transmission appears to occur in childhood (16).
In the case of Cuba, homosexual or bisexual behavior was not significantly associated with KSHV infection among subjects with KS or subjects without KS. This could be due to the fact that KS was very rare in Cuba before the AIDS era, even in transplant patients. The first Cuban HIV cases were persons who had become infected heterosexually while they were in Africa. These persons may also have become infected with KSHV while they were there, given that Cuba's first AIDS-KS patients had been in Africa. However, since the numbers of heterosexual males in our study were low compared with the num- bers of homosexual/bisexual males, we suggest that this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously.
Further studies of KSHV transmission in Cuba should be carried out to clarify these issues. Our results are important for Cuban health authorities and draw attention to a new virus that is increasing in Cuba's HIV-infected population. This virus may also spread to persons who are not HIV-infected, thus representing a threat to the country.
Our analyses are consistent with previous observations of a strong association between KSHV seropositivity and KS among AIDS patients. Our analyses also suggest that KSHV transmission patterns in Cuba resemble those seen in Northern Europe and the United States. However, we didn't select a random sample of persons from the Cuban general population, but only from blood donors who were negative for hepati- tis B surface antigen, hepatitis C, and venereal disease research laboratory antibodies. Therefore, we did not reach definitive conclusions regarding the circulation of KSHV in the non-HIV-infected Cuban population, including blood donors and kidney transplant recipients. Together with similar results from Brazil (15), Jamaica (17), and the United States (6), our study indicates that KSHV infection is uncommon in some populations in the Western Hemisphere and that KSHV is largely confined to patients with AIDS-associated KS.
Acknowledgments. Research done at the laboratory of Patrick Moore was funded through grant #CA-73564 from the National Cancer Institute of the United States. Other funding for our study came from the Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine.
1. Kaposi M. Idiopathic multiple lesions of the skin. Arch Dermatol Syphil. 1872;4:26573.
2. Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin M, Lee F, Culpepper J, Knowles D, Moore P. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science. 1994;265:18659.
3. Sarid R, Olsen SJ, Moore P. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: epidemiology, virology, and molecular biology. Adv Virus Res. 1999;52:139232.
4. Martin J, Ganem D, Osmond D, Page-Shafer K, Macrae D, Kedes D. Sexual transmission and the natural history of human herpesvirus 8 infection. New Engl J Med. 1998;338:94854.
5. Wilkinson D, Sheldon J, Gilks C, Schulz T. Prevalence of infection with human herpesvirus 8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in rural South Africa. S Afr Med J. 1999; 89:5547.
6. Gao S, Kingsley L, Li M, Zheng W, Parravicini C, Ziegler J, et al. KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians, and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nature Med. 1996; 2:9258.
7. Kedes D, Operskalski E, Busch M, Kohn R, Flood J, Ganem D. The seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma- associated herpesvirus): distribution of infection in KS risk groups and evidence for sexual transmission. Nature Med. 1996;2:91824.
8. Simpson G, Schulz T, Whitby D, Cook P, Boshoff C, Rainbow L, et al. Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen. Lancet. 1996;348:11338.
9. Titus JL, Kim H. Blood vessels and lymphatics. In: Kissane JM, ed. Anderson's pathology. 9th ed. Vol. I. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company; 1990. Pp. 75270.
10. Whitby D, Smith N, Matthews S, O'Shea S, Sabin C, Kulasegaram R, et al. Human herpesvirus 8: seroepidemiology among women and detection in the genital tract of seropositive women. J Infect Dis. 1999;179:2346.
11. Smith N, Sabin C, Gopal R, Bourboulia D, Labbet W, Boshoff C, et al. Serologic evidence of human herpesvirus 8 transmission by homosexual but not heterosexual sex. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:6006.
12. Katano H, Iwasaki T, Baba N, Terai M, Mori S, Iwamoto A, et al. Identification of anti-genic proteins encoded by human herpesvirus 8 and seroprevalence in the general population and among patients with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. J Virol. 2000;74: 347885.
13. Perna AM, Bonura F, Vitale F, Viviano E, Di Benedetto MA, Ajello F, et al. Antibodies to human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8) in general population and in individuals at risk for sexually transmitted diseases in Western Sicily. Int J Epidem. 2000;29:1759.
14. Ziegler J, Newton R, Bourboulia D, Casabonne D, Beral V, Mbidde E, et al. Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma: a case-control study of HIV-seronegative people in Uganda. Int J Cancer. 2003;103:23340.
15. Keller R, Zago A, Viana MC, Bourboulia D, Desgranges C, Casseb J, et al. HHV-8 infection in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001;34: 87986.
16. Goudsmit J, Renwick N, Dukers N, Coutinho R, Heisterkamp S, Bakker M, et al. Human herpesvirus 8 infections in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (19841997): analysis of seroconversions to ORF65 and ORF73. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:483843.
17. Manns A, Strickler H, Hanchard B, Manassaram D, Waters D, Ablashi D. Age- and sex-specific seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 in Jamaica. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90:11024.
Manuscript received 20 June 2003. Revised version accepted for publication 30 January 2004.
Suggested citation Kourí V, Eng SM, Rodríguez ME, Resik S, Orraca O, Moore PS, Chang Y. Seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in various populations in Cuba. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004; 15(5):3205.
* Send correspondence to: Vivian Kourí, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Virology Department, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, Km 6, La Lisa, P.O. Box 601, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba; e-mail: vkouri@ ipk.sld.cu; fax: 53 7 204 6051
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HORIZON BLOG: Research and innovation in the next EU budget
Alternative to Erasmus+ needed for exchanges with the UK, universities say
Commission issues recommendations for the Bulgarian research ecosystem
Science|Business Reporting
The European Commission is working on a new proposal for its 2021-2027 multiannual budget, which is to be paired with a recovery plan aimed at helping the EU come out of the looming recession set in motion by the coronavirus pandemic.
Here, we gather the latest news and reactions to how the EU is planning to fund its research and innovation programmes during the difficult period ahead.
Tips are welcome at [email protected].
13:17 CET, 24 September 2020
Leuven named European Capital of Innovation 2020
The Belgian city of Leuven is the European Capital of Innovation 2020 and will receive a €1 million cash prize recognising its achievements, the commission announced at this year’s EU Research and Innovation Days.
Leuven is awarded for nurturing excellent innovation concepts and creating a governance model enabling ideas to come to life. To learn more about Leuven’s model for cultivating innovation, read our report.
EIC supported start-ups raise €5.3 billion in follow-up investment
Start-ups that received funding from the European Investment Council (EIC) have so far raised €5.3 billion in funding from follow-up private investments, according to a new report on the EIC's impact on the EU’s innovation ecosystem.
The EIC pilot was launched in 2017 with a budget of €1.3 billion dedicated to investing in European deeptech start-ups. The EIC provides both grants and equity investments to promising SMEs, the latter of which de-risk investments in promising start-ups, allowing private investors to step in at a lesser risk.
The report also found that the EIC made progress in supporting female innovators and advancing the EU’s sustainable development goals, with over 90 per cent of companies contributing to green growth.
Starting from 2021, the EIC will run as a separate EU agency with the help of programme managers who will manage project portfolios in different fields. Two new programme managers will join the EIC on 1 October: Antonio Pantaleo will focus on bioenergy projects and Francesco Matteucci will manage the portfolio for green energy.
ERC grantee network to launch by end of the year
The 10,000 grantees of the EU’s fundamental research funding agency, the European Research Council (ERC), will come together in an association set to be launched by the end of this year, its founders announced today at the EU Research and Innovation Days meeting.
The Association of the ERC Grantees will have three core goals: building a community of 10,000 scientists, sharing the results of their work with policymakers and the public, and helping other researchers to submit their applications to the ERC.
The new association will function as a Belgian non-profit and be governed by eighteen elected board members. The first board will be made up of the founding members of the association and led by President Axel Cleeremans, a professor in cognitive science and a research director at Belgium’s National Fund for Scientific Research.
Leading innovators awarded at Research and Innovation Days 2020
Europe’s leading female, breakthrough and most impactful innovators were awarded cash prizes of up to €100,000 in an award ceremony today at this year’s EU Research and Innovation Days meeting.
The winners of the EU Prize for Women Innovators are Madiha Derouazi, the CEO of a Swiss developer of therapeutic cancer vaccines, Amal Therapeutics; Maria Fátima Lucas, the CEO of Zymvol Biomodeling, a Portuguese company developing industrial enzymes by applying molecular modelling; and Arancha Martínez, the managing director of It Will Be, a Spanish company that helps tackle poverty through innovation. Each female innovator will be awarded a €100,000 cash prize.
In the Rising Innovator category dedicated to entrepreneurs under the age of 35, Josefien Groot, the CEO of a Qlayers, a Dutch developer of microstructures that boost the efficiency of wind turbines, will receive a €50,000 cash prize for her achievements.
The European Commission also gave special awards to Horizon 2020-funded projects that had the most societal impact in the second edition of the Horizon Impact Award. Five projects that help reduce airline’s CO2 emissions, improve the quality of life for children with heart failure, preserve threatened species in the Southern Ocean and digitally translate historical handwritten documents will each receive an award of €10,000.
Together with this year’s winners, the commission also rewarded one of last year’s winners that could not receive the award at the time: a Dutch-led research project developing a humidification system that helps prolong the shelf-life of fruit and veg without using plastic packaging, FRESH-DEMO.
EIT supported start-ups may get easier access to EIC grants
Tech start-ups supported by the the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) may soon be able to enjoy easier access to the European Innovation Council's (EIC) Accelerator grants, said Marja Makarow, a member of the EIC advisory board and the director of Biocenter Finland.
Speaking at the European Commission’s Research and Innovation Days, Makarow said this is one of the potential measures currently being discussed by a joint advisory group meant to help develop deeper synergies between the EU’s two programmes helping SMEs bring innovative solutions to the market.
Other potential measures include co-investing in start-ups and familiarising EIC programme managers, who manage the EIC’s investment portfolios, with the work of the EIT KICs to help them find synergies between the two EU innovation agencies.
Commission to launch €1 billion Horizon 2020 call for green R&I projects
Tomorrow, the European Commission will launch its last and biggest €1 billion Horizon 2020 call for projects aiming to help the EU respond to the climate crisis and help protect Europe’s biodiversity.
Announced a day after the President of the Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, set out more ambitious climate targets for 2030, the new call will aim to address climate change challenges with fewer than usual but more targeted and larger short to medium-term projects that can have long-term impact.
Proposed projects should address one of following areas:
Increasing climate ambition,
Clean, affordable and secure energy,
Industry for a clean and circular economy,
Energy and resource efficient buildings,
Sustainable and smart mobility,
Farm to fork,
Biodiversity and ecosystems,
Zero-pollution, toxic-free environments.
The deadline for project proposals is 26 January 2021. Selected projects will start in autumn next year. More information about the call for projects will be announced at the European Research and Innovation Days next week.
Education ministers to discuss the European Skills Agenda this morning
At an informal council meeting today, education ministers will discuss the European Skills Agenda together with Nicolas Schmit, the EU’s jobs and social rights commissioner.
The European Skills Agenda, launched by the European Commission in July, is a five-year plan aiming to help Europeans develop the right skills for the changing ways in which we work in light of the EU’s digital and green transformations.
To compliment the commission’s paper, the German Presidency will present a discussion paper on vocational education and training, based on which, the ministers will discuss the prospective Osnabrück declaration aimed at reaffirming Europe’s commitment to ensuring citizens have the right skills for a climate neutral and digital Europe.
According to the German Presidency’s programme, the declaration will be an agreement by EU member states and partners to strengthen vocational and education training and “achieve equivalence between vocational and academic education, easing the transfer between academic and vocational education and intensifying cross-border cooperation.”
Germany’s research and education minister, Anja Karliczek, said she would like the declaration to be signed in the next meeting of the EU’s education ministers in November. “The goal is to achieve the quick realisation of improved vocational training cooperation in Europe,” she said.
EU to establish ‘a European BARDA’ to fight emerging diseases, commission president announces
The EU will create an agency for biomedical research and development as part of the EU‘s health crisis preparedness plans, announced European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in her first State of the Union address.
The equivalent of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) in the US, the new agency will be tasked to protect the EU from emerging health threats.
“This new agency will support our capacity and readiness to respond to cross-border threats and emergencies – whether of natural or deliberate origin,” said von der Leyen.
The commission is yet to reveal more detailed plans or a timeline for the creation of the agency which, once the plans are presented, will have to be endorsed by EU policymakers to come to fruition.
COVID-19 crisis taught us the importance of technology sovereignty, says MEP Katarina Barley
The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated that Europe must foster its own digital technologies to be able to weather future crises, said MEP Katarina Barley at an event ahead of the European Commission President’s State of the Union address tomorrow morning.
“The main point we learnt from the coronavirus crisis is that we need to invest more in the digital world because we need more companies in Europe who are competent in this field,” said Barley.
At the online event organised by the European Parliament ahead of the debate of the State of the EU on Wednesday, MEPs discussed the EU’s priorities and answered questions from citizens.
Ten projects shortlisted for Horizon Impact Award 2020
The European Commission today shortlisted 10 projects for the second edition of the Horizon Impact Award, a prize dedicated to most influential and impactful Horizon 2020-funded projects.
The jury will now select five winners to receive a €10,000 award each at the award ceremony in Brussels on 23 September during the European Research and Innovation Days.
The list of shortlisted projects can be found here.
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Trinity College Dublin's CONNECT research centre launches €2M ‘Open Ireland’ to accelerate telecoms research
COVID-19 vaccine trial will continue after volunteer death
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UK-EU research deal at a glance
UK excluded from European Innovation Council fund, Brexit treaty confirms
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Aalto University granted €15.4M for AI-driven healthcare, co-innovating circular systems and more
14 Jan 2021 | Aalto University
University of Eastern Finland secures €9.1M of funding to strengthen its research
14 Jan 2021 | University of Eastern Finland
The Guild's Vice-Presidents discuss priorities for the new European Research Area
Pfizer invests $120M in four biotechnological innovation companies
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How to Talk to Your Tweens About Their Online Footprint
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Who’s Looking? What Parents Need to Know About the Look App
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“This remarkable journey into mythology brings the ancient gods directly and viscerally into the present. Circe is a perfect mashup of elegant language, glorious storytelling, and exquisitely modern sensibilities. Miller's telling left me awed and moved by Circe and her story, all while wishing I could invite her over for a glass of wine on the porch. How this amazing author so perfectly melds the human and the divine, creating a story both immediate and epic, is dazzling.”
— Beth Albrecht, The Magic Tree Bookstore, Oak Park, IL
"A bold and subversive retelling of the goddess's story," this #1 New York Times bestseller is "both epic and intimate in its scope, recasting the most infamous female figure from the Odyssey as a hero in her own right" (Alexandra Alter, The New York Times).
In the house of Helios, god of the sun and mightiest of the Titans, a daughter is born. But Circe is a strange child -- not powerful, like her father, nor viciously alluring like her mother. Turning to the world of mortals for companionship, she discovers that she does possess power -- the power of witchcraft, which can transform rivals into monsters and menace the gods themselves.
Threatened, Zeus banishes her to a deserted island, where she hones her occult craft, tames wild beasts and crosses paths with many of the most famous figures in all of mythology, including the Minotaur, Daedalus and his doomed son Icarus, the murderous Medea, and, of course, wily Odysseus.
But there is danger, too, for a woman who stands alone, and Circe unwittingly draws the wrath of both men and gods, ultimately finding herself pitted against one of the most terrifying and vengeful of the Olympians. To protect what she loves most, Circe must summon all her strength and choose, once and for all, whether she belongs with the gods she is born from, or the mortals she has come to love.
With unforgettably vivid characters, mesmerizing language, and page-turning suspense, Circe is a triumph of storytelling, an intoxicating epic of family rivalry, palace intrigue, love and loss, as well as a celebration of indomitable female strength in a man's world.
#1 New York Times Bestseller -- named one of the Best Books of the Year by NPR, the Washington Post, People, Time, Amazon, Entertainment Weekly, Bustle, Newsweek, the A.V. Club, Christian Science Monitor, Refinery 29, Buzzfeed, Paste, Audible, Kirkus, Publishers Weekly, Thrillist, NYPL, Self, Real Simple, Goodreads, Boston Globe, Electric Literature, BookPage, the Guardian, Book Riot, Seattle Times, and Business Insider.
Madeline Miller was born in Boston and attended Brown University where she earned her BA and MA in Classics. She lives in Narbeth, PA with her husband and two children. The Song of Achilles was awarded the Orange Prize for Fiction and has been translated into twenty-five languages.
Winner of the 2019 Indie Choice Award
Shortlisted for the 2019 Women's Prize for Fiction
Named one of the 'Best Books of 2018' by NPR, The Washington Post, Buzzfeed, People, Time, Amazon,Entertainment Weekly, Bustle, Newsweek, the A.V. Club, Christian Science Monitor, Southern Living,and Refinery 29.
"Circe,' [is] a bold and subversive retelling of the goddess's story that manages to be both epic and intimate in its scope, recasting the most infamous female figure from the Odyssey as a hero in her own right."
—Alexandra Alter, New York Times
"One of the most amazing qualities of this novel [is]: We know how everything here turns out - we've known it for thousands of years - and yet in Miller's lush reimagining, the story feels harrowing and unexpected. The feminist light she shines on these events never distorts their original shape; it only illuminates details we hadn't noticed before."
—Ron Charles, Washington Post
"[Miller] gives voice to Circe as a multifaceted and evolving character...'Circe' is very pleasurable to read, combining lively versions of familiar tales and snippets of other, related standards with a highly psychologized, redemptive and ultimately exculpatory account of the protagonist herself."
—Claire Messud, New York Times Book Review
"The story of Circe's entanglement with Odysseus lasts far beyond the narrative of "The Odyssey," making for compelling material to revisit. But ultimately it's as a character that Circe stands apart....Through her elegant, psychologically acute prose, Miller gives us a rich female character who inhabits the spaces in between."
—Colleen Abel, Minneapolis Star Tribune
"Miller's lush, gold-lit novel - told from the perspective of the witch whose name in Greek has echoes of a hawk and a weaver's shuttle - paints another picture: of a fierce goddess who, yes, turns men into pigs, but only because they deserve it."
"so vivid, so layered, you could get lost in it... Whether or not you think you like Greek Mythology, this is just great storytelling. It feels cinematic."
—NPR's Here & Now
"Miller's spell builds slowly, but by the last page you'll be in awe. In prose of dreamlike simplicity, she reimagines the myth of Circe."
"Miller, with her academic bona fides and born instinct for storytelling, seamlessly grafts modern concepts of selfhood and independence to her mystical reveries of smoke and silver, nectar and bones."
"This telling, in the sorceress's own words, is not the version we think we know."
—New York Times 'T Magazine'
"Miller gives voice to a previously muted perspective in the classics, forging a great romance from the scraps left to us by the ancients....Circe is, instead, a romp, an airy delight, a novel to be gobbled greedily in a single sitting."—Aida Edemariam, Guardian
"In Madeline Miller's "Circe" - the gorgeous and gimlet-eyed follow-up to her Orange Prize-winning first novel, "The Song of Achilles" - the goddess is young and romantic enough at the start to feel a tiny bit let down that she's not shackled to a rock like her uncle, Prometheus, getting her liver pecked out each day."
—Laura Collins-Hughes, Boston Globe
Ambitious in scope, Circe is above all the chronicle of an outsider woman who uses her power and wits to protect herself and the people she loves, ultimately looking within to define herself. Readers will savor the message of standing against a hostile world and forging a new way."—Shelf Awareness
"A retelling of ancient Greek lore gives exhilarating voice to a witch... [Circe is] a sly, petulant, and finally commanding voice that narrates the entirety of Miller's dazzling second novel....Readers will relish following the puzzle of this unpromising daughter of the sun god Helios and his wife, Perse, who had negligible use for their child....Expect Miller's readership to mushroom like one of Circe's spells. Miller makes Homer pertinent to women facing 21st-century monsters."
"An epic spanning thousands of years that's also a keep-you-up-all-night page turner."
—Ann Patchett, author of Commonwealth
"With lyric beauty of language and melancholy evocative of Keats' "Ode on a Grecian Urn", CIRCE asks all the big questions of existence while framing them in the life story of the famous goddess who had the magic of transformations. A veritable Who's Who of the gods of Olympus and the heroes of ancient Greece, Circe knows them all and we see them through her perceptive eyes. This is as close as you will ever come to entering the world of mythology as a participant. Stunning, touching, and unique."
—Margaret George, author of The Confessions of Young Nero
"Circe bears its own transformative magic, a power enabled by Miller's keen eye for beauty, adventure, and reinvention. Through the charms of a misfit heroine, the world of gods becomes stunningly alive, and the world of our own humanity--its questions, loves, and bonds--is illuminated. This book is an immense gift to anyone who reads to find their own bravery and quest."
—Affinity Konar, author of Mischling
"Madeline Miller, master storyteller, conjures Circe glowing and alive - and makes the Gods, nymphs and heroes of ancient Greece walk forth in all their armored splendor. Richly detailed and written with such breathtaking command of story, you will be held enchanted. A breathtaking novel."
—Helen Simonson, author of The Summer Before the War and Major Pettigrew's Last Stand
"Circe is the utterly captivating, exquisitely written, story of an ordinary, and extraordinary, woman's life"—Eimear McBride, author of A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing
"Written with power and grace, this enchanting, startling, gripping story casts a spell as strong and magical as any created by the sorceress Circe."
—Mary Doria Russell, author of Epitaph
"Madeline Miller's re-imagining of the witch Circe from The Odyssey makes for an intriguing, feminist adventure novel that is perfectly suited for the #TimesUp moment. Circe is also a smart read that has much to say about the long-term consequences of war and a culture that values violence and conquest over compassion and learning...Miller mines intriguing details from the original tale to imagine a rich backstory for Circe that allows readers to re-visit the world of Olympians and Titans in Greek mythology. From the court of the Titans, the reader meets Circe's parents, the god Helios and nymph Perse, and is introduced to a world of supernatural power players that is every bit as back-biting, gossip-filled and vicious as any episode of House of Cards."
—May-Lee Chai, Dallas News
"'Circe' is a sentence-by-sentence miracle";
—Michigan Daily
Publisher: Back Bay Books
Fiction / War & Military
Hardcover (Spanish) (May 15th, 2019): $29.99
Paperback, Large Print (October 16th, 2019): $17.99
Compact Disc (April 10th, 2018): $100.99
Hardcover (Korean) (May 28th, 2020): $45.90
Book Launch: THE EFFORT by Claire Holroyde
Book Launch: MANY POINTS OF ME by Caroline Gertler
Book Launch: IN THE JAWS OF THE CROCODILE by Emil Draitser
Shakespeare & Co. | 939 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10065 | (212) 772-3400
Copyright ©2020 Shakespeare & Co.
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Have Questions? Talk To An Advisor 619.713.7271
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October 26, 2015 SD Virtual School
Every parent wants to see their child succeed, which is why choosing the best high school to meet your child’s needs is one of the biggest decisions you’ll face as a parent. There are many good schools in San Diego, but not all schools offer individualized learning opportunities. When choosing a high school to foster your child’s educational growth, there are many important factors to consider prior to making your final decision.
Individualized Learning Opportunities
Every child learns differently and at their own pace. Choose a school that accommodates your child’s unique learning abilities through a structured environment. Schools that offer individualized learning opportunities, such as hands-on learning or auditory learning, will better suit your child to encourage their success in high school.
Course Diversity
Often, high schools maintain a fairly standard approach to academics, which often limits the courses offered to only include general education. Students perform better in school when they are able to take courses that meet their specific interests, such as interesting electives.
Extracurricular activities play a large role in a student’s success. In fact, research proves that students who participate in extracurricular activities are three times as likely to perform higher in math and reading assessments when compared to nonparticipants. See if this is something that fits into your child’s specific interests.
Students need one-on-one support from teachers to help keep their academics on track. Choose a school that has a low teacher-to-student ratio to ensure your child has the one-on-one attention they need to thrive. With a high level of teacher support, students are more likely to reach their full potential.
High school sets the foundation for the remainder of your child’s academic future, which is why it’s important to select the best high school for your child. Although there are a lot of good schools in San Diego, choosing a school isn’t a one-size fits all situation. Students need a customized approach to education with the full support of credentialed teachers, like the tailored programs offered at San Diego Virtual School. Our approach to individualized learning and diverse opportunities provide students with the academic experience they need to graduate.
“Extracurricular Participation and Student Engagement” National Center for Education Statistics
What to Look for when Searching for a New High School was last modified: October 26th, 2015 by SD Virtual School
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Topic Telecom networks
Problem solve Get help with specific problems with your technologies, process and projects.
Building revenue-increasing telecom services for the future
Telecom service providers are facing a decline of 50% or more in the revenue they make per bit, which means they have to unlock the value of the network using IMS and SOA to expand into new and profitable services.
Tom Nolle, CIMI Corporation
Editor's Note: This article is the first in a three-part series on the future of telecom services, with an emphasis...
on how service providers can position themselves to get the full value of their network investment, as well as how to roll out new services and applications that will increase their revenue. In the coming weeks, author Tom Nolle will address the role of IMS and SOA, and symbiotic service models for the telecom service transformation.
With telecom service providers' revenue per bit falling at 50% or more per year, network operators are clearly being forced to consider expanding their repertoire of services to something beyond basic voice connectivity. The launching of the Internet as a consumer phenomenon in the 1990s demonstrated that non-voice services could be sold to the mass market, but it also created a framework whereby over-the-top players could exploit access and network infrastructure. Providers need some way to unlock the full value of their investment in the network and also expand into new and profitable applications and services.
Modern network design has morphed the old "Advanced Intelligent Network" voice model of interconnected switches into a three-layer structure:
The network or data plane, which actually carries user traffic.
The signaling plane, where service requests (including, but not limited to, connection requests) are made.
The application plane, where software applications that provide service features and behaviors reside.
This modern structure can be seen in the way a VoIP application would be built today using SIP elements including the underlying IP network, session border controllers and SIP servers. In fact, any telecommunications service can be built on this model, but this is as much a risk as a benefit.
The value of service resources and the value of the knowledge of user behavior across multiple services, cannot be fully exploited if each service is an independent silo. Siloed services, even using modern architecture, also risk diluting the value of IP convergence by creating multiple independent application layers on top of a single IP infrastructure.
Creating a services ecosystem
Optimizing revenue means optimizing ARPU, and clearly that can't be done effectively without an ecosystemic view of services. A service set targeting a customer population has to be created by not only a single infrastructure but also a single set of application and signaling facilities, allowing service features to be composed from a set of tools available to any service, wireline or wireless, and targeting any customer need.
The industry has responded to this obvious requirement in two ways. First, the set of standards developed first for open mobile communications worldwide by the Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) was extended to include the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). IMS has since been adopted by ETSI and the ITU and has also been extended to embrace not only mobile services but also fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) and even pure wireline services. Second, a set of software standards designed to create an open and flexible application structure, called service-oriented architecture (SOA), was developed to guide software development of all types.
Optimizing revenue means optimizing ARPU, and clearly that cannot be done effectively without an ecosystemic view of services.
Tom Nolle
CIMI Corp.
IMS and SOA are sometimes viewed as competitive, but in fact, nearly all IMS implementations will use SOA, and many SOA applications for service providers will also include IMS. The two actually serve compatible, related, but not always congruent goals. IMS defines a service architecture wherein a device set that obeys standard signaling principles can request services from any network, regardless of the identity of the network operator that has supplied the device, and have the proper billing and application security processes assured in fulfilling the request.
Without IMS, users would risk having advanced services not roam from location to location as mobile services do today. They might also have to provide billing information for any service request made out of the home network—an obvious security risk. IMS also provides a standard way to link service requests to network resource requests so quality of service (QoS) can be assured, even when the service transits several different networks. Finally, IMS provides a standard way of linking signaling to applications to provide enhanced features, including content delivery.
SOA defines a software structure where functional elements ("services") can be invoked in a standardized way and thus can be composed into applications with a great deal of flexibility. New application features can be "discovered" from directories, and new services composed using simple tools and existing components. However, SOA does not ensure that all its "services" can be properly integrated into applications. Developers must still collaborate to use the correct interfaces and request the correct behaviors.
Whether a given service opportunity should be visualized as an SOA ecosystem, an IMS ecosystem, or a combination of the two will depend on a number of factors, including the target market, the service objectives, the existing service set and infrastructure, and the regulatory framework. The first step in service ecosystem planning is to assess these factors to set a broad approach. Remember that SOA will nearly always be used in IMS implementations at the application layer, so the primary question will be whether the ecosystem is built around SOA or around IMS, and then the extent and manner in which the other will be integrated.
IMS is strongly indicated as the core technology for the ecosystem if the service goals include the need to provide the services through multiple provider networks, either because of mobile roaming or FMC goals. IMS may also be very valuable as the core technology for services that will include "open" applications offered by third parties, because it includes facilities to validate these applications and control their behavior relative to both users and the network. IMS also offers direct billing integration for settlement.
SOA may be indicated as the core technology for the ecosystem that is substantially based on best-effort, Web-like delivery of information that does not require settlement with network partners, and where integration with billing and operations systems is not as important.
Remember that in all cases, SOA principles should be required in the development of applications, and in particular in the integration of software components from third parties or with other portions of the OSS/BSS software.
About the author: Tom Nolle is president of CIMI Corporation, a strategic consulting firm specializing in telecommunications and data communications since 1982. He is a member of the IEEE, ACM, Telemanagement Forum, and the IPsphere Forum, and the publisher of Netwatcher, a journal in advanced telecommunications strategy issues. Tom is actively involved in LAN, MAN and WAN issues for both enterprises and service providers and also provides technical consultation to equipment vendors on standards, markets and emerging technologies. Check out his SearchTelecom networking blog Uncommon Wisdom
This was last published in July 2008
Dig Deeper on Telecommunication networking
The fundamental differences between microservices and SOA
By: Tom Nolle
FAQ: Making API strategy, development and management decisions
By: Jan Stafford
Implementing SOA in the cloud
By: Michael Poulin
Understanding and using IMS SOAP Web services
By: Robert Crawford
What to Look for in a Mobile Thin Client –HPI
Partners Take On a Growing Threat to IT Security –Intel
Telecom business model transformation requires ... – SearchNetworking
IBM Introduces IMS version 10 – ComputerWeekly.com
Understanding and using IMS SOAP Web services – SearchDataCenter
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Visit with a Vet: Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative members honor 9/11 by helping each other
The Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative hosted a "Visit with a Vet" event to educate local veterans and their families on veteran benefits. September 11, 2019. Bobby Block / The Signal.
Eighteen years after the nation was forever changed by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, veterans gathered at a Valencia parking lot, socializing and helping one another at the inaugural Santa Clarita Visit with a Vet event.
In the event held in front of a shopping mall on the corner of McBean Parkway and Decoro Drive, close to 100 veterans, their families, friends and neighbors gathered to talk about the community services available, which was the idea behind the event in the first place, according to organizers from the event’s host, the Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative.
Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative Vice President David Jackson addresses the crowd during the 2019 “Thank a Vet” event. Bobby Block / The Signal.
“It’s all about collaboration and veterans coming together, talking (and) sharing ideas. Talking about different resources and things they’re aware of,” said David Jackson, vice president of the nonprofit.
Jackson said in addition to the positive energy during the information sharing, it was also important for the politicians to be out there and see how the community can rally behind the SCV troops.
“They see how this community embraces veterans. And, so when they’re making decisions at the federal, state or county level, they know that this community embraces veterans, and they listen to our veterans and our needs,” said Jackson, referring to the various county, state and federal officials who had representatives present.
One member of the Veteran Services Collaborative said he attended the 6 p.m. meeting because he wanted to make sure others don’t have to wait as long as he did to get the information about the resources out there.
An attendee speaks with representative from the Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative during the 2019 “Thank a Vet” event. Bobby Block / The Signal.
“The main thing with the collaborative is that it’s a resource center where … if a veteran with a disability comes out, there’s a veteran services officer that will help them with a claim,” said Ernesto Trevizo, a Marine Corps veteran who left the military in 2010. “There are a lot of volunteers that are very knowledgeable about real estate and food pantries. … Overall, this is making everybody aware of services the collaborative offers.”
In addition to helping with the Veterans Administration system and benefits for being a former service member, officials said the Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative can help with things such as education, housing and financial services, among others.
For more information about the Santa Clarita Veteran Services Collaborative, visit their website at http://www.scv-vets.org.
Residents impacted most by power shutoffs express concern over ongoing events
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A Review Of The Best Robots of 2009
2009 has been an amazing year in the world of robots and Singularity Hub is here to tell you all about it! Thats right, its time to unveil our second annual roundup of the best robots of the year. In 2009 robots continued their advance towards world domination with several impressive breakouts in areas such as walking, automation, and agility, while still lacking in adaptability and reasoning ability. It will be several years until robots can gain the artificial intelligence that will truly make them remarkable, but in the meantime they are still pretty awesome. If you haven’t seen it yet you won’t want to miss our best robots of 2008 story from last year, but now lets not delay any further and get on with the best robots of 2009:
Industrial/Manufacturing Robots
Nextage, the latest humanoid robot from Kawada, and the Motoman SDA 10 both put on impressive manufacturing demonstrations this year in the videos below. When watching the videos it is easy to see why factory workers should be terrified for their job security. The robots demonstrate agility with their hands, the ability to work together, and the ability to divide portions of a complex task amongst themselves. As with all robots these days, these humanoid manufacturing robots are superior to humans in strength, endurance, and dependability, but seem ill equipped to adapt to changing situations that have not been anticipated ahead of time. And yet the path is clear – these robots will get even more capable and adaptable with each passing year. Factory workers look out!
Of course for most industrial applications humanoid robots are not needed. In these cases the humans aren’t losing their jobs…they have already lost them. Across the globe humans have been replaced and improved with countless incredible robots that are designed to perform one type of task with repetition and speed that is simply beyond human. One of our favorite examples of robotic manufacturing prowess is in the task of sorting and moving all manner of objects, from pancakes, to sausages, to screws and bolts. The flexpicker is one of our favorites in this category. Check it out:
The flexpicker is not the only player in the sorting game, nor is it even the undisputed champ. Late in 2009 Adept Technology claimed that its Quattro s650 was the world’s fastest sorting/packing robot on the planet. Watch this workhorse in action below:
When it comes to industrial robots, it isn’t always about speed. Sometimes the name of the game is agility, range of motion, and versatility. In such cases, the 2009 debut of ABB’s IRB120 was a powerful entrant to the field, offering the versatility of a human arm, but with the strength and endurance for repetition that we expect from robots. The IRB120 is “ABB’s smallest ever multipurpose industrial robot weighing just 25kg and capable of handling a payload of 3kg (4kg for vertical wrist) with a reach of 580mm.” See this robotic wonder below:
Lest you think industrial robots are destined to remain hidden behind the relatively closed doors of manufacturing facilities, witness perhaps my favorite robot demonstration of the year – robotic chefs in a Japanese raman noodle restaurant! The robots are fully autonomous, taking a customer order and cooking it from start to finish. This includes boiling the noodles, pouring broth, adding spices and toppings, and so on. The orders are complex too, requiring the robots to take customer preference for amount and type of sauce, salt, noodle, and so on. The finished product is handed off to a human server who brings the food to the customer’s table. The irony could not be more real as we witness the lowly human in the role of a mere server while the robot takes on the cooking:
With such awesome capabilities in tow, we shouldn’t be surprised that these robots (or at least their human creators) exhibit an urge to show off from time to time. In October 2009 ABB Robotics stunned us with its “Fanta Challenges” where ABB robots move metal rods in between six packs of Fanta soda cans at a blistering pace with only 1 millimeter of clearance between the metal rod and the cans. The feat would already be impressive if the 6 pack of cans was stationary, but then ABB ups the ante by putting the cans on a tray and programming another robot to rapidly move the tray around. Don’t miss the video below:
In the world of humanoid robots, 2009 was a bumper year with some outstanding demonstrations from multiple efforts around the world. By far our favorite humanoid demonstration of the year comes from robotic phenom Boston Robotics and its latest robot dubbed Petman. In the video below, watch in awe as the humanoid Petman robot conquers the treadmill in classic human style:
Right on the heels of Petman was the Dexter humanoid robot from Anybots, just up the street from Hub Headquarters in Silicon Valley. Dexter can remain stable on its two legs as it jumps, walks, and is even kicked by nearby human. Pretty sweet:
A surprising entrant into the humanoid robot field this year came from Toyota as part of its now multi-year partner robot effort. The Toyota robot to our knowledge is the fastest large scale humanoid robot on the planet right now with an ability to run at an impressive 7 Km/hr (4 mph). Check out this running humanoid in action below:
Willow Garage made waves in the world of humanoid robots, not just for creating a robot, but more importantly for creating an open source platform upon which the entire world can build robots of the future. In 2009 Willow Garage announced that it had achieved its second major milestone: getting a robot to navigate it’s way around their labs, identifying and plugging itself into electrical outlets. The Personal Robot mark 2 (PR2) wandered around the labs, opening doors, and plugging in to 9 different outlets and identifying one that was unreachable. See below:
Although most of the robots we cover seem to come from Japan and the US, Europe held its own this year with progress from their Justin humanoid robot program. Justin is a collaboration between the University of Napoli and the German Space Agency, DLR under a European project called Physical Human-Robot Interaction: Dependability and Safety. The Justin robot features software algorithms that allows the hands and arms to dynamically react to their environment and to each other to avoid collision and complete tasks:
The ASIMO robot has consistently been a perennial player in the humanoid robotics genre, and 2009 was not exception. At Carnegie Mellon, researchers were able to teach ASIMO to dynamically navigate around cut out shapes that represented real-world barriers. Able to dodge spinning blades, Frogger-like moving lines, and dynamic environments, ASIMO showed us again why its one of the top humanoid bots out there:
Random Other Awesome Robots
The Blob Bot from iRobot defnitely stacks up as one of the more interesting robots of the year. Keeping in tune with several scifi visions from past and present, the blob bot is a first generation attempt at creating a robot that can morph itself to slip through cracks or even resemble other objects. The blob bot is built of a shell of many jammable silicone sacs with a central fluid reservoir in the center. By controlling pressure in each sac and the center reservoir, the blob can expand and contract in order to change shape and flop around. This robot is nowhere near to becoming anything more than a novel prototype for now, but still it deserves an honorable mention for breaking some exciting ground. A true solution to this type of robot will likely use some sort of nanotechnology, and would thus appear to be decades away from realization:
Another interesting robot this year was the DASH robot from UC Berkeley. DASH or Dynamic Autonomous Sprawled Hexapod is a six legged robot made from cardboard and polymer. It’s the size of your open hand, weighs just 16 grams, can run up to 1.5 m/s, and survives falls of 28 meters without damage! This cockroach bot is really something to behold:
The stickybot from Stanford has been around for a number of years, but in 2009 the gecko inspired wall climbing robot underwent its third revision and is now more capable than ever. The robot looks almost exactly like a gecko and the adhesive on its padded feet are derived from the tiny hairs the lizards use to cling. The dry adhesive technique uses micro-hairs and intramolecular (van der waals) forces to stick bot to wall.
iRobot impressed us earlier this year with video footage of a pocket sized robotic scout it has been building for the army. The robotic scout is small and able to conquer rugged terrain. By itself the robot doesn’t look like much, but it doesn’t take much imagination to envision the power of a fleet of hundreds or thousands of these things taking video, picking up samples, planting bombs, and generally wreaking havoc in enemy or even civilian territory.
http://c.brightcove.com/services/viewer/federated_f9?isVid=1&isUI=1
Although the robots themselves are fairly simple, MIT’s creation of robotic gardeners is so cool that they have earned their way into our roundup of the year’s best robots. MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is pioneering the field of automated farming. During a semester long experiment, CSAIL’s researchers created a laboratory farm: tomato plants in terra cotta pots with artificial turf for grass. The goal of the experiment: to see if these tomatoes could be grown, tended, and harvested by robot caretakers. Enjoy the video below:
The HRP-4C showed in 2009 that robots can be useful AND look good while doing it by wowing the world with its female manga style hottie robot. Of course there are no technical barriers to making robots look more human, but nevertheless robot makers rarely try to make their creations look too human, perhaps in respect to human fear of the uncanny valley. Even in the case of the HRP-4C, we hear that the creators intentionally limited how lifelike their robot hottie would look. The positive and overwhelming press that this robot received, however, should serve as a sign to robot creators that the public is indeed ready to see more lifelike robots.
Well, that ends our roundup of the best robots of 2009. There are dozens of other awesome robots that didn’t make the cut and certainly a few have somehow evaded our radar. Feel free to post links to other great robots in the comments. In the meantime, my cyborg implant is telling me that some awesome robots are going to come out of the gate first thing in 2010, so why not follow our RSS feed and stay tuned for more!
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Is the Pandemic Spurring a Robot Revolution?
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CRISPR Pill May Be Key in Fight Against Antibiotic Resistance
Shelly Fan
Even since Alexander Fleming stumbled across penicillin—the first antibiotic drug—scientists knew our fight with evolution was on.
Most antibiotics work by blocking biological processes that allow bacteria to thrive and multiply. With prolonged, low-dosage use, however, antibiotics become a source of pressure that forces bacteria to evolve—and because these microorganisms are extremely adept at swapping and sharing bits of their DNA, when one member becomes resistant, so does most of its population.
Even more terrifying is this: because the same family of antibiotics generally act on the same biological pathways, when bacteria generate a mutation that resists one type of drug, it often renders that entire family of drugs useless.
The arms race with increasing high rates of antibiotic resistance has forced scientists to think outside the box. Although still a work in progress, teams of scientists are now working on a truly creative strategy: a pill carrying the genome-editing power tool CRISPR that instructs harmful bacteria to shred their own genes to bits.
In essence, scientists are returning CRISPR to its roots. While best known as a handy way to manipulate DNA in mice and humans, CRISPR is actually a part of the bacteria’s immune defense system.
Just like our immune systems can turn against ourselves, scientists are now hoping to give harmful bacteria a destructive autoimmune disease.
When optimized, a CRISPR pill could have the ability to precisely target single strains of harmful bacteria, while leaving other types—including beneficial bacteria in the gut—intact.
The slow and obsolete
First, the bad news: we’re rapidly losing our war on microbugs, and if things don’t change we’re heading full throttle into an antibiotic apocalypse.
Part of the bacteria’s survival prowess comes from their ability to rapidly multiply. Under the right conditions—a damp, nutrition-packed human cell, for example—the common gut bug E. Coli multiplies exponentially, doubling every thirty minutes. This gives their DNA plenty of chances to mutate and for the species to adapt.
What’s more, bacteria aren’t stingy about sharing their DNA. Antibiotic-resistant genes are often carried on snippets of genetic material that floats around in the bacteria’s innards. Microbugs can literally extend a tube out to their neighbors to inject these genetic pieces, thus sharing their resistant genes far and wide.
In what is likely the most chilling demonstration of antibacterial resistance in action, you can now watch a strain of bacteria become impervious to increasingly higher doses of an antibiotic—up to 1,000 times higher—in just 11 days.
Obviously, heaping larger and larger doses of drugs on already weak patients isn’t the solution. What we need isn’t stronger drugs, but smarter drugs.
Bacteria-virus warfare
Most of our current antibiotics work in one of few ways: interfering with the bacteria’s DNA repair system, stopping the bacteria’s ability to reproduce, or weakening the bacteria’s cell wall—something our cells don’t have—until it explodes.
“The downside of antibiotics is they are a sledgehammer that depletes and destroys the gut microbial community,” says Dr. Jan Peter van Pijkeren at the University of Madison-Wisconsin, who is working on CRISPR-based antibiotics. “You want to instead use a scalpel in order to specifically eradicate the microbe of interest.”
Phages are the white, bubble-like dots surrounding the larger round bacteria. Image Credit: Wikimedia
The new CRISPR pill eschews all traditional ideas, instead relying on the bacteria’s mortal enemy: a type of virus called bacteriophages (or, more endearingly, “phages”).
Like all viruses, phages can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they constantly invade bacteria and inject viral genomes into the hosts, hoping to co-opt bacterial machinery to make armies of phage replicas.
This onslaught of foreign genetic material has spurred bacteria into developing a sophisticated defense system. When bacteria detect viral DNA, they store bits and pieces of it into their own genome to form a genetic sequence that we call CRISPR—a molecular “memory” of the phage, so to speak.
When the bacteria detect a matching viral DNA sequence, they activate CRISPR and, together with a pair of protein scissors called Cas-9, the system destroys the viral DNA. Voila, invasion blocked.
CRISPR antibiotics
Scientists have found that the CRISPR system doesn’t cut the bacteria’s own DNA under normal circumstances; when it does, the result is lethal.
This spurred an ingenious idea: scientists could use phages to inject custom Trojan horses that trick the bacteria into cutting its own genes.
“The idea of CRISPR-based approaches is to enact sequence-specific antimicrobial activity, placing selective pressure against genes that are bad rather than conserved bacterial targets,” explains Dr. Timothy Lu at MIT.
Previously, Lu’s team successfully manufactured phages that carry DNA similar to antibiotic-resistant genes. Because the phage DNA was misdeemed a foreign invader, it spurred the bacteria’s CRISPR system into action, snipping away at its own genome and committing suicide.
Bacteria cells without the resistant gene didn’t sound their alarm bells, and in turn were spared and ended up dominating the population.
Similarly, van Pijkeren is working on a CRISPR pill that contains a phage harboring bits of genomic DNA of Clostridium difficile.
C. diff is an infection that is notoriously difficult to treat, causing long-term gastrointestinal distress in nearly half a million Americans in a single year, resulting in at least 15,000 deaths. The current best treatment—when antibiotics fail—is a fecal transplant from healthy donors, but the method is still considered experimental, and long-term effects are unclear (there is, of course, also the ick factor).
Because phages are readily chewed up in our stomach acid, van Pijkeren is working on packaging them up into Lactobacillus bacteria—a common probiotic often present in yogurt.
As an initial proof-of-concept step, the team has successfully engineered Lactobacillus bacteria to produce phages that target themselves. The next step, van Pijekeren explains, is to use these probiotics as “motherships” that travel the gut, dispensing phages along the way to infect any nearby C. diff, and tricking them into hacking up their own DNA.
“To…exploit these microbes to deliver therapeutics is very appealing because we know humans have been safely consuming them for thousands of years,” says van Pijkeren.
Promises aside, scientists already see several snags that might prevent the CRISPR pill from unleashing its full power.
Part of it is the delivery vehicle—the phage. Phages are rather particular about the types of bacteria they invade, and matching courier to target will require additional research.
Scientists also worry that if not all targeted bacteria are killed or if the process isn’t fast enough, some resilient members may evade the attack. Bacteria are also known to develop resistance to phage invasion—which means that if the treatment continues, selection pressure will push the population towards resistance.
But phages aren’t the only way to deliver CRISPR pills, and scientists are hopeful.
“The way I view it is not that we will be able to make an evolution-proof therapy, but that the genetic engineering tools will become more robust so that as evolution happens, we can rapidly develop countermeasures,” says Lu.
Banner Image Credit: Shutterstock
Shelly Xuelai Fan is a neuroscientist-turned-science writer. She completed her PhD in neuroscience at the University of British Columbia, where she developed novel treatments for neurodegeneration. While studying biological brains, she became fascinated with AI and all things biotech. Following graduation, she moved to UCSF to study blood-based factors that rejuvenate aged brains. She is the ...
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CBS Sports to televise ABB FIA Formula E World Championship live across USA from Season Seven
Adam Sinclair
Wednesday, Nov 18 519
Formula E and leading US broadcaster CBS today announced a new multi-year partnership to air the all-electric racing series live across various platforms from Season Seven.
A multi-year deal will see Formula E air live across CBS Sports platforms from the opening round of the 2020/21 ABB FIA Formula E World Championship in Santiago starting on January 16, 2021. The partnership brings over 60 hours of live race coverage to various CBS Sports platforms. For Formula E, the relationship signifies an important opportunity to grow the sport’s audience and brand in a key strategic market.
All of the 14 Formula E races scheduled on the Season Seven calendar will air live on CBS Sports platforms, each in a 90-minute programme. A minimum of two races, including the New York City E-Prix, will be broadcast on CBS Television Network. At least six more will be shown live on CBS Sports Network, as will a bespoke 1-hour preview show per race week. The remaining races, as well as all qualifying sessions, will be streamed on CBS Sports Digital platforms.
The USA is a priority market for Formula E and its ecosystem. Having raced in the United States every year since its inception, the ABB FIA Formula E Championship made history in 2017, when it introduced racing to the five boroughs of New York City. Formula E is also proud to have American racing teams BMW i Andretti Motorsport and DRAGON / PENSKE AUTOSPORT competing for the world title.
Formula E has more manufacturers on its grid than any other world class racing series and the USA is a critical market for many of those carmakers. The exposure that a media partnership with CBS provides will be vital for Formula E’s automotive partners launching electric road cars in years to come.
Plug in and follow the ABB FIA Formula E Championship on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok and YouTube. @FIAFormulaE #ABBFormulaE
« 2020 DIRTcar National Points Champions Shine Bright Jim Pace Remembered by Sports Car Racing Community »
Adam has been a race fan since the first time he went through the tunnel under the Daytona International Speedway almost 30 years ago. He has had the privilege of traveling to races all across the state of Florida (as well as one race in Ohio), watching nearly everything with a motor compete for fame and glory, as well as participating in various racing schools to get the feel of what racecar drivers go through every week.
Adam spent several years covering motorsports for Examiner.com., where he had the opportunity to see the racing world from behind the scenes as well as the grandstands. He invites everyone to follow him on Twitter, Facebook, and Google Plus, and looks forward to sharing his enthusiasm for all things racing with the readers of SpeedwayDigest.com.
Be sure to tune in for his sports talk program, Thursday Night Thunder, where he discusses the latest in motorsports news with drivers, crew members, and fans. The show takes place (almost) every Thursday at 8:00 pm EST on the Speedway Digest Radio Network.
Contact Adam: Email
Latest from Adam Sinclair
Grand Marshal, Honorary Starter Named for Rolex 24 At DAYTONA
Andretti Autosport retains decorated championship winner with DHL as primary sponsor
Want to Race a Corvette? Yes, We Do!
Toyota Yaris GR gets a big power upgrade by DTE System
Multi-Time Motocross Champion Ryan Dungey’s RD Coffee Introduces HOLESHOT Espresso Blend
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Rod Dreher, tripling down on the bigotry
First, Sarah Jones nails the racism behind his backing Trump's "shithole country" comments.
Specific to one issue he raises? Dreher knows and ignores — or else is incredibly ignorant — that Section 8-type housing in metropolitan areas was built on a history of redlining and segregation. It was often that way in its USDA rural equivalent in small Southern towns, for that matter.
Second, Dreher hangs himself in accusing the NYT of pseudoscience on transgender issues. The reality is that this is the same Religious Right "established science" bullshit on gender identity that Dan Patrick peddles.
None of this is new, of course.
I've made a semi-staple of writing blog posts about Dreher's various bigotries.
Here's the last before my current one, which itself contains links to him defending Paula Deen's cringeworthy comments and other things.
Beyond that, per Sarah Jones, it also notes how much of an elitist he is. That's even more laughable, given that he's written before about how troubling in some ways his visits back to childhood Louisiana are. He has noted some degree of family distance, without apparently wondering that his family might see him as an elitist. (From what I've read, I don't think they've got so much problem with his other stances.)
Dreher strikes me as a version of Andrew Sullivan, moved about three Overton Windows right.
Labels: Dreher (Rod)
at Friday, February 23, 2018 0 comments Posted by Gadfly Links to this post
Organizing against Trump — #IndivisibleTeam
has #TeaParty based ideas for suckers,
by Dem sheepdoggers (newly updated)
Sounds great, huh? Take some ideas that the Tea Party used to fight Obama, do a little intellectual judo, and use this new set to fight Trump? (They have a new Web version now, which is no better.)
Erm, not so fast, Cochise, or rather, not so fast Jeremy Haile and compadres. There's a bit more, and a bit less, to the situation than what you claim. Haile worked for Lloyd Doggett, so he KNOWS some of the things that I'm going to list below are true. Levin also worked for Doggett and I suspect that Angel Padilla has similar Texas connections. In other words, per items they list, and my responses below, they know better.
Time for a bit of additional sharp elbows. GovTrack ranks Doggett as less liberal than Eddie Bernice Johnson! Yoikes!
First, they don't tell you that Preznit Kumbaya, by continuing to sing from the Kumbaya playbook, helped shoot some of his own plans in his own foot.
Second, they don't tell you that Preznit Kumbaya was and is a neoliberal who, initial statements aside, hated people trying to "push him" from the left.
Third, they don't tell you that, even though a fair amount of the Tea Party movement did start at the grassroots, much of it became corporately co-opted by people like Dick "Dick" Armey.
There's more here, part of it as noted in a screengrab of I sent Haile.
And, that part about Eddie Bernice and Jelly is true, true, true. Sorry, folks.
Shit, in my current district, where I've not been for too, too, long, but way too long, my Congresscritter hasn't even had a staff member visit. Nor has he announced a visit of even a staff member to my town, or the nearest town of over 25K, in local media.
Speaking of local media, there's "issues" with Indivisible outposts, as noted below under Localization Problems
Update, April 5, 2017: I'm sure the "team" doesn't want the general #resist idea-makers wondering why the hell, nearly three months since they organized, their mentor, Doggett, per the graphic at right, has yet to sign on to John Conyers' "Medicare for All" HB 676 — Conyers' bill for single-payer national health care.
And, if you look at the graphic? Ted Cruz challenger Beto O'Rourke, and possible O'Rourke challenger Joaquin Castro, are both among non-supporters. So too is wasted space Eddie Bernice Johnson, the Texas House Dems' hot young gun Mark Veasey and others.
That's eight in all, or almost three-quarters of Texas 11 Democrats in the U.S. House. Guess the Indivisibles need to look inside themselves on this whole advocacy schtick.
As for grassroots advocacy stopping Obama? Nooo, he helped with that himself, not to mention the moneybags co-opting of most Tea Party groups.
Dear Leader undersold and underfunded his stimulus plan, and part of its projects weren't shovel-ready. TARP et al were used to insure banksters got money even on defaulted mortgages that were shite in the first place. The "quick rinse" bankruptcy for Ford and GM pissed off others. And, failure to put banksters through any sort of nationalization, or close to that pissed off yet more people from Dear Leader's left — the types of people he said he wanted to "push" him, then bitched when they did.
And, Larry, Moe and Curly above know that, too.
As for Tea Partiers pushing their own members in the GOP? Well, that's true.
When was the last time you saw a left-liberal Dem primary a Rahm Emanuel Blue Dog, though? Larry, Moe and Curly know that, too.
Claiming, in essence, for Congresscritters that there is no such thing as a "safe district" is even more laughable.
Besides, the authors undercut themselves by admitting that Congresscritters don't care about deep-thinking voters:
MoC Cares a Lot About
MoC Doesn’t Care Much About
Verified constituents from the district
(or state for Senators)
People from outside the district
Advocacy that requires effort - the more effort, the more they care. Calls, personal emails, and especially showing up in person in the district
Form letters, a Tweet, or Facebook comment (unless they generate widespread attention)
Local press and editorials, maybe national press
Wonky D.C.-based news (depends on MoC)
An interest group’s endorsement
Your thoughtful analysis of the proposed bill
Groups of constituents, locally famous individuals, or big individual campaign contributors
A single constituent
A concrete ask that entails a verifiable action - vote for a bill, make a public statement, etc
General ideas about the world
One single ask in your communication (letter, email, phone call, office visit, etc)
A laundry list of all the issues you’re concerned about.
Note No. 4 on the right-hand list:
(Member of Congress) doesn't care much about ... your thoughtful analysis of the proposed bill.
In other words, he/she allegedly, contra No. 3 on the right, DOES want something social-media like. BUT, they also contradict No. 2 on the "does like" side, to a degree. This would apply to groups as well as individuals.
(This also ignores using a "cutout" address within a Representative's district, or Senator's state, to get around the verification issue at the top of the left-hand side of the list. For former Congresscritter staffers, we don't have the brightest people in the book. That said, the whole piece looks like it's written at Citizen Engagement 101 level, if not remedial level.)
As for occupying a Congresscritter's office. mentioned elsewhere? Our Democratic snowflake sheepdoggers, if they don't know the answer, need to be told that someone as "librul" as Bernie Sanders will arrest you for trespassing. My soon-to-be-former Congresscritter, Gohmert Pyle, aka Louie Gohmert, would sure as hell arrest people in his quite safe, very non-swing, district, for that.
Update, Jan. 24: Ted Cruz's staff called the cops on people at his Houston office.
And, the sheepdoggers know that. (Update, Jan. 26: And Trump, taking a page from Cruz, has shut down the White House phone line. But, as this story notes, you can call his businesses instead.)
More naivete, or bullshit, follows in the next chart:
Labels: American myths, neoliberalism, Trump (Donald)
at Thursday, February 22, 2018 0 comments Posted by Gadfly Links to this post
No, shale oil has not refudiated #PeakOil
First, oil is a finite resource, contra a few Russian abiogenesis nutters. Therefore, even with perfect production techniques, we would hit a peak in production.
Second, don't believe the hype about shale oil.
Yes, we look to catch up to the US 1970 peak in production this year. We may pass it.
And it probably won't last that long.
For people who overhype the long-term prospects for shale oil (including, perhaps, some staff at the Houston Chronicle), this piece explains fully what I've said before. Shale wells look good because they have a high initial production — that drops off FAR more rapidly than older "conventional" wells.
The piece notes that the Bakken and Eagle Ford may well already be past peak, and that the Energy Information Agency may well be overtouting the Wolfcamp formation in the Permian. (What, the EIA overtout something? I'm shocked there's gambling in this room.)
The OilPrice piece also notes that modern fracking, when oil tapers off away from an area's sweet spot, may partially parallel multiple holes in the past. Go read the whole thing.
In other words, it's kind of like running electricity through 220 volt lines rather than 110, while only having 20 percent more amperage, not 100 percent.
Or, for a better analogy, from natural gas, here in Texas? As one commenter on that site notes, nobody talks about the Barnett Shale any more. The Marcellus is cheaper, richer and the Barnett has seen its best drilling already.
And, (linked at the piece), read the Post Carbon Institute's take on the EIA's rosy assumptions in general. Here's a good extract from early on:
More aggressive technology, coupled with longer horizontal laterals, allows each well to drain more reservoir area, but reduces the number of drilling locations and therefore does not necessarily increase the total recovery from a play—it just allows the resource to be recovered more quickly at lower cost from fewer wells.
Exactly. I've known that for years.
And visit the home site behind all this.
Is this more correct than the EIA's fluffing? Well, a previous Post Carbon Institute report a few years ago forced EIA to reduce its original fluffing on projected reserves in California's Monterey Shale by 96 percent.
David Hughes, the author of the Post Carbon piece above, was the person who also exposed the reality about Monterey:
Over the past decade, Hughes has researched, published and lectured widely on global energy and sustainability issues in North America and internationally. His work with Post Carbon Institute includes ... Drilling California (2013), which critically examined the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) estimates of technically recoverable tight oil in the Monterey Shale, which the EIA claimed constituted two-thirds of U.S. tight oil (the EIA subsequently wrote down its resource estimate for the Monterey by 96%); and Drilling Deeper (2014), which challenged the U.S. Department of Energy’s expectation of long-term domestic oil and natural gas abundance with an in-depth assessment of all drilling and production data from the major shale plays through mid-2014.
Yeah, it's more correct than the EIA and the EIA has admitted that.
So, don't believe the latest BS, and don't believe journalists who don't push back against EIA data.
It's possible that, at least in the Permian, fracking may peak in just 4 years.
Labels: fracking, Peak Oil
at Wednesday, February 21, 2018 0 comments Posted by Gadfly Links to this post
TX Progressives: Ready, get set, go vote
The Texas Progressive Alliance notes that early voting starts today.
Brains and Eggs has some early voting thoughts both for statewide and Harris County races.
Off the Kuff questions the assumption that Republicans have the advantage for November in Harris County.
It is understandable that the tragic events at Florida's Stoneman Douglas High School would dominate the current news cycle. As we continue to mourn with them AND stand with them in calls for action, it's also important to keep up with developments in our community as well. Texas Leftist shares news about the brave students of Houston's Austin High School, who protested the ICE detention of an undocumented classmate, just months shy of his graduation. Is it truly the priority of our Federal Law Enforcement to persecute high school students who have done nothing wrong?? #FreeDennis
Lewisville Texan Journal talks about an area Democratic debate.
SocraticGadfly has some First Amendment and other questions about the Mueller indictments.
Stace is still sad that the local rodeo doesn't have any Tejano Music on GoTejano day. But San Antonio is having one awesome music fest in March with the Tejano Music Awards Fan Fair Weekend. Because without Tex-Mex culture, politics is pretty boring.
Neil at All People Have Value said school shootings are an intended result of America's gun culture rather than an aberration. APHV is part of NeilAquino.com.
And here are some posts of interest from other Texas blogs.
Brene Brown speaks truth to bullshit on gun reform. (Not from this week, but it was getting shared a lot this week and is certainly on point, so.)
Jason Pittman and Anita Ledbetter explain how Trump's tariffs on solar panels will affect Texans.
Juanita passes along a couple of primary recommendations.
Texas expat Elise Hu prepares for the Year of the Dog.
Texas Vox lauds the closure of more coal-fired power plants.
Jim Schutze calls Ken Paxton a tool of Satan.
The Lunch Tray highlights a class difference in how parents treat junk food for their kids.
Paul Battaglio, Doug Goodman, and Meghna Sabharwal voice concerns about how nonprofits are handling sexual harassment allegations.
Labels: 2018 elections
at Tuesday, February 20, 2018 2 comments Posted by Gadfly Links to this post
Rabid #Hillbots and the name #JillStein
Jill Stein wasn't the best Green Party presidential candidate in 2016. I've said that many a time.
I've also repeatedly said the GP isn't as good of a third party of the left vehicle as it could be by any means
But, both are what they are, and Jill Stein was better than Hillary Clinton and the Green Party is better than the Democratic Party where available.
That's why it's fun to watch rabid Hillbots / Clintonistas go even more rabid whenever Jill Stein's name is mentioned. The Mueller indictments last Friday (my take here) plus Twitter's feed on Sunday, are the latest proof.
That's why it's more fun yet to troll the #ImWithHer / #StillWithHer folks to point out Cynthia McKinney 2008, Stein 2012, Stein 2016.
The Hillbots, as this shows, practice a certain tribalist version of feminism and the leader of the tribe is Hillary Rodham Clinton. Elizabeth Warren could have been seeking the Dem nomination instead of Hillary Clinton and her Dem primary backers would have been attacked just as much as Berniecrats.
Suck on it, Hillbots. You know it's true.
Besides, with all the paid trolls of David Brock, you're in no position to complain.
Labels: Clinton (Hillary), Clintonistas, Stein (Jill)
at Monday, February 19, 2018 0 comments Posted by Gadfly Links to this post
Organizing against Trump — #IndivisibleTeam has #T...
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Home Solar News FYI California Solar Grid Demo Earns Accolades
California Solar Grid Demo Earns Accolades
Joseph Bebon
The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) received a national regulatory award for its groundbreaking work in demonstrating that solar energy plants can offer power grid resiliency, opening new horizons for integrating large amounts of renewable resources into electric systems.
At its annual meeting and education conference in Baltimore, the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) recently recognized CAISO and its project partners: the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and vertically integrated solar company First Solar.
“These tests conducted by the ISO and its partners create vast opportunities for renewable energy plants to offer operating flexibility we once thought only possible with conventional resources,” says Steve Berberich, CEO of the grid operator, in a press release. “This could potentially be a watershed moment for the carbon-free power grid of the future, showing the ability of solar plants to provide grid reliability services. We are proud that NARUC recognized the importance of the study.”
NARUC’s program, “Innovation Awards: Promoting Innovation among Utility Regulatory Policy and Utilities,” fosters and honors work of NARUC members and utility innovators for creative solutions to regulatory issues. The program was established to track new trends and opportunities in diverse technologies, as well as to allow utility regulation to adapt and increase resilience.
Specifically, CAISO, NREL and First Solar won the award for “Utility Industry Innovative Pilots or Demonstration Projects.”
As previously reported, the testing, conducted on a utility-scale First Solar plant in August 2016, demonstrated that renewable energy plants with smart inverter technology can offer electric reliability services similar – or, in some cases, superior – to conventional power plants.
The 300 MW solar plant was tested for performance in three key areas: frequency control, voltage control, and ramping capability – all identified by federal regulators as essential for expanded integration of renewable resources onto the power grid, according to CAISO.
The grid operator says the demonstration is especially valuable to CAISO, as California has seen a dramatic rise in solar power generation, putting the operator at the forefront of reliably managing a greener grid.
To learn more about the grid study and CAISO’s related report, “Using Renewables to Operate a Low-Carbon Grid,” check out Solar Industry‘s previous coverage here.
CAISO Launches Monthly Renewables Performance Updates
SEIA Offers Guide On Home Solar Valuation
Global Survey: Majority Of People Support 100% Renewables
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HomeAudio and VideoConference TalksThe Pope, The Liturgy, and The Anglicans MP4
The Pope, The Liturgy, and The Anglicans MP4
CODE: SBC - 8.09.1
THIS IS A DOWNLOADABLE PRODUCT, NOT A CD.
By C. J. Doyle
Theme: Toward an Integral Catholic Culture: Variations on a Theme of Father Feeney
Title: The Pope, The Liturgy, and The Anglicans
This is a very informative presentation exploring the current open door that Pope Benedict is providing for traditional-minded Anglicans who have been seeking entrance, as ecclesial communities, into the Catholic Church. Although the extent of the movement to unity has increased and intensified in the past couple of years with the formation of the Traditional Anglican Community, Mr. Doyle points out that the movement began almost thirty years ago.
There is much valuable historical information in C.J.s talk, which every serious Catholic, who may have questions about the motivations behind the Anglican movement, should know. First, and foremost, our speaker explains that these converts are traditional-minded. They are already Catholic in their moral beliefs. Doctrinally, they must publicly confess belief in the teachings of the Roman Catechism and a real test of commitment in the invalidity of their assumed priestly orders. Mr. Doyle examines what happened under John Paul II when, in 1981, with his Pastoral Provision, he first allowed an Anglican Usage parish to be canonically established in the United States. Today, there are twelve such parishes. With this latest development, our speaker explained what exactly would be the status of the proposed personal ordinariates that the Holy Father envisions for these parishes. Another very important part of C.J.s talk is the issue of the approved Anglican liturgy. Most traditional Catholic are unaware that the Missal in use at these Anglican Usage churches is essentially the Tridentine Mass in English. In fact, they use only the traditional Roman Canon. Our speaker explains the details of other historical precedents in which Rome accommodated, or was planning to accommodate, separated communities, and churches (schismatic orthodox) that were seeking unity. Of course, the issue of clerical celibacy comes immediately to mind, and Mr. Doyle, with his encyclopedic knowledge of Church history, gives his audience a lot of relevant data to digest, while, at the same time, strongly upholding the more Christ-like western discipline of priestly celibacy.
2009 SBC Conference
This is a mp4 video file of this conference talk.
Also Available as CD or DVD
Anti-Catholicism in America MP3
Bringing Down the American Idols MP3
Br. Francis on the Catechism MP3 plus PDF
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SOUND OF LIFE: CURIOUS CREATORS SERIES
Earlier this year, Simon Mitchell was invited by Henrietta Thompson for Sound of Life (a KEF project) to give an interview for a series exploring the reaches of sound and its influence on craftsmanship, creativity and beyond entitled ‘Design Propelled By A Dynamic Dialogue’.
“As co-founders of design and architecture studio Sybarite, Simon Mitchell and Torquil McIntosh work wonderfully in tandem. Yet, the music driving their creativity differs like night and day.” soundoflife.com
“We are complete opposites but we find his love affair for one style of music and my love affair for another style echoes the design ethos in our design company where the blend of the two together generates the best idea. Using sound to inspire our designs is something that we use all the time.” Simon Mitchell
To see Simon’s contribution and the full series featuring creative voices including Thomas Heatherwick, Deyan Sudjic, Morag Myerscough, Janet Laurence, Paul Priestman and Fusion Wayang Kulit, visit here.
Go back to news
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Pragmatic | Lashkar-e-Taiba isn’t going anywhere
Even if India were to concede all Pakistani demands, Pakistan will not turn against the Lashkar-e-Taiba.
An extract from the conclusions drawn by Ms. C. Christine Fair in her new paper titled ‘Pakistan’s Strategic Use of Lashkar-e-Taiba: It’s Not Just Kashmir’:
First, even if international intervention could succeed in helping India and Pakistan to resolve their outstanding dispute, normalization of their relations is likely an insufficient condition for Pakistan to abandon its reliance upon LeT/JuD. While India should find some way of addressing the grievances of its own Kashmiri populace as well as that of the Muslims in India elsewhere for its own domestic security (among other domestic reasons), arguments for changing the territorial status quo to appease Pakistan are likely misguided as a means to assist Pakistan in putting down LeT. While India would almost certainly never accept any such adjustments, such a policy would likely have significant negative externalities were it to go forward, principally because it would reinforce Pakistan‘s belief that militancy is an effective tool of foreign policy.
Second, because Pakistan relies upon LeT for both internal and external reasons, the state is extremely unlikely to turn on that group unless its domestic and external security concerns are ameliorated. This conjoint outcome is extremely unlikely as well. Pakistan nurtures Islamist groups to operate against India. To do so, it must sustain a social milieu in which some form of jihad is justifiable. As evidenced since 2002, the state has had considerable difficulty sustaining distinctions between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ jihadis. Without a strategic abandonment of militancy as a tool of policy altogether, there is little hope that Pakistan can extinguish the Islamist terrorism ravaging its state. Yet, in a vicious circle, this domestic violence makes LeT in particular ever more indispensible.
Taken together, the conventional wisdom that focuses upon LeT’s external utility and my argument for LeT’s domestic utility, do not augur well for security domestically within Pakistan, regionally across South Asia, or within the international system. No state will act against its own self-interest. While Pakistan‘s reliance upon LeT may be a risky proposition, JuD/LeT appears to have an enormous role in securing Pakistan‘s interests externally and equally and perhaps more importantly, LeT secures a more primal state interest: internal cohesion and survivability.
Given that Pakistan is unlikely to be induced to abandon its reliance upon militancy under its nuclear umbrella for both external and internal reasons, the international community —including the United States—should abandon its Panglossian optimism that additional foreign assistance or security assistance will shift Pakistan’s strategic calculus away from using LeT or other militants to service its internal and external goals. For Pakistan, LeT is an existential asset in the same way that it is an existential enemy for countries like India and even the United States.[Link]
Can we now please put an end to all the advice coming from strategic experts in Washington D.C. that resolving the long-standing problems between India and Pakistan, particularly Kashmir, would allow Pakistan to abandon its reliance upon Islamist militant groups throughout South Asia?
Alas, it is India’s own diplomats who seem to be missing the plot here. For one can only lament when India’s own Foreign Secretary, Ms Nirupama Rao feels that ‘the prism through which Pakistan sees the issue of terror has definitely been altered’.
I think when they speak of the fact that non-state elements in this relationship need to be tackled, that we must look at safe havens and sanctuaries that we must look at fake currency, we must look at all the aspects that are concerned with the business of terror, I think that is a concrete development.[MEA]
Ms Rao then rhetorically asks, “Does it mean that dialogue is not an option that we should pursue with Pakistan?”. Yes, of course we can. But do not expect it to bring any change whatsoever to Pakistan’s business of terror, especially when it comes to its existential asset — and India’s existential enemy — the Lashkar-e-Taiba.
LeT is NOT a Kashmiri group
What about Lashkar-e-Taiba?
Kashmir is a red herring
Pragmatic | What about Lashkar-e-Taiba?
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Talking Pulp
All things pulp and then some
Tag Archives: Rami Malek
TV Review: Mr. Robot (2015-2019)
September 21, 2017 by Talking Pulp in Reviews, TV Review and tagged 2010s, 2015, BD Wong, Bobby Cannavale, Christian Slater, Craig Robinson, crime, drama, Grace Gummer, Rami Malek, review, Ron Cephas Jones, thriller, TV, USA Network | Leave a comment
Original Run: June 24th, 2015 – current
Created by: Sam Esmail
Directed by: various
Written by: various
Music by: Mac Quayle
Cast: Rami Malek, Carly Chaikin, Portia Doubleday, Martin Wallström, Christian Slater, Michael Cristofer, Stephanie Corneliussen, Grace Gummer, BD Wong, Sunita Mani, Azhar Khan, Michael Drayer, Michel Gill, Ron Cephas Jones, Gloria Reuben, Joey Bada$$, Craig Robinson, Bobby Cannavale
Universal Cable Productions, Anonymous Content, Esmail Corp., NBC Universal, 22 Episodes (so far), 41-65 Minutes (per episode)
It is really hard talking about Mr. Robot without spoiling something. But that is what makes this show so exceptional. It has so many twists, turns and surprises that you’re never really sure where the show is going but two seasons in, I have yet to find myself disappointed. In fact, I’ve been nothing but captivated.
The story is about hackers, primarily the main character Elliot and those around him but Elliot is the true focus of the show. If I were to say anything more than that, it might be too much. I went into this blindly and I am glad that I did. It is best to go in without spoilers. It is also best to binge watch the hell out of it. It’s actually hard not to binge it, as you can’t stop watching it once you start. The wait between season two and season three, which is still two months away, has been a long and painful lapse of time.
There really isn’t anything I can say about this show that isn’t positive.
The writing is absolutely superb. The style, the visuals and the sounds of the show draw you in and don’t loosen their grip, holding you there and keeping you there – completely immersed in this world that Elliot lives in. And really, a lot of this also has to do with the stellar acting, mostly from Rami Malek and Christian Slater but also from the other players. There isn’t a weak link in this steel chain of talent.
Sam Esmail, the creator, as well as writer and director of the most pivotal episodes, has created something otherworldly. This is the best show I have seen since Breaking Bad, which is the show that I consider to be the greatest of all-time and the standard bearer for everything else. In fact, Mr. Robot is almost as good and as perfect as Breaking Bad but only time will tell if it continues to hit the high bar it has already set.
While this show does borrow concepts and ideas from various things, which I won’t mention in an effort not to spoil this, it is still fresh and original and actually improves on a lot of those ideas.
Season one works well as a single story. Season two, which many people have been more critical about, expands the mythos of this universe and really builds a great foundation for this show going forward. While season two doesn’t have a concrete conclusion to it, it doesn’t really need one, as it gives season three a great starting point.
Mr. Robot is the best television show that the USA Network has created in their long history. It is the best show to start its run in this decade. If it maintains its quality throughout its existence, I’ll have to raise the rating from a nine to a ten.
Film Review: Oldboy (2013)
June 12, 2017 by Talking Pulp in Film Review, Reviews and tagged 2010s, 2013, action, drama, Elizabeth Olsen, film, Josh Brolin, Max Casella, Michael Imperioli, mystery, Pom Klementieff, Rami Malek, review, Samuel L. Jackson, Sharlto Copley, Spike Lee, thriller | Leave a comment
Directed by: Spike Lee
Written by: Mark Protosevich
Based on: Oldboy by Park Chan-wook, Im Joon-hyeong, Hwang Jo-yoon
Music by: Roque Banos
Cast: Josh Brolin, Elizabeth Olsen, Sharlto Copley, Michael Imperioli, Max Casella, Pom Klementieff, Rami Malek,
40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, Good Universe, Vertigo Entertainment, FilmDistrict, 104 Minutes
“I swear, I don’t know nothin’! I swear before God and eight motherfuckin’ white people!” – Chaney
The original Oldboy might be my favorite South Korean film of all-time. Its director, Park Chan-wook made an almost flawless film. It was an instant classic, has stood the test of time and become more than just a cult film in the United States and around the world.
Spike Lee is one of my favorite directors. I’ve been a fan since seeing Do The Right Thing as a kid. He’s got a unique visual style and a great gift for storytelling. While I respect his work, I’m a bit puzzled as to why he wanted to remake Oldboy, as it was pretty unnecessary.
I guess Hollywood always wants English language versions of foreign hits but the fact that Spike Lee stepped up is a bit strange. Although, the combination of Lee’s skill and style mixed with this violent Asian tale motivated me to check it out.
I’ve heard this film being slammed by many critics and fans of the original. I get it, as some things should be sacred and all that. However, after seeing the film, I think a lot of the bitching is just bitching for the sake of bitching. This film is not as good as the original but looking at it as a completely separate entity, it’s still a pretty good film.
Josh Brolin was fantastic, as he usually is. On top of that, Elizabeth Olsen and Samuel Jackson were really good. I also enjoyed the performances of Michael Imperioli and Sharlto Copley. Max Casella even shows up for a bit.
Action-wise, the epic fight from the first film was recreated but not as well. It was still a damn good sequence all on its own but if we are going to compare them, the original was superior. Again, the original, as a whole, was a superior film.
The cinematography in this movie was beautiful. Spike Lee and his art department really did their job in creating specific emotional vibes from scene-to-scene. The “hotel room” was eerie and haunting and really became its own character within the film.
If you were to see this film without being a big fan of the original, you’d probably enjoy it more. It’s not as bad as people say and Spike Lee did some great work, fattening his already amazing portfolio.
But again, after seeing it, I still have to question why this remake was necessary. And in retrospect, this was a project destined to piss off fans and critics alike.
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Film Review: The Game (1997)
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Kane Brown, Wife Katelyn Open Up About Sex Life in Hilarious ‘Newlywed Challenge’ [Watch]
Tricia Despres
Kane Brown and his wife, Katelyn, opened up about their sex life during a recent appearance in an online game show, describing their bedroom time in hilarious terms.
As country music couples continue to quarantine in light of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it would be safe to say that they have more time on their hands than ever. So, some couples have decided to play a game.
Brought to YouTube thanks to former Olympian Shawn Johnson East and her husband, Andrew East, the Newlywed Challenge recently brought together a bevy of country music couples to compete for their favorite charity, including Luke and Caroline Bryan, Jason and Brittany Aldean and Chuck and Kasi Wicks.
Watch: Jason Aldean's Wife Brittany Gets Honest About Their Love Life:
The game was light-hearted fun all the way around, but it was Kane and Katelyn Brown’s answers about their sex life that really made us laugh out loud after the couples were asked to describe their time in the bedroom via the name of a candy.
Katelyn wrote “Hot Tamale" on her board, while Kane wrote the words “Now & Later.”
And then, discussion ensued.
“I don’t even know what that means,” Katelyn says in the video above.
“It means that now that we have a baby and it's not all the time, you know what I mean?” Brown explains with a smile on his face. “It’s like right now…or later.”
“I get it,” Katelyn obliges.
The country couple welcomed their baby girl, Kingsley, into the world in October of 2019.
Other questions included, 'Who is your wife's celebrity crush?," "Where was your first kiss?" and more, and the Aldeans ended up victorious at the end of the Newlywed Challenge, with newlyweds the Wicks coming in last.
According to a press release, upcoming contestants on the Newlywed Challenge will include athletes, former The Bachelor and The Bachelorette contestants and more.
See 5 Dramatic Quarantine Makeovers:
12 Country Artists Who Tested Positive for Coronavirus:
Filed Under: Kane Brown
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TechTronBlog.com
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Daily Tech Updates Sent to your Email
Shootout of eight wireless charging stands, Smartphones News & Top Stories – The Straits Times
HOW WE DO THE TESTS
To keep this shootout fair, we used the power adapter and charging cable that come with the wireless charging stands.
For devices that do not come with a power adapter, we used the Innergie PowerJoy 30C USB-C Wall Charger but with their included cables.
We used the PowerJoy as it features both USB-C and USB-A ports and has an ample 30W power output.
For this test, we used the Apple iPhone SE 2020, which supports up to 7.5W wireless charging.
We drained its battery to 10 per cent, then turned on its Airplane mode and charged it to 60 per cent on each wireless charging stand and noted the time taken.
ANKER POWERWAVE STAND
PHOTO: ANKER
Power output: Up to 10W
DESIGN: 3/5
PERFORMANCE: 3.5/5
VALUE FOR MONEY: 3.5/5
OVERALL: 3.5/5
The Anker PowerWave Stand (available on Amazon, Lazada and Shopee) does not come with a power adapter but includes a USB-A-to-micro-USB charging cable.
Its design is pretty ordinary and simple, with an all-grey plastic exterior. It has a fixed stand tilted at a 60-degree viewing angle, with a long base for stability.
A large rubber pad on its bottom keeps this light, plasticky stand from moving around.
Plug the charging cable into its rear micro-USB port and it is ready to use. You can place a smartphone in either the portrait or landscape orientation for charging.
It took 1 hour 12 minutes for the iPhone SE 2020’s battery to go from 10 per cent to 60 per cent, for the fourth fastest timing in this roundup. This is pretty good considering that the PowerWave Stand is the second cheapest in this roundup.
My only gripe is Anker not opting for the more popular USB-C port. That said, this is a no-frills and effective wireless charging stand at an affordable price.
BELKIN BOOSTUP WIRELESS CHARGING STAND
PHOTO: BELKIN
DESIGN: 3.5/5
PERFORMANCE: 3/5
VALUE FOR MONEY: 3/5
Available in black (version tested) and white, the Belkin BoostUp Wireless Charging Stand (available on Amazon, Lazada and Shopee) has a rather unique design compared to the rest in this roundup.
It has a circular charging pad propped up at 60 degrees with an inverted L-frame.
The longer side of the L-frame extends behind the charging pad for stability, while the L-frame’s shorter sides hold the smartphone in place.
This design allows for the smartphone to be placed in either the portrait or landscape orientation for charging. Rubber grips on the frame prevent the stand from slipping on the surface it is placed.
The BoostUp comes with a USB-A-to-micro-USB cable and a 10W power adapter. The rear micro-USB port is inside an indentation at the rear of the charging pad, so you will want to use the bundled cable to ensure a stable connection.
It took 1 hour 20 minutes to charge the iPhone SE 2020’s battery from 10 per cent to 60 per cent, for the sixth spot in this roundup.
Considering its price though, this is a rather mediocre performance. However, you probably can get this stand at a price that is cheaper than its $99 retail price, on online retailers like Lazada or Shopee.
HUAWEI SUPERCHARGE WIRELESS CHARGER STAND
PHOTO: HUAWEI
The Huawei SuperCharge Wireless Charger Stand (available on Amazon, Lazada and Shopee) is the most expensive model in this roundup.
But it also blew the competition away with its dual-coil charging design and maximum 40W wireless charging power.
However, its 40W wireless charging capability currently only works with the Huawei P40 Pro+. And you need to use the included USB-C cable and the 65W power adapter to achieve that.
This all-black charger stand also looks exquisite, with its glass-embedded charging panel and aluminium-alloy base.
The stand is fixed at a 60-degree viewing angle. It allows for both horizontal and vertical placements of your smartphone for charging.
Furthermore, it comes with a heat dissipation fan with an air vent at the bottom to keep your smartphone cool during charging.
The iPhone SE, which did not heat up during charging, took 1 hour 6 minutes to go from 10 per cent to 60 per cent battery level. This is the second fastest timing in this roundup.
If you don’t mind spending extra moolah to future proof your gadgets, this is the wireless charging stand to get.
MOPHIE WIRELESS CHARGING STAND
PHOTO: MOPHIE
Unlike most wireless charging stands, this Mophie model (available on Lazada and Shopee) does not use a regular USB cable. Instead, it uses an included 24W power adapter with a power cable that plugs straight to rear of the stand.
The charging pad has a sleek polished finish, but I found the build to be little lightweight at the base. The charging pad can be laid flat or tilted up to 60 degrees to be a stand.
But it is not easy to tilt up the charging pad with one hand due to the lightweight base. You have to press down the base and push up the charging pad.
On the bright side, when used as a stand, you can charge your smartphone in both the portrait and landscape orientation.
Furthermore, if you lay the charging pad flat, you can use it to charge your AirPods (second-generation) or AirPods Pro.
It charged the iPhone SE 2020 from 10 per cent to 60 per cent battery level in 1 hour 36 minutes – the slowest in this roundup.
MOSHI LOUNGE Q WIRELESS CHARGING STAND
PHOTO: MOSHI
Output: Up to 15W
The Moshi Lounge Q is probably the best-looking wireless charging stand in this roundup.
Unlike the conventional rectangular slab design of most wireless charging stands, it has a grey aluminium circular dish as a base. A round charging pad slides up and down along a stainless steel rail stand that sits on the base.
Viewing angles of your smartphone during charging can go from 45 degrees to 58 degrees. But at 45 degrees, you can only place the smartphone in the landscape orientation.
Both the surfaces of the base and the charging pad are clad in grey fabric for a premium look. It will certainly turn heads when you place it on your office table (when you are able to get back).
Its USB-C cable is integrated with the charging pad. So you never have to worry about losing the cable. But the Lounge Q does not come with a power adapter.
It took 1 hour 9 minutes to charge the iPhone SE 2020’s battery from 10 per cent to 60 per cent. This is the third fastest in the roundup.
If you are willing to pay for its looks and charging speed, this is the one to get.
NATIVE UNION DOCK WIRELESS CHARGER
PHOTO: NATIVE UNION
The Native Union Dock Wireless Charger (available on Amazon, Lazada and Shopee) is the only one in this roundup that requires assembly.
Out of the box, you get a large grey textile-textured circular charging pad with a rectangular slit near its flat bottom and a black metallic plate. Slot this plate through the slit and you get a great-looking stand.
But this design means there is no way to tilt the stand beyond its fixed 78-degree slant, which is not exactly the best angle to look at your smartphone or swipe on its display.
However, its large surface area means you can charge your smartphone in either the portrait or landscape orientation.
It does not come with a power adapter. And the USB-C port at its back is hard to reach. You have to route the included USB-A-to-USB-C cable through a hole in the metallic plate to reach it.
In terms of charging speed, it took 1 hour 26 minutes to power up the iPhone SE 2020’s battery from 10 per cent to 60 per cent – the second slowest in this roundup.
SAMSUNG EP-N5200 WIRELESS CHARGING STAND
PHOTO: SAMSUNG
Samsung’s latest wireless charging stand (available on Amazon, Lazada and Shopee) might have a mundane all-black exterior. But it comes with a built-in fan cooling system to prevent your smartphone from over-heating.
There are vents running around the perimeter of its charging pad and the two longer sides of its bottom, to help cool your smartphone. At the rear of the charging pad, you can see the fan through a grille.
The charging pad is tilted at a fixed 50 degrees. Its dual-coil design ensures charging whether the smartphone is in the horizontal or vertical position.
The long rectangular base has rubber strips running along its perimeter to prevent slippage. At the end of the base is a USB-C port. The package includes a USB-C-to-USB-C cable and a 25W power adapter.
The Samsung EP-N5200 charged the iPhone SE 2020’s battery from 10 per cent to 60 per cent battery in 1 hour 3 minutes, making it the top performer in this roundup.
If you don’t mind its bland looks and fixed stand, this is one to get if you want a cooling and fast wireless charge.
UNIQ VERTEX DUO
PHOTO: UNIQ CREATIONS
The Uniq Vertex Duo is not only the only model in this roundup that can charge an iPhone and an AirPods Pro at the same time, it is also cheapest model here.
It comprises two thin slabs, with a coarse texture all around that gives it grip.
The top slab is the charging pad. You can leave it flat or lift it up at a fixed 64 degrees to become a charging stand.
The bottom slab is the base. It has a USB-C port at its rear. The package comes with a 1m USB-A-to-USB-C cable and a 1m USB-C-to-USB-C cable but no power adapter.
When you lift up the charging pad, you will see a 5W charging surface – for the AirPods Pro – at the top of the base.
To ensure fairness, this AirPods Pro charging pad was not used while the iPhone SE 2020 was being charged. It took 1 hour 15 minutes to charge the smartphone’s battery from 10 per cent to 60 per cent – fifth fastest in this roundup.
With its compactness and ability to charge the two devices simultaneously, this is one wireless charging stand to take on your travels.
https://www.nextpit.com/samsung-galaxy-a-series-android-updates
There’s good news for owners of affordable Samsung Galaxy smartphones
https://www.androidauthority.com/worst-year-smartphones-1137285/
The 5 worst years in smartphone history – Android Authority
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Wednesday 9 October 2019
Québec federal candidates dig deep on transportation issues
Expanding electrification, autonomous vehicles and commercial sector highlight Montreal debate.
Audi's forthcoming electric range will be built on the backs of these four platforms
Audi is on a power surge that will see 30 new electrified rides launched by 2025. Ten will be plug-in hybrids like the upcoming Q5, A7 and A8 vehicles.
Tesla acquires Canadian battery specialist, Hibar Systems
Ontario-based company brings specialist battery manufacturing expertise to global EV giant amid talk of “Tesla’s secret battery lab”.
This Dalhousie University research engineer turned his 1971 Triumph Spitfire electric
Working in Dal's Renewable Energy Storage Lab has some benefits — especially if you're looking to convert your classic to an EV
It’s election season and we’re being promised even more electric vehicles
Lord have mercy, we’re heading to the polls — and what a beggar’s banquet we have to choose from. Justin Trudeau’s failings hardly need more amplification, those waiting for Andrew Scheer to “get comfortable in his role” would appear to have a good deal longer to wait, and just how did Jagmeet Singh get outflanked by both the Liberals and the Greens? Then there’s Elizabeth May’s phantasms and Maxime Bernier, the only man seemingly less suited to politics than Yours Truly. A seemingly rag-tag bunch, to say the least.
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9.5 Theses
Field Perspectives
Temporary continent.
To Make A Public
Alternative Pedagogy
Art and Healing
Artists Networks
Artist-Run Alliance
Art Writing
(A)Social
Co_temporaries
Cultural ReProducers
Instituent Practices
New Constitutions
Politics of Perception
Unstable States
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Visions from the Future
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New World Embassy: Rojava
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The Work of the Institution in an Age of Professionalization
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Slow Criticism: Art in the Age of Post-Judgement
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Movement Building for Beginners
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Belaboring the Fringe: in lieu of an Artist Statement
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Sustainability is not Solidarity: Superscript & the Economies of Art Writing
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Muse as Critic, Returning the Gaze from the Pedestal
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No one cares about art criticism: Advocating for an embodiment of the avant garde as an alternative to capitalism
Elephants in the Room at Casco Art Institute
Valentina Vella recaps "Elephants in the Room" the first in a new yearly as..
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Ngozi Omeje: Connecting Deep at Centre for Contemporary Art Lagos
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REAL DREAM: An Interview with Daphna Saker Massey
Over the last ten years, Daphna Saker Massey has taken elements from expres..
A Poetics of Survival: A Conversation with Demian DinéYazhi´
In September 2018, I saw Demian DinéYazhi´ perform their long-form prose po..
Get It Together: On the art of care and shaky unification
Leora Fridman interviews The Feminist Health Care Research Group Berlin (FH..
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Artist Jess T. Dugan and social worker Vanessa Fabbre’s "To Survive on This..
About the ‘Feeling of Being in Transition’ – Performing the Archive: A Conversation with Clarissa Thieme about her Film “Today Is 11th June 1993”
A first version of this conversation about historicity, subjectivity and th..
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RM is an artist-run space, project office and archive. RM is a gallery that..
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3 137 is an artist-run space in Athens founded by three Greek artists.
Transformazium
[uds-billboard name=”transformazium”]
Transformazium at the Braddock Carnegie Library
Address: 419 Library Street, Braddock, PA 15104
Email: transformazium@transformazium.org
Website: www.transformazium.org, www.braddocklibrary.org
Open Hours: Mondays 10-5, Tues, Wed, and Thurs. 11-7pm, Friday 10-5, Saturday 9 – 4
How is the project operated?
Transformazium is an artist-run project that collaborates with neighborhood individuals and organizations using several formal and informal sponsorship models. The Braddock Carnegie Library is a not-for-profit organization.
How long has it been in existence?
Transformazium has been in existence for 5 years. The Braddock Carnegie Library is the first Carnegie Library in the country, built in 1889.
What was your motivation?
Transformazium is an arts-based collaboration with a focus on creative communication, local resource exchange, enacting radical models of education, and incorporating art making and critical art dialogue with a meaningful acknowledgement of the roles that art plays in a neighborhood and the ways that it intersects with social and economic stratification in the places we live. Transformazium members moved from New York City to North Braddock and Braddock, PA in 2007 with the hope that the ideals and principles of action that we were and are passionate about would have more room to grow in a neighborhood setting with a different scale of space and economy. For the past three years we have partnered with the Braddock Carnegie Library to reactivate the under utilized spaces of the library building with limited financial resources and creative arts programming.
Number of organizers/responsible persons of the project.
3 core members with multiple neighborhood partners and advisors
How are programs funded?
Our approach to funding is determined by the type of program we are working on. In the past we have realized our projects through local and regional grants, contributions from individuals, volunteer labor, art sales, resource exchange and through our own investment of money earned from outside work.
Who is responsible for the programming?
Dana Bishop-Root, Ruthie Stringer and Leslie Stem.
Number and average duration of exhibitions/events per year.
Weekly open studio hours in the Neighborhood Print Shop on Saturdays from 9:30-3. Several youth education programs throughout the year. Monthly Art in the Library exhibitions. Two year-long artist residency programs per year. Multiple special events organized with the Braddock Carnegie Library.
What kind of events are usually organized?
The Neighborhood Print Shop located in the Braddock Carnegie Library is a teaching and learning studio that offers a range of design and print resources for individuals and organizations of all levels of screen-printing experience. Education programs in the print shop emphasize visual literacy, the power of self-representation and active communication, and creative models of entrepreneurship.
The Arts in the Library series presents the work of local and regional artists in the main library space with a public reception each month. The Resident Artist in Residence program invites a local person who may or may not self identify as an artist to utilize the resources of the library to produce a body of work. The Homecoming Residency invites an artist currently living in an art center such as NYC or LA who has had to leave the place that they are from in order to pursue an art career to return to
a neighborhood setting and create work in response to a locality separate from the art market.
Do you accept proposals/submissions?
We are always interested in potential collaborations.
What is your artistic/curatorial approach?
Art is a field created by multiple voices and perspectives. Making art and talking about art can change the ways that we see the world, the ways we see ourselves in it, and the ways that the world sees us. By opening new avenues for active and engaged communication, self-representation and dialogue, art can be a social, political and economic agent of change.
What’s working? What’s not working?
Through five years of committed work, we feel like we are at home in our neighborhood and have truly generous and generative relationships with our neighbors. These relationships have guided our projects and provided inspiration, energy and all types of resources. Our challenges include our limited capacity and fitting our programs into existing funding streams.
What idea are you most excited about for the future?
We are developing an Art Lending Library within the Braddock Carnegie Library that will make a wide variety of prints, photographs, paintings, posters and hang-able art objects available for check-out to anyone with a library card. We are also excited about our shared 1 1/2 acre garden that we have recently planted with fruit trees and where we are almost finished building a super adobe dome gathering space.
Images courtesy of Transformazium.
PittsburghProfiles
art lending librarybraddockDana Bishop-RootLeslie StemresidencyRuthie Stringerscreenprintingtransformazium
UnSmoke Art Space
Temporary continent. maps the unstable tributaries of contributions, reflections, and media arising from Mississippi. An Anthropocene River and its research procession. The project is a collaboration between two experimental publishing collectives, continent. and Temporary Art Review, both concerned with the amplification, modulation, and circulation of community voices on both sides of the Atlantic, and beyond.
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Covid-19 News South Africa
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Strong leadership fought Covid-19 in Africa: the next step is to harness research
12 Nov 2020Save | Email | Print | PDF
By: Monique Wasunna
African countries are still reeling from the effect of measures, such as lockdowns, taken to contain the spread of Covid-19. Though painful, they were a vital part of the successful public health response mounted by many African leaders.
A response led by scientists and researchers must be central to any current and future threats. Donwilson Odhiambo/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
The quick responses by most African countries meant that they were able to avoid the large-scale loss of life seen elsewhere. The 1.8 million infections and 44,000 deaths recorded on the continent by mid-November are a great loss. They are, nevertheless, far from the catastrophic predictions made back in March and April.
But the fight is not yet over: the Africa Centres for Disease Control has recently warned of a fresh wave of infections, reporting almost 9,000 cases a day. With lockdowns easing and borders opening this figure will certainly rise.
If good public health measures helped Africa tackle its first Covid-19 wave, a response led by scientists and researchers must be central to any current and future threats. This was emphasised by several top African scientists gathered at a recent webinar convened to discuss next steps to contain the pandemic.
The strong leadership displayed by many African countries during the pandemic is certainly a lesson for others. But strong leadership needs good science. For Africa, this means that research for treatments and vaccines for Covid-19 must take place here, led by African scientists and tailored to this specific context.
Global solidarity might be lacking in the fight against Covid-19 but regional cooperation is not, especially in Africa. As the director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, John Nkengasong, pointed out, “the continent came together very quickly”.
Under his leadership, 55 health ministers gathered in Addis Ababa in February to develop a joint African strategy for the Covid-19 outbreak.
One of the decisions taken was to develop a platform to train 100,000 health workers and for the common procurement of diagnostics medical supplies. Called the “Partnership to Accelerate Covid-19 Testing in Africa (PACT)”, the initiative was set up for multiple countries and has led to 12 million tests being conducted.
What developing countries can teach rich countries about how to respond to a pandemic
Many countries closed borders and implemented lockdowns. South Africa instituted one of the world’s strictest. For its part the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) instituted a lockdown and suspended all flights into the country – the main way cases were being introduced.
A number of countries also developed impressive testing programmes. One was Senegal, whose Institut Pasteur in Dakar was one of the only two laboratories with Covid-19 testing capacity when the pandemic began. Results are now available in hours. The country has also trained health workers elsewhere on the continent, and the Institut is developing home-test kits which should be available soon.
In South Africa, an army of health workers with experience in HIV and tuberculosis were used as contact tracers for Covid-19.
Another feature of the response in some countries was getting the buy-in of communities. Steve Mundeke Ahuka, the incident manager for the Covid-19 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, said the country drew on its past experience in managing the Ebola response.
This involved using social scientists and epidemiologists to study perceptions of Ebola in the community because of the distrust of outsiders. These insights were used to create and adapt communications to combat fake news and support vaccination and contact tracing. After two difficult years, the strategies paid off: over 300,000 people were vaccinated.
Similar strategies were used for Covid-19.
Most of the research taking place for Covid-19 is happening in North America and Europe. Large, well-organised clinical trials that were launched months ago are already saving lives.
This intensity of research is needed on the continent.
There are a number of reasons for this.
The first is that Africa has a different genetic profile. According to Helen Rees, executive director of the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute in South Africa, who is leading Covid-19 vaccine efforts in South Africa,
Populations have different genetic backgrounds, and they are exposed to different infections such as HIV and malaria. We need to know if future vaccines will be safe and effective in our populations.
Another reason for more research on the continent is that it can help drive policy. As Borna Nyaoke Anoke, senior clinical project manager and medical manager at DNDi, argues:
We need large, well-conducted, randomised clinical trials in Africa to support policy change for treatments.
One of the most urgent priorities is the need for treatment for mild to moderate cases to avoid mass hospitalisations that would overwhelm already overburdened health systems. DNDi will soon be launching a large clinical trial with a number of African and European partners to fill this gap. A number of treatments that can be given to patients with mild symptoms will be tested.
Lastly, African countries need to be active in the research arena to ensure that they are not last in the queue for life-saving treatments and vaccines.
African countries have proved that they have the skills and expertise to provide local solutions to this global pandemic. They need to build on this success together to keep the pandemic at bay.
The Conversation Africa
The Conversation Africa is an independent source of news and views from the academic and research community. Its aim is to promote better understanding of current affairs and complex issues, and allow for a better quality of public discourse and conversation.
Go to: https://theconversation.com/africa
Monique Wasunna, director, Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative Africa Regional Office and Researcher, Kenya Medical Research Institute
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Police: Pa. man shot toilet in bar named Shooters
Authorities say a man is charged with using a stolen handgun to shoot a toilet in a northeastern Pennsylvania bar named Shooters.
WILKES-BARRE, Pa. – Authorities say a man is charged with using a stolen handgun to shoot a toilet in a northeastern Pennsylvania bar named Shooters.
Police say they received a report of a toilet being shot in the men's room at the Wilkes-Barre bar early Tuesday.
Police say 41-year-old Leroy Michael Smith walked out of the bar after the gunshot and returned five minutes later. Investigators believe Smith hid the gun in the seat of a vehicle. Police say they later recovered the weapon.
Smith told investigators he didn't shoot the toilet. He has been released from jail after posting $5,000 bail. It's not clear if he has an attorney.
He's charged with reckless endangerment, receiving stolen property and other counts.
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Home > node > DVD/Blu-ray: The Comfort of Strangers
DVD/Blu-ray: The Comfort of Strangers | reviews, news & interviews
DVD/Blu-ray: The Comfort of Strangers
Paul Schrader channels Pinter and McEwan in mesmeric tale of Venetian macabre
by Tom BirchenoughTuesday, 16 October 2018
Parade of desire: from left, Helen Mirren, Rupert Everett, Christopher Walken, Natasha Richardson
“There’s a lot of weirdness I didn’t want explained,” Paul Schrader reveals at one point in a new director’s commentary to his 1990 film.
“There’s a lot of weirdness I didn’t want explained,” Paul Schrader reveals at one point in a new director’s commentary to his 1990 film. He certainly succeeded on that score: with its script by Harold Pinter (adapting Ian McEwan’s elliptical 1981 novel), you sense that explanation – in any standard sense, at least – was indeed never going to be much of an issue in The Comfort of Strangers.
If the novelist had offered little dialogue in his investigation of the irreconcilability of the sexes, and the playwright riffed on his favourite theme, that “language is a tool we use not to communicate”, words were never going to be the main thing either, which left Schrader to work unforgettably with images, aided by the celebrated Italian cinematographer Dante Spinotti. With an old-fashioned visual luxuriance in its depiction of Venice, The Comfort of Strangers surely has the shadow of Visconti looming over it, and not only for its shared location with the latter’s Death in Venice.
Rarely can Venetian locations have looked so deserted
If that’s a resemblance that seems principally stylistic, there’s an inevitable thematic hark-back to Nicolas Roeg’s 1973 Don’t Look Now, with both films exploring the fate of a British couple who come to Venice to reassess a relationship: in The Comfort of Strangers that’s Colin (Rupert Everett) and Mary (Natasha Richardson), pondering on their future commitments. Behind the façade of the city’s beauty – rarely can Venetian locations have looked so deserted, a single Piazza San Marco crowd scene here the exception – an underlying sense of threat becomes palpable.
It reveals itself in the night wandering – the “de rigeur ‘lost in Venice scene’,” Schrader terms it – that first brings the couple into the company of the mysterious Robert (Christopher Walken, pictured below, doing the film's official costumer, Armani, proud), who entertains them in a louche-looking café. The naive foreigners don’t sense the location’s pronounced gay feel, but Spinotti’s roving camera, tracking over the interior as Walken delivers a ten-minute monologue, revels in its after-hours eccentricity. The monologue is a classic Pinter text – “My father was a very big man. All his life he wore a black moustache…” – that catches the writer’s overlapping concerns of private and public tyranny. (This BFI release is a loose continuation of its recent Pinter on Screen: Power, Sex & Politics season.) Its significance is endorsed by the fact that we have heard it already, as the opening voice-over accompanying another elaborate tracking shot that explores the historic Grand Canal palazzo apartment that Robert shares with his wife Caroline (Helen Mirren, in surely one of her stranger roles).
The attractions of history work in strange, almost Jamesian ways here. That location may become the epicentre of the macabre perversion with which The Comfort of Strangers memorably concludes, but it has also by then given the young lovers a new infusion of passion, a presentiment of the inexorable fascination that will somehow draw them back. Reflected equally in Angelo Badalamenti’s score, Schrader consciously presented a vision of Venice that is almost Moorish, a feeling caught particularly in the elaborate loggia that is Caroline’s element (for all the sense of Venetian magic it conveys, the apartment was in fact created on a Rome studio set).
Schrader delivers a culmination of high, screwball gothic, which brings to a distinctly camp conclusion what he has brilliantly described as the film's “murky sexual bouillabaisse” of emotions. On the subject of camp, the commentary has a nice detail on how Schrader and Everett (who had declined the role when offered it by John Schlesinger, an earlier prospect for director) adopted a “pink petticoat” code to avoid the actor delivering too obviously gay a performance. We can only wonder how the pairing would have worked if it had been Al Pacino, an early candidate for the role of Robert, instead of the somewhat sepulchral Walken.
This BFI dual-format release has an exquisite Secession-style cover (pictured above right) – indirect homage to Criterion, perhaps? – with two long audio-only pieces as its main extras. In his 85-minute 1993 Guardian interview with Derek Malcolm, Schrader is fascinating about moving between directing for the studios (American Gigolo) and the independent production world (Mishima, which sounds like a bizarre experience indeed), as well as his script collaborations with Scorsese (he sees Taxi Driver as his film: Raging Bull belongs most of all to Bob, Last Temptation to Marty). From a decade earlier, his American university masterclass Prospectus for a Course Not Given muses particularly on the screenwriter’s craft. Schrader’s audio commentary to The Comfort of Strangers, newly recorded for this release, is an anecdotal delight.
Read more film reviews on theartsdesk
Schrader delivers a culmination of high, screwball gothic, which brings to a distinctly camp conclusion what he has brilliantly described as the film's 'murky sexual bouillabaisse' of emotions
The Comfort of Strangers on Amazon
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Candidate forum Wednesday to tackle minority issues
by The AV Times Staff • October 28, 2013
PALMDALE – Palmdale mayoral candidates Maggie Campbell, Lynn M. Minidis, Mitcheal Toles and James C. Ledford have confirmed their attendance at a minority-focused candidate forum this week.
The event takes place from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m., Wednesday, October 30, at the Chimbole Cultural Center-Joshua Room, located at 38350 Sierra Highway in Palmdale. It is presented by the Antelope Valley chapters of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
The forum will allow candidates to express their positions on issues that directly impact the African American and Latino communities of Palmdale, organizers said in a press release.
“There are issues of particular concern to our communities which have not been addressed in any of the previous forums,” said local NAACP president V.Jesse Smith. “We have not heard, for example, how candidates would work with local law enforcement to ensure that errors of the past would not be repeated. We don’t even know if the candidates acknowledge that such problems exist.”
Misconduct by local law enforcement is a grave concern to the Latino community and the immigrant community, in particular, according to Xavier Flores, President of AV-LULAC.
“Though the issues of immigrants living in terror of being separated from loved ones or of being mistreated by authority figures has been discussed in various media outlets throughout the past years, no one has broached the subject during any of the recent candidate forums,” Flores said. “This is unconscionable in a city with a 55% Latino population of which a significant number are immigrant.”
Another pressing issue is the over-concentration of alcohol outlets and their relationship to high violent crime rates in communities with large minority populations, organizers said.
The AV-NAACP and AV-LULAC invite the entire local community to hear, firsthand, the candidates’ responses to these important and critical issues, organizers said in a press release
Candidates for Palmdale City Council have also been invited to participate in the forum. However, only Sir Duplechan has confirmed his attendance so far. Organizers are expecting more confirmations before Wednesday.
Filed Under: Politics
8 comments for "Candidate forum Wednesday to tackle minority issues"
Xavier Flores says
Please know that the candidates for Palmdale City council positions, Fred Thompson, Tom Lackey and Richard Loa, have also confirmed. We expect to conduct a respectful and insightful questioning of candidates regarding issues of grave concern to our communities. We have every expectation to garner from them their knowledge, understanding and positions on the issues. It is our sincere hope that this will help the electorate make a more informed deliberate decision when casting their vote on November 5th.
Considering that “graffiti” is a major issue with Mr. Loa, and being that the hispanic community has a large number of people who have committed the offense (as well as other ethnic groups, not a racial target), perhaps LULAC would be so kind as to nail Mr. Loa’s plan of action on his broad campaign promise down.
Wtheheck says
I have no reason to think this is anything other than another media opportunity for Mr. Jessie Smith. He already has sold out the community for his personal political gain in my opinion. He got what he wanted, let TCAL die out, made buddies with Rex and the racial discrimination by sheriffs and the courthouse is as bad, if not worse, than ever. I am sick of professional politicians acting like they care when their caring is “for profit”
Palmdale_Steve says
It’s pander time in old Palmdale.
Pander to the NAACP
Pander to LULAC
“The AV-NAACP and AV-LULAC invite the entire local community to hear, firsthand, the candidates’ responses to these important and critical issues” Ahhh not so much for most people in the AV. Maybe TRex will come and bring Stan his NOI brothers.
sikntired says
Misconduct by Hispanic gangmembers who are a majority in the area, needs to be addressed.That is more of a concern to me.
Xavier Flores, President of AV-LULAC is a bigot and a racist. I am surprised any candidate would attend a function where he is involved.
Yes he is.
Letlow says
Wow, those are some very harsh words for Mr. Flores. I don’t know the man, so I can’t defend him. But why don’t you tell everyone WHY YOU believe the man to be a bigot and racist? If you can’t provide examples then you are just trashing and name calling into cyberspace with zero credibility!
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The Bastard Gods Series
The bastard gods are long gone. Lios, the God-King, watches all. How can two wanderers with powers they barely understand change the world?
Book 1 – Prophecy’s Fools
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Posted by The Bastard Gods Series on December 16, 2018 January 2, 2019
Harl shivered, not certain if it was from the bitter wind that battered their hide tent, or from Cole’s careful examination of the spiked claws on his forearms. Slowly, gently, the tall man was turning his arms, first this way and then that, considering them again just as he had done immediately after Harl’s battle with The One Who Hungers.
“They do not hurt you?”
“And still you cannot retract them?”
Cole nodded, intent on looking closely at them. Sometimes Harl thought perhaps Cole was shivering from the cold too. His hands were shaking a little as he went about his task.
Around them slept the few mountain-voln who’d not shouted back at Alnim when he’d commanded them to go with the two woods-voln. They were the least of the village’s warriors. The best of them had died to The One Who Hungers, and the third-best had tole Alnim and Harl that they would not ‘place their own feet in the crushed snow their feet had left in their passing’. As mountain-voln expressions went it was a little less colourful than the answer given to them by the second-best warriors. Now Harl and Cole shared a large tent with the old and the slow. And many of them were asleep if their snoring was to be believed.
“I’ve never seen…” Cole began before pausing.
“You’ve never seen the change happen in front of your eyes before.” Harl finished for him. He could not have. It all happened behind the numbered doors of the castle. Once a boy was changed by his cell mate, he was moved into a space all of his own. And locked away forever.
“I wonder what number I would have had on my door… if Fysiwon had not taken me from there?” Harl said bitterly.
“I would not have allow-” Cole stopped himself again. Would he not have allowed it, wondered Harl? No of course he would have let them do as they wanted with him. He would have seen the monster locked away. Just as he had seen the thousands of boys he had bought and traded for locked away for the rest of their short lives. “Its different now.” The man finished both their thoughts.
“It is.” Harl nodded. “So, if I go mad like Fysiwon or The One Who Hungers there’ll be no cell to stop me from killing you all.” He said, smiling darkly.
“You won’t,” growled Cole, turning back to his consideration of the twisted and sharp shapes that had erupted from Harl’s skin. Amazingly they seemed to be less disturbing to him than this conversation.
“Think of it this way Cole. So far, I’ve caused the death of poor Ilv’Andri, numerous denizens of Emphon, some prophets, a bunch of mountain-voln warriors, and two ghosts. I charmed you into behaving against your will. I denied my mother in Bara. Who by the way is also near mad from prophesying… so it might well run in my blood! And even before Fysiwon changed me, I’d chopped off the foot of an innocent woods-voln girl.” He started off his list with a dark joviality, but by the end he was on the verge of tears.
Cole’s hand moved quickly from its careful hold on Harl’s forearm to grasp his hand tightly.
“Listen to me Harl, whatever you are you are not bound to the same fate as the creatures Orinius and his predecessors locked away! Merely by being free you are different!”
Harl nodded, still feeling tears forming near his eyelashes.
The wind picked up in force and pitch then, making the tent walls undulate like waves as flakes of snow made it through the ties at the entrance. The mountain-voln had taught them a little about surviving this weather, different tips and tricks. But on one thing they had been emphatic: they would only survive if they stayed together. Harl squeezed Cole’s hand slightly and then released it. Together.
In the morning they left the tent to the blinding whiteness of the mountain pass beyond. Their path had taken them upwards into ever thinner air, and yet still Harl felt the call to carry on up the mountain. The warriors had warned them that the very heights of the mountain range were impassible, but still Harl felt certain that what The One Who Hungers had been looking for was on the very edge of the known lands of the volnen.
When the clouds and mountain mist parted they could still sometimes see all the way backdown to the green grasses and patchwork fields of the farm-voln lands. Emphon was a black smudge near the horizon, linked by the king’s road that ran northwards and wound between the low hills of farm-voln country like a grey ribbon heading towards them. Beyond its end were the arches and the new arch where he had lain and dream of the bastard gods. Somewhere down there. It was hard to believe that they had come so far, so many of them and with so little. Cole joined him as he stood with his hand above his eyes, staring towards the horizon and Emphon.
“A clearer day today.” He said from within the folds of his hooded cloak and the furs bundled around his shoulders. “You can even see a few of the peaks.” He gestured towards the great stone giants above them. “Is the end of our journey in sight yet?”
Harl turned and looked upwards. The mountain-voln were spreading out in a line, tying ropes about themselves as they looked up at the slope ahead of them. Their path, they had said, would take them to a way between two peaks, and after that curl about to head even higher into the mountain range. In his heart Harl knew it was the way to go.
“It will be soon, I think.”
An hour or so later and between laboured breaths he began to wonder if he had been right. The path between peaks seemed no closer, and the air was even thinner than he remembered from the day before. The mountain-voln had given them strange flat hoops criss-crossed with goat gut to attach to their feet to make the walking easier, but even so at every moment Harl’s lungs burned. Cole did not complain, but the tall man was also near bent over with every laborious step. The mountain-voln did not struggle half as much, but still their words of complaint drifted back on the icy wind from their place in the line ahead of him.
They stopped around midday at a place where the thick snow had been blown from the stones in yesterday’s winds. They sat on the bare rocks and chewed on dried meats and drank near frozen water, the ice in it clattering against their teeth. A warrior, Miran, approached Harl and Cole and sat with them.
“Two or three days and we will see the summit.” He gestured above, and Harl spotted a grey stone on a length of braid dangling from his fist. Harl watched the plain pendant, remembering the one that he had stolen from Eris’ friend in Bara. This one however moved with purpose as it dangled beneath the mountain-voln’s hand. It pulled towards the mountain’s peak, angling against the man’s hold on it and the power of the ground to call it down to it. “Where do we go then?”
“Tell me about the stone?” Harl asked.
“Where then, woods-voln.” Miran said more firmly.
“What does the stone tell you?”
“Stupid woods-voln! It tells me which way my home is. It tells me where the mother mountain is.” The gruff man snapped. Miran was in his sixth decade, but the only sign was the greying of his hair and beard, and the wrinkles around his eyes. Both the good one and the lost one. During their journey so far he had claimed that he had lost his eye to a button man’s roarer, but behind his back some of the others had told Harl that it had been to the end of branch he’d not seen as he’d been too deep in his cups. He was, by default as none others had stepped forward for the responsibility, the leader of their expedition.
“But your village is far down the mountain range.”
“And the first place of the mountain-voln is at the top of the mother mountain.” He spoke as if to a child.
“Can I see?” Harl leaned towards the man and his pendant.
Miran growled. “The mother mountain means nothing to woods-voln. You were born in mud and fox shit among the trees!”
“Alnim and Nirayne think I am more than just a woods-voln. I have shown that I am” Harl said slyly, stroking the fox’s skull with his fingers. He’d tied it about his neck to get it above his furs, knowing what it now represented to the mountain-voln who heard about his trick in Alnim’s tent. “Let me see your stone.”
Miran laughed. “Nirayne is just a goat-hag and were I twenty years younger I would challenge Alnim and his wife would come willingly to my bed! Alnim might think, after many a cup, that you might be some kind of wyrdling, but you scare me not!”
Harl sigh dramatically and then pulled a wine-skin from within his furs, ignoring Cole’s sudden interest in it. “You know, I brought this from Alnim’s own supply, but I find my appetite for rice-wine gone at the moment.”
The trade was done quickly, Miran sampling the rice wine quickly before burying it beneath his own layers of cloth and furs.
As soon as Harl took the braided thread from the mountain-voln the stone flung itself to a horizontal position, pulling and dragging his fingers towards a point ahead of them. It was the same direction it had pointed at before, but it had not hummed and vibrated like this!
“By She Who Shaped the Skies!” Bellowed Miran and he stood quickly. “Come, see!” He shouted to his fellow voln. The others stumbled over, stopping as soon as they saw the pendant dancing in the air, the braid taut between it and Harl’s grasp.
“By She Who Shaped the Skies!” Breathed some of the others as well.
“The mother mountain calls him!” Said another.
“At least we have a path now.” Said Cole, his eyes and his mood hidden by his hood.
The mountain-voln packed up quickly as Miran explained to Harl and Cole that the first place of the mountain-voln was sacred and that none ever went there. He spoke in a reverent voice as he described how the bastard gods had once come together there, working to carve the tough bodies of the mountain-voln out of the very rocks themselves.
“This is the truth that the button men beat out of their slaves.” He hissed. “In time the ones they steal from us begin to believe that Lios was the first and that he made the other voln before the mountain-voln, and so we should be their servants and soldiers. But look how mighty we are! How strong and how tall!” He stood proudly, pushing out his chest, his dark eye gleaming as he continued. “Mountain-voln are brave. Braver than the city-voln who build walls of fake stone to protect themselves! We live on the stone and face the blizzard with no fear!”
Harl suspected from his bravado that Miran had already taken more surreptitious sips of Alnim’s rice wine, but he placated the giant man.
“You’re not wrong. I grew up among city-voln, and the mountain-voln are a hundred times braver!”
“A thousand times braver!”
Miran continued his boasting all the while they were trudging further up the slope. It was hot air, but it made a diversion from worrying about Cole’s current silence, or about what might await them at the place where the bastard gods had once walked in the mountains. All the while Harl held onto Miran’s pendant, as the man had refused to take it back all the while it still arced from Harl’s fingers and pointed strongly.
The One Who Hungers had wanted to go to the top of the mountain, to try to eat the bastard gods. Why had it thought that they might be there? Had it dreamt of them too? Had it a sense inside of it, like the pendant, pulling it northwards and upwards to the ends of the lands of the volnen? Harl’s thoughts tumbled over each other and he drew closer to Cole to try to see if the man had any wisdom he would share. But Cole seemed to be in a dark mood.
“Have I done something wrong?” Harl asked sincerely.
“Leave it be lad.” Growled the tall man from within the shadows of his hood.
“Speak to me, Cole.” He asked simply, allowing a space to grow between them and the rest of the party.
Cole huffed and sighed, “As if its not hard enough to breath up here, you want me to waste words on telling you… what? That I am sorrowfilled about something? Leave it be, lad.”
“No.” Harl insisted. “Tell me.”
Cole stopped, turning slightly, so what little of his face Harl could see under his hood was covered. “That wineskin you gave Miran.”
“A small price for-”
“I wanted it. I wanted it more than I have ever wanted anything. More than… you wouldn’t understand.”
Cole had stopped his drinking in Emphon, been free of it since then until they had shared Alnim’s rice wine, the hospitality of the chief of the village and something not to be rejected. And now Cole was back where he had started.
“I have a… need for it.”
If Harl could have snatched the wineskin back from the mountain-voln and handed it to Cole then and there he would have done, just to never hear that pain in his voice again. But what Cole needed was not more rice-wine. Nor more vernoush, or ale, or beer. He needed to be free of all of that as he had been for many months.
A dark thought entered Harl’s mind. Another charm would do it. It would be okay this time. He knew what to do to make it go right this time. And Cole needed him to do it, to help him. And he needed to help him!
Harl felt a sudden queasy sickness deep in his belly, as though the snow covered slope they passed over was actually one of the ‘crevasses’ that the mountain-voln had warned them about. It felt as though the ground had suddenly just dropped away beneath them just as they had described and his stomach lurched with his vertigo.
He needed to charm Cole.
He was becoming as dependent on his ability to change others’ minds as Cole was on the rice-wine. A shiver ran through him.
“No.” He said to Cole and to himself. “You do not need it. I swear to you Cole, you do not.” He took Cole’s hand this time, and, knowing that he could charm him at any moment if he wished, he merely held it for a moment concentrating making his promise to him.
“Aye, well maybe you are right.” Cole said, sounding not very convinced. “At least if we head onwards on this path there’ll be no taverns up here at the end of the world to tempt me.”
Cole turned back and gave Harl a weak smile, and Harl returned it with his own much stronger one.
Previous Post Ghosts’ Prey, Chapter Fifteen, Part Four
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About Christina Aguilera’s ‘Lotus’ Cover
I linked out to Christina Aguilera’s cover for Lotus but I wanted to come back to it because I was curious about something. Obviously, the label wanted to make sure Christina didn’t look too, how shall I put this, pudgy on her cover so they told the Photoshop guy to touch it up a bit.
What I wanted to know is did the Photoshop guy take one look at it, throw his hands in the air and give up? Is that why all he did was put a gradient to white starting from her stomach to the floor?
#christina aguilera
There’s No Way This Is Christina Aguilera
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The reason why Christina chose to do this cover was because of 3 reasons 1st…..she wanted to pay homage to her Stripped era 2nd she did not want the LOTUS album cover to be about fashion or gimmicks!!!!!!! & 3rd she doesn’t think of herself nude on this LOTUS COVER” because her breasts are covered her genitalia is covered so it’s no different to say a woman on the beach wearing a two piece bikini. And for the record Victor……. Christina s not pudgy or fat she is HEALTHY the way woman are meant to look before a insecure MALE… Read more »
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Tag Archives: Joe Biden goofs
Top 10 Communication Blunders of 2011
We all make mistakes while speaking. I do, for sure.
What’s the biggest communication blunder you ever made before a large audience?
I still wince and squirm today when I remember mine. I was a college official reading the citation honoring a prominent alumna–with 400 audience members listening. I was supposed to say that she wrote a play about the college in 1956. Accidentally, I said she wrote the play in 1856. By placing her in a previous century, I made her appear ten decades older than she was. Odd thing was, I wasn’t aware of my goof up until a fellow administrator kidded me about it afterward. “Oh,” I answered, “that explains why everybody was laughing when I said that.” As you can guess, I apologized to the honoree afterward, though I couldn’t retract the 100-year mistake.
Possibly that memory prompts me to select the top ten communication blunders made annually–the goofs, gaffes, and glitches that brought the most embarrassment. Here’s my list of the inglorious winners for 2011, along with the lessons their mistakes offer.
1. In Spartanburg, South Carolina, Michele Bachmann urged the crowd to join her in celebrating Elvis Presley’s birthday. Thinking that was a grand applause line, she was stunned by the tepid response. Turns out that August 16 wasn’t the Rock and Roll King’s birthday. Quite the reverse, as that was the date of his death thirty-four years ago.
LESSON: Check your facts or have somebody else do that before you speak.
2. Following a gaudy, much-ballyhooed wedding ceremony, Kim Kardashian announced the end of her marriage after 72 days, citing “irreconcilable differences.”
LESSON: Every married couple faces irreconcilable differences. Wise up, Kim. Your next boyfriend and you will have them, and you’ll encounter them with all of your future husbands. Those of us who stay married to each other recognize that the irreconcilable differences are going to stay there, aren’t as devastating as we first thought, and can be tolerated. Eventually, both the husband and wife can learn to laugh at their foibles and differences.
3. Mitt Romney bet Rick Perry $10,000 that Romney didn’t support a national health care program based on the one Romney had championed in Massachusetts.
LESSON: Never flaunt your affluence. When a tenth of the U.S. is out of work, and a large percentage of those employed are pinching pennies because they don’t know when they will be downsized, disengaged, or whatever else means they’ll no longer get a paycheck, announcing your ability to make a five figure wager doesn’t keep you in touch with the men and women who are deciding which candidate understands their plight.
4. Perry, though, had his own “Oops” moment when he insisted he would eliminate three government agencies soon after his inauguration: “Commerce, Education, and. . . .er.” For 47 agonizing seconds, he tried to think of the third agency he had targeted, but couldn’t. Shortly afterward, he spoofed himself on David Letterman’s show, hoping that self-deprecating humor could repair the damage.
LESSON: Don’t promise to do more than you can even remember yourself.
5. Alec Baldwin continued to play a “Words with Friends” game on his phone, after American Airlines flight attendants asked him to shut down the device as the crew prepared for takeoff. Baldwin went nuclear, and then deplaned involuntarily after confronting attendants with impolite language. Interviewed afterward, Baldwin lamented that he was “singled out by this woman in the most unpleasant of tones.” He equated commercial airline travel to riding a “Greyhound Bus,” monitored by attendants who resembled a 1950s gym teacher on duty.
LESSON: When you’ve broken the rules, and continued to do that after several warnings, admit your mistake. Assume the blame yourself, without chiding others who are just doing their job.
6. When New York Representative Anthony Weiner sent lewd pictures of a portion of his anatomy to a woman via Twitter, as the scandal broke he proclaimed repeatedly, “Somebody hacked my account.” Turns out the early reports were an underestimate, because Weiner ultimately confessed that he had used his anatomical photographic skill to woo at least six women.
LESSON: Blaming the Internet for something you caused yourself is like blaming your car for crashing after you left a bar at 4:00 a.m.
7. Discussing a golf match between President Obama and House Speaker John Boehner, Hank Williams Jr said the links pairing was comparable to having Adolf Hitler play 18 holes with Benjamin Netanyahu. Almost immediately, ESPN dropped Williams’ theme song from the Monday Night Football opening segment.
LESSON: Be careful about comparisons. Hitler was a bad guy,very evil. Murdered millions of people, devastated the face of Europe. Worst racist in history. Whatever your opinion of the President of the United States, you aren’t smart to mention the President in the same sentence that refers to Herr Hitler.
8. Of course, the President himself voiced a disconnect between his brain and his tongue more than once. Prime example: When meeting with a jobs council in Durham, NC, he responded to those who said that cumbersome government regulations were blocking work on America’s infrastructure–a program Obama had championed. The President answered, “Shovel-ready was not as. . uh. . .shovel-ready as we expected.”
LESSON: Humor at the wrong time will backfire horribly. Cute play on words, Mr. President. However, the council didn’t want a quip, they wanted your commitment to facilitate thousands of jobs for people eager to rejoin the employment arena.
9. Vice President Joe Biden took a 25-second nap during President Obama’s speech touting his deficit reduction plan. You Tube helped make Biden’s snoozing infamous to tens of thousands of viewers.
LESSON: You don’t even have to speak to make a major communication blunder. The experts are right–body language transmits unmistakably clear messages.
10. On the highly popular weekly TV football show College Game Day, Lee Corso became careless while talking about the game between the University of Houston and SMU. Defying the odds makers who assured a Houston win, Corso picked up an SMU microphone and shouted the “F” word (and he wasn’t referring to the cheerleader’s typical plea for the team to “Fight”).
LESSON: Be careful with your customary daily lingo. Ed McMahon, Johnny Carson’s sidekick on the Tonight Show for thirty years, claimed in his autobiography that he never used profanity off the air–because he was afraid that offensive words could become habitual, and he would use them during a broadcast. Rather wise advice, because our daily habits become quite transparent when the spotlight hits us and tension mounts.
Those are my Top 10 communication blunders for 2011, with the lessons they provide. Have some you want to add? Respond, please, through the comments section.
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Posted in Broadcasting, college athletics, Diplomatic Speech, Internet, Perception, public speaking, Tact | Tagged Anthony Weiner twitter hacked, Corso F word, Hank Williams Jr Hitler, Joe Biden goofs, Kim Kardashian irreconcilable, Michele Bachmann mistakes, Obama gaffes, Obama shovel-ready, Perry Oops, Romney bet with Perry
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No nonsense F1 content for all levels of fans!
Bahrain GP – Race Review
Posted bythef1lifeofficial 2nd Dec 2020 Posted in2020, F1, Race ReviewTags:Bahrain gp, Race Review
A enthralling Bahrain Grand Prix came to a close as Lewis Hamilton claimed his ninety fifth career victory however the mood around the paddock was that of relief as at the beginning of the race Romain Grosjean was the victim of a horrific accident.
The first lap began with Lewis Hamilton on pole getting an excellent start but the case wasn’t the same for his Mercedes teammate as he lost several places dropping down the order. Max Verstappen also got an excellent start jumping into second place but not more than Sergio Perez who moved from fifth to third where as Alex Albon who was ahead of the Mexican simultaneously lost and gained places to remain a net fourth. The action wasn’t exclusive to the front end of the grid as drivers throughout the order traded places but those battles didn’t last long either as the red flag was brought out.
Romain Grosjean whilst in the midst of a scrap with Daniil Kvyat at the exit of turn three had the rear of his car clipped by the front wing of the Alpha Tauri as the Frenchman cut across in front of the Russian thus sending his Haas into the Barriers and almost instantaneously his car exploded into a huge ball of flames. It took a few seconds as marshals rushed onto the scene for Grosjean to climb out of the inferno but thankfully he seemed to be relatively fine all things considered. The wreckage left behind bore testament to the extent of the crash as one half of Grosjean’s car lay to the side the other which he was in had gone through the barrier and was engulfed in flames which the marshals worked to put out.
Grosjean was then taken by medical staff to a hospital and reports since then have confirmed that his only injuries were burns to his hands.
After a lengthy stoppage during which marshals worked to repair the damaged barrier racing resumed with a standing start. Lewis Hamilton once again got a good start and so did several other drivers but that only lasted several corners as well as Lance Stroll who was in a battle with Carlos Sainz that had them trading positions for a while was hit by Daniil Kvyat as the Russian tried to sneak an overtake on the Canadian subsequently flipping the Racing Point upside down. This meant that Stroll was effectively eliminated from the race and Kvyat was handed a ten second penalty for causing a collision.
The collision resulted in a safety car during which Sebastian Vettel made clear to his team his frustration with Charles Leclerc not giving him enough space, Valtteri Bottas had picked up debris resulting in a puncture thus compounding the Finn’s problems as he further dropped down the order from having to do a unscheduled pitstop. Up until this point with all the chaos that had ensued not a single lap of racing had been completed.
Racing once again resumed with Lewis Hamilton carving out a commanding lead from nearest competitor Verstappen who did the same to Perez with mexican seeming to enjoy running in third place, with his teammate out of the race a third place finish would help Racing Point maintain third place in the Constructor’s Championship Championship ahead of Renault and McLaren. Renault were having a less than desirable race as they both battled Charles Leclerc then each other seemingly losing time in doing so and were further made to feel the consequence of doing so as Pierre Gasly was able to pull away and Carlos Sainz who started fifteenth, was able to catch up to both of them then pass them both as he carved his way up the field.
Bottas wasn’t having an easy time replicating the Spaniard as he struggled to get past traffic in the midfield perhaps due to the fact that the Mercedes car is primarily designed to lead from the front and not follow through the pack.
As the race approached the final laps it seemed Perez was on course to claim two consecutive podiums but misfortune would befall the Mexican as engine failure led to his car catching on fire on the rear thus retiring him from the race. This also meant Racing Point suffered a double DNF and did not score any points. They dropped from third to fourth in the Constructor’s Championship and with the two McLaren drivers finishing in fourth and fifth, they now have a seventeen point lead from Racing Point which they only need to hold on to for the next two races.
Alex Albon inherited the final step on the podium to claim his second podium of the season and his career, whilst it may have been down to good luck on his behalf such performances may very well convince Red Bull to retain the Thai for next season.
The race came to an end under the safety car, a somewhat anti-climactic end to a race that served as a reminder to the dangers of motorsport and a testament to the effectiveness of the steps taken to ensure driver safety.
Bahrain GP – Qualifying Report
Mercedes Confirm Toto For Three More Years and INEOS Become One Third Equal Shareholder
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Feature 99 – Mr. Jingles (2006)
Posted on February 28, 2017 by thetombofanubis Standard
or “The Man Who Laughs (and Kills)”
Featuring: Kelli Jensen ; Nathaniel Ketcham ; Chris “Surviving the Rush” Peters
Director: Tommy “They Must Eat” Brunswick
Writer: Todd “The Remake” Brunswick
Sequel: Jingles the Clown
“The more important question is, do you have any pretzels?”
In the greatest piece of fast food news since they brought back cheesy tots, for Valentine’s Day Israeli Burger Kings offered “adult” meals that came with free sex toys, upgrading from happy meals to happy ending meals!… yes, I know that’s McDonald’s, but suspend your disbelief for the sake of the joke, okay? Though I don’t expect this to be a thing at BKs in our neck of the planet anytime soon (despite the rapist-in-chief being in office), it wouldn’t surprise me if Carl’s Jr. took their dirt-bag exploitation business model in a similar direction by offering a free bottle of their famous Budweiser cheese-flavored lube and a mini-fleshlight/pocket vibrator with every purchase of a Double Bacon 3-Way Burger value meal.
Get it? “3-Way Burger”? Cuz it’s sex. Get it? Yeah. Softcore commercials of Hustler rejects jamming garbage-even-by-fast-food-standards burgers in their mouths while stuffing bacon cheese fries up their o-rings (and that ‘o’ doesn’t stand for “onion”). Of course, that last part is always cut from the ads, as they’re only meant for Andy “Jerks off in the special sauce” Puzder’s private collection.
With that out of the way, it’s time to put on your rainbow wig, refill your squirting flower and lace-up your over-sized novelty footwear!
Before we delve too deeply into today’s quicksand cinema, I’m sad to report that The Tomb’s beloved feline elder, Merlin “Don’t call me Murray” Cow, has written the final page of his life story. Living to the ripe old age of 16, he was too good and pure (and stupid) for this world, and will take his place in the pet pantheon of the great beyond. However, as Mrs. Forrester once historically proclaimed, the only balm that truly soothes an aching blood pump is a skin-peelingly bad movie! If that’s true, then boy howdy is Mr. Jingles just the hypodermic full of morphine I need right now.
Today’s Zodiacal feature is probably the no-est no-budget backyard bad movie I’ve seen since Addicted to Murder or pretty much any movie released by Brimstone Productions in the ’90s. Don’t feel bad if your crap movie education doesn’t include a course in Brimstone, because not only are they obscure as fuck (and for good reason), but you’re better off not losing anymore hours of your life than you’re already losing reading these reviews. Maybe I’ll break out my old VHS tapes and write an e-book.
Back to the Jingling (which is what the sequel should’ve been called), the length is a merciful 74 minutes, 7 of which could’ve been further shaved from the opening and closing credits. You know what’s not a great way to start your movie? Almost 4 minutes of big orange names fading in and out of a black background while some slow, generic rock song plays over it. No doubt performed by the director’s cousin’s Stryper cover band, probably recorded the morning after they were yet again eliminated in the first round of another “Battle of the Bands” competition at The Chug & Piss & Chug Again Pub.
When we find our way to the other side of this debilitating limbo of an intro, it feels like we walked into the theater a few minutes late. A twenty-something actress (Kelli Jensen, whose only other IMDB credit is an episode of ‘Nash Bridges’) trying to convince the audience that she’s a 12 year old girl (by putting her hair in pigtails and wearing little girl pajamas) named Angie Randall hides in her bedroom closet while a murderous maniac in clown makeup named Mr. Jingles (Dr. Rudolph Hatfield, because he didn’t go to evil clown medical school to not be addressed by his honorific) kills her parents with a pair of hatchets. Dad (David Cunningham) has already been dealt with by the time we walk in on the situation and, if Mr. J’s taunting of Angie minutes later is to be believed, the greasepainted spiller of gore put a fatal hatchet wound in daddy’s ass! Icky. Jingles is NOT to be believed, however, as when Pops pops back up later in a last breath effort to protect his daughter, the seat of his acid wash jeans remains fully intact and without so much as a Chipotle stain, let alone the promised superfluous additional ass crack.
So, not only is our eponymous antagonist a murderer, but worse he’s also a liar. Well that’s just great. Given such a poor role model it’s no wonder the youth today are such a mess what with their underwear on the outside and their “emorgies” (emoji orgies) and the Twix-ing. Just thinking about it makes my lumbago act up! Somebody get me my Dr. Johnny Walker’s Patented Magical Miracle Tonic!
Though we missed Mr. Randall’s initial injuring, we do show up just in time to see his wife (Karen Turner) get her own innards eviscerated! Well, not really. Technically her sweater gets sliced open and we watch as the pile of butcher shop pig guts she was storing in there for some reason spill out onto the floor.
(Weird. I always thought the large intestines were attached to things. Human biology be damned!)
While hidden deeper in the closet than the dad on ‘The Brady Bunch’, Angie soaks her unmentionables like they were one of those diapers they pour the blue liquid into in the commercials. I’m guessing she had a lot of asparagus that day too, as Mr. J can smell it from across the room, declaring her a bad girl for pissing her panties. Now I just wish I were watching the original Last House on the Left, because as much as watching Krug and friends torment the girls makes my soul want to vomit all over the entirety of existence, at least I wouldn’t be watching Mr. Jingles. Existential dilemma…
(Strange how neither her pajama bottoms nor underwear absorbed that. Maybe they were made of that water repellent fabric that only looks like cotton.)
As I was saying before being so rudely interrupted by myself, the now cornered Angie opts for flight over fight and makes a break for freedom, easily slipping by her pursuer only to trip over mom’s corpse. Her resultant screaming alerts a pair of plain clothes detectives sitting outside in their car (stakeouting because, as we find out, Jinglypuff has been busy on this particular street as of late), which I find odd since J’s louder shouting as he taunted Angie throughout the house wasn’t enough to catch their attention. The cries of distress prompt the pair to spring into action (good thing Coily the Spring Sprite wasn’t there to fuck things up) and fire a few new breathing holes into Jingles with their prop guns that don’t have muzzle flash when fired, and whose shots were just blatantly made with dollar store pop guns. Angie is saved, preceded by the odd random sound of sleigh bells as circus boy attempts to tell her something that will no doubt result in a major pseudo twist/reveal before the finale. Whoopee. And I don’t mean cushions.
Lucky Number Sleven years later (or “seven” if you just want to sandbag my terrible joke), Angie’s lack of pigtails and shapeless bedtime attire denote that she’s all grown up now. And just in time to be discharged from the mental health facility (which is clearly just someone’s living room) she’s been kept in since the death of her parents.
She’s released to the care of her Aunt Helen (Nicole Majdali) with whom she moves in, along with our heroine’s clear lack of significant possessions. Also living with her are her cousins Heidi (Jessica Hall) and Dylan (Nathaniel Ketcham). Heidi’s your typical unremarkable “business casual” girl who is in her early-twenties, while Dylan is your stereotypical Hot Topic high schooler (despite looking to be hovering around 25) and looks like he’d be better suited to play Renton in a musical version of Trainspotting. At least he wears a Goblin shirt for the entirety of his screen time, so that’s one thing not to be disgusted by. It turns out that he’s also enamored with the Mr. Jingles legend and keeps a binder of his collection of newspaper clippings (I’m assuming, since they never show what’s in the damn binder!). He leaves it out in the open too, where Angie immediately discovers it not even five minutes after moving in. Intentional or idiotic? You decide!
Dyl Pickle’s girlfriend and fellow mall goth emo stoner punkish is Melanie (Heather Doba), who decks herself out as a wanna-be member of The Craft. She’s so dark and brooding that when we first meet her she’s smoking weed and giggling profusely about being “The Pretzel Queen”. With the help of their doobie buddies, Chris (Doug Kolbicz) and Curtis (Brian Zoner… which can’t be his real name), the couple plan to ruin Angie’s big welcome home birthday party later by attempting a convoluted Mr. Jingles themed knock-off of the already convoluted sequence from Halloween where Myers, for no other reason than adding some extra theatrical zing to his murder spree, dug up and dragged a quarter-ton headstone around with him… I hate that movie sometimes.
When the quartet head to the local boneyard to dig up Jingles’ tombstone, they find Mel’s dad Bill (Chris Peters – one of the only actors in the cast with a picture in their IMDB profile), who we’ll remember as one of the cops who saved pigtails Angie in the opening. Along with him is Bill’s then-partner-turned-mayor Baines (Tom Reeser) and the cemetery caretaker (Michael Pilson), who called them upon the discovery of a dead body on his God’s acre. The corpse in question is a nameless stranger (John Anton – another actor with an IMDB head shot!) who was dispatched earlier while drunkenly yelling at his mom or dad’s grave, bitching at them for leaving him nothing but unpaid bills and “an alcoholic gene”. His immediate massacre was heralded by a familiar sound byte of sleigh bells before his hand was hatcheted off, screaming all the while like a proverbial girl. The caretaker, who I’ll call “Carl” for the rest of the review, shouts rampant angry accusations at Baines, blaming him for inciting the initial Mr. Jingles murders and also for the new mass killings to come on this, the Sleventh anniversary of the madman’s violent ventilation. But wasn’t he turned into Swiss cheese in a rainbow wig? If he’s dead, how could he possibly be responsible for this nameless dead extra? Surely you, dear reader, underestimate the power of half-assed screenwriting!
After chewing out Baines, Carl takes Bill back to his creepy little apartment for a friendly plot drop over a cup of General Foods International Coffee. According to his story, Jingles was wrongfully accused (starring Leslie Nielsen and Kelly LeBrock!) fifteen years ago when, on her birthday, a freshly four Angie was almost abducted by a bad bad man in their neighborhood. Children’s party clown Mr. Jingles actually saved Angie from the bastard, but her family and neighbors thought her hero was actually her kidnapper and proceeded to beat the Samaritan within that inch of life people always like to refer to. How can you measure someone’s life, either by length of time or quality of physical being, using inches? Shouldn’t you say that he was “near-fatally beaten” and leave it at that? Meh. Pardon my semantics. Not to be confused with my mutant ticks that killed all those seamen.
(Semantics. Seamen ticks. Laugh.)
Though the real Freddy Keurig Krueger copycat was later captured in the act of trying to nab another brat, Jingles was still jailed for his non-crime to cover up the fact that his gang assault was one big illegal beatdown that would’ve landed everyone involved behind bars themselves. During his time in the big house, Jing-a-ling took up the popular horror movie hobby of occult studies between sessions of being beaten and raped by the guards and his fellow inmates. After 3 years he managed to escape, leaving his little black magic handbook behind in his cell, allowing Carl (who worked at the facility at the time) to snag it for his personal collection. Over the next 4 years (at least if the movie’s muddled timeline is to be believed) Jingles exacted his revenge on the guilty families before finally being stopped that fateful night by Bill and his stupid prop pop gun. But, if Carl’s to be believed, our dollar store Pennywise, with his dying breath, uttered some manner of incantation that made his body a flophouse for residents from the lake of fire. For whatever reason (movie magic is often oddly [i.e. conveniently] loose with the details), said Satanic slumlord of his own biological apartment complex has now returned, Slevin years after his seeming demise and coincidentally coinciding with Angie’s release from the loony bin. Following his long period of unemployment he’s ready to get back to work, confusing his victims with his out-of-season sleigh bells before shoving hatchets into their faces.
Despite being the protagonista of the production, Angie’s part of the movie is the least entertaining, hence why I’ve made a zilch level effort in talking about it till now. It’s just girl talk garbage scenes of Angie, Heidi and Heidi’s friends planning the “Welcome Back to Normalcy and Happy 19th Birthday!” festivities. Oh, and Aunt Helen gets called out of town for important business reasons we’re supposed to ignore. Why? Without her around, the girls can invite boys over against their legal guardian’s instructions! Scandal!
At one point, Heidi just stands in front of the bathroom mirror eye fucking her own amateur porn chesticles for several minutes while letting the shower run (thus WASTING HOT WATER!) as Angie drifts off to sleep in the adjoining room and has a nightmare about Mr. J. Once we get past the detours, our destination leads to the “party”, where the girls and a handful of “band guys” they’re all squishy over sit around smoking weed and trying to get Angie (at her behest) a piece of Rusty (Jacob Baily), the townie Frank Booth – in that he’ll fuck anything that moves. With a name like “Rusty”, and given his infamous promiscuity, I’d bet anything that his circulatory system is swimming with more STDs than Kid Rock’s nut chum. When he walks out on Angie during foreplay (10 minutes of tongue wrestling is about 8 minutes too much) because she has the ill-timed hallucination of her stalker’s face that every PTSD female has in any horror or thriller movie, you have to figure she’s better off not spending the last few moments of her life being invade by Rusty’s penile plagues.
Back to that whole prank thing the potheads were putting together, Dyldo and Mel go back home to pretend sex and leave it up to the C-Boyz to acquire Jingles’ headstone. The fuckoes fail their task when you-know-who literally materializes from nowhere in his new demonic form (i.e. under a rubber mask and wearing demon dentures) and wrecks them both, smacking one in the face with the other’s dick… well, a dildo that we’re supposed to believe is a dick, except that it’s fully erect and has the little “for heightened realism” rubber ballsack front portion still attached…
The murderer's marker in question is hilariously fake too, as it's set aside from the rest of the cemetery stones and much smaller and cleaner than the others despite having been there under little-to-no tree coverage for the last Slevin years. Although Jingles' real name is never mentioned (he's solely referred to by his stage moniker), his stone lists his name as “David Hess”, which explains his perving predilection for Angie's soiled drawers. Now, correct me if I'm wrong, but aren't murderers' bodies cremated after they die? I mean, sure, Friday the 13th Part V could have been lying to me about that (which it clearly was, given Jason’s non-cremated body returning in Part VI), but even if Jingles’ body was left for worm food instead, wouldn’t it have been in an unmarked grave to prevent vandalism and/or body snatching? Uggh, this review is going on longer than this movie deserves and making my brain burn way more calories than it should be.
Back at Carl’s place, after spending 10 minutes of runtime convincing Bill that they need to defeat Jingles with an enchanted ceremonial blade (that was probably purchased for $19.99 on one of those 3am knife-o-mercials), the clown shows up at Carl’s door without any explanation of how he knew where to find him and jams his fist through the torso of the only enjoyable member of the entire cast, making the middle finger he flips the camera all the more painfully pertinent.
(Take that people who paid money to watch this camcorder crap pile!)
Our painted predator then proceeds to beat Bill down with the dull sides of his hatchets…thus solidifying that the former law enforcer is now guaranteed to show up again during the finale, bruised but brave, to make the save because Jingleberries forgot how his baby axes work. Maybe he should get a pair of “this side toward victim” stickers for future reference.
From here on out, it’s just a matter of upping the bodycount as much as possible before the curtain call. Mel dresses like Mr. J to scare the uppity party guests devoid of feces, only to be predictably taken out by the real thing, stabbed in the back with the dildo that’s supposed to be her dead friend’s still very erect dismembered member. This leads to Heidi and her boyfriend going into the backyard to investigate, only to be killed themselves. The rest of the group (Dylan included) are all killed off as well, leaving Angie alone to experience Jing Jong-un’s Happy Birthday to Me inspired “corpses positioned sitting around a table” set piece. The two seem poised for their final confrontation, but instead we cut to Mayor Baines and a pair of patrol piggies busting onto the scene, discovering Angie alone among the dead (great name for my next Sex Golem album) and wielding a familiar pair of hatchets. Twist ending that doesn’t make any sense because it was impossible for Angie to be in two places at the same as much as she would have to have been to be the movie’s surprise killer? Nice try, Todd, but nobody’s stupid enough to fall for it. Especially not the guy who sussed the plot twist of The Village just ten minutes into the movie!
Immediately dropping its false finish, as Angie is being led away for the suspected slaughter of her peers and dickhead Baines postulates she’ll spend the rest of her life in the dangerous criminals wing of the mental ward, Bill (toldja so) appears from the darkness and cold cocks the attending female officer (Hitchcocked by directress Tommy Brunswick). He makes off with Angie so the pair can seek to end the menace of The Jingler in the sequel while said unholy roller gives himself two last victims in Baines and the male officer. They made a sequel to this bowel obstruction?! Yep. When your first movie is made for the cost of a rented camcorder, a boom mic, some blank VHS tapes, and enough Red Vines and Mountain Dew to keep your cast happy, you just knew the Brunswicks would be back to make a follow-up as soon as their income taxes cleared!
Oh, and about that big reveal of the thing Jingles tried to tell pigtails Angie before he was shot? Well, according to the nightmare she has before things go to shit, he said “I’ll see you later”…yep, that’s it. A meta joke about the trite cliches of mass produced movie scripts, or just another lead zeppelin attempt at unironically engaging in said cliches? I’ll leave you to figure that out for yourself, as I now need to grab a nap thanks to the narcolepsy that watching Mr. Jingles has struck me with.
…Or, as the imp in the red pajamas keeps telling me as it pokes my ribs with its pitchfork, I need to finish this review. In the name of Dan Kester’s stained man girdle, sometimes I really regret signing my name to that ominous looking scroll in my own blood. Uggh.
Maybe it’s the chronic depression talking, but this movie wasn’t even “so bad it’s funny” fare. It was just pathetic. Bland. Boring. Incapable of eliciting any emotional response from its audience beyond a lot of yawns and watch checking. Funny must have had an order of protection placed against Jingles’ jokes, because there wasn’t a chuckle to be had from any of them. Even Killjoy had a better gag writer than Mr. J, and I harbor a non-racially motivated HATRED for Killjoy!
Mr. Jingles is so stagnantly written and acted and just made that it’s not even worth doing a proper breakdown of. How it found any kind of distribution, even with one of those generically made “look at the evil painting of the monster on the cover!” DVD covers that were so big in the early 2000s, is less stupefying and more sad. Sad that some shithead at Lions Gate agreed to put it out, and I hope whomever it was that signed the contract in question has since exiled themselves to a tiny underground cell to live out whatever remains of their shameful existence, wallowing in their own filth.
There are no actors in this movie. It was not written by someone who deserves to call himself a writer, nor directed by someone who deserves to pretend she’s a director. This is not a movie. What we have here are just…lies. Fucking lies.
It’s probably gonna take me Slevin years to forget this friggin’ dick wrinkle excuse for a feature even exists, and that’s provided I never fall so far down the stairway of my own self worth that I opt to review its sequel first. But then, such is the suffering of the cinemasochist. Don’t cry for me, Argentina. I’m already dead…
Too dramatic? I should’ve been an actor. Speaking of, there is one worthwhile piece of this movie I can get behind besides Dylan’s Goblin t-shirt – Michael Pilson. Mike is the only person in the cast who actually made an effort to act, and boy does he go over the fucking moon. His aggressively angry, shouty style of thespianism made me wish he was the center of the flick, because he was the only star shining in this otherwise pitch black sky. So at least there’s that. Thank you Mr. Pilson.
On that note, cue the end credits. You can call me Doug, cuz I’m outta heeeeeeeeeere.
Moral of the Story: Just because the word “movie” is included in the term “home movie” does not make them actual movies. Keep your community college film class projects to yourself. Or just tape over them with reruns of ‘Rocko’s Modern Life’ like I did. Whatever you do, don’t sell them to Lions Gate, because those time vampire a-holes don’t care whose lives they waste. You don’t want that guilt on your shoulders, do you? You shouldn’t.
I call bullshit! That should say “A Tommy Brunswick VIDEO”, because there’s no way this movie was shot on film!
First, “Station Wagons” is two words. Also, the other name sounds like an obtuse way of saying “palm full of jizz”.
A 20 year-old blond wearing pigtails and pretending she’s much younger? That’s usually something you only find in those movies that are preceded by an “All models appearing in this video are 18 years or older” disclaimer.
How the rest of the world sees our new Cheeto-in-Chief.
I never knew Juggalo scrapbookers existed until now.
“Hello? Nintendo Power Line? I was wondering if you had any tips to help me with Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Throw it in my toilet, then burn the house down? Got it!”
“Come on, guys. I found out where the neighborhood boys hide their stash of Playboys! We’ll steal ’em all and replace them with my mom’s old Playgirls!”
Every hetero guy’s worst nightmare: when your girlfriend/wife gets her hair done and asks you how it looks.
Set props provided by whatever was left over after the Brunswicks’ last garage sale.
Hey! It’s the movie’s only fan! (And the look on that guy’s face is probably very similar to yours having read this.)
“It’s not gay, man, it’s a prostate massager! Prostate massage is a perfectly natural and healthy way for men to enhance sexual stimulation! Don’t be such a judgmental puritan!”
Folks, never buy your girlfriend lingerie from the “Day After Valentine’s Day Discount Bin” at WalMart. It won’t work out for either of you.
And here we have a failed prototype design for unused Thundercats character Jestro. I’m not sure the story behind it, but it’s easy to see why the show’s creators passed on using him.
“Guess Who’s Dying at Dinner”
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Feature 98 – The Greasy Strangler (2016)
The State of the Tomb – Smarch 2017
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HCMC to have additional 60,000 square meters of retail space
The retail space at a local shopping center. HCMC will have an additional 60,000 square meters of retail space this year – PHOTO: LDO
HCMC – HCMC will have an additional 60,000 square meters of retail space this year with the reopening of the Union Square in District 1 and the launch of the Socar Shopping Mall project in District 2, according to a press release by property service provider CB Richard Ellis (CBRE) Vietnam.
From 2022, the supply of retail space will be mainly in the eastern and central parts of the city. CBRE predicted the city would have an extra 500,000 square meters of retail space in the next five years, Thanh Nien Online newspaper reported.
Besides catering, healthcare and beauty care services, supermarkets, fashion and accessory stores, some other sectors were expected to have a higher demand for retail space this year, such as showrooms for cars, household appliances and high-end goods.
Due to the impact of Covid-19, HCMC saw almost no new supply of retail space in 2020. Besides the flagship store of Uniqlo which was opened earlier, only the Parkson shopping center in District 1 was reopened in the last quarter with two key lessees — MUJI and Kohnan.
By the end of last year, the city’s retail market had an area of more than one million square meters. The rentals of the retail space fell a slight 3%-5%. Some projects reported a higher reduction, at 8%-15%, due to a smaller number of shoppers and a 15% increase in the vacancy rate over the pre-pandemic period.
Meanwhile, the office-for-lease market continued facing difficulties as many enterprises have been hit by the pandemic. The market saw three new office buildings with a total area of more than 65,000 square meters last year, including the Friendship Tower, the UOA Tower and the Opal Tower.
By 2020, HCMC had more than 1.4 million square meters of offices to be leased, including 18 grade-A buildings and 68 grade-B buildings. As their vacancy rates increased 18.1% and 9.1%, respectively, the rentals declined.
In 2021 and 2022, HCMC will have more than 15,000 square meters of space to be leased, with the introduction of six new buildings—Pearl 5 Tower, Cobi Tower, The Graces, Saigon First House, Spirit of Saigon and Etown 6.
Source: https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/80139/hcmc-to-have-additional-60000-square-meters-of-retail-space.html
HCMC proposes demolishing old apartment buildings if half of residents agree
VIETNAM BUSINESS NEWS JANUARY 13
Vietnam Electricity will conduct price marketization to encourage investment in electricity industry and follow the State-regulated market mechanism.
Vietnam will officially run the competitive retail electricity market in 2023 as part of efforts to make the power sector more transparent and effective in comparison with the regional peers.
Deputy Prime Minister Trinh Dinh Dung at the meeting on January 12. Photo: VGP
Vietnam Electricity (EVN), the country’s sole power distributor, needs to facilitate the investment in infrastructure of the power industry to better connect power plants with the national grid, Deputy Prime Minister Trinh Dinh Dung said at a meeting on January 12.
EVN needs to prioritize energy efficiency together with reasonable import and export of power in national programs, Mr. Dung said, adding that the group should be active in recommending plans for electricity generation and transmission to ensure sufficient energy for socio-economic development, defense and security.
The solutions will aim to keep electricity prices stable. “High power prices will make Vietnamese goods uncompetitive,” the deputy PM said.
Competitive retail electricity market
Vietnam’s 2004 Electricity Law has provided the framework to develop a competitive power market, helping promote private investment, and establish a regulatory authority, according to the World Bank.
Under which, the private sector is encouraged to participate in each distribution company.
Whereas the power market is partially competitive, improved operational efficiency and financial performance of generators in this market has contributed to keeping generation costs relatively low.
Plans are broadly on track for further extensive reforms, including a clean energy transition, Alan David Lee and Franz Gerner said in “Learning from Power Sector Reform Experiences” policy research working paper published in March 2020.
Vietnam has seen significant changes to its market structure, gradually moving from a vertically integrated structure to a more competitive power market, the paper showed.
In less than two decades, the country’s power sector evolved from fragmented companies with high technical and financial losses to an integrated power system, and then to an unbundled group of stated-owned corporations with sizeable participation of domestic and international private sector actors in power generation.
Vietnam expects to run competitive retail electricity market by 2023. Photo: monre.gov.vn
2021 targets
Representatives of EVN said at the meeting that one of the group’s tasks for 2021 is to conduct price marketization to encourage investment in electricity industry and follow the State-regulated market mechanism.
Duong Quang Thanh, chairman of the Board of Directors at EVN, said the group will prioritize sufficient power supply in a stable manner in 2021 for the socio-economic targets.
EVN targets to increase output by 5.16% on-year to more than 228 billion kWh in 2021, System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) of less than 349 minutes, electricity loss rate less that 6.35%.
The group will boost the development of renewable energy to reduce imported materials and ensure stable supply.
In addition, it requires efforts to complete regulatory framework for the electricity industry, especially regulations on credit guarantee schemes as the sector needs huge amount of money for power generation and transmission.
Requirements on environmental protection become strict, demanding investors to develop clean energy sources.
Accordingly, applying advanced technology and using updated equipment will be a must in upcoming power projects.
“The last but not least is digital transformation that should be applied for the group’s operations and customer services to save cost,” EVN’s Deputy General Director Nguyen Tai Anh said at the meeting.
Currently, the group is running 16 software programs including ERP, CMIS 3.0, IMIS, PMIS, HRMS, E-OFFICE and EVNHES, for all its members.
EVN said one of its achievements in 2020 is lowering electricity loss rate to 6.42%, the third in ASEAN.
In 2020, the group offered electricity price reduction worth VND12.3 trillion (US$525 million) to customers as part of efforts to support them in the Covid-19 pandemic.
EVN’s members have so far operated a network of 29,638 megawatts (MW), accounting for roughly 43% of the national installed capacity.
In the year, the consumed power volume reached 216.95 billion kWh, up 3.42% on-year. Hanoitimes
Linh Pham
Source: https://vietnamnet.vn/en/feature/vietnam-to-launch-competitive-retail-electricity-market-in-2023-705234.html
Vietnam Airlines receives multimillion-dollar bailout package as state investment
State Capital Investment Corporation (SCIC), the investment arm of the Vietnamese government, is looking to funnel VND8 trillion (US$347 million) into the charter capital of the flagship air carrier Vietnam Airlines.
On Thursday, Nguyen Chi Thanh, CEO of SCIC, revealed that the state-owned company is working with Vietnam Airlines to settle the share prices for the airline’s incoming offerings.
As per the government’s Resolution 194 on the bailout for Vietnam Airlines in light of the COVID-19 crisis, the air carrier is allowed to offer more shares to existing shareholders to increase its charter capital. The government has assigned the SCIC to buy shares of Vietnam Airlines.
While Vietnam Airlines is devising the plan to increase its capital via share offering before submitting it for appraisal of the State Securities Committee, SCIC is working to set an offering price that matches the market evaluation, Thanh said.
According to the SCIC leader, in order to set a proper price, Vietnam Airlines must figure out its corporate value, which in turn requires a business plan for no less than five years.
However, the business has yet to provide a long-term business plan as its future are still kept in limbo, with the date for resumption of international flights – a significant baseline for the plan – is still largely uncertain.
“As the development of the pandemic on the world remains unpredictable, it is hard to establish a business plan for Vietnam Airlines. Without it, we can’t assess the value of the company. Only when Vietnam Airlines returns on international routes can its business operation recover,’ Thanh remarked.
On behalf of SCIC, Thanh suggested enlisting the help of a reliable international auditing firm to assess the corporate value of Vietnam Airlines.
Meanwhile, SCIC will continue working closely with the airline and report to the Committee for Management of State Capital at Enterprises as well as other relevant authorities to ensure the efficiency and lawfulness of the investment process.
Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter to get the latest news about Vietnam!
Source: https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/business/20210116/vietnam-airlines-receives-multimilliondollar-bailout-package-as-state-investment/58820.html
Think tank forecasts 6.46 percent growth for Vietnam
A container ship docks at Ben Nghe Port in Ho Chi Minh City. Photo by Shutterstock/Claudine Van Massenhove.
A government think tank has pegged economic growth at 6.46 percent this year thanks to the country’s success in containing the Covid-19 outbreak and maintaining stability.
Vietnam is one of the fastest recovering economies in Asia, the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) said in a report.
In the best case scenario, credit growth would be 13 percent against 10.1 percent last year, it said.
But it also warned of risks that could hamper growth, like the unpredictable global economic situation as the pandemic situation remains severe in many countries and possible anti-dumping and countervailing investigations by the U.S. and other countries.
Several international organizations have forecast a strong recovery for Vietnam this year, with lender HSBC forecasting growth of 7.6 percent. The International Monetary Fund and Asian Development Bank have forecast 6.5 percent and 6.1 percent growth.
The government has set a target of 6.5 percent.
Source: https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/economy/think-tank-forecasts-6-46-percent-growth-for-vietnam-4221938.html
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August 5, 2016 August 5, 2016 kennyu4
With the release of Warner Bros’ Suicide Squad , and the marketing focus on a huge part of people’s interest in the film, the Joker and Harley Quinn’s relationship, there’s been a wave of the exact same sentiment repeated ad nauseam on social media, that this relationship is toxic and should not be endorsed on any level. Going on any social media platform and searching the words “Joker and Harley” invites an avalanche of people lecturing no one in particular to “Stop shipping these 2! It’s abusive!” or some variation of “When I see a person who ships those 2 I think they are TERRIBLE and get MAD!”. The phrase “shipping” refers to basically anything having to do with wanting two people to be in a romantic relationship with each other, it usually refers more to potential couples rather than established ones, but it has evolved into being more of a nebulous term for fictional couples (and sometimes even celebrity ones). The Joker and Harley Quinn relationship has become a particular point of interest because it is not a healthy relationship, it is an abusive one between two very dangerous people. The knee jerk reaction becomes outright rejection of it among several circles of the internet, to the point of intolerance of anyone who enjoys watching them together. But it’s in that where people are overlooking what so many people liked about the pair in the first place.
Let’s make something very clear on the outset, nobody who likes Joker and Harley together is endorsing abusive relationships, or denies that it isn’t a healthy. The abuse is the dark underbelly of what is mostly a fun pair of villains that capture the attention of every scene they’re in together. The chemistry between these two, especially during the Mark Hamill and Arleen Sorkin days, is legendary. You can take a story about anything, have a decent amount of focus on just Joker and Harley interacting, and they could very well steal the whole thing. Before Batman v. Superman, there was the DC Animated Universe’s World’s Finest, which saw the team up of Batman and Superman as they did battle against Lex Luthor, the Joker, and Harley Quinn. If you’re wondering why so many people love these two together so much, watch that movie. It gives you a better Batman/Superman story than Zack Snyder did, and very entertaining and threatening villains in Joker and Harley, who basically steal the movie.
Obviously I’m overlooking a key thing here for certain folks that are reading this. “So what if they’re fun to watch, he still hits her, and that isn’t right” is what many of you may be thinking, and of course I know that isn’t right, but that doesn’t mean I ever want to stop seeing them together. The key to the Joker and Harley’s relationship is that it can be fun and interesting, but it can never be totally romanticized. We never see an episode of the animated series in which Harley debuted where the Joker works to win her back while being portrayed in a positive light. We always see it for what it is, an abuser using his charm and charisma to win back the devotion of a victim (although Suicide Squad has an interesting twist on this dynamic). That’s part of what makes the dramatic half of their relationship so intriguing, it projects an anti-abuse message more powerful than anything the independent Harley stories of the recent comics has produced. We are always going to remember Mad Love (a story that is to Harley Quinn what The Killing Joke is to the Joker), but I doubt we’ll be remembering any of solo Harley’s newer stories a year past their publication date. The reason for this is simple: At her core, Harley’s character works best when she’s with the Joker, her reason for being. Her character is ultimately supposed to be a tragic figure. Just like the Joker, who projects vibrancy and a twisted sense of fun towards the world, deep down, she’s another broken human being in the Batman’s rogues gallery who has lost her way in the world. The strongest exploration of that aspect of her character only happens when she’s with the Joker, the one who sparked the creation of the “Harley Quinn” persona.
People who like the Joker and Harley relationship, generally like it for many reasons. They love the “good” aspects of that pairing; their unmatched chemistry among villains, the fact that they can pull humour out of anything, that they don’t feel restricted and held down by any rules or normal expectations, and that they make everything they do seem amusingly theatrical. On the other hand, there’s people who are enraptured by the dramatic element to the relationship, the fact that they’re psychologically stunted people trapped in a cycle of abuse that is horrifying, but also very interesting to watch and see stories structured around. Sure you can have Harley break off from the Joker temporarily, but her character stops making sense as “Harley Quinn”, when the person she built the identity for stops being a factor in her life. They work best together, because they are interesting to watch work off each other, and the entire thrust of Harley’s narrative revolves around her relationship with the Joker. Her relationship with Ivy is also fun, but it’s another thing that works best in relation to the Joker, where Ivy is trying to get Harley away from him, while also not being all that great an alternative since she’s a homicidal maniac as well.
Next time you see someone shipping the Joker and Harley together on social media or calling them #goals, can you please give them the benefit of the doubt? Can you just assume they are not literally advocating for domestic violence like the people responding to them seem to think? The people who do ship the two almost certainly do so for the most straightforward of reasons, that they are supremely fun to watch together, and that their stories have a lot of substance despite their insanity. Wanting these two fictional characters together does not mean you endorse domestic violence or hate strong female characters. Being a “strong female character” shouldn’t just refer to characters who are emotionally put together and strong like Wonder Woman, it also should refer to their strength as characters on a writing level. The strongest writing around Harley has long been associated with her relationship with the Joker, which is why a lot of people remember her so fondly from her days in the Batman: The Animated Series. Joker/Harley shippers respond to their chemistry and the strength and story potential of their pairing, to suggest that anyone that doesn’t hate the ship hates the character of Harley, or worse, hates women, is presumptuous and small-minded. It presumes the stupidity and immorality of everyone who doesn’t think like you, and it’s the type of behaviour that has been running rampant online for far too long. I can go on and rant about this issue forever, but I think I’d have a lot more fun just watching the characters together again, hopefully those who hate the pairing so much that they can’t stomach people who like it can do the same to better understand why it is so beloved.
“Hello Mr. J, I’m Batman! Eat me! Eat me! Eat me!”
Harley Quinn, World’s Finest.
Categories: Animation, Shipping Tags: Batman, Batman v. Superman, Comic Books, Harley Quinn, Shipping, Suicide Squad, The Joker
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15 thoughts on “There is Nothing Wrong With Shipping the Joker and Harley Quinn”
dialhforhouston says:
I think a lot of it boils down to different interpretations of The Joker– and subsequently Harley.
There’s been a trend to make The Joker more and more murdery, with gorier and gorier crimes, culminating in the whole ‘wearing my own skinned face as a mask’ Joker from a few years ago. He’s a serial killer with a gimmick to make him creepy.
Whereas, in other (and I dare say ‘better’ interpretations, ’cause I grew up on the 90’s Batman cartoon) Joker and Harley are still evil and dangerous … but they’re still CLOWNS. They have style.
There’s a sense of theatricality to them and their evil schemes. As a result, it’s easier to milk pathos (or comedy) out of the pair when they’re trying to, say, poison everyone with a parade balloon filled with laughing gas, as opposed to ‘oh hey I just stabbed a guy and laughed about it.’ The more ridiculous a Joker plan is, the more separated it is from the actual horrors we see on the news every day, and that just comes as a plus in escapist comic book entertainment.
Daniel Aldrete says:
Why does entertainment HAVE to be a form of ESCAPISM?
Why does entertainment HAVE to be a form of ESCAPISM? Why can’t it be a reflection of reality like it used to be?
Dunno what it’s like where you live, but ‘An Evil Clown Fighting a Billionaire in a Bat Suit’ doesn’t reflect reality ’round my part of town.
scarlet says:
Absolutely true! I love Harley and The Joker in a relationship, and I in no way approve of abusive relationships. I like to focus on the good, more romantic aspects of their relationship. I don’t hate the pairing of Poison Ivy and Harley Quinn, but to me, they are very much like sisters instead which is why it makes it a little awkward when people ship them, or when they mention their romantic moments in AUs of comics. Thank you for explaining this so carefully and nicely. 🙂
jackie daniels says:
How on earth are they more like sisters Its one thing to say this if there werent so many inuendos in the comics but to say it when they clearly have kinda suggests you think they are sisterly just because of the fact they are two girls. not to mentiom dc confirmed they were girlfriends without the jealousy of monogamy
Theres everything wrong with shipping these two. It sends a bad message. I overheard a teenage girl after the movie gush to her friend how romantic the joker was when in reality we all know how manipulating and abusive he is. Sure these kids probably havent watched the 90s show or read the comics but to encourage this is wrong. Suicide Squad doesnt change the nature and history of Harley and the Jokers relationship. And my biggest problem is people calling them relationship goals. Thats why so many kids ship people. Because they want that kind of relationship. I do give them the benefit of the doubt that they arent aware of how toxic this relationship is. But regardless Im going to call them out and inform them. I dont understand how someone could say shipping them doesnt mean you support abusive relationships. You literally like this highly abusive relationship… come on people.
kennyu4 says:
I think you’re misunderstanding what I’m saying. You’re entitled to your opinion, but shipping Harley and Joker doesn’t mean you support abusive relationships in REAL LIFE. There’s a divide between fiction and reality you’re not acknowledging. There’s also the fact that people like the duo for reasons that don’t begin and end in abuse. Seems like you’re reducing the pairing to one thing because you don’t like it yourself, and then acting like you can’t understand how others could like it to seem righteous. Also, the Suicide Squad Harley and Joker had all the “abuse” scenes cut, that’s not a fair example to bring up. Of course people are going to claim romance, that’s what it was edited to look like.
I realize I’m late to the conversation, but it isn’t the “shipping” the characters together that’s the problem, it’s the ones who say stuff like “#relationshipgoals” and the like. There, these people ARE actually saying they want a relationship like Joker & Harley’s, which IS supporting abusive relationships. There are people, notably young women, who would see this relationship and think that it’s ok if the guy is abusive, because he still loves her, just like the Joker loves Harley. This is not ok, and point of fact, Joker doesn’t love Harley, his abuse is proof of that. He may think he does, she may think he does. Love doesn’t abuse, period.
MadLoveInc. says:
I find it incredibly annoying when i see people whine about how Suicide Squad left out all the apparent abusive moments that were in the other scenes, thus making it romantic looking.
Joker and Harley as a dynamic has been altered many times over the years, and this time, they made their relationship one which Harley obviously is 110% in on, made her own choices to join him, and where the codependency on both ends is clear.
Joker even spending the majority of the movie getting Harley back adds to this romantic version.
Why does it matter if their relationship was different in the comic or not? We are not watching that comic version. We are watching a new version.
If people want to ship Suicide Squad Joker/Harley, I don’t see anything wrong with it.
You can even argue that Joker leaving Harley behind in the car made sense because:
1. Batman would save her.
2. She’d need him on the outside in order to break out of wherever she was being taken to.
If he’d just outright abandoned her, he wouldn’t have spent the entire movie trying to get her back. She’d have somehow escaped on her own instead, and found him. But that’s not what happened.
You can also argue the shock therapy, while it was abuse of a doctor via the patient, it also happened before their relationship began, Joker was manipulating her because he needed to escape, and she helped him in the end. Yet even afterward, she followed him and had stated beforehand that she could “take it.”
Then there is the scene in the club where Joker apparently “gives” Harley to a man. This scene was clearly Joker and Harley playing a deadly game. Joker was never going to let the man touch Harley because he is clearly possessive over her.
That’s why when Joker gave the man a look, the guy immediately tried backing down, but he’d already been backed into a corner the minute he called Harley a “bad” bitch. If he’d tried getting it on with Harley, he would have been killed because Joker is jealous. If he’d declined her, Harley would feel insulted, and he’d still die because he further disrespected her.
In this version, while Harley is still codependent on him, it is made more clear that Joker loves her as much as its possible for him. He couldn’t leave her when she willingly chose to become Harley Quinn and live for him, but instead joined her in what on second viewing, really looked like a twisted sort of matrimonial ceremony.
I suppose in a way, she married into the life of Quinn to his Joker.
That being said, just because someone ships Suicide Squad version, doesn’t mean they automatically approve of every version there is of their relationship out their, or that they anyone supports abuse.
Loyda Jordans says:
You hit the nail on the head. I think everyone who both hates and loves this relationship should read this. You spoke for those who couldn’t express why they love this relationship perfectly. It’s not the abuse we love, but the dynamic and interaction between these two.
Aside from a romantic relationship these two are also a Father-Daughter relationship and it’s great to watch. They’re for ENTERTAINMENT purposes, Christ, people act like we should take after this kind of relationship.
Not a fan of the reboot #52 at all. Harley Quinn is Harley Quinn thanks to The Joker; now she’s just a preachy character joke and not a memorable character like the original animated series. Joker pushing her into the acid vat? Seriously!?
Classic Harley Quinn chose her own path – and that was The Joker. If anything, she’s a bigger tool now than she was before.
Kroelle says:
I absolutely agree that Harley and Jokers dynamic is amazing and works great on screen and in comics. But enjoying two charaters interaction isn’t shipping. I enjoy watching Batman and Albert interact too, but I do not want to see them in a romantic relationship and the same goes for harley and joker. Shipping is liking characters in a romantic and/or sexsual relationship, and there is nothing romantic about Harley’s obsession with fixing the joker and the joker using it to his own benefit with no regards for her well-being. I don’t mind people who like them and their dynamic. I do mind people who genuinely think they are a romantic couple and want them to stay together.
Stop trying to justify shipping an abusive relationship please. Harley Quinn is good rep for those going through or who went through an abusive relationship, and people shipping them and calling them cute is incredibly disrespectful. Even Harley herself realized how horrible their relationship was and managed to break free from him. Secondly, are you seriously trying to call Harley and Ivy “sisterly”? They’ve literally been confirmed as girlfriends without the jealousy of monogamy, so stop trying to erase their sexuality. There are so many things wrong with this article jfc.
Harley isn’t a good rep for those going through abuse, because she’s a murderer that decided to get in a relationship with a mass murderer. Don’t insult those people by comparing them to someone who doesn’t care about the people Joker hurts and kills. Harley and Ivy is an abusive relationship too btw, where Ivy routinely hurts and threatens Harley. In Injustice 2 she even nearly killed her and didn’t think twice about it. That’s not a healthy relationship either so I guess that’s also “disrespectful”. Let people ship what they want. Paul Dini, Harley’s creator, is writing a Harley and Joker miniseries, and it’s a lot of fun because their dynamic is fun. Not everything needs to be sanitized to suit the needs of a few who will take everything as personal attacks on them anyways.
Robert Shred Keulen says:
@cassie stop trying to defend a woman who kills for fun! harley isnt a hero, she isnt a a good character and she ist NOT a role model. I love their relationship and its not wrong to ship them cause both are comic characters and totally crazy!!! you think its wrong? well..then its wrong to be a harley fan too, cause she murdered children in the comics and destroyed a complete city! how could you admire such a sick person? harley deserves the life at jokers side. she was never a victim and choosed it for herself. so lets other people ship them because their chemistry is great, abusive or not
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"Our Patience Is Running Thin," Air India Pilots' Union Writes To Govt Over Unpaid Wages
26 Dec 2019 10:19 AM GMT
Image Credit: Tamil Samayam
Image Credit: <a href="https://tamil.samayam.com/thumb/msid-65259829,width-1200,height-900,resizemode-4/pic.jpg?fbclid=IwAR1ORnEnY2Bt4RmWQrHbD5eWv_ROMLDd4GoRI-6zCotxMgUtN3jWpHC-sbU" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tamil Samayam</a>
Raising concerns over unpaid dues, an Air India pilots’ union has urged the government to permit their colleagues to quit the debt-laden carrier without serving the notice period.
As the government is looking for ways to sell the national carrier, the Indian Commercial Pilots’ Association (ICPA) has warned that they are in no position to work amid uncertainty over the airline’s future.
The union represents about 800 Air India pilots. They have written a letter to Minister of State for Civil Aviation Hardeep Singh Puri regarding their dues. “Your statement that if Air India is not privatised by 31 March 2020 then Air India will be shut down, is a matter of concern,” the letter reads.
.@airindiain Pilots union #ICPA writes a threaten letter to Aviation Minister that “Pilots are in no position to continue working with uncertainty looming large at Air India.” Over salary dues. Story in details��https://t.co/2KpPFPWoRd pic.twitter.com/Rh4infvgmk
— Ashoke Raj (@Ashoke_Raj) December 24, 2019
Citing the uncertainty over the airline’s future, the union asked the minister to ensure that they are not treated like bonded labour. “Allow us to quit Air India without serving the notice period and clear all our dues immediately”. The notice period in the airline is 6 month.
Air India has a debt burden of more than Rs 58,000 crore.
In a warning, the ICPA said, “our patience is running thin and we are in no position to continue working with uncertainty looming large at Air India”.
“We do not want to face the same fate as other employees of 21 private carriers that have shut down and further add to the rising unemployment in India,” the letter, dated December 23, read. According to the letter, the employees are yet to receive the flying allowance for the month of October.
“We have been living with uncertainty for the past 2 -3 years, and as a result, many employees have defaulted on their loan and other payments. This has greatly affected our livelihood and our families,” it added.
Sale Of National Carrier
Air India and Bharat Petroleum Corporation, two debt-ridden state-owned companies, are expected to be sold by the government by March next year, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said in an interview with The Times of India.
Air India, Bharat Petroleum Corporation to be sold by March: FM Nirmala Sitharaman – Times of India https://t.co/8FbWsiSdSH
— Nirmala Sitharaman (@nsitharaman) November 17, 2019
Air India posted an operating loss of around Rs. 4,600 crore in the last financial year due to higher oil prices and forex losses. Around 120 Airbus A-320 pilots resigned after their long-pending demand pertaining to the salary hike remain unmet.
The privatisation of the national carrier and oil refiner is expected to help the government meet its divestment target of Rs 1 lakh crore in the current fiscal year.
Also Read: Air India Pilots Resign En-Mass, Questioning Promotion & Salary Hike
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TCU Horned Frogs Purple to Adorn Shipping Containers in Alliance Area
Oct 10, 2017 | Business
Fear the frogs, but this business park loves them and their colors
FORT WORTH, TX, October 10, 2017 /24-7PressRelease/ — Fort Worth’s newest, and most innovative, business park, Box Office Warehouse Suites, has announced that they have chosen the very distinguished TCU Purple as the color for some of their shipping container buildings. Considering that Ron Sturgeon, serial entrepreneur and local real estate developer is the mastermind behind these inventive shipping containers turned into an Eco-friendly business park, it is no surprise that he chose to make such a bold statement.
“We wanted different,” states Sturgeon. “We wanted a unique space where intellectual creatives would feel at home while working, a space that is inexpensive and yet flexible enough that it meets the needs of every small-business owner. We think we succeeded. Why work from home, in cramped spaces, when you can work in an office with attitude?”
And what better way to feel at home in Fort Worth, home to the horned frogs’ nation, than using its very own colors?
Aside from the color statements, Box Office Warehouse Suites stands out among the commercial real estate competition by using these recycled shipping containers and turning them into flex spaces, retail centers, warehouse suites, and office spaces; the possibilities are truly endless.
Box Office Warehouse Suites is located in the heart of the Alliance business area, just north of Fort Worth, south of Alliance Airport, off the Golden Triangle exit. The development will have 38-multi-use office-business suites and retail spaces, made from over 100 shipping containers, with rents starting as low as $875 per month. It is a truly unique business opportunity that is hard to pass up on.
To learn more about growing your business and having your business grow with you, contact Jim Eaton at (817) 903-9438 or email Jim at [email protected].
Box Office Warehouse Suites of Fort Worth is an innovative commercial real estate development in the fast-growing Alliance / Golden Triangle area north of Fort Worth. It offers tenants exceptional value and the ability to add square feet to their space in small increments. For more information, visit BoxOfficeWarehouseSuites.com or our Facebook page. To inquire about leasing, contact Jim Eaton at (817) 439-3224 or [email protected].
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Prominent Conservative MP calls out sexual harassment on Twitter
While online harassment of women in politics is nothing new, it’s distressing to catch such a candid glimpse of it. Michelle Rempel reminded us today of what women all too often have to put up with.
Yanky Pollak Montreal, QC
May 8, 2019 5:36 PM 1 mins reading
Michelle Rempel, MP for Calgary-Nosehill, shared a little sample of what women in parliament have to endure. She shared a screen shot of an email that requested “a piece of that booty” and was signed “Yours sincerely, Hardwood.”
Rempel tweeted ” My small team of staff, who often work long hours to review legislation and help constituents, are paid by taxpayers. They’re not paid to respond to requests like this, nor am I. You might think it’s cute or funny or nice, but it’s not something we want.”
My small team of staff, who often work long hours to review legislation and help constituents, are paid by taxpayers. They’re not paid to respond to requests like this, nor am I. You might think it’s cute or funny or nice, but it’s not something we want. pic.twitter.com/rWEn3oXhTO
— Michelle Rempel Garner (@MichelleRempel) May 8, 2019
In a follow-up tweet, Rempel said, “I’m a leader, and a servant of the community, not a piece of ass.”
What do you think about the online harassment of women in parliament? Let us know in the comments below.
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How to Watch The Southern Arkansas Muleriders Live Without Cable in 2020-21
You can stream Southern Arkansas Muleriders college football games with a Live TV Streaming Service. No cable or satellite TV subscription needed. Start watching with a free trial.
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Younger Stars Talk Thad's [Spoiler], Liza's Dilemma and More Finale Twists
By Andy Swift / March 23 2016, 7:30 PM PDT
Courtesy of TV Land
Despite new threats from a very familiar-looking troublemaker, Liza’s secret remains safe after Wednesday’s Younger season finale. Her love life, however, is another story.
TVLine spoke with stars Sutton Foster and Hilary Duff about the finale’s biggest twists, but first, a quick recap:
Thad’s identical twin Chad — whom Duff describes as a “granola version” of Kelsey’s fiancé — uncovered security footage from his brother’s death, forcing Liza to tell Kelsey about his infidelity, a confession that did not go over well. Their subsequent argument prompted Liza to leave Empirical for a job at the Paramus Park Mall, though it didn’t take long for Charles (and his lips!) to convince her to return. On top of all that, Liza and Josh’s post-funeral hookup inspired him to dump Greta and hop back on the Miller Express.
So, what’s next for the Younger gang in Season 3? Let’s go straight to the source(s) to find out:
KELSEY & CHAD?! | If you raised your eyebrow when Chad kissed Kelsey on the mouth, allow me (and Duff) to congratulate you on your keen observational skills. “I don’t know what’s happening in Season 3, but I’m sure there’s going to be a hookup,” Duff tells TVLine. “I don’t think it’s going to last very long, but I think Kelsey is going to make some weird choices while she’s grieving — and Chad is going to be one of them. He’s also going to be a threat to Liza for a while, as long as he has that computer.” As for Kelsey’s post-Chad plans, Duff says, “I kind of think she should go on a little bit of a rampage, a bit of a tear.”
LIZA & CHARLES! | Before we dive into the Josh vs. Charles debate, here’s some intel from Foster on Liza’s big kiss with her boss: “[Darren Star had] pretty much mapped out the whole season by the time we went into the production, except for the finale. That episode actually changed, and Darren was still writing it kind of late in the game. For example, the scene where Charles comes to the department store was added after the table read. It played out a little differently initially, but then [the writers] were like, ‘Nope, Charles has to be the one to go get her.’ Peter [Hermann] and I were like, ‘Here it comes! Here comes Liza and Charles!'”
CHARLES VS. JOSH!!! | Season 3 will also find Liza having to choose between what was with Josh and what could be with Charles, a decision Foster is glad she doesn’t have to make herself. “It’s definitely a slippery slope, but there’s something real happening between Liza and Charles,” she says, adding, “but Liza also isn’t done with her relationship with Josh. I think Liza needs to explore that first.” Duff offers similar sentiments: “It makes the most sense for her to eventually end up with Charles, but I love what Josh brings out in Liza. He’s a really great guy, and he loves her, so it’s a tough call.”
Where do you stand on the all-important Josh/Charles debate? Do you second Duff’s theory that Kelsey is headed for a rebound with Chad? And what else are you looking forward to seeing in Season 3? Grade the finale below, then drop a comment with all of your thoughts.
TAGS: Hilary Duff, Sutton Foster, TV Land, Younger
GET MORE: Finales, Interviews, Polls, Post Mortems
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The Cloud Report
Veeam, Savvis and Parallels Add Cloud Storage
It seems every day, a software supplier or service provider offers new options to use the public cloud for storage and data protection.
The latest came this week, when Veeam Software released a connector that will let users of its backup and recovery software use any of 15 public cloud Infrastructures as a Service (IaaS) as backup targets. Among them are Microsoft's Windows Azure, Rackspace's Cloud Files, HP Cloud and Amazon Web Services' S3 storage and Glacier archiving services.
Veeam Backup Cloud Edition addresses data security with support for AES 256-bit encryption and aims to address network performance via its compression and de-duplication algorithms. Customers can also boost performance using WAN accelerators, explained Rick Vanover, Veeam's product strategy specialist. The company has partnerships with WAN optimization vendor Riverbed and cloud gateway supplier TwinStrata.
Customers can backup virtual machines, Vanover said. The offering allows enterprise customers to choose IaaS providers without having to learn their respective APIs. Are customers really looking to replace traditional tape with the cloud as a backup target? "People have been asking for this," Vanover said.
Last week, cloud provider Savvis announced the release of its Symphony Cloud Storage offering. PJ Farmer, director of Savvis' cloud storage product management, said in a blog post that the service offers "automatic protection from geographic disaster and for easily providing local storage targets for distributed applications."
Based on EMC's Atmos platform, Symphony Cloud Storage offers built-in replication and enables organizations that must address data sovereignty to set policies where data is stored.
But it's not just the big players that are eying storage and backup and recovery. I've talked to a number of providers who target small and medium businesses (SMBs). Cloud storage was a big topic at the Parallels Summit in Las Vegas last week, where the company launched Parallels Cloud Storage, a platform that allows SMB-focused cloud and hosting providers to improve storage capacity and utilization to create self-healing, distributed, high-performance storage pools.
"It's highly available, self-healing and fully fault-tolerant with auto-recovery," explained Parallels CEO Birger Steen. "It looks simple. It's hard to do but conceptually it's pretty simple."
Posted by Jeffrey Schwartz on 02/12/2013 at 12:48 PM
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Who are the youngest and oldest players at the StarLadder Major?
From 16 to 32, anyone can play at the highest level.
George Geddes · 10 Aug 2019
Photo via NextGen Tech, LLC
Counter-Strike is home to a plethora of talent regardless of age. Courtesy of HLTV.org, this trend is set to continue at the upcoming StarLadder Major from August 28-September 8.
The youngest team is newcomer Syman. This team qualified through the CIS Minor, in which, they finished second place. Syman has an average age of 20.4 years old across its entire roster.
Considering Syman have never been to a Major, this will be an extremely difficult test. Moreover, as the average age is the lowest of all teams, extra nerves and pressure could be prominent. However, we have seen that young talent can rise to the occasion under pressure. For example, 18-year old Mathieu “ZywOo” Herbaut is now considered the second best player in the world due to his great performances.
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Brazilian team Made in Brazil (MIBR) are the oldest at 27.3 years of age. However, this is due to the removal of Marcelo “coldzera” David on the roster with his replacement being coach and Counter-Strike veteran Wilton “zews” Prado, who is 31 years old.
However, zews is not the oldest player at the StarLadder Major. This title goes to FaZe Clan player Filip “NEO” Kubski, who is 32 years old. NEO has been heavily criticized for his time on FaZe due to his lackluster individual performance and in-game leading. With rumors of coldzera joining FaZe to replace NEO, it seems as though the veteran will be pushed out eventually.
By contrast, compLexity player and North-American prospect Owen “oBo” Schlatter is the youngest player at the StarLadder Major, he is just 16-years old. With a similar situation to those on Syman, this will be the first Major he attends. As we have seen previously with 16-year old prospects like Markus “Kjaerbye” Kjærbye in 2014, oBo could certainly follow in his footsteps.
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Secretary news
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A secretary, personal assistant, or administrative assistant is a person whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, communication, or organizational skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations a secretary is an officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence, admits new members, and organizes official meetings and events.
Duties and functions
A secretary has many administrative duties. Traditionally, these duties were mostly related to correspondence, such as the typing out of letters, maintaining files of paper documents, etc. The advent of word processing has significantly reduced the time that such duties require, with the result that many new tasks have come under the purview of the secretary. The duties may vary according to the nature and size of organization. These might include managing budgets and doing bookkeeping, attending telephone calls, handling visitors, maintaining websites, and making travel arrangements. Secretaries might manage all the administrative details of running a high-level conference or arrange the catering for a typical lunch meeting. Often executives will ask their assistant to take the minutes at meetings and prepare meeting documents for review. In addition to the minutes, the secretary may be responsible for keeping all of the records of an organization.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Secretary
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. The term is derived from the Latin word secernere, "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle (secretum) meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word secret. A secretarius was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual (a king, pope, etc.).
The official title of the leader of most Communist and Socialist political parties is the "General Secretary of the Central Committee" or "First Secretary of the Central Committee". When a Communist party is in power, the General Secretary is usually the country's de facto leader (though sometimes this leader also holds state-level positions to monopolize power, such as a presidency or premiership in order to constitute de jure leadership of the state), such as China and Cuba.
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The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall.
University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the behavioralism school of political science. Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field. Chicago's research pursuits have been aided by unique affiliations with world-renowned institutions like the nearby Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States. With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the University of Chicago and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation.
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Secretary of State Mike Pompeo
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo gives an address at the Voice of America
🔴 LIVE: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo Speaks at Voice of America, in Washington, D.C. 1/11/21
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LIVE: U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo Speaks at Voice of America in Washington, D.C.
(Jan. 11) Watch live as U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo delivers virtual remarks at Voice of America in Washington D.C., on Monday, January 11, 2021. --- Subscribe to our YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/2TwO8Gm Bloomberg Quicktake brings you live global news and original shows spanning business, technology, politics and culture. Make sense of the stories changing your business and your world. To watch complete coverage on Bloomberg Quicktake 24/7, visit http://www.bloomberg.com/qt/live, or watch on Apple TV, Roku, Samsung Smart TV, Fire TV and Android TV on the Bloomberg app. Connect with us on… YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/Bloomberg Breaking News on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/BloombergQuickTakeNews Twitter: https://twitter.com/quicktake Facebook: https://www.faceb...
Manorama News LIVE TV | മനോരമ ന്യൂസ് ലൈവ് | Election Result | Malayalam News LIVE Channel
Watch Manorama News Malayalam Channel Live Stream for Covid Updates, Latest Malayalam News Updates, Breaking News, Political News and Debates, Kerala Local News, Mollywood Entertainment News, Business News Agriculture News and Health News. Follow us: Official website www.manoramanews.com #KeralaNews The official YouTube channel of Manorama News: Subscribe to the #ManoramaNews YouTube Channel https://goo.gl/EQDKUB Stay Tuned For Latest News Updates and In-Depth Analysis of News From Kerala, India and Around the World! Follow Us FaceBook : https://www.facebook.com/manoramanews Twitter : https://twitter.com/manoramanews Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/manoramanews Helo : http://m.helo-app.com/al/khYMfdRfQ ShareChat : https://sharechat.com/profile/manoramanews Download Mobile App ...
Ex-Trump press secretary Sean Spicer says impeachment 'isn’t going anywhere’
Former White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer tells Sky News that the Democrats' move to impeach President Trump is 'a political response' and is 'not appropriate'. He also says that the legislative calendar "does not allow" the time to take action against Donald Trump. SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube channel for more videos: http://www.youtube.com/skynews Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/skynews Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/skynews Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/skynews For more content go to http://news.sky.com and download our apps: Apple: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/sky-news/id316391924?mt=8 Android https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bskyb.skynews.android&hl=en_GB Sky News videos are now available in Spanish her...
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo makes remarks at Voice of America
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo makes remarks at Voice of America For 2020 election results please visit: Election results: https://www.yahoo.com/elections Subscribe to Yahoo Finance: https://yhoo.it/2fGu5Bb About Yahoo Finance: At Yahoo Finance, you get free stock quotes, up-to-date news, portfolio management resources, international market data, social interaction and mortgage rates that help you manage your financial life. About Yahoo Finance Premium: With a subscription to Yahoo Finance Premium, get the tools you need to invest with confidence. Discover new opportunities with expert research and investment ideas backed by technical and fundamental analysis. Optimize your trades with advanced portfolio insights, fundamental analysis, enhanced charting, and more. To learn more about ...
🔴#LIVE: SECRETARY of State MIKE POMPEO SPEAKS at VOICE of AMERICA, in Washington, D.C. 1/11/21
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White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany Condemns Riots At Capitol | NBC News NOW
White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany condemned riots at the Capitol and said, “those that broke the law should be prosecuted.” McEnany also thanked law enforcement officers and called them “true American heroes. » Subscribe to NBC News: http://nbcnews.to/SubscribeToNBC » Watch more NBC video: http://bit.ly/MoreNBCNews NBC News Digital is a collection of innovative and powerful news brands that deliver compelling, diverse and engaging news stories. NBC News Digital features NBCNews.com, MSNBC.com, TODAY.com, Nightly News, Meet the Press, Dateline, and the existing apps and digital extensions of these respective properties. We deliver the best in breaking news, live video coverage, original journalism and segments from your favorite NBC News Shows. Connect with NBC News Online! NB...
What legacy does former acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf leave behind?
Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf announced his resignation after holding the job for 14 months despite several lawsuits challenging the legality of his appointment. Many Democrats are questioning the timing of his resignation given the attack on the U.S. Capitol and potential for an attack on next week's inauguration ceremony. CBS News immigration reporter Camilo Montoya-Galvez joined CBSN to discuss Wolf's legacy. CBSN is CBS News’ 24/7 digital streaming news service featuring live, anchored coverage available for free across all platforms. Launched in November 2014, the service is a premier destination for breaking news and original storytelling from the deep bench of CBS News correspondents and reporters. CBSN features the top stories of the day as well as deep dives int...
Home Secretary backs stricter enforcement on Covid rules | ITV News
The Home Secretary says a minority of people who break coronavirus rules are putting the health of the nation at risk. Priti Patel said she would back the police to enforce the rules, as she revealed 45,000 fines had been issued. But while she insisted the current rules in England are already tough enough - she said they were being kept under constant review. • Subscribe to ITV News on YouTube: http://bit.ly/2lOHmNj • Get breaking news and more stories at http://www.itv.com/news Follow ITV News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/itvnews/ Follow ITV News on Twitter: https://twitter.com/itvnews Follow ITV News on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/itvnews/
WION Dispatch: U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lifts self-imposed restriction on Taiwan
US Secretary of State, Michael Pompeo on Saturday said he was lifting of self-imposed restrictions on the US -Taiwan relationship. #MikePompeo #USTaiwan #USChina About Channel: WION -The World is One News, examines global issues with in-depth analysis. We provide much more than the news of the day. Our aim to empower people to explore their world. With our Global headquarters in New Delhi, we bring you news on the hour, by the hour. We deliver information that is not biased. We are journalists who are neutral to the core and non-partisan when it comes to the politics of the world. People are tired of biased reportage and we stand for a globalised united world. So for us the World is truly One. Please keep discussions on this channel clean and respectful and refrain from using racist ...
WATCH: White House press secretary expected to speak
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White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany holds news briefing
Trump and Pence meet, acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf stepping down
NBC's Hallie Jackson reports that Vice President Pence and President Trump met to talk about last week's siege of the Capitol, and the way the vice president and his supporters feel he's been treated by the president. She also reports on acting DHS Sec. announcing his resignation.
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Uploaded Date: 11 Jan 2021
https://wn.com/Secretary_Of_State_Mike_Pompeo
🔴 LIVE: Secretary Pompeo delivers remarks at Voice of America, in Washington, D.C. 1/11/21 🔴 Subscribe to RSBN for more LIVE streams and Breaking NEWS: http:/...
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(Jan. 11) Watch live as U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo delivers virtual remarks at Voice of America in Washington D.C., on Monday, January 11, 2021. --- S...
(Jan. 11) Watch live as U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo delivers virtual remarks at Voice of America in Washington D.C., on Monday, January 11, 2021. --- Subscribe to our YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/2TwO8Gm Bloomberg Quicktake brings you live global news and original shows spanning business, technology, politics and culture. Make sense of the stories changing your business and your world. To watch complete coverage on Bloomberg Quicktake 24/7, visit http://www.bloomberg.com/qt/live, or watch on Apple TV, Roku, Samsung Smart TV, Fire TV and Android TV on the Bloomberg app. Connect with us on… YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/Bloomberg Breaking News on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/BloombergQuickTakeNews Twitter: https://twitter.com/quicktake Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/quicktake Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/quicktake
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Watch Manorama News Malayalam Channel Live Stream for Covid Updates, Latest Malayalam News Updates, Breaking News, Political News and Debates, Kerala Local News...
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Former White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer tells Sky News that the Democrats' move to impeach President Trump is 'a political response' and is 'not appropri...
Former White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer tells Sky News that the Democrats' move to impeach President Trump is 'a political response' and is 'not appropriate'. He also says that the legislative calendar "does not allow" the time to take action against Donald Trump. SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube channel for more videos: http://www.youtube.com/skynews Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/skynews Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/skynews Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/skynews For more content go to http://news.sky.com and download our apps: Apple: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/sky-news/id316391924?mt=8 Android https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bskyb.skynews.android&hl=en_GB Sky News videos are now available in Spanish here/Los video de Sky News están disponibles en español aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzG5BnqHO8oNlrPDW9CYJog
https://wn.com/Ex_Trump_Press_Secretary_Sean_Spicer_Says_Impeachment_'Isn’T_Going_Anywhere’
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo makes remarks at Voice of America For 2020 election results please visit: Election results: https://www.yahoo.com/elections Sub...
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo makes remarks at Voice of America For 2020 election results please visit: Election results: https://www.yahoo.com/elections Subscribe to Yahoo Finance: https://yhoo.it/2fGu5Bb About Yahoo Finance: At Yahoo Finance, you get free stock quotes, up-to-date news, portfolio management resources, international market data, social interaction and mortgage rates that help you manage your financial life. About Yahoo Finance Premium: With a subscription to Yahoo Finance Premium, get the tools you need to invest with confidence. Discover new opportunities with expert research and investment ideas backed by technical and fundamental analysis. Optimize your trades with advanced portfolio insights, fundamental analysis, enhanced charting, and more. To learn more about Yahoo Finance Premium please visit: https://yhoo.it/33jXYBp Connect with Yahoo Finance: Get the latest news: https://yhoo.it/2fGu5Bb Find Yahoo Finance on Facebook: http://bit.ly/2A9u5Zq Follow Yahoo Finance on Twitter: http://bit.ly/2LMgloP Follow Yahoo Finance on Instagram: http://bit.ly/2LOpNYz Follow Cashay.com Follow Yahoo Finance Premium on Twitter: https://bit.ly/3hhcnmV
https://wn.com/Secretary_Of_State_Mike_Pompeo_Makes_Remarks_At_Voice_Of_America
🔴#LIVE: SECRETARY of State MIKE POMPEO SPEAKS at VOICE of AMERICA, in Washington, D.C. 1/11/21 ⚫️ Kwa UPDATES zote, Download GLOBAL APP: ⚫️ ANDROID:http://bit....
White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany condemned riots at the Capitol and said, “those that broke the law should be prosecuted.” McEnany also thanked law ...
White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany condemned riots at the Capitol and said, “those that broke the law should be prosecuted.” McEnany also thanked law enforcement officers and called them “true American heroes. » Subscribe to NBC News: http://nbcnews.to/SubscribeToNBC » Watch more NBC video: http://bit.ly/MoreNBCNews NBC News Digital is a collection of innovative and powerful news brands that deliver compelling, diverse and engaging news stories. NBC News Digital features NBCNews.com, MSNBC.com, TODAY.com, Nightly News, Meet the Press, Dateline, and the existing apps and digital extensions of these respective properties. We deliver the best in breaking news, live video coverage, original journalism and segments from your favorite NBC News Shows. Connect with NBC News Online! NBC News App: https://apps.nbcnews.com/mobile Breaking News Alerts: https://link.nbcnews.com/join/5cj/breaking-news-signup?cid=sm_npd_nn_yt_bn-clip_190621 Visit NBCNews.Com: http://nbcnews.to/ReadNBC Find NBC News on Facebook: http://nbcnews.to/LikeNBC Follow NBC News on Twitter: http://nbcnews.to/FollowNBC Follow NBC News on Instagram: http://nbcnews.to/InstaNBC #Capitol #KayleighMcEnany #NBCNews White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany Condemns Riots At Capitol | NBC News NOW
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Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf announced his resignation after holding the job for 14 months despite several lawsuits challenging the legality ...
Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf announced his resignation after holding the job for 14 months despite several lawsuits challenging the legality of his appointment. Many Democrats are questioning the timing of his resignation given the attack on the U.S. Capitol and potential for an attack on next week's inauguration ceremony. CBS News immigration reporter Camilo Montoya-Galvez joined CBSN to discuss Wolf's legacy. CBSN is CBS News’ 24/7 digital streaming news service featuring live, anchored coverage available for free across all platforms. Launched in November 2014, the service is a premier destination for breaking news and original storytelling from the deep bench of CBS News correspondents and reporters. CBSN features the top stories of the day as well as deep dives into key issues facing the nation and the world. CBSN has also expanded to launch local news streaming services in major markets across the country. CBSN is currently available on CBSNews.com and the CBS News app across more than 20 platforms, as well as the CBS All Access subscription service. Subscribe to the CBS News YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/cbsnews Watch CBSN live: http://cbsn.ws/1PlLpZ7c Download the CBS News app: http://cbsn.ws/1Xb1WC8 Follow CBS News on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cbsnews/ Like CBS News on Facebook: http://facebook.com/cbsnews Follow CBS News on Twitter: http://twitter.com/cbsnews Subscribe to our newsletters: http://cbsn.ws/1RqHw7T Get new episodes of shows you love across devices the next day, stream CBSN and local news live, and watch full seasons of CBS fan favorites like Star Trek Discovery anytime, anywhere with CBS All Access. Try it free: http://bit.ly/1OQA29B
https://wn.com/What_Legacy_Does_Former_Acting_Homeland_Security_Secretary_Chad_Wolf_Leave_Behind
The Home Secretary says a minority of people who break coronavirus rules are putting the health of the nation at risk. Priti Patel said she would back the poli...
https://wn.com/Home_Secretary_Backs_Stricter_Enforcement_On_Covid_Rules_|_Itv_News
US Secretary of State, Michael Pompeo on Saturday said he was lifting of self-imposed restrictions on the US -Taiwan relationship. #MikePompeo #USTaiwan #USChi...
US Secretary of State, Michael Pompeo on Saturday said he was lifting of self-imposed restrictions on the US -Taiwan relationship. #MikePompeo #USTaiwan #USChina About Channel: WION -The World is One News, examines global issues with in-depth analysis. We provide much more than the news of the day. Our aim to empower people to explore their world. With our Global headquarters in New Delhi, we bring you news on the hour, by the hour. We deliver information that is not biased. We are journalists who are neutral to the core and non-partisan when it comes to the politics of the world. People are tired of biased reportage and we stand for a globalised united world. So for us the World is truly One. Please keep discussions on this channel clean and respectful and refrain from using racist or sexist slurs as well as personal insults. Subscribe to our channel at https://goo.gl/JfY3NI Check out our website: http://www.wionews.com Connect with us on our social media handles: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WIONews Twitter: https://twitter.com/WIONews Follow us on Google News for latest updates Zee News:- https://bit.ly/2Ac5G60 Zee Bussiness:- https://bit.ly/36vI2xa DNA India:- https://bit.ly/2ZDuLRY WION: https://bit.ly/3gnDb5J Zee News Apps : https://bit.ly/ZeeNewsApps
https://wn.com/Wion_Dispatch_U.S._Secretary_Of_State_Mike_Pompeo_Lifts_Self_Imposed_Restriction_On_Taiwan
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Uploaded Date: 15 Dec 2020
https://wn.com/White_House_Press_Secretary_Kayleigh_Mcenany_Holds_News_Briefing
NBC's Hallie Jackson reports that Vice President Pence and President Trump met to talk about last week's siege of the Capitol, and the way the vice president an...
https://wn.com/Trump_And_Pence_Meet,_Acting_Dhs_Secretary_Chad_Wolf_Stepping_Down
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'Destiny 2' PS4 Pro bundle offers a Glacier White console and premium content
Destiny 2 w/ white PS4 Pro bundle announced - NeoGAF - neogaf.com
For around $49 on top of the regular console's price, users will be getting the uniquely colored system and a lot of premium digital content.
Gamers who have been holding off buying a Sony Playstation 4 Pro console will now have a new reason to finally make the jump as Sony has now announced a special "limited edition" bundle that will include a unique Glacier White-colored console. The newly announced "Destiny 2" PlayStation 4 Pro bundle will include the uniquely colored console and a white DualShock 4 controller as well. Fans of the game itself won't be disappointed as the bundle does come with the base game plus a voucher for the game's various Digital Content, including its Expansion Pass and other in-game bonuses.
The bundle has been announced to become available on Sept.
6 and will be priced at $449.99 in North America. Sony has revealed that it will also be releasing the "Destiny 2" PlayStation 4 Pro bundle in Europe and other territories, but it has not yet revealed the official prices for those regions. Gamers will, of course, be getting a lot of content for the relatively reasonable price. For around $49 on top of the regular console's price, users will not only be getting the uniquely colored system but also a number of "premium" digital content. Aside from the Expansion Pass, players will be getting in-game items such as a legendary sword, a Cabal Empire emblem, and a legendary player emote.
Banking on the beta
Sony usually promotes its new bundles very close to the actual release of the game included in the package.
Seeing as that the release of "Destiny 2" is still a few months away, it might seem strange to fans why the company is announcing its new offering this early. The company explains on its blog that it actually wants to start the festivities early this time around seeing as that the beta test for the game is about to commence.
The "Destiny 2" beta test will officially start next week, on July 18, and Sony is giving pre-order buyers a chance to join in the beta.
The company is likely trying to capitalize on the hype of the beta and the game itself. The company is also likely betting that players will want to pre-order the console months ahead of everyone else and a bundle may be the perfect product for gamers who were looking to upgrade their gaming systems anyway.
Sony has also clarified that the new bundle will be released in limited quantities and that it will be a "great bundle" for those who want to switch to the PlayStation 4 Pro.
Given just how popular the previous "Destiny" PlayStation 4 bundle was, players will likely want to pre-order the new bundle as early as possible before stocks officially run out.
Shawn Lealos
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Edgewater, CO Police
Search for Police Arrests in Edgewater City, Colorado. Results may include: Offender Name: Custody Status: Age: Reason: Race: Contact Facility: Mugshot, Offender ID: Gender: Date of Birth: Date:
Edgewater, Colorado Jail and Mugshot Information
Edgewater is a city in Jefferson County, Colorado. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.70 square miles (1.18 sq. km). The City of Edgewater had a population of approximately 5,170 in the year 2010.
The mayor of Edgewater, Colorado is Laura Keegan. Laura Keegan can be contacted at (303) 232-0745 and by email at lkeegan@edgewaterco.com.
Laura Keegan, Mayor
Edgewater City Mayor’s Office
City of Edgewater
1800 Harlan St.
Edgewater, CO 80214
Email: lkeegan@edgewaterco.com
Hours: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, Monday – Friday
Edgewater City Mayor
Violent crime rate in 2017 in Edgewater: 112.1; U.S. Average: 214.8
Facts about crime in Edgewater, Colorado:
The overall crime rate in Edgewater is 143% higher than the national average.
For every 100,000 people, there are 18.28 daily crimes that occur in Edgewater.
Edgewater is safer than 20% of the cities in the United States.
In Edgewater you have a 1 in 15 chance of becoming a victim of any crime.
The number of total year over year crimes in Edgewater has decreased by 9%.
Edgewater, Colorado Police Station Information
Edgewater Police Department
The Edgewater Police Department has 17 full-time police officers serving a population of approximately 5,000 people.
John Mackey, Chief of Police
1800 N Harlan St,
Email: jmackey@edgewaterpd.com
Phone: (303) 235-0500 or (720) 763-3000 (Chief)
Victim Outreach: (303) 202-2196
Rape Assist & Awareness Program: (303) 322-7273
Crime Stoppers: (720) 913-7867
Edgewater Police Dept
Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office
The Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office is also responsible for the public safety of the City of Edgewater, Colorado.
Jeff Shrader, Sheriff
Hours: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, Monday – Friday (Administrative)
Jefferson Sheriff Facebook
Jefferson County Jail Information
The physical location of the jail is:
Hours: 8:00 am to 9:00 pm, Sunday – Saturday (Jail Lobby)
Golden, CO 80402-6700
Visitations Hours at Jefferson County Jail:
On-site Visitation:
9:00 to 10:30 am; 1:00 to 4:30 pm and 7:30 to 8:30 pm, Daily
Remote Visitation (Off-site):
Jefferson Jail Visitations
Police Records Request in Edgewater, Colorado
Police records can be obtained from the Records Section/Department of the Edgewater Police Department during normal business hours. Requests may be made completing the fillable/printable Police Records Request form which can be mailed, faxed or delivered in–person.
Edgewater Request Form
1800 Harlan Street,
Edgewater CO 80214.
Email: edgepolice@edgewaterpd.com
Hours: Monday – Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m.
For background checks to identify arrests statewide, you must obtain records in person from:
Colorado Bureau of Investigations
690 Kipling St.
Edgewater Police Records
Edgewater Records Request
Lenore Pedroza, City Clerk
Email: cityclerk@edgewaterco.com
Edgewater City Clerk
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Holmes: Sherlock & Mycroft
Basic Game Rules
Buy Board Game
Holmes: Sherlock & Mycroft Fan Site
Rating: 7.2 Good
Popularity: 4
Difficulty: Very easy
Players: 2-2 players
Playing time: 20-30 minutes
Created by: Diego Ibañez, Pedro Soto
Published by: Devir, Devir Americas, REBEL.pl
In February 1895, London woke up to a loud bang. A large pillar of smoke showed that a bomb had exploded in the Houses of Parliament. Security forces were activated immediately and they arrested a suspicious young laborer near the area.
Mycroft Holmes, at the service of the crown, was commissioned to investigate the relationship of the young laborer with anarchist groups.
He thinks it will be an easy task that he can do from the comfort of his armchair in the Diogenes Club - until he is informed of disturbing news; his younger brother Sherlock Holmes, Consulting Detective, has been hired by the boy's parents to prove the innocence of his son, who believes to be a scapegoat of a dark conspiracy.
For the first time, the brightest minds in London face each other. Was the young laborer involved in this terrible attack or he is just a scapegoat for a dark conspiracy?
A game of Holmes: Sherlock & Mycroft lasts seven turns (days of investigation). At the beginning of each day, famous characters extracted from the books of Arthur Conan Doyle appear in London.
Each player has three action tokens that move from one character to another to use their special abilities, knowing that a player can never have two tokens on the same character. Therefore, a character must be freed before reuse.
The abilities of each character allow them to obtain Evidence Cards or gain Investigation Tokens in multiple ways. The game has great replay value because it is not known whether a character with a specific ability will make their appearance on the board in the Day 1 or in the final Day 7. Each game is different!
Amazon: $24
Card DraftingCard GameNovel-basedSet CollectionWorker Placement
Check These Posts:
Holmes: Sherlock & Mycroft Game Rules
At dawn on the 24th of February, 1895, the sound of thunder woke up London. A big column of smoke foreshadowed the catastrophe: a bomb had exploded in the Houses of Parliament. The security forces reacted immediately and arrested Michael Chapman, a young worker linked to anarchist groups, near the place of the attack.
Mycroft Holmes is in charge of investigating the explosion for the Crown prosecution. Mycroft needs to determine if the attack is the action of a lone wolf or part of a bigger plot. …
Read MoreGame Rules
Ultra BoardGames
This site is dedicated to promoting board games. Through extensive research, we bring everything you need to know about board games.
Our mission is to produce engaging articles like reviews, tips and tricks, game rules, strategies, etc. If you like the content of a board game on this site, please consider to buy the game. These games deserve it.
© 2020 Ultra BoardGames. All rights reserved.
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Home/News/OZZY OSBOURNE Announces Final World Tour
OZZY OSBOURNE Announces Final World Tour
RJ Frometa February 6, 2018 News Leave a comment
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee and Grammy®-winning singer and songwriter OZZY OSBOURNE earlier today (February 6) revealed details about his forthcoming “NO MORE TOURS 2,” a reference to his 1992 “No More Tours” trek. The announcement by the legendary musical icon about the North American dates–with his longtime collaborators Zakk Wylde (Guitar), Blasko (Bass), Tommy Clufetos (Drums) and Adam Wakeman (Keyboards)–was made to international media in attendance at his Los Angeles home.
The initial North American dates produced by Live Nation kick off August 30 in Allentown, PA and conclude October 13 in Las Vegas, NV with a Thursday, October 11 stop at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles; OZZY will be joined by Stone Sour for this leg of the tour. Tickets for these shows go on sale to the general public starting Saturday, February 17 at 10:00 AM (local time) at LiveNation.com and through the Live Nation app. Citi® is the official presale credit card of the tour. As such, Citi® cardmembers will have access to purchase presale tickets beginning Wednesday, February 14 at 10:00 AM (local time) until Friday, February 16 at 10:00 PM (local time) through Citi’s Private Pass® program. For complete presale details visit www.citiprivatepass.com.
Prior to the full North American run, OZZY will officially launch the “NO MORE TOURS 2” in Mexico in May, before heading to South America for solo shows in three countries. Next up, a six-week European leg of headlining solo dates and festival performances that’s set to begin Friday, June 1 in Moscow, Russia.
“I’ve been extremely blessed to have had two successful music careers,” OSBOURNE says. “I’m looking at this final tour as being a huge celebration for my fans and anyone who has enjoyed my music over the past five decades.”
On his upcoming farewell world tour, produced by Live Nation, OSBOURNE will celebrate more than five decades as a performer (both as a solo artist and as lead singer of Black Sabbath which formed in 1968). This tour, expected to take OZZY around the world with dates into 2020, will mark the end of global touring for the legendary artist, though he will continue to perform select live shows in the future. Throughout his career, OZZY has sold more than 100 million records.
Want to hear more about the OZZY tour from the Prince of Darkness himself? OZZYhas partnered with Ticketmaster to spread the word about the tour with a new message on the Ticketmaster app for the Google Assistant on phones, speakers like Google Home and other compatible devices. Fans can trigger the app by saying, “Hey Google, talk to Ticketmaster,” which will offer special messages from the Prince of Darkness himself. Fans will then be invited by Sharon Osbourne to hear details about OZZY‘s upcoming Live Nation tour dates. This new marketing tool expands the ways for OZZY‘s millions of fans to find out about his tour and provides a fun, first of its kind experience.
For the tour, OZZY has teamed with the LOVE, HOPE, STRENGTH, FOUNDATION. At Love Hope Strength (LHS), their mission is to save lives, one concert at a time. We, along with Love Hope Strength, believe that all people deserve quality cancer care, a marrow donor if needed, and most importantly, hope. Founded by cancer survivors, LHS leverages the power of music to expand the marrow registry through THEIR “Get on the List” campaign. At LHS, they believe in offering real hope to people currently living with cancer.
OZZY‘s North American tour dates:
FortRock
Lakeview Amphitheater
Jones Beach Amphitheatre
BB&T Pavilion
Bristow, VA
Jiffy Lube Live
Cuyahoga Falls OH
DTE Energy Center
Ruoff Home Mortgage Music Center
Starplex Pavilion
Isleta Amphitheater
USANA Amphitheatre
Shoreline Amphitheatre
Mattress Firm Amphitheatre
MGM Grand Garden Arena
OZZY‘s overseas tour dates:
Heaven & Hell Festival
Pista Atletica
Pedreira Paulo Leminski
Esplanada Do Mineirao
Apoteose
Olympiisky
Ice Palace (Ledovi Dvorets)
Solvesborg, Sweden*
Donington, UK*
Prague, Czech Republic*
Prague Rocks Festival, Airport Letnany
Paris, France*
Firenze Rocks Festival
Halden, Norway*
Tons of Rock Festival
Copenhagen, Denmark*
Copenhell Festival
Dessel, Belgium*
Krakow, Poland*
Impact Festival
Oberhausen, Germany*
König-Pilsner Arena
Madrid, Spain*
Rock Fest Barcelona
Live Park
*Produced by Live Nation
**US festival appearances
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Erecting the 50' mast, (l-r N8XWO, WD8JLM, AA8EB)
The VHF Station, with 50' mast
At the HF station (l-r W8MHV, AA8EB)
At the HF station (l-r AA8EB, W8MHV)
At the VHF station (l-r WD8JLM, N8XWO)
Once again, the Athens County Amateur Radio Association (ACARA) put forth a Field Day effort. The ACARA participated in the 1996 ARRL Field Day with a solar-powered, all-QRP effort at the Athens County Fairgrounds with the callsign W8MHV.
The club participated in class 1A-Battery, meaning "One transmitter, Club or non-club group, Power output of five watts maximum". A total of 335 QSOs resulted in a score of 3985 points. A breakdown of QSOs per band can be found below. The group earned bonus points for 100% Emergency Power, Media Publicity, Public Place, Information Booth, W1AW Field Day Message, Natural Power, Packet Radio, and VHF/UHF.
The HF station was set up in the bandstand, and consisted of the W8MHV's new Index Labs QRP Plus (QRP++). A bank of gel cell batteries, charged exclusively by solar power since FD 1995, powered the station. A fan-dipole for 80m and 40m was suspended between the flagpole in the infield of the horse track and a large tree. A heavy rope was suspended between the flagpole and another tree to supported a full-wave 40m delta loop. A full-wave 20m delta loop was hung from yet another tree, and an 15m/20m fan dipole was suspended between two trees. The two delta loops were very good performers; often switching to the loop allowed us to make the QSO we couldn't with the dipole. A CMOS Super Keyer II was used, as was a Bencher iambic paddle. Logging was to a '286 subnotebook PC, with paper backup. This station was used exclusively on CW by Mike Hansgen, AA8EB; Drew McDaniel, W8MHV; and Eric McFadden, WD8RIF. (W8MHV and AA8EB did most of the operating.) The QRP++ was surprisingly affected by strong signals on the band. Even with the 20 dB attenuator on, whole sections of a band were rendered unusable by strong signals in the IF passband but outside the AF passband. This was a disappointment to the rig's owner W8MHV and to WD8RIF who owns an original QRP+. A side-by-side comparison of the two rigs was not conducted.
The VHF station was set up under the awning of the camper owned by John McCutcheon, N8XWO. An all-mode 2m rig by Kenwood was used for 2m FM and SSB, and WD8RIF's QRP+ and N8XWO's TenTec 6m transverter was used for 6m SSB. A 50' rotatable carbon fiber mast was erected and supported a 4-element 2m yagi and a rigid 6m dipole. This station was operated by N8XWO and John Biddle WD8JLM. Stations throughout the Ohio Valley were worked on 2m, as were stations in Michigan and New York. Stations as far away as Nova Scotia and south Florida were worked on 6m.
HF packet was tried, using WD8RIF's QRP+ and older KAM, but only BBS were heard. A 2m packet QSO was successfully made, however, earning us the 100 point packet radio bonue.
An attempt to earn the satellite bonus was made. A 10m/15m fan dipole was suspended between the bandstand and a tree, and WD8RIF's QRP+ was used to try to work RS-12 on Mode K (15m up, 10m down). Strong signals were heard on the downlink on two passes of RS-12, and signals were heard on the uplink were heard, but no one came back to Eric's calls. The combination of low-power and low dipoles may have been the cause, or maybe the uplink/downlink windows were just too crowded.
The weather cooperated pretty well. During setup, the temperatures were hot and it didn't rain. However, horses and sulkies on the track raised great amounts of dust, coating the equipment. Fortunately, the horses were off the track by the start of the event. The bandstand roof served to keep temperatures down during the day, and a nice breeze blew until about 6pm. About 9:30pm, a thunderstorm arose, forcing the group off the air for about an hour. However, this gave them time to watch and admire nature's gorgeous light show. The bandstand roof was high enough that the blowing rain entered the bandstand, but the group was able to keep the gear dry by covering it.
Once again, QRP power levels were not found to be much of a problem. Stations heard were almost always able to be worked with one or the other of the antennas.
The receiver in the QRP++ was a big disappointment. As indicated above, it was extremely sensitive to strong signals in the band. There were no other FD groups in the area competing, so all of the out-of-passband AGC action the group experienced were from distant stations. This behavior had not been noticed by W8MHV during routine operations outside of Field Day. Through email correspondence with other QRP++ owners Drew and Eric have learned that other groups used the new QRP+ at Field Day and didn't experience this problem. Drew and Eric also learned of a resistor-swap mod that is supposed to help with this problem. Drew didn't don't know whether this mod had already been performed on his rig.
The 50' mast, yagi, and rotatable dipole for VHF was a killer combination. The QRP power wasn't found to much of a handicap. The QRP+ and TenTec transverter was found to be a good combination. However, when the 6m station was in use, the HF station could hear the SSB signal throughout the 20m CW band, indicating the possibility of poor shielding in the transverter.
Once again, the computerized logging/duping was found to extremely useful. However, the little PC went through several sets of AA batteries during the event, indicating Drew needs to make an appropriate higher capacity external battery for it.
QSOs per band:
Band CW Phone
6 0 10 SSB
2 0 23 (5 FM, 18 SSB)
Field Day '96 results were posted in the November, 1996 QST. The ACARA achieved a 3rd out of 22 entries in class 1A-Battery with 3985 points. The 1st and 2nd place efforts had steller scores of 8630 and 8530 points, respectively.
Visit the NorCal Field Day Reports Page for more reports.
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From the West Virginia Explorer entry:
The 1,696-acre Woodrum Wildlife Management Area (WMA) ranges across a region of farms and hilly forests of oak, pine, and hickory surrounding Woodrum Lake, an impoundment of the Middle Fork of Pocatalico Creek, a tributary of the Pocatalico River.
The WMA sign
Woodrum Lake
Eric's station
On Saturday, October 10, 2020, one member of the Southeast Ohio Radio Adventure Team performed a successful activation of Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management Area in West Virginia as part of the Parks on the Air (POTA; link) program. This was the first CW POTA activation of Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management Area.
Eric McFadden, WD8RIF, performed the activation of Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management Area at the boat-ramp area with rain from the remnants of Hurricane Delta still falling. Eric was accompanied by his wife Vickie and their small dogs, Theo and Mindy.
Eric, Vickie, and the dogs arrived at the Woodrum Lake Wildlife Management Area boat-ramp area at about 1845 UTC. After photographing Woodrum Lake, Eric deployed his 28½' wire antenna on his 31' Jackite telescoping fiberglass mast and drive-on base. In setting up his antenna, Eric discovered that the banana plug at the feedpoint of 28½' wire antenna had come off, and that his Enhanced KX3 Travel Kit somehow no longer contained the small screwdriver required to reattach the banana plug. Fortunately, Eric was able to make a field-expedient connection by using his unun's five-way binding-post. Because of the continuing rain, Eric set up his KX3 inside the car and was on the air by 1905 UTC.
Eric found he had good cell-signal and was able to spot himself to the POTA Spots website.
Eric began operations on 80m but many minutes of calling "CQ" resulted in only one QSO, at 1925 UTC with his good friend K8RAT in Ohio.
Switching to 40m at 1933 UTC, Eric's first QSO came at 1938 UTC with NE1D in Massachusetts. QSOs came steadily, with Eric's ninth QSO on 40m coming at 1956 UTC with WA9SGF/0.
Switching to 30m at 1958 UTC, Eric's first QSO there came at 2002 UTC with KA3LOB in Kansas, his second came at 2003 UTC with N4DPM in Florida, and his third came at 2006 UTC with AA5UZ in Louisiana.
Eric switched to 20m at 2010 UTC but his calls of "CQ" resulted in on QSOs.
In all, Eric made thirteen QSOs. All of Eric's QSOs were CW and were made at the 5-watt level.
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Home Chattanooga The Clergy for Truth, Justice, Love, and Healing
The Clergy for Truth, Justice, Love, and Healing
Winston Reed
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. (WDEF)- Through singing, prayer, and confession, the Clergy for Truth, Justice, Love, and Healing expressed their thoughts on the social climate in America, and in the world of religion.
“It was a relief to say the truth because it begins with us telling the truth, speaking the truth, confessing the truth, and that way we can begin to move forward” said Chris Sorensen from The Clergy.
They remembered the lives of several African Americans killed.
Display posters recognized names like Emmitt Till, Trayvon Martin, Sandra Bland and Ahmaud Arbery.
They also held a moment of silence in honor of George Floyd.
During the moment of silence that lasted 8 minutes 46 seconds, religious leaders like Terry Ladd talked about what was going through their minds, “It was difficult for us to stay there silently. It speaks to us how deep racism runs in this country.”
The clergy says the first step to healing, is being honest.
“We wanted to start this gathering as an expression of our faith and our commitment to truth and justice” said Ladd.
the clergy for truth justice love and healing
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Winston Reed was born in 804 Virginia in his hometown of Chesterfield. He grew up with a fascination of television, sports, and movies. Winston got his first taste of journalism at Old Dominion University where he took his first tv news and reporting class. After graduating in May of 2018 with a Communications degree, Winston got his first television job as an editor with NBC 12 Richmond. Now, as of October of 2019, Winston has officially joined the WDEF News 12 Now team as a reporter and producer. Winston loves sports, movies, pop culture, traveling and the great outdoors. Connect with Winston for story ideas and more. Instagram: winstonreednetwork Twitter: @WinstonReedTV Facebook: Winston Reed III Email: wreed@wdef.com
WHAT’S ON TV NOW
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Gossip Café [/offtopic]
What Movie Did you Just Watch?
By GodPigeon, January 3, 2008 in Gossip Café [/offtopic]
Lucandrake 3
1Emu Veteran
Location:U.S.A
Interests:The internet is an interest.
Aside the scene where the turtle dies for no reason, it was cool.
Inky 0
I ain't old, just out of date.
Ultra Members
Location:The late, great golden state
Interests:rockabilly, psychobilly, punk rock, tattoos. I'm married so I don't like girls anymore! :)
the turtle had to die.... thats standard kung fu movie formula. the grand master always dies.
Yea but I demand reasoning! He could have died with purpose, not just a blunt line and then POOF, he's gone!
Autobahn 0
I saw The Hulk. I really liked it.
L.S.D 9
Anyone want a hallucination?
Location:Welcome to the jungle!
I saw the Hulk too. And that is two good comic movies for this year, Iron Man and Incredible Hulk. Never imagine it could turn out good and the ending after the credits made me wants more.
Saw Wanted, it's .... cool.
Angy was a fuking doll throughout the entire movie, and a perfect example of how stupid religion can turn out to be or any form or worship for that matter.
The action was nice, the car scenes were a little out of this world, and the director has an obsession with trains (or writer idk). The ending was nice, with a good message .
Devia Eleven 3
Salorskin 1
Proud Fan
Location:My house.
Interests:I'm into stuff...
Saw Funny Games a few days ago. I loved it, Ryan hated it. There's a scene in particular that is semi bothersome... but I understand it has to do with control, and also that the director is trying to put across that we WANT to see more. I could have done without it, but it didn't really ruin my experience (just threw it off for a few)
Sorry for not posting that. Anyways, I wouldn't recommend for the average movie-goer. Acting and story are pretty brilliant, and though it seems like an exploitation film it isn't.
Another recent film I saw is Teeth. It's about a high school student named Dawn that's active in abstinence groups and is a speaker in their meetings. But Dawn has a secret... her v.agina... has teeth!
It's goofy, creepy, disgusting, and everything else you want in a movie, it's just some of it is poorly executed. Still, Jess Weixler's performance overshadows the rest of the film's roster. It's definitely not something you'll walk away from, you'll watch and constantly be entertained. 10/10 on the B Movie scale!
And finally, I saw A Force Of One featuring Chuck Norris. Let me tell ya... this is the most ridiculous and poorly made martial arts flick I've EVER seen! The bad guy had no motive, the storyline was absolute garbage, the editing was terrible, and the acting was dreadful. This movie was so bad that it was hilarious! On a B Movie Scale... I give it a 3/10. BOOO
*The fight scenes pretty much sucked as well.
I start watching House season 4 on DVD. Amazing that this show can just bank on its main character, House (which is the brilliant Hugh Laurie) and add in Survivor style competition to get the 3 places his team left empty in end Season 3 I really like this series, watching a marathon of 6 episodes yesterday alone
L.S.D I've been pretty much watching House left and right for about 3 months now, imo, the last 2 episodes of season 4 are the best.
To salorskin: I saw funny games (remake), it's sick, I loved it till the very end, and consider it my type of insanity, logic in a illogical world, my favorite scene, the remote and the shotgun , hope is given and quickly taken away!
3.5/5 batman as anime, 6 short stories. no Joker....
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Peach Pit at 9:30 Club
Haley Blais
Fri, May 7
New Date! All original U Street Music Hall tickets will be honored for the 9:30 Club Show.* Early Show*
Peach Pit’s songs feel like a close friend telling you a story. The Vancouver quartet—Neil Smith [vocals, guitar], Chris Vanderkooy [guitar], Peter Wilton [bass], and Mikey Pascuzzi [drums]— refine this signature storytelling over a soundtrack of breezy guitars and some ballsy distortion on their forthcoming sophomore album, expected next year via Columbia Records.
As legend has it, these high school buddies from North of the Border achieved a major breakthrough in 2016 with their self-titled viral anthem, “Peach Pit.” It eventually surpassed 25 million Spotify streams and heralded the Sweet FA EP in 2017, which also includes their hit single “Seventeen.” Meanwhile, the band’s 2017 full-length debut Being So Normal yielded a string of off-kilter anthems a la “Tommy’s Party” [13 million streams], “Alrighty Aphrodite” [11.5 million streams], and “Drop the Guillotine” [8.2 million streams]. Along the way, they have built a cult following in large part due to their stellar live show. Peach Pit has performed everywhere from Bonnaroo, Shaky Knees Music Festival, and CBC Music Festival to Bumbershoot and Capital Hill Block Party in addition to attracting acclaim from Vice, Substream, Exclaim, and more.
2019 saw them hunker down and record alongside GRAMMY® Award-winning producer John Congleton [St. Vincent, Best Coast] over the summer. The first single “Feelin’ Low (F*ckboy Blues)” illuminates a shift. Like any good tale, it ends on a twist.
“Five years ago, I was on a backpacking trip in Thailand with my best friend Tomas,” front-man Neil Smith recalls. “We made a bet over a card game tournament while we were there. The loser had to get ‘Skunk’ tattooed on his butt. On the last day in the Tokyo airport, Tomas beat me, so I had to get the butt tattoo with our other friend as the tattoo ‘artist.’ All of a sudden, everyone bursts out laughing. I was like, ‘Oh my God, what have I done?’ Long story short, I now have ‘Fuckboy’ tattooed on my butt. So, that’s what ‘Feelin’ Low’ is about.”
In the end, you’ll remember these songs (and stories) for a long time to come.
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[Docs] [txt|pdf] [Tracker] [WG] [Email] [Diff1] [Diff2] [Nits] [IPR]
Versions: (draft-rosen-mpls-arch) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 RFC 3031
Network Working Group Eric C. Rosen
Internet Draft Cisco Systems, Inc.
Expiration Date: February 2000
Arun Viswanathan
Ross Callon
IronBridge Networks, Inc.
Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture
draft-ietf-mpls-arch-06.txt
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
This internet draft specifies the architecture for Multiprotocol
Label Switching (MPLS).
Rosen, Viswanathan & Callon [Page 1]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-arch-06.txt August 1999
1 Specification ...................................... 4
2 Introduction to MPLS ............................... 4
2.1 Overview ........................................... 4
2.2 Terminology ........................................ 6
2.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................... 9
2.4 Acknowledgments .................................... 10
3 MPLS Basics ........................................ 10
3.1 Labels ............................................. 10
3.2 Upstream and Downstream LSRs ....................... 11
3.3 Labeled Packet ..................................... 11
3.4 Label Assignment and Distribution .................. 12
3.5 Attributes of a Label Binding ...................... 12
3.6 Label Distribution Protocols ....................... 12
3.7 Unsolicited Downstream vs. Downstream-on-Demand .... 13
3.8 Label Retention Mode ............................... 13
3.9 The Label Stack .................................... 14
3.10 The Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (NHLFE) ........ 14
3.11 Incoming Label Map (ILM) ........................... 15
3.12 FEC-to-NHLFE Map (FTN) ............................. 15
3.13 Label Swapping ..................................... 16
3.14 Scope and Uniqueness of Labels ..................... 16
3.15 Label Switched Path (LSP), LSP Ingress, LSP Egress . 17
3.16 Penultimate Hop Popping ............................ 19
3.17 LSP Next Hop ....................................... 21
3.18 Invalid Incoming Labels ............................ 21
3.19 LSP Control: Ordered versus Independent ............ 21
3.20 Aggregation ........................................ 22
3.21 Route Selection .................................... 24
3.22 Lack of Outgoing Label ............................. 25
3.23 Time-to-Live (TTL) ................................. 25
3.24 Loop Control ....................................... 26
3.25 Label Encodings .................................... 27
3.25.1 MPLS-specific Hardware and/or Software ............. 27
3.25.2 ATM Switches as LSRs ............................... 27
3.25.3 Interoperability among Encoding Techniques ......... 29
3.26 Label Merging ...................................... 30
3.26.1 Non-merging LSRs ................................... 31
3.26.2 Labels for Merging and Non-Merging LSRs ............ 31
3.26.3 Merge over ATM ..................................... 32
3.26.3.1 Methods of Eliminating Cell Interleave ............. 32
3.26.3.2 Interoperation: VC Merge, VP Merge, and Non-Merge .. 33
3.27 Tunnels and Hierarchy .............................. 34
3.27.1 Hop-by-Hop Routed Tunnel ........................... 34
3.27.2 Explicitly Routed Tunnel ........................... 34
3.27.3 LSP Tunnels ........................................ 34
3.27.4 Hierarchy: LSP Tunnels within LSPs ................. 35
3.27.5 Label Distribution Peering and Hierarchy ........... 35
3.28 Label Distribution Protocol Transport .............. 37
3.29 Why More than one Label Distribution Protocol? ..... 37
3.29.1 BGP and LDP ........................................ 37
3.29.2 Labels for RSVP Flowspecs .......................... 37
3.29.3 Labels for Explicitly Routed LSPs .................. 38
3.30 Multicast .......................................... 38
4 Some Applications of MPLS .......................... 38
4.1 MPLS and Hop by Hop Routed Traffic ................. 38
4.1.1 Labels for Address Prefixes ........................ 38
4.1.2 Distributing Labels for Address Prefixes ........... 39
4.1.2.1 Label Distribution Peers for an Address Prefix ..... 39
4.1.2.2 Distributing Labels ................................ 39
4.1.3 Using the Hop by Hop path as the LSP ............... 40
4.1.4 LSP Egress and LSP Proxy Egress .................... 41
4.1.5 The Implicit NULL Label ............................ 41
4.1.6 Option: Egress-Targeted Label Assignment ........... 42
4.2 MPLS and Explicitly Routed LSPs .................... 44
4.2.1 Explicitly Routed LSP Tunnels ...................... 44
4.3 Label Stacks and Implicit Peering .................. 45
4.4 MPLS and Multi-Path Routing ........................ 46
4.5 LSP Trees as Multipoint-to-Point Entities .......... 46
4.6 LSP Tunneling between BGP Border Routers ........... 47
4.7 Other Uses of Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnels ........ 49
4.8 MPLS and Multicast ................................. 49
5 Label Distribution Procedures (Hop-by-Hop) ......... 50
5.1 The Procedures for Advertising and Using labels .... 50
5.1.1 Downstream LSR: Distribution Procedure ............. 50
5.1.1.1 PushUnconditional .................................. 51
5.1.1.2 PushConditional .................................... 51
5.1.1.3 PulledUnconditional ................................ 52
5.1.1.4 PulledConditional .................................. 52
5.1.2 Upstream LSR: Request Procedure .................... 53
5.1.2.1 RequestNever ....................................... 53
5.1.2.2 RequestWhenNeeded .................................. 53
5.1.2.3 RequestOnRequest ................................... 54
5.1.3 Upstream LSR: NotAvailable Procedure ............... 54
5.1.3.1 RequestRetry ....................................... 54
5.1.3.2 RequestNoRetry ..................................... 54
5.1.4 Upstream LSR: Release Procedure .................... 55
5.1.4.1 ReleaseOnChange .................................... 55
5.1.4.2 NoReleaseOnChange .................................. 55
5.1.5 Upstream LSR: labelUse Procedure ................... 55
5.1.5.1 UseImmediate ....................................... 56
5.1.5.2 UseIfLoopNotDetected ............................... 56
5.1.6 Downstream LSR: Withdraw Procedure ................. 56
5.2 MPLS Schemes: Supported Combinations of Procedures . 57
5.2.1 Schemes for LSRs that Support Label Merging ........ 57
5.2.2 Schemes for LSRs that do not Support Label Merging . 58
5.2.3 Interoperability Considerations .................... 59
6 Security Considerations ............................ 61
7 Intellectual Property .............................. 61
8 Authors' Addresses ................................. 61
9 References ......................................... 62
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
2. Introduction to MPLS
Note that the use of MPLS for multicast is left for further study.
As a packet of a connectionless network layer protocol travels from
one router to the next, each router makes an independent forwarding
decision for that packet. That is, each router analyzes the packet's
header, and each router runs a network layer routing algorithm. Each
router independently chooses a next hop for the packet, based on its
analysis of the packet's header and the results of running the
routing algorithm.
Packet headers contain considerably more information than is needed
simply to choose the next hop. Choosing the next hop can therefore be
thought of as the composition of two functions. The first function
partitions the entire set of possible packets into a set of
"Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs)". The second maps each FEC to
a next hop. Insofar as the forwarding decision is concerned,
different packets which get mapped into the same FEC are
indistinguishable. All packets which belong to a particular FEC and
which travel from a particular node will follow the same path (or if
certain kinds of multi-path routing are in use, they will all follow
one of a set of paths associated with the FEC).
In conventional IP forwarding, a particular router will typically
consider two packets to be in the same FEC if there is some address
prefix X in that router's routing tables such that X is the "longest
match" for each packet's destination address. As the packet traverses
the network, each hop in turn reexamines the packet and assigns it to
a FEC.
In MPLS, the assignment of a particular packet to a particular FEC is
done just once, as the packet enters the network. The FEC to which
the packet is assigned is encoded as a short fixed length value known
as a "label". When a packet is forwarded to its next hop, the label
is sent along with it; that is, the packets are "labeled" before they
are forwarded.
At subsequent hops, there is no further analysis of the packet's
network layer header. Rather, the label is used as an index into a
table which specifies the next hop, and a new label. The old label
is replaced with the new label, and the packet is forwarded to its
next hop.
In the MPLS forwarding paradigm, once a packet is assigned to a FEC,
no further header analysis is done by subsequent routers; all
forwarding is driven by the labels. This has a number of advantages
over conventional network layer forwarding.
- MPLS forwarding can be done by switches which are capable of
doing label lookup and replacement, but are either not capable of
analyzing the network layer headers, or are not capable of
analyzing the network layer headers at adequate speed.
- Since a packet is assigned to a FEC when it enters the network,
the ingress router may use, in determining the assignment, any
information it has about the packet, even if that information
cannot be gleaned from the network layer header. For example,
packets arriving on different ports may be assigned to different
FECs. Conventional forwarding, on the other hand, can only
consider information which travels with the packet in the packet
- A packet that enters the network at a particular router can be
labeled differently than the same packet entering the network at
a different router, and as a result forwarding decisions that
depend on the ingress router can be easily made. This cannot be
done with conventional forwarding, since the identity of a
packet's ingress router does not travel with the packet.
- The considerations that determine how a packet is assigned to a
FEC can become ever more and more complicated, without any impact
at all on the routers that merely forward labeled packets.
- Sometimes it is desirable to force a packet to follow a
particular route which is explicitly chosen at or before the time
the packet enters the network, rather than being chosen by the
normal dynamic routing algorithm as the packet travels through
the network. This may be done as a matter of policy, or to
support traffic engineering. In conventional forwarding, this
requires the packet to carry an encoding of its route along with
it ("source routing"). In MPLS, a label can be used to represent
the route, so that the identity of the explicit route need not be
carried with the packet.
Some routers analyze a packet's network layer header not merely to
choose the packet's next hop, but also to determine a packet's
"precedence" or "class of service". They may then apply different
discard thresholds or scheduling disciplines to different packets.
MPLS allows (but does not require) the precedence or class of service
to be fully or partially inferred from the label. In this case, one
may say that the label represents the combination of a FEC and a
precedence or class of service.
MPLS stands for "Multiprotocol" Label Switching, multiprotocol
because its techniques are applicable to ANY network layer protocol.
In this document, however, we focus on the use of IP as the network
layer protocol.
A router which supports MPLS is known as a "Label Switching Router",
or LSR.
A general discussion of issues related to MPLS is presented in "A
Framework for Multiprotocol Label Switching" [MPLS-FRMWRK].
This section gives a general conceptual overview of the terms used in
this document. Some of these terms are more precisely defined in
later sections of the document.
DLCI a label used in Frame Relay networks to
identify frame relay circuits
forwarding equivalence class a group of IP packets which are
forwarded in the same manner (e.g.,
over the same path, with the same
forwarding treatment)
frame merge label merging, when it is applied to
operation over frame based media, so that
the potential problem of cell interleave
is not an issue.
label a short fixed length physically
contiguous identifier which is used to
identify a FEC, usually of local
significance.
label merging the replacement of multiple incoming
labels for a particular FEC with a single
outgoing label
label swap the basic forwarding operation consisting
of looking up an incoming label to
determine the outgoing label,
encapsulation, port, and other data
handling information.
label swapping a forwarding paradigm allowing
streamlined forwarding of data by using
labels to identify classes of data
packets which are treated
indistinguishably when forwarding.
label switched hop the hop between two MPLS nodes, on which
forwarding is done using labels.
label switched path The path through one or more LSRs at one
level of the hierarchy followed by a
packets in a particular FEC.
label switching router an MPLS node which is capable of
forwarding native L3 packets
layer 2 the protocol layer under layer 3 (which
therefore offers the services used by
layer 3). Forwarding, when done by the
swapping of short fixed length labels,
occurs at layer 2 regardless of whether
the label being examined is an ATM
VPI/VCI, a frame relay DLCI, or an MPLS
label.
layer 3 the protocol layer at which IP and its
associated routing protocols operate link
layer synonymous with layer 2
loop detection a method of dealing with loops in which
loops are allowed to be set up, and data
may be transmitted over the loop, but the
loop is later detected
loop prevention a method of dealing with loops in which
data is never transmitted over a loop
label stack an ordered set of labels
merge point a node at which label merging is done
MPLS domain a contiguous set of nodes which operate
MPLS routing and forwarding and which are
also in one Routing or Administrative
MPLS edge node an MPLS node that connects an MPLS domain
with a node which is outside of the
domain, either because it does not run
MPLS, and/or because it is in a different
domain. Note that if an LSR has a
neighboring host which is not running
MPLS, that that LSR is an MPLS edge node.
MPLS egress node an MPLS edge node in its role in handling
traffic as it leaves an MPLS domain
MPLS ingress node an MPLS edge node in its role in handling
traffic as it enters an MPLS domain
MPLS label a label which is carried in a packet
header, and which represents the packet's
MPLS node a node which is running MPLS. An MPLS
node will be aware of MPLS control
protocols, will operate one or more L3
routing protocols, and will be capable of
forwarding packets based on labels. An
MPLS node may optionally be also capable
of forwarding native L3 packets.
MultiProtocol Label Switching an IETF working group and the effort
associated with the working group
network layer synonymous with layer 3
stack synonymous with label stack
switched path synonymous with label switched path
virtual circuit a circuit used by a connection-oriented
layer 2 technology such as ATM or Frame
Relay, requiring the maintenance of state
information in layer 2 switches.
VC merge label merging where the MPLS label is
carried in the ATM VCI field (or combined
VPI/VCI field), so as to allow multiple
VCs to merge into one single VC
VP merge label merging where the MPLS label is
carried din the ATM VPI field, so as to
allow multiple VPs to be merged into one
single VP. In this case two cells would
have the same VCI value only if they
originated from the same node. This
allows cells from different sources to be
distinguished via the VCI.
VPI/VCI a label used in ATM networks to identify
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
DLCI Data Link Circuit Identifier
FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class
FTN FEC to NHLFE Map
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
ILM Incoming Label Map
IP Internet Protocol
LDP Label Distribution Protocol
L2 Layer 2 L3 Layer 3
LSP Label Switched Path
LSR Label Switching Router
MPLS MultiProtocol Label Switching
NHLFE Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry
SVC Switched Virtual Circuit
SVP Switched Virtual Path
TTL Time-To-Live
VC Virtual Circuit
VCI Virtual Circuit Identifier
VP Virtual Path
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
2.4. Acknowledgments
The ideas and text in this document have been collected from a number
of sources and comments received. We would like to thank Rick Boivie,
Paul Doolan, Nancy Feldman, Yakov Rekhter, Vijay Srinivasan, and
George Swallow for their inputs and ideas.
3. MPLS Basics
In this section, we introduce some of the basic concepts of MPLS and
describe the general approach to be used.
3.1. Labels
A label is a short, fixed length, locally significant identifier
which is used to identify a FEC. The label which is put on a
particular packet represents the Forwarding Equivalence Class to
which that packet is assigned.
Most commonly, a packet is assigned to a FEC based (completely or
partially) on its network layer destination address. However, the
label is never an encoding of that address.
If Ru and Rd are LSRs, they may agree that when Ru transmits a packet
to Rd, Ru will label with packet with label value L if and only if
the packet is a member of a particular FEC F. That is, they can
agree to a "binding" between label L and FEC F for packets moving
from Ru to Rd. As a result of such an agreement, L becomes Ru's
"outgoing label" representing FEC F, and L becomes Rd's "incoming
label" representing FEC F.
Note that L does not necessarily represent FEC F for any packets
other than those which are being sent from Ru to Rd. L is an
arbitrary value whose binding to F is local to Ru and Rd.
Rosen, Viswanathan & Callon [Page 10]
When we speak above of packets "being sent" from Ru to Rd, we do not
imply either that the packet originated at Ru or that its destination
is Rd. Rather, we mean to include packets which are "transit
packets" at one or both of the LSRs.
Sometimes it may be difficult or even impossible for Rd to tell, of
an arriving packet carrying label L, that the label L was placed in
the packet by Ru, rather than by some other LSR. (This will
typically be the case when Ru and Rd are not direct neighbors.) In
such cases, Rd must make sure that the binding from label to FEC is
one-to-one. That is, Rd MUST NOT agree with Ru1 to bind L to FEC F1,
while also agreeing with some other LSR Ru2 to bind L to a different
FEC F2, UNLESS Rd can always tell, when it receives a packet with
incoming label L, whether the label was put on the packet by Ru1 or
whether it was put on by Ru2.
It is the responsibility of each LSR to ensure that it can uniquely
interpret its incoming labels.
3.2. Upstream and Downstream LSRs
Suppose Ru and Rd have agreed to bind label L to FEC F, for packets
sent from Ru to Rd. Then with respect to this binding, Ru is the
"upstream LSR", and Rd is the "downstream LSR".
To say that one node is upstream and one is downstream with respect
to a given binding means only that a particular label represents a
particular FEC in packets travelling from the upstream node to the
downstream node. This is NOT meant to imply that packets in that FEC
would actually be routed from the upstream node to the downstream
node.
3.3. Labeled Packet
A "labeled packet" is a packet into which a label has been encoded.
In some cases, the label resides in an encapsulation header which
exists specifically for this purpose. In other cases, the label may
reside in an existing data link or network layer header, as long as
there is a field which is available for that purpose. The particular
encoding technique to be used must be agreed to by both the entity
which encodes the label and the entity which decodes the label.
3.4. Label Assignment and Distribution
In the MPLS architecture, the decision to bind a particular label L
to a particular FEC F is made by the LSR which is DOWNSTREAM with
respect to that binding. The downstream LSR then informs the
upstream LSR of the binding. Thus labels are "downstream-assigned",
and label bindings are distributed in the "downstream to upstream"
If an LSR has been designed so that it can only look up labels that
fall into a certain numeric range, then it merely needs to ensure
that it only binds labels that are in that range.
3.5. Attributes of a Label Binding
A particular binding of label L to FEC F, distributed by Rd to Ru,
may have associated "attributes". If Ru, acting as a downstream LSR,
also distributes a binding of a label to FEC F, then under certain
conditions, it may be required to also distribute the corresponding
attribute that it received from Rd.
3.6. Label Distribution Protocols
A label distribution protocol is a set of procedures by which one LSR
informs another of the label/FEC bindings it has made. Two LSRs
which use a label distribution protocol to exchange label/FEC binding
information are known as "label distribution peers" with respect to
the binding information they exchange. If two LSRs are label
distribution peers, we will speak of there being a "label
distribution adjacency" between them.
(N.B.: two LSRs may be label distribution peers with respect to some
set of bindings, but not with respect to some other set of bindings.)
The label distribution protocol also encompasses any negotiations in
which two label distribution peers need to engage in order to learn
of each other's MPLS capabilities.
THE ARCHITECTURE DOES NOT ASSUME THAT THERE IS ONLY A SINGLE LABEL
DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL. In fact, a number of different label
distribution protocols are being standardized. Existing protocols
have been extended so that label distribution can be piggybacked on
them (see, e.g., [MPLS-BGP], [MPLS-RSVP], [MPLS-RSVP-TUNNELS]). New
protocols have also been defined for the explicit purpose of
distributing labels (see, e.g., [MPLS-LDP], [MPLS-CR-LDP].
In this document, we try to use the acronym "LDP" to refer
specifically to the protocol defined in [MPLS-LDP]; when speaking of
label distribution protocols in general, we try to avoid the acronym.
3.7. Unsolicited Downstream vs. Downstream-on-Demand
The MPLS architecture allows an LSR to explicitly request, from its
next hop for a particular FEC, a label binding for that FEC. This is
known as "downstream-on-demand" label distribution.
The MPLS architecture also allows an LSR to distribute bindings to
LSRs that have not explicitly requested them. This is known as
"unsolicited downstream" label distribution.
It is expected that some MPLS implementations will provide only
downstream-on-demand label distribution, and some will provide only
unsolicited downstream label distribution, and some will provide
both. Which is provided may depend on the characteristics of the
interfaces which are supported by a particular implementation.
However, both of these label distribution techniques may be used in
the same network at the same time. On any given label distribution
adjacency, the upstream LSR and the downstream LSR must agree on
which technique is to be used.
3.8. Label Retention Mode
An LSR Ru may receive (or have received) a label binding for a
particular FEC from an LSR Rd, even though Rd is not Ru's next hop
(or is no longer Ru's next hop) for that FEC.
Ru then has the choice of whether to keep track of such bindings, or
whether to discard such bindings. If Ru keeps track of such
bindings, then it may immediately begin using the binding again if Rd
eventually becomes its next hop for the FEC in question. If Ru
discards such bindings, then if Rd later becomes the next hop, the
binding will have to be reacquired.
If an LSR supports "Liberal Label Retention Mode", it maintains the
bindings between a label and a FEC which are received from LSRs which
are not its next hop for that FEC. If an LSR supports "Conservative
Label Retention Mode", it discards such bindings.
Liberal label retention mode allows for quicker adaptation to routing
changes, but conservative label retention mode though requires an LSR
to maintain many fewer labels.
3.9. The Label Stack
So far, we have spoken as if a labeled packet carries only a single
label. As we shall see, it is useful to have a more general model in
which a labeled packet carries a number of labels, organized as a
last-in, first-out stack. We refer to this as a "label stack".
Although, as we shall see, MPLS supports a hierarchy, the processing
of a labeled packet is completely independent of the level of
hierarchy. The processing is always based on the top label, without
regard for the possibility that some number of other labels may have
been "above it" in the past, or that some number of other labels may
be below it at present.
An unlabeled packet can be thought of as a packet whose label stack
is empty (i.e., whose label stack has depth 0).
If a packet's label stack is of depth m, we refer to the label at the
bottom of the stack as the level 1 label, to the label above it (if
such exists) as the level 2 label, and to the label at the top of the
stack as the level m label.
The utility of the label stack will become clear when we introduce
the notion of LSP Tunnel and the MPLS Hierarchy (section 3.27).
3.10. The Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (NHLFE)
The "Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry" (NHLFE) is used when forwarding
a labeled packet. It contains the following information:
1. the packet's next hop
2. the operation to perform on the packet's label stack; this is
one of the following operations:
a) replace the label at the top of the label stack with a
specified new label
b) pop the label stack
c) replace the label at the top of the label stack with a
specified new label, and then push one or more specified
new labels onto the label stack.
It may also contain:
d) the data link encapsulation to use when transmitting the packet
e) the way to encode the label stack when transmitting the packet
f) any other information needed in order to properly dispose of
the packet.
Note that at a given LSR, the packet's "next hop" might be that LSR
itself. In this case, the LSR would need to pop the top level label,
and then "forward" the resulting packet to itself. It would then
make another forwarding decision, based on what remains after the
label stacked is popped. This may still be a labeled packet, or it
may be the native IP packet.
This implies that in some cases the LSR may need to operate on the IP
header in order to forward the packet.
If the packet's "next hop" is the current LSR, then the label stack
operation MUST be to "pop the stack".
3.11. Incoming Label Map (ILM)
The "Incoming Label Map" (ILM) maps each incoming label to a set of
NHLFEs. It is used when forwarding packets that arrive as labeled
packets.
If the ILM maps a particular label to a set of NHLFEs that contains
more than one element, exactly one element of the set must be chosen
before the packet is forwarded. The procedures for choosing an
element from the set are beyond the scope of this document. Having
the ILM map a label to a set containing more than one NHLFE may be
useful if, e.g., it is desired to do load balancing over multiple
equal-cost paths.
3.12. FEC-to-NHLFE Map (FTN)
The "FEC-to-NHLFE" (FTN) maps each FEC to a set of NHLFEs. It is used
when forwarding packets that arrive unlabeled, but which are to be
labeled before being forwarded.
If the FTN maps a particular label to a set of NHLFEs that contains
the FTN map a label to a set containing more than one NHLFE may be
3.13. Label Swapping
Label swapping is the use of the following procedures to forward a
In order to forward a labeled packet, a LSR examines the label at the
top of the label stack. It uses the ILM to map this label to an
NHLFE. Using the information in the NHLFE, it determines where to
forward the packet, and performs an operation on the packet's label
stack. It then encodes the new label stack into the packet, and
forwards the result.
In order to forward an unlabeled packet, a LSR analyzes the network
layer header, to determine the packet's FEC. It then uses the FTN to
map this to an NHLFE. Using the information in the NHLFE, it
determines where to forward the packet, and performs an operation on
the packet's label stack. (Popping the label stack would, of course,
be illegal in this case.) It then encodes the new label stack into
the packet, and forwards the result.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT WHEN LABEL SWAPPING IS IN USE, THE NEXT
HOP IS ALWAYS TAKEN FROM THE NHLFE; THIS MAY IN SOME CASES BE
DIFFERENT FROM WHAT THE NEXT HOP WOULD BE IF MPLS WERE NOT IN USE.
3.14. Scope and Uniqueness of Labels
A given LSR Rd may bind label L1 to FEC F, and distribute that
binding to label distribution peer Ru1. Rd may also bind label L2 to
FEC F, and distribute that binding to label distribution peer Ru2.
Whether or not L1 == L2 is not determined by the architecture; this
is a local matter.
A given LSR Rd may bind label L to FEC F1, and distribute that
binding to label distribution peer Ru1. Rd may also bind label L to
FEC F2, and distribute that binding to label distribution peer Ru2.
IF (AND ONLY IF) RD CAN TELL, WHEN IT RECEIVES A PACKET WHOSE TOP
LABEL IS L, WHETHER THE LABEL WAS PUT THERE BY RU1 OR BY RU2, THEN
THE ARCHITECTURE DOES NOT REQUIRE THAT F1 == F2. In such cases, we
may say that Rd is using a different "label space" for the labels it
distributes to Ru1 than for the labels it distributes to Ru2.
In general, Rd can only tell whether it was Ru1 or Ru2 that put the
particular label value L at the top of the label stack if the
following conditions hold:
- Ru1 and Ru2 are the only label distribution peers to which Rd
distributed a binding of label value L, and
- Ru1 and Ru2 are each directly connected to Rd via a point-to-
point interface.
When these conditions hold, an LSR may use labels that have "per
interface" scope, i.e., which are only unique per interface. We may
say that the LSR is using a "per-interface label space". When these
conditions do not hold, the labels must be unique over the LSR which
has assigned them, and we may say that the LSR is using a "per-
platform label space."
If a particular LSR Rd is attached to a particular LSR Ru over two
point-to-point interfaces, then Rd may distribute to Ru a binding of
label L to FEC F1, as well as a binding of label L to FEC F2, F1 !=
F2, if and only if each binding is valid only for packets which Ru
sends to Rd over a particular one of the interfaces. In all other
cases, Rd MUST NOT distribute to Ru bindings of the same label value
to two different FECs.
This prohibition holds even if the bindings are regarded as being at
different "levels of hierarchy". In MPLS, there is no notion of
having a different label space for different levels of the hierarchy;
when interpreting a label, the level of the label is irrelevant.
The question arises as to whether it is possible for an LSR to use
multiple per-platform label spaces, or to use multiple per-interface
label spaces for the same interface. This is not prohibited by the
architecture. However, in such cases the LSR must have some means,
not specified by the architecture, of determining, for a particular
incoming label, which label space that label belongs to. For
example, [MPLS-SHIM] specifies that a different label space is used
for unicast packets than for multicast packets, and uses a data link
layer codepoint to distinguish the two label spaces.
3.15. Label Switched Path (LSP), LSP Ingress, LSP Egress
A "Label Switched Path (LSP) of level m" for a particular packet P is
a sequence of routers,
<R1, ..., Rn>
with the following properties:
1. R1, the "LSP Ingress", is an LSR which pushes a label onto P's
label stack, resulting in a label stack of depth m;
2. For all i, 1<i<n, P has a label stack of depth m when received
by LSR Ri;
3. At no time during P's transit from R1 to R[n-1] does its label
stack ever have a depth of less than m;
4. For all i, 1<i<n: Ri transmits P to R[i+1] by means of MPLS,
i.e., by using the label at the top of the label stack (the
level m label) as an index into an ILM;
5. For all i, 1<i<n: if a system S receives and forwards P after P
is transmitted by Ri but before P is received by R[i+1] (e.g.,
Ri and R[i+1] might be connected via a switched data link
subnetwork, and S might be one of the data link switches), then
S's forwarding decision is not based on the level m label, or
on the network layer header. This may be because:
a) the decision is not based on the label stack or the
network layer header at all;
b) the decision is based on a label stack on which
additional labels have been pushed (i.e., on a level m+k
label, where k>0).
In other words, we can speak of the level m LSP for Packet P as the
sequence of routers:
1. which begins with an LSR (an "LSP Ingress") that pushes on a
level m label,
2. all of whose intermediate LSRs make their forwarding decision
by label Switching on a level m label,
3. which ends (at an "LSP Egress") when a forwarding decision is
made by label Switching on a level m-k label, where k>0, or
when a forwarding decision is made by "ordinary", non-MPLS
forwarding procedures.
A consequence (or perhaps a presupposition) of this is that whenever
an LSR pushes a label onto an already labeled packet, it needs to
make sure that the new label corresponds to a FEC whose LSP Egress is
the LSR that assigned the label which is now second in the stack.
We will call a sequence of LSRs the "LSP for a particular FEC F" if
it is an LSP of level m for a particular packet P when P's level m
label is a label corresponding to FEC F.
Consider the set of nodes which may be LSP ingress nodes for FEC F.
Then there is an LSP for FEC F which begins with each of those nodes.
If a number of those LSPs have the same LSP egress, then one can
consider the set of such LSPs to be a tree, whose root is the LSP
egress. (Since data travels along this tree towards the root, this
may be called a multipoint-to-point tree.) We can thus speak of the
"LSP tree" for a particular FEC F.
3.16. Penultimate Hop Popping
Note that according to the definitions of section 3.15, if <R1, ...,
Rn> is a level m LSP for packet P, P may be transmitted from R[n-1]
to Rn with a label stack of depth m-1. That is, the label stack may
be popped at the penultimate LSR of the LSP, rather than at the LSP
Egress.
From an architectural perspective, this is perfectly appropriate.
The purpose of the level m label is to get the packet to Rn. Once
R[n-1] has decided to send the packet to Rn, the label no longer has
any function, and need no longer be carried.
There is also a practical advantage to doing penultimate hop popping.
If one does not do this, then when the LSP egress receives a packet,
it first looks up the top label, and determines as a result of that
lookup that it is indeed the LSP egress. Then it must pop the stack,
and examine what remains of the packet. If there is another label on
the stack, the egress will look this up and forward the packet based
on this lookup. (In this case, the egress for the packet's level m
LSP is also an intermediate node for its level m-1 LSP.) If there is
no other label on the stack, then the packet is forwarded according
to its network layer destination address. Note that this would
require the egress to do TWO lookups, either two label lookups or a
label lookup followed by an address lookup.
If, on the other hand, penultimate hop popping is used, then when the
penultimate hop looks up the label, it determines:
- that it is the penultimate hop, and
- who the next hop is.
The penultimate node then pops the stack, and forwards the packet
based on the information gained by looking up the label that was
previously at the top of the stack. When the LSP egress receives the
packet, the label which is now at the top of the stack will be the
label which it needs to look up in order to make its own forwarding
decision. Or, if the packet was only carrying a single label, the
LSP egress will simply see the network layer packet, which is just
what it needs to see in order to make its forwarding decision.
This technique allows the egress to do a single lookup, and also
requires only a single lookup by the penultimate node.
The creation of the forwarding "fastpath" in a label switching
product may be greatly aided if it is known that only a single lookup
is ever required:
- the code may be simplified if it can assume that only a single
lookup is ever needed
- the code can be based on a "time budget" that assumes that only a
single lookup is ever needed.
In fact, when penultimate hop popping is done, the LSP Egress need
not even be an LSR.
However, some hardware switching engines may not be able to pop the
label stack, so this cannot be universally required. There may also
be some situations in which penultimate hop popping is not desirable.
Therefore the penultimate node pops the label stack only if this is
specifically requested by the egress node, OR if the next node in the
LSP does not support MPLS. (If the next node in the LSP does support
MPLS, but does not make such a request, the penultimate node has no
way of knowing that it in fact is the penultimate node.)
An LSR which is capable of popping the label stack at all MUST do
penultimate hop popping when so requested by its downstream label
distribution peer.
Initial label distribution protocol negotiations MUST allow each LSR
to determine whether its neighboring LSRS are capable of popping the
label stack. A LSR MUST NOT request a label distribution peer to pop
the label stack unless it is capable of doing so.
It may be asked whether the egress node can always interpret the top
label of a received packet properly if penultimate hop popping is
used. As long as the uniqueness and scoping rules of section 3.14
are obeyed, it is always possible to interpret the top label of a
received packet unambiguously.
3.17. LSP Next Hop
The LSP Next Hop for a particular labeled packet in a particular LSR
is the LSR which is the next hop, as selected by the NHLFE entry used
for forwarding that packet.
The LSP Next Hop for a particular FEC is the next hop as selected by
the NHLFE entry indexed by a label which corresponds to that FEC.
Note that the LSP Next Hop may differ from the next hop which would
be chosen by the network layer routing algorithm. We will use the
term "L3 next hop" when we refer to the latter.
3.18. Invalid Incoming Labels
What should an LSR do if it receives a labeled packet with a
particular incoming label, but has no binding for that label? It is
tempting to think that the labels can just be removed, and the packet
forwarded as an unlabeled IP packet. However, in some cases, doing
so could cause a loop. If the upstream LSR thinks the label is bound
to an explicit route, and the downstream LSR doesn't think the label
is bound to anything, and if the hop by hop routing of the unlabeled
IP packet brings the packet back to the upstream LSR, then a loop is
It is also possible that the label was intended to represent a route
which cannot be inferred from the IP header.
Therefore, when a labeled packet is received with an invalid incoming
label, it MUST be discarded, UNLESS it is determined by some means
(not within the scope of the current document) that forwarding it
unlabeled cannot cause any harm.
3.19. LSP Control: Ordered versus Independent
Some FECs correspond to address prefixes which are distributed via a
dynamic routing algorithm. The setup of the LSPs for these FECs can
be done in one of two ways: Independent LSP Control or Ordered LSP
In Independent LSP Control, each LSR, upon noting that it recognizes
a particular FEC, makes an independent decision to bind a label to
that FEC and to distribute that binding to its label distribution
peers. This corresponds to the way that conventional IP datagram
routing works; each node makes an independent decision as to how to
treat each packet, and relies on the routing algorithm to converge
rapidly so as to ensure that each datagram is correctly delivered.
In Ordered LSP Control, an LSR only binds a label to a particular FEC
if it is the egress LSR for that FEC, or if it has already received a
label binding for that FEC from its next hop for that FEC.
If one wants to ensure that traffic in a particular FEC follows a
path with some specified set of properties (e.g., that the traffic
does not traverse any node twice, that a specified amount of
resources are available to the traffic, that the traffic follows an
explicitly specified path, etc.) ordered control must be used. With
independent control, some LSRs may begin label switching a traffic in
the FEC before the LSP is completely set up, and thus some traffic in
the FEC may follow a path which does not have the specified set of
properties. Ordered control also needs to be used if the recognition
of the FEC is a consequence of the setting up of the corresponding
LSP.
Ordered LSP setup may be initiated either by the ingress or the
Ordered control and independent control are fully interoperable.
However, unless all LSRs in an LSP are using ordered control, the
overall effect on network behavior is largely that of independent
control, since one cannot be sure that an LSP is not used until it is
fully set up.
This architecture allows the choice between independent control and
ordered control to be a local matter. Since the two methods
interwork, a given LSR need support only one or the other. Generally
speaking, the choice of independent versus ordered control does not
appear to have any effect on the label distribution mechanisms which
need to be defined.
3.20. Aggregation
One way of partitioning traffic into FECs is to create a separate FEC
for each address prefix which appears in the routing table. However,
within a particular MPLS domain, this may result in a set of FECs
such that all traffic in all those FECs follows the same route. For
example, a set of distinct address prefixes might all have the same
egress node, and label swapping might be used only to get the the
traffic to the egress node. In this case, within the MPLS domain,
the union of those FECs is itself a FEC. This creates a choice:
should a distinct label be bound to each component FEC, or should a
single label be bound to the union, and that label applied to all
traffic in the union?
The procedure of binding a single label to a union of FECs which is
itself a FEC (within some domain), and of applying that label to all
traffic in the union, is known as "aggregation". The MPLS
architecture allows aggregation. Aggregation may reduce the number
of labels which are needed to handle a particular set of packets, and
may also reduce the amount of label distribution control traffic
needed.
Given a set of FECs which are "aggregatable" into a single FEC, it is
possible to (a) aggregate them into a single FEC, (b) aggregate them
into a set of FECs, or (c) not aggregate them at all. Thus we can
speak of the "granularity" of aggregation, with (a) being the
"coarsest granularity", and (c) being the "finest granularity".
When order control is used, each LSR should adopt, for a given set of
FECs, the granularity used by its next hop for those FECs.
When independent control is used, it is possible that there will be
two adjacent LSRs, Ru and Rd, which aggregate some set of FECs
If Ru has finer granularity than Rd, this does not cause a problem.
Ru distributes more labels for that set of FECs than Rd does. This
means that when Ru needs to forward labeled packets in those FECs to
Rd, it may need to map n labels into m labels, where n > m. As an
option, Ru may withdraw the set of n labels that it has distributed,
and then distribute a set of m labels, corresponding to Rd's level of
granularity. This is not necessary to ensure correct operation, but
it does result in a reduction of the number of labels distributed by
Ru, and Ru is not gaining any particular advantage by distributing
the larger number of labels. The decision whether to do this or not
If Ru has coarser granularity than Rd (i.e., Rd has distributed n
labels for the set of FECs, while Ru has distributed m, where n > m),
it has two choices:
- It may adopt Rd's finer level of granularity. This would require
it to withdraw the m labels it has distributed, and distribute n
labels. This is the preferred option.
- It may simply map its m labels into a subset of Rd's n labels, if
it can determine that this will produce the same routing. For
example, suppose that Ru applies a single label to all traffic
that needs to pass through a certain egress LSR, whereas Rd binds
a number of different labels to such traffic, depending on the
individual destination addresses of the packets. If Ru knows the
address of the egress router, and if Rd has bound a label to the
FEC which is identified by that address, then Ru can simply apply
that label.
In any event, every LSR needs to know (by configuration) what
granularity to use for labels that it assigns. Where ordered control
is used, this requires each node to know the granularity only for
FECs which leave the MPLS network at that node. For independent
control, best results may be obtained by ensuring that all LSRs are
consistently configured to know the granularity for each FEC.
However, in many cases this may be done by using a single level of
granularity which applies to all FECs (such as "one label per IP
prefix in the forwarding table", or "one label per egress node").
3.21. Route Selection
Route selection refers to the method used for selecting the LSP for a
particular FEC. The proposed MPLS protocol architecture supports two
options for Route Selection: (1) hop by hop routing, and (2) explicit
routing.
Hop by hop routing allows each node to independently choose the next
hop for each FEC. This is the usual mode today in existing IP
networks. A "hop by hop routed LSP" is an LSP whose route is selected
using hop by hop routing.
In an explicitly routed LSP, each LSR does not independently choose
the next hop; rather, a single LSR, generally the LSP ingress or the
LSP egress, specifies several (or all) of the LSRs in the LSP. If a
single LSR specifies the entire LSP, the LSP is "strictly" explicitly
routed. If a single LSR specifies only some of the LSP, the LSP is
"loosely" explicitly routed.
The sequence of LSRs followed by an explicitly routed LSP may be
chosen by configuration, or may be selected dynamically by a single
node (for example, the egress node may make use of the topological
information learned from a link state database in order to compute
the entire path for the tree ending at that egress node).
Explicit routing may be useful for a number of purposes, such as
policy routing or traffic engineering. In MPLS, the explicit route
needs to be specified at the time that labels are assigned, but the
explicit route does not have to be specified with each IP packet.
This makes MPLS explicit routing much more efficient than the
alternative of IP source routing.
The procedures for making use of explicit routes, either strict or
loose, are beyond the scope of this document.
3.22. Lack of Outgoing Label
When a labeled packet is traveling along an LSP, it may occasionally
happen that it reaches an LSR at which the ILM does not map the
packet's incoming label into an NHLFE, even though the incoming label
is itself valid. This can happen due to transient conditions, or due
to an error at the LSR which should be the packet's next hop.
It is tempting in such cases to strip off the label stack and attempt
to forward the packet further via conventional forwarding, based on
its network layer header. However, in general this is not a safe
- If the packet has been following an explicitly routed LSP, this
could result in a loop.
- The packet's network header may not contain enough information to
enable this particular LSR to forward it correctly.
Unless it can be determined (through some means outside the scope of
this document) that neither of these situations obtains, the only
safe procedure is to discard the packet.
3.23. Time-to-Live (TTL)
In conventional IP forwarding, each packet carries a "Time To Live"
(TTL) value in its header. Whenever a packet passes through a
router, its TTL gets decremented by 1; if the TTL reaches 0 before
the packet has reached its destination, the packet gets discarded.
This provides some level of protection against forwarding loops that
may exist due to misconfigurations, or due to failure or slow
convergence of the routing algorithm. TTL is sometimes used for other
functions as well, such as multicast scoping, and supporting the
"traceroute" command. This implies that there are two TTL-related
issues that MPLS needs to deal with: (i) TTL as a way to suppress
loops; (ii) TTL as a way to accomplish other functions, such as
limiting the scope of a packet.
When a packet travels along an LSP, it SHOULD emerge with the same
TTL value that it would have had if it had traversed the same
sequence of routers without having been label switched. If the
packet travels along a hierarchy of LSPs, the total number of LSR-
hops traversed SHOULD be reflected in its TTL value when it emerges
from the hierarchy of LSPs.
The way that TTL is handled may vary depending upon whether the MPLS
label values are carried in an MPLS-specific "shim" header [MPLS-
SHIM], or if the MPLS labels are carried in an L2 header, such as an
ATM header [MPLS-ATM] or a frame relay header [MPLS-FRMRLY].
If the label values are encoded in a "shim" that sits between the
data link and network layer headers, then this shim MUST have a TTL
field that SHOULD be initially loaded from the network layer header
TTL field, SHOULD be decremented at each LSR-hop, and SHOULD be
copied into the network layer header TTL field when the packet
emerges from its LSP.
If the label values are encoded in a data link layer header (e.g.,
the VPI/VCI field in ATM's AAL5 header), and the labeled packets are
forwarded by an L2 switch (e.g., an ATM switch), and the data link
layer (like ATM) does not itself have a TTL field, then it will not
be possible to decrement a packet's TTL at each LSR-hop. An LSP
segment which consists of a sequence of LSRs that cannot decrement a
packet's TTL will be called a "non-TTL LSP segment".
When a packet emerges from a non-TTL LSP segment, it SHOULD however
be given a TTL that reflects the number of LSR-hops it traversed. In
the unicast case, this can be achieved by propagating a meaningful
LSP length to ingress nodes, enabling the ingress to decrement the
TTL value before forwarding packets into a non-TTL LSP segment.
Sometimes it can be determined, upon ingress to a non-TTL LSP
segment, that a particular packet's TTL will expire before the packet
reaches the egress of that non-TTL LSP segment. In this case, the LSR
at the ingress to the non-TTL LSP segment must not label switch the
packet. This means that special procedures must be developed to
support traceroute functionality, for example, traceroute packets may
be forwarded using conventional hop by hop forwarding.
3.24. Loop Control
On a non-TTL LSP segment, by definition, TTL cannot be used to
protect against forwarding loops. The importance of loop control may
depend on the particular hardware being used to provide the LSR
functions along the non-TTL LSP segment.
Suppose, for instance, that ATM switching hardware is being used to
provide MPLS switching functions, with the label being carried in the
VPI/VCI field. Since ATM switching hardware cannot decrement TTL,
there is no protection against loops. If the ATM hardware is capable
of providing fair access to the buffer pool for incoming cells
carrying different VPI/VCI values, this looping may not have any
deleterious effect on other traffic. If the ATM hardware cannot
provide fair buffer access of this sort, however, then even transient
loops may cause severe degradation of the LSR's total performance.
Even if fair buffer access can be provided, it is still worthwhile to
have some means of detecting loops that last "longer than possible".
In addition, even where TTL and/or per-VC fair queuing provides a
means for surviving loops, it still may be desirable where practical
to avoid setting up LSPs which loop. All LSRs that may attach to
non-TTL LSP segments will therefore be required to support a common
technique for loop detection; however, use of the loop detection
technique is optional. The loop detection technique is specified in
[MPLS-ATM] and [MPLS-LDP].
3.25. Label Encodings
In order to transmit a label stack along with the packet whose label
stack it is, it is necessary to define a concrete encoding of the
label stack. The architecture supports several different encoding
techniques; the choice of encoding technique depends on the
particular kind of device being used to forward labeled packets.
3.25.1. MPLS-specific Hardware and/or Software
If one is using MPLS-specific hardware and/or software to forward
labeled packets, the most obvious way to encode the label stack is to
define a new protocol to be used as a "shim" between the data link
layer and network layer headers. This shim would really be just an
encapsulation of the network layer packet; it would be "protocol-
independent" such that it could be used to encapsulate any network
layer. Hence we will refer to it as the "generic MPLS
encapsulation".
The generic MPLS encapsulation would in turn be encapsulated in a
data link layer protocol.
The MPLS generic encapsulation is specified in [MPLS-SHIM].
3.25.2. ATM Switches as LSRs
It will be noted that MPLS forwarding procedures are similar to those
of legacy "label swapping" switches such as ATM switches. ATM
switches use the input port and the incoming VPI/VCI value as the
index into a "cross-connect" table, from which they obtain an output
port and an outgoing VPI/VCI value. Therefore if one or more labels
can be encoded directly into the fields which are accessed by these
legacy switches, then the legacy switches can, with suitable software
upgrades, be used as LSRs. We will refer to such devices as "ATM-
LSRs".
There are three obvious ways to encode labels in the ATM cell header
(presuming the use of AAL5):
1. SVC Encoding
Use the VPI/VCI field to encode the label which is at the top
of the label stack. This technique can be used in any network.
With this encoding technique, each LSP is realized as an ATM
SVC, and the label distribution protocol becomes the ATM
"signaling" protocol. With this encoding technique, the ATM-
LSRs cannot perform "push" or "pop" operations on the label
stack.
2. SVP Encoding
Use the VPI field to encode the label which is at the top of
the label stack, and the VCI field to encode the second label
on the stack, if one is present. This technique some advantages
over the previous one, in that it permits the use of ATM "VP-
switching". That is, the LSPs are realized as ATM SVPs, with
the label distribution protocol serving as the ATM signaling
protocol.
However, this technique cannot always be used. If the network
includes an ATM Virtual Path through a non-MPLS ATM network,
then the VPI field is not necessarily available for use by
MPLS.
When this encoding technique is used, the ATM-LSR at the egress
of the VP effectively does a "pop" operation.
3. SVP Multipoint Encoding
the label stack, use part of the VCI field to encode the second
label on the stack, if one is present, and use the remainder of
the VCI field to identify the LSP ingress. If this technique
is used, conventional ATM VP-switching capabilities can be used
to provide multipoint-to-point VPs. Cells from different
packets will then carry different VCI values. As we shall see
in section 3.26, this enables us to do label merging, without
running into any cell interleaving problems, on ATM switches
which can provide multipoint-to-point VPs, but which do not
have the VC merge capability.
This technique depends on the existence of a capability for
assigning 16-bit VCI values to each ATM switch such that no
single VCI value is assigned to two different switches. (If an
adequate number of such values could be assigned to each
switch, it would be possible to also treat the VCI value as the
second label in the stack.)
If there are more labels on the stack than can be encoded in the ATM
header, the ATM encodings must be combined with the generic
encapsulation.
3.25.3. Interoperability among Encoding Techniques
If <R1, R2, R3> is a segment of a LSP, it is possible that R1 will
use one encoding of the label stack when transmitting packet P to R2,
but R2 will use a different encoding when transmitting a packet P to
R3. In general, the MPLS architecture supports LSPs with different
label stack encodings used on different hops. Therefore, when we
discuss the procedures for processing a labeled packet, we speak in
abstract terms of operating on the packet's label stack. When a
labeled packet is received, the LSR must decode it to determine the
current value of the label stack, then must operate on the label
stack to determine the new value of the stack, and then encode the
new value appropriately before transmitting the labeled packet to its
Unfortunately, ATM switches have no capability for translating from
one encoding technique to another. The MPLS architecture therefore
requires that whenever it is possible for two ATM switches to be
successive LSRs along a level m LSP for some packet, that those two
ATM switches use the same encoding technique.
Naturally there will be MPLS networks which contain a combination of
ATM switches operating as LSRs, and other LSRs which operate using an
MPLS shim header. In such networks there may be some LSRs which have
ATM interfaces as well as "MPLS Shim" interfaces. This is one example
of an LSR with different label stack encodings on different hops.
Such an LSR may swap off an ATM encoded label stack on an incoming
interface and replace it with an MPLS shim header encoded label stack
on the outgoing interface.
3.26. Label Merging
Suppose that an LSR has bound multiple incoming labels to a
particular FEC. When forwarding packets in that FEC, one would like
to have a single outgoing label which is applied to all such packets.
The fact that two different packets in the FEC arrived with different
incoming labels is irrelevant; one would like to forward them with
the same outgoing label. The capability to do so is known as "label
merging".
Let us say that an LSR is capable of label merging if it can receive
two packets from different incoming interfaces, and/or with different
labels, and send both packets out the same outgoing interface with
the same label. Once the packets are transmitted, the information
that they arrived from different interfaces and/or with different
incoming labels is lost.
Let us say that an LSR is not capable of label merging if, for any
two packets which arrive from different interfaces, or with different
labels, the packets must either be transmitted out different
interfaces, or must have different labels. ATM-LSRs using the SVC or
SVP Encodings cannot perform label merging. This is discussed in
more detail in the next section.
If a particular LSR cannot perform label merging, then if two packets
in the same FEC arrive with different incoming labels, they must be
forwarded with different outgoing labels. With label merging, the
number of outgoing labels per FEC need only be 1; without label
merging, the number of outgoing labels per FEC could be as large as
the number of nodes in the network.
With label merging, the number of incoming labels per FEC that a
particular LSR needs is never be larger than the number of label
distribution adjacencies. Without label merging, the number of
incoming labels per FEC that a particular LSR needs is as large as
the number of upstream nodes which forward traffic in the FEC to the
LSR in question. In fact, it is difficult for an LSR to even
determine how many such incoming labels it must support for a
particular FEC.
The MPLS architecture accommodates both merging and non-merging LSRs,
but allows for the fact that there may be LSRs which do not support
label merging. This leads to the issue of ensuring correct
interoperation between merging LSRs and non-merging LSRs. The issue
is somewhat different in the case of datagram media versus the case
of ATM. The different media types will therefore be discussed
separately.
3.26.1. Non-merging LSRs
The MPLS forwarding procedures is very similar to the forwarding
procedures used by such technologies as ATM and Frame Relay. That is,
a unit of data arrives, a label (VPI/VCI or DLCI) is looked up in a
"cross-connect table", on the basis of that lookup an output port is
chosen, and the label value is rewritten. In fact, it is possible to
use such technologies for MPLS forwarding; a label distribution
protocol can be used as the "signalling protocol" for setting up the
cross-connect tables.
Unfortunately, these technologies do not necessarily support the
label merging capability. In ATM, if one attempts to perform label
merging, the result may be the interleaving of cells from various
packets. If cells from different packets get interleaved, it is
impossible to reassemble the packets. Some Frame Relay switches use
cell switching on their backplanes. These switches may also be
incapable of supporting label merging, for the same reason -- cells
of different packets may get interleaved, and there is then no way to
reassemble the packets.
We propose to support two solutions to this problem. First, MPLS will
contain procedures which allow the use of non-merging LSRs. Second,
MPLS will support procedures which allow certain ATM switches to
function as merging LSRs.
Since MPLS supports both merging and non-merging LSRs, MPLS also
contains procedures to ensure correct interoperation between them.
3.26.2. Labels for Merging and Non-Merging LSRs
An upstream LSR which supports label merging needs to be sent only
one label per FEC. An upstream neighbor which does not support label
merging needs to be sent multiple labels per FEC. However, there is
no way of knowing a priori how many labels it needs. This will depend
on how many LSRs are upstream of it with respect to the FEC in
In the MPLS architecture, if a particular upstream neighbor does not
support label merging, it is not sent any labels for a particular FEC
unless it explicitly asks for a label for that FEC. The upstream
neighbor may make multiple such requests, and is given a new label
each time. When a downstream neighbor receives such a request from
upstream, and the downstream neighbor does not itself support label
merging, then it must in turn ask its downstream neighbor for another
label for the FEC in question.
It is possible that there may be some nodes which support label
merging, but can only merge a limited number of incoming labels into
a single outgoing label. Suppose for example that due to some
hardware limitation a node is capable of merging four incoming labels
into a single outgoing label. Suppose however, that this particular
node has six incoming labels arriving at it for a particular FEC. In
this case, this node may merge these into two outgoing labels.
Whether label merging is applicable to explicitly routed LSPs is for
further study.
3.26.3. Merge over ATM
3.26.3.1. Methods of Eliminating Cell Interleave
There are several methods that can be used to eliminate the cell
interleaving problem in ATM, thereby allowing ATM switches to support
stream merge:
1. VP merge, using the SVP Multipoint Encoding
When VP merge is used, multiple virtual paths are merged into a
virtual path, but packets from different sources are
distinguished by using different VCIs within the VP.
2. VC merge
When VC merge is used, switches are required to buffer cells
from one packet until the entire packet is received (this may
be determined by looking for the AAL5 end of frame indicator).
VP merge has the advantage that it is compatible with a higher
percentage of existing ATM switch implementations. This makes it more
likely that VP merge can be used in existing networks. Unlike VC
merge, VP merge does not incur any delays at the merge points and
also does not impose any buffer requirements. However, it has the
disadvantage that it requires coordination of the VCI space within
each VP. There are a number of ways that this can be accomplished.
Selection of one or more methods is for further study.
This tradeoff between compatibility with existing equipment versus
protocol complexity and scalability implies that it is desirable for
the MPLS protocol to support both VP merge and VC merge. In order to
do so each ATM switch participating in MPLS needs to know whether its
immediate ATM neighbors perform VP merge, VC merge, or no merge.
3.26.3.2. Interoperation: VC Merge, VP Merge, and Non-Merge
The interoperation of the various forms of merging over ATM is most
easily described by first describing the interoperation of VC merge
with non-merge.
In the case where VC merge and non-merge nodes are interconnected the
forwarding of cells is based in all cases on a VC (i.e., the
concatenation of the VPI and VCI). For each node, if an upstream
neighbor is doing VC merge then that upstream neighbor requires only
a single VPI/VCI for a particular stream (this is analogous to the
requirement for a single label in the case of operation over frame
media). If the upstream neighbor is not doing merge, then the
neighbor will require a single VPI/VCI per stream for itself, plus
enough VPI/VCIs to pass to its upstream neighbors. The number
required will be determined by allowing the upstream nodes to request
additional VPI/VCIs from their downstream neighbors (this is again
analogous to the method used with frame merge).
A similar method is possible to support nodes which perform VP merge.
In this case the VP merge node, rather than requesting a single
VPI/VCI or a number of VPI/VCIs from its downstream neighbor, instead
may request a single VP (identified by a VPI) but several VCIs within
the VP. Furthermore, suppose that a non-merge node is downstream
from two different VP merge nodes. This node may need to request one
VPI/VCI (for traffic originating from itself) plus two VPs (one for
each upstream node), each associated with a specified set of VCIs (as
requested from the upstream node).
In order to support all of VP merge, VC merge, and non-merge, it is
therefore necessary to allow upstream nodes to request a combination
of zero or more VC identifiers (consisting of a VPI/VCI), plus zero
or more VPs (identified by VPIs) each containing a specified number
of VCs (identified by a set of VCIs which are significant within a
VP). VP merge nodes would therefore request one VP, with a contained
VCI for traffic that it originates (if appropriate) plus a VCI for
each VC requested from above (regardless of whether or not the VC is
part of a containing VP). VC merge node would request only a single
VPI/VCI (since they can merge all upstream traffic into a single VC).
Non-merge nodes would pass on any requests that they get from above,
plus request a VPI/VCI for traffic that they originate (if
appropriate).
3.27. Tunnels and Hierarchy
Sometimes a router Ru takes explicit action to cause a particular
packet to be delivered to another router Rd, even though Ru and Rd
are not consecutive routers on the Hop-by-hop path for that packet,
and Rd is not the packet's ultimate destination. For example, this
may be done by encapsulating the packet inside a network layer packet
whose destination address is the address of Rd itself. This creates a
"tunnel" from Ru to Rd. We refer to any packet so handled as a
"Tunneled Packet".
3.27.1. Hop-by-Hop Routed Tunnel
If a Tunneled Packet follows the Hop-by-hop path from Ru to Rd, we
say that it is in an "Hop-by-Hop Routed Tunnel" whose "transmit
endpoint" is Ru and whose "receive endpoint" is Rd.
3.27.2. Explicitly Routed Tunnel
If a Tunneled Packet travels from Ru to Rd over a path other than the
Hop-by-hop path, we say that it is in an "Explicitly Routed Tunnel"
whose "transmit endpoint" is Ru and whose "receive endpoint" is Rd.
For example, we might send a packet through an Explicitly Routed
Tunnel by encapsulating it in a packet which is source routed.
3.27.3. LSP Tunnels
It is possible to implement a tunnel as a LSP, and use label
switching rather than network layer encapsulation to cause the packet
to travel through the tunnel. The tunnel would be a LSP <R1, ...,
Rn>, where R1 is the transmit endpoint of the tunnel, and Rn is the
receive endpoint of the tunnel. This is called a "LSP Tunnel".
The set of packets which are to be sent though the LSP tunnel
constitutes a FEC, and each LSR in the tunnel must assign a label to
that FEC (i.e., must assign a label to the tunnel). The criteria for
assigning a particular packet to an LSP tunnel is a local matter at
the tunnel's transmit endpoint. To put a packet into an LSP tunnel,
the transmit endpoint pushes a label for the tunnel onto the label
stack and sends the labeled packet to the next hop in the tunnel.
If it is not necessary for the tunnel's receive endpoint to be able
to determine which packets it receives through the tunnel, as
discussed earlier, the label stack may be popped at the penultimate
LSR in the tunnel.
A "Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnel" is a Tunnel that is implemented as
an hop-by-hop routed LSP between the transmit endpoint and the
receive endpoint.
An "Explicitly Routed LSP Tunnel" is a LSP Tunnel that is also an
Explicitly Routed LSP.
3.27.4. Hierarchy: LSP Tunnels within LSPs
Consider a LSP <R1, R2, R3, R4>. Let us suppose that R1 receives
unlabeled packet P, and pushes on its label stack the label to cause
it to follow this path, and that this is in fact the Hop-by-hop path.
However, let us further suppose that R2 and R3 are not directly
connected, but are "neighbors" by virtue of being the endpoints of an
LSP tunnel. So the actual sequence of LSRs traversed by P is <R1, R2,
R21, R22, R23, R3, R4>.
When P travels from R1 to R2, it will have a label stack of depth 1.
R2, switching on the label, determines that P must enter the tunnel.
R2 first replaces the Incoming label with a label that is meaningful
to R3. Then it pushes on a new label. This level 2 label has a value
which is meaningful to R21. Switching is done on the level 2 label by
R21, R22, R23. R23, which is the penultimate hop in the R2-R3 tunnel,
pops the label stack before forwarding the packet to R3. When R3 sees
packet P, P has only a level 1 label, having now exited the tunnel.
Since R3 is the penultimate hop in P's level 1 LSP, it pops the label
stack, and R4 receives P unlabeled.
The label stack mechanism allows LSP tunneling to nest to any depth.
3.27.5. Label Distribution Peering and Hierarchy
Suppose that packet P travels along a Level 1 LSP <R1, R2, R3, R4>,
and when going from R2 to R3 travels along a Level 2 LSP <R2, R21,
R22, R3>. From the perspective of the Level 2 LSP, R2's label
distribution peer is R21. From the perspective of the Level 1 LSP,
R2's label distribution peers are R1 and R3. One can have label
distribution peers at each layer of hierarchy. We will see in
sections 4.6 and 4.7 some ways to make use of this hierarchy. Note
that in this example, R2 and R21 must be IGP neighbors, but R2 and R3
need not be.
When two LSRs are IGP neighbors, we will refer to them as "local
label distribution peers". When two LSRs may be label distribution
peers, but are not IGP neighbors, we will refer to them as "remote
label distribution peers". In the above example, R2 and R21 are
local label distribution peers, but R2 and R3 are remote label
distribution peers.
The MPLS architecture supports two ways to distribute labels at
different layers of the hierarchy: Explicit Peering and Implicit
Peering.
One performs label distribution with one's local label distribution
peer by sending label distribution protocol messages which are
addressed to the peer. One can perform label distribution with one's
remote label distribution peers in one of two ways:
1. Explicit Peering
In explicit peering, one distributes labels to a peer by
sending label distribution protocol messages which are
addressed to the peer, exactly as one would do for local label
distribution peers. This technique is most useful when the
number of remote label distribution peers is small, or the
number of higher level label bindings is large, or the remote
label distribution peers are in distinct routing areas or
domains. Of course, one needs to know which labels to
distribute to which peers; this is addressed in section 4.1.2.
Examples of the use of explicit peering is found in sections
4.2.1 and 4.6.
2. Implicit Peering
In Implicit Peering, one does not send label distribution
protocol messages which are addressed to one's peer. Rather,
to distribute higher level labels to ones remote label
distribution peers, one encodes a higher level label as an
attribute of a lower level label, and then distributes the
lower level label, along with this attribute, to one's local
label distribution peers. The local label distribution peers
then propagate the information to their local label
distribution peers. This process continues till the information
reaches the remote peer.
This technique is most useful when the number of remote label
distribution peers is large. Implicit peering does not require
an n-square peering mesh to distribute labels to the remote
label distribution peers because the information is piggybacked
through the local label distribution peering. However,
implicit peering requires the intermediate nodes to store
information that they might not be directly interested in.
An example of the use of implicit peering is found in section
3.28. Label Distribution Protocol Transport
A label distribution protocol is used between nodes in an MPLS
network to establish and maintain the label bindings. In order for
MPLS to operate correctly, label distribution information needs to be
transmitted reliably, and the label distribution protocol messages
pertaining to a particular FEC need to be transmitted in sequence.
Flow control is also desirable, as is the capability to carry
multiple label messages in a single datagram.
One way to meet these goals is to use TCP as the underlying
transport, as is done in [MPLS-LDP] and [MPLS-BGP].
3.29. Why More than one Label Distribution Protocol?
This architecture does not establish hard and fast rules for choosing
which label distribution protocol to use in which circumstances.
However, it is possible to point out some of the considerations.
3.29.1. BGP and LDP
In many scenarios, it is desirable to bind labels to FECs which can
be identified with routes to address prefixes (see section 4.1). If
there is a standard, widely deployed routing algorithm which
distributes those routes, it can be argued that label distribution is
best achieved by piggybacking the label distribution on the
distribution of the routes themselves.
For example, BGP distributes such routes, and if a BGP speaker needs
to also distribute labels to its BGP peers, using BGP to do the label
distribution (see [MPLS-BGP]) has a number of advantages. In
particular, it permits BGP route reflectors to distribute labels,
thus providing a significant scalability advantage over using LDP to
distribute labels between BGP peers.
3.29.2. Labels for RSVP Flowspecs
When RSVP is used to set up resource reservations for particular
flows, it can be desirable to label the packets in those flows, so
that the RSVP filterspec does not need to be applied at each hop. It
can be argued that having RSVP distribute the labels as part of its
path/reservation setup process is the most efficient method of
distributing labels for this purpose.
3.29.3. Labels for Explicitly Routed LSPs
In some applications of MPLS, particularly those related to traffic
engineering, it is desirable to set up an explicitly routed path,
from ingress to egress. It is also desirable to apply resource
reservations along that path.
One can imagine two approaches to this:
- Start with an existing protocol that is used for setting up
resource reservations, and extend it to support explicit routing
and label distribution.
- Start with an existing protocol that is used for label
distribution, and extend it to support explicit routing and
resource reservations.
The first approach has given rise to the protocol specified in
[MPLS-RSVP-TUNNELS], the second to the approach specified in [MPLS-
CR-LDP].
3.30. Multicast
This section is for further study
4. Some Applications of MPLS
4.1. MPLS and Hop by Hop Routed Traffic
A number of uses of MPLS require that packets with a certain label be
forwarded along the same hop-by-hop routed path that would be used
for forwarding a packet with a specified address in its network layer
destination address field.
4.1.1. Labels for Address Prefixes
In general, router R determines the next hop for packet P by finding
the address prefix X in its routing table which is the longest match
for P's destination address. That is, the packets in a given FEC are
just those packets which match a given address prefix in R's routing
table. In this case, a FEC can be identified with an address prefix.
Note that a packet P may be assigned to FEC F, and FEC F may be
identified with address prefix X, even if P's destination address
does not match X.
4.1.2. Distributing Labels for Address Prefixes
4.1.2.1. Label Distribution Peers for an Address Prefix
LSRs R1 and R2 are considered to be label distribution peers for
address prefix X if and only if one of the following conditions
1. R1's route to X is a route which it learned about via a
particular instance of a particular IGP, and R2 is a neighbor
of R1 in that instance of that IGP
2. R1's route to X is a route which it learned about by some
instance of routing algorithm A1, and that route is
redistributed into an instance of routing algorithm A2, and R2
is a neighbor of R1 in that instance of A2
3. R1 is the receive endpoint of an LSP Tunnel that is within
another LSP, and R2 is a transmit endpoint of that tunnel, and
R1 and R2 are participants in a common instance of an IGP, and
are in the same IGP area (if the IGP in question has areas),
and R1's route to X was learned via that IGP instance, or is
redistributed by R1 into that IGP instance
4. R1's route to X is a route which it learned about via BGP, and
R2 is a BGP peer of R1
In general, these rules ensure that if the route to a particular
address prefix is distributed via an IGP, the label distribution
peers for that address prefix are the IGP neighbors. If the route to
a particular address prefix is distributed via BGP, the label
distribution peers for that address prefix are the BGP peers. In
other cases of LSP tunneling, the tunnel endpoints are label
4.1.2.2. Distributing Labels
In order to use MPLS for the forwarding of packets according to the
hop-by-hop route corresponding to any address prefix, each LSR MUST:
1. bind one or more labels to each address prefix that appears in
its routing table;
2. for each such address prefix X, use a label distribution
protocol to distribute the binding of a label to X to each of
its label distribution peers for X.
There is also one circumstance in which an LSR must distribute a
label binding for an address prefix, even if it is not the LSR which
bound that label to that address prefix:
3. If R1 uses BGP to distribute a route to X, naming some other
LSR R2 as the BGP Next Hop to X, and if R1 knows that R2 has
assigned label L to X, then R1 must distribute the binding
between L and X to any BGP peer to which it distributes that
These rules ensure that labels corresponding to address prefixes
which correspond to BGP routes are distributed to IGP neighbors if
and only if the BGP routes are distributed into the IGP. Otherwise,
the labels bound to BGP routes are distributed only to the other BGP
These rules are intended only to indicate which label bindings must
be distributed by a given LSR to which other LSRs.
4.1.3. Using the Hop by Hop path as the LSP
If the hop-by-hop path that packet P needs to follow is <R1, ...,
Rn>, then <R1, ..., Rn> can be an LSP as long as:
1. there is a single address prefix X, such that, for all i,
1<=i<n, X is the longest match in Ri's routing table for P's
destination address;
2. for all i, 1<i<n, Ri has assigned a label to X and distributed
that label to R[i-1].
Note that a packet's LSP can extend only until it encounters a router
whose forwarding tables have a longer best match address prefix for
the packet's destination address. At that point, the LSP must end and
the best match algorithm must be performed again.
Suppose, for example, that packet P, with destination address
10.2.153.178 needs to go from R1 to R2 to R3. Suppose also that R2
advertises address prefix 10.2/16 to R1, but R3 advertises
10.2.153/23, 10.2.154/23, and 10.2/16 to R2. That is, R2 is
advertising an "aggregated route" to R1. In this situation, packet P
can be label Switched until it reaches R2, but since R2 has performed
route aggregation, it must execute the best match algorithm to find
P's FEC.
4.1.4. LSP Egress and LSP Proxy Egress
An LSR R is considered to be an "LSP Egress" LSR for address prefix X
if and only if one of the following conditions holds:
1. R has an address Y, such that X is the address prefix in R's
routing table which is the longest match for Y, or
2. R contains in its routing tables one or more address prefixes Y
such that X is a proper initial substring of Y, but R's "LSP
previous hops" for X do not contain any such address prefixes
Y; that is, R is a "deaggregation point" for address prefix X.
An LSR R1 is considered to be an "LSP Proxy Egress" LSR for address
prefix X if and only if:
1. R1's next hop for X is R2, and R1 and R2 are not label
distribution peers with respect to X (perhaps because R2 does
not support MPLS), or
2. R1 has been configured to act as an LSP Proxy Egress for X
The definition of LSP allows for the LSP Egress to be a node which
does not support MPLS; in this case the penultimate node in the LSP
is the Proxy Egress.
4.1.5. The Implicit NULL Label
The Implicit NULL label is a label with special semantics which an
LSR can bind to an address prefix. If LSR Ru, by consulting its ILM,
sees that labeled packet P must be forwarded next to Rd, but that Rd
has distributed a binding of Implicit NULL to the corresponding
address prefix, then instead of replacing the value of the label on
top of the label stack, Ru pops the label stack, and then forwards
the resulting packet to Rd.
LSR Rd distributes a binding between Implicit NULL and an address
prefix X to LSR Ru if and only if:
1. the rules of Section 4.1.2 indicate that Rd distributes to Ru a
label binding for X, and
2. Rd knows that Ru can support the Implicit NULL label (i.e.,
that it can pop the label stack), and
3. Rd is an LSP Egress (not proxy egress) for X.
This causes the penultimate LSR on a LSP to pop the label stack. This
is quite appropriate; if the LSP Egress is an MPLS Egress for X, then
if the penultimate LSR does not pop the label stack, the LSP Egress
will need to look up the label, pop the label stack, and then look up
the next label (or look up the L3 address, if no more labels are
present). By having the penultimate LSR pop the label stack, the LSP
Egress is saved the work of having to look up two labels in order to
make its forwarding decision.
However, if the penultimate LSR is an ATM switch, it may not have the
capability to pop the label stack. Hence a binding of Implicit NULL
may be distributed only to LSRs which can support that function.
If the penultimate LSR in an LSP for address prefix X is an LSP Proxy
Egress, it acts just as if the LSP Egress had distributed a binding
of Implicit NULL for X.
4.1.6. Option: Egress-Targeted Label Assignment
There are situations in which an LSP Ingress, Ri, knows that packets
of several different FECs must all follow the same LSP, terminating
at, say, LSP Egress Re. In this case, proper routing can be achieved
by using a single label for all such FECs; it is not necessary to
have a distinct label for each FEC. If (and only if) the following
conditions hold:
1. the address of LSR Re is itself in the routing table as a "host
route", and
2. there is some way for Ri to determine that Re is the LSP egress
for all packets in a particular set of FECs
Then Ri may bind a single label to all FECS in the set. This is
known as "Egress-Targeted Label Assignment."
How can LSR Ri determine that an LSR Re is the LSP Egress for all
packets in a particular FEC? There are a number of possible ways:
- If the network is running a link state routing algorithm, and all
nodes in the area support MPLS, then the routing algorithm
provides Ri with enough information to determine the routers
through which packets in that FEC must leave the routing domain
or area.
- If the network is running BGP, Ri may be able to determine that
the packets in a particular FEC must leave the network via some
particular router which is the "BGP Next Hop" for that FEC.
- It is possible to use the label distribution protocol to pass
information about which address prefixes are "attached" to which
egress LSRs. This method has the advantage of not depending on
the presence of link state routing.
If egress-targeted label assignment is used, the number of labels
that need to be supported throughout the network may be greatly
reduced. This may be significant if one is using legacy switching
hardware to do MPLS, and the switching hardware can support only a
limited number of labels.
One possible approach would be to configure the network to use
egress-targeted label assignment by default, but to configure
particular LSRs to NOT use egress-targeted label assignment for one
or more of the address prefixes for which it is an LSP egress. We
impose the following rule:
- If a particular LSR is NOT an LSP Egress for some set of address
prefixes, then it should assign labels to the address prefixes in
the same way as is done by its LSP next hop for those address
prefixes. That is, suppose Rd is Ru's LSP next hop for address
prefixes X1 and X2. If Rd assigns the same label to X1 and X2,
Ru should as well. If Rd assigns different labels to X1 and X2,
then Ru should as well.
For example, suppose one wants to make egress-targeted label
assignment the default, but to assign distinct labels to those
address prefixes for which there are multiple possible LSP egresses
(i.e., for those address prefixes which are multi-homed.) One can
configure all LSRs to use egress-targeted label assignment, and then
configure a handful of LSRs to assign distinct labels to those
address prefixes which are multi-homed. For a particular multi-homed
address prefix X, one would only need to configure this in LSRs which
are either LSP Egresses or LSP Proxy Egresses for X.
It is important to note that if Ru and Rd are adjacent LSRs in an LSP
for X1 and X2, forwarding will still be done correctly if Ru assigns
distinct labels to X1 and X2 while Rd assigns just one label to the
both of them. This just means that R1 will map different incoming
labels to the same outgoing label, an ordinary occurrence.
Similarly, if Rd assigns distinct labels to X1 and X2, but Ru assigns
to them both the label corresponding to the address of their LSP
Egress or Proxy Egress, forwarding will still be done correctly. Ru
will just map the incoming label to the label which Rd has assigned
to the address of that LSP Egress.
4.2. MPLS and Explicitly Routed LSPs
There are a number of reasons why it may be desirable to use explicit
routing instead of hop by hop routing. For example, this allows
routes to be based on administrative policies, and allows the routes
that LSPs take to be carefully designed to allow traffic engineering
[MPLS-TRFENG].
4.2.1. Explicitly Routed LSP Tunnels
In some situations, the network administrators may desire to forward
certain classes of traffic along certain pre-specified paths, where
these paths differ from the Hop-by-hop path that the traffic would
ordinarily follow. This can be done in support of policy routing,
or in support of traffic engineering. The explicit route may be a
configured one, or it may be determined dynamically by some means,
e.g., by constraint-based routing.
MPLS allows this to be easily done by means of Explicitly Routed LSP
Tunnels. All that is needed is:
1. A means of selecting the packets that are to be sent into the
Explicitly Routed LSP Tunnel;
2. A means of setting up the Explicitly Routed LSP Tunnel;
3. A means of ensuring that packets sent into the Tunnel will not
loop from the receive endpoint back to the transmit endpoint.
If the transmit endpoint of the tunnel wishes to put a labeled packet
into the tunnel, it must first replace the label value at the top of
the stack with a label value that was distributed to it by the
tunnel's receive endpoint. Then it must push on the label which
corresponds to the tunnel itself, as distributed to it by the next
hop along the tunnel. To allow this, the tunnel endpoints should be
explicit label distribution peers. The label bindings they need to
exchange are of no interest to the LSRs along the tunnel.
4.3. Label Stacks and Implicit Peering
Suppose a particular LSR Re is an LSP proxy egress for 10 address
prefixes, and it reaches each address prefix through a distinct
One could assign a single label to all 10 address prefixes. Then Re
is an LSP egress for all 10 address prefixes. This ensures that
packets for all 10 address prefixes get delivered to Re. However, Re
would then have to look up the network layer address of each such
packet in order to choose the proper interface to send the packet on.
Alternatively, one could assign a distinct label to each interface.
Then Re is an LSP proxy egress for the 10 address prefixes. This
eliminates the need for Re to look up the network layer addresses in
order to forward the packets. However, it can result in the use of a
large number of labels.
An alternative would be to bind all 10 address prefixes to the same
level 1 label (which is also bound to the address of the LSR itself),
and then to bind each address prefix to a distinct level 2 label. The
level 2 label would be treated as an attribute of the level 1 label
binding, which we call the "Stack Attribute". We impose the
following rules:
- When LSR Ru initially labels a hitherto unlabeled packet, if the
longest match for the packet's destination address is X, and Ru's
LSP next hop for X is Rd, and Rd has distributed to Ru a binding
of label L1 to X, along with a stack attribute of L2, then
1. Ru must push L2 and then L1 onto the packet's label stack,
and then forward the packet to Rd;
2. When Ru distributes label bindings for X to its label
distribution peers, it must include L2 as the stack
3. Whenever the stack attribute changes (possibly as a result
of a change in Ru's LSP next hop for X), Ru must distribute
the new stack attribute.
Note that although the label value bound to X may be different at
each hop along the LSP, the stack attribute value is passed
unchanged, and is set by the LSP proxy egress.
Thus the LSP proxy egress for X becomes an "implicit peer" with each
other LSR in the routing area or domain. In this case, explicit
peering would be too unwieldy, because the number of peers would
become too large.
4.4. MPLS and Multi-Path Routing
If an LSR supports multiple routes for a particular stream, then it
may assign multiple labels to the stream, one for each route. Thus
the reception of a second label binding from a particular neighbor
for a particular address prefix should be taken as meaning that
either label can be used to represent that address prefix.
If multiple label bindings for a particular address prefix are
specified, they may have distinct attributes.
4.5. LSP Trees as Multipoint-to-Point Entities
Consider the case of packets P1 and P2, each of which has a
destination address whose longest match, throughout a particular
routing domain, is address prefix X. Suppose that the Hop-by-hop
path for P1 is <R1, R2, R3>, and the Hop-by-hop path for P2 is <R4,
R2, R3>. Let's suppose that R3 binds label L3 to X, and distributes
this binding to R2. R2 binds label L2 to X, and distributes this
binding to both R1 and R4. When R2 receives packet P1, its incoming
label will be L2. R2 will overwrite L2 with L3, and send P1 to R3.
When R2 receives packet P2, its incoming label will also be L2. R2
again overwrites L2 with L3, and send P2 on to R3.
Note then that when P1 and P2 are traveling from R2 to R3, they carry
the same label, and as far as MPLS is concerned, they cannot be
distinguished. Thus instead of talking about two distinct LSPs, <R1,
R2, R3> and <R4, R2, R3>, we might talk of a single "Multipoint-to-
Point LSP Tree", which we might denote as <{R1, R4}, R2, R3>.
This creates a difficulty when we attempt to use conventional ATM
switches as LSRs. Since conventional ATM switches do not support
multipoint-to-point connections, there must be procedures to ensure
that each LSP is realized as a point-to-point VC. However, if ATM
switches which do support multipoint-to-point VCs are in use, then
the LSPs can be most efficiently realized as multipoint-to-point VCs.
Alternatively, if the SVP Multipoint Encoding (section 3.25.2) can be
used, the LSPs can be realized as multipoint-to-point SVPs.
4.6. LSP Tunneling between BGP Border Routers
Consider the case of an Autonomous System, A, which carries transit
traffic between other Autonomous Systems. Autonomous System A will
have a number of BGP Border Routers, and a mesh of BGP connections
among them, over which BGP routes are distributed. In many such
cases, it is desirable to avoid distributing the BGP routes to
routers which are not BGP Border Routers. If this can be avoided,
the "route distribution load" on those routers is significantly
reduced. However, there must be some means of ensuring that the
transit traffic will be delivered from Border Router to Border Router
by the interior routers.
This can easily be done by means of LSP Tunnels. Suppose that BGP
routes are distributed only to BGP Border Routers, and not to the
interior routers that lie along the Hop-by-hop path from Border
Router to Border Router. LSP Tunnels can then be used as follows:
1. Each BGP Border Router distributes, to every other BGP Border
Router in the same Autonomous System, a label for each address
prefix that it distributes to that router via BGP.
2. The IGP for the Autonomous System maintains a host route for
each BGP Border Router. Each interior router distributes its
labels for these host routes to each of its IGP neighbors.
3. Suppose that:
a) BGP Border Router B1 receives an unlabeled packet P,
b) address prefix X in B1's routing table is the longest
match for the destination address of P,
c) the route to X is a BGP route,
d) the BGP Next Hop for X is B2,
e) B2 has bound label L1 to X, and has distributed this
binding to B1,
f) the IGP next hop for the address of B2 is I1,
g) the address of B2 is in B1's and I1's IGP routing tables
as a host route, and
h) I1 has bound label L2 to the address of B2, and
distributed this binding to B1.
Then before sending packet P to I1, B1 must create a label
stack for P, then push on label L1, and then push on label L2.
4. Suppose that BGP Border Router B1 receives a labeled Packet P,
where the label on the top of the label stack corresponds to an
address prefix, X, to which the route is a BGP route, and that
conditions 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e all hold. Then before sending
packet P to I1, B1 must replace the label at the top of the
label stack with L1, and then push on label L2.
With these procedures, a given packet P follows a level 1 LSP all of
whose members are BGP Border Routers, and between each pair of BGP
Border Routers in the level 1 LSP, it follows a level 2 LSP.
These procedures effectively create a Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnel
between the BGP Border Routers.
Since the BGP border routers are exchanging label bindings for
address prefixes that are not even known to the IGP routing, the BGP
routers should become explicit label distribution peers with each
It is sometimes possible to create Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnels
between two BGP Border Routers, even if they are not in the same
Autonomous System. Suppose, for example, that B1 and B2 are in AS 1.
Suppose that B3 is an EBGP neighbor of B2, and is in AS2. Finally,
suppose that B2 and B3 are on some network which is common to both
Autonomous Systems (a "Demilitarized Zone"). In this case, an LSP
tunnel can be set up directly between B1 and B3 as follows:
- B3 distributes routes to B2 (using EBGP), optionally assigning
labels to address prefixes;
- B2 redistributes those routes to B1 (using IBGP), indicating that
the BGP next hop for each such route is B3. If B3 has assigned
labels to address prefixes, B2 passes these labels along,
unchanged, to B1.
- The IGP of AS1 has a host route for B3.
4.7. Other Uses of Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnels
The use of Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnels is not restricted to tunnels
between BGP Next Hops. Any situation in which one might otherwise
have used an encapsulation tunnel is one in which it is appropriate
to use a Hop-by-Hop Routed LSP Tunnel. Instead of encapsulating the
packet with a new header whose destination address is the address of
the tunnel's receive endpoint, the label corresponding to the address
prefix which is the longest match for the address of the tunnel's
receive endpoint is pushed on the packet's label stack. The packet
which is sent into the tunnel may or may not already be labeled.
4.8. MPLS and Multicast
Multicast routing proceeds by constructing multicast trees. The tree
along which a particular multicast packet must get forwarded depends
in general on the packet's source address and its destination
address. Whenever a particular LSR is a node in a particular
multicast tree, it binds a label to that tree. It then distributes
that binding to its parent on the multicast tree. (If the node in
question is on a LAN, and has siblings on that LAN, it must also
distribute the binding to its siblings. This allows the parent to
use a single label value when multicasting to all children on the
LAN.)
When a multicast labeled packet arrives, the NHLFE corresponding to
the label indicates the set of output interfaces for that packet, as
well as the outgoing label. If the same label encoding technique is
used on all the outgoing interfaces, the very same packet can be sent
to all the children.
5. Label Distribution Procedures (Hop-by-Hop)
In this section, we consider only label bindings that are used for
traffic to be label switched along its hop-by-hop routed path. In
these cases, the label in question will correspond to an address
prefix in the routing table.
5.1. The Procedures for Advertising and Using labels
There are a number of different procedures that may be used to
distribute label bindings. Some are executed by the downstream LSR,
and some by the upstream LSR.
The downstream LSR must perform:
- The Distribution Procedure, and
- the Withdrawal Procedure.
The upstream LSR must perform:
- The Request Procedure, and
- the NotAvailable Procedure, and
- the Release Procedure, and
- the labelUse Procedure.
The MPLS architecture supports several variants of each procedure.
However, the MPLS architecture does not support all possible
combinations of all possible variants. The set of supported
combinations will be described in section 5.2, where the
interoperability between different combinations will also be
discussed.
5.1.1. Downstream LSR: Distribution Procedure
The Distribution Procedure is used by a downstream LSR to determine
when it should distribute a label binding for a particular address
prefix to its label distribution peers. The architecture supports
four different distribution procedures.
Irrespective of the particular procedure that is used, if a label
binding for a particular address prefix has been distributed by a
downstream LSR Rd to an upstream LSR Ru, and if at any time the
attributes (as defined above) of that binding change, then Rd must
inform Ru of the new attributes.
If an LSR is maintaining multiple routes to a particular address
prefix, it is a local matter as to whether that LSR binds multiple
labels to the address prefix (one per route), and hence distributes
multiple bindings.
5.1.1.1. PushUnconditional
Let Rd be an LSR. Suppose that:
1. X is an address prefix in Rd's routing table
2. Ru is a label distribution peer of Rd with respect to X
Whenever these conditions hold, Rd must bind a label to X and
distribute that binding to Ru. It is the responsibility of Rd to
keep track of the bindings which it has distributed to Ru, and to
make sure that Ru always has these bindings.
This procedure would be used by LSRs which are performing unsolicited
downstream label assignment in the Independent LSP Control Mode.
5.1.1.2. PushConditional
3. Rd is either an LSP Egress or an LSP Proxy Egress for X, or
Rd's L3 next hop for X is Rn, where Rn is distinct from Ru, and
Rn has bound a label to X and distributed that binding to Rd.
Then as soon as these conditions all hold, Rd should bind a label to
X and distribute that binding to Ru.
Whereas PushUnconditional causes the distribution of label bindings
for all address prefixes in the routing table, PushConditional causes
the distribution of label bindings only for those address prefixes
for which one has received label bindings from one's LSP next hop, or
for which one does not have an MPLS-capable L3 next hop.
downstream label assignment in the Ordered LSP Control Mode.
5.1.1.3. PulledUnconditional
3. Ru has explicitly requested that Rd bind a label to X and
distribute the binding to Ru
Then Rd should bind a label to X and distribute that binding to Ru.
Note that if X is not in Rd's routing table, or if Rd is not a label
distribution peer of Ru with respect to X, then Rd must inform Ru
that it cannot provide a binding at this time.
If Rd has already distributed a binding for address prefix X to Ru,
and it receives a new request from Ru for a binding for address
prefix X, it will bind a second label, and distribute the new binding
to Ru. The first label binding remains in effect.
This procedure would be used by LSRs performing downstream-on-demand
label distribution using the Independent LSP Control Mode.
5.1.1.4. PulledConditional
Rn has bound a label to X and distributed that binding to Rd
X and distribute that binding to Ru. Note that if X is not in Rd's
routing table and a binding for X is not obtainable via Rd's next hop
for X, or if Rd is not a label distribution peer of Ru with respect
to X, then Rd must inform Ru that it cannot provide a binding at this
However, if the only condition that fails to hold is that Rn has not
yet provided a label to Rd, then Rd must defer any response to Ru
until such time as it has receiving a binding from Rn.
If Rd has distributed a label binding for address prefix X to Ru, and
at some later time, any attribute of the label binding changes, then
Rd must redistribute the label binding to Ru, with the new attribute.
It must do this even though Ru does not issue a new Request.
This procedure would be used by LSRs that are performing downstream-
on-demand label allocation in the Ordered LSP Control Mode.
In section 5.2, we will discuss how to choose the particular
procedure to be used at any given time, and how to ensure
interoperability among LSRs that choose different procedures.
5.1.2. Upstream LSR: Request Procedure
The Request Procedure is used by the upstream LSR for an address
prefix to determine when to explicitly request that the downstream
LSR bind a label to that prefix and distribute the binding. There
are three possible procedures that can be used.
5.1.2.1. RequestNever
Never make a request. This is useful if the downstream LSR uses the
PushConditional procedure or the PushUnconditional procedure, but is
not useful if the downstream LSR uses the PulledUnconditional
procedure or the the PulledConditional procedures.
This procedure would be used by an LSR when unsolicited downstream
label distribution and Liberal Label Retention Mode are being used.
5.1.2.2. RequestWhenNeeded
Make a request whenever the L3 next hop to the address prefix
changes, or when a new address prefix is learned, and one doesn't
already have a label binding from that next hop for the given address
This procedure would be used by an LSR whenever Conservative Label
Retention Mode is being used.
5.1.2.3. RequestOnRequest
Issue a request whenever a request is received, in addition to
issuing a request when needed (as described in section 5.1.2.2). If
Ru is not capable of being an LSP ingress, it may issue a request
only when it receives a request from upstream.
If Rd receives such a request from Ru, for an address prefix for
which Rd has already distributed Ru a label, Rd shall assign a new
(distinct) label, bind it to X, and distribute that binding.
(Whether Rd can distribute this binding to Ru immediately or not
depends on the Distribution Procedure being used.)
This procedure would be used by an LSR which is doing downstream-on-
demand label distribution, but is not doing label merging, e.g., an
ATM-LSR which is not capable of VC merge.
5.1.3. Upstream LSR: NotAvailable Procedure
If Ru and Rd are respectively upstream and downstream label
distribution peers for address prefix X, and Rd is Ru's L3 next hop
for X, and Ru requests a binding for X from Rd, but Rd replies that
it cannot provide a binding at this time, because it has no next hop
for X, then the NotAvailable procedure determines how Ru responds.
There are two possible procedures governing Ru's behavior:
5.1.3.1. RequestRetry
Ru should issue the request again at a later time. That is, the
requester is responsible for trying again later to obtain the needed
binding. This procedure would be used when downstream-on-demand
label distribution is used.
5.1.3.2. RequestNoRetry
Ru should never reissue the request, instead assuming that Rd will
provide the binding automatically when it is available. This is
useful if Rd uses the PushUnconditional procedure or the
PushConditional procedure, i.e., if unsolicited downstream label
distribution is used.
Note that if Rd replies that it cannot provide a binding to Ru,
because of some error condition, rather than because Rd has no next
hop, the behavior of Ru will be governed by the error recovery
conditions of the label distribution protocol, rather than by the
NotAvailable procedure.
5.1.4. Upstream LSR: Release Procedure
Suppose that Rd is an LSR which has bound a label to address prefix
X, and has distributed that binding to LSR Ru. If Rd does not happen
to be Ru's L3 next hop for address prefix X, or has ceased to be Ru's
L3 next hop for address prefix X, then Ru will not be using the
label. The Release Procedure determines how Ru acts in this case.
5.1.4.1. ReleaseOnChange
Ru should release the binding, and inform Rd that it has done so.
This procedure would be used to implement Conservative Label
Retention Mode.
5.1.4.2. NoReleaseOnChange
Ru should maintain the binding, so that it can use it again
immediately if Rd later becomes Ru's L3 next hop for X. This
procedure would be used to implement Liberal Label Retention Mode.
5.1.5. Upstream LSR: labelUse Procedure
Suppose Ru is an LSR which has received label binding L for address
prefix X from LSR Rd, and Ru is upstream of Rd with respect to X, and
in fact Rd is Ru's L3 next hop for X.
Ru will make use of the binding if Rd is Ru's L3 next hop for X. If,
at the time the binding is received by Ru, Rd is NOT Ru's L3 next hop
for X, Ru does not make any use of the binding at that time. Ru may
however start using the binding at some later time, if Rd becomes
Ru's L3 next hop for X.
The labelUse Procedure determines just how Ru makes use of Rd's
binding.
There are two procedures which Ru may use:
5.1.5.1. UseImmediate
Ru may put the binding into use immediately. At any time when Ru has
a binding for X from Rd, and Rd is Ru's L3 next hop for X, Rd will
also be Ru's LSP next hop for X. This procedure is used when loop
detection is not in use.
5.1.5.2. UseIfLoopNotDetected
This procedure is the same as UseImmediate, unless Ru has detected a
loop in the LSP. If a loop has been detected, Ru will discontinue
the use of label L for forwarding packets to Rd.
This procedure is used when loop detection is in use.
This will continue until the next hop for X changes, or until the
loop is no longer detected.
5.1.6. Downstream LSR: Withdraw Procedure
In this case, there is only a single procedure.
When LSR Rd decides to break the binding between label L and address
prefix X, then this unbinding must be distributed to all LSRs to
which the binding was distributed.
It is required that the unbinding of L from X be distributed by Rd to
a LSR Ru before Rd distributes to Ru any new binding of L to any
other address prefix Y, where X != Y. If Ru were to learn of the new
binding of L to Y before it learned of the unbinding of L from X, and
if packets matching both X and Y were forwarded by Ru to Rd, then for
a period of time, Ru would label both packets matching X and packets
matching Y with label L.
The distribution and withdrawal of label bindings is done via a label
distribution protocol. All label distribution protocols require that
a label distribution adjacency be established between two label
distribution peers (except implicit peers). If LSR R1 has a label
distribution adjacency to LSR R2, and has received label bindings
from LSR R2 via that adjacency, then if adjacency is brought down by
either peer (whether as a result of failure or as a matter of normal
operation), all bindings received over that adjacency must be
considered to have been withdrawn.
As long as the relevant label distribution adjacency remains in
place, label bindings that are withdrawn must always be withdrawn
explicitly. If a second label is bound to an address prefix, the
result is not to implicitly withdraw the first label, but to bind
both labels; this is needed to support multi-path routing. If a
second address prefix is bound to a label, the result is not to
implicitly withdraw the binding of that label to the first address
prefix, but to use that label for both address prefixes.
5.2. MPLS Schemes: Supported Combinations of Procedures
Consider two LSRs, Ru and Rd, which are label distribution peers with
respect to some set of address prefixes, where Ru is the upstream
peer and Rd is the downstream peer.
The MPLS scheme which governs the interaction of Ru and Rd can be
described as a quintuple of procedures: <Distribution Procedure,
Request Procedure, NotAvailable Procedure, Release Procedure,
labelUse Procedure>. (Since there is only one Withdraw Procedure, it
need not be mentioned.) A "*" appearing in one of the positions is a
wild-card, meaning that any procedure in that category may be
present; an "N/A" appearing in a particular position indicates that
no procedure in that category is needed.
Only the MPLS schemes which are specified below are supported by the
MPLS Architecture. Other schemes may be added in the future, if a
need for them is shown.
5.2.1. Schemes for LSRs that Support Label Merging
If Ru and Rd are label distribution peers, and both support label
merging, one of the following schemes must be used:
1. <PushUnconditional, RequestNever, N/A, NoReleaseOnChange,
UseImmediate>
This is unsolicited downstream label distribution with
independent control, liberal label retention mode, and no loop
detection.
UseIfLoopNotDetected>
independent control, liberal label retention, and loop
3. <PushConditional, RequestWhenNeeded, RequestNoRetry,
ReleaseOnChange, *>
This is unsolicited downstream label distribution with ordered
control (from the egress) and conservative label retention
mode. Loop detection is optional.
4. <PushConditional, RequestNever, N/A, NoReleaseOnChange, *>
control (from the egress) and liberal label retention mode.
Loop detection is optional.
5. <PulledConditional, RequestWhenNeeded, RequestRetry,
This is downstream-on-demand label distribution with ordered
control (initiated by the ingress), conservative label
retention mode, and optional loop detection.
6. <PulledUnconditional, RequestWhenNeeded, N/A, ReleaseOnChange,
This is downstream-on-demand label distribution with
independent control and conservative label retention mode,
without loop detection.
independent control and conservative label retention mode, with
loop detection.
5.2.2. Schemes for LSRs that do not Support Label Merging
Suppose that R1, R2, R3, and R4 are ATM switches which do not support
label merging, but are being used as LSRs. Suppose further that the
L3 hop-by-hop path for address prefix X is <R1, R2, R3, R4>, and that
packets destined for X can enter the network at any of these LSRs.
Since there is no multipoint-to-point capability, the LSPs must be
realized as point-to-point VCs, which means that there needs to be
three such VCs for address prefix X: <R1, R2, R3, R4>, <R2, R3, R4>,
and <R3, R4>.
Therefore, if R1 and R2 are MPLS peers, and either is an LSR which is
implemented using conventional ATM switching hardware (i.e., no cell
interleave suppression), or is otherwise incapable of performing
label merging, the MPLS scheme in use between R1 and R2 must be one
of the following:
1. <PulledConditional, RequestOnRequest, RequestRetry,
The use of the RequestOnRequest procedure will cause R4 to
distribute three labels for X to R3; R3 will distribute 2
labels for X to R2, and R2 will distribute one label for X to
R1.
2. <PulledUnconditional, RequestOnRequest, N/A, ReleaseOnChange,
5.2.3. Interoperability Considerations
It is easy to see that certain quintuples do NOT yield viable MPLS
schemes. For example:
- <PulledUnconditional, RequestNever, *, *, *>
<PulledConditional, RequestNever, *, *, *>
In these MPLS schemes, the downstream LSR Rd distributes label
bindings to upstream LSR Ru only upon request from Ru, but Ru
never makes any such requests. Obviously, these schemes are not
viable, since they will not result in the proper distribution of
label bindings.
- <*, RequestNever, *, *, ReleaseOnChange>
In these MPLS schemes, Rd releases bindings when it isn't using
them, but it never asks for them again, even if it later has a
need for them. These schemes thus do not ensure that label
bindings get properly distributed.
In this section, we specify rules to prevent a pair of label
distribution peers from adopting procedures which lead to infeasible
MPLS Schemes. These rules require either the exchange of information
between label distribution peers during the initialization of the
label distribution adjacency, or apriori knowledge of the information
(obtained through a means outside the scope of this document).
1. Each must state whether it supports label merging.
2. If Rd does not support label merging, Rd must choose either the
PulledUnconditional procedure or the PulledConditional
procedure. If Rd chooses PulledConditional, Ru is forced to
use the RequestRetry procedure.
That is, if the downstream LSR does not support label merging,
its preferences take priority when the MPLS scheme is chosen.
3. If Ru does not support label merging, but Rd does, Ru must
choose either the RequestRetry or RequestNoRetry procedure.
This forces Rd to use the PulledConditional or
PulledUnConditional procedure respectively.
That is, if only one of the LSRs doesn't support label merging,
4. If both Ru and Rd both support label merging, then the choice
between liberal and conservative label retention mode belongs
to Ru. That is, Ru gets to choose either to use
RequestWhenNeeded/ReleaseOnChange (conservative) , or to use
RequestNever/NoReleaseOnChange (liberal). However, the choice
of "push" vs. "pull" and "conditional" vs. "unconditional"
belongs to Rd. If Ru chooses liberal label retention mode, Rd
can choose either PushUnconditional or PushConditional. If Ru
chooses conservative label retention mode, Rd can choose
PushConditional, PulledConditional, or PulledUnconditional.
These choices together determine the MPLS scheme in use.
Some routers may implement security procedures which depend on the
network layer header being in a fixed place relative to the data link
layer header. The MPLS generic encapsulation inserts a shim between
the data link layer header and the network layer header. This may
cause any such security procedures to fail.
An MPLS label has its meaning by virtue of an agreement between the
LSR that puts the label in the label stack (the "label writer") , and
the LSR that interprets that label (the "label reader"). If labeled
packets are accepted from untrusted sources, or if a particular
incoming label is accepted from an LSR to which that label has not
been distributed, then packets may be routed in an illegitimate
The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in
regard to some or all of the specification contained in this
document. For more information consult the online list of claimed
8. Authors' Addresses
Eric C. Rosen
250 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, MA, 01824
E-mail: erosen@cisco.com
101 Crawford Corner Rd., #4D-537
E-mail: arunv@dnrc.bell-labs.com
IronBridge Networks
55 Hayden Avenue,
Lexington, MA 02173
E-mail: rcallon@ironbridgenetworks.com
[MPLS-ATM] "MPLS using LDP and ATM VC Switching", Davie, Doolan,
Lawrence, McGloghrie, Rekhter, Rosen, Swallow, work in progress,
[MPLS-BGP] "Carrying Label Information in BGP-4", Rekhter, Rosen,
work in progress, February 1999.
[MPLS-CR-LDP] "Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP", Jamoussi,
editor, work in progress, March 1999.
[MPLS-FRMWRK] "A Framework for Multiprotocol Label Switching",
Callon, Doolan, Feldman, Fredette, Swallow, Viswanathan, work in
progress, November 1997
[MPLS-FRMRLY] "Use of Label Switching on Frame Relay Networks",
Conta, Doolan, Malis, work in progress, November 1998
[MPLS-LDP], "LDP Specification", Andersson, Doolan, Feldman,
Fredette, Thomas, work in progress, April 1999.
[MPLS-RSVP] "Use of Label Switching with RSVP", Davie, Rekhter,
Rosen, Viswanathan, Srinivasan, work in progress, March 1998.
[MPLS-RSVP-TUNNELS], "Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", Awduche,
Berger, Gan, Li, Swallow, Srinvasan, work in progress, March 1999.
[MPLS-SHIM] "MPLS Label Stack Encodings", Rosen, Rekhter, Tappan,
Farinacci, Fedorkow, Li, Conta, work in progress, April 1999.
[MPLS-TRFENG] "Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS",
Awduche, Malcolm, Agogbua, O'Dell, McManus, work in progress, August
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Share this Story: Soldier found dead was facing sex charges: Reports
Soldier found dead was facing sex charges: Reports
The latest Canadian soldier to die in an apparent suicide was reportedly facing sex charges.
The defence department confirmed late Wednesday the death of Warrant Officer Martin Mercier, who was based at the 5 Canadian Division Support Base in Gagetown, N.B. Police found Mercier's body on Monday at his off-base home in Fredericton, N.B., but the defence department was unable to specify the date and time of his death. The RCMP is investigating.
Mercier, who joined the Canadian Forces in 1985 and served in Somalia, Rwanda and Afghanistan, was arrested on Feb. 1, according to local reports.
News 919 radio in New Brunswick reports charges of sexual assault and sexual exploitation of a minor were pending against him.
The department didn't explicitly state Mercier's death was suicide.
The Canadian military has been rocked by recent suicides. It's believed this latest death is the ninth suicide of a soldier since November.
Soldier found dead was facing sex charges: Reports Back to video
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Tamborine Mountain school runs dry prompting calls for a 'water emergency' declaration
ABC Gold Coast
/ By Bern Young, Jennifer Huxley and Charmaine Kane
Posted ThuThursday 12 DecDecember 2019 at 1:01amThuThursday 12 DecDecember 2019 at 1:01am , updated ThuThursday 12 DecDecember 2019 at 3:19amThuThursday 12 DecDecember 2019 at 3:19am
Communities in the Gold Coast Hinterland were drought-declared in May. (ABC Gold Coast: Dominic Cansdale)
Members of a Gold Coast Hinterland community have called for the State Government to intervene and halt commercial water extraction as a school's bore runs dry.
Limited water supplies at Mount Tamborine State School's bore prompts quick conservation efforts
The Department of Education, in collaboration with QBuild, is transporting water to the school
A parents and community group says the school's situation is indicative of broader water problems facing the drought-declared community
Tamborine Mountain State School advised parents on Wednesday of limited water supplies in its bore, asking children to be sent to class with extra water bottles.
Toilets supplied with tank water remain operational and hand sanitiser is being provided, while the Department of Education is delivering tankerloads of water to the school for the remainder of the final week.
A Department spokesperson said "the school is operating as usual".
Tamborine Mountain is not connected to south-east Queensland's water grid and residents rely largely on bore and tank water supplies.
Parent pays $1,000 a year for water
Parent Hillel Weintraub said he boils his nine-year-old son's bottled water before sending him to the school every day.
"We've had four truckloads of water this year and the most we've ever had in 15 years is two," he said.
"It's a big difference."
Mr Weintraub said prices for trucking water to his property have been escalating as drought conditions dry up his tank.
"It started off at $140 a truckload, now it's $190, so that's almost $1,000 a year we pay for water," he said.
"I'm really happy to have rainwater and [we] drink rainwater rather than town water when it's coming, but it hasn't been raining."
'Declare a water emergency'
Craig Peters from protest group Save Our Water Tamborine Mountain said the school is "illustrative of the issues around the mountain".
"The water that we rely on from underneath the ground is drying up," he said.
Some Tamborine Mountain locals, as recent as this past weekend, have been protesting commercial water extraction. (Supplied: Sabine Bannard)
Companies such as Coca-Cola have been sourcing their bottled water from bore supplies in Mount Tamborine, causing tension in the drought-declared community.
Mr Peters said the Minister for Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Anthony Lynham, should "declare a water emergency" to allow for the suspension of commercial water extraction on Tamborine Mountain.
"Under the Water Act of 2000, which has been updated as of October 2019, we believe he has the power to essentially say there is a shortage of water that is threatening the wellbeing of people and the health of the people up here," he said.
"Ideally, we would like to see it end. For now, pause it at least until there's a break in this long-term drought."
"The Queensland Government could enact a law to essentially stop the bottling of underground water today."
Government 'does not have the power' to limit extraction
Natural Resources Minister Dr Anthony Lynham said his department did not have the power to limit commercial water extraction because groundwater in the area was not regulated.
"I do have the power to limit take in a declared water shortage — but that is everyone's take, including local farmers, households, and businesses," he said.
He said research from the Queensland University of Technology in 2011 suggested that less than 5 per cent of the average annual groundwater recharge was extracted.
"Of that 5 per cent, farmers use almost 84 per cent of the extracted groundwater for horticulture, households almost 11 per cent, and bottled water operations, about 5 per cent."
The ABC understands QUT is currently undertaking more research into groundwater trends.
Posted 12 DecDecember 2019ThuThursday 12 DecDecember 2019 at 1:01am , updated 12 DecDecember 2019ThuThursday 12 DecDecember 2019 at 3:19am
Gold Coast council considers recycled water at beach showers as drought worsens
New declarations mean the majority of Queensland is now officially in drought
Running dry: The Australian communities fighting the bottled water industry for groundwater
Mount Tamborine
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What does CEDARS stand for?
CEDARS stands for Colorado Eligibility Disbursement and Reporting System
See other definitions of CEDARS
We have 1 other meaning of CEDARS in our Acronym Attic
<a href="https://www.acronymfinder.com/Colorado-Eligibility-Disbursement-and-Reporting-System-(CEDARS).html">CEDARS</a>
MLA style: "CEDARS." Acronym Finder. 2021. AcronymFinder.com 16 Jan. 2021 https://www.acronymfinder.com/Colorado-Eligibility-Disbursement-and-Reporting-System-(CEDARS).html
Chicago style: Acronym Finder. S.v. "CEDARS." Retrieved January 16 2021 from https://www.acronymfinder.com/Colorado-Eligibility-Disbursement-and-Reporting-System-(CEDARS).html
APA style: CEDARS. (n.d.) Acronym Finder. (2021). Retrieved January 16 2021 from https://www.acronymfinder.com/Colorado-Eligibility-Disbursement-and-Reporting-System-(CEDARS).html
Computer Enhanced Digital Audio Restoration
Core Extraction Distributed Ad-Hoc Routing
County Emergency Dispatch and Response (California)
Coupling Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions
Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe
Centro de Derecho Ambiental y Recursos Naturales (Spanish: Center for Environmental Law and Natural Resources; Costa Rica)
Comprehensive Evaluation Diagnosis Assessment Referral and Re-evaluation
Center for Economic Development and Resource Stewardship (est. 2004)
Centre of Development and Resources for Students (University of Hong Kong)
Civic Education Data and Researcher Services (University of Maryland)
Common Education Data Analysis and Reporting System (North Carolina)
Curl Exemplars in Digital Archives
Coastal Engineering Design and Analysis System (software)
Connecticut Economic Development Association
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (est. 1982; UN)
Component Explosives Damage Assessment Workbook (reference for blast effects software modeling)
Convention to Eliminate Discrimination against Women (est. 1979; UN)
Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation (University of West Florida; Pensacola, FL)
Center of Excellence in Developmental Biology (Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden)
Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (political party)
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The Forklift of Love
Getting a sleepy teen with attention deficit out of bed calls for heavy machinery — and a lot of patience from the crew at home.
By Kristen Caven
Until we learned about attention deficit disorder (ADHD or ADD), it was always a mystery why our little guy couldn’t sleep. Even though Enzo, as a small child, was more than once called “The Thing That Would Not Sleep” by his exhausted-to-the-point-of-a-horror-movie parents, he was a blessedly solid sleeper once he was down. Yet, he surprised us all (as teenagers do) by growing up to be “The Thing that Would Not Move.”
Baby Enzo was better than an alarm clock. Even before he was born, I could never stay in bed past 6 AM. During his first decade, those bright little eyes would fly open at six…fricking.…AM. Even on weekends.
Later, when school days became a grind, he’d sleep in until seven. But on weekends, when there was so much more to look forward to, the son would still rise with the sun. “I’ve got a lot to do today,” he’d say when we stumbled into the Lego jungle.
We were so proud the summer before eighth grade, when he took up a new hobby: sleeping past nine! Oh, how we reveled in those luxurious summer mornings! It was like being newlyweds again!
Now that he’s pushing seventeen, the novelty of that has also worn off. On weekends we don’t see him until noon. And on school mornings, trying to get both that brain and body working takes nothing short of heroics.
Trying to wake up a teenager on a school day is not easy for anyone. Trying to wake one with ADHD is like trying to get a pig to fly, according to “Dave.” (“It’s a waste of time, and it annoys the pig.”)
His first alarm goes off at 6:15. It’s a song, or rather some electronic song clip, that he has chosen the night before, and it is set on repeat on the iPod that rests in the speaker on his headboard. At 6:30, his clock alarm starts beeping, and now there is a funky rhythmic jam going on in his room. At this point, his dad starts grumbling: “I could always get myself out of bed. This is nonsense.” (Dad has learned to go to work early to save his sanity.) A few minutes later, the radio goes off.
By 6:45, if Enzo has not crawled out to turn off the beeping yet, I go into his room and start shaking his loft bed. Sometimes it takes an earthquake. When he was little and we needed him to move, we’d just bring on “the forklift of love” and lift him out. That became an impossibility after he reached the hundred pound mark.
Half the time — and I swore I would never do this — I get angry. I start shrieking things like, “Oh, my God! It’s 7:30 already!” Or I get snotty. “Okay, I’m driving you to school without you.” But I hate to go this route. While others might respond to the stress in my normally calm voice with a shot of adrenaline, Enzo doesn’t seem to have been built with this response. For him, motivation must come from within. Nagging backfires. In the mornings, the higher-pitched my voice goes, the more he shuts down.
But what goes on in that brain? When I was younger, I remember having just as much trouble getting out of bed, especially after a night of brain-racing. There are stages you have to work through in that transition between the sleep state and the awake state, which, according to the experts from the sleep study Enzo participated in, are constantly at war for our time. “I am working things out,” he mumbles. He’s still achieving the mystical tasks his dream set out for him.
On a good day, he’s up to kiss his dad goodbye. He gets dressed quickly…and then lies down for a pre-breakfast nap.
Tags: guest blog, teen
How to Help a Child with Both ADHD and Mood Disorder
Are You Ready to Change? A Support Plan for Each Stage of ADHD Acceptance
Is My Child’s Distress Normal? Or Do We Need Help?
Why Is My Child So Angry and Defiant?
Safeguarding ADHD Youth Against Depression in a Pandemic
The ADHD Parenting Guide
Behavior & discipline, positive parenting, organization, happiness & more.
Why Children with ADHD Hate Bedtime: Solutions to ADHD Sleep Problems
Why does ADHD bring sleep problems? The ADHD brain is hypersensitive to external stimuli. This is...
ADHD in Teens: How Symptoms Manifest as Unique Challenges
ADHD brains develop differently than neurotypical brains. In the adolescent years, this may mean explain...
"Why is My Child So Angry and Aggressive?"
Beaten down by your child's defiant behavior? Wondering why she's always in a rage? It could be oppositional...
Q: My Teen Gets Too Distracted When Doing Homework on the Computer!
Q: How Can I Help My Teen Better Manage Screen Time?
Q: Why Does My Teen Blame Everyone But Himself?
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On Football: Playoff picture clears up -- and muddles, too
Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger (7) passes against the Indianapolis Colts during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Dec. 27, 2020, in Pittsburgh. (AP Photo/Don Wright)
By BARRY WILNER AP Pro Football Writer
If they’re singing anything in Kansas City, Pittsburgh and Seattle, it could be “I Can See Clearly Now.” All three took some big steps Sunday.
As for the appropriate song in the AFC South and NFC East, try “Purple Haze.” Or “Land Of Confusion.”
The postseason picture came into focus in some places and got more muddled elsewhere. The folks at NFL headquarters must love having such big-time quarterbacks as Patrick Mahomes, Ben Roethlisberger, Russell Wilson, Aaron Rodgers and Drew Brees already in the field. And they must be thrilled that at least 10 Week 17 matchups will have some playoff significance.
“Cherish these moments,” linebacker K.J. Wright, the longest-tenured Seahawks player, told teammates in the locker room after a 20-9 victory over the Rams. “It’s been a while since we’ve been NFC West champs. And this team, especially our brotherhood, our togetherness, brought us to this moment.”
At this moment, here’s how things stand — and what might be ahead on the first Sunday of 2021.
Buffalo (11-3), which takes on struggling New England on Monday night, owns the division crown and will get the No. 2 seed behind Kansas City by winning out.
Miami (10-5), with one of the most impressive two-season turnarounds in recent memory, gets a wild-card berth by winning at the Bills next weekend — a huge challenge. But the Dolphins have met lots of challenges this year.
“I think we have a special team,” Dolphins quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick said after engineering a last-minute drive to beat Las Vegas on Saturday night. “I think this team all year long has fought.”
Pittsburgh (12-3) broke a three-game slide with a monstrous second half to beat Indianapolis. That gave the Steelers the division title.
“It’s a fine line between drinking wine and squashing grapes and sometimes it was very subtle,” coach Mike Tomlin said.
The grapes are tasting pretty sweet for Baltimore and rancid for Cleveland.
The Ravens (10-5) won a fourth consecutive game, beating the Giants, and will head to the postseason with a victory over Cincinnati. The Browns, trying to end the NFL’s longest playoff absence — last appearance 2002 — were severely short-handed by COVID-19 issues and fell to the Jets. They’ll need to defeat the archrival Steelers, and wouldn’t Pittsburgh enjoy keeping that drought going?
Indianapolis’ collapse at Pittsburgh spiraled the Colts (10-5) out of a playoff spot. To get back in as a wild card, they must take care of inept Jacksonville (1-14, whose win was opening day against Indy) and have either Baltimore, Cleveland or Miami lose. Or if Tennessee (10-5 after a loss at Green Bay) loses at woeful Houston next Sunday and the Colts win, they get the division crown and the Titans likely will be out. Or not.
All Kansas City (14-1), despite a tight win over weak Atlanta on Sunday. The reigning league champions own the AFC’s only postseason bye.
“If you look at the history of that bye week, usually it’s a good thing for the teams trying to make a championship run,” Mahomes said. “But at the end of the day, we got to find a way to win a football game whenever we get there.”
All Seattle’s, and the Seahawks (11-4) have a shot at the conference bye.
With their loss at Seattle, the Rams (9-6) need a home victory against Arizona (8-7) to ensure a wild card. A loss would lift the Cardinals in and, if Chicago beats Green Bay, give the Bears a berth, too, sending LA packing.
All Green Bay’s, as will be the NFC bye with a win at Soldier Field next Sunday. The Packers (12-3) need to avoid a three-way tie with Seattle and New Orleans at 12-4, which would give the bye to the Saints.
Chicago has gone from 5-1 to 5-7 to 8-7. A victory and the Bears are playoffs-bound.
All settled, with New Orleans (11-4) on top and Tampa Bay, with that 43-year-old newcomer quarterback — a guy named Brady — guaranteed a wild card at 10-5.
All unsettled — except for Philadelphia (4-10-1), which saw its chances disappear by losing at Dallas (6-9). Pay attention for this one:
A Washington victory at Philly on Sunday night gives Ron Rivera’s team the division at 7-9 no matter what the Cowboys do at the Giants (5-10) in the afternoon. Washington swept Dallas this season.
However, an Eagles win then means whoever emerges from the Cowboys-Giants matchup at the Meadowlands — barring a tie — heads to the playoffs.
Yes, a team with a losing record will join the Super Bowl chase, and will host a playoff game on the second weekend of January.
Stefanik sticks with Trump, rebuffs calls for her resignation
State opens web portal, phone number for vaccine sign-ups for elderly, some essential workers
State of the State: Vaccinations, boosting economy top Cuomo 2021 agenda
Firefighters save Saranac Lake apartment house
Open letter to Elise Stefanik
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Arriving to Toronto is pretty easy. Below you have all the information necessary to arrive as well as how to get around town easiest way possible
Get a discount on your travel with UP Express!
Just visit UPexpress.com before July 16, 2019 and use promo code WSAVA2019 to get your 25% discount on adult return tickets (round-trip) from Pearson Station to Union Station (regular price $24.70* CAD). Tickets are valid for 1 year.
select “From Pearson To Union,”
select an adult return ticket for your round-trip
add to order then click the ‘Buy Now’ button and then Checkout to pay for the ticket at checkout…
apply the promo code WSAVA2019 during the purchase
UP Express connects Toronto Pearson International Airport to Union Station in the heart of downtown Toronto in just 25 stress-free minutes—less than half the time it often takes by car. Trains leave every 15 minutes with the first train departing Pearson Station at 05:27 and the last train departing at 00:57. There’s no easier or more convenient way to get to or from Toronto Pearson.
*Price subject to change.
Traveling By Air
Toronto is served by two airports that connect you around the globe.
Toronto Pearson International Airport is Canada’s principal airport with over 60 airlines operating from its grounds.
Operating airlines
Take the UP Express (Union-Pearson Express), a dedicated express rail service connecting Union Station and Toronto Pearson airport. Trains take 25 minutes and depart every 15 minutes between 4.55am and 1am daily. The fare is $12.35 for a one-way adult ticket.
Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (formerly Toronto City Centre Airport) is Toronto’s secondary, urban airport. It is located on Toronto Island, minutes from the downtown core with links to the city by a short ferry ride or pedestrian tunnel, and is served by both Porter Airlines and Air Canada. (in addition to its connections between Montreal and Toronto Pearson International airport).
Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA)
Canada has introduced a new entry requirement, the Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA). eTA is an entry requirement for visa-exempt foreign nationals travelling to Canada by air. Exceptions include U.S. citizens and travellers with a valid visa. Eligible travellers can apply online for an eTA.
As of March 15, 2016, this entry is mandatory and travellers will need an eTA before they can board a flight to Canada.
Traveling By Rail
VIA Rail and AMTRAK bring visitors into the heart of the city each day. Toronto’s Union Station is centrally located downtown and connects to the subway by underground tunnel.
Getting Around Toronto
Toronto has easy-to-navigate subways, buses and streetcars, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).
When using the TTC a single fare will take you anywhere in the city on a one-way trip. You can freely transfer between subways, streetcars and buses, but make sure you obtain a transfer when you pay your fare. On buses and streetcars, exact change is required.
GO Transit is Ontario’s inter-regional bus and train service. It links Toronto with outlying areas of the Greater Toronto and beyond. GO Trains and buses depart from Toronto’s Union Station at regular intervals throughout the day.
There are a number of different taxi companies in Toronto, including Co-Op Cabs and Diamond Taxicab.
Taxi fares are standard, metered and non-negotiable
The driver should start the meter at the beginning of your ride and stop it when you reach your destination
If your service was acceptable, a 10 to 15% tip is customary
Ride services Uber and Lyft are available in the city too.
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The Sound of Things
4 Aug — 28 Oct 2017 at the Houston Center for Contemporary Craft in Houston, United States
The Sound of Things. Courtesy of Houston Center for Contemporary Craft
Opening this summer at Houston Center for Contemporary Craft (HCCC), The Sound of Things, featuring the work of artists Bohyun Yoon and Alyce Santoro, conceptualizes sound and its laden potential within objects and craft materials. The exhibition prompts visitors to ask: What does glass sound like? What does a sonic weaving look like? Yoon and Santoro have mined the history of their respective materials—glass and woven audio tape—to engage with these questions and make tangible what was once unperceivable.
Bohyun Yoon’s work explores sound as well as imperceptible modes of communication and social structures. The artist combines his medium of glass and its properties of vibration resonance, refraction, and transparency with accompanying video performances to make the invisible visible. His Glassorganism series takes the form of Japanese popen. These historical, hand-blown glass noisemakers are characterized by a hollow stem and bowl, connected by a thin glass membrane, which moves between convex and concave states when activated by human breath. After seeing this object depicted in an 18th-century woodblock print by Utamaro Kitagawa, Yoon began conceptualizing the sound it would emit and, after an experimental process of making, ultimately found that the form had potential as an instrument of both sound and light refraction.
The sonic potential of glass objects is expressed and explored in other series by the artist as well. Composed of varying blown-glass tubes with onomatopoeic names, each piece in Yoon’s Glass Tube emits a singular sound when warm air is blown through it, releasing ephemeral tones unique to each object. Harnessing the properties of historic “singing glasses,” Yoon’s Glass Helmets series offers water-filled helmets functioning as both musical instruments and prosthetic devices that amplify communication and social connection. The helmets’ spouts allow multiple wearers to change the water levels, thereby altering the tones produced.
Like glass, weaving has a longstanding connection to the aural realm: drafting a weaving pattern is similar to composing music on a staff, and the process of weaving itself has a rhythmic, tonal quality. Alyce Santoro has amplified this connection in her work, developing a woven textile that is literally imbued with recorded music, in a series of works entitled Sonic Fabric. Weaving audio-cassette tape began experimentally for the artist and musician. After a number of trials and collaborative efforts, she found that weaving the tape on a loom resulted in a glinting textile that was both highly durable and retained its magnetic properties, thereby holding sonic potential. In order to “play” her weavings, Santoro developed tape-head-reader gloves, which emit sounds from the tapes as they are run across the surface. She also developed a visual musical score for the textiles by converting light wavelengths to sound wavelengths. Each band of color on the weaving corresponds with a musical note and can be read visually as well as played with the gloves. She uses audio sourced from diverse cultures and time periods as well as records her own audio in the field, allowing for site-specific weavings.
HCCC Curatorial Fellow Sarah Darro commented, “The works in this exhibition expand the realm of the gallery-viewing context by incorporating conceptual sound. We invite visitors to experience the artwork with all of their senses by listening to Alyce Santoro’s weavings and viewing the sonic potential in Bohyun Yoon’s ethereal glass pieces.”
Houston Center for Contemporary Craft
Houston Center for Contemporary Craft (HCCC) is a nonprofit arts organization founded to advance education about the process, product and history of craft. HCCC’s major emphasis is on objects of art made primarily from craft materials: clay, fiber, glass, metal, wood or found/recycled materials.
Association profile
More from Houston Center for Contemporary Craft
After Memphis: Crafted Postmodern
13 Oct 2018 — 13 Jan 2019
CraftTexas 2018
29 Sep 2018 — 6 Jan 2019
Rooted, Revived, Reinvented
2 Jun — 2 Sep 2018
21 Apr — 14 Jul 2018
More in Houston, United States
Contemplation Room & Library of Love
8 Oct 2017 — 11 Dec 2021 at Contemporary Arts Museum
Outdoor Sculpture at the Menil
Permanent event at Menil
Permanent event at Lone Star Flight Museum
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Denise Brandenberg: Dallas Local Expert
Don't leave Dallas without trying a frozen margarita (the frozen margarita machine was invented here in 1971).
More About Denise
Ilene Jacobs: Dallas Local Expert
Dallas has an amazing skyline and the best way to see it is 470-feet up in Reunion Tower's GeO-Deck.
More About Ilene
Explore Dallas
Knox-Henderson
Nestled between Uptown, Lower Greenville Avenue and the town of Highland Park, lies the trendy Knox-Henderson neighborhood, a pedestrian-friendly area named for the two...
More about Knox-Henderson >
Dallas Airport Guide
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
Dallas Travel Guide
Celebrate the 12 Days of Christmas at the Dallas Arboretum
Don't miss this gorgeous Victorian holiday display
November 24, 2015 // By Denise Brandenberg
By Denise Brandenberg
Dallas Local Expert November 24, 2015
Tired of the shopping mall and want to find a cool Christmas attraction where you can take the kids? Dallasites and visitors alike flock to the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Gardens in December for the annual 12 Days of Christmas exhibit! This seasonal event shines and is excellent for anyone who loves the holidays.
A few of the seven swans — Photo courtesy of Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden
The centerpiece of the exhibit is a bevy of elaborate 25-foot Victorian gazebos filled to the brim with charming costumed characters and whimsical animals made famous by the beloved Christmas carol.
Each gazebo is enclosed in glass and beautifully decorated on all sides to give visitors an exciting, three-dimensional experience. Along with the exquisite decor, the gazebos also feature mechanical parts and festive music that bring the characters to life!
This annual exhibit is open day and night, and visitors can wander the less-than-a-mile walkway through the garden to enjoy the gazebos. The Arboretum even offers a fun 12 Days of Christmas search game that's fun for kids.
Both adult guests and children can partake in a special holiday tea, as well as live entertainment, a live reindeer, holiday demonstrations and additional holiday refreshments during the daytime hours. On Saturdays and Sundays, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman will be there between noon and 4 pm.
During the evening hours, the Arboretum remains open for special extended hours for The 12 Days at Night exhibit, and it's really a magical sight to see. With the addition of 500,000 lights throughout the garden, trimming the historic homes and lighting the canopies overhead, 2015 is a year that should not be missed! There's even a 30-foot-tall tree at the center of the garden, perfect for gazing upon while sipping hot chocolate.
One of the 12 days of Christmas displays at night — Photo courtesy of Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden
Another special Christmas addition to the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Gardens is the Artistry of the Nativity, which features 300 crèches from around the world.
In addition to the Ray Harrington collection, which the Arboretum owns, the George Dvorsky collection has returned. Visitors can see this exhibit at the DeGolyer House, which is open daily from 10 am to 4 pm with guided tours.
On Wednesday evenings during the holiday season, the Nativity exhibit is open from 6 pm to 8 pm. The Restaurant DeGolyer will also be open for reservation-only dinners from 6 pm to 8 pm on Wednesday evenings. Guests can enjoy an elegant dinner and tour The Artistry of the Nativity. The three-course meal is $52 per person, excluding alcohol.
Don't miss this festive Dallas Christmas attraction! It's open through January 3, 2016.
A first-timer's guide to dazzling Dallas, Texas
About Denise Brandenberg
Denise loves taking her family to this attraction every year.
Read more about Denise Brandenberg here.
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Explore Miami
City Guide: Miami Pride 2020
The LGBTQIA+ community in Miami has come together to create a series of virtual events and to support the local queer-owned businesses for Pride 2020.
(©Alexander Demyanenko/Shutterstock)
Physical Pride marches and parades were canceled in Miami this year due to public health concerns over the spread of the coronavirus. This is especially unfortunate since this year is the 50th anniversary of the first Pride March which took place one year after the Stonewall riots in New York City. Just because the marches are canceled does not mean that Pride is canceled. The LGBTQIA+ community in Miami has come together to create a series of virtual events and to support the local queer-owned businesses.
Virtual Pride and Beyond
Virtual Pride Happy Hours
The South Florida Pride Collective is revamping its approach to Pride this year. Every Friday in June, the Collective is hosting virtual happy hours. At 5 p.m. the queer community and beyond can enjoy performances from high-profile musical guests like Cascada or local favorites such as the South Florida Wind Ensemble. There’s a full line up of conversations and performances by drag queens including Tiffany Fantasia and Miss Coco Peru. The virtual events are free, but any donations will go to local COVID-19 relief funds.
Pride in December
Instead of going virtual or canceling outright, Wilton Manors (one of the trendiest gay neighborhoods in Miami) is postponing their pride celebration until winter. On December 6th, Stonewall Pride Parade and Street Festival will hit the streets. There will be decorated floats that have been encouraged to light up the night with lasers and twinkle lights. Over 25 local restaurants, bars, and art museums are expected to participate. Prospective spectators can join walking groups and march in the parade or sit back and enjoy the robotic, rollerblade dance troupes that glide down the streets. The street market is expected to be in operation and well stocked with merch, goodies, and ways to donate to charitable organizations.
Miami Beach Pride Updates
Miami Beach Pride usually takes place well ahead of Pride month. This year, the festival was supposed to take place in late March, but COVID-19 had other plans. At this time, the organizers have not decided if they’re postponing, canceling outright, or moving to virtual mediums. Those interested in updates are encouraged to visit their website for the latest updates which they’ve assured the public are coming soon.
(Courtesy Finka Table and Tap)
Queer Dining Options
Finka Table and Tap
Eileen Andrade cut her teeth in the hospitality business working with her parents and running a food truck with her brother. Now, she’s the chef/owner of 2 Latin fusion restaurants in Miami. Finka Table and Tap cooks up a blend of Peruvian, Korean, and Cuban fusion in a homey space. Korean staples like Bibimbap have been restyled with Cuban flavors. Lomo saltado (a filling, Peruvian favorite) has been converted into fried rice. The combinations are lawless, exciting, and sure to satisfy.
Bubble and Pearls
Chef Josie Smith-Malave spent years cooking in New York City before becoming a contestant on season 2 of Top Chef in L.A. She has since returned to her hometown of Miami and opened Bubble and Pearls which is now open for dine-in reservations and takeout (outdoor seating is available). They’re committed to using the freshest ingredients which is most evident in their daily, rotating raw bar selections. Patrons can sip champagne while enjoying an array of small plates including bone marrow, steamed buns, or flatbread. There are a few larger entree selections as well such as roasted chicken and New Zealand lamb chops. Be sure to save room for the key lime pie, which is the chef’s favorite dessert.
(@outplaybrand/Instagram)
LGBTQ Businesses
Outplay
Outplay is a gender-neutral clothing company based in Miami. Although there isn’t a storefront yet, all of their clothing is available online. With a full line of sportswear and swimwear for every shape and size, they’re proving that the queer community doesn’t have to conform but can wear what makes them comfortable. “We believe in being comfortable with not only the skin you live in but in the clothes that speak to the world about who you are.” Currently, they have 2 additional specialty clothing lines. Their specialty Pride line features fun tops and bottoms in bright, festive colors. The mesh line is available in the company colors of black and blue.
Pride Factory
What started as a small corner shop in 1996 has grown into a sprawling men’s fashion boutique. Gay-owned Pride Factory specializes in menswear, swimwear, and, for the first time, facemasks. Accessories throughout the store range from trendy staples like sunglasses and hats to novelty items like the Golden Girls-themed hand fan.
Top Things to Do in Miami
Show Your Pride
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WICE Online
WICE Online - Talks
Online Courses and Groups
Donate to WICE
WICE Forum Guidelines
Creative Writing & Literature
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Living in France: Food & Cooking
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ABOUT WICE IN PARIS
ho w to begin writing it?
Learn from master teacher and writer John Jacobsen in his first-ever screenwriting workshop offered in Paris. He will take you through the fundamentals of screenwriting—structure, character, dialogue, theme, etc.--using film clips and samples. There will be time for you to share your ideas with the group as well as work them through individually with the teacher. By the end of the week you will have a good idea of how to build an outline and develop a screenplay. Time permitting, John also will discuss the screenplay in the marketplace including agents, readers, submissions procedures, and marketability.
Students can range from beginners to professionals, from those with just an idea to those with developed screenplays. In addition to a welcome drinks party following student check-in on Sunday, and a farewell dinner (additional cost TBD) on Friday, optional film-related activities will be planned for two afternoons during the session.
Register soon; class size is limited to 12 people.
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From FIBIwiki
including the former British North Borneo and Sarawak.
Also see the Fibiwiki pages Straits Settlements and Malacca and Penang (Prince of Wales Island).
2 Military Operations
3 Civil Service
4.2 Historical books online
4.2.1 Fiction
See General Register Office, UK. Also includes information about records such as British Consular Returns, including online sources. Includes details of a findmypast database "British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms". Note that within this database is a group of records "Sarawak Baptisms, 1844-1925" which are transcriptions provided by UK Genealogy Archives. There is however no further information about the source of these records.
National Registration Department, Ministry of Home Affairs [Malaysia] is responsible for birth , marriage and death registration. The page Corporate Information/History advises “Birth and death records kept by the National Registration Department since nearly 150 years ago continue to be preserved to this day.” The email address appears to be [email protected]
There has been some registration since 1859[1]. Marriage registration has been in place in Malaysia since the late 1800s[2].
It seems likely that records may be divided according to the current states and federal terrorities, so you would probably need to know geographical location.
Birth, marriage and death notices may have been published in Singapore newspapers. See Singapore - Newspapers for details of free online Singapore newspapers.
Birth, marriage and death notices may have been published in other publications, such as The Directory & Chronicle for China etc or The London and China Telegraph, refer Historical books online below.
MyRepositori, website of the National Library of Malaysia, see Historical books online below, includes some historical Malaysian newspapers in English, although titles and dates are unclear, but include The Malay Mail and the Sunday Mail 1940s and 1950s. There is a Search which includes a Full Text Search, but you must select this option.
BACSA have published the following books, which are available at the British Library as noted:
Ipoh and Taiping: War Graves and Graves of Europeans in the Cemeteries in Ipoh and Taiping, Perak, Malaysia by Justin Corfield, 2000. 108pp, 27 illustrations and plan. UIN: BLL01009531255
Kota Bharu (Malaysia): European Graves in the Jalan Hamzah Cemetery by Justin Corfield, 1999. 24pp, 23 illustrations and plan. UIN: BLL01009531507
Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia): St Mary's Cathedral and the Jalan Birch Cemetery by Justin Corfield, 2000. 24pp, 5 illustrations. UIN: BLL01009531254
Christian Cemeteries and Memorials in the State of Malacca by Alan Harfield ; Dutch translations by José Parrett. 2002 revised edition 214 p, previously published 1979 and 1984. 1979 title includes and Rasak New Village. UIN: BLL01007448800 (2002); (UIN: BLL01010549113 1979; UIN: BLL01007448766 1984).
Christian Cemeteries of Penang & Perak by Alan Harfield 1987. 195 p. UIN: BLL01011842779
Penang Western Road Cemetery : graves of Europeans in the Protestant Section by Justin Corfield. Variant Title: Penang, Malaysia : graves of Europeans in the Protestant Section of Western Road Cemetery c 1999. 77 p with map. UIN: BLL01009531508
Seremban, Malaysia: Graves in St Mark's Churchyard, and the Anglican Section of the Seremban Cemetery by E Beavington and Justin Corfield, 2000. 56pp, 11 illustrations. UIN: BLL01009531270
Teluk Anson (Malaysia): European Graves in the Jalan Anderson Cemetery by Justin Corfield, 2000. 20pp, 14 illustrations and plan. UIN: BLL01009531506
Some cemetery books are still available, see BACSA Books and select Cemetery Record Books.
BACSA have put indexes to the majority of their cemetery books online and these indexes are free to browse. If an indexed name is of interest then application can be made to BACSA for details of the relevant burial inscription - charges apply for this service.
Epitaph : the Northam Road Protestant Cemetery, George Town, Penang by Marcus Langdon. [2017] Publication Details: Penang, Malaysia : George Town World Heritage, [2017] “Includes bibliographical references". UIN: BLL01018374502 .
Taiping, Malaysia : Commonwealth war graves cemetery. Publication Details: [Stockport] : [Lane], [1995] On cover: This register is a memorium dedicated to those men who were killed in the defence of Malaya or who died as prisoners of the Japanese during the Second World War. UIN: BLL01008833921
Names and particulars of Australians killed in action in Borneo or who died while prisoners of war, or, who died while P.O.W. on the Sandakan Death March's and who are buried in the Labuan War Cemetery, North Borneo, Malaysia compiled by James McClelland Research 1991. UIN: BLL01007227307
British & Indian Armies in the East Indies (1685-1935) by Alan Harfield 1984 is available at the British Library, UIN: BLL01012672115 . History of British and Indian Armies in Sumatra, Java, Sarawak, Malaya and Singapore from 1685-1935. Includes names of officers and men buried in these areas. Also includes name lists of persons in some military units which served in these areas.
See Malacca and Dutch for records for researching those with Dutch ancestry.
Civil Service Lists are very useful if you are researching a government employee, but some may only contain more senior employees.
Some Colonial Office Lists are available online, refer Historical books online below.
Details of Government of Malaya Lists are set out in Government Lists page 30 Bibliography of Malaya (Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library). The best collection of these Lists available in the UK appears to be at Cambridge University Library which holds, according to its catalogue,
Straits Settlements Civil Service List 1883-1884, 1888, 1890, 1893, 1896-1917, 1920-1921
Federated Malay States Civil Service List 1904-1905, 1908-1916, 1918-1919
The Malayan Civil List 1921-1940
The British Library also holds some editions, as does SOAS Library, University of London.
There are Colonial Office files at the National Archives Kew relating to British Malaya. There is a finding aid, a published book (in thirteen volumes) Index to British Colonial Office files pertaining to British Malaya : 1838-1955 compiled by Paul H Kratoska 1990, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01006673270 (English language edition) (12 v. in 13).
Perak War
For an account of the varied duties of a Civil Servant from the 1920s, see The Memoirs of a Malayan Official by Victor Purcell, 1965. Available online, refer Historical books online, below.
National Archives of Malaysia
National Registration Department, Ministry of Home Affairs, Malaysia
Malaysia Genealogy FamilySearch Wiki
The Malayan Volunteer Forces by Rosemary Fell. cofepow.org.uk, now an archived webpage. Refers to A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, 1854-1937 : being also an historical outline of volunteering in Malaya by T.M. Winsley 1938. Available online in a Limited preview, and also in a reprint edition, which in turn is available to read online on the pay website fold3, refer below.
Singapore And Malaya Volunteer Corps Medals 10 March 2013 from “Singapore Volunteer Corps, Straits Settlements Volunteer Force, Malaya Volunteer Forces”
Malayan Volunteers Group Includes categories such as History; Volunteer Forces Summary, with links to Armoured Cars, Malayan Volunteer Air Force; Evacuees; Sumatra; Stories etc.
"The Malay States Guides in action at Hatum, Aden, 12th January 1916" by Harry Fecitt from Harry’s Sideshows kaiserscross.com. This regiment belonged to the Sultans of the Federated Malay States and was similar to an Indian Imperial Service unit.
"Nand Singh and Jangnamah Europe: Subaltern insights on the wars of Empire" by Raman Singh Chhina. lse.ac.uk. Havildar Nand Singh was a Sergeant in the Malay State Guides and also an Indian poet who wrote using a genre of Punjabi historical poetic writing. He composed the Janganamah Europe giving an empirical account of the First World War. On September 26 1915 the regiment left Taiping to join the Aden Field Force.
History of Special Operations Forces in Malaysia by Shamsul Afkar bin Abd Rahman. June 2013 Thesis, Master of Science in Defence Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Includes chapters on WW2. Archive.org
Sejarah Melayu: A History of the Malay Peninsula includes a Digital Library and Gallery, including historical maps (mostly pre 1800) sabrizain.org
Has Somerset Maugham promoted Malaysia more than Shahrukh Khan? by Oscar the Grouch. The short stories by W. Somerset Maugham set in Malaysia and Borneo, written during the 1920s and 1930s, were typically concerned with the lives of the British imperial colonist. Includes details of a murder in 1911 in Malaya on which one of the stories is thought to be based.
A list of the short stories by W. Somerset Maugham set in Malaysia and Borneo www.maleisie.be, now an archived webpage.
See Historical books online, below.
“Obsession, isolation and the colonies” July 16, 2012 moncurdg.com. Retrieved 30 August 2014
States and federal territories of Malaysia Wikipedia
Kedah Alternative name Quedah, it was visited by trading ships in the time of the East India Company. “In the hope that Great Britain would protect what remained of Kedah from Siam, the sultan handed over Penang and then Province Wellesley (Seberang Perai) to the British at the end of the 18th century. The Siamese nevertheless conquered Kedah in 1811, and it remained under Siamese control until transferred to the British by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909”.
Perak was visited by trading ships in the time of the East India Company. There was a British Resident from 1874. The capital is Ipoh.
Terengganu Wikipedia. Alternative name Tringaney. Terengganu's location by the South China Sea ensured that it was on trade routes from ancient times , and it was visited by trading ships in the time of the East India Company. The terms of the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 saw power over Terengganu transferred from Siam to Great Britain. A British advisor was appointed to the sultan in 1919, and Terengganu become one of the Unfederated Malay States.
St. Mary's Cathedral, Kuala Lumpur, an Anglican Church consecrated 1895. Photograph by DBHKer 2008. Flickr.com. Originally called Church of St Mary the Virgin. History: The Anglican Church of St. Mary the virgin, now an archived webpage.
The Anglican [Church of England] Diocese: West Malaysia The Bishop of West Malaysia is also Archbishop of South East Asia, who is located at Kuala Lumpur. anglicancommunion.org
Diocese of West Malaysia anglicanwestmalaysia.org.my
A Brief History of the Diocese of West Malaysia
Anglican Diocese of Kuching diocesekuching.org. The Bishop is at Kuching, Sarawak.
150 Years of The Anglican Church In Borneo (1848 – 1998)
Anglican Diocese of Sabah. anglicansabah.org. The Bishop is at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
"The Presbyterian Church in Malaysia" by John Roxborogh, from Christianity in Malaysia. A Denominational History, edited by Robert Hunt, Lee Kam Hing and John Roxborogh, Petaling Jaya, Pelanduk, 1992, pages 75-106.
Rich built heritage of 100-year-old St Andrew’s Presbyterian Church Kuala Lumpur star2.com. Includes photographs. St Andrew's Presbyterian Church Kuala Lumpur. St Andrew's was historically known as the ‘Planters Church’ or the ‘Scottish Kirk’ as the planters of Selangor were mostly of Scottish stock. Includes a photograph
"A Penang Kaddish: The Jewish Cemetery In Georgetown. A case study of the Jewish Diaspora in Penang (1830s-1970s)" by Raimy Ché-Ross 2002. ttc.edu.sg, now an archived webpage. The Penang Story-International Conference 18-21 April 2002. Includes some transcriptions from tombstones.
"The Plantation Rubber Industry in Malaya up to 1922" by J. H. Drabble Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 40, No. 1 (211) (July, 1967), pp. 52-77. jstor.org. Register and read for free.
"Planters, Estate Health & Malaria in British Malaya (1900–1940)" by Liew Kai Khiun Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 83, Part 1, June 2010, No. 298, pp. 91-115 academia.edu
"Mad Ridley and the rubber boom" by Dr Loh Wei Leng and Khor Jin KeonG 2011. malaysiahistory.net. The history of rubber in Malaya.
Video: A Rubber Plantation in Malaya, 1911 / La Cultivation du Caoutchouc en Malaisie, 1911 You Tube video.
Video: Henrietta Estate Album. Album of photographs of a Rubber Estate in 1920's / 1930's Malaya. You Tube video.
"Tobacco in Sabah" by Danny Wong Tze-Ken 2011. malaysiahistory.net. The industry commenced 1883, and was the main export from Sabah until 1914. However, estates shifted to rubber crops, which became the main crop in the State.
Bibliography of travel accounts: Malay Peninsula and additional Secondary sources Cornell University Library.
Food Culture in Colonial Asia: A Taste of Empire by Cecilia Y. Leong-Salobir, University of Wollongong 2011. Mainly in respect of India, but also includes Malaysia and Singapore.
"Spreading the word: using cookbooks and colonial memoirs to examine the foodways of British Colonials in Asia, 1850-1900" by Cecilia Y. Leong-Salobir, University of Wollongong. From The Routledge History of Food 2015 (pp. 131-155)
"Malayan Cookery Books: The "Mem’s" Own Cookery Book" by Bonnie Tan, Senior Librarian at the National Library of Singapore. Originally in BiblioAsia, 7 (3), 30–34. 2011. academia.edu
For those in North America and some other countries, this cookery book by Mrs Kinsey, first published 1920, is available online at Hathi Trust Digital Library
"A Colonial Cookbook" by Irene Lim. BiblioAsia Volume 11 Issue 4 January-March 2016. National Library of Singapore. The “Mem’s” Own Cookery Book
"The Mrs Beeton of British Malaya who pioneered fusion cuisine" by Rosie Milne and Elizabeth Roberts 10 March 2016 The Telegraph
"Review of the YWCA International Cookery Book of Malaya(1932-1964)" by Bonnie Tan, Senior Librarian at the National Library of Singapore. academia.edu
"Mrs Beeton in Malaya" by Janice Loo. BiblioAsia Volume 9 Issue. 3 October-December 2013. ywca.org.sg
"A taste of the past: Uncovering food histories through Malayan newspapers" by Bonnie Tan, Senior Librarian at the National Library of Singapore. academia.edu
The Dutch East India Company and the Straits of Malacca, 1700-1784 : trade and politics in the eighteenth century by Dianne Lewis 1970 PhD Thesis Australian National University. Link to a download ANU.
Official website of the Malaysian Dutch Descendants Project, now archived, includes History of the Dutch and Dutch-Eurasians in Malaysia, now archived. A history has been published.[3]
"A brief history of Eurasians in Sarawak" by James Alexander Ritchie 3 January 2019. newsarawaktribune.com.my
1929 Motoring Map of Malaya Pages can be rotated if required. National Library of Malaysia.
Also see some Maps in Historical books online, below.
Historical books online
Bibliography of Malaya, being a classified list of books wholly or partly in English relating to the Federation of Malaya and Singapore by H R Cheeseman 1959. Archive.org Lending Library. Includes a WW2 Bibliography.
National Library of Malaysia, currently (11 Oct. 2020) appears to have two digital websites, what perhaps may be termed an older, and a newer. It is unclear whether eventually all the content will migrate to the newer website, but currently there is content on the old website which goes not appear on the new.
Repositori Digital older website. A number of the English language books are in the category Koleksi Peribadi.
MyRepositori Newer website. Many of the English books appear in Collections: Khazanah Warisan Negara/Malaysiana/Koleksi Khas/ Koleksi Nadir and Koleksi Peribadi. There are also some online English language newspapers in the collection Surat Khabar.
For both websites, book files are available as pdfs. It does not appear possible to browse the English language books as a distinct category. For some books the “date of issue” appears to be the digitization date, rather than the date of publication. ASEAN Digital Library contains some content from the National Library of Malaysia, and can be searched by language.
Some downloads of books are sample pages only, or even title page only, but this may not be apparent from the catalogue entry. This appears to be a frequent situation for books, although articles appear to be fully available.
Books available from NLM include (and others are listed later):
Notes from the Sarawak Gazette 1909-1915 by J C Moulton. Older website. Also available on the newer website. This appears to be a new entry, not transfer from the older website. Unclear whether these are sample pages, or the whole file.
Note some editions of the Sarawak Gazette are online from 1907, see below.
Malaya and Singapore Survey Directory of Churches and Missions in the Federation and Colony by V A Chelliah, No date in catalogue but c 1948. Older website.
Articles from Malaya in History including
"Kelantan During World War 1" by W E Pepys. An article from Malaya in History July 1960.
The Last of The Creepers: Memoirs of A Malayan Rubber Planter 1907-1917 by C R Harrison, 1961. This is an article from Malaya in History, Volume 7, No 1, September 1961. A Creeper is variously described as described as a very new junior assistant,[4] a novice assistant[5] or an assistant planter.[6]
Untapped Historical Source: Rest House Register Books by Robin W Winks. Article from Malaya in History April 1964. All older website.
Note this website in the past was often unavailable, and possibly may only be available during office hours, Monday to Friday: 8.00 am - 5.00 pm (local time), being GMT 00.00 to 9.00am
[Digital] Sejarah Melayu Library (abrizain.org) has an extensive collection of English language historical books to download as pdfs, with some to also read as text. Click on the titles for further details of the author and year published. If you prefer to read original images, look at the text version (if available), as for some books, it may be apparent they are available on websites such as Archive.org or Google Books. Books available include
An extensive collection of Journals of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (SBRAS) which became the Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS). Click on individual journal issues, and the contents will be shown. These do not seem to be complete issues, but selected articles.
Digitised books on “History, Culture & Heritage“ from National University of Singapore. Note however, some of the books listed are in fact not viewable.
Straits Settlements Blue Book for the year… broken range from 1873 to 1914. Archive.org. Very informative publications.
For 1873, Contents; Civil Establishments , commencing with an Index page 177, Singapore page 187, Penang page 209, Malacca page 223.
Other editions of the Blue Books of Statistics are available at the National Archives, Kew record series CO 277 1867-1939, part of "Records of Local Bodies and Other Colonial Miscellanea" commencing with CO 277/1 for 1867.
The Colonial Office List for ... Includes a section on each country, and the Colonial Office List at the end of each volume. Google Books, HathiTrust Digital Library and Archive.org.
1862: First publication; 1867, 1877; 1878; 1879; 1880, Google Books, 1880, HT with rotatable pages; 1881; 1889; 1901; 1902; 1903; 1904; HathiTrust Digital Library editions to 1925 viewable in restricted areas such as North America: A and B
In addition, Colonial Office List, 1863 and Colonial Office List, 1870 are available in the findmypast (pay website) dataset "Britain, Directories & Almanacs" located in Newspapers, Directories & Social History/Directories & Almanacs.
FamilySearch has a catalogue entry for a series of microfiches of the Colonial Office List, (produced by Chadwyck-Healey, 1987), currently (2019/06) available at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, with however the potential to be digitised in the next few years, and perhaps be more widely available, or at least searchable. The same microfiche series may also be available at some other libraries, or to a very limited extent at some other FamilySearch Centres.
Colonial Office List (to 1925) and the later title The Dominions Office and Colonial Office List are available at the British Library UIN: BLL01002841625 and UIN: BLL01007173533
A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, 1854-1937 : being also an historical outline of volunteering in Malaya by T.M. Winsley 1938. A Limited preview of this book, including small copies of photographs is available online. eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Also available in a reprint edition,[7] which in turn is available online on the pay website fold3, owned by Ancestry, as A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps.
The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 : describing his experiences in Arabia, India, and the Malay Archipelago edited by William Foster. Printed for the Hakluyt Society . Second Series, Volume XVI. 1905 Archive.org. The author was in the service of the East India Company.
The Burney Papers. Cover the period 1825 to 1849. See Thailand.
The Eastern Seas, or Voyages and adventures in the Indian Archipelago, in 1832, 33, 34 ... also an account of the present state of Singapore, etc. by George Windsor Earl 1837 Google Books
"On the Ipoh or Upas Poison Used by the Jacoons and Other Aboriginal Tribes of the Malay Peninsula" by Lieut. T J Newbold, page 427 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Volume 127. 1837 Archive.org. The poison was administered by a blow-pipe.
Travels in south-eastern Asia: embracing Hindustan, Malaya, Siam, and China with notices of numerous missionary stations and a full account of the Burman Empire by Howard Malcom
Volume I,Volume II 2nd edition, 1839 (2 Volumes in 1) Google Books. Tenth American edition [with deletions] c 1855 Archive.org
Six months among the Malays, and a year in China by Dr Yvan, Physician to the scientific mission sent by France to China, 1855 Archive.org. The book appears to be translations of extracts from the book De France en Chine by Melchior Yvan 1855 Archive.org. This expedition departed France December 1843.
Letters from Sarawak : addressed to a child. Embracing the manners, customs and religion of the inhabitants of Borneo… by Mrs McDougall. Fourth Thousand. 1854 Archive.org
Sketches of our life at Sarawak by Harriette McDougall [1882?] Archive.org. Incorporates (some of/all?) the previous book.
Rajah Brooke and Baroness Burdett Coutts : consisting of the letters from Sir James Brooke, first white Rajah of Sarawak to Miss Angela (afterwards Baroness) Burdett Coutts edited...by Owen Rutter. 1935 Archive.org . The letters are dated from 1858 to 1868. James Brooke Wikipedia. He ruled as the first White Rajah of Sarawak from 1841 until his death in 1868.
Our Tropical Possessions in Malayan India: Being a Descriptive Account of Singapore, Penang, Province Wellesley, and Malacca: Their Peoples, Products, Commerce and Government by John Cameron. 1865 Google Books. Reprint edition 1965 with an Introduction by Wang Gungwu. Archive.org Lending Library.
The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Published at Singapore Volumes 1-9 1847-1855; New Series Volumes 1-4 1856-59/63.
Volume III, 1849, Volume IV 1850, 1862 Volume IV, New Series 1862 Google Books
Reprint editions Hathi Trust Digital Library A and B for all years of publication
Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1878-1922. Multiple volumes: Archive.org. Restricted access Hathi Trust Digital Library may be available to viewers in North America and some other countries A, B and C, including index volumes.
Index To All The Journals Nos.1-86 Of The Straits Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society Vol.5 Pt.4 1927 Archive.org.
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Editions from Volume I 1923 to Vol. XXII 1949, including
A History of Malaya by R.O. Winstedt. Published as Part I, Volume XIII March 1935.
The China Sea Directory by the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, London.
The China Sea Directory Volume I. Containing directions for the approaches to the China Sea and to Singapore, by the straits of Sunda, Banka, Gaspar, Carimata, Rhio, Varella, Durian, and Singapore by J. W. Reed , R N and J. W. King, R N. 1867 Google Books. 3rd edition 1886 Archive.org.
The China Sea Directory Volume II. Containing directions for the navigation of the China Sea, between Singapore and Hong Kong by J. W. Reed , R N and J. W. King, R N. 1868. British Library Digital Collection.
A directory for the navigation of the Indian Archipelago, China, and Japan, from the straits of Malacca and Sunda, and the passages east of Java. To Canton, Shanghai, the Yellow Sea, and Japan, with descriptions of the winds, monsoons, and currents, and general instructions for the various channels, harbours, etc by Alexander George Findlay 2nd edition 1878 Archive.org
Malacca Strait Pilot : comprising strait and its northern approaches, Singapore Strait, and the West Coast of Sumatra 1946 Pdf download, Repositori Digital, National Library of Malaysia, older website.
Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China; or Ten Years Travels, Adventures and Residence Abroad by J Thomson 1875 Archive.org
A Narrative of Travel and Sport in Burmah, Siam and the Malay Peninsula by John Bradley 1876 Archive.org
British Intervention in Malaya, 1867-1877 by C. Northcote Parkinson 1964. Archive.org Lending Library.
The Golden Chersonese and the way thither by Isabella L Bird 1883 Archive.org. The map which is mentioned on the title page has either not been filmed , or may not have appeared in this edition, but is available at Map: digital.library.upenn part of its digital book version
The Chersonese with the Gilding Off by Emily Innes 1885. Volume I, Volume II Archive.org. The author’s husband was Collector and Magistrate at Langat, in the Malay Native States. Golden Chersonese (Khersonese) meaning the Golden Peninsula, was the name used for the Malay Peninsula in classical antiquity.
Two Years in the Jungle : the Experiences of a Hunter and Naturalist in India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula and Borneo by William T Hornaday, Chief Taxidermist, US National Museum 1885 Archive.org.
Play and Politics: Recollections of Malaya by an Old Resident (Attributed to William Henry McLeod Read) 1901 Archive.org. William Henry Macleod Read Wikipedia. The author was in Singapore 1841-1887.
To Siam and Malaya in the Duke of Sutherland's Yacht 'Sans Peur' by Florence Caddy 1889 Archive.org.
Précis of information concerning the Straits Settlements and the Native States of the Malay Peninsula. Prepared in the Intelligence Division, Horse Guards, War Office, etc. 1891. With a Map of Town of Singapore (which can be rotated). British Library Digital Collection.
About Ceylon and Borneo : being an account of two visits to Ceylon, one to Borneo, and how we fell out on our homeward journey by Walter J Clutterbuck 1891 with Map of British North Borneo Archive.org. Also available British Library Digital Collection with rotatable images.
The British North Borneo Herald. Monthly Record. Vol. X, no. 8 1st August 1892 Archive.org
About Perak by Frank Athelstane Swettenham 1893 Archive.org
Malay Sketches by Sir Frank Althelstane Swettenham 5th edition 1921. First published 1895 Archive.org
British Malaya; an account of the origin and progress of British influence in Malaya by Sir Frank Swettenham, late Governor of the Straits Colony 1907 Archive.org, with a 1906 Map of the Malay Peninsula
A Descriptive Dictionary of British Malaya by N B Dennys 1894 Archive.org
A Trip across the Malay Peninsula with H.E. the Governor [Sir C. B. H. Mitchell] ... Reprinted from the "Singapore Free Press" by Major H E McCallum (Henry Edward) 1894. British Library Digital Collection.
"Malay Materia Medica" by H N Ridley pages 122- 138, Journal of the Straits Medical Association No 5 April 1893-December 1894. Followed by, in the same digital file, "Malay Plant Names". From elsewhere this was by H N Ridley from Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society July 1897, pages 31-284. Ridley elsewhere was stated to be Director of Gardens and Forests at Singapore. Archive.org.
Through the Buffer State : a record of recent travels through Borneo, Siam and Cambodia by Surgeon-Major John MacGregor, Indian Medical Service. 1896 Archive.org.
Five Years in Siam, from 1891 to 1896 by H Warington Smyth, formerly Director of the Department of Mines in Siam. 1898. With Maps and Illustrations by the author. Also includes the Malay Peninsula. Volume I Archive.org. Volume I, Volume II HathiTrust Digital Library. Volume I with General Index Map; Volume II with with Map of the Malay Peninsula (rotatable). British Library Digital Collection.
Camping And Tramping In Malaya: Fifteen years' Pioneering in the Native States of the Malay Peninsula by Ambrose B Rathborne 1898 Archive.org.
From the Himalayas to the Equator; letters, sketches. and addresses, giving some account of a tour in India and Malaysia by Cyrus D Foss , one of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 1899 Archive.org. With images. FamilySearch Digital book, where the images have been [correctly] rotated. May be slow to load.
All About Rubber and Gutta-Percha : the Indiarubber Planter's Manual with the latest Statistics and Information by J Ferguson Colombo A.M. & J. Ferguson 1899 Archive.org
India Rubber, Gutta-Percha, and Balata: occurrence, geographical distribution, and cultivation of rubber plants; manner of obtaining and preparing the raw material, modes of working and utilizing them, and statistics of commerce by William T Brannt 1900 Archive.org
"The Rival of "Para" Rubber in the East" page 219 The India Rubber World April 1, 1903 Archive.org
"Rubber Planting in Ceylon and the Malay States" page 225 The India Rubber World April 1, 1904 Archive.org.
European Settlements in the Far East; China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, etc by DWS [catalogued as D Warres Smith] 1900 Archive.org. The author appears to have been the publisher of/associated with the annual publication Directory and Chronicle for China, Japan…, see further below for online editions.
Malay Magic : being an introduction to the folklore and popular religion of the Malay Peninsula by Walter William Skeat of the Civil Service of the Federated Malay States. 1900 Archive.org
Nineteenth-century Malaya : the origins of British political control by C D Cowan 1961. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
Siam in the Malay Peninsula: a short account of the position of Siam in the states of Kelantan, Patani, Legeh and Siam by R D Davies 1902 Archive.org
Further India: being the story of exploration from the earliest times in Burma, Malaya, Siam and Indo-China by Hugh Clifford 1904 with Orographical Map and Political Map of Farther India and Index Archive.org
The Far Eastern Tropics, Studies in the Administration of Tropical Dependencies: Hong Kong, British North Borneo, Sarawak, Burma, the Federated Malay States, the Straits Settlements, French Indo-China, Java, the Phillipine Islands by Alleyne Ireland 1905 Archive.org
Historical tombstones of Malacca, mostly of Portuguese origin, with the inscriptions in detail and illustrated by numerous photographs by Robert Norman Bland 1905 Archive.org
Elephant & Seladang Hunting in the Federated Malay States By Theodore R Hubback 1905 Archive.org
Three Months in Pahang in Search of Big Game : A Reminiscence of Malaya by Theodore R Hubback 1912 Archive.org
Malay Tin-fields; mining position broadly reviewed by Ralph S. G Stokes 1906 Archive.org Reprinted from the Straits Times
"Gutta-Percha Trees of the Malay Peninsula" by J S Gamble, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Bulletin of Miscellaneoue Information No 4 1907. Archive.org
The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet; being a new and revised edition of 'The Great and Small Game of India, Burma, and Tibet' by R Lydekker 1907 Archive.org
In Malay Forests by George Maxwell 1907 Archive.org. 2nd edition 1911 Archive.org.
Sarawak Gazette Broken range of editions from 1907 to 1993. First published 26 August 1870. Sarawak State Library. pustaka-sarawak.com.
Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources by Arnold Wright 1908 Archive.org
Kelantan a State of the Malay Peninsula; a handbook of information by Walter Armstrong Graham 1908 Archive.org with Map of Kelantan
My Tour in Eastern Rubber Lands by Herbert Wright 1908 Archive.org Ceylon, Malaya, Java, Sumatra
Rubber-Planter's Notebook by Frank Braham 1911. Pdf download KrishiKosh, Institutional Repository of Indian National Agricultural Research System. Full title: The Rubber Planter's Notebook : a handy book of reference on Para rubber planting with hints on the maintenance of health in the tropics and other general information of utility to the rubber planter : specially designed for use in the field. Review, page 242 Nature December 21, 1911 Archive.org.
The Far East revisited; essays on political, commercial, social, and general conditions in Malaya, China, Korea and Japan by A. Gorton Angier 1908 Archive.org
Through the Malay Archipelago by Emily Richings 1909 Archive.org
The Malay Peninsula : a Record of British Progress in the Middle East by Arnold Wright and Thomas H Reid 1912 with a 1912 Map of the Malay Peninsula Archive.org
Bibliotheca Indosinica: Dictionnaire bibliographique des ouvrages relatifs à la péninsule indochinoise [Biblioteca Indosinica: Bibliographic dictionary of books on the Indochinese Peninsula] by Henri Cordier 1912 Archive.org. "Péninsule Malaise", Volume II [Malay Peninsula]. Includes English publications. Contents; Index of authors; Alphabetical Index for all volumes
Also see above for the 1959 Bibliography by H R Cheeseman.
Federated Malay States Railways : pamphlet of information for travellers : tours in the Malay Peninsula 1914 Archive.org. Includes
Map of Penang
Map of Taiping area, showing Estates
Map of Ipoh area showing Estates
Map of Town of Kuala Lumpur
Map of Malacca Town
Map of Singapore Town
Map of the Malay Peninsula
An illustrated guide to the Federated Malay States edited by Cuthbert Woodville Harrison, Malayan Civil Service. 3rd edition 1920. Archive.org. Missing the Map. 1923 edition Pdf download, National Library of Malaysia, older website. Probably sample pages only.
Malaysia and Indo-China : Information for Visitors to British Malaya, Dutch-Indies (Java, Bali, Sumatra etc.) Siam, French Indo-China. Published by Thos. Cook & Son, Singapore 1926. Pdf download, National Library of Malaysia, older website. Probably sample pages only.
Rural sanitation in the tropics : being notes and observations in the Malay Archipelago, Panama and other lands by Sir Malcolm Watson 1915 Archive.org. There are two chapters on Malaya relating to malaria.
Lauterbach of the China Sea : the Escapes and Adventures of a Seagoing Falstaff by Lowell Thomas, 1930 Archive.org. During WW1 Julius Lauterbach was navigator on the German SMS Emden and subsequently was a prisoner in Singapore at Tangling prison camp page 95, and helped ferment dissatisfaction which led to the 1915 Singapore Mutiny, during which he escaped and fled, initially to Sumatra.
Malay Peninsula Page 263 Incidents in the life of a mining engineer by E T McCarthy 2nd edition 1919, first published 1918 Archive.org.
Federated Malay States from page 159 c 1900? and British North Borneo, page 378 Further incidents in the life of a mining engineer by E T McCarthy 1920 Archive.org.
Tapioca and its many uses : a rice substitute for Malaya by Leopold Es Chasseriau, 1919. Archive.org. A reprint from the Pinang Gazette
In Rubber Lands : an account of the work of the church in Malaya by C E Ferguson-Davie, 1921 Archive.org
Trapping Wild Animals in Malay Jungles by Charles Mayer 1921 Archive.org
Where the strange trails go down; Sulu, Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Java, Sumatra, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Cambodia, Annam, Cochin-China by E Alexander Powell 1921 Archive.org
British North Borneo : an Account of its History, Resources, and Native Tribes by Owen Rutter 1922 Archive.org
The Origins of British Borneo by Leigh R. Wright 1970. FamilySearch Digital Library. Requires signing in to FamilySearch to view the text.
Netherlands East Indies and British Malaya: a Commercial and Industrial Handbook by John A Fowler [USA] Trade Commissioner 1923 Archive.org
From Golden Gate to Golden Sun: a record of travel, sport and observation in Siam and Malaya by Hermann Norden 1923. Link to a pdf, DSpace, National Library of India.
Tide Marks, Being Some Records of a Journey to the Beaches of the Moluccas and the Forest of Malaya in 1923 by H. M. Tomlinson 1924 Archive.org
Malay Poisons and Charm Cures by John D Gimlette, Residency Surgeon of Kelantan, 2nd revised edition 1923, first edition 1915. Archive.org.
The Medical Book Of Malayan Medicine originally translated circa 1886 in Penang, edited by J D Gimlette and I H Burkill 1930. Published in The Gardens' Bulletin Straits Settlements October 1930 [Singapore: Botanic Gardens] Archive.org.
A Dictionary of Malayan Medicine by John D. Gimlette ; edited and completed by H. W. Thomson ; with a foreword by Malcolm Watson. 1939. MyRepositori, National Library of Malaysia.
The Empire at War edited for the Royal Colonial Institute by Sir Charles Lucas, in five volumes, with a catalogue contents description. (Volume 1 British Library Digital file) Volume 5, 1926, covers WW1 The Mediterranean colonies ; Egypt and Palestine ; Aden ; India ; Ceylon ; Malaya ; China. Volume 5, British Library Digital file, Contents. Also available Archive.org version, mirror from Digital Library of India.
The Agricultural Zoology of the Malay Archipelago : the animals injurious and beneficial to agriculture, horticulture and forestry in the Malay Peninsula, the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines by Karel Willem Dammerman 1929. "This book is in the main an [enlarged] English edition of the author's work 'Landbouwdiekunde van Oost-Indië' published in 1919." Pdf download, Repositori Digital, digital repository of the National Library of Malaysia. Note, sample pages only. HathiTrust Digital Library for those with University access.
The Field-Book of a Jungle-Wallah : being a description of shore, river & forest life in Sarawak by Charles Hose. 1985 reprint, first published 1929. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Charles Hose Wikipedia. He was offered an administrative cadetship in Sarawak by the second Rajah, Sir Charles Brooke, which he took up in 1884.
Diseases And Pests Of The Rubber Tree by Arnold Sharples 1936 Archive.org
Books on rubber Scroll down letter R. Pdf downloads, Repositori Digital, National Library of Malaysia.
Malayan Agricultural Journal Archive.org. A limited number of editions are also available on Krishikosh Institutional Repository of Indian National Agricultural Research System, as pdf downloads. Also Malayan Agriculture 1924 Hand Book
Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and Federated Malay States, Multiple volumes, but at least from New Series Volume I 1902 to Volume X, 1911. For many editions, you need to look at the title page, as year is not otherwise catalogued. Archive.org.
Planters and speculators : Chinese and European agricultural enterprise in Malaya, 1786-1921 by James Charles Jackson 1968. Archive.org Book to Borrow/Lending Library. Also available, but probably sample pages only, Repositori Digital, digital repository of the National Library of Malaysia.
The following book appears to have been published under three slightly different titles: Memoirs Of A British Agent; Memoirs of a British agent : being an account of the author's early life in many lands and of his official mission to Moscow in 1918; and British Agent, by R H Bruce Lockhart 1932. The initial chapters cover his time in Malaya as a young man c 1908-1910 where his uncles were rubber planters. Archive.org version; two transcribed formats: gwpda.org and spyculture.com, now an archived webpage.
R. H. Bruce Lockhart Wikipedia.
Return to Malaya R.H.Bruce Lockhart 1936 Archive.org. The author had previously left Malaya c 1910, see previous book.
Singapore Patrol by Alec Dixon, 1935. Pdf download, National Library of Malaysia. Note, sample pages only. The author who joined the Straits Settlements Police post WW1 was one of a small force of detectives, where riots, murders, and robberies, occurred with alarming frequency. Full title (perhaps only in some editions): Singapore Patrol: Experiences of a Detective Officer in Malaya. Review The Straits Times, 6 December 1935 gov.sg Review The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW) 14 Dec 1935. HathiTrust Digital Library for those with University access.
Malayan Symphony : Being the Impressions Gathered During a Six Months' journey Through the Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, Siam, Sumatera, Java and Bali by William Robert Foran 1935. Pdf download, Repositori Digital, National Library of Malaysia. Probably sample pages only. HathiTrust Digital Library for those with University access.
"Malaya 1938-1939" page 164 Memories of Malaya by June Meyer 2007. Description of a rubber estate in the north of Malaya. Google Books.
Handbook of the Automobile Association of Malaya, Dec. 1939 eresources.nlb.gov.sg
British Rule In Eastern Asia: A Study of Contemporary Government and Economic development in British Malaya and Hong Kong by Lennox A Mills 1941. Issued under the auspices of the Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations International Research Series. File 1 some missing pages noted; File 2 Archive.org. Public Library of India Collection.
Men of Malaya by Clive Dalton , (elsewhere stated to be the pseudonym of Frederick S Clark). 1942. Chapters titled Francis Light, Thomas Stamford Raffles, James Brooke, Andrew Clarke, Hugh Low, Frank Athelante Sweetenham. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
Malayan Landscape by Katharine Sim with an introduction by Sir Richard Winstedt. 1946. The author was in Malaya 1938 to 1942. The final chapter is about the war situation ahead of the approaching Japanese, with the author’s eventual evacuation from Singapore, shortly before its fall. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India.
Notes on Japanese Warfare on the Malayan Front Information Bulletin no. 6, 9 January 1942 by [USA] War Department, Military Intelligence Division. Archive.org
The Memoirs of a Malayan Official by Victor Purcell 1965 Archive.org Lending Library. Purcell was a member of the Malayan Civil Service 1921-46. The initial chapters are about his WW1 service in the British Army on the Western Front.
Purcell was also the author of Malaya : Outline of a Colony 1946, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01003009266 . Also available HathiTrust Digital Library for those with University access.
The War in Malaya by Lieut.-General A E Percival, G O C Malaya 1941-1942. 1949. Archive.org, mirror from Digital Library of India. Also available as a pdf download on the Sejarah Melayu [Digital] Library located under General. Scroll down the alphabetical list to T.
Malaya and its History by Sir Richard Winstedt, formerly of the Malayan Civil Service and Reader in Malay, University of London. 2nd edition, revised 1951, first published 1947. Archive.org
Also see A History of Malaya by R.O. Winstedt published as Part I, Volume XIII March 1935 of the Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, above.
A History of Malaya by Sir Richard Winstedt. Revised and enlarged 1962. Archive.org Lending Library.
The British Overseas : Exploits of a Nation of Shopkeepers by C E Carrington 1950. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. Includes a some chapters about Malaya. Charles Carrington (historian).
A History of Malaya and her Neighbours, Volume One by F J Moorhead 1957. Archive.org, mirror from Central Secretariat Library, Government of India.
The Golden Khersonese : studies in the historical geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D. 1500 by Paul Wheatley. 1961. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
A History of Malaya, A.D. 1400-1959 by J Kennedy 1962. Archive.org Lending Library.
British civilians and the Japanese war in Malaya and Singapore, 1941-45 by Joseph Kennedy 1987. Archive.org Lending Library.
A History of Modern Sabah (North Borneo, 1881-1963) by K G Tregonning 1965. A revised second edition of the book first published in 1958 under the title Under Chartered Company Rule. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library. The British North Borneo Company.
The British in Malaya : the first forty years, 1786-1826 by K G Tregonning 1965. Archive.org Lending Library.
A History of Modern Malaya by K G Tregonning 1967. Archive.org Lending Library.
Pepper, Rice, and Elephants : a Southeast Asian journey from Celebes to Siam by Ruth Masters Rickover 1975. Contains one chapter on Malaya from page 101. Archive.org Lending Library.
The British in Malaya, 1880-1941 : the social history of a European community in colonial South-East Asia by John G Butcher 1979. Archive.org Lending Library.
Tales from the South China Seas : images of the British in South-East Asia in the twentieth century by Charles Allen 1984. Originally commissioned by, and broadcast on BBC Radio as oral history documentaries. Archive.org Lending Library.
The Savage Wars of Peace : Soldier's Voices, 1945-1989 by Charles Allen 1990. Archive.org Lending Library.
Empire's End : a history of the Far East from High Colonialism to Hong Kong by John Keay 1997. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
The Japanese Occupation of Malaya : a Social and Economic History by Paul H Kratoska 1997. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
Forgotten Armies : the fall of British Asia, 1941-1945 by Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper 2005. Includes Malaya and Singapore. Archive.org Books to Borrow/Lending Library.
Sunset of the Empire in Malaya: A New Zealander’s Life in the Colonial Education Service by T.K. Taylor 2007. He was appointed by the Colonial Office and worked in Malaya 1946-1960. Archive.org Books to Borrow/ Lending Library.
The Directory & Chronicle for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, &c. For a range of editions to 1922, see China.
The London and China Telegraph. Published weekly in London. Covers China, Hong Kong, Japan, Straits Settlements (Singapore, Penang), Batavia and perhaps a wider area. For editions 1860-1875 (missing 1862), see China.
Kelly & Walsh's Handbook of the Malay Language for the use of Tourists and Residents Sixth edition 1919 Archiv.org
An English-Malay Dictionary by Rev. W G Shellabear 1916 Archive.org
Hilda's "Where is it?" of recipes : containing, amongst other practical and tried recipes, many old Cape, Indian, and Malay dishes and preserves: also directions for polishing furniture, cleaning silk, etc. and a collection of home remedies in case of sickness by Hildagonda J Duckitt 1908 edition Archive.org. First published 1891. The author lived at the Cape of Good Hope.
The Adventures of John Smith in Malaya, 1600-1605 by A Hale 1909. Archive.org. This book was classified as a novel in a review when issued, but it was stated “In the Malayan part of the book…[there] seems to be first hand knowledge of the legends, custom and intimate life of the Malayans”, and it was “written… with… learning”[8]
The Complete Short Stories of W. Somerset Maugham Volume I Archive.org Lending Library. Volume II, Volume III. Archive.org. The Volume III Preface indicates some of the stories are set in Malaya "written long before the Second World War"; there may be other Malayan stories in other volumes. (See External links, above.) Other Short Stories editions mainly from the Archive.org Lending Library. Far Eastern Tales Archive.org Lending Library. The short stories appear to have been written mainly in the 1920s-1930s.
The Gun-Runners by W. Dingwall Fordyce c 1900 Archive.org. An adventure story for younger readers.
The Jewelled Lizard by W. Dingwall Fordyce c 1908 Archive.org. An adventure story for younger readers, with a Sumatra setting.
Dingwall Fordyce also wrote "The Adventures of Babi. A pet mongoose in Sumatra", a chapter in Wide World Magazine, 1911, and Our Secret Society c 1910. However, it is unknown if the setting for the latter is also Malaysia/Indonesia.
The Black Parrot: a Tale of the Golden Chersonese by Harry Hervey 1923 Archive.org. Golden Chersonese (Khersonese) meaning the Golden Peninsula, was the name used for the Malay Peninsula in classical antiquity.
↑ Malaysia Civil Registration FamilySearch Wiki.
↑ Esslemont, Don. BMD certificates (was Robert Darwood engineer) Rootsweb Malaysia Mailing List 18 Mar 2008, now an archived webpage, which quotes a source of information which is no longer available as a webpage. There is a possibility this information may be contained in the "Resources" chapter of the book Empire’s Children: Trace Your Family History Across the World by Anton Gill 2007, available at the British Library UIN: BLL01013623894 . This book accompanied the Channel 4 television series Empire's Children.
↑ History of the Dutch in Malaysia by Dennis De Witt. Available at the British Library UIN: BLL01015564894
↑ Page 28, "Chapter 2: Creeping in Johore April 1930- December 1930, Malayan Spymaster: Memoirs of a Rubber Planter, Bandit Fighter and Spy by Boris Hembry 2011 Google Books.
↑ Page 208, "Chapter 13: The Planter’s World", The Devil’s Milk: A Social History of Rubber by John Tully 2011. Google Books
↑ "The Planter’s Life" by Christopher Hale, January 2013.
↑ A History of the Singapore Volunteer Corps, 1854-1937 : being also an historical outline of volunteering in Malaya Naval & Military Press
↑ The Spectator Archive: 10 July 1909, page 28, archived page.
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(Redirected from Set (mathematics))
For the Egyptian god, see Seth.
Georg Cantor, in 1894. Cantor was the first mathematician to talk about sets
Cantor's original definition of a set
A set is an idea from mathematics. A set has members (also called elements). A set is defined by its members, so any two sets with the same members are the same (e.g., if set [math]\mathit{X}[/math] and set [math]\mathit{Y}[/math] have the same members, then [math]\mathit{X} = \mathit{Y}[/math]).
Example of a set of polygons
A set cannot have the same member more than once. Membership is the only thing that matters. For example, there is no order or other difference among the members. Anything can be a member of a set, including sets themselves (though if a set is a member of itself, paradoxes such as Russell's paradox can happen).
1 What to do with sets
1.1 Element of
1.2 Empty set
1.3 Universe
1.4 Comparing sets
1.5 Cardinality of a set
1.5.1 Infinite cardinality
1.5.2 Countability
1.6 Subsets
1.7 Set operations
1.7.1 Intersections
1.7.2 Unions
1.7.3 Complements
2 Notation
3 Venn diagrams
4 Special sets
5 Paradoxes about sets
5.1 The barber paradox
What to do with sets
Imagine the set is a bag.
Element of
Various things can be put into a bag. Later on, a good question would be if a certain thing is in the bag. Mathematicians call this element of. Something is an element of a set, if that thing can be found in the respective bag. The symbol used for this is [math]\in[/math]:
[math]a \in \mathit{A}[/math],
which means that [math]a[/math] is in the bag [math]\mathit{A}[/math] or [math]a[/math] is an element of [math]\mathit{A}[/math].
Unlike a bag, a set can contain at most one item of a given type. So for a set of fruits, it would make no difference if there is one orange, or if there are 10 oranges.
Empty set
Like a bag, a set can also be empty. The empty set is like an empty bag: it has nothing in it. The "empty set" is also called the null set and is represented by the symbol [math]\varnothing[/math].[1]
If we consider, say, some sets of American cars, e.g. a set of all Fords and a set of all Dodges, we may also wish to consider the whole set of American cars. In this case, the set of all American cars would be called a universe.
In other words, a universe is a collection of all the elements one wishes to consider in a given problem. The universe is usually named [math]U[/math].
Comparing sets
Two sets can be compared. This is like looking into two different bags. If they contain the same things, they are equal. No matter, in which order these things are.
For example, if [math]\mathit{A}=\{ Stanford, Stanley \}[/math] and [math]\mathit{B}=\{ Stanley, Stanford \}[/math], the sets are the same.
Cardinality of a set
When mathematicians talk about a set, they sometimes want to know how big a set is (or what is the cardinality of the set). They do this by counting how many elements are in the set (how many items are in the bag). For finite sets the cardinality is a simple number. The empty set has a cardinality of 0. The set [math]\{ apple, orange \}[/math] has a cardinality of 2.
Two sets have the same cardinality if we can pair up their elements—if we can join two elements, one from each set. The set [math]\{ apple, orange \}[/math] and the set [math]\{ sun, moon \}[/math] have the same cardinality. E.g, we could pair apple with sun, and orange with moon. The order does not matter. It is possible to pair all the elements, and none is left out. But the set [math]\{ dog, cat, bird \}[/math] and the set [math]\{ 5, 6 \}[/math] have different cardinality. If we try to pair them up, we always leave out one animal.
Infinite cardinality
At times cardinality is not a number. Sometimes a set has infinite cardinality. The set of all integers is a set with infinite cardinality. Some sets with infinite cardinality are bigger (have a bigger cardinality) than others. There are more real numbers than there are natural numbers, for example, which means we cannot pair up the set of integers and the set of real numbers, even if we worked forever.
Countability
If you can count the elements of a set, it is called a countable set. Countable sets include all sets with a finite number of members. Countable sets also include some infinite sets, such as the natural numbers. You can count the natural numbers with [math]{1,2,3...}[/math]. The natural numbers are nicknamed "the counting numbers", since they are what we usually use to count things with.
An uncountable set is an infinite set that is impossible to count. If we try to count the elements, we will always skip some. It does not matter what step we take. The set of real numbers is an uncountable set. There are many other uncountable sets, even such a small interval like [math][0, 1][/math].[3]
A subset of regular polygons
If you look at the set [math]A=\{ a, b \}[/math] and the set [math]B=\{ a, b, c, d \}[/math], you can see that all elements in the first set are also in the second set.
We say: [math]\{ a, b \}[/math] is a subset of [math]\{ a, b, c, d \}[/math]
As a formula it looks like this:
[math]\{a,b\} \subseteq \{a,b,c,d\}[/math]
In general, when all elements of set [math]A[/math] are also elements of set [math]B[/math], we call [math]A[/math] a subset of [math]B[/math]:
[math]A \subseteq B[/math][1].
It is usually read "[math]A[/math] is contained in [math]B[/math]."
Example: Every Chevrolet is an American car. So the set of all Chevrolets is contained in the set of all American cars.
Set operations
Intersection of two sets of polygons
There are different ways to combine sets.
The intersection [math]A \cap B[/math] of two sets [math]A[/math] and [math]B[/math] is a set that contains all the elements that are both in set [math]A[/math] and in set [math]B[/math] at the same time.
Example: When [math]A[/math] is the set of all cheap cars, and [math]B[/math] is the set of all American cars, then [math]A \cap B[/math] is the set of all cheap American cars.
Union of two sets of polygons
The union [math]A \cup B[/math] of two sets [math]A[/math] and [math]B[/math] is a set that contains all the elements that are in set [math]A[/math] or in set [math]B[/math]. This "or" is the inclusive disjunction, so the union also contains the elements, that are in set [math]A[/math] and in set [math]B[/math]. By the way, this means, that the intersection is a subset of the union: [math](A \cap B) \subseteq (A \cup B)[/math].
Example: When [math]A[/math] is the set of all cheap cars, and [math]B[/math] is the set of all American cars, then [math]A \cup B[/math] is the set of all cars, without all expensive cars that are not from America.
Complement can mean two different things:
The complement of [math]A[/math] is the universe [math]U[/math] without all the elements of [math]A[/math]:
[math]A^{\rm C} = U \setminus A[/math]
The universe [math]U[/math] is the set of all things you speak about.
Example: When [math]U[/math] is the set of all cars, and [math]A[/math] is the set of all cheap cars,
then [math]A[/math]C is the set of all expensive cars.
Differences of two sets of polygons
The set difference of [math]A[/math] and [math]B[/math] is the set [math]B[/math] without all the elements of [math]A[/math]:
[math]B \setminus A[/math]
It is also called the relative complement of [math]A[/math] in [math]B[/math] .
Example: When [math]A[/math] is the set of all cheap cars, and [math]B[/math] is the set of all American cars, then [math]B \setminus A[/math] is the set of all expensive American cars.
If you exchange the sets in the set difference, the result is different:
In the example with the cars, the difference [math]A \setminus B[/math] is the set of all cheap cars, that are not made in America.
Most mathematicians use uppercase ITALIC (usually Roman) letters to write about sets (such as [math]A[/math], [math]B[/math], [math]C[/math]). The things that are seen as elements of sets are usually written with lowercase Roman letters.[1][2]
One way of showing a set is by a list of its members, separated by commas, included in braces. For example,
[math]X=\{1, 2, 3\}[/math] is set which has members 1, 2, and 3.
Another way, called the set-builder notation,[3] is by a statement of what is true of the members of the set, like this:
{x | x is a natural number & x < 4}.
In spoken English, this reads: "the set of all x such that x is a natural number and x is less than four". The symbol [ipe "|" means "such that" or "so that".
The empty set is written in a special way: [math] \empty [/math], [math] \varnothing [/math] or [math] \{\} [/math].
When object a is the member of set [math]A[/math] it is written as:
a ∈ A.
In spoken English, this reads: "a is a member of [math]A[/math]".[1]
Intersection [math]A \cap B[/math]
To illustrate operations on sets mathematicians use Venn diagrams. Venn diagrams use circles to show individual sets. The universe is depicted with a rectangle. Results of operations are shown as colored areas. In the illustration of the intersection operation the left circle shows set [math]A[/math] and the right circle shows set [math]B[/math].
Some sets are very important to mathematics. They are used very often. One of these is the empty set. Many of these special sets are written using blackboard bold typeface, and these include:[1][4]
[math]\mathbb{P}[/math], denoting the set of all primes.
[math]\mathbb{N}[/math], denoting the set of all natural numbers. That is to say, [math]\mathbb{N}[/math] = {1, 2, 3, ...}, or sometimes [math]\mathbb{N}[/math] = {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.
[math]\mathbb{Z}[/math], denoting the set of all integers (whether positive, negative or zero). So [math]\mathbb{Z}[/math] = {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...}.
[math]\mathbb{Q}[/math], denoting the set of all rational numbers (that is, the set of all proper and improper fractions). So, [math]\mathbb{Q} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}\frac{a}{b} \end{matrix}| a,b \in \mathbb{Z}, b \neq 0\right\}[/math], meaning all fractions [math]\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{b} \end{matrix}[/math] where a and b are in the set of all integers and b is not equal to 0. For example, [math]\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{4} \end{matrix} \in \mathbb{Q}[/math] and [math]\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{6} \end{matrix} \in \mathbb{Q}[/math]. All integers are in this set since every integer a can be expressed as the fraction [math]\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{1} \end{matrix}[/math].
[math]\mathbb{R}[/math], denoting the set of all real numbers. This set includes all rational numbers, together with all irrational numbers (that is, numbers which cannot be rewritten as fractions, such as [math]\pi,[/math] [math]e,[/math] and √2).
[math]\mathbb{C}[/math], denoting the set of all complex numbers.
Each of these sets of numbers has an infinite number of elements, and [math]\mathbb{P} \subset \mathbb{N} \subset \mathbb{Z} \subset \mathbb{Q} \subset \mathbb{R} \subset \mathbb{C}[/math].
Paradoxes about sets
The mathematician Bertrand Russell found that there are problems with the informal definition of sets. He stated this in a paradox called Russell's paradox. An easier to understand version, closer to real life, is called the Barber paradox.
The barber paradox
There is a small town somewhere. In that town, there is a barber. All the men in the town do not like beards, so they either shave themselves, or they go to the barber shop to be shaved by the barber.
We can therefore make a statement about the barber himself: The barber shaves all men that do not shave themselves. He only shaves those men (since the others shave themselves and do not need a barber to give them a shave).
This of course raises the question: What does the barber do each morning to look clean-shaven? This is the paradox.
If the barber shaves himself, he cannot be a barber, since a barber does not shave himself. If he does not shave himself, he falls in the category of those who do not shave themselves, and so, cannot be a barber.
Cantor set
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Comprehensive List of Set Theory Symbols" (in en-US). 2020-04-11. https://mathvault.ca/hub/higher-math/math-symbols/set-theory-symbols/.
↑ "Introduction to Sets". https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/sets-introduction.html.
↑ Weisstein, Eric W.. "Set" (in en). https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Set.html.
↑ "Set Symbols". https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/symbols.html.
The following books explore sets in more detail:
Halmos, Paul R., Naive Set Theory, Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand (1960)
Stoll, Robert R., Set Theory and Logic, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications (1979)
Allenby, R.B.J.T, Rings, Fields and Groups, Leeds, England: Butterworth Heinemann (1991)
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Revision as of 07:31, 11 March 2012 by Grognor (talk | contribs) (free book woohoo)
Wikipedia has an article about
The brainless, mindless optimization process responsible for the production of all biological life on Earth, including human beings. Since the design signature of evolution is alien and counterintuitive, it takes some study to get to know your accidental Creator.
2 Blog posts (sequence)
3 Blog posts (other)
Evolution as alien god
Slowness of evolution
Stupidity of evolution
Blog posts (sequence)
All Less Wrong posts tagged "seq_evolution"
An Alien God - Evolution is awesomely powerful, unbelievably stupid, incredibly slow, monomaniacally singleminded, irrevocably splintered in focus, blindly shortsighted, and itself a completely accidental process. If evolution were a god, it would not be Jehovah, but H. P. Lovecraft's Azathoth, the blind idiot God burbling chaotically at the center of everything.
The Wonder of Evolution - The wonder of the first replicator was not how amazingly well it replicated, but that a first replicator could arise, at all, by pure accident, in the primordial seas of Earth. That first replicator would undoubtedly be devoured in an instant by a sophisticated modern bacterium. Likewise, the wonder of evolution itself is not how well it works, but that a brainless, accidentally occurring optimization process can work at all. If you praise evolution for being such a wonderfully intelligent Creator, you're entirely missing the wonderful thing about it.
Evolutions Are Stupid (But Work Anyway) - Modern evolutionary theory gives us a definite picture of evolution's capabilities. If you praise evolution one millimeter higher than this, you are not scoring points against creationists, you are just being factually inaccurate. In particular we can calculate the probability and time for advantageous genes to rise to fixation. For example, a mutation conferring a 3% advantage would have only a 6% probability of surviving, and if it did so, would take 875 generations to rise to fixation in a population of 500,000 (on average).
Speed limit and complexity bound for evolution - It is widely understood that there is a limit on how fast evolution can accumulate information in a gene pool, and an upper bound on how much genetic information can be sustained against the degenerative pressure of copying errors. (But Yudkowsky's attempt to calculate an actual bound failed mathematically, so see the referenced summary of the discussion instead of the original blog post.)
Adaptation-Executers, not Fitness-Maximizers - A central principle of evolutionary biology in general, and evolutionary psychology in particular. If we regarded human taste buds as trying to maximize fitness, we might expect that, say, humans fed a diet too high in calories and too low in micronutrients, would begin to find lettuce delicious, and cheeseburgers distasteful. But it is better to regard taste buds as an executing adaptation - they are adapted to an ancestral environment in which calories, not micronutrients, were the limiting factor.
No Evolutions for Corporations or Nanodevices - Price's Equation describes quantitatively how the change in a average trait, in each generation, is equal to the covariance between that trait and fitness. Such covariance requires substantial variation in traits, substantial variation in fitness, and substantial correlation between the two - and then, to get large cumulative selection pressures, the correlation must have persisted over many generations with high-fidelity inheritance, continuing sources of new variation, and frequent birth of a significant fraction of the population. People think of "evolution" as something that automatically gets invoked where "reproduction" exists, but these other conditions may not be fulfilled - which is why corporations haven't evolved, and nanodevices probably won't.
Evolving to Extinction - Contrary to a naive view that evolution works for the good of a species, evolution says that genes which outreproduce their alternative alleles increase in frequency within a gene pool. It is entirely possible for genes which "harm" the species to outcompete their alternatives in this way - indeed, it is entirely possible for a species to evolve to extinction.
The Tragedy of Group Selectionism - Describes a key case where some pre-1960s evolutionary biologists went wrong by anthropomorphizing evolution - in particular, Wynne-Edwards, Allee, and Brereton among others believed that predators would voluntarily restrain their breeding to avoid overpopulating their habitat. Since evolution does not usually do this sort of thing, their rationale was group selection - populations that did this would survive better. But group selection is extremely difficult to make work mathematically, and an experiment under sufficiently extreme conditions to permit group selection, had rather different results.
Fake Optimization Criteria - Why study evolution? For one thing - it lets us see an alien optimization process up close - lets us see the real consequence of optimizing strictly for an alien optimization criterion like inclusive genetic fitness. Humans, who try to persuade other humans to do things their way, think that this policy criterion ought to require predators to restrain their breeding to live in harmony with prey; the true result is something that humans find less aesthetic.
Blog posts (other)
Beware of Stephen J. Gould - A lot of people have gotten their grasp of evolutionary theory from Stephen J. Gould, a man who committed the moral equivalent of fraud in a way that is difficult to explain. At any rate, he severely misrepresented what evolutionary biologists believe, in the course of pretending to attack certain beliefs. One needs to clear from memory, as much as possible, not just everything that Gould positively stated but everything he seemed to imply the mainstream theory believed.
Conjuring An Evolution To Serve You - If you take the hens who lay the most eggs in each generation, and breed from them, you should get hens who lay more and more eggs. Sounds logical, right? But this selection may actually favor the most dominant hen, that pecked its way to the top of the pecking order at the expense of other hens. Such breeding programs produce hens that must be housed in individual cages, or they will peck each other to death. Jeff Skilling of Enron fancied himself an evolution-conjurer - summoning the awesome power of evolution to work for him - and so, every year, every Enron employee's performance would be evaluated, and the bottom 10% would get fired, and the top performers would get huge raises and bonuses.
Richard Dawkins - The Selfish Gene (PDF)
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Tag Archives: Massachusetts
Commentary, Videos
Can atheist Louise Antony rationally ground objective morality?
12/23/2015 Wintery Knight 1 Comment
The debate on video:
Part 1 on YouTube
I read Dr. Craig’s report of his debate with Louise Antony on the topic of God and morality. My impression from his review was that she hadn’t prepared for the debate and didn’t understand the moral argument at all.
My impressions of her were confirmed by J.W. Wartick’s blog post.
Recently, I listened [again] to the debate between William Lane Craig and Louise Anthony. Some have lauded this debate as a stirring victory for secular ethics. (See, for example, the comments here–one comment even goes so far as to say “I swoon when someone evokes the Euthyphro Dilemma and frown at the impotent, goal-post-moving, ‘Divine nature’ appeal.”) In reality, I think Louise Anthony did indeed present the case for secular metaethics. The problem is that this case is utterly vacuous.
I’ll break down why this is the case by focusing upon three areas of development in secular and theistic ethics: objective moral truths, suffering, and moral facts.
Here’s the snarkiest part:
Louise Anthony seems to be just confused about the nature of objective morality. She says in response to a question from the audience, “The universe has no purpose, but I do… I have lots of purposes…. It makes a lot of difference to a lot of people and to me what I do. That gives my life significance… The only thing that would make it [sacrificing her own life] insignificant would be if my children’s lives were insignificant. And, boy you better not say that!”
Craig responded, “But Louise, on atheism, their lives are insignificant.” Anthony interjected, “Not to me!”
But then she goes on to make this confused statement, “It’s an objective fact that they [her children] are significant to me.”
Note how Anthony has confused the terms here. Yes, it is an objective fact that according to Louise Anthony, her children matter to her. We can’t question Anthony’s own beliefs–we must trust what she tells us unless we have reason to think otherwise. But that’s not enough. What Craig and other theists are trying to press is that that simple fact has nothing to do with whether her children are actually valuable. Sure, people may go around complaining that “Well, it matters to me, so it does matter!” But that doesn’t make it true. All kinds of things can matter to people, that doesn’t mean that they are ontologically objective facts.
It matters to me whether the Cubs [an American baseball team] win the World Series. That hasn’t happened in 104 years, so it looks like it doesn’t matter in the overall scheme of the universe after all. But suppose I were to, like Anthony, retort, “But the Cubs matter to me! It’s an objective fact that them winning the World Series is significant to me!” Fine! But all the Cardinals [a rival team] fans would just laugh at me and say “SO WHAT!?“
Similarly, one can look at Anthony with incredulity and retort, “Who cares!?” Sure, if you can get enough people around Anthony who care about her children’s moral significance, you can develop a socially derived morality. But that’s not enough to ground objective morality. Why should we think that her values matter to the universe at large? On atheism, what reason is there for saying that her desires and purposes for her children are any better than my desires and purposes for the Cubs?
She doesn’t even understand the difference between objective and subjective morality! Sigh. For her, it’s enough that people have feelings about what they like and don’t like, and that they have the feeling that they ought to act in line with their feelings. And if you challenge her about obviously evil people, e.g. – radical Islamists blowing up innocent children for their ideology, well she has no reason to say that their feelings-based morality is any more rationally grounded than her own. The problem with atheists is that they approach morality with the goal of explaining it away. They want to avoid having to comply with objective, prescriptive morality, but they also want to justify themselves to theists by saying “look at me, I have standards too, I’m not a sociopath!” So, they invent a subjective morality based on their need to feel good and get the praise of their peers and congratulate themselves about acting according to a subjective standard. Problem solved! The fact is that there is no way to get to an objective moral standard that applies in all times and places on atheism. Accidental universe = anything goes. Period. End of issue.
AmherstApologeticsAtheismChristianityDebateEthicsEuthyphro DilemmaLouise AntonyMassachusettsMetaethicsMoral ArgumentMoralityPhilosophyPhilosophy of ReligionWilliam Lane Craig
Supreme Court rules that pro-lifers have free speech right at abortion clinics
From USA Today.
Abortion remains an issue that divides the Supreme Court, but the justices had less disagreement Thursday in defending the free speech rights of abortion opponents.
The court ruled unanimously that Massachusetts went too far — literally — when it created 35-foot buffer zones around abortion clinics to keep demonstrators away from patients.
The decision united Chief Justice John Roberts and the court’s four liberals, who said the distance improperly removed demonstrators from public sidewalks and spaces. The other conservative justices would have issued a more sweeping verdict, striking down the ban on grounds that it targets abortion opponents’ specific point of view.
“Petitioners wish to converse with their fellow citizens about an important subject on the public streets and sidewalks — sites that have hosted discussions about the issues of the day throughout history,” Roberts wrote. Though the state has an interest in public safety, it “pursued those interests by the extreme step of closing a substantial portion of a traditional public forum to all speakers.”
[…]The court’s other four conservative justices agreed with the verdict in the Massachusetts case but would have gone further by striking down the law as one that illegally targets abortion opponents.
“It is clear on the face of the Massachusetts law that it discriminates based on viewpoint,” Justice Samuel Alito wrote. “Speech in favor of the clinic and its work by employees and agents is permitted; speech criticizing the clinic and its work is a crime. This is blatant viewpoint discrimination.”
The article has a reactions from a Planned Parenthood spokeswoman. She was against the ruling.
AbortionBuffer ZoneClinicMassachusettsPro-Life
Justina Pelletier’s family promises to sue Massachusetts for kidnapping their daughter
From Life News.
The family of Justina Pelletier, the teenage girl at the center of a national parental rights dispute, vows to pursue legal action against the state of Massachusetts for what they say was essentially an abduction of their daughter.
Earlier this week, Massachusetts Juvenile Court Judge Joseph Johnston signed the order for Justina to go home following a 16-month dispute between her family and state officials. Lou Pelletier said in a text message, “This battle has been finally won. The WAR will not be won until we stop this from happening to ALL CHILDREN!!”
Pelletier, said, “It’s an unbelievably emotional day… I’m still shellshocked. It has been 16 months of torture, but finally justice is being done.”
The first order of business for the family is to get Justina well and evaluate her after her treatment, or lack therof, by state officials. In her sixteen months under the “care” of the state, Justina Pelletier’s health deteriorated from being a vibrant figure skater to being confined to a wheelchair, unable to walk on her own.Pelletier says his daughter has “no feeling at all below her hips” and is now confined to a wheelchair.
In a picture, right, her father is shown having to carry her into their home.
Next, they are considering legal action. The Pelletiers are pursuing legal action against the Massachusetts officials who took custody of Justina.
According to the Hartford Courant:
Pelletier said he plans to pursue legal and legislative action against the Massachusetts officials who took custody of Justina.
“This is just the beginning,” Pelletier said. “There’s going to be a Justina law,” because hospitals are “taking kids, using DCF to be their little wingman. I’m going to be the guy that’s going to change that.”
If you haven’t been following the kidnapping story, the Courant article is a GREAT summary of everything.
I would like to see them sue Massachusetts and maybe score one for parents who are tired of having their parental autonomy and authority undermined by fascists. Taxpayer-funded fascists, no less. The Pelletier family paid for the DCF and the judge to do this to them.
Can you imagine that parents are paying fascists to torture their own child so that she has permanent disabilities? It’s incredible, but that’s what it means to pay taxes to a secular government – you’re paying for things that you would never spend your own earned money on if you had the choice. And they think they are doing you a favor – providing you with a service. Because you are too stupid to know how to parent your own child. Throw them all in jail, throw away the key.
Boston Children's HospitalDCFGovernmentJurriaan PetersJustina PelletierKidnappingMassachusetts
DCF social workers reverse their support for kidnapping of Justina Pelletier
The UK Daily Mail reports.
A Connecticut teenager is closer to being returned to her parents after the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families decided she was better off in the care of her family than the state.
The final decision now rests with Judge Joseph Johnston who gave the state permanent custody of Justina Pelletier in March.
The move came after a highly publicized battle involving differing diagnoses from doctors at Boston Children’s Hospital and Tufts Medical Center and allegations of medical child abuse against her parents.
The 16-year-old made an impassioned plea to go home earlier this week, and DCF has removed its longstanding opposition to the idea. DCF now claims that Lou and Linda Pelletier have met the conditions asked of them in order to get their child back.
They will all now be looking to see if the judge agrees.
[…]The Pelletiers’ trying ordeal began 16 months ago when they submitted their daughter for evaluation at Tufts University hospital.
Justina’s case has gained attention after a diagnostic dispute between her doctors at Tufts Medical Center and at Boston Children’s Hospital over whether her deteriorating condition was primarily a physical or a psychiatric problem.
She was being treated at Tufts for more than a year for mitochondrial disease, a group of genetic disorders that affect how cells produce energy, often causing problems with the gut, brain, muscles, and heart.
However, doctors at Children’s hospital took a different view and concluded that her physical symptoms were primarily caused by psychological disorders.
After the conflicting diagnosis, doctors allegedly gave Justina’s parents the bewildering and heart-breaking news that they wouldn’t be able to take their daughter home.
Justina’s parents refused to accept that her condition was psychological in nature and tried to discharge her and bringing her back to Tufts.
Speaking of the moment their daughter was taken away from her, the teenager’s mother said: ”They came in, and they said we cannot take Justina out of the hospital.
‘They called DCF (Department for Children and Families).
‘They said Justina had ‘somatoform disorder,’ a form of mental illness that is characterized by physical symptoms.’
Linda and Lou Pelletier were escorted out of the hospital by security, and within the short space of four days they had lost custody of their beloved daughter.
In my previous post on this story, I noted that parental visits were conducted under armed guard. That’s what the state did to these parents.
I hope we will see a close to this story soon. I would like to see DCF social workers and the medical personnel at the Boston Children’s Hospital charged and tried in a criminal court for what they did. Maybe the charges could be something like child abuse or kidnapping. I hope that the people who made the decisions that took the girl away from her parents will see significant jail time. Then parents might start to have faith in their hospitals and social workers – which they are paying for. But then again, this is Massachusetts. It’s probably too much to hope for common sense there.
DCFGovernmentJustina PelletierKidnappingMassachusetts
Court awards permanent custody of girl to Mass. Department of Children and Families
Wow. I’m not sure if you all have been following this story, but just when you think that it has to end, the insanity just keeps on going.
The Daily Caller reports.
A juvenile court judge issued a ruling Tuesday giving the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families “permanent” custody of Justina Pelletier. Any future decision to return the 15-year-old to her parents is now solely up to the agency.
Judge Joseph Johnston ruled in response to a motion from Pelletier’s court-appointed lawyer and her parents’ lawyers, Linda and Lou Pelletier of West Hartford Conn., which called for “conditional custody” of their daughter, reports The Boston Globe.
She has been in the custody of the state since February, 2013, when DCF removed her from her parents care. They have been aggressively demanding custody of Justina since then, and the case has gained national attention.
Justina Pelletier was being treated for mitochondrial disease, a genetic disorder that affects muscle tissue, by doctors at Tufts Medical Center early last year. She was admitted to Boston Children’s Hospital when she came down with the flu. Doctors at BCH disagreed with the Tufts doctors and diagnosed her with somatoform disorder, a mental illness.
Her parents rejected the new diagnosis and attempted to move her back to Tufts, when BCH notified the state it suspected the parents of medical abuse. The Massachussetts Department of Children and Families took emergency custody of Pelletier in February.
She has remained in their custody since then, spending most of her time in a psychiatric ward, and allowed one supervised hour a week to see her parents, reported The Boston Globe. She was moved to a residential facility a few months ago, but continues to be treated as an outpatient.
[…]Yesterday, AllVoices reported Justina’s visits with her parents are now supervised by armed guards.
So, basically, if you have a child in Massachusetts, that child can be kidnapped by the state government indefinitely. Note to self: never have children in Democrat-dominated state.
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Live (Deftones album)
Deftones (album)
Deftones are an American rock band from Sacramento, California. The band, which was founded in 1988, consists of Chino Moreno (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Stephen Carpenter (lead guitar), Frank Delgado (keyboards and turntables), Abe Cunningham (drums and percussion) and Sergio Vega (bass). The group's original bassist was Chi Cheng, whose career with the band ended when he was left comatose from a 2008 car accident, which ultimately led to his death in 2013. Deftones have released seven albums, with three platinum (Adrenaline, Around the Fur, White Pony) and one gold certification (for Deftones).
Early years (1988–1993)
When Carpenter was 15 years old, he was hit by a car while skateboarding. Confined to a wheelchair for several months, he began teaching himself guitar by playing along to bands such as Anthrax, Stormtroopers of Death and Metallica. The driver supposedly paid Carpenter a cash settlement that allowed the band to purchase equipment, but Cunningham commented in an interview that the story was simply "a myth about how our band was started."
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Deftones
Live is an extended play by American alternative metal band Deftones, featuring all of the live tracks that were previously released on the two-part CD single for "My Own Summer (Shove It)".
"My Own Summer (Shove It)" - 3:34
"Root (Live)" - 4:35
"Nosebleed (Live)" - 4:22
"Lifter (Live)" - 4:48
"Lotion (Live)" - 3:54
"Fireal/Swords (Live)" - 6:22
"Bored (Live)" - 5:15
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Live_(Deftones_album)
Deftones is the fourth studio album by the American alternative metal band Deftones. It was released on May 20, 2003 through Maverick Records. The album features a broader spectrum of musical styles than previous Deftones records, ranging from some of their heaviest compositions (such as "Bloody Cape" and "When Girls Telephone Boys") to rather moody trip hop influences (such as "Lucky You"), and recorded mostly with 7 string guitars. It would be the band's final album produced by Terry Date, whose collaboration with Deftones dates back to their 1995 debut, Adrenaline.
In November 2002, drummer Abe Cunningham revealed via Glassjaw's official website that the album would be expected to feature 12 to 37 tracks, alongside various features from the likes of Timbaland and Missy Elliott; plans for this however were shelved due to unknown reasons. Originally titled to be Lovers, the album was instead given an eponymous title because singer Chino Moreno considered Lovers too obvious to the context of its material. The song "Lovers" does, however, exist on the UK single for "Hexagram" as a B-side. Deftones was the last album produced by Terry Date, who had collaborated with the band since Adrenaline, due to the vast amount of time spent in the studio, for example the band spent the first 3 days hanging around. They took considerable amounts of time to write and record music which frustrated Date as much as their lack of material when they entered the studio, the latter of the songs were written in the studio. A leaked tracklist from a month prior to the release featured "Needles & Pins" as the opener, under the title "Aria". The song's title & tracklist were changed at the last minute.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Deftones_(album)
'Deftones' is featured as a movie character in the following productions:
Punk Rock Summer Camp (1999)
Actors: Tim Armstrong (actor), Brian Baker (actor), Jay Bentley (actor), Lars Frederiksen (actor), Matt Freeman (actor), Greg Graffin (actor), Greg Hetson (actor), Chino Moreno (actor), Brett Reed (actor), Bobby Schayer (actor), Darryl Eaton (producer), Kevin Lyman (producer), Rick Roskin (producer), Greg Graffin (composer), Rick Charnoski (director),
Deftones Filmography
The Warped Tour Documentary
2009, role: actor , character name: Themselves - Performers
2007, role: composer
White Pony: Deftones
Koi No Yokan released: 2012
The Vinyl Collection released: 2011
Covers released: 2011
Diamond Eyes released: 2010
Saturday Night Wrist released: 2006
B-Sides & Rarities released: 2005
Deftones released: 2003
Live in Hawaii: Music in High Places released: 2002
The Ultimate Demo Collection released: 2001
White Pony released: 2000
Freaks! released: 1999
1997-12-02: Lightning Strikes: Bogart's, Cincinnati, OH, USA released: 1997
Around the Fur released: 1997
Adrenaline released: 1995
2003-06-07: Pinkpop Festival, Megaland, Landgraaf, Netherlands released:
Alpha Test released:
Rare & Acoustic released:
Rare! released:
2001-06-30: Wasted at Wâldrock: Festivalterrein Zomerweg, Burgum, Netherlands released:
2003-09-27: Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, France released:
Anger released:
Covers released:
2001-08-04: Rolling Rock Town Fair, Latrobe, PA, USA released:
1998-05-30: Dynamo Festival, Kunstijsbaan, Eindhoven, Netherlands released:
2000-08-31: Two Days a Week Festival, Wiesen, Austria released:
2000-08-13: Acoustic Live in Las Vegas (X-107.5) released:
2001-01-21: Rock in Rio, Cidade do Rock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil released:
2000-06-06: Brixton Academy, London, UK released:
(Like) Linus released:
Viva Las Vegas released:
Don't Fuck With the Deftones released:
Swerve City
Graphic Nature
The Vinyl Collection
Minus Blindfold
One Weak
Engine No. 9
Please, Please, Please Let Me Get What I Want
Do You Believe
The Chauffeur
If Only Tonight We Could Sleep (live)
Sleep Walk
Rocket Skates
Hole in the Earth
Change (In the House of Flies)
Digital Bath
If Only Tonight We Could Sleep
My Own Summer (Shove It)
Back to School (Mini Maggit)
Feiticeira
Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away)
Cmnd/Ctrl
The Boy's Republic
Bloody Cape
Cherry Waves
Rx Queen
Crenshaw Punch/I'll Throw Rocks at You
Street Carp
Around the Fur
Kimdracula
Headup
Wax and Wane
You’ve Seen the Butcher
976-EVIL
This Place Is Death
Saturday Night Wrist
U,U,D,D,L,R,L,R,A,B,Select,Start
Xerces
Rats!Rats!Rats!
Pink Cellphone (clean version)
B-Sides & Rarities
Change (In the House of Flies) (acoustic)
Teenager (Idiot version)
Please Please Please Let Me Get What I Want
Digital Bath (acoustic)
Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away) (acoustic)
Good Morning Beautiful
When Girls Telephone Boys
Battle-Axe
Anniversary of an Uninteresting Event
Live in Hawaii: Music in High Places
Knife Prty
The Boy's Republic (acoustic)
The Ultimate Demo Collection
God's Hand
(Like) Linus (demo A)
Some People (demo A)
Venision (demo A)
Hop Burg Hop
Sweetest Perfection
The Night Boat
(Like) Linus (demo B)
Freaks a.k.a. Some People (demo B)
Seven Words
Engine No. 9 (demo B)
Teething (demo/rough mix)
White Pony
Pink Maggit
Freaks!
(Like) Linus (demo)
Freaks a.k.a. Some People (demo)
Root (demo)
Seven Words (demo)
Engine No. 9 (demo)
Teething (demo)
Say It Ain't So (live)
South of Heaven / Minus Blindfold (live)
Conversation / Night Brigade (live)
Subliminal (live)
Territory (live)
Seven Words (live)
Headup (live)
First Commandment (live)
Engine No. 9 / Wicked (live)
1997-12-02: Lightning Strikes: Bogart's, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Lhabia
Dai the Flu
MX / Bong Hit / Damone
2003-06-07: Pinkpop Festival, Megaland, Landgraaf, Netherlands
Intro / Change (In the House of Flies)
Like Linus (demo)
Nosebleed (demo)
Freaks (demo)
Hogsburg (demo)
Christmas (demo)
Hump (demo)
Oraled (demo)
Gift (demo)
Some People (demo)
Play (demo)
Venison (demo)
Answers (demo)
Engine No. 9 (demo) (version 2)
Like Linus (demo) (version 2)
Rare & Acoustic
Bumble Bee (live)
The Boy's Republic (live)
God's Hands
Can't Even Breathe
Wicked (live)
(Like) Linus
My Own Summer (Shove It) (Charlie Clouser remix)
Will to Die
Right Brigade
2001-06-30: Wasted at Wâldrock: Festivalterrein Zomerweg, Burgum, Netherlands
Subliminal (feat. Mike Muir)
Bored / Clint Eastwood
2003-09-27: Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, France
7 Words / Root / Birthmark / Engine No. 9 / Fireal / Minus Blindfold / Nosebleed / 7 Words
My Own Summer (Shove It) (live)
Minus Blindfold (live)
Right Brigade (live)
Teething (live)
Mascara (live)
Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away) (live)
Jungle Jam (live)
The "Wicked" Story
Wicked (Tear the Roof Off mix)
Nightboat
Hash Pipe / Clint Eastwood / etc...
El Scorcho
Say It Ain't So
Tired of Sex
Run to the Hills
2001-08-04: Rolling Rock Town Fair, Latrobe, PA, USA
7 Words, Part 1
1998-05-30: Dynamo Festival, Kunstijsbaan, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Engine No. 9 / Wicked
Teething (1998: Pinkpop, The Netherlands)
Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away) (1998: Pinkpop, The Netherlands)
Headup (1998: Pinkpop, The Netherlands)
2000-08-31: Two Days a Week Festival, Wiesen, Austria
2000-08-13: Acoustic Live in Las Vegas (X-107.5)
2001-01-21: Rock in Rio, Cidade do Rock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
7 Words / Say It Ain't So
2000-06-06: Brixton Academy, London, UK
Like Linus (a)
Like Linus (b)
Engine No. 9 (a)
Engine No. 9 (b)
My Own Summer (Shove It) (Mid Winter mix)
Don't Fuck With the Deftones
Root (1994 Ross Robinson produced demo)
Nosebleed (1994 Ross Robinson produced demo)
Teething (original version excluded from Adrenaline)
Engine No. 9 (1993 Deftones produced demo)
Seven Words (1993 Deftones produced demo)
Root (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Nosebleed (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Birthmark (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Seven Words (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Bored (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Teething (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Minus Blindfold (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Engine No. 9 (live, 1995-12-19: San Diego)
Dai The Flu, Deftones
Damone, Deftones
Head Up, Deftones
Headup, Deftones
The Chauffer, Deftones
Wicked, Deftones
Around The Fur, Deftones
Be Quiet And Drive (Far Away), Deftones
Say It Ain't So, Deftones
Sweetest perfection, Deftones
976-evil, Deftones
Deftones, Deftones
Hole In The Earth, Deftones
Kimdracula, Deftones
Good Morning Beautiful, Deftones
Korea, Deftones
Knife Prty, Deftones
Pink Maggit, Deftones
Passenger, Deftones
RX Queen, Deftones
Pink Maggot, Deftones
Teenager, Deftones
Street Carp, Deftones
Knife Party At The Niko, Deftones
Feiticiera, Deftones
You've Seen The Butcher, Deftones
Birthmark, Deftones
Bored, Deftones
Answers, Deftones
Bender, Deftones
Fireal, Deftones
Fist, Deftones
Cant Even Breathe, Deftones
Engine #9, Deftones
The Boys Republic, Deftones
7 Words, Deftones
Xerces, Deftones
Subliminal (Suicidal Tendencies), Deftones
Spasmolytic, Deftones
Some People, Deftones
Savory, Deftones
Roots (Root Demo), Deftones
Right Brigade (Bad Brains), Deftones
Plastic, Deftones
Pink Maggit (Rap Version), Deftones
Nightboat, Deftones
Linus, Deftones
Soon As You Came In All The Beast Went Away, Deftones
South Of Heaven, Deftones
If Only Tonight We Could Sleep, Deftones
I've Looked Outside, Deftones
Jealous Guy, Deftones
In Waves The Ships Have All Sailed To The Sea, Deftones
Teclo, Deftones
Leathers, Deftones
Never Let Me Down Again, Deftones
Mama Told Me When I Was Young, Deftones
One Of These Days You'll Break Me Of Many Things, Deftones
No More Gold Lights For The Queen Earth To Keep You Warm In Your Kingdoms, Deftones
Teething, Deftones
The Chauffeur, Deftones
Tired Of Sex, Deftones
To Have And To Hold, Deftones
Venison, Deftones
Will To Die, Deftones
Back To School (mini Maggit), Deftones
Change In The House Of Flies, Deftones
Digital bath, Deftones
Elite, Deftones
Paint The Streets In White!, Deftones
Prince, Deftones
Royal, Deftones
Sextape, Deftones
Risk, Deftones
Rocket Skates, Deftones
So, Deftones
Somehow Calm As She Walks On Stage, Deftones
She Haunts The Roads She Waits For A New Face, Deftones
SINATRA, Deftones
Rapture, Deftones
Rats! Rats! Rats!, Deftones
Lotion, Deftones
Lhabia, Deftones
Riviere, Deftones
The earth, Deftones
Battle Axe, Deftones
Anniversary Of An Uninteresting Event, Deftones
Deathblow, Deftones
Bloody Cape, Deftones
MX, Deftones
Mascara, Deftones
Rickets, Deftones
My Own Summer (Shove It), Deftones
Anthonys Diddy, Deftones
A Sea Of Waves, Deftones
I, Deftones
El Scorcho, Deftones
Diamond Eyes, Deftones
Cmnd-ctrl, Deftones
Chillers, Deftones
Carrying Prose, Deftones
Black Moon, Deftones
Beauty School, Deftones
Battleaxe, Deftones
They'll Come Soon, Deftones
This Place Is Death, Deftones
Lovers, Deftones
The World Has Turned And Left Me Here, Deftones
Two Different Sides, Deftones
Hump, Deftones
Goon Squad, Deftones
How Neat. I'm Impressed, Deftones
Hexagram, Deftones
I Can't Move Her..., Deftones
I Climbed Your Arms, Deftones
I Gave You All The Love I Got, Deftones
I Get All...numb, Deftones
I Want Milk, Deftones
I Want To Sleep If You Are Awake, Deftones
Cherry Waves, Deftones
Combat, Deftones
When Girls Telephone Boys, Deftones
You Should Know (by Now) Really, Deftones
Moana, Deftones
Needles And Pins, Deftones
Lucky You, Deftones
Feiticeira, Deftones
Beware, Deftones
Bumble D, Deftones
Answers (Demo), Deftones
Engine No.9, Deftones
Minerva, Deftones
One Weak, Deftones
Nosebleed, Deftones
No Ordinary Love, Deftones
Minus Blindfold, Deftones
Savoury, Deftones
Root, Deftones
PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE, LET ME GET WHAT I WANT, Deftones
Pink Maggit (rap metal version), Deftones
Lifter, Deftones
Hogburg Hop, Deftones
Entombed, Deftones
Romantic Dreams, Deftones
Poltergeist, Deftones
Knife Party, Deftones
Mein, Deftones
Simple Man, Deftones
In The Garage, Deftones
Keep On Lovin' You, Deftones
Holiday, Deftones
Pink Cellphone, Deftones
Gift, Deftones
Gods Hands, Deftones
Do They Know It's Christmas?, Deftones
Freaks, Deftones
Christmas, Deftones
Crenshaw, Deftones
i always wondered what it takes fifteen stitches and a soft parody
to make my eyes be like deceit, believe the sting, proves heart to me
and now i know that you love me
thank god that you love at all
dislocated at the joint timing is everything in the bed
'cause you'll sleep for hours to keep away
then sink the teeth and bat your eyes
now i know that you love me
thank god you love at all
what surprise i was right here going off and going on
at least now i know that you love me
from Sacramento, California. The band, which was founded in 1988, consists of Chino Moreno (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Stephen Carpenter (lead guitar), Frank Delgado (keyboards and turntables), Abe Cunningham (drums and percussion) and Sergio Vega (bass). The group's original bassist was Chi Cheng, whose career with the band ended when he was left comatose from a 2008 car accident, which ultimately led to his death in 2013. Deftones have released seven albums, with three platinum (Adrenaline, Around the Fur, White Pony) and one gold certification (for Deftones).
Latest News for: Deftones
Deftones RX Queen Guitar Cover
Bitchute 12 Jan 2021
Another guitar cover from my old Youtube channel that was terminated ....
Chino Moreno’s Crosses Releases First New Song in Six Years
Spin 26 Dec 2020
On Christmas Day, Deftones singer Chino Moreno’s electrorock side project ††† (Crosses), which also features guitarist Shaun Lopez, released their first new song in six years ... Deftones ......
#52. Ohms by Deftones
Magic Valley 23 Dec 2020
- Best Ever Albums score. 82- Best Ever Albums user rating. 75Deftones returned with their first release in four years, and ninth album in a legacy that has spanned over 30 years. “Ohms” has been described as a mash-up of ... ....
Deftones Fundraiser Brings $100,000 to Children’s Hospital, Crew Nation
Variety 23 Dec 2020
Veteran rockers the Deftones have completed their “Adopt-a-Dot” ......
Deftones donate $52,500 to UC Davis Children’s Hospital through Adopt-a-Dot campaign (UC Davis Health System)
Public Technologies 18 Dec 2020
Closing out 2020 on a very positive note, Deftones have completed their 'Adopt-a-Dot' fundraiser and made a donation of $52,500 to UC Davis Children's Hospital. The Deftones launched their philanthropic campaign in September called 'Adopt-a-Dot' based on their album, 'Ohms.'....
Spoken word album by late Deftones bassist Chi Cheng to be released
NME 14 Dec 2020
A spoken word album by late Deftones bassist Chi Cheng will be released in January. READ MORE. Deftones – “Even in our worst moments, we persevere” ... Only 200 copies of the album will be made available, which are available for pre-order here ... He had been in a “partially conscious state” since a 2008 car accident. Cheng with Deftones in 2003 CREDIT....
Deftones share unseen footage in trippy video for Tourist remix of ‘Change (In The House ...
Deftones have shared a trippy video for Tourist‘s remix of ‘Change (In The House Of Flies)’ – watch it below ... Deftones – ‘Black Stallion’ review ... The new remix comes after Deftones dropped their acclaimed ninth album ‘Ohms’ back in summer....
The 30 Best Songs of 2020
For a year that made no sense, it’s only fitting that 2020’s best songs make strange neighbors on a mixtape ... (Disclaimer ... 30 ... Credit ... – Raymond Cummings ... Deftones – “Ohms” ... Nine albums deep, Deftones continue to refine their signature art-metal — Ohms is the band’s most nuanced blend of light and shadow in years....
The 30 Best Albums of 2020
After a deluge of canceled or delayed tours, drive-in experiments, Bandcamp Fridays and bedroom livestreams, we’re finally here. Yay?. It’s hard to celebrate much of anything in 2020 ... 30 ... 29 ... Deftones – Ohms ... “I finally achieve balance,” Chino Moreno half-sings/half-screams on “Genesis,” a pummeling highlight from Deftones’ ninth album....
Deftones’ Chino Moreno and Toro y Moi remix Caroline Polachek’s ‘Hit Me Where It Hurts’
Caroline Polachek has shared a handful of remixes based on her 2019 album, ‘Pang’, including a Toro y Moi remix of ‘Hit Me Where It Hurts’ featuring Deftones‘ Chino Moreno. Compared to the original, the remix from Toro y Moi is far more haunting and sinister in feel ... Listen to the remix below. ... ....
Deftones – ‘Black Stallion’ review: a gnarly remix record that breathes new life into ‘White Pony’
Speaking to NME earlier this year, art-metal icons Deftones explained that they’d been so sure of their seminal third album, 2000’s game-changing ‘White Pony’, that they firmly believed US trip-hop visionary DJ Shadow would one day remix it for a sister album called ‘Black Stallion’....
Deftones Share Robert Smith Remix Of 'Teenager'
The Quietus 03 Dec 2020
The Cure's Robert Smith has remixed Deftones' 2000 track 'Teenager'....
The Cure’s Robert Smith Remixes Deftones ‘Teenager’ for Upcoming Black Stallion LP
The Deftones’ beloved White Pony LP is being remixed by a strong group of artists and will transform into Black Stallion next week ... The Cure’s Robert Smith, who lent his flair to the Deftones track “Teenager.”....
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Keats (crater)
Keats (band)
A surname or family name is a name added to a given name. In many cases, a surname is a family name and many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name". In the western hemisphere, it is commonly synonymous with last name because it is usually placed at the end of a person's given name.
In most Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, two or more last names (or surnames) may be used. In China, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, Taiwan, Vietnam, and parts of India, the family name is placed before a person's given name.
The style of having both a family name (surname) and a given name (forename) is far from universal. In many countries, it is common for ordinary people to have only one name or mononym.
The concept of a "surname" is a relatively recent historical development, evolving from a medieval naming practice called a "byname". Based on an individual's occupation or area of residence, a byname would be used in situations where more than one person had the same name.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Surname
Keats is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 107.85 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Keats is named for the English poet John Keats, who lived from 1795 to 1821.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Keats_(crater)
Keats was a short-lived British band which produced one eponymous album in 1984. It was an Alan Parsons Project offshoot. Its members were Colin Blunstone (vocals), Ian Bairnson (guitars), Pete Bardens (keyboards), David Paton (bass and backing vocals) and Stuart Elliott (drums and percussion).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Keats_(band)
'Keats' is featured as a movie character in the following productions:
Actors: Ben Bodecker (actor), Greg Burridge (actor), Cengiz Dervis (actor), Cheryl Burniston (actress), Brendan Carr (producer), Chris Regan (producer), Chris Regan (writer), Chris Regan (writer), Joss Albert (composer), Ross Boyask (director), Ross Boyask (editor), Lucy Campbell (miscellaneous crew), Lydia Kinsey (miscellaneous crew), Yasmin Padari (miscellaneous crew), Caitlin Wilcox (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A girl called Jackie, beaten and tied to a chair in a derelict building, must use all of her wits and courage if she hopes to survive the night against three terrifying attackers, who tell her that she'll never see her loved ones again. Will she escape? Will she survive? And will she be able to save the people she cares for more than anything in the world?
Genres: Action, Horror, Short, Thriller,
Taglines: What Would You Do, To Protect Your Family?
The Mask of James Henry (2011)
Actors: Gil Brousseau (actor), Alexandre Fournier (actor), Matthew Saliba (actor), Mélanie Elliott (actress), Ariel Rebel (actress), William Dio (producer), Steve Villeneuve (producer), William Dio (writer), Steve Villeneuve (writer), William Dio (director), Steve Villeneuve (director), William Dio (editor), Steve Villeneuve (editor),
Genres: Short, Thriller,
Love and Adventure in New York (2004)
Actors: James Darling (actor), James Davoren (actor), Joshua Hartsoe (actor), Randy C. Jones (actor), David Kaplan (actor), Kenneth Lee (actor), Andre Marrero (actor), Brian McCarty (actor), Carl Monego (actor), Chris Mongiardo (actor), Joerg Schaefer (actor), Shaun Sheley (actor), Ian Springer (actor), Katharine Heller (actress), Victoria Mack (actress),
Genres: Short,
Dread Poets' Society (1992)
Actors: Alan Cumming (actor), Dexter Fletcher (actor), Alex Jennings (actor), Timothy Spall (actor), Benjamin Zephaniah (actor), Emma Fielding (actress), Estelle Daniel (producer), George Faber (producer), David Stafford (writer), Roger Jackson (composer), Andy Wilson (director), John Mayes (editor),
Plot: Benjamin Zephaniah, renowned Rastafarian poet/rapper is traveling by train from Birmingham to Cambridge to receive his Creative Arts Fellowship sharing a carriage with a racist and philistine car spares salesman played by Timothy Spall; by chance the poets Keats, Byron, Shelley and writer Mary Shelley are transported from a séance they are conducting in The Villa Como by a freak electrical storm. AQ battle of wits, drug taking and poetry performance ensues!
Keywords: laudanum
Genres: Drama,
Our Time (1974)
Actors: James Brodhead (actor), Roderick Cook (actor), Cliff Emmich (actor), Lou Frizzell (actor), Michael Gray (actor), Jerry Hardin (actor), Ron Kolman (actor), Christopher Man (actor), Herbert Nelson (actor), George O'Hanlon Jr. (actor), Parker Stevenson (actor), Robert Walden (actor), Darrell Zwerling (actor), Carol Arthur (actress), Luke Andreas (actor),
Taglines: First love can be beautiful and tender. Sometimes it has consequences. Penfield was a New England girls school in 1955. The curriculum ranged from Latin to Etiquette .. From Shakespeare to Field Hockey. There were a few things the school didn't teach. That's what this movie is about. In 1955 there were a few things a fashionable girls school DIDN'T teach.
John Keats: His Life and Death (1973)
Actors: Frank Barrie (actor), Mark Dignam (actor), Richard Everett (actor), James Mason (actor), John Stride (actor), Petra Davies (actress), Janina Faye (actress), John Barnes (producer), John Barnes (writer), Archibald Macleish (writer), John Barnes (director), John Barnes (editor),
Genres: Biography, Drama, Family,
The Italian Job (1969)
Actors: Timothy Bateson (actor), Tony Beckley (actor), Rossano Brazzi (actor), Michael Caine (actor), Stanley Caine (actor), John Clive (actor), Noel Coward (actor), Barry Cox (actor), Simon Dee (actor), Arnold Diamond (actor), Fred Emney (actor), Richard Essome (actor), John Forgeham (actor), Benny Hill (actor), Harry Baird (actor),
Plot: Charlie's got a 'Job' to do. Having just left prison, he finds one of his friends has attempted a high risk job in Italy right under the nose of the Mafia. Charlie's friend doesn't get very far so Charlie takes over the 'Job'. Using three Mini Coopers, a couple of Jaguars and a bus, he hopes to bring Torino to a standstill, steal the Gold and escape.
Keywords: 16mm-film, airport, alps, anti-hero, armored-car, armored-car-robbery, armored-truck, assault, auto-theft, automobile
Genres: Action, Comedy, Crime, Thriller,
Taglines: Introducing the plans for a new business venture: "The Italian Job." This is the self preservation society
Tailor: [Charlie is being measured for a suit after his release from prison] We haven't seen you for a while, sir.::Charlie Croker: No, I've been away.::Tailor: Well, I'm glad you're out- er... back.
Miss Peach: [Camp Freddy has one of Miss Peach's cats on his lap] I shouldn't let her do that, dear. Gives them ideas.
Charlie Croker: You wouldn't hit a man with no trousers on, would you?
Mr Bridger: Does he really NEED all this equipment?::'Camp' Freddie: He SAYS he does...
Lorna: [after hearing a rapid knock at the door] It's the Law, Charlie!::Charlie Croker: What you tell 'em?::Lorna: Charlie, would I tell them anything?::Charlie Croker: ...Yes you would.
Professor Simon Peach: Are they big? I like 'em big!
Charlie Croker: It's a very difficult job and the only way to get through it is we all work together as a team. And that means you do everything I say.
[last lines]::Charlie Croker: Hang on, lads; I've got a great idea.
Garage Manager: You must have shot an awful lot of tigers, sir.::Charlie Croker: Yes, I used a machine gun.
[Arthur blows up a truck]::Charlie Croker: You're only supposed to blow the bloody doors off!
The Yellow Tomahawk (1954)
Actors: Warner Anderson (actor), Noah Beery Jr. (actor), James Best (actor), Robert Bray (actor), Rory Calhoun (actor), Ned Glass (actor), Peter Graves (actor), Walter Reed (actor), Dan Riss (actor), Patrick Sexton (actor), Lee Van Cleef (actor), Adam Williams (actor), Peggie Castle (actress), Rita Moreno (actress), Howard W. Koch (producer),
Genres: Western,
Taglines: An Indian Scout and a Blonde Wildcat . . . They Faced the Most Savage of All Indian Raids!
A varieté csillagai (1939)
Actors: Terry Carlton (actor), Béla Fáy (actor), Árpád id. Latabár (actor), Pál Jávor (actor), Zoltán Makláry (actor), Béla Mihályffi (actor), Gerö Mály (actor), Sándor Pethes (actor), Antal Páger (actor), Zoltán Szakáts (actor), Zoltán Várkonyi (actor), Tibor Óváry (actor), Bella Bordy (actress), Valéria Hidvéghy (actress), István Bársony (actor),
Matching books:
Keats: Poems Published in 1820
Letters of John Keats to His Family and Friends
Poems 1817
Keats ... Plus released: 1996
Keats released:
Keats ... Plus
How Can You Walk Away
Turn Your Heart Around
Hollywood Heart
Ask No Questions
Night Full of Voices
Turn Your Heart Around (single version)
How Can You Walk Away?
Interview with Alan Parsons and Ian Bairnson
johnkeats.com
Walking On Ice, Keats
I'm at one with the ocean.
I'm at one with the sea
And I can drown in my vision,
There's no one looking at me.
Walking on ice, is it mind over matter?
Walking on ice, doesn't matter to me.
Walking on ice, someone give me the answer!
Walking on ice, take the breath out of me!
Will I be following strangers?
Will they be following me?
Always looking for the answer,
They take the breath out of me!
Walking on ice, who can talk to the stranger?
Walking on ice, who would listen to me?
Walking on ice, does it matter to me?
Walking on ice.
(I'm walking on ice...)
(...saving all my love for life).
(I'm walking on ice, who would listen to me?).
Latest News for: keats
Wrexham manager Dean Keates to remind players of Covid protocols
BBC News 15 Jan 2021
Wrexham manager Dean Keates will talk to his players about the importance of observing Covid protocols. ....
Nominated For A Prestigious Design Award, This Living Organism Is Poised To Redesign Life Itself
Forbes 15 Jan 2021
Created by researchers at Tufts University and the University of Vermont, the xenobot is up for a Beazley Design Award at the Design Museum in London. As the world's first programmable life form, it's taking design into uncharted territory ... ....
Changes in Sub. S-hldr's Int (Section 138 of CA 2016) - MR TONY TAN CHOON KEAT (IGB Bhd)
Public Technologies 14 Jan 2021
). The text version of this document in not available ... Disclaimer ... (noodl. 56172168) ....
Art gallery spotlight: Keating Fine Art
Aspen Times 14 Jan 2021
The New West meets the Old West at Keating Fine Art, which opened its gallery in Old Town Basalt in 1998, relocating to downtown Aspen in 2009 before making its way back to Basalt — in Willits — in 2015 ... “We are surrounded by lots of beautiful things so take all the time you want to enjoy,” says owner Gordon Keating ... Visit Keating Fine Art....
St. Xavier High School's Keating Natatorium is set to receive a $5.5 million renovation
WCPO 14 Jan 2021
Xavier High School's Keating Natatorium is set to receive a $5.5 million renovation starting March 15 ... Keating Natatorium is home to the 41-time state champion AquaBombers and the Cincinnati Marlins club team ... Xavier High School's Keating Natatorium will have its locker rooms renovated starting in March with a scheduled completion in August....
New Found Intercepts 18.1 g/t Au over 6.5m including 38.7 g/t Over 2.95m in New "Sunday Zone" Discovery in the Appleton Fault Hanging Wall, 2 km North of Keats Zone
PR Newswire 14 Jan 2021
A number of observed features of this new discovery interval including the style of alteration and mineralization and the affiliation of high-grade gold with a breccia unit are reminiscent of what has been observed in high-grade drill intervals at Keats ... north of the Keats Zone....
Keating Resources continues to invest in the Black Hills
Black Hills Pioneer 13 Jan 2021
Alec Keating, partner with Keating Resources, said that the strategically located and designed building proved ideal for the company’s strategy to serve the growing business community between Spearfish and Rapid City....
Paul Keating lashes federal government for considering 'opt-in' superannuation
Sydney Morning Herald 13 Jan 2021
The former prime minister says the 'opt-in' super proposal being considered by the government has been "prompted by zealots in its back bench" .......
New Cincinnati City Councilwoman Liz Keating: 'I can sit around and complain. Or I can ...
Cincinnati 13 Jan 2021
Liz Keating never wanted to be a politician. But find out why the newest member of Cincinnati City Council changed her mind ... ....
To Expose The Bigotry Of AI, Artist Trevor Paglen Is Putting Computers On Trial
At the Carnegie Museum of Art, an artist famous for spying on spies turns his attention to the hidden agenda of artificial intelligence ... ....
ST Global Forum: Relook traditional mindsets on life as Singapore moves forward, says Heng Swee Keat
Straits Times 11 Jan 2021
SINGAPORE - For many people, life can be divided into three simple stages. study, work, retire. But this traditional mindset is due for a relook, said Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat on Monday (Jan 11). Working adults must continue to learn, while both seniors and young people now have many new challenges to engage in, he said ... Asia and Asean ... �....
50 Meter Step-Out Hole at Keats Intercepts Broad, Shallow, High-Grade Intervals: 22.5 g/t Au over ...
Canada Newswire 11 Jan 2021
NFGFF) is pleased to announce partial results from four diamond drill holes recently completed at the Keats Zone ("Keats") and six initial holes drilled at the Little-Powerline Zone ("Little-Powerline"), drilled as part of the Company's ongoing 200,000 m ......
50 Meter Step-Out Hole at Keats Intercepts Broad, Shallow, High-Grade Intervals: 22.5 g/t Au over 10.4m and 31.4 g/t Au over 15.9m
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Home » Articles » Live Review
Henry Threadgill at Tilton Gallery
By KURT GOTTSCHALK
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Henry Threadgill
Tilton Gallery
Plain as plain, in plain sight
Henry Threadgill is writing a memoir. Or has written it. Or is asking people to write it for him. It may be an audiobook. It might not be about the events of his life, but it seemingly is, or will be, about the events of Nov. 17 and 18. Or maybe none of this is true.
On Nov. 17 at the Tilton Gallery on Manhattan's Upper East Side (and again the following night at the Luhring Augustine Gallery in Chelsea), Threadgill presented excerpts from his memoir-in-progress in what was very much like a concert, with two basses, three cellos (including Marika Hughes and Christopher Hoffman, the latter a member of Threadgill's Zooid) and himself on flutes, along with prerecorded voices. And video. And orange and yellow cut-out human figures standing before the musicians.
The program, like the memoir-in-progress, took the name Plain as plain, in plain sight, just the sort of poetic twist of phrase Threadgill is so good at. Everything was laid out for the invited audience, but little was explained. Putting the pieces together was left to them. In fact, attendees were asked if they were willing to be contacted after the concert to give their impressions, which would comprise the final chapter of the book.
Threadgill has always been a perplexing and enigmatic figure. He has an unusual knack for suggesting stories without telling them. This is a man who had a band called "Very Very Circus" that recorded a composition titled "Jenkins Boys Again, Wish Somebody Die, It's Hot." He's quizzical to say the least.
But here he was, in part, quite direct. The readings (he seemed to read some live while others were prerecorded, although he was often obscured from view by the cut-out in front of him) were, for the most part, scenes from his life. They were not, however, scenes of great moments in a remarkable career. Instead, he spoke about everyday annoyances, about the obstructions of multi-tasking and the perils of technology, all delivered with a cynical humor.
"Things are happening now that are causing life to be very cloudy," he read at one point. He went on to consider a smartphone app that would help you find money on the ground, suggesting that would be a way to make them useful. Then, regarding GPS programs, he proclaimed that "the negotiation from one block to the next is just terrifying now. This is danger with a capital 'D.'" (The irony of three different cell phones ringing during the concert was likely missed by few in attendance.) "This is a real bad day for a pencil," he announced later. "This is a real good day for a smart car or a smart phone.
The evening began with an unaccompanied bass solo, then a video played in silence, showing Threadgill examining a pair of glass dice and other talismans and arranging them on a mirror laid flat. Pyramid, Virgin Mary, crescent, all reflected in the mirror and in his mirrored sunglasses. He exited the scene and we heard a cello trio, Threadgillian lines atop lines. The music stopped short and Threadgill initiated the first of his several readings. And so the program went, the parts laid bare. The readings, the video and music, could all have been presented at once, but this wasn't in the cards. Instead, they were dealt out one by one.
While the reading and video were unlike anything Threadgill has done publicly before, it was the music that was the most surprising. Fragmentary interludes that seemed more like soundtrack music, but they were divorced from the movie. Lilting strings, deep contrabass groundings, a resonant bass flute, a couple of engaging songs (with a singer on tape) all spoke in Threadgill's familiar tongue, but seemed like sketches. The presentation of Plain as plain, in plain sight may have been a work in progress or it may be something that'll never be seen again. The only thing plain about it was that there was nothing plain about it.
About Henry Threadgill
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Peter Zak Quartet at Smalls Jazz Club
By Mark Sullivan
Norwegian Digital Jazz Festival 2020, Part 3
By Victor L. Schermer
Mary Ellen Desmond: 'Comfort and Joy' 2020 Virtual Stream
The Bad Plus at Bijou Theatre
Nick Hempton Band Live & Loud
By Anthony Shaw
December jazz in Helsinki
By Henning Bolte
Enjoy Jazz and More 2020
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San Diego Entertainment Translation Services – Certified Mandarin, Punjabi and Tagalog subtitling and voiceovers
SAN DIEGO ENTERTAINMENT TRANSLATION SERVICES
The Entertainment Industry’s Increasing Need for Mandarin, Punjabi, Tagalog and Simplified Chinese Translation in the San Diego Area
In today’s fast paced world, foreign language services are needed more than ever. Demand for language services in Punjabi, Tagalog, Mandarin and Simplified Chinese among entertainment and media companies is increasing steadily in San Diego, where multinational companies and workforces are centered. Every form of language service is used by mass media companies and those services cover translation, transcription and interpreting. The entertainment industry encompasses mass media companies that create, organize, distribute and manufacture content which is seen worldwide in Tagalog, Mandarin, Punjabi and Simplified Chinese. From subtitling and voiceovers to localizing software for video games, the range of language services needed in the entertainment industry cover a very broad spectrum.
Experienced Voiceover Talent in Punjabi, Simplified Chinese, Mandarin and Tagalog Can Offer the Credibility Your San Diego Business Needs
The sophistication that is present in today’s audiences, especially in a diverse city like San Diego, has taken subtitling and voice over work to new heights. Language professionals doing subtitling work have specific computer software and hardware where the content is digitally stored on disks, making each frame immediately available. Besides creating the subtitles, the translator can tell the computer software the precise place where each subtitle should be located. The subtitling of Simplified Chinese, Mandarin, Punjabi and Tagalog that is necessary for non-native viewers to follow the stories is critical because no matter how excellent a film may be, the subtitles can either make or break the quality. Voiceover work in foreign languages is also a burgeoning area of the San Diego entertainment and media arena. Experienced voiceover talent in Mandarin, Tagalog, Punjabi or Simplified Chinese can offer the credibility and assurance that the message you’re trying to communicate in a video, presentation or broadcast is accurate and culturally correct. Command of their native language and listening comprehension are key ingredients to good voiceover projects. Whether you are doing subtitling or voiceover projects in San Diego, it is of utmost importance to work with a language service that can cover the technical and linguistic requirements of the job.
Language Providers Work with a Multitude of Formats for Quality Translations Experienced Entertainment
Media and entertainment companies are at the forefront of today’s global economy. San Diego is home to many of America’s most creative companies. Film producers, TV stations, radio stations and internet service providers are relaying incredible amounts of foreign content in Mandarin, Tagalog, Punjabi and Simplified Chinese, and it is growing daily. There are over 1,000 television stations in the US alone. Also, the rise of reality TV shows, documentaries, and other sorts of TV entertainment have provided work in the language field as well. Experienced entertainment language providers need to work in many kinds of formats including audio/video cassette, CDs, DVDs ,digital files, aac, avi, dss, mov,mp3, mp4, wav, wma and many more. No matter what the situation or deadline, a quality language provider must offer the fastest possible turnaround times and the most accurate work, especially in the entertainment industry, where operating at a fast pace is essential.
For a Fast and Free Quote Online, or to submit an order, please click on the service of interest below
What are your communication goals? Every company has specific objectives in mind. Our goal is to ensure that your goals are met. We will work with you in the time frame you require to achieve the success you desire.
AML-Global Provides a Full Range of International Multi-Language Communication Services in Mandarin, Tagalog, Punjabi and Simplified Chinese for the Entertainment and Mass Media Industries
Founded in 1985, United States based American Language Services ? (AML-Global) evolved from an intimate language school into the leading interpreting and translating agency it is today. AML-Global provides a full range of international multi-language communication services in Mandarin, Tagalog, Punjabi and Simplified Chinese for the entertainment and mass media industries. Whether language services are needed for webcasts, podcasts, interviews, film or television AML-Global can deliver impeccable quality and also offers its unique services in San Diego and worldwide. We deliver cost effective and timely solutions for all your language needs. Our language professionals are available 24 hours/ 7 days a week at 800 -951-5020.
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A person who fails a drug test is instantly placed under arrest and taken to jail for a brief stint. In some cases, a positive drug test ends in a defendant’s probation being revoked and a trip to prison.
South Dakota officials said they’ve seen success with 24/7 HOPE program.
“Every additional resource I can have available as a judge to help me make these people succeed on probation and keep my community safe, I’m in favor of,” Myren said last month.
Talks among state and judicial officials continue as they decide whether to expand the program to other circuits in South Dakota.
Parolee drug testing finds success in South Dakota
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Online Trade Magazine
Alternative Energy from Solar, Wind, Biomass,
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PROINSO opens new branch in Japan and participates in PV EXPO 2013 in Tokyo
Visit http://www.proinso.net for further information
� The new branch in Tokyo is joining the network of global branches supplying PV solar products. � At PROINSO they have increased trade in Asia since 2011, with branches in Australia, China, India, Southeast Asia and now Japan.
02/14/13, 03:53 AM | Solar & Wind
� After gaining entry to the Japanese market, PROINSO is participating in the PV Expo 2013 (Stand E45-24), to be held from 27 February to 1 March 2013 in Tokyo, with the aim of contacting potential customers and dealers in Japan. Over 125,000 people from 65 countries are expected to visit the trade show.
Lidar Enabled Wind Turbine Technology Increases Speed to Market While Reducing Both Mass and Cost of the Turbine
Unico Solar Investors, Excelsior Energy Capital and Namast� Solar break ground on four new community solar gardens totaling 8 MW
Panasonic's Residential Solar Products and Installer Program Reach More Homeowners in High Growth Solar Markets
AutoGrid Awarded $2.25 Million from ARPA-E for Expanding VPP Co-Optimization and Electric Vehicle Management Capabilities
Solar Wind Could Replace Solar Energy
S-5-PVKIT®2.0 & S-5-S Mini - KC Bailey Orchards Case Study
Panasonic Expands EverVolt™ Portfolio with New High Power, High Efficiency Solar Modules
How Effective Would Biden’s Alternative Energy Legislation Be?
Successful Cybersecurity in Transmission and Distribution/Oil & Gas
� In the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan turned to renewable energy sources, which are to gain in importance in the future.
� In late 2012, Japan had 7,000MW in installed solar power. PROINSO considers this country to be a strategic market.
14 February 2013. PROINSO, a global leader in the supply of PV solar products, has set up a new branch in Tokyo to begin operating in the Japanese solar PV market. Japan's solar PV market has a huge growth potential, because the country is turning to renewable energy.
Following the opening of the new branch, PROINSO will be one of the exhibitors at the PV Expo 2013 (Stand E45-24), to be held in Tokyo from 27 February to 1 March. The company's aim is to meet and reach business agreements with customers and installers, in a trade show that is expected to attract as many as 125,000 visitors from 65 countries and 1,890 exhibitors from home and abroad.
The new branch in Japan is in line with PROINSO's strategy to focus on new international markets, since the international business currently accounts for 88% of the company's total sales. In the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan implemented feed-in tariffs to promote renewable energy, expecting resulting drops in demand for nuclear power.
Besides, Japan is in the top-five ranking for countries with the largest PV solar capacity – 7,000MW installed as of late 2012. The market is expected to grow considerably over the next years, in a country where 800,000 new homes are built on an annual basis and where solar PV installations are 80% residential and 20% non-residential.
In the 2013-2016 period, Japan is expected to install about 13,000MW, thus reaching a total 20,000MW in 2016, while China, the uncontested leader in Asia-Pacific, is estimated to reach 21,100MW of installed capacity by the same year.
PROINSO's new branch in Japan adds to the network the company has in Greece, Italy, US, UK, Spain, Canada, China, Australia, India and Thailand.
Having delivered over 1,100MW in PV solar products, PROINSO has an International Network of Qualified Installers comprising 2,295 members around the world.//
PROINSO JAPAN
Level 28, Shinagawa Intercity Tower A
2-15-1 Konan Minato-Ku
Phone number: +81 (0) 3-6717-2743
Email: japan@proinso.net
ABOUT PROINSO www.proinso.net
An OPDE Group subsidiary, PROINSO specialises in the supply of PV modules, solar kits, inverters, fixed structures and solar trackers, batteries and battery chargers, solar solutions for urban applications in public areas, vehicle recharging stations, self-consumption installations, stand-alone PV power systems and monitoring systems.//
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Iron Edison Lithium Iron Battery
The Iron Edison Lithium Iron solar battery is fully compatible with popular battery-based inverters and is housed inside a rugged steel enclosure with integrated Battery Management System. Standard capacities range from 2 kWh to 42 kWh, with custom high-capacity and high-voltage models available for commercial applications like peak load shaving and UPS. The battery is designed and assembled at the company's headquarters just outside of Denver, Colorado. The Iron Edison Lithium Iron battery is an ideal replacement for lead-acid battery, with longer cycle life, smaller footprint, and maintenance-free operation. Residential applications include solar battery backup, grid-zero and off-grid energy storage. Commercial applications include high voltage battery backup, off-grid telecommunications power and peak load shaving. If you have any questions, please call us at 720-432-6433. We are happy to help!
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Consumer WebsiteeWaterways
The consumer site originally started life based on an existing bookable website that eWaterways had acquired which we modified to fit in with eWaterway's requirements. This interim site had its limitations and was soon superseded by a fully bookable consumer website that Altitude developed during 2009.
The consumer site is designed to show off the product content (taken from the Small Ships Register) and to make the booking process as easy as possible. This was quite a challenge as the product options are more complicated than traditional travel products.
Rather than build a booking engine from scratch, a decision was made to integrate with Intuitive's iVector booking engine via an XML API.
Since inception the site constantly evolved with hotel booking capability, a new Content Management System and integration with the PayPal payment engine.
www.ewaterways.com
Industry: Travel
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Showing 26 to 50 of 500 Articles in World News.
26. Obama on Putin and Cyberattacks, Syria
U.S. President Barack Obama says he explicitly told Russian President Putin to stop cyberattacks and warned of consequences for the attack during the U.S. presidential campaign. VOA correspondent Aru Pande has more on the president’s final news conference of 2016, where he also reflected on his administration’s policy in Syria as the situation in Aleppo worsens. ... (read more)
27. Transcript of President's News Conference
Here is a transcript of President Barack Obama's news conference, held Friday in the Brady Press Briefing Room at the White House: THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. This is the most wonderful press conference of the year. I've got a list of who’s been naughty and nice to call on. (Laughter.) But let me first make a couple of quick points, and then I’ll take your questions. Typically, I use this year-end press conference to review how far we’ve come... ... (read more)
28. UN Peacekeepers to Stay in South Sudan Through 2017
The United Nations Security Council has unanimously extended its peacekeeping mission in South Sudan for another year. The U.S.-drafted resolution says the council also will consider "appropriate measures" including an arms embargo against South Sudan to address continuing violence in the country. 4,000 troops added to mission The new mission covers a new regional force of 4,000 troops, approved in August but not yet deployed, in addition to the approximately 13,000... ... (read more)
29. Attack in Burkina Faso Leaves 12 Soldiers Dead
Suspected Islamic extremists attacked an army barracks Friday in Burkina Faso, killing at least 12 soldiers, officials said. The officials said about 40 unidentified gunmen stormed the army post in Nassoumbou, a town near the border with Mali. The assailants also set fire to military vehicles and tents, they said. There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack. President Roch Marc Christian Kabore called the assailants "forces of evil." He was to... ... (read more)
30. North Carolina GOP Strips Some of Democratic Governor's Power
North Carolina Republicans stripped the incoming Democratic governor of some of his authority Friday and they were on the cusp of an even greater power grab, an extraordinary move that critics said flies in the face of voters. Just last week, it appeared Republicans were ready to finally accept Democrats' narrow win in a contentious governor's race. As it turns out, they weren't done fighting. In a surprise special session in the dying days of the old administration, some say... ... (read more)
31. Clinton Cites Putin's 'Beef' Against Her in Election-related Hacks
Hillary Clinton is blaming Russian interference for her loss in the U.S. presidential election, saying Russian President Vladimir Putin may have wanted to meddle in the race because of a "personal beef" against her. Clinton, who has kept a low profile since her election defeat in November, made the remarks to campaign donors in New York City on Thursday night. According to audio recordings of the event, first reported by The New York Times, Clinton said, "Putin... ... (read more)
32. After Record Week, US Stocks Close Lower
U.S. stocks closed in the red on Friday, but the losses follow a week that saw all-time highs in the S&P 500, Dow Jones industrial average and Nasdaq. The Dow closed higher for six straight weeks in a row as it continues to flirt with the key 20,000 level. FOMC As was expected, the Federal Reserve's policy making arm, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), decided to raise rates by 0.25 percent at the conclusion of its two-day meeting Wednesday. The move had been fully... ... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (Jill Malandrino)
33. Navalny Calls Minsk Accords a Priority if Elected Russian President
Russian opposition leader Aleksei Navalny has followed his declaration of intent to run in Russia’s next presidential election by saying one of his top priorities if elected would be to implement the Minsk accords aimed at ending the conflict in Ukraine. ... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (RFE/RL)
34. Families Of Slain Pakistani Children Mark Second Anniversary Of Massacre
Parents of Pakistani children killed in the 2014 attack on a Peshawar school gathered Friday to mark the second anniversary of the massacre. The attack by Taliban militants on Peshawar’s Army Public School killed 150 people, mostly children. Pakistan’s army chief, General Qamar Javed Bajwa, told parents gathered at the school Friday that the violence against innocent children was an attack "on humanity" and was one of the most painful and unforgettable moments in... ... (read more)
35. American Accused in Massive Wall Street Cybertheft Deported, Faces US Charges
An American man whom U.S. prosecutors have accused of organizing the largest known cyberattack on Wall Street was arrested and appeared in U.S. court this week after being deported from Russia to the United States. Lawyers for Joshua Aaron, 32, confirmed that he arrived in New York around midday Wednesday aboard a commercial flight from Moscow. He made his first U.S. federal court appearance Thursday, where he pleaded not guilty to charges of orchestrating the hack. U.S. prosecutors... ... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (Mike Eckel, Carl Schreck, RFE/RL)
36. Glenn Lies in Repose at Ohio Capitol for Public Goodbye
John Glenn's home state and the nation began saying goodbye to the beloved astronaut Friday, starting with a public viewing of his flag-draped casket inside Ohio's Statehouse rotunda. Politicians, including Secretary of State John Kerry, and citizens from across the country paid their respects to the first American to orbit Earth, as a somber Marine honor guard kept watch. The normally festive holiday decor was bedecked with black buntings, and the windows were covered in... ... (read more)
37. Rescue Divers Find Empty Cabin; 9 Azerbaijani Oil Workers Still Missing
Divers searching for nine Azerbaijani oil workers missing after the partial collapse of a Caspian Sea oil platform have found a cabin used by workers during resting shifts. But the cabin found on the sea floor was empty, Azerbaijan's state oil company SOCAR said Friday. SOCAR said the cabin was swept into the sea by heavy winds Thursday. The body of one worker was found later that day, but nine men remain missing. President Ilham Aliyev signed a resolution Friday... ... (read more)
38. Moscow Refuses To Allow Human Rigths Protest Near Turkmenistan's Embassy
Moscow city authorities have refused to allow human rights activists to stage a protest in front of Turkmenistan's embassy on Monday in support of jailed Turkmen journalists. The Memorial Human Rights Center said on Friday that city officials justified their refusal by saying the protest could affect "heavy public transport flow" in the area close to the embassy. Memorial says the refusal was politically motivated. An application to conduct the protest was filed by... ... (read more)
39. Yazidis, Displaced by IS, Celebrate Religious Feast
As U.S.-backed Iraqi forces push against Islamic State in Mosul, displaced Yazidis hold an annual religious festival in refugee camps. VOA's Kawa Omar reports. ... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (Kawa Omar)
40. UN's Ban Calls Aleppo 'Synonym for Hell' in Final News Conference
Outgoing U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on Friday referred to Aleppo, Syria, as a "synonym for hell" during his final news conference before stepping down at the end of the year. "We have collectively failed the people of Syria. Peace will only prevail when it is accompanied by compassion, justice and accountability for the abominable crimes we have seen," Ban said. Earlier Friday, the Syrian government suspended an evacuation operation to move civilians out of... ... (read more)
41. 12-Year-Old Boy Allegedly Tries to Bomb German Christmas Market
German prosecutors say they are investigating a case in which a 12-year-old boy allegedly tried to set off a home-made nail bomb at a Christmas market. Officials said Friday that the German-born boy of Iraqi parents allegedly tried to detonate the bomb at a market in the southern city of Ludwigshafen last month and then planted another explosive device near the city's town hall a few days later. Focus Magazine, which first reported the case, said the boy is believed to have been... (read more)
42. December 16, 2016
43. Trump Meets with Homeland Security Head, Tweets about DNC Hacking
U.S. President-elect Donald Trump met Friday with Department of Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson, days after the state of Georgia asked the incoming president to investigate "failed cyberattacks" on a computer network that have been traced to DHS. Georgia Secretary of State Brian Kemp, whose agency oversees voting in the state, said DHS was responsible for multiple cyberattacks on his agency's network shortly before and after the November 8 presidential... ... (read more)
44. US Hits Russian Tanks Seized by Islamic State Near Palmyra
The U.S.-led coalition fighting Islamic State in Syria and Iraq has destroyed 14 Russian tanks captured from Russian and Syrian military forces near the city of Palmyra. Pentagon spokesman Navy Capt. Jeff Davis told reporters Friday coalition airstrikes also targeted three artillery systems, two Islamic State-held buildings, two tactical vehicles and Russian anti-aircraft guns that had been captured by the militants. The equipment was destroyed in the vicinity of an airfield northeast... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (Carla Babb)
45. US Increases Reward on IS Leader to $25 Million
The United States has more than doubled — to $25 million — the reward for information leading to the capture of Islamic State leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The U.S. State Department's Rewards for Justice program announced the increase Friday from $10 million, saying the threat Baghdadi poses has increased significantly in recent years. The reward will be paid to anyone who can offer "information leading to the location, arrest or conviction" of the militant. "Under... ... (read more)
46. Russia Says Aleppo Evacuation Complete, Syrian Opposition Accuses Iranian Militias of Massacre
Russia said the operation to evacuate civilians and insurgents from eastern Aleppo has been completed, but opposition leaders say there are tens of thousands remaining in once rebel-held neighborhoods and accuse Iranian militias and Hezbollah of executing several men in the last convoy to leave the city. According to Syrian opposition leaders, a convoy that left Aleppo Friday carrying 800 people, including rebel fighters, was stopped by Iranian-commanded militias in the Jisr al-Haj... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (Jamie Dettmer)
47. Computers in Class Bring Down Tests Scores
Having the world at your fingertips through the Internet was touted as a revolution in education, but a new study suggests Internet in the classroom is linked to poorer test scores. Writing in the journal Psychological Science, researchers at Michigan State University say the trend of lower test scores was seen even with the “most intelligent and motivated” students. For the study, the researchers observed laptop use of 127 students in an introductory psychology class. They found... ... (read more)
48. Volunteer elves answer letters to Santa Claus
49. The Correspondents
The Correspondents is VOA’s weekly discussion of the world’s top stories, as seen through the eyes of our dedicated reporters in the US and around the globe. Hosted by Mil Arcega, our panel of journalists goes beyond the headlines to give listeners and viewer real context and understanding of what’s driving the story. ... (read more)
50. 'Tis The Season to be Festive with Big Movie Productions
This holiday season has a lot of offerings for moviegoers who may feel like celebrating with a film full of special effects, nods to Hollywood classics, A-list actors, thrills, action and of course, romance. Some of these films will also dominate the awards season after the new year. For reasons of clarity, we want to note that this list includes only some of what’s in theaters right now and mainly represents the bigger, bolder, glitzier productions. We’ll reserve the higher brow... (read more)
Author: webdesk@voanews.com (Penelope Poulou)
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Baby Yoda is coming to Build-A-Bear stuffed with the Force
But patience you must have since they're not out yet.
Philip Berne
Source: Build-A-Bear
Build-A-Bear will offer a stuffed version of The Child ( also known as Baby Yoda) from The Mandalorian.
The new plush will be available in a few months.
No official plush Baby Yoda merchandise is available yet.
Build-A-Bear will be among the earliest flock of Baby Yoda plush options when everyone's favorite new Ewok replacement finally hits store shelves. Business Insider quotes Build-A-Bear CEO Sharon Price John who said, "we will be one of the first companies to provide the digital and internet phenomenon who is trending higher than all the presidential candidates combined." John provided no further availability except to say the new plush would be available in the next few months.
Though The Mandalorian revealed the character who would become known as Baby Yoda back in November, to keep the reveal a secret Disney decided to hold off on churning merchandise through the retail chain, so no offciial toys have been available so far, though intrepid Etsy makers and others have stepped in. Pricing was also not available, though most of the Star Wars Build-A-Bears cost around $35. John says that Build-A-Bear "started this process almost with the first episode," and the CEO showed a prototype Baby Yoda at the ICR Conference for investors in Orlando, Florida.
The Build-A-Bear leader also revealed that the chain sees more sales going to older age groups than one might expect. Half of its sales go to tweens, teens, and adults. Of course, licensing partnerships drive much of the adult online sales, and grown-ups can indulge in bears from such adult content as Deadpool, National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation, and My Little Pony.
Every Baby Yoda Toy and Collectible You Can Buy
Isn't he the cutest?
Sport your love for The Mandalorian with these Baby Yoda tees
Baby Yoda is one of the best new characters from Disney's hit show The Mandalorian, and while official merch for him is sparse, there's plenty of amazing fan apparel available based on the character. Here are our favorites.
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Score three games for the price of two in GameStop's pre-owned sale
Choosing pre-owned games over brand new copies is almost always the smartest way to build up your game collection — especially if you're on a budget. You can score a serious discount that way, and with GameStop's current sale on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One pre-owned games offering three games for the price of two, the savings are even better than usual. Shipping at GameStop is free on orders totaling $35 or more.
The best way to use this discount is to add three games that are all around the same price to your cart. Whichever item is priced the lowest will be the one that becomes free once you reach checkout, so you might not want to buy two expensive games and one cheap one.
PlayStation 4 and Xbox One Pre-Owned Video Game sale
Add a few new titles to your collection at a discount with this 'buy 2, get 1 free' sale at GameStop on pre-owned PlayStation 4 and Xbox One games. Choose between recent releases and older classics while supplies last.
See at GameStop
Home Theater Essentials sale
Prices Vary 1609601452
Now's your chance to save on a new smart TV, soundbar, home theater audio system, and more thanks to this one-day sale at Woot.
SanDisk, Crucial, PNY & more microSD cards, portable SSDs, and more
Up to 30% off 1608204638
Brands represented include SanDisk, Crucial, PNY, and more. There's a wide variety of options with capacities between 128GB and 12TB. Grab a microSD for your security camera, an external hard drive for your desktop, or a portable SSD for the road.
Best Buy Green Monday sale on 4K TVs, laptops, earbuds, and more
Various Prices 1607945304
Save $120 on a TCL Android TV. Take $500 off the Lenovo Yoga C940 laptop. Get the Powerbeats Pro true wireless earbuds for $150. There are over a dozen or so ways to save in this sale, but the deals will only last through the end of the day.
Sweetnight, Sleep Innovations, Leesa and more Memory Foam mattresses and toppers
The brands include Sweetnight, Sleep Innovations, Leesa, and more. The deals cover 10 to 14-inch memory foam mattresses, some toppers, and more. It's all down to low prices with some hitting all-new lows.
Up to 45% off Motorola, Samsung, LG, and more
Limited Time Only 1602659365
Celebrate Prime Day with a new Android phone at up to 45% off the original cost! This selection at Amazon has discounts on devices by Motorola, LG, Samsung, and Sony, including both unlocked and locked devices while supplies last.
This sale on pre-owned games at GameStop isn't just on older titles either. You can find recently released games like NBA2K20, Madden NFL 20, and Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 in the mix for both PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. There might not be a huge discount on these new releases in comparison to their brand new price, but thanks to today's offer, if you're purchasing three which all cost around $55, you'd only pay $110 rather than $165. Most of the pre-owned games in the sale are more affordable than that.
PowerUp Rewards members with an active, paid membership will also receive a 10% discount on their purchase. If you're a regular GameStop customer, there's no reason why you shouldn't be a member as you'll consistently receive discounts like this and it all adds up. Sign up today for just $14.99 per year and you'll even receive a Print or Digital magazine subscription to Game Informer along with extra Trade-In credit and more.
GameStop's pre-owned games are more limited in stock than brand new copies, so be sure to head to their website and search through the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One pre-owned game sections to get your order placed ASAP.
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Discovery+ streaming service launching in January with up to a free year for Verizon subscribers
Series from Food Network, Trvl Channel, others available from January 4
Jules Wang
11:19am PST Dec 2, 2020
Discovery, the name behind broadcast brands like the Food Network and Animal Planet, has announced that it will launch a non-fiction streaming catalogue of more than 2,500 programs called Discovery+ starting January 4. In the U.S., Verizon customers who sign onto new home and wireless internet plans will get up to 12 months of viewing for free.
Over 55,000 episodes of non-fiction content will be available to stream from the Discovery portfolio, including:
A+E
Magnolia Network
NowThis
Trvl Channel
Discovery+ will also include original series as well as nature documentary anthologies including The Mating Game, Planet Earth, and Blue Planet licensed from the BBC. The service is set for an initial rollout in 25 countries over the next year with special sign-on promotions to consumers streaming through Sky in the U.K. and Ireland and TIM in Italy, and is an official streaming broadcaster for the 2021 Olympics in Tokyo in most European markets.
In the U.S., it will be available across most though yet-to-be-named OTT platforms comes with an ad-supported tier for the price of $4.99 per month and ad-free tier at $6.99.
Verizon customers are eligible to receive ad-free Discovery+ viewing at no additional charge depending on what services they subscribe to:
New customers to Verizon 5G Home Internet or Fios Gigabit Connection - 12 months
New and existing customers on Play More or Get More Unlimited wireless plans - 12 months
New and existing customers on Verizon Unlimited, Above, Beyond, Do More, Go, and Start Unlimited wireless plans - 6 months
New Fios customers on lesser plans - 3 to 6 months, depending on plan
You can now attach a webcam to your Fire TV Cube to enjoy video calls on the big screen
Amazon's Alexa-enabled hi-fi amp on sale for a record low $210 ($90 off)
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S H O R T S T O R Y
THE HAUNTING OF THOMAS LONGBULL
b y w a y n e u d e ~ w h i d b e y i s l a n d , w a s h i n g t o n
THOMAS LONGBULL has been in town for a week now, drinking, even though Blunt can't get at him any longer. There are some who don't believe it will end even yet; the story's already spreading that Longbull has had a second shadow ever since he found Blunt's body. That's hard to judge, since Longbull stays in the bar's dark corner, sleeps on the floor when the place closes -- what bartender would dare throw a witch out at closing, or deny him the floor for sleep?
Of course, Longbull brought it all on himself. For forty years he'd been claiming to be a witch, all that time using the threat of his witchcraft to get people to do things for him. I've seen him at it, dozens of times, maybe hundreds; everyone has. Usually he'd choose a clinic day here at the hospital, when people were waiting to see the doctors and he could be fairly sure of finding the person he wanted to do business with. He'd walk up and ask the loan of something -- a tool, maybe, or a horse, or a pickup, or a crew to do some work around his ranch. He never asked for more than a loan: claimed his powers wouldn't let him keep things. While he asked for whatever it was, he'd stare at you as though he were looking for paths into your body.
That's how witch power works: he'd find a path into your body, and then go home and take a tiny bit of feather, or a splinter of wood no bigger than a fingernail clipping -- one of your fingernail clippings if he could get it, or a hair off your head -- and he'd talk to it a while, then blow on it. It would disappear, and you -- the person who'd refused him -- you'd feel a sharp pain along that path he'd seen into your body. No matter how far away you were, you'd feel it. The pain would settle in at the end of the path, and would come and go from then on. People who thought he'd witched them said you could tell he'd blown in something small and sharp like a splinter or a hair.
But a witch like Longbull was supposed to be doesn't just threaten and hurt; he can do a nice business in love potions, in charms to protect babies from scars and birthmarks, in divining for lost property -- that sort of thing. Personally, I think it's all a hoax. A young fellow gets a love potion, and starts acting like there's some reason a girt should be interested in him, instead of acting like some young stud horse just in from the mountains who's never seen a mare before. Since the girl isn't used to seeing a young fellow act sensible, she can't help thinking he's something special -- and she's right. Pretty soon she's chasing him, just a little, the way he's chasing her, and he's thinking that love potion worked pretty good.
No, I think this witch stuff is mostly just a lot of suggestion and fear -- though I must admit I didn't have this ulcer until I'd said no to Longbuit once myself. I'm the Sanitarian here for the Public Health Service -- my office is just off the corridor leading to the Clinic -- and that means I not only do inspections and things like that, but I'm also in charge of the crew that digs cesspools and puts in cisterns for Federal and Tribal buildings.
What Longbull wanted to borrow from me was a crew and about twenty thousand dollars worth of equipment to dredge out the cesspool on his place, so he wouldn't have to hire it done. He came up to me right in the middle of Clinic one day, didn't even ask me in the privacy of my own office, but out in the hall where there were a good dozen people to hear us. He asked, and then stood there, looking at my belly. There's a good deal of belly to look at, hanging over my belt the way it does -- I watch my weight, but like the fella says, I like to have it right out in front where I can keep an eye on it.
Anyway, Longbull was standing there, staring into me, and I could see why he scared people when he did that. If I'd been superstitious, I'd have said I could feel his gaze slipping up the lanes into my guts. But it didn't make any difference to me; I told him no, and the people around us kind of didn't say anything, and neither did he, so I just walked away. This ulcer's from too much coffee and too many cigarettes, maybe a little extra booze as well, and I don't care where my wife thinks I got it. It calms down when I leave those things alone, and that's good enough for me, only I don't leave them alone often enough.
Back before he'd gotten mixed up with Blunt, Longbull's borrowing had that run-down old place of his fixed up the way he'd wanted it, and he'd decided to go into cattle. He went around and borrowed a cow from each of his neighbors, and then went out and borrowed a bull. After a while the cows had calved, and he returned them and the bull to their owners. That left him with about twenty calves, mostly heifers. He borrowed a castrator and a crew to work it, turned all but one of his young bulls into steers, and sold them to a feed lot. A few years later he was breeding his heifers to his bull and getting along fine; then he got ambitious to improve his herd.
Old Blunt had about the best bull on the Reservation, so one day during Clinic, Longbull came up and asked to borrow that bull. Old Blunt just laughed and told him to go peddle love potions, and Thomas Longbull stood there staring into Blunt's belly until Blunt actually pushed him away.
Well, Blunt started having stomach pains -- most of us learned that only later -- though it was maybe as much as a year before he got the cancer diagnosed: a big, ugly sonofabitch tumor that had already spread its poison all through his guts.
None of us knew about that tumor the day Blunt came out of the doctor's office looking madder than hell; we figured the doctor had told him something he didn't want to hear, maybe that he was sixty and it was natural his body would slow down a little bit.
Blunt came stomping out of the doctor's office, and then he stopped and looked around until he saw Longbull, who'd been sitting in the waiting room, not even bothering to borrow anything from anyone. Blunt came over, his shoulders hunched and his face red, looking like he was going to punch Longbull first and talk to him later. The rest of us were kind of hoping he would, and kind of hoping he wouldn't. But before he got there, Longbull stood up and asked, like it was what he'd been waiting for all morning, "You about ready to loan me that bull?"
Now I don't think Longbull had any idea what was going on. He'd probably been waiting for someone who hadn't shown up, saw Blunt coming out of the doctor's office and thought he'd take credit for whatever bad news Blunt had gotten. He must have figured to make himself a little more fearsome; any damn fool would have known Blunt wasn't going to loan him that bull. And if he'd stopped to think, Longbull'd have realized that if Blunt did loan him the bull, he'd have to come through with a cure. Even a real witch -- if there is such a thing -- is too cautious to promise a cure before he knows what's wrong. And nobody messes with cancer.
Well, when Blunt heard that question he just stopped -- stopped cold, you might say. His face came back to its natural color, and then it went pale and he straightened up and the tension went right out of him. Instead of saying anything, he just stared at Longbull for a long while, like he was looking to see where Longbull could be hurt the most. Then he turned away and walked out, just like that, without saying anything.
Nobody said anything -- witches' business isn't something people like to talk about. Pretty soon Longbull left, too, got into his pickup -- he owned one, by then -- and drove home. I don't think he had any idea what he'd gotten himself into, even later when word went around that it was cancer Blunt was so angry about. Longbull was probably just thankful that Blunt hadn't offered to trade the bull for a cure.
But Longbull should have been expecting trouble. Blunt had a good deal of money, and he had already settled his kids on places of their own, so there was no reason not to spend a little of that money getting even. And to tell the truth, a lot of us wanted to see someone put the squeeze on Longbull, just once.
Blunt's first move surprised everyone: he bought the ranch next to that place Longbull had been so long fixing up, and he flew in a high-priced lawyer. Most of us figured he planned to start suing over things like boundaries and water rights, but a few thought he'd burn Longbull out, with the lawyer on hand to keep him out of jail long enough to die at home. Some said Blunt planned to settle a witch on the new ranch, with the lawyer here to draw up a deed conditional on the witch keeping after Longbull for the rest of Longbull's life.
Apparently Longbull expected the witch; people began to see him up in the hills, gathering herbs they figured he planned to use in the fight, and he even began to get strange-smelling packages at the post office, most of them mailed from Arizona and southern California. Then the lawyer started digging around in old records, and we figured it was going to be boundaries and water rights, after all. We were sure of it when Blunt himself moved onto the new ranch. Personally, I was disappointed he hadn't brought in a witch, since it probably would have scared Longbull to death to have the real thing living next door; but Blunt knew what he was doing better than any of us could have understood.
It didn't seem that way at first, though. Blunt had set out to haunt Longbull -- to really haunt him, the way a ghost would; he said he figured he was no better than a ghost now anyway. Blunt would come slipping through the brush just at dark, hooting like an owl well enough so Longbull couldn't be sure it wasn't real, and then he'd rattle the door and windows of Longbull's cabin and disappear into the brush before Longbull could catch him. Or he'd climb on the roof and whistle down the chimney; sometimes he'd piss down the chimney instead, putting out the fire and causing the devil's own stench. Other times he'd turn Longbull's irrigation into fields Longbull didn't want irrigated, or he'd let all the stock out, maybe break down a section of fence so Longbull would have some work to do before he could keep stock in that field again. Once he put the well bucket on the barn's ridgepole, then chopped up the ladder so Longbull had to borrow one somewhere to get his well bucket down. And whenever Longbull would leave the place, Blunt would break into the cabin and make a mess out of it -- everything taken out of its proper place and thrown on the floor, pillows slashed and their feathers scattered, eventually even the windows broken and the door wrenched off its hinges.
After Blunt had done all the things he'd ever heard of a ghost doing he made up a few of his own, like taking Longbull's machinery apart, motor and all, and scattering the pieces over the yard. It got to where Longbull couldn't leave the place, and couldn't sleep nights for worrying about what Blunt might be doing out there in the dark.
We all thought Blunt would give it up after a while, but he didn't. The pain was getting bad, I guess, and must have been a pretty constant reminder of why he was doing all this. Longbull tried the police, of course, but by the time they got a squad car up to his cabin, Blunt had faded into the brush so they could never catch him doing anything. You can hear a car coming for a long time up that canyon.
After the second time Longbull called the police, Blunt's fancy lawyer let him know there was some question about the water rights and even the title to his ranch, and if Longbull didn't want to be tied up in court for the next ten years he'd better leave the police out of it. That lawyer also let the Tribe know he was primed and ready to throw subpoenas and lawsuits every which way on charges of harassment, false arrest, interference with Blunt's civil rights, and every other damn thing. He wouldn't have won any of these cases, though he'd have kept the Tribe tied up in court for several thousand dollars worth if they tried to stop Blunt.
Longbull was still one of us, but he wasn't popular enough around the Reservation for the Tribe to put up for his sake with a lawyer threatened, and even if Longbull had called the police a third time they wouldn't have answered. A charge of malicious haunting against Blunt probably wouldn't have stood up in court anyway, even without a high-priced lawyer defending him.
By then we'd all heard that Blunt was practicing up for when he became a real ghost, wouldn't be limited by his body any longer, and could get down to serious haunting. Not right away, of course; it would take a while to find out just what he could and couldn't do as a ghost, and he thought he'd hold off until he'd found out how to go after Longbull's witchery. That was what he really wanted, because it was what Longbull had used to kill him, to make him a ghost in the first place, even though he wasn't dead yet.
Word was out: people began to use up or put away the potions and charms and things they'd bought from Longbull, and not many were coming around to order anything new. The whole thing was sounding a little strange to me, since Blunt had never been one to believe in witches and ghosts and all that sort of thing; that's why he'd refused to lend the bull to start with. I figured the shock and then the pain had driven him maybe a little crazy, or maybe he had to have someone to blame for his death. Anyway, I kept listening to the gossip about what was going on out there.
It might seem that a real witch could have done something to stop Blunt, but that's not how witchery works. If a witch kills at all, it's got to be something long, slow, and painful, like what was happening to Blunt. If Longbull had already killed Blunt that way, there just wasn't anything more he could do except maybe attack Blunt's family, and even that wouldn't have stopped Blunt toward the end.
The cancer got worse, of course; it had long since broken through Blunt's stomach lining to stick out from his left side. Blunt was in pain all the time. He couldn't sleep, couldn't even talk coherently, but just raged through the brush day and night, cursing Longbull at the top of his voice, and scaring the livestock so Longbull's hens quit laying, his cows quit giving milk, and one that was carrying a calf aborted. No one would come near the place for any reason, for fear of meeting Blunt on the road, white with the pain and gibbering and moaning like a real ghost already. He didn't even move like a human that last month, but kind of scrabbled sideways, doubled up against the pain in his side, his left arm bent across his stomach, his right arm acting like a third leg to help him along. He slept, if at all, wherever he happened to be when exhaustion overcame pain for a while.
All around the Reservation, those spells people did buy from Longbull were going wrong. It wasn't that they didn't work, but that they worked too well. People began to say that the last divinings Longbull did before Blunt scared his few customers away not only found what he'd been after, but also turned up things his customers would have preferred to keep hidden; then a baby whose mother had gotten a protective charm from him was born without birthmarks, all right, but missing a couple of fingers as well; and two boys who'd used his love charms found themselves having to get married. Every spell Longbull cast went like that, as though something had upset the balance; and Blunt wasn't even dead yet, though that wasn't far off, as things turned out.
One of a sanitarium's duties here is to look after any dead bodies left lying around the Reservation, so it was natural Longbull would come to me when he found Blunt. He didn't call, but came into my office in person; I was struck by how bad he looked -- pale, tired, downright gaunt. And his voice was raspy when he told me he'd gotten up that morning to peace and quiet for the first time in weeks, and after a while he'd realized that something must have happened to Blunt. At first he didn't want to go looking, but about noon decided he'd better. He'd found the body lying across a path Blunt had worn between their two houses, just on Blunt's side of the property line. He said it looked like Blunt had been crawling at the last.
I'd have thought Longbull would have looked at least a little relieved to finally have it over with, but he didn't; he just looked like a man who'd finally seen something he'd been watching for too long.
Longbull took me back to Blunt's place. We were standing over the body when I noticed for the first time that faint second shadow, the one I still think was caused by the sun's reflection off that chalk butte out there. I didn't think much of it at all until Longbull suddenly looked down and kind of jumped. About then an owl hooted off in the trees, which was a funny sort of thing to happen in the middle of an afternoon, and Longbull took off like something was chasing him.
It wasn't until later I learned he'd gone to that bar in town. And he did go directly from Blunt's into town; the people who say he stayed around the ranch for a while, and found out that Blunt really was still haunting him, are just plain wrong. I was there, and Longbull didn't wait to find out.
I'd called Blunt's kids before I left my office -- I shouldn't call them kids; the youngest is thirty, and all four have families of their own now -- and waited for them to show up before I did more than arrange the body so it didn't look too bad. Blunt's lawyer came along, too, with Blunt's burial instructions. Nothing about them was legal, but the kids didn't object -- they didn't say anything the whole time, as a matter of fact -- and I decided to go along with the lawyer.
We buried Blunt about where he'd fallen, in a coffin he'd kept on the porch roof where Longbull would see it from his own front steps every time he looked that way. We buried Blunt with no services, no embalming, nothing that might allow Longbull to hope Blunt's spirit might be at peace in the afterworld, wherever that might turn out to be; all that was in the instructions, too.
Then we all settled back to see what would happen next, and we're still settled. Longbull spent the week in that dim barroom, with people whispering and trying to see the shadows in the corner behind him. Sometime, they say, he's going to have to come back out into daylight. I think it no longer matters how many shadows he has; Longbull will take care of the haunting all by himself. All by himself: that's probably what he wishes he could be, but it's something Thomas Longbull will never be again.
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Home / Food Services / Baking / Modernist Bread: The Art and Science
Modernist Bread: The Art and Science
Modernist Bread: The Art and Science is a revolutionary new understanding of one of the most important staples of the human diet.
Created by the team that published the award-winning Modernist Cuisine: The Art and Science of Cooking, this massive treasury of practical knowledge and groundbreaking techniques captures over four years of independent research and collaborations with leading industry professionals; the result is the most in-depth look at bread to date.
Stunning photography brings the complete story of bread to life across five volumes-uncover its incredible history, loaves from every corner of the world, and the breath-taking beauty of scientific phenomena at work above and below the crust. In addition, you will discover innovative recipes and techniques developed by the Modernist Cuisine team that have not been published anywhere else.
Housed in a sleek stainless steel case, this five-volume set contains more than 1,500 traditional and avant-garde recipes, as well as a wire-bound kitchen manual so that you can easily bring all of the recipes into the kitchen in one compact collection.
Spanning over 2,300 pages, Modernist Bread will become an invaluable resource for anyone who has a thirst for knowledge about bread or wants to advance their craft. This book is a call to arms for any baker – whether you are a strict traditionalist, avid modernist, restaurant chef, or an artisanal baker – to embrace the
possibilities of invention and follow your inspiration to make breads in your own way.
Modernist Bread: The Art and Science quantity
Mastering Pizza
Opening & Operating a Retail Bakery
Bouchon Bakery
In the Hands of a Baker
Our network of resources for the food & retail industry
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Performer Matches: Arc Angels, The Black Angels
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With a new production of the "American Tribal Love-Rock Musical" Hair, director Dave Steakley caps 10 years of making the Zachary Scott Theatre Center rock -- and so much more.
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"...exuberant, walks in the back door (of course). He heads straight to the bar and specifies a "cold Miller."..."
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"...tunes aren't to blame; they manage to sound current without being plastic and "country radio ready," and while there's..."
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A2K Meets 'ACL'
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"...moment. At 8:30pm Sunday, Sept. 29, a reunited Arc Angels will take the stage as Jones and the crew..."
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The Tenth Annual "Austin Chronicle' Short Story Contest Results
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Feb. 24, 2017 Music Column by Kevin Curtin
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Boogie Nights gets under the skin of the porn film industry's exuberant burst of public semirespectability in the late Seventies, prior to the home-video revolution that changed the rules of the game forever. The movie is no socio-cultural abstract though; it is at heart the story about a group of characters and the de facto family that emerges from their relationships.
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This documentary about the heady days of porn – when "deep throat" became a household expression and everyone viewed the movie Deep Throat as a breath of fresh air – is informative yet lacking historical rigor.
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Middle Men journeys backward in Internet history to 1995 when two coked-up ne'er-do-wells created the first dial-up, porn-on-demand website.
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"...of falsely imprisoned boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter in Hurricane; Boogie Nights' Paul Thomas Anderson returns with another ensemble work,..."
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Ruben Ramos: El Gato Negro's
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Bolstered by terrific performances, Anderson's debut film is a small, deceptively complex, mystery about some gamblers and their quasi-filial bonds.
"...and popular levels. Assuming his upcoming Markie-Mark Wahlberg vehicle, Boogie Nights, doesn't suck as vigorously as one fears it..."
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You Coulda Walked Around the World
The LBJ of Lone Star songwriters lays siege to the Cactus Cafe
"...of Butch Hancock songs – No Two Alike, five nights that spilled over onto a sixth. Twenty years later,..."
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Adapt or Fry: UT Climate Adaptation Symposium
Forum focuses on local solutions to climate change
"...in distress. But a Texas heat wave and global climate change are very different antagonists. The organizers of next..."
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City Hall backs resilience, electric vehicles
"...achieving carbon neutrality on time, and preparing for the climate reality we're already living in...."
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"...Affordable housing, climate change, and the Dougherty Arts Center took center stage..."
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"...– this final one before the dais concerned civic "resilience," broadly defined as community responses to "disruptions": natural disasters,..."
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Austin at Large: This Road’s Gone On Forever
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"...sponsors. It would incorporate elements of the Austin Community Climate Plan and Climate Resilience Action Plan for City Assets..."
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This New-ish Plan
"...Dear Editor, While reading the article “Climate Change: City Targets Zero Emissions” by Lizzie Jespersen [News,..."
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News Roundup: Covering the Waterfront
Council, more Council, and more
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Civics 101
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Willie Nelson to Deliver SXSW Online Conference Keynote
Shotgun Willie brings a few hundred friends to the virtual stage
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SXSW Reveals First Speakers for 2021 Fest
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With oil in the future rationed to agriculture, essential services, and (inevitably) the military, and personal long-distance driving and passenger flight no longer feasible – then, if the United States is to remain a continental entity, the only answer is trains
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AFS Announces 2019 Feature Grant Recipients
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Point Austin: Giving Thanks
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ACL Live Review: Chvrches
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City's Racism Task Force Unveils Report
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Trapped and the War on Women's Health Care
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"...... of history" of oppressed peoples results in a resilience found in many honest hardworking people who do not..."
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Nissan prices, begins production of 2007 Altima
Chris Tutor
Oct 30st 2006 at 7:24PM
Monday, Nissan began production of its 2007 Altima at its Canton, Mississippi plant. The new sedan's base price will be $17,950 for a 2.5 liter engine and 6-speed manual. Upgrade to a 3.5-liter V6 SE for $24,000. The new Altima is available in four other models: Altima 2.5 S with 6-speed manual transmission at $19,800; 2.5 S with CVT at $20,300; 3.5 SE with CVT priced at $24,500; and the Altima 3.5 SL with CVT at $28,400. Nissan says pricing for the Altima Hybrid will be announced later.
Press release with full details after the jump.
[Sources: Nissan, Clarion Ledger]
Nissan Announces Pricing on All-New 2007 Altima [Oct. 30, 06]
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (Oct. 30, 2006) – Nissan today announced pricing on the 2007 Nissan Altima, which goes on sale this week at Nissan retailers nationwide. Along with its distinctive styling, the new fourth generation Altima utilizes the all-new Nissan "D" platform with improved body rigidity and a redesigned suspension with the development objective of making Altima one of the best performing large front-wheel drive sedans available globally.
The starting Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price for the 2007 Altima is $17,950 for Altima 2.5 with a refined 2.5-liter 4-cylinder engine and 6-speed manual transmission. The Altima is again also offered with an advanced 3.5-liter V6 engine – starting at an MSRP of $24,000 for Altima 3.5 SE with 6-speed manual transmission.
"The Altima 2.5 provides an incredible value for the money, with its starting MSRP only $200 more than the model it replaces – despite the new exterior and interior design, enhanced handling and performance, user-friendly technology and numerous other refinements," said Bill Bosley, vice president and general manager, Nissan Division. "The new Altima follows the tremendous consumer response and sales success of the previous generation. No longer just an alternative in the segment, it has now become a true leader."
The new Altima is available in four other models: Altima 2.5 S with 6-speed manual transmission at $19,800; Altima 2.5 S with Nissan's advanced Xtronic CVT™ (Continuously Variable Transmission) transmission at $20,300; Altima 3.5 SE with CVT priced at $24,500; and the Altima 3.5 SL with CVT at $28,400. An additional model, the 2007 Nissan Altima Hybrid is scheduled to go on sale in select markets in early 2007, with pricing for that model to be announced at a later date.
Available packages and options for the 2007 Altima 2.5 S include Convenience and Convenience Plus Packages, SL Package, and Connection Package with a choice of XMã or Siriusâ satellite radio. Altima 3.5 packages and options include Sport Package, Leather Package, Premium Package with a choice of XMã or Siriusâ satellite radio, Technology Package, and Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC). Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), while standard on V6 equipped models, is optional on Altima 2.5 S and rear decklid spoiler is available on all models.
About the 2007 Altima
The new Altima offers a long list of advanced technology features – including available Intelligent Key with Push Button Ignition, Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone System, RearView Monitor and an advanced touch-screen navigation system.
The 2007 Altima\'s exterior styling is a continuation of Altima's distinctive, iconic, sporty design. It offers a "dynamic simplicity" with an aggressive stance, a new Nissan "T-shaped" grille, powerful front fenders, strong wedge character line, forward A-pillars and Nissan family roofline, Altima-style taillights and dual exhaust finishers on all models. High Intensity Discharge (HID) xenon headlights are available on V6-equipped models.
The new Altima's wheelbase is 0.9-inch shorter (109.3 inches) than the previous model for enhanced maneuverability and overall length is 2.5 inches shorter (189.8 inches), however the interior retains nearly the same ample roominess. The new Altima is 0.3-inch wider (70.7 inches) and overall height remains the same (57.9 inches). Trunk space remains the same as the previous generation Altima.
The 2007 Altima's interior has an enhanced feel with refined workmanship and expanded use of soft materials (such as padded armrests) and chrome accents.
Interior noise levels have been reduced through use of the new rigid platform and increased sound insulation. The new Altima's instrument panel features a new Fine Vision gauge display for enhanced readability and the L-shaped flow of the instrument panel to the center console adds to the driver-oriented cockpit feel.
Interiors are available in three colors – charcoal, blonde and frost – as well as in both high quality soft-touch cloth fabric and leather-appointed seating. Among the passenger amenities are available 264-watt Bose®-developed audio system with nine speakers and dual-zone automatic temperature control.
The new Altima is the first global application of Nissan's advanced "D" platform, which offers much improved body rigidity and an all-new front suspension with new geometry and shock absorbers with rebound springs. The engine mounting position is 15 millimeters lower (with a six-point pendulum-type mounting system in place of the previous four-point system on V6 models) and the half-shafts have equal angles and are more parallel to the ground – virtually eliminating torque steer.
In addition to 17-inch wheels and tires, Altima 3.5 SE offers a sport-tuned suspension with larger diameter stabilizer bars and unique spring rates and strut damping.
Two engines are available, a "next generation" version of the 12-time Ward's "10 Best Engines" award-winning VQ-series V6 and an enhanced inline 4-cylinder. The 3.5-liter 24-valve DOHC V6 is now rated at 270 horsepower and 258 lb-ft of torque and offers stronger acceleration and refined sound quality. The V6 features reduced friction, improved cylinder head cooling and new twin knock sensors.
Also available is a 2.5-liter DOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder producing 175 horsepower (170 hp CAL) and 180 lb-ft of torque (175 lb-ft CAL). The QR25 engine has been refined with a larger intake manifold, increased compression ratio (9.6: 1 from 9.5:1) and reduced friction characteristics. It features a silent chain drive and a balancer system (with balancer changed to a center-mounted location for better NVH) that effectively negates vibrations without taking up much space – combining ideal packaging and smoothness.
The 2007 Altima is offered with a choice of two transmissions with both the V6 and 4-cylinder engines – a new 6-speed, narrow-gate manual transmission and the Nissan Xtronic CVT, which replaces the previous conventional automatic transmission.
The Xtronic CVT is designed to create a true synergy between engine and transmission with smooth, responsive, fluid-feeling performance and efficient operation. The CVT units utilized with both engines have been tailored specifically for use with the new Altima. The V6 CVT has been enhanced with an all-new "Sport" mode controller with a high-speed central processing unit and Adaptive Shift Controller with adaptive logic for faster shifting in both normal and manual modes.
The new Altima comes equipped with a number of standard safety features, including an Advanced Air Bag System (AABS), which includes dual-stage front supplemental air bags. Also standard are front seat side-impact supplemental air bags for chest protection and roof-mounted curtain side-impact air bags for front and rear outboard occupant head protection.
Other standard equipment includes front seat Active Head Restraints, the LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren) child seat anchors and tether system and Tire Pressure Monitor System ( TPMS).
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Jeff Wayne's The War of The Worlds: The Musical Drama
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Narrated by: Michael Sheen, Taron Egerton, Theo James,
When H. G. Wells first published The War of The Worlds in 1898, the novel quickly became a sci-fi classic. The story of extraterrestrials from Mars invading Earth captured the public’s imagination, inspiring a famed 1938 radio broadcast with Orson Welles, several feature films, countless video games, and a best-selling musical concept album by Jeff Wayne in 1978, among others.
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Several COVID-19 cases tied to Burke County church
Susan McCord @reportr1
Several positive cases of COVID-19 have been traced to Palmer Grove Baptist Church in Burke County.
The county had eight reported cases of coronavirus Tuesday, with "several" linked to the church, according to the Georgia Department of Public Health.
After church officials couldn’t be reached, Burke Health Department Nurse Manager Gina Richardson got approval to release information about the outbreak to inform the public, she said.
Anyone who went to the church from March 8 to Sunday should monitor their health for fever, cough, shortness of breath, vomiting or diarrhea. Those showing symptoms should contact a health care provider immediately by phone.
"Tell them you may have been exposed to someone with COVID-19," the state health department said.
Churches have been linked to coronavirus hot spots around the state. State Public Health Commissioner Kathleen Toomey said last week that "virtually all" of the cases in areas such as Albany and Bartow County were tied to church or funeral services.
Evans attorney Jason Hasty, who tested positive for the virus, attended church services at a Bartow County church last month. Several from the church have tested positive, and two have died.
Palmer Grove has a Hephzibah address and is near the Burke-Richmond county line, according to Waynesboro Mayor Greg Carswell, who is a pastor. Carswell said Waynesboro has stopped churches from holding services.
Palmer Grove has "a nice sized building," Carswell said, but he didn’t know the size of its congregation.
Lee Moore attended Palmer Grove growing up and is concerned about family members who still go there.
"I’m a little worried because my family members all attend that church," Moore said.
Karlton Howard, a pastor in Burke County, said he wasn’t surprised that no one answered at the church.
"It’s a rural church like ours. We don’t have secretaries or anything like that,’ he said.
Howard said about 90% of area churches are now conducting services online.
This content is being provided for free as a public service to our readers during the coronavirus outbreak. Please support local journalism and consider subscribing to The Augusta Chronicle at https://augustachronicle.com/subscribenow.
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Researchers use wheat starch hydrogels to produce food by 3D printing
Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc.Dec 4 2020
It is already possible to produce food with a 3D printer, potentially delivering products that suit consumer preferences regarding taste, texture, cost, convenience, and nutrition. In the near future, it will be possible to produce food with personalized shapes, textures, flavors, and colors considered attractive and healthy for children and the elderly, for example.
A group of researchers at the University of São Paulo's Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ-USP) in Brazil, partnering with colleagues in France at Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering (Oniris) and the National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), have made strides toward achieving this goal. They are developing hydrogels based on modified starch for use as "ink" in 3D printing of foods.
Recent results of the project, supported by FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), are published in the journal Food Research International. "In the past few years we've developed different technologies to modify starch and obtain gels with ideal characteristics for use as 'ink' to produce food by 3D printing," Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto, a professor at ESALQ-USP and principal investigator for the project, told Agência FAPESP.
The first gels produced by the researchers were based on cassava starch. They themselves developed the method used to modify the structure and properties of the starch with ozone during a previous project also supported by FAPESP.
By varying aspects of the process such as ozone concentration, temperature, and time, they were able to obtain gels with different properties in terms of the right consistency for use in 3D printing.
"Control of the conditions enabled us to obtain weaker gels for other applications and firmer gels that are ideal for 3D printing because they retain the shape of the printed structure without flowing or losing moisture," Augusto said.
In the past two years, the researchers have developed another starch modification method. This involves dry heating of cassava and wheat starch in an oven while controlling both temperature and time.
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Using the new method they were also able to obtain gels based on modified starch that displayed optimal printability, defined as the ability to make a 3D object by additive manufacturing (layer-by-layer deposition) and to maintain its structure once printed. Dry heat treatment also extended the textural possibilities of printed samples based on wheat starch hydrogels.
"We obtained good results with both methods. They're simple, cheap and easy to implement on an industrial scale," Augusto said.
Samples of gel based on cassava and wheat starch were printed at Oniris and INRAE in France via a project to develop functional starch-based gels for 3D printing funded by the Pays de la Loire regional innovation agency under a program called "Food 4 tomorrow".
Through the partnership with French scientists, ESALQ-USP researcher Bianca Chieregato Maniglia conducted postdoctoral research at Oniris and INRAE, applying the ozone and dry heating techniques to produce gels based on modified cassava and wheat starch for 3D printing of foods.
The techniques were developed with the collaboration of other researchers in ESALQ-USP's Process Engineering Research Group (Ge²P).
"The combined experience of all the researchers involved in the project enabled us to obtain gels with better printability, resulting in foods with better shape, definition and texture, which are essential parameters for product acceptability," Maniglia said.
Novel ingredientes
The ESALQ-USP group now plans to study other methods of modification and sources for the production of 3D food printing gels. ESALQ-USP has recently purchased a 3D printer, which they will use to produce the structures developed with the new gels.
The gels based on modified cassava and wheat starch can be used to print other things apart from food, such as biomedical products including drug capsules and nutraceuticals - foods designed not only to nourish but also to confer health benefits.
"We've demonstrated the feasibility of food production by 3D printing and fabrication of tailor-made ingredients. Now we plan to extend the applications and test other raw materials," Augusto said.
São Paulo Research Foundation
Manigliaa, B, C., et al. (2020Dry heating treatment: A potential tool to improve the wheat starch properties for 3D food printing application. Science Direct. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109731.
Posted in: Life Sciences News | Biochemistry
Tags: Agriculture, Children, Education, Food Production, Food Science, heat, Manufacturing, Medicine, Nutrition, oxygen, Ozone, Research, Veterinary, Wheat
Study identifies gene networks that control sugar and organic acid metabolism during fruit development
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Genetically modified tomato can provide a new source of Parkinson’s disease drug
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Exaggerated activation of food quality control system may explain the rising food allergies
Researchers identify genes that determine the shelf life of flaxseed oil
New method boosts the extraction of vegetable oil from plants
Plant used in traditional Chinese medicine becomes less visible to humans
The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of AZoLifeSciences.
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Using mass spectrometry to determine the sex of fingermarks
Prof. Simona Francese
In this interview, AZoLifeSciences speaks to Prof. Simona Francese about her latest research into fingermarks and how, by using MALDI-MS, you can accurately determine their sex.
Using proteomics to determine how long a corpse has been underwater
Dr. Noemi Procopio
In this interview, AZoLifeSciences speaks to Dr. Noemi Procopio about her latest research which involved using bone proteomics to determine the length of time a corpse had been left underwater.
Imperfect egg cells more common than originally thought
Dr. Terry Hassold
AZoLifeSciences speaks to Dr. Terry Hasssold about his latest research into oocytes and how imperfect egg cells are more common than scientists initially thought.
What is Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)?
An Overview of ELISA
What is Agricultural Science?
Application of High-Throughput Screening in Drug Discovery
Study shows how specific gene mutations cause different types of diseases
Scientists detect genomic DNA changes even in sun-protected skin
Ethylene allows plant roots to sense and avoid compacted soils
Drug Discovery and Production
Cannabis Testing & Analysis
AZoLifeSciences.com - An AZoNetwork Site
Chemical compounds in foods can inhibit a key SARS-Cov-2 enzyme
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