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Home » vietnambreakingnews » VN to expand world flight routes
VN to expand world flight routes
By Minh Quang 9:17 PM
Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has approved a project to develop direct international flight routes to promote investment, tourism and international integration. The project is aimed at expanding the direct international flight route network connecting Viet Nam and the country’s major markets. These include the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Russia and Germany, along with Australia, France, the United Kingdom and India, in addition to potential markets such as United Arab Emirates and South Africa. The PM said the development of the aviation industry must be associated with the development of the tourism industry. The expansion of direct routes is expected to enable the tourism industry to attract 17-20 million foreign arrivals in 2020. In 2017, Viet Nam received 13 million foreign visitors. The tourism industry is expected to contribute 10-20 per cent of gross domestic product and the export value through tourism is expected to reach US$20 billion in 2020, according to the report. Still, the report added that the expansion must ensure sustainable development. The project encourages the opening of new international flight routes by both domestic and foreign carriers. Accordingly, favourable conditions regarding aviation service charges and landing/boarding times will be created for carriers when they launch new routes to and from Viet Nam. The Ministry of Transport has been asked to work with aviation authorities in major markets on removing difficulties for Vietnamese carriers when they launch new flight routes and on expanding agreements on aviation cooperation. For the Chinese market, by 2020,…
VN to expand world flight routes have 248 words, post on bizhub.vn at 2018-01-05 03:53:09. This is cached page on VietNam Breaking News. If you want remove this page, please contact us.
Asia’s largest low-cost airline AirAsia officially launched a direct flight route between the Indonesian capital of Jakarta and Ho Chi Minh City on October 9. With the decision, Indonesia AirAsia – an associate carrier of the Malaysia-based AirAsia – now becomes the first airline to provide a direct flight between the two destinations.It will conduct four flights between Jakarta and Ho Chi Minh City every week with an expected average occupancy of 75-85 percent. Speaking at the launching ceremony, PT Indonesia AirAsia CEO Dharmadi said Indonesia AirAsia hopes to help stimulate tourism demand and the economies of Indonesia and Vietnam…... [read more]
Vietnam Airlines President and CEO Pham Ngoc Minh mentioned the fast growth in both countries’ relations in recent years and the UK, one of Vietnam’s leading trade partners in the European Union, as a preferential candidate for the launch of this route. The increasing demand for trade and investment in Vietnam and the UK has pushed both countries’ citizens to use planes as a means of transport. In 2010 the number of passengers from the UK to Vietnam reached nearly 90,000, up 28 percent over 2009.Moreover, with more than 47,000 Vietnamese people working and studying the UK, the direct flight…... [read more]
A new air route connecting central Da Nang City and Can Tho City in the Cuu Long (Mekong) Delta will be launched in 2014.— File Photo DA NANG (VNS)— A new air route connecting central Da Nang City and Can Tho City in the Cuu Long (Mekong) Delta will be launched in 2014.Vice Chairman of the Can Tho People's Committee Dao Anh Dung made the announcement while working with provincial agencies on preparations for a conference scheduled for late February on increasing the flights to and from the Can Tho International Airport.According to him, the new route will be served…... [read more]
The Mekong Aviation Joint Stock Company (Air Mekong) have announced that the Vinh – Buon Me Thuot – Ho Chi Minh City flight route will open on October 1 with three flights a week on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Flights on the route will depart from Vinh Airport at 12 pm and from Buon Me Thuot at 10.15 am. This is the ninth destination of the airline and the Vinh – Buon Me Thuot – Ho Chi Minh City route will be applied with Deluxe and Classic services, said a leader of Air Mekong. After only one year of operation,…... [read more]
Nghe An province and the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam on August 9 examined the possibility of opening a new air route servicing flights between Vietnam’s Vinh city and Laos’ Vientiane capital. Around 160,000–180,000 passengers travel by road annually between Vietnam’s northcentral region and the Laotian capital, passing through the Nam Can (Nghe An), Cau Treo (Ha Tinh), and Na Meo (Thanh Hoa) border gates. A Vinh-Vientiane flight route has become increasingly necessary as annual averages continue to grow, experts said. Following a test operated out of Vinh Airport, the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam and the Nghe An Provincial…... [read more]
Budget airline VietJet Air will officially open its Hai Phong-Da Nang flight route on June 1 t .Flightsfrom the northern port city of Hai Phong will take off at 11:25 andreturn from the central city of Da Nang at 13:20 with an estimatedflight time of about one hour and fifteen minutes.The low-cost carrier will offer air tickets starting at 480,000 VND (22.8 USD) for return flights.Tickets are available on the VietJet website and selling channels with “golden hour” promotion programmes every day.VietJet Air’s network currently comprises over 27 domestic andinternational routes. In Vietnam, the carrier operates flights to mostmajor cities…... [read more]
The national flag carrier Vietnam Airlines (VNA) and the Nghe An People’s Committee have joined hands to open a flight route between Vinh and the Lao capital Vientiane, which is expected to begin operation in the end of 2013. Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Accordingly, VNA will operate four flights a week on the route by ATR72 aircraft. The flight from Vinh to Vientiane is expected to effectively exploit tourism potential in three Vietnamese provinces of Nghe An, Thanh Hoa and Ha Tinh. The two sides will offer policies to encourage travel agencies to use air services…... [read more]
Between November 2010 and January 2011, Vitour Company will coordinate with the national flag carrier Vietnam Airlines to receive passengers from Hong Kong to Vietnam’s central coastal city of Danang through charter flights on every Wednesday and Saturday. In mid-December 2010, Tranasia Airlines, Taiwan will take tourists from Taipei to Danang by 19 charter flights every five days. In early January 2011, Vietnam Airlines will carry passengers from Seoul, the Republic of Korea to Danang by two charter flights every week during a month. On the whole, together with two flights a week to Guangzhou by China Southern, and four…... [read more]
HA NOI (VNS)— Central Nghe An Province and the Civil Aviation Administration of Viet Nam last week examined the possibility of opening a new air link between Viet Nam's Vinh City and Laos's Vientiane capital. Around 180,000 people travel by road each year between Viet Nam's north central region and the Laos capital, passing through border gates such as Nam Can and Thanh Thuy in Nghe An Province, Cau Treo in Ha Tinh Province, and Na Meo in Thanh Hoa Province. The need for a Vinh-Vientiane flight route has been evidenced by the sharp increases in the average number of…... [read more]
An airplane powered solely by energy from the sun took off from southern Spain early on Monday on the penultimate leg of the first ever fuel-free round-the-world flight. The single-seat Solar Impulse 2 lifted off from Seville at 0420 GMT (12:20 a.m. EDT) en route for Cairo, a trip expected to take 50 hours and 30 minutes. The plane has more than 17,0000 solar cells built in to its wings and travels at a cruising speed of around 70 km per hour (43 mph). On its journey, which began in Abu Dhabi and is due to end there, it has…... [read more]
Link http://news.c10mt.com/search/label/vietnambreakingnews and http://news.c10mt.com
Links Topics : https://news.c10mt.com/2018/01/vn-to-expand-world-flight-routes.html
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Meet Final Fantasy Type-0 HD’s Cast: Deuce, Seven, and Jack of Class Zero
by Dimi Gronnings | @fringenerd on February 20, 2015 at 6:59 PM, EDT
As predicted, Square Enix have released another set of character trailers for a second Final Fantasy Type-0 HD threesome, Deuce, Jack, and Seven, whose videos you can watch below. Sice, Eight, and King’s trailers were the first to be uploaded last week.
You can also watch the final Japanese trailer (with English subtitles) for the game here, and there’s a six-minute preview video here.
Final Fantasy Type-0 HD reaches the Xbox One and Playstation 4 in North America and Europe on March 17 and March 20, respectively. Episode Duscae, a playable demo of Final Fantasy XV (which was demoed today), will be available with purchases of Final Fantasy Type-0 HD.
Deuce represents the number 2 in Class Zero. She’s a gentle, diligent, and serious team member, kind-hearted and good-natured, but also somewhat stubborn. Deuce plays the flute.
Jack represents the number 11 on the team, and is the class clown. He has a positive disposition regardless of the situation he finds himself in, but can also be described as immature. His weapon of choice is the Katana.
Seven represents (of course) the number seven in Class Zero. She is popular with her female classmates. People see her as caring, but she is also somewhat aloof. Seven is quick to fight, and wields a whip.
About Dimi Gronnings
With over ten years' experience as an editor, Dimi is Niche Gamer's Managing Editor. He has indefinitely put a legal career on hold in favor of a life of video games: priorities.
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Nobel Women's Initiative
Annual & Thematic Reports
Meet the Laureates
Mairead Maguire
Rigoberta Menchú Tum
Jody Williams
Shirin Ebadi
Betty Williams
Activist Spotlights
Day 12: Spotlighting Bahareh Hedayat, Iran
“We are worn out but [are] neither bent nor broken. We continue to stand erect, although with wounded and restless hearts. We bear witness to the efforts of dictators looting a fertile land nurtured by the selfless sacrifices of past and present generations.”
Meet BAHAREH HEDAYAT.
Bahareh is a 31-year-old Iranian women’s and student rights activist. She is currently serving a nine and a half year prison sentence for speaking out against the violations of the rights of students following the 2009 presidential elections in Iran.
Bahareh is part of the generation of Iranians born after the Revolution of 1979—who now constitute the majority of the population. Like many in her generation, she came of age at a time when there was a promise of reform, with a high value on personal freedoms and rights. After being admitted to the University of Tehran in 2001, Bahareh became active in the student union to improve the plight of the students and to advocate for political change during the ‘reform’ movement surfacing across the country.
A year into her education, Bahareh was elected as a committee member of the student union. Shortly after, she joined the national student organization called the ‘Office for Strengthening Unity’ to advocate for political reform. In 2003 Bahareh was an active member of the student movement protesting against the execution of a university instructor.
Bahareh united her student activism with her women’s rights activism in the creation of the Women’s Commission in the ‘Office for Strengthening Unity’. The Commission was set up with the aim of increasing female student participation in campus union and student organizations. She was determined to amplify the voice of female students, who comprise 65% of all university students in Iran. She also worked for improving women’s rights as a member of the Campaign for 1 Million Signatures to Change Discriminatory Laws Against Women.
Her fearless activism put her on the frontlines of a violent crackdown. Following the disputed national elections in 2009, security officials stormed the student dormitories. Many students were beaten, arrested, and reportedly killed. Bahareh was outspoken in demanding accountability from the government for these human rights violations. Bahareh was arrested for the third time on December 31, 2009 and sentenced to almost a decade in prison. This is one of the heaviest sentences ever given to a women’s rights activist or student activist.
Prior to her arrest, Bahareh was a newlywed with dreams of starting a family. Bahareh has sacrificed that dream, and now faces years in prison for the simple act of advocating for the rights of her fellow Iranians. Like many young Iranians, she strives for a just world that ensures the respect of rights of all people.
Bahareh is a remarkable woman who—despite her imprisonment—remains hopeful for the future: “Sadness and loneliness have no place in my heart because our empathy for each other is untainted. These perpetual, sad and cold days and nights will surely end… There is no doubt in my mind that [we have a] bright future; we will breathe in a free country while celebrating our liberty together. We must believe in this and stand up like before, informed and hopeful.”
Join the global campaign to Free Bahareh Hedayat, launched by a group of Iranian women and student activists to commemorate Bahareh’s 30th Birthday.
Learn about the Campaign for One Million Signatures to Change Discriminatory Laws Against Women.
Learn about United4Iran, the global network of Iranian and non-Iranian individuals and human rights activists working to promote fundamental human and civil rights in Iran.
Read the Amnesty International Report “Iran: Amnesty International’s submission to the Commission on the Status of Women regarding concerns about the harassment and imprisonment of women, including rights defenders and members of minorities,” 10 August 2011.
Posted In: 16 Days of Activism 2011
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16 Days of Activism 2016
© 2019 Nobel Women's Initiative | Privacy
Change is driven by people power. Share this story!
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Where does PANCOST rank in the most common names in the U.S.?
PANCOST is identified by the U.S. Bureau of the Census as a surname with more than 100 occurrences in the United States for the year-2000 U.S. Census. In "Demographic Aspects of Surnames from Census 2000", the Census Bureau tabulated the surnames of all people who had obtained Social Security Numbers by the year 2000.
PANCOST ranks # 122534 in terms of the most common surnames in America for 2000.
PANCOST had 130 occurrences in the 2000 Census, according the U.S. government records.
Out of a sample of 100,000 people in the United States, PANCOST would occur an average of 0.05 times.
For the last name of PANCOST the Census Bureau reports the following race / ethnic origin breakdown:
0 percent, or None reported total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic of Two or More Races"
Search the web for more on the name PANCOST :
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Where does WEINSCHENK rank in the most common names in the U.S.?
WEINSCHENK is identified by the U.S. Bureau of the Census as a surname with more than 100 occurrences in the United States for the year-2000 U.S. Census. In "Demographic Aspects of Surnames from Census 2000", the Census Bureau tabulated the surnames of all people who had obtained Social Security Numbers by the year 2000.
WEINSCHENK ranks # 59916 in terms of the most common surnames in America for 2000.
WEINSCHENK had 315 occurrences in the 2000 Census, according the U.S. government records.
Out of a sample of 100,000 people in the United States, WEINSCHENK would occur an average of 0.12 times.
For the last name of WEINSCHENK the Census Bureau reports the following race / ethnic origin breakdown:
Insignificant percent, or Less than 100 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic of Two or More Races"
Search the web for more on the name WEINSCHENK :
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Home / World / The farewell is more difficult than a father
The farewell is more difficult than a father
Moving from the Kerch Strait, Tanzania reported "Candy" and "Master" on ships short of movement
After a while the explosion exploded and then the fire broke out. 14 people died in a fire on two ships. Semih Solak from the village of Balıklıçeşme in the Biga district of Çanakkale. Today the Biga district of Semih Solak, in the village of Balikliçeşme, was informed.
Sadık Solak, the father of Semih Solak who suffers from news, tells how his son got on board and said:
"We saw the news on television, my son has been on this ship for 20 days, he has been on the ship for 20 days, he dropped from Istanbul, he went to Syria.
It is probably loaded with natural gas from Russia. 2 days ago I saw live with my son on the internet. & # 39; Father installed in the open. The other company ship will arrive. We are moving to him. Then we will fill and go to Syria, "he said, and then, when I saw this incident on the news, I was suspicious of the fact that I was aware of this transfer.
I'm calling by phone. He is not answering. Now we know that he is dead. He is at the mortuary at the hospital in the Crimea. There is no information from the company at this time. We can not reach the company phones. I have a couple of friends. They wanted but could not get the information. We do not even know the name of the company. It's been 20 days. She went down to another company. He said, "Dad, I'm coming." "My son would have worked until April, what happened?" I said.
"I do not know, the helicopter put us down as a team," he said. 2 hours later he called again, "Father, I received news from another ship, they called me in. I'm going on that ship, I will not come," he said. We stayed one night in Istanbul. He returned to this company. 3-4 3-4 months of inactivity & # 39; he said. On May 11 he would go to military service. At the moment we do not know about the funeral. "
In the morning, relatives and family neighbors returned home and expressed their condolences.
The channel frequencies transmit the fifth part of all episodes to the Artgrel series
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RIGHT-WING IDEOLOGY
Bush’s Court: How the DC Circuit Threatens the Future of Progressive Reform (Updated)
March 21, 2013 March 22, 2013 NVRDC
— by Layne Amerikaner & Miranda Blue, PFAW, media@pfaw.org, (202) 467-4999
WASHINGTON – Four years into President Obama’s presidency, he has yet to have a single judge confirmed to the hugely influential Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. This lapse, caused initially by a slow start from the administration but perpetuated by a blockade of obstruction in the Senate, threatens to hinder progressive advances for years to come, argues a newreport from People For the American Way.
The report, AMERICA’S PROGRESS AT RISK: RESTORING BALANCE TO THE DC CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS, can be found here.
“The D.C. Circuit is the most important court most Americans have never heard of,” said Marge Baker, Executive Vice President of People For the American Way. “The D.C. Circuit’s judges have the final word on scores of federal laws each year, from air pollution controls to financial regulations to workers’ rights. Republicans have long understood this, and have packed the court with far-right ideologues who threaten to hold back American progress for decades to come. And they have so far blocked confirmation of judges who would bring any balance to this court.”
President Obama is the first president since Woodrow Wilson to fail to have a single nominee confirmed to the D.C. Circuit during his first full term in office, despite the fact that four of the eleven seats on the court are now vacant. His first nominee to the court, the indisputably qualified Caitlin Halligan, was twice blocked by Senate Republicans for reasons widely recognized as spurious.
As a result, the D.C. Circuit continues to be dominated by judges pushing a right-wing ideology long rejected by the American people. The right-wing majority of the D.C. Circuit has continuously sought to dismantle progressive efforts to defend consumers, protect public health, and ensure the rights of workers. Recent D.C. Circuit decisions highlighted in the report include:
Noel Canning v. NLRB: In January, the D.C. Circuit invalidated three presidential appointments to the National Labor Relations Board, undermining the Board’s ability to protect the rights of workers and giving the green light to Senate Republicans who wish to decimate any federal agency by blocking appointees.
EME Homer City Generation v. EPA: In 2012, the D.C. Circuit sided with utility companies to strike down EPA air pollution regulations that would have prevented an estimated 34,000 premature deaths and saved $280 billion a year in healthcare costs.
Business Roundtable v. SEC: In 2011, the D.C. Circuit overturned an SEC rule requiring greater accountability from corporations to their shareholders in selecting board members. One observer noted that in doing so the judges – none of them securities experts – had “waded into a political fight under the guise of dispassionate scientific oversight.”
RJ Reynolds Tobacco v. FDA: Last year, the D.C. Circuit ruled that FDA regulations requiring cigarette manufacturers to place graphic, factually accurate warnings on their product violated tobacco companies’ First Amendment free speech rights.
Hein Hettinga v. USA: George W. Bush nominee Janice Rogers Brown used a case about milk market regulation last year to issue a call to arms against eight decades of progressive reforms. Courts that have allowed the government to implement reasonable regulations of industry have, she said, put “property…at the mercy of pillagers.”
“President Obama has a chance in his second term to restore ideological balance to the D.C. Circuit,” added Marge Baker. “It is critically important that he do so.
Otherwise, D.C. Circuit will continue to stand in the way of progressive reforms — reforms chosen by American voters — and threaten to roll back decades of hard-won protections for working people and consumers.”
On a side note, I called Senator Dean Heller’s office and asked for a specific answer as exactly why he voted in favor of filibustering the confirmation of Caitlin Halligan. Once again, I got a blow-off standard “well as you know” non-specific answer (Click on the graphic at the left to read the response). I made a second call complaining that I had asked a specific question and expected to receive a specific response. Ten-to-one, I get another ‘doesn’t say crap’ letter or nothing at all.
March 22, 2013: The White House officially withdrew President Barack Obama’s nomination of Caitlin Halligan to serve on the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. In a statement, Obama said he was “deeply disappointed” that a minority of senators had blocked Halligan’s nomination for almost two and a half years, and called the vacancies on what is arguably the country’s second-highest federal court “unacceptable.”
“Today, I accepted Caitlin Halligan’s request to withdraw as a nominee for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit,” Obama said in an emailed statement. “This unjustified filibuster obstructed the majority of Senators from expressing their support. I am confident that with Caitlin’s impressive qualifications and reputation, she would have served with distinction.”
Congressional Activity, Judiciary/AttyGnrl, Nominations, SenateCaitlin Halligan, DC COURT OF APPEALS, GOP, Judiciary, LEGISLATING FROM THE BENCH, Marge Baker, people for the american way, PFAW, RIGHT-WING IDEOLOGY
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Oakland A’s stadium proposal: Save Laney College; stop gentrification
By oaklandsocialist on October 18, 2017 • ( 1 Comment )
A specter is stalking America’s urban working class. It is the specter of gentrification. Urban workers, mainly people of color, are victimized in good times and bad. When times are bad, many are out of work, and the high unemployment is used to attack the wages of those who still have jobs, making it hard to pay the rent. Then, when times are good, the real estate interests use the opportunity to jack up the rents.
And with the transformation from an industrial to a high tech economy, the inner cities are increasingly attractive to the yuppies and techies, meaning the real estate sharks are moving in.
Oakland A’s Stadium & the Fisher Family
Nowhere is this more acute than here in Oakland, where the proposal of the Oakland A’s baseball team to build a new stadium near downtown and directly across the street from Laney Community College is roiling the political waters. The A’s majority owner is John Fisher of the Fisher Family, founders of The Gap clothing store chain. He and his family are also owners of Mendocino Redwood Company, the lumber company in Northern California that has had frequent battles with environmentalists.
In San Francisco, John Fisher and his company, Sansome Partners, have played a different sort of environmental role – helping create an environment for wealthy yuppies. As the Anderson Valley Advertiser reports, San Francisco is “the third most unaffordable housing market on the planet… (and) the Fishers are one of the countless players in this and other housing markets whereby speculators and landlords intensify the price pressure as they buy properties, evict tenants, and displace people in anticipation of even higher rents.”
New Model of Sports Team Ownership
What does this have to do with building a ball park?
Matier and Ross, columnists for the San Francisco Chronicle explain: they quote P.J. Johnston of the Warriors basketball team. Even when they were a losing team, the Warriors always played to a packed house in Oakland. Nevertheless, they are moving their team to the waterfront in San Francisco where they will get ahold of some prime real estate. “A lot of what drives these deals is what you can build next door,” Johnston says. Matier and Ross continue: “While there may be acres of cheap land nearby [the present A’s location], it’s the location [of the proposed new stadium] that counts.” In the case of the A’s proposed stadium, that location is right in between the Oakland estuary and beautiful Lake Merritt, where the city just spent millions remodeling the park right at that end. With Oakland rapidly gentrifying, and property values shooting skyward, this land is prime property, especially if a new sports stadium is built – prime property for hotels, expensive condos, boutique stores and restaurants.
In other words, the new model of sports franchise ownership is not so much about the sports franchise itself as the real estate development that owning that franchise opens the way to.
Privatization, gentrification and economic development
John Fisher, A’s majority owner, left and Betsey DeVos, Trump’s Secretary of Education, right.
Their education policies are one and the same.
In the case of the A’s, Fisher’s politics also come into play, given the location of Laney College: John Fisher has been a major player in the charter school/education privatization movement, as he sits on the boards of the KIPP Foundation and the Charter School Growth Fund. Along with the Walton Family and Betsy DeVos (Trump’s education secretary), Fisher has been a major donor to school privatization/charter school campaigns.
Supporters of building a new A’s stadium at this location point to the poverty rate of 24% in the surrounding community as well as the lack of funds for the Peralta Community College District, of which Laney is a part. For one thing, they claim that the jobs generated by the new stadium would go a long ways towards lowering the poverty rate. This is a replay of the claim that new ball parks are a financial boon to the surrounding community. Study after study refutes this claim. ‘“If you ever had a consensus in economics, this would be it,” says Michael Leeds, a sports economist at Temple University. “There is no impact,’” he is quoted as saying in one study. He continues: ‘“If every sports team in Chicago were to suddenly disappear, the impact on the Chicago economy would be a fraction of 1 percent.’” Victor Matheson, a sports economist at the College of the Holy Cross, is quoted as saying that “economic activity in Inglewood (CA) actually increased (!) when the Lakers left town”.
The Washington Nationals baseball stadium.
It vastly accelerated the gentrification of that neighborhood in Washington DC.
It is true that the poverty rate in the surrounding area is likely to decrease if the A’s stadium is built there, but for a reason different from the one claimed: It would accelerate gentrification. Take the example of the Washington Nationals baseball stadium built in a similar neighborhood in Washington, DC. Dominique Wilkins did a masters research paper at Clark University where he studied the effects of building that stadium. He concluded that in general, “over time, the neighborhood changes to house mostly upper-class, single, young white professionals.” Wilkins found that before the stadium was completed, 42% of the population had family incomes below $50,000 and 31% had incomes over $100,000. After its completion, those figures were 15.5% below $50,000 and 70.1% above. (Those with incomes above $200,000 went from 7.1% to 34.9%.)
Naturally, this was mirrored by the shift in racial composition: The black population went from 54.7% to 34% while the white population went from 40.5% to 59.6%
San Jose’s Avaya Stadium
Dave Kaval, president of the A’s, claims that nothing of the sort will happen in this case. In an interview with the Laney Tower newspaper, he cited the construction of Avaya (soccer) stadium in downtown San Jose as an example of what they intend to do, and he pointed out that it was essentially the same management team responsible for the construction of that stadium that will be responsible for the proposed
Avaya soccer stadium in San Jose. Its construction helped create the situation in which this San Jose State adjunct professor, Ellen Tara James-Penney, ended up living in her car.
A’s stadium. In fact, that stadium is a perfect example: Katherine Naso., an organizer with the International Migrants Alliance in San Jose explained (in a personal interview) that the construction of that stadium was central to the development of that entire area of the city. The result has been that rents for a studio apartment in the area range from $2500 to $3000. She said that, contrary to Kaval’s promises regarding the A’s stadium, no housing has been built for students or faculty of nearby San Jose State University and that some students are homeless as a result. There is even the case of San Jose State adjunct professor Ellen Tara James-Penney, who is living in her car because of the low pay and the high housing costs!
In other words, all the claims that the construction of this stadium at this location will bring jobs and boost the economy are refuted by the facts. It may be that if the deal goes through real estate developer Fisher could be pressured into building a few units of “affordable” housing, but this would be more than offset by the inevitable huge increase in housing costs overall in the area. That, after all, is the entire intent of developers like Fisher!
Laney College
There is also the effect on Laney College. Founded in 1953 as a trade school, the current campus opened in 1970 and has served ever since then as a central gathering place for Oakland’s working class youth/youth of color. It is really an icon for Oakland’s black, Latino and Asian communities and its location makes it the only community college that is really fully accessible to those youth. California just passed a measure that would make the first year of community college free for those youth in need, which potentially would make Laney even more important.
The student body is an extremely diverse cross section of working class youth. Lower pictures are of the Laney College Community Garden student club – a peaceful place to hang out.
All this would be under threat if the A’s stadium is built where it’s planned.
The construction of this stadium at this location threatens all of that. How can students get to class and Laney employees – teachers, clerical and maintenance workers, etc. – get to work with tens of thousands of baseball fans streaming into a stadium? How can students pay attention with the noise that the baseball crowd would generate? Also, the stadium would also be used for other events, meaning even more crowds and noise.
In fact, the continued existence of Laney could be threatened. As enrollment would likely drop, the call would be sent up to close the campus entirely. What a boon to the real estate sharks! How convenient, as that land is potentially extremely valuable for the construction of expensive condos, boutique stores and restaurants, hotels, etc. As for John Fisher himself, this would kill two birds with one stone, since he is opposed to public education in general.
An A’s fan leading the chants of A’s supporters at the Peralta Board of Trustees meeting on Oct. 10. The way they intentionally drowned out the students from Laney is the way the A’s proposed stadium will drown out Laney College.
While defenders of the stadium proposal deny the threat to Laney, they point to the vague promises of Dave Kaval, A’s president, that the A’s would financially help the Peralta district and its students. This is just as serious of a threat, given who John Fisher is. It is naive to think that Fisher, a proponent of privatizing public education, would not use his involvement in Laney to try to control the college. In other words, to start to privatize it, in effect.
Other defenders of the stadium proposal point out that it would be cheaper to build the stadium at the proposed location, given the costs involved in tearing down the present Coliseum. What does that mean? Who is to bear those costs, because after the A’s, the Warriors and the Raiders leave, the stadium and the Coliseum there will be left standing as empty hulks. So who, then, would be likely to bear the demolition costs? Wouldn’t it most likely be the Oakland taxpayers?
Unions’ role and “slavery to the financiers”
As is to be expected, the building trades union leaders are totally backing this stadium proposal because it means “jobs”, as an interview that the Laney College newspaper, the Laney Tower, did with Rafael Gonzalez, President of Laborers Local 304 shows. “We’re going to support wherever they (the A’s) want to build,” he said. He claimed that part of the support was based on the supposed benefits what would go to the community, but the statistics cited above prove the falsehood of this claim. Anyway, in reality that has nothing to do with it, as Gonzalez showed when asked whether they would support the proposal if it was going to be built non-union. “Of course not,” he replied.
Andreas Cluver, Secretary-Treasurer of the Alameda County Building Trades Council, also took a similar position in a similar interview. In a very revealing comment on the basis of their position, Cluver commented: “Yes, we are slaves in the capitalist economy to the financiers. They create the jobs. Private capital creates the bulk of the jobs. And so, can we change it? Do I think a different system would be better? Yeah. But that’s not where we are and so, as a building trades, we’re dependent on private financing for our livelihood. That’s a reality. Should we change it? Yeah. But at this point our membership needs to work. And so, the answer is ‘yes we are. That’s the nature of the capitalist system.’”
One afternoon, a small group of Laney students and teachers gathered with a reporter to talk. Here’s what some of them said about what Laney and the stadium proposal mean to them.
How far this acceptance of “slavery to the financiers” goes was revealed in a response of Abraham Parra, labor relations representative for Laborers Local 304. He, too, supported the stadium proposal on the basis of “jobs”. Then he was asked if his union would support Trump’s building of “The Wall” or of prisons for undocumented workers. “On behalf of LIUNA, I can’t answer that,” he replied. In other words, he doesn’t know what would be the building trades position! It is entirely reasonable not to know, given that the building trades supported both Keystone XL and the Standing Rock pipelines and they urged the governor to “enforce the letter of the law” in cracking down on the Native American protesters at Standing Rock. Then, they turned around and had a photo-op meeting with Trump to support his build-anything-anywhere regardless of the environmental consequences policy. (“It’s called bipartisanship,” Parra “explained”.)
The building trades are not unique in this position of aligning with “their” employers on the grounds of “jobs”. Dennis Williams, President of the United Auto Workers Union, had a similar photo-op with Trump when the president was announcing the suspension of regulations on emission standards for new cars produced in the US.
Failure of the unions’ strategy
It is almost as if these leaders had a death wish. Their policy is not working as far as stemming the tide of non-union construction. From 2009 to 2015, 500,000 new construction jobs were added to the US economy, but the percentage of union construction workers on the job declined from 16.7% to 14.8%. (See this article.) In regards to this particular project, it will vastly accelerate gentrification of Oakland (just as Avaya Stadium did in San Jose), which means a sharply reduced political clout for labor in this city as its working class is driven out. Cluver denies this, but that denial is simply a total refusal to confront reality. From Washington DC to San Jose, the facts prove it.
In any case, it is a disgrace that these union leaders would be willing to sacrifice the interests of the wider working class for the trust fund money and dues money that would result from this construction. (As for the argument that the issue is jobs: If that were the real issue, then why wouldn’t they support the proposal if it were to be built non-union?)
This attitude that is encouraged by the union leadership also has another consequence: The very selfishness, the encouragement to think purely in one’s own individual terms, is the basis for the support for Trump within the working class, including within the unions, where it is estimated that some 30% of members voted for this reactionary bigot. Why not? Trump promised jobs, and if that’s all that matters – jobs for oneself personally and the fate of others be damned – then why not vote for him? The attitude was perfectly expressed by one union electrician at the October Peralta Board of Trustees meeting. When confronted with the fact of the construction unions’ decline, this electrician replied, “Well, I have a job.” In other words, since I’m working I don’t care about anything else, including the weakening of my own union itself.
Liberal politicians: Marriage of union leaders and finance capital
The key elected officials are also in the developers’ pockets. First there is Oakland’s mayor, Libby “Yuppie” Schaaf. Among major donors to her political campaigns are Mclarand Vasquez Emsiek & Partners, architects for many major gentrification projects throughout the West Coast, Franklin Arthur, owner of The Arthur Company, a real estate development company, and Jonathan Weldon, a real estate broker. City Council member Abel Guillen, whose district includes Laney College, is the same, with major donations from realtor Ted Dang, Hahn Development, real estate developer Wayne Jordan, and a Metropolitan Bank attorney. Recognizing the tremendous unpopularity of the proposal in his district, Guillen is trying to find a way to sugar-coat the plan by supposedly “protecting” the residents. He has no way to protect Laney, though.
Then there is Julina Bonilla, president of the Peralta Board of Trustees and representative of the district that covers Laney College. Bonilla works for the West Oakland Jobs Resource Center. This center is sponsored by the (real estate developer dominated) city of Oakland plus the California Capital and Investment Group. This company advertises itself as “an established market leader in commercial real estate sales… with a specialized focus in the East Bay/Oakland…. Oakland’s revitalization holds special importance to California Group.” They also boast that “we use our company’s relationships and expertise for the benefit of our clients.” In the world of capitalist politics, “relationships” means connections with local politicians… like Julina Bonilla!
What these “relationships” mean is shown by the fact that Guillen, through his staff, flat-out refused to do an interview on this issue with a reporter from the Laney Tower while Schaaf and Bonilla simply failed to respond to a request for such an interview. The only Board of Trustees member who did do an interview with the Laney Tower was Nesi More, student representative on the Board. She commented: “Just the concept of a private enterprise coming to usurp the public trust is ridiculous…. We see examples across the country of communities being destroyed, for what? I mean, for the private sports entertainment…. The only A’s I want to see anywhere near Peralta are the ones that accumulate and add up to a 4.0 GPA.”)
The acceptance by the union leadership of the domination of finance capital is a disaster all around.
It is also significant that both Guillen and Bonilla (especially the latter) are supported by the union leadership. This epitomizes the marriage of the union leadership and finance capital through the liberal wing of the Democratic Party. As opposed to the conservative wings of the capitalist politicians, the strategy of this wing is to suck in any popular movement with fair promises. In the environmental movement, for example, they propose to regulate that environmentally disastrous practice of fracking, which can never be made safe. In this particular case, they have a similar strategy, calling for strong local-hire policies, for mitigation of the rising rents that are bound to follow, etc. These are simply “perfuming a turd”. There is no getting around the fact that this site for this stadium would would pose a threat to the continued existence of Laney College itself and would definitely immensely accelerate the gentrification of Oakland, especially in that neighborhood, meaning the further fragmentation of the black, Latino and Asian working class.
Oakland’s Planning Department will also play a big role in this and other projects. It is headed by Richard Gilchrist, fresh from New Orleans, where he ran a similar department. As is so common among such government bureaucrats, Gilchrist comes from the industry itself, starting his career with the investment giant AECOM. In his role as head of planning for New Orleans, he assisted in the building of commercial giants like Walgreens. Gilchrist is a proponent of “place based planning”. This school of thought is all about helping investors like Walgreens (or the A’s) figure out the easiest way to get their proposed commercial real estate accepted by making it architecturally acceptable. The idea is that real estate investment will lead to less poverty, etc. In other words, this is Ronald Reagan’s infamous trickle down school of economics as applied to real estate investment. It didn’t work for the poor and the working class under Reagan and it isn’t working today. It will work, however, for the likes of government bureaucrats like Gilchrist, whose predecessor, Rachel Flynn, left the Oakland Planning Department to join real estate developer Five Point Holdings LLC. This is the typical revolving door between government bureaucracy and jobs in the industry the bureaucracy is supposed to regulate. The regulated are controlling the regulators!
Opposition to stadium deal: Program and strategy needed
There is a campaign just getting under way to oppose this stadium site. But what has to be clarified is a program and strategy to defeat this threat.
We have seen many protests in Oakland and other cities throughout the country around similar issues. Like the union strikes of previous decades, almost none of these protest movements succeeded. We need to move beyond just protesting against what both the conservative (Republican) and the liberal (Democratic) representatives of finance capital are doing. They have proven, time and again, that they appeals to reason and human decency are like water off a duck’s back to them. Even street protests, when limited to that, don’t move them.
First of all, this means we need to move beyond mere protests and towards outright disruption. That’s what was effective in the strike movement of the 1930s (the three great strikes of 1934 as well as the sit down strikes of 1937). That’s what was effective in the Civil Rights/human rights movement of the 1960s (the sit-ins, etc.) That’s what propelled the Occupy movement to the foreground.
Occupy Oakland’s general strike of 2011.
The strategy of mass defiance needs to come back into play.
This does not mean property destruction by a few individuals. Instead, it means a systematic outreach to Laney students, the surrounding community and to the patrons and sellers of the Laney flea market. It means a systematic campaign to involve them en masse in building a campaign capable of shutting the system down by our determination and by our force of numbers.
It also means a campaign that takes in all the related issues. Neither Laney students nor the broader community lives and dies by the issue of the future of Laney College alone, nor the future of the surrounding community. The issues of jobs, of housing access in general, even the issue of the environment are all related and on the minds of people.
It means helping rank and file union members organize a movement within their own unions to make those unions really fight for them… in connection with all workers. The
Oakland politicians Mayor Libby Schaaf, Council member Abel Guillen and Peralta Trustee Julina Bonilla.
They represent the marriage of finance capital with the liberal wing of the Democratic Party.
way the union leadership has been the willing “slaves of finance capital” in the political arena, in this same way they have served the employers on the job. It’s just the same as their acceptance of cut-rate contracts and refusal to fight the bosses for workers’ rights on a daily basis. Workers in the communities have every interest in helping workers inside the unions fight for a real, fighting trade union movement, one that links up all of our interests together.
It means linking up all this, including an open recognition of who politicians like Julina Bonilla and Abel Guillen are, with the necessity of building a mass, working class political party. We can start down that road by running independent, working class candidates for local offices like Oakland city council and the Peralta Board of Trustees. These would be candidates who do not claim to represent “all the people” but openly say that they are working class representatives; candidates who do not pretend that they can resolve workers problems “for” them but that they will serve as an organizing center to help workers and working class youth organize and fight on their own behalf. They would explain that their candidacy is a step towards building an organized alternative to the Democratic Party. In other words, a mass, working class political party.
It also means that we cannot escape the issue of our “slavery to finance capital.” As long as workers and their organizations accept this slavery, we will be forced to accept that private investment for profit, the “free” market system, will determine whether or not we have a job, a place to live, and whether the air we breathe and the food we eat is poisoning us. In fact, isn’t this acceptance the essence of what Donald Trump represents – the idea that the capitalists should be free to invest anywhere anytime as long as it creates jobs? We can start down this road by pointing to the immense wealth that is gathering in Oakland – Uber, Clorox, the Port of Oakland, etc. The city should start by taxing this wealth and using it to develop the city based on the needs of working class people, not the profits of finance capital. As far as the A’s: If working class people in Oakland feel it’s important enough, then the city can declare eminent domain, backed by a mass movement, and take them over and build a stadium in a location that suits the workers of Oakland, not the real estate sharks. Today, with more young people favoring socialism than capitalism, we must not shrink from openly explaining that this proposal and the drive for gentrification are part and parcel of the capitalist system itself and that socialism is the only answer.
Oakland can lead the way… Again!
Peralta Community College Chancellor Leguerre and the board of trustees claim that no decision on the proposal has been made. Yet, at the board meeting of Oct. 10, Sharon Cornu, official “consultant” for the chancellor gave a presentation on the proposal. Again and again, she called the proposal an “opportunity.” Again and again she pointed to the alleged benefits of the proposal, without ever raising the reality of what happened in San Jose or Washington DC, or the reality of the overall economic effects of sports teams in a city. When that puff piece that Cornu presented is coupled with the political/economic forces as outlined above, that can only mean one thing: They have decided to go ahead with the deal and the only thing that isn’t decided is how to sell this to the community, how to run it through with a minimum of protest and disturbance.
Towards that end, they are all talking about “sitting down at the table” to discuss what we – the community and Laney College – can get out of it. And we have to be very honest with ourselves: If we do not take an aggressive strategy such as what is outlined above, then there is a very real danger that elements of the opposition can be maneuvered into doing just that. In other words, negotiating the terms of our own surrender.
But every danger also represents an opportunity.
In 2011, Occupy Oakland in many ways set the model for the Occupy movement nationally. It was one of the most radical and independent for many weeks. This included the “general strike” that largely shut down downtown Oakland as well as the Port of Oakland. Today, socialists and workers and working class youth in general have the opportunity to once again put Oakland in the forefront, to serve as a model for building a working class movement with some real staying power. We can build a powerful, working class movement that not only stops the gentrifiers and privatizers dead in their tracks as far as this land grab; it also start the ball rolling as far as reversing the gentrifying that has already taken place here. In doing so, we would be setting an example for the rest of the country. Oaklandsocialist hopes that those interested in this approach will contact us so that, together, we can start down this road.
They say that every danger also represents an opportunity. Let us turn this danger to workers and to people of color in Oakland into an opportunity to build a movement that can stop the gentrification of Oakland in its tracks and start to build a real, radical, working class movement that can star to transform the political situation in America in general.
Categories: Oakland, Uncategorized
Iraqi Kurdish independence
The Russian Revolution turns 100!
Great and insightful article
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The Guardian: A new antitrust frontier – the issue closing partisan divides in the name of policing big tech
Read on The Guardian
The new head of a congressional antitrust panel has vowed to take on big technology companies that “threaten our democracy”, the latest sign of a growing cross-party Washington consensus that Silicon Valley has grown too powerful.
Democratic congressman David Cicilline is set to spearhead efforts to check the influence of Amazon, Facebook, Google and other “big tech” firms, a rare bipartisan cause that unites figures such as Donald Trump, senators Lindsey Graham and Elizabeth Warren and congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, albeit for wildly divergent reasons.
“We need to have a serious conversation about the dominance of these platforms,” Cicilline, who will serve as chairman of the House judiciary committee’s antitrust, commercial and administrative law subcommittee, said in a statement made available to the Guardian. “There’s no question that these new gatekeepers have the incentive and ability to harm the competitive process, undermine innovation, and threaten our democracy.”
After a swath of privacy and data manipulation debacles over the past few years, the utopian vision of Silicon Valley companies in California has been shattered and their “move fast and break things” mantra has lost much of its charm. The star players are facing demands for greater accountability and transparency. America is playing catch-up with the European Union whose competition commissioner, Margrethe Vestager, has ordered Apple and Amazon to pay back taxes, fined Facebook over its acquisition of WhatsApp and imposed billions of dollars’ worth of antitrust penalties on Google.
In the US, executives from Facebook, Google and Twitter have now all testified before Congress during the past year. Tim Cook, the chief executive of Apple, has called on Congress to pass comprehensive privacy legislation to protect consumers. In the meantime, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is reportedly close to finishing a privacy investigation into Facebook, which could lead to a major fine.
See the rest of Matt Stoller's work
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Papa Robert Hill
The story so far...
Psycheceltic Blues Rock...with a twist
40+ Years of good-timey music
Papa Robert Hill, a singer-songwriter multi-instrumentalist, has a long history of crafting and performing roots blues-based rock and folk music, and is currently performing exclusively in the San Francisco Bay Area. In the words of Kristoph Klover of Flowinglass Music, Papa is "the real deal."
From first picking up a guitar at age 6, through playing high school dances in the 1970s, and culminating with a whirlwind of playing many of the rock music palaces of Los Angeles in the 1980s with bands like Old No.7 Band, Blackjack Tailor, and Tomorrow's Reign, Papa's long background in blues and rock is always in evidence.
In 1985, Blackjack Tailor independently released their one and only album "Rockin The Boat" on MCF records, an album firmly rooted in the hard blues rock genre. Four years later, Papa and Tomorrow's Reign released their 3 song EP "Killing Time", featuring their single "Commandment of Love"
Moving away from Los Angeles in 1991, fate led Papa into exploring folk music, learning and playing fiddle and mandolin for English, Irish and Scottish folk dance troupes. Papa also joined and performed with the Dogwatch Nautical Band, a sea chantey band from 1996 until his departure in 2013.
In 2006, Papa self-released his solo album "Paroxysms of Apathy" through the online distributor CD Baby, and then re-released "Rockin the Boat" and "Killing Time" through CD Baby as well. And in 2012, Papa joined Avalon Rising, the SF Bay Area's premier Celtic Rock band, as their fiddle, mandolin and guitar player.
Every once in a while, a change is called for to keep things fresh. Currently, Papa is looking forward to melding blues, rock and Celtic folk with a psychedelic twist into something strange and new.
Savor The Gift Of Existence
I'm Cool Just Waiting On This Bench 5:22
Your Wicked Ways 4:24
Down Below 4:38
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Home INDIA & BEYOND By-poll results not pointer to BJP’s standing: Kalraj Mishra
By-poll results not pointer to BJP’s standing: Kalraj Mishra
Kolkata, Sep 20 :
Union minister Kalraj Mishra Saturday asserted that the BJP’s reversal of fortunes in the assembly by-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat should not be construed as an indication of the party losing ground.
Kalraj Mishra
“By-poll results should not be taken as a sample because the dynamics are different from the Lok Sabha elections. By-polls are fought on state issues where state leaders matter.
“So it would be wrong to assess the party’s or (Prime Minister) Narendra Modi’s popularity on the basis of these results,” Mishra told mediapersons on the sidelines of a programme here.
The BJP’s ally Shiv Sena had described the Sep 13 by-poll results as “unexpected shock and surprise”, while West Bengal’s ruling Trinamool Congress quipped that the Narendra Modi magic has faded away.
“We have won a seat in Bengal, does that mean (Chief Minister) Mamata Banerjee has lost? The dynamics are different and it is wrong to assess that the BJP has lost popularity just on the basis of these results,” said the BJP leader.
Claiming that its hold at the grassroots level was still strong, Mishra asserted that the party will bounce back, including in Uttar Pradesh where it won only three of the 11 assembly seats that went to the polls.
“Obviously we have lost a few seats but that doesn’t mean we have lost ground. There might be reasons for our defeat, but our grasp at grassroots is still strong and we will certainly bounce back. This is not a matter of concern for us,” said Mishra.
Mishra, the union minister for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), also refused to admit that the ‘love jihad’ theory was an issue raised by his party during the UP by-poll.
“It was not an issue which we raised…rather it’s some people who ostensibly made it to be our issue,” added Mishra.
“Love jihad” is a term used by Hindu hardliners for Muslim youth marrying Hindu girls with the intention of converting them to Islam.
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ILO - Recommendation concerning the Age for Admission of Children to Non-Industrial Employment R41 (Età minima in attività non industriali), 30 aprile 1932
Categoria: Convenzioni OIL
R41 Recommendation concerning the Age for Admission of Children to Non-Industrial Employment
Geneva, 30 aprile 1932
The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation,
Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its Sixteenth Session on 12 April 1932, and
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the age for admission of children to employment in non-industrial occupations, which is the third item on the agenda of the Session, and
Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of a Recommendation,
adopts this thirtieth day of April of the year one thousand nine hundred thirty-two, the following Recommendation, which may be cited as the Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Recommendation, 1932, to be submitted to the Members of the International Labour Organisation for consideration, with a view to effect being given to it by national legislation or otherwise, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation:
The Conference,
Having adopted a Convention concerning the age for admission of children to non-industrial employment, with a view to completing the international regulations laid down by the three Conventions adopted at previous Sessions concerning the age for admission of children to industrial employment, employment at sea and employment in agriculture; and
Desiring to ensure as uniform application as possible of the new Convention which leaves certain details of application to national laws or regulations;
Considers that, in spite of the variety of employments covered by the Convention and the need of making allowance for the adoption of practical methods of application varying with the climate, customs, national tradition and other conditions peculiar to individual countries, account should be taken of certain methods which have been found to give satisfactory results, and which may accordingly be a guide to the Members of the Organisation.
The Conference therefore recommends the Members to take the following rules and methods into consideration:
I. Light Work
(1) In order that children may derive full benefit from their education and that their physical, intellectual and moral development may be safeguarded, it is desirable that so long as they are required to attend school their employment should be restricted to as great an extent as possible.
(2) In determining the categories of employment in light work to which children may be admitted outside the hours of school attendance, such occupations and employments as running errands, distribution of newspapers, odd jobs in connection with the practice of sport or the playing of games, and picking and selling flowers or fruits might be taken into consideration.
(3) For the admission of children to employment in light work the competent authorities should require the consent of parents or guardians, a medical certificate of physical fitness for the employment contemplated, and, where necessary, previous consultation with the school authorities.
(4) The limitations on the hours of work per day of children employed in light work outside school hours should be adapted to the school time-table on the one hand, and to the age of the child on the other. Where instruction is given both in the morning and in the afternoon, the child should be ensured a sufficient rest before morning school, in the interval between morning and afternoon school, and immediately after the latter.
II. Employment in Public Entertainments
(5) Employment in any public entertainment, or as actors or supernumeraries in the making of cinematographic films, should in principle be prohibited for children under twelve years of age, and exceptions to this rule should be kept within the narrowest limits and only allowed in so far as the interests of art, science or education may require.
The permits to be granted by the competent authorities in individual cases should only be issued if the competent authorities are satisfied as to the nature and the particular type of the employment contemplated, if the parents' or guardians' consent has been obtained, and if the physical fitness of the child for the employment has been established. In the case of cinematographic films, measures should be taken to ensure that the children employed shall be under the supervision of a medical eye specialist. The child should also be assured of receiving good treatment and of being able to continue his education.
Each permit should specify the number of hours during which the child may be employed, with special regard to night work and work on Sundays and legal public holidays. It should be delivered for a particular entertainment, or for a limited period, and may be renewed.
III. Dangerous Employments
(6) The competent authorities should consult the principal organisations of employers and workers concerned before determining the employments which are dangerous to the life, health or morals of the persons employed, and before fixing the higher age or ages of admission to be prescribed for such employments by national laws or regulations.
Among employments of the kind referred to might be included, for example, certain employments in public entertainments such as acrobatic performances; in establishments for the cure of the sick such as employment involving danger of contagion or infection; and in establishments for the sale of alcoholic liquor such as serving customers.
Different ages for particular employments should be fixed in relation to their special dangers and in some cases the age required for girls might be higher than the age for boys.
IV. Prohibition of Employment of Children by Certain Persons
(7) With a view to safeguarding the moral interests of children persons who gave been condemned for certain serious offences or who are notorious drunkards should be prohibited from employing children other than their own, even if such children live in the same household with these persons.
V. Enforcement
(8) In order to facilitate the enforcement of the provisions of the Convention, it is desirable to institute a public system of registration and of employment or identity books for children admitted to employment.
These documents should contain, in particular, indications of the age of the child, the nature of his employment, the number of hours of work authorised, and the dates when the child began and finished his employment.
In the case of street trading the wearing of special badges should be prescribed.
In the case of children employed in public entertainments, supervising or inspecting officials should have the right of access to premises in which such entertainments are prepared or performed.
Fonte: ILO
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physical labour
Talking points: Games, sharing culture, and connecting people
15 January, 2014 13 March, 2014 PMLeave a comment
[First posted on the IGD blog on July 5, 2013]
Hello folks! This is the second of that series of more detailed talking points we mentioned. Here’s the summary from that original post:
If we’re talking about sharing culture, games are the form of culture that you (usually) have to share to experience. For that reason, games foster socialisation and allow members of the community to connect across demographic barriers like age, gender, ethnic background – even language.
We’ve previously established that games are culture. And it’s in the nature of games that most of them require playing with other people, and reward engaging attentively with the people with whom you’re playing.
When it comes to sports – i.e. body-games – these benefits are undisputed, or even (somewhat self-fulfillingly) exaggerated. There are undeniable bonding effects to exercising together for a common purpose, as anyone who’s ever undertaken strenuous physical labour with others can attest. But it seems likely to me that a considerable part of the bonding effects of sports (and especially where that bonding occurs across team lines, where time spent exercising in close proximity is not a factor) is about the intensity with which you are having to anticipate the actions of others – to imagine yourself in their position.
Everyone from mixed martial arts fighters and football players to poker and go players (or practitioners of both, such as chessboxers) speaks of the importance of understanding your opponent. And in a team context, knowing the actions (and temperaments) of your team is just as important. Clearly, any game which involves more than one player is going to reward an ability to put oneself in another’s shoes.
(And even a single-player game can reward the same kind of engagement with its creators, and analysis of their themes and arguments, as a book; but as with books, it’s a much more serial relationship, with the creator thinking about the audience only at the time of creation, and the audience thinking about the creator only after publication. Game players are interacting more simultaneously and – especially if they’re playing over a common tabletop – immediately.)
And when that understanding is paired with an activity which one finds inherently pleasurable – such as the brainwork of a game – it’s no surprise that friendships are formed at least as often as rivalries. And because games are fundamentally informational in nature, the point of commonality has no inherent link to any characteristic such as fitness, gender, age (barring the very young, because of their lack of neurological development), race… meaning games can be the basis of friendship between wildly disparate people. Think of the intense relationships formed over the chessboards of World Championships, where there may not even be a common language, and you can see how this might work.
In fact, there is a long history of games being consciously used as bonding exercises. The modern obsession with sports, which has its roots in the character-building (and in more cynical cases, army-building) ambitions of the Victorian-era educators, is just the most recent incarnation. It’s mentioned as early as Book One of the first work of Western history, Herodotus’s Histories: the ancient Lydians, faced with a famine, used games to keep their community together through 18 years of grinding hunger, eating only every second day, and playing games on the days they didn’t eat. And in the context of a starving populace, it seems hard to believe that this was Olympic-style athletic games; the games here were probably something like modern tabletop games.
This is very much applicable to the library, if we choose to use them this way. It’s a recurring theme in the comments about past IGDs. It was also an ongoing motif in the study trip I took from Australia to the States, where I spoke to people from over a dozen library services about the uses of games. Games were used to provide constructive channels for socialisation, especially for teens; but targeted appropriately, they were just as effective for adults and indeed for groups of mixed ages. (The lack of links here is because this was not regarded as worth documenting: the games were not catalogued, their use was not recorded, patron feedback was not monitored, and no metrics were captured. After all, it’s only games…)
So if you have stories about games encouraging people to socialise across demographic boundaries, share them below!
(Click here for our third Talking Points post – “Games and theory of mind”.)
Games, Games in libraries, Talking Pointsbonding, chessboxers, chessboxing, community, culture, exertion, football, go, Herodotus, Histories, International Games Day @ your library, mixed martial arts, physical labour, poker, sharing, sports, tabletop games, Talking Points, theory of mind
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Program: Hamlet
by Lisa Peterson
Directed by: Ellen McLaughlin
Dramaturg: Luan Schooler
Stage Manager: Diane Healy
Assistant Stage Manager: Violeta Picayo
Alok Tewari
Ghost, Claudius
Annie Henk
Marcellus, Cornelius, Rosencrantz, Player Queen, Sailor, Priest, English Ambassador
Ben Quinn
Barnardo, Voltemand, Guildenstern, 2 Player, Prologue, Lucianus, Fortinbras, Gravedigger
Paul Juhn
Polonius, Attendant, Gentleman, Messenger, Norweigian Captain
Pooya Mohseni
Raffi Barsoumian
Francisco, Hamlet
Ronald Peet
Laertes, Reynaldo, 1 Player, Player King
Tala Ashe
Ophelia, Servant, Osric
Terri Weagant
Lisa Peterson
Playwright, Hamlet
Recent NY credits include An Iliad, written with Denis O’Hare...
Recent NY credits include An Iliad, written with Denis O’Hare (NYTW- 2012 Obie Award, Lortel Award, Drama Desk nominations); Shipwreckedby Donald Margulies and Motherhood Outloud by 15 writers (Primary Stages); The Trestle at Pope Lick Creek by Naomi Wallace, Slavs! (Thinking About the Longstanding Problems of Virtue and Happiness) by Tony Kushner, Traps by Caryl Churchill, The Waves adapted from Virginia Woolf by Peterson and David Bucknam (Drama Desk nominations) and Light Shining in Buckinghamshire by Caryl Churchill (Obie Award for Directing), all at New York Theatre Workshop; The Fourth Sister by Janusz Glowacki and The Batting Cage by Joan Ackerman (Vineyard Theatre); The Poor Itchby John Belluso, The Square by 16 writers, and Tongue of a Bird (The Public); Collected Stories by Donald Margulies (MTC); Birdy adapted from the William Wharton novel by Naomi Wallace (Women’s Project); The Chemistry of Change by Marlane Meyer (Playwrights Horizons/WPP); The Model Apartment by Donald Margulies (Primary Stages); and Sueno by Jose Rivera (MCC). Lisa has directed regionally at the Mark Taper Forum (where she was Resident Director for 10 years), La Jolla Playhouse (Associate Director for 3 years), Guthrie, Berkeley Rep, Seattle Rep, Arena Stage, McCarter, Actors’ Theater of Louisville, Hartford Stage, Long Wharf, Yale Rep, Baltimore Center Stage, Huntington, Dallas Theater Center, Oregon Shakespeare Festival and California Shakespeare Theater. She is a Usual Suspect at NYTW, a member of Ensemble Studio Theater, and on the executive board of SDC.
Ellen McLaughlin
Ellen McLaughlin is an award-winning playwright and actor. Her plays include...
Ellen McLaughlin is an award-winning playwright and actor. Her plays include Tongue of a Bird, A Narrow Bed, Iphigenia and Other Daughters, Trojan Women, Infinity’s House, Helen, The Persians, Oedipus, Ajax in Iraq, Kissing the Floor, Septimus and Clarissa, Pericles and Penelope. Her work has been performed in New York Off-Broadway and regionally as well as overseas. Producers include The Public Theater, National Actors’ Theater, Classic Stage Co., New York Theater Workshop, The Guthrie, The Intiman, The Mark Taper Forum, Oregon Shakespeare Festival, Actors’ Theater of Louisville, and The Almeida Theater in London. Among her honors are the Susan Smith Blackburn Prize and the Lila Wallace Reader’s Digest Writer’s Award. Her Trojan Women was nominated for a 2017 Drama Desk Award for Best Adaptation.
She has taught playwrighting at Barnard College since 1995. Other teaching posts include Princeton University and Yale School of Drama.
As an actor, she is most well known for having originated the part of the Angel in Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, appearing in all workshops and productions of the play through its Broadway original run.
Luan Schooler
Dramaturg, Hamlet
Luan Schooler is the Director of New Play Development & Dramaturgy at...
Luan Schooler is the Director of New Play Development & Dramaturgy at Artists Repertory Theatre in Portland, Oregon. Since starting there in 2015, she has initiated projects with Yussef El Guindi, Larissa FastHorse, Linda Alper, Andrea Stolowitz, Dael Orlandersmith, Hansol Jung, Anthony Hudson, and Susannah Mars. Before joining Artists Rep, she was Literary Manager/Dramaturg at Berkeley Rep for several years, and worked with many writers including David Edgar, Naomi Iizuka, Salman Rushdie, Dominique Serrand, Rinde Eckert, Lillian Groag, Bridget Carpenter, and Robert Fagles. While at Berkeley Rep, she served as production dramaturg on many productions, including with Lisa Peterson on Shakespeare’s Antony & Cleopatra. At OSF, she provided dramaturgy during two seasons, including on David Edgar’s Continental Divide, a project so large it required three dramaturgs: Lue Douthit, Douglas Langworthy, and Luan Schooler. (Interesting side note: the collective noun is ‘aggravation’, as in, “an aggravation of dramaturgs”.) Prior to all these experiences, she was a company member of Perseverance Theatre in Juneau, Alaska for many years. There, she learned what makes plays tick by working with artists like Paula Vogel, John Murrell, Molly Smith, Per Olav Sorensen, Pavel Dobrusky, John Luther Adams, and many others.
Alok Tewari Broadway: The Band’s Visit Other Theatre: India Pale Ale (MTC);...
Alok Tewari Broadway: The Band’s Visit Other Theatre: India Pale Ale (MTC); Monsoon Wedding (Berkeley); The Band’s Visit (Atlantic); Awake and Sing! (Public / NAATCO); A Fable, Through the Yellow Hour, War (Rattlestick); Bunty Berman Presents, Rafta, Rafta… (New Group) Television: “BULL,” “Looming Tower,” “Iron Fist,” “House of Cards,” “Madam Secretary,” “Homeland,” “Fringe” Film: Pirates of Somalia, Shelter, Brooklyn’s Finest.
NYC Theater: City of No Illusions: The Talking Band; Triggered: The Amoralists;...
NYC Theater: City of No Illusions: The Talking Band; Triggered: The Amoralists; Cute Activist: New Saloon; The Rafa Play: Pool Plays; To The Bone: Cherry Lane Theatre; Pinkolandia; Lucy Loves Me: INTAR, La Ruta: Working Theater; The Play About my Dad: Collaboration Town; Enfrascada: Clubbed Thumb; Frank Dwyer, Sadly Missed: Ensemble Studio Theatre
Regional: Ritu Comes Home; InterAct Theatre; Pinkolandia Two River Theater; Enfrascada: Renaissance Theaterworks; Taking Flight; The Cook: Stages Repertory Theatre.
Film/TV: Friendly Neighborhood Coven, Longmire, Red Oaks, High Maintenance, That’s What She Said; East Willy B; White; Entre Nos
Member: AEA; SAG-Aftra; The Actors Center www.AnnieHenk.com
Ben Quinn is an NYC-based actor and multi-instrumentalist, originally from...
Ben Quinn is an NYC-based actor and multi-instrumentalist, originally from Cincinnati, OH. After completing his undergraduate theater training at the University of Evansville, he received his M.F.A from the American Conservatory Theater. He was nominated for Best Actor at the Planet Connections Festival Awards for the roles of Paul in ‘Rusalka’ and Mack in ‘Close Your Eyes and Sleep’ last summer. Aside from acting, he plays mandolin and guitar in his americana band The Good Morning Nags, who released their first full length album, “Hard Hope”, this past December. www.benquinn.net
Diane Healy
Diane Healy: Some NY credits: Pygmalion, Peter Pan, Cry Havoc!, Twelfth Night/What...
Diane Healy: Some NY credits: Pygmalion, Peter Pan, Cry Havoc!, Twelfth Night/What You Will, Sense & Sensibility (BEDLAM); The Father, A Doll’s House (Theatre for A New Audience). Also in NY with: Mabou Mines; Primary Stages; Playwrights Realm; Barrow Street Theatre; Soho Playhouse; Atlantic Theatre Co., LCT3, LaMama, Keen Company, The Civilians, EST. Regionally: Long Wharf Theatre, McCarter Theatre, Bucks County Playhouse, 4 seasons with Folger Theatre, 10 seasons with Shakespeare & Company, 14 seasons with Oldcastle Theatre Company. Dance & Theatre at Princeton University, Bard College, Green Mountain College, East Tennessee State University.
Paul Juhn is a Korean American actor and writer based in New York. Stage...
Paul Juhn is a Korean American actor and writer based in New York. Stage credits include Henry VI (NAATCO), Hannah and the Dread Gazebo, Merry Wives of Windsor, The Winter’s Tale, Antony and Cleopatra, Secret Love in Peach Blossom Land (Oregon Shakespeare Festival), wAve (Ma-yi Theatre Company), White Chocolate (The Culture Project), Vengeance Can Wait (P.S. 122), Sides: the Fear is Real (Mr. Miyagi’s Theatre Company). T.V. and Film credits include: Works of ART, SALT, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Quantico, 30 Rock. He is a founding member of Suffolk Street Films and Mr. Miyagi’s Theatre Company. MFA in Acting, UCSD. suffolkstreetfilms.com
Pooya Mohseni is an Iranian-American actor, writer, filmmaker and Trans activist....
Pooya Mohseni is an Iranian-American actor, writer, filmmaker and Trans activist. A New York trained actor, Pooya’s active on stage and her latest appearances include an award winning one woman show, titled “”One Woman””, in United Solo Festival at The Theatre Row, written by Cecilia Copeland & directed by Joan Kane, “”Galatea”” by MJ Kaufaman , directed by Mo Zhou for the WP Pipeline festival, “”The Good Muslim”” by Zakiyyah Alexander, directed by William Carden at Ensemble Studio Theatre and Baltimore Center Stage’s “The White Snake”, directed by Natsu Onoda Power.
Her most recent TV role is a recurring guest star on the new crime drama “”Big Dogs”” produced by Choice Films & Theatricals, directed by Mathew Penn and Tony Glazer, to be released in 2019. Her other TV appearances include a recurring role in the first season of the “”Falling Water””(USA) and the first season of “”Madam Secretary””(CBS).
She’s also in the process of producing and starring in a short film she co-wrote “”Transit: A New York City Fairytale””, about a love affair between a trans woman and a man she meets on the subway,to be released in 2020. Pooya is represented by Headline Talent Agency
Follow @Pooyaland on Instagram www.pooyaland.com
Raffi Barsoumian can currently be seen in the CBS series THE CODE. Most recently...
Raffi Barsoumian can currently be seen in the CBS series THE CODE. Most recently he appeared opposite Tom Hanks and Hamish Linklater in Henry IV (Shakespeare Center of Los Angeles) and starred on Broadway in Les Liaisons Dangereuses. Other New York theatre credits include: Privacy, Pericles (The Public Theater); King Lear, Arok of Java (Exit, Pursued By a Bear). In Los Angeles: Guards at the Taj (The Geffen Playhouse); Red Noses (The Actor’s Gang); Zoo Story, Counting the Ways (Luna Playhouse). Regionally: The Count of Monte Cristo, Antony and Cleopatra, King Lear, Cymbeline, Troilus and Cressida, Henry V (Oregon Shakespeare Festival); The Taming of the Shrew, The Merchant of Venice, Henry V (American Shakespeare Center); As You Like It, King John (Actor’s Shakespeare Company); Restoration Comedy, Don Juan (Stanford Summer Theater). International: Sedimenti (Compagnie Du Faubourg); Globe Theater International Fellowship. TV audiences might recognize him from recurring roles on Shameless and The Vampire Diaries. Barsoumian received his training at École Jacques Lecoq and Carnegie Mellon University.
Ronald Peet stars as Cooper in Netflix’s upcoming series The I-Land (w/Kate...
Ronald Peet stars as Cooper in Netflix’s upcoming series The I-Land (w/Kate Bosworth, Natalie Martinez & Alex Pettyfer). FILM: The Land of Owls, The Meyerowitz Stories, First Reformed, Nevada. TV: “The Looming Tower,” “Bull,” “Blindspot” & “Girls.” OFF-BROADWAY: “DADDY” (New Group, Vineyard), Spill (EST), Cute Activist (Bushwick Starr), Kentucky (EST/Page 73), Icarus in the LES (Joe’s Pub), The World My Mama Raised (Clubbed Thumb), Debutante (Ars Nova). REGIONAL: The Lion In Winter (Two River); peerless (Barrington Stage); The Golem Of Havana (Barrington Stage/Miami New Drama) & over 30 roles in 15 productions with American Shakespeare Center. Member of Ensemble Studio Theatre & Graduate of NYU’s Tisch School of the Arts.
Off-Broadway: Troilus and Cressida (The Public: Shakespeare in the Park),...
Off-Broadway: Troilus and Cressida (The Public: Shakespeare in the Park), The Profane (Playwrights Horizons); The Who and the What (LCT3); Urge for Going (The Public), Theatre for One: Barrel Wave (Signature). Regional: Head over Heels, The Happiest Song Plays Last, Troilus and Cressida, The Very Merry Wives of Windsor, Iowa (Oregon Shakespeare Festival), Welcome to Arroyo’s (The Old Globe); Love’s Labour’s Lost (The Huntington). TV: “Legends of Tomorrow” (currently), “American Odyssey,” “Smash,” “Law and Order: CI,” “Covert Affairs,” “30 Rock,” “Law and Order.” Other: Sundance Theater and Film Institute, BFA: Boston University, LAMDA, UCB.
Terri Weagant is Brooklyn-based actor, solo performer and writer. She has...
Terri Weagant is Brooklyn-based actor, solo performer and writer. She has performed in many parts of the US, Canada, Australia and the Czech Republic. Regional theatre credits include Roe (Asolo Repertory Theatre; Handy Award), Bo-Nita (Urbanite Theatre), Every Brilliant Thing (Denizen Theatre), A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Antony and Cleopatra, Julius Caesar, Measure for Measure, Henry V (Seattle Shakespeare Company), These Streets (ACT Theatre), The Cider House Rules (Book It Repertory Theatre), Antony and Cleopatra (Consolidated Works), Archangels Don’t Play Pinball (CHAC), Karaoke Suicide is Painless (Radial Theatre Project). Film and television credits include Mozart in the Jungle (Amazon), The Jazzman’s Jazzman (CroMagnon Films), Big Boy (Pinprick Films). Terri is producer of the documentary film Above the Bamboo Room, which will premiere in Haines, Alaska in 2019. She currently teaches at The Playwrights Horizons Theatre School at NYU.
Violeta Picayo
Violeta Picayo Off-Broadway: Sense and Sensibility, Uncle Romeo Vanya Juliet,...
Violeta Picayo Off-Broadway: Sense and Sensibility, Uncle Romeo Vanya Juliet, Peter Pan, New York Animals (Bedlam). New York: Twelfth Night and What You Will, The Seagull (Bedlam), Julius Caesar (Pocket Universe), RadioBABEL (SITI Lab), This Is How…to Dance (SITI Company), Taming of the Shrew (Tale Told), soft (NYSAF). Regional: Bedlam’s Sense and Sensibility (American Repertory Theater, Portland Center Stage), The Connector (NYSAF), Young Playwrights Festival (Eugene O’Neill Theater Center). International: We Must Live (Cellar Theatre, UK), American Blues, The Importance of Being Earnest (Edinburgh Fringe), Thyestes (OYL, Greece). Violeta is a company member at Bedlam and a proud graduate of the SITI Conservatory, NTI, and Vassar College.
Hannah Lang
Assistant Line Producer
Hannah Lang is a producer and theatre-maker living in Brooklyn. She is currently...
Hannah Lang is a producer and theatre-maker living in Brooklyn. She is currently working as the Programming Associate at NYMF and as an Artistic Associate at Hypokrit Theatre Company, in addition to being the proud founder of Three of Cups Theatre Collective. She is a recent graduate of St. John’s University, where she earned her M.A. in History. She is most passionate about producing work that uplifts voices of marginalized communities. She recently assistant directed Molly Houlahan on Hypokrit’s R+J, and is a former intern of The New Victory Theater, New York Musical Festival, and Honest Accomplice Theatre. Thank you to the entire Play On Shakespeare team!
Who needs a five-act structure? See what Hamlet is about in only three panels...
Cameron Bell, Erin Michelitsch, Micah Ammons,
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PMR’s Core Philosophies.
Our Mission and Core Philosophies
MISSION A mission statement clearly defines the primary contributions an organization makes to the community it serves. It focuses on what is truly important to the organization and clarifies its purpose for existing. Our mission statement is as follows:
Portland Mountain Rescue is dedicated to saving lives through rescue and mountain safety education
VISION STATEMENT A vision statement is a vivid description of an organization that defines where they expect to be in the future. It creates alignment around shared goals and challenges people to work towards a common dream. It provides a view of the future, a clear sense of direction, a mobilization of energy and gives a sense of ultimate meaning to the actions of an organization. Our vision statement is as follows:
Portland Mountain Rescue is a leader in the mountaineering community and recognized as experts in mountain and high angle rescue. We perform as a skilled team of motivated volunteers that work collaboratively with other search and rescue organizations. We set the highest standards for ourselves and the organization in order to respond with advanced, cutting-edge capabilities. As an organization, we are financially self-sufficient. Our members contribute with pride, commitment and strong morale to our mission while serving the outdoor and mountaineering community.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES Guiding principles defines what an organization considers to be appropriate behaviors and identifies an organization’s culture and belief system. These principles provide a constant foundation in an environment that is always changing. Our guiding principles are as follows:
Teamwork. Provide leadership and work collaboratively. Foster teamwork through mentoring and education and create camaraderie that results in a cohesive organization.
Safety. Recognize and mitigate hazards while maintaining the highest standards for team safety. Mandate safe practices internally and exhibit them while interacting with the climbing community.
Excellence. Strive to achieve excellence in all aspects of what we do. Recognize our weaknesses and continuously improve through an open and supportive learning environment. Exercise the highest level of competence in adverse conditions. Balance the confidence of excellence with humility.
Commitment. Be accountable to pursuing the mission of PMR, to our high standards and to each other. Possess a passion for serving the altruistic needs of PMR and remain dedicated to achieving our desired results through involvement.
Respect. Maintain a respect and appreciation for the unique contributions and level of involvement that each member offers. Respect the needs and desires of those we serve and for the natural environment in which we operate.
Enjoyment. Embrace the unique nature of what we do and to celebrate the enjoyment and fun that can accompany it. Seek opportunities that allow us to capitalize on our shared passion for the mountains and the outdoors.
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IMHO: Critiquing the Critic
December 24, 2008 By upinvermont in Criticism, Opinion, Wilbur, Richard Tags: Best Poetry Blog, Better Poetry Blog, Formal Poetry, Formalist, Good Poetry Blog, Great Poet, Great Poetry Blog, Great Poets, John Holcombe, Richard Wilbur, The New Formalism, The Things of This World 6 Comments
I was googling the net for “new formalists” and came across a good article by John Holcombe called The New Formalism. I found the article brief but insightful – neatly summing up the pros and cons of the New Formalist poetic- most of it analysis and some review. There was one passage that tweaked me though. This was criticism of Richard Wilbur’s poem, The Things of This World, referencing a critique by Marjorie Perloff.
Criticism can generally be broken into three kinds – Analysis, Review & Literary Criticism. There is a place for all three, but I usually prefer analysis because, in the case of poetry, it analyzes the poem on its own terms and teaches me how the poet accomplishes the art of poetry. Literary Criticism all too easily seems to veer into ideological or dogmatic criticism.
Holcombe summed Perloff up this way:
“But misgivings had been voiced much earlier by Marjorie Perloff {33} who said of the title poem of The Things of This World (1956) collection, which begins:
The eyes open to a cry of pulleys,
And spirited from sleep, the astounded soul
Hangs for a moment bodiless and simple.
As false dawn. Outside the open window
The morning air is all awash with angels.
that, for all the New Criticism values of depersonalization, ambiguity, tension, and paradox so brilliantly displayed, the aloof conceit of washing viewed as disembodied angels took some swallowing. Could we forget what laundry actually involved and looked like from a New York apartment? Wasn’t the St. Augustine-derived title, “Love Calls us to the Things of This World” more a studious, male-orientated avoidance of things as they were in the world?”
I found Perloff’s original criticism linked in the footnotes.
Perloff wastes no time laying her cards on the table. Here is how she begins: “This much anthologized poem provides us with an interesting index to Establishment poetics in the mid-fifties.”
This is no analysis. Perloff appears only tangentially interested in the poem. From the outset, we know she wants to talk about: “Establishment poetics in the mid-fifties”. This is her world, the world of critical schools and theories, not poetry. Such criticism can be its own art form – using literature to create its own literature – but it exists in a sort of parallel universe. (Nowadays one must expend considerable effort to be truly conversant in the various critical paradigms.)
Literary Criticism, as I use the term, may be Feminists, Marxists, Postcolonial, Semiotic, Freudian; and while critics of the various schools may have many interesting and illuminating things to say about how they read poetry (and ultimately about themselves and their opinions), they sometimes have little or nothing to say about how the poet intended the poem. They don’t care and have said so. In most cases, their observations, while relevant from the perspective of a modern reader or performer, are entirely anachronistic in terms of the work being discussed.
Perloff’s analysis amounts to about one sentence: ” Its thirty lines are divided into six five-line stanzas, the meter being predominantly iambic pentameter (“Sóme are in smócks: but trúly thére they áre”), with some elegant variation, as when a line is divided into steps (see lines 4, 15, 18, 30), presumably to create a more natural look. A similar effect is gained by the absence of end rhyme, although there is a good deal of alliteration and assonance…”
And now that she has, almost flippantly, tipped her hat to the poem, she gets on with her feminist axe-grinding, telling us nothing about the poem but a great deal about Ms. Perloff. Here is one of her more pointed passages:
“But if, as Wilbur himself explains it, the scene is outside the upper-story window of an apartment building, in front of which “the first laundry of the day is being yanked across the sky,” the reality is that the sheets and shirts would probably be covered with specks of dust, grit, maybe even with a trace or two of bird droppings. At best, those sheets seen (if seen at all) from Manhattan highrise windows in the fifties, billowing over the fire-escapes under the newly installed TV aerials, would surely be a bit on the grungy side.”
Perloff is excoriating Wilbur for writing a poem that is seemingly out of touch with the realities of cleaning laundry – the laborious, hand-chaffing, skin-cracking work of “Woman”. In short, she accuses him of being a male, self-absorbed (male avoidance) day-dreamer – out of touch with the realities of women’s labor – never mind that men have been known to do their own laundry. (Evidence must exist somewhere.) What’s ironic, though, is that she herself writes as if she knows better.
She writes: “the reality is… probably…”
Probably? It’s a disingenuous argument. After excoriating Wilbur for being out of touch, it turns out that she doesn’t know what she’s talking about either! If she doesn’t know (and clearly she doesn’t) then her criticism is just as aloof as Wilbur’s so-called daydream. But not content to leave it at that, she adds: “shirts would probably be covered with specks of dust, grit, maybe even with a trace or two of bird droppings…”
I’ve lived in the city and I lived in the country. I’ve hung laundry out to dry. I’ve never, to this day, had bird droppings on my laundry (which isn’t to say it never happens); and its never been grungy. If Perloff were probably right, who would hang their laundry out to dry? If it’s going to need another cleaning just for being hung on the line, why bother? What is especially absurd is that Perloff’s commentary has nothing whatsoever to do with the poetry. What point is she making? – that Wilbur is wallowing in male avoidance? So what? What about the poem?
Perloff’ self-serving disingenuousness continues. She writes, for example, : “those sheets seen… from Manhattan highrise windows…” Well, ok, but who said anything about highrises? Not Wilbur. He himself called it the “upper-story window of an apartment building“. But Perloff disingenuously and self-servingly interprets this as a highrise window, all to make Wilbur’s poem seem ridiculous and unrealistic. Proceeding from her straw man, rather than the poem, she belittles Wilbur along with the poem. And to what purpose?
Perloff asks: “The poem refers to “rosy hands in the rising steam”–no doubt, as Eberhart remarks, an allusion to Homer’s “rosy-fingered dawn” (AO 4), but where are the real hands of those laundresses, hands that Eliot, half a century earlier, had seen “lifting dingy shades in a thousand furnished rooms?”
Perloff’s question is trite. Yes, I suppose Wilbur could have written a poem about, as she puts it, a woman “who only dreams of better detergents“, but this is criticizing the poem for not being what it isn’t. (It’s also an ironically sexist comment.)
She might as well complain that the hammer makes a poor screw driver.
Perloff wants us to believe that Wilbur and his poem are aloof or as John Holcombe summarizes: an aloof conceit. However, the same could be said of Perloff’s critique. Wilbur didn’t set out to write the kind of poem she thinks it should have been. To spend so many words pointing this out is to say nothing about the poem – but much about Perloff’s own ideology and dogma. The best criticism would help the reader understand Wilbur’s poem on its own terms and in its own aesthetic milieu – a masterfully constructed conceit which many readers have enjoyed and rightfully praised. How did he do it? What can we learn from it? What makes the poem so moving to so many? – even in 1956.
These, to me, are the questions worth asking.
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2019 Season Preview
After a long, cold off-season, the track crew has been hard at work getting ready for the Saturday, May 4 season opener. Six months ago, Bobby Pierce (32) took the checkered flag at the 30th Annual Pittsburgher 100, ending the 2018 racing season at PPMS. While some race teams celebrated a lot of success in 2018, other teams did not.
Justin Lamb (93X), from Findlay Township, won his second consecutive points championship in the Diehl Automotive RUSH Late Model Dirt Series at PPMS in 2018. In preparation for the season, Lamb (93X) said, “[I am looking forward to] just getting back to the track, and focusing on winning more races.” Lamb (93X) will run a more limited schedule this season to spend more time with his family, but when he does race, “it’s to win.” Lamb (93X) finished the 2018 season with 1,425 points, 132 more points than second-place Logan Zarin (1Z), from Moon Township. Zarin (1Z) won the Western Pennsylvania Rookie of the Year Award, given by a panel of 50 media members and track officials from Western Pennsylvania. Walt Wimer created the award in 1968. Zarin (1Z) was the fifty-first winner of the award, and he won the award by a large margin. John Mollick (60M) from Toronto, Ohio finished in third with 1,248 points, while Christian Schneider (1ST) from Pittsburgh finished in fourth place with 1,241 points. Schneider (1ST) said, “I’m looking to bettering myself from the previous years and being consistent, running up front. [I’m excited about] everyone’s smiles at the races because it’s all-around such a fun time and I believe there is nothing better than being around people and going fast!” Mike Reft (9R) from Whitehall wasn’t as fortunate when his car was totaled in a horrible accident on August 4th. Reft (9R) would walk away from the accident but his car wasn’t as lucky, which put him out for the remainder of the season. The accident happened one week before the 28th Annual Jook George Memorial, a race that Reft (9R) has dominated in the past, leading all 40 laps, and taking home the win in 2016. Reft (9R) is the only driver to lead all 40 laps in the 28-year history of the Jook George Memorial. Reft (9R) also plans on running a limited schedule but he is always a contender in the Diehl Automotive RUSH Late Model Dirt Series. The “Midway Missile” Daryl Charlier (12C) had the most Diehl Automotive RUSH Late Model Dirt Series wins with six but still finished in seventh place with 1,052 points due to a limited schedule. Charlier (12C) plans to mostly race on the Penn Ohio Pro Stock Series with J&J racing, owned by Ben Laboon. Charlier’s (12C) father used to drive for Laboon’s father. With a lot of the top guys planning on running limited schedules, the door will be wide open in the 2019 points race for the Diehl Automotive RUSH Late Model Dirt Series at PPMS.
Greg Beach (33X), from Chicora, dominated the PPMS Pro Stock division in 2018. Beach (33X) had seven wins and took home the championship with 1,247 points. During the off-season, Beach (33X) became the crew chief for Alex Ferree (4). Beach (33X) said, “It’s going well, just getting started racing and trying to shake down a brand new XR1. [We’re] also trying to get Alex and I communicating on the same page to make the best adjustments on the car to suit his driving style.” With Beach’s (33X) new position, if he does race local at PPMS, it will be a limited schedule. Dave McManus (114) from Elizabeth finished in second place with 1,172 points. McManus (114) is also on the J&J racing team owned by Ben Laboon. Charlier (112) and McManus (114) will both be racing the Penn Ohio Pro Stock series for Laboon, and McManus (114) plans on racing locally at PPMS when the schedule permits. Again, with some of the top drivers racing elsewhere, the PPMS Pro Stock points race should be wide open in 2019.
Stephen Shelpman (17S) from Pleasant Hills had eight wins in the Keystone Coach Works Hobby Stock division and he took home his second consecutive championship. Shelpman (17S) plans on defending his title in 2019 and when asked about the upcoming season he said, “I want to go three for three and have more championships on dirt than asphalt.” Shelpman said, “I’m looking forward mostly to trying to get my dads car more competitive. We concentrated so much on my car that his never really got a lot of attention. This winter we put a lot of research into setups and I think we’ll really turn the corner on his car.” Ed Shelpman (17P) has been involved in racing for 11 years and was his son Stephen’s crew chief when he started racing the backup car last season. E. Shelpman (17P) finished eight out of sixteen in points in 2018. Casey Grumling (77X) from Elrama had one feature win in 2018 but finished in second place, only 25 points behind S. Shelpman (17S). Grumling (77X) said, “I’m looking forward to being a two-car owner for the first time and hopefully give [S.] Shelpman [17S] a run for the championship and coming out on top for my second championship” Grumling will drive the 77X car and his other car (7X) will be driven by different people throughout the season. Ben Anton (13) from Jefferson Hills finished in third during his rookie Hobby Stock season with 1,151 points. B. Anton (13) dominated the Three Rivers Karting Young Guns division before moving up to a Hobby Stock in 2018. B. Anton (13) said, “I’ll be trying to get to the front of the pack now that the rookie season is over.” Tom Anton (64), Ben’s dad, will be moving up to the Hobby Stock division this season after racing in the Open Four Cylinder division. Karlee Kovacs (221K) finished in fourth place with 994 points and (221K) dominated the Three Rivers Karting Young Guns division. The Keystone Coach Works Hobby Stock division always has some of the best racing of the night and 2019 should be no different.
The “dominator” Andy Garlinger (R88) from Hopedale, Ohio lived up to his nickname in 2018 with 10 wins, en route to the Open Four Cylinder track championship. Garlinger (R88) said, “I’m just hoping to have a good year, have a bunch of clean races, and race with a bunch of good drivers.” Garlinger (R88) also won the Open Four Cylinder track championship at 250 Speedway. Craig Rudolph (5R) from Steubenville, Ohio will jump back into his Open Four Cylinder after taking a year off to help his daughter Susie Rudolph (55), who races in the Three Rivers Karting Young Guns division.
S. Rudolph (55) from Steubenville, Ohio had seven feature wins in the Three Rivers Karting Young Guns division but she finished third in points behind Frank Magill (05) of Jefferson Hills and Kyle Janus (88) from Coraopolis, who finished first and second respectively. S. Rudolph (55) said, “This year I’m really looking forward to being back in my happy place, doing something that I love, and reaching some of my goals I set for myself this season.” S. Rudolph (55) has some big goals for the upcoming season and also said, “I’m going to try to win the championship this year and I’m going to try my best to beat the record for most wins in a row,” a record that she almost beat in 2018. There will be at least one rookie in the Three Rivers Karting Young Guns division in 2019. Cameron Lambert (22 the 3rd) from Mars will race in his rookie season at PPMS in 2019. C. Lambert (22 the 3rd) is looking forward to getting seat time and having a fun experience.
The 2019 season at PPMS will be action-packed with the five regular weekly divisions. PPMS will also see a number of different divisions, such as, The Elite Modified Series, The RUSH Sportsman Modified Series, The RUSH Sprint Car Series, BOSS Sprints, 410 Winged Sprints, and more. Some of the bigger races on the schedule include, The Ed Laboon Memorial (June 1), The Herb Scott Memorial (June 29), The Red Miley Rumble (July 20), The Jook George Memorial (August 10), and The Pittsburgher 100 (October 4 & 5). PPMS hopes to see everyone at the track for an action-packed season, beginning on Saturday, May 4.
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Winds may finally clear 'scary' pollution from China's skies
by Nomaan Merchant
A man wears a mask with a skeleton design near the smoggy night scene of the Central Business District under construction in Beijing, China, Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Chinese weather forecasters and state media say the dense, gray smog that has smothered much of China, closing schools and grounding planes, may finally soon give way. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)
The dense smog that has smothered much of China for five days may finally soon clear, forecasters and state media said Wednesday, giving relief to hundreds of millions of people breathing dangerously polluted air and struggling under the government's emergency measures.
The national weather authority forecast that nighttime winds will push out much of the pollution that has left Beijing and dozens of other cities under a five-day "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered warning system. Schools were closed, flights canceled and factories and highways shut down in attempts to improve the air quality. But the prolonged red alert disrupted the lives of many in Beijing's capital.
A grandmother and her grandson ventured outside their home on Wednesday for the first time in several days. The boy had stayed home from school since Monday and was getting bored inside, said the woman, who would only give her surname of Yang. "The pollution is rather scary, so we don't go out or go very far," she said.
By the calculations of Greenpeace East Asia, the red alert affects 460 million people, with about 200 million people living in areas where the air was polluted more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization.
Beijing's air pollution readings remained many times above safe levels. WHO designates the safe level of PM2.5, the tiny, poisonous particles that are easily inhaled and damage lung tissue, at 25 micrograms per cubic meter. Those readings exceeded 400 throughout Beijing, with nearby cities worse, on Wednesday.
A carpark attendant dressed as Santa Claus wears a mask during a hazy day in Beijing, China, Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)
China has long had some of the worst air in the world, blamed on its reliance on coal and a surplus of older, less efficient cars. It has set pollution reduction goals, but also has plans to increase coal mining capacity and eased caps on production when faced with rising energy prices.
Ordinary Chinese pay close attention to air pollution readings and government statements on smog, often with deep skepticism.
China's Ministry of Environmental Protection acknowledged this week that its inspectors found some factories violating anti-pollution edicts. And despite announcements of school closings in areas under red alerts, photos shared widely on Chinese social media showed students in Henan province hunched over their desks taking an exam while shrouded in a gray haze. State media reported the school principal was suspended "for causing a bad impact on society."
A man wearing a mask for protection against air pollution pushes his luggage at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
The shutdown of hundreds of construction sites—and a ban in some parts of Beijing on spray painting—has affected the thousands of migrants from China's provinces who come to the capital seeking menial work.
"We have stopped for five days now," said one migrant worker from Henan province who gave his surname of Geng. "We haven't earned a penny. We live off our own savings. We spend 30 RMB (about $4.30) on living expenses every day that we don't work."
An airport worker wearing a mask for protection against air pollution loads goods on to an Air China passenger plane at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
People wearing masks for protection against air pollution push their luggage at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
A passenger plane flies over a highway outside the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
A man is silhouetted in front of an Air China passenger plane preparing to take off at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
A man wearing a mask for protection against air pollution looks at a flight information board at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
An Air China passenger plane prepares to land at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China through heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
A passenger plane prepares to land at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China in heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
Air China passenger planes preparing to take off at the Beijing Capital International Airport as the capital of China is shrouded by heavy smog on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016. Beijing and much of industrial northern China are in the midst of a "red alert," the highest level in China's four-tiered pollution warning system. The alert has affected 460 million people, according to Greenpeace East Asia, which calculated that about 200 million people were living in areas that had experienced levels of air pollution more than 10 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
China says smog blanketing cities may finally soon fade
Citation: Winds may finally clear 'scary' pollution from China's skies (2016, December 21) retrieved 18 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2016-12-scary-pollution-china.html
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Out-of-Control Multiculturalism at Berkeley High School
By William M. Briggs 2010-01-15T03:51:15
Berkeley High School (BHS) might drop its science labs from its curriculum.
The reason? Too many white kids -- or not enough non-white kids, depending on your perspective -- were taking these classes. According to an article in the East Bay Express, whacking the labs is intended to address BHS's "dismal racial achievement gap." The decision to make this change by the School Governance Council was "virtually unanimous."
BHS science teachers were said to be "horrified" by the proposal. One pleaded, vainly, that the labs had a good share of non-whites: "17.5 percent African American and 13.9 percent Latino."
This breakdown of students proves the lamentable "gap" spoken of by Berkeley commandants isn't in enrollment, but in grades. The white kids are doing better in excess of what is acceptable -- or the non-white kids are doing worse, depending on your perspective -- such that the heart-warming state of equality is absent.
If equality of outcome with respect to grades is BHS's goal, then eliminating the lab courses does ensure that all students will be equally poor in science. And when the administrators bring their report cards home, the paperwork will show an increase in "equality."
The only problem with this pedagogical prestidigitation, like with all magic tricks, is that it can only be used once, or maybe twice. Resort to it too often, and the audience will see the rabbit up your sleeve.
But if BHS could get it away with it again, the next thing to go would be the other science and then the math classes, courses which are nothing better than inequality factories.
You might think that axing all those courses would leave a big whole in kids' days, but do not despair, because there are plenty of alternatives in BHS's books.
Like the required "History of the Americas" course, where emphasis is on "the formation of students' own opinions of events." This is a sister course to "Globalization," where the kids "shall draft a more effective decision-making mechanism of world government," mainly by re-creating the "process[es] within the U.N. General Assembly and Security Council."
These subjects are merely preliminary to "Politics and Power" ("students largely run this course") and "Contemporary La Raza History," which "covers the spectrum of experiences of our Raza." By which, presumably, they do not necessary mean my Raza, but a specific other Raza.
Seats will rarely remain empty in "Popular Culture in 20th Century America":
This course examines "texts" as diverse as mural paintings, street theater, rap music, women's art, immigrant stories, and MTV to analyze their role in shaping American society. Popular Culture is designed to teach students skills in critically examining the historical role of popular culture in defining racial issues, the regulation of sexuality, and consumer society. It also explores popular forms of resistance to the dominant culture.
If no room is left in the "Eco-Literacy and Social Justice Seminar," kids might opt for the fall-back "Social Justice Seminar," where the question "What can I do to bring about social change for a more just society?" is answered.
"World Literature," offered by the School -- yes, they have a whole school for this -- for Social Justice and Ecology, "builds on the skills and knowledge acquired in the Freshperson [sic] Seminar." This course "pushes students to become thoughtful, creative, empathic, and deeply analytical members of a global society."
The Newcomer Program for English Learners offers "Literature of Diversity." Sports requirements can be met with "Funk Aerobic Exercise" and "Ultimate Frisbee."
BHS will surely keep all offerings from its African American Department. There, students can open their minds with "African American Journalism" or "Advanced African American Journalism." From their course descriptions, these appear to be identical in substance with non-African American Journalism courses (which BHS also offers). Just as the course "African American Economics" doesn't differ from non-African American Economics.
Anyway, African American Journalism probably fills up fast, so students should also consider "Black Gold, Black Soul, Black Dynamite," a class devoted to the "exciting study of the black speechmakers in African American history."
"Black Psychology" -- whose major objective "is to impart a clear knowledge of what African-Centered thought is" -- could be that easy "A" a lot of kids seek because it "is not a lecture course." Major "emphasis is on classroom discussion." What is cooler than sitting around and grieving?
Boys ("pre-men"?) will be particularly interested in "Black Male/Female Relationships," where razor-sharp discussions of "black male emasculation" and the "the matriarchal syndrome" can be found. It's not as frightening as it sounds -- the practical side of the class covers "pimp psychology."
Finally, "Kiswahili," which has about 5 million world-wide speakers, can be taken in place of the more usual French or Spanish.
You would be forgiven if you forgot that these are Berkeley High School courses, and not offerings from Berkeley "Leftist Bias? What Bias?" University. The good news is that for students graduating from BHS, the transition from high school to university will be seamless.
They won't need to take a lab-based science course there, either.
https://pjmedia.com/blog/out-of-control-multiculturalism-at-berkeley-high-school/
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India Rose Madderom
India Rose first came into the limelight on the hit Channel 7 Show the X Factor, where she sung her way to the final six and established herself as a name in the world of music.
Since her time on the show, India’s passion for singing has taken her across the world, including tours of Egypt, Dubai and the United States.
She has starred in an array of television, film and online productions, most recently being a musical series, Spotlight, in which she plays a singer trying to make it in the competitive music industry. Her original music features heavily, as well as covers of other Australian artists.
Bringing her expertise in vocals and performance, India Rose is available as a solo performer with backing track, duo with acoustic guitar or with bands and DJ sound system such as La Fiesta. With her versatility and extensive repertoire of hundreds of covers, whether it’s pop, hip-hop, acoustic romantic, RnB, jazz, or dance, India is perfect for any formal function, wedding or party.
To name a few, she has performed for industry professionals such as Sir Richard Branson, Natalie Imbruglia, Ronan Keating and Guy Sebastian, as well as the companies Facebook, Mercedes Benz, TodayFM, Forces Entertainment, Taste Sydney, Hemmesphere, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Star Ship Cruises and more.
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Spend too much or too little on housing and a child’s cognitive performance suffers
CONTACT: Jill Rosen
jrosen@jhu.edu
Johns Hopkins University researchers explored the effects of affordable housing on the cognitive development, physical health, and emotional wellbeing of children living in poverty. Though how much a family spent on housing had no affect on a child’s physical or social health, when it came to cognitive ability, it was a game changer.
When a family spent more than half of their income on housing, their children’s reading and math ability tended to suffer, found Sandra J. Newman, a Johns Hopkins professor of policy studies, working with researcher C. Scott Holupka. Children’s cognitive abilities also took a hit a hit when families spent less than 20 percent of their income on housing.
“Families spending about 30 percent of their income on housing had children with the best cognitive outcomes,” said Newman, who is also director of the university’s Center on Housing, Neighborhoods and Communities. “It’s worse when you pay too little and worse when you pay too much.”
The researchers relied on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its Child Development Supplements as well as data from the 2004-2009 Consumer Expenditure Surveys. They focused on families with incomes at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty guideline.
The findings are highlighted in two new journal articles, Housing affordability and investments in children, published in the Journal of Housing Economics, and Housing affordability and child well-being, published in Housing Policy Debate.
More than 88 percent of renters with the lowest incomes spent more than 30 percent of their income on rent, according to the 2009 American Community Survey. And the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s latest report on affordable housing states household incomes must be at least 105 percent of the area median for a family to find decent, affordable housing units.
Families that spent most of their money on housing spent less on things like books, computers and educational outings needed for healthy child development, Newman and Holupka found. Families that didn’t invest enough in housing likely ended up in the sort of distressed neighborhoods and inadequate dwellings that can also take a toll on children.
“The markedly poorer performance of children in families with extremely low housing cost burdens undercuts the housing policy assumption that a lower housing cost burden is always best,” Newman said. “Rather than finding a bargain in a good neighborhood, they’re living in low-quality housing with spillover effects on their children’s development.”
Newman and Holupka found families who had obtained truly affordable housing, spending roughly 30 percent of their income on it, did indeed spend more money on enrichment for their kids.
When a family moved from spending more than half of its income on housing to the 30 percent ideal, they invested an average of $98 more on their children, the researchers found. Not a lot of money, but enough to make a difference. Even when families increased the amount spent on housing — from spending 10 percent of their income to 30 percent — they spent about $170 more on child enrichment.
“People are making trade-offs,” Holupka said, “and those trade-offs have implications for their children.”
The MacArthur Foundation supported this research.
Johns Hopkins University news releases are available online, as is information for reporters. Find more Johns Hopkins stories on the Hub.
Posted in Social Sciences
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New York’s Ransom Pier is built around the singularly evocative voice of lead vocalist Hayley Harrington and a rich catalog of songs drawn from the great American tradition of Bob Dylan, John Prine, and the Grateful Dead. Their “absurdly good” debut EP, If They Can’t Take a Joke, was released in 2015; and the ensuing years have firmly established the band as a rising star in Americana music.
Hurray for the Riff Raff
83.9K Spotify Streams
1,053 Facebook Followers
721 Instagram Followers
5,249 Youtube Views
7,727 Soundcloud Plays
"Hardy, pulsating folk songs rooted in raw emotion and the circadian rhythms of still life in the big city."
Rhythm & Boots
"Hayley Harrington’s vocals have that [perfect] jazzy edge."
Folk Radio UK
"[A thumbed nose at] the formulaic boundaries of typical songcraft."
Mother Church Pew
"Absurdly good."
If It's Too Loud
management@ransompierband.com
“Telling stories that are relatable and don’t try too hard is important to me,” says Ransom Pier’s Hayley Harrington as she sits at the table of her childhood home on the North Shore of Long Island. “Most songs start from a single lyric or concept and work their way outwards from there.” The way Hayley tells it, her obsession with lyrics and storytelling was born in middle school as she immersed herself in the work of Bob Dylan, the Band, CSNY, and the Grateful Dead. She honed her craft by composing new verses to her favorite songs before, eventually, building a collection of her own original material and searching for a band.
Formed in 2015, Ransom Pier has maintained an emphasis on intimacy and simplicity over the course of their young career. “Hayley played Love’s a Bitch at the jam session where we first met, and I remember being very struck by the bare honesty of her playing,” says bassist William Carrigan. “To this day, if we don’t love the way an idea sounds with just her or just the two of us, that idea isn’t ready to be a song just yet.” The resulting output has included extensive touring in the eastern United States behind two EPs - If They Can’t Take a Joke (2015) and Feels Like Home to Me (2019) - a studio album - Beauty & Demise (2017) - and a live album - New York, NY 12/15/18 (2019). Love’s a Bitch, Turn Your Head, Just Waiting, and the rest of the band’s catalog offer listeners music that feels familiar on first listen and has won glowing comparisons to Bonnie Raitt, Susan Tedeschi, and Norah Jones.
Looking ahead, the now Brooklyn-based Americana duo aim to release two more EPs in 2019 and continue to build a regional and national following. “Our band does a great job of creating space and listening to one another,” says Hayley. “We’ve started approaching our studio sessions like live performances; so with minor exceptions, everything you hear on a Ransom Pier record was tracked live in a single take. That collective energy is everything.”
Hayley and William are generally joined by Evan Harris (Six Time Users, Robbing Johnny) on guitar and Max Maples (NOARU, Blak Emoji) on drums. To date, they have performed alongside the Whiskey Treaty Roadshow, the Other Favorites, Maelyn Jarmon, Copilot, Tom Walker, Mike & the Moonpies, Hannah Wicklund & the Stepping Stones, and Sarah Lee Guthrie. “Realistically, we’re just hitting our stride,” says William. “Each of us knows where we need to sit musically in order for the words and stories to shine through.” As Hayley’s voice soars over larger and increasingly delighted audiences, Ransom Pier’s future seems bright indeed.
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‘Immunize and Protect your Child’: Nursing Notes, April 1977
Posted by RCOG Heritage Collections Blog on April 16, 2014 November 6, 2017
There are two particular themes which run through this month’s issue of Midwives Chronicle: both these themes have particular resonance today and the reader could be mistaken in thinking that the world hadn’t changed much in 30 years! In April 1977 the Council of the Royal College of Midwives was discussing the particular themes of support for the independence of women, and the concerns over the take-up of infant vaccinations, in particular the vaccine against poliomyelitis.
The UK benefit system is a subject hotly discussed within Parliament in the current environment, and so it seems a pertinent time to show how well received the child benefit scheme was received when it was introduced 36 years ago in April 1977. It was seen as a major advancement in supporting women in raising their children independently of their husbands, and was a replacement for the tax allowance that was previously in place. Under the scheme a £1 weekly benefit was to be paid for each of the country’s seven million first or only children, with further stages of the scheme to be operational by April 1979. This was regarded as a ‘major breakthrough for women’. Arguments that changes in circumstances make this benefit obsolete make us wonder how much things have really changed for the working mother.
The theme of the working mother is continued in a second article in this month’s issue, providing details of a survey on the problems of working women with dependents undertaken by the Inter-Professional Working Party. This survey revealed that three out of five women who had children under five years old were employed over 30 hours per week, while half the working women with young children at school did not get home from work until ‘well after the children are out of school’, and over half of all working women considered that they spent an extra £3-£4 on ‘convenience food’ which they would not buy if they were not working. It could be argued that the development of ‘convenience food’ (apart from making the 1970s so memorable – Vesta curry anyone?!) is the very factor which made it possible for women to go out to work and not be tied to the kitchen.
The second theme of uptake of vaccinations is covered in a news article, with details of a statement by the Secretary of State for Social Services, David Ennals, concerning the drop in vaccinations following damage caused to a small number of children by the whooping cough vaccine. From 1975 there were concerns about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine, and there were major epidemics in 1977 and 1981: 1978 saw over 68,000 notifications and 14 deaths. A similar situation emerged again in the 1990s with concerns over the MMR vaccine, resulting in the emergence of the measles and mumps viruses among infants some years later. The front cover of Midwives Chronicles shows a picture taken from publicity material issued by the World Health Organisation for World Health Day, with the theme ‘Immunize and Protect your Child’.
World Health Organisation Promotional Image
Other articles of note include a report on a study tour of the continent undertaken by a midwife, comparing practices with those in the UK, and also a very nice case study compiled by a student midwife in preparation for her Central Midwives Board examination relating to a home birth she had attended. Containing details of the family, the labour and the successful delivery, she concludes by saying:
‘What can I say about home confinement and my super little family? I know that everyone says that home confinement is not practicable in this day and age. I am also aware that there can be very serious complications but, even so, I think there is nothing more moving than having the whole family partaking in what the Almighty intended to be a wholly natural procedure.’
Again, her words have resonance today, with support for natural birth and mothers’ choice of birth place strong within the Royal College of Midwives.
community midwivesdomiciliary midwiferymale midwivesmidwiferyparentingsocial historywomen
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Writing by Alan Annand
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Alan Annand
Tag Archives: work
J.G. Ballard (b. November 15): “Fiction is a branch of neurology” & other quotes
J.G. Ballard (born 15 November 1930, died 19 April 2009) was an English novelist, short story writer, and prominent member of the New Wave movement in science fiction. His best-known books are Crash and the semi-autobiographical Empire of the Sun, made into a film by Steven Spielberg, based on Ballard’s boyhood during the Second World War.
His work has given rise to the adjective ‘Ballardian’, defined by the Collins English Dictionary as ‘resembling or suggestive of the conditions described in J. G. Ballard’s novels and stories, especially dystopian modernity, bleak man-made landscapes and the psychological effects of technological, social or environmental developments’.
Quotes on writing:
Any fool can write a novel but it takes real genius to sell it.
I felt the pressure of imagination against the doors of my mind was so great that they were going to burst.
Fiction is a branch of neurology: the scenarios of nerve and blood vessels are the written mythologies of memory and desire.
But I wouldn’t recommend writing. You can be a successful writer and never meet another soul. I’m not sure that’s a good thing.
Given that external reality is a fiction, the writer’s role is almost superfluous. He does not need to invent the fiction because it is already there.
I work for three or four hours a day, in the late morning and early afternoon. Then I go out for a walk and come back in time for a large gin and tonic.
I’ve never suffered from writer’s block. I have plenty of ideas, sometimes too many. I’ve always had a strong imagination. If it dries up I’ll stop and look for another career.
If their work is satisfying people don’t need leisure in the old-fashioned sense. No one ever asks what Newton or Darwin did to relax, or how Bach spent his weekends.
I believe in the power of the imagination to remake the world, to release the truth within us, to hold back the night, to transcend death, to charm motorways, to ingratiate ourselves with birds, to enlist the confidences of madmen.
Tags: fiction, imagination, j.g. ballard, november 15, sf, work
Categories Famous birthday quotes, Literary marketplace, Writing
pinterest.com/pin/39406565465157075/
Charles Baudelaire (b. Apr 09): “Pleasure consumes us. Work strengthens us.”
“We are weighed down, every moment, by the conception and the sensation of Time. And there are but two means of escaping and forgetting this nightmare: pleasure and work. Pleasure consumes us. Work strengthens us. Let us choose.”
~ Charles Baudelaire, b. 9 April 1821
http://pinterest.com/pin/39406565461982151/
Tags: april 9, charles baudelaire, pleasure, work
Categories Celebrity, Famous birthday quotes, Writing
Excited at work…?
eCard reposted by Alan Annand, writer and astrologer
Tags: #aacards, work
Categories eCards, Humor
CAPRICORNS on lunch break
Alan Annand is a graduate of the American College of Vedic Astrology and the British Faculty of Astrological Studies. For a compilation of his writings (astrological techniques, in-depth celebrity profiles, and analysis of mundane events) see his book Stellar Astrology. His NEW AGE NOIR crime fiction series (Scorpio Rising, Felonious Monk, Soma County) features astrologer/palmist Axel Crowe, whom one reviewer dubbed “Sherlock Holmes with a horoscope.”
Websites: http://www.navamsa.com, http://www.sextile.com
Tags: #newagenoir, capricorn, lifestyle, work
Categories Astrology, Humor
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“The life of a writer is absolute hell” ~ Roald Dahl
Arianna Huffington (b. July 15): “Most people no longer believe in an afterlife.”
Robert Heinlein (b. July 7th): “Women and cats do as they please.”
Dalai Lama (b. July 6th): “I don’t judge the universe.”
Vincent D’Onofrio (b. June 30): “The search for the truth is not for the faint-hearted.”
Gilda Radner (b. June 28): “Dreams are like paper, they tear so easily.”
Duffy (b. June 23): “I think music is the only thing that I’ll ever really have.”
Paul McCartney (b. June 18): “If slaughterhouses had glass walls, everyone would be a vegetarian.”
M.C. Escher (b. June 17): “I don’t use drugs, my dreams are frightening enough.”
W.B. Yeats (b. June 13): “Don’t wait till the iron is hot…”
Anne Frank (b. June 12): “Think of all the beauty still left around you and be happy.”
Hugh Laurie (b. June 11): “You hope that your teenage self would like and forgive your 50-year-old self.”
Johnny Depp (b. June 9th): “I don’t pretend to be Captain Weird.”
Joan Rivers (b. June 8th): “I don’t bend over.”
Prince (b. June 7th): “Money won’t buy happiness, but it’ll pay for the search.”
Sandra Bernhard (b. June 6th): “When you’re constantly looking for things from other people, you’re not looking within yourself.”
Cee Lo Green (b. May 30): “Loving something you’ve lost is all the incentive you need to love again.”
Melissa Etheridge (b. May 29) “I’m so close to Heaven, this Hell cannot be mine.”
Dashiell Hammett (b. May 27) “I’ve been as bad an influence on American literature as anyone I can think of.”
Mike Myers (b. May 25) “At any time the no-talent police will come and arrest me.”
Fats Waller (b. May 21): “If you don’t know what it is, don’t mess with it.”
Timothy Olyphant (b. May 20): “I’m attracted to roles that are unpredictable…”
Tina Fey (b. May 18): “A rectal thermometer’s the best way to take a baby’s temperature…”
Megan Fox (b. May 16): “I’m so mentally ill, I could do something really interesting.”
Barbara Kingsolver (b. April 8th): “I struggle with confidence, every time.”
Eva Peron (b. May 7th): “One cannot accomplish anything without fanaticism.”
George Clooney (b. May 6th): “I’m really white trash.”
Tammy Wynette (b. May 5th): “It’s hard giving all your love to just one man.”
Audrey Hepburn (b. May 4th): “I don’t want to be alone, I want to be left alone.”
James Brown (b. May 3rd): “The one thing that can solve most of our problems is dancing.”
David Beckham (b. May 2nd): “I always wanted to be a hairdresser.”
Joseph Heller (b. May 1st): “A writer is only discovered once in a lifetime.”
Annie Dillard (b. April 30): “Many writers do little but sit in small rooms recalling the real world.”
Jerry Seinfeld (b. April 29): “Bookstores are the only pieces of evidence we have that people are still thinking.”
Jay Leno (b. April 28): “God owes Sodom and Gomorrah an apology.”
Ian Rankin (b. April 28): “Most writers are just kids who refuse to grow up.”
Mary Wollstonecraft (b. April 27): “It is vain to expect virtue from women until they are independent of men.”
Coretta Scott King (b. April 27): “Women must become the soul of the nation.”
Carol Burnett (b. April 26): “Giving birth is like taking your lower lip and forcing it over your head.”
Anita Loos (b. April 26): “I love high style in low company.”
Al Pacino (b. April 25): “I don’t need bodyguards. I’m from the South Bronx.”
Barbra Streisand (b. April 24): “I’m simple, complex, lazy and driven.”
Sue Grafton (b. April 24): “Ideas are easy. It’s their execution that separates the sheep from the goats.”
William Shakespeare (b. April 23): “A fool thinks he’s wise, but a wise man knows he’s a fool.”
Jack Nicholson (b. April 22): “I only take Viagra when I’m with more than one woman.”
Vladimir Nabokov (b. April 22): “I think like a genius, speak like a child.”
Alistair MacLean (b. April 21): “I’m not a born writer, and I don’t enjoy writing.”
Joan Miro (b. April 20): “I try to apply colors like words that shape poems.”
Sebastien Faulks (b. April 20): “Everything I know about structure I learned from classical music.”
Jayne Mansfield (b. April 19): “Men are creatures with two legs and eight hands.”
Conan O’Brien (b. April 18): “Nobody in life gets exactly what they thought they were going to get.”
Thornton Wilder (b. April 17): “An incinerator is a writer’s best friend.”
Charlie Chaplin (b. April 16): “In the end, everything’s a gag.”
Leonardo da Vinci (b. April 15): “Art is never finished, only abandoned.”
Bruce Sterling (b. April 14): “Embrace your nerditude.”
Loretta Lynn (b. April 14): “I pray for answers to my problems.”
Samuel Beckett (b. April 13): “We are all born mad.”
Tom Clancy (b. April 12): “The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense.”
David Letterman (b. April 12): “I can’t sing, dance or act.”
Thomas Harris (b. April 11): “Fear comes with imagination…”
Anton LaVey (b. April 11): “Satan has been the best friend the Church ever had.”
Anne Lamott (b. April 10): “Almost all good writing begins with terrible first efforts.”
Joseph Pulitzer (b. April 10): “The power to mold the future will be in the hands of journalists.”
Hugh Hefner (b. April 9th): “Picasso had his blue period; I’m in my blonde period.”
James Herbert (b. April 8th): “I’m not just in it for the gore.”
Donald Barthelme (b. April 7th): “I’m interested in the ugly sentence that is also beautiful.”
Billie Holiday (b. April 7th): “I’m always making a comeback…”
Charles Jackson (b. April 6th): “The writer lives by biting the hand that feeds him.”
Merle Haggard (b. April 6th): “I had more freedom on parole than in America right now.”
Richard Peck (b. April 5th): “Nobody but a reader becomes a writer.”
Bette Davis (b. April 5th): “A sure way to lose happiness…”
Muddy Waters (b. April 4th): “I been in the blues all my life.”
Marguerite Duras (b. April 4th): “Men like women who write.”
Alec Baldwin (b. April 3rd): “Sex is like a Chinese dinner…”
Marlon Brando (b. April 3rd): “Acting is the expression of a neurotic impulse.”
Reginald Hill (b. April 3rd): “You’re never alone with a novel. “
Marvin Gaye (b. April 2nd): “Music, not sex, got me aroused.”
Christopher Meloni (b. April 2nd): “I’m a nudist at heart…”
Abraham Maslow (b. April 1st): “The story of the human race: men and women selling themselves short.”
Otto von Bismarck (b. April 1st): “Laws are like sausages…”
Angus Young (b. March 31): “When I’m on stage the savage in me is released.”
Dr Cowgirl will join you soon. Please assume the position.
Vincent Van Gogh ( b. March 30): “I put my heart into my work, and lost my mind.”
Jo Nesbø (b. March 29): “It’s impossible to write anything without being political.”
Pearl Bailey (b. March 29): “The worst of all frauds is to cheat one’s self.”
Maxim Gorky (b. March 28): “Science is the intellect of the world, art its soul.”
Lady Gaga (b. March 28): “I don’t see myself in terms of artifice.”
Steven Tyler (b. March 26): “If it’s worth doing, it’s worth overdoing.”
Jim Parsons (b. March 24): “Intelligence is sexy until it becomes irritating…”
Harry Houdini (b. March 24): “Don’t bite off red-hot iron unless you have a good set of teeth.”
Jonathan Ames (b. March 23): “I don’t know what’s more difficult, life or the English language.”
Erich Fromm (b. March 23): “We do not understand our dreams…”
Joan Crawford (b. March 23): “I need sex for a clear complexion.”
James Patterson (b. March 22): “If you want to write commercial fiction, it’s story, story, story…”
William Shatner (b. March 22): “There’s an ecstasy about doing something on film.”
Bruce Willis (b. March 19): “Too many children in foster care are falling through cracks.”
Queen Latifah (b. March 18): “I don’t know how to be anyone else.”
John Updike (b. March 18): “Writers dare to go it alone…”
Billy Corgan (b. March 17): “I’m viewed as this weird, crippled character.”
Jerry Lewis (b. March 16): “People hate me because I’m a genius.”
David Cronenburg (b. March 15): “Everybody’s a mad scientist, and life is their lab.”
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (b. March 15): “Fight for the things that you care about.”
Algernon Blackwood (b. March 14): “No man can describe to another the magic of the woman who ensnares him.”
Michael Caine (b. March 14): “I feel a tremendous sadness for men…”
William Macy (b. March 13): “I’m sure I have a process…”
Adam Clayton (b. March 13): “I’m drawn to things that are sexy or aggressive.”
Jack Kerouac (b. March 12): “Great things are not done by those who yield to trends.”
Novels by Alan Annand: free to borrow on Amazon
James Taylor (b. March 12): “We all have to face pain, and pain makes us grow.”
Douglas Adams (b. March 11): “I love the whooshing sound of deadlines as they go by.”
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel (b. March 10): “Every uneducated person is a caricature of himself.”
Mickey Spillane (b. March 9th): “Nobody reads a mystery to get to the middle.”
Bobby Fischer (b. March 9th): “I like the moment when I break a man’s ego.”
Neil Postman (b. March 8th): “In Russia, writers with grievances are arrested; in America they go on TV talk shows where only their development is arrested.”
Kat von D (b. March 8th): “I was born naked, waiting for life to write itself on my skin.”
Bryan Cranston (b. March 7th): “Any one of us could become dangerous.”
Gabriel Garcia Marquez (b. March 6th): “Literature is nothing but carpentry…”
Shaquille O’Neal (b. March 6th): “I want to be known as The Big Shakespeare.”
Andy Gibb (b. March 5th): “Girls are always running through my mind.”
Khaled Hosseini (b. March 4th): “Literary fiction is kept alive by women…”
Chaz Bono (b. March 4th): “Gender’s between your ears, not between your legs.”
Jean Harlow (b. March 3rd): “I like to wake up each morning feeling a new man.”
Jessica Biel (b. March 3rd): “I think I could drink my own blood…”
Jon Bon Jovi (b. March 2nd): “Nothing is as important as passion…”
John Irving (b. March 2nd): “You’ve got to get obsessed and stay obsessed.”
Lou Reed (b. March 2nd): “I don’t believe in dressing up reality.”
Linus Pauling (b. February 28): “The best way to have a good idea is to have a lot of ideas.”
Brian Jones (b. February 28): “We piss anywhere, man.”
John Steinbeck (b. February 27): “A journey is like a marriage.”
Josh Groban (b. February 27): “Don’t try to be like me…”
Elizabeth George (b. February 26): “I have to know the killer…”
Victor Hugo (b. February 26): “Sorrow is a fruit…”
Johnny Cash (b. February 26): “Success is worrying about everything except money.”
George Harrison (b. February 25): “You’ve got as many lives as you like…”
Steve Jobs (b. Feb 24): “Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter.”
Johnny Winter (b. February 23): “People need the blues.”
Peter Fonda (b. February 23): “I don’t trust anybody who didn’t inhale.”
Luis Bunuel (b. February 22): “I can only wait for the final amnesia…”
Drew Barrymore (b. February 22): “Love is the hardest habit to break.”
Ellen Page (b. February 21): “The relationships with my girl friends are so powerful…”
Ansel Adams (b. February 20): “A photograph can hold just as much as we put into it…”
Kurt Cobain (b. February 20): “I’d rather be hated for who I am than loved for who I’m not.”
Jeff Daniels (b. February 19): “Every actor just wants good writing.”
Nicolaus Copernicus (b. February 19): “To know what we do not know is true knowledge”
Yoko Ono (b. February 18): “Everybody’s an artist.”
Billie Joe Armstrong (b. February 17): “Obnoxious got me where I am today.”
John McEnroe (b. February 16): “Let the racket do the talking.”
Matt Groening (b. February 15): “You’ve got to embrace the future…”
Jack Benny (b. February 14): “Married 47 years and never had an argument.”
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Home2016February
The New Peaceful Pot Head Revolution: Or, Why I’m Going To Infiltrate The Democrats & Run As One Of Them
February 26, 2016 ShereeKrider Guest Article, LATEST cris ericson, democrats, legalization, marijuana, politics, REPEAL, SB 241, Vermont
By CrisEricson2016 | Fri, February 26 2016
S.241 Vermont marijuana Bill does NOT make marijuana legal like alcoholic beverages: (1) because you can brew your own alcoholic beverage at home in Vermont, and this bill does NOT allow you to plant a seed in the ground and grow your own marijuana at home; (2) because the state government does not raid your home and count your cans of beer, but in the new Bill, S. 241, the state will raid your home and count every single seed you have, or have planted, and send you to prison if you are not one of the chosen few to pay a high price for and receive a license to commercially grow and sell marijuana.
S.241 was written for the express purpose of making the rich even richer, and sending the poor to prison for the benefit of the private-for-profit prison industry.
PUBLIC NOTICE to DEMOCRATIC PARTY in VERMONT
I live in the area of Windsor County just north of Windham County, and there are a lot of low income people who will be devastated by S. 241 proposed marijuana bill because when marijuana is legal, they will be tempted, but they can NOT afford to pay for it.
Until marijuana is legal to grow your own at home for your own personal use, without the government prying on your private property to count your plants, I will continue to campaign for legalization.
Because the Democratic Party has taken over the issue of marijuana legalization, whereas I started it in 2002, the first time I was on the ballot for Governor, I will run in the Democratic Primary this election season to off-set the injustice being brought down on low income Vermonters.
The whole current marijuana bill is intended to make a few farmers and Lounge merchants vastly wealthy, while the tax dollars will be spent hounding and stalking poor people and threatening them if they so much as plant one seed.
Did you know this is how the American Revolution began?
The King decided that one company could sell Tea, he made one company a monopoly.
So, the Settlers dressed up as Indians and dumped the Tea into Boston Harbor.
If Peter Shumlin gets his way and does the equivalent of allowing monopolies, allowing only a few businesses to farm marijuana and sell marijuana, then you are inciting a riot, you may be inciting the next Boston Tea Party, only it might be tons of marijuana dumped into Lake Champlain off the Ferry.
If I lose the Democratic Primary, I will be on the ballot for the General Election for the Marijuana Party, of course.
This is a battle of the rich against the poor, and the Democratic Party is in conspiracy with Governor Peter Shumlin to extort money from people for marijuana, rather than allowing them to plant a seed in the ground and grow their own.
Also, of course, your conspiracy with Peter Shumlin includes violating federal marijuana laws; and I might start a group to file an action directly with the Supreme Court of the United States which is allowed when a State law violates the U.S. Constitution – and I think we might have a clear violation of the U.S. Constitution guarantee of equal rights under the law: how can you possibly think it is alright for one man to profit growing marijuana, while another man may be imprisoned for the same thing?
And, in keeping with the Spirit of the American Revolution, you must know you are violating the U.S. Constitution in conspiracy with Peter Shumlin for making laws that require someone else, other than an elected official, to make rules and regulations to use the tax dollars collected; that is clearly taxation without representation.
Cris Ericson
http://democracy.com/vermont
SOURCE LINK: http://ibrattleboro.com/sections/politics/new-peaceful-pot-head-revolution-or-why-im-going-infiltrate-democrats-run-one-them
SB 241 VT LINK: http://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2016/S.241
If you’ve never heard of Roger Casement the reason is sad, he was homosexual
February 17, 2016 August 26, 2016 ShereeKrider LATEST, Opinion, ShereeKrider Black Diaries, British Government, clemency, human rights, Indigenous, Irish, Knight, LGBT, Roger Casement, Separatist
For that reason he was ignored and written out of our revolutionary history.
Sheree Krider
For the purpose of this post I am linking several articles and inputting Wikipedia documentation. Because of the fact that it encompasses so much information and stretches across several articles which I happened across online I felt that the readers could ‘study’ the situation better having complete access to them all.
I am posting this because I care about what happens to Homosexuals or “LGBT’s”, if you will.
I have had friends and family that are classified in these ‘groups’, although, I, myself see no viable reason to lump any person into a group which defines them as human beings.
We are all creatures of God. We are all loved by God. It is only Humans which feel the need for these distinctions and that, I feel, is the saddest issue confronting our Culture as it stands today.
There should be no need for special legislation to try to ensure that everyone is treated fairly. Our Constitution was written for that and it did not include classifications of people. It included everyone living in this Country and those yet to arrive at the time it was written.
I do not believe that it works to try to force people to accept one another according to their classifications and in fact only serves to cause inflammatory prejudice among those who are not willing to accept these facts of life; that not everyone is like “them”.
However, that being said, it has been found necessary within our Country to try and repent for our sins against our Brother’s by implementing challenging legislation to try and ensure the integrity, the very ‘right to life’ of these individuals which not only include LGBT’s but many others as well including African Americans.
My hope is that within our Children’s lifetime there will come a day when no longer will we need to classify people according to race, gender, religious affiliations or sexual status. That everyone will be accepted and loved and that when a person does a good deed, no matter what the ‘classification of the deed is’, they will be honored accordingly. Not according to their classification.
Here is a short excerpt from Wikipedia about Roger Casement. I hope that you will continue reading through the whole story because I feel it is important for people to know what the past has been in order to make the future better for everyone.
Roger David Casement (1 September 1864 – 3 August 1916)[1] was a British diplomat of Irish extraction, humanitarian activist, Irish nationalist, and poet. Described as the “father of twentieth-century human rights investigations”, he was honored in 1905 for the Casement Report on the Congo and knighted in 1911 for his important investigations of human rights abuses in Peru. He then made efforts during World War I to gain German military aid for the 1916 Easter Rising which sought to gain Irish independence.
In Africa as a young man, Casement first worked for commercial interests before joining the British Colonial Service. In 1891 he was appointed as a British consul, a profession he followed for more than 20 years. Influenced by the Boer War and his investigation into colonial atrocities against indigenous peoples, Casement grew to distrust imperialism. After retiring from consular service in 1913, he became more involved with the Irish Republican and separatist movement. He sought to obtain German support and weapons for an armed rebellion in Ireland against British rule during World War I. He was arrested, convicted by a British court and executed for treason.
Before the trial, the British government circulated excerpts said to be from his private journals, known as the Black Diaries, which detailed homosexual activities. Given prevailing views and existing laws on homosexuality, this material undermined support for clemency for Casement. Debates have continued about these diaries: a forensic study concluded in 2002 that Casement had written them, but interpretations differ as to their meaning in his life.
How Woodrow Wilson deceived Irish America over 1916, ignored Casement’s execution
Robert Schmuhl @irishcentral
What to make of a gay 1916 icon? Roger Casement’s heroic status was denied
Cahir O’Doherty @randomirish
November 20,2015
50 facts about the Easter Rising (PHOTOS)
Matt Keough @irishcentral
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Conferences | Training Courses | Market Reports | Managed Events | Past Conferences | Update Me
Conferences \ Point-of-Care Diagnostics & Biosensors Europe 2018 \ Agenda \ Gregory Timp
Gregory Timp's Biography
Co-Located Conferences
Gregory Timp, Keough-Hesburgh Professor of Electrical Engineering & Systems Biology, The University of Notre Dame
Gregory Louis Timp received his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1986 working with Mildred Dresselhaus. After a post-doc at IBM with Alan Fowler, he joined Bell Laboratories in 1988, where he engaged in research on nanostructure physics. In 2010, he joined the faculty of Notre Dame to pursue nano-biotechnology with an appointment jointly in Biological Sciences and Electrical Engineering. He is the Keough-Hesburgh professor of Engineering and Systems Biology. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a Fellow of the American Physical Society; and a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He has published over 150 articles in scientific journals and holds 10 patents.
Silicon Nanotechnology Meets Biology (Smaller and Wetter is Better)
Tuesday, 5 June 2018 at 09:30
Add to Calendar ▼2018-06-05 09:30:002018-06-05 10:30:00Europe/LondonSilicon Nanotechnology Meets Biology (Smaller and Wetter is Better)Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Biosensors Europe 2018 in Rotterdam, The NetherlandsRotterdam, The NetherlandsSELECTBIOenquiries@selectbiosciences.com
According to Moore’s law, the scaling of silicon integrated circuits is supposed to reach the 5 nm-node sometime after 2020, although the schedule is still problematic due to the astronomical cost and atomically precise line-rules. On the other hand, biology has been performing cost-effectively using proteins the size of 5 nm (and smaller) that fold with atomic precision for 4.28 billion years now—it is a robust and proven technology, albeit wet. In this talk, it is argued that there is still “plenty of room at the bottom” for improving performance if silicon nanotechnology is adapted to biology. With silicon nanotechnology it is now within our grasp to create an interface to biology on a nanometer-scale. Three examples of such interfaces are proffered. The first is a liquid flow cell that works like an envelope made from 30 nm-thick silicon nitride membranes, which can hold and sustain living cells in medium and yet fits inside a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM). In a STEM, the liquid cell can be used to visualize and track live cell physiology like a phage infecting a bacterium with nucleic acids at 5 nm resolution. The second is a nanometer-diameter pore sputtered through a silicon nitride membrane 10-nm-thick that can be used to transfect cells precisely with nucleic acids to affect gene expression in them and, under different bias conditions, detect protein secretions from single cells with single molecule sensitivity. The secretions inform on the cell phenotype and offer a molecular diagnosis of disease. Finally, the third interface is a sub-nanometer-diameter pore, which is about the size of an amino acid residue, in either silicon dioxide or silicon nitride membranes ranging from 6 to 10 nm-thick. Sub-nanopores like this have been used to read the primary structure of a protein, i.e. the amino acid sequence, with low fidelity, but with single molecule sensitivity, vastly outstripping the sensitivity of conventional methods for sequencing such as mass spectrometry. Taken altogether, the prospects are dazzling for a new type of integrated circuit that incorporates biology with state-of-the-art silicon electronics.
Add to Calendar ▼2018-06-05 00:00:002018-06-06 00:00:00Europe/LondonPoint-of-Care Diagnostics and Biosensors Europe 2018Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Biosensors Europe 2018 in Rotterdam, The NetherlandsRotterdam, The NetherlandsSELECTBIOenquiries@selectbiosciences.com
Point-of-Care Diagnostics, Global Health & Biosensors 2019
Location: Coronado Island, California
Circulating Biomarkers, Exosomes & Liquid Biopsy Europe 2019
Lab-on-a-Chip & Microfluidics World Congress 2019
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Tag: Robby Müller
Review: Repo Man (1984)
Crimson Quill’s Appraisal #701 Number of Views: Two Release Date: March 2, 1984 Sub-Genre: Sci-Fi/Cult Film Country of Origin: … More
Alex Cox, Del Zamora, Dick Rude, Eddie Velez, Emilio Estevez, Fox Harris, Harry Dean Stanton, Helen Martin, Jennifer Balgobin, Miguel Sandoval, Olivia Barash, Repo Man, Review, Richard Foronjy, Robby Müller, Susan Barnes, Sy Richardson, The Brat Pack, Tom Finnegan, Tracey Walter, Vonetta McGee, Zander Schloss
To Live and Die in L.A. (1985)
Crimson Quill’s Appraisal #547 Number of Views: One Release Date: November 1, 1985 Sub-Genre: Action Thriller Country of Origin: United … More
Christopher Allport, Darlanne Fluegel, Dean Stockwell, Debra Feuer, Dwier Brown, Gerald Petievich, Jack Hoar, Jacqueline Giroux, John Pankow, John Turturro, Michael Chong, Michael Greene, Review, Robby Müller, Robert Downey Sr., Steve James, To Live and Die in L.A., Valentin de Vargas, Wang Chung, Willem Dafoe, William Friedkin, William L. Petersen
The Believers (1987)
Crimson Quill’s Appraisal #539 Number of Views: One Release Date: June 10, 1987 Sub-Genre: Occult/Suspense Country of Origin: United States … More
Carla Pinza, Elizabeth Wilson, Harley Cross, Harris Yulin, Helen Shaver, Janet-Laine Green, Jimmy Smits, John Schlesinger, Lee Richardson, Malick Bowens, Mark Frost, Martin Sheen, Nicholas Conde, Raúl Dávila, Review, Richard Masur, Robby Müller, Robert Loggia, The Believers
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Film Review: The Crazy Rulers of the World
I’ve been trying to find this film for over a year now. Unfortunately there are no entries for it on Amazon, Ebay, or Google Shopping. I don’t think it’s ever aired in the US either. I finally managed to obtain a grainy copy which someone in the UK recorded on to their personal PAL dvr. It’s low quality but I can watch it on my computer and so I’ve finally gotten to see this documentary. I really hope this eventually gets released in the US, especially since a lot of British documentaries with a lot less interest get released out here.
The movie, The Men Who Stare At Goats, is a fictional story but it’s based on facts about the US military and intelligence agencies which were uncovered by Jon Ronson and John Sergeant. Ronson authored a book detailing his research, also titled The Men Who Stare At Goats, and he and Sergeant produced the documentary film The Crazy Rulers of the World based upon the same research. The book and documentary were later used as inspiration for the George Clooney/Ewan McGregor film, and in fact the real life counterparts of several characters and events are seen in the documentary.
The documentary aired in the BBC and was split into three episodes of about fifty minutes with each episode exploring a different theme. The documentary featured Ronson as the presenter and interviewer who sometimes interacts with his subjects in a semi-gonzo style which is common among modern documentary films. As the name suggests, the documentary is meant to be critical of the Bush administration which, at the time of its release, was continuing to allow these unorthodox techniques to be used in military use and intelligence gathering. However the attacks against the Bush administration are rather weak and thankfully few in number. It seems as if Ronson’s original intent was to attack the Bush administration with this documentary, however during the course of his research he became more convinced about the effectiveness of the techniques being employed, which restricted his ability to attack the Bush administration for continuing to use them.
Episode 1: The Men Who Stare At Goats
The first documentary explores where these New Age military programs originated and how they came to be so embraced by several different parts of the US military. However in the course of this research Ronson hears about a special forces soldier who is rumored to have once stopped the heart of a goat by staring at it, and the episode then becomes focused on finding out as much information as possible about this soldier and determining if this even really happened or if it is just a rumor.
The origins of the New Age military program trace back to a document known as the New Earth Battalion Field Manual which was written by Lt. Colonel Jim Channon who was portrayed by Jeff Bridges in the Men Who Stare at Goats. Unlike the movie though Channon never led a New Age based division of soldiers, although he was offered such an opportunity and turned it down. While serving in Vietnam Channon noticed that many of his soldiers in combat were intentionally firing high and missing the enemy. Channon believed that people who were attracted to US military service were typically noble and heroic individuals who lacked cunning, and that this was a major factor in the US’s defeat in Vietnam. Post-Vietnam Channon spent several years studying the California New Age movement in an effort to figure out a way to develop a better and more cunning soldier.
The documentary also explores how Channon’s New Age philosophies and theories came to be so well embraced by so many high ranking individuals within the US military. It has a lot to do with the psychological impact of the loss in Vietnam and I found the whole explanation to be fascinating. The entire New Earth Battalion Field Manual, once a classified military document, is now available to the general public. I’ve seen some reviewers claim that the book was a failure since the manual seems geared towards New Agers and Channon never took into account his target audience while writing it, and that typical military officers would not take the book seriously. This episode shows how completely ignorant about the military and full of crap those reviewers are as it shows how great of an influence Channon’s field manual had on the military and explores why so many officers were so quick to embrace it.
The best parts of the episode though are the interviews, the best being the two interviews that were done with New Earth Battalion soldier and martial artist Peter Brusso. At one point Brusso manages to psychically project fear into Ronson when he asks Ronson to strangle him. Brusso is a large man, a martial artist, and military soldier so its only natural that anyone would be intimidated and a bit afraid if asked to attack him. However Ronson is ridiculously scared, even after several reassurances from Brusso, and after having had attacks demonstrated on him by Brusso in a previous interview. After Ronson finally does strangle Brusso, Brusso just taps him on the upper chest sending energy through his body and causing him to tumble on to the floor. It’s a very cool video taped demonstration of energy manipulation by a man who has mastered it for combat situations.
Brusso is also the inventor of the predator. This is that weird weapon that Clooney uses on McGregor at one point in the movie. However despite what is implied by both the documentary and the movie, the predator is actually a series of similar weapons which work in a similar way all developed by Brusso (I learned all this from Brusso’s website where he sells these things, and I so want some of these now). The predator is actually used by deployed US soldiers, and it was developed to take advantage of both pressure points and the chakras in order to quickly debilitate and inflict the most amount of pain upon its victim. It’s also such an odd weapon that it isn’t covered by most existing weapon laws, so at least right now people are free to carry this thing wherever they want. Brusso is filmed giving some real life demonstrations of the weapon both on military soldiers and Ronson.
Episode 2: Funny Torture
I didn’t care much for this episode, and based on the subject matter I don’t really think it will be of much interest to practitioners. The episode deals with the military’s use of music for torture, interrogation, and to modify behavior. The episode was initially inspired by a news article that reported that Iraqi detainees were being forced to listen to Barney the Purple Dinosaur songs repeatedly as an interrogation method.
The episode traces the origins of the musical techniques being used by the US military, and once again this leads back to Jim Channon and research he did for his New Earth Battalion Field Manual. They then show how the technology was first employed against the Branch Dividians in Waco, and how it is now being used both in Iraq and Guantanamo Bay.
The episode also tries to draw a connection between the Abu Ghraib prison scandal and these unorthodox and experimental forms of interrogation. This is mostly speculation with the only evidence of a connection being that one of the soldiers convicted of the torture claimed to have been acting under orders from superior officers within the Fort Bragg psi-ops division, which is a New Earth Battalion influenced division of the military and also the division of the military which is responsible for these music experiments.
The episode of course uses these new forms of musical ‘torture’ as an attack against the Bush administration and US military for using them, but it’s really hard to get behind an attack like that. I can sympathize with the Iraqi detainees who were forced to listen to Matchbox 20 at normal volume over and over again, but at the same time I’ve worked in a retail store and I know exactly how horrible this sort of torture is. The whole point of these interrogation methods is that they’re trying to develop ways to get the information while not inflicting any physical pain or lasting emotional or physical trauma. At some point these coercive techniques have to cease to be inhumane, and once we’re employing a technique that will not physically hurt someone or result in any lasting emotional or physical effect, I wonder why is this something that is inhumane to use against an enemy captive? It seems to me like this is the perfect compromise where the military is able to get the intelligence information it needs in order to do its job, protect the nation, and keep soldiers as safe as possible, and meanwhile although the enemy may have been made discomfortable and mentally manipulated, no physical or lasting psychological harm was done to them.
The major failing of this episode though is that they never figure out what exactly the military is doing with these songs. It’s discovered that it can’t be sleep deprivation, at least not entirely, which was suspected in Waco. Although theories are offered up regarding subliminal messages and mind control, exactly what is currently being attempted in Iraq and Guantanamo Bay is never discovered.
The one really interesting part about this episode though is that it briefly looks at the development of the development of non-lethal weapons for military and law enforcement use, and once again this is traced back to those influenced by Channon’s field manual. Demonstrations are shown of several exotic non-lethal weapons, those demonstrations are just really cool.
Episode 3: Psychic Footsoldiers
The third episode deals mostly with the remote viewers which are currently being used by several US federal agencies, including the FBI and CIA. I was really hoping this episode would be as good as the first, but unfortunately it failed, and this was largely due to who Ronson chose to focus on.
Although Ronson interviews several remote viewers that have worked for the US government, he focuses on Prudence Calabrese and Ed Dames. Calabrese was mentored by Courtney Brown who in turn was mentored by Dames. All three of them are a bunch of twits largely concerned with remote viewing aliens and involved with Art Bell, and its really the focus on these three which ruins the episode.
Dames was actually trained by the US military in a now defunct program to create inhouse remote viewers. Following the closure of the program Dames left the military and then broke his military confidentiality about the activities of the New Earth Battalion in order to gain publicity around himself and sell courses he taught on remote viewing. This may be the reason he jumped onto the alien bandwagon, especially considering the fact that Art Bell was one of his early promoters. Dames is not well regarded by other members of his military program and the New Earth Battalion and is seen as something of a traitor for exposing secret military information in order to promote himself.
Although the US government doesn’t currently employ inhouse psychics, since 9-11 individual agents have been authorized to hire psychics and remote viewers in order to gain intelligence. Prudence Calabrese is one of these psychics employed by the FBI, and she honestly has no right receiving tax payer money for her services and the only reason the FBI probably chose her is because of her connection to Dames. The incorrect remote viewing predictions of Calabrese and her mentor Brown were partially responsible for the Heaven’s Gate mass suicide, and other psychics Ronson interviewed warned him against Calabrese or assuming that she was a representation of all of them.
And Ronson did interview some other remote viewers, including one which was very well-regarded by all of the other government employed viewers he spoke to, and who had implied that he once managed to accurately remote view what the trigger mechanism on a Chinese nuclear device looked like. If I could have seen a demonstration of that man remote viewing, this would be a much more glowing review.
Instead the only demonstration we get is from Calabrese. Calabrese is tasked to remote view the answer to a question Ronson secretly wrote down which regarded the suspected suicide of a CIA scientist due to being experimented on with LSD against his will. It does seem as if Calabrese accurately answers the question, however Ronson’s later investigations reveal that the LSD had no effect at all on the scientist in question, and he was instead murdered by CIA members because he was planning to go public about the illegal and lethal torture he had been involved with in Europe.
Watching Calabrese’s demonstration and keeping a close eye on what is happening, Calabrese doesn’t develop the information herself but is actually getting some information from Ronson. Since the complete demonstration from beginning to end isn’t shown, it’s unclear how much information Calabrese gained from Ronson. It also isn’t clear if Calabrese was using cold techniques that Ronson just happened to be overly susceptible and oblivious to, or if Ronson was intentionally trying to lead Calabrese in order to get a successful demonstration for his documentary. It does seem as if it might be the later though, since when Ronson is leading Calabrese she seems to be trying to stop him and disagree with him. This may be a tactic which is employed to make the reading seem like less of a cold read, but it’s also very likely that Calabrese was trying really hard to make sure that her video taped demonstration didn’t look like a cold read to potential clients.
Another section of the film deals with project MKUltra and specifically a CIA scientist who mysteriously committed suicide one day. During CIA investigations following the Watergate scandal it was determined that the scientist was secretly given LSD without his knowledge and the suicide was then believed to have been a result of this bad trip.
This fits really well with the documentary’s themes of mind control and unorthodox experiments that end up going too far. However after investigating what happened it’s revealed that the LSD had no effect on the scientist, and his death had nothing to do with LSD and mind control experiments conducted by the CIA in the 50s. Instead he was involved in illegal torture in Europe, and was murdered by other CIA operatives because he was most likely about to go public with this information. It’s an interesting story, and probably worthy of its own documentary, however once the LSD and mind control angles are removed it no longer really fits the theme of this documentary, and was probably only included because the research was already done and Ronson inadvertently tied this story into his material on Calabrese.
The rest of the film focuses a lot on Calabrese and her claims that she has been threatened and now fears for her life after talking with Ronson. Calabrese’s confession about her involvement in the Heaven’s Gate suicides is treated as some major revelation and secret when its not. Calabrese’s involvement is fairly well known and easily verified, and although other psychics didn’t outright inform Ronson of this, they did everything in their power to help him make the connection. One psychic mentioned a scandal he didn’t want to talk about concerning Calabrese, that it had something to do with the Hale Bopp comet, and that she had, for publicity, been photographed wearing a Star Trek uniform. Does it take a genius reporter to get that information from someone and think that maybe they should try to research any connection Calabrese may have to Heaven’s Gate? Even as I watched the interview I thought, this has to have something to do with Heaven’s Gate, and I’m far from being a genius reporter.
A couple good interviews aside, the episode fails to provide anything of real substance for a magical practitioner. Once again I really would have liked to have seen a remote viewing session with one of the better remote viewers rather than just seeing the Calabrese session. In fact I could’ve done without the whole Calabrese story. Concentrating so heavily on this one bad apple that wormed her way into the system somehow takes the focus away from what really interested me about this episode, the remote viewing being done for the US government.
This entry was posted on Sunday, May 1st, 2011 at 1:04 am and is filed under Reviews. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
4 Responses to Film Review: The Crazy Rulers of the World
scottstenwick says:
One of the things that I found most interesting in Crazy Rulers of the World was Guy Savelli’s description of the technique he used to supposedly kill the goat. I transcribed his description in my article on The Men Who Stare At Goats over at my author website.
It’s interesting because even though the military was supposedly working with “psychic powers” what Savelli wound up using was more properly magick, though of an intuitive variety. He did a simple godform assumption and then called on the Archangel Michael to get the job done. Say what you want about whether or not spirits exist, but one of the things this suggests to me is that it’s the way to go if you want to put in motion a truly powerful effect. It also shows that, as you’ve pointed out a number of times on this blog, there’s a very fine line between psychism and magick.
There are of course some limits to the spirit method simply because the spirit generally needs to be onboard with what you’re trying to do for its power to fully combine your own, but when it works the results can be especially remarkable.
I don’t think the military will be seriously looking into ritual magic. It seems counterproductive to what they were trying to accomplish with the New Age techniques. On a whole the New Age and New Thought communities are very good at getting people to better themselves and build themselves up. To some degree this is due to the leaders of the community targeting the right demographics and pushing existing members into the right direction to increase sales. This is why New Age stuff actually makes people money.
Ritual magic is also supposed to be about building oneself up, which is what the military is looking for, but in practice it seems to be doing the exact opposite. I don’t want to be attacking any specific group, but I think anyone who’s spent time in that portion of the community has to of seen that its produced some of the dregs of our society. Going to Pagan meet-ups I’ve seen situations where only one out of every eight people own a car and most of the people are in living situations where there are three or more people per room living in their home. As a Pagan single mother of three once explained to me, you can afford to rent a house while working part time at Walmart so long as you get enough people to go in with you on it.
As for Savelli, I know that type and they usually aren’t interested in ritual magic. Like a true New Ager he seems to try everything and takes what he likes, so I’d bet anything that he’s studied ritual magic to some extent. In fact that whole dance aspect of his personal practice is far more connected to Paganism than any other modern western religion. I’d also guess that if he hasn’t studied Ceremonial Magic he has at least studied some of the old European grimoires, and that’s probably where he got the idea from on how to kill the goat.
The problem with these guys who have developed energy manipulation to the point that Savelli has without a ritual magic background is they find that ritual magic hurts them more than it helps. You’re assuming ritual magic would boost Savelli’s abilities, but your also seeing this from a perspective of someone who has studied and practiced ritual magic for over a decade, and who I would guess most likely first developed techniques of energy manipulation through ritual practice.
If you were killing a goat with your mind, a good ritual might give you a boost in your power. For a man like Savelli though it would hinder him. When Savelli does a ritual, he isn’t doing it as a master of the form. He’s doing it like a first degree initiate, and the type of successes a first degree initiate is typically capable of is usually far from what a master like Savelli would want to do. In Savelli’s case he can compensate for this lack of ritual experience through his expertise is psionic magic, but ultimately the ritual requires more work from him and only hinders him from reaching his usual potential. When guys like Savelli try ritual magic, they usually come to the conclusion that it isn’t as strong as what they’re usually capable of without it. This is why the better New Agers tend to look at ritual magic as a weak and limited form of magic.
Also there’s a process that occurs in ritual magic when you do a ritual a lot. You start out with a bunch of steps, and the more you start doing that ritual the more you start to realize that you don’t need all those steps. And so to make life easier certain steps start disappearing. After a while most ritual magician’s will notice that even with their strongest rituals, they don’t actually need the ritual at all. They can perform the entire task through visualization techniques. Initially this is very draining and the ritual is more difficult to perform like this, but after a while it gets easier, and ultimately it becomes easier to just do the thing psionically then it is to do it ritually. Now the magician has a powerful spell they can do just by thinking of it.
That’s the process used by ritual magicians. The process used by New Agers like Savelli is a bit different. They don’t start with the ritual aspect. Instead they develop psionic and visualization abilities bit by bit all the time being able to do more and more with them. Eventually though they come to the same place, where they know how to do the same thing with their mind. At that point though adding ritual into the act is taking a step backwards.
The New Age method tends to require more work from the practitioner upfront but less work in the long run than ritual magic requires. Ritual magic is also a bit more forgiving in terms of personal discipline. Ritual magic meanwhile tends to be better at experimentation and explaining how magic works, but New Age methodologies tend to produce better results in most individuals. There’s a median point between the two which seems to be the most advantageous position, and as all these groups start to move together they’ll hopefully start fixing each others problems.
Sorry, I got off track after reading your article.
Although I agree that working with spirits can open up a lot of doors for a person, I also think it’s important not to get into the mindset of spirits providing power that is beyond a magician’s potential capability. Although a magician may admit that a spirit is currently more powerful than them, the magician should be working to change that fact, even if it is a goal they never attain.
I’ve been a strong proponent of the fact that true power is internally derived and not gained through external forces. I use evocations for a lot of different purposes within my own practice, and they’re a lot of fun, but a magician also needs to be able to build up internal power.
CIA’s psi spies — [VIDEO] | Midas Oracle .ORG says:
[…] Mind warfare. […]
valesinn says:
Nice one, not bad…
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Rock Nightmare
NEW YEARS DAY RELEASE LEAD SINGLE “SHUT UP” NEW ALBUM UNBREAKABLE OUT APRIL 26TH, PRE-ORDERS START TODAY
New Years Day reveal the details about their forthcoming full-length album, Unbreakable. The band’s newest album is scheduled for release on April 26, 2019 via RED MUSIC. To celebrate the unveiling of Unbreakable, New Years Day release their single, “Shut Up“. Fans can listen to the empowering, hard hitting track HERE.
“‘Shut Up’ was written in a day, which just doesn’t happen. I was going through some heavy personal stuff, and I was just, ‘don’t tell me what I want, shut up and give it to me,'” states frontwoman Ash Costello about the track.
Unbreakable, New Years Day’s 4th studio album was produced by Mitchell Marlow (All That Remains, In This Moment, Butcher Babies) and Scott Stevens (American Authors, Halestorm, Shinedown). The album is the follow up to the band’s 2015 LP, Malevolence, which hit #45 on the Billboard 200, thanks to the radio hits “Defame Me” and “Kill Or Be Killed.” The pre-order for Unbreakable is available digitally HERE.
“Shut Up” is the second song released from the LP, following last year’s wildly popular track “Skeletons“. The song has been featured on Spotify’s “New Noise“, “Today We Rock“, “Nu Metal Tracks“, and “Rock Hard” playlists. “Skeletons” even made Pandora’s “Best of The Year for Rock” list after having only been released for a month. The band has raked in over 44 million U.S. streams to date and counting. Listen to “Skeletons” HERE.
New Years Day will be hitting the road this spring with Falling In Reverse as support on the band’s U.S. tour. The tour will kick off in Las Vegas on April 20th and will wrap on May 24th in Los Angeles. Tickets are available for purchase HERE.
Unbreakable is available as a half red/half black vinyl LP with a Century Media-exclusive signed poster insert (limited to 500) and CD with poster insert. Exclusive pre-order bundles are also available, featuring an Ash Costello photo t-shirt, Unbreakablered/black raglan and Stronger Than You Know zip-up hoodie. Fans who pre-order a bundle via Century Media will also receive a Stronger Than You know encouragement greeting card. Pre-order bundles are available on the Century Media merch store HERE
Formed in Orange County, Calif. by Ashley Costello, New Years Day shook the scene with their Century Media debut, Victim to Villain, in 2013 featuring their breakout single “Angel Eyes.” The five-piece later cemented their place in the heavy music landscape with their Epidemic EP and critically-acclaimed Malevolence full-length in 2015, clocking more than 20 million views on YouTube. The band has since become the most visually-captivating group in modern rock, playing for millions of fans around the world, sharing the stage with Ozzy Osbourne, Halestorm, Nine Inch Nails, Escape The Fate, Hellyeah and Five Finger Death Punch while also headlining the longest-running touring festival, Vans Warped Tour, in 2017. As new challenges and new worlds beckon, the band released their most recent EP, Diary of a Creep, in January to pay tribute to the artists who shaped them thus far. The EP featured renditions of Garbage’s “Only Happy When It Rains,” New Order’s “Bizarre Love Triangle,” No Doubt’s “Don’t Speak” and their original track “Disgust Me”.
Unbreakable Track listing:
Come For Me
MissUnderstood
Done With You
Break My Body
NEW YEARS DAY TOUR DATES
March 9 – Parramatta, Australia – Download Festival Sydney*
March 11 – Flemington, Australia – Download Festival Melbourne*
w/Falling In Reverse
April 20 – Las Vegas, NV – House of Blues
April 21 – Phoenix, AZ – The Van Buren
April 23 – San Antonio, TX – The Aztec Theatre
April 24 – Houston, TX – House of Blues
April 26 – Orlando, FL – House of Blues
April 27 – Charleston, SC – The Music Farm
April 28 – Atlanta, GA – Buckchead Theater
April 29 – Charlotte, NC – The Fillmore
May 1 – Silver Spring, MD – The Fillmore
May 3 – Sayreville, NJ – Starland Ballroom
May 4 – Worcester, MA – The Palladium
May 5 – New York, NY – The Gramercy Theatre
May 7 – Philadelphia, PA – The TLA
May 8 – Norfolk, VA – The NorVa
May 10 – Detroit, MI – St. Andrews Hall
May 11 – Cleveland, OH – House of Blues
May 12 – Chicago, IL – House of Blues
May 14 – Denver, CO – The Odgen
May 15 – Salt Lake City, UT – The Depot
May 17 – Boise, ID – Revolution
May 18 – Portland, OR – Hawthorne Theater
May 19 – Seattle, WA – Showbox Market
May 21 – San Francisco, CA – Ace of Spades
May 24 – Los Angeles, CA – The Wiltern
w/Halestorm
November 13 – Paris, France – Pleyel
November 14 – Cologne, Germany – Palladium
November 16 – Munich, Germany – Tonhalle
November 18 – Offenbach, Germany – Capitol
November 19 – Hamburg, Germany – Grobe Freiheit
November 20 – Amsterdam, Netherlands – AFAS Live
November 24 – Glasgow, United Kingdom – The SSE Hydro
November 25 – Nottingham, United Kingdom – Motorpoint arena
November 27 – Cardiff, United Kingdom -Motorpoint Arena Cardiff
November 28 – London, United Kingdom – Alexandra Palace
*festival dates
Listen To “Shut Up”:
Listen to “Skeletons” On:
Follow New Years Day:
Purchase New Years Day Merch:
Century Media Store
March 1, 2019 Dante
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Triumphantly Returning to BlizzCon!
Hold onto your hats, folks: ASUS ROG is making its triumphant return to BlizzCon® as...
We’re back, we’re bold and we’re beautiful! ASUS ROG is arriving to BlizzCon as not only the official motherboard sponsor of the event, but also the official laptop sponsor as well. The last time we attended as a formal BlizzCon sponsor was during ASUS ROG’s five-year anniversary. And now, both BlizzCon and ASUS ROG are celebrating their 10-year anniversaries, too! We’re happy to return with open arms to not only be a huge part of the BlizzCon experience, but to meet up with loyal fans like you.
What Motherboards?
We’re the official motherboard sponsor for Blizzcon with our X99-A II and our Z170 Pro! Every custom built rig at BlizzCon will contain one of these motherboards for optimized performance and superior sound. If you would like to find out more information about these two Motherboards, you can take a look at the X99-A II’s product page or the Z170 Pro’s page!
What Laptop?
The ROG Strix GL502 is the official laptop of BlizzCon, and will be tasked with heavy lifting behind-the-scenes (though you may see it pop up here-and-there, we'll keep you updated). A light machine that packs a punch, the GL502 features an Intel Core i7 processor and has recently been upgraded to new Pascal graphics. To learn more about the GL502, visit its product page here!
Heroes Never Die!
As you have probably seen on the BlizzCon site, there are no more tickets to the event itself, but that doesn’t mean you’re left out of the BlizzCon experience! You can purchase Virtual Tickets on their website to be able to get the latest news, contests, interviews and more, that will be happening live from the Anaheim Convention Center. Also, keep an eye out on ROG Arena as we’ll be posting about what we’ll be doing at our booth along with information about our on-site giveaway! Who knows, we might even start our giveaway before BlizzCon even starts. Stay tuned!
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Historic Rowton
Making every visit feel like your first
Enjoy the wonders of Rowton
What makes our Cheshire country house hotel feel so different? Someone once told us that instead of acting as if our guests were fortunate to be here, we made them feel like honoured guests. And, of course, they were. You will be too.
It’s an attitude that starts with the management and staff who run Rowton Hall. They want you to love it as much as they do. They want you to play croquet on its lawn or sink into its armchairs and feel utterly at home. Most of all their team want to ensure your stay is the sort of experience you want to share. And the sort of experience you want to repeat. Whether it’s your first visit or your 21st, welcome home to Rowton Hall.
The History of Rowton Hall
You’ll find references to Rowton’s Civil War history in the Cavalier Bar, Langdale Restaurant and the names of many of our suites.
The Battle of Rowton Heath, also known as the Battle of Rowton Moor, occurred on 24 September 1645 during the English Civil War. Fought by the Parliamentarians, commanded by Sydnam Poyntz, and the Royalists under the personal command of King Charles I, it was a significant defeat for the Royalists, with heavy losses and Charles prevented from relieving the Siege of Chester.
Prior to the battle, Charles had been attempting to link up with the Marquess of Montrose in Scotland following the Royalist defeat in the Battle of Naseby. Although his attempts to do so were unsuccessful, they were disruptive enough that the Committee of Both Kingdoms ordered Sydnam Poyntz to pursue the King with approximately 5,000 horse. After Charles was informed that Chester, his only remaining port, was under siege, he marched there with the intent of relieving the defenders, ordering 4,500 horse under the command of Marmaduke Langdale to camp outside the city while he and 500 others travelled into Chester itself on 23 September 1645. The intent was to attack the besieging Parliamentarians from both sides, Charles mistakenly believing that Poyntz had failed to follow them. In fact he was barely 15 miles (24 km) behind, and moved to attack Langdale’s force in the early hours of 24 September.
Although Langdale drove Poyntz off, the Parliamentarians besieging Chester sent reinforcements, and Langdale was forced to retreat to Rowton Heath, closer to Chester, and wait for his own reinforcements. This force, under Charles Gerard and Lord Bernard Stewart, was prevented from joining them, and Langdale was instead attacked by both Poyntz’s force and the reinforcement. After being driven off the field and failing in an attempt to regroup at Chester itself, the Royalists retreated as dusk fell.
Casualties were high, with about 1,000 killed, including Stewart, and 900 taken prisoner. This defeat prevented Charles from relieving the defenders in Chester, which fell to the Parliamentarians on 3 February 1646. Charles instead withdrew with approximately 2,400 remaining cavalry, most of whom were destroyed by Poyntz’s ambush at Sherburn-in-Elmet on 15 October 1645
The oldest part of Rowton Hall dates from 1779. As the Hall passed from owner to owner in the intervening centuries, the building grew and evolved to become the luxurious country house hotel it is today.
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Hotel Equal Opportunities
Hotel Lone Traveller Policy
Our Hotel Mission Statement
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Outstanding grad finds her passion in design and merchandising
By CSU External Relations Staff
Story by Kristin Breakell
Daniele Croteau has found a great amount of success throughout her career at CSU – culminating in her being recognized with one of Colorado State University’s most prestigious awards, the Albert C. Yates Student Leadership Award, given by the Alumni Association. On Friday, she will give the student address at the College of Health and Human Sciences Fall 2016 commencement ceremony. However, her journey has not always been easy.
Croteau was born and raised in Fort Collins and decided to attend CSU because of its unique campus and culture as well as the fact that her father and sister attended the university. Her first year at CSU brought many challenges. Her decision to pursue a degree in mathematics led to feelings of uncertainty as she quickly realized that math was not a major that she was passionate about. At the same time, her parents moved out of the state, causing her and her sister to move back into their childhood home and take care of both the house and their dog.
This new independence and uncertainty regarding her major forced her to reevaluate her academic path. After joining the Fashion Group International student organization, Croteau realized her skills and interests fit perfectly with the apparel and merchandising major in the Department of Design and Merchandising and decided to pursue a career related to the apparel industry.
After making this important decision, Croteau began to excel. She became heavily involved in the department and various student organizations. She was president of Fashion Group International for two years and participated in campus events such as CSUnity and Fall Clean Up. Croteau demonstrated leadership in organizing two Recycled Fashion Shows and acting as show director for Ptero-Couture: Fashion in the Age of Dinosaurs, a fashion show developed in collaboration with the Fort Collins Museum of Discovery. Croteau worked as a liaison between the department and the museum in planning a successful show.
Croteau has been a strong emissary for the university in each of her extracurricular endeavors. Her work as an intern for Dillard’s has opened doors for the department to meet with Dillard’s top management in building industry relations that have generated a new buying internship program at the western regional office in Arizona. As a representative of the department, her excellence has stimulated opportunities for future students to gain experience with Dillard’s. She has also worked in management positions at several local clothing retailers, connecting the university to members of the Fort Collins fashion community.
Despite her busy schedule, Croteau has maintained excellent academic performance throughout her time at CSU. She received the Green and Gold Scholarship and the Honors Scholarship for each of the past three years. Croteau was selected by faculty at universities across the globe in the field of design and merchandising to give an undergraduate research presentation at the International Textiles and Apparel Association Conference in November. Not only did she receive the Yates Award for 2016, but she was also selected as the Outstanding Senior for the Department of Design and Merchandising and was nominated for the Outstanding Senior Award in the College of Health and Human Sciences.
Croteau holds a 3.98 GPA and has earned high praise from several Design and Merchandising faculty members. Karen Hyllegard, a professor in the department, praises her as an exceptional student and leader. “What her academic record does not reveal is the full extent of Daniele’s character and leadership. She consistently demonstrates a high level of maturity, enthusiasm, cooperation and responsibility,” she said.
Croteau credits much of her success to CSU’s nationally ranked Design and Merchandising program. “The DM program showed me what was possible in the fashion industry and it has continued to inspire me,” she said. “Each class has provided insight into different aspects of the industry. Dr. Ruoh-Nan Yan and Dr. Karen Hyllegard have been especially helpful in my time at CSU, guiding me through my Honors Program thesis and giving me the support and confidence I need to pursue my dreams.”
Croteau will be graduating this Friday with a degree in apparel and merchandising and a double minor in mathematics and business administration. After graduation, Croteau will spend a few weeks with her parents in Michigan before moving to New York City to pursue a career in the fashion industry.
College of Health and Human SciencesDepartment of Design and Merchandisingstudent featuresStudents
CSU External Relations Staff
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Newk’s Eatery:
Newk's Eatery Signs 7-Unit Development Agreement In Fort Worth
By: Newk’s Eatery | 6 Shares 102 Reads
Experienced restaurateurs to expand brand to Tarrant and Denton counties
JACKSON, Miss. - Aug. 22, 2017 // PRNewswire // - Newk's Eatery, the fast casual restaurant known for its culinary-driven menu and open kitchen, is expanding in North Texas with the company's latest development agreement to open seven locations in Fort Worth and surrounding areas.
Newk's newest franchisee is an operating group composed of two father-son teams. Texas restaurateurs Cyrus Park and his father Hooshang Naghad will serve as the local operators, with capital and counsel provided by Alan Ribble and son Conner Ribble.
This is the first joint investment by the foursome, who bring extensive restaurant and hospitality industry experience to the table. Naghad opened Park Place, a fine dining restaurant in Texarkana, Arkansas, in 1979 and is a graduate of the French Culinary Institute of New York. Son Cyrus has been working alongside his father for 17 years. The Ribbles have been investors in real estate for over 30 years, including involvement with North Dallas hotel franchises.
"This team is ideal to expand Newk's brand in the Fort Worth area," said Newk's Chief Development Officer Chris Cheek. "They have tremendous hospitality experience, and Cyrus and Hooshang are experts in both restaurant operations and building relationships with guests and in the community."
Now in its 13th year of business, Newk's serves made-from-scratch sandwiches, salads, soups and hand-crafted pizzas for lunch and dinner. Everything on the menu is prepared in open-view kitchens with premium ingredients, such as petite tenderloin steak, Atlantic salmon and sushi-grade ahi tuna, to give guests an authentic, flavor-rich food experience.
"We were attracted to Newk's because we share a philosophy – remain passionate about the food we serve and committed to offering a great guest experience," said Park. "Together, we can make Newk's a go-to fast casual dining experience for customers in and around Fort Worth and Denton."
In the past year, Newk's exceeded the 100-unit mark, expanded into 10 new markets and added over 50 new franchise unit commitments.
For more information on Newk's and its franchise opportunities, visit www.newks.com/franchise.
About Newk's Eatery
Based in Jackson, Mississippi, Newk's Eatery is leading the next generation of fast casual with its culinary-driven menu prepared in Newk's open kitchens, featuring made-from-scratch soups, fresh tossed salads, hand-crafted pizzas, grilled and toasted sandwiches and fresh-baked cakes from Newk's very own bakery. Founded in 2004, Newk's currently operates and franchises more than 115 units in 13 states, and is gaining national attention for its accelerated growth and commitment to community, including Newk's Cares, an ongoing program which has raised more than $500,000 for ovarian cancer research and awareness. The award-winning brand is consistently named among Fast Casual's Top "Movers and Shakers"; was named to Franchise Times' "Fast and Serious" list for three consecutive years; is listed in the Technomic Top 500 Chain Restaurant Report; and was named among NRN's Top 200 and Top 5 Fastest-Growing Chains and Restaurant Business' Top 40 Fast-Casual Chains. For more information, visit Newks.com, join the Roundtable Club or follow Newk's on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.
24-hour Media Line: 817-329-3257
emily@spmcommunications.com
SOURCE Newk’s Eatery
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If you are looking for a solid business opportunity designed for growth, consider the advantages of the Newk's Eatery franchise opportunity.
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TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity
Reading: Reptile diversity of a fragmented lowland rain forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura distric...
Reptile diversity of a fragmented lowland rain forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka
DMS Suranjan Karunarathna ,
Nature Exploration & Education Team, Morauwa, LK
AA Thasun Amarasinghe
Taprobanica Nature Conservation Society, LK
A four month survey was undertaken to document the diversity and abundance of reptiles in the Kukulugala forest (KF) in the Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka. A total of 708 individuals belonging to 41 genera (~50%) and 13 families (~55%) were recorded. KF had high species diversity with 58 species, representing about ~28% of the total diversity of known reptiles of Sri Lanka. Of the recorded species, 11 (~19%) were threatened and 24 (~44%) are endemic to Sri Lanka. Endemic relict genera including Aspidura, Balanophis, Cercaspis, Lyriocephalus, Ceratophora, Lankascincus and Nessia were also recorded during the survey. Availability of varied microhabitats may be responsible for the observed high species diversity. Anthropogenic activities, particularly illegal logging and man-made forest fires, is threatening these habitats leading to reduction in reptile population and diversity.
Keywords: Conservation; endemic; reptiles; threatened; wet-zone; Ratnapura; Sri Lanka
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
TAPROBANICA, October, 2010. Vol. 02, No. 02: pp. 86-94
Keywords: Conservation , endemic , reptiles , threatened , wet-zone , Ratnapura , Sri Lanka
How to Cite: Karunarathna, D.S. and Amarasinghe, A.T., 2011. Reptile diversity of a fragmented lowland rain forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 2(2), pp.86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Published on 23 Jun 2011.
Karunarathna, D.S. and Amarasinghe, A.T., 2011. Reptile diversity of a fragmented lowland rain forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 2(2), pp.86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Karunarathna DS, Amarasinghe AT. Reptile diversity of a fragmented lowland rain forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity. 2011;2(2):86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Karunarathna, D. S., & Amarasinghe, A. T. (2011). Reptile diversity of a fragmented lowland rain forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 2(2), 86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Karunarathna DS and Amarasinghe AT, ‘Reptile Diversity of a Fragmented Lowland Rain Forest Patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka’ (2011) 2 TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 86 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Karunarathna, DMS Suranjan, and AA Thasun Amarasinghe. 2011. “Reptile Diversity of a Fragmented Lowland Rain Forest Patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka”. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 2 (2): 86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Karunarathna, DMS Suranjan, and AA Thasun Amarasinghe. “Reptile Diversity of a Fragmented Lowland Rain Forest Patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka”. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 2, no. 2 (2011): 86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
Karunarathna, D. S.and A. T. Amarasinghe. “Reptile Diversity of a Fragmented Lowland Rain Forest Patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka”. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, vol. 2, no. 2, 2011, pp. 86–94. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v2i2.3146
E-ISSN: 1800-427X
Published by Taprobanica Private Limited
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Dotan at Ziggo Dome, Monday 21 December 2015
My last concert of the year was Dotan at the Ziggo Dome. I don’t think I would have gone to see him on my own, but Fiona is a big fan. We took a friend of Fiona’s along as well, and had an excellent evening. Support was by Alex Vargas. His music wasn’t to Fiona’s taste, but I liked it. He’s coming back to Amsterdam for a solo gig at Tolhuistuin in March. I might try to catch him again.
Dotan only has one album, but he’s a local artist who has made it big internationally, and he was able to sell out the Ziggo Dome with ease. The home crowd loved him. He put on a fantastic set, with five percussionists on stage. (Some of them played other instruments throughout the set, too.) He told stories between songs, and the video wall behind the stage showed beautiful footage he had shot recently on a trip to Iceland. When the main set ended, Fiona was shocked — actually shocked — that he hadn’t played “Home“. I explained that artists will sometimes hold back a big hit until the very end of the show (especially if they haven’t had many), because that’s often what pulled people in to the concert in the first place. (People are better at remembering the last thing they hear in a concert or presentation. Psychology.) And indeed, he came on for an encore, and played us out with “Home”.
On our way out, we bought a sweatshirt for Fiona, and a beanie hat for her friend. They didn’t have sweatshirts in Fiona’s normal size, so she got a Large one instead. It is ridiculously huge, but it suits her anyway.
(After dropping Fiona’s friend off, I played Snow Patrol’s “Run” in the car, because Dotan’s voice had been reminding me of Gary Lightbody’s throughout the gig. She didn’t agree.)
Note for future self: avoid the food at the Ziggo Dome. The frites taste weird. I had some at the Foo Fighters gig, and I ate Fiona’s leftovers at this gig, after she decided they didn’t taste very good. I agreed, but ate them anyway. Upset digestion after both events. Might be connected.
New York in December
Monday travel & Brooklyn for dinner with Patrick & Teresa. Offensively soft bed at the Hyatt Union Square. (Do American hotels compete on how soft they can make their beds?) Sore neck all week as a result.
Tuesday work, work. Quick visit to the Nintendo World Store for souvenirs. Dinner at Mighty Quinn’s Barbeque on 2nd and 6th. Barcade on St. Marks Pl. Snuffle at Strand Bookstore and Forbidden Planet just round the corner from hotel.
Wednesday work, work. Sushi at Yama on 17th Street — my first time eating at an actual sushi restaurant rather than supermarket sushi. Also edamame for the first time. Walk to Times Square. So much light. Visit to M&M’s World! One product; a million ways of co-branding. Carry on up Broadway to Columbus Circle. Hang out on Umpire Rock & play on the swings at the adjacent playground. Colleagues bar-hop their way back to hotel; I take the subway and skip the booze.
Thursday work, work. Subway to Brooklyn to see the Nets play the 76ers at the Barclays Center. (Jewish Heritage Night.) 100-91 after wasting a 10-point lead in the 3rd quarter. Go Nets! Foam fingers and thundersticks. Strand Bookstore again
Friday work, work. Retrospective. Walk around the block for donuts and coffee from Dough on 14th. Super-quick last-minute shopping at the Christmas market on Union Square before subway to Penn Station and train to Newark. Plane home.
Trying to get better at selfies
Not sure if I’m doing it right.
The first one is me on the flight from Amsterdam to New York on Sunday 6 December. The second is me on the flight from Amsterdam to New York on Monday 7 December…
The first one was cancelled. The plane was fully boarded and ready to go, but we sat on the tarmac at the gate for three hours waiting for an engineering crew to fix a fauly backup instrument. By the time they got it fixed, the flight crew had timed out and we couldn’t leave. We all had to disambark, collect our bags, and stand in line for the ground crew to re-book us on alternative travel. By the time it was my turn, the only options were to take a long stop-over in London and arrive in New York at midnight (ugh), or to fly out the next day. At least it was easy enough for me to just go back home for the rest of the day.
That turned out to be the better option. The same flight the next morning was full, but the original plane was still on the ground in Amsterdam, and had to get back to New York. So United ran it as a special flight for all the passengers from the previous day who hadn’t been re-booked otherwise. All 26 of us.
When I showed up at the gate, I thought that I was late, because there was hardly anyone sitting around waiting. On board the plane, it was like being on a private jet. Everyone who wanted one could have en entire row to themselves. The cabin crew were relaxed and chatty. It was possibly the most enjoyable transatlantic flight I’ve ever had.
Tour of the Tennet transformer station Oostzaan
Our local electrical substation is being upgraded from 150kV to 380kV. On Thursday 26 November, the company managing the station and the upgrade, Tennet, held an open evening where interested locals got to take a look around the substation. Fiona and I got along there late, but we just managed to get in on one of the last tours. We live close to the substation, and we go past it regularly. This was the first time we’d seen inside. It was pretty cool.
Zaanstreek, Saturday 31 October and Sunday 1 November
Over the weekend of 31 October/1 November we had some visitors, Emma and James, friends we have known for years, but never met in person. Yay Internet. On the Saturday we cycled to Zaanse Schans and did windmills. Sunday was misty, and we went for a walk in het Twiske.
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General Overview on Hepatitis C
General Overview on Hepatitis C essay
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Hepatitis is a liver inflammation that is caused by a virus or a toxin. All lobule of the liver are affected by hepato cellular necrosis which is usually patchy or diffuse. There are about five viral agents that cause viral hepatitis to be precise A, B, C, D and E. This disease bears a high degree of commonness and importance worldwide with the number of people suffering from it ranging in millions. This paper is only going to tackle Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis C was discovered in the year 1988, and it bears the greatest responsibility as far as transfusion-associated hepatitis is concerned. Before its discovery, it could neither be classified as hepatitis A nor B, and it was thereby categorized as non-A, non-B hepatitis. In 71-84% of this transfusion-related type, its antibodies (anti- HCV) have since been detected. Consequently, the extensive blood samples testing for the virus ought to eradicate close to 80 percent of the transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis (Kilgore, 1991).
Since its discovery, its significance has enormously increased with an estimated 1% worldwide prevalence. North America has a rate of 1- 1.6% while that of North Africa is about 10- 14%. Providentially, evidence has shown that the new infections rate has gone down by tenfold in the last ten years (Achord, 134).
More serious illness can be caused by the virus which causes liver inflammation, and which is primarily spread by the intravenous contact with blood of a person who is infected. (Armstrong 720). Despite acutely attacking the liver, it is almost impossible to eliminate this disease spontaneously. At its recognition, it actually tends to possess a characteristic of being mild. In a tangible number of patients, it causes cirrhosis when it persists. Further, it predisposes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (Achord, 134).
Health workers are usually at a high risk of getting infected because they are highly exposed to carrier body fluids (and blood). Infection can result with the first time exposure to Hepatitis C, but it's not easily transmitted as hepatitis B (7%-30%); nonetheless, the transmission of hepatitis C is higher than HIV (0.3%) (Dillman 98). Activities that could render one at risk of infection include use of illegal drugs through injection, transplants of body organs (incase bood contained HCV), exposure to products of blood, body piercing using shared instruments, etc.
Several patients are asymptomatic, particularly in persistent hepatitis C. Nonspecific anorexia, malaise and fatigue are frequent, occasionally with nondescript upper abdominal discomfort and low-grade fever. Jaundice is variable and is habitually lacking (Kilgore 200).
The main mode of transmission is usually injection of drugs using shared needles. However, there exists an infinitesimal chance of transmission through sexual intercourse. Infected mothers are also likely to transmit the virus to their infants though this rarely happens.
As it has been noted above, Hepatitis C is quite a problematic disease. It makes one continue suffering for a better part of life because of the way it attacks the immune system of the body. However, health researchers have been endlessly working towards finding a way of curbing this disease and apparently, there has been a recent discovery on the treatment of Hepatitis C.
Consequently, new technologies have been deduced to curb the rampant effect of the disease. In fact, it is one of the rampant chronic diseases in the US. 20% of HCV patients develop cirrhosis. This occurs in the first 10 to 20 years. Chronic Hepatitis cause liver failure and it account most liver transplants in US. Between 20 to 40 years of the disease some individuals develop liver cancer.
Discovery on the Treatment of Hepatitis
For a considerably long time now, doctors have been using a two-drug characteristic treatment on Hepatitis C. According to a recent research, the effectiveness of this treatment has been enormously improved due to the additional of boceprevir, a newly discovered drug. This by far exceeds the usual standard therapy in terms of effectiveness.
Ribavirin and pegin interferon are two antiviral, which doctors have been using to treat hepatitis but when combined with boseprevir, the rate of response is tremendously improved. However, this new drug has not yet been approved.
The studies that led to the discovery of this new drug were funded by Merk, who also manufactured it. The researchers noted that there was an enormous improvement in the responsiveness of the patients who hhad not been treated previously when the three drugs were administered together. This was a major breakthrough in the records of their findings.
The discovery of the PCR technique has also hampered treatment of HCV. PCR is a technique used to amplify specific region of a DNA strand. Thus, it becomes easier to identify the presence of viruses in serum. HCV is diagnosed when serum amino transferase are elevated, and anti hepatitis C virus is present in the serum. Presence of HCV RNA in serum confirms the diagnoses. (Armstrong 714).
He picked 1,097 people for the purposes of the study, and they were distributed into three groups randomly. All of them had not received treatment for the disease earlier, and the number of the black ones was 159. Ribavirin and peginterferon drugs were used to treat all of them. One group had additional 24 weeks boceprevir treatment after a period of four weeks. There was also an additional 44 weeks treatment with placebo for the second group. Lastly, all the three types of drugs were administered to the third group for a 44 weeks period.
Among non-black patients, 40 percent achieved a sustained response to standard care. The researchers also noted that, for those who received boceprevir, a good 68 percent responded quite positively. 23 percent of the black patients responded quite positively to the standard care but for those who had boceprevir addition, the number was 53 percent.
Anemia was one of the most serious common side effects observed but with a higher number on those who were treated with the three drugs. In a different study, patients were categorized into three groups just as it had been done earlier. 66 percent of those who received the three drugs showed a sustained response while only 21 percent of the other groups responded positively.
There was a substantial advance observed on the administration of the drug boceprevir towards treating hepatitis C. This is a major step towards dealing with this dangerous disease and we can only hope that it’s going to receive the necessary approval sooner than later.
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Johnson's Great Society Programs
Johnson's Great Society Programs essay
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The purpose of Johnson's Great Society programs was to improve the quality of life in the country. Many people in this period lived in poverty, in isolated rural areas and urban slums. Johnson created new cabinet offices and new agencies and a national public broadcasting network for this program management. He used federal funds to provide health service and medical care for poor people, for education and development of urban areas. Generally, the War on Poverty was focused on indirect methods of eliminating poverty. The government gave the opportunity for people to get education, be free to choose and create their lives and local policies. They created the job training courses, scholarship and legal services. “…the War on Poverty required that poor people play a leading part in the design and implementation of local policies”.(p.928) The main idea these programs were based on is described in the phrase “We seek...not just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result".
This attempt was very important government action on the way of improving the living conditions. The sum spent on this program was huge, but not enough to introduce all the improvements, but “the War on Poverty succeeded in reducing the incidence of poverty from 22 percent to 13 percent of American families during the 1960s.”(p.929) and it was good attempt to address the government forces to poor people.
How Did the Vietnam War Transform American Politics and Culture?
The Vietnam War greatly influenced America. The American government made people participate in the Vietnam War, and that caused the appearance of anti-war movement and important changes in the country. America supplied South Vietnam with weapon and soldiers. “By the 1968, the war had sidetracked much of the Great Society and had torn families, universities, and the Democratic Party apart.” (p.940). The government was used to lower the voting age to 18 in 1971, because soldiers sent to Vietnam were obliged to military service, but had no voice in American Politics.
Mentioning cultural changes, they were significant. This war resulted into an antiwar movement and appearance of “counterculture”. American people suffered from this war and suggested it unfair. “By 1967, young men were burning their draft cards of fleeing to Canada to avoid fighting in what they considered an unjust war.”(p.941)
The war destructed the people’s belief to authority and this caused the appearance of “counterculture”. Young people from different social classes openly rejected the values and behavior of the elder. The youth rejected the norms of clothes, hair cut, general appearance, behavior. This movement produced hippies, rock concerts and famous Woodstock festival. This movement represented wide freedom which meant the rejection of authority. However, also this movement caused the experiments in Arts and Literature, new wave of creativity, and produced many famous people.
“Counterculture” was the way of personal liberation and personal individualization caused by results of long involvement in the Vietnam War.
What Were the Sources and Significance of the Rights Revolution of the Late 1960s?
The rise of New Left inspired other Americans to fight for their rights. “ Many borrowed the confrontational tactics of the black movement and activists students, adopting their language of "power" and "liberation", and their rejection of traditional organizations and approaches.“(p.943)
This period is characterized by feminists’ movement wakeup, sexual liberation, Mexican-American people activism and American Indian Movement. The rights revolution followed these movements. It began at the street and achieved constitutional legitimacy through the Court, the most conservative branch of the government.
The revolution rights are an important step on the way to equality, recognition and freedom achievement, on the way of society foundation. It transformed the fighting for freedom to the form of individual voices of grievance into the open-ended claim for equality and self-determination of all the Americans.
What Were the Major Policies of the Nixon’s Administration on Social and Economic Issues?
Nixon’s policy is the combination of liberal or conservative policies. He gained the applause of conservatives by offering federal “block grants” to spend as they saw appropriate. The purposes of financing were not managed by Washington. On the other hand, he created many new government agencies. He paid a lot of attention to ecology trying to improve the ecological situation and control it. He “required “environmental impact” statement from any project that received federal funding.”(p.959) Nixon spent lavishly on social services and environmental initiatives. He improved the food stamp program and indexed the Social Security measure to inflation – meaning that they would rise automatically, as the cost of living increased. Nixon decided to replace the Aid to Families with Dependent Children, which offered quite limited aid for poor families, with the Family Assistance Plan, which meant the guarantee of minimum income to all Americans. Following the Johnson’s program for upgrading the minority employment, Nixon required that construction contractors on federal projects hire specific number of minorities.
What Were the Roots of the Rise of Conservatism in the 1970s?
The combination of domestic and international dislocations during the 1970s created a wide spread sense of anxiety among Americans, and offered conservatives new political opportunities. Economic situation also needed changes. Americans demanded lower taxes, reduced government regulation and cuts in social spending for business investments. In addition, America faced international problems. Fears about a decline of America power in the world lead to calls for a renewal of Cold War. There was a disagreement in Democratic Coalition caused by civil rights and sexual revolution. The urban crime rates rose. Court and law agencies were suggested too lenient towards criminals. In addition, “the rise of religious to fundamentalism during 1970s expended conservatism’s popular base”(p. 979).
All these resulted in the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.
How Did the Reagan’s Presidency Affect Americans Both at Home and Abroad?
Reagan introduced the Tax reform Act which reduced the rate on the wealthiest Americans to 28 percent. That meant that the wealthy should pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than other citizens. His economic program relied on high interest rates to curb the inflation and lower tax rates, especially for rich Americans, to stimulate private investments. “This policy assumed that cutting taxes would inspire Americans to work harder, since they would keep more of the money they earned.”(p.988) However, people spent money not on the productive investments, but on luxury goods, real-estate speculations, and corporate buyouts that often led to plant closing as operations were consolidated. The income of middle class stagnated while that of the poorest one-fifth of the population declined. There appeared a lot of homeless people in the streets.
Reagan advocated a “return to spiritual values” as a way to strengthen the local community and traditional families. However, Reagan’s Revolution undetermined such values. “Intended to discourage reliance on government handouts by rewarding honest work and business initiative, Reagan’s policies inspired a speculative frenzy that enriched architects of corporate takeovers and investors in the stock market while leaving in their wake plant closing, job losses and devastated communities.” (p.994) Nothing can damage the family stability and local traditions than deindustrialization, relentless downward pressure on wages and insecurity about employment.
What Were the Major International Initiatives of the Clinton Administration in the Aftermath of the Cold War?
The United States became the world’s dominant power. Clinton took steps to encourage the settlement of long-ending international conflicts, and tried to elevate support for human rights to the central place in international relations. Clinton tried to set up peaceful relations of Palestinian land and Israel, but he didn’t succeed. He didn’t want America to be involved in military conflict, but he took measures to keep the peace between the countries. A good example is the situation when tribal massacres attacked Rwanda. The Clinton’s government did nothing but arranged the peaceful return to power of Haiti’s elected president. American troops landed on the islands not to occupy it, but to assist an elected government to keep the peace. Americans also were peacekeepers in the ethnic conflicts among new countries which were created after Yugoslavia had collapsed.
Human rights paled very important role in Clinton’s international policy. He created the international organization that monitored how the government treated their citizens. Human rights emerged as a justification to intervention in matters once considered to be the internal affairs of sovereign nations. “The United States dispatched the military distant parts of the world to assist in international missions to protect civilians. “(p.1006)
What Forces Drove the Economic Resurgence of the 1990s?
The computer revolution took place in America. Computers became smaller, faster and less expensive than they had been before and people started to use them for home use and business. Large and small investors poured their funds into the stocks, which were spurred by the increase of online and discount firms that aggressively advertised and charged the lower fees than international brokers. Investors were especially attracted to the companies that conducted business through the Internet and seemed to symbolize the promise of new economy.
The era of technologies began and the economics was greatly influenced by them. For the first time since the early 1970s, average real wages and family incomes began to grow significantly. Nevertheless, in the last two decades of the twenties century, the poor and the middle-class people became worse off, while the rich became significantly richer. The United States became the most unequal society in the developed world.
What Cultural Conflicts Emerged in the 1990s?
Renewed emphasis of the group identity and insistent demands for group recognition and power racked the international arena during the 1990s. Socialism and nationalism had entitled people of different backgrounds in pursuit of the common goals.
Because of shifts in immigration, cultural and racial diversity became increasingly visible in the United States. The largest minority group was Latinos. Asian-Americans also became increasingly visible.
Cultural diversity also caused cultural conflicts. Some Americans didn’t suggest the increased number of immigrants as a celebration of pluralism, but as an alarm over the perceived cultural fragmentation. There were debates on educational policy for immigrant children. These issues affected California the most dramatically, because “the voters in 1994 approved the Prepositions 187, which denied illegal immigrants and their children access to the welfare, education and health services”. Some people argue that non-white immigration posed a threat to the country’s historical and cultural identity, and should be curtailed. In California, Republicans’ anti-immigrant campaigns inspired political mobilization and offended many white Americans.
Custom Johnson's Great Society Programs essay
Related History essays
Early African American Identity essay
Course of the Second World War essay
Impact of Mongol Empire on the World essay
Social History, Sex, and Religion within the Stories of John McGahern essay
Preamble to the Constitution essay
Arthur Andersen essay
Ancient History Cleopatra essay
Relationship between Race and Capitalism essay
Cold War and Homeland Security essay
Discrimination of the Mexican American Men During World War II essay
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Abbey Road – The Beatles Show
COME BACK! That was the unanimous scream of thousands of followers of The Beatles when they decided to separate the group. And they were heard: using an alchemy of drums and guitars, the Liverpool quartet was reincarnated on the Abbey Road.
A concert of the Abbey Road is a tunnel to another dimension, to immerse itself in the music of the 60. With impeccable sounds and a repertoire that gathers the greatest hits of the British band during the period 1962-1966.
The musical instruments used by Abbey Road are the same ones used by the Liverpool Quartet during the years 62-70. Vox amps, Rickenbacker guitars, Gretsch, Fender Stratocaster, Gibson Casino, under Hofner and Rickenbacker and Dr Ludwig.
Considered by the musical magazine MOHO the 5th band tribute to The Beatles of the world and the first band tribute to The Beatles of non-English speech. The musical trajectory of Abbey Road can speak of more than 1,500 concerts by 4 continentes.Hasta here the words. Now, be prepared to travel in time with the ABBEY ROAD
“They Come back”
07 January 21:00 - 23:00
This August we will have 3D Secure concert at Teatro Barceló. The best possible plan for the end of the summer. We are waiting for you to enjoy good music and an unbeatable atmosphere. Do not miss the opportunity to live this experience and buy your tickets now! Information: Date: August 31 Time: 20:00 pm
On September 11th we will have the pleasure of receiving in Teatro Barceló Buffalo Tom, an alternative rock group that after his long career, will present his ninth album titled "Quiet and Peace" at Teatro Barceló. We are sure that with their new successes they will make us enjoy what they have been doing since their first album 30 years ago. If you do not want to lose them, enter and get your ticket already.
Dominican singer-songwriter Vicente García, a three-time Latin Grammy winner, will perform on September 29 at the Barceló Theater. He will present his third album titled "Candela", the final work of a trilogy that began with "Melodrama" and "A la mar". An album that combines merengue styles with African and electronic music. Information: Date: September 29, 2019. Time: 9:00 p.m. Price: € 26 + management fees A great opportunity to enjoy his live music. Buy your tickets!
The sensation of the Grammy-nominated pop, JULIA MICHAELS, will land in our country next fall, will perform at the Barceló Theater in Madrid on October 4 during her world tour 'THE INTERNAL MONOLOGUE TOUR'. Do not miss this great opportunity Buy your tickets! Information: Pop group Date: October 4, 2019. Time: 9:00 p.m. Price: 29€
The fantastic duo of Cala Vento will perform at the Barceló Theater next October. We present his latest studio album called "Balanceo" in which new influences and a more abstract and conceptual lyric are given without forgetting the euphoria and intensity of their beginning. Do not miss it, buy your ticket now! Information: Pop group Date: October 18, 2019. Time: 20: 00h Price: € 11
The Scottish singer and writer Lewis Capaldi visits our country again, on October 28 in the Teatro Barceló in Madrid and on October 29th in the Bikini room in Barcelona. His success began in 2017 with his debut single "Bruises" and continues in 2019 as he has been nominated in the "Critics Choice Awards" category of the BBC. Do not miss it and discover the great songs that will present us at the concert. We will wait for you.
On November 14th at 9:00 pm, Bear's Den will be at Teatro Barceló. It will be a great opportunity to see them playing songs of their new album "So That You Might Hear Me" live. An album that talks about the "attempt to communicate with someone and feel that you can not reach them" as they said. If you do not want to miss it, get your tickets now!
Archive - December 7th
They have been 25 extraordinary years for Archive, covering 12 studio albums that encapsulate the changes of sound, vision and personnel in an unbreakable way, and that have ensured that their music has remained fresh, dynamic and absorbing. To celebrate its anniversary, Archive launched "25", a compilation in a luxury box featuring 43 tracks on six vinyl records (or four CDs), and 8 new compositions, as well as a 160-page book of contemporary interviews with current and previous band members and photos from Archive's private collections. INFORMATION: December 7, 2019 - Madrid - Barceló Theater Early price: € 25 On sale on February 1 at 10am at: Ticketea / Eventbrite / Ticketmaster
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Is Instagram ruining photography?
he start of the discussion:
Instagram has ruined photography as an art form
by Kristianne Drake
The app Instagram which allows everyone to post photographs on the internet for the world to see has ruined the art of photography. Now, everyone is a photographer. There are filters that allow the photograph to be transformed from not very good to mediocre imagery that is now celebrated worldwide.
DISCUSS!!!!!
Instagram is a photography app which allows people to share photographs, which they can edit themselves, with friends and followers . The image below reads
“Capture and Share the World’s Moments
Instagram is a fast, beautiful and fun way to share your life with friends and family.
Take a picture or video, choose a filter to transform its look and feel, then post to Instagram — it’s that easy. You can even share to Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and more. It’s a new way to see the world.
Oh yeah, did we mention it’s free?”
Instagram Homepage
Instagram is trying its very best to convince people to download its app on the homepage, with links to download it, free. It allows amateurs to create images which appear professional and appealing, by letting you to add filters and effects to your own images before posting them online. The ‘advert’ has used a large font for the title to catch your interest saying “Capture and Share the World’s Moments”. Memories and moments are something which you like to remember and taking a photograph is the perfect way to remember them. By sharing them online, many people can view them and share that recollection with you.
The main text explains very briefly what the app does, making it seem simple therefore enticing you to create an account. The words “fast”, “beautiful” and “fun” are all highlighted in a bold font because instagram want you to notice those 3 words; they’re convincing and attractive. The power of three is often used in advertising to make something memorable and persuasive.
At the end they just happen to add that the app is free, as if you need one more reason to convince you to download it.
Instagram is one of my personal favourite apps. I have been using it for almost a year now. I find that not only is it a great way to share images with your friends, but also creates very aesthetic images. I take pictures just like any other teen would of their everyday life, from my food to the selfie, I document it all, especially being a photography student. It is also a great way of sharing your professional work. Even if you have taken it on a professional camera, you are still able to post it on Instagram.
Image by Tegan Upton
This photograph was taken on my Samsung Galaxy S III mini camera and edited with instagram. The phone had a very good quality and instagram was, as always, my editing tool. I have recently upgraded to an iPhone and have found the quality of the camera (both front and back cameras) is incredible. I can’t seem to stop taking photographs with it!
Image by Tegan Upton – after editing
Image by Tegan Upton – before editing
This is one of the first image I took using my iPhone (again editing on instagram). Ok, so the framing isn’t brilliant. But the quality of the photograph is incredibly good. I tend to keep my images fairly natural and just emphasise the colours a little. Upon looking at the images together, the edited one does look perhaps a bit over exaggerated, however when I view it on its own it appears more subtle. The filter has emphasised the sunlight shining onto the water and colours in the images, although made the sky slightly pink.
This is the opinion of one of my friends who I asked to tell me what they think about Instagram. They do have an account and post images to it, however not regularly. “It gives people the ability to create ‘aesthetic’ pictures to give the impression of them being good photos. There’s no composition, lighting, developmental skill. All it is is pictures of regular stuff with the natural lighting enhanced shadowing to create dreamy images. There’s no skill or art to them whatsoever.” Although I think he is totally right, I can’t help but want to strongly disagree with him, it gives people to create something beautiful, whether they’re naturally good at it or not.
Zach Sutton says in his article “Using Instagram in the Professional World”, “I think it gives people a cheap alternative to explore photography. It also gives a lot of people a chance to have their voice heard.” Why shouldn’t everyone be given the opportunity to take photographs which look professional? Photography is an expensive business and not everybody is going to be able to afford an expensive camera and editing software. Also, as I said before, it is a great way to share your work (getting your voice heard).
Nick Knights most recent Instagram posts
Nick Knight is a renowned professional photographer who uses his iPhone and Instagram to take images. He compares the iPhone camera to the Hasselblad, saying that it is just as good. Knight talks about how the iPhone and Instagram have given him freedom, as it is not a heavy piece of equipment which he has to lug around with him. “If the image works, then who cares how many pixels it has?”. I have to say I agree with him. Taking an image is about your creativity, feelings and emotions. A masterpiece isn’t always perfect, so why should an image have to be. After all, some of Jackson Pollock’s paintings look as if they could be done by a toddler.
Image my Nick Knight – Cara Delevingne using iPhone
Image by Nick Knight posted on Instagram
He has recently shot a campaign for Diesel with Nicola Formichetti, shot completely on iPhone and used image-manipulation apps to edit them. “It’s a campaign in the most modern guise… “Created purely for the digital community,” explains Formichetti, featuring non-models such as performance artist Mykki Blanco. Fitting then, that Knight chose to shoot the entire campaign using an iPhone and a couple of image-manipulation apps.” – says Laura Bradley in the article ” Nick Knight on the Changing Face of Fashion Photography.” The young generation are now getting information through digital mediums, so Knight believes that by using Instagram for the campaign, it is relevant in this new and exciting time. I love how Knight has chosen to make this change and I hope that he will continue to create his wonderful images using his iPhone, as I think they are just as good as using a Hasselblad.
Diesel Campaign by Nick Knight
Instagram is an app which I love and do not feel that it is threatening to professional photographers, as it is unlikely you will become a professional photographer though Instagram, with over 100 million users. It is a way which everyone can share their life and creativity. This quote from Knight explains this perfectly “I don’t have a Twitter account because it’s essentially about writing and my focus has always been visual. Instagram felt like the most appropriate way for me to communicate”.
http://www.anothermag.com/current/view/3169/Nick_Knight_on_the_Changing_Face_of_Fashion_Photography
http://photography.tutsplus.com/articles/using-instagram-in-the-professional-world–photo-16775
http://blog.photoshelter.com/2012/04/why-instagram-is-terrible-for-photographers-and-why-you-should-use-it/
http://blog.instagram.com/post/44078783561/100-million
Posted in This Semester... and tagged 100 million users, Account, Android, App, App Store, Camera, Cara Delevingne, Diesel Campaign, Effects, Filters, Free, Hasselblad, Hasselblad vs iPhone, Instagram, instagram.com, iPhone, Mobile Phone, Nick Knight, Nicola Formichetti, Online, Photography, Quality, Sharing on April 1, 2014 by teganupton. 3 Comments
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Reagan, Deregulation and America’s Exceptional Rise in Health Care Costs
The following originally appeared on The Upshot (copyright 2018, The New York Times Company). Research for this piece was supported by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation.
Why did American health care costs start skyrocketing compared with those of other advanced nations starting in the early 1980s?
At the same time this was happening, American longevity gains were failing to keep up with peer countries. In addressing these twin mysteries in a recent article, experts suggested two main reasons: The United States didn’t impose the same types of government cost controls on health care that other nations did, and we invested less in social programs that also promote health.
Many readers have since commented that it had to do with the Reagan-era zeitgeist, or increasing obesity. In the intervening weeks, I have spoken with many more health care experts — about their ideas as well as those of readers — and several, while believing the article essentially covered the answers, offered intriguing new observations.
The 1980s divergence in health costs, some readers and experts observed, coincided with a broad push toward deregulation.
Gary Gaumer, an associate professor at Simmons College School of Business, pointed to changes in how hospitals and doctors were paid. Before the early 1980s, payments by Medicare and other insurers were tied to costs. If it cost a hospital, say, $5,000 for a patient’s surgery, that’s what the hospital was paid, plus a bit more for reasonable profit.
But then payers (private insurers and government health care programs like Medicare) began to shift financial risk to providers like hospitals and doctors. It started with a law that began affecting most hospitals in 1983, changing how Medicare paid hospitals to a fixed price per visit, regardless of the actual costs. This approach later spread to other Medicare services and other payers, including private insurers. If providers could get costs down, they made money. If they couldn’t, they lost money.
“Hospitals and other providers began to behave more like businesses,” Mr. Gaumer said. “And the culture of health care delivery began to change.”
To lessen risk, hospitals sought revenue at every turn, starting new programs and offering new services — such as providing new outpatient services that previously involved longer hospital stays. Health care organizations became more concerned with growing in scale to absorb the higher level of risk, which helped push health care spending ever higher.
Though shifting more responsibility to the investor-owned private sector seemed to backfire as a cost-control measure, it was consistent with broader deregulation in the 1980s.
“We need to see the medical sector as part of the broader gestalt of American society at the time,” said John McDonough, professor of Public Health Practice at the Harvard Chan School of Public Health. President Carter was “obsessed with broad public and private health care cost control, and Reagan abandoned that, with the exception of Medicare,” he said.
The 1980s deregulatory agenda was evident in states as well. Many abandoned health care price and capital investment controls. Managed care — in the form of health maintenance organizations — was the free-market replacement to government regulations. Investor-owned, shareholder-driven, for-profit companies became common in health care for the first time. They focused on revenue and profit maximization, not cost control.
“‘Greed is good’ was more than a catchy movie line — it was the Me Decade’s dominant theory,” Professor McDonough said. “No other advanced democracy embraced deregulated health care markets in the way that the U.S. did. It swept through health care as it did every other part of the U.S. economy.”
Further explanations for why the nation fell behind in health care outcomes, starting in the 1980s, are harder to come by. Mr. McDonough pointed to the direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs that began in the decade. And the first signs of the obesity epidemic began to appear in this decade, but not enough to explain that decade’s remarkable cost explosion.
Stuart Butler, a senior fellow in economic studies at the Brookings Institution, added that underfunding of social services relative to medical care probably played a significant role in both health care spending and outcomes. “I’d like to see more experimentation with investments in nonmedical sectors we know also affect health,” he said, “but we’ll need to track these carefully to find what actually pays off.” These include housing and education, for example.
Gail Wilensky, senior fellow at Project HOPE, an international health foundation, and former director of the Medicare and Medicaid programs under President George H.W. Bush, agreed that the United States spends too much on health care and too little on other social services. Firearms and illicit drugs also contribute to early deaths. However, she pointed to one hopeful example. “The U.S. was unusually successful in smoking cessation, relative to other countries,” she said. “If we could replicate that success in other areas, like obesity reduction, we might close the gap in health care outcomes.”
She said there are other hopeful lessons from history. American health spending pulled away from that of other countries over the decades in large part because of an expansion of programs like Medicare and Medicaid, without the kind of brakes on prices and technology adoption that other countries put in place.
But health spending growth relative to G.D.P. held steady in the 1990s. “That’s partly due to a strong economy,” she said. “But we also put some brakes on Medicare in that decade. In addition, managed care slowed growth in the private sector.”
If we did it then, we could do it again, she added.
health care spending, health outcomes, international comparisons, LJAF, Upshot
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Googlopolis - Interview by Christina Larson | Foreign Policy
Tags: Cambridge, China, Creativity, Google, India, Internet, Israel, News, Research, Silicon-Valley, Start-Ups, Tech, Universities, USA
Googlopolis
Eric Schmidt tells FP what makes a city smart, how not to lose $1 trillion -- and the one place he's never been.
INTERVIEW BY CHRISTINA LARSON | SEPT. / OCT. 2010
Can there ever be another Silicon Valley, in the United States or anywhere else? What makes it so special?
One thing is the weather. You think I'm joking, but the weather is certainly a part of it.
There can be many Silicon Valleys. It is absolutely a reproducible model; it's not something in the water. You know, the history starts in the '50s. What basically happened in Silicon Valley is that you had strong research universities, a relatively liberal and creative culture, lots of reasons for young people to stay in the area -- and young people are the ones with the new ideas. Then you had the development of the venture capital industry.
What's interesting is that every 10 years someone writes an article about how Silicon Valley was responsible for the last innovation wave, but it will miss the next wave. Yet Silicon Valley has now been at the forefront of four or five successive tech waves and has proved itself remarkably resilient because of the combination of the universities, the culture, the climate, the capital. My point is that if you have all of those elements, you can have your own Silicon Valley wherever you want.
If Google weren't located in Silicon Valley, is there anywhere else you've visited that you can imagine it could be located in -- or any places that remind you of Silicon Valley around the world?
That's a very hard question to answer. Most would argue that Cambridge, England has a lot of the criteria -- there's been an explosion of start-ups there. Another scenario would be New York City. Obviously it does not have the weather, but it has the draw for young people and certainly the financial sophistication; plenty of smart people and the sense of globalization are very important. It's unlikely that would occur in a place that does not see itself in a global context. The Bay Area, because it's a gateway to Asia, has always seen itself in a global context.
What about a place like Shanghai or Beijing?
Shanghai could do it, although in China the universities are strongest in Beijing. Shanghai isn't quite the New York of China, but it could be. Bangalore emerged as a tech hub in India in part because of favorable weather, a strong university system, and concerted support by the state government. So there are partial versions of that happening.
How is information technology changing the world?
When I was growing up, an elite controlled the media. And the majority of the world was very, very poor, both in a resource sense and an information sense. Since then, a set of things have occurred: the digital revolution, the mobile revolution, and so forth -- of which I am enormously proud because they are roughly the equivalent of lifting people from abject poverty and ignorance to a reasonable ability to communicate and participate in the conversation.
Information empowers individuals. And it has a huge and overwhelmingly positive impact on society. Think of someone who can now get information about finance or technology, or they're in school and they can't afford textbooks but access information online. Or imagine medicine -- I mean there's just issue after issue.
Globalization has clearly been responsible for lifting at least 2 billion people from abject poverty to extremely low levels of middle class. As a result, they have greater access to education and opportunity; they are much less likely to attack you, and they're busy trying to fulfill their low-cost version of the American Dream. They're trying to buy a car.
Is there a downside to hyper-information access?
I am worried about the decline of what I call deep reading. In other words, the sort of "here I am on the airplane, there's no Internet connection, I am reading a book thoroughly" reading. You do less of that in a world where everything is a snippet, everything is an instant message, everything is an alert.
What are you reading right now?
Steve Coll's Ghost Wars.
What is one place in the world that you have never visited but you would like to?
What's a good risk?
You cannot eliminate all risk, but you can certainly put yourself into situations where the failures are not horrific. In other words, fail early. Fail early in a small team before you have devoted $20 billion to something. If 10 people fail, maybe you have lost their time and a couple million dollars, but if a space shuttle blows up and the whole thing is a disaster, you have lost a trillion dollars.
How does innovation happen?
Real insights don't come out of linear plans; they come from collecting ideas and thinking about things and then all of the sudden -- creativity occurs on Saturday morning when you least expect it.
Illustration by Joe Ciardiello for FP
Save big when you subscribe to FP.
Eric E. Schmidt is CEO of Google.
Interview by Foreign Policy contributing editor Christina Larson.
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Tags: Israel, StartUps, Tech
WIRED's 100 Hottest European Startups 2015: Tel Aviv is where the money is when it comes to an emerging startup culture (Wired UK)
Europe's hottest startups 2015: Tel Aviv
Corbis
Oliver Franklin-Wallis
Assistant Editor, WIRED
This article was first published in the September 2015 issue of WIRED magazine. Be the first to read WIRED's articles in print before they're posted online, and get your hands on loads of additional content by subscribing online
Tel Aviv is where the money is. The startup nation became the exit nation in 2014, with Israeli tech sales and IPOs hitting $15 billion (£9.5bn) according to analysis by PriceWaterhouseCoopers.
Expect 2015 to be another huge year, with $910 million raised in one January week alone and Outbrain and IronSource preparing IPOs. "What sets Israel and Tel Aviv apart is its openness," says Naomi Krieger Carmy, director of the British embassy's UK-Israel Tech Hub. "You can meet almost anyone, and everyone knows and talks to -- and about -- each other."
The next step, says Windward CEO Ami Daniel, is scaling up. "Entrepreneurs will focus not only on innovative technologies," he says, "but on building disruptive companies out of Israel."
Consumer Physics
11 Galgalei Haplada Street,
Herzliya 46773
Consumer Physics wants to build a molecular map of the world. Founded by Dror Sharon and Damian Goldring in 2011, it makes the $250 USB-sized SCiO molecular spectrometer that can identify the chemical make-up of objects. It raised $2.7m on Kickstarter, and says it will be ready to ship its first SCiO this autumn, with 1,000 developers signed up.
37 Menachem Begin Street,
PlayBuzz is an app and tool for creating listicles and personality quizzes. Founded in 2013 by Shaul Olmert -- son of former Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert -- the company now claims 80 million unique users per month. In March 2015, it announced $16m in funding to expand, and has hired 60 staff. It has also opened an office in New York.
StoreDot
Ramat Gan 5270003
Spun out of Tel Aviv University in 2012, StoreDot has developed a smartphone battery that can be charged in one minute. It has raised $42m in Series B funding from private investors to develop the battery, which uses bio-organic compounds to create ultra-fast charge storage. It is now working on partnering with smartphone makers and plans a 2016 launch.
2 Har Sinai Street,
Founded in 2010 by former Israeli Navy officers, Windward analyses commercial satellite feeds and maritime data to track the location and contents of every major seafaring vessel in the world. The company secured £7m in funding led by Horizon Ventures in April 2014. Its aim: real-time updates and insights for maritime markets and intelligence agencies.
3 Pinhas Sapir Street,
Ness Ziona 74063
Moovit's transport app provides real-time public navigation on buses, trains and tubes. Using a combination of public-data feeds and feedback from users, it claims to provide travel times more accurately than its rivals. Founded in 2011, the company had 15 million users worldwide and, in January 2015, raised $50m from investors including Nokia Growth Partners and BMW.
SimilarWeb is a tool that lets you analyse the performance of websites and apps. It provides traffic rankings and insights by analysing a pool of data from various sources. In November 2014, it raised $15 million in series D funding with plans to expand into app analytics and to open a New York office, having already expanded to London and Dubai.
Zebra Medical Vision
Shefayim Commercial Centre
Kibbutz Shfayim
Zebra Medical teaches computers to diagnose diseases. Founded in 2014 by Eyal Gura, Eyal Toledano and Elad Benjamin, the startup has partnered with Israeli imaging centres and universities worldwide to build a database of images. "We have millions of diagnosed MRIs, CT scans and X-Rays," says Gura. In April it secured $8m in funding led by Khosla Ventures.
85 Medinat Hayehudim Street,
More than 5,000 advertisers use AppsFlyer's analytics platform to measure campaigns and user acquisition on their smartphone apps -- for example, tracking the impact of a Super Bowl ad on downloads in real time. Founded by Oren Kaniel and Reshef Mann in 2011, it tracked two billion app installs in 2014 and claims it is now found on nine out of ten smartphones.
Adallom
1 HaBarzel Street,
Adallom provides security to companies using software such as GoogleApps and Office365 by detecting potential security breaches in real time. Founded in 2012 by former members of the Israeli Intelligence Corps, it counts Netflix and Pixar as clients. Since appearing in last year's list it has raised a further $30m in series C funding, led by Rembrandt and HP Ventures.
FeeX
22 Maskit Street,
Herzliya, 46733
Calling itself "the Robin Hood of fees", FeeX identifies hidden charges in investment and retirement funds and suggests ways for users to save money. Founded in 2012 by Yoav Zurel, David Weisz and Waze co-founder Uri Levine, it claims to have saved $277m to date. In August 2014, it raised $6.5m in series B funding, with plans to expand further in the US.
Read the article online here: WIRED's 100 Hottest European Startups 2015: Tel Aviv is where the money is when it comes to an emerging startup culture (Wired UK)
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The New English Landscape
For more than a decade we – photographer Jason Orton and writer Ken Worpole – have documented the changing landscape and coastline of Essex and East Anglia, particularly its estuaries, islands and urban edgelands. We continue to explore many aspects of contemporary landscape topography, architecture and aesthetics, and in 2013 published our second book, The New English Landscape (Field Station | London, 2013), the second edition of which was published in 2015 and is now out of print.
Month: August, 2015
From Limehouse to Loughton – geographies of the social, and geographies of the self
‘Landscape may have no plot,’ the Irish novelist Anne Enright said in a recent interview in The Guardian, ‘but it has much by way of revelation.’ To walk or cycle out from Mile End to Epping Forest and then on to Loughton is, for those who are interested in the social history of East London and its relationship to suburban Essex, a journey haunted by the ghosts and standing stones of a tumultuous political and evangelical past.
My mother was born and grew up in Bloomfield Road, Mile End, and the two diaries she kept for 1931 and 1932, working as a clerk for the Inland Revenue, are filled with the names of the mission halls, church clubs, music halls, speedway stadiums, dance-halls, and night-classes she attended. My father, growing up close by in Stratford, retained a lifelong respect for The Salvation Army who stood their ground and took their gospel to streets and pubs where few other religions were prepared to go.
The East End was a forcing house of social experimentation, as reformers of all hues sought to leaven the poverty and over-crowding of hundreds of pinched terraced streets, with visions of a better life to come, if not in this world then certainly the next. My maternal grandfather’s brother, James, of 16 Anchor Street, Limehouse, was given a Bible by the ‘Association for the Free Distribution of the Scriptures’, in 1891, which I still have, and later took night classes in accounting at The People’s Palace; his daughter won a scholarship to Raine’s School but had to leave prematurely in order to earn a living.
The roads and pavements which led from Mile End out into the woodlands of Epping, Woodford and the Essex Weald were much travelled physically as well as emotionally. The young Isaac Rosenberg often walked all night with his friends from Whitechapel into Epping Forest simply to be in the countryside, returning tired but emotionally fulfilled at dawn. Sunday school outings to ‘Lousy Loughton’, as it was sometimes called – though the town itself was rather posh – was a common experience for the Hackney residents I interviewed in the 1970s for an oral history project, ‘A People’s Autobiography of Hackney’.
With geographical distance came changing ‘structures of feeling’, to quote Raymond Williams’ incisive phrase to describe how mentalities are structured by social and cultural settings. The historian Seth Kovan echoes this in his engaging book, The Match Girl and The Heiress, a study of how a wealthy young woman, Muriel Lester, living prosperously in Loughton, chose for religious reasons to devote her life to the poor of Bow. There she developed a life-changing relationship with a young woman working in a match factory, Nellie Dowell, and in the process spent her life trying to reconcile ‘two competing geographies of self’, as she moved between high-minded Arts and Crafts splendour with tennis courts and gardeners, and a shared, damp terrace house in Bow.
Kovan’s book is finely researched and detailed as it traces the cross-fertilisation of nonconformist religious movements with those of the early socialist, pacifist and suffragette elements of East London’s political radicalism, which came together in notions of the ‘New Life’ to come – many were keen followers of Tolstoy’s advocacy of purity of heart and pocket – thus giving lie to the widely held belief amongst late Victorian and early Edwardian reformers that the East End was, in the words of one, a ‘moral sahara’. The complicated geography of paternalist reform was evident in the many philanthropic institutions, one of which called itself the Regions Beyond Inland Mission. You would need a very unusual map to locate that moral location.
Muriel Lister helped establish Kingsley Hall in Bow in 1929, which was named after her brother Kingsley Lister, who died young. The Hall, designed by Charles Cowles-Voysey, was a gathering place for many different kinds of organisations and idealists, and also became a conduit for ideas from a variety of Eastern philosophies, greatly influencing the cult of Theosophy, to which Annie Besant, leader of the matchgirls’ strike, Poplar Council leader, George Lansbury, and other east London political activists were attracted. The Hall gained international fame as the place where Mahatma Gandhi chose to stay for ten weeks in 1931 when he visited Britain, and where he walked along the nearby River Lee or Limehouse Cut every morning after prayers, talking to the workers. In the 1960s it became a home for R.D.Laing’s anti-psychiatry movement.
There is much work to be done on landscape, or place, as a holding station or way station in the transmission of social ideals and values, whether as a result of voluntary migration, re-settlement, or planning policy. For with these re-locations, also comes the ebb and flow of religious and social institutions. Though the distance from Bow to Loughton was less than ten miles, they were, and remain, separate planets, a sentiment once suggested by Jewish writer, Emanual Litvinoff, when he called his exquisite East End memoir, Journey Through a Small Planet (1972). Geography, as we know, is history.
KW/Epping Forest © Jason Orton
Gillian Darley, Patrick Wright and Ken will be discussing ‘The Suburbs and the New Life’, at Doughnut: The Outer London Conference at Greenwich University on Saturday, 5 September 2015. For more details:
https://www.ornc.org/Event/doughnut
350 Miles An Essex Journey
Jason Orton
Ken Worpole
Peter Beard Landroom
Sounding East
Cunning Murrell
Neither land nor sea
Live and let live
In a word, decent
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Collection: Rescuing Texas History, 2015 County: Kenedy County, TX Clear All Filters
Oral History Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, March 3, 1998
Description: Interview with Dr. Dan Wallace Bacon, a physician from Kerrville, Texas, who also served as the city and Kerr County health officer. Dr. Bacon discusses his family history, as well as his education, medical career, brief stint in the Air Force, and general town life in Kerrville. While working at Peterson Hospital in Kerrville, he treated trauma victims from car accidents on Highway 27. In the Air Force, he briefly practiced psychiatry, served as a prison doctor, and finally switched to obstetrics and gynecology. He relates stories from his time as an obstetrician, as well as a general practitioner and family physician. He also discusses the history of minority communities in Kerrville, especially during integration, and the founding of the Kerrville Veteran's Hospital. Dr. Bacon's further remembrances, as well as a historical profile of the Kerrville VA Hospital, are included at the end of the interview transcript.
Creator: Bethel, Ann & Bacon, Dan Wallace
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Ancient Sweden
The Ancient Swedish Vikings traveled east from there Scandinavian homelands to raid cities as far south as Byzantium and established some of the earliest trading communities on the Volga.
The Ancient Scandinavian World
Elk Horn Carving of Viking Head, Sigtuna 11th Century
Some historians believe that the ancestral homeland of the Teutons lies in the heart of Swedish Scandinavia. Despite only having scattered sources of Swedish people written prior to the 1st millennium, on thing is certain, in the late 9th century the Vikings spread out of Sweden to raid settlements, and later establishing new colonies and trading outposts along the waterways of Europe. Using some of the most sophisticated ships of their day, these tall Nordic people placed fear in the eyes of the European population, and established a reputation for barbarism and cruelty. In reality, the Vikings were quite sophisticated in their abilities, as both farmers and seafarers, as well as colonizers and tradesmen. They certainly took advantage of the wealth the monasteries and cities of northern Europe could provide, but they were also trading with Arab and Byzantine merchants along the large central European waterways. Their long ships had specifically crafted narrow drafts that could allow for fording even small waterways.
The Early Uppland
The Swedish Knorr, the shallow drafted ship that could navigate European waterways
In Swedish prehistory, the Vendel era (550-793) is the name given to a part of the Germanic Iron Age (or, more generally, the Migration Period). The migrations and the upheaval in Central Europe had lessened somewhat, and two power regions had appeared in Europe: the Merovingian kingdom and the Slavic princedoms in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. A third power, the Catholic Church, had begun to expand its influence. In Scandinavia, the Germanic clan society was still very much alive. In Uppland in what today is the east-central part of Sweden, Old Uppsala was probably the center of religious and political life. It had both a well-known sacred grove and great Royal Mounds. There were lively contacts with Central Europe, and the Scandinavians continued to export iron, fur and slaves; in return they acquired art and new innovations, such as the stirrup.
The finds in Vendel and Valsgärde show that Uppland was an important and powerful area consistent with the sagas’ account of a Swedish kingdom. Some of the riches were probably acquired through the control of mining districts and the production of iron. The rulers had troops of mounted elite warriors with costly armor. Graves of mounted warriors have been found with stirrups and saddle ornaments of birds of prey in gilded bronze with encrusted garnets.
Swedish Vikings depicted in the Skog Tapestry from the 11th century
These mounted elite warriors are mentioned in the work of the 6th century Goth scholar Jordanes, who wrote that the Swedes had the best horses beside the Thuringians. They also echo much later in the Norse sagas, where king Adils is always described as fighting on horseback (both against Áli and Hrólf Kraki). Snorri Sturluson wrote that Adils had the best horses of his days. Games were popular, as is shown in finds of tafl games, including pawns and dice. This is the time when Swedish expeditions start to explore the waterways of what was to become Russia.
Sweden During the Viking Age
A Swedish Vendal warrior
Perhaps the best known period of Swedish history, is the time of the Vikings. The stereotype Viking is a tall blond figure possessed with a raging fury which he releases upon other countries, and although this period was short compared to the rest of the long history of Sweden, it is one of the most widely known. This is mainly due to the writings of those people with the whom the Vikings raided. A common prayer in the French churches during the 9th century states…
‘A furore normannorum libera nos domine
‘Skona oss herre från nordmännens raseri’
‘Oh lord, save us from the rage of the Nordic people’
The 8th of June was a beautiful summer day on the holy Island of Lindisfarne, situated on the Northumberland coast in the north east of England. It had a monastery which was founded in the 6th century and was famous for the fact that some of the finest literature of its time came from here. Some of the books written there are still intact and readable. The monks, who didn’t suspect anything unusual, went down to the shore to greet the strangers who had arrived. An author stated about 100 years later: ‘The same year the heathens arrived from the north to Brittany with a fleet of ships. They were like stinging wasps, and they spread in all directions like horrible wolves, wrecking, robbing, shattering and killing not only animals but also priests, monks and nuns. They came to the church of Lindesfarne, slayed everything alive, dug up the altars and took all the treasures of the holy church’.
The attack wasn’t the first. Numerous smaller attacks had been made earlier. However, they tended to be rather sporadic. This was something completely different. The attack came as a shock to the rulers of Brittany and the rumors about the fearless Nordic men spread over Europe. The French king Karl the Great had an English adviser by the name of Alcuin. As soon as he heard of the attack on Lindesfarne, he wrote: ‘In nearly 350 years we and our forefathers have been living in this the best of countries and never before has such terror struck Britain as the one we now have to suffer from this heathen race. Nor was it thought to be possible that such an attack could be carried out from the sea. Look at St Cuthbert’s church sprinkled with the blood of the holy priests, deprived of it’s decorations, a room more venerable than any in Britain given as spoils to this Heathen race’.
The next year the Vikings returned and plundered the convent in Jarrow, just a few miles from Lindisfarne. This was the real start of the Viking Age. The Vikings were to be the first Europeans who passed the winter in Labrador and New Newfoundland. They populated Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the Shetland Islands, Orkney, the Hebrides and the Isle of Man. They founded states in Ireland and in Britain. They conquered Normandy in France and founded a dynasty which lived and ruled far into the Middle Ages. They built merchant towns in Birka (Sweden), Hedeby (Denmark) and Kaupang (Norway). They even founded the first colony in America long before anyone else in Europe even thought that there existed land that far westwards.
Ancient Swedes hunting on Skis, from the Histories of Olas Magnus
Vikings also founded kingdoms in Russia and built trade stations along the rivers all the way down to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. They went to Constantinople and Bahgdad, Gurgan and Chorezm. They even came into contact with Byzantium and they formed a feared elite regiment for the East Roman Emperor, a guard which existed for some hundred years. They conquered London, besieged Lisbon, burnt Santiago, assaulted Seville, attacked Mallorca, and sold European slaves in North Africa. They terrorized Paris (on numerous occasions) and burnt Hamburg and many other German cities. They even went to Jerusalem and possibly also to Alexandria.
During a quarter of a century, from 8th June 793 until 15th October 1066, these men would come in waves, often young and seeking a fight, and extremely skilled as sailors and warriors. Their activities left traces for eternity. Over 900 of the most common English words come from the Vikings, sky, skin, scrape, skirt, husband (husbonde) and window (vindue) are some examples. There are over 600 village names in England which can be directly related to the Vikings and there are English counties where about 75 percent of the village names derived from the Vikings. On the Shetland Islands the percentage goes up to about 99 percent. In the North East of England the Nordic languages were spoken until as late as the 12th century, on the Isle Of Man until the middle of the 15th century.
In Normandy there are still village names which have their origin in the Nordic countries like: Dalbec, Runitot, Bourguebu (Borgeby) and sex la londe (av lund, offerlund). And every French sea captain still gives the commands ‘babord’ and ‘tribord’ when he means left and right.
In Russia, which was founded by the people from Rus (the Swedish Roslagen County), millions of people still hold the name Oleg, Olga and Igor – from the names of the Viking gods Helge, Helga and Ingvar. When Russians politely address each other as ‘gentlemen’, the word comes from the Viking word ‘husbonden’. As always, their enormous success as traders and warriors can’t be easily explained. How was it possible for such a small population to instill the feeling of fear the way they did throughout the whole of Europe? At the beginning of the Viking era there were no united kingdoms in Scandinavia, and the people who went out on crusades were a minority. Most people spent their time at home, farming and trying to run the matters in general.
One of the main reasons for their success is the fact that Europe at the time was not unified. As it was, many small kingdoms fought with each other to form a big country. The Vikings, who from birth were taught how to fight well, and encouraged by their religion to do it, and how to maneuver a boat. Their boats at this time were by far the best built in Europe, possibly even the best in the world, and were used with much success. When they started to take horses on board the boats, the Vikings were more or less invincible when attacking a town, especially as the attacks came very suddenly and often from the open sea by boats which could travel at a good 15 knots all the way in to the shore.
The Viking Long Ships
The seafaring Longship
The Drakkar Long Ship was one of the key factors behind their success, the Drakkar was a long, rather narrow boat built of oak. The boat building skills had been developed over hundreds of years in countries where the only practical way of traveling was by boat. When the wind was not blowing it was possible to row the boats, and when the wind came from the stern the boats were very fast. They didn’t need deep water since normally a Viking boat could be used as a landing vehicle and they could still take a heavy load. They were very easy to maneuver and they could carry large numbers of warriors as there were boats which could take a crew of up to 200 men or more.
Life on board was rather hard and the normal boat was about 30 meters long and had a maximum width of five meters at the broadest place. The Vikings ate dried and salted meat, and fish which was caught en route. For drink they usually had sour milk, water and beer or mead. To prevent scurvy they ate cloudberry and a plant called cochleria officinalis. The only protection from the weather was a small tent in the best of cases. Every man had his own chest with his personal belongings. The chest also served as the bench they sat on when they had to row the boat. The ship was steered by a large oar on the right side, therefore called ‘styrbord’ (starboard), and the first mate’s back pointed to ‘babord’ (the port side). At the stem and the stern there were small platforms named ‘lyftingar’.
There were many types of boats. In an attack fleet there usually was a couple of battleships with long and narrow design so as to be fast and able to take many men. Then there were the merchant ships which were much broader so that they could take a great load of up to 20000 kilograms of weight. These boats were called ‘knorr’, possibly because of the sound that they made when they moved in the sea.
The navigation was handled by specially trained personnel who mostly navigated by the stars and the sun. Sometimes they brought birds with them which they let go and then followed to the nearest shore. They had peloruses and the famous ‘sun stone’. The latter was thought to be a fraud, but later findings make it clear that it wasn’t. The sun stone is a mineral found in Iceland or Norway which could polarize the sun light. That way you could see where the sun was even if it was cloudy and the sun itself was not visible to the naked eye.
To measure the sailed distance they used their experience when studying the wash , or the flow of water around the stem. But there were no exact methods to measure the speed. Usually the Vikings followed the coasts as closely as possible, but they weren’t afraid to make long voyages over the open sea without any contact with land if they had to.
The Travels of the Swedish Vikings
While the Vikings from Norway and Denmark went hunting for new land in the west and southwest, the Vikings from present-day Sweden usually went east and south-east. There was another aspect to their business abroad which was unique among the Scandinavian Vikings, the Swedes tended to be traders. While the Danes and the Norwegians usually conquered and colonized, the Swedes traded, although they were well armed and certainly knew how to fight, yet didn’t seek to establish kingdoms and colonies.
There were Swedes that went on voyages with the Danes and Norwegians since at that time the differences between the countries were much less than they are now, but the main stream of Swedish Vikings went eastward. They traveled much farther east than any other European people. The Swedish Vikings even traveled as far as Jerusalem – or Jorsalir as they called it, the Caspian sea, and Baghdad (they called it Särkland). Hundreds of Swedes traveled to the eastern Roman city Constantinople (or Miklagård), and many of them returned rich from their combined trading/plundering expeditions. But they weren’t satisfied with this, they went even farther east. Exactly how far east we cannot tell today, but we know that they made serious attempts to reach Samarkand.
There are more ancient English coins found in Sweden than there are in England, and over 90% of all the coins found in Europe from Baghdad and surroundings have been found in Sweden, in Gotland to be precise. No one knows exactly when Birka was founded, but it boomed in the 9th century. Birka was situated in one of the more populated areas of Sweden at that time. It lay somewhere on the Island Björkö. It was ideally placed in the middle of the counties of Mälardalen, Gästrikland and Dalarna. The total population of the area at that time was around 50,000.
The city was protected by a wall made of dirt and wood, and had a population of a couple of thousand inhabitants who served and protected the city. In the end of the 9th century activity there came to an abrupt end, and we are still looking for an explanation. Perhaps they were invaded by a Viking fleet from Denmark? Or perhaps they moved their business to the more protected city of Sigtuna?
What historians do know is that the contacts eastward were very profitable, and they reached their highest levels when the city Helgö was booming. A lot of trading was also done with Finland and the Baltic states. Most of the Swedes who went out traveling were `rospiggarna’, the people from Roslagen. That may be one of the reasons why Finns call Sweden `Ruotsi’ which means `Roslagen’. And even farther east there was a country named `Tavastaland’. The Vikings traveled farther and farther east up the river Neva to Ladoga, where it is believed they founded a settlement, from which they started to travel south.
Viking raiders from an 11th century illuminated manuscript
A monk named Nestor, who lived in Kiev, wrote a chronicle which tells the story behind the Viking travels and why they settled in Russia. In the chronicle he states that Russia was founded by the Vikings, or as they called them `Varjager’. According to Nestor the Vikings levied taxes on the Slavic peoples and therefore were eventually chased out of the country. The local people wanted to have a king of their own. Unfortunately this was not a success, and after awhile there was total anarchy in the country. Then someone came up with a bright idea: Why not get a king from elsewhere? No sooner said than done, they sent for a king from the foreign country Sweden, and after awhile a Viking turned up.
Nestor writes:
“Let us find a king from another country who will give us justice and rule over us. And they went over the sea to the land of the Varjager, to Ruserna. Because this people is called Ruser as others are called Svear. Yet others are called Norrmaner, Anglianer and some Goter. So even all these have their names.”
When the messengers with their unusual offer from the foreign country turned up in Sweden three men were promptly selected to take on the responsibility. These men were brothers and their names were: Rurik, Sinjeus and Truvor. The oldest (Rurik) of them settled down in Novgorod; the other ones went to White Russia (Sinjeus), and Izborsk (Truvor). Nestor writes: “It’s after these Varjager that the country of Novgorod now bears the name `land of Rusers’.”
Soon Rurik was the only one left in “Russland”; his brothers went on a trip along the river Dnieper to the city of Kiev (Könugård), which they successfully invaded. From Kiev they made small expeditions down to Constantinople. Rurik died sometime about 879, and another Viking chief took over, Oleg. Oleg also invaded Kiev and declared this city of all Russian cities the mother. Oleg was soon replaced by his former master’s son, Igor. The Swedish names after Rurik, Oleg and Igor are: Rörek, Helge and Ingvar. But there are uncertainties about the Swedish connections, but there are Swedish names involved in the earliest peace treaties which are quoted in their entirety in the Nestor chronicle. Their names have been a bit misspelled but they can be read as: Sven, Gunnar, Tord, Ulf and Karl.
These Swedes, as with all other Viking settlements, soon became assimilated with the natives. Igor’s son got the name Sviatoslav and founded the Rurikidernas dynasty, Rurkovitch. They in turn ruled over the Volchov-Lovat-Dnieper area until the year 1610, when the last Rurikiden, Vassilij IV Sjusjkij, died and was replaced by the Romanov dynasty. Just as in the British Isles and Normandy, the Vikings soon lost their Nordic traditions, since they were simply too few to have any impact on the natives.
The Swedes had four main routes to choose from, traveling through mighty Russia down to the richness of the South. Their ships could be carried against the current on smaller rivers until they reached the tributary rivers of Volga. If they chose this way they would pass Finnish speaking peoples all the way between Ladoga and a place called Bulgar at the bend of the Volga. This was a larger city where Swedes met with Turks and other people from the south.
From Bulgar a caravan went to China and the silk that has been found in Birka was most probably brought by this route. For the most part the Vikings did business with so-called `radamiter’ or Jewish merchants. An Arab writer, Ibn Khordo Adbeh, described them like this:
“These merchantmen speak Arabic, Persian, French, Spanish, Romerska, Slaviska. They travel from the Occident to the Orient. From the Occident they bring with them eunuchs, female slaves, little boys, fabric, skins of different kinds and swords.” According to his tales they travel to ‘Sind, Hind and China’. On their trips home they bring different sorts of spices and other exotic things.”
The Vikings described by Ibn Fadlan and Arab Chroniclers
Some of the evidence of the trading is silver coins which have been found in the city of Birka. They show that trade between Swedes and the area between Baghdad and the Volga was rather extensive. The reason that we know that the Vikings did travel this route is that the Persian and Arabic diplomats have written about their meetings with the northerners, or Ruser as they called them. They have written in rather great detail about the traditions of the Vikings.
A Viking funeral ship set afire with the body of the slain warrior
The Arabic messenger Ibn Fadlan, who was in Bulgar during the summer of 922, saw the Vikings arrive, and he wrote:
“I have never before seen such perfect bodies; they were tall like palm trees, blonde, with a few of them red. They do not wear any jackets or kaftaner, the men instead wear dress which covers one side of the body but leaves one hand free. Every one of them brings with him an Axe, a sword and a knife. They never leave these things. Their swords are broad, grooved, and of French make. From their bellies to their necks they are tattooed in green with trees and other pictures. All of their women have a small box attached over the breast. This can be made of iron, silver, copper or gold. On each box there is a ring to which a small knife is attached. Around their necks they wear necklaces of gold and silver.”
The Vikings obviously made an impression on the messenger, but he also writes about their bad hygiene. He continues,
“Each morning the girl comes early in the morning with a deep dish of water. She gives this to her master who in turn washes his hands, face and hair. When he is through the girl takes the dish to the man nearest the master. This man repeats the process. And so the dish wanders from man to man until everyone has washed himself in the water.”
To Ibn Fadlan’s friends this story must have been horrifying, as they were educated Muslims. They would probably never think of washing themselves in anything other than flowing water. Another thing which interested Ibn was the Nordic men’s sexual habits. This is what he wrote:
“At the beach they build large houses made of wood. In one house there live ten to twenty persons. Each one has a bed to sit on… With them they have beautiful women slaves who are to be sold to the slave dealers. They have sexual intercourse with their slaves while their friends are watching. Often a group of men does this in each other’s presence.”
One of Ibn’s most interesting stories is about a real Viking burial which he witnessed in the city of Atil (placed a bit south of Bulgar). According to him the dead person’s ship was brought up on shore and was surrounded with fetishes of wood. The body was clothed in its finest clothes, placed on cushions in a sitting position in a tent which was built in the middle of the boat. Around him he had several items which could be useful on his way to the land of the dead. Among the items there were a harp, food, axes and so on. A dog was killed and divided into two parts and thrown on to the ship. The dog was followed by two oxen and two horses and one hen. One of the man’s female slaves was chosen to follow the man to the land of the dead or Valhalla. She was intoxicated with alcohol, brought forward to the chief and then moved to a tent by the chief’s six closest men. They each had intercourse with her and then she was killed by an old woman called the angel of death, with a knife and at the same time as the men were strangling her with a rope. Then the relatives of the man set the ship on fire. Afterward they would throw a large heap of dirt over the ashes and on top of it all they put a wooden pole on which they wrote the name of the dead man and the name of their king.
Ibn tells us further:
“When they arrived in this harbor (Bulgar) they left their ships on the shore and brought with them meat, bread, milk and nobid (an alcoholic beverage) and went to a high wooden pole with a carved head. Around this pole there were other smaller statues and behind them other large poles. The merchantman goes forward to the large pole in the center and then he gets down on his knees and puts his head against the ground and says: ‘O, my god, I have been traveling a long way and I have brought so and so many slaves and swords. Now I bring you these offerings.’ This said, he puts what he has in front of the wooden pole and says: ‘I wish that you send me a merchant of great wealth who will buy on my terms without questions.’ If the business is good he returns and sacrifices animals; if not, he brings other offerings to the statues and asks them for help.”
The Arabian historian Ibn Miskaweich tells us about the Ruser attacks on Bredaa, just south of Baku, in the year 943. He describes them as a powerful people who didn’t seem to know how to yield in a fight. They were equipped with axes, swords and long knifes. They fought with spears and shields. They killed the Arabic governor and chased his people away. The Arabs who survived had to buy their own lives at great expense. The women weren’t included in this deal; the Ruserna kept them for themselves.
According to the chronicles over 6,000 Ruser held the city against repeated attacks from the Arabs. Every time one of the Ruser died he was buried with the women he liked and his weapons. In the end the Vikings left Bredaa of their own accord, but only after they had brought everything of value, including the women, to the river Kura where they had their ships. One of the other routes south through gårdarike which the Vikings traveled was through the city Starja Ladoga on the river Volchov. There was a trading station named Aldeigjuborg, from which the Vikings could make their way to Novogorod, which they called Holmgård.
From here they crossed Lake Ilmen and went along the river Lovat. When they couldn’t travel by ship any more they pulled their ships overland until they reached a navigable river from which they could travel to the Dnieper, which in turn led them through Kiev and eventually to the Black Sea. As soon as they had reached the Black Sea they were near their final target; they just had to pass the Bosporus and then they were in Constantinople, which was called Miklagård, ‘the big city’, by the Vikings.
There were two reasons for the Vikings to come all this way, business and war. They even tried to invade the city but for the very first time they found that they had a superior enemy. The defenders were equipped with a form of napalm (oil, sulphur and resin – Greek fire) which they sprayed over their enemies from a kind of flame-thrower. To shield themselves from the heat they had jackets made of asbestos. This certainly made a big impression on the Vikings. Many stories are told in the North about the fire breathing dragons and magical shirt that Ragnar Lodbrok received from his wife Kraka.
After a while a treaty was signed between the parties and more peaceful trading began. The treaty was rather strict as the Vikings weren’t allowed to travel in groups larger than fifty persons, they weren’t allowed to carry arms and they couldn’t buy more silk or fabric than they were allotted. They weren’t allowed to stay and winter in the town either, but in return they were given access to the public swimming halls, their ships were fitted without cost for their return and they got free food and drink. The Emperor of Constantinople was very impressed by the fearless men from the North, so impressed in fact that he formed a life guard composed of only Vikings.
Viking Homeland Culture
A typical Viking village in ancient Sweden
As the viking went to Miklagård and Särkland the life at home in Svitjod continued as usual, and the farms was handeld by the wife, the kids and the old ones who where to old to go out on longer trips, and last but not least the slaves (‘Trälarna’). All in all the population at the time was estimated to be around 200 000 and allthough not everyone of them went on the long trips they almost certainly had relatives which had done it. Most the farms was selfsuporting and nearby farm made up a village which in turn had a leadership called ‘byalag’. The fields where cultivated in a two shift scheme. That is, the fileds was sown every second year.
Every farmer had at least one or two slaves and the richer farms had about ten or more of them. The free women where equal the man at work and she was expected to do the same work as the man. The man often had several women and he could do whatever he wanted with the women slaves. Every child which the man had with the different free women was considered as his son or daughter. He thereby also had the responsibilities associated with being a father. That is, the term ‘illegitimate child’ didn’t exist, but this this was to be changed when Sweden was Christianized.
Officially the practice of having slaves was abandoned as a law proclaimed by the king Magnus Eriksson when traveled through the country in the year of 1335. The original text do not exist any longer but the pieces which survives says that ‘every man and women which is born by a christian man and women is to be free in the county of…’. The official reason to ban the slavery was the christian faith and in reality other reasons much more powerful than that existed. It was simply more profitable to have people which could be hired for shorter periods, instead of having a large workforce which the owner had the responsibility for all year around, even when didn’t need them. Instead the farmer could give away a bit of land and let the former slaves pay for cultivating this land with workdays on the his farm. Formally the slaves now where free, but in practice the landowner earned money as he didn’t have to pay for food during the winter months at the same time as he got his work done.
Theoretically the slaves now was members of the community with equal right but they still didn’t own anything. For most of the slaves the situation actually had gone from bad to worse. During the long Viking trips around Europe new slaves where gathered from all levels of society from the continent. Many came from the Baltic states, Poland and Russia. The wives of the clan leaders lead the work on the farm when the men was away on their business trips. The men went away in the spring time and usually return in time for the winter, if they where lucky.
Rune Stones and Inscriptions
A statue of Odin, the all father and head god of the Nordic pantheon
There are some 3500 rune inscriptions left in Sweden known, a third of them is to be found in the county of ‘Uppland’. The knowledge of how to do inscriptions were not meant for everyone. That knowledge was considered to be of utmost importance and gave the person who had it a lot of respect. In many ways it was considered to be magic. Just to think that you with a few lines carefully done in stone could be able to capture thoughts and heroic deeds for all eternity amazed the Swedes.
The first runes arrived in Sweden at about the third century, according to the legend with Odin and his family. This first runic alphabet consisted of 24 different symbols which where called futharken as it started with the letters ‘f’, ‘u’, ‘th’, ‘a’, ‘r’ and ‘k’. During sixth century the Norse language slowly changed. The old nordic language which was a rather difficult and clumsy language slowly became the old Norse language in which the Icelandic Edda and tales are written. The transition between the old and new language was finished at about the ninth century. The 24 letter long alphabet was then abandoned in favor of an alphabet consisting of 16 letters.
As the letters grew fewer the writer had to simplify his use of them. A letter had to stand for several different sounds. One funny thing about this is the fact that the transition between the old and the new alpha bet was more or less immediate. There wasn’t any delay to speak of. One day they used their old letters and the next they used the new. It’s as if all the people who dealt with rune writing met up and agreed on the new system and then started to use it.
Runes wasn’t only written on stones. Most of the written material of the day was probably done in less resistant materials like leather and wooden sticks. It’s a pity that this kind of material do not survive the years. There is evidence of quite advanced writing besides the ones done on the stones. Several stone inscriptions refers to other inscriptions and the more you read the more you realize that the academic people of it’s time must have had efficient ways of communicating with each other. One of the most fascinating rune stones in Sweden is the famous ‘rökstenen’. Quite simply a must to se for those interested in the Viking area.
Rune stone with an inscription from the 11th Century AD, “Holmfast had the stone erected in memory of Igulger, his father, and Torbjörn”
One of the more interesting rune stones is ‘rökstenen’ (something like: smoke stone. It’s one of the bigger rune stones and it’s completely covered with text. Unfortunately the stone has been used as building material to church during it’s life time. When it was found in the church wall it was soon taken out but in that process some of the inscriptions where damaged. Rökstenen is a large stone with a lot of text. Normally a runestone has text and pictures but this stone is uniqe in the fact it’s salut to the written text. It’s not a beginner who has done the inscription. Its a man of great knowledge about his time and the literature available. He refers to tales, other runestones and people from his time. The text is in parts unreadable and thus the message which the writer tries to get across is somewhat blurred.
It’s from the nineth century and it’s located in the county of Östergötland, who some have called this county the cradle of Sweden. The inscription was made by a famous, and by all evidence, very learned man with the name Varin. Varin hasn’t tried to hide his knowledge of the classic tales, the myths and the events of the times he lived in. Like any writer he quickly get’s in to the mood the text starts live a life of it’s own. The text is full of ciphers where he is using the magic numbers associated with the letters. He has a lot of references till classic tales, myths and events and he writes in an ambiguous way which means that his text is open for many interpretations depending on on your interpretation.
The text was probably obscure even in it’s own time and then you have to remember that the learned of those day had a better knowledge of the old tales and myths that the writer was referring to. Some look upon ‘rökstenen’ as a monument over the literature of it’s time. One of Sweden’s best rune interpreters has read the following start of the text:
Då rådde Tjodrik den djärve, sjökrigarnas hövding, över reidhavets strand. Nu sitter han rustad på sin gotiska häst, med sköld över axeln, den främsta av märingar…
Some scientists thinks that Tjodrik was the East gothic king Teoderik the great which lived in Verona but ruled over a large kingdom all the way up to Germany and France.
Gripsholm-stenen or The Gripsholm Stone. The inscription is dated to the middle of the 11th century. The runes are inscribed inside a snake or dragon, a characterisic trait of the more elaborately crafted rune-stones. The idea is that you start reading from the “head” of the snake and finish at its “tail”. The 11th century was the hayday of making rune-stones, especially around Lake Maelaren in Sweden. Of the 3000 known rune-stones, more than 2500 are to be found in Sweden, some 1800 of which in the area mentioned. Most of them are raised in memory of dead relatives, but some say something more than just that “x raised this stone over Y”.
The inscription reads as follows:
tula lit raisa stain thinsat sun sin haralt bruthur inkuars thair furu trikila fiari at kuli auk a ustarlar ni kafu tuu sunar la a sirk lan ti
Tula had raised stone this (over) son her harald brother ingvars they went manly far after gold to (the) east fed the eagle south in Saerkland killing (plenty of) enemies in battle, Where the Muslims ruled
The Sigurd inscription on Ramundsberget, Södermanland, is dated to the early 11th century, and is beautifully enclosed in a characteristic snake/dragon. The inscription also shows scenes from the Sigurd-saga: the killing of Favner, the decapitation of Regin, Sigurd roasting the dragons heart and listening to the birds speech and his horse, Grane. The inscription is a “bridge-inscription”: it was very popular to “dedicate” bridges to dead relatives and to erect stones not only to commemorate the dead but also to show who built which bridge and for what reason. It reads:
“sirithir kiarthi bur thosi muthir alriks tutiR urms fur salu hulmkirs fathur suk ruthar buata sis”
“sigrid made bridge this mother alriks daughter Orms for soul holmgers father sigroeds husband her Sigrid, Alriks mother, Orms daughter made this bridge for her husband, Holmgers, father of Sigoerd, soul”
Foundation of Sweden
The Odin stone from Gotland
A foundation date of the nation Sweden cannot be determined with any degree of certainty, since it evolved from a warfare center of power, Svea Rike, centered in old Uppsala, which might have had many increases and decreases in power and influence. The existence of such a power is stated already by Tacitus (see Suiones), around AD 100. The neighboring areas of West and East Geats probably also played a very important historical role in defining the nation. About 1000, the first certain king over Svea and Göta Riken is documented to be Olof Skötkonung, but the further history is obscure with kings whose periods of regency and actual power is unclear. In the 12th century, Sweden was still consolidating with the dynastic struggles between the Erik and Sverker clans, which finally ended when a third clan married into the Erik clan and founded the Folkunga dynasty on the throne.
This dynasty gradually consolidated a pre-Kalmar-Union Sweden to an actual nation, which essentially fell apart after the Black Death. The conversion from pre-Christian beliefs to Christianity was a complex, gradual, and at times possibly violent (see Temple at Uppsala) process. The main early source of religious influence was England due to interactions between Scandinavians and Saxons in the Danelaw, and Irish missionary monks. The German influence was less obvious in the beginning (despite an early missionary attempt by Ansgar), but gradually emerged as the dominant religious force in the area (especially after the Norman conquest of England). Despite the close relations between Swedish and Russian aristocracy (see also Rus’), there is no direct evidence of Orthodox influence, possibly because of language barriers.
This consolidated state of Sweden already included Finland presumably from an early crusade into the area of Tavastland in central current day Finland. After the Black Death and internal power struggles in Sweden, Queen Margaret I of Denmark united the Nordic countries in the Kalmar Union in 1397, with the approval of the Swedish nobility. Continual tension of economic nature within the countries and within the union gradually led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century, however. The union’s final disintegration in the early 16th century brought on a long-lived rivalry between Denmark on one side and Sweden on the other.
Maps of Europe
Map of Moscovie, Modern Russia, Ukraine, Crimea (1574) - by Girolamo Ruscelli - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of France or Gaul in Antiquity (1657) - by Jan Jansson - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of Empire of Charlemagne (1657) - by Jan Jansson - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of Ireland (1716) - by Johann Baptist Homann - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of Scandinavia (1541) - by Martin Waldseemuller - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of Crete and ten Greek Islands (1584) - by Abraham Ortelius - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of Italy - Capitanata or Puglia Tableland (1630) - by Willem Blaeu - via Wikimedia Commons
Map of Portugal (1587) - by Abraham Ortelius - via Wikimedia Commons
Explore Ancient Europe
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Album Review: AVENGED SEVENFOLD’s ‘Hail To The King’
Controversy has surrounded Avenged Sevenfold’s latest effort since the Internet first saw guitarist Synyster Gates with short hair.
Then came the chaos surrounding the album artwork, with many claiming that the cover had ripped off Lich King’s “World Gone Dead”. Sevenfold later changed the album cover.
The single and title track, “Hail to the King” was released to mixed-to-positive reception, with many insisting that the new drummer Arin Ilejay’s work was too simplistic. But M. Shadows insisted that the straightforward drum parts were intentional, because the new record would sound like classic 80s hard rock and heavy metal.
Regardless, the metal world just had to see—rather, hear—how this new album would turn out. It was Sevenfold’s first album with a permanent drummer since Jimmy “The Rev” Sullivan passed away in late 2009. Ex-Dream Theater powerhouse Mike Portnoy hit the skins on A7X’s previous work, “Nightmare,” which was a massive hit. How would they follow up?
“Shepherd of Fire” is a very powerful start to the album, possibly even better than the single and title track. The album starts off with the sound of rain and Synyster Gates’ and Zacky Vengeance’s dual guitar leads and Johnny Christ’s rumbling bass. “Shepherd” is very old school and the Iron Maiden influences are very apparent. Singer M. Shadows was correct when he said the album would have a classic hard rock/metal feel combined with the band’s signature sound.
“Hail To the King,” the first single from this album, is next. Though it has Gates’ and Vengeance’s trademark guitar runs, it lacks the power of the first track. When the single was first released, many complained that the Arin Ilejay’s drum work was too simplistic compared to The Rev’s and Mike Portnoy’s (who played on “Nightmare”). Shadows contended that the straightforward drum parts were intentional and meant to make the record sound more 80s metal influenced. After hearing the first track, this makes more sense in the context of the entire album. The production is magnificently crisp. The song can be heard below.
“Doing Time” sounds like a mixture of Black Sabbath and Guns N’ Roses with a “Paranoid”-esque riff and Shadows’ spoken intro. The octave vocal harmonies, Shadows’ nasal delivery, and shrieks are very reminiscent of “Appetite For Destruction” Axl Rose. It is a decent song but lacks panache compared to the other two songs.
Slow, beautiful guitar harmonies open “This Means War”. It then evolves into a powerful mid-tempo anthem, like a combination of two earlier Sevenfold songs, “Welcome to the Family” and “Girl I Know”. The Iron Maiden influence is also evident in this song, with soaring vocal melodies, cleaner singing, and dueling guitars. The lyrics are pretty awesome: “There’s nothing here for free – Lost who I want to be / My serpent blood can strike so cold / On any given day – I’ll take it all away / Another thought I can’t control”.
“Requiem” opens with a choir singing Gregorian chant, possibly borrowing from Ghost B.C., who Sevenfold will be touring with later this year. A fragment of this song could be heard in one of the albums previews the band released a few months back. Epic strings compliment Synyster Gate’s leads, making the song sound like a more updated version of something off of Ozzy’s “Diary of a Madman”.
The ballad “Crimson Day” opens with a clean intro, kind of reminding me of Metallica’s “Nothing Else Matters”. It is more powerful and poignant than Sevenfold’s best-known ballad, “Seize the Day,” and may even appeal to country audiences. It could be a crossover hit.
“Heretic” takes us back to signature Sevenfold-sounding territory. With rawer production, it would fit right at home on “City of Evil”. This song showcases how much Shadows has progressed as a singer since then. The acoustic guitar interlude matching underneath the dual guitar riffs remind me of the middle section of Megadeth’s “Reckoning Day”, once again displaying Sevenfold’s 80s metal influences. Synsyter Gates cements his status as a guitar god with this track.
“Coming Home” also wears Iron Maiden influences on its sleeve while still retaining aspects of Sevenfold’s “City Of Evil”-era sound. We also get to hear some more complex drumming, with Ilejay’s double bass footwork.
“Planets” starts with an interesting drum beat and horns and guitars dancing from the left to right headphones and back, another example of the all the thought that went into the production of this album. The result is an apocalyptic, dissonant, half-thrash-influenced, half-prog thing. It is definitely experimental, even by Sevenfold standards (“A Little Piece of Heaven,” anyone?), and may have to grow on the listener.
“Acid Rain” opens with a piano playing a minor progression of chords. Then dreamy strings kick in, and Synyster plays a very bluesy Slash-sounding solo before Shadows starts singing. It is beautifully melodramatic, almost cabaretish—like if Electric Light Orchestra’s “Mr. Blue Sky” and Guns N’ Roses’ “November Rain” had a bastard child. Who knows if having a piano-based track close the album will be an ongoing trend for Sevenfold (“Fiction” closed their previous album, “Nightmare”). If so, it is definitely something to look forward to. The album ends with one of its most memorable songs, but the listener is still left wanting more.
Is “Hail to the King” “City Of Evil 2”? No. It’s far more diverse than that and could seem a tad too overproduced at times.
Is it better than “Nightmare”? Yes and no, depending on your individual taste. It is more experimental, which could appeal to some and turn others off.
Is this album one of the best metal albums of 2013 so far? It is a possible contender, but we’ll have to wait and see.
FINAL VERDICT: 8.5/10
Shepherd Of Fire
Hail To The King
Doing Time
Crimson Day
August 27, 2013 | Categories: Album Reviews, Heavy Metal, Metalcore, Music, Reviews | Tags: Arin Ilejay, Avenged Sevenfold, Hail to the King, Johnny Christ, M. Shadows, Synyster Gates, Zacky Vengeance | 1 Comment
Album Review: CHILDREN OF BODOM’s “Halo of Blood” (Deluxe Edition)
Finnish melodeath band Children of Bodom is back with a vengeance, releasing possibly their best album in over a decade. “Halo of Blood” shows how CoB has matured musically while still maintaining their aggression and sense of humor.
“Waste of Skin” and “Halo of Blood” start off the album with an aggressive one-two punch, where the keyboards take somewhat of a backseat. Alexi Laiho screams over machine gun drums and melodic dual guitar riffs. Whereas “Waste of Skin” makes one nod and say, “Yep, this is Bodom,” “Halo of Blood” seems too busy at times with its very syncopated rhythms (possibly a drummer’s wet dream).
“Scream for Silence” takes the speed down a notch, but nicely. The keyboards are more noticeable in this song than in the previous two, which lacked a keyboard solo. Interesting lead harmonies complement intense lyrics like, “If you need to feed on pain, you might as well tap my vein.” This track is probably the most radio-friendly of the album and would have made a better single than “Transference”. It ends with a nice Slayer-esque guitar riff and people chanting “Kill! Kill!” Very Bodom indeed.
“Transference” was the choice for the first single of the album. While it still has the elements that differentiate CoB from other bands (chromatic guitar and keyboard runs, leads complementing Laiho’s vocals), it is just ok. It is probably, musically, the simplest song on the album, and that may have been a factor as to why it was chosen as the lead single.
“Bodom Blue Moon” and “The Days Are Numbered” both sound like they could have come straight off “Hatebreeder” (1999). They both possess hypnotic keyboards and are technical eargasms, with the latter possessing more neoclassical elements. Lyrics like, “Your name on my blade I won’t erase / Until I get to cut my name on your face” would make metalheads proudly nod and say, “F**k yeah” to themselves.
“Dead Man’s Hand on You” is definitely the most experimental track on the album, sounding more akin to Marilyn Manson than CoB at the beginning. Laiho doesn’t even scream on this one at the start and is accompanied by acoustic guitars and a piano. But the lyrics, about a twisted proposal to the goddess Mother Kali, showcase CoB’s sense of humor quite nicely: “I’ll be more than just a dead man’s hand on you… Love me one more time and I’ll let you kill me too.”
The last three tracks, “Damaged Beyond Repair,” “All Twisted,” and “One Bottle and a Knee Deep,” all sound like they could be on “Follow the Reaper”. “All Twisted” in particular has a “Hate Me!” vibe and similar riff work.
“Sleeping in My Car” is a Roxette cover and the bonus track on this edition of the album. (What is Children of Bodom without covering pop songs and making them metal?) It is a suitable end to “Halo of Blood,” because this album encompasses elements of CoB’s entire discography, including humorous covers. Instead of Roxette sweetly crooning, “The night is so pretty and so young,” the refrain sounds like it was uttered by a drunken vampire in Bodom’s version. The song ends with the solo from Journey’s “Don’t Stop Believin'”.
The “Making of” DVD (the second disc) is a nice treat. The viewer gets to see the band fooling around in the studio, but also witness just how self-deprecating these incredible musicians and their crew can be. At one point, the producer exclaims, “Finally this band has a good bass sound!”
“Halo of Blood” is a great album that will definitely please the Hate Crew. It is their best work in years.
1. Waste of Skin
2. Halo of Blood
3. Scream for Silence
4. Transference
5. Bodom Blue Moon (the second coming)
6. The Days Are Numbered
7. Dead Man’s Hand on You
8. Damaged Beyond Repair
9. All Twisted
10. One Bottle and a Knee Deep
11. Sleeping in My Car (Roxette cover) (Bonus Track)
June 12, 2013 | Categories: Album Reviews, Death Metal, Melodic Death Metal, Music, Reviews | Tags: Alexi Laiho, Children of Bodom, Halo of Blood, Henkka Blacksmith, Janne Wirman, Jaska Raatikainen, Nuclear Blast, Roope Latvala | 2 Comments
Album Review: BLACK SABBATH’s ’13’ (2-Disc Deluxe Edition)
13. The number is loaded with superstition, taboo, and mystery. Its unlucky reputation has enamored metal bands since the genre’s inception.
Black Sabbath has had an arguably unlucky journey during the creation of this album. The band officially reunited with all four original members (Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler and Bill Ward) on 11/11/11. Drummer Bill Ward left due to financial concerns. Guitarist Tony Iommi was diagnosed with lymphoma. Singer Ozzy Osbourne’s son, Jack Osbourne, was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Osbourne, after being sober for approximately five years, relapsed and his marriage to Sharon Osbourne was allegedly falling apart.
Fans worried whether the metal pioneers would be able to deliver. Forums became battlefields, with one side crying out “No Bill, no Sabbath!” as the other side clutched onto their old copies of “Paranoid” and “Sabbath Bloody Sabbath” for dear life, secretly hoping their heroes would not disappoint them.
So Sabbath recruited Rage Against the Machine drummer Brad Wilk to sit on Bill Ward’s stool, and they charged forward to create “13,” an instant classic that fits right at home with the rest of their Ozzy-fronted discography.
The ironically-named “End of the Beginning” starts the album off with your standard Sabbath doominess, both musically and lyrically. Like the rest of this album, it sounds like a blast from the past, with Ozzy crooning thought-provoking lyrics over Tony Iommi’s simplistic but powerful riff work and Geezer Butler’s rumbling bass. The song debuted on the season finale of “CSI” last month. It would have made a better choice for a single than “God is Dead?”, the next track on the album.
“God Is Dead?” is the second track and the first single released from this album. The music video was released yesterday and caused a ruckus on the Internet, with overly-religious people complaining about the song’s offensive title. Osbourne was inspired to write the song after seeing the phrase on the cover of a magazine and thinking about how many people have died in the name of religion (although he does not believe God is dead). The single clocks in at 9 minutes and sometimes seems too long, even for Sabbath. But it still has their classic sound and was given mostly positive reviews on its release.
The first thing that pops into my head when I hear the intro riff of “Loner” is “N.I.B.” I literally expect Ozzy to shout “oh yeah!” in between verses. Brad Wilk is good at channeling Bill Ward’s drumming style, knowing exactly when and what to do with his drum fills and using the toms at the precise moment.
“Zeitgeist” is 13’s “Planet Caravan”. mellow acoustic vibe, spacey phaser effects on Ozzy’s vocals, and exotic percussion. Osbourne sings about traveling on a space ship that eventually crashes. It’s like listening to a cleaner version of something left over from the “Paranoid” sessions, like if Sabbath had recorded this in 1971, but with our technology.
“Live Forever” starts off as another slow, early Sabbath-sounding song before the drums kick in with “Fairies Wear Boots”-type riffage. The lyrics still play on Sabbath’s signature “Heaven and Hell” themes, but also remind the listener of the band’s mortality. (“I don’t wanna live forever / But I don’t wanna die / I may dreaming, but whatever/ I live inside a lie.”) All the current members outlived singer Ronnie James Dio (who was part of Sabbath from: 1979-82, 1991-92, 2007). Iommi recorded the album while being treated for cancer, and Osbourne went back on drugs. It serves as a stark reminder that “13” *may* be this band’s last album (although they entertained the possibility of recording a follow-up). As I listened to this song, I thought, “Oh shit. These guys are still human,” something we often forget when we think of our heroes, musical and otherwise.
In “Damaged Soul,” Ozzy breaks out the harmonica, adding extra doom to another classic Sabbath-sounding song. Some of the lyrics rank right up there with “Hand of Doom”: “I don’t mind dying cause I’m already dead / Pray not for the living, I’ll live in your head / Dying is easy, it’s living that’s hard / I’m losing the battle between Satan and God.” Iommi nails it again, over Butler’s rumbling bass and Wilk’s spot-on drum fills. This is everything that is great about Sabbath compressed into one song.
“Dear Father” is the final track on the standard edition of the album. it is heavier than the rest of “13,” both musically and lyrically. It has strange time changes and discordant arpeggios, reminding one of Ozzy’s “Diary of a Madman” in parts. There are unexpected key and mood changes at the end. The lyrics come full-circle to the first track most people have heard from this album, “God is Dead?”: “Your molestations of the cross you defiled / A man once holy now despised and reviled… Dear Father forsaken, you knew what you were doing / In silence your violence has left me in ruin.” These should also be placed in the top tier of Ozzy-fronted Sabbath lyrics.
At this point, I’ve been listening to this album for 50 minutes. Unlike other albums, I was not constantly wondering, “how many songs are left?” or “I’m not sure if I like this or not”. I was actually sad that “13” was drawing to a close.
I blasted it on my iPhone and excitedly ran to the living room, proudly proclaiming to the rest of the household, “THIS is Sabbath!”
Then commences the second disc, with the three bonus tracks.
“Methademic” sounds like “Bark at the Moon”-era Ozzy, but with Sabbath acting as the band, if that makes any sense. It sounds newer than the other songs on the album, definitely more 1980s and than 1970s. Perhaps it is best that it was left off the standard edition of the album due to its different vibe, but it’s a good song nonetheless.
“Peace of Mind” is another classic Sabbath song, with the lyrics possibly referencing the events the band went through during the recording of this album: “I wish somebody would empty my head / I am so sorry for the things that I’ve said / This hopeless feeling that’s living inside / I’m just a lonely soul who’s trying to find some peace of mind.”
“Pariah” starts off as another slow-to-mid-tempo doomy song but has the coolest riff of the album. It is slightly more complex than the riffs on the rest of “13,” showing how the band has matured while still keeping most of the elements of their signature sound. It would have been a suitable ending to the standard release, and is another case of, “why didn’t they put it on the regular CD?”
Whether or not “13” is Sabbath’s final album, it is an instant classic. Musically, it feels like you were teleported back into the 1970s, as if they simply picked up where they left off with Ozzy–but had gotten ahold of today’s recording technology. This album shows why these men are the kings of heavy metal. An instant classic that fits nicely between “Paranoid” and “Volume 4”.
FINAL VERDICT: 9/10
1. End of the Beginning
2. God is Dead?
3. Loner
4. Zeitgeist
5. Age of Reason
6. Live Forever
7. Damaged Soul
8. Dear Father
1. Methademic
3. Pariah
June 11, 2013 | Categories: Album Reviews, Doom Metal, Heavy Metal, Music | Tags: 13, Bill Ward, Black Sabbath, Geezer Butler, Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi | 3 Comments
Album Review: MEGADETH “Super Collider” Deluxe Edition (2013)
Before I begin this review, let me make my biases known.
I am a major-league Megadeth fan. I am a card-carrying member of the Megadeth Cyber Army. If you look at the “about” page of this blog, you will see me happily nestled between the two MegaDaves, singer/guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson.
Naturally, I was very excited about the release of the band’s latest effort, Super Collider.
With Super Collider, you can’t just say something like, “It’s Cryptic Writings-meets-Th1rt3en” and be accurate. SC is truly a culmination of all things ‘Deth, with some flashbacks to their thrashier days, elements of their more melodic and experimental albums like Risk, and the newer 2000s material. If you were expecting Rust in Peace II, you will be disappointed. But if you approach it with an open mind, you might be pleased.
SC kicks off with “Kingmaker”, which was released as a single approximately two weeks ago. It renewed people’s faith in Super Collider after so many had been disillusioned by the previous single, the 70s-road-trip-rock title track. “Kingmaker” is like a cross between Black Sabbath’s “Children of the Grave” and ‘Deth’s own “Sweating Bullets,” a tribute to the band’s own musical heritage while adding the thrash elements Megadeth have become known for.
Then comes the infamous “Super Collider,” in a very stark contrast to the opening song. For those who haven’t heard it, it sounds more like Foghat than Megadeth. It’s a middle-of-the-road hard rock song that doesn’t really go anywhere. Mustaine revealed that the band filmed a humorous music video to promote the lead single, and perhaps his intention behind the song will be known once the video is released.
The title “Burn!” sounds like Mustaine’s yell in “Take No Prisoners,” but the song itself is an average rocker, with a chorus that feels more at home in a KISS, Motley Crüe, or even a disco song (“Burn, baby burn… ’cause it feels so good”).
“Built For War” is definitely the worst song on the album, maybe even Megadeth’s worst song, period. Meme Theater posted a review of the album right after it leaked, and their critique of this track says it all:
“…it feels like there was Megadeth playing a toned down Megadeth song in one room while Dave Mustaine sings an unrelated melody and lyrical arrangement in another room, while a 2ND DAVE MUSTAINE stood in yet another separate room in said ‘Built for War!’ at random times, as bored as possible…”
“Off the Edge” has a very nice, dark intro and segues into an average metal song but with sub-par lyrics, at least for Megadeth (“Lately, it seems the world is going crazy / It won’t be long till they replace me / And nothing seems to faze me, anymore”). Think of “Fast Lane” from Th1rt3en, but with worse lyrics.
“Dance in the Rain” is the turning point of this album. David Draiman (Disturbed, Device) lends songwriting and guest vocals to this amazing song, which is one of Megadeth’s best since Youthanasia. The song is about American politicians/government taking advantage of We The People as we struggle to make ends meet. It reminds me why I love Megadeth in the first place: chugging guitar rhythms, Shawn Drover’s fast feet at the double bass drums, Chris Broderick’s wailing leads perfectly complementing Dave Mustaine’s eternally stark lyrics. The song starts off slow and progressively speeds up, eventually ripping into a blazing riff and brutal drums backing Draiman’s powerhouse vocals. It would be right at home on United Abominations or Endgame.
“Beginning of Sorrow” is another good , somewhat slow song with heavy lyrical content, about a neglected child. Mustaine’s daughter Electra contributes some backing vocals.
“The Blackest Crow” is one of the most anticipated songs on this album, since video previews on the band’s website showed instruments like a banjo, fiddle, and slide guitar being used. There were also talks of country legend Willie Nelson guesting on this track. Though Nelson did not appear, the song does its hype justice, serving as a strange but pleasant bridge between bluegrass and heavy metal.
Mustaine wrote “Forget To Remember” about his mother-in-law, who has Alzheimer’s disease. Though it is an upbeat song for Megadeth, the lyrics are some of their most poignant: “If this is living, what the hell is living for? / You’ve boarded up your eyes, your mind has locked the door”. Broderick’s fills and Mustaine’s voice are beautifully in sync, with the fogginess of some of Mustaine’s vocal lines possibly representing the fogginess of the woman’s memory. This is definitely a highlight of the album, though it is more radio-friendly than most Deth fans are used to.
“Don’t Turn Your Back…” starts off with an impressive bluesy guitar solo and progresses into a badass riff, then into a poppy chorus with more cheesy lyrics (“The best advice I can lend is / Don’t ever turn your back on a friend”). Kinda My Little Pony for Megadeth, even though the musical elements are fantastic.
Though “Cold Sweat” is a Thin Lizzy cover, ironically, it is one of the most Megadeth-sounding songs on the album. Great cover that sounds at home on Endgame.
“All I Want”, the first bonus track, has a vibe similar to Th1rt3en’s “Wrecker” and has obvious KISS influences in the lyrics (“We took off on a rocket ride”). Decent medium-tempo metal song.
“A House Divided” should have been released on all versions of the album. It is truly a shame that it is only available on the deluxe edition. It has an interesting trumpet intro by Bob Findley (who played on Megadeth’s “Silent Scorn”), and like “Dance in the Rain,” reminds me why I’m a fan of this band. Once again, Mustaine sings about injustice (“This is a sad day for violence / When speech results in silence”) as gang vocals creepily chant “We all know something’s wrong” in the background. It gave me goosebumps. It is a suiting finale to the new material.
The final track is a live version of “Countdown to Extinction,” recorded in Pomona, Calif. in December of last year. It is a preview of Megadeth’s next CD/DVD release, Countdown to Extinction Live, which should come out this fall.
Super Collider is just one of those albums that is so different, it has to grow on you. I’ve lost count of how many times I’ve seen it called “Risk II”. But the truth is, there are so many different elements on SC, you can’t compare it to one single item in the Megadeth catalogue. It stands alone.
2 .Super Collider
3. Burn!
4. Built For War
5. Off The Edge
6. Dance In The Rain
7. Beginning Of Sorrow
8. The Blackest Crow
9. Forget To Remember
10. Don’t Turn Your Back…
11. Cold Sweat (Thin Lizzy cover)
12. All I Want (Bonus Track)
13. A House Divided (Bonus Track)
14. Countdown To Extinction (Live In Pomona, CA) (Bonus Track)
June 4, 2013 | Categories: Album Reviews, Hard Rock, Heavy Metal, Music, Music News, Reviews, Speed Metal, Thrash Metal | Tags: album review, Bob Findley, chris broderick, Dave Mustaine, David Draiman, David Ellefson, Electra Mustaine, Johnny K, kingmaker, Megadeth, shawn drover, Silent Scorn, super collider, Tradecraft Records | 19 Comments
Album Review: Stone Sour – ‘House of Gold and Bones Part 2’ (2013)
Label: Roadrunner Records
Earlier today, Stone Sour streamed the sequel to their chart-topping album “House of Gold and Bones Part 1” (2012). Though “House of Gold and Bones Part 2” won’t officially be released in the States until next week, I am reviewing it now.
It’s been a long time since I’ve listened to an album that has genuinely kept me entertained the whole way through. When I heard HOGAB Pt. 2, I didn’t find myself looking back at the track list every so often, wondering, “Just how many songs are there left?” It is a fantastic album and fitting sequel to Part 1 with its schizophrenic time and style changes, sometimes during single songs.
HOGAB is singer Corey Taylor’s brainchild–two concept albums and a 4-part comic book miniseries about temptation and vice. The music itself is a representation of the conflicts the protagonist, Human, endures. It brings the lyrics to life, and the theme continues through Part 2.
Part 2 starts off with a melancholy piano ballad, “Red City”. It is quite the departure from “Last of the Real,” the final track of Part 1. But during the second track, “Black John,” thrashing drums kick in, signalling the alternative metal tour de force that is the rest of the album. “Sadist” is a slower, groove metal-esque number with chromatic riffs akin to Ozzy’s “Diary of a Madman”.”Peckinpah” is another grooving number, but the next song, “Stalemate,” is one of the highlights of HOGAB 2.
“Stalemate” starts off as an acoustic ballad with piano flourishes, and one assumes that it will be similar to the first track. But suddenly the electric guitars and drums kick in and you wonder what the hell just hit you. You just got your ass kicked and now your neck is broken from headbanging so much. Then there’s a key change to throw you another curveball.
In addition to hard rocking tracks like “’82,” “Do Me A Favor” and “House of Gold and Bones,” HOGAB 2 has its share of powerful ballads. While still heavy, “The Uncanny Valley” and “The Configuration” would do well in mainstream or crossover charts. “The Configuration” reminds me why 80s metal power ballads so great (Skid Row bassist Rachel Bolan, who contributed to this album, should know). It would be wise for Stone Sour to release it as a single.
This album showcases why Stone Sour is so great. The lyrics are very relatable, telling tales of adversity, self-doubt and self-empowerment. They actively troll their listeners with their musical epicness and make you go, “what the hell just happened?” You’re not sure what hit you, but it is well worth the bruise you’re left with.
Black John
Stalemate
Do Me A Favor
House of Gold and Bones
Corey Taylor – vocals
James Root – guitar
Josh Rand – guitar
Roy Moyarga – drums
Rachel Bolan – bass
CORRECTION (4/6/13): Human is the protagonist of the story, not Allen.
April 2, 2013 | Categories: Album Reviews, Editorials, Hard Rock, Heavy Metal, Music | Tags: album review, corey taylor, house of gold and bones, house of gold and bones part 2, james root, josh rand, metal, rachel bolan, Roadrunner Records, roy moyarga, skid row, Slipknot, stone sour | 5 Comments
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Stephanie Quayle Releases ‘Sugar High’ Video
Hannahlee Allers
Stephanie Quayle has released the music video for her song 'Sugar High.'
The song was penned by Kelley Lovelace, Steve McEwan and Ashley Gorley and was produced by Grammy winner Ilya Toshinsky. Quayle says she approached Lovelace after meeting a mutual friend and asked if she could record one of his songs. The two flipped through his catalog of songs and settled on 'Sugar High.'
"There was something about 'Sugar High' that felt like me, it felt like this is one we HAVE to record," Quayle tells The Boot. "We recorded an acoustic demo then sent it to Ilya Toshinsky to hear, and he did what he does so well, he made it candy to our ears -- pun intended. I have always wanted the kind of love that you can't get enough of, and this is that song. I think we all long for that, and if you have it, boy, you better hold onto it ... but not too tight."
The video captures the song's sweetness with soft lighting and a down-to-earth country feel.
"We wanted to really allow the audience to get to know me with this video, and we didn't want to complicate with a storyline," the Bozeman, Mont., native says. "My favorite part of the shoot was when we turned up the playback for the scene of me on the blanket, and the horses, ponies, mules and bugs all came to the party! It was beyond awesome, surreal, feels like a dream."
The animals that showed up during the video shoot were completely unexpected, but Quayle says she's a "horse junkie" and would be fine having them in everything she does.
"I think horses are the most stunning creatures on this planet, I could watch them all day," she says. "I have pictures of myself with my mom on horses before I could walk. They have always been a part of my life, and growing up on the farm, they truly symbolized freedom for me. I could throw a halter on my horse, jump on bareback [and] ride, ride and ride. My mom taught me everything I know about horses, and to this day, we could spend hours getting lost in conversations about our love of horses."
'Sugar High' is available for download on iTunes and Amazon.
WATCH: Stephanie Quayle Performs "If I Was a Cowboy"
NEXT: Why Are There So Few Women at Country Radio?
Filed Under: Stephanie Quayle
Categories: Country News, Music Videos, New Faces
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Alleged double murder accused to apply for bail
A private security employee who is alleged to have gunned down his girlfriend and her mother and critically wounded their two-year-old daughter at Lonely Park in Mahikeng, North West is expected to apply for bail on Thursday morning.
The incident happened late last year. The suspect, Boitshoko Swanepoel, had earlier abandoned bail citing his safety.
Thirty year-old Swanepoel is facing two charges of murder after 29-year-old Motlalepula Motsatsing and her 52-year-old mother, Lenah were gunned down.
He also allegedly wounded a 25-year-old relative and is therefore also facing two charges of attempted murder.
He was arrested in Setlagole a few days after the incident.
The relative and the little girl sustained serious injuries and were hospitalised in Gauteng.
The post Alleged double murder accused to apply for bail appeared first on SABC News – Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader..
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Our Blog > MT Business Roundup
Montana a growing part of blossoming 'app economy,' Billings Fire Dept. signs on to use Billings-based Diamond B technology, Blackhawk! named 2017 manufacturer of the year, Audience Awards founder shares lessons learned and more
Montana a growing part of $950 billion ‘app economy,’ report says
The newly released sixth annual State of the App Economy report details the growth of an almost $1 trillion industry. And although Montana represents just a small slice of the industry’s $950 billion pie, the state’s app economy is blossoming. The annual report is aggregated by ACT The App Association, an industry organization that represents more than 5,000 app makers. In Montana, 3,700 individuals work on building and maintaining apps, a fraction of the state’s 525,000 person workforce. However, that number is set to grow more than 18 percent by 2024. In Montana, just 176 undergrad computer science degrees were awarded last year, fewer than the nearly 650 unfilled Montana computing jobs around the state. The report specifically highlights two Bozeman companies — Foundant Technologies and app developer Triple Tree LLC. Foundant, which has built a digital platform to make it easier for companies and individuals to apply for grants, was recently named a high-growth company — defined as having at least $2 million in annual revenue and 20 percent growth per year for three consecutive years. The report outlines continued challenges and opportunities, noting “though agriculture-heavy Montana ranks last among high schools offering AP computer science courses, and one in four Montanans do not have access to the internet, Bozeman has become an unexpected hub for tech and innovation - largely driven by local college graduates and Silicon Valley transplants.” Find the full report here. [Bozeman Chronicle]
PHOTO VIA BILLINGS TRANSTECH CENTER
Billings Fire Department signs up for chemical plume monitoring technology produced by Billings-based Diamond B Companies
The Billings Fire Department is the latest organization to sign on as an early adopter of a new system developed by Billings-based Diamond B Companies that pinpoints and tracks chemical plumes. Last summer, Diamond B Companies signed an exclusive licensing deal with the U.S. Army to commercially produce the Local-Rapid Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions, or L-REAC. The system, designed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, uses 3-D modeling, sensors, real-time maps and cloud technology to pinpoint chemical plumes. "It's important technology for first responders," said Scott Roller, vice president at Diamond B. In the event of a fire (as Roller continues to detail his recent experience using the technology in West Fargo to help first responders), the technology will show where the smoke plume is headed, allowing public safety officials to warn residents in its path with exact precision. The research lab was awarded a patent for the technology last month. The company has also developed 3-D wind field modeling and is working to apply this model to wildfire prediction as a way to anticipate where a wildfire might burn and, pushed by the wind, how fast it may move. [Billings Gazette]
PHOTO VIA BLACKHAWK!
Manhattan-based Blackhawk! named the 2017 manufacturer of the year
The Montana Manufacturing Association named Manhattan-based Blackhawk! the 2017 Montana manufacturer of the year. The U.S. manufacturer of tactical, military, shooting sports and law enforcement equipment said they were honored to receive the award. Lamont Kotter, manager of factory operations, said, “We see it as a reflection of our commitment to improve our business and community. It’s those two purposes that we’re engaged in. We’re excited we were recognized for that.” The company (which is hiring for several Montana manufacturing jobs in Manhattan, Montana) was found in 1993 by a Navy Seal and has been in Montana since 2004. [Montana Chamber of Commerce]
Can Do: Giving Montana artists an opportunity to grow (featuring Audience Awards based in Missoula)
In a recent episode of Montana Public Radio’s Can Do: Lessons from Montana Savvy Entrepreneurs, Paige Williams, founder of Audience Awards, shares lessons learned from the launch of her Missoula-based company in 2013. Audience Awards is a platform to support short-format filmmakers honing their craft, specializing in connecting aspiring filmmakers with sponsors, festivals, brands and media outlets. According to Williams, "At the end of the day what we (at Audience Awards) are really doing is democratizing entertainment. We are giving everyone a chance to get discovered, and we are letting the global audience say: 'This is what we love.’" Tune in to learn more about how she got started, her journey, the benefits of creating an LLC, how to make an income with your art and how to connect from small-town Montana to the greater business world. [Montana Public Radio]
MSU PHOTO VIA ADRIAN SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ
At MSU’s stadium, local photonics company Blackmore Sensors practices for the big game
In May, three employees of Bozeman-based Blackmore Sensors and Analytics Inc. will visit Puerto Rico’s Arecibo Observatory to create a 3-D model of the famed radio telescope, which may help Arecibo’s managers calibrate the telescope in the wake of a recent hurricane. In preparation for the Blackmore team’s assignment, they headed to Bobcat Stadium at Montana State University earlier this month to practice its latest photonics technology on something resembling the giant radio dish at the observatory in Puerto Rico and work out any quirks in the software. “It’s the most dish-like thing we could find,” said Stephen Crouch of Blackmore Sensors and Analytics Inc. Blackmore’s binocular-like device swiveled on a tripod at the stadium’s 50-yard line, scanning the empty stands with a camera and a harmless laser — called a lidar sensor. The beams of invisible light from the sensor measured the distance to each point on the structure. Besides creating precise 3-D models of huge objects like the Arecibo telescope, the lidar scanner can find a variety of other applications, Crouch said. For instance, in large mines it could be used to detect early signs of collapsing walls, so that workers and equipment could be moved to safety. The location for the practice of its photonics technology also seemed fitting due to the strong ties between the company and university. Most of Blackmore’s 20 interns during the past two years have been MSU students. And today, nearly half of the company’s roughly 50 employees are MSU alumni (and the company is currently hiring). According to Joe Shaw, director of MSU’s Optical Technology Center and professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in MSU’s Norm Asbjornson College of Engineering, “It’s exciting to see what’s happening at Blackmore. They’re stepping into a market that’s developing really rapidly [and] definitely pioneering a new path for the photonics industry here.” [Montana State University]
Real estate developer to take on old Northwestern Energy building in Butte
Butte-Silver Bow County commissioners have tapped a real estate development firm, Wishrock, to repurpose the old, empty NorthWestern Energy complex in Uptown Butte. Wishrock, which has offices in Missoula and Portland, Maine, says it will split utility and security costs for the building with Butte-Silver Bow County for a year while trying to find commercial and residential tenants. It says it already has a brewery and restaurant interested in becoming anchor tenants, and its plans included an overhaul of the building’s 1960s façade. [Montana Standard]
The next 18 months will make or break the One Big Sky vision for Billings
One Big Sky district strategic partners — Big Sky Economic Development, Billings Chamber of Commerce, Downtown Billings Partnership, City of Billings and the Tourism Business Improvement District — recently cited the reasons they have agreed to work in depth with consultants over the next 18 months to articulate an economic development plan for downtown Billings and the city’s hospital and higher education corridors. According to Big Sky Economic Development’s executive director Steve Arveschoug, the one reason the for this in-depth work is to attract and retain the number of workers needed to replace the 20,000 people expected to retire in the next decade, together with the 8,000 or so additional workers who will join the city’s growing workforce during that time. The second, Arveschoug continued, is that private investment follows public expenditures. “The private sector needs to know the community is investing in itself,” he said. And third, is taking a revised outlook on the “slow and steady wins the race approach.” According to Arveschoug, “Our strong economic foundation is important, but we need to talk about accelerating that growth.” On May 14, the Billings City Council is scheduled to vote on a development agreement that includes Hammes Company, doing business in Montana as Landmark LLC, and the strategic partners. That will be the starting gun for the takeoff of the study, which is expected to take up to 18 months. In the end, if developers aren’t interested in investing in the One Big Sky district, civic and business leaders will at least have an updated downtown development master plan upon completion of the study. [Billings Gazette]
Bozeman airport announces JetBlue flight to California
Officials from Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport announced this week that the airport will offer nonstop seasonal flights from Bozeman to Long Beach Airport courtesy of JetBlue beginning in December. With the new agreement, JetBlue becomes the seventh airline operating out of the Bozeman airport. The Long Beach flight will be the airport’s 16th nonstop route. [Bozeman Chronicle]
PHOTO VIA THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS
Outdoor recreation driving population boom in rural areas, featuring growing Flathead County
While many rural counties have been shrinking for years, others towns with strong outdoor recreational industries (such as hiking in the mountains or year-round golfing) have been growing rapidly. These populations are growing as it becomes easier to work remote and as more people retire and move away from the city. The trend is part of what drove the overall slight growth of the rural population in the United States from 2016 to 2017, for the first time since 2010. Flathead County is a prime example of this growing rural county trend. Flathead County first hit 100,000 residents last year, after growing by about 10 percent since 2010, according to U.S. census estimates. It’s the state’s second-fastest growing county, after Gallatin County, home of Montana State University in Bozeman, and one of the fastest-growing rural counties with populations over 25,000 in the United States. The county is about the same size in square miles as Connecticut, with about 3 percent as many people. For those less familiar with the area, residents are clustered in several small towns that are just miles apart - tourist towns Bigfork and Whitefish, as well as Kalispell, which accounts for a quarter of the county’s population. The growth in Flathead County, and in other recreation counties, follows the “people first, jobs follow” model, said Bryce Ward, an economist at the Bureau of Business and Economic Research at the University of Montana. Retirees, professionals, telecommuters and entrepreneurs are some of the groups that are driving the growth, Ward said. There was a 29 percent increase in Montana jobs in Flathead County from 2000 to 2015, according to Headwaters Economics. And with growth, also comes challenges to address and work on (e.g. affordable housing shortages, elementary school overflow). [The Pew Charitable Trusts]
Governor Bullock sends opportunity zone nominations to U.S. Treasury
Governor Steve Bullock has nominated 25 areas of Montana for designation as an Opportunity Zone, after communities submitted more than 60 proposals for consideration. What’s an Opportunity Zone you say? Well, the federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 established a new economic development program called Opportunity Zones. Regulations as to how the program functions exactly haven’t yet been released by the U.S. Treasury, but the program is “designed to encourage long-term private investment in low-income communities and provides a federal tax incentive for taxpayers who reinvest unrealized capital gains into “Opportunity Funds,” which are specialized investment vehicles dedicated to specific low-income areas called ‘Opportunity Zones.’” According to Governor Bullock, “We asked cities, towns, counties, tribes, and economic development organizations to nominate areas that are most likely to realize development which benefits communities. “I’m confident that the final zones I’ve nominated to the U.S. Treasury Department represent both high-needs communities and areas that are ripe for investment in rural and urban corners of our state.” For example, Missoula is eyeing the “opportunity zone” investments to redevelop the West Broadway corridor with housing and retail development [Missoula Current] and Billings to redevelop the hospital corridor and as part of upcoming planning around the One Big Sky District project. [Billings Gazette]. This financing tool has the potential to “direct private capital toward distressed communities and serve as a catalyst for long-term, inclusive economic development” - with potential to include downtown revitalization, workforce development, affordable housing, infrastructure, and business startup and expansion. Find the complete list of the 25 Montana areas nominated and submitted by the Governor here. [Montana Office of Tourism and Business Development]
PHOTO VIA A&E ARCHITECTS
Airport expedites terminal project to tap federal funding; approves engineering contract
Funding included in the federal spending bill has prompted Missoula International Airport to expedite its plans to construct a new passenger terminal, with several phases of the project expected to go to bid this summer. The project could include a new airport access road, demolition of the current terminal’s security wing and a terminal project to create eight aircraft gates in two concourses (over the next several years). While the project doesn’t have an overall price tag just yet, the airport currently has $11.5 million on hand, and is looking to receive the full amount authorized in the spending bill. To formalize some of the funding, the Missoula County Airport Authority approved a resolution this week to enact a “passenger facility charge” to raise roughly $37 million for the terminal project, approximately $4.50 per ticket. Additionally, the airport authority approved a $4.3 million engineering agreement with Morrison-Maierle (hiring) to finish several phases of design for the terminal and authorized a $97,000 pre-construction agreement with Martel Construction. [Missoula Current]
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Mergers & Acquisitons - Americas
May 30, 2019 / 10:16 AM / 2 months ago
Deals of the day-Mergers and acquisitions
(Adds Viacom, Bank of Kigali, Gannett Co, T-Mobile US; updates Melco Resorts & Entertainment)
May 30 (Reuters) - The following bids, mergers, acquisitions and disposals were reported by 2000 GMT on Thursday:
** Shares of Viacom Inc jumped nearly 6% on a report that CBS Corp’s board is preparing for merger talks with the media company.
** Axel Springer’s share price jumped more than 20% after the German publisher said its main owners were in talks with U.S. investor KKR to take the $5.4 billion company private and pursue a long-term growth strategy.
** Private equity firm Genstar Capital said it will buy asset management software company Prometheus Group from private equity firm Francisco Partners for over $1 billion.
** Melco Resorts & Entertainment will buy a 20% stake in Australia’s Crown Resorts from casino mogul James Packer for A$1.76 billion ($1.22 billion), the U.S. company said, months after Wynn Resorts withdrew an offer to buy Crown.
** Dallas-based Greyhound was put up for sale by Britain’s FirstGroup as the North American bus line battles to compete with growing pressure from low cost airlines.
** Israel’s Delek Group moved closer to listing its Ithaca Energy subsidiary by buying most of Chevron’s British North Sea oil and gas fields for $2 billion.
** Canadian asset manager Brookfield is close to sealing a deal with U.S. infrastructure fund KKR and Spain’s Ribera family to buy a 50% stake in solar group X-Elio, according to three sources with knowledge of the matter.
** Azerbaijan’s SOCAR is interested in buying Russia’s Antipinsky oil refinery, although specifics from the Russian side are not known yet, SOCAR’s deputy vice president told Reuters.
** United Arab Emirates-based GEMS Education has expanded into Saudi Arabia by buying Ma’arif Education Group, the largest private school owner and operator in the kingdom, through a joint venture with Hassana Investment.
** Kenya’s biggest lender by assets, KCB Group, won shareholder approval for its proposed takeover of National Bank of Kenya (NBK) in a 10-for-1 share swap transaction.
** Czech utility CEZ would rather sell its Pocerady lignite-fired power plant than keep it, and the associated coal contract, but will make a final decision later this year, Chief Executive Daniel Benes said in an interview.
** Nissan’s advanced technologies including platforms and electric powertrains could give it leverage in a merger involving Renault and Fiat Chrysler, thanks to a royalty system it has with the former, two people with knowledge of the matter said.
** Bank of Kigali, Rwanda’s biggest lender by assets, is in talks to buy local insurance company Sonarwa, the bank’s chief financial officer said.
** USA Today owner Gannett Co Inc has recently discussed the possibility of a merger with Gatehouse Media Inc, the Wall Street Journal reported, citing sources familiar with the matter.
** Investment firm Mantle Ridge LP is exploring forming a consortium with private equity firms and sovereign wealth funds to make an offer for U.S. food services company Aramark , people familiar with the matter said.
** U.S. wireless carriers T-Mobile US Inc and Sprint Corp are considering divesting wireless spectrum, according to two sources familiar with the matter, as the companies work to gain regulatory approval for their merger. (Compiled by Manas Mishra in Bengaluru)
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People: Muenchener Rueckversicherungs Gesellschaft AG in Muenchen (MUVGn.DE)
MUVGn.DE on Xetra
€-0.20 (-0.09%)
Blunck, Thomas
Dr. Thomas Blunck has been Member of the Management Board of Muenchener Rueckversicherungs Gesellschaft AG in Muenchen since October 1, 2005. Dr. Blunck is responsible for Special and Financial Risks, Reinsurance Investments as well as Central Procurement at Muenchener Rueckversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG. In addition, he acts as Member of the Company's Reinsurance Committee and has been at the Company since 1999. After reading Economics and Business studies at the Universities of Barcelona and Fribourg, he was awarded the degree of Dr. rer. pol. During his doctoral studies he held the position of assistant lecturer at the University of Fribourg. Dr. Blunck commenced his professional career in 1993 as Junior Consultant with Roland Berger & Partner. He then held management positions with Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH. He was appointed Head of Strategy/Economic Research in Munich Re’s Central Division: Strategic Planning in 1999. Two years later, he was made Head of this Central Division and, in 2002, Executive Manager in the Europe 2 and Latin America Division. In 2005, Dr. Blunck became Senior Executive Manager in the Special and Financial Risks Division. In addition to his duties at Muenchener Rueckversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG he also acts as Member of the Supervisory Board of Muenchener und Magdeburger Agrarversicherung AG. Dr. Blunck serves as Board Member at Global Aerospace Underwriting Managers Ltd. (GAU M) in London, among others.
Total Annual Compensation, EUR 1,541,760
Restricted Stock Award, EUR --
Long-Term Incentive Plans, EUR --
All Other, EUR 542,653
Fiscal Year Total, EUR 2,084,410
Bernd Pischetsrieder
Hans-Juergen Schinzler
Joachim Wenning
Marco Noerenberg
Christoph Jurecka
Thomas Blunck
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Scopus Media Acquires 90sFest, Eyes Growth in Live Events
TravelWireNews EditorDecember 20, 2017 2:59 am
NEW YORK, Dec. 19, 2017 /PRNewswire/ — Scopus Media, the publisher behind top Instagram channels @basicbitch, @eats, @perfection, @vacay, and others, announced today the acquisition of 90sFest, a live events and digital media company headquartered in New York City.
90sFest was founded in 2015 by Marc Weinstein, Alex Volodarsky, Alex Massa and Brittany Wolf in partnership with Prime Social Group, a leading festival promotions company based in Ohio, with an aim to produce world class content and experiences for “the TBT generation”. Over its three years in operation, 90sFest hosted events across the country that entertained tens of thousands of fans and hundreds of thousands more online. The Company has partnered with brands like Nickelodeon’s the Splat, Steve Madden, Daybreaker, Foursquare, Hasbro, Soul Cycle, and others to create one-of-a-kind immersive experiences. 90sFest was built so that fans could travel back in time and each 90sFest experience was curated for fans to share on social media. Through this strategy, 90sFest became a leader in the immersive experience category, blazing a path for businesses like the Museum of Ice Cream, Refinery 29’s 29 Rooms, and the upcoming Museum of Selfies.
Scopus CEO, Ben Cohen said “90sFest shows great potential – this is a very exciting acquisition. What they accomplished in just a few years is really tremendous. They established a strong brand, top quality events and built up a loyal audience. By extending our digital strength into real world events, we can bring amazing experiences to our clients and the fans of our properties. The media industry is going through significant changes and this acquisition is consistent with our strategy to add depth to our audience. We look forward to more opportunities in 2018 to partner with and acquire emerging companies that understand the importance of social media.”
Marc Weinstein, co-founder and CEO of 90sFest, will remain involved in an advisory capacity to oversee the transition. He added “We have always placed an enormous focus on social media, and Scopus is an industry leader. This transaction provides a great opportunity for 90sFest to continue to create engaging content to grow our online audience, and to add more value for new and existing brand partners. We look forward to this new direction.”
About Scopus Media
Scopus Media is a publishing company with a focus on leveraging modern media, specifically Instagram, working with top fashion, lifestyle, and entertainment brands like Burger King and Universal Pictures. Curating and creating content across multiple categories, generating a devoted and thoroughly engaged following. Scopus boasts an audience of over 15 million Generation Z and Millennial subscribers.
Media Contact: [email protected]
View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/scopus-media-acquires-90sfest-eyes-growth-in-live-events-300573704.html
SOURCE Scopus Media
http://www.scopus.media
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Registered Agents: What They Are and Why You Need Them
March 25, 2016 by Brett Trembly
If you are incorporating in Florida, you must, by law, choose a registered agent for your corporation. The name of this person must be included in your corporation’s articles of incorporation. The importance of an agent cannot be understated. The purpose of the agent is to receive legal documents on your corporation’s behalf. If your company cannot be served, you can lose by default. Having a registered agent ensures you have somebody who can receive legal documents on behalf of your company at all times. The registered agent is registered in the state of the company, and can receive service of process notices, correspondence from the Secretary of State, and other official government notifications. Therefore, having a registered agent is crucial to the smooth operation of a company.
Almost anybody can serve as a registered agent for a company. This includes yourself as the business proprietor. However, it is advisable to have a third party serve as a registered agent. By having a third party serve as your registered agent, you can have the peace of mind knowing that somebody is always available to receive important documentation on the part of your company. By appointing a third party as your registered agent, it gives you the freedom to go about your business or personal life without worrying about your company defaulting on any key issues.
There are other formal, and informal, benefits of having a registered agent. Aside from a flexible schedule, you can have flexibility with regards to how to conduct business and where to conduct business. Further, you have somebody trustworthy behind the scenes accepting the documents for you, and ensuring they go to the right hands. Further, having a registered agent can ensure you stay out of trouble with the state. For example, a corporation in Florida is required to have a registered agent. Without a registered agent, the corporation may face fines or have their corporate status revoked. The benefits of having a registered agent are limitless.
In sum, whether or not you are required to, having a registered agent on behalf of your company can only be in your benefit. Further, you want to choose a trustworthy person to accept documents on behalf of your company. The Trembly Law Firm has served and continues to serve as a registered agent for all business types for years. Call the Trembly Law Firm at (305) 431-5678 today to schedule your consultation, and find out the benefits of having an established legal team serve as your registered agent.
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Sermons/Archives
JOURNEY Newsletter
SIMPLY GIVING PROGRAM
PowerSurge Podcast
Christian Healthcare Ministries
WORD IN ACTION
Women of Trinity
LCMC Info/Link
Welcome to the Trinity Lutheran Church of Birchwood website. We’re glad you stopped by, and we look forward to welcoming you at one of our worship services or community events. We are a “family” of believers in Christ who gather together to share in the Good News and help each other along life’s journey.
We gather and meet at 501 E. Chetac Ave in Birchwood, WI. Come and worship with us Sundays @ 10 am (year-round), plus @ 8:30 am (Memorial Day – Labor Day).
Sunday School is held during school year months of September – May at 10 am for children age 3 through 2nd grade. During our half-hour session together, children will learn about God’s creation, the importance of following directions, and examples of families throughout the Old Testament. The stories include Adam and Eve, Jacob and Esau, Noah, Moses, and the Ten Commandments! Sunday School sessions conclude around 10:30 for children to join families for the remainder of the worship service.
You’ll find more about our activities, our missions, and our services on this website. Check it out! If you really want to learn more about Trinity though, it takes a visit in person to see how the Holy Spirit works within us, touches our lives and the lives of others.
Our congregation has been walking with Christ for over 114 years . . . we welcome you along the journey!
At Trinity we rejoice in the grace of God, ever active in our lives and in the world. We are a family of sinners who confess that we are not worthy of this gift. We are not perfect – we make mistakes – we mess up. But God’s Grace is bigger than our sins, so God works forgiveness and new life within us. God calls us His children and calls us as partners in His action in the world. We are always on the lookout for where and how God is at work, seeking to bear witness to this action and join in partnership with God in this work. Powered by the Holy Spirit we endeavor to embody and to live out God’s remarkable grace.
We believe, teach, and confess the Triune God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
We believe, teach, and confess Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior and the gospel as the power of God for the salvation of all who believe in him.
· Jesus Christ is the Word of God incarnate, through whom everything was made and through whose life, death, and resurrection God fashions a new creation.
· The proclamation of God's message to us as both law and gospel is the Word of God, revealing judgment and mercy in the person and work of Jesus Christ through whom God was pleased to reconcile all things to himself.
· The canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God. Inspired by God's Spirit speaking through their authors, they record and announce God's revelation centering in Jesus Christ. Through them God's Spirit speaks to us to create and sustain Christian faith and fellowship for service in the world.
· We believe, teach, and accept the canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as the inspired Word of God and the sole authoritative source and norm of our proclamation, faith, and life.
We believe, teach, and confess the gospel, recorded in the Holy Scriptures and confessed in the ecumenical creeds and Lutheran confessional writings, as the power of God to create and sustain the priesthood of all believers for God's mission in the world.
We are a community brought together through God’s grace and love, which seeks to grow in knowledge and faith in Jesus Christ, and reaches out in word and action to our community and beyond with the Good News of Jesus’ love.
Trinity Lutheran Church traces its history back to 1902, when the first Birchwood religious services were held in the train depot’s ladies waiting area. The first building (which still exists) was dedicated in 1904 and, at the first congregational meeting, members voted to name the congregation “Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church.” Around 1920, the name was changed to “Zion Lutheran Church.”
In 1942, the congregation voted to change its name to “Trinity Lutheran Church” and voted to join the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America, which became part of the American Lutheran Church (ALC) in 1960. In 1946, Trinity joined with Long Lake Lutheran Church as a two-point parish with one pastor. [The American Lutheran Church merged into the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) in 1988.]
During 1939-1940, the original building was enlarged and remodeled. A parsonage was built next door in 1950-1951, the current 9-acre church site was purchased in 1967, and a new church building was completed on that site in July 1974.
The Birchwood community had grown throughout the decades, and by 1995, the “new” church was very cramped. Members decided the only way to afford any building was to do it themselves. A “faith-based” ground breaking took place on August 2, 1998, and fund raising surpassed its initial goal by over 200%. Young and old, men and women, members and non-members helped with the new addition – either working on the building or cooking meals for the workers. Dedication of the new structure was held in April 1999.
With the addition of the new 240-seat sanctuary, narthex, multi-purpose room, nursery, handicapped-accessible bathrooms, and offices for the pastor and secretary, the “old” sanctuary became the Fellowship Hall, and in 2000, the kitchen was remodeled and enlarged.
HIGHLIGHTS OF PAST 16 YEARS
Trinity Lutheran Church members have been challenged throughout their history, and the past 15 years were no exception. Life’s “hills and valleys” have united TLC members to face those challenges, relying on their faith to guide and sustain them.
The year 2002 was one of joy and sorrow, as the congregation celebrated its centennial anniversary, but “unyoked” from Long Lake Lutheran Church (at LLLC’s request). As a result, various transition events occurred with this move to a solo ministry in Birchwood: hiring new staff, calling a full-time pastor, developing new ministry plans, etc.
In 2003, Trinity called her first full-time pastor in over 50 years, Pastor Paul Oman – a testament to its growing membership. Other staff changes also occurred: a change from a Music Minister to a Choir Director, supported by volunteers; increased duties/hours and title change for Parish Administrator; and the addition of a Youth & Family Coordinator staff position. In 2008, Trinity tackled another challenge with their faith-based approval of a one-year internship position for a third-year seminary intern. During 2009-2010, intern Theresa Riewestahl and the members of Trinity shared in a memorable growth experience. Pastor Theresa’s ordination was attended by many Trinity members in July 2011.
With the departure Pastor Oman in May 2011, to follow God’s call to serve as an artist-pastor, sharing the Gospel and teaching the Biblical story through his painting to congregations throughout the country. Since then, the Trinity congregation has been pastored by several supply pastors, interim pastors, and two called clergy.
July 2012 – September 2012: Interim Pastor Roger Kastelle
February 2013 – July 2014: Pastor Chris Conner
September 2014 – April 2015: Interim Pastor Joan Scheffler
September 2015 – October 2016: Pastor Jon Paquette
November 2016 – September 2017: Interim Pastor Joan Scheffler
November 2017-January 2018: Interim Pastor Lauren Ley
February 2018 – Pastor Jack Jorgensen
TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH
501 E Chetac Ave
Birchwood, WI 54817
Recent Sermon
Copyright © Trinity Lutheran Church. All Rights Reserved.
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Triple Flag Mining Finance Ltd.
Bespoke financing partner to the mining industry focused on royalties and streams
We are miners first and foremost, backed by a single, well-funded and globally recognized private investor in Elliott Management Corporation. Our expertise, combined with Elliott’s full support and long-term focus, enables us to move rapidly and discreetly to offer bespoke and non-traditional financing solutions. We look beyond the short-term volatility and often fickle public market view and sentiment of the commodity cycle.
Triple Flag Mining Finance Management Team
Shaun Usmar
Shaun Usmar is an international mining executive with extensive experience in transactions, business integration, financial management and reporting, strategy development, restructuring, and turnarounds. In late April 2016, he decided to leave Barrick Gold in his role as Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in order to found Triple Flag Mining Finance. During his time at Barrick, Shaun helped drive the financial transformation of the business, paying down over $4 billion of debt, dramatically lowering the cash flow breakeven price outlook for the business which allowed Barrick to generate cash flow for the first time in four years despite weaker gold prices, revamped the capital allocation and planning processes, and restructured the global finance, risk and IT capabilities.
Shaun joined Xstrata as a founding member of the leadership team that grew the company into one of the world’s largest diversified miners at the time of its acquisition by Glencore. He was Chief Financial Officer of Xstrata Nickel, a business encompassing exploration, mining, smelting, and refining activities on five continents. He also served as Chief Financial Officer of Xstrata Alloys in South Africa, the world’s largest ferrochrome producer, and General Manager of Business Development for Xstrata plc in London. Prior to joining Xstrata, Shaun worked in Finance and Business Development roles at BHP Billiton, and production engineering roles in the aluminum and steel industries.
Shaun holds a Bachelor of Science in Metallurgy and Materials from the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa, and an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, both with distinction.
Allan Polk
VP Mining Engineering
Mr. Polk is a mining engineer with 25 years of experience in mine operations, technical services, due diligence and consulting for both underground and open pit mines in a variety of commodities at mines and projects around the world. He is an expert in resource to reserve conversion as a qualified person for technical reports and as a corporate technical representative at operating mines and development projects. Allan recently worked at Forbes and Manhattan as the Vice President of Mining, Pan American Silver Corporation as the Director of Mining Engineering and he was a Principal Engineer at Snowden Mining Industry Consultants in Vancouver.
Sheldon Vanderkooy
Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel
As General Counsel, Sheldon is responsible for oversight of all of Triple Flag’s legal matters. Prior to joining Triple Flag, he was Assistant General Counsel at First Quantum Minerals Ltd., and Senior Director, Legal Affairs at Inmet Mining Corporation. Prior to joining Inmet, he was a corporate and securities partner at Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP in Toronto, Canada. Sheldon holds a law degree from the University of Western Ontario (gold medallist) and a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) from Queen’s University.
Steve Bristo
Manager Research and Analytics
Steve is a finance professional with over 6 years of experience in equity research in the mining and natural resources sector. Prior to joining Triple Flag, he worked in Global Mining Research at RBC Capital Markets where he was part of a team covering base metals mining companies. He also previously held roles at Merrill Lynch Canada and the Marquee Group. Steve is a CFA charterholder and an Accredited Financial Modeler (AFM) and holds a Master of Business Administration from the Rotman School of Management and a Bachelor of Applied Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Toronto.
Andrew McLarty
Manager Evaluations
Andrew previously worked for TD Securities where he spent five years in the investment banking group supporting clients across the global metals and mining sector. He advised on a number of M&A and capital markets transactions as well as corporate development initiatives for companies in the precious metals, base metals and uranium sectors. Andrew holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) from Queen’s University.
James Dendle
Director, Geology
James Dendle is a Resource Geologist with a broad background in estimating and auditing resources and reserves, multi-disciplinary due diligence and technical studies. Prior to joining Triple Flag, he was a Senior Consultant at SRK Consulting (UK). James holds a Bachelor of Science in Applied Geology (1st Class Honours) and a Master of Science in Mining Geology (Distinction) from the University of Exeter, Camborne School of Mines, and is Chartered Geologist of the Geological Society of London.
Conveniently located in downtown Toronto
TD Canada Trust Tower
161 Bay Street, Suite 4535
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2S1
info@tripleflagmining.com
© Triple Flag Mining Finance Ltd. (“Triple Flag”), 2019 | Legal
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22 JANUARY 1552: The Execution of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset
January 22, 2016 January 22, 2016 Carolina Casas1 Comment
The Historical Edward Seymour (left) was in reality a shy man as opposed to the intimidating figure played by Max Brown (right) in “The Tudors”.
On the 22nd of January, Edward Seymour, the former Lord Protector and Duke of Somerset was executed.
John Dudley and William Herbert had grown dissatisfied with the way he was running the country. When Edward Seymour was elected Lord Protector, he got to that position by making deals with many of Henry VIII’s executors and members of his imagined Regency Council. Edward was also part of this council, and upon his death he was going to be elevated to Duke and his eldest son by Anne, to Earl. But this wasn’t good enough for him. Less than a year later, he had alienated most of his supporters, including his brother. After Thomas’ execution, there was a popular uprising and instead of dealing with them in the same manner he had dealt with the Scots in the battle of Pinkie Cleugh, he pardoned many of them.
One of his close friends and allies, (Paget) had warned him of what might happen if he continued down this path. In a letter, dated July 7th 1549, he wrote: “I see at the hand the King’s destruction and your ruin. If you love me or value my service since the King’s father’s death, allow me to write what I think. Remember what your promised me in the gallery at Westminster before the late King died … planning with me for the place you now occupy to follow my advice before any other. Had you done so, things would not have gone as they have. Society is maintained by religion and laws: you have neither. The old religion is forbidden and the new not generally imprinted. The law is almost nowhere used: The commons have become King.”
The Protector obviously chose to ignore it until August when John Dudley and his men dealt with the rebels accordingly.
“The Earl of Warwick commanded an army of twelve thousand professional soldiers and German mercenaries against Norfolk farm boys with few guns or blades, but hopes of “an equal share of things.” Three thousand men died outside Norwich at Dussindale on 27 August.” (Lisle)
As he and his men gained more supporters, Somerset took his nephew to Windsor where he promised him he would be safe from his enemies. The King highly distrusted his uncle but there was little he could do.
Anticipating his arrest, the Protector took his nephew to Windsor. He told him that he was taking him to a “safe haven” and that this would be temporary until he dealt with his enemies.
Anne joined her husband at Windsor days later. With no one else they could trust, they sent their ten year old son, Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford to bring reinforcements. But these never came. Instead, the boy was intercepted in the West by Sir William Herbert.
Sir William Herbert’s allegiance was to the league of conspirators, among them his brother-in-law, the Marquis of Northampton, William Parr who was the late Queen’s brother and who was one of many who held a grudge on the Lord Protector for kicking him off the Privy Council. He probably held a grudge against his wife as well, given her treatment of his sister.
With their son captured, and one of their commanders asking the Protector to step down “rather than any blood be shed,” the two realized that they had no option but to surrender.
Eventually he was released and continued to attend council meetings, but on the 16th of October 1551, he was arrested once again and brought to the Tower. His wife was arrested the following day and also brought to the Tower and *“if we are to judge from the list of articles she sent for, she must have realized that her visit was a long one.”
The charges laid against the Duke of Somerset were outrageous. Following his first arrest, he had lost his Protectorate but still retained some influence. His wife went on to make deals with the leading families in government by proposing betrothals to the Dowager Duchess of Suffolk, Warwick and others, to her son and daughters. Warwick married his son to her daughter Anne, but as tensions began rising, the couple decided to use the last card they had up their sleeves which was their illustrious daughter Jane.
Jane was smart, articulated, and was highly praised by her mother’s chaplain and other Reformers. If she could get her royal cousin’s attention, she could bring her father back into favor. Somerset’s plan were discovered and fearing what he would do if he succeeded, Dudley and the others prosecuted him, and charged him with attempted murder, saying he planned to invite all the nobles to dinner so he could murder them. Since there wasn’t any evidence regarding this, new charges were laid against him, this time they involved sedition treason and conspiracy to “overthrow the government, imprison Northumberland and Northampton, and convene Parliament.”
Somerset attended the hearings in December where Lord Strange was brought in to testify of his plans to marry his daughter to Edward VI so he could regain power, and others were brought in to add more weight to the other charges. After his trial, his sentenced was pronounced, along with his brother-in-law, Michael Stanhope who had also been arrested and charged with treason.
There are many versions of his last words, one comes from his chaplain (John Foxe) who wasn’t present for his execution but he maintained that his account was taken from a “certain noble personage” who was.
Edward began by saying: “Dearly beloved masters and friends, I am brought hither to suffer, albeit that I never offended against the king neither by word nor deed, and have been always as faithful and true unto this realm as any man hath been. But foresomuch as I am by law condemned to die, I do acknowledge myself, as well as others, to be subject thereunto …” and added that he had come here to die, according to the law, and gave thanks “unto the divine goodness, as if I had received a most ample and great reward” then asked them to continue to embrace the new religion and obey their young King.
His speech was then interrupted by the arrival of two horsemen which the people took as a sign of a pardon and shouted “A pardon! A pardon! God save the King!” But it wasn’t. Northumberland and the council had issued a law that prevented the lords’ tenants and the common citizenry yet they still managed to come. So they were sorely disappointed when they found out that no such pardon was given and turned to their hero, the “Good Duke”, who said lastly:
“Dearly beloved friends, there is no such matter here in hand as you vainly hope or believe. I have always showed myself a most faithful and true subject and client unto him. I have always been most diligent about His Majesty in doing of his business, both at home and abroad, and no less diligent about the common commodity of the whole realm.”
Kneeling down, he let his face be covered with his handkerchief and right before the axe cut through his neck, he prayed “Lord Jesus, save me.”
In many ways, Edward Seymour can’t be blamed for the economic disaster since he inherited that from Henry VIII, but in other ways his mismanagement caused an even worse economic crisis and despite his popularity with some of the commons, he attempted to solve the problem of vagabonds by turning them into slave and his wars with Scotland brought an even greater strain on the treasury.
But for the people gathered that day, he was their hero and like many popular saints with the old religion, they saw him as something larger than life, and some even went as far as dipping their handkerchiefs and other pieces of clothing in his blood and treasured them as relics.
Edward VI for his part showed very little emotion. He wrote in his diary after he had been informed of his uncle’s death: “The Duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Tower Hill between eight and nine o’clock in the morning.”
Ordeal by Ambition by William Seymour *
On this day in Tudor History by Claire Ridgway
Tudor: A Family Story by Leanda de Lisle
Edward VI by Chris Skidmore
16th century, Death, Edward Seymour, Edward VI, Execution, History, January, John Dudley, Tudor history, UncategorizedAnne Stanhope, Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, Edward VI, Execution, History, John Dudley, Lord Protector, Tudor history
The Marriage of Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves
January 6, 2016 January 6, 2016 Carolina Casas2 Comments
On the 6th of January 1540, Henry VIII married Anne of Cleves at the Queen’s Closet in Greenwich in a ceremony officiated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer. The date also fell on the feast of the Epiphany which marked the end of the twelve days of Christmas celebrations. In spite of Henry’s earlier protests that he would not marry the Princess of Cleves because “I like her not”; Cromwell convinced him of otherwise, reminding him of his agreement with her brother, the Duke of Cleves and given the current alliance between the Emperor and the King of France, his union with Anne would prove beneficial.
Henry VIII is a man who has been judged harshly by history, most fiction writers who portray him as a petulant child trapped in a man’s body. Henry VIII did become somewhat of a tyrant later in life, but this image is a huge contrast to the one presented to us by Lord Mountjoy, the Venetian Ambassador and finally his mentor and (once) friend, the late Sir Thomas More in his early years. On his ascension in June of 1509, these three commented that this new King was marvelous to behold because he didn’t care for jewels or any other material gain, but instead wanted to achieve immortality through his feats. Thomas Moore also commented on his scholarship, adding that his wife’s beauty and intellect also highlighted his appeal. As Henry got older he became paranoid and harder to please.
This was the Henry that Anne married, coincidentally on the same room he had married her predecessor who died days after giving birth to his only legitimate heir, Prince Edward, Jane Seymour.
Anne chose for her motto “God send me well to keep” and was richly dressed as the day of her official reception at the palace three days prior.
“On her head she wore a coronet of gold set with jewels and decorated with sprigs of rosemary, a common medieval wedding custom that signified love and loyalty. With the most “demure countenance” she passed through the king’s chamber into the gallery, and closet, where she greeted her future spouse with three curtseys. His heart might not have been in it, but Henry had at least dressed the part.” (Licence)
Indeed he was. Wearing a gown of cloth of gold with silver flowers, black fur and a coat of crimson, Henry reluctantly agreed to take Anne as his wife, placing the ring on her finger which had her motto engraved on it.
Six Wives of Henry VIII by David Loades
1540, 16th century, Anne of Cleves, England, Henry VIII, Henry VIII of England, HERStory, History, January, Uncategorized1540, Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII, HERstory, January, Marriage, Tudor history
Anne of Cleves from Greenwich to Hampton (1540-1541)
January 3, 2016 January 3, 2016 Carolina CasasLeave a comment
On the third of January 1540, the date set for Anne of Cleves and Henry VIII’s first encounter was spoiled by their earlier and much unexpected encounter (at least for Anne) on New Year’s day at the Bishop’s Palace at Rochester. Anne had no idea that the King would be coming, and much less that he would be accompanied by a handful of courtiers playing the part of Robin Hood and his band of merry men. The meeting as we can all recall, went disastrously wrong when Anne rejected his advances. With no knowledge of the king’s love of games, or the art of courtly love, Henry grew disenchanted with his foreign bride and despite her best attempts to make it up by engaging in idle chatter, the King lost all enthusiasm for her.
It was only by some miracle –thanks in part to Cromwell, reminding him of his promise to marry her- that he agreed to go ahead with the betrothal. Two days after that disastrous meeting, Anne traveled to London, arriving at Shooter’s Hill, two miles outside of Greenwich. At midday she made her entrance to the Palace where she was welcomed by the King’s court. Doctor Day who had been appointed as her almoner gave her a welcome speech in Latin. He was followed by the King’s nieces and former daughter-in-law, Ladies Margaret Douglas, Frances Brandon, Mary Howard as well as other “ladies and gentlewomen to the number of sixty five” who “welcomed her and led her into a gorgeous tent or pavilion of rich cloth of gold that had been set up for at the foot of the hill, in which fires burned and perfumes scented the air.” They dressed her in a new gown which was also in the Dutch fashion, and added a new headdress and jewelry then helped her into her horse which was “richly trapped”. As the people caught sight of Anne, they would have largely commented on her fashions which would have seemed to strange to them as Henry’s first Queen’s Spanish ones would have seemed strange to their fathers and grandfathers two generations before when she made her grand entrance to London in November of 1501.
The French Ambassador, Charles de Marillac says that Anne “was clothed in the fashion of the country from which she came” as well as her ladies which made her look “strange to many.” He also adds that he doesn’t find any of them (including the future Queen) beautiful and “not so young as was expected, nor so beautiful as everyone affirmed.”
Some can take this as proof that the myths surrounding Anne’s appearance but we have to remember that Marillac had an agenda and although the second portrait of Anne had Holbein paint over her elongated nose, by no means it adds credibility to those absurd rumors. At the time of Henry’s betrothal, Spain and France had formed an alliance and to avoid complete isolation, Cromwell devised an alliance with the Schmalkaldic League that could help them offset the balance.
Naturally, Marillac was not going to look well on this union.
Fast forward to a year later, the same date (January 3rd), Anne and Henry met once again. This time as brother and sister (having received the title of the King’s sister along with various states after their marriage was annulled) at Hampton Court Palace, exchanging gifts with his new queen, her former lady in waiting, Katherine Howard.
1540, 1541, 16th century, Anne of Cleves, English Throne, Henry VIII, Henry VIII of England, HERStory, History, History of the English Monarchy, January, Tudor dynassty, tudor england, Tudor history, Tudor House, Tudors, Uncategorized16th century, Anne of Cleves, England, Henry VIII, HERstory, History, January, Tudors
A Not So Happy New Year
January 1, 2016 Carolina CasasLeave a comment
On New Year’s Day 1540, Henry VIII decided to surprise Anne of Cleves, dressed as Robin Hood with his band of merry men. Henry had always been a lover of chivalry and had pulled similar stunts throughout his entire life, especially in his young life with his foreign queen, Katherine of Aragon. This was no different, but Anne who had a strict upbringing was totally unaware of these kinds of antics and when Henry approached her and asked to give her a kiss, she was (unsurprisingly) alarmed and insulted and rebuffed him.
Prior to moving to the Bishop’s Palace on Rochester, Anne had arrived at Deal on Kent, from there she went on a small tour, greeting many officials including the Duke and Duchess of Suffolk, Charles and Catherine Brandon. Anne had asked some of the English courtiers to explain to her various English customs, such as how to sit during a meal, and the different kinds of card games. But this was another thing entirely, and most importantly it was unexpected.
Henry VIII of England.
Anne knew she was supposed to meet her husband, and given what had happened to his previous wives, she was probably aware of his reputation. But she was taken by surprise by his sudden arrival. Officials had told her that she and the King would meet when she reached Greenwich on the third of January, in two days time. She was standing near a window, watching a bullfight when the King and his men burst in.
When he revealed who he was, Anne was deeply embarrassed and tried to apologize and engage in idle chatter but the damage was already done. After this, it was pretty much decided that things would not go as planned, or as Cromwell planned them.
Much has been said about Anne’s appearance from this meeting. Some historians still buy into the myth that she was ugly, and much of this stems from the apocryphal story that Henry swore he was being forced to marry a “Flanders’ mare” but this tale doesn’t come until much later and is much a secondary source as anything else that says something similar.
As soon as Henry was given her portrait and began to have doubts about this alliance, Cromwell would try to regain his interest by continuously praising the appearance of a woman neither of them had met yet, and saying how she was the epitome of beauty. Cromwell knew that he was playing with fire, but he was so sure of his position and the influence he had over the King (as his previous master once had) that he didn’t think about the dangerous possibility of the King’s possible dislike of her once he met her, or her ignorance regarding the king’s antics.
X-Rays from one of her portraits have revealed a longer nose which Holbein covered up in an effort to make her more attractive for the king. And notice what I say here, more attractive for the King. Henry VIII was an extremely vain man who was attracted to anything that was good to look at because as King, he had to have the best of the best. But he was also deeply obsessed with his manliness, and as such, the thought of somebody refusing him, wounded his male pride. And not surprisingly, this became more important to him than the Cleves alliance or his other need, to give the kingdom a much needed Duke of York to secure the Tudor Dynasty.
The Six Wives of Henry VIII by David Starkey
Thomas Cromwell: The Untold Story of Henry VIII’s Most Faithful Servant by Tracy Borman
1540, Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII, Henry VIII of England, HERStory, History, History of the English Monarchy, January, Tudor history, Uncategorized, Women's History1540, Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII, HERstory, History, January, New Year
The Burial of the “Constant Princess”
January 30, 2015 January 29, 2016 Carolina CasasLeave a comment
Although Philippa Gregory’s book on Katherine of Aragon is purely fictional, the title is more than fitting. Katherine had waited seven years, almost as much as Anne is reputed to have waited, to marry Henry, who was next in line to the English throne after his older brother passed away.
“Not for my Crown” had been her motto when she was Princess of Wales. She changed it to “Humble and Loyal” to parallel her mother in law’s which had been an example of queenly chastity and behavior. But “appearances” as Fox states in her dual biography of her and Juana were indeed “deceiving”. Katherine was a headstrong woman, a pioneer of female education as her mother, a great tactician, leader, Regent, and notable religious and humanist matron. In her death however, her achievements were forgotten and she was buried with the honors of a Princess, not a Queen.
On January 29th, 1536 Katherine of Aragon was buried on St. Peterborough Cathedral. She had been laid under a canopy of state the previous day which had included the royal arms of England and Spain and her personal emblem, the Pomegranate and eighteen banners to illustrate her connection to other royal houses in Europe.
Eustace Chapuys was not present for the ceremony but from the reports he received afterward, he found it shameful.
The chief mourner was Frances Brandon, Henry VIII’s niece. With her were her husband Henry Grey, and her sister, Eleanor Brandon. Mary was not allowed to attend her mother’s funeral but if she had, she would have found it shameful as well.
Perhaps it was better that she didn’t because she would have no doubt felt the same outrage.
At the ceremony, Katherine was referred to as the “Princess Dowager” not as the Queen of England as she and her supporters had always maintained. The priest performing the ceremony was none other than the John Hilsey, the Bishop of Rochester who had replaced Fisher after the latter’s death.His eulogy condemned Katherine for standing against her sovereign and reiterated many times that her marriage had been an affront to God, and that she was never truly Queen, but only the King’s sister. Representing Henry VIII, her “brother-in-law”, was Sir William Paulet. Maria de Salinas and her daughter, the new Duchess of Suffolk, Catherine Willoughby were also present.
Visitors to the UK today are drawn to her tomb. It is marked by golden letters on top, on the gate, KATHARINE OF ARAGON: QUEEN OF ENGLAND, and two flags, flying horizontally. These letters were added many centuries after her funeral, as a way to honor her. Regardless of who she was, what everyone’s views of her are or remain, she was married to Henry for more than twenty years, served as his Regent (distinguished herself in that position) and was mother to England’s first Queen, and the youngest daughter of two of the most celebrated –and also infamous- monarchs in Western Europe.
Katherine of Aragon by Patrick Williams
Sister Queens: The Noble and Tragic Lives of Katherine of Aragon and Juana I of Castile by Julia Fox
Inside the Tudor Court by Lauren Mackay
Burial, January, Katherine of Aragon16th century, Death, Funeral, Katherine of Aragon, Tudors
18 JANUARY 1486: The Union of the Red and the White Rose
Their union formed the Tudor rose, a heraldic symbol of the union between two warring factions: Lancaster and York that were now at an end. The reality however, was much more complex. Nonetheless, their illusion did give a lasting impression of peace and helped the country heal. For the both of them, it was the realization of their dreams and ambitions.
On January 18th, 1486 Henry VII married Elizabeth, Princess of York, eldest surviving daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. There is a not a lot of information regarding the wedding ceremony. Henry VII had swore he would marry Elizabeth when he had been in exile in Brittany, at Vannes Cathedral, three years prior. A lot had happened since then though. The papal dispensation that their mothers had secretly plotted to get had to be reissued. The papal dispensation covered the Earl of Richmond and the natural daughter of Elizabeth of York (meaning the Lady Elizabeth, not the legitimate daughter and heiress of Edward IV). It was vital that the couple married under the good eyes of the church. The fifteenth century had descended into chaos when two branches of the Plantagenet House had annihilated each other, their descendants had married off to other noble houses and as a result (after Bosworth), Henry claimed the crown. But he was not blind, conquering and ruling were two different things. He needed stability or at the very least, give the illusion of it to the people to put down civil unrest. Therefore he needed to marry Elizabeth who was the eldest living descendant of the first Yorkist King. The papal dispensation took time, and meanwhile Henry had to establish himself as the realm’s ruler. He established his claim to the throne through his “right of conquest” and his mother, Margaret Beaufort whose family descended from John of Gaunt via his third marriage to his mistress, Katherine Swynford. Nevertheless, his claim to the throne was still seen as weak, which was why parliament asked him on December 1485, two months after he had been crowned, to keep his promise to marry the Princess Elizabeth, and strengthen the claim of his descendants.
“Marrying Edward’s eldest daughter was essential to holding that support and trying to restore some stability to the English royal line.” (Jones)
The pope had finally granted the dispensation at the beginning of the year, and it was confirmed in England by the papal legate, the Bishop of Imola on 16 January, two days later the coupe were married.
The wedding ceremony was officiated by the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Bourchier. Given the statement that Henry wanted to make, as it was mentioned earlier, about their union; the Abbey would have been filled with Tudor imagery that Henry had created that gave a new interpretation of the dynastic conflict that is now known as the wars of the roses. By intertwining the white rose of York (Edward IV’s favorite symbol besides the sun in splendor) with the red rose, Henry VII’s union with Elizabeth meant to give a powerful message of peace. Illusory as this was, its impression lasted and their descendants continued to use this device and celebrate the union of their ancestors, Henry and Elizabeth. The building would have been decorated by royal colors such as “purple and gold, silk, ermine and delicate cloths of tissue.” And the bride, adds Licence: “would have been splendidly dressed and adorned with jewels, lace, brocade and ribbons.” She would not have worn white, given that white was not a color worn for wedding dresses.(The first royal bride who did was in fact her daughter-in-law, Katherine of Aragon, when she married Prince Arthur). Elizabeth would have likely worn purple as it symbolized royalty, or taken one of her many new gowns.
After the archbishop placed the golden ring on Elizabeth, the couple said their vows. Following royal custom, Elizabeth promised to take Henry as her husband “for fairer, for fouler, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to be blithe and amiable, and obliging in bed and at board” till death do them part.
“The wedding was celebrated in the customary fashion, with “wedding torches, marriage bed and other suitable decorations,” followed by “great magnificence … at the royal nuptials … Gifts flowed freely on all sides and were showered on everyone while feasts, dances and tournaments were celebrated with liberal generosity to … magnify the joyous occasion.” (Jones)
Besides the expenses, that no doubt would have been great, Elizabeth would have seen the new rose, the Tudor rose in every corner as well as her husband’s other badges. By intertwining the white rose of York (Edward IV’s favorite symbol besides the sun in splendor) with the red rose, Henry VII’s union with Elizabeth meant to give a powerful message of peace. Illusory as it was, its impression lasted and their descendants continued to use this device and celebrate the union of their ancestors, Henry and Elizabeth.
In recent fiction the two have been portrayed as an unhappy couple, pushed into the marriage by their shrewish mothers, but this is an interpretation based on secondary sources that have come many years (more than a century in fact) after the even took place. Francis Bacon writes very colorfully of Henry, and negatively of his mother but Francis was writing a century after the events took place and the two George Bucks themselves wrote even later. It is very easy to believe these sources, but if we want to look at the couple, we just have to look at their actions, at what they faced and what moral attitudes people had in this period.
“For women of all social classes in the late fifteenth century, becoming a wife marked a significant change in status … As the wife of the King, although not yet crowned in her own right, Elizabeth was the highest-ranking female in the land but still subject to her husband’s rule” (Amy Licence)
A young woman such as Elizabeth would not have missed the opportunity to regain her status as Princess, and much less to be Queen. After being bastardized, and forced into hiding at Westminster, then in the midst of intrigue in the Ricardian court (with rumors -whether they are true or not, we will never know- that her uncle wanted to marry her shortly after his wife’s passing and he later recanted after people protested at such an idea that he began to look elsewhere for a bride, and a spouse for Elizabeth); she would have no doubt welcome this new change in status. Elizabeth was a Princess-born, she had at one point been betrothed to the heir to the French Crown. She could not accept no better offer than to be a Queen, as it would also bolster her family’s position as well and it did. Henry VII rewarded the Woodvilles. Richard Woodville as the third Earl of Rivers lived comfortably, Elizabeth Woodville kept some of her dower properties and when she was present, she always took precedence. Even Margaret Beaufort had to walk behind her as the older woman was Queen Dowager whereas Margaret was just a Countess -a Countess in her own right but a Countess nonetheless. Sir Edward Woodville, Elizabeth of York’s uncle who took after his late eldest brother, was a highly pious and adventurous individual who proved his loyalty many times and was favored. The Catholic Kings themselves spoke very finely of him after his death. The set of ordinances that Edward IV had made for princes and that Anthony Woodville had supervise for Elizabeth’s brother, Prince Edward, was kept and used for Arthur’s upbringing. And Elizabeth herself was not left behind.
“Like her parents, Elizabeth was a patron of William Caxton and his successor at the Westminster printing press, Wynkyn de Worde.” (Weir)
Furthermore, as Queen, she ruled over her own court and her own properties (some of which had previously belonged to her aunt, Isabel, Duchess of Clarence).
As for Henry, this was also a personal triumph. Born to Margaret when she was thirteen (a birth that scarred her immensely. She would have no more children). Given as a ward to William Herbert who was given his uncle Jasper’s earldom of Pembroke, and raised to be the perfect Yorkist to neutralize the threat he might pose in the future, he was then sent into exile after the Lancastrian Readetion failed and every member of the royal house was eliminated. Henry lived in a period of uncertainty, danger, and now it was all over. He was King. And he could also boast of having one important advantage. Many royal couples did not have the luxury of getting to know one another. They were married to this person or that, and whether or not they liked each other, they were expected to fulfill their duties.
Being King was a realization of his ambitions, and rewarded his supporters well. He allowed for Elizabeth’s maternal family to be present. Sir Edward Woodville especially was the epitome of chivalry, and he proved himself in battle many times. He also rewarded his immediately family such as his uncle Jasper and his uncle and childhood playmate, David Owen (his grandfather’s illegitimate son) who had been made commissioner of the peace in Sussex and was married off himself to a wealthy heiress. Henry also had the advantage of getting to know his bride (a luxury many royals did not have).
Fortunately, Henry did no have this problem. In the five month period that they waited for the dispensation to come, the two got to know each other. So when they walked down the aisle, they were not complete strangers.
After the ceremonies ended, came the consummation. Elizabeth proved herself an exemplary Queen, living by the virtues of the day and this, as well as her fertility, made her well-remembered and loved. She would not be crowned until the following year, after “she proved herself” by giving Henry a male heir that autumn, less than nine months after their marriage. Given the speed in which they conceived, it is possible that the marriage could have been consummated before (since being betrothed was as good as being married. And the pope had given his approval, they knew it was only a matter of time before the bull came). But there is also the possibility that Arthur could have been premature.
Henry and Elizabeth’s marriage would remain strong, and the two would later rely on the other when tragedy came.
Elizabeth of York The Tudors’ Forgotten Queen by Amy Licence
Elizabeth of York: A Tudor Queen and her World by AlisonWeir
Tudor by Leanda de Lisle
Blood Sisters by Sarah Gristwood
Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses and the Rise of the Tudors by Dan Jones
15th century, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, January, Tudors, Wars of roses15th century, Elizabeth of York, Henry VIII, Tudor House, Tudors, wars of the roses, Wedding
GLORIANA’S CORONATION
The Countdown is officially over! The day has come when we remember Elizabeth I’s coronation:
Queen Elizabeth I by Unknown artist. National Portrait Gallery.
On Sunday, January 15 1559 Elizabeth Tudor was crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey.
The day began after Elizabeth made her way from the Tower of London, dressed in crimson parliament robes walking on blue cloth which had been laid for her all the way to the Abbey. The Spanish Ambassador, Feria, refused to be present but the Venetian Ambassador,Schifanoya was there and he reported everything he saw. According to him and other contemporary accounts, as Elizabeth made her way to the Abbey, there were stages erected for her that depicted once again her noble lineage through her father and his parents, and included Henry VIII’s collections of tapestries -especially one depicting the Acts of the Apostles based on the designs by Raphael. This symbolized the late Tudor monarch’s devotion and Bess further emphasized hers after she emerged from a curtained sector where she changed into her new clothes, and then was led by the Bishop of Carlisle to the stage where she was proclaimed Queen.
The customary question was asked. If the people would like Elizabeth to be their Queen or not, and the people cried “Yea, yea!”. Then the trumpets sounded, the organs were played and the bells rang and Elizabeth and the Bishop descended to the altar where she knelt before it to hear the sermon and then took the oath.
After this was said and done, she withdrew to the traverse to change for the final part in the ceremony, the anointing. She emerged wearing a kirtle of gold and silver. Prostrating herself before the altar, leaning on cloth of gold cushions, she was anointed on the shoulders, breast, hands, arms and forehead.
Elizabeth I played by Anne-Marie Duff in the BBC mini-series “Virgin Queen” (2005)
With her hair hung loose and clothed in gold from head to toe, she was crowned looking every inch of a Queen and the icon she would later be revered.
Three crowns were placed on her head, after which she was completely arrayed in gold and to everyone who was there, she seemed indeed, seemed not human but like a golden figure, an icon, almost god-like as her father always tried to appear.
Elizabeth ever the pragmatist, had intended to create a hybrid of the Protestant Church her brother had enforced on the population and the Marian Catholic reformed Church her sister had also tried to enforce. As Starkey explains:
“It was now time of the coronation mass, which followed, with Elizabeth’s personally enforced innovations. The Epistle was read twice, first in Latin and then in English…. Then the bishop brought the Gospel. This too was read twice, in the old liturgical language and again in the Tudor vernacular, which has, to us, become almost as remote, beautiful and hieratic as the Latin. Elizabeth now repeated her gesture of the day before and kissed the Bible -and, it is safe to guess, the English one.”
Furthermore Jasper Ridley adds in his respective biography of Elizabeth:
“After he [Bishop of Carlisle] had crowned her, a Mass was held in Latin; but the celebrant, her chaplain, spoke the words of consecration in English and did not elevate the Host.”
The Coronation pardon was then given and the Queen traveled from Westminster Abbey to the Palace Great Hall to enjoy her coronation banquet. As she passed the great crowds, she greeted them with that same smile from her accession and it won them over again.
“She still wore the heavy weight of the crown and carried the orb and scepter. She was smiling broadly and greeted joyfully by the thousands who pressed up to congratulate her.” (Starkey)
Elizabeth was now the new undoubted Queen, her coronation had been a complete success.
Elizabeth: The Struggle for the Throne by David Starkey
Elizabeth I by Jasper Ridley
Tudor by Leanda de Lise
countdown to her coronation, Elizabeth I, January, Tudors16th century, Coronation, Elizabeth I, Tudors
14 JANUARY 1559: ELIZABETH’S GLORIOUS PROCESSION
Elizabeth’s procession. A day away from her coronation, she began her progress and was met with glorious pageants.
On the eve of her coronation, Elizabeth Tudor left the Tower of London at three o’clock in the afternoon to start her procession. She was carried in a litter, and rode through London, telling her men to stop at every pageant she encountered to appreciate the artistry behind them.
The streets she passed and five pageants are as follow:
Gracechurch Street –The first pageant that greeted Elizabeth referred to Elizabeth’s genealogy. Her Tudor forefathers, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and was compared to the latter who was praised for bringing unity and peace when she married Henry VII.
Cornhill -A stage was erected where it depicted Elizabeth’s government governed by the four virtues: True Religion, Love of Subjects, Wisdom and Justice.
Soper’s Lane -The Beatitudes were orated for her ‘”lessed are the poor, Blessed are the meek. Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness’ sake”. An allegory to Elizabeth’s plight at the hands of her sister.
Little Conduit, Cheapside -This pageant also attacked her sister, calling her reign “a decayed commonwealth” and portraying Elizabeth’s future one as a “flourishing” one. Further jest and jabs were made when Mary’s motto ‘Truth the daughter of time’ was deconstructed as Time’s daughter emerged carrying an English Bible which was labelled “Word of Truth” and pointed towards Elizabeth, symbolizing her as the true daughter of time and truth.
Fleet Street -This pageant delivered the most powerful tribute to Elizabeth, depicting her as the powerful prophetess Deborah.
After her eldest sister, Elizabeth was the second Queen Regnant in the history of England, and the third in the British Isles. The iconography in each of these pageants is amazing. Dan Jones who wrote the Wars of the Roses and the Rise of the Tudors, talks about how the Tudors invented a mass propaganda machine to turn the war into their favor, and symbolize that their rise to power was pre-ordained. Elizabeth’s ascendance therefore, used the same type of spectacle her grandfather and founder of their dynasty, used.
Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Elizabeth I’s paternal grandparents.
“At the corner of Fenchurch Street and Gracechurch Street a large stage was erected across the street, “vaulted basements and built on “on the lowest stage was made one seat royal, wherein were placed two personages representing King Henry the Seventh and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of King Edward the Fourth … not divided but that the one of them which was King Henry processing out of the House of Lancaster was enclosed in a red rose, and the other which was Queen Elizabeth being heir to te House of York enclosed with a white rose … Out of the which two roses sprang two branches gathered into one, which were directed upward to the second stage … wherein was placed one, representing the valiant and noble prince King Henry VIII.” (Starkey)
After she thanked the performers she turned to the people gathered around her who, as always, were eager to catch a glimpse of their new monarch. Elizabeth Tudor had always been a pragmatic, witty, and highly intelligent young woman. With her smile she had won over hundreds, now it won her the popular acclaim of the entire city.
Elizabeth played by Cate Blanchett in “Elizabeth” (1997)
“At Cheapside she smiled happily when someone called out to her ‘Remember King Henry VIII’ … and at Conduit (also in) Cheapside, she saw one of the performers holding up a copy of the English Bible which people had been imprisoned for reading in the days of old King Henry VIII. She asked what that boo was, and when they told her that it was the English Bible, she said that she would oftentimes read over that book’. She asked to have that book … When she received it, she took it in both hands and pressed it to her breast.” (Ridley)
After she reached the city limits at Temple Bar, another child came. Like the child who handled her the bible and she rewarded him with a kind gesture of devotion to the new religion, Elizabeth did the same, as the poem depicted her as Deborah -the mighty and indomitable biblical woman who fervently defended her people and fought the heathens. Elizabeth was the people’s chosen Queen, the blood of Lancaster and York united. Two roses from which sprung the glorious Tudor House, now produced from their descendant Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (who was depicted gloriously as Henry’s rightful Queen), their next monarch, Elizabeth I.
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn played by Damien Lewis and Claire Foy. They were an integral part of their daughter’s coronation procession. They were presented in a glorious light.
“Henry sat at his second wife, Anne Boleyn and on the stage above them sat a final figure representing Elizabeth I herself “crowned and apparelled as the other princess were.” The whole pageant was garnished with red roses and white and in the forefront of the same pageant in a fair wreath was written: ‘The Uniting of the two houses of Lancaster and York.'” A great play was made on Elizabeth’s name: like Elizabeth of York who brought unity to the realm through her marriage, it was explained he new Elizabeth would “maintain the same among her subjects.”” (Jones)
The people gathered would have had public access to these plays and seen these beautiful images. There is no question that the union between the Houses of Lancaster and York was a brilliant device crafted by her grandfather that gave England the illusion of peace and it worked so well that it protected him and his heirs throughout their kingdom. Threats remained -they always would, no matter what the dynasty- but this imagery was so evocative that it became the official language of history and monarchy. Now we know that the red rose was not the official Lancaster symbol, and that both sides used white roses; however we must see these symbols in the context of when they were used and how they were used.
Elizabeth’s coronation progress is one of the most symbolic royal progresses. Everyone was mesmerized, and Elizabeth returned their joy by these small acts of kindness, and made contact with every man and woman she encountered. At the last pageant there was a poor woman who had nothing great to give her except a sprig of rosemary and she was probably fearful that Elizabeth would not accept it, but she did and she was seen holding it firmly in her hands until she reached Westminster. Her next great moment, the one she had been waiting and wishing for secretly during her sister’s reign would come the following day, on Sunday January 15 when she would return to Westminster to be crowned.
Wars of the Roses and Rise of the Tudor Dynasty by Dan Jones
16th century, Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth I, Elizabeth of York, Henry VII, Henry VIII, January, Wars of roses16th century, Coronation procession, Elizabeth I, Elizabeth of York, Henry VIII, Lancaster House, Tudors, wars of the roses, York House
12 JANUARY 1559: Elizabeth prepares for her upcoming coronation
Elizabeth played by Lalla Ward in “Crossed Swords”.
We are doing a countdown to Elizabeth I’s coronation so we start with January 12. On the twelfth of January Elizabeth lodged on the Tower of London, preparing for her upcoming coronation. She and her train passed through the most important streets of London and Westminster until reaching their final destination. She followed the protocol described in Liber Regalis -A royal manual for such occasions.
“In short, the processions was -and was designed to be- a test of the sovereign’s popularity. Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth’s mother, barely passed. Henry VIII had spared no expense and everywhere there were his and Anne’s initials or cipher, ‘HA’, laced by a lover’s knot. But the women especially hated the flashy mistress made good and as she passed mocked her by crying out, ‘Ha, ha!’, in parody of her royal cipher. That, at least, is what Chapuys, Anne’s inveterate enemy, claimed. But Elizabeth, Anne Boleyn’s daughter, passed her test with flying colors.” (Starkey)
Previously, two months ago when she received word of her sister Mary I’s death, tradition had it that she was sitting on an oak tree as her namesake and great-grandmother Elizabeth Woodville had been when she met the dashing King, Edward IV. Upon receiving the regal ring, Elizabeth told the messenger citing from the Psalm 118:
“This is the Lord’s doing; it is marvelous in our eyes”
After years of struggling, and being at the heart of intrigue, Elizabeth’s time had come. The reign of Gloriana was about to begin.
countdown to her coronation, Elizabeth I, England, January, Tudors16th century, Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth I, pre-coronation, Tudors
Death & Rebirth: The Celebration of Katherine’s Death
In the “Tudors” Anne and Henry joyfully celebrate, however it is only Anne that wears yellow, deviously showing off her smile and mirth for Katherine’s death while Henry shows himself a bit sad. In reality it was the complete opposite. There is no record of how Anne felt. According to Hall and others she wore yellow, according to Chapuys she didn’t.
On the day of Katherine’s death, a letter was sent to her husband which expressed her true feelings regarding his reformation and his other actions which she stressed that he should repent, but furthermore she pleaded with him that he should look after their daughter and that in spite of his treatment of her, she still loved him and that she would always be in the eyes of God his true wife. She signed the letter ‘Katherine the Quene’. Some romanticists like Tudor chronicler and propagandist Polydore Vergil, attest that once Henry finished reading the letter, he went down on his knees and cried. In the “Tudors” this is exactly what happens while in another scene we see Anne flashing her cat-like smile, deviously concocting ways to celebrate her dreaded rival’s passing. As beautiful as this image sounds, it is largely fictional.
Edward Hall and Chapuys corroborate the story that Henry wore yellow and threw as many masquerades and jousts to celebrate his first wife’s death on the eighty or ninth of January (depending on the source). But it’s only Chapuys who lays the blame entirely at Henry’s doorstep . Even if Anne had worn yellow, she would have done so to please her husband. Henry had more reason to celebrate Katherine’s death than Anne.
He declared on one of the feasts that he was deeply overjoyed because Katherine’s death meant the threat of war was over. (This was wishful thinking on his part. Although some were encouraging the Emperor to invade on his aunt and cousin’s behalf, Katherine had no desire to see more blood spilled on her adoptive country in her name. She had said so to Chapuys two days before her death, on his last visit.)
“Thank God, we are now free from any fear of war, and the time has come for dealing with the French much more to our advantage than herefore, for if they once suspect my becoming the Emperor’s friend and ally now that the real cause of our enmity no longer exists I shall be able to do anything I like with them.” (Henry VIII)
The color yellow which has been commonly associated with Spanish mourning, was in fact a symbol of rebirth. Henry was making a statement. By showing off his wife and his daughter Elizabeth, he was emphasizing their positions and his: Anne as his true wife, Elizabeth as his heir apparent, the true Princess of England while his eldest daughter remained a product of incest, a bastard. And himself as the head of the Church and the unchallenged sovereign of the realm, its supreme ruler.
Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII, January, Katherine of Aragon, Tudors16th century, Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII, Katherine of Aragon, Tudors
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En Español | Fri Jul 19, 2019 00:01
Nicaragua » About Nicaragua » News Headlines » IX International Poetry Festival of Granada is announced
IX International Poetry Festival of Granada is announced
Part of the official banner of the festival.
Authors from around the world will meet in February in honor to the poet Ernesto Cardenal.
"Poetry is the song of the cosmos", is the motto of the ninth International Poetry Festival of Granada, to be held in the colonial city from February 17th to February 24th of 2013, in honor to the poet Ernesto Cardenal (1925). 130 poets from 70 countries, including Nicaragua, already confirmed their attendance. This information was provided today during the announcement conference held this morning in Managua.
The Poetry Festival, organized each year in the historic Granada since 2005, has evolved to become the most renowned art event in the country, and it has contributed to project Nicaragua internationally in the field of poetry. According to its president, the poet Francisco de Asis Fernandez, now is the largest festival of its kind in the world, thanks to the number of invited poets, the diversity of spaces intervened and the massive presence of the public.
The 2013 festival will pay tribute to the poet, sculptor and priest Ernesto Cardenal, born in Granada, for its international significance and contribution to American literature, organizers said. Cardenal is known for developing the art among rural communities in Solentiname archipelago. This year he was awarded the Prize for Poetry Queen Sofia of Spain, and in 2009 had already obtained Ibero-American Poetry Prize Pablo Neruda from Chile. His poetry has been translated into more than 20 languages.
Financial support is requested
During the conference, the speaker board members called on the national government, the National Assembly (Congress), private enterprise and friendly governments to financially support the event, as the foundation "has had great and very serious economic problems to continue next years", Hernández literally said.
The poet explained that only in the flight tickets for the poets and guests and the daily logistics of the festival, the investment is more than $400,000 (US dollars). Currently, the event has the financial backing of several embassies, the European Union, the Nicaraguan Tourism Board (INTUR) and several private companies. However, Hernandez said they need more funds to meet the requirements of a large event like this festival.
International Book Fair during Festival
Each year, the festival consists on various activities like reading tables, conferences, concerts, visits to neighboring cities, open mic spaces, a book fair, craft fair and carnival expressions crowded with folkloric dance performances samples from various regions of the country. According to organizers, since its inception the event has gathered more than a thousand poets from 106 countries of the world, and has been visited by over 450 thousand people.
Luz Marina Acosta, in charge of the book fair held during the festival, reported that during the 2013 festival, the activity will become the 17th edition of the International Book Fair of Central America (FILCEN), which is conducted annually in the region. For the fair, 25 Latin American publishing companies are interest on participating, and organizers expect various Nicaraguan publishers that will be invited to participate to join the festival.
Organizers and special guests during the conference.
Translated by Cynthia Cordero
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The Displaced: Refugee Writers Ariel Dorfman & Viet Thanh Nguyen on Migration, US Wars & Resistance
Posted on May 4, 2018 Leave a comment →
Amy Goodman of Democracy Now! interviews Ariel Dorfman and Viet Thanh Nguyen on such topics as asylum seekers in the US today.
As dozens of migrants from Central America remain camped out at the U.S.-Mexico border attempting to seek asylum in the United States, we spend the hour with two of the nation’s most celebrated writers, both refugees themselves. Viet Thanh Nguyen was born in Vietnam in 1971. After the fall of Saigon in 1975, he and his family fled to the United States. He is the author of three books, including “The Sympathizer,” which won the Pulitzer Prize, and he teaches at the University of Southern California. He is also the editor of a new collection titled “The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives.” We are also joined by the Chilean-American writer Ariel Dorfman, who has been described as one of the greatest Latin American novelists. Forty-five years ago, he fled Chile after a U.S.-backed coup displaced President Salvador Allende. Dorfman had served as Allende’s cultural adviser from 1970 to 1973. Living in exile, he became one of Gen. Augusto Pinochet’s most vocal critics, as well as a celebrated playwright and novelist. Dorfman, who teaches at Duke University, has just published a new novel, “Darwin’s Ghosts,” and a new collection of essays titled “Homeland Security Ate My Speech.” He also contributed an essay to “The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives.”
For the original interview, click here.
This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form.
AMY GOODMAN: More than 70 migrants from Central America remain camped out at the U.S.-Mexican border attempting to seek asylum in the United States. They were all part of a month-long caravan that brought refugees fleeing violence in Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala to the U.S. border. Organizers say 158 members of the caravan have already crossed the border, where their asylum requests will be processed. But experts predict most of the asylum applications will be rejected.
President Drumpf has repeatedly railed against the asylum seekers. In one recent tweet, the president wrote, “Getting more dangerous. ‘Caravans’ coming.”
The standoff at the U.S. border comes as a new report shows the number of refugees, especially Muslim refugees, has plummeted since President Drumpf’s election. Between October and the end of March, just 10,500 refugees entered the United States. A year earlier, nearly 40,000 refugees entered during that same period—four times more.
Well, today we spend the hour with two of the nation’s most celebrated writers, both refugees themselves.
Viet Thanh Nguyen was born in Vietnam in 1971. After the fall of Saigon in 1975, he and his family fled to the United States. He’s the author of three books, including The Sympathizer, which won the Pulitzer Prize. He’s also the editor of a new collection titled The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives. He teaches at the University of Southern California.
We’re also joined by Chilean-American writer Ariel Dorfman, who’s been described as one of the greatest Latin American novelists. Forty-five years ago, he fled Chile, after a U.S.-backed coup displaced President Salvador Allende. Dorfman had served as Allende’s cultural adviser from 1970 to 1973. Salvador Allende died in the palace as the Pinochet forces rose to power on that other September 11th, 1973. Living in exile, Ariel Dorfman became one of General Pinochet’s most vocal critics, as well as a celebrated playwright and novelist. Dorfman, who teaches at Duke University, has just published a new novel, Darwin’s Ghost, and a new collection of essays titled Homeland Security Ate My Speech. He also contributed an essay to The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives.
Viet and Ariel, we welcome you both to Democracy Now! It’s a great honor to have you with us. Viet, let us begin with you. In this era of President Drumpf, as President Drumpf and Vice President Pence head to Dallas today to speak at the National Rifle Association, and this caravan that President Drumpf has railed against has made it to the U.S.-Mexico border, the participants lawfully applying for asylum one by one, your thoughts?
VIET THANH NGUYEN: I think they have the right to do that. The United States has been meddling in the southern countries south of the border for a very long time, and would rather think about these people as undocumented immigrants or people who are trying to invade this country, when in fact questions of immigration are totally related to U.S. foreign policy and U.S. drug policy and things like this that the United States would rather disavow. So I think it’s a powerful political protest that’s bringing to visibility the human crises that are taking place around these efforts for people to move.
AMY GOODMAN: In your book The Displaced, you write in the introduction, “I was once a refugee, although no one would mistake me for being a refugee now. Because of this, I insist on being called a refugee, since the temptation to pretend that I am not a refugee is strong.” Talk about this.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, I think this is a country that values immigrants. Even people who don’t like immigrants like the idea of immigrants wanting to come to this country, because it affirms how great this country is supposed to be, the narrative of the American dream. Refugees are a very different problem, if you want to call them that. They’re unwanted where they come from. They’re unwanted where they come to. And they don’t fit into the narrative of the American dream. Those refugees who actually make it here to this country and become successful, I think, find it easier to call themselves immigrants, because when you introduce yourself as a refugee at a cocktail party, it really kills the conversation. If you call yourself an immigrant, then people want to know about your American dream story. But refugees bring up these ideas of migrants at the border, of people on boats, and many Americans just do not relate to that.
AMY GOODMAN: Talk about your own refugee story.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, I was born in Vietnam in 1971. And in 1975, when Vietnam fell, or was liberated, depending on your point of view, my family became refugees. And my memories really start after we make it to the United States and we were put in one of four refugee camps in this country. In our case, it was Fort Indiantown Gap in Pennsylvania. And my memories begin with being taken away from my parents. So, in order to leave the camp, you had to have a sponsor. One sponsor took my parents, one sponsor took my 10-year-old brother, one sponsor took 4-year-old me. And so, that’s why I still think of myself as a refugee, because that experience has been branded on me.
AMY GOODMAN: And how does that affect your life here in the United States, now a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, a professor at University of Southern California, chair of—what’s the name of the department?
VIET THANH NGUYEN: I’m the Aerol Arnold chair of English, which does not mean I’m the actual chair of the department, thank God. But, well, I mean, how it’s affected me has been that I refuse to call myself an immigrant. I’m often called an immigrant writer. My books are called—you know, The Sympathizer was called an immigrant novel, and I said, “That’s absolutely wrong.” I’m a refugee. This is a refugee novel, a war novel. And I insist on that, because I think it’s so important for people who are—who have been refugees to assert these kinds of identities, so we can continue to talk about the difference between refugees and immigrants, and the necessity to empathize with refugees, which is, I think, very important for both former refugees and writers to do.
AMY GOODMAN: You talked about refugees so often being the victims of U.S. policy, foreign policy. So, for example, this caravan of immigrants has—and refugees, has come up from Honduras and Guatemala, El Salvador, as well. Talk about that connection to the United States.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, one of the essays in The Displaced is by Reyna Grande, who came as an undocumented immigrant. And I wanted her to write so that we could have this conversation about what the difference is between an undocumented immigrant and a refugee. A refugee is an official classification. And the U.N. says there are about 22 million refugees in the world right now, but about 66 million displaced people of various kinds. So when you become officially classified as a refugee, the U.N. says you have certain kinds of rights. So it’s in the interest of the United States not to call certain kinds of people refugees. Now, these people are moving for all kinds of various reasons, but sometimes they’re moving because of wars of certain kinds—drug wars or actual shooting wars and things like that—that the United States has had a role in. And so, to call some of these people refugees is an important political move to illuminate why it is that the United States might have some moral, ethical and political responsibility towards them.
AMY GOODMAN: We’re talking to Viet Thanh Nguyen, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author. He wrote The Refugees, or edited this book. One of the people who contributed to The Refugees [sic] is our next guest, after break, Ariel Dorfman. The book—oh, the latest book is called The Displaced. Stay with us.
AMY GOODMAN: “Bang Bang” by Vietnamese musician Thanh Lan. This is Democracy Now! I’m Amy Goodman. Before we go to Ariel Dorfman, the best-selling author, playwright, poet, activist, author of Darwin’s Ghosts and Homeland Security Ate My Speech and contributor to Viet Thanh Nguyen’s book The Displaced, I have to ask you about that song, “Bang Bang,” which features prominently in your earlier book, The Sympathizer, Viet.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, I grew up in this Vietnamese refugee community, and I would often attend Vietnamese weddings. And the Vietnamese people are really into pop music. And, you know, it’s a Western import, but they’ve made it their own. So, there’s been a big French influence in Vietnamese popular music. And I, you know, grew up going to these weddings, where you would always hear Vietnamese, French and English-language pop and rock songs. And “Bang Bang” was one of those. And when I wrote The Sympathizer, I really wanted to incorporate a lot of the music that I heard into the novel.
AMY GOODMAN: So, Ariel Dorfman, it was great to see you reading from your new novel last night, Darwin’s Ghosts, and we’ll try to get to that in this hour. But I wanted to talk to you about your essay in Viet’s latest book, The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives. First tell us your refugee story.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Well, it’s longer and more complicated than Viet’s, because it starts, of course, with my grandparents, who had to flee the pogroms of Romania, Russia, and the situation in Russia, so they came to Argentina. Then my dad had to leave, because the military were persecuting him in 1944, to the United States. I had to follow him. Then McCarthy began to persecute my dad here in the United States in 1954. Then we went to Chile. I thought I would be there forever. In Chile, there was a coup. I had to leave Chile for Europe. Then I wandered around the world and ended up in the States. And one of the things that traumatizes me now, sincerely, Amy, is that I thought that, in some sense, this couldn’t happen again, and I find it happening all over again in some very strange authoritarian way. So, I have been a refugee several times over. I personally prefer, because I’m so elitist at times, the term “exile,” because I think it also speaks to the fact that not everybody in the world is a refugee, but everybody is in exile from someplace, everybody is distanced from someplace. So I sort of emphasize that a lot. But I feel an enormous sympathy for those who have lost everything and who move across these borders.
Now, in that essay that I contributed there, I take a sort of tongue-in-cheek thing about Drumpf’s wall, saying, “You’ll build your wall”—or, I say, of course, he’s not going to build, he can’t possibly build it—”but we’re already here.” And I use it through Latin American food, saying the food is in supermarkets, it’s everywhere. And there’s only one place in the world where every Latin American food can be found in one place, and that’s the United States. So, instead of celebrating the fact that this country—you know, if you go to São Paulo, Santiago de Chile or Mexico City, you can’t find Brazilian food next to Colombian food next to food from El Salvador. But in the United States, you can do that. So it turns out that this is an enormous strength and wonder of the country. So, Drumpf can eat his tacos, you know, all he wants, but the fact is, we’re already here. And I like the idea of smuggling ourselves across the border, which, by the way, of course, is a border which was created by a U.S. invasion of Mexico.
AMY GOODMAN: Maybe a way to convince President Drumpf to try to stop his efforts at building this wall is to say, “You’re going to be keeping all these refugees in.”
ARIEL DORFMAN: Well, no, I think that it’s more—you know, you spoke about Darwin’s Ghosts, and one of the things that I’m really very interested in is—this is my novel, right?—is finding a way in which you can take voices of those who have—of those countries that have been invaded by the U.S. and by the Western powers. If you think about the last 500 years, since 1492, basically, but before that, there’s an expansion of the West into every, every, every country in the world—in Asia, Africa, in Latin America, including, of course, Vietnam, right? And when you think of the fact that many of the people from those countries are the ones who come here to this country, because of its attraction—right?—economic and freedoms, in a way, what is happening is, we have to think of how do those voices, those lives, those dreams come back to haunt us. And as a writer, what I like is to take those voices, that are not voiceless—they speak very strongly—the faces of those people, and bring them into the country and put them inside our own dreams and find out what happens. It’s as if—it’s as if the fabulous of Latin America, which I speak of magical realism, things like that, all of a sudden surfaces inside an American kid.
AMY GOODMAN: And how does that relate to your novel Darwin’s Ghosts?
ARIEL DORFMAN: Well, I mean, in Darwin’s Ghosts, a 14-year-old kid wakes up one morning. He goes down to celebrate his birthday, September 11, 1981, and they take a photograph of him, a Polaroid. His dad works at the Polaroid factory. And instead of his face being there in the photograph, the face of a native of some sort from across some part of the Third World—we don’t know where—is plastered onto that face. And from that moment onward, he is haunted by that face, but not haunted only in the sense—
AMY GOODMAN: And each time they take his picture that day, that face.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Each time—each time, from that day, that face appears over and over and over again. So you can say that, in a sense, the past—and some terrible crime has been committed against the man who is in that photograph, that so-called savage. He takes over the life and the face and the identity, and forces this young, typical American kid to face what his own country has been doing in these countries. In a sense, it’s almost as if I had taken that whole “Third World” and all of a sudden thrust it straight into the mirror of American life, and taken American innocence and saying, “No, you can’t be that innocent. You’re going to have to face what was done in your name a hundred years ago,” and done in France, done in Berlin. And it’s all related to human zoos, which is another topic which is very central to the story.
AMY GOODMAN: Explain.
ARIEL DORFMAN: So, you know, in the 19th century, as colonialism rose all over the world, and Europe expanded, very, very drastically, not everybody could go and visit these countries and see these exotic “savages,” these natives.
AMY GOODMAN: People who are listening on the radio can’t see that you’re using air quotes.
ARIEL DORFMAN: I’m sorry, I can’t do my quotation marks about “savages,” right? I mean, but they were called savages as such, right? And they’re exotic. They’re strange. They’re creatures from who-knows-where—from Thailand, from Patagonia, from Africa.
AMY GOODMAN: I mean, when we were together last night at Barnes & Noble, just down the street is the Museum of Natural History, where—
ARIEL DORFMAN:Right, they have dioramas.
AMY GOODMAN: —they displayed Inuits.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Right.
AMY GOODMAN: Live people.
AMY GOODMAN: Inside.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Right. But this was—these were human zoos. These people were kidnapped from their native lands in Africa, in Latin America, in Asia, and even the American Prairie Indians were brought. And they were displayed in zoos, and millions of people, as if in reality shows, would go there. They would throw bananas at them. They would speak about them. And many of them, in fact, were subjected, especially in the case of Patagonians, to experiments by scientists, who were trying to find the missing link in the Darwinian chain of evolution, thinking that these were an inferior form, a dehumanized form of—a dehumanized form of humanity—right?—that they were lower forms of humanity.
So, the idea behind this is, we are going to find out that one of those photographs, the man whose photograph is being plastered on the face of this young American kid, in fact, was a captive in a human zoo in Europe. And the ancestors of this typical American kid, one group from France and one group from Germany, have directly to do with the capture and the photography of that subject. So, it’s the coming to life of that man.
And what do we do with the past? What do we do with those people who have been hurt by our ancestors? How do we deal with that? And, of course, behind that is the whole idea that I have about America, America being innocent about its past. I think that until we—until Americans deal—and I feel myself an American in that sense, very proudly so, as a Chilean American, Argentine American—I feel I’m a Vietnamese American, I feel these are all the possibilities. Until we deal with what the country has done, we will not be able to go into a truly perfect union, because we’re denying and erasing the past. And I think Drumpf is the incarnation—really, incarnation—and the excrement of that denial of the past.
So, my novel, in this case, very specifically, is trying to take the most innocent kid you can imagine, who everybody can identify, every—most Americans can identify, and saying, here comes this captive, somebody who was taken across a border against his will, like slaves have—right?—and so others have, or like Viet himself—he didn’t want to come here necessarily, he was just brought here, right?—and force us to look into what that life means, and also ask how we can forgive ourselves and forgive the past, because I don’t think that it’s a question always of revenge and of anger. There’s a gentleness that we have to find in our relationship. Those people who are coming across the border, supposedly invading us, are the result of multiple invasions of their lands in the past and of very specific forms of drug wars and wars in their countries right now, which the United States has sponsored.
AMY GOODMAN: That’s Ariel Dorfman, who knows what U.S. intervention and invasions mean, having been forced out of Chile as a result of the CIA-backed coup, the Nixon-backed, Kissinger-backed coup, that took out the president of Chile in 1973. Ariel Dorfman was cultural adviser to the Chilean President Salvador Allende, who went down and died in the palace in Santiago, September 11, 1973, on the first day of that coup.
Viet, your book, The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives, your previous books, remarkable. There are so many quotes from your books. You write, “To become a refugee is to know, inevitably, that the past is not only marked by the passage of time, but by loss—the loss of loved ones, of countries, of identities, of selves. We want to give voice to all those losses that would otherwise remain unheard except by us and those near and dear to us.” And in a previous book, in your book Nothing Ever Dies, you write, “All wars are fought twice, the first time on the battlefield, the second time in memory.” Explain.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, I grew up in a Vietnamese refugee community in the 1970s and 1980s in San Jose. And it was clear to me that just because the war was declared over in 1975, it wasn’t really over. These people had lost everything. They lost relatives, property, careers, identities, selves. They felt that they had lost their country. And I grew up surrounded by people who were constantly telling stories filled with anger and sadness and rage and bitterness and melancholy. But for most Americans, when they heard the Vietnamese refugees speak, all the Vietnamese refugees ever said in English was “Thank you for saving us.” And I know that there are Vietnamese refugees who will say in private, “The United States betrayed us,” but they won’t say that in public in English. And so, this was the environment that I grew up in.
And I was also someone who was watching all these American movies of the Vietnam War, because I was an American boy. And it was clear in these movies that Hollywood was fighting America’s wars all over again. So the war wasn’t over for Americans either. And I’ve gone around this country, speaking to many kinds of American audiences. I’ve met many Americans of the generation of the war, whether they were soldiers or antiwar protesters or just people observing on TV. And for many of these people, the war remains a defining moment of their generation. And for them, the war hasn’t ended either.
So, a lot of my work is not just about the Vietnam War, but about situating the Vietnam War in a much longer history of warfare, whether it’s from the Vietnamese perspective or from the American perspective, where I see the Vietnam War as just being an episode in a long history of American intervention overseas—Philippines, Korea, Japan, China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. And Iraq and Afghanistan and the rest of what’s happening in the Middle East are really extensions of these policies.
AMY GOODMAN: You talk about immigrants being more reassuring than refugees. And you say, “refugees are the zombies of the world, the undead who rise from dying states to march or swim toward our borders in endless waves. An estimated 60 million such stateless people exist, 1 in every 122 people alive today. If they formed their own country, it would be the world’s 24th largest—bigger than South Africa, Spain, Iraq or Canada.”
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Bigger than France, too, to put it in another perspective. And I call them “the zombies of the world” because I think many people don’t think of refugees as human, and they’re not really oftentimes depicted as human in media reports. Again, we just see images of refugees suffering on boats, dying and so on. And of course it’s important to show these kinds of images in order to elicit pity and sympathy and maybe try to change policy, but it also reinforces this idea that refugees are somehow less than us, when in reality refugees are people who are just like us until these calamitous situations displace them. And Americans, I think, in particular, have a hard time imagining empathy for refugees, because we just can’t imagine that we might be a country that produces refugees—except we have Puerto Rico, except we have Hurricane Katrina. But we isolate those, and we forget about those, and we don’t think of those issues—those people as being refugees.
AMY GOODMAN: You wrote an eloquent piece right after Donald Drumpf was elected president, that went viral. Talk about your concerns at the time, well over a year ago, and what you feel now.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, I think that for many people like me, we were stunned and shocked and in a state of crisis, as we tried to figure out what this election of Donald Drumpf meant. And it was at one time, you know, a call for mobilization and resistance. But, for me, it was also a time to think about what it is that the Drumpf presidency represents. And, for me, it’s impossible to think about that without thinking about President Obama.
Many people, Americans, are stunned by President Drumpf, and asking, “How can this happen?” Well, it’s not a surprise. You know, Drumpf represents American instincts that have been with us since the founding of this country. You know, this is a country founded on slavery and on genocide. That’s a part of the American character. That’s a part of American history. Many of us would want to deny it or forget it. And President Drumpf brings this to the foreground, because he’s basically the president of a new, emergent kind of white identity politics that’s always been with us, except it never called itself white. It simply called itself American, right?
But President Obama has a role to play in this, because these are the two facets of the American character: Obama and inclusion, on the one hand, Drumpf and exclusion, on the other. They’ve always been with us. Now, the issue is that if we get wrapped up in a domestic discussion about Obama versus Drumpf, we forget that President Obama himself also tends to represent some of the worst instincts of the American character overseas, in terms of the continuing exertion of American imperial power. And having a president that is as nice and as articulate and as intelligent as President Obama didn’t really change these kinds of American imperial policies.
AMY GOODMAN: And, of course, at home, to his own shock, some of his closest immigrant rights allies ended up calling him the “deporter-in-chief.” He deported millions and millions and millions of immigrants to this country.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: President Clinton, President Obama, despite their rhetoric and despite their praise of certain kinds of inclusionary attitudes towards refugees and immigrants and minorities and women and so on, yes, they were responsible for various kinds of policies that had negative impacts on minority populations and on immigrant and refugee populations. And those of us who consider ourselves to be progressives and on the side of greater social equality, greater inclusion, really have to hold everyone responsible, regardless of their party affiliations.
AMY GOODMAN: Well, Ariel Dorfman, you also wrote a piece after Donald Drumpf was elected president. “Now, America, You Know How Chileans Felt.” We’re going to talk about that in a minute.
AMY GOODMAN:Ludwing van Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” this one performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. This is Democracy Now!, democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report. We are joined by two remarkable refugees. Ariel Dorfman, best-selling author, playwright, poet, activist, new book is Darwin’s Ghosts, a novel, before that, a book of essays, Homeland Security Ate My Speech: Messages from the End of the World. And we’re joined by Viet Thanh Nguyen, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Sympathizer, now has written a book called The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives. So, “Ode to Joy” was carefully chosen for you, Ariel.
ARIEL DORFMAN: I know. I was very moved by that. This is the song that we would sing in the streets of Santiago, when we would say, “We dream of a different world.” And people would sing this literally as the tear bombs fell—the gas fell on us, the batons, where they’d beat us up. They put us in jail. They exiled us. They did terrible things to us. And people of Chile—
AMY GOODMAN: You’re talking about that other September 11th, 1973.
ARIEL DORFMAN: No, I’m talking about the fact that during 17 years after September 11th, 1973, very slowly, the Chilean people organized, took over the streets, took over the country, and finally got rid of the dictator in a nonviolent revolution. We defeated Pinochet. Pinochet also defeated us, because the neoliberal policies continued on and on and on and on. And his legacy is always there, so memory is very important to me in that sense, as well. But this is the hymn that people would sing in the streets of Santiago as they were being beaten by the police, saying, “We dream of a world where someday we will all be brothers, we will all be sisters,” right? So it moves me enormously. It took me a while for me not to—not to sort of let tears—I’m very sentimental about these things.
AMY GOODMAN: You have related—after the election of Drumpf, you related it to the CIA-backed coup that took out the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende back in 1973. Explain.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Right. Well, I mean, what I said in that New York Timespiece was, basically, “You know, America, you are now, legitimately, speaking about how the Russians intervened in your elections, right? But it turns out that this is policy of the United States, has been intervening in elections everywhere, including democratic Chile, where they helped to overthrow the government by using some of the exact same tactics, except, of course, there was no social media, right?” But the CIA used very, very similar methods of trying to intervene and to change the way in which people voted, thought, dreamt, worked, acted.
So I’m saying, “You know, America, one of the things that this is a great opportunity for you to ask yourselves—well, you don’t like the Russians intervening in your elections. Maybe it’s time for you to stop intervening in other people’s elections.” And also—I didn’t even mention that there—I mean, you know, Russia was invaded by the United States after the revolution of 1918. U.S. troops were on Russian soil, fighting along with the British, the French, just about everybody else, to try to destroy that revolution, which, in great measure, is one of the reasons why the Russian revolution turned so sanguinary itself—
AMY GOODMAN: Which means?
ARIEL DORFMAN: —as a reaction to that. Meaning—no, meaning there was an enormous amount of repression inside Russia itself in order to save itself from this invasion.
I’m just saying, the important thing is that this intervention of the Russians in the U.S. election should not be only a case of lamentation about, oh, how terrible this is, oh. You know, it doesn’t stop there. You have to look inside the United States and say, “OK, if it’s wrong for the Russians to intervene in the U.S. election”—and it’s certainly wrong—”it’s wrong for any country to intervene in the sovereign affairs of another nation.” We should allow other nations to decide their fate. It’s very, very important for that to happen. Then we should find out what our role, the role of the United States, has been in overthrowing Iran—I mean, everywhere that they’ve intervened. In Iran, they got rid of Mosaddegh. In Guatemala, the get rid of Árbenz, who was a democratically elected president, and it ended up, millions of Mayan Indians being killed. I could go on and on and on, on about this. So, it’s very important that when we look at these situations, we put them in the context of things the United States has done, because it would allow the people of the United States to say, “You know what? We don’t like what is being done to us. We should stop doing it the same.” Going back to my novel, again, if you don’t like an indigenous person taking over your face, you should face the fact of what has been done to indigenous people all over the world in your own name.
AMY GOODMAN: That’s Ariel Dorfman. His latest book is a novel. It’s called Darwin’s Ghosts. You know, I really do believe that our role as journalists is to go to where the silence is. But, Viet, when we go there, it’s often not silent, it’s very noisy. It’s just that it doesn’t hit the corporate media radar screen. You have often talked about how you don’t like the idea of, as a refugee writer, being called the voice of the voiceless.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Yeah, I think people mean that as a compliment, but it’s not really a compliment. Number one, it’s very inaccurate, as you say, you know? Vietnamese people, for example, if you hang out in any Vietnamese household or restaurant, or go to Vietnam, we’re really, really loud. And those of us who are writers are put in a very—you know, writing about Vietnamese people or any other minority population, are put in a very difficult situation, because, obviously, we just want to be writers, we want to tell our stories, but the media, if we become hot, will cast us as the voice for the voiceless. And I know that there have been voices for the voiceless before me and that there will be voices for the voiceless after me. And all it really means is that the audience just wants to hear one person speak for an entire community. They don’t want to hear the chorus of voices, or the cacophony of voices, as the case might be with Vietnamese people. And true justice, when it comes to speech, would be when we don’t have voiceless people, not when we have more voices for the voiceless. Having more voices for the voiceless is a temporary measure, but achieving situations where everybody has their voice heard would require a radical reorganization of our society.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Viet, you know, one of the things that I’ve always said is, “I’m not the voice of the voiceless. They’re not voiceless. We’re not listening.” We’re just not listening to them.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Yeah.
ARIEL DORFMAN: There are millions of wonderful stories out there. Now, if we’re privileged enough to have a voice of our own, we try to find a way of creating a certain space for those voices—right?—so those voices can be heard. But, you know, basically, we tell love stories, we tell betrayal stories, we tell stories about everyday people, and we hope that some of the voices will seep through. But as activists, all we’re trying to do is create a space where those voices can be heard, because they exist.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: They’re oftentimes in the media of the local communities. There’s like a very vibrant Vietnamese-language press, Vietnamese-language pop culture, which I tried to empathize in The Sympathizer with those songs. And they’ve made their own industries, right? But they’re the—again, corporate America just doesn’t hear in Vietnamese. And it’s very frustrating.
ARIEL DORFMAN: But also they’re exotic.
ARIEL DORFMAN: That whole idea of the exotic, of that they’re different. And so, you know, you go to a Vietnamese restaurant to have Vietnamese food, but you don’t understand that that is related to a whole culture behind that.
AMY GOODMAN: Your life is a lesson to everyone in this country, Viet. I mean, here you are, chair of English, comparative literature, American studies and ethnicity at the University of Southern California. English wasn’t even your first language.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: No, it wasn’t my first language. And I don’t know. I mean, it’s really weird. I don’t know how I learned English. My parents knew some English, but they weren’t going to teach me English. So I just owe thanks to some incredible teachers, when I was 4 or 5 or 6, who taught me English. And I just emerged in English. It’s a troubled relationship, you know, because English, even though not my first language, is basically my native language. And it’s a language in which I understand American history and American culture. It’s a language in which I understand when people say, “Go back to where you came from.” And I can’t go back to where I came from. And I have to use English to fight back. And it’s a powerful tool, but it’s also a sign of my colonization, as well.
AMY GOODMAN: Last night, I heard you in conversation at the New York Public Library, Viet, speaking with Arundhati Roy, who was our guest yesterday, the great writer from India. This is the first time the two of you are meeting. This is the first time Viet Thanh Nguyen and Ariel Dorfman are meeting.
ARIEL DORFMAN: The first time I gave him a hug, but we’ve been talking on email back and forth.
AMY GOODMAN: A different kind, those virtual meetings—
ARIEL DORFMAN: Right, exactly.
AMY GOODMAN: —that have constituted so much of our lives.
ARIEL DORFMAN: This is a virtuous meeting.
AMY GOODMAN: From virtual to virtuous.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Yes, exactly.
AMY GOODMAN: And you, Ariel, contributed an essay in The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives, that is Viet’s book.
ARIEL DORFMAN: It’s a wonderful book, the book that he has brought together wonderful voices, really. And some of those voices, I had no idea that had existed even. So that—you know, he did not take the most famous, let’s say, refugees. He took some people who are prominent, and he took others who are very unknown, I think, to the mainstream. And that indicates that what Viet is doing is he’s doing what he says should be done. He’s not just speaking it. You know, it’s not rhetoric on his part.
AMY GOODMAN: From Burma to Syria, from Thailand to Bosnia. Do you each have a question for each other?
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, you know, it’s really interesting for me to interview people like Arundhati Roy and then talk to Ariel Dorfman and realize—it’s very inspirational that people have been carrying this on for years and years and years. And last night I asked Arundhati Roy, “Is it exhausting to be a writer who’s constantly engaged and committed?” And she said, “No, it’s exhilarating.” And I thought, “That’s a great answer.” And I want to pose that to you: Do you find it exhausting or exhilarating to be in your situation?
ARIEL DORFMAN: I find it—I find it exhilarating, but I’m a bit tired, I must tell you, because I’m a bit older than Arundhati—I’m considerably older than you are, right?—and I’ve been doing this for a very long time. And I feel that my time has come now to write the novels, especially—I mean, Darwin’s Ghost is a love novel. I’m very interested in love stories now, because I think it’s very important that we understand how that love and a woman—especially I’m interested in empowering women in the stories, right? So, I feel as if that’s my major concern now. Drumpf has forced me to write about the unique situation of belonging in two cultures, in that sense. But I do find it—I find that it gives me hope. It gives me hope to find a space where the pain that I have endured and that others have endured of my community, which is an enormous community, right? All the refugees of the world, or all the neglect—all the dead of history, I feel as if, are my brothers and sisters in that sense. I feel that to have done that gives a certain meaning to my life, in that sense.
And maybe that can—I can turn that into a question in relation to yourself, because you’re very modest. And I think what’s interesting is how you have turned that English—let me ask you this: How is your English different from the typical American English that we read? I mean, how are you changing the language, the language itself, which is, after all—this is what we live for, right? We live to change that language, to play with it. You’re very playful, which I love, you know? And we already had this conversation when we were editing that book, right? How does what you write change the language? You came here, and the language, in some way, American English, English in general, that global, will never be the same, because of what you’re writing.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, I think all immigrants and refugees who come here feel the same—who want to become writers, feel the same dilemma, which is that English—
ARIEL DORFMAN: Not only writers, everybody changes it
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Everybody, everybody.
ARIEL DORFMAN: Right, right, right.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: But, you know, we, as writers, have a different relationship to the language—
VIET THANH NGUYEN: —because we understand that language is—was what is used to exclude us, to demonize us, to prepare us to be killed, and language is a way to humanize us and to resist at the same time. And, for me, I always felt this burden that, as an Asian American, as someone from Asia, I’m not expected to speak English or to speak it well, so there was always a huge opportunity here for me to disprove that and, even more than that, to prove that I could be better at English than people who were born here and who claim American identity. And so, that does lead to a relationship to the language that is playful, because I want to be able to look at the language from the inside as well as the outside, as an alien from the language, and, that way, to maybe possibly do something different with the language that other people who are completely native in it may not see. And so, that’s really what happens in The Sympathizer, for example, where I put the language through its paces and really try to push it to its extremes. But in terms of doing things like writing op-eds for The New York Times or The Washington Post, I think simply being present there in these organs of mainstream mass media, writing in English, is itself, I hope, a kind of statement, especially with a name like mine, which I’ve always refused to change.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: You know, when my parents became citizens, they asked me—and they changed their names. They asked me, “Do you want to change your name?” And I thought—
ARIEL DORFMAN: To Tommy, for instance, right, yeah.
VIET THANH NGUYEN: Well, in my mind it was, “Hmm, Troy?” So you laugh. This is not going to work. And so, for whatever reason, I just resisted. I could not ever change my name, because I think it—that was my psychic connection to Vietnam, but also my statement of defiance, as well.
ARIEL DORFMAN: But do editors ever try to say, “This is too strange”? You’re writing this—because they say that to me all the time. They say, “This is a little bit romantic, Ariel. It’s a little bit exaggerated.” You know, ¡Soy latinoamericano, carajo! I am Latin American, as well. And I want that to invade the language.
AMY GOODMAN: Well, we’re going to have to leave it there, but we’re going to continue the conversation and post it online at democracynow.org. Yes, Viet Thanh Nguyen, for whom English was not his first language, won the Pulitzer Prize for his book The Sympathizer. He’s also the author of Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War. His latest book is called The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives. And Ariel Dorfman, his new book, Darwin’s Ghosts, and his essay book, Homeland Security Ate My Speech.
On Saturday, I’ll be speaking in Catonsville, Maryland, at the Catonsville Presbyterian Church on the 50th anniversary of the anniversary of the Catonsville 9 protesting the Vietnam War. Check it out at democracynow.org.
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Elementary Particle Physics
Medical Physics Group
Plasma Physics (CFSA)
Impact Funding
Example case study list from REF 2014
External Staff Based in Physics
The Pendulum - Departmental Newsletter
Physics A to Z
Dr. Mark J. Hadley
Heretical views
Provocative views of modern physics
My work questions the current orthodoxy and examines the foundations of theoretical physics. But make no mistake, my work is based on a knowledge experimental results and understanding of current theories. Apart form the exposé of string theory, I have given a couple of provocative talks to our Physics department. It must be stressed that these talks are directed at a scientific audience! They are both making serious points, but are not dismissing current science as wrong.
Quantum theory - the worst scientific theory of all time?
While quantum theory is definitely correct. It has never given incorrect predictions and it has been tested to enormous precision. Indeed it is probably the most successful scientific theory ever in terms of its predictive power and usefulness. I am not questioning any of these facts.
The purpose of the talk is to emphasise the degree to which quantum theory explains very little. It gives probabilistic results for the calculations, but says nothing about any underlying reality.
What is worse, is that its very success has restricted searches for a deeper understanding. Indeed it is widely believed that a search for a deeper theory is not possible or maybe not meaningful. For over 50 years research has been suppressed - in a way that has not been seen since the Catholic Church enforced theories of cosmology and creation
You can download the slides - though they were primarily intended to prompt the speaker!
Parity Violation - the biggest scientific blunder of the 20th century?
The experiments that showed parity violation were superb and rightly deserving of praise. They were thought provoking, but in fact served to confirm a theoretical proposition. But several interpretations of the results are possible, Scientists have latched on to one set of conventions. That is not necessarily helpful. What is far worse is that the possibility of other consistent explanations is suppressed, it does not appear in the books or scientific literature. (by contrast different ways of representing electric and magnetic fields are well documented.)
String Theory - are you fooled by the PR machine?
You may be forgiven for thinking that string theory describes elementary particles as oscillating strings, and that these strings exist in a 10 (or more) dimensional space that consists of the 3 space dimensions that we experience plus 7 more (plus a time dimension). That appealing view of string theory is fed to all the popular science journals and even in scientific meetings of international repute. But it is wrong. Such a description is contrary to experimental facts and is inconsistent with quantum theory.
It is quite easy to confidently describe the popular view of string theory as wrong, in the same way that most cranky "explanations" of quantum theory or alternative theories can be dismissed by a cursory examination. We now know that quantum theory cannot be described by any local hidden variables theory. This is a theoretical fact because quantum theory violates Bell's inequalities and also from the Kochen-Specker theorem. It is also an experimental fact because the violation of Bell's inequalities has been confirmed by numerous experiments such as those of Alain Aspect.
A string that really existed in space would describe a trajectory as it passed through any experiment. We might not know the coordinates and it might have some hidden degrees of freedom, such as the higher dimensions, but these unknowns are local hidden variables. You might consider how the string passes through a two slit experiment, could it pass through one slit and still know about the other? Could two small strings that had real x,y and z coordinates reproduce the EPR correlations that are such a distinctive feature of quantum theory? No, they could not.
So what are the strings in string theory? what are elementary particles? and where are the extra dimensions? I am open to responses from string theorists - email me
As far as I can tell string theory describes particle wavefunctions not the particles themselves. The wavefunctions are like probability distributions that can be used to calculate probabilities of the outcomes of experiments. Put your hand on a dartboard! there is a probability function over the board, and your hand !! that gives the probability of the dart landing in any one spot - what does it feel like? A dart is thrown and hits your thumb - feel the difference. (incidentally, this provides an example of wavefunction collapse - once it hits your thumb you can describe the probable position much more acurately and hence the probability function has collapsed to a point - the point of the dart).
And the extra dimensions? they are not real space time coordinates but points in the phase space that is needed to generate the probability wavefunctions. This is common to quantum theory and classical theory where a probability function may depend on 3 space coordinates, but could easily depend upon far more parameters. The probability of scoring from a penalty may depend upon where the ball was hit, (x,y,z) and the velocity of the kick (x,y,z,Vx,Vy,Vz) and maybe the temperature or viscosity of the air etc etc. In a similar way the EPR experiment can only be described fully by a wavefunction that depends upon 6 coordinates (the x,y and z coordinates of each particle). The nonlocality of quantum theory is precisely because it cannot be expressed as the product of two separate functions. In the same way the formulation of string theory requires more than three parameters in its phase space.
String theory has nothing to say about what an elementary particle is. The question that has driven science for centuries - the quest to understand the ultimate building blocks of Nature has largely been lost by the end of the twentieth century. The success of using wavefunctions to predict where a particle could be found, has somehow displaced the question of "What is a particle"
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“One of the things that comes out in myths… is that at the bottom of the abyss comes the voice of salvation. The black moment when the real message of transformation is going to come. At the darkest moment comes the light.”
Joseph Campbell: The Power of Myth
In his studies of the classic myths (e.g. Beowulf), and their modern counterparts (e.g. Star Wars) Joseph Campbell shows that the story almost always follows a predictable trajectory. At one point the hero is severely tested: he falls off his horse, loses his sword, and is lying face down in the mud as the fire-breathing dragon hovers above him. But then, somehow, he miraculously finds a way to slay the dragon, remounts his horse, rescues the damsel in distress, and they ride off into the sunset to live happily ever after.
This is also, to quote the title of a book by my friend and business school professor Michael Ray, “the path of the everyday hero.” That means you and me. Adversity often creates defining moments in our lives, gives us the opportunity to be an everyday hero. The adversity might be one searing moment as in a car crash, or it might drag out over time, as in the failure of a business or a marriage. But as a result, we are forever changed. For the everyday hero (including you and me), that change can be positive and it can be permanent.
Here are some of the ways hitting one of life’s brick walls can serve as a Great Divide that marks a powerful change in our self-identity:
From victim to visionary: Victims are rooted in the past, their frame of reference defined by things that have happened to them or been done to them. Visionaries are rooted in the future, their frame of reference defined by their dreams and the work they can do to achieve them. You can be a victim or you can be a visionary, but you can’t be both.
From entitled to empowered: The entitled mindset expects someone else to do things for you because you deserve them; the empowered mindset knows that you must do the work yourself. No one can empower you but you, because loaned empowerment is not the real thing.
From complainer to contributor: Complainers whine about bad things that have happened to them, or about good things they think they deserve but that have not happened to them. Contributors focus their emotional energy on solving problems and helping others. The drunk who becomes an AA sponsor has made the transition from complainer to contributor – and been personally transformed in the process.
From greed to gratitude: One of the most remarkable, and paradoxical, ways that having their world turned upside down for some people is that their perspective changes from “what’s in it for me?” to “what can I do to share my blessings with others?” Adding to the paradox, people who make that mind shift are almost always happier.
From Midas to Appleseed: King Midas wanted everything he touched to turn to gold, and his wish was granted. He starved to death because you can’t eat gold. Johnny Appleseed devoted himself to planting trees that he himself would never see grow much less eat apples from. One of the things I’ve observed in my conversations with people who have survived significant adversity, and grown stronger as a result, is that they become more generous with both their time and their money.
From gardener to forester: Gardeners are focused on harvesting and consuming or selling the next crop; foresters are focused on nurturing the woods for future generations. Some of the most significant changes in the world have come about as a result of the work of people whose focus was on passing along a better world to their children and their children’s children.
From wishful to positive: Wishful thinking is hoping for something and waiting for someone else to make it happen for you. Positive thinking is expecting something and then doing the work to make it happen yourself. There’s nothing like getting knocked down by life to teach you the value of being a self-reliant positive thinker.
That which doesn’t kill you will make you stronger, Nietzsche famously said. It’s a paradox of adversity – by knocking you to your knees adversity will, if you survive it, help you stand taller on your feet. There will be life before and life after, and no going back. You cannot change what’s already happened – whether or not what comes next is positive and productive will be determined by you.
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Home > Solutions > Catholic Men’s Religious Accreditation
Accreditation and abuse prevention for orders and congregations.
Praesidium has been selected to serve as the accrediting body for Catholic men’s religious orders and congregations in the United States since 2004. More than 130 Institutes, representing 90 percent of Order Priests and Brothers in the United States, have attained Praesidium Accreditation® and our work has been presented to the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life at the Vatican.
Praesidium’s Standards for Accreditation cover three areas:
Prevention standards review how new members are screened, educational programs for initial and ongoing formation, systems of support and accountability, and how the Institute manages internal reports of potential boundary violations.
Responding standards review the Institute’s response to reports of suspected abuse and the role of external review boards.
Supervision standards review the management and supervision of a member who is known to have abused a minor.
Contact us to learn more about our services or to begin the accreditation process in your religious community.
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Safety Bulletin Blog
An employee sexual harassment policy is focused on preventing and responding to employee sexual harassment and discrimination. An abuse prevention policy is focused on keeping children, consumers, vulnerable, and elderly in your programs safe from sexual, physical and mental abuse. Ensuring strong policies for both can keep you, your staff,…
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Remember When Jason Aldean Made His Grand Ole Opry Debut?
Paul Hawthorne, Getty Images
Jason Aldean is one of the biggest superstars in country music, but he was just a young artist looking for a break when he debuted on the Grand Ole Opry on May 13, 2005.
Aldean hadn't even released his self-titled first album when he made his debut on the hallowed Opry stage. The freshman artist performed two songs from that project, "Hicktown" and "Why." "Hicktown" was already in release at country radio, and would eventually peak at No. 10 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart. He released his debut album in July of 2005.
"I’m excited to be able to perform on the same stage that so many artists who I look up to have played on before," Aldean said at the time. "It’s an honor to have been asked to play on the Grand Ole Opry."
See Pictures of Jason Aldean in Concert
Aldean has since built a career as one of the biggest artists in country music, and he routinely performs in the biggest arenas and stadiums in the country. But he still likes to perform on the more intimate stage at the Opry, something he feels is important.
"It’s still a cool thing to go and do. Anytime you’re up there on that stage and you’re in that circle, you start thinking about everybody that’s been there," the superstar tells Radio.com.
"It’s definitely something that’s still relevant and something I think that’s important for us to keep that tradition going. You never know, at some point that will probably be home to a lot of us, where we’ll be playing there a lot. Hopefully at the end of our careers, later on down the road, there’ll be a few of us over there still carrying the torch."
What Makes Jason Aldean Ugly Cry?
Next: Jason Aldean's Having a Baby!
Source: Remember When Jason Aldean Made His Grand Ole Opry Debut?
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Brown Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
The Brown Scapular and Fatima
While the crowd were seeing the miracle of the sun on 13 October, the children saw various apparitions involving St Joseph and the Child Jesus, Our Lady in a blue and white mantle, and Our Lady of Dolours. These have usually been interpreted as representing the mysteries of the Rosary, but they also saw a final apparition of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
Lucia describes how she saw this last apparition of Our Lady holding a brown scapular, so we find the brown scapular intimately associated with Fatima. She later said: “The Rosary and the Scapular are inseparable,” and “all Catholics should wear the Scapular as part of the Fátima message.”
Our Lady and the Brown Scapular
The Brown Scapular is a sacramental worn around the neck. It was given to St Simon Stock, of the Carmelite Order, by Our Lady, in England, in the 13th century. She said to him:
“This will be for you and for all Carmelites the privilege, that he who dies in this will not suffer eternal fire.”
The Scapular promise is based on the two elements of Mary’s spiritual maternity and her mediation of grace, that is that she is the “spiritual” mother of all mankind, as well as the “channel” by which all grace comes to us from God.
This promise implies that Mary will intercede to ensure that the wearer of the Scapular obtains the grace of final perseverance, that is of dying in a state of grace, and this privilege has now been extended to all Catholics who are enrolled in the Scapular.
St Simon Stock and The Brown Scapular
The Brown Scapular originated in England. In the thirteenth century, during the time of the Crusades, Simon Stock went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land where he met a group of hermits on Mount Carmel. These claimed to be the successors of Elijah and his followers, and, Simon return ed with them to England when the situation became too dangerous in Palestine because of the Saracens.
Simon was eventually elected Superior-general of the Carmelites, but he faced many problems and withdrew to his monastic room or “cell”—probably at Cambridge by this time—in order to pray to Mary; it was then that he had his famous vision of her bringing the Brown Scapular to him with the following words, which are preserved in a fourteenth century narrative: “This will be for you and for all Carmelites the privilege, that he who dies in this will not suffer eternal fire.”
The Popes and the Brown Scapular
Over the centuries, the Scapular has been enriched with many indulgences and privileges by numerous popes, including Sixtus IV, Gregory X, Clement VII, Clement X, Leo XI, Leo XIII, St. Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI, and Pius XII. Popes Clement VII and Clement X decreed that all who wear the scapular participate in a special manner not only in the fruits of the spiritual works of the Carmelites, but also in all the good done throughout the entire Church.
By the 17th century the Brown Scapular was well known among Catholics, due in great part to the popes of the 16th and 17th centuries, who promulgated the Sabbatine Privilege and approved the Confraternity of the Scapular for all dioceses, thus allowing any Catholic to benefit from wearing the Scapular as a way of honouring Our Lady.
Pope Benedict XV (1914-22), addressing seminarians in Rome said:
“Let all of you have a common language and a common armour: The language, the sentences of the Gospel – the common armour, the Brown Scapular of the Virgin of Carmel which you ought to wear and which enjoys the singular privilege and protection after death.”
In 1951, Pope Pius XII wrote a letter to the Carmelite major superiors to celebrate the 700th anniversary of St Simon Stock’s vision, saying:
“There is no one who is not aware how greatly a love for the Blessed Virgin Mother of God contributes to the enlivening of the Catholic faith. … In the first rank of the most favoured of these devotions that of the Holy Carmelite Scapular must be placed.”
Pope John Paul II & The Brown Scapular
This picture shows Karol Wojtyla, the future Pope John Paul II as a young factory worker in Poland, wearing his brown scapular.
When he was shot and operated on in 1981, he apparently told doctors not to remove the brown scapular he was wearing, such was his devotion to it.
Speaking about the Scapular on 25 March 2001 he said:
“..the most genuine form of devotion to the Blessed Virgin, expressed by the humble sign of the Scapular, is consecration to her Immaculate Heart. …The Scapular is essentially a “habit”. Those who receive it are associated more or less closely with the Order of Carmel and dedicate themselves to the service of Our Lady for the good of the whole Church. …
“Two truths are evoked by the sign of the Scapular: on the one hand, the constant protection of the Blessed Virgin, not only on life’s journey, but also at the moment of passing into the fullness of eternal glory; on the other, the awareness that devotion to her cannot be limited to prayers and tributes in her honour on certain occasions, but must become a “habit”, that is, a permanent orientation of ones own Christian conduct, woven of prayer and interior life, through frequent reception of the sacraments and the concrete practice of the spiritual and corporal works of mercy.’
The Sabbatine Privilege
By the mid-fourteenth century the wearing of the Scapular spread to the laity, and gradually over the centuries it has gained in popularity, particularly following the promotion of the “Sabbatine Privilege” by various Popes. This is an idea which grew out of a deepened understanding of the promise originally made to St Simon, and essentially involves the idea that Mary will intervene to help those who have worn the Scapular before death and now find themselves in purgatory, particularly on a Saturday, the day traditionally dedicated to her.
According to a Papal Bull of John XXII, Our Lady appeared to him and said of those who wear the Brown Scapular, that:
“I, the Mother of Grace, shall descend on the Saturday after their death and whomsoever I shall find in purgatory I shall free so that I may lead them to the holy mountain of life everlasting.”
Certain conditions are attached to this promise:
Firstly, that the individual should continuously wear the Brown Scapular, and that they should observe chastity according to their state in life, whether married or single.
The other condition which most usually applies today is that they should, with permission of a priest, say five decades of the rosary daily. (Previously it had been necessary to say the Little Office of Our Lady or abstain from meat on Wednesdays and Saturdays).
So all that is needed to benefit from all these privileges is to obtain a scapular, have it blessed by any priest and then get enrolled in the scapular confraternity. There are prayers for the blessing of the scapular, and for enrolment, below.
When the scapular breaks, is worn out, or is lost, you simply get a new one. You do not have to be enrolled again.
The Brown Scapular as a Sacramental
The Brown Scapular is one of the most highly indulgenced and privileged sacramentals of the Church, as well as one of the most ancient. But more than that, it is a sign of consecration to the Blessed Virgin and a powerful aid to salvation which she herself has recommended in a special way for our times.
A sacramental is, “a sacred sign which bears resemblance to the sacraments, and by means of which spiritual effects are signified and obtained through the prayers of the Church.” (CCC 1667).
In the case of the scapular, the sacred sign is the scapular itself and the spiritual effect is the protection of one’s soul through the prayers of Mary, as she promised in the vision to St Simon Stock.
Sacramentals, such as holy pictures or icons, statues, medals, holy water, blessed palms, and indeed the scapular, are means that dispose one to receive the chief effect of the sacraments themselves, which is a closer union with Jesus.
The Blessing and Enrolment in the Scapular, to be done by a priest
Blessing of the scapular:
“O Lord Jesus Christ, Saviour of mankind; by Thy right hand sanctify this scapular (these scapulars) which Thy servant(s) will devoutly wear for the love of Thee and of Thy Mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel; so that, by her intercession, they may be protected from the wickedness of the enemy and persevere in Thy grace until death; Who livest and reignest for ever and ever.”
(The priest now sprinkles the Scapular with Holy Water.)
The priest lays the Scapular over one shoulder of the person to be enrolled and says:
“Receive this blessed Scapular and ask the Most Holy Virgin that, by her merits, it may be worn with no stain of sin and may protect you from all harm and bring you into everlasting life.” (The person replies: “Amen”)
The Priest continues:
“By the power granted to me, I admit you to share in all the spiritual works performed, with the merciful help of Jesus Christ, by the Religious of Mount Carmel; in the name of the Father and of the Son, + and of the Holy Spirit. May Almighty God, Creator of heaven and earth, bless + you whom He has been pleased to receive into the Confraternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel. We beg her to crush the head of the ancient serpent in the hour of your death and, in the end to obtain for you a palm and the crown of your everlasting inheritance. Through Christ Our Lord.”
(the Person replies “Amen” – The priest now sprinkles them with Holy Water.)
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United States, United Kingdom, Canada,
Battle of Okinawa
Part of World War II, the Pacific War
A Marine from the 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines on Wana Ridge provides covering fire with his Thompson submachine gun, 18 May 1945.
1 April – 21 June 1945
Okinawa, Japan
Allied victory
United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand
Empire of Japan
Commanders and leaders
[1] Simon Bolivar Buckner †Roy Geiger
Joseph Stilwell
Chester W. Nimitz
Raymond A. Spruance
Sir Philip Vian
Bruce Fraser
Mitsuru Ushijima †Isamu Chō †
Minoru Ota †
Keizō Komura
183,000[1] 120,000[2]
Casualties and losses
12,513 killed
38,916 wounded, 33,096 non-combat losses Total: 84,570
About 95,000+ killed
7,400–10,755 captured Total: 105,755+
Estimated 42,000–150,000 civilians killed
The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg,[3] was fought on the Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa and was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War of World War II.[4][5] The 82-day-long battle lasted from early April until mid-June 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were approaching Japan, and planned to use Okinawa, a large island only 340 mi (550 km) away from mainland Japan, as a base for air operations on the planned invasion of Japanese mainland (coded Operation Downfall). Four divisions of the U.S. 10th Army (the 7th, 27th, 77th, and 96th) and two Marine Divisions (the 1st and 6th) fought on the island while the 2nd Marine Division remained as an amphibious reserve and was never brought ashore. The invasion was supported by naval, amphibious, and tactical air forces.
The battle has been referred to as the "Typhoon of Steel" in English,[6] [7][8] and tetsu no ame (鉄の雨[9]) ("iron rain"[10]) or kou no kaze (鋼の風[9]) ("steel wind"[10]) in Japanese. The nicknames refer to the ferocity of the fighting, the intensity of kamikaze attacks from the Japanese defenders, and to the sheer numbers of Allied ships and armored vehicles that assaulted the island. The battle resulted in the highest number of casualties in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Japan lost over 100,000 soldiers, who were either killed, captured or committed suicide, and the Allies suffered more than 65,000 casualties of all kinds. Simultaneously, tens of thousands of local civilians were killed, wounded, or committed suicide. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused Japan to surrender just weeks after the end of the fighting at Okinawa.
[hide] *1 Order of battle
1.1 Allied
2 Naval battle
2.1 Operation Ten-Go
2.2 British Pacific Fleet
3 Land battle
3.1 Northern Okinawa
3.2 Southern Okinawa
4 Casualties
4.1 Military losses
4.2 Civilian losses
4.2.1 Mass suicides
4.2.2 Rape allegations
4.3 Suicide order controversy
8.1 Primary sources
Order of battle Edit
Allied Edit
Overall Allied command authority for battle was Task Force 50 (TF 50) (under Admiral Raymond A. Spruance).[11] TF 50 was divided in several groups or sub-task forces:
Fast Carrier Force (TF 58) under Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher with 88 ships (11 fleet carriers, 6 light carriers, 7 battleships, 18 cruisers,...);[11]
British Carrier Force (TF 57) under Vice Admiral Sir Bernard Rawlings with 4 carriers, 2 battleships, 5 cruisers, 14 destroyers and fleet train;[11]
Gunfire and Covering Support Group (TF 54) under Rear Admiral Morton L. Deyo with 10 old battleships, 11 cruisers and 30 destroyers.[12]
Task Force 51 (TF 51; also Joint Expeditionary Force) under Vice Admiral Richmond K. Turner (who was holding position of Commander, Amphibious Forces, Pacific):[13]
Amphibious Support Force (TF 52) under Rear Admiral William H. P. Blandy[13]
TG 52.1: 18 escort carriers with 450 aircraft;[13]
Special Escort Carrier Group: 4 escort carriers with Marine Aircraft Group 31 and 33;[13]
Mine Flotilla (TG 52.2)
Underwater Demolition Flotilla (TG 52.11): ten 100-men UDT aboard a destroyer escort[13]
170 fire support landing craft
Western Islands Attack Group (TG 51.1) under Rear Admiral Ingolf N. Kiland with 77th Infantry Division, 17 attack and attack cargo transporters, 56 LSTs and support vessels;[13]
Northern Attack Force (TF 53) under Rear Admiral Lawrence F. Reifsnider, Commander Amphibious Group 4, aboard USS Panamint (AGC-13) with III Amphibious Corps (Major General Roy Geiger) on 40+ attack and attack cargo transporters, 67 LSTs and support vessels;[13]
Southern Attack Force (TF 55) under Rear Admiral John L. Hall with XXIV Corps (Major General John R. Hodge);[13]
Demonstration Group (TF 51.2) with 2nd Marine Division;[13]
Expeditionary Troops (TF 56) under Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. with Tenth Army.[13]
TF 56 was the largest force within TF 50 and was built around the 10th Army. The army had two corps under its command, III Amphibious Corps, consisting of 1st and 6th Marine Divisions, and XXIV Corps, consisting of the 7th and 96th Infantry Divisions. The 2nd Marine Division was an afloat reserve, and Tenth Army also controlled the 27th Infantry Division, earmarked as a garrison, and 77th Infantry Divisions. In all, the Army had over 102,000 Army (of these 38,000+ were non-divisional artillery, combat support and HQ troops, with another 9,000 service troops),[13] over 88,000 Marines and 18,000 Navy personnel (mostly Seabees and medical personnel).[14] At the start of Battle of Okinawa 10th Army had 182,821 men under its command.[14]
Most of the air-to-air fighters and the small dive bombers and strike aircraft were U.S. Navy carrier-based airplanes. The U.S. Navy sustained greater casualties in this operation than in any other battle of the war.[citation needed]
Although Allied land forces were entirely composed of U.S. units, the British Pacific Fleet (BPF; known to the U.S. Navy as Task Force 57) provided about ¼ of Allied naval air power (450 planes). It comprised a force which included 50 warships of which 17 were aircraft carriers, but while the British armored flight decks meant that fewer planes could be carried in a single aircraft carrier, they were more resistant to kamikaze strikes. Although all the aircraft carriers were provided by Britain, the carrier group was a combined British Commonwealth fleet with British, Canadian, New Zealand and Australian ships and personnel[citation needed]. Their mission was to neutralize Japanese airfields in the Sakishima Islands and provide air cover against Japanese kamikaze attacks.
Japanese Edit
[2][3]Commanders of the Japanese 32nd Army, February 1945The Japanese land campaign (mainly defensive) was conducted by the 67,000-strong (77,000 according to some sources) regular 32nd Army and some 9,000 Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) troops at Oroku naval base (only a few hundred of whom had been trained and equipped for ground combat), supported by 39,000 drafted local Ryukyuan people (including 24,000 hastily drafted rear militia called Boeitai and 15,000 non-uniformed laborers). In addition, 1,500 middle school senior boys organized into front-line-service "Iron and Blood Volunteer Units", while 600 Himeyuri Students were organized into a nursing unit.[15]
The 32nd Army initially consisted of the 9th, 24th, and 62nd Divisions, and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade. The 9th Division was moved to Taiwan prior to the invasion, resulting in shuffling of Japanese defensive plans. Primary resistance was to be led in the south by Lt. General Mitsuru Ushijima, his chief of staff, Lieutenant General Isamu Chō and his chief of operations, Colonel Hiromichi Yahara. Yahara advocated a defensive strategy, whilst Chō advocated an offensive one. In the north, Colonel Takehido Udo was in command. The IJN troops were led by Rear Admiral Minoru Ota. They expected the Americans to land 6–10 divisions against the Japanese garrison of two and a half divisions. The staff calculated that superior quality and numbers of weapons gave each U.S. division five or six times the firepower of a Japanese division; to this would be added the Americans' abundant naval and air firepower.
The Japanese had used kamikaze tactics since the Battle of Leyte Gulf, but for the first time, they became a major part of the defense. Between the American landing on 1 April and 25 May, seven major kamikaze attacks were attempted, involving more than 1,500 planes.
Naval battle Edit
[4][5]USS Bunker Hill burns after being hit by two kamikazes within 30 seconds.There was a hypnotic fascination to the sight so alien to our Western philosophy. We watched each plunging kamikazewith the detached horror of one witnessing a terrible spectacle rather than as the intended victim. We forgot self for the moment as we groped hopelessly for the thought of that other man up there. Vice Admiral C.R. Brown[16] USN Task Force 58, deployed to the east of Okinawa with a picket group of from 6 to 8 destroyers, kept 13 carriers (7 CV and 6 CVL) on duty from 23 March to 27 April and a smaller number thereafter. Until 27 April, from 14 to 18 converted carriers (CVE's) were in the area at all times, and until 20 April British Task Force 57, with 4 large and 6 escort carriers, remained off the Sakishima Islands to protect the southern flank.[17]
Japanese air opposition had been relatively light during the first few days after the landings. However, on 6 April the expected air reaction began with an attack by 400 planes from Kyushu. Periodic heavy air attacks continued through April. During the period 26 March-30 April, 20 American ships were sunk and 157 damaged by enemy action. For their part, the Japanese had lost up to 30 April more than 1,100 planes in the battle to Allied naval forces alone.[18]
Between 6 April and 22 June, the Japanese flew 1,465 kamikaze aircraft in large-scale attacks from Kyushu, 185 individual kamikaze sorties from Kyushu, and 250 individual kamikaze sorties from Formosa. When U.S. intelligence estimated 89 planes on Formosa, the Japanese had approximately 700, dismantled or well camouflaged and dispersed into scattered villages and towns; the U.S. Fifth Air Force disputed Navy claims of kamikaze coming from Formosa.[19][clarification needed] The ships lost were smaller vessels, particularly the destroyers of the radar pickets, as well as destroyer escorts and landing ships. While no major Allied warships were lost, several fleet carriers were severely damaged. Land-based motorboats were also used in the Japanese suicide attacks.
The protracted length of the campaign under stressful conditions forced Admiral Chester W. Nimitz to take the unprecedented step of relieving the principal naval commanders to rest and recuperate. Following the practice of changing the fleet designation with the change of commanders, U.S. naval forces began the campaign as the U.S. 5th Fleet under Adm. Raymond Spruance, but ended it as the 3rd Fleet under Adm. William Halsey.
Operation Ten-Go Edit
Main article: Ten-gō sakusenThe Japanese battleship Yamato explodes after persistent attacks from U.S. aircraft.Operation Ten-Go (Ten-gō sakusen) was the attempted attack by a strike force of Japanese surface vessels, led by the battleship Yamato and commanded by Adm. Seiichi Itō. This small task force had been ordered to fight through enemy naval forces, then beach themselves and fight from shore using their guns as coastal artillery and crewmen as naval infantry. The Ten-Go force was spotted by submarines shortly after it left the Japanese home waters, and was attacked by U.S. carrier aircraft.
Under attack from more than 300 aircraft over a two-hour span, the world's largest battleship sank on 7 April 1945, long before she could reach Okinawa. U.S. torpedo bombers were instructed to aim for only one side to prevent effective counter flooding by the battleship's crew, and hitting preferably the bow or stern, where armor was believed to be the thinnest. Of Yamato's screening force, the light cruiser Yahagi and four of the eight destroyers were also sunk. In all, the Imperial Japanese Navy lost some 3,700 sailors, including Itō, at the relatively low cost of just 10 U.S. aircraft and 12 airmen.
British Pacific Fleet Edit
The British Pacific Fleet, taking part as Task Force 57, was assigned the task of neutralizing the Japanese airfields in the Sakishima Islands, which it did successfully from 26 March-10 April. On 10 April, its attention was shifted to airfields on northern Formosa. The force withdrew to San Pedro Bay on 23 April. On 1 May, the British Pacific Fleet returned to action, subduing the airfields as before, this time with naval bombardment as well as aircraft. Several kamikaze attacks caused significant damage, but since the British used armored flight decks on their aircraft carriers, they only experienced a brief interruption to their force's objective.[20]
Land battle Edit
[6][7]A map of U.S. operations during the battle.The land battle took place over about 81 days beginning on 1 April 1945.
The first Americans ashore were soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division, who landed in the Kerama Islands (Kerama Retto), 15 mi (24 km) west of Okinawa on 26 March. Subsidiary landings followed, and the Kerama group was secured over the next five days. In these preliminary operations, the 77th Infantry Division suffered 27 dead and 81 wounded, while Japanese dead and captured numbered over 650. The operation provided a protected anchorage for the fleet and eliminated the threat from suicide boats.
On 31 March, Marines of the Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion landed without opposition on Keise Shima, four islets just 8 mi (13 km) west of the Okinawan capital of Naha. 155 mm (6.1 in) "Long Tom"s went ashore on the islets to cover operations on Okinawa.
Northern Okinawa Edit
[8][9]The battleship USS Idaho shells Okinawa on 1 April 1945.[10][11]U.S. Marine reinforcements wade ashore to support the beachhead on Okinawa, 31 March 1945.The main landing was made by XXIV Corps and III Amphibious Corps on the Hagushi beaches on the western coast of Okinawa on L-Day, 1 April, which was both Easter Sunday and April Fools' Day in 1945. The 2nd Marine Division conducted a demonstration off the Minatoga beaches on the southeastern coast to confuse the Japanese about American intentions and delay movement of reserves from there.
The 10th Army swept across[21] the south-central part of the island with relative ease by World War II standards, capturing the Kadena and the Yomitan airbases within hours of the landing. In light of the weak opposition, General Buckner decided to proceed immediately with Phase II of his plan—the seizure of northern Okinawa. The 6th Marine Division headed up the Ishikawa Isthmus. On 13 April, the 2nd Battalion, 22nd Marine Regiment reached Hedo-misaki at the northernmost tip of the island. The bulk of the Japanese forces in the north were cornered on the Motobu Peninsula. Here, the terrain was mountainous and wooded, with the Japanese defenses concentrated on Yae-Take, a twisted mass of rocky ridges and ravines on the center of the peninsula. There was heavy fighting before the Marines finally cleared Yae-Take on 18 April. Isolated pockets of enemy troops put up resistance until they were eliminated by the end of April.
Meanwhile, the 77th Infantry Division assaulted Ie Shima—a small island off the western end of the peninsula—on 16 April. In addition to conventional hazards, the 77th Infantry Division encountered kamikaze attacks, and even local women armed with spears. There was heavy fighting before Ie Shima was declared secured on 21 April and became another air base for operations against Japan.
Southern Okinawa Edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2011)
[12][13]F4U Corsair fighter firing rockets in support of the troops on OkinawaWhile the 6th Marine Division cleared northern Okinawa, the U.S. Army 96th Infantry division and 7th Infantry Division wheeled south across the narrow waist of Okinawa. The 96th Infantry Division began to encounter fierce resistance in west-central Okinawa from Japanese troops holding fortified positions east of Highway No. 1 and about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Shuri, from what came to be known as Cactus Ridge. The 7th Infantry Division encountered similarly fierce Japanese opposition from a rocky pinnacle located about 1,000 yd (910 m) southwest of Arakachi (later dubbed "The Pinnacle").[citation needed]
By the night of 8 April, U.S. troops had cleared these and several other strongly fortified positions. They suffered over 1,500 battle casualties in the process, while killing or capturing about 4,500 Japanese, yet the battle had only just begun, for it was now realized they were merely outposts guarding the Shuri Line.[citation needed]
The next American objective was Kakazu Ridge, two hills with a connecting saddle that formed part of Shuri's outer defenses. The Japanese had prepared their positions well and fought tenaciously. The Japanese soldiers hid in fortified caves. The U.S. forces often lost men before clearing the Japanese out from each cave or other hiding place. The Japanese sent Okinawans at gunpoint out to acquire water and supplies for them, which led to civilian casualties. The American advance was inexorable but resulted in a high number of casualties on both sides.[citation needed] [14][15]Marines pass through a destroyed small village where a Japanese soldier lies dead, April 1945As the American assault against Kakazu Ridge stalled, Gen. Ushijima — influenced by Gen. Chō — decided to take the offensive. On the evening of 12 April, the 32nd Army attacked U.S. positions across the entire front. The Japanese attack was heavy, sustained, and well organized. After fierce close combat the attackers retreated, only to repeat their offensive the following night. A final assault on 14 April was again repulsed. The effort led 32nd Army's staff to conclude that the Americans were vulnerable to night infiltration tactics, but that their superior firepower made any offensive Japanese troop concentrations extremely dangerous, and they reverted to their defensive strategy.[citation needed]
The 27th Infantry Division—which had landed on 9 April—took over on the right, along the west coast of Okinawa. General John R. Hodge now had three divisions in the line, with the 96th in the middle, and the 7th on the east, with each division holding a front of only about 1.5 mi (2.4 km).[citation needed]
Hodge launched a new offensive of 19 April with a barrage of 324 guns, the largest ever in the Pacific Ocean Theater. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers joined the bombardment, which was followed by 650 Navy and Marine planes attacking the enemy positions with napalm, rockets, bombs, and machine guns. The Japanese defenses were sited on reverse slopes, where the defenders waited out the artillery barrage and aerial attack in relative safety, emerging from the caves to rain mortar rounds and grenades upon the Americans advancing up the forward slope.[citation needed] [16][17]A 6th Division Marine demolition crew watches explosive charges detonate and destroy a Japanese cave, May 1945A tank assault to achieve breakthrough by outflanking Kakazu Ridge, failed to link up with its infantry support attempting to cross the ridge and failed with the loss of 22 tanks. Although flame tanks cleared many cave defenses, there was no breakthrough, and the XXIV Corps lost 720 men KIA, WIA and MIA. The losses might have been greater, except for the fact that the Japanese had practically all of their infantry reserves tied up farther south, held there by another feint off the Minatoga beaches by the 2nd Marine Division that coincided with the attack.[citation needed]
At the end of April, after the Army forces had pushed through the Machinato defensive line and airfield,[22] the 1st Marine Division relieved the 27th Infantry Division, and the 77th Infantry Division relieved the 7th. When the 6th Marine Division arrived, III Amphibious Corps took over the right flank and 10th Army assumed control of the battle.[citation needed]
On 4 May, the 32nd Army launched another counteroffensive. This time, Ushijima attempted to make amphibious assaults on the coasts behind American lines. To support his offensive, the Japanese artillery moved into the open. By doing so, they were able to fire 13,000 rounds in support but an effective U.S. counter-battery firedestroyed dozens of Japanese artillery pieces. The attack failed. [18][19]American soldiers of the 77th Division listen impassively to radio reports of Victory in Europe Dayon May 8, 1945.Buckner launched another American attack on 11 May. Ten days of fierce fighting followed. On 13 May, troops of the 96th Infantry Division and 763rd Tank Battalion captured Conical Hill. Rising 476 ft (145 m) above the Yonabaru coastal plain, this feature was the eastern anchor of the main Japanese defenses and was defended by about 1,000 Japanese. Meanwhile, on the opposite coast, the 6th Marine Division fought for "Sugar Loaf Hill". The capture of these two key positions exposed the Japanese around Shuri on both sides. Buckner hoped to envelop Shuri and trap the main Japanese defending force. [20][21]Sugar Loaf Hill (2010)By the end of May, monsoon rains which turned contested hills and roads into a morass exacerbated both the tactical and medical situations. The ground advance began to resemble a World War I battlefield as troops became mired in mud and flooded roads greatly inhibited evacuation of wounded to the rear. Troops lived on a field sodden by rain, part garbage dump and part graveyard. Unburied Japanese and American bodies decayed, sank in the mud, and became part of a noxious stew. Anyone sliding down the greasy slopes could easily find their pockets full of maggots at the end of the journey.[23] Lt. Col. Richard P. Ross, commander of 1st Battalion, 1st Marines braves sniper fire to place the division's colors on a parapet of Shuri Castle on 30 May. This flag was first raised over Cape Gloucester and then Peleliu.On 29 May, Maj. Gen. Pedro del Valle — commanding the 1st Marine Division—ordered Company A, 1st Battalion, 5th Marines to capture Shuri Castle. Seizure of the castle represented both strategic and psychological blows for the Japanese and was a milestone in the campaign. Del Valle was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal for his leadership in the fight and the subsequent occupation and reorganization of Okinawa. Shuri Castle had been shelled by the battleship USS Mississippi for three days before this advance.[24] Due to this, the 32nd Army withdrew to the south and thus the marines had an easy task of securing Shuri Castle.[24][25] The castle, however, was outside the 1st Marine Division's assigned zone and only frantic efforts by the commander and staff of the 77th Infantry Division prevented an American air strike and artillery bombardment which would have resulted in many casualties due to friendly fire.
The Japanese retreat — although harassed by artillery fire — was conducted with great skill at night and aided by the monsoon storms. The 32nd Army was able to move nearly 30,000 men into its last defense line on the Kiyan Peninsula, which ultimately led to the greatest slaughter on Okinawa in the latter stages of the battle, including the deaths of thousands of civilians. In addition, there were 9,000 IJN troops supported by 1,100 militia, with approximately 4,000 holed up at the underground headquarters on the hillside overlooking the Okinawa Naval Base in the Oroku Peninsula, east of the airfield. On June 4, elements of the 6th Marine Division launched an amphibious assault on the peninsula. The 4,000 Japanese sailors — including Admiral Minoru Ota — all committed suicide within the hand-built tunnels of the underground Naval headquarters on 13 June. By 17 June, the remnants of Ushijima's shattered 32nd Army were forced to the far south of the island, where he prepared for a final stand.
On 18 June, Gen. Buckner was killed by enemy artillery fire while monitoring the forward progress of his troops. Buckner was replaced by Roy Geiger. Upon assuming command, Geiger became the only U.S. Marine to command a numbered army of the U.S. Army in combat. He was relieved five days later by Joseph Stilwell.
The last remnants of Japanese resistance fell on 21 June, although some Japanese continued hiding, including the future governor of Okinawa Prefecture, Masahide Ota.[26] Ushijima and Chō committed suicide by seppukuin their command headquarters on Hill 89 in the closing hours of the battle. Col. Yahara had asked Ushijima for permission to commit suicide, but the general refused his request, saying: "If you die there will be no one left who knows the truth about the battle of Okinawa. Bear the temporary shame but endure it. This is an order from your army Commander."[27] Yahara was the most senior officer to have survived the battle on the island, and he later authored a book titled The Battle for Okinawa.
Casualties Edit
Military losses Edit
[22][23]The last picture of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., right, the day before he was killed by Japanese artillery on 19 June 1945U.S. losses were over 62,000 casualties of whom over 12,500 were killed or missing. This made the battle the bloodiest that U.S. forces experienced in the Pacific war.[28][29][30] Several thousand servicemen who died indirectly (from wounds and other causes) at a later date are not included in the total. One of the most famous U.S. casualties was the war correspondent Ernie Pyle, who was killed by Japanese sniper fire on Ie Shima.[31]
Gen. Buckner's decision to attack the Japanese defenses head-on, although extremely costly in U.S. lives, was ultimately successful. Just four days from the closing of the campaign, Gen.Buckner was killed by Japanese artillery fire, which blew lethal slivers of coral into his body, while inspecting his troops at the front line. He was the highest-ranking U.S. officer to be killed by enemy fire during the war. The day after, a second general—Brigadier General Claudius M. Easley—was killed by machine gun fire.
Aircraft losses over the three-month period were 768 U.S. planes, including those bombing the Kyushu airfields launching kamikazes. Combat losses were 458, and the other 310 were operational accidents. Japanese aircraft losses were 7,830 over the same period, including 2,655 to operational accidents. Navy and Marine Corps fighters downed 3,047, while shipboard anti-aircraft fire felled 409, and B-29s destroyed 558 on the ground.[32]
At sea, 368 Allied ships—including 120 amphibious craft—were damaged while another 28—including 15 amphibious ships and 12 destroyers—were sunk during the Okinawa campaign. The U.S. Navy's dead exceeded its wounded with 4,907 killed and 4,874 wounded, primarily from kamikaze attacks.[33] Among United States casualties, neither the Army nor the Marine death toll exceeded the Navy death toll in the battle for Okinawa.[32] The Japanese lost 16 ships, including the battleship Yamato.
On land, the U.S. forces lost at least 225 tanks and many LVTsdestroyed while eliminating 27 Japanese tanks and 743 artillery pieces (including mortars, anti-tank and anti-aircraft guns), some of them knocked-out by the naval and air bombardments but most of them knocked-out by American counter-battery fire. Casualties of American ground artillery are unknown. [24][25]A group of Japanese prisoners who preferred surrender to suicide wait to be questionedBy one count, there were about 95,000 Japanese combatants killed and 7,400 captured. Many of the soldiers committed seppuku or simply blew themselves up with hand grenades. In addition, thousands were sealed in their caves alive by the U.S. combat engineers.
This was also the first battle in the war in which surrendering Japanese were made into POWs by the thousands. Many of the Japanese prisoners were native Okinawans who had been impressed into the Army shortly before the battle and were less imbued with the Japanese Army's no-surrender doctrine.[34] When the American forces occupied the island, the Japanese took Okinawan clothing to avoid capture and the Okinawans came to the Americans' aid by offering a simple way to detect Japanese in hiding. The Okinawan language differs greatly from the Japanese language; with Americans at their sides, Okinawans would give directions to people in the local language, and those who did not understand were considered Japanese in hiding who were then captured.
Civilian losses Edit
[26][27]Okinawan civilians in 1945[28][29]Two Marines share a foxhole with an Okinawan war orphan in April 1945At some battles, such as at Battle of Iwo Jima, there had been no civilians involved, but Okinawa had a large indigenous civilian population and, according to various estimates, somewhere between one tenth and one third of them died during the battle.[23] Okinawan civilian losses in the campaign were estimated to be between 42,000 and 150,000 dead (more than 100,000 according to Okinawa Prefecture[35]). The U.S. Army figures for the campaign showed a total figure of 142,058 civilian casualties, including those who were pressed into service by the Japanese Imperial Army.[23]
During the battle, U.S. soldiers found it difficult to distinguish civilians from soldiers. It became routine for U.S. soldiers to shoot at Okinawan houses, as one infantryman wrote, "There was some return fire from a few of the houses, but the others were probably occupied by civilians – and we didn't care. It was a terrible thing not to distinguish between the enemy and women and children. Americans always had great compassion, especially for children. Now we fired indiscriminately."[36]
In its history of the war, the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum[35] presents Okinawa as being caught in the fighting between America and Japan. During the 1945 battle, the Japanese Army showed indifference to Okinawa's defense and safety, and the Japanese soldiers used civilians as human shields against the Americans. Japanese military confiscated food from the Okinawans and executed those who hid it, leading to a mass starvation among the population, and forced civilians out of their shelters. Japanese soldiers also killed about 1,000 Okinawans who spoke in a different local dialect in order to suppress spying.[37] The museum writes that "some were blown apart by shells, some finding themselves in a hopeless situation were driven to suicide, some died of starvation, some succumbed to malaria, while others fell victim to the retreating Japanese troops."[35]
Mass suicides Edit
With the impending victory of American troops, civilians often committed mass suicide, urged on by the Japanese soldiers who told locals that victorious American soldiers would go on a rampage of killing and raping. Ryukyu Shimpo, one of the two major Okinawan newspapers, wrote in 2007: "There are many Okinawans who have testified that the Japanese Army directed them to commit suicide. There are also people who have testified that they were handed grenades by Japanese soldiers" to blow themselves up.[38] Some of the civilians, having been induced by Japanese propaganda to believe that U.S. soldiers were barbarians who committed horrible atrocities, killed their families and themselves to avoid capture. Some of them threw themselves and their family members from the cliffs where the Peace Museum now resides.
However, despite being told by the Japanese military that they would suffer rape, torture and murder at the hands of the Americans, Okinawans "were often surprised at the comparatively humane treatment they received from the American enemy."[39][40] According to Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power by Mark Selden, the Americans "did not pursue a policy of torture, rape, and murder of civilians as Japanese military officials had warned."[41] Military Intelligence[42] combat translator Teruto Tsubota—a U.S. Marine born in Hawaii—convinced hundreds of civilians not to kill themselves and thus saved their lives.[43]
Rape allegations Edit
Civilians and historians report that soldiers on both sides had raped Okinawan civilians during the battle. Rape by Japanese troops "became common" in June, after it became clear that the Japanese Army had been defeated.[15][44]
The New York Times reported in 2000 that in the village of Katsuyama in 1945, civilians formed a vigilante group to ambush and kill three black American soldiers whom they claimed frequently raped the local girls there.[45]
Marine Corps officials in Okinawa and Washington have stated that they "knew of no rapes by American servicemen in Okinawa at the end of the war, and their records do not list war crimes committed by Marines in Okinawa".[46] Journalist George Feifer, however, writes that rape in Okinawa was "another dirty secret of the campaign" in which "American military chronicles ignore the crimes." Few Okinawans revealed their pregnancies, as "stress and bad diet... rendered most Okinawan women infertile. Many who did become pregnant managed to abort before their husbands and fathers returned. A smaller number of newborn infants fathered by Americans were suffocated."[47] World War II historian Peter Schrijvers has stated that a likely estimate of 10,000 rapes were committed by American soldiers during the three month period of the campaign.[48]
Suicide order controversy Edit
[30][31]Overcoming the civilian resistance on Okinawa was aided by U.S. propaganda leaflets, one of which is being read by a prisoner awaiting transportThere is ongoing major disagreement between Okinawa's local government and Japan's national government over the role of the Japanese military in civilian mass suicides during the battle. In March 2007, the national Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) advised textbook publishers to reword descriptions that the embattled Imperial Japanese Army forced civilians to kill themselves in the war so they would not be taken prisoner by the U.S. military. MEXT preferred descriptions that just say that civilians received hand grenades from the Japanese military.
This move sparked widespread protests among the Okinawans. In June 2007, the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly adopted a resolution stating, "We strongly call on the (national) government to retract the instruction and to immediately restore the description in the textbooks so the truth of the Battle of Okinawa will be handed down correctly and a tragic war will never happen again."[49]
On September 29, 2007, about 110,000 people held the biggest political rally in the history of Okinawa to demand that MEXT retract its order to textbook publishers on revising the account of the civilian suicides. The resolution stated: "It is an undeniable fact that the 'multiple suicides' would not have occurred without the involvement of the Japanese military and any deletion of or revision to (the descriptions) is a denial and distortion of the many testimonies by those people who survived the incidents."[50]
On December 26, 2007, MEXT partially admitted the role of the Japanese military in civilian mass suicides.[51] The ministry's Textbook Authorization Council allowed the publishers to reinstate the reference that civilians "were forced into mass suicides by the Japanese military", on condition it is placed in sufficient context. The council report stated: "It can be said that from the viewpoint of the Okinawa residents, they were forced into the mass suicides."[52] That was, however, not enough for the survivors who said it is important for children today to know what really happened.[53]
The Nobel Prize winning author Kenzaburō Ōe has written a booklet which states that the mass suicide order was given by the military during the battle.[54] He was sued by the revisionists, including a wartime commander during the battle, who disputed this and wanted to stop publication of the booklet. At a court hearing on November 9, 2007, Ōe testified: "Mass suicides were forced on Okinawa islanders under Japan's hierarchical social structure that ran through the state of Japan, the Japanese armed forces and local garrisons."[55] On March 28, 2008, the Osaka Prefecture Court ruled in favor of Ōe, stating, "It can be said the military was deeply involved in the mass suicides." The court recognized the military's involvement in the mass suicides and murder–suicides, citing the testimony about the distribution of grenades for suicide by soldiers and the fact that mass suicides were not recorded on islands where the military was not stationed.[56]
Aftermath Edit
[32][33]American Sherman tanks knocked out by Japanese artillery Bloody Ridge, 20 April 1945.Ninety percent of the buildings on the island were destroyed, and the tropical landscape was turned into "a vast field of mud, lead, decay and maggots".[57]
The military value of Okinawa "exceeded all hope." Okinawa provided a fleet anchorage, troop staging areas, and airfields in close proximity to Japan. The U.S. cleared the surrounding waters of mines in Operation Zebra, occupied Okinawa, and set up the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, a form of military government, after the battle.[58] Significant U.S. forces remain garrisoned there, and Kadena remains the largest U.S. air base in Asia.
Some military historians believe that the Okinawa campaign led directly to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as a means of avoiding the planned ground invasion of the Japanese mainland. Victor Davis Hanson explains his view in Ripples of Battle: ...because the Japanese on Okinawa... were so fierce in their defense (even when cut off, and without supplies), and because casualties were so appalling, many American strategists looked for an alternative means to subdue mainland Japan, other than a direct invasion. This means presented itself, with the advent of atomic bombs, which worked admirably in convincing the Japanese to sue for peace [unconditionally], without American casualties. Ironically, the American conventional fire-bombingof major Japanese cities (which had been going on for months before Okinawa) was far more effective at killing civilians than the atomic bombs and, had the Americans simply continued, or expanded this, the Japanese would likely have surrendered anyway. [34][35]Cornerstone of Peace Memorial with names of all military and civilians from all countries who died in the Battle of OkinawaIn 1995, the Okinawa government erected a memorial named Cornerstone of Peace in Mabuni, the site of the last fighting in southeastern Okinawa.[59] The memorial lists all the known names of those who died in the battle, civilian and military, Japanese and foreign. As of June 2008, it contains 240,734 names.[60]
Josef R. Sheetz
History of the Ryukyus
Chiran Special Attack Peace Museum
Cornerstone of Peace
Cave of the Negroes incident
Rape during the occupation of Japan
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
^ Appleman, Roy E.; James M. Burns; Russell A. Gugeler; John Stevens (2000). Okinawa: the last battle. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 36. http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/.
^ Brooks, Risa. "Creating Military Power: The Sources of Military Effectiveness". Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=jHYqXJA0i6QC&pg=PA41&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
^ "Planning Iceberg, Chp 2 of Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific by Major Chas. S. Nichols, Jr., USMC and Henry I. Shaw, Jr.". Historical Section, Division of Public Information, U.S. Marine Corps. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Okinawa/USMC-M-Okinawa-2.html. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
^ "The United States Navy assembled an unprecedented armada in April 1945". Militaryhistoryonline.com. http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/okinawa/default.aspx. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
^ "The American invasion of Okinawa was the largest amphibious invasion of all time". Historynet.com. http://www.historynet.com/magazines/world_war_2/3035101.html. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
^ Okinawa: The Typhoon of Steel: American Veterans Center
^ At 60th anniversary, Battle of Okinawa survivors recall 'Typhoon of Steel' - News - Stripes, Allen, David; Stars and Stripes; April 1, 2005.
^ Battle of Okinawa
^ a b Google Translate
^ a b Romaji Translator at Romaji.org
^ a b c Rottman, Gordon (2002). Okinawa 1945: The last Battle. Osprey Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 1-84176-546-5.
^ "Task Force 54". Pacific.valka.cz. http://pacific.valka.cz/forces/tf54.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rottman, Gordon (2002). Okinawa 1945: The last Battle. Osprey Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 1-84176-546-5.
^ a b Rottman, Gordon (2002). Okinawa 1945: The last Battle. Osprey Publishing. p. 40. ISBN 1-84176-546-5.
^ a b Huber, Thomas M. Japan's Battle of Okinawa, April–June 1945, Command and General Staff College
^ John Toland, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936–1945, Random House, 1970, p. 711.
^ "OKINAWA: THE LAST BATTLE, Chapter 4, Page 97". http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/chapter4.htm. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ "OKINAWA: THE LAST BATTLE, Chapter 4, Page 102". http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/chapter4.htm. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ Baldwin, Hanson W. Sea Fights and Shipwrecks Hanover House 1956 page 309
^ Hastings (2007), p. 401.
^ "Action in the North, Chp 6 of Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific by Major Chas. S. Nichols, Jr., USMC and Henry I. Shaw, Jr.". Historical Section, Division of Public Information, U.S. Marine Corps. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Okinawa/USMC-M-Okinawa-6.html. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
^ West Point Atlas of American Wars
^ a b c Battle of Okinawa, GlobalSecurity.org
^ a b "The Ordeals of Shuri Castle". Wonder-okinawa.jp. August 15, 1945. http://www.wonder-okinawa.jp/001/002-e/004_03.html. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
^ "The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa (Assault on Shuri)". Nps.gov. http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003135-00/sec5a.htm. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
^ ""The World is beginning to know Okinawa": Ota Masahide reflects on his life from the Battle of Okinawa to the Struggle for Okinawa". Japanfocus.org. http://www.japanfocus.org/-Norimatsu-Satoko/3415. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
^ John Toland, ibid, p. 723.
^ "Battle of Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of the Pacific War". HistoryNet. http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-okinawa-the-bloodiest-battle-of-the-pacific-war.htm. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
^ Manchester, William (June 14, 1987). "The Bloodiest Battle Of All". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/14/magazine/the-bloodiest-battle-of-all.html. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
^ John Pike. "Battle of Okinawa". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/okinawa-battle.htm. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
^ Reid, Chip. "Ernie Pyle, trail-blazing war correspondent—Brought home the tragedy of D-Day and the rest of WWII", NBC News, June 7, 2004. Retrieved April 26, 2006.
^ a b Baldwin, Hanson W. Sea Fights and Shipwrecks Hanover House 1956 page 308
^ The Amphibians Came to Conquer
^ Huber, Thomas M. (May 1990). "Japan's Battle of Okinawa, April–June 1945". Leavenworth Papers. United States Army Command and General Staff College. http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/Huber/Huber.asp. Retrieved May 9, 2008.
^ a b c The Basic Concept of the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum
^ Feifer, George, The Battle of Okinawa, The Lyons Press (2001), p. 374
^ 1945 suicide order still a trauma on Okinawa
^ Onishi, Norimitsu (April 1, 2007). "Japan’s Textbooks Reflect Revised History". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/01/world/asia/01japan.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
^ Molasky, Michael S. (1999). The American Occupation of Japan and Okinawa: Literature and Memory. Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-415-19194-4. http://books.google.com/?id=RMDt86cokDUC&pg=PA16.
^ Molasky, Michael S.; Rabson, Steve (2000). Southern Exposure: Modern Japanese Literature from Okinawa. University of Hawaii Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-8248-2300-9. http://books.google.com/?id=6xMuWmEsAcMC&pg=PA21.
^ Sheehan, Susan D; Elizabeth, Laura; Selden, Hein Mark. Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power. p. 18.
^ Military Intelligence Service Research Center: Okinawa
^ Defiant soldier saved lives of hundreds of civilians during Okinawa battle, Stars and Stripes, April 1, 2005.
^ Appleman, Roy E. (1948). Okinawa: The Last Battle. United States Army in World War II. Washington DC: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 462. http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/.
^ Lisa Takeuchi Cullen (August 13, 2001). "Okinawa Nights". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,170085-2,00.html. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
^ Sims, Calvin (June 1, 2000). "3 Dead Marines and a Secret of Wartime Okinawa". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/01/world/3-dead-marines-and-a-secret-of-wartime-okinawa.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
^ Schrijvers, Peter (2002). The GI War against Japan: American Soldiers in Asia and the Pacific during World War II. New York, New York: New York University Press. pp. 212. ISBN 978-0-8147-9816-4.
^ Okinawa slams history text rewrite, Japan Times, June 23, 2007
^ "110,000 protest history text revision order"
^ Japan to amend textbook accounts of Okinawa suicides Herald Tribune, December 26, 2007
^ Texts reinstate army's role in mass suicides: Okinawa prevails in history row Japan Times, December 27, 2007
^ Okinawa's war time wounds reopened BBC News, November 17, 2007
^ Japan Times, September 12, 2007, Witness: Military ordered mass suicides
^ Oe testifies military behind Okinawa mass suicides, Japan Times, November 10, 2007
^ Court sides with Oe over mass suicides, Japan Times, March 29, 2008
^ Okinawan History and Karate-do
^ "Military Government In The Ryukyu Islands, 1945–1950". http://www.amazon.com/dp/1410218791. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
^ "The Cornerstone of Peace" (in (Japanese)). Pref.okinawa.jp. http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/a_la/peace/ishiji/index2.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
^ Okinawa is promised reduced base burden, The Japan Times, June 24, 2008
Appleman, Gerald; Burns, James M.; Gugeler, Russel A.; Stevens, John (1948). Okinawa: The Last Battle. Washington DC: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 1-4102-2206-3. http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/index.htm. full text online
Astor, Gerald (1996). Operation Iceberg: The Invasion and Conquest of Okinawa in World War II. Dell. ISBN 0-440-22178-1.
Feifer, George (2001). The Battle of Okinawa: The Blood and the Bomb. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-215-5.
Fisch Jr., Arnold G.. Ryukyus. World War II Campaign Brochures. Washington D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 0-16-048032-9. CMH Pub 72-35. http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/ryukyus/ryukyus.htm.
Gandt, Robert (2010). The Twilight Warriors. Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-7679-3241-7.
Hallas, James H. (2006). Killing Ground on Okinawa: The Battle for Sugar Loaf Hill. Potomac Books. ISBN 1-59797-063-8.
Hastings, Max (2007). Retribution – The Battle for Japan, 1944–45. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26351-3.
Morison, Samuel Eliot (2002 (reissue)). Victory in the Pacific, 1945, vol. 14 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Champaign, Illinois, USA: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-07065-8.
Nichols, Charles Sidney; Henry I. Shaw Jr. (1989). Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific. Battery Press. ASIN B00071UAT8.
Rottman, Gordon (2002). Okinawa 1945: The last Battle. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-546-5.
Sloan, Bill (2007). The Ultimate Battle: Okinawa 1945—The Last Epic Struggle of World War II. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-9246-4.
Zaloga, Steven J. Japanese Tanks 1939–45. Osprey, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84603-091-8.
Primary sources Edit
Buckner, Simon Bolivar, Jr. and Joseph Stilwell. Seven Stars: The Okinawa Battle Diaries of Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. and Joseph Stilwell ed. by Nicholas Evan Sarantakes (2004) excerpt and text search
Lacey, Laura Homan (2005). Stay Off The Skyline: The Sixth Marine Division on Okinawa—An Oral History. Potomac Books. ISBN 1-57488-952-4.
Manchester, William (1980). Goodbye, Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War. Boston, Toronto: Little, Brown and Co.. ISBN 0-316-54501-5.
Sledge, E. B.; Paul Fussell (1990). With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506714-2. , famous Marine memoir
Yahara, Hiromichi (2001). The Battle for Okinawa. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-18080-7. -Firsthand account of the battle by a surviving Japanese officer.
Retrieved from "https://worldwartwo.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa?oldid=17700"
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Harvard Ecuadorian Student Association
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Harvard Pakistan Student Group
Harvard India Student Group
Harvard Italian Students Society
Harvard Student Asian Pacific Coalition
Harvard-wide Latino Student Alliance
Harvard Association of Peruvian Students
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS)
GSAS International Socialists
GSAS Harvard Korea Society
Harvard East Asia Society: A GSAS Student Group
Harvard GSAS Colombian Society
Harvard GSAS Graduate Student Canadian Club/ Groupe des Étudiants Canadiens de Cycle Supérieur de GSAS Harvard
The Harvard GSAS Iranian Student Association
Harvard GSAS Singaporean and Malaysian Association
Harvard GSAS Taiwan Student Association
Harvard Visual China: A GSAS Student Organization
African and African American Studies (AAA) Graduate Student Forum
EALC Social Committee (East Asian Languages and Literatures)
Germanic Circle
Harvard Buddhist Studies Forum
Harvard Middle Eastern Cultural Association (HMECA)
Harvard GSAS Latinx Student Association
GSAS Anlin Taichi Wudao Association
GSAS Harvard Argentine Tango Society
Harvard Dragon Boat Team: A GSAS Student Organization
Harvard GSAS Taekwondo Club
Harvard GSAS Asian Baptist Student Koinonia
Harvard GSAS Catholic Graduate Student Association
Harvard GSAS Christian Community
Harvard Business School (HBS)
Africa Business Club
African American Student Union
Asia Business Club
Asian-American Business Association
Australian and New Zealand Society
Central & Eastern European Club
European Club
German-Speaking Society
Global Business Club
Greater China Club
Islamic Society
Jewish Students Association
LatAm Club
Latino Student Organization
Le Club des Francophones
Middle East and North Africa Club
South Asian Business Association
Africa Business and Investment Club
Albanian Students Association
Armenian Students Association
Harvard-Radcliffe Asian American Association (AAA)
Asian American Brotherhood
Asian American Christian Fellowship
Asian American Dance Troupe (AADT)
Harvard-Radcliffe Asian America Women's Association
Asian Baptist Student Koinonia (ABSK)
Association for U.S.-China Relations
Australian Undergraduate Society (AUS)
Baha'i Association
Bulgarian Club
Candela Dance Troupe
Harvard-Radcliffe Chado Society
China Forum (HCCF)
Chinese International Students Society (CISS)
Chinese Music Ensemble (HCME)
Chinese Students Association (CSA)
Colombian Students Association
Concilio Latino
Cuban-American Undergraduate Student Association (CAUSA)
Dutch Society
Eritrean-Ethiopian Students Association
European Business Group
European Society
Francophone Society
Friends of Chabad
FUSIAN
Gaongil: Modern Korean Studies Society
Half Asian People’s Association
Harvard College in Asia Program
Harvard Association Cultivating Inter-American Democracy
Harvard Organization for Latin America (HOLA)
Hellenic Society
Hawaii Club
Institute of Politics
Intercollegiate Model United Nations
Interfaith Forum
International Negotiation Program
International Relations Council (IRC)
International Relations on Campus
Iranian Association
Islamic Society (HIS)
Israel Summit
Italian Society
Japan Initiative
Korean Association (KA)
Korean International Student Association (KISA)
Kuumba Singers
Latinas Unidas
Latino Men's Collective (LMC)
Latinos in Health Careers
Mariachi Veritas
Harvard Model Congress Asia
Harvard Model Congress Europe
Harvard Model Congress Latin America
Harvard Model Congress Middle East
Harvard Model United Nations (HMUN)
Harvard National Model United Nations (HNMUN)
Nepali Students Association
Nigerian Students Association
Omo Naija Dance Troupe
Organization of Asian American Sisters in Service
Pakistani Students Association
Palestine Solidarity Committee (PSC)
Philippine Forum
Polish Society
Program for International Education (HPIE)
Progressive Jewish Alliance (PJA)
Project for Asian and International Relations (HPAIR)
Recent Immigrant Term-Time Enrichment (RITE) (PBHA)
Refugee Youth Summer Enrichment (PBHA)
Romanian Association
Russian Speakers Association
Harvard College Students for Scholars at Risk
Sikh Student Association
Singaporean, Indonesia, and Malaysia Association (SIAMA)
Society of Arab Students
South African Society
South Asian Association (SAA)
South Asian Men's Collective (SAMC)
South Asian Women's Collective
South Slavic Society
Students for Israel
Taiwanese Cultural Society (TCS)
Taiwan Leadership Conference
TAMID
Thai Society
Turkish Student Association
US-India Initiative
Vietnamese Association
Woodbridge International Society
World Model United Nations (WorldMUN)
Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM)
HMS/HSDM African Health and Advocacy Group
HMS/HSDM International Student Organization
Asian American Dental Association (AADA)
HSDM Wampanoag Outreach Group
Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD)
AASU (GSD African-American Student Union)
Africa GSD
Asia GSD
Asia Real Estate Association
Brazil GSD
China GSD
Code Without Frontiers
Europe GSD
Greece GSD
Harvard East Asian Urban Forum
India GSD
Italian GSD
Latin GSD
Japan GSD
JewSD
Korea GSD
Southeast Asia GSD
Spain GSD
GSD MEdiNA (Middle East and North Africa)
Harvard Divinity School (HDS)
Anglican/Episcopal Fellowship
Buddhist Community
Harambee: Students of African Descent
Hindu Studies Colloquium-Junior
Jewish Student Association
Mokichi Okada Study Group
Nuestra Voz
Student Symposium for Decolonial Scholarship at HDS
Students for Afghanistan
Women of Color Collective
Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE)
Black Student Union (BSU)
Comunidad Latinx
Education India Intiative
Future Indigenous Educators Resisting Colonial Education (FIERCE)
HGSE Christian Fellowship
HGSE Jewish Student Association
HGSE Muslim Student Group
HGSE One Club
HGSE Polyglot Circle
International Higher Education and Disabilities (IHED)
Latin America Education Forum (LAEF)
MIXED - Multiracial Individuals eXchanging and Encouraging Dialogue
Pan-Asian Coalition for Education (PACE)
UndocuAllies
Harvard Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS)
Harvard Kennedy School of Government (HKS)
African Caucus
Latinx Caucus
Harvard Law School (HLS)
African Law Association
Asia Law Society
Asian Pacific American Law Students Association
Brazilian Students Association
Canadian Law Students Association
Global South Dialogue
Human Rights and Business Association
International Arbitration Law Students Association
Italian Law Association
Justice for Palestine
Korean Association of Harvard Law School
Law and International Development Society
Mexican Law Students Association
Middle Eastern Law Students Association
South Asian Law Students Association
Turkish Law Association
Harvard Medical School (HMS)
Global Surgery Student Alliance (GSSA)
South Asian Medical and Dental Association (SAMDA)
APAMSA (Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association)
Latino Medical Student Association (LMSA)
Harvard Longwood Muslims (HLM)
Native American Health Organization (NAHO)
Racial Justice Coalition
Physicians for Human Rights
Harvard Chan School of Public Health (HSPH)
Brazilian Student Association at Harvard Chan (BRASACH)
Harvard Chan Africa Health Students’ Forum
Harvard Chan Jewish Student Association
Harvard Chan Korean Student Group
Harvard Chan Latin American Student Society
Harvard Chan Nigerian Students Association
Harvard Chan Student French Conversation Club
Harvard Chan School ASEAN Student Organization
Harvard Chan School Muslim Students Association
Harvard Chan South Asian Students Organization
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Chinese Students and Scholars Association
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Student Group
Latinx Students in Public Health Association at Harvard Chan
Student Club of Japan at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Eh Team: The Officiale Harvard Chan School Student Canadian Club
Yan Xin Qigong (YXG) Student Group at Harvard Chan
Offerings by School
Each of Harvard's degree-granting Schools offers a global perspective on research and education to its students and faculty.
Harvard’s commitment to internationalism is realized in its individual Schools, where students and faculty teach, learn, and research. Each School, along with the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, integrates a global perspective into its curriculum and research agenda, with each taking its own approach, matched to the interests and objectives of its faculty and students.
The mission of the Harvard Business School (HBS) is to educate leaders who make a difference in the world, and the study of leadership in global perspective is woven into the fabric of the School’s teaching and research. More than a third of HBS students are from outside the United States and, in recent years, 50% or more of the case studies written by HBS faculty members have focused on global companies or themes. Meanwhile, more than a dozen HBS student organizations have a global or international theme, and the School’s network of Global Research Centers and offices support faculty research and case writing, student experiences, and executive education across the globe.
Nearly one third of HBS students are from outside the United States
More than half of HBS faculty actively involved in international research or case writing
The unique FIELD course takes all MBA students to an emerging market at the end of their first year for an immersive experience in which teams must develop a new product or service concept for a global partner organization.
HBS and the Harvard Kennedy School offer a joint degree: Master’s of Business Administration and Master’s of Public Administration in International Development
A network of nine HBS Global Research Centers and five offices support faculty case research and writing, student programs, and executive education.
Harvard College offers undergraduate students a broad education across numerous disciplines, and countless opportunities to pursue their research and educational interests around the world. In addition to classes that give all Harvard College students a sturdy grounding in key fields of study, Harvard College students can pursue intensive study in subjects ranging from East Asian Languages and Civilizations to Biology to Slavic Languages and Literature. In addition, Harvard College is committed to meeting the financial needs of all its admitted students, and international students are eligible for the same financial aid as U.S. students.
12% of Harvard College students are from outside the United States
Harvard Summer School offers more than 20 courses each year taught outside the United States by Harvard faculty
Harvard Office of International Education helps students plan experiences around the world during the regular academic term, and over the summer.
International and area studies centers, which support a variety of academic programs for faculty and students, offer students opportunities to study, conduct research, and attain jobs or internships worldwide.
Harvard’s Division of Continuing Education (DCE) extends the University’s teaching to every type of adult learner in every corner of the world. DCE students come from every culture, career background, and time zone, and range in age from 18 to 89. Offering degree programs, open enrollment courses that are both on-campus and online, DCE is at the forefront of Harvard’s efforts to reach the widest possible range of students across the globe.
13% of degree students are from outside the United States
Offers Master’s of Liberal Arts, International Relations
Offers a mix of on-campus, online, and hybrid courses
Offers summer courses, including courses for high school students and study abroad courses, for both Harvard and non-Harvard students
Offers graduate certificate programs in International Relations, International Security, Nuclear Deterrence, and Religions of the World
The Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) aims to develop and foster a community of global leaders who will advance oral and systemic health. HSDM faculty members are world leaders in the study and practice of dental medicine. Meanwhile, HSDM offers its students a variety of public health opportunities around Boston and across the globe, from working with Cambridge-based Dentists for Humanity to provide dental care to underserved populations worldwide, to pursuing international community-health opportunities during the later years of the DMD program. HSDM aims to integrate dentistry and medicine, and to train dental researchers and practitioners who will have a positive impact on oral health around the world.
The Graduate School of Design (GSD) aims to educate students who will create a more beautiful, just, and coherent world through the study of the built environment. Nearly half of GSD students some from outside the United States and its diverse, world-class faculty is comprised of scholars and practitioners from every continent. A global approach to learning and to practice is at the heart of a GSD education, and essential to the work of most GSD graduates and faculty.
Nearly 50% of GSD students are from outside the United States
“Studio Abroad” program offers GSD students the opportunity to work with practitioners in their design firms, in a city outside the U.S., while continuing their regular course of study at the GSD.
GSD’s Wimbledon House in London hosts the Richard Rogers Fellowship for the study of the built environment.
The Harvard Divinity School educates scholars, teachers, ministers, and other professionals for religious leadership, service and study across the globe. Its aim is to help build a world in which people can live and work together across religious and cultural divides, and the School draws on its significant resources in global religious studies to expand its students’ understanding of the religions of the world.
15% of Harvard Divinity School degree students come from outside the U.S.
Center for the Study of World Religions has promoted study of the world’s religions since its founding in 1960.
Summer Language Program focuses on languages relevant to theological and religious studies, and is open to any student with an undergraduate (first) degree from an accredited institution.
HDS degree programs focus on the study of a wide variety of religious traditions.
The Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE) has a diverse, increasingly international student body whose studies are grounded in the HGSE belief that education is a most pressing issue of our time. HGSE research and degree programs provide opportunities for students and scholars who wish to understand the major challenges and solutions to education worldwide.
16% of degree students at HGSE come from outside the U.S.
Master’s degree in International Education Policy explores some of the most challenging issues facing educators and students worldwide.
The Center for the Developing Child has developed two “innovation clusters” with local partners in Brazil and Mexico to address challenges that confront children and families facing adversity.
Project Zero’s Interdisciplinary and Global Studies program is an ensemble of research projects designed to inform scholars and educators about preparing youth to understand and address global challenges.
The Global Education Innovation Initiative is a 10-country research-practice consortium to improve education around the world.
The John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard (SEAS) aims to discover, design, and create novel technologies and approaches to societal challenges. SEAS faculty cross disciplines and geography in their work, addressing challenges from air quality in Brazil and China to the development of effective and affordable medical devices for patients worldwide. SEAS students thus have unparalleled opportunities to engage in interdisciplinary and international scholarship, giving them the tools and experience they need to address the global engineering challenges of the 21st century.
SEAS research centers and programs like the BASF Advanced Research Initiative, the Center for the Environment, and the Harvard China Project all engage in research with global partners to address global challenges.
SEAS degree programs and research projects are often global by their very nature, giving SEAS students and scholars numerous opportunities to engage in academic work abroad.
The Harvard Kennedy School of Government (HKS) aims to train dedicated public servants who can improve the way the world works, equipping its students to solve the world’s most wrenching problems and address seemingly intractable problems. Nearly half of HKS students come from outside the United States, and the research and teaching interests of its students and faculty are as wide-ranging, in both subject and geography, as the student body itself. Almost every research center at HKS touches on global issues, and a global perspective is integrated deeply into the School’s curriculum and various degree programs.
More than 45% of degree students at HKS are from outside the U.S.
The Master’s degree in Public Administration-International Development is designed to prepare the next generation of leaders in international development.
The Mason Fellows Program brings mid-career professionals from around the world to HKS to complete a Master’s degree in Public Administration.
HKS offers a variety of joint degree programs with an international focus:
Master’s of Business Administration (M.B.A., Harvard Business School) and Master’s of Public Administration in International Development (M.P.A.-I.D., Harvard Kennedy School)
Juris Doctor (J.D., Harvard Law School) and Master’s of Public Administration in International Development (M.P.A.-I.D., Harvard Kennedy School)
Mid-Career Master’s of Public Administration (M.C./M.P.A., Harvard Kennedy School) and Master’s in International Affairs or Development Studies (The Graduate Institute, Geneva)
The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) offers more than 60 Ph.D. programs, in traditional fields like philosophy and physics as well newer interdisciplinary programs like Environmental Science and Engineering (offered in conjunction with Harvard’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, or SEAS) or Neuroscience (HMS). More than a third of GSAS students are from outside the United States, and students with specific interest in international issues have ample opportunity to pursue those interests across GSAS’s many departments and degree programs.
More than a third of GSAS students are from outside the U.S.
In addition to the Ph.D., GSAS offers several Master’s degree programs with an international focus, such as the Master’s in Middle Eastern Studies or South Asia Studies
Students from outside Harvard can apply to take courses at GSAS as Special Students, while advanced graduate students from institutions other than Harvard can conduct research at Harvard as a GSAS Visiting Fellow.
Harvard Law School (HLS) has a commitment to international and comparative law that sets it apart from many of its peers. Among other signs of this commitment, HLS requires all first-year JD students to enroll in a course on the subject, its Master’s and Doctoral degrees have a strong global component, and the International Legal Studies staff facilitates numerous international opportunities each year for all of HLS’s many international students. More importantly, faculty experts on U.S. law at HLS increasingly bring international and comparative law into their work, while those who specialize in international legal studies bring this expertise to bear on U.S. law and other disciplines, meaning that HLS students will experience international legal studies no matter their particular course of study.
17% of Harvard Law School degree students come from outside the U.S.
A variety of HLS research centers and programs have a global or transnational focus, from the Human Rights Program to the Institute for Global Law and Policy to the Program on International Financial Systems.
HLS International Legal Studies staff links students and faculty with a variety of international opportunities
The Master of Laws (LL.M.) program includes roughly 180 students from more than 70 countries with a variety of legal systems.
The Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) program is home to roughly 60 students from more than 30 different countries.
Offers joint J.D.-LL.M. degree program with University of Cambridge.
Focusing on global programs that are transformative, sustainable, and reciprocal – programs, in other words, that benefit both Harvard Medical School (HMS) and its partners – HMS has developed a broad and diverse portfolio of international programs for its faculty and students. The Bertarelli Program in Translational Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, which provides fellowships allowing HMS students to study at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and EPFL students to study at HMS; and the HMS Center for Global Health Delivery in Dubai, which promotes education and collaborative research on health issues of global concern, are just two examples of HMS’s global reach and impact.
10% of HMS degree students are from outside the U.S.
HMS’s primary degree program, the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), provides a pathway for medical licensure in the United States, and thus attracts a primarily American student body. However, HMS is home to more than a third of the total number of international postdocs and scholars at Harvard at any one time, and the School provides numerous opportunities for faculty and students to conduct research and teaching activities abroad.
Approximately a quarter of all research projects at HMS have an international component.
The Department of Global Health and Social Medicine organizes global health activities at HMS, including international medical education experiences, with the aim of improving the practice, delivery, and development of medical care and health policies worldwide.
The Master of Medical Sciences in Global Health Delivery (MMsc-GHD) offers a cross-University course of study that equips students with the tools needed to conduct medical policy research in low-resource settings.
The goal of improving public health is by nature a global endeavor and the students and faculty of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health pursue their mission of improving human health on every continent. With degree programs like the Master of Science in Global Health and Population or the interdisciplinary concentration in nutrition and global health, with research centers like the Harvard Global Health Institute and the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, and with a student body that is more than 40% international, the Harvard Chan School conducts research, teaches, and learns from partners and communities around the world.
42% of Harvard Chan School degree students are from outside the U.S.
Most degree programs at the Harvard Chan School are global by their nature, but the School offers a number of degree and non-degree programs that explicitly have an international focus, including
The Master of Science in Global Health and Population
Interdisciplinary concentrations in Humanitarian Studies, Ethics, and Human Rights; and Nutrition and Global Health
Non-degree programs in Global Health Delivery and Global Infectious Diseases
Like degree programs, most research centers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health are global by nature, but several have a specific emphasis on global themes, including:
University-wide centers: François Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative
School-wide and Department centers: Harvard Chan School AIDS Initiative, Center for Global Tobacco Control, Center for Health and the Global Environment
The Harvard Chan School India Center supports the research and educational work of Harvard Chan School faculty and students in India by building partnerships and new strategic relationships.
Radcliffe Institute
The mission of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study (RIAS) is to support creative work in all disciplines – humanities, sciences, social sciences, and the arts – and to share that work with academics and the public alike. The RIAS Fellows Program brings 50 fellows from around the world to Harvard each year to study, write, and engage in artistic work. Meanwhile, the topics of the Institute’s various research initiatives range broadly, as one might examine 21st-century urbanism while another explores how native and indigenous peoples around the world have acquired and expressed political power. In all of these endeavors, the RIAS aims to engage scholars and the public in dialogue about some of the world’s most interesting and complex challenges, and to create a borderless intellectual community.
Harvard's art museums feature works from around the globe. Its museums of science and culture preserve and teach about human civilizations and the history of science and the world.
Harvard’s museums preserve and display art and artifacts that showcase the talents, the history, and the heritage of human civilizations across time and distance.
The Harvard Art Museums play a leading role in the development of the history and conservation of art worldwide, and have been dedicated since they were founded to advancing learning at Harvard and around the world.
Harvard’s Museums of Science and Culture aim to enhance public understanding and appreciation of the natural world, science, and human cultures.
The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University is an international center for the study of plants, housing a living collection of trees, shrubs, and vines that is one of the most comprehensive of its kind in the world. A public-private partnership between Harvard and the City of Boston, the Arboretum’s 281 acres are free and open to public year-round, helping to deepen understanding of the world’s plants, horticulture, and biodiversity.
A full list of Harvard’s museums – those with a global focus and otherwise – can be found here.
Harvard students and scholars learn from colleagues around the world, and with colleagues around the world, in a constant, mutually beneficial exchange of ideas and actions. These stories provide just a few examples of that ongoing exchange and its impact on Harvard and the world.
countries and from every background
trips abroad in 2018 for research, study, and more
international students and scholars at Harvard this year
Office of the Vice Provost for International Affairs
Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Campus Center
Cambridge, Massachusetts 01238 USA
The President and Fellows of Harvard College
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Bears Repeating
History and Happenings from Washington University Archives
From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
Washington University’s First Commencement Address: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
By Bianca Lopez, PhD candidate in History
In June of 1862, William Greenleaf Eliot delivered the commencement address for Washington University’s first graduating class, whose numbers included his son Thomas.
The address, an early draft of which is included below, covered philosophical subjects such as the evolution of human reason, the advent of metaphysics as a branch of philosophy, and the achievement of immortality through study.
Although the Civil War still raged on, Eliot made no direct mention of war, an interesting choice considering that many of the young men in the audience, including his son, would soon enlist as Confederate or Union soldiers, and stood the risk of relinquishing their lives for their chosen cause.
Why then, in this time of destruction, violence, and war, did Eliot decide to give a speech about metaphysics? What was he trying to achieve by settling on such a lofty topic?
Continue reading "Washington University’s First Commencement Address: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot " »
Posted by Miranda Rectenwald on 07/17/2013 at 02:00 PM in From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot , University History | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBack (0)
Public School Reform in Wartime: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
In 1861, St. Louis’s public school system was threatened by the outbreak of the Civil War. As a member of the school district’s board of directors, William Greenleaf Eliot wrote to its president, Edward Wyman, and asked that he keep the schools open during wartime. As it turns out, the schools had been closed earlier that year, without any sign of reopening for St. Louis’s twelve thousand students. In seeking a reversal of Wyman’s decision to close the schools, Eliot was also trying to prevent such an occurrence from ever happening again.
Image: William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 01, Notebook 6, page 15.
Mr. Wayman, President Public Schools –
Dear Sir, In common with all citizens of St. Louis who feel an interest in the welfare of children, I am much gratified to see that the Public Schools will be open as usual in September, and that for doing this you place confidence in the well known ability of our fellow citizens. The greatest evils (of war, especially) of Civil War, consist in the demoralization of Society, especially of the young, and those who labor to prevent this by sustaining Schools & Institutions of learning, are doing the work of patriotism in the most effective manner. Whatever may be the differences of opinion among us as to current events, we can all agree upon the necessity of educating the rising generation. The Divine Savior said, “Lovest thou me more than these? Feed my lambs.” So do we say to all who are proven superior Patriots, Take care of the child! Keep them out of harm’s way. Shelter them from the storm & teach them how to become good citizens.
Having these views, permit me to add that several years ago two of my sons where scholars in the PS [public schools] for a year or more, and in part consider it the [illegible] they received from an Institution ever in difficulty. You may expect from me on 1st Oct[ober]. if the Sch[ools] are re-opened, the sum of $50 in answer to your appeal. I do this the more readily, because altho the sum is in itself insignificant, I think that small contributions from many persons, will be the best method of supplying your need.
St. Louis’s school district was formed when Missouri was made a territory in 1812, a congressional act accompanied by a statement that any land not reserved for private individuals or the military could be used for schools. After being voted on the board of directors in 1848, Eliot was able to raise public school taxes in St. Louis, an event that greatly expanded administrative operations, increased the district’s budget, and allowed for the opening of more schools. His tax hikes even won out against great public disapproval after St. Louis’s port burnt down after a massive fire in 1849.
Once again, Eliot’s vocation as a Unitarian minister influenced his ardent desire to provide free schooling for the city’s children and adolescents. At the foundation of Eliot’s thought was the need for education. If a society had access to good education, then its moral problems could be more easily solved. For quality education to remain in place, the institutional support would also need to stay intact. This necessity is even more important when society is subjected to the evils and destruction of war.
Eliot also mentions that two of his own sons were students in the St. Louis public school system, and even despite the near-constant problems the district faced, the boys still received an education. It was Eliot’s hope that through strengthening the institutional infrastructure of the school district, other children’s education would not be similarly interrupted.
To find out more about Eliot, please consult the William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers located at the Archives and this research guide.
You can read more of Eliot’s online collection by perusing his materials at Missouri Digital Heritage or following this link to read the rest of Notebook 6.
Sources: Miranda Rectenwald and Sonya Rooney, “‘Shall we be one strong united people...’” The Confluence, Spring/Summer 2011; Rev. Dr. Earl K. Holt III, William Greenleaf Eliot: Conservative Radical.
Posted by Sonya Rooney on 06/12/2013 at 08:30 AM in From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot , St. Louis | Permalink | Comments (0)
Women’s Education: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
In December of 1870, William Greenleaf Eliot penned the following thoughts in his journal, which he jotted down after writing a speech on women’s education at the Missouri State Teachers’ Conference. He wrote,
“We cannot now turn back, and having now admitted all the destructive powers of ignorance and vice, shall we exclude the part of society which is strongest bound to maintenance of good order and purity?”
To Eliot, women were an underrepresented group of American citizens, and in order to raise their station in life, as well as win their right to vote, they needed an education.
Eliot’s views on women’s education could be considered radical for his day. In his speech written for the Teachers’ Conference entitled, “Women’s Work in America, and the Education Needed to Prepare Them for It,” Eliot explicitly connected work, education, and democratic participation, three things guaranteed to all citizens, including women. Therein, he argued, “According to individual capacity, opportunity; including any position she may have within reach. No limit here, or scarcely any.” Eliot’s newfound radical attitude represents a break from his previous thoughts on societal change, in which he believed that change should come gradually and cautiously so as not to disrupt the social order.
Furthermore, the above views reflect distinct transformations in administrative policies at Washington University. By 1870, Eliot had come around to the idea of admitting women. He had proposed the notion to the school’s board of directors previously, and by October of that year they unanimously agreed to enroll Alice Belcher, the first female undergraduate student, for the following year.
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Posted by Miranda Rectenwald on 05/24/2013 at 12:50 PM in From the Archives, From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot , St. Louis, University History | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBack (0)
Religion and the Civil War: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
In the days and months leading up to the Civil War, Missouri was torn by the decision of whether or not to secede from the Union. As a slave-holding border state with a population divided over slavery, it had no easily discernible political alliances. Many of St. Louis’s inhabitants owned slaves or were otherwise sympathetic to the Southern cause, while others were fiercely anti-slavery. For instance, the Radical Republican Party had roots in St. Louis, as prominent individuals like General John C. Frémont and his wife Jessie Benton Frémont were partisans who spread their influence locally.
Although a moderate abolitionist and Union supporter, before the war Eliot rarely, if ever, came out publically regarding his political preferences. Rather, he preferred to preach broadly on the subjects of freedom, loyalty, and religion to his parishioners, arguing for the moral and ideological justification of united. Neighbors should avoid quarreling with neighbors over small details, and recognize together the importance of upholding unity. He urged St. Louisans not to quibble over small matters, especially when petty arguments could potentially end in street violence. The very placement of the United States in world affairs would remain vulnerable as long as ordinary Americans fought over party affiliations. As Rev. Dr. Earl K. Holt III describes in his book William Greenleaf Eliot: Conservative Radical, “Close friends of long standing would no longer even greet one another on the street. Members of the same St. Louis families enlisted in the opposing armies.” The strong passions aroused over the subject of slavery are especially damaging, since polarities in opinion keep citizens from reaching a compromise on the issue.
The following excerpt comes from Eliot’s early drafts of a sermon called “On Loyalty and Religion,” in which he argued that American citizens had a religious and patriotic duty to their nation that were one and the same. Along with serving his congregation through public sermons, Eliot also worked hard to keep Washington University afloat during the Civil War, even teaching metaphysics without pay to keep operating costs down. His years of tireless service paid off, as both the Church of the Messiah and the university survived the 1860s.
Nothing surprises me more than the sluggishness of this country – the slowest to awake to the immensity of intents involved. I hear the matter treated as if one of local or party intent: “For or against the administration.” Lincoln or anti-Lincoln. Every little side-issue is sought. Every mistake in policy, street-outrage, technical violation of law, etc. Seized upon, & made ground of angry words & treasonable action, - as if the subject of country were one of minor interests, of temporary loss or gain. Not so. It is the existence or non-existence of our country. The permanence or dismemberment of a Nation. Shall we be one strong united people, the leading nation of the world, or scattered into, no one can tell how many communities, at strife among ourselves, to the scorn and contempt of all nations! Look back less than 12 months, & what were we then? These United States of America! & True, there had been party conflicts & strifes; rights infringed - wrongs unadjusted - bad laws in existence, good laws unenforced, - criminations & recriminations, mobs & violence, threats & denunciations, - fanatics at the North declared that any Slave State was worse than a pandemonium. Fanatics at the South declaring that Eden / Paradise itself would be an imperfect abode, without the Peculiar Institution. We were not a perfect Nation, but with stains enough upon our escutcheon, weakness & sins enough; with too much boasting, too little self-respect.
Rev. Dr. Earl K. Holt III. William Greenleaf Eliot: Conservative Radical. Belleville, Illinois: Village Publishers, 2011
William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 01, Notebook 6, page 36. (Printed sermon available in collection in Series 04, Box 02, 1861. 18 August. “Loyalty and Religion: A Discourse for the Times” delivered in the Church of the Messiah, St. Louis.)
To find out more about Eliot, please consult the William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers located at the University Archives and this library research guide.
You can read more of Eliot’s online collection by perusing his materials available online at Missouri Digital Heritage, or following this link to read the rest of Notebook 6.
Eulogy for Freeman George: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
As a prominent Unitarian minister in nineteenth-century St. Louis, one of William Greenleaf Eliot’s religious responsibilities was to prepare and deliver funerary sermons for deceased members of his congregation. In 1860, during a brief reprieve before the advent of the Civil War, Eliot drafted such a eulogy in his notebook for one Freeman George, a St. Louis native who had recently committed suicide. The details he includes of the man’s life are tragic, gruesome, and revelatory, and provide a window into antebellum St. Louis. In his eulogy, Eliot describes the 1858 fire on the steamboat Col. Cressman. The vessel had been making its way up the Mississippi River from New Orleans when its engine exploded near New Madrid in southern Missouri, an accident that killed around half of its forty passengers. The New York Times reported on the fire, stating,
“The boat at once caught fire. The Captain ordered out the yawl, but the deck hands and firemen took possession of and filled it, and would not get out. The other boat was ordered out, and into this the officers crowded as many passengers as possible, and they made their way safely to New Madrid. The officers of the steamer, and such of the passengers as had not got into the boat, jumped into the river. Some made their way to the shore without aid, and others were saved by a skiff put out by other persons who saw the disaster. The boat floated, burning, three miles and a half, when she lodged on a bar and burnt down to the water.”
The article lists Freeman George as one of the survivors, but the experience, as his friends and family later noted, scarred him and possibly caused his future emotional and psychological distress. After this terrible accident, George attempted to start his life over again. He fought for the Mexican Liberal Army in the Reform War of 1857-1861, but hunger and exposure on the front worsened his physical condition. Upon returning to St. Louis, he tried to find employment and actively participated in Eliot’s congregation. However, according to the minister, George’s recent personal tragedies led him down the path of moral depravity, and the night before his death he was seen carousing with prostitutes, gambling, and drinking on a docked showboat. He jumped off the side into the depths of the Mississippi the next day, a water-logged letter to his mother found wedged in his coat pocket. George’s story shows that everyday life in 1850s St. Louis was full of opportunities for self-improvement but also fraught with danger. Although no longer a sleepy frontier town, it still provided individuals with social and cultural freedoms not available in larger, more established cities. This episode also reveals the extent to which Eliot was involved in the lives of his parishioners, and his concern for their moral and spiritual state.
Two years ago, when the Steamer ‘Cressman’ was burnt, in the lower Mississippi, he was a passenger, & e[s]caped under circumstances of the greatest danger, but from both from ‘fire & plume’. The shock experienced by him was terrible, & being of delicate & fractious nerves tem permanent, he never recovered from it. Six months Only a few months since he said to the evil of this notion, that he did not feel himself to be the same man after that fearful experience. He partially destroyed the balance of his mind. He has also [^occasionally] suffered, for two years past, from some illness painful illness & at times had reason to approach the decision and called (popularly) ‘softening of the brain’. Last winter, being temporarily unemployed, he went to Mexico, where for 4 or 5 months he served as a volunteer in the Liberal army, & was engaged in the battle of “Loma Alta” with great credit to himself. The account in the “Repub[lican]” of July 12th of
“The Condition of Mexico” was written by him, & indicates the thoughtfulness with which he studied passing events. But while in Mexico, & [illegible] in his setting home-wards, he suffered [^endured almost inconceivable] hard life & was exposed to [^the continual] partial dangers & sufferings. Those who heard his vivid narration of them could not but wonder that he had returned alive. He was, however, in a condition of weakness, both mental and physical, from which he was uncured. The water will now have uncovered the explanation, as far as he can find it, of the last fatal and which transmitted the life of ^Freeman George. Symptoms of time – passing of mind, the result of sickness & exposure, had been observed & spoken of by much of his friends, but no one had thought of so sad a result.
Images: William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 01, Notebook 5, pages 62-63.
Sources: William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers; “New Madrid MO Steamer Col. Cressman Burns,” The New York Times, February 11, 1858.
Immigrants and Nativists in St. Louis: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
Posted by Bianca Lopez, PhD candidate in History
Before the outbreak of the Civil War, St. Louis’s population ebbed and flowed as various groups of immigrants and travelers arrived from east and south. Some were pioneers, who stopped in the city only temporarily before continuing their journey west towards the Pacific Ocean. Others, mostly German and Irish immigrants, settled in St. Louis, seeking out employment in the railroad or shipping industries. Additionally, runaway slaves fleeing on the Underground Railroad stopped through St. Louis before heading to Illinois, often during the dead of night. This topic was one of many addressed by Eliot.
St. Louis' Reaction
However, many St. Louisans did not welcome newcomers, who were often denied food, accommodations, or short-term employment. Reporters and religious leaders decried their presence, and the whole social phenomenon attracted the attention of politicians. For instance, Whig politicians used immigration fears as a device to win elections, arguing that surely the city would become a Catholic, Democratic haven if the current migration trend were to continue. Nativism ran rampant, and critics of immigration were especially worried that Germans, with their distinct form of dress, language, and culture, would turn St. Louis into a “Deutchtown,” just as a neighborhood on the city’s southern periphery already gained the nickname of Dutchtown.
By 1860, German-speakers helped to shape civic identity, and had a part to play in the Civil War. Their Republican, anti-slavery leanings pitted them against Southern-sympathizers, who gathered around the St. Louis Arsenal shouting anti-German remarks when General Nathaniel Lyon ordered his troops to fire into the crowd, killing dozens of civilians.
Eliot's Reaction
Having heard about the Mullanphy Bequest, a former mayor’s donation of a half-million dollars to create a house for immigrants, Eliot drafted the following letter in his diary, addressed to the presiding mayor, giving instructions on how to best support immigrant communities. In his letter, he was very careful to discern between those worthy of financial aid and those who were not. Funding for travelers just passing through would be available for only six months to discourage paupers from settling in the city. On the other hand, city officials should hire migrants from foreign lands to construct public works, paying wages rather than giving charity. These recommendations demonstrate that Eliot’s attitude towards immigration resembled his outlook towards sanitation, temperance, and abolition. Just as in these realms, Eliot desired to improve the social conditions of immigrants through indirect institutional reform, rather than by promoting radical laws. In June 1860, Eliot composed,
Honorable O. D. Filley. Mayor of S Louis. Sir. --
In reply to your letter ^received to-day, asking suggestions concerning the best mode of applying the Mullanphy Bequest “to furnish relief to all poor emigrants & travelers coming to St. Louis on their way boná fide to settle in the West,”
I take the liberty of suggesting that these principles should be strictly adhered to:
1. That relief should be given from this fund to the proper recipients for a term of not more than six months; interpreting the words, “on their way,” literally, and relieving the traveler or emigrant only while getting settled in the city, or in removal therefrom. Otherwise the bequest will fill the city with permanent paupers.
2. That preference be given, according to what I regard the spirit of the bequest, to Foreigners, direct emigrants from Europe.
3. That the relief should be chiefly in giving Employment at good wages, and never as a gratuity, except to the sick or helpless. (The children of those assisted should be kept at school, to learn English.) Under this rule, the bequest can be made to improve the city in prosecution of public works, etc.; and special exceptions to application of Rule 1st or above could be made, in favor of good and faithful workmen, or for special reasons.
4. The children of those assisted or employed should be required to be kept at an School, to learn reading & writing in English,- if between 6 and 14 years of age.
I think that these Rules should be established by the City Government, as a sort of Constitution-al Law, under which the charity shall be ad-ministered, subject to alteration or amendment only by a two thirds vote of the Council ^with approval of Mayor. The details of expenditure & arrangement should be intrusted [sic] to a Board of Seven Commissioners, composed as follows: 1. The Mayor of the City. or the Judge of some other prominent court, or some public officer not elected by the people. 2. One of the Judges of the U. S. District Court,- to be designated by themselves. 3. Two Members of the Council, to be nominated & selected by themselves, annually. 4. Three Citizens,- American, (^or fully naturalized,]) House-holders & Tax Payers,- to be nominated by the Mayor & elected by the Council, for a term of Three years, one retiring each year.
Images: William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 01, Notebook 5, pages 55 (top) and page 56 (lower) .
You can read more of Eliot’s collection by perusing his materials available online at Missouri Digital Heritage. Follow this link to read the rest of Notebook 5.
To find out more about Eliot, please consult theonline research guide to the William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers housed at University Archives.
Sources: Adam Arenson, The Great Heart of the Republic: St. Louis and the Cultural Civil War; William C. Winter, The Civil War in St. Louis: A Guided Tour; James Neal Primm, Lion of the Valley: St. Louis, Missouri, Second Edition.
Posted by Miranda Rectenwald on 02/20/2013 at 03:55 PM in From the Archives, From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot , St. Louis | Permalink | Comments (0)
The Independent Western Sanitary Commission: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
In June of 1861, the United States Congress created the U.S. Sanitary Commission, a government organization that would funnel funds and resources to army camps throughout the country, including Missouri. However, the Commission could not efficiently help camps near St. Louis, which remained in crisis. To counteract this dilemma, William Greenleaf Eliot and his friend James E. Yeatman began a campaign to instate a sanitary commission based in St. Louis to operate independent of, but parallel to, the official Commission. General John C. Frémont ratified their proposal in September, and the Western Sanitary Commission began operations days later.
This organization would work to establish new, clean hospitals and reform hygienic and moral conditions at army camps. It would help to regulate the different followers who amassed themselves near camps, including nurses tending the wounded. It would enlist nurses under the supervision of the general superintendent of the Nurses of Military Hospitals in the United States, Dorothea Dix. Incidentally, Dix had a reputation for having a rigorous selection process for her nurses: women had to be over thirty, not married, and plainly dressed. These strict measures reflect changing gender roles during the Civil War: if women were to enter the work force as nurses, they would have to appear more morally upright and modest than ordinary women.
The groundwork for the Commission was laid by the philanthropic group of elites to which Eliot belonged. Together, Eliot and his friends spearheaded local temperance movements, supported abolitionism, and encouraged school reform. Eliot’s motivations were also influenced by Unitarian theology: to raise the spirits of a congregation, one had to care for bodies and souls. As a private citizen in a fiercely factional city, Eliot could not individually treat those in need without risking violent retribution. Gaining some sort of official approval helped his cause, but he still had to go about his responsibilities for the Commission in secret. As he later stated in his journal, “Not one-fourth of the city’s wealthy and influential classes were loyal to the Union, one half of the cannon[s] planted on the forts for the defense of the city were pointed at the city, to keep in awe the enemies within.”
In all, the need for a Western Sanitary Commission speaks to the limited capacities of government agencies in western states during crises. With the U. S. Sanitary Commission all the way on the East Coast, there was no way to systematically funnel resources and funding to armies in the Mississippi Valley.
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Posted by Sonya Rooney on 01/09/2013 at 08:30 AM in From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot | Permalink | Comments (0)
Letters to Family: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
The William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers also include correspondence from Eliot to family members, friends, and prominent individuals written throughout his lifetime. Some of these letters date to the Civil War period and provide an intimate portrayal of everyday life in a war-time border state. They also reveal Eliot sharing his thoughts and opinions on abolitionism with direct and plainspoken language, something he usually avoided.
The first letter featured here was written in August of 1862 by Eliot to his son Thomas Lamb Eliot, who that year had joined the Missouri Home Guard, a local standing militia that contained both Union and Confederate sympathizers. He enlisted as a soldier after partaking in Washington University’s first graduation ceremony. In his letter, Eliot wrote to his son that both city and state were both so immersed in war that he would find it difficult to travel. He also mentioned that a war meeting took place the night before, but that he was skeptical that that it would amount to tangible political and financial support for St. Louis. “Nothing but victory in Virginia,” he commented, “will straighten us here.” Both of these inclusions point to the difficulties of everyday life in St. Louis that year.
St. Louis Friday. Aug[ust] 22. 1862
Dear Thom. The information has been so positive of your all returning that we have not written for 2 or 3 days: And now we are looking for you tomorrow! But it will be safe-side-acal to write a line. I shall not go away at present. Things are too much disturbed thru’ out the State & City. All of us are well, and that is the substance of all news. There was a big war-meeting last night, with big talk: vox et praeterea -- but perhaps something will come of it. Nothing but victory in Virginia will straighten us here. Your letters are a great comfort to us: and in a month or two we sh[oul]d begin to feel easy!
Y[ou]r Affec[tionate].
Father W[illia]m G. Eliot
Aug[ust].22 Lexington.
Series 02, Box 01, Folder 1862, 22 Aug
The next letter also dates to December of 1862 and was likewise addressed to a family member, in this case “Mama,” or Eliot’s wife Abigail Adams Cranch, who remained in St. Louis while he travelled northeast to visit his family. Here, Eliot reveals his true resentment for Boston-based abolitionists, who he called “Pharisees.” He described their attempts to sabotage the entire anti-slavery movement, a situation that filled him with so much rage that it influenced his decision to leave Boston early for New York City. He also recalled his time spent in Philadelphia, where he visited the Soldiers Refreshment Saloon, a bar maintained and financed by the city’s residents
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Slavery & Abolition: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
Although William Greenleaf Eliot was a moderate abolitionist, he frequently practiced anti-slavery activism in St. Louis. His primary form of protest was to use his personal funds to buy slaves and then set them free. This policy demonstrates his belief in gradual emancipation, which, rather than demanding a radical law to free them all at once, called for individuals to slowly give up slaves as property so as to avoid social upheaval.
The following examples of slave purchase receipts are very useful for social historians, scholars who study the vagaries of everyday life.
Social historians of the Civil War can use these sources to demonstrate price fluctuations, relationships between slave holders, and narratives of slave transport. The receipts pertaining to Eliot are especially revealing because they disclose his participation in the local slave economy as an abolitionist, something that would seem very distasteful to abolitionists from northern states. However, it would have been very difficult to completely avoid participation in the slave economy, as even materials made of cotton or molasses came from slave production.
Eliot Notebook 5, page 34:
May 22! [18]60 Have spent great part of the day in getting Sarah Green out of Lynch’s slave yard, where a villain named Samuel K. Wilson had kept her for six weeks. Paid him $950. and sent her home to her Father & Mother, Alek. & Edith Green, who will gradually pay for her, - Charles Miller giving security for their doing so, in 6., 12., & 18. Mo[nths]. What a blessing Slavery is!
Eliot correspondence, Box 01, Folder 1842:
Know – all men by these presents, that I Johnson Hellen of Washington City, for the consideration of the sum of one hundred and twenty five dollars, to me in hand paid, by William G. Elliot, of the said City, the receipt where of I do hereby acknowledge, have bargained, sold, delivered and conveyed, and by the presents do bargain, sell, deliver and convey, unto the said William G. Elliot, his executors and administrators, my yellow girl, called Virginia, to serve as a slave, until she attains the age of twenty five, and from and after her arrival at that age, the said girl Virginia, to be free and absolved from slavery which said girl until she attains the age of twenty five, and any issue she may have to serve until they search that age, I will warrant and defend to the said William G. Elliot, his executors and administrators, against me and my executors and administrators, and against every other person or persons whomsoever. In witness whereof, I have on this 6th day of October in the year 1842 set my hand, and seal to these presents the words and any issue she may have to serve until they reach that age, first inserted. Witness Johnson Hellen {seal} Sam [Harkness] Virginia was emancipated – she has since married Wm. Parks, handyman – and is I believe very happily settled. W.G.E.
Series 03 Box 01, Folder 1850:
From Frank Kassin
In consideration of Five hundred dollars to me paid by Wm. G. Eliot Jr. I hereby assign and transfer to him my servant Lydia, by me bought of Dr. Libbitt, by deed dated this day, to his own use forever, subject to my bond for redemption when repayment to me of said sum of money, be assuming the same obligation: This transfer is made to secure his signature to a Bill for $600$ drawn upon me this day, and payable at [Laffock] Bank, Boston, 90 days after date. This transfer shall also take effect in case of my death, [before] said payment, subject to the same condition, and to account to my estate. St. Louis, Ap[ri]l. 15th. 1850. John A Kassin
Reply by Eliot
Apr. 15. 1850. Be it known to all whom it may concern, that if, under the above transfer, the said Lydia is or shall become my property, then do I hereby declare her free from all bondage, and in case of my death I desire my executors to perfect her freedom by paying all damages to whomsoever it may concern, out of my estate. Wm. G. Eliot Jr.
Images: William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 01, Notebook 5, page 34; William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 02, folder 1842; William Greenleaf Eliot Personal Papers, Series 03, folder 1850. 15 April.
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Posted by Miranda Rectenwald on 11/28/2012 at 02:36 PM in From the Archives, From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot , St. Louis, University History | Permalink | Comments (1)
“Rebel City in a Rebel State”: From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot
In the fall of 1861, the escalating Civil War had thrown Missouri into turmoil. As a border state that remained in the Union yet one that continued to practice slavery, Missouri was in a complicated position. Union general John C. Frémont had declared martial law, and soon all property, including slaves, belonging to dissenters could be confiscated for army use. Since most of the St. Louis’s population sided with the South, this declaration caused utter social and economic havoc in city and countryside.
By the time war broke out, Unitarian minister William Greenleaf Eliot had become heavily involved in getting the fledgling Washington University off the ground through securing funds and land. Now it seemed as though all of his work might be lost. He took it upon himself to write to the Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase on September 8th in order to ask for President Abraham Lincoln’s assistance in protecting St. Louis.
In his letter, Eliot emphasized the urgency of the situation, writing, “My desire is to call your attention to the critical condition of Missouri, and the necessity of a vigorous policy & strong measures to save it from complete utter devastation.” In Eliot’s view, spies were taking advantage of the city’s lack of standing army by secretly inviting floating Southern troops to take St. Louis as a choke point on the Mississippi.
Eliot referred to the recent territorial losses experienced by General Frémont in Missouri. By the end of the September, however, the Union army’s fortunes had reversed, as the Confederates made a retreat for Arkansas and Mississippi.
A majority of St. Louisans at the time favored secession, and Eliot feared that the city might capitulate. He ended his letter to Chase with a direct plea: “Pardon my intrusion. My whole heart is this cause. The war of Barbarism against Civilization, of Slavery against Freedom, is the great event of the 19th C[entury].” Eliot’s use of slavery and freedom referred to his own growing public reputation as an abolitionist, but it also hints at the contemporary practice of using liberation as a metaphor for national union.
Hon. J. P. Chase. Dear Sir, Will you permit me again to address you upon public affairs, and to request you to lay ^place my letter before the President, if you consider it worthy of such regard. My desire is to call your attention to the critical condition of Missouri, and the necessity of a vigorous policy & strong measures to save it from complete utter devastation. The great difficulty is that two thirds of the State are disloyal, and a large part of the remainder inactive. A more paralysis is on the Union men, and the most diabolical zeal animates the Rebels. They seem determined to force M[iss]o[uri] from the Union, by first making it impossible for Union men to live here, and they stop [illegible] of no villainy or wickedness to gain their end. [They know that it is a matter of life & death with them, for if Missouri is made loyal, it will be the same fact be made a free state, and their occupation is gone.] Nothing but a strong army of occupation can hold the state & prevent its social destruction. A month ago we were at the brink of ruin. I have reason to know that an uprising of the Secessionists, aided by large number of floating population not belonging to us, is St. Louis, was fully arranged, to welcome the Public Armies. The day was fixed, the plans matured. Pillow, Hardee & McCullogh, counting confidently on Lyon’s defeat, expected to march here by the 20th Aug[ust]. They knew the utter defenseless condition of St. Louis, that we had neither troops, nor ammunition, & no organization of the Union part of the peoples. They knew, by their spies here, that General Fremont had no means of reinforcing Lyon, & were therefore sure of victory. On this subject by the way, great error has prevailed in this city, and perhaps may have extended to Washington. Genl F. & Major: McK. [Justin McKinstry] are surely blamed for not sending reinforc[emen]ts to Springfield, - when they had none to send...no one can tell whom to trust. Political, moral & social consideration are so mixed together, that men who ought to be true prove false, and a [illegible] necessary [dwells?] upon the Commander in chief to oversee & inspect by this for himself. Pardon my intrusion. My whole heart is this cause. The war of Barbarism against Civilization, of Slavery against Freedom, is the great event of the 19th C[entury]. May God protect the right. Y[ou]rs. truly, -- Copied & Sent Sept. 8th 1861
You can read more of Eliot’s online collection by perusing his materials at Missouri Digital Heritage, or following this link to read the rest of Notebook 6.
Source: Miranda Rectenwald and Sonya Rooney, “‘Shall we be one strong united people...’” The Confluence, Spring/Summer 2011.
Posted by Meg Tuomala on 10/11/2012 at 10:11 AM in From the Desk of William Greenleaf Eliot | Permalink | Comments (0)
Exhibition Talk: “Pulled from the Flames: The Remarkable Backstory behind ‘Round Trip’”
Exhibit "Round Trip: Bicycling Asia Minor, 1891"
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Social Work: History of the Brown School
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Freshman Orientation: A Right of Passage
St. Louis, Policing, and Racism : From the Desk of Dan Bolef
Updated Collection: Department of Athletics Records
The WWI Diary of Captain Levi H. Fuson of Base Hospital 21
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Land Rover teases fancy interior of Range Rover SV Coupe, debut is set for 2018 Geneva Motor Show
Article by Christian A., on January 24, 2018
We are aware that Land Rover is currently working on a two-door Range Rover, and it was just recently that the first official teaser of the new Range Rover SV Coupe came out. This includes images of the high end SUV’s luxurious cabin. And before you ask, the latest model will make its debut at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show in March.
With the images we saw online, we could already tell that the Range Rover SV Coupe would be a highly pleasant vehicle to ride in. Up front, the seats are covered in quite, diamond quilted leather, with the same materials covering the dashboard. And in the rear, the same chairs are covered in a dark navy blue shade instead, giving it contrast, and at the same time, a luxurious feel. The center console has a wood trim that stretches to the entire length of the cabin, and this is paired with metallic trim that gives it a high-end appearance and feel.
It seems like the infotainment system will get the design of the Range Rover Velar. There is also a dial on the center console that probably controls off-road settings in the Range Rover, suggesting that it will have the ability to drive on different surfaces.
Though we already have spy shots of the new Range Rover SV Coupe being tested in extreme conditions, the photos do not fully reveal the car’s exterior yet, though we kind of know what to expect from it. It seems like the front fascia features slight revisions over the four-door model. This includes a new shape of the grille and a fresh set of headlights. When looking at it from the side, the wheelbase looks a little shorter than the outgoing model. It also looks like it now gets a steeper rake for the glass in the hatchback.
Land Rover’s Special Vehicle Operations division will only produce a total of 999 examples of the Range Rover SV Coupe, and each one will be made by hand. This model could also be ordered by anyone from anywhere in the world.
A couple of months back, there were rumours that went around regarding a range-topping Range Rover SV Coupe that will soon be available. And since there will be a combination of exclusivity and high end finishes in this model, prices could go as high as 200,000 pounds (around $280,000 at current exchange rates).
The two-door Range Rover marks a return to form for the venerable model. The SUV was only available in a coupe variant from 1970 to 1981 and it remained as an option for years after that.
Who amongst you are excited to get your hands on this limited edition, ultra luxurious two door version of the Range Rover SUV?
LIMITED EDITION RANGE ROVER SV COUPE SET FOR WORLD DEBUT AT 2018 GENEVA INTERNATIONAL MOTOR SHOW
Today, Land Rover announces the introduction of an all-new full-size luxury SUV coupe. The Range Rover SV Coupe will be a dramatic and desirable addition to the Range Rover model portfolio featuring a seductive body design and a supremely refined interior.
“The Range Rover SV Coupe is a highly compelling design with peerless refinement and uncompromised sophistication from its breathtaking exterior proportions to its sumptuous, beautifully appointed, interior. This is a vehicle that will resonate on an emotional level,” said Gerry McGovern, Land Rover Chief Design Officer.
The SV Coupe is a celebration of the Range Rover bloodline, with a dramatic two- door silhouette which alludes to its unique heritage – the Range Rover launched as a two-door in 1970 – while being thoroughly modern and contemporary.
The interior image released today illustrates that traditional skills have combined with the latest technologies throughout the cabin to exquisite effect. Stunning to the eye, sumptuous to the touch, it is a light, contemporary space where attention to detail has been paramount.
Land Rover Design and Special Vehicle Operations have created the Range Rover SV Coupe, which will be hand-assembled at the SV Technical Center in Ryton-on- Dunsmore in Warwickshire, UK. Production will be limited to no more than 999 vehicles for worldwide distribution.
“Land Rover created the luxury SUV sector with Range Rover almost 50 years ago. In launching the new Range Rover SV Coupe, we will offer clients an alluring combination of peerless luxury and rarity,” said John Edwards, Land Rover Special Operations Managing Director. “Unveiling this special vehicle at the Geneva International Motor Show in March, during Land Rover’s 70th Anniversary year, will be a defining moment for Land Rover, the Range Rover portfolio and Special Vehicle Operations.”
A full range of images and specification details for the new Range Rover SV Coupe, will be revealed at www.landroverusa.com on March 6, 2018.
About Land Rover
Founded in 1948, Land Rover designs, engineers, and manufactures its vehicles in the United Kingdom. For almost 70 years the brand has built a reputation for providing its clientele with some of the most luxurious and capable vehicles in the world; whether driving through the heart of the city or traversing the countryside on- and off-road. Today's Land Rover lineup includes the Discovery and Discovery Sport; Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Velar and Range Rover Evoque. Land Rover is fully engaged with sustainability initiatives and social concerns with continuous involvement in environmental and community programs. For more information, visit the official Land Rover website at www.landroverusa.com.
About Jaguar Land Rover
Jaguar Land Rover is the UK’s largest automotive manufacturer, built around two iconic British car brands: Land Rover, the world’s leading manufacturer of premium all-wheel-drive vehicles; and Jaguar, one of the world’s premier luxury sports sedan and sports car marques.
The company employs over 40,000 people globally, with 330 in the U.S. and supports around 275,000 more through our dealerships, suppliers and local businesses. Manufacturing is centered in the UK, with additional plants in China, Brazil, India and Slovakia.
At Jaguar Land Rover we are driven by a desire to create class-leading products that deliver great customer experiences. The largest investor in R&D in the UK manufacturing sector, we have invested £12 billion (USD$15.7 billion) in the last five years and in the current year alone will spend over £3.5 billion (USD$4.5 billion) on new product creation and capital expenditure. Last year Jaguar Land Rover sold over 583,000 vehicles in 136 countries, with nearly 80 percent of our vehicles produced in the UK being sold abroad.
Source: Land Rover
Topics: land rover, range rover, coupe, geneva motor show
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Hippocampus (mythology)
"Hippocamp" redirects here. For the moon of Neptune, see Hippocamp (moon).
Winged hippocamp in an Art Deco fountain, Kansas City, Missouri, (1937)
The hippocampus or hippocamp, also hippokampos (plural: hippocampi or hippocamps; Greek: ἱππόκαμπος, from ἵππος, "horse" and κάμπος, "sea monster"[1]), often called a sea-horse[2] in English, is a mythological creature shared by Phoenician,[3] Etruscan, Pictish, Roman and Greek mythology, though its name has a Greek origin; the hippocampus has typically been depicted as having the upper body of a horse with the lower body of a fish.
1 Mythology
1.1 Greek and Roman
1.2 Etruscan
1.3 Pictish
1.4 Medieval, Renaissance, and Modern
2 Capricornus and related mythical animals
3 Astronomy
Mythology[edit]
Coins minted at Tyre around the 4th century BC show the patron god Melqart riding on a winged hippocampus and accompanied by dolphins.[3] Coins of the same period from Byblos show a hippocampus diving under a galley.[4][5]
A gold sea-horse was discovered in a hoard from the kingdom of Lydia in Asia minor, dating to the 6th century BC.[6]
Greek and Roman[edit]
Hippocampus in Roman mosaic in the thermae at Aquae Sulis (Bath)
In the Iliad, Homer describes Poseidon, god of horses, earthquakes, and the sea, driving a chariot drawn by brazen-hoofed horses over the sea's surface,[7] and Apollonius of Rhodes, describes the horse of Poseidon emerging from the sea and galloping across the Libyan sands;[8] this compares to the specifically "two-hoofed" hippocampi of Gaius Valerius Flaccus in his Argonautica: "Orion when grasping his father’s reins heaves the sea with the snorting of his two-hooved horses."[9] In Hellenistic and Roman imagery, however, Poseidon (or Roman Neptune) often drives a sea-chariot drawn by hippocampi, thus hippocampi sport with this god in both ancient depictions and much more modern ones, such as in the waters of the 18th-century Trevi Fountain in Rome surveyed by Neptune from his niche above.
The appearance of hippocampi in both freshwater and saltwater is counter-intuitive to a modern audience, though not to an ancient one; the Greek picture of the natural hydrological cycle did not take into account the condensation of atmospheric water as rain to replenish the water table, but imagined the waters of the sea oozing back landwards through vast underground caverns and aquifers, rising replenished and freshened in springs.[10]
Tritons and winged hippocampi in the Trevi Fountain, Rome
Thus it was natural for a temple at Helike in the coastal plain of Achaea to be dedicated to Poseidon Helikonios, (the Poseidon of Helicon), the sacred spring of Boeotian Helikon;[11] when an earthquake suddenly submerged the city, the temple's bronze Poseidon accompanied by hippocampi continued to snag fishermens' nets.[12] Likewise, the hippocampus was considered an appropriate decoration for mosaics in Roman thermae or public baths, as at Aquae Sulis modern day Bath in Britannia.
Poseidon's horses, which were included in the elaborate sculptural program of gilt-bronze and ivory, added by a Roman client to the temple of Poseidon at Corinth, are likely to have been hippocampi; the Romanised Greek Pausanias described the rich ensemble in the later 2nd century AD (Geography of Greece ii.1.7-.8):
On the temple, which is not very large, stand bronze Tritons. In the fore-temple are images, two of Poseidon, a third of Amphitrite, and a Sea, which also is of bronze; the offerings inside were dedicated in our time by Herodes Atticus, four horses, gilded except for the hoofs, which are of ivory, and two gold Tritons beside the horses, with the parts below the waist of ivory. On the car stand Amphitrite and Poseidon, and there is the boy Palaemon upright upon a dolphin; these too are made of ivory and gold. On the middle of the base on which the car has been wrought a Sea holding up the young Aphrodite, and on either side are the nymphs called Nereids.
Etruscan[edit]
Hippocampi appear with the first Oriental-phase of Etruscan civilization: they remain a theme in Etruscan tomb wall-paintings and reliefs,[13] where they are sometimes provided with wings, as they are in the Trevi fountain. Katharine Shepard found in the theme an Etruscan belief in a sea-voyage to the other world.[14]
Pictish[edit]
The sea-horse also appears in Pictish stone carvings in Scotland; the symbolism of the carving (also known as "Pictish Beast" or "Kelpie") is unknown. Although similar but not identical to Roman sea-horse images, it is unclear whether this depiction originates from images brought over by the Romans, or had a place in earlier Pictish mythology.[15]
Medieval, Renaissance, and Modern[edit]
The "sea-horse" in medieval heraldry was a legendary creature that was part horse and part fish, not to be confused with the later heraldic hippocampus, which was a natural seahorse.
Hippocampi in Dublin, Ireland.
The mythic hippocampus has been used as a heraldic charge, particularly since the Renaissance, most often in the armorial bearings of people and places with maritime associations. However, in a blazon, the terms hippocamp and hippocampus now refer to the real animal called a seahorse, and the terms seahorse and sea-horse refer to the mythological creature; the above-mentioned fish hybrids are seen less frequently.[16]
The sea-horse is also a common image in Renaissance and post-renaissance art, for example, in the Trevi fountain, dating to 1732.
A winged hippocampus has been used as a symbol for Air France since its establishment in 1933 (inherited from its predecessor Air Orient); it appears today on the engine nacelles of Air France aircraft.
Bronze hippokampoi appear in Dublin, Leinster, Ireland on lampposts next to a statue of Henry Grattan and on Grattan Bridge.
Capricornus and related mythical animals[edit]
Closely related to the hippocampus is the "sea goat", represented by Capricorn, a mythical creature with the front half of a goat and the rear half of a fish. Canonical figures, most of which were not themselves cult images, and coins of the Carian goddess associated with Aphrodite as the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias through interpretatio graeca, show the goddess riding on a sea-goat.[17] Brody describes her thus:[18]
... a semi-nude female figure appears riding on a sea-goat, accompanied by a dolphin and a Triton. This is the goddess Aphrodite herself, shown here not in her distinctive local guise but in a more traditionally Hellenistic style, she is the marine aspect of Aphrodite, known to the Greeks as Aphrodite Pelagia .... She rides on a fantastic marine creature with the body and tail of a fish and the forepart of a goat; this sea-goat moves to the right and turns his head back to look at the goddess. This group also appears on Aphrodisian coins from the 3rd century A.D.
Aside from aigikampoi, the fish-tailed goats representing Capricorn,[17] other fish-tailed animals rarely appeared in Greek art, but are more characteristic of the Etruscans; these include leokampoi (fish-tailed lions), taurokampoi (fish-tailed bulls) or pardalokampoi (fish-tailed leopards).[19]
Astronomy[edit]
In 2019, a small moon of Neptune was named Hippocamp, after the creature.[20]
List of hybrid creatures in mythology
Capricorn (astrology)
Catoblepas
Water horse
^ Word origin of Hippocampus at reference.com; compare the nameless monster Campe.
^ The hyphen distinguishes from the seahorse, a real fish.
^ a b Israel Antiquities Authority, Yizre'el Valley silver hoard (retrieved Jan 10 2013)
^ Stater of Byblos with galley | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
^ Byblos at NumisBids
^ Sharon Waxman, Loot: The Battle over the Stolen Treasures of the Ancient World, Chapter 6; excerpt in Smithsonian, Nov. 14, 2008 (retrieved Jan 10 2013).
^ Homer, Iliad xiii. 24, 29;
^ Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica (iv.1353ff)
^ Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 2.507.
^ This made credible the mythic undersea passage of the fountain nymph Arethusa from Greece to Sicily. The summary given of the ancients' view of the hydrological cycle is outlined by the Roman Epicurean Lucretius' De rerum natura (vi.631-38).
^ Strabo: "The sea was raised by an earthquake and it submerged Helike and also the temple of Poseidon Helikonios..." (Geography 8.7.2).
^ According to Eratosthenes, noted by Strabo (loc. cit.).
^ Etruscan sea creatures, including a range of hippocampi, are set in cultural context and ordered by typology in Monika Boosen, Etruskische Meeresmischwesen: Untersuchungen zur Typologie u. Bedeutung (Archaeologica 59) (Rome:Bretschneider) 1986.
^ Katharine Shepard, The Fish-Tailed Monster in Greek and Etruscan Art, 1940, pp 25ff; the thesis was, exceptionally, reviewed (by G.W. Elderkin) in American Journal of Archaeology 45.2 (April 1941), pp. 307-308: available on-line through JSTOR.
^ Nigella Hillgarth, Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institute of Oceanography, in Myth, Legend & Art[permanent dead link], January 8, 2010 (retrieved January 10, 2013)
^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles. Complete Guide to Heraldry, 1978.
^ a b Imhoof-Blümer, Kleinasiatische Müntzen plate IV, no 14, noted in Elderkin 1941:307
^ Lisa R. Brody, under the direction of Christopher Ratté, "The Iconography and Cult of the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias" (dead link- archive version here), New York University, Institute of Fine Arts, 1999. (google books link)
^ Ippokampoi at Theoi Project (retrieved Jan. 11, 2013); see also Booson 1986.
^ Scientists reveal Neptune's tiny new moon, Hippocamp
Classical references: Homer, Iliad xlii. 24, 29; Euripides, Andromache 1012; Virgil Georgics iv. 389; Philostratus Imagines i. 8; Statius Thebaid ii. 45 and Achilleid 1.25.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "article name needed" . Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London: John Murray.
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A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae; some floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, called "pebble mosaics". Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics. Mosaic was used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art, including Islam's first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.
Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century. Modern mosaics are made by professional artists, street artists, as a popular craft. Many materials other than traditional stone and ceramic tesserae may be employed, including shells and beads; the earliest known examples of mosaics made of different materials were found at a temple building in Abra and are dated to the second half of 3rd millennium BC. They consist of pieces of colored stones and ivory. Excavations at Susa and Chogha Zanbil show evidence of the first glazed tiles, dating from around 1500 BC. However, mosaic patterns were not used until the times of Roman influence. Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design, with emphasized borders. Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl.
Both of these themes were copied. Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. There were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic: opus vermiculatum used tiny tesserae cubes of 4 millimeters or less, was produced in workshops in small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support; the tiny tesserae allowed fine detail, an approach to the illusionism of painting. Small panels called emblemata were inserted into walls or as the highlights of larger floor-mosaics in coarser work.
The normal technique was opus tessellatum, using larger tesserae, laid on site. There was a distinct native Italian style using black on a white background, no doubt cheaper than coloured work. In Rome and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, wall mosaics are found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites; however it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which represent the style of contemporary palace decoration; the mosaics of the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina in Sicily are the largest collection of late Roman mosaics in situ in the world, are protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The large villa rustica, owned by Emperor Maximian, was built in the early 4th century.
The mosaics were covered and protected for 700 years by a landslide that occurred in the 12th Century. The most important pieces are the Circus Scene, the 64m long Great Hunting Scene, the Little Hunt, the Labours of Hercules and the famous Bikini Girls, showing women undertaking a range of sporting activities in garments that resemble 20th Century bikinis; the peristyle, the imperial apartments and the thermae were decorated with ornamental and mythological mosaics. Other important examples of Roman mosaic art in Sicily were unearthed on the Piazza Vittoria in Palermo where two houses were discovered; the most important scenes there depicted are an Orpheus mosaic, Alexander the Great's Hunt and the Four Seasons. In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working
Corinth is an ancient city and former municipality in Corinthia, located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit, it is the capital of Corinthia. It was founded as Nea Korinthos or New Corinth in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of ancient Corinth. Located about 78 kilometres west of Athens, Corinth is surrounded by the coastal townlets of Lechaio, Isthmia and the inland townlets of Examilia and the archaeological site and village of ancient Corinth. Natural features around the city include the narrow coastal plain of Vocha, the Corinthian Gulf, the Isthmus of Corinth cut by its canal, the Saronic Gulf, the Oneia Mountains, the monolithic rock of Acrocorinth, where the medieval acropolis was built. Corinth derives its name from a city-state of antiquity; the site was occupied from before 3000 BC. But historical sources about the city concerns the early 8th century BC, when Corinth began to develop as a commercial center.
Between the 8th and 7th centuries, the Bacchiad family ruled Corinth. Cypselus overthrew the Bacchiad family, between 657 and 550 BC, he and his son Periander ruled Corinth as the Tyrants. In about 550 BC, an oligarchical government seized power; this government allied with Sparta within the Peloponnesian League, Corinth participated in the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War as an ally of Sparta. After Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian war, the two allies fell out with one another, Corinth pursued an independent policy in the various wars of the early 4th century BC. After the Macedonian conquest of Greece, the Acrocorinth was the seat of a Macedonian garrison until 243 BC, when the city was liberated and joined the Achaean League. Nearly a century in 146 BC, Corinth was captured and destroyed by Roman armies; as a Roman colony in 44 BC, Corinth flourished and became the administrative capital of the Roman province of Achaea. In 1858, the old city, now known as Ancient Corinth, located 3 kilometres south-west of the modern city, was destroyed by a magnitude 6.5 earthquake.
New Corinth was built to the north-east of it, on the coast of the Gulf of Corinth. In 1928 a magnitude 6.3 earthquake devastated the new city, rebuilt on the same site. In 1933 there was a great fire, the new city was rebuilt again; the Municipality of Corinth had a population of 58,192 according to the 2011 census, the second most populous municipality in the Peloponnese Region after Kalamata. The municipal unit of Corinth had 38,132 inhabitants, of which Corinth itself had 30,176 inhabitants, placing it in third place behind Kalamata and Tripoli among the cities of the Peloponnese Region; the municipal unit of Corinth includes apart from Corinth proper the town of Archaia Korinthos, the town of Examilia, the smaller settlements of Xylokeriza and Solomos. The municipal unit has an area of 102.187 km2. Corinth is a major industrial hub at a national level; the Corinth Refinery is one of the largest oil refining industrial complexes in Europe. Copper cables, petroleum products, medical equipment, gypsum, ceramic tiles, mineral water and beverages, meat products, gums are produced nearby.
As of 2005, a period of deindustrialization has commenced as a large pipework complex, a textile factory and a meat packing facility diminished their operations. Corinth is a major road hub; the A7 toll motorway for Tripoli and Kalamata, branches off the A8/European route E94 toll motorway from Athens at Corinth. Corinth is the main entry point to the Peloponnesian peninsula, the southernmost area of continental Greece. KTEL Korinthias provides intercity bus service in the peninsula and to Athens via the Isthmos station southeast of the city center. Local bus service is available; the city has been connected to the Proastiakos, the Athens suburban rail network, since 2005, when the new Corinth railway station was completed. The port of Corinth, located north of the city centre and close to the northwest entrance of the Corinth Canal, at 37 56.0’ N / 22 56.0’ E, serves the local needs of industry and agriculture. It is a cargo exporting facility, it is an artificial harbour (depth 9 metres, protected by a concrete mole.
A new pier finished in the late 1980s doubled the capacity of the port. The reinforced mole protects anchored vessels from strong northern winds. Within the port operates a customs office facility and a Hellenic Coast Guard post. Sea traffic is limited to trade in the export of local produce citrus fruits, marble and some domestic imports; the port operates as a contingency facility for general cargo ships, bulk carriers and ROROs, in case of strikes at Piraeus port. There was a ferry link to Catania and Genoa in Italy; the Corinth Canal, carrying ship traffic between the western Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, is about 4 kilometres east of the city, cutting through the Isthmus of Corinth that connects the Peloponnesian peninsula to the Greek mainland, thus making the former an island. The builders dug the canal through the Isthmus at sea level, it is 6.4 kilometres in length and only 21.3 metres (70
Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, jewelry, cars, movie theatres, ocean liners, everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners, it took its name, short for Arts Décoratifs, from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes held in Paris in 1925. It combined modern styles with rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour and faith in social and technological progress. Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. From its outset, Art Deco was influenced by the bold geometric forms of Cubism, it featured rare and expensive materials, such as ebony and ivory, exquisite craftsmanship. The Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are monuments of the Art Deco style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the Art Deco style became more subdued.
New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel, plastic. A sleeker form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s. Art Deco is one of the first international styles, but its dominance ended with the beginning of World War II and the rise of the functional and unadorned styles of modern architecture and the International Style of architecture that followed. Art Deco took its name, short for Arts Décoratifs, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925, though the diverse styles that characterize Art Deco had appeared in Paris and Brussels before World War I; the term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858. In 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term objets d'art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de l'Opéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile and glass designers, other craftsmen were given the status of artists by the French government. In response to this, the École royale gratuite de dessin founded in 1766 under King Louis XVI to train artists and artisans in crafts relating to the fine arts, was renamed the National School of Decorative Arts.
It took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. During the 1925 Exposition the architect Le Corbusier wrote a series of articles about the exhibition for his magazine L'Esprit Nouveau under the title, "1925 EXPO. ARTS. DÉCO." which were combined into a book, "L'art décoratif d'aujourd'hui". The book was a spirited attack on the excesses of the lavish objects at the Exposition; the actual phrase "Art déco" did not appear in print until 1966, when it featured in the title of the first modern exhibit on the subject, called Les Années 25: Art déco, Stijl, Esprit nouveau, which covered the variety of major styles in the 1920s and 1930s. The term Art déco was used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major academic book on the style: Art Deco of the 20s and 30s. Hillier noted that the term was being used by art dealers and cites The Times and an essay named "Les Arts Déco" in Elle magazine as examples of prior usage.
In 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, who until late in the 19th century had been considered as artisans; the term "arts décoratifs" had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, decorative artists were given the same rights of authorship as painters and sculptors. A similar movement developed in Italy; the first international exhibition devoted to the decorative arts, the Esposizione international d'Arte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration and L'Art décoratif moderne. Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, in the Salon d'automne.
French nationalism played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts. In 1911, the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912. No copies of old styles were to be permitted; the exhibit was postponed until 1914 because of the war, postponed until 1925, when it gave its name to the whole family of styles known as Déco. Parisian department stores and fashion designers played an important
Melqart was the tutelary god of the Phoenician city of Tyre. Melqart was titled the "Lord of Tyre" and was considered to be the progenitor of the Tyrian royal family; as Tyrian trade and colonization expanded, Melqart became venerated in Phoenician and Punic cultures from Lebanon to Spain. Melqart was written in the Phoenician abjad as MLQRT; the same name is sometimes transcribed as Melkart, Melkarth, or Melgart. The name is a variant of MLK QRT and means "King of the City". In Akkadian, his name was written Milqartu. To the Greeks and the Romans, he was identified with Hercules and, when necessary, distinguished as the Tyrian Hercules. Melqart is to have been the particular Ba‘al found in the Tanakh whose worship was prominently introduced to Israel by King Ahab and eradicated by King Jehu. In 1 Kings 18.27, it is possible that there is a mocking reference to legendary Heraclean journeys made by the god and to the annual egersis of the god: And it came to pass at noon that Elijah mocked them and said, "Cry out loud: for he is a god.
The Hellenistic novelist, Heliodorus of Emesa, in his Aethiopica, refers to the dancing of sailors in honor of the Tyrian Heracles: "Now they leap spiritedly into the air, now they bend their knees to the ground and revolve on them like persons possessed". The historian Herodotus recorded: In the wish to get the best information that I could on these matters, I made a voyage to Tyre in Phoenicia, hearing there was a temple of Heracles at that place highly venerated. I visited the temple, found it richly adorned with a number of offerings, among which were two pillars, one of pure gold, the other of smaragdos, shining with great brilliance at night. In a conversation which I held with the priests, I inquired how long their temple had been built, found by their answer that they, differed from the Hellenes, they said that the temple was built at the same time that the city was founded, that the foundation of the city took place 2,300 years ago. In Tyre I remarked another temple. So I went on to Thasos, where I found a temple of Heracles, built by the Phoenicians who colonised that island when they sailed in search of Europa.
This was five generations earlier than the time when Heracles, son of Amphitryon, was born in Hellas. These researches show plainly. Josephus records, following Menander the historian, concerning King Hiram I of Tyre: He went and cut down materials of timber out of the mountain called Lebanon, for the roof of temples; the Macedonian month of Peritius corresponds to our February, indicating this annual awakening was in no way a solstitial celebration. It would have coincided with the normal ending of the winter rains; the annual observation of the revival of Melqart's "awakening" may identify Melqart as a life-death-rebirth deity. The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus was a native of Lepcis Magna in North Africa, an Phoenician city where worship of Melqart was widespread, he is known to have constructed in Rome a temple dedicated to "Liber and Hercules", it is assumed that the Emperor, seeking to honour the god of his native city, identified Melqart with the Roman god Liber. The first occurrence of the name is in the 9th-century BCE the "Ben-Hadad" inscription found in 1939 north of Aleppo in today northern Syria.
Archaeological evidence for Melqart's cult is found earliest in Tyre and seems to have spread westward with the Phoenician colonies established by Tyre as well as overshadowing the worship of Eshmun in Sidon. The name of Melqart was invoked in oaths sanctioning contracts, according to Dr. Aubet, thus it was customary to build a temple to Melqart, as protector of Tyrian traders, in each new Phoenician colony: at Cádiz, the temple to Melqart is as early as the earliest vestiges of Phoenician occupation. Carthage sent a yearly tribute of 10% of the public treasury to the god in Tyre up until the Hellenistic period. In Tyre, the high priest of Melqart ranked second only to the king. Many names in Carthage reflected this importance of Melqart, for example, the names Hamilcar and Bomilcar. Melqart protected the Punic areas of Sicily, such as Cefalù, known under Carthaginian rule as "Cape Melqart". Melqart's head, indistinguishable from a Heracles, appeared on its coins of the 4th century BCE; the Cippi of Melqart, found on Malta and dedicated to the god as an ex voto offering, provided the key to understanding the Phoenician language, as the inscriptions on the cippi w
Orion (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Orion was a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion. Ancient sources tell several different stories about Orion; the most important recorded episodes are his birth somewhere in Boeotia, his visit to Chios where he met Merope and after he violated her, was blinded by her father, the recovery of his sight at Lemnos, his hunting with Artemis on Crete, his death by the bow of Artemis or the sting of the giant scorpion which became Scorpio, his elevation to the heavens. Most ancient sources omit some of these episodes and several tell only one; these various incidents may have been independent, unrelated stories, it is impossible to tell whether omissions are simple brevity or represent a real disagreement. In Greek literature he first appears as a great hunter in Homer's epic the Odyssey, where Odysseus sees his shade in the underworld; the bare bones of Orion's story are told by the Hellenistic and Roman collectors of myths, but there is no extant literary version of his adventures comparable, for example, to that of Jason in Apollonius of Rhodes' Argonautica or Euripides' Medea.
The surviving fragments of legend have provided a fertile field for speculation about Greek prehistory and myth. Orion served several roles in ancient Greek culture; the story of the adventures of Orion, the hunter, is the one on which there is the most evidence. Orion is mentioned in the oldest surviving works of Greek literature, which date back to the 7th or 8th century BC, but which are the products of an oral tradition with origins several centuries earlier. In Homer's Iliad Orion is described as a constellation, the star Sirius is mentioned as his dog. In the Odyssey, Odysseus sees him hunting in the underworld with a bronze club, a great slayer of animals. In the Works and Days of Hesiod, Orion is a constellation, one whose rising and setting with the sun is used to reckon the year; the legend of Orion was first told in full in a lost work by Hesiod the Astronomia. This version is known through the work of Eratosthenes on the constellations, who gives a long summary of Hesiod's episode on Orion.
According to this version, Orion was the son of the sea-god Poseidon and Euryale, daughter of Minos, King of Crete. Orion could walk on the waves because of his father. In vengeance, Oenopion blinded Orion and drove him away. Orion stumbled to Lemnos where Hephaestus — the lame smith-god — had his forge. Hephaestus told his servant, Cedalion, to guide Orion to the uttermost East where Helios, the Sun, healed him. Orion returned to Chios to punish Oenopion, but the king hid away underground and escaped Orion's wrath. Orion's next journey took him to Crete where he hunted with the goddess Artemis and her mother Leto, in the course of the hunt, threatened to kill every beast on Earth. Mother Earth objected and sent a giant scorpion to kill Orion; the creature succeeded, after his death, the goddesses asked Zeus to place Orion among the constellations. Zeus consented and, as a memorial to the hero's death, added the Scorpion to the heavens as well. Although Orion has a few lines in both Homeric poems and in the Works and Days, most of the stories about him are recorded in incidental allusions and in obscure writings.
No great poet standardized the legend. The ancient sources for Orion's legend are notes in the margins of ancient poets or compilations by scholars, the equivalent of modern reference works or encyclopedias. In several cases, including the summary of the Astronomy, although the surviving work bears the name of a famous scholar, such as Apollodorus of Athens, Eratosthenes, or Gaius Julius Hyginus, what survives is either an ancient forgery or an abridgement of the original compilation by a writer of dubious competence; the margin of the Empress Eudocia's copy of the Iliad has a note summarizing a Hellenistic poet who tells a different story of Orion's birth. Here the gods Zeus and Poseidon come to visit Hyrieus of Tanagra, who roasts a whole bull for them; when they offer him a favor, he asks for the birth of sons. The gods take the bull's hide and urinate into it and bury it in the earth tell him to dig it up ten months later; when he does, he finds Orion. A second full telling is in a Roman-era collection of myths.
Here Orion is described as earthborn and enormous in stature. This version mentions Poseidon and Euryale as his parents, it adds a first marriage to Side before
Dolphin is a common name of aquatic mammals within the order Cetacea, arbitrarily excluding whales and porpoises. The term dolphin refers to the extant families Delphinidae, Platanistidae and Pontoporiidae, the extinct Lipotidae. There are 40 extant species named as dolphins. Dolphins range in size from the 1.7 m long and 50 kg Maui's dolphin to the 9.5 m and 10 t killer whale. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, they have two limbs that are modified into flippers. Though not quite as flexible as seals, some dolphins can travel at 55.5 km/h. Dolphins use their conical shaped teeth to capture fast moving prey, they have well-developed hearing, adapted for both air and water and is so well developed that some can survive if they are blind. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths, they have a layer of blubber, under the skin to keep warm in the cold water. Although dolphins are widespread, most species prefer the warmer waters of the tropic zones, but some, like the right whale dolphin, prefer colder climates.
Dolphins feed on fish and squid, but a few, like the killer whale, feed on large mammals, like seals. Male dolphins mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a long period of time. Dolphins produce a variety of vocalizations in the form of clicks and whistles. Dolphins are sometimes hunted in places such as Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, marine pollution. Dolphins have been depicted in various cultures worldwide. Dolphins feature in literature and film, as in the film series Free Willy. Dolphins are sometimes trained to perform tricks; the most common dolphin species in captivity is the bottlenose dolphin, while there are around 60 captive killer whales. The name is from Greek δελφίς, "dolphin", related to the Greek δελφύς, "womb".
The animal's name can therefore be interpreted as meaning "a'fish' with a womb". The name was transmitted via the Latin delphinus, which in Medieval Latin became dolfinus and in Old French daulphin, which reintroduced the ph into the word; the term mereswine has historically been used. The term'dolphin' can be used to refer to, under the parvorder Odontoceti, all the species in the family Delphinidae and the river dolphin families Iniidae, Pontoporiidae and Platanistidae; this term has been misused in the US in the fishing industry, where all small cetaceans are considered porpoises, while the fish dorado is called dolphin fish. In common usage the term'whale' is used only for the larger cetacean species, while the smaller ones with a beaked or longer nose are considered'dolphins'; the name'dolphin' is used casually as a synonym for bottlenose dolphin, the most common and familiar species of dolphin. There are six species of dolphins thought of as whales, collectively known as blackfish: the killer whale, the melon-headed whale, the pygmy killer whale, the false killer whale, the two species of pilot whales, all of which are classified under the family Delphinidae and qualify as dolphins.
Though the terms'dolphin' and'porpoise' are sometimes used interchangeably, porpoises are not considered dolphins and have different physical features such as a shorter beak and spade-shaped teeth. Porpoises share a common ancestry with the Delphinidae. A group of dolphins is called a "school" or a "pod". Male dolphins are called "bulls", females "cows" and young dolphins are called "calves". Parvorder Odontoceti, toothed whales Family Platanistidae Ganges and Indus river dolphin, Platanista gangetica with two subspecies Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica gangetica Indus river dolphin, Platanista gangetica minor Family Iniidae Amazon river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis Orinoco river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana Araguaian river dolphin, Inia Araguaiaensis Bolivian river dolphin, Inia boliviensis Family Lipotidae Baiji, Lipotes vexillifer Family Pontoporiidae La Plata dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei Family Delphinidae, oceanic dolphins Genus Delphinus Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis Genus Tursiops Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus Burrunan dolphin, Tursiops australis, a newly discovered species from the sea around Melbourne in September 2011.
Genus Lissodelphis Northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis Southern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis peronii Genus Sotalia Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis Costero, Sotalia guianensis Genus Sousa Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis chinensis Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii Genus Stenella Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene Pantropical
Bath is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, known for its Roman-built baths. In 2011, the population was 88,859. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, 97 miles west of London and 11 miles south-east of Bristol; the city became a World Heritage site in 1987. The city became a spa with the Latin name Aquae Sulis c. 60 AD when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon, although hot springs were known before then. Bath Abbey became a religious centre. In the 17th century, claims were made for the curative properties of water from the springs, Bath became popular as a spa town in the Georgian era. Georgian architecture, crafted from Bath stone, includes the Royal Crescent, Pump Room and Assembly Rooms where Beau Nash presided over the city's social life from 1705 until his death in 1761. Many of the streets and squares were laid out by John Wood, the Elder, in the 18th century the city became fashionable and the population grew. Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century.
Further building was undertaken in the 19th century and following the Bath Blitz in World War II. The city has software and service-oriented industries. Theatres and other cultural and sporting venues have helped make it a major centre for tourism, with more than one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year. There are several museums including the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Victoria Art Gallery, the Museum of East Asian Art, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy and the Holburne Museum; the city has two universities – the University of Bath and Bath Spa University – with Bath College providing further education. Sporting clubs include Bath Rugby and Bath City F. C.. Bath became part of the county of Avon in 1974, following Avon's abolition in 1996, has been the principal centre of Bath and North East Somerset; the hills in the locality such as Bathampton Down saw human activity from the Mesolithic period. Several Bronze Age round barrows were opened by John Skinner in the 18th century.
Solsbury Hill overlooking the current city was an Iron Age hill fort, the adjacent Bathampton Camp may have been one. A long barrow site believed to be from the Beaker people was flattened to make way for RAF Charmy Down. Archaeological evidence shows that the site of the Roman baths' main spring may have been treated as a shrine by the Britons, was dedicated to the goddess Sulis, whom the Romans identified with Minerva. Messages to her scratched onto metal, known as curse tablets, have been recovered from the sacred spring by archaeologists; the tablets were written in Latin, cursed people whom the writers felt had wronged them. For example, if a citizen had his clothes stolen at the baths, he might write a curse, naming the suspects, on a tablet to be read by the goddess. A temple was constructed in AD 60–70, a bathing complex was built up over the next 300 years. Engineers drove oak piles into the mud to provide a stable foundation, surrounded the spring with an irregular stone chamber lined with lead.
In the 2nd century, the spring was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted structure that housed the caldarium and frigidarium. The town was given defensive walls in the 3rd century. After the failure of Roman authority in the first decade of the 5th century, the baths fell into disrepair and were lost as a result of rising water levels and silting. In March 2012 a hoard of 30,000 silver Roman coins, one of the largest discovered in Britain, was unearthed in an archaeological dig; the coins, believed to date from the 3rd century, were found about 150 m from the Roman baths. Bath may have been the site of the Battle of Badon, in which King Arthur is said to have defeated the Anglo-Saxons; the town was captured by the West Saxons in 577 after the Battle of Deorham. A monastery was founded at an early date – reputedly by Saint David although more in 675 by Osric, King of the Hwicce using the walled area as its precinct. Nennius, a 9th-century historian, mentions a "Hot Lake" in the land of the Hwicce along the River Severn, adds "It is surrounded by a wall, made of brick and stone, men may go there to bathe at any time, every man can have the kind of bath he likes.
If he wants, it will be a cold bath. Bede described hot baths in the geographical introduction to the Ecclesiastical History in terms similar to those of Nennius. King Offa of Mercia gained control of the monastery in 781 and rebuilt the church, dedicated to St. Peter. According to the Victorian churchman Edward Churton, during the Anglo-Saxon era Bath was known as Acemannesceastre, or'aching men's city', on account of the reputation these springs had for healing the sick. By the 9th century the old Roman street pattern was lost and Bath was a royal possession. King Alfred laid out the town afresh. In the Burghal Hidage, Bath is recorded as a burh and is described as having walls of 1,375 yards and was allocated 1000 men for defence. During the reign of Edward the Elder coins were minted in Bath based on a design from the Winchester mint but with'BAD' on the obverse relating to the Anglo-Saxon name for the town, Baðum, Baðan or Baðon, meaning "at the baths", this was the
Art Deco [videos]
Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as …
A fireplace screen by the Symbolist painter Odilon Redon now in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris (1908)
Joseph Csaky, 1912, Danseuse (Femme à l'éventail, Femme à la cruche), original plaster, exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne and the 1914 Salon des Indépendants, a Proto-Art Deco sculpture
Kansas City, Missouri [videos]
Kansas City is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had an estimated population of 488,943 in 2017, making it the 37th most-populous city in the United States. It is the central city of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which straddles the …
From top left: Downtown Kansas City from Liberty Memorial, Crown Center at Christmas, KC Streetcar, Washington Square Park, Union Station lit blue for the World Series, the Thinker at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Liberty Memorial, and the Library area of Downtown.
Kansas City Pioneer Square monument in Westport features Pony Express founder Alexander Majors, Westport/Kansas City founder John Calvin McCoy, and Mountain-man Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store.
A cannon and plaques mark the location of the Battle of Westport within modern day Loose Park.
View of downtown Kansas City from the Sheraton Kansas City Hotel at Crown Center
Phoenicia [videos]
Phoenicia was a thalassocratic, ancient Semitic-speaking Mediterranean civilization that originated in the Levant, specifically Lebanon, in the west of the Fertile Crescent. Scholars generally agree that it was centered on the coastal areas of Lebanon …
Cover of a Phoenician anthropoid sarcophagus of a woman, made of marble, 350–325 BC, from Sidon, now in the Louvre.
Sarcophagus of Eshmunazor II (5th century BC), Phoenician king of Sidon found near Sidon, in southern Lebanon
Assyrian warship (probably built by Phoenicians) with two rows of oars, relief from Nineveh, c. 700 BC.
Phoenician sarcophagi found in Cádiz, now in the Archaeological Museum of Cádiz; the sarcophagi are thought to have been imported from the Phoenician homeland around Sidon.
Etruscan religion [videos]
Etruscan religion comprises a set of stories, beliefs, and religious practices of the Etruscan civilization, originating in the 7th century BC from the preceding Iron Age Villanovan culture, heavily influenced by the mythology of ancient Greece and Phoenicia, and sharing similarities with …
Etruscan mural of Typhon, from Tarquinia
Reconstruction of an Etruscan temple, Museo di Villa Giulia, Rome, which is heavily influenced by studies of the Temple of Apollo at Portonaccio (Veio)
The Mars of Todi, a life-sized Etruscan bronze sculpture of a soldier making a votive offering, most likely to Laran, the Etruscan god of war, late 5th to early 4th century BC
Rare Etruscan fanu located at Orvieto.
Picts [videos]
The Picts were a confederation of peoples who lived in what is today eastern and northern Scotland during the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval periods. Where they lived and what their culture was like can be inferred from the geographical distribution of Brittonic place name elements and Pictish …
The Aberlemno Serpent Stone, Class I Pictish stone with Pictish symbols, showing (top to bottom) the serpent, the double disc and Z-rod and the mirror and comb
19th century copy of silver plaque from the Norrie's Law hoard, Fife, with double disc and Z-rod symbol
The so-called Daniel Stone, cross slab fragment found at Rosemarkie, Easter Ross
The Whitecleuch Chain, high status Pictish silver chain, one of ten known to exist, dating from between 400 and 800 AD
Roman mythology [videos]
Roman mythology is the body of traditional stories pertaining to ancient Rome's legendary origins and religious system, as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans. "Roman mythology" may also refer to the modern study of these representations, and to the subject matter as …
Romulus and Remus, the Lupercal, Father Tiber, and the Palatine on a relief from a pedestal dating to the reign of Trajan (AD 98–117)
Mucius Scaevola in the Presence of Lars Porsenna (early 1640s) by Matthias Stom
Polyphemus hears of the arrival of Galatea; ancient Roman fresco painted in the "Fourth Style" of Pompeii (45-79 AD)
Capitoline Triad
Greek mythology [videos]
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks. These stories concern the origin and the nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities, heroes, and mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual practices …
Prometheus (1868 by Gustave Moreau). The myth of Prometheus first was attested by Hesiod and then constituted the basis for a tragic trilogy of plays, possibly by Aeschylus, consisting of Prometheus Bound, Prometheus Unbound, and Prometheus Pyrphoros.
The Roman poet Virgil, here depicted in the fifth-century manuscript, the Vergilius Romanus, preserved details of Greek mythology in many of his writings.
Amor Vincit Omnia (Love Conquers All), a depiction of the god of love, Eros. By Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, circa 1601–1602.
Attic black-figured amphora depicting Athena being "reborn" from the head of Zeus, who had swallowed her mother Metis, on the right, Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, assists, circa 550–525 BC (Musée du Louvre, Paris).
Horse [videos]
The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of …
Points of a horse
Size varies greatly among horse breeds, as with this full-sized horse and small pony.
Bay (left) and chestnut (sometimes called "sorrel") are two of the most common coat colors, seen in almost all breeds.
A horse's eye
Fish [videos]
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Tetrapods …
Giant grouper swimming among schools of other fish
Head-on view of a red lionfish
A relative of the seahorses, the leafy seadragon's appendages allow it to camouflage (in the form of crypsis) with the surrounding seaweed.
Tuna gills inside the head. The fish head is oriented snout-downwards, with the view looking towards the mouth.
Tyre, Lebanon [videos]
Tyre, sometimes romanized as Sour, is a district capital in the South Governorate of Lebanon. There were approximately 117,000 inhabitants in 2003 …
Tyre fishing harbor
The Triumphal Arch (reconstructed)
Remains of ancient columns at Al Mina excavation site – supposed palaestra
Rectangular theatre at Al Mina excavation site
Melqart [videos]
Melqart was the tutelary god of the Phoenician city of Tyre. Melqart was often titled the "Lord of Tyre" and was considered to be the progenitor of the Tyrian royal family. As Tyrian trade and colonization expanded, Melqart became venerated in Phoenician and Punic cultures from Lebanon …
A Carthaginian shekel, dated 237–227 BC, depicting the Punic god Melqart (equivalent of Hercules/Heracles), most likely with the features of Hamilcar Barca, father of Hannibal Barca; on the reverse is a man riding a war elephant
"Mozia ephebe" - Melqart (?)
Stela with Melqart on his lion from Amrit in Syria, c. 550 BC
Votive statues from the Temple of Melqart in Cadiz
Byblos [videos]
Byblos, known locally as Jbeil, is the largest city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon. It is believed to have been first occupied between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It …
Byblos Old Town
Old City of Byblos
Byblos harbor by night
The old souk in Byblos, Lebanon
Lydia [videos]
Lydia was an Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland İzmir. Its population spoke an Anatolian language known as Lydian. Its capital was …
Lydian Empire circa 600 BC.
Portrait of Croesus, last King of Lydia, Attic red-figure amphora, painted ca. 500–490 BC.
Bin Tepe royal funeral tumulus (tomb of Alyattes, father of Croesus), Lydia, 6th century BC.
The Pactolus river, from which Lydia obtained electrum, a combination of silver and gold.
Anatolia [videos]
Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia …
Mural of aurochs, a deer, and humans in Çatalhöyük, which is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date. It was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012.
The Lion Gate at Hattusa, capital of the Hittite Empire. The city's history dates to before 2000 BC.
Portrait of an Achaemenid Satrap of Asia Minor (Heraclea, in Bithynia), end of 6th century BCE, probably under Darius I.
Sanctuary of Commagene Kings on Mount Nemrut (1st century BC)
Thermae [videos]
In ancient Rome, thermae and balneae were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout …
Roman public baths in Bath, England. The entire structure above the level of the pillar bases is a later reconstruction.
Thermae Maiores, Aquincum, Budapest
Mosaic bath sign from Sabratha, Libya, showing bathing sandals, three strigils, and the slogan SALVOM LAVISSE, "A bath is good for you"
Plan of the Old Baths at Pompeii
Bath, Somerset [videos]
Bath is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, known for its Roman-built baths. In 2011, the population was 88,859. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, 97 miles west of London and 11 miles south-east of Bristol. The city became a World Heritage site in …
19th century Photochrom of the Great Bath at the Roman Baths. The entire structure above the level of the pillar bases is a later construction and was not a feature of the building in Roman days.
Royal Crescent and Circus from the air (connected by link road, thus creating the famous "question mark" formation). Georgian taste favoured the regularity of Bath's streets and squares and the contrast with adjacent rural nature.
Iliad [videos]
The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy …
Iliad, Book VIII, lines 245–53, Greek manuscript, late 5th, early 6th centuries AD.
Hypnos and Thanatos carrying the body of Sarpedon from the battlefield of Troy; detail from an Attic white-ground lekythos, c. 440 BC.
Achilles Lamenting the Death of Patroclus (1855) by the Russian realist Nikolai Ge
The Wrath of Achilles (1819), by Michel Drolling.
Poseidon [videos]
Poseidon was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth. He was god of the Sea and other waters; of earthquakes; and of horses. In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was venerated as a chief deity at Pylos and Thebes. His Roman …
Poseidon from Milos, 2nd century BC (National Archaeological Museum of Athens)
Poseidon, Paella Museum
Poseidon in Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn
Dionysus, Plato, or Poseidon sculpture excavated at the Villa of the Papyri.
Brass [videos]
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve varying mechanical and electrical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure. Bronze is an alloy also containing copper, but …
Brass astrolabe
Brass lectern with an eagle. Attributed to Aert van Tricht, Limburg (Netherlands), c. 1500.
Microstructure of rolled and annealed brass (400X magnification)
Brass sampling cock with stainless steel handle
Libya [videos]
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and …
Archaeological Site of Sabratha, Libya
The temple of Zeus in the ancient Greek city of Cyrene
Libyan soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BCE. Xerxes I tomb relief.
The Atiq Mosque in Awjila is the oldest mosque in the Sahara.
Orion (mythology) [videos]
In Greek mythology, Orion was a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion. — Ancient sources tell several different stories about Orion; there are two major versions of his birth and several versions of his death …
An engraving of Orion from Johann Bayer's Uranometria, 1603 (US Naval Observatory Library)
Daniel Seiter's 1685 painting of Diana over Orion's corpse, before he is placed in the heavens
Johannes Hevelius drew the Orion constellation in Uranographia, his celestial catalogue in 1690
The Fountain of Orion, in Messina, Italy
Hellenistic period [videos]
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. The Ancient Greek word Hellas …
The Nike of Samothrace is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of Hellenistic art.
Hellenistic period. Dionysus sculpture from the Ancient Art Collection at Yale.
Philip V, "the darling of Hellas", wearing the royal diadem.
The Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Roman Empire [videos]
The Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization. An Iron Age civilization, it had a government headed by emperors …
The Augustus of Prima Porta (early 1st century AD)
A segment of the ruins of Hadrian's Wall in northern England
Bilingual Latin-Punic inscription at the theatre in Leptis Magna, Roman Africa (present-day Libya)
Citizen of Roman Egypt (Fayum mummy portrait)
Neptune (mythology) [videos]
Neptune was the god of freshwater and the sea in Roman religion. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-influenced tradition, Neptune was the brother of Jupiter and Pluto; the brothers presided over the realms of Heaven, the earthly world, and …
Mosaic of Neptune (Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas, Palermo)
A Roman mosaic on a wall in the House of Neptune and Amphitrite, Herculaneum, Italy
Neptune (1802), by Catalan sculptor Nicolau Travé, together with two nereids by Antoni Solà. Barcelona: Llotja de Mar.
Triumph of Neptune, Roman mosaic with the Seasons in each corner and agricultural scenes and flora (La Chebba, Tunisia, late 2nd century, Bardo National Museum)
Chariot [videos]
A chariot is a type of carriage driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power. Chariots were used by armies as transport or mobile archery platforms, for hunting or for racing, and as a conveniently fast way to travel for many ancient people. — The word "chariot" comes …
A chariot drawn by horses.
The Charioteer of Delphi was dedicated to the god Apollo in 474 BC by the tyrant of Gela in commemoration of a Pythian racing victory at Delphi.
A petroglyph in a double burial, c. 1000 BC (the Nordic Bronze Age)
Detail of the Monteleone Chariot at the Met (c. 530 BC)
Trevi Fountain [videos]
The Trevi Fountain is a fountain in the Trevi district in Rome, Italy, designed by Italian architect Nicola Salvi and completed by Giuseppe Pannini and several others. Standing 26.3 metres high and 49.15 metres wide, it is the largest Baroque fountain …
Image: Trevi Fountain, Rome, Italy 2 May 2007
Image: Trevi Fountain, Rome, Italia
Image: Trevinight
Image: Fontana di Trevi di notte
Niche (architecture) [videos]
A niche in classical architecture is an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. Nero's Domus Aurea was the first semi-private dwelling that possessed rooms that were given richly varied floor plans, shaped …
Niche on exterior of Uffizi Palace, Florence (c.1560-81), containing statue of Farinata degli Uberti (d.1264)
Image: Orsanmichele, base
Image: Madonna and Child (Filippo Lippi)
Image: Hornacina talamantes
Fresh water [videos]
Fresh water is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water. Fresh water includes water in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and even underground water called groundwater. Fresh water is generally characterized by …
Rivers, lakes, and marshlands, such as (from top) South America's Amazon River, Russia's Lake Baikal, and the Everglades in Florida of the United States, are types of freshwater systems.
Earth seen from Apollo 17. The Antarctic ice sheet at the bottom of the photograph contains 61% of the fresh water, or 1.7% of the total water, on Earth.
Water fountain found in a small Swiss village. They are used as a drinking water source for people and cattle. Almost every Alpine village has such a water source.
Image: Amazonas, Iquitos Leticia, Kolumbien (11472506936)
Cave [videos]
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word cave can also refer to much smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, though …
Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, United States
Speleothems in Hall of the Mountain King of Ogof Craig a Ffynnon, a solutional cave in South Wales.
Exploring a lava tube in Hawaii.
Painted Cave, a large sea cave, Santa Cruz Island, California
Aquifer [videos]
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials. Groundwater can be extracted using a water well. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology. Related terms …
Water in porous aquifers slowly seep through pore spaces between sand grains
Water in karst aquifers flows through open conduits where water flows as underground streams
Center-pivot irrigated fields in Kansas covering hundreds of square miles watered by the Ogallala Aquifer
Diagram of a water balance of the aquifer
Achaea [videos]
Achaea or Achaia, sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaia, is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of West Greece and is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras. Its population surpassed …
Gulf of Patras
Mount Aroania or Chelmos.
Mount Erymanthos
River Ladon
Mosaic [videos]
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assembling of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as …
Mosaic of Dominus Julius, Carthage, 4th CE
Irano-Roman floor mosaic detail from the palace of Shapur I at Bishapur.
Reconstruction of a mosaic from the Eanna temple.
Stag Hunt Mosaic from the House of the Abduction of Helen at Pella, ancient Macedonia, late 4th century BC
Ivory [videos]
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks. The chemical structure of the teeth and tusks of mammals is the same, regardless of the species of origin. The trade …
The solid ivory image of Our Lady of Manaoag in her imperial regalia. Genuine ivory is held more valuable than gold among Santero artisans. Pangasinan, Philippines.
11th-century Italian carved elephant tusk, Louvre
A depiction of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus crafted in elephant ivory
An ivory tabernacle featuring the Madonna of Caress, France
Corinth [videos]
Corinth is an ancient city and former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is the seat and a …
The rail road bridge over the Isthmus of Corinth.
Panorama view of the port.
View of the Corinth Canal.
Image: Kanal Korinth 2011
Dolphin [videos]
Dolphin is a common name of aquatic mammals within the order Cetacea, arbitrarily excluding whales and porpoises. The term dolphin usually refers to the extant families Delphinidae, Platanistidae, Iniidae, and …
Spotted dolphin
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Mariners not scared of Roar
They have failed to beat runaway champions Brisbane in three games and conceded 10 goals in attempting to bring them undone - but fearless Central Coast insist the heat is on the Roar ahead of Saturday night's first leg of the major semi at Bluetongue Stadium.
Brisbane have gone 25 matches and 156 days since last tasting defeat, creating a new Australian record in the process, but Mariners coach Graham Arnold says his side welcomes the challenge of ending the run.
That's despite being beaten 2-0 and 5-1 by the Roar earlier in the season before holding them to a 3-3 draw in their latest meeting.
"They've set the standard in the A-League and raised the bar for all the other teams but our players are mentally and physically ready for the challenge," Arnold said at Monday's A-League finals launch.
"We've improved and developed over the year and it's taken a red-hot Brisbane side to beat us over the finishing line (for the minor premiership)."
"The Roar has been fantastic all year and to go 25 games unbeaten is some feat but with that comes a bit of pressure."
"We're at home and we have got nothing to fear."
While much has been made of Brisbane's record run, Arnold is quick to point out his side has gone 15 matches without losing.
In any other year, Central Coast's 57 competition points would have been enough to win the Premier's Plate.
Now there is a risk all that hard work could mean nothing if the Mariners don't at least reach the grand final.
"The year's been a massive success already but we've won nothing, got nothing," Arnold said.
"We'd love to get the Asian Champions League position. That's what we're going to go for and we give ourselves every chance of doing that."
"I gave a few of the boys an opportunity to rest (against Newcastle in the final round) and they didn't want to."
"They want to keep the momentum going so that shows how hungry they are."
"They are desperate to get something from the season."
Brisbane have managed to obtain football nirvana - combining attractive football with results - and have no intention of changing their ways now the finals have rolled around.
"Our main focus has been on how we play more than results," coach Ange Postecoglou explained.
"I think that's worked well, the players have thrived with that attitude."
"I think we've sent a pretty good message that you can play good football and win games."
As for the pressure of maintaining their unbeaten run, Postecoglou added: "I think the players have embraced it. We haven't let it rule what we do."
"It hasn't changed the way we play and it won't."
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Transfer news: Jets sign former Roar midfielder
@NewcastleJetsFC 1461816621
Newcastle Jets have announced the capture of attacking midfielder Devante Clut on a two-season deal after the 20-year-old was granted a release by Brisbane Roar.
Hyundai A-League transfer wrap for season 2016/17
Clut arrives at the Jets following a two-and-a-half-year stay in the sunshine state and made eight appearances off the bench for John Aloisi's side this season.
Having come through Brisbane's youth ranks Clut scored some spectacular goals when given the opportunity, including one on his Roar debut against Wellington Phoenix at Suncorp Stadium.
Clut made his mark on Brisbane’s 2015 AFC Champions League campaign by playing in four of the club’s six Group G games and netting a brilliant brace on matchday 3 against K-League heavyweights Suwon Bluewings on the Gold Coast.
The former Young Socceroo also scored a double against Spanish La Liga outfit Villarreal in Roar’s 3-0 LFP World Challenge win in Queensland in June last year.
Newcastle Jets coach Scott Miller said Clut would be a valuable addition to his squad given the experiences that he has already encountered in his burgeoning career.
“Devante typifies the type of young player that I want to attract to the club,” Miller said. “His commitment to the Jets is for two seasons, and that is significant as his aim is to become an important part of the club in the near future.”
Clut, who will link with his new teammates when the Jets’ squad assembles for pre-season training in late June, said that he’s excited to be making the move to the Hunter after some enjoyable times as a Roar player.
“When I first heard from Newcastle I was excited because I feel that the Jets are a club that is getting better and will continue to get better,” Clut explained. “I’m really excited to meet Scott [Miller] in person, the coaches, staff, and my new teammates, and get to work at the club.”
“Roar was my first ever professional club and I have a lot of good memories with the fans in Brisbane. But now it is time for me to learn and develop at the Jets, and aim to play and perform for the fans of Newcastle.”
Jets fans can look forward to watching a player eager to control the game and light up Hunter Stadium with instinctive attacking play.
“I have a lot of room for improvement as a professional player, but my style of football is not to kick the ball long, but to control the game and play as big a role as I can in the action of each match,” Clut added. “I like to pull the strings.”
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Essential MBA Rankings You Should Keep in Mind
Get to know the Big Three when it comes to MBA rankings – the Financial Times, the Economist, and Bloomberg Businessweek.
Milen Garcia
As you struggle to find an appropriate graduate school to go to, one of the first sources of information that you are most likely to consult, are MBA rankings.Just like any competition crowns a winner and a runner-up, MBA Rankings, too,determine who is who in the world of higher business education.
But while the limelight barely ever shines outside the top 3 in most competitions, MBA rankingsplace universitiesin prestigious classifications that span more than a hundred institutions across the entire world.
Here is a list of the three essential MBA rankings that you should keep in mind.
The Financial Times Global MBA Rankings
Being one of the most respected financial and economics publications in the world, it is no surprise that Financial Times (FT) produces the sturdiest MBA rankings out there.
The Financial Times business education guide does not only provide global MBA rankings but also produces articles and expert advice regarding the choice of business school and what it can offer you. The rankings list provides information regarding the school's ranking over a course of three years to give prospective students an idea of where the business school was in the recent past and where it stands now. The table provides information about the weighted salary and the salary increase per year of graduates from that particular business school for students to get a clearer perspective of what types of earning opportunities they may have in the future.
The FT Global MBA 2016 rankings went live in late January. French powerhouse INSEAD tops the charts this year, moving up three positions from fourth in 2015. Harvard loses its first place and ranks second, while London Business School, Wharton and Stanford have also lost a position and are ranked third, fourth and fifth respectively. It seems like INSEAD has finally found its place at the top of the MBA world, all at the expense of the usual heavy-weights. Congratulations!
The Economist's MBA Rankings
Another important source is The Economist. Like Financial Times, The Economist provides a list of the top 100 MBA programmes in the world. However, the Economist's ranking may differ from the ranking of The Financial Times as both sources consider different criteria to rank business schools.
The top MBA for The Economist in 2015 was The University of Chicago-Booth School of Business, followed by the University of Virginia Darden School of Business. Harvard Business School is surprisingly at number four while the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School is listed at number ten.
The Economist's rankings are not as exhaustive as the Financial Times regarding MBA rankings but are nevertheless just as authoritative and authentic. Moreover, the publication's website is a very rich source of MBA-related articles and researches.
WATCH: Would you trust a Dean to tell you about the MBA's value? (VIDEO)
Bloomberg's Business Week MBA Rankings
Bloomberg's Business Week MBA rankings provide a very reliable overview of the best business schools in the world, while also allowing for various filters to be applied for narrower searches. This, by the way is an inherent functionally of all rankings systems, as they allow for more elaborate choices based on country of origin, programme type, and more.
A valuable source of MBA-related information, the Bloomberg Business Week's website states that its rankings are based on a combination of five sources of information. The employer survey is the most important in determining business school ranking followed by the alumni survey, student survey, job placement rate, and starting salary rate. All of the mentioned factors are combined in order to list business schools according to rank.
Ontario's Western University is ranked as the top international business school according to Bloomberg Business Week's 2015 rankings, with London Business School in the UK in second place.
But don't be confused. Remember that rankings use different methodologies leading to (sometimes) different outcomes. What's more, they should never be the sole reason to choose one school over another. While the authenticity of Financial Times, The Economist and Bloomberg is unquestionable, you should definitely consider qualitative factors such as where you think you will have a good academic experience, and where your overall MBA experience will be as fleshed out as possible.
Start your search from these three sources and then go where your heart and mind takes you.
As important as rankings are, there are other factors you should take into account when choosing an MBA programme. Here are some of the most underestimated aspects of MBA Selection:Top 5 Things You Did NOT Consider When Choosing an MBA
An International Business Degree for Regional and Global Careers
Global, regional, and local MBA programmes.
Can Leadership and Entrepreneurship Be Taught?
There is an ongoing debate about whether academics are capable of teaching leadership and entrepreneurship.
Women in B-School: A Blueprint for Change
GMAC assesses the position of women in B-school, giving insight into the differences in attitudes and motivations between men and women pursuing post-graduate…
An Overview of MBA Study Options
Full-time, part-time, one-year or two-year: a comprehensive analysis of the merits of the various MBA study options.
Finance and Consulting Remain Top Choice for New MBAs
MBAs have a plethora of options from which they can choose, but finance and consulting remain the most common career paths taken by graduates.
School or Programme? A Personal Story of Choosing an MBA
Top entrepreneurship MBA programmes have found fertile ground in Europe but how is entrepreneurship taught at leading European business schools?
A Part-Time MBA Helps You Preserve Career Momentum
A Canadian MBA graduate explains how a part-time MBA enables you to accelerate your professional development while also deepening your understanding of the…
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All posts tagged "campaign"
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Archives Home →
The March of Time, Washington and Paris
By Michael Curtis
"Everywhere I hear the sound of marchin', charging feet, cause summer's here and the time is right for fighting in the street." The words were written in 1968 by Mick Jagger, who said he wrote them after an antiwar rally at the U.S. Embassy in London. He was inspired by the student rioters in Paris in May 1968. At that time, protests in various countries of Europe, in the U.S., in Mexico City, and in Brazil were directed against the Vietnam War. The most spectacular event, the May Days in Paris, was a student-led protest movement that began on March 22, 1968 as an antiwar rally at Nanterre University. It became a revolt against the political and academic establishment.
It is tempting to compare those events on their fiftieth anniversary with the organized demonstrations, the March for Our Lives, on March 24, 2018, protesting gun violence in Washington, D.C. and elsewhere in the U.S., resulting from the murder of students on February 14, 2018 at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, where 17 were killed by a teenage gunman. The D.C. march attracted an estimated crowd of 800,000 and was financed by celebrities such as George and Amal Clooney, Oprah Winfrey, Stephen Spielberg, and the Gucci group, along with pop artists and performers.
In his address on March 25, 2018 at the Palm Sunday Mass in St. Peter's Square, Pope Francis, without specifically alluding to the Washington demonstration, urged young people not to let themselves be manipulated. "Young people," he directed, "you have it in you to shout. It's up to you not to keep quiet." Certainly, young people in 2018 have done this, as they did in May 1968.
Since the writings of Polybius, the Greek historian of the Hellenistic period, the question has been discussed of history as repeating a cycle of events, of regular patterns, of people animated by the same desires and passions. Youths in 2018 and 1968 have expressed those qualities, displaying energy and a spirit of resistance and defiance, even quasi-revolt. Yet, even admitting that history can be seen as a sequence of causes and effects, the two events show we are not doomed to repeat the past.
Both events, 1968 and 2018, began with a particular incident: one, the university administrative actions against student activists at Nanterre University, the new campus in the suburb of Paris; the other the Parkland massacre. Both called for change of some kind, university or more broadly social. Both can be regarded as nationwide movements.
But there are important differences. May 1968 was concerned at first with a specific issue: rigidity in the hierarchy of the French University, with students wanting more political freedom, since political meetings were normally forbidden. However, it became transmuted into a wider, more disjointed affair, including calls for the overthrow of institutions. Twenty-eighteen, at least so far, is pinpointed on a concrete, single purpose.
The 1968 events started as the result of a specific action: the detention of students in the antiwar rally. With provocative slogans, it spread to the main Sorbonne and other Paris educational units, transforming itself into a revolt against established institutions and advancing social changes, including protests against capitalism and U.S. imperialism.
May '68 exhibited ideological confusion, indicating different left-wing political orientations, as well as bizarre slogans like "imagination in the leadership" and "demand the impossible." In contrast, 2018 is not partisan or ideologically expressed in any real way. Students in France in May '68 were joined by support from factory workers who organized a general strike, the largest in France, and 11 million workers who occupied factories went on strike. No similar action has been contemplated in support of 2018. In May '68, word spread in the streets, while in 2018, social media spread the word in an instant, and the whole world is aware of the issue. Above all, May '68 quickly became violent; March 2018 has been noisy but nonviolent.
In May '68, universities and factories were occupied throughout France. Paris was the scene of cobblestones being torn up from the pavements, barricades, street fighting with the police, cars overturned, and stores looted. At one point, the turmoil and threats seemed so serious that President Charles de Gaulle on May 29 fled the country, for a day, to go to a French military base near Baden-Baden in Germany.
The protest of May '68 was violent but became mixed and even incoherent with the infighting among the student groups, including Trotskyists, Maoists, anarchists, surrealists, and moderate socialists. It was not a unified or cohesive group, but a number of individual personalities among the various improvised leftists fighting among themselves, even if some vague concept of anti-imperialism emerged. They had no coherent program or structure, but claimed to act in "uncontrollable spontaneity" that gave them an impetus without it being canalized. Jean-Paul Sartre was impressed with this – with the attempt, as he said, to implement imagination into reality.
Others were critical. Raymond Aron saw the student participants as actors imitating the French revolutionary past, a kind of "psychodrama," and merely acting in a rehearsal held almost two centuries after the play had been staged. Indeed, some student protagonists labeled themselves Les Enragés – not a unified party, but the radical extremists who opposed the Jacobins in June 1793 and who spoke on behalf of the poor.
In May '68, some leaders emerged, the most well-known being Daniel Cohn-Bendit, nicknamed "Danny the Red" because of the color of his hair. Born in France of German parents, a philosophy student at Nanterre, an anarchist if he can be classified, he inspired the movement with his captivating oratory, courage, and humor. So far, no single similar figure has emerged in 2018 as similarly inspiring, though some 17-year-olds have been eloquent and expressed rhetoric that has gone beyond the single issue of controlling guns. One speaker went beyond the manifest purpose of the march, not only by demanding more general social change and getting rid of politicians, but also by enthusiastically giving the black power salute at the end of his peroration.
May '68 did lead to some social and political changes, including raising minimum wages. It also led to President de Gaulle calling a referendum on April 27, 1969 on government decentralization and for changes in the French Senate. The referendum was rejected by 52% of the voters, and de Gaulle resigned the presidency the next day. It remains to be seen if there will be similar political consequences of the March for Our Lives.
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[Updated] State of Emergency Declared in Beacon & Parking Restrictions
March 13, 2017 / Marilyn Perez
UPDATE 3/14/17: The Mayor's Office has issued a modification to the Emergency Order, allowing cars to drive on city streets, but not park, effective 4am, Wednesday, March 15, 2017. View the update here.
From the office of Randy Casale, Mayor - City of Beacon, as written by the Mayor, dated March 13, 2017:
STATE OF EMERGENCY DECLARATION & EMERGENCY ORDER
"A state of emergency is hereby declared in the City of Beacon effective at 12:00 am, midnight on March 14, 2017. The state of emergency has been declared due to the forecasted blizzard which is expected to occur all day on March 14, 2017, and bring heavy accumulation of snow and high winds during the storm. This situation threatens the public safety. This state of emergency will remain in effect for five (5) days or until rescinded by the subsequent order.
"As the Chief Executive of the City of Beacon, I Randy Casale, exercise the authority given to me under Section 24 of the New York State Executive Law, to preserve the public safety and hereby render all required and available assistance vital to the security, well-being and health of the citizens of this municipality. I hereby direct all departments and agencies of the City of Beacon to take whatever steps are necessary to protect life and property, public infrastructure and provide such emergency assistance deemed necessary.
"Pursuant to my authority and consistent with my Declaration of a State of Emergency, I am hereby ordering 1) that all vehicles are prohibited from traveling on City Streets and 2) no vehicles are permitted to be parked on City Streets and all City Code provisions inconsistent with this Emergency Order are hereby suspended. I will issue further Emergency Orders as are necessary and consistent with this State of Emergency Declaration. "
Read full declaration here.
24-Hour Parking Limit
See all of the free municipal parking lots here in A Little Beacon Blog's Free Parking Lot Guide.
§211-19.5. Twenty-four-hour parking limit. [Added 4-2-2001 by L.L. No. 4-2001; amended 5-19-2014 by L.L. No. 5-2014]
"Unless otherwise restricted by an appropriate sign, all City-owned parking lots shall be limited to twenty-four-hour parking. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the parking of commercial and recreational vehicles, as defined in §211-15.1 of this chapter, overnight in municipal parking lots is prohibited. Signs shall set forth the following language: "24-Hour Parking — Except for Commercial and Recreational Vehicles - All City-owned Parking Lots unless otherwise marked - Section 211-19.5."
24-Hour Parking Restriction and Municipal Parking Lots
Guide to Free and Easy Parking Lots In Beacon
March 13, 2017 / Marilyn Perez/ Comment
"Homeland" Episode 8 Season 6 With ...
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'Palestinian terror - morally justified'
A leading philosopher, who has been compared to Bertrand Russell and Jean-Paul Sartre and praised by Noam Chomsky, says Palestinian "terrorism" is a moral response to Israeli ethnic cleansing.
Honderich: Palestinians have a moral right to armed resistance
Ted Honderich, a professor of philosophy at University College London, plans to take the same message to the Edinburgh International Book Fair on Thursday, where tickets to hear his speech have already sold out.
The philosopher plans to begin his talk at the Opus Theatre with a close look at definitions of terrorism, particularly when it applies to Palestine and the expansion of Israel outside its 1967 borders.
He concludes it is "killing and maiming for political and social ends … illegal in terms of national or international law", and suggests Iraq could also fall into this definition.
"It needs remarking, seemingly, that the plain definition of terrorism, which essentially takes it to be a kind of illegal political violence, cannot but include terrorism by a state," he told Aljazeera.net on Wednesday.
Considering causes
"America is now engaged, as I say, in the principal piece of moral stupidity of this time … it is as if the causes of terrorism that are neo-Zionism and Palestine do not exist," he added.
"It is as if the causes of terrorism that are neo-Zionism and Palestine do not exist"
Ted Honderich,
Emeritus professor of philosophy, University College
Honderich does not limit his criticism to Washington.
"In Britain we used to hear the government line about being tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime in our own society.
"The government has stopped saying that now. I fancy that one of the reasons is anticipation of people asking about being tough on terrorism and tough on the causes of terrorism."
Neo-Zionism blamed
Honderich told Aljazeera.net he believed that though "it would have been just to carve a Jewish state out of a part of Germany … it was right to assign a part of Palestine to the Jewish people" due to their substantial population in the region.
Honderich says Israeli 'rapacity'
justifies a violent response
In the land assigned to them by the United Nations, "there were an equal number of Palestinians and Jews in that part of Palestine". There were 80 times as many Palestinians as Jews in the other part of Palestine.
However, defining "neo-Zionism" as the movement to expand Israel outside its pre-1967 borders, he condemns some Israeli policy today as an "ongoing rapacity of ethnic cleansing, the violation of the remaining homeland of the remaining Palestinians".
"It dishonours the great Jewish moral and political tradition of resolute compassion for the badly-off, a tradition now exemplifed by Noam Chomsky."
"This rape of a people and a homeland is in its wrongfulness a kind of moral datum … and issues in a moral right on the part of the Palestinians to their terrorism," he concludes.
Formerly married to a Jew, Honderich brushes aside allegations that he is anti-Semitic.
But his objections to neo-Zionism have lead to several vicious email campaigns and even lead to a leading UK charity to refuse a sizeable donation.
Criticising Tel Aviv has become a dangerous business, he claims.
"A new American dictionary, Merriam-Websters' Third New International Dictionary, defines anti-Semitism as 'sympathy for the opponents of Israel'," he says.
"This tells you of the usefulness and the responsibility of lexicographers. The brazenness of the definition calls for a reply. It is that in the sense in question we ought all to be anti-Semites.
Anti-Semitism, he insists "is not to be taken as prohibiting condemnation of the violation of Palestine".
SOURCE: Aljazeera
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Japan ends Afghan support mission
Naval tankers carry out last operation as politicans fail to reach agreement.
Sailors on the Tokiwa cheered as it carried out its last refuelling in support of the Afghan mission [AFP]
Ozawa, who is pushing for an early general election, has said that Japan should not be part of "American wars".
"I told him that I cannot approve of it," Ozawa said.
"We need to have principles, which means that unless it's part of UN operations, it would not be possible."
Fukuda argues that Japan, as the world's second largest economy, must play a greater role in global security. Shinzo Abe, his predecessor, abruptly resigned last month, partly because of his failure to extend the mission.
Japan's so-called pacifist constitution forbids its armed forces from carrying out anything but defensive missions, but the government has been trying to revise legislation allowing for a more active defence policy.
The last ship refuelled by the Japanese support mission was a Pakistani navy destroyer.
As they carried out the final operation about 70 crew members from the supply ship Tokiwa appeared on deck, cheering and singing the Japanese national anthem, Japan's Kyodo news agency said.
Japan is a major US ally in Asia and has refuelled warships supporting US-led forces in Afghanistan since 2001.
Washington has been urging the Japanese government to extend the mission.
A recent survey by Kyodo found that 46.4 per cent of the Japanese public supported the naval deployment and 42.9 per cent were opposed, with the rest undecided.
Some analysts said that the suspension of the mission showed how Fukuda's Liberal Democratic Party had been weakened.
"I think the United States, Europe and other nations understand the snag came due to domestic politics, not a change of course by Japan as a whole," Takehiko Yamamoto, a security expert at Waseda University, said.
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Home » Courses » Master-class August 2019: Meta-Analysis
Meta-Analysis: Advanced Methods and Applications - (2 days)
This master class introduces and applies recently developed methods of meta-analysis to integrate, summarize and understand rapidly expanding research in the health, business and the social sciences. We demonstrate how these methods address and mitigate the sources of the current credibility crisis across the disciplines.
Master Class - runs over 2 days
Dr Emily Kothe is the Co-Director of DeLMAR and the Stream Leader for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in the School of Psychology Data Sciences Unit. She has conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses across a number of topics within psychology including: attachment, cognitive dissonance, health behaviour and behaviour change, and body image.
Course dates: Thursday 22 August 2019 - Friday 23 August 2019
ACSPRI Office
Selective reporting, questionable research practices, low statistical power, and wide variation of findings across an area of research are the causes of the current credibility/replication crisis. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis can identify the reach of these problems in your area of research, filter out much of their effects, and thereby reduce their influence. When carefully conducted, meta-analysis can greatly increase research credibility.
The advanced methods presented in this course are designed to address these issues directly. Meta-regression analysis routinely explains much of the wide and often conflicting variation typically found among reported findings. Recently developed meta-analysis methods use a study’s statistical power to reduce these potential biases. We aim to provide participants with the tools needed to produce state-of-the-art research synthesis and meta-analyses.
The workshop is relevant to all researchers in health, medicine, psychology, economics, business and other social sciences could benefit from this class if they are already somewhat knowledgeable about meta-analysis.
1) The Current Replication/Credibility ‘Crisis’ (John et al., 2012; Ioannidis et al., 2017)
a) Publication bias, questionable research practices and heterogeneity
b) What meta-analyses tell us about contemporary research.
i) Replicability (OSC, 2015; Stanley et al., 2017)
ii) Statistical power (Ioannidis et al., 2017; Stanley et al., 2017)
iii) Publication bias
iv) Heterogeneity
2) Review of Meta-Analysis (MA) (Hunter & Schmidt, 2000, Borenstein et al., 2009)
a) Effect sizes
b) Fixed and Random Effects
c) Application to psychology and health research
d) Issues and Limitations
3) Methods to Accommodate and Reduce Publication Bias (Stanley, 2008)
a) Causes: Questionable Research Practices (Ferguson & Heene,2012; Franco et al.,2014)
b) Funnel graphs and motivating examples (Stanley and Doucouliagos, 2010)
c) Unrestricted Weighted Least Squares (WLS) (Stanley and Doucouliagos, 2015)
d) FAT-PET-PEESE and other methods (Stanley and Doucouliagos, 2014)
1) High Heterogeneity among Research Results (Higgins & Thompson, 2002)
a) How high heterogeneity limits research synthesis
b) How prevalent is it? (Ioannidis et al, 2017; Stanley et al, 2017)
c) Meta-analysis methods to measure and accommodate heterogeneity
2) Introduction to Meta-Regression Analysis (MRA) (Borenstein et al., 2009)
a) Basic MRA models and their interpretation
b) Applications from psychology, economics and health
3) MRA: Advanced Topics with extensive applications (Stanley and Doucouliagos, 2012)
a) Robustness of MRA findings
b) Seeing through the fog of Multicollinearity
i) General-to-specific modelling
ii) Bayesian Model Averaging
c) Dependence across reported estimates (Hedges et al., 2010)
i) Cluster-robust standard errors
ii) Fixed and random-effects panel MRA
iii) Multilevel models (Cheung, 2014).
4) ‘Hands on’ lab: Using R and STATA for MA and MRA
This two day master-class will be held in the ACSPRI Office in Melbourne.
Attendees should bring a laptop with either (a) STATA or (b) R and RStudio installed. Instructions with how to install R and RStudio will be circulated before the workshop. If you don’t have a copy of Stata, could you please contact us in advance & we will organise a trial version for you for the course.
Participants should be conducting a meta-analysis or have attended a previous meta-analysis workshop or class. Participants also need to be knowledgeable about basic research statistics and regression analysis.
Recommended Texts:
There are no required readings for this class, although before attending, we recommend reading:
Doucouliagos, C. (2016) Meta-regression analysis: Producing credible estimates from diverse evidence. IZA World of Labor: 320. doi:10.15185/izawol.320.
Further References:
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T. and Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis, Chichester, U.K. John Wiley & Sons.
Cheung, M. W.-L. (2014). Modeling dependent effect sizes with three-level meta-analyses: A structural equation modeling approach. Psychological Methods, 19(2), 211-229.
Franco, A., Malhotra, N., & Simonovits, G. (2014). Publication bias in the social sciences: Unlocking the file drawer. Science, 345(6203), 1502-1505.
Ferguson, C. J., & Heene, M. (2012). A vast graveyard of undead theories: Publication bias and psychological science’s aversion to the null. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6),555-561.
Hedges, L. V., Tipton, E., & Johnson, M. C. (2010). Robust variance estimation in meta‐regression with dependent effect size estimates. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(1), 39-65.
Higgins, J., & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539-1558.
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2000). Fixed effects vs. random effects meta‐analysis models: Implications for cumulative research knowledge. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(4), 275-292.
Ioannidis, J.P.A., Stanley, T.D. and Doucouliagos, C. (2017). “The power of bias in economics research,” The Economic Journal, 127: F236-265.
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychological Science, 23(5), 524-532.
Open Science Collaboration (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), aac4716–aac4716. doi:10.1126/science.aac4716
Stanley, T.D. (2008). Meta-regression methods for detecting and estimating empirical effect in the presence of publication selection. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 70:103-27.
Stanley, T. D., Carter, E. C., & Doucouliagos, H. (2017). What meta-analyses reveal about the replicability of psychological research. Unpublished manuscript.
Stanley, T.D and Doucouliagos, H. (2010). Picture this: A simple graph that reveals much ado about research.” Journal of Economic Surveys, 24: 170-91.
Stanley, T.D. and Doucouliagos, H. (2012). Meta-regression analysis in economics and business. Oxford: Routledge.
Stanley, T. D., & Doucouliagos, H. (2014). Meta‐regression approximations to reduce publication selection bias. Research Synthesis Methods, 5(1), 60-78.
Stanley, T.D. and Doucouliagos, C. “Neither fixed nor random: Weighted least squares meta-analysis,” Statistics in Medicine 34 (2015), 2116-27.
Stanley, T.D., Doucouliagos, C. and Ioannidis, J.P.A. (2017). “Finding the Power to Reduce Publication Bias,” Statistics in Medicine, 36: 1580-1598.
Course Fees:
All courses at a given program have the same fee structure, but fees vary depending on whether your organisation is an ACSPRI Member and whether there are Early Bird Discounts available at the time. The prices for this program are available on the program page.
Emily was excellent - R studio exercises are fantastic! (October 2018)
Thanks for an excellent and informative course, the two different convenors worked very well. (October 2018)
Master-class August 2019: Meta-Analysis
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Kurtz: Journalists Shouldn’t Declare Democrat Race Over
By Inky
Earlier today, Howard Kurtz held his weekly chat where he covered such topics as Tim Russert’s “declaration” that the Democrat nomination has been decided, the negative coverage of Hillary Clinton and the aftermath of the cyclone in Burma/Myanmar. Some excerpts:
Baltimore: Howard, what did you think of what my friends and I call the “Russert Declaration” last Tuesday? I’m of course speaking of his delphic utterance that “we have a nominee.” In seems as if the media collectively is throwing in the towel and declaring the whole race over. Now, it’s one thing to report that Hillary would have a very tough time winning the nomination, but to declare the race over? Or stating that “we’re not going to West Virginia”? By saying such things that affected the course of events, Russert and others weren’t merely acting as observers, they were acting as participants — which I find troubling.
Howard Kurtz: Welcome to the world of punditry. Tim Russert is paid to be a political analyst, so if he wants to offer his judgment (as did Bob Schieffer, George Stephanopoulos and numerous others) that there is no way for Hillary Clinton to overtake Barack Obama, I have no quarrel with that. What I do have difficulty with is straight-news journalists rendering the same judgment when the primaries aren’t over and there is at least the possibility that unexpected events could prompt the superdelegates to decide this thing in Hillary’s favor. What some of these organizations have done is not so much declare Obama the nominee but simply move on to long profiles of him, analyses of how he will match up against McCain in the fall, speculation about who he’ll pick as his running mate–all effectively signaling to readers and viewers that the primaries are no longer worth paying attention to.
Clinton Media Coverage: Why is it unreasonable for Clinton to have more negative coverage? She claims 35 years of experience, which gives a lot of material to cover. I’d like to see some reporting on the previous instances of wives succeeding husbands in high office, both domestic and international, and get some feel for how it usually works out. Clinton has claimed executive experience based on being the spouse of a former president. Has any other world leader gained office with the same claim? How well did he or she lead?
Howard Kurtz: Of course her claims of “experience” by virtue of being the president’s wife should be tested, and were, in many media accounts. (Her unfortunate tale of Bosnian sniper fire followed a debate over whether her many foreign trips as first lady were substantive or largely ceremonial.) And yes, her long public record gave journalists more targets to shoot at than Obama’s thinner resume. But none of that excuses the media from responsibility to provide a rough balance in the scrutiny of competing candidates.
Washington: I don’t want to appear uncaring or flippant, but for all the stories about how we (the U.S. or the U.N.) simply should go into Burma (Myanmar) and take care of people’s needs because the government is unresponsive, it’s awfully hard to think how many people believe our government wasn’t responsive. And because it’s a sovereign country, like ours, how would we feel if “foreigners” simply came in and did the job?
Don’t I remember correctly that we didn’t allow people and foreign ships or aircraft to simply come in after Katrina, and didn’t we simply stockpile supplies donated from around the world under the guise of “the food doesn’t meet USDA or other specifications and therefore can’t be distributed”? And didn’t a lot of donated supplies simply stay at warehouses? I’m not justifying Burma’s or their general’s actions, but like it or not, it’s their country. Would we similarly plan on simply “entering and helping” North Korea despite their repeated famines?
Howard Kurtz: But the U.S. clearly has the resources to respond to a major catastrophe (whether it does effectively is another question), and just as clearly, Myanmar does not. I don’t think it is too much to say that tens of thousands of people may die of starvation and disease because of the military regime’s refusal to allow much outside aid. Plus, the Burmese rulers have tried to ban journalists — only a couple of western correspondents have gotten in, and reporters for the BBC and CNN were deported — which has meant a dearth of pictures and first-hand accounts of this almost unimaginable tragedy. That is one reason why it seems more remote than, say, the Asian tsunami.
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This China Airlines Ad Makes Travel Sound Absolutely Dreadful. And It’s a Huge Hit
Here Are the 5 Ads Nominated for 2019’s Outstanding Commercial Emmy
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Improving approaches to the arts in SEND settings
As we prepare to start work with the 2016/17 cohort, Victoria McLaughlin (Teacher of Art) and Paul Pearce (Teacher of Music) from St Giles School tell us how they found being part of our SEND Network last year.
The Network was a forum for a range of Arts practitioners working in the field of Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND). Meeting throughout the year, we came together to share good practice and discuss the issues that our children and young people encounter when accessing the wide-ranging arts provision that London has to offer.
One of the aims of the network was to support each other in producing a piece of work which could be shared with other schools across both SEND and mainstream settings. Rich discussions about the similarities, differences and common areas for development in our schools helped us to do this. These meetings also inspired us and influenced the way we now approach our practice, helping us to create a piece of action-research that captured the whole process.
Our aim over the course of the year at St Giles was to create an event that involved not only the whole school community but the wider community around us including local schools and our families. In involving other schools, we believed that the good arts practice our school demonstrates could have a wider ranging impact beyond the school. By working with others we hoped to support them in understanding how our children and young people access the arts and use it as a vehicle to interact with the world around them.
The day was centred around the Queen’s 90th birthday and included sports activities in the morning, a fashion parade, performances and food in the afternoon. The sports activities were creative in their nature, providing opportunities for students to make choices, dress up and record themselves digitally. This meant that students with more complex needs were able to learn about themselves and their environment, and students with moderate learning difficulties had the opportunity to support their peers.
The wider community around our school of parents, friends and guides from the transport our children use contributed by cooking or offering time to prepare food from around the world on the day. This was very successful and gave our students opportunities to taste and touch a wide range of foods.
Although many of our children are fed in a different way, food is still an important part of their life. On the day they were provided with opportunities to experience the textures, colours and temperature of food. The sensory tea party that was created for our students to explore was successful not only because our students enjoyed it greatly but also because the students from a visiting school were very excited to have the opportunity to ‘play with’ their food (something that children are always told not to do).
The students who visited had been taught to sign one of the songs, making it more accessible for our students, who were delighted at seeing other children use signs. As well as listening to them, students from our school performed for them after taking part in the fashion parade entrance into the school hall.
Our visitors found the experience inspiring and are keen make further links with us. When the students were asked what they would like to do when they visit again, they said they would like to make friends with our students and learn more songs together.
The presentations and sharing of the work we had done in the final Network meeting was the culmination of all of the thinking that the Network members have contributed to. It was valuable to see how our conversations and joined-up work has moved us all forward in the way we approach the Arts in our settings. In addition, it was a great opportunity to be able to showcase the work we do to outside agencies such as museums, galleries and other arts organisations. Hopefully, this will impact upon their understanding of how those with SEND can access the arts, to make their spaces accessible and to provide for all students regardless of their need to engage with arts projects with them.
The whole experience was positive for us and gave us opportunities to stop, think and evaluate our practice. This led to us thinking in more creative ways and we are excited to build on this over the coming year.
If you would like more information about joining this years' Network, please email alice.edwards@anewdirection.org.uk.
Read the executive summary of our Arts & Cultural Provision for Special Educational Needs Learners in London research here.
Victoria McLaughlin and Paul Pearce (Guest Bloggers)
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Army, university stretch battery life for mobile devices
By ARL Public Affairs
The Army is working to replace all alkaline and nickel metal hydride field batteries with lithium ion, or Li-ion, batteries, which provide the best energy density of any commercial battery type. This means Li-ion batteries will power all Soldier communication and GPS gear. (U.S. Army illustration)
ADELPHI, Md. (Aug. 7, 2017) -- Scientists from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Brown University have teamed up to look deep inside batteries to develop solutions that would extend the battery life of GPS gear, mobile phones, field laptops and other Soldier technology, including robots.
Through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, or CRADA, negotiated by the laboratory's Technology Transfer and Outreach Office, military and university researchers are attempting to address the difficulty of characterizing and then engineering the solid electrolyte interphase, or SEI, layer that forms on the anode of lithium ion batteries, with particular emphasis on experimental silicon anodes with very high capacities for lithium.
"We want to push the voltage of Li-ion batteries higher," said Dr. Arthur von Wald Cresce, a researcher in ARL's electrochemistry branch.
The Army is working to replace all alkaline and nickel metal hydride field batteries with lithium ion, or Li-ion, batteries, which provide the best energy density of any commercial battery type. This means Li-ion batteries will power all Soldier communication and GPS gear.
"The Army is developing hybrid vehicles for use on the battlefield, and that means they will also use Li-ion batteries. Certain high-energy applications such as reactive armor and directed-energy weapons also seem suited for Li-ion batteries, although those technologies are still developing," Cresce said.
The Army is interested in SEI research for Li-ion batteries because the SEI determines if a battery will cycle or whether harmful side reactions will consume the electrolyte components, he said. The SEI is a solid layer formed by the decomposition of the liquid electrolyte components. It is an electrolyte, meaning that it must allow Li+ to move while still being an electrical insulator. And it forms a new material phase in between the solid electrode and the liquid electrolyte.
Researchers also want to make the SEI as thin as possible, so that Li+ can move quickly. The engineering process requires fundamental chemical and materials studies of the SEI and of battery materials to determine exactly what properties are important and how to affect them.
Under the research agreement, Brown University will provide expertise in the analysis of certain atomic force microscopy, or AFM, data analysis, and provide synthetic tools and raw materials for making the silicon nanowires and other deposited structures to be analyzed. ARL will provide state-of-the-art electrolytes that will be used for the in-situ portion of the atomic force microscopy studies, and access to its analytical tools, including the in-situ AFM, the Raman spectrometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectrometers. ARL will also provide expertise in the preparation of in-situ AFM samples and other types of surface analysis.
"Brown University is a good partner for research because they have specific expertise in the technique of atomic force microscopy. They have refined several interesting techniques that analyze the mechanical properties of surfaces using the atomic force microscope," Cresce said.
New to battery research, the Brown team is well known for the development of these techniques and it is a big benefit to ARL to tap into his expertise. We are hoping to work with them to learn more about the SEI that forms on the surface of silicon and tin anodes, which change their dimensions significantly as the battery charges and discharges. In those cases, the SEI must "breathe" and move with the electrode surface; otherwise it will crack and fail as a protecting layer.
ARL has had a few key successes with large impact to Li-ion batteries including the SEI-modifying additives and an aqueous-based Li-ion electrolyte system that relies on a lithium fluoride SEI. ARL synthesized many compounds to modify the chemistry of the SEI layer. One compound, a fluorinated phosphate isopropoxide called HFiPP for short, has been widely successful in many types of Li-ion batteries in improving the performance of the battery through SEI modification.
"Many outside groups use HFiPP as part of their standard research electrolyte formulation because of its benefits to high voltage Li-ion battery longevity," he said.
"The other success, our water-based Li-ion electrolyte, is almost entirely dependent on the formation of an impenetrable lithium fluoride SEI layer to function. The advantage of a water-based electrolyte is that such a Li-ion battery would not be flammable, eliminating the concern about battery fires. In the case of the water-based electrolyte, we are working hard to fully characterize the SEI layer, and we are in a race to discover how to make this layer on certain electrodes like carbon or lithium metal that would allow us to have a 4+ volt aqueous lithium ion battery.
"The idea is not to sacrifice performance for safety; such a 4+ volt aqueous Li-ion battery would be just as good as a high-end commercial Li-ion battery today, and that battery would never catch fire."
For information on opportunities to collaborate with ARL and how to do it please visit the ARL Open Campus site at https://www.arl.army.mil/opencampus and the ARL Technology Transfer Portal at https://www.arl.army.mil/technologyoutreach/
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, currently celebrating 25 years of excellence in Army science and technology, is part of the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, which has the mission to provide innovative research, development and engineering to produce capabilities that provide decisive overmatch to the Army against the complexities of the current and future operating environments in support of the joint warfighter and the nation. RDECOM is a major subordinate command of the U.S. Army Materiel Command.
Last Update / Reviewed: August 7, 2017
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Nearly 8% drop in expat remittances from UAE
Tuesday, March 12th, 2019 11:14am
Expat remittances from the UAE reached nearly AED 40 billion during the last three months of 2018.
That's a 7.7 per cent drop compared to the same period in 2017.
According to the Central Bank, the bulk of the funds were sent to India, Pakistan, Philippines and the US.
More than 75 per cent of the amount was transferred through money exchange companies and the rest through banks.
Boeing announces payments to families of 737 MAX crashes
Boeing is set to make USD $50 million (AED 183.6 million) in payments to families of the victims of two 737 MAX crashes.
Virgin Holidays stops selling tickets to dolphin, whales show
Virgin Holidays have stopped selling tickets to shows where marine animals are kept captive.
Dubai property prices, rents continue to fall
Apartment and villa prices in Dubai have continued to become more affordable throughout the second quarter of this year.
Lagarde steps down as head of IMF
Christine Lagarde has announced that she will no longer be the managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Emotional intelligence trumps IQ for UAE employers
Up to 44 per cent of UAE business leaders prefer employees with high emotional intelligence (EQ) over high IQ.
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BCTF president speaks up on Chilliwack dress code comments
Hansman rebukes comments made that blame girls for predatory behavior by boys and men
Mar. 15, 2019 2:53 p.m.
The B.C. Teachers’ Federation has “come out swinging” against incendiary comments made by two Chilliwack school trustees regarding dress codes.
Glen Hansman, BCTF president, immediately spoke up after hearing that Trustees Darrell Furgason and Heather Maahs had spoke so harshly at a board meeting. Furgason said it is a girl’s responsibility to dress modestly, and called teaching boys not to react as an untested “experiment.” Maahs said that if girls are allowed to wear what they want at school, it would put girls in danger on school grounds and increase predatory behavior from men in the community. She said girls who dress certain ways are “looking for the wrong kind of attention.”
RELATED STORY: Trustee admits to losing her ‘cool’ during Chilliwack dress code discussion
“We thought it was important we come out swinging,” Hansman told Black Press on Thursday. “This does contribute to body shaming in general.”
He said the days of putting the onus on women, young women and even little girls to dress “modestly” are long gone.
“It makes it all about other people’s urges or desires,” he said. “That your body is an object that is either something to be desired, or be disgusting.”
While he agreed boys are also subject to body shaming, discrimination against girls’ bodies is more evident within old school dress codes. And he commended the intent of the motion made on Tuesday by Trustee Willow Reichelt to put the decisions back to parents and students. Her motion was to create a district-wide policy that would replace all the individual school dress codes, and that the policy would respect each family’s morals and socio-economics.
But that was seen as a left-leaning “ideology” by Maahs, Furgason, and Trustee Barry Neufeld as well.
While Maahs and Furgason both said they don’t want the board interfering with dress codes, Neufeld did agree it’s an issue that could be best discussed by the Education Policy Advisory Committee (EPAC). However, because of the wording attached, he voted against sending it to EPAC as written.
While the motion was put forward by Reichelt, most of the wording was not hers. It was taken from Victoria School Board’s new dress code policy, with a minor addition.
Hansman noted that Victoria was the first school board to create a less restrictive, more inclusive district-wide policy. And since Chilliwack’s trustees have been in the news over the last few days, it seems more districts are rushing to create similar policies.
“Ironically, as with the adoption of SOGI, the absurd pronouncements made by these trustees have had the opposite affect and are spurring other districts to show they aren’t like them,” Hansman said. “Victoria led the way last year and it’s long overdue, making sure we’re not making assumptions about gender. It’s about time.”
It’s actually fairly common for older policies to still be in use at the board level around the province, Hansman said. Especially with the fuss around SOGI recently, boards have had less time to revisit old policies and bring them up to date.
“There’s a lot of old ones that haven’t been taken off the shelves and dusted off,” he said. “Society has kind of moved on and we are expecting from students a kind of formality and attire that doesn’t even really exist for staff anymore.”
Of course, not all trustees were against Reichelt’s motion to create a policy with the assistance from EPAC.
Trustee Jared Mumford spoke in favour of the motion, and explained his reasoning to Black Press.
“I believe the message being delivered to students via some dress code is that the way a girl dresses somehow determines her value, and that girls are somehow responsible for a boys (or man’s) behaviour,” Mumford said. “I would prefer to send a message that normalizes girls’ bodies so that they are looked at the same, regardless of what they are wearing, and where boys are expected to be responsible for their own feelings and behaviour.”
He believes in the intent of the motion and supports a change in dress codes.
“Some argue that current dress codes prepare students for the ‘real world’, but that is demonstrably untrue. In the real world, men see women dressed in spaghetti straps, leggings, and shorts every day and are expected to behave appropriately, yes, even at work,” he said. “I am not against a dress code, but it is clear to me that the current template needs to be amended. If standardization is required to do that, then that’s we need to look at as a board.”
He said the motion wasn’t to create a policy at the table, but to suggest a policy with EPAC’s help.
“Via EPAC, we will be able to get the viewpoint from all of our major stakeholders, including parents, teachers and administrators. It’s the right way to proceed.”
As for some of the other comments made on Tuesday by the trustees, Hansman did not hold back his thoughts. At one point, Maahs named a local school and said there is already a problem there with “pimps.”
“If she has firsthand information about criminal activity, she should be reporting that to the police,” Hansman said, noting that all teachers and staff at every school in B.C. has a duty to report abuse of any kind.
“I’m going to take her at her word, and if I don’t, the alternative is that she’s making stuff up,” he said.
As for Furgason, who noted he felt “uncomfortable” across from female students who were not modestly dressed in his opinion, Hansman said it was “creepy” thing to say.
And yes, the topic will be coming up over the weekend, as the BCTF holds it Annual General Meeting and elections from Saturday to Tuesday. Hansman has now served three years as president, and will be kicking off the weekend with welcoming remarks. The event will close on Tuesday with the election of new executives, which go into effect in July.
“I will be acknowledging all the work that still has to be done,” he said. “At the end of the day, violence against women and girls has not gone away in society and it’s long past the point where it’s the responsibility of girls and young women to get the perpetrators and stop doing this.”
@CHWKcommunity
jpeters@theprogress.com
A year later, B.C. cab driver who was beaten with tire iron still can’t get support
Three-year-old girl killed in B.C. farm accident
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Taking place alongside
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June 23, 24, 25, 2020
Hall 12, Amsterdam RAI, The Netherlands
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First 2019 Speakers Announced
Innovation manager
Shell Trading
Biography: Stephen joined Shell in 1995 as an engineer cadet and progressed through the marine engineering ranks until his eventual promotion to chief engineer in 2005 sailing on a variety of vessels for several LNG projects. He commenced a permanent office position as an engineer superintendent in 2005 working within the NLNG operations team. In 2008 he transferred to Japan as part of a remote team managing the BLNG LNG carriers, before transferring with the operation to Brunei in 2011. As an engineer superintendent he was responsible for the safe and efficient operation of his designated ships, and routine and non-routine repairs. A large proportion of his time was spent managing LNG carrier refits and life extension campaigns. Stephen returned to London in 2012 as an FLNG project manager. This led to a posting to the Netherlands where, as the hull technical manager, he delivered a competitive dual FEED hull scope of work package. Since 2016 he has been manager, innovation and technology implementation, responsible for the maturation of new technologies and innovative solutions that enhance safety, reduce shipping emissions and deliver value for Shell and the wider shipping industry. He holds an MSc in Project Management, Class I Steam COC, Class IV Motor COC, NVQ Level 3 and 4 Marine and Mechanical Engineering Qualifications and an HND in Mechanical Engineering.
The shipowner’s perspective on autonomous ship operations
Synopsis: This presentation will offer attendees an insight into how a major shipowner and operator views developments toward autonomous shipping and the operational challenges and opportunities that arise from them.
Henrik Tunfors
IMO MASS Working Group
Biography: Henrik is currently the focal point for autonomous shipping and smart ships at the Swedish Transport Agency. I am currently also and Acting Head of Section for Strategic Development and Markets at the Swedish Transport Agency. He graduated with a Masters of Laws from Lund University, Sweden, and in 1999 I completed the International and Comparative Law Programme at Katholeike Universiteit Brabant (Tilburg University), in the Netherlands. Henrik has held several positions within the Swedish Transport Agency, including Legal adviser, International Liaison, Head of Oversight and Seaworthiness sections, and most recently as a Senior adviser. He has been a regular to the International Maritime Organization’s Maritime Safety Committee and its subsidiary bodies since 2008, including being Head of Delegation to the Sub-Committee on Implementation of International Instruments and having different Chairing assignments, the most recent being the Working Group on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS).
Regulatory scoping exercise of IMO instruments
Synopsis: The presentation will focus on the regulatory scoping exercise currently being carried out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in particular the working group on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), in order to identify gaps and problematic areas to address to make possible the operation and certification of autonomous ships for use in international trade. What decisions led to the IMO becoming engaged in such a huge task encompassing 20+ international conventions and an even larger number of international codes? What limitations have been applied, what definitions have been developed to guide the work, and will the human element be taken into account? These and a number of other issues will be in the spotlight during the presentation.
Se Won Kim
Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
Biography: Se Won is in charge of the route decision-making strategy and collision avoidance algorithm development at Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering. He has a BSc and MSc from Seoul National University in Korea, and a PhD from Texas A&M University in the USA. He majored in control, optimization and confined water maneuvering. He has led many government-funded research projects related to dynamic positioning systems and autonomous vessels.
Route decision-making strategy development using Monte Carlo simulation
Synopsis: Efficient route decision-making strategy is the key component of autonomous ocean voyages. Currently, three-dimensional dynamic programming is the representative state-of-the-art. This presentation will propose a new route strategy that shows noticeable improvements compared with the state-of-the-art. The Monte Carlo-based route decision-making method will be introduced along with its flexible grid system of optimization. A 173,000m3 LNG carrier is evaluated in the simulation, which proves the excellence of the proposed method. Korea's autonomous vessel research activities will also be presented.
Joseph Beel
Strategic programs manager
Cisco Systems Inc
Biography: Joe is a retired naval officer and has led large, diverse organizations focused on delivery of engineering technical services, technical data and the full spectrum of research, development, test, evaluation and support of naval systems. He earned a master's degree in Operations Research (with distinction) from the Naval Postgraduate School, and a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the US Naval Academy.
Cyber resilience for autonomous ships
Synopsis: Cloud, mobility, IoT and AI/ML are transforming how ships operate. These advancements have also increased the attack surface. Old methods of cybersecurity focusing on perimeter defense are ineffective. Cyber resilience focuses on mission preparedness, continuity, restoration, and improvement. This includes maintaining a state of preparedness against attacks to prevent/reduce compromise; continuous monitoring to capture attack activity that cannot be blocked; capturing activity to support forensics, investigation, and detection; continuing essential mission functions despite attack; restoring mission functions after attack; and changing functions to reduce adverse affects. The paper will address how to prepare for, withstand, and recover from attack.
Jan Egbertsen
Manager innovation
Port of Amsterdam
Biography: Jan studied management and transport at the Technical University of Twente in the Netherlands. He has been working for Port of Amsterdam for more than 20 years, in roles including manager strategy and manager marketing. At the moment he is innovation manager with a focus on digitization, transport and logistics.
Opening Address: Welcome to Amsterdam
Thomas Porathe
Professor of interaction design
NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Biography: Dr Thomas Porathe is professor of interaction design at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway. He specializes in maritime human factors and design of maritime information systems. He has been working with e-navigation since 2006 in EU-projects including BLAST, EfficienSea, MONALISA, ACCSEAS, SESAME and the unmanned ship project MUNIN. He is active on IALA's ARM committee.
Automation transparency: the Trondheim autonomous harbor ferry
Synopsis: In Trondheim, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology is developing an autonomous passenger/bicycle ferry for urban canals. It will be a push-button on-demand ferry with electrical propulsion and COLREG-based anti-collision. Maneuvering tests with a half-scale model have been underway since 2017, and the full-scale hull is under construction. The Trondheim harbor canal offers many challenges with intense leisure boat traffic and kayak rental services for tourists in the summertime. A major task is to make automation transparent and to communicate intentions to other mariners and the passengers onboard, as well as to the remote operators in the monitoring center.
Marko Höyhtyä
Research team leader, autonomous systems connectivity
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
Biography: Dr Marko Höyhtyä obtained his doctoral degree in Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Oulu. He is currently working as a team leader in the autonomous systems connectivity team at VTT and holds the position of an adjunct professor at the university. In 2007-2008 he was a visiting research scientist at the Berkeley Wireless Research Center in California. His research interests include critical communications, hybrid satellite-terrestrial connectivity, spectrum sharing and autonomous systems. He received an excellent paper award at the IEEE ICTC 2017 conference for his work on autonomous ship connectivity.
Integrated satellite-terrestrial connectivity for autonomous ships: 5G and beyond
Synopsis: This talk concentrates on defining an integrated satellite-terrestrial connectivity concept for autonomous ships. Latest research in 5G and beyond is discussed, including intelligent connectivity management and the need for authenticated ship gateways due to the use of multiple technologies simultaneously. Part of the material is based on a national SEAMUS project that has studied requirements and defined a roadmap for autonomous ship connectivity. It has also contributed to the 3GPP standardization of future maritime communications systems.
Päivi Haikkola
Ecosystem lead
DIMECC / One Sea
Biography: Päivi is currently heading One Sea – Autonomous Maritime Ecosystem. She has a long history of working with the management of marine-related companies. She started her career in the 1990s consulting and meeting marine customers around the world. She has spoken at numerous conferences and seminars on various topics and has participated on international maritime awards panels. Päivi has held several administrative positions in the past, and worked at shipyards and suppliers to the marine industry. Päivi holds a master’s degree in Economics (Business Administration) and Naval Architecture.
One Sea to work with the whole maritime logistics chain
Synopsis: One Sea – Autonomous Maritime Ecosystem is a company alliance with the aim of enabling commercial autonomous maritime traffic by 2025. The Ecosystem engages in various activities to enable reaching its goal. In its third year the Ecosystem is concentrating more on the entire logistics chain, and the presentation will detail how this is being done. One Sea also participates in regulation and standardization work for MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships). The presentation will introduce the status of international regulation work and describe how One Sea aims to affect it. It will also discuss the way forward in standardization.
Kalevi Tervo
Global program manager
ABB Marine & Ports
Biography: Kalevi received his DSc (Tech) in Control Engineering in 2011 from Aalto University, where he served in various positions from 2005-2011. At Aalto he led a research team involved in building the first IoT systems for mobile working machines with major Finnish working machine companies. Since joining ABB Marine & Ports in 2011, he has led various R&D projects focused on data analytics, optimization and control. Currently, Dr Tervo is the global program manager for intelligent shipping, working on efficient, sustainable and intelligent shipping.
Latest results in evidence-driven evolution toward autonomous shipping
Synopsis: ABB continues to demonstrate progress toward autonomous shipping by an evidence-driven evolution approach with its new product family called ABB Ability Marine Pilot. Each individual product within the Marine Pilot family offers a solution to a specific issue within the autonomous operation of ships. In 2017 ABB launched the Pilot Vision situational awareness tool; in 2018 it launched the Pilot Control intelligent ship operations platform, followed by a live demonstration of the application of the platform for remote control on existing tonnage. This presentation introduces the latest development results, cases, and next steps in the journey toward the electric, digital and connected future of shipping.
Antoon Van Coillie
Anglo Belgian Shipping Company
Biography: Antoon is an entrepreneur who founded an inland shipping company, Blue Line Logistics. Since then he has founded Zulu Associates, a platform to initiate, develop, integrate and invest in the marine component of logistic chains. Through Zulu Associates, Antoon founded Anglo Belgian Shipping Company. He also served in the Belgian Navy as an officer on fishery protection and has extensive sailing experience ranging from dinghies to square-sail schooners. He has a degree in Commercial Engineering from the Free University of Brussels, and an MBA from UCLA.
Autonomous operations for short sea voyages and on those on inland waterways
Jordi Riu Gras
Beamagine
Biography: Jordi is the CEO and founder of Beamagine SL. He has an MSc in Electronics and a PhD in Optical Engineering, and has developed his research related to the analysis of different subsystems for prototyping lidar cameras, both flash lidar and scanning. He has been working on hardware developments for lidar imaging for the last 10 years. He is an expert in firmware and analog and digital electronics design.
Detection of small cross-section objects with 3D lidar and polarimetric imaging
Synopsis: Safe and reliable autonomous navigation needs to detect and track not only large objects like harbor structures and other vessels, but also small cross-section objects like buoys, rocks and even floating debris. This challenging capability is made possible by sensing in very high resolution and combining complementary imaging modes like 3D plus RGB or polarimetric data. The lidar provides point clouds with 0.05º angular resolution in real time, and the polarimetric camera is able to locate objects over the water with outstanding reliability. A patented hardware approach fuses both bits of information without parallax error at all distances of up to hundreds of meters.
Jake Rigby
Research and development lead
BMT Defence & Security UK Ltd
Biography: A Senior Naval Architect at BMT in Bath for over 5 years having previously trained at UCL. Specialising in the areas of Ship Signatures and Survivability, he also has experience of autonomous systems and their operability with ship designs. He is currently in the role of Research and Development lead.
Agent-based modeling to ship simulators: operational analysis for novel autonomous systems
Synopsis: The application of marine autonomous systems offers new opportunities with the need for evolved operational models. Instead of being constrained by human users, autonomous systems allow significant freedom in operational scope. These new operational models will need to be assessed and compared against existing manned operations to prove efficiency gains, validate cost models and demonstrate at minimum an equivalent level of operational safety. It also needs to be recognized that the systems will need to operate alongside human counterparts in the near term and the foreseeable future. These changing models raise a new set of challenges for the maritime industry. Innovative solutions will be needed in the areas of navigation, collision avoidance, ship and shore communications, insurance and liability. To demonstrate compliance in these areas, an assurance framework with a corresponding set of formalized standards needs to be developed. Effective and detailed simulations can help the stakeholder community to understand these challenges and prove in a safe, simulated environment that their solutions are compliant. It is important for the designer and operator alike to understand the options available to them to mitigate the operational risks. To understand this complex picture, effective operational analysis is essential. This talk looks at the range of simulation and operational analysis options available for new and novel autonomous systems, and which options to use at the different design stages.
Thiru Vikram
Buffalo Automation
Biography: Thiru got into hobby robotics at the age of 12, and has since won multiple state, national and university awards for his work on intelligent vehicles, which led to the creation of Buffalo Automation. Before Buffalo Automation, Vikram helped his family manage their real estate, restaurant and liquor businesses. He trained and grew up at The Lawrence School, Lovedale, and now serves part-time in the US Army Reserve.
The autonomous lake freighter
Synopsis: The presentation will outline the technical challenges and commercial opportunities discovered by Buffalo Automation while implementing autonomy in four incremental phases on lake freighters in the Great Lakes.
Jerome Faivre
Smart ships rules manager
Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore
Biography: Jerome graduated as a mechanical engineer with a specialization in naval engineering. After several positions as hull engineer, plan office manager and digital transformation manager, he has developed considerable experience in the marine and offshore fields. He is currently smart ships rules manager in the development department at Bureau Veritas - Marine & Offshore Division.
A set of guidelines toward autonomous shipping
Synopsis: Autonomous ships need to achieve a safety level equivalent to that of conventional ships. This is hard to define because much of what the industry defines as ‘safe’ is built on historic knowledge and lessons learned from accidents. At a basic level, autonomous ships must comply with relevant regulations. Operational risks for autonomous ships are generally similar to those of conventional ships, but with risk transferred from crew to sensors and cyber-physical systems. The question is how to measure those risks and mitigate them.
Bjarke Holm Hansen
Core Advokatfirma
Biography: Bjarke is a maritime lawyer and partner at Core Advokatfirma. He has been involved in several research activities on legal, regulatory and insurance matters for autonomous ships during the last couple of years, for the Danish Maritime Authority and the Nordic Association of Marine Insurers (Cefor) among others.
Ann-Sofie Pauwelyn
RIS project manager - smart shipping
De Vlaamse Waterweg NV
Biography: Ann-Sofie is Smart Shipping project leader in the automation and traffic management department at the Flemish Inland Waterway Authority (De Vlaamse Waterweg NV). She is the expert on autonomous shipping inside the Flemish Government. In addition to autonomous inland waterway vessels, her focus is on the transition toward more digital administration of vessel documents. She is the contact point for technology and innovation projects.
Smart shipping on inland waterways
Synopsis: De Vlaamse Waterweg NV believes that innovations related to automation and digitization can help the inland waterway sector evolve. Therefore, the company started the Smart Shipping program. In this presentation an update will be given on the activities inside the Flemish test area. First results of a study concerning the influence of smart ships on shore infrastructure and communication methods will be shared. The state of play in international regulation concerning smart shipping on inland waterways will be described, as well as the activities Flanders has initiated on an international level. Future activities and ambitions will also be presented.
Jukka Merenluoto
DIMECC
Biography: Jukka is ecosystem lead for One Sea, a high-profile business alliance leading the way toward an autonomous maritime ecosystem by 2025. He has a lengthy background in the ICT industry, where he has held director positions and headed strategically important change initiatives in several companies in various industries including maritime, manufacturing and telecom. He holds a master’s degree in Computer Science, and is also an MBA graduate from Henley Business School.
Andreas Brandsæter
Biography: Andreas has broad experience from research projects related to the maritime industry, with main responsibilities within statistical analysis, anomaly detection, time series analysis, machine learning, optimization theory and safety assurance of autonomous applications. He received an MSc in Computational Science and Engineering/Applied Mathematics from the University of Oslo in 2011. Later this year he will complete a PhD in Statistics from the University of Oslo. The degree is a result of a joint research project with the Department of Mathematics at the University of Oslo and the research department at DNV GL.
Safety assurance of collision avoidance and situational awareness systems
Synopsis: Autonomous ships are expected to change water-based transport of cargo and people, and large investments are being made internationally. A key element of an autonomous ship is the autonomous navigation system, including collision avoidance and situational awareness capabilities. Assurance of these systems will require product assurance using large-scale, systematic simulation studies, sophisticated test procedures and traditional process assurance. This presentation focuses on how collision avoidance can be tested using simulators, and examines the interface between simulator and navigation system, cooperation with manufacturer, dynamic test scenarios and automatic assessment toward COLREGs. Furthermore, it presents an overview of the ongoing development of an enhanced test and assurance framework for situational awareness for autonomous navigation. Topics include model interpretability, unrehearsed testing, quantitative evaluation, cross-validation, improved training data collection, simulation of new test data based on data permutation, and sensor redundancy for system assessment in operation.
Tom Arne Pedersen
Principal researcher
Biography: Tom has an MSc (2002) and PhD (2009) in Marine Technology from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He has worked for Marine Cybernetics since 2008, holding positions as senior project engineer, R&D manager drilling systems and product manager drilling systems. Marine Cybernetics was acquired by DNV GL in 2014, and Tom currently holds the position of principal researcher in DNV GL Group Technology and Research, working on a testing framework for autonomous navigation systems.
Koen Geirnaert
dotOcean NV
Biography: Koen is managing director and co-founder of dotOcean, and is currently responsible for sales and marketing and the company's autonomous product roadmap. He brings a broad technical and market knowledge of autonomous systems and sensor networks to the maritime and dredging markets. Before co-founding dotOcean in 2011, Koen held several positions in the microelectronic industry at ON Semiconductor and AMI Semiconductor, where he was responsible for design, development and marketing of integrated circuits for automotive and industrial automation applications. Koen holds an MSEE from the University of Ghent and an MBA from Flanders Business School.
Digital-twin-based autonomous systems
Synopsis: The new-generation autonomous systems have digital twins. The digital twin is a uniform fundamental building block for communities of autonomous systems and is a cloud-based access point to the autonomous system. This presentation will describe an example of such a system provided by dotOcean Automate Your Boat (AYB). The proposed architecture generates augmented reality for autonomous systems rather than for humans, upgrading the sensor network on board with superior data. The digital twins are subdivided into a Fog and a Cloud component, where the Fog components handle real-time communication between the digital twin and the edge computer in the autonomous system, and the autonomous systems within the Fog network become one big transparent super-system capable of optimally using all available information in the network and being controlled worldwide. Simple example applications are multi-vessel path planning and object avoidance or swarm behavior.
Henry Robinson
Dynautics
Biography: Henry has worked in marine electronics for the past 25 years; the past 20 years at Dynautics Ltd (previously known as H Scientific Ltd), where he has led the development of simulators for surface and underwater craft, and advanced autopilot control algorithms including self-tuning autopilots, and dynamic positioning systems for surface and subsurface vehicles. Recently, Henry has specialized in the development of low-power embedded processor-based systems and communications protocols. He is also a member of the UK’s Marine Autonomous Systems Regulatory Working Group (MASRWG), which is actively developing a regulatory framework for the MAS industry.
Low-power, long-endurance autonomy
Synopsis: Wave-propelled boats are being used for ocean science, environmental monitoring and security applications. This paper looks at how we have addressed the challenge of designing and operating small boats for weeks on end with minimal power. It gives an overview of what we have achieved in the fields of navigation, boat control and communications.
Sean Pribyl
Senior claims executive/lawyer
Gard AS
Biography: Sean is a lawyer and senior claims executive with Gard P&I Club in Norway. Formerly a maritime law practitioner, US Coast Guard lawyer and deck officer, he participates in MASS projects with the CMI International Workgroup on Unmanned Ships, the National Academies of Sciences Marine Board and the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law.
Haynes and Boone CDG LLP
Biography: Mark Johnson has more than 25 years of experience in the maritime and legal fields, including time as a captain of a ship. Mark advises clients including, oil majors, shipowners, managers, banks, lessors, and shipyards in the negotiation and documentation of large scale and complex maritime and offshore projects as well as advising on the construction, sale and purchase, financing, management, operation and ownership of all types of vessels, including offshore units and superyachts.
Jonathan Goulding
Associate and mariner
Biography: Jonathan is a solicitor and mariner in HFW's Admiralty and Crisis Management team. He has advised a number of companies on the regulation of AUVs and maritime autonomous surface ships, and has regularly written and presented on the legal issues that manufacturers and operators face. He also advises on litigation arising from marine and offshore energy casualties, including collisions, groundings, salvage/wreck removal, fires, total loss, and limitation and jurisdiction issues. Prior to becoming a solicitor, Jonathan was a warfare officer in the Royal Navy for 18 years, where he was an underwater and navigation specialist.
Lars Kristian Moen
Director advanced maneuvering and autonomy
Kongsberg Maritime AS
Yara Birkeland Case Study
Synopsis: Yara Birkeland is the world’s first fully electric and autonomous container ship, with zero emissions. With this vessel, Yara, a leading global fertilizer company, will reduce diesel-powered truck haulage by 40,000 journeys a year. Kongsberg is responsible for development and delivery of all key enabling technologies on Yara Birkeland, including the sensors and integration required for remote and autonomous operations, in addition to the electric drive, battery and propulsion control systems. This presentation will provide a case study of those developments.
Iiro Lindborg
VP – remote & autonomous operations
Kongsberg Maritime Finland Oy
Biography: Iiro Lindborg is General Manager, Remote & Autonomous Operations in the Ship Intelligence division for Kongsberg Maritime He joined Rolls-Royce in 2005 and held various roles including Development Project Manager and Technical Product Manager. Iiro holds a degree in ‘Automation and Electrical Engineering’ from Vaasa University of Applied Sciences. Iiro has worked on the development of Propulsion, Steering Gear and Waterjet Control Solutions. He has also run the development of Future Bridge and Unmanned Vessel Remote Operations Center.
Project SVAN - the world's first fully autonomous ferry
Synopsis: This presentation will provide a case study on Project SVAN - Safer Vessel with Autonomous Navigation. The project demonstrated a fully autonomous roadferry in winter conditions in December 2018. The case study will introduce the technologies used, along with the collision avoidance situations the autonomous navigation system encountered.
Peter Slaets
Biography: Peter is a professor at KU Leuven in the area of autonomous mobile robotics with a special focus on inland waterway transport and service robots. After finishing his PhD at KU Leuven's department of mechanical engineering in 2008, he joined the electromechanical department at Group T university college in Leuven. At campus Group T, he co-founded the Intelligent Mobility Research Group covering technological and management aspects. The integration of campus Group T into KU Leuven in 2013 led to a cross-pollination of engineering technology, with engineering leading to new opportunities. Currently Peter is supervising six PhD students.
Demonstration of the Hull-to-Hull project with an unmanned inland ship
Synopsis: The H2020 project GNSS Hull-to-Hull focuses on safely navigating in close proximity to other stationary or moving vessels and objects. This goal will be met by using EGNSS fused with other sensors and communication processes. The Intelligent Mobile Platforms research group at KU Leuven will use its scale model (4.8m long) of an inland cargo ship as a demonstrator of the project in inland waterways. This presentation will discuss the specific close-proximity navigation challenges of the inland waterways, and the construction and implementation of the scale model with its custom-built actuation and advanced sensory equipment.
Howard Tripp
Autonomous systems R&D lead, unmanned maritime systems
L3 Technologies
Redefining the way the world is working at sea
Synopsis: This presentation will cover the disruptive changes already happening in areas of the maritime industry due to the exploitation of autonomous vessels. Deep water search has been revolutionized by massive force multiplication using autonomous vessels. All Tier 1 navies are moving toward autonomous systems for mine countermeasure tasks. Advancements in autonomy are reducing the cost of remote inspection operations in oil and gas. L3 Technologies’ unmanned maritime systems division is delivering and developing these solutions. This presentation will provide an update on recent deliveries and operations enabling these disruptive changes.
Charles Fralick
Maritime chief engineer
Biography: Charles is a retired US Navy officer and submariner and is presently the chief engineer for Leidos Maritime Division, where he has been employed for the past 16 years. He oversees all technical development for maritime programs, manages all maritime R&D activities, and serves as a Leidos Technical Fellow in the area of ocean engineering. He is a graduate of the University of South Carolina, US Naval Postgraduate School, US Naval War College, the US Navy Nuclear Propulsion Program, and the University of Southern Mississippi. He is also a certified IHO Hydrographer.
Toward USV missions in congested shipping lanes – autonomous survey
Synopsis: Leidos will present the results of its unmanned surface vessel (USV) demonstration in the Annual Naval Technology Exercise (ANTX) 2018. During the demonstration, the Pathfinder USV conducted survey operations to IHO specifications in a region frequented by vessel traffic. Additionally, Pathfinder autonomously launched and recovered a survey autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in support of the mission. This was completed amid regular interruption by surface vessels in the area. Sea Hunter maneuvered to COLREGs standards and completed a 100% survey coverage of the area – all achieved while behaving as would be expected of a manned vessel.
Dimitri Van Heel
Team leader - operations and human factors
Biography: Dimitri attended the Royal Netherlands Naval College from 1990-1996 and joined the Submarine Service in 1996. For 10 years he was stationed as a warfare officer on Dutch submarines. In 2007 he joined Marin as a senior project manager, focusing on nautical studies and training. For the last few years he has led the Operations and Human Factors team.
The Dutch Joint Industry Project Autonomous Shipping: the use of simulations and demonstrations in autonomous shipping (AS) development
Synopsis: A key element of any AS development is collision avoidance capability. Under the assumption of adequate situational awareness and maneuvering capability, is the vessel able to avoid contacts and vessel collisions while using the valid rules of the sea and good seamanship? How does the collision avoidance system act when bad seamanship is applied, for example when other vessels fail to give way or continue on a collision course? This question is central in the three-ship simulations and demonstrations performed in the JIP on autonomous shipping. This paper describes the setup and execution of the simulations and the real-life demonstration, the considerations for the collision avoidance systems, and the assessment of the results.
Stephanie Kemna
Software engineer/project manager
Maritime Robotics AS
Biography: Stephanie Kemna PhD is software engineer and project manager at Maritime Robotics AS. She obtained her PhD in Computer Science from the University of Southern California on multi-robot strategies for adaptive sampling with autonomous underwater vehicles (2018). Previously she obtained her BSc and MSc in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Groningen (2008) and worked at the NATO STO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (2009-2012). She has more than nine years' experience developing adaptive behaviors, autonomy and mission planning for aquatic robots.
Unmanned boats: from lab to sea
Synopsis: Most unmanned boats cannot yet work with high levels of autonomy. To operate in high ship traffic areas, there are many challenges to be addressed. In this talk we highlight results from research projects on collision avoidance and safe multi-robot operations. We look into how we can smartly deploy systems for surveys, discuss current capabilities and where we need more R&D effort in coming years. This presentation shows leading-edge technology development, provides perspectives on desired levels of autonomy, and considers how to introduce systems into the market with support from certification and legislation agencies.
Pia Meling
Massterly (a Kongsberg Wilhelmsen JV)
Biography: Pia holds an MBA and has 17 years of varied international work experience in shipping and the maritime industry. She spent 11 years with the leading Norwegian ship owner Klaveness. Her roles have varied from financial analysis and running IT projects, to vessel chartering and negotiating commercial contracts. Pia is also a board member of WISTA, a global network organization for women in the maritime industry.
Monitoring and control for vessels with reduced crew or no crew
Synopsis: The two major Norwegian companies – Wilhelmsen and Kongsberg – have joined forces to lead the development of autonomous shipping globally. The main purpose of the Massterly joint venture is to develop environmentally friendly, safe and cost-efficient logistics, enabling a shift in transportation from congested roads to the sea. The first Shore Control Centre (SCC) is under construction, from which we will provide 24/7 manned monitoring and control for vessels with reduced crew or no crew. This presentation will provide an update on progress. Massterly is currently in the process of obtaining approvals from the maritime authorities to operate fully autonomous vessels.
Tom Eystø
Biography: Tom is the managing director of Massterly, a joint venture between Kongsberg Maritime and Wilhelmsen. He has a background in the Norwegian Navy and a bachelor's degree in Robotics. He has worked at Kongsberg Maritime for the last 20 years, starting out as a software engineer in dynamic positioning and holding several management positions over the last 15 years. In addition to his positions in Norway, Tom had an expat period in Singapore as regional support manager for Far East Asia. Before moving to Massterly he was vice president of products and services at Kongsberg Maritime AS, responsible for bridge systems. Tom recognizes the benefit and potential of new technology for different industries. He believes that the shipping industry is now standing on the edge of a new era. But technology by itself will not drive a transformation in the industry; it is only when we link new technology with new business models that we will see success in an emerging market. Electrification and autonomy will be key drivers in transforming the shipping industry.
Marnix Krikke
Innovation director
Netherlands Maritime Technology
Biography: Marnix is a naval architect from Delft University of Technology. He started his career in the sea systems department of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Being responsible for R&D strategy development, he acquired experience in developing and coordinating R&D projects. Since 2007 he has been Innovation director and human capital director of Netherlands Maritime Technology (Dutch association for shipbuilders and maritime suppliers) and responsible for several (inter)national innovation projects on maritime technology. Marnix is project lead of the Joint Industry Project Autonomous Shipping.
The Dutch Joint Industry Project Autonomous Shipping: lessons learned toward a roadmap for smart shipping
Synopsis: The Dutch Joint Industry Project Autonomous Shipping was launched in 2017. It comprises a two-year applied research program, executed by a consortium of maritime businesses, knowledge and educational institutions, service providers, and governments. After an exploration and analysis of possible applications, it examined the requirements for safe navigation in the shipping environment. The project also studied whether it is possible to use existing techniques to mitigate or fix malfunctions from the shore. Several literature studies, papers, test runs, a simulator, and a real-life environment on board actual vessels showed the state of the technology, and also the challenges for the future. These challenges are described in a roadmap for the introduction of autonomy in shipping.
Eva Szewczyk
Biography: Having worked in legal and insurance roles for almost a decade, Eva has completed an MSc in Marine Transport (cum laude) at Newcastle University, focusing on legal and insurance aspects of autonomous vessels. She achieved the top result in the year and was awarded the North of England P&I Club Award for her research. Eva is currently pursuing this research further at doctoral level at Northumbria University, liaising with manufacturers of marine autonomous technologies and major P&I clubs.
Edmund Brekke
Biography: Edmund has an MSc in Industrial Mathematics (2005) and a PhD in Engineering Cybernetics (2010), both awarded by NTNU in Norway. His PhD research covered methods for target tracking in clutter. After a postdoctoral fellowship at NUS in Singapore, he became an associate professor in sensor fusion at NTNU in 2014. Edmund's main research interests lie in Bayesian estimation, with applications in target tracking and situational awareness for autonomous vehicles. He is project manager of the Autosea project funded by the Research Council of Norway, Kongsberg, Maritime Robotics and DNV GL.
Situational awareness in maritime collision avoidance
Synopsis: This talk presents experimental and simulation results on collision avoidance for autonomous ships from the Autosea project (www.ntnu.edu/autosea). This includes experiments conducted both in Trondheimsfjorden, Norway and outside Den Helder, Netherlands. The methods used include a combination of model-predictive control (MPC) and multi-target tracking based on probabilistic data association. The talk will highlight important principles for situational awareness, such as transparency and proactivity, and discuss how the aforementioned methods support these principles. The talk will also cover the potential of data-driven long-term prediction techniques for proactive collision avoidance, and the design of situational awareness systems for autonomous passenger ferries.
Dor Raviv
Orca AI
Biography: Dor is an experienced skipper and maritime navigation instructor, and a leading artificial intelligence algorithms engineer. Dor served as a team leader for the Israeli Navy for autonomous ships projects. He holds a BSc in Industrial Engineering, specializing in big data pipelines.
The challenges ahead: creating AI for ships
Synopsis: With the maritime industry increasingly turning to new technologies that claim to have the potential to solve the challenges facing ships and crews, new obstacles have arisen. Tasked with creating 'smarter navigation', the industry must first find ways to collect higher quality data; train AI; and develop systems, computer vision, sensors, and algorithms designed for open water as well as crowded waterways. Dor Raviv, CTO of Orca AI, a company using AI to prevent maritime collisions, will speak about what can be done to solve the challenges and how the industry must go about accomplishing its goals.
Nancy Scheijven-Westra
Director vessel traffic & water management
Biography: Nancy joined Rijkswaterstaat, part of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, in 2010. For four years she was director of asset and environmental management in the North Holland division. Since 2017 she has been director vessel traffic and water management of the man waterway infrastructure. She is responsible for the daily operation of about 450 locks and bridges in the Netherlands, vessel traffic management services, incident management and law enforcement. She is also responsible for water management including reporting on water quantity in times of both drought and floods. As director vessel traffic and water management, she is responsible for future developments in autonomous shipping.
Smart shipping on the Netherlands’ inland waterways
Synopsis: The Netherlands is home to Europe’s largest port and biggest inland navigation fleet, and lies at the mouth of Europe’s busiest waterway. To increase the competitiveness, safety and sustainability of the inland sector, the Netherlands wants to be one of the leaders in applying innovative automated shipping technologies. In this presentation the government of the Netherlands demonstrates how it (1) expects its smart shipping ambitions to contribute to the competitiveness, safety and sustainability of the maritime sector; (2) facilitates development and testing of automated shipping technologies in densely navigated waters; and (3) anticipates its role as waterway manager in the future.
Aditya Nawab
Robosys Autonomous Unmanned Systems Ltd
Biography: Aditya has over 18 years' experience in design and implementation of computer automation, with specialization in aspects of marine robotics, computer vision and artificial intelligence. In earlier years he worked on a NASA project for the International Space Station. He has also worked on multiple US Army DoD contracts to develop obstacle avoidance algorithms using commercial sensors. Since 2001 he has been leading USV developments, formerly at 5G International and more recently at Robosys.
SATEL Oy
Biography: Heikki Keränen MSc (Tech) has a professional background in 3GPP and mobile operator core systems and proprietary private networking over UHF/VHF frequencies. He is involved with development of mission-critical connectivity systems, studying and collecting end-user requirements and understanding the end-user business. A good example of mission-critical connectivity is that required by autonomous ships.
Solutions and savings for autonomous ship connectivity: a multi-technology platform
Synopsis: Autonomous ships require various communications channels and technologies. Varying needs depend, for example, on distance from the shore and required bandwidth. The most differentiating factor is the criticality level of the communications. How can we provide savings by combining the varying communications technologies into one device? And how can we intelligently allocate resources on available channels? How can we ensure that the highest-priority communications are always transmitted securely? How can we ensure the cybersecurity of the communications? Connectivity also includes positioning systems, so how can we combine high-accuracy positioning with other communications?
Michael Gordon Johnson
Sea Machines Robotics
Biography: Michael is the founder and CEO of Sea Machines, a Boston-based leading provider of autonomous control and intelligent perception systems for marine vessels. In 2017 the company launched the SM300, an autonomous control system for fleet-supporting workboats and utility craft. Michael earned a Marine Engineering degree from Texas A&M University and has led major offshore, oil and gas and marine projects around the globe. Prior to starting Sea Machines, he was a vice president at Crowley Maritime and its affiliate company, Titan Salvage.
Machine vision and sensor fusion as a step to Level 4 autonomy
Synopsis: Sea Machines will present the results of its collaboration with AP Moller-Maersk in the world's first deployment of an AI-powered situational awareness vision system on an actively trading container ship. It will present the capability of using RGB and thermal camera vision in varying environmental conditions to provide real-time visual target and traffic detection, classification and tracking using robust artificial intelligence built with large data sets and cutting-edge neural networks. The camera vision-borne targets are then fused with target information from conventional vessel instruments to create a more effective domain awareness system for crews and autonomous control systems.
Camilla Slater
Shipowners Club
Biography: Having qualified as a solicitor in 2001, Camilla worked for a number of years at a prominent international law firm, where she specialized in a range of shipping litigation matters. Camilla joined the Club in 2007 as a claims handler, managing a wide variety of P&I and legal costs cover (FDD) claims before becoming claims manager of the offshore syndicate in 2013. In 2016 Camilla took on a new role as head of legal with responsibility for legal services across all branches.
Ugo Vollmer
Shone
Biography: Ugo is passionate about the two sides of the coin: the technology and the people making it. With a great track record leading an engineering team at MapBox working on autonomous cars, he decided that the cargo industry deserved as much attention as the trucking industry, and co-founded Shone. Ugo holds an MSc in Computer Science from Ecole des Ponts Paristech, and previously conducted research on transportation safety at UC Berkeley.
Embed artificial intelligence on board ships
Synopsis: Autonomous does not mean unmanned. From Silicon Valley, Shone brings a realistic approach to autonomous ships.
Stig Petersen
Biography: Dr Stig Petersen is a senior scientist at SINTEF, a Norwegian research institute. His main field of expertise is industrial communication, with special focus on wireless instrumentation and communication for safety-critical systems. He has more than 10 years' experience in evaluating, testing and piloting communication solutions for offshore oil and gas. In recent years he has been investigating the use of wireless technology for safe communication for remote and autonomous ships.
Safety for autonomous ships: lessons learned from other domains
Synopsis: For autonomous ships, it is commonly stated that to be acceptable for commercial use, they must be at least as safe as conventional vessels in similar service. Safety can in this regard be defined as freedom from unacceptable risk of harm to humans, property or the environment. Since autonomous ships remove the human as a safety barrier, relevant safety regulations must be enforced for the control and navigation systems that will replace the onboard personnel. This presentation addresses how the maritime domain can learn from other modes of transport when it comes to safe implementation and testing of autonomous vehicles.
David Garrity
STS Defence
Biography: Dr David Garrity is the chief technology officer at STS Defence Ltd, leading overall technology strategy for the company and the research and technology department. In his previous role as chief scientist he led a number of Innovate UK research projects on a £2m program from 2014 to 2016, which developed the baseline IPR for a number of AI-based prototype systems. With a background as a physicist, he was a senior lecturer in nuclear engineering at the UK Defence Academy from 2009 to 2013, delivering education and training topics focused on nuclear propulsion.
IConIC – the pre-emptive fault recognition system
Synopsis: Globally there is a significant drive to introduce more automation and autonomy in marine and maritime, particularly through the exploitation of recent advancements in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to solve challenging problems. Much of the focus has been on solving automation/autonomy challenges for navigation systems, and there has been limited thought about how to approach the engineering spaces, particularly the main propulsion and auxiliary power units. This presentation showcases an AI-enabled condition monitoring system, developed over the past five years for all scales of marine diesel units, and rotating plant machinery more generally.
Maurits Huisman
European affairs manager
Biography: Maurits works for TNO, a large research institute (2,600 professionals) in the Netherlands. He is responsible for the European affairs of the maritime and offshore department. In addition to his European activities, Maurits is head of the maritime operations program of TNO. In 2018 he became a member of the European Council for Maritime Applied R&D (ECMAR).
Etsuro Shimizu
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Biography: Etsuro received his PhD in Control Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1999. He is a professor of marine science and technology at Tokyo University. From March 2005 to March 2006 he was a visiting professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. His current research interests include non-linear control theory and its application, underwater robotics and autonomous ships. These research projects cover not only technological aspects but also legal ones.
Required systems for proper lookout
Synopsis: COLREGs rule 5 (Lookout) defines the lookout as follows: 'Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and or the risk of collision'. This presentation discusses the required functions for the system that conducts the lookout.
Lokukaluge Prasad Perera
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Biography: L P Perera received a BSc (Mechanical Engineering) and MSc (Systems & Controls) from Oklahoma State University, USA and a PhD (Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering) from Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal. Currently, he is an associate professor at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. His research experience includes SINTEF Ocean – Norway, Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering - Portugal and Advanced Technology Research Center – USA. His academic experience includes Naval & Maritime Academy & Ocean University of Sri Lanka. His industrial experience includes Wärtsilä Finland.
COLREGs-based intelligent collision avoidance framework for autonomous ships
Synopsis: Ship collision avoidance in a mixed environment, where future remote-controlled, autonomous and manned vessels are interacting, has been an important topic for the shipping industry. Ship collision avoidance actions are regulated by COLREGs in open sea areas and additional local navigation rules and regulations, especially in confined waters and maritime traffic lanes. The respective collision avoidance actions will be executed by humans as well as systems in future vessels. Therefore, system intelligence should be on board to overcome possible collision or near-miss situations. This presentation focuses on developing intelligent collision avoidance systems based on COLREGs for future autonomous vessels.
Richard Balzano
Deputy maritime administrator
US Department of Transportation, Marine Administration
Biography: Richard was appointed by President Donald Trump and sworn in on October 16, 2017 by Secretary Elaine L Chao as deputy maritime administrator. A 1989 graduate of the Maine Maritime Academy, Richard earned his BSc in Marine Engineering with a minor in Nuclear Engineering. He was commissioned in the US Navy Reserve and also holds a master’s degree in Environmental Sciences from Johns Hopkins University. Prior to his appointment, he served on active duty on various assignments in the US Navy, including: sustainment strategy lead, Joint Program Office, F-35 Joint Strike Fighter; US Central Command J-3 Operations liaison to NATO, Operation Resolute Support, Kabul, Afghanistan; Chief of Staff, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (AT&L), Office of Small Business Programs; Commander US Naval Forces Central Command, liaison to the Sultanate of Oman; Platform Commander, Al Basra Iraq; Commander Naval Installations Command, Global War on Terrorism Action Officer; and Military Assistant, Office of the Secretary of Defense. In the Naval Reserve, Richard served as the Commanding Officer, Strategic Sealift Unit Mid-Atlantic; Executive Officer, Supervisor of Salvage and Diving Heavy Lift Unit; Executive Officer, Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit Two; Special Boat Unit 20; and Staff Officer DCNO’s staff. In 2005 he was qualified by the Office of the Director of Ocean Engineering and Supervisor of Salvage and Diving as the US Navy’s first-ever Heavy Lift Project Officer in response to the requirement to heavy lift damaged assets much like the operation performed on the USS Cole. Since 2005, he has conducted a number of heavy lift operations worldwide. In his civilian employment capacity, Richard has held various positions including: senior staff, US House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security; deputy test director, SRS Technologies; program manager, Science Application International Corporation; nuclear test engineer and nuclear systems operator, Northeast Utilities; engineering officer, Texaco Oil Corporation.
US Maritime Administration’s work on autonomous ships
Synopsis: The US Maritime Administration is the United States’ Federal agency dedicated to the continuous improvement of the US merchant marine – internationally, coastwise, and domestically. A smooth transition to the autonomous surface ships of the future is part of a global movement that will build on the United States’ strengths in communications, artificial intelligence, robotics, marine engineering, sensor technologies and maritime education.
Dieter Gabriel
Manager EMEA
Velodyne Europe GmbH
Biography: Dieter is a graduate geo-scientist and has gained broad experience in the mapping, remote sensing and lidar and navigation industries. Over the last 25 years of his career he has held various technical and customer-oriented managerial positions at international companies like DaimlerChrysler Aerospace, EADS Astrium and Applanix. He became European marketing manager for Velodyne in 2015.
3D lidar for autonomous vessel navigation in close quarters
Synopsis: The presentation will provide an overview of how lidar technology is developing from the current state of technology into a mass-produced product – suitable for marine applications and enabling vessels to go autonomous. It will include functional principles of lidar with respect to autonomous vessels; strengths and weaknesses of different environmental sensors; lidar technology evolution – from sensor in research to industrial mass production; and use cases for 3D multi-channel lidar sensors for autonomous vessels and marine applications.
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You are here: Home / Jose Feliz Diaz
Jose Felix Diaz
Attorney, Akerman
Jose Felix Diaz was born and raised in Miami, Florida. Jose developed a love for public service as student body president of his high school and college. While at the University of Miami, Jose was selected as Florida’s College Student of the Year. Soon thereafter, Jose went on to Columbia Law School where he received several notable distinctions including the American Bar Association’s Silver Key. Upon graduation, he returned to Miami to join the law firm of Akerman LLP, and was appointed to the American Bar Association’s legislative body, the House of Delegates.
With a decade of legal experience at Akerman LLP, which was ranked among the top 100 law firms in the U.S. by The National Law Journal, Jose has represented various individuals, nonprofit organizations, and entities throughout South Florida. He was recognized as one of the “Best of Miami’s Legal Leaders for 2014” by Miami Today.
In 2010, Jose was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, and he has dedicated himself to serving the needs of South Florida communities. As Vice-Chair of the Miami-Dade Legislative Delegation, he led the way in legislation that created $500 million of tax relief for middle-class families and championed the largest funding of education in Florida’s history.
In 2013, Will Weatherford, Speaker of the Florida House, appointed Jose to represent Florida on the Board of the Southern States Energy Board, the National Council of State Legislators’ Nuclear Energy Working Group, and the Standing Committee on Natural Resources and Infrastructure.
Jose also plays an active role in events and organizations that provide opportunities for abused and neglected children in Miami. He serves as a Board member for various child advocacy organizations, including CHARLEE Homes for Children. In 2011, Our Kids of Miami-Dade awarded Jose with the Outstanding Legislator Award, and Voices for Children awarded him with the MVP Leadership Award in 2012.
Josh Markus The Honorable Jeff Porter
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In celebrities
10 CELEBRITIES WHO HAD SHOCKINGLY ROCKY PAST
Sometimes we forget that the celebrities that we see in glamorous photos, on our TVs, and in the movies, are real human beings and have pasts. They too have had their share of problems and difficulties and some of them have a distinctly rocky past. In many ways, it’s quite inspiring to find out that, despite the hardships and shady histories, these celebs have still somehow managed to make it big and to become much loved names in showbiz. If you ever thought that the top celebrities of today must have been born lucky, then read on, and you will find some of the shocking and tragic pasts that some celebs have had to try to put behind them.
Oprah Winfrey had a dreadful, poverty stricken childhood to contend with. Her parents were two teenagers who split up when Oprah was still very young and, after she moved to Wisconsin, Oprah was repeatedly sexually assaulted by male relatives. As a result of her traumatic upbringing, the talk show host then got heavily into drugs and alcohol and she herself became pregnant at the age of 14, but the baby was born premature and died soon after birth. Thankfully, Oprah Winfrey managed to turn her life around when she landed a job with a local TV station and that was beginning of her media career.
2. Demi Moore
Demi Moore had a tough upbringing too. Her mother was an alcoholic who also suffered from Bipolar disorder and her father had disappeared from the scene altogether. Her stepfather also had addiction problems which led to both of Moore’s parents abusing each other. Her stepfather then committed suicide in 1980. Demo Moore finally got her break in life when she he got her part in the TV soap opera General Hospital.
3. Kelsey Grammer
Best known for playing Dr. Frasier Crane in the TV sitcoms Cheers and Frasier, Kelsey Grammer’s life has been filled with one tragedy after another. At the age of 11, his grandfather, who had been caring for him, died and then, shortly after that, Grammer’s own father was murdered. Even in later life, tragedy has never been far away from Kelsey Grammer. His sister was murdered as well and his two half-brothers died in a tragic scuba diving accident.
4. Keanu Reeves
Keanu Reeves has not had an easy ride ever since he was abandoned as a child by his father. Later on, he lost his very good friend River Phoenix who died of a drug overdose. The bad luck for Reeves didn’t end there though; just one year after the death of River Phoenix, Reeves and his then girlfriend Jennifer Syme had to bury their still born daughter and, a year after that awful tragedy, Jennifer Syme was killed in a car accident.
5. Barry White
Some celebrities have found themselves on the wrong side of the law and the late R&B legend Barry White was one of those. As a teenager, White was raised in the crime torn streets of South Central L.A., and both he and his brother got involved with street gangs. At just 17, Barry White was imprisoned for seven months for stealing car tyres. It was an experience he decided he didn’t want to repeat, so he went straight, and he vowed that he would never go back to his old ways.
6. Charlize Theron
South African born actress and model Charlize Theron was brought up on a farm near Johannesburg and her father was a violent alcoholic. He returned home one night after drinking too much and began shooting at Theron and her mother through the bedroom door. Theron’s mother defended herself and her child by shooting back and she killed the rampaging father dead and wounded Theron’s brother. Her mother was acquitted on the grounds of self-defence, but the episode left a lasting mental scar on Charlize Theron.
7. Shania Twain
Canadian country singer Shania Twain has real heartbreak to fuel her singing because, in 1987, when her singing career was just beginning to take off, both her mother and father were killed in a car accident. Twain had already worked her way through a difficult childhood, which included poverty and homelessness, and then she had put her career on hold to take care of younger siblings.
8. Kevin Spacey
Kevin Spacey’s past only came to light when his brother spoke up about it and it is as strange as it is tragic. Spacey and his brother were abused by their sadist father who also liked to dress up in Nazi regalia and was a member of the American Nazi Party.
9. Nick Nolte
Most people know that Nick Nolte was arrested for driving under the influence in 2002, but that was not Nolte’s first brush with the law. He was arrested in 1965 and sentenced to 45 years in prison for selling fake draft cards. His sentence was later suspended and Nolte went on to be the star of over twenty movies.
10. Christina Aguilera
Christine Aguilera was born in New York to a mother who was a singer and a father who was in the US Army. Her father was often abusive and the police were frequently called to the Aguilera home. When her parents finally divorced, Aguilera, her mother and sister moved to Pittsburgh, where the singer first made her name singing in local talent shows.
celebritiescelebrities gossipcelebrity gossipcelebrity gossipscelebrity news and gossipfeaturedlatest celebrity gossip
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Scáthach
Gender Feminine
Usage Irish Mythology
Pronounced Pron. SKA-tag, Sk-tha-ch
Other Forms FormsScathach, Scathaghe, Scathag, Skatha
Contributor Contrib.anonymous on 1/20/2008
Last Editor EditorSeaHorse15 on 1/16/2012 [revision history]
Possibly from Irish scáth meaning "shadow". In Irish legend she was the Scottish warrior woman who trained the Ulster hero Cúchulainn.
It was used by Irish author Michael Scott for a character in his young adult novel 'The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel' (2007).
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2014 Inductee Andy Dennis, 1991
Andy Dennis earned a total of six varsity letters during his tenure at Bellevue High School (BHS), including two in basketball and four in tennis, a sport he dominated as the No. 1 singles player for four years. He graduated from BHS in 1991.
Andy was named the most improved basketball player following his junior season in 1989-90. He helped lead the Redmen to an NOL championship his junior season. Andy used his fine junior season as a springboard for an outstanding senior campaign, where he was named First Team All-NOL, First Team District 6, Honorable Mention All-NW District and Honorable Mention All-Ohio.
He scored 422 points (19.2 per game) as a senior, shot 62.0 percent from the floor (fifth all-time), pulled down 174 rebounds (20th all-time). He was chosen as the Most Valuable Player.
While playing No. 1 singles in tennis over four years, Andy compiled 80 career wins, breaking the old mark of 61 that was previously set by Chase Canfield the year before. He was named tennis team MVP in 1988, 1989, and 1990. He dominated the NOL and was a First Team All-NOL performer four straight years. Andy was also a District qualifier all four years of his high school career. His senior season he qualified for and played in the State Tournament in 1991. He was one of only 16 Division II players competing at the State Tournament.
He continued his tennis career at Otterbein College where he was conference runner-up in 1992.
Today, Andy is employed by Cardinal Health as a Data Analyst. He and his wife Christina reside in Marysville, Ohio
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Alyson Steel
IMAGING VOICE
AC, Adult Hits, CHR, Country, Hot AC
Alyson is a graduate of the “Famed” HS of Performing Arts in NYC. After graduating her MFA in Dramaturgy she moved to Los Angeles and began doing extensive Voice Over work. Her voice has been described as having a lot of range being able to go from sounding like a teenager to a woman in her 40’s. Other descriptions such as Warm, sexy, smooth, hot, hip, retail, sultry, raspy, professional, fun, girl next door, conversational, upbeat, friendly, teen and mom. Impersonations include an uncanny Fran Drescher as “The Nanny” many others. Dialects include New York, British, Italian, French and Light Southern. Alyson can be heard on various national and regional Campaigns for TV and Radio including Sears, KMART, Walmart, Guitar Center, Pajamagram and hundreds of others. If you listen closely next time you are at a Walmart you can hear her doing In Store spots throughout the store. You can also hear her Image Rick Dee’s Syndicated Countdown show. Currently Alyson is the Female Voice of OutSide TV Network, TVG Network and Universal Sports Network. If you live in LA you can hear her on commercials for KCRW. She has done Promos for “E”, FOX, ABC and Hallmark Channel and for 4 Years in a row she was the LIVE announcer for the Genesis Awards. Alyson has also narrated several TV shows including ‘Style Star’ on the Style and “E” Networks ,’Home Made Simple’ on TLC, Food Network shows and The DIY network among countless other narrations. Living in LA, Alyson also auditions for On camera Commercials as well as TV and enjoys working in front of the camera when she gets the opportunity. She has 4 year old twins that keep her busy besides working as a full time Voice Over Artist and actor and practices yoga at least 5 days a week.
Imaging Voice Demos:
Car Demo
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BR Home Page > Players > Jake Diekman > 2014 Batting Game Logs
Team: Kansas City Royals (majors)
Born: January 21, 1987 in Wymore, NE us
Draft: Drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the 30th round of the 2007 MLB June Amateur Draft from Cloud County Community College (Concordia, KS).
High School: Wymore Southern HS (Wymore, NE)
Schools: Cloud County Community College (Concordia, KS), Doane College (Crete, NE)
Debut: May 15, 2012 (Age 25-115d, 17,789th in MLB history)
vs. HOU 1.1 IP, 0 H, 3 SO, 0 BB, 0 ER, W
2019 Contract Status: Signed thru 2019, 1 yr/$2.75M (19) & 20 mutual option
Service Time (01/2019): 6.050 • Free Agent: 2020
Agents: Beverly Hills Sports Council
Full Name: Jacob Tanner Diekman
Pronunciation: \DEEK-man\
Twitter: @JakeDiekman
Jake Diekman Overview
More Diekman Pages
Minor & Fall Lg Stats
More Jake Diekman Pages at Baseball Reference
Jake Diekman page at the Bullpen Wiki
2019 Royals
(35-62, 4th place in AL Central)
Scott Barlow
Lucas Duda
Danny Duffy
Tim Hill
Jakob Junis
Brad Keller
Mike Montgomery
Wily Peralta
Jorge Soler
Glenn Sparkman
Bubba Starling
Meibrys Viloria
Adalberto Mondesi (10-day)
Team Record in Appearances 38-29 / in Starts: 0-0
2014 Batting Game Log
Click two rows to sum games (Clear)
Rslt
Inngs
73 4 (3) Apr 4 PHI @ CHC W,7-2 6-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
74 5 Apr 5 PHI @ CHC W,2-0 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
75 8 (2) Apr 9 PHI MIL L,4-9 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
76 9 Apr 10 PHI MIL L,2-6 7-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
77 10 Apr 11 PHI MIA W,6-3 5-6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
78 13 (2) Apr 14 PHI ATL L,6-9 9-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 P
79 17 (3) Apr 19 PHI @ COL L,1-3 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
80 18 Apr 20 PHI @ COL W,10-9 6-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
81 20 (1) Apr 22 PHI @ LAD W,3-2 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
83 23 Apr 25 PHI @ ARI L,4-5 7-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
84 27 (3) May 2 PHI WSN L,3-5 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
85 30 (2) May 5 PHI TOR L,0-3 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 P
86 31 May 6 PHI TOR L,5-6 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
87 34 (2) May 9 PHI @ NYM W,3-2 6-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
88 35 May 10 PHI @ NYM W,5-4 6-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
89 37 (1) May 13 PHI LAA L,3-4 9-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
90 40 (2) May 17 PHI CIN W,12-1 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
91 42 (1) May 20 PHI @ MIA W,6-5 6-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
92 44 (1) May 22 PHI @ MIA L,3-4 9-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
93 46 (1) May 24 PHI LAD W,5-3 6-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
94 50 (3) May 28 PHI COL W,6-3 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 P
95 52 (1) May 30 PHI NYM W,6-5 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
96 53 May 31 PHI NYM L,4-5 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
97 55 (1) Jun 2 PHI NYM L,2-11 9-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
98 58 (2) Jun 5 PHI @ WSN L,2-4 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
99 62 (3) Jun 10 PHI SDP W,5-2 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
100 64 (1) Jun 12 PHI SDP W,7-3 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 P
101 66 (1) Jun 14 PHI CHC W,7-4 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
102 68 (1) Jun 16 PHI @ ATL W,6-1 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
103 69 Jun 17 PHI @ ATL W,5-2 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
104 71 (1) Jun 19 PHI @ STL W,4-1 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
105 73 (1) Jun 21 PHI @ STL L,1-4 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
106 76 (2) Jun 24 PHI MIA W,7-4 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
108 82 (3) Jun 29 PHI ATL L,2-3 7-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
109 83 Jul 1 PHI @ MIA L,4-5 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
110 85 (1) Jul 3 PHI @ MIA W,5-4 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 P
111 88 (2) Jul 6 PHI @ PIT L,2-6 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
112 90 (1) Jul 8 PHI @ MIL W,9-7 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 P
113 92 (1) Jul 10 PHI @ MIL W,9-1 9-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
114 94 (1) Jul 12 PHI WSN L,3-5 10-GF(10) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
115 98 (3) Jul 20 PHI @ ATL L,2-8 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
116 100 (1) Jul 22 PHI SFG L,6-9 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 P
117 103 (2) Jul 25 PHI ARI W,9-5 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 P
118 109 (5) Jul 31 PHI @ WSN W,10-4 7-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 P
119 112 (2) Aug 3 PHI @ WSN L,0-4 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
120 113 Aug 5 PHI HOU W,2-1 10-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 P
121 114 Aug 6 PHI HOU W,10-3 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
122 117 (2) Aug 9 PHI NYM L,1-2 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
123 118 Aug 10 PHI NYM W,7-6 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
124 123 (4) Aug 16 PHI @ SFG L,5-6 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
125 124 Aug 17 PHI @ SFG L,2-5 8-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
126 127 (2) Aug 20 PHI SEA W,4-3 6-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
127 128 Aug 22 PHI STL W,5-4 7-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
128 129 Aug 23 PHI STL L,5-6 10-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 P
129 131 (1) Aug 25 PHI WSN W,3-2 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
131 134 Aug 29 PHI @ NYM L,1-4 7-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
132 137 (2) Sep 1 PHI @ ATL W,7-0 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
133 140 (2) Sep 5 PHI @ WSN W,9-8 10-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
134 143 (2) Sep 8 PHI PIT L,4-6 8-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
135 147 (3) Sep 12 PHI MIA W,3-1 10-GF(10) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 P
136 148 Sep 13 PHI MIA W,2-1 7-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
137 152 (3) Sep 17 PHI @ SDP W,5-2 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
138 159 (6) Sep 25 PHI @ MIA L,4-6 7-7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
139 162 (2) Sep 28 PHI ATL L,1-2 9-GF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 P
38-29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Death Cab For Cutie Celebrate 20th Anniversary of First Live Show With Rare Recording
“FIRST SHOW, ACOUSTIC AT THE PACER HOUSE, BELLINGHAM WA. 11/22/97” ARRIVES TODAY, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 22ND EXCLUSIVELY VIA BANDCAMP
By BP Staff , Nov 22, 2017
tlantic recording group Death Cab for Cutie will mark their 20th anniversary this week with the special release of never-before-heard audio captured at their very first live performance in their hometown of Bellingham, WA. “FIRST SHOW, ACOUSTIC AT THE PACER HOUSE, BELLINGHAM WA. 11/22/97” will be available exclusively via Bandcamp starting today, Wednesday, November 22nd; downloads begin at $4 with a portion of all proceeds benefitting Seattle’s The Aurora Commons.
In a statement from Death Cab for Cutie’s frontman, Benjamin Gibbard says,
This is a recording of the first ever Death Cab For Cutie show. It was made by our friend Trevor Adams on his dictaphone at The Pacer House in Bellingham, Washington on November 22, 1997. Sprawled across couches and sitting cross-legged on the floor were 25 of our closest friends and fellow musicians. Everyone played acoustic or semi-acoustic with no PA. Trevor made and passed bowl after bowl of microwave popcorn because he was (and Iassume still is) a great host.
Chris Walla and I had just finished the You Can Play These Songs With Chords cassette and we thought it would be fun to play a few shows around Bellingham to celebrate the release. We recruited Nick Harmer to play bass and Walla’s childhood friend Nathan Good to play drums. None of us thought we were starting a band nor did our ambitions for DCFC extend very far past this particular evening. We simply thought it would be fun to play these songs for our friends before moving on to other things.
I remain forever grateful to Trevor for inviting us to play in his living room 20 years ago today. It was one of the greatest nights of my life at the time and its significance has only grown since.
Currently featuring the core membership of Ben Gibbard, Nick Harmer, and drummer Jason McGerr, Death Cab for Cutie’s eighth studio album, “KINTSUGI” made a remarkable chart debut upon its March 2015 release, debuting at #1 on Billboard’s “Top Alternative Albums” and “Top Rock Albums” charts, as well as #8 on the overall SoundScan/Billboard 200. Hailed by Magnet as perhaps “the best record of (Death Cab For Cuties’s) 17-year career,” the album was honored with a “Best Rock Album” nomination for the 58th Annual GRAMMY® Awards – the iconic band’s eighth overall nod. Benjamin Gibbard also released his cover album of Teenage Fanclub's 1991 seminal album Bandwagonesque earlier this year via Canvasback Music/Turntable Kitchen. Gibbard's take on Bandwagonesque, hailed by Rolling Stone as “what a good covers album should be: deferential, yet personal” was recorded for release as part of Turntable Kitchen’s “SOUNDS DELICIOUS” vinyl subscription club, offering exclusive full-length cover albums on limited edition vinyl. The vinyl also includes an exclusive bonus 7" vinyl including covers of Alex Chilton's "Free Again" and Beat Happenings' "Bad Seeds,” both of which were covered by Teenage Fanclub on a 7” vinyl released shortly after their release of Bandwagonesque.
For more visit: DCFC
Guns N’ Roses Celebrate The Anniversary of Appetite For Destruction With Locked N’ Loaded Edition Box Set
By BP Staff May 30, 2018
Mike Gordon & Phish Celebrate Landmark Baker's Dozen Run With Live Recording
By BP Staff Aug 14, 2017
Stone Temple Pilots Announce Live 2018 Album Available For Record Store Day
Lamb of God Celebrates 20th Anniversary with Release of New Covers Album, 'Burn The Priest'
By BP Staff Apr 17, 2018
Hear Rare Live Recording Of Prince and MonoNeon At Paisley Park
Stone Temple Pilots Celebrate 25th Anniversary of 'Core'
By BP Staff Jul 26, 2017
Rush Celebrates The 40th Anniversary Of 'Hemispheres' With Reissue
Nathan East and Fourplay Celebrate Their 25th Anniversary with New Album "Silver"
Metallica To Celebrate Record Store Day With In-Store Performance At Berkeley, CA's Legendary Rasputin Music
By BP Staff Mar 31, 2016
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Robert Pennock
The Evidence Against the New Creationism: Robert Pennock
In his writings, law professor Phillip Johnson portrays himself as a soldier in the "culture wars," the point man in a "wedge strategy" to break apart the "religion" of evolution and to bring creationism into the mainstream. Johnson's is a philosophical attack, and the movement he leads is top-heavy with philosophers, such as William Dembski, Robert Koons, Stephen Meyer, J. P. Moreland, Paul Nelson, and Alvin Plantinga. It also includes conservative commentators, such as John Ankerberg and Nancy Pearcey, and even some scientists, like Michael Behe, Walter Bradley, and Jonathan Wells. In Tower of Babel, I discussed the most important contributions of these intelligent-design creationists (hereafter IDCS), and new writings of established creationists such as Norman Geisler, Henry and John Morris, and Hugh Ross. Contrary to Johnson's charge, I did not portray all creationists as Genesis literalists, but I was careful to describe (in their own terms) the interesting theological factionalism among Christian antievolutionists and antievolutionists who start from other religious viewpoints.
Johnson has organized an uneasy alliance against a common enemy. IDCS unite in their opposition to evolution and in their disdain for those Christians who believe one can be a theist while accepting its truth. William Dembski draws the new creationists' line in the sand, writing that IDCS "are no friends of theistic evolutionists." Johnson labels such believers "theistic naturalists" to highlight what he takes to be the incoherence of their "accommodationist" view. It is such compatibilist positions that his wedge aims to split, which is why, as he admits, so many Christian theologians oppose his movement.
Johnson says that IDCS push "the details" into the background. What this means is that they try to keep hidden their specific beliefs about the age of the earth, Noah's flood, and the goings-on in the garden. But scientists know that when testing a scientific hypothesis, the Devil is in ...
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At BSO, a substitution and a century-hopping debut
By Jeremy Eichler Globe Staff,April 11, 2014, 1:05 a.m.
Francois-Xavier Roth led a program with Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 1, Stravinsky’s “Symphony of Psalms,” and two works by Beethoven. (Stu Rosner)
The BSO by this point knows a thing or two about conductor cancellations, including the fact that the wave of events they set off can sometimes break in unpredictable directions.
Daniele Gatti was scheduled to conduct this week’s program at Symphony Hall, but was forced to cancel due to a shoulder injury. The BSO tapped the French conductor Francois-Xavier Roth in his stead.
Roth had never conducted before in this country, but his credentials made him well-suited to take over this week’s century-hopping program. Among his European affiliations, he serves as founding director of an ensemble called Les Siècles, which, last summer at the Proms, gave a period-instrument performance of “The Rite of Spring” on the same program that it played music of the French Baroque with Roth conducting in the style of that period: by striking the stage with a staff.
Alas no staff was drawn on Thursday night at Symphony Hall, but a similarly wide range of fluencies was required for the evening’s program, consisting of Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 1, Stravinsky’s “Symphony of Psalms,” and two works by Beethoven. Roth met the challenge and then some, leading over all with an understated elegance and instinctive musicality.
The all-Beethoven second half shone the brighter of the two, opening with the composer’s “Elegischer Gesang” or “Elegaic Song,” a seldom-heard gem of a choral work written in memory of Beethoven’s landlord’s wife, who died in childbirth. Just a few minutes long, the piece is suffused with a tenderness and warmth perhaps unexpected for the occasion, and under Roth’s direction, it unfurled in a single unbroken arch. This was followed by a lightly drawn, lucidly articulated account of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 4 in which Roth, leading without a baton, made the score feel at many points like chamber music. First and second violins were seated antiphonally, which drew out their volleying lines to striking effect. Tempos in the last movement were excitingly brisk without compromising too much clarity. And William R. Hudgins contributed some uncommonly silken clarinet solos.
Stravinsky’s “Symphony of Psalms,” commissioned by this orchestra, rarely strays far from the BSO’s programming. On Thursday night, in his shaping of the choral writing in particular (eloquently sung by the Tanglewood Festival Chorus) Roth brought out the work’s jagged lines and austere majesty. The night opened with the Bach, last played by the BSO in 1982, and receiving here a performance that, while not without some lively solo playing, was still in search of more refined balances and a deeper measure of stylistic comfort.
Jeremy Eichler can be reached at jeichler@globe.com.
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Our Reporting Offices
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Home / Resources / Social Justice Definitions
Language has the potential to enact and maintain social justice and social change.
We are aware that social justice language and the frameworks it represents are dynamic. We are committed to offering information about language and frameworks that support social change. While the list of Social Justice Definitions we offer is neither exhaustive nor does it present the only way to understand social justice frameworks, it does serve as a guide to our work.
Antisemitism/ Anti-Jewish Oppression: Antisemitism
The specific form of race-based oppression directed against Jewish people and the descendants of Jewish people. Anti-Jewish oppression is the early and preracialized roots of religion-based oppression. (Adams & D'errico)
Adams, M., & D'errico, K. H. (2007). Antisemitism and Anti-Jewish Oppression Curriculum Design. In M. Adams, L. Bell, & P. Griffin (Eds.), Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice (2 ed., pp. 285-308). New York: Routledge.
The capacity to (1) value diversity, (2) conduct self-assessment, (3) manage the dynamics of difference, (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge, and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities one serves. (Cross et al.)
Cross, T., et al. (1989). Towards a culturally competent system of care: A monograph on effective services for minority children who are severely emotionally disturbed. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Child Development Center. Vol. 1.
Having a variety of social identities (sex, race, gender, class, religion, ability, health, ethnicity, migration history and many others) that spend time in shared spaces, communities, institutions or society. (Adams)
Adams, M. (2013) Section 1: Conceptual Frameworks Introduction. In M. Adams, W.J. Blumenfeld, C. Castañeda,, H.W. Hackman, M.L. Petrs, & X. Zúñiga. (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice (1-5). New York: Routledge.
The ability of a particular social identity group to marshal social resources toward one’s own group and away from others. This process can often be rendered invisible and seen as a “natural order.”
The notion of being fair and impartial as an individual engages with an organization or system, particularly systems of grievance. It reflects processes and practices that both acknowledge that we live in a world where everyone has not been afforded the same resources and treatment while also working to remedy this fact. “Equity” is often conflated with the term “Equality” which means sameness and assumes, incorrectly, that we all have had equal access, treatment, and outcomes. In fact, true equity implies that an individual may need to experience or receive something different (not equal) in order to maintain fairness and access. For example, a person with a wheelchair may need differential access to an elevator relative to someone else.
The ability of a dominant or ruling group to impose its own values and ideas about what is natural or normal on a subordinated group, often defining the parameters of what is even considered an acceptable topic within the dominant discourse (also referred to as the Master Narrative). (Gramsci)
Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. New York: International Publications.
The notion that an organization or system is welcoming to new populations and/or identities. This new presence is not merely tolerated but expected to contribute meaningfully into the system in a positive, mutually beneficial way. Inclusive processes and practices are ones that strive to bring groups together to make decisions in collaborative, mutual, equitable ways.
The theory — conceptualized in the 1980s by Black feminist legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw — that markers of identity do not act independently of one another, but exist simultaneously, creating a complex web of privilege and oppression and “negating the possibility of a unitary or universal experience of any one manifestation of oppression” (i.e. a gay Latino man experiences male privilege differently than a gay white man AND homophobia differently than a gay white man). Examining the experiences of people who live at the intersections of two (or more) subordinated identities becomes a useful way to diagnose oppression within a system. (Adams) (Crenshaw) It reflects the ways that our socially constructed identities come together in one body, and concerns the interrelatedness of our social identities, both privileged and oppressed, and how this mixture impacts both our self-perception and how we are viewed and treated by other individuals, groups, institutions, and by society. (Collins & Bilge) (Kirk & Okazawa-Rey)
Collins, P. & Bilge, S. (2016). What is intersectionality?. In P. Collins & S. Bilge, Intersectionality. (p.1-30). Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). "Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color." Stanford Law Review 43(6): 1241-1299.
Kirk, G. & Okazawa-Rey, M. (2013). Identities and Social Locations. Who Am I? Who Are My People?. In M. Adams, W.J. Blumenfeld, C. Castañeda,, H.W. Hackman, M.L. Petrs, & X. Zúñiga. (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice (pp. 9-15). New York: Routledge.
Master Narrative
A term brought into prominence by Jean-Françios Lyotard implying a “narrative about narratives of historical meaning, experience, or knowledge, which offers a society legitimation through the anticipated completion of a (as yet unrealized) idea.” (Childers and Hentzi) It is the “story that produces all other stories; or, to put it another way, the Big Story that lends coherence and shape to all the little stories … A master narrative is not a particular story; it is the story [we] are always writing when [we] tell the stories [we] typically tell.” (Rosen)
Childers, J. and Hentzi, G (eds). (1995). The Columbia dictionary of modern literary and cultural criticism. P. 186. New York: University of Columbia Press.
Rosen, J. http://www.publicworks.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Public-Works-What-is-a-Master-Narrative.pdf.
“The everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership” (Wing). For example, “One must not look for the gross and obvious. The subtle, cumulative mini-assault is the substance of today’s racism.” (Pierce)
Pierce. C. (1970). Offensive mechanisms: The vehicle for micro-aggression. In F. Barbour, The Black 70s. Boston: Porter Sargent, p. 265-82.
Wing Sue, D. (2010). Microaggressions: more than just race. Psychology Today. (Retr. Nov 17, 2010).
Multisystemic Privilege and Oppression
A system of advantage based on social identity (Wellman). It is the unearned social, financial, cultural, and psychological advantages that individuals receive based solely on their membership in a dominant identity group. These advantages confer social advantage over non-dominant groups, but about which its members are “meant” to remain oblivious. Akin to an invisible, weightless knapsack of special provisions readily available to dominant group members. (Not the same as “luck” because these advantages are not assigned by chance, but by identity). (McIntosh)
A system of disadvantage based on social identity (Wellman). Oppression maintains advantages and disadvantages based on social group memberships and operates intentionally and unintentionally, on individual, institutional and cultural levels. (Goodman)
Privilege and oppression exist when one group has something of value that is denied to others simply because of the groups they belong to, rather than because of anything they’ve done or failed to do.
Internalized
Lies within individuals
Occurs between individuals. Biases that occur when individuals interact with others and their internalized beliefs affect their public interactions
Involves institutions and systems of power. unfair policies and discriminatory practices of particular institutions (schools, workplaces, etc.) that routinely produce inequitable outcomes for marginalized people and advantages for privileged people. The institutional policy may never mention any social identity group, but their effect is to create advantages for some social identity groups and disadvantages for other social identity groups.
An array of normalized dynamics — historical, cultural, internalized, interpersonal, institutional — that produce inequitable outcomes over and over again. Most profound, pervasive, and challenging to name because it involves the effects of multiple institutions, norms, past and present.
Goodman, D. (2015). “Oppression and privilege: Two sides of the same coin.” Journal of Intercultural Communication. No. 18, p. 1-14.
Lawrence, K., & Keleher, T. (Eds.). Proceedings from Race and Public Policy Conference 2004. Chronic disparity: Strong and pervasive evidence of racial inequalities. (p.1-6). Berkeley: CA
McIntosh, P. (1988). White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies. Working Paper 189. Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College.
Wellman, D. (1993). Portraits of white racism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
A misleading and deceptively appealing classification of human beings created by White people originally from Europe which assigns human worth and social status using the White racial identity as the archetype of humanity for the purpose of creating and maintaining privilege, power, and systems of oppression. (Lawrence and Keleher)
The combination of individual prejudice and individual discrimination, on one hand, and institutional policies and practices, on the other, that result in the unjustified negative treatment and subordination of members of racial or ethnic groups that have experienced a history of discrimination. Prejudice, discrimination, and racism do not require intention. (Pine and Hilliard)
Pine, G. and Hilliard, A. (1990, April). Rx for racism: Imperatives for America’s schools. Phi Delta Kappan, p. 2-3.
The notion that patterns of human interaction (often deemed to be normal, natural or universal) are, in fact, humanly produced and constructed by social expectation and coercion but is presented as “objective.” For example, the erroneous assumption of women being better at housework is not at all connected to their female anatomy, but to social expectations and pressures imposed on women. (Berger and Luckman)
Berger, P. and T. Luckmann (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
An analysis of how power, privilege, and oppression impact our experience of our social identities. “Full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs. Social justice includes a vision of society in which the distribution of resources is equitable” and all members of a space, community, or institution, or society are “physically and psychologically safe and secure.” (Adams et al. 2016)
“… social justice is both a process and a goal. The goal of social justice is full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs. Social justice includes a vision of society in which the distribution of resources is equitable and all members are psychologically and physically safe and secure.” (Bell, 2013, p. 21).
Adams, M et al. (2016). Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. New York: Routledge. p. 1.
Bell, L. (2013). Theoretical foundations. In M. Adams, W.J. Blumenfeld, C. Castañeda,, H.W. Hackman, M.L. Petrs, & X. Zúñiga. (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice. New York: Routledge.
The process through which we become accustomed to societal norms, i.e. rules about appropriate or acceptable social identities, beliefs and behaviors. We are bombarded by these messages even before we are born. These messages are offered by a widening social network (interpersonal, institutional, structural). Through socialization, we learn about social identity categories, such as socioeconomic status, race, assigned sex, gender, religion, health status, sexual orientation, and many other social identity categories, as well as the boundaries of human worth and value. It is training/ education like any other. We are great students! We then use this framework to guide our behaviors, beliefs, and professional practices. (Harro) (Sensoy & DiAngelo)
Harro, B. (2013). The cycle of socialization. In M. Adams, W.J. Blumenfeld, C. Castañeda,, H.W. Hackman, M.L. Petrs, & X. Zúñiga. (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice (pp. 45-52). New York: Routledge.
Sensoy, O. & DiAngelo, R. (2012). Socialization. In O. Sensoy & R. DiAngelo, Is everyone really equal? (pp. 14-25). New York: Teachers College Press.
The experience of social dispossession, dislocation, and disempowerment relative to a dominant social group. This experience of being seen as “less than” or “minoritized” can often be rendered invisible and seen as a “natural order.”
The state in which even a minimum amount of racial stress becomes intolerable, triggering a range of defensive moves [in white people]. These moves include the outward display of emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and behaviors such as argumentation, silence, and leaving the stress-inducing situation. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium. Racial stress results from an interruption to what is racially familiar. (DiAngelo)
DiAngelo, R. (2011). "White Fragility." International Journal of Critical Pedagogy 3(3): 54-70.
“A location of structural advantage, of race privilege. Second, it is a ‘standpoint,’ a place from which White people look at ourselves, at others, and at society. Third, ‘Whiteness’ refers to a set of cultural practices that are usually unmarked and unnamed.” (Frankenberg)
Frankenberg, R. (1993). The social construction of Whiteness: White women, race matters, p. 1. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Updates and Statements
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DeLand-area tennis center attracts international players
Since Wei-Yu Su bought Brandywine Tennis and Fitness Club in the summer of 2014, he has made improvements to the courts and brought in players from outside the area to train at the facility.
“We’re trying to improve [Brandywine’s] exposure nationally and internationally,” Su told The Beacon in a recent interview. “We’ve trained very young players from 3 to 4 years old all the way up to the top levels, including the NCAA.”
The young players have come from a wide assortment of locales, he said.
“We have trained and helped more than 40 players from Japan, Taiwan, China, and some other states,” Su said. “They have won many USTA Florida Junior and Open tournaments in Florida, as well as an International Tennis Federation Junior tournament in the Dominican Republic, and had a finalist in the Intercollegiate Tennis Association Summer circuit tournament. So far, we have helped four kids receive full NCAA tennis scholarships.”
Chinese Youth who Trained in DeLand wins tourney in Bradenton
Xiao-Fei Wang, a 12-years-old member of the Chinese national tennis team, won 12-and-under boys' singles title at the Eddie Herr International Championship Dec. 6 at the IMG Academy in Bradenton.
Click Here for Full Story.
Changes to DeLand area tennis club aimed at making it an international draw
DELAND — Changes are coming to the Brandywine Tennis and Fitness Club.
The club, located just north of DeLand at 2930 Brandywine Road, came under the new ownership of Hawaii businessman Wei-Yu Su in August of last year.
Since then, the private tennis club has resurfaced its four hard courts and plans to add red clay courts, according to Su and director of operations Ryan Bauman. Su said he has probably spent $40,000 to $50,000 in renovations and new equipment since taking over.
“It’s definitely a little bit of a niche,” Bauman said of the red clay courts that aren’t common in the United States.
Su said he hopes to break ground on the new red clay courts by the end of the year, starting off with four.
In addition to its hard courts, the facility also currently has four “har-tru” green clay courts. Bauman said if the red clay courts are a success, the facility would seriously consider converting its green clay courts to red clay courts.
Bauman said the hard courts usually need resurfacing every two to four years and those at the club were slick and had uneven areas before being resurfaced.
Su, a native of Taiwan who lives in Hawaii, has also started bringing in international players to train at the facility. Su said he played tennis professionally and in college, and this is his first time owning a club. He said it was time to jump in, and noted he liked the layout of the club with the courts being spread out.
“Tennis is very international,” Su said.
He said when you play you know people from everywhere, and he wants the local community to get to know people from all over the world.
“That’s the whole thing: I want to bring that experience to here,” he said.
At a recent practice at the court, young players from Taiwan, Japan, and Hawaii were training on the green clay courts.
“It’s a totally different level of tennis compared to Hawaii. It’s cool to meet new players and make connections internationally,” said Marc Hayashi, a 17-year-old from Hawaii who Su has coached before.
The facility has two full-time and two part-time employees, Su said. One part-time employee was retained from the club's staff under the previous owner.
Bauman said the club's membership has doubled to roughly 60 since Su became owner.
DeLand retiree and club member Harold Reedy was at the club with his wife Wanda on Tuesday. He said the ground maintenance has been better under the new ownership.
“They’ve done a lot of repair work,” he said.
Reedy said they have never played on a red clay court before.
“It’s an oddity. We might give it a try,” he said.
He also liked seeing the young players training at the facility.
“Tennis has been on the downfall…one of the problems is we don’t see the youth playing that we used to have,” Reedy said.
http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20150730/NEWS/150739981/0/search
BRANDYWINE TENNIS AND FITNESS CLUB TO SPONSOR VOLUSIA COUNTY SUMMER SCORECARD PROGRAM
Brandywine Tennis and Fitness Club (BTFC), near Daytona Beach, will be an activity sponsor for this year's Summer Scorecard hosted by Volusia County Parks and Recreation.
The Summer Scorecard is a Volusia County program offering fun options for physical activities during the summer aimed at youth ages 9 to 13. BTFC plans to host affordable and accessible tennis classes as part of the Summer Scorecard.
Classes are Tuesdays and Thursdays held between 12 PM and 2 PM. Drinks and a snack are provided along with equipment and top-notch instruction. Held throughout the summer will be “game days” where players can test their new tennis abilities through matches and games. Classes start June 9th and will continue through the summer until the beginning of school in August.
This is BTFC's first partnership with Volusia County. Ryan Bauman, Director of Operations, expects the activity sponsorship and classes to go well. “We have a highly-trained expert staff in the area of tennis with a lot of experience training juniors and younger players, ranging from state and nationally ranked players to beginners. This is a great opportunity for anyone interested in learning how to play tennis this summer!”
For more information on the Summer Scorecard program or to download a scorecard to get prepared, please visit www.healthyvolusia.org/bestsummerever.
About Brandywine Tennis and Fitness: Brandywine Tennis and Fitness Club of Deland, Florida was recently purchased and has re-opened under new management. The club encourages all tennis and health enthusiasts in the Daytona area to visit. Membership and Club Specials are being offered to new and existing members. Director of Operations Ryan Bauman can be reached at 386-734-0900 or rbauman@brandywinetennis.com.
RCUSA Partnership
Brandywine Tennis and Fitness Club is pleased to announce an agreement with RCUSA to develop a first-ever prototype club at Brandywine that highlights a new RedClay Tennis Garden and Training Center.
Brandywine Director of Operations, Ryan Bauman, states, “Working with RCUSA and their exclusive proprietary RedClay surface from Sportas of Germany will create national attention by incorporating these great courts and culture into American tennis.”
“We look forward to helping shift American tennis from hard courts to a proven clay surface that helps in teaching and prolongs healthy lifetime tennis play, ” adds Bauman. “And this innovative new court technology makes this RedClay a perfect fit for Florida.”
Brandywine is part of an exclusive group of RedClay Club Founding Members, dedicated to introducing the courts and culture to the American public.
Please visit redclayusa.com for more information on the clay technology. To stay tuned with updates on our progress, like us on Facebook.com/brandywinetennis and follow us on Twitter @brandywinetennis.
USTA Partnership
Brandywine Tennis and Fitness Club received news that we have been awarded a $1000 from the USTA Foundation of Florida for equipment for junior tennis. We are going to utilize this opportunity to spread the good word of tennis through the local schools and after school programs. We’ve already started meeting with some local public and private schools about teaching their gym classes to introduce the game to students who may not have an opportunity to try the sport outside of their physical education classes. Not only are we going to educate students, but also P.E. teachers in some of the ways they can get kids interested in the sport. We’re also offering to assist the schools in receiving their own USTA grants so they can get their own equipment and create a permanent tennis unit in their gym classes and after school programs.
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California Injury Lawyers Blog
Published By Blady Workforce Law Group, APC
Lawsuit Over Detention Death of French National to go to Jury
by Blady Workforce Law Group, APC
A New York federal judge refused to dismiss a wrongful death lawsuit filed on behalf of Irene Bamenga, a French national who was trying to return to France before she was detained for 12 days on immigration violations, held in New York county jails, and deprived of critical heart medications.
As reported in the Boston Globe, Bamenga, 29, who was living with her husband in Lynn, Massachusetts, died in custody despite numerous pleas for her medication. She was the subject of a 2012 Boston Globe series, “Justice in the Shadows,” which highlighted the secrecy of the U.S’s immigration system.
The decision by U.S. Senior Judge Thomas McAvoy allows the wrongful death and civil rights claims of Bamenga’s husband, Yodi Zikianda, to be brought before a jury. It also validates Zikianda’s years-long effort to have the case proceed, according to his lawyers.
“This is a hugely significant day in the long history of the Irene Bamenga case, and an equally significant one in the long quest of Irene’s husband, Yodi, to vindicate the memory of the wife whom he loved deeply,” said Alex MacDonald, of the MacDonald Law Group, who is one of Zikianda’s lawyers.
The lawsuit names the Albany County Correctional Facility in New York and Bamenga’s health care providers, among others, for her wrongful death in June 2011.
In 2011, Bamenga tried to cross the border into Canada so she could return to France, where she planned to resolve her U.S. immigration status. However, she was detained by U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents for having an expired visa, a civil violation.
Bamenga already had a plane ticket to return to France, but federal agents held her in a prison despite her complaints that she had congestive heart disease and needed medication.
Posted in: Wrongful death
Tagged: detention and immigration
Man Sues After E-Cigarette Explodes in His Face May 25, 2016
Atlanta Braves Sued for Death at Stadium April 29, 2016
Salmonella Victims Won’t Get Restitution April 19, 2016
5757 Wilshire Blvd,
Copyright © 2016 – 2019, Blady Workforce Law Group, APC
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All MPVs (4)
Transmission All Manual (3) Auto (1)
Age All Up to 2 years old (2) Up to 3 years old (4) Up to 4 years old (4) Up to 5 years old (4)
Mileage All Up to 10k miles (1) Up to 20k miles (3) Up to 30k miles (3) Up to 40k miles (3) Up to 50k miles (4) Up to 60k miles (4) Up to 70k miles (4)
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1.6 BlueHDi VTR+
MPV, Manual, Diesel, Blue, 2016 (65), 45,889 miles
Total Price £7,799 + £199 Admin fee
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MPV, Auto, Diesel, White, 2016 (16), 19,506 miles
1.6 BlueHDi Flair
MPV, Manual, Diesel, Gold, 2017 (17), 7,973 miles
MPV, Manual, Diesel, Black, 2017 (67), 10,545 miles
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Home Features Car Culture Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500 goes up for auction
Back to Car Culture
First ever Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500 goes up for auction
Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500 goes on auction
The top of the dashboard has been replaced, but apart from the exhaust too, everything is original
► First ever Sierra Cosworth RS500
► On sale 19th May
► Guide price of £90,000 to £120,000
The Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500 has to be one of the most iconic fast Fords ever made, and now you’ve got a chance to own the first first one. Chassis one of the car is going under the hammer at Silverstone Auctions on 19th May, and it’ll almost certainly go for six figures.
While 500 Sierra Cosworth RS500 were built in total, only one of them was built by Ford – this one. Designed and built to be the original test vehicle, this car started off as a pre-production prototype, but was then reshelled.
After being sold to its first owner in March 1987, the Ford ended up in Norway in 2007 after a further five owners. In February of this year, it was sold again, to its current owner.
Silverstone Auctions says the car features all parts unique to the RS500 such as the front bumper, lower splitters and rear spoilers. This example also features the RS500 pinstripe and badges, as well as a heavily modified engine bay, when compared to the standard Sierra. It looks like most of the car is original too; the only replaced parts are the top section of the dashboard and exhaust.
The guide price for the first ever Sierra RS500 Cosworth is £90,000 to £120,000.
Read about the time CAR magazine took a Ford Sierra Cosworth shopping
By Curtis Moldrich
CAR's online editor and racing-sim enthusiast
Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500 goes on auction The top of the dashboard has been replaced, but apart from the exhaust too, everything is original
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