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FRA Requirement remains in full force, will be made permanent.
WASHINGTON — The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) today sent a letter again instructing railroads transporting crude oil that they must continue to notify State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs) and Tribal Emergency Response Commissions (TERCs) of the expected movement of Bakken crude oil trains through individual states and tribal regions. Since May 2014, trains with 1,000,000 gallons or more of Bakken crude oil – approximately 35 tank cars – are subject to the notification.
“Transparency is a critical piece of the federal government’s comprehensive approach to safety,” U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said. “DOT is committed to making certain that states and local officials have the information they need to prepare for and respond to incidents involving hazardous materials, including crude oil. The Emergency Order that requires these notifications still stands, and we expect railroads to fully comply.”
The requirement, part of an Emergency Order issued in May 2014, also directs railroads to include estimated volumes of crude oil, the frequency of anticipated train traffic, and the route the crude oil will be transported. Contact information for at least one individual at the host railroad must be provided as well. In May, the Department of Transportation (DOT) announced that it would make the notification requirements of the Emergency Order permanent.
“We strongly support transparency and public notification to the fullest extent possible,” said FRA Acting Administrator Sarah Feinberg. “Railroads transporting crude oil must continue to provide the information required by the Emergency Order to SERCs and to update notifications in a timely manner. FRA will continue with random spot checks and regular compliance audits to ensure that states, local communities, and first responders have the information necessary to respond to a possible accident. FRA will take enforcement actions as necessary to ensure compliance.”
Earlier this year, the Department of Transportation (DOT), released its comprehensive rule that raises the bar on the safety of transporting crude oil by rail. The rule requires stronger tank cars and 21st century electronically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brakes that activate simultaneously on all tank cars, reduce the distance and time needed for a train to stop, and keep more tank cars on the track if a train does derail.
Read the letter below:
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), including the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), has made enhancing the safety of rail transportation of crude oil one of its top priorities. And we have improved safety by convening the railroad and energy industries, undertaking and completing a comprehensive rulemaking, and executing multiple safety advisories and emergency orders.
In all of these efforts, we have worked closely with all of you, the energy industry, Congress, and other stakeholders. When accidents have occurred, we have partnered with you, local first responders, states and others to respond quickly, provide resources, and lead or support investigations that hold many lessons and solutions to increase safety. FRA firmly believes that safety is a shared responsibility. That is why we have engaged, and will continue to engage, with your company and all stakeholders to raise the bar on safety.
In addition to establishing stronger tank car standards and requiring 21st century electronically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brakes, one of our efforts has been to ensure that critical information is provided to first responders and other local and state officials about the shipment of hazardous materials, including crude oil, through their states. Responsibly sharing this information is crucial for first responders to act quickly and to allow state and local officials to develop accurate, quality emergency plans. While federal, state, local, and tribal laws may place certain limitations on the nature and extent of information that can be shared with the public, we strongly support transparency and public notification to the fullest extent possible. And we understand the public’s interest in knowing what is traveling through their communities.
As you will remember, on May 7, 2014, DOT issued an Emergency Order requiring railroads to notify State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs) and Tribal Emergency Response Commissions (TERCs) of the expected movement of 1,000,000 gallons or more of Bakken crude oil in a single train through the state. The emergency order required that railroads update SERCs and TERCS when a significant increase or decrease—25 percent or more in the number of trains per week—in an estimate occurs. Although the preamble to the May 2015 final rule contemplated that the Emergency Order would end in early 2016, the Department has since announced that the Emergency Order will remain in full force until DOT makes the notification requirements permanent through rulemaking. To be clear: railroads transporting crude oil must continue to provide the information required by the Emergency Order to SERCs. These notifications should also be updated in a timely manner, as specified in the order and subsequent frequently asked questions. FRA will continue with random spot checks and regular compliance audits to ensure that states, local communities and first responders have the information necessary to respond to a possible accident. FRA will take enforcement actions as necessary to ensure compliance.
I look forward to continuing to work with you to ensure that state, local and tribal officials and emergency responders have all the information they need to be prepared for and respond to any accident involving crude oil and other hazardous materials.
If you require additional information, please contact me or Karl Alexy, hazardous materials division staff director, at (202) 493-6245 or via email at: john.alexy@dot.gov.
Sarah Feinberg
Acting Administrator
Federal Railroad Administrator
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NFL playoff picture: Seeds, division and wild-card races after Week 9
November 4th 2016, 5:52 pm
We've reached the halfway point of the NFL season and ... well, there aren't a ton of elite teams, to say the least. To get a feel for the races to watch as we head into the second half of the season, here's a look at a very, very early look at the playoff picture at the end of the Week 9 action. If the season ended today, this is what postseason would look like.
The AFC West currently has three teams in the postseason, with the Broncos falling to sixth behind the Chiefs after their loss to the Raiders on Sunday Night Football. The struggling Steelers surrendered their lead in the AFC North with a loss to the Ravens, and next week should be another big test as they host the Cowboys, the top team in the NFC. The Patriots will return from their Week 9 bye with a potentially tricky matchup against the Seahawks.
We’re only halfway through the season, but the Cowboys already have separated themselves to the tune of a two-game lead atop the NFC after the Vikings lost in overtime to the Lions. The Falcons, who are now in the No. 3 seed, asserted their dominance with an easy win against the Buccaneers on Thursday, and they’ll have another chance to gain ground in Week 10 against the foundering Eagles. The Packers’ loss to the Colts knocks them out of the playoff bracket for now, allowing the Redskins, on their bye week, to slide into the final wild-card spot.
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No carbon tax relief at the gas pumps
B.C.’s carbon tax jumping to $35 per ton in April
Barry Gerding
An increase in B.C’s carbon tax to about 8.5 cents a litre will hit Okanagan drivers at the gas pumps in 2018.
The impact on gas prices is the result B.C.’s carbon tax jumping to $35 per ton in April, making it the highest carbon tax in Canada.
That will translate to about an extra $5 every time you fill up your car and about $10 tacked on if you drive an SUV, according to the Canadian Taxpayers Federation.
The carbon tax is also applied to natural gas and home heating oil.
Kris Sims, BC director for CTF, said starting in 2018 the B.C. carbon tax will no longer be labelled as “revenue neutral” and the money will pour into government coffers without earmarks or tracking as to where it’s spent.
Related: Gas price spike in fall 2017
Sims said with more than 5.7 billion litres of gasoline sold in B.C. last year, that means the provincial government will rake in an average of $490 million in gasoline carbon tax, and when the diesel carbon tax is included, that jumps to more than $600 million in tax revenue taken from motorists in one year.
“The carbon tax is going to cost us even more and now we have no idea where it’s going,” said Sims.
“If you have two vehicles in your family this means the carbon tax now costs you about $360 per year just to drive your kids to school and get yourself to work and the grocery store. This doesn’t include the costs of all those goods that need to be trucked in. We will pay for that too.”
But that depressing news aside, Sims said there are some positives on the tax front for the year ahead.
Sims points to cuts to the Medical Services Plan, with payments sliced in half as of Jan. 1, 2018.
Sims explained that MSP reduction will save an average two adult home $900 per year in mandatory health care taxes. The government has promised to eliminate the MSP completely within their four-year mandate.
Sims said the CTF has long argued that this unfair, inefficient fee needed to be axed, and will maintain the pressure on government to get rid of it altogether, saving an additional $900 per year per average household.
“The CTF campaigned hard for a cut to MSP, so we’re very pleased this unfair tax will be halved.”
Federally, Employment Insurance (EI) premiums will rise slightly, costing employees and employers an additional $9 and $13 per year, respectively. The indexation of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB) will also come into force on July 1, 2018, leading to a slight decrease in payments to eligible families on Jan. 1.
“There are no dramatic income tax changes on the federal side,” said CTF federal director Aaron Wudrick. “Canadians can for the most part breathe easy, but they shouldn’t expect to have much more money in their pockets.”
Wudrick noted that while 2018 did not hold many large tax changes, Canadians can expect further changes in 2019.
“The Trudeau government has delayed imposing its national carbon tax until 2019, and Canada Pension Plan premiums will begin to rise annually as well,” said Wudrick.
“There is still considerable uncertainty on the business tax front, both with respect to the Trudeau government’s controversial small business tax proposals, and due to recent dramatic tax cuts south of the border which will impact Canada’s competitiveness.”
newsroom@vernonmorningstar.com
Two in custody after man shot in leg in Kamloops
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FORMER FIANNA FAIL ADVISOR NOEL WHELAN DIES AFTER A SHORT ILLNESS
July 11, 2019 News Desk News
Tributes are being paid to Wexford political writer and barrister Noel Whelan who died yesterday.
The 50 year old Ballycullane man passed away after a short illness.
Mr Whelan was a leading figure in the campaign to introduce same-sex marriage.
He also launched the Kennedy Summer School in New Ross.
He served as a FF advisor with strong party connections in his family – his father Seamus was a Fianna Fáil councillor and is brother Michael Whelan is currently on the council for the party.
He is survived by his wife Sinead and son.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar said this morning that he feels like “Ireland has lost a friend” and commended his sharp intellect.
Sean Connick, Chief Executive of the JFK Trust paid tribute to Mr Whelan, calling him a “larger than life character” and a “man of great intellect”.
GARDAI INVESTIGATING THE DEATH OF A MAN IN ENNISCORTHY
BRENDAN GRACE DIES AT THE AGE OF 68
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The South’s Best Museums
The South has amazing museums. Besides the world-renowned Smithsonian Institution in D.C., here are some of the traditional and contemporary spaces offering a distinct range of experiences. Whether your interests lie in the visual arts, music, food, history, space, architecture, or the media, the South has a museum for everyone
Birmingham Museum of Art (Birmingham, Alabama)
The world-class offerings at the BMA include paintings, furniture, and objects ranging over a 4,000-year period. The museum boasts an extensive Asian art collection, as well as the largest Wedgwood collection outside England. Also don’t miss the 1865 Albert Bierstadt masterpiece Looking Down Yosemite Valley or the well-tended outdoor sculpture garden. Free admission.
2000 Rev. Abraham Woods, Jr. Blvd. (formerly 2000 8th Ave. North); artsbma.org
Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art (Bentonville, Arkansas)
Art Meripol
Five centuries of American art can be viewed at Crystal Bridges. Highlights include the Alfred Stieglitz Collection, and Norman Rockwell’s Rosie the Riveter. Equally as impressive are the 120-acre site’s 3.5 miles of art trails. Free admission.
600 Museum Way; crystalbridges.org
Institute of Contemporary Art (Miami, Florida)
For a more provocative art experience, look no further than the Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami. The permanent collection includes works by John Baldessari, Sterling Ruby, and Ed Ruscha. As well as a vibrant exhibitions program, they also present ‘Ideas’: residencies, lectures, and films. Free admission.
4040 NE. Second Avenue; icamiami.org
Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex (Orlando, Florida)
It may cost $50 to explore, but the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex is an all-day, out-of-this-world adventure. Touring the NASA site, you’ll view the Space Shuttle Atlantis, watch IMAX films, and see all kinds of exhibits about rocket launches, aeronautics, and the history of space exploration. You can even meet an astronaut.
SR 405; kennedyspacecenter.com
High Museum of Art (Atlanta, Georgia)
The High, one of the largest art museums in the South, has more than 15,000 objects in its permanent collection. Inside, marvel at works by the Georgia folk artist Howard Finster from his famous Paradise Garden. Outside, enjoy sculptures by Rodin and Lichtenstein. Spend $19.50 for admission, and then spend hours savoring the experience.
1280 Peachtree Street NE.; high.org
Booth Western Art Museum (Cartersville, Georgia)
Believe it or not, the Booth—a museum in Georgia—has the largest permanent exhibition space in the country that celebrates the American West. It also features Civil War art, presidential portraits and correspondence, and a reference library. The Booth hosts temporary exhibitions throughout the year, as well as public programs that expand on the museum’s many themes. $10 admission.
501 Museum Drive; boothmuseum.org
Hidden River Cave and American Cave Museum (Horse Cave, Kentucky)
Situated at the entrance to what has been called “the greatest cave restoration story in the United States,” the American Cave Museum features natural history exhibits exploring the geology of cave formations, issues affecting wildlife, the history of cave exploration, and how caves can impact water quality. Cave tours start at $15 and include helmets and headlamps; the museum is free.
119 East Main Street; hiddenrivercave.com
National Quilt Museum (Paducah, Kentucky)
Everyone, not just quilting and fiber enthusiasts, will enjoy this exploration of the art form. Highlighting quilting styles from antique to contemporary, the museum shows how traditional methods can have today’s meanings. Sculpture and stained glass are also on display. The museum offers extensive educational programming as well. $11 admission.
215 Jefferson Street; quiltmuseum.org
Ogden Museum of Southern Art (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Visiting the Ogden Museum is an experience that will challenge your preconceptions of Southern art. Once a private touring collection, a unique public-private partnership between the museum’s namesake and the University of New Orleans has meant that the Ogden has continued to expand, establishing a permanent home and exhibition space near Lee Circle. $12.50 admission.
University of New Orleans, 925 Camp Street; ogdenmuseum.org
Southern Food and Beverage Museum (New Orleans, Louisiana)
What better way to get a taste of the American South than through its unique culinary traditions? You can trace the European, African, and Caribbean roots of Southern food through exhibits for every state—then visit the adjoining Museum of the American Cocktail. $10 admission.
1504 Oretha Castle Haley Blvd.; sofabinstitute.org/southern-food-and-beverage
American Visionary Art Museum (Baltimore, Maryland)
Jack W. Hoffberger
Unusual for championing nontraditional art, the American Visionary Art Museum features both a permanent collection and changing exhibitions by self-taught and “outsider” artists. Stop here for a celebration of those who march to the beat of their own drum. $15.95 admission.
800 Key Highway; avam.org
Ohr-O’Keefe Museum (Biloxi, Mississippi)
Visitors to the Ohr-O’Keefe Museum are delighted not only by the work of ceramicist George Ohr, but also by the extraordinary architecture of the Frank Gehry-designed campus. Under construction when Hurricane Katrina hit, the resurrected buildings commemorate Ohr’s work, as well as African-American art. It also houses a newly opened center for ceramics. $10 admission.
386 Beach Blvd.; georgeohr.org
American Jazz Museum (Kansas City, Missouri)
The legends of jazz are honored here at the intersection of 18th and Vine. Kansas City was the birthplace of bebop legend Charlie Parker, and home to one of the most innovative styles of jazz. Interactive exhibits and films allow visitors to feel as if they’re experiencing this history, while performances and education programs offer plenty of opportunities to enjoy the music live. $10 admission.
1616 East 18th Street; americanjazzmuseum.org
The Bascom: A Center for the Visual Arts (Highlands, North Carolina)
Jonathan Hillyer
A six-building, 6-acre campus features exhibits, a pottery studio, and a sculpture and nature trail. Workshops are available at all skill levels, and the campus hosts several annual festivals. Free admission to the galleries, selected artist talks, and the outdoor trail.
323 Franklin Road; thebascom.org
American Banjo Museum (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)
Displaying more than 400 banjos of all styles, the American Banjo Museum traces the history of the instrument from its African roots to bluegrass fame. Started in Guthrie, Oklahoma, as the National Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame, the museum is now located in the Bricktown district. $8 admission.
9 East Sheridan Avenue; americanbanjomuseum.com
National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)
Another museum that started as a cowboy hall of fame, the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum has now grown to encompass three distinct approaches to understanding our history: Native America; The West; and The Cowboy. $12.50 admission.
1700 NE. 63rd Street; nationalcowboymuseum.org
Charleston Museum (Charleston, South Carolina)
Permanent exhibits on South Carolina’s Lowcountry, period weaponry, and natural history make this a quintessential part of any Charleston visit. The institution, founded in 1773, is regarded as “America’s First Museum.” $12 admission.
360 Meeting Street; charlestonmuseum.org
Columbia Museum of Art (Columbia, South Carolina)
Once a general museum with a natural history collection, through the seventies and eighties the Columbia Museum of Art narrowed its focus to the fine and decorative arts. With a collection of more than 7,000 objects, from Duncan Phyfe furniture to Dale Chihuly glass, there’s more than enough to keep you engaged. $12 admission.
1515 Main Street; columbiamuseum.org
Museum of Fine Arts (Houston, Texas)
Already a dynamic cultural center in the heart of downtown Houston, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, continues to expand. The campus, which houses two art schools, two main exhibition buildings, and a sculpture garden, will be developed further by 2019. It will expand to 14 acres, and include two new buildings and a conservation center. The museum’s encyclopedic collection holds more than 65,000 works. $15 admission.
1001 Bissonnet; mfah.org
Stax Museum of American Soul Music (Memphis, Tennessee)
Visit the site of Stax Records studio—recording home of Otis Redding, Isaac Hayes, and the great Memphis sound of American soul music—and learn about its dramatic history and legendary artists through exhibits and films. $13 admission.
926 East McLemore Avenue; staxmuseum.com
Frist Center for the Visual Arts (Nashville, Tennessee)
Once a post office, this lush Art Deco building now hosts a wide array of traveling exhibits. There’s always something new because exhibitions change every six to eight weeks, which is why it serves as a major hub for the Nashville art scene. $12 admission.
919 Broadway; fristcenter.org
Harry Ransom Center (Austin, Texas)
One of only two university-affiliated museums included here, the Harry Ransom Center is also a humanities research library. Here you’ll find exhibits featuring rare books (including a particularly fine example of the Gutenberg Bible), author archives, photographs, and film memorabilia (including costumes from Gone with the Wind). Free admission.
The University of Texas at Austin, 300 West 21st Street; hrc.utexas.edu
Chrysler Museum of Art (Norfolk, Virginia)
The Norfolk Museum of Art was renamed after Walter Chrysler, Jr.—generously, the son of the car company founder had donated 10,000 works of art. The Chrysler Museum has an extensive glass collection, as well as a glass studio opened in 2011. Works by Matisse, Pollock, Renoir, and Warhol are found among its collections of ancient, modern, and contemporary art. Free admission.
One Memorial Place; 757/664-6200; chrysler.org
Newseum (Washington, D.C.)
Washington, D.C., has many exciting museums, but only the Newseum houses 15 galleries and 15 theaters all championing the First Amendment. From civil rights to the Berlin Wall to 9/11, the exhibits highlight the power of the press in shaping our understanding of history. $22.95 admission covers two consecutive days.
555 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.; newseum.org
Clay Center (Charleston, West Virginia)
One of the newest arts venues on the list, the Clay Center for the Arts and Sciences of West Virginia opened in 2003. It features galleries and performing arts spaces, as well as science exhibits and a planetarium. The art collection includes pieces by Chuck Close and Viola Frey. For exciting new music, try the Sound Check Sessions. $7.50 admission includes the science and art galleries.
One Clay Square; theclaycenter.org
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Signup – Astro TDD Workshop
GLAST = Fermi, Another Chicago Prof becomes a Space Telescope
Posted By Pamela on Aug 27, 2008 | 5 comments
As you may have heard by now, the Gamma-ray Large Area Synoptic Telescope has been renamed from GLAST to Fermi, as in Enrico Fermi (1938 Nobel Prize Winner). This simple act appears to have brought both the NASA and Sonoma websites to all but a halt, but as of 10:30pm Tuesday, they both still say GLAST. Information clearly moves faster than web designers. This amuses me, but it’s not why I write.
While my heart belongs to Boston, my body currently resides in Illinois, which made me note, “Hey, Fermi’s from Chicago, IL.” This will be noted in class tomorrow.
This reminded me that Chandra X-Ray observatory was named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983 Nobel Prize), another University of Chicago scholar.
(Furthering amusing me is the ’38 and ’83 pair of prizes.)
Historically, Chicago is one of the truly great physics and astronomy departments. Along with the two laureates listed in this post, I know of at least two others who audited one of Chandra’s classes. That’s at least 4 prizes from one university. That’s pretty cool, but there are a few other schools that have more than one Nobel Prize winner. Part of becoming great is recruiting leaders. Neither of these men were natives of America – both were recruited to Chicago. Fermi came from Italy to Chicago (via Columbia University) in 1946 (although he’d been doing his own special part to make the city “hot” by creating nuclear chain reactions beneath Chicago’s stadium far earlier). Chandra joined the faculty of Chicago in 1937, after getting his PhD at Cambridge (UK), and doing his undergrad in his home country of India.
As near as I can tell, no other university has two of its former faculty commemorated with space telescopes.
This is kind of silly and kind of cool.
Chicagoian
I live in Chicago and this post struck home for me, I’m going to high school and I recently received one of those college ads that are sent in the mail to recruit potential students. I’ve received a couple and they’re very appealing.
In the first one I received the postcard boasted that the university of chicago has had more Nobel Prize laureates than any other university, 81, which is very impressive to me.
Actually, Chicago lays claim to names on four space telescopes. Arthur Holly Comptom (Compton Gamma-ray Observatory) was on the UofC faculty from 1923 to 1945 before leaving to become chancellor of your neighbor, Washington U. Edwin Hubble received both his SB (1910) and Ph.D. (1917) from UofC. Hubble was an outstanding athlete. I believe he held the Big Ten high jump record at one time. He was a member of the basketball team that won the four consecutive Big Ten championships (1907-1910). Yes, Chicago was in the Big Ten until 1946. Your alma mater, MSU, took Chicago’s spot. The Big Bertha drum used at you other alma mater was purchsed by Texas from Chicago in 1955. It was a bit contaminated since it was stored under the west stand of Stagg Field not far from Fermi’s pile.
http://www.utexas.edu/friends/fun.php?which=3
I guess it was OK that the Spitzer was named after someone without a Chicago connection (Lyman Spitzer of Princeton). Chandra, Hubble, Compton and Spitzer are the four Great Observatories. Fermi and Webb are the next generation telescopes. I am not thrilled that the Webb is named after a NASA bureaucrat.
Chicago claims 27 Nobel Prizes in Physics – either faculty or alumni. This includes the first ever given to an American in science – Albert Michelson in 1907. Yang and Lee (1957) did not audit a class with Chandra – they took a class with him. It leads to the story of why Chandra drove through a terrible snow storm to get to the class in Hyde Park from Yerkes in Wisconsin – when there were only two students in the class, Yang and Lee. The list is at:
http://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/nobel/
Frank Wilczek, 2004*
Alexei A. Abrikosov, 2003
Masatoshi Koshiba, 2002
Daniel C. Tsui, 1998*
Jerome I. Friedman, 1990*
Jack Steinberger, 1988*
Leon M. Lederman, 1988
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, 1983
James W. Cronin, 1980*‡
J. Robert Schrieffer, 1972
Murray Gell-Mann, 1969
Luis W. Alvarez, 1968*
Hans Albrecht Bethe, 1967
Julian Schwinger, 1965
Eugene P. Wigner, 1963
Maria Goeppert-Mayer, 1963
Owen Chamberlain, 1959*
Chen Ning Yang, 1957*
Tsung-Dao Lee, 1957*
Ernest Orlando Lawrence, 1939*
Enrico Fermi, 1938
Clinton Joseph Davisson, 1937*
Werner Heisenberg, 1932
Arthur Holly Compton, 1927
James Franck, 1925
Robert Andrews Millikan, 1923*
Albert Abraham Michelson, 1907
Jeremy C
Hi Pamela
This is a bit off topic… but why are stadiums used for nuclear experiments? I’m thinking Manhattan project that was under a stadium (I’ll have to G which one) and in this post you mention Fermi “warming things up” with nuke chain reactions under Chicago’s stadium. Is it just because of the sheer amount of concrete to screen things off if things go wrong (or too right depending on your POV)?
Jeremy –
Chicago dropped football in 1939 so the stadium was sitting there unused. Fermi built the pile in the racquet courts under the west stand of Stagg Field simply because it was an available space that met the needs of the experiment. Stagg Field was torn down in 1957. Regenstein Library was built on the site in 1968. Henry Moore’s sculpture, Nuclear Energy, sits near the site of the pile – on the east side of Ellis Avenue next to Regenstein (between 56th and 57th Streets). Regenstein is the big social center for UofC – whose unofficial motto is “where fun comes to die.”
The experiment was moved out of Chicago – and continued in places Oak Ridge, TN, Hanford, WA and Los Alamos – where fewer people live. There was a contamination problem. Much of the waste is buried in a forest preserve west of Chicago. Many of those involved in the experiment (called the Metallurgical Laboratory – which became Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, IL) died young of cancer – including Fermi.
Football came back to Chicago in 1969 – the Maroons are a member of NCAA Division III. They play in the new Stagg Field which is on the northeast corner of Cottage Grove and 56th Street, a couple of blocks from where the old stadium stood.
You should check out the “First Pile” story at:
http://www.atomicarchive.com/historymenu.shtml
Now Streaming: BrainBytes Catch our team on Twitch
Dr Pamela L Gay is an astronomy, technologist, and creative focused on using new media to get people learning and doing science. All ideas and opinions stated on this website are entirely her own unless otherwise stated.
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Football: Injured stalwarts resolve to return, play under Sundram
Fazrul Nawaz (left) and Shahdan Sulaiman hope to link up again with coach V. Sundramoorthy.ST PHOTO: YOGARAJ PANDITURAI
http://str.sg/4GBK
Yogaraj Panditurai
yogarajp@sph.com.sg
Striker Fazrul Nawaz and midfielder Shahdan Sulaiman were overjoyed at the appointment of V. Sundramoorthy as national football caretaker coach in May.
They were first-team regulars for the 50-year-old when he was in charge of S-League club Tampines Rovers, immediately before he took on the Lions job.
In addition to the prospects of working with a familiar figure in the national team, the duo were also champing at the bit to play in the year-end Asean Football Federation (AFF) Suzuki Cup under a local coach for the first time.
They had played for Serbian Raddy Avramovic and German Bernd Stange in previous AFF Cup campaigns.
But both stalwarts suffered serious injuries that cast a shadow over their respective Cup ambitions.
Fazrul will be sidelined for about seven months after tearing his left anterior cruciate ligament last month in an S-League match, an injury that necessitates wearing a knee brace.
The 31-year-old said: "Shahdan and I could have been part of an all-local national squad for the first time in our lives, and it would have been a big thing for us. But this is football and injuries do happen. It's out of our control.
"We know Sundram well and how he expects the team to behave on the field. Playing under him in the AFF Cup would have been a fruitful experience."
Shahdan, who is expected to be out until next month, still has a faint hope of making the team for the biennial tournament, which kicks off in November.
He was injured during a League Cup game in July, a recurrence of a hairline fracture on his right fibula in an AFC Cup tie.
"It's a race against time," said the 28-year-old, who was part of the triumphant AFF Cup team in 2012.
"But as much as I want to come back and play in the AFF Cup, I don't want to rush myself and risk injury again."
"It's very frustrating to keep getting injured in the same leg. To get hit there again is just depressing."
The players' layoff has also cast a cloud over their club careers, as both are on one-year contracts - a common practice in the S-League.
"It's definitely a worry for us because it's something at the back of everybody's mind when signing a contract," Shahdan said.
"An injury affects a lot of factors regarding a contract, like the duration or even the salary. Currently, we should be fine at our clubs but it's something we have to be mindful of."
Nonetheless, Fazrul and Shahdan will not let their injuries dictate their respective futures and remain optimistic about performing at a high level for years to come.
Two-time AFF Cup winner Fazrul said: "We still consider ourselves young and we still have a long way to go. This year will definitely not be the last AFF Cup opportunity for us.
"If we perform on the pitch, keep in shape and dedicate ourselves to club and country, I'm confident we'll still be in contention to play in the next few AFF Cups."
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on September 20, 2016, with the headline 'Injured stalwarts resolve to return, play under Sundram'. Print Edition | Subscribe
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Abramson: How journalists should cover Trump supporters
The news media's collective shock that Donald Trump won in 2016 was evidence of how out of touch most reporters were with the less affluent, less educated, rural parts of the country, where white voter rage galvanized into votes that made him the 45th president. In the days after the election, there was anguished self-examination in many newsrooms and vows to cover the parts of the United States that had been mistakenly overlooked.
But more than two years later, the same question bedevils journalism: Can our tribe cover their tribe?
The president does have his amen corner on right-wing talk radio, Fox News and Breitbart, megaphones that help keep his base rock solid and reticulate his warped version of the facts and truth. But in the rest of the news media, there is little evidence that reporters have fulfilled their pledge to report on and reflect the interests and values of the people who voted for him. There have been some good dispatches from the heartland, but too often what is published amounts to the proverbial "toe touch in Appalachia."
I was powerfully moved by a recent article in The New Yorker about journalism by LBJ biographer Robert Caro. He described how he couldn't really understand President Lyndon Johnson's native Texas Hill Country until he and his wife actually moved there from New York for three years. The locals had a derisive name for the reporters who parachuted in and out: "portable journalists." There are great reporters who defy this description.
The rhythm of the internet has made spending a week reporting a story a rare luxury. But our cocooning on the liberal coasts has intensified because of other factors in the past decade. One is the virtual disappearance of local newspapers, their business models irrevocably broken by the disappearance of print advertising. The Cincinnati Post shuttered in 2007, the Kansas City Kansan two years later — just two of hundreds of local papers in Red America that have merged or closed. Researching my book "Merchants of Truth," I interviewed reporters from The Denver Post and the St. Paul Pioneer Press who were protesting outside Alden Global Capital, the Manhattan vulture firm that had acquired the papers and gutted their newsrooms.
With the possible exception of The Wall Street Journal, the most influential national papers reflect the values of the cities where they are headquartered, New York and Washington. Politico published maps of the ideological clustering of the top newsrooms. In the same article, FiveThirtyEight's Nate Silver pointed out, "As of 2013, only 7 percent of (journalists) identified as Republicans." Does this contribute to groupthink? Sure it does.
The rise of all digital news organizations has actually intensified the clustering. Almost all are in New York, Washington, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle. Some reporters never leave their screens to do on-the-ground reporting. But other outlets, including Vice News, do bring their audience up close to the different and difficult realities of life in rural America.
Reporters who have contracts with MSNBC and CNN sometimes appear on panels, wedged between Democratic partisans and prosecutors who have already judged the president guilty of grave crimes. They blend and create an appearance of bias. It's hard for viewers to keep them straight. Twitter is just an open invitation for politically inflamed hyperbole.
On the whole, enterprise reporting on President Donald Trump has been excellent. To cover him, reporters need to be smart about politics, policy and international affairs, but also students of criminal law and procedure. It's a harder job than it's ever been. Think how much less we would know about special counsel Robert Mueller's probe into Russian meddling in 2016 without the deep investigations published by The New York Times and The Washington Post.
The president is a master at media manipulation, a talent gained on "The Apprentice." So determined to dominate each news cycle, he seamlessly abandons his preference for "Fox & Friends" to give occasional interviews, such as the one he did Thursday with The Times, to the very places he has criticized in more than 1,000 tweets, including using the term "fake news" hundreds of times.
Although editors have pledged to dial back the reactive coverage that revolves around the president's words and tweets, they remain addicted. After all, they are swimming in Trump-generated revenue, clicks and ratings. "I remain astonished by the ability of this former reality TV star to be our assignment editor," bemoaned Kyle Pope, editor of the Columbia Journalism Review.
One way out of the reactive cycle is to report the story from the places where the pro-Trump and Trump-curious live, to cover the facts and truths of their lives. The Caro approach offers a way forward for news organizations to find contributors from, or place correspondents in, the communities that support the president, to soak up the sense and sensibility of undercovered America. That way, we mix with the other tribe. The 2020 campaign, already upon us, offers a great opportunity to fulfill the pledge we made after the last election.
Abramson is a journalist and author of the new book "Merchants of Truth."
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8件中 1 ～ 8
October Facility Visit
One student from Kaichi Senior High School
On October 10, the student visited us as part of the educational activity, “Metropolitan District Fieldwork”, a Kaichi High School research activity. The student toured the Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation, focusing on World Heritage as the subject of study “World Heritage”. The person in charge of the facility provided explanations and answered questions.
42nd Public Lecture: “The Dynamics of Interaction between Objects and People
Presentation of Professor Aoki Shigeru
(on the 2nd day)
On October 8 and 9, 2008, a public lecture was held in the basement seminar room of the Institute. Both presentations on the first day were related to the topic of the search for the origin of Buddhist art: Katsuki Gen’ichiro of the Department of Research Programming spoke on “the search for the origin of Hāritī (the protector of children),” and Nakagawara Ikuko of the Nagoya University on “the donors depicted in the cave temples of Kucha region and their religion.” On the following day, Tanaka Atsushi of the Department of Research Programming gave a lecture on “artists in photographs, with focus on Kuroda Seiki” in which he considered a artist’s creations and lives based on photographs. Aoki Shigeru of Bunsei University of Art spoke about “the year 10 of the Meiji era: the Seinan War and the Map of Ueno Park” in which he traced the course of the history of Ueno based on the Ueno Park Survey Map, a copperplate engraving.
The number of attendees was 150 on the first day and 127 on the second day. Responses to questionnaires showed that the presentations were well received.
Study of the Original (6) – Exhibit of Fukuda Miran’s Lakeside
Exhibit of Fukuda Miran’s Lakeside in Kuroda Memorial Hall
As mentioned in the monthly report of last July, October 9 we started to exhibit the “Lakeside” painted (in 1993) by Fukuda Miran, a contemporary artist, in Tokyo National Museum’s Kuroda Memorial Hall. This exhibition was in conjunction with the international symposium, Capturing the Original: Archives for Cultural Properties that will be held on December 6 – 8. This exhibit will continue until December 25. This event, entitled Lakeside Versus Lakeside, exhibits the work Fukuda Miran created based on Lakeside, the representative work Kuroda Seiki, a western painter in Meiji era, along with the original, which is in the permanent exhibition in Kuroda Memorial Hall. Fukuda Miran – a spirited contemporary artist – creates works using the fine arts of all ages and cultures as base materials, and is known for his creative activities that shake up the original images. Fukuda’s Lakeside extends the background of Kuroda’s Lakeside for painting, possibly upsetting the image of the celebrated picture that is so familiar in schoolbooks and stamps. It also prompts viewers to look at the original work from a new angle. Visitors looked puzzled, but nevertheless seemed to enjoy the contrast of Kuroda’s Lakeside and Fukuda’s Lakeside, which are exhibited facing each other across the hallway.
On October 8, we held an internal workshop at the Department of Research Programming with an eye toward the international symposium with the presentation of Mr. Morishita Masaaki, a visiting researcher of the Institute. In the presentation Issues Surrounding Art Museums and Originals: Contemporary Art, Mr. Morishita introduced activities which surpass the artwork concept of objects produced by traditional artists, mainly focusing on contemporary art in England. It highlighted one issue of contemporary museums: how those activities are to be conveyed.
While the works tend to be abstracted, we are deeply interested in the activities of the International Network for the Conservation of Contemporary Art (INCCA), which attempts to showcase the contemporary scene, particularly by recording interviews with writers and others as contemporary models for conserving works of art.
Research at the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of Korea
Based on the agreement for research exchange between Japan and Korea on the conservation of intangible cultural heritage, which was signed last June with the Folkloric Studies Division of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of Korea, Hyoki Satoru of the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage researched visual documents of intangible cultural heritage in South Korea for two weeks in October 2008. The purpose was to investigate the current condition of such visual documents and apply the results of this research to the management and utilization of similar documents in Japan. In South Korea, the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage actively creates visual documents of intangible cultural heritage and manages them in cooperation with various organizations including the National Archives of Korea and the Korean Film Archive. There are many points to be learned from this organizational management system. For example, the active use of visual documents made by the Institute in television broadcasting was quite impressive. The Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage is now creating a database of locations of visual documents on Japanese intangible cultural heritage and would like to consider sharing information with Korea.
Seminar on the maintenance of outdoor wooden cultural properties
The October 6 seminar
On October 6, 2008, the Center for Conservation Science and Restoration Techniques held a seminar as part of its research on controlling bio-deterioration of cultural heritage. The topic of the seminar, which was attended by 79 persons, was the maintenance of outdoor wooden cultural properties and issues for the future. Mr. Kanda Masaaki of the Nara Prefecture Board of Education spoke on the recent issues of biological damage in managing structures, such as temples and shrines, and carved wooden statues. Dr. Fujii Yoshihisa, a visiting researcher of the Institute from Kyoto University, accurately pointed out issues concerning deterioration diagnosis and maintenance systems for cultural property buildings. Ms. Honda Mitsuko of the Kyushu National Museum spoke on what should be done when exhibiting cultural properties outdoors and when storing them in museums. Dr. Kawakami Nobuyuki, an architect, gave a talk on the current condition and issues concerning the maintenance and management of restored buildings dating to the Yayoi period, using the Yoshinogari site as an example. This was followed by an in-depth discussion. There are numerous issues to be dealt with in conserving outdoor wooden cultural properties and specific measures will be studied in the project.
（2008.10 / KIGAWA Rika)
Finishing training dispatch to Dunhuang
Practicing backing a paper book (Ms. Kurahashi)
Practicing restoring mural (Ms. Sato)
Ms. Sato Kyoko, currently finishing a master’s course in conservation science at Tokyo Gakugei University’s Graduate School, and Ms. Kurahashi Emi, currently finishing a master’s course in Japanese-style painting at Tsukuba University’s Graduate School, went to the Dunhuang Academy on June 1, finished their training, and returned to Japan on October 19 without incident. The two trainees stayed in the hotel at Mogao Grottoes, and with the full cooperation of Dunhuang Academy, they received detailed training concerning the protection of cultural properties, the restoration of murals – on-site survey, analysis and research, practical conservation processes, and mural structure reproduction and copy – as well as a lecture on management and operation of Mogao Grottoes, a world heritage site. In terms of research topics, Ms. Sato performed analysis and comparative study on red coloring matter used for the murals, and Ms. Kurahashi analyzed the restoration copy for scientific study. Their studies gained high marks from the researchers of the Dunhuang Academy at the final presentations. The encounter and interaction with colleagues of the same generation at the Dunhuang Academy will likely have a great influence on their future, along with the valuable experiences they had at the local site. This training will be held for two more years.
Completion of the training for earthen structures conservation group, a part of the program for capacity development along the Silk Road in China
Site of restoring graves in Guazhou county of Gansu Province
Work to reinforce adobe bricks
The training for the third year of the earthen structures conservation group in the project for capacity development along the Silk Road was jointly conducted with the National Institute of Cultural Properties of China at Guazhou, Gansu province for 2 months from September 1, 2008. A completion ceremony was held on October 31 to mark the end of a training that took place for a total of 7 months over 3 years.
Earthen structures include buildings above ground built by piling mud bricks and sites unearthed during archeological excavations. In Japan there are many examples of archeological sites that have been conserved but, since there are few buildings above ground made of dried earth alone, Japan lacks experience in the conservation of such buildings. These sites that remain in various locations along the Silk Road from West Asia to China are like landmarks of the movement of the culture of the west to Japan, on the east end of the Silk Road. For this reason, it is significant in terms of cooperation to foster human resources to protect these sites. Until now, Japanese specialists have continued to cooperate in conservation activities in Iran and other countries in Central Asia. In this particular training, conservation techniques were applied to the earthen gate pillars of graves built in the Gobi Desert of Guazhou some 2,000 years ago. The 12 trainees freely used the concepts and theories they learned through their training during the past 29 months to consider the most appropriate method for the conservation of the site based on on-site investigation and observation. They also conducted the actual conservation work. In addition, they compiled a report that summarizes their three-year training. It is hoped that they will return to their respective areas and engage in conservation of earthen structures as local leaders.
Preservation of the Buddhist Monastery of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan
Potsherd with seal impressions bearing the image of a seated figure
The Japan Center for International Cooperation in Conservation has been participating in the UNESCO/Japanese Funds-in-Trust project, “Preservation of the Buddhist Monastery of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan” since 2006. As this is the last year of the project, the excavated objects were sorted and the acquired data were analyzed in view of the publication of a report at the National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan from October 2 to 23, 2008. Most of the excavated objects are fragments of pottery and mud bricks from the 7th to 8th centuries when people inhabited the Ajina Tepa site. In this mission, a piece of the rim of a large jar on which stamp seals had been impressed was found among these objects. There are two seal impressions, one large and the other small. At the center of the large round seal is an image of a seated figure; to its right, as viewed from the image, is a water pot, while to its left is an object that looks like a staff. Although many fragments of large jars have been discovered from the Ajina Tepa site, this is the only piece with such seal impressions. Had the seals been impressed on large jars used for a special purpose? This was a fascinating finding.
（2008.10 / ARIMURA Makoto, OKADA Ken)
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Dimitri Nicolau
"I do not say: I am a composer, but I work as a composer."
Composer, stage director, conductor, musicologist and professor Dimitri Nicolau was born in Keratea, Greece in 1946 and became a naturalized citizen of Italy. He now resides and works in Rome. Besides his musical studies in Greece and in France he has conducted research in the vast field of popular music with a particular focus on the Mediterranean and Balkans.
In 1967 his opposition to the regime of the Greek colonels enabled him to receive political asylum from Italy. As a graduate of cinematography in the Experimental Center of Cinematography in Rome (C.S.C.) he has practiced this profession for some years without interrupting his composition work. He has frequented the Faculty of Modern Letters at the Rome University. Fundamental for his artistic development is the relationship with the theory and Collective Analysis of Massimo Fagioli. He has dedicated many years to education as a teacher of stage song and vocal theatrical techniques and as a composer of original music at the Institute of Ancient Drama (INDA) of Syracuse, the Theatrical Academy of Calabria, the Theater Calabria, to name a few.
Starting in 1959, when he began to compose and perform his compositions publicly, his catalogue today comprises more than 270 compositions including 3 operas, 5 symphonies for large orchestras, numerous concerts for soloist and orchestra, many works for plucked string orchestras, soloist and ensembles, works for chamber ensemble, many works for voice, two cantatas for soloist, choir, actors and large orchestra and ballet music. Furthermore, he has composed soundtracks for cinema, television and radio, music and songs for children and over 100 scores for the prose theater; from 1996 to 2001 he collaborated with the theatrical company "La Bottega del Pane".
His music exploits with the touch of a master each instrument's (or voice's) potential, often employing most unusual tone and playing techniques. Many of his works show an intense theatrical quality. His works have been performed at many musical centers and festivals throughout Europe, North Africa, the US, Canada, Japan and Italy.
The composer died on March, 29th 2008, Creta, Greece.
"The most original element of popular music is the one that is least seen: receiving the vital lymph, the secret, and letting it live in me, without vivisecting it, without enveloping it with rationality. The changeability and the asymmetry caused by long passages of phrases, phrase rhythm, a rhythmic melody, a melody rhythm. Stravinsky bends the rhythm of music, but rhythm must obey the articulation of the melodic line and its curve ..." Dimitri Nicolau
http://www.dimitrinicolau.it
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My Clerkenwell
On a Crusade
What’s the difference between the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller? A new EC1-published book by TV historian Dan Jones prompts us to ask... Local expert Tom Foakes explains.
While cameos in films such as Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and video games such as Assassin’s Creed lend an element of contemporary drama to the narrative of the Knights Templar, even in their own time, their antics were the stuff of a modern thriller. Their story involves exotic locations, high finance, plotting royals and bloodthirsty battle, and that is why they have held an enduring position in history.
It all began in the Holy Land 900 years ago. Jerusalem has long been a city of religious importance for many faiths, with sites of significance for Jews, Christians and Muslims. As a place of pilgrimage, it attracted travellers from across the medieval world. However, towards the end of the 11th century, religious tensions made such journeys increasingly difficult, leading to the declaration of the first Crusade by Pope Urban II, the intention of which was to claim Jerusalem as a Christian stronghold.
Against this backdrop of conflict, two organisations came to prominence in the defence of Christendom: the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller. Both were monastic brotherhoods and both had a military role in defending Christian interests against Islam. That said, there were distinct differences between them – not least in their clothing. The Templars wore white habits bearing red crosses, while the Hospitallers wore black with white crosses.
The Knights Hospitaller, or the Order of St John as they were also known, was established in around 1080 and its members had a primary mission to care for sick pilgrims, regardless of their faith. As their name suggests, the Knights founded a hospital in Jerusalem, known for its exemplary medical care. The arduous journey that many pilgrims completed before reaching Jerusalem meant that this caring role addressed a vital social need. When their military role declined with the end of the Crusades, their humanitarian mission endured; the Order still exists and has a role as the governing body of St John Ambulance.
Today, the Order’s headquarters are in Clerkenwell where St John’s Gate, now home to the Museum of the Order of St John, marks the historic entrance to the original London home of the Knights Hospitaller. Laid out in cobbles in the paving slabs of St John’s Square is a large circle that shows the original footprint of the Knights’ first Church and beneath the street remains its 12th Century crypt, consecrated in 1185.
In contrast to the Hospitallers, the Templars, established a little later in around 1119 as the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple, fulfilled a financial role alongside their religious and military ones. Although they lasted only 200 years, they amassed great wealth and forged a pan- European network of property (somewhat belying their founding name). In 1312, following various charges that included heresy and blasphemy, the Knights Templar were dissolved as a religious order by the Pope and pursued by Philip IV of France, who held grievances against them and most likely considered them a threat to his power. And so they fell, with a reputation for greed, secrecy and wrongdoing.
Following the demise of the Knights Templar, many of its properties passed to the Knights Hospitaller, forging a further link between the two monastic orders and adding significantly to the Hospitallers’ wealth. Pushed out of the Middle East in combat, the Hospitallers moved to Cyprus, then eventually to Rhodes and Malta. The eight- pointed cross, now often referred to as the "Maltese Cross", was taken as their symbol wherever they travelled. Today, it is the logo of St John Ambulance and known throughout the world as a symbol of first aid. Such is the legacy of Clerkenwell’s crusaders.
Tom Foakes is director of the Museum of the Order of St John at St John’s Gate. Visit it to find out more about the knights. www.museumstjohn.org.uk
“The Templars: The Rise and Fall of God’s Holy Warriors” by Dan Jones is published by Head of Zeus. Also, look out for the new 10-part TV series “Knightfall” on the History Channel
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Is it safe and legal to smoke an e-cigarette with kids in the car?
Driving Concerns
JASON TCHIR
Published March 1, 2016 Updated May 16, 2018
I vape in my truck. Sometimes I have my grandchildren along. Is it safe to vape around them? And will I get a ticket for vaping with kids in the truck? — Donna
At least so far, there's no solid evidence that the mist from electronic cigarettes is dangerous to bystanders - including kids along with you in the car, says researcher Igor Burstyn.
"If you have a kid in your car and they're feeling sick, what do you do first? You stop the car, you get out of the car and maybe you stop vaping and see whether the kid feels better," says Burstyn, an associate professor of environmental and occupational health at the Dornsife School of Public Health at Drexel University in Philadelphia. "But to compare it to smoking is utterly ridiculous — it's like saying that if you have a nerf gun, then you might as well use real bullets because a gun is a gun."
The Oxford English Dictionary added the word vaping last year - along with sexting, crowdfunding and photobombing. Because electronic cigarettes don't contain tobacco and don't emit smoke, when you use them, you vape.
An atomizer heats the juice in the flavour cartridge - water, chemical flavours like Macaron De Paris, Waikiki Watermelon and Oatmeal cookie, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin - and turns it into vapour.
Unlike cigarettes which produce smoke the whole time they're lit, e-cigarettes only produce vapour when inhaled.
So far, Health Canada has not regulated e-cigarettes.
"Health Canada is still hiding under their desks on this one," says University of Ottawa law professor David Sweanor. "They have no regulations in place - no system of disclosures or approvals."
Under the Food and Drug Act, any product containing nicotine has to be approved by Health Canada before it can be imported, advertised or sold. Because Health Canada hasn't approved any e-juice containing nicotine, it's not allowed to be sold here.
"Nicotine is still available — you can get it over the Internet," says Scott McDonald, CEO of the B.C. Lung Association.
Illegal to smoke with kids in the car?
In May, Quebec will be the final province to make it illegal to smoke with kids in cars, says Cynthia Callard, executive director of Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada. Right now, it's illegal to smoke in cars with kids under 16 in B.C., Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. In Alberta and the Yukon, that age is 18. In Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island it's 19.
While the dangers of second-hand smoke are well known, one in 10 Canadian kids is still exposed to second-hand smoke in cars on a daily basis, Callard says.
But what about vaping with kids in cars?
Vaping in cars with anyone under the age of 19 is banned in Nova Scotia.
In the last year, Manitoba and Ontario have proposed making it illegal to vape with kids in vehicles. So far, those plans have been delayed.
"In the coming months, we will move to restrict where e-cigarettes can be used," says Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term care in an e-mail statement. "As always, we welcome continued input from all stakeholders as we work together to help protect Ontario's youth from the dangers of tobacco and the potential harms of e-cigarettes."
What's in the vapour?
Studies have found e-cigarette vapour increases indoor air pollution.
Others have found carcinogens including formaldehyde. Another recent Harvard study tested 51 brands of e-juice and found diacetyl in 47 of them. That chemical had been found in artificial butter flavouring and caused an irreversible lung disease - "popcorn lung" - in workers.
Until there's more conclusive research on the safety of second-hand vaping, it's a good idea not to vape in a vehicle if you have kids with you, says the BC Lung Association.
"With vaping, it's not really known what the contents are — potentially, people are mixing in it up in their garage or in a basement somewhere in China," says the Lung Association's McDonald. "There's very little disclosure of the vaping liquid and when it is disclosed, it's usually just a long list of chemically-sounding names."
The Lung Association believes people should inhale nothing except "fresh, clean air," McDonald says.
Burstyn, who wrote a 2014 paper looking at whether contaminants in e-cigarette vapour exceeded workplace exposure standards, says "we have a pretty good idea what's in e-cigarettes."
"There are patents and there have been thousands of analyses," he says. "These are all known chemicals - some like formaldehyde have been studied for years."
The levels in e-cig vapour all meet workplace safety limits, Burstyn says.
"If you're working in a factory and there are these levels in the air, you would not be worried," Burstyn says. "You and I are inhaling formaldehyde right now as we speak - it does not mean these levels are harmful."
There's no evidence that vaping is "100 per cent safe" and there is evidence that the vapour can cause problems for people with pre-existing health conditions, Burstyn says.
But, it's replacing smoking, which is a known killer, he says.
"It's nothing like smoking tobacco - it gives that nicotine hit and flavour without the harm and risk of cigarettes," he says. "I don't smoke, I don't vape - I just look at the numbers and see that it reduces smoking and has no discernible harm to bystanders."
And, in most Canadian cities, you're breathing in a lot more than clean, fresh air anyway.
"I don't think e-cigs are adding very much to the risk caused by air pollution," he says.
Have a driving question? Send it to globedrive@globeandmail.com. Canada's a big place, so please let us know where you are so we can find the answer for your city and province.
How much marijuana can I have and still be safe to drive?
Is there any reason not to wave when somebody lets me in?
Why the car thermometer isn't affected by engine heat or wind
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The War is Dead, Long Live the War: Bosnia – The Reckoning by Ed Vulliamy – review
Ed Vulliamy's intelligent analysis of the Bosnian war and its aftermath does not linger on the horror but tries to explain it
John Simpson
Sat 21 Apr 2012 19.05 EDT First published on Sat 21 Apr 2012 19.05 EDT
A Muslim woman hurries past graffiti warning of snipers in 'Sniper Alley' in 1995, during the siege of Sarajevo. Photograph: Tom Stoddart/Getty Images
The wars that followed the collapse of the Yugoslav Federation were the ugliest and most shaming event in our recent history. Margaret Thatcher was much derided for saying she was shocked that such things could happen in today's Europe, but you can see what she meant: not that Europe was inherently superior to today's Africa or Asia (though of course she may have believed it was), but that we thought Europe had progressed beyond barbarism.
But some parts of it hadn't. Here are two random incidents from the Bosnian war. In the first, eight prisoners were discovered inside a ceramic drain, four feet in diameter. The ends of the drain were plugged up, and they were kept in the dark and filth for weeks. Food was thrown in to them once a day, and the prisoners had to scrabble for it in their own faeces. Against the odds, they survived. In the second incident, five prisoners were forced at gunpoint to run through a minefield. They were linked together with barbed wire, which had been painstakingly threaded through their tongues. All five were killed.
Ed Vulliamy is an engaging, passionate, highly intelligent correspondent who works for this newspaper and for the Guardian. Having written one of the most haunting books on the fighting in Bosnia, Seasons in Hell, he understands that readers can't take too much of this kind of detail. He quotes Edgar Allan Poe: "Now and then, alas, the conscience of man takes up a burthen so heavy… that it can be thrown down only into the grave."
The story of Omarska and Trnopolje, two of the concentration camps where the Bosnian Serbs kept their prisoners, constitutes this kind of burden. In August 1992 Vulliamy, together with Penny Marshall of ITN, Ian Williams of Channel 4 and their teams, managed to reach these camps, and their reporting on them was a key moment in the world's understanding of the conflict.
In The War Is Dead, Long Live the War, Vulliamy has tried not to load down his readers with horrors. He wants to explain why these things happened, and to take us on from them. He explains in detail the circumstances that led to the Bosnian war and the policy of ethnic cleansing, to the setting up of camps such as Omarska and Trnopolje, and to the massacre at Srebrenica; but his main concern is with the fallout – moral, physical, emotional, juridical – and he follows the afterlives of a variety of people who were there. Inevitably there are details and stories that his readers will not thank him for including; some of these will indeed lie heavily on the mind.
Vulliamy is, as I say, a passionate man, and this is a book of great passion. For those journalists who took it up, the Bosnian cause, like La Causa of the Spanish civil war, became all-encompassing. Among the press corps in Sarajevo there were many who believed it was their clear duty to persuade public opinion that Nato should intervene in the war. Others simply found it hard to understand. At the time, an American correspondent showed me a message from his foreign editor instructing him in future to concentrate only on "the Serbs" and "the Muslims", and omit any reference to "the Croats"; American audiences, apparently, couldn't cope with a war that had three sides. So both the Croats of Croatia and the Bosnian Croats were airbrushed out of much of the US television reporting.
Airbrushing became commonplace in other ways. Many writers and politicians, particularly in the US, saw the plight of the European Jews of the 1930s and 40s reflected in the ethnic cleansing of Muslims and the existence of the concentration camps; they were unfazed by the support of Iran for the increasingly Islamist government of President Izetbegovic, and chose not to notice that all sorts of extremists were becoming drawn to Bosnia. In the scale of things, they were probably right not to worry about it, yet it was a strange choice all the same.
Trying to present a balanced view of things, and not simply act as a claque for the Muslim government, was difficult. The Muslims, though undoubtedly better than the Serbs and Croats, were not entirely innocent themselves. In the incident of the eight men kept in the ceramic drain, which I mentioned earlier, the guards were Muslims and the prisoners Serbs. The story was largely ignored by the Sarajevo press corps.
At key moments in the diplomatic battle, the Muslim defenders would station mortars near hospitals and old people's homes and fire them off at the Bosnian Serb positions on the surrounding hills, in the certainty that the Serbs would retaliate enthusiastically. The resulting pictures would be shown on US television, and would create the anticipated outrage. But in that Manichaean atmosphere, even referring to such things brought accusations that you were soft on the Serbs.
None of this compared with the overwhelming evil of Omarska, Trnopolje and Srebrenica, or the siege of Sarajevo itself. Vulliamy's account of what happened in the camps is completely unanswerable; and I'm sorry now that I supported the small post-Marxist magazine Living Marxism when it was sued by ITN for questioning its reporting of the camps. It seemed to me at the time that big, well-funded organisations should not put small magazines out of business; but it's clear that there were much bigger questions involved.
Few people – journalists, politicians, soldiers – came out of the Bosnian war with much credit. Western generals supped with the bloodthirsty Mladic, western politicians did deals with the dangerous dreamer Karadzic, a lot of the reporting was either partial or not incisive enough. Vulliamy blames the rottenness of the British system, a notion he repeats rather often. For example, he attacks the former foreign secretary Douglas Hurd, who had handled the Serbs with kid gloves while in office, for doing business deals with them once he had left. Personally, I think the basic reason for the widespread feebleness in dealing with the Serbian monsters lay elsewhere. Moderately decent people are out of their depth when they come face to face with the unquestionably wicked, and rarely react with the necessary toughness. 1992 was a repeat of 1938. We failed yet again to learn from history.
John Simpson is the BBC's world affairs editor
Srebrenica massacre
Ratko Mladić
Radovan Karadzic
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Illustrator Sarah McIntyre calls for co-author credits
Top authors back campaign for front covers of children’s books to include artist’s name
Tue 21 Jul 2015 02.30 EDT Last modified on Thu 22 Feb 2018 07.58 EST
Children’s illustrator Sarah McIntyre is calling for co-author credits. Photograph: Murdo Macleod
Where would We’re Going on a Bear Hunt be without Helen Oxenbury’s illustrations of the children’s search, or the Meg and Mog books without Jan Pienkowski’s images of the witch and her cat, or The Gruffalo without Axel Scheffler’s depiction of the monster? But illustrators are not getting the credit they deserve, according to the Carnegie-nominated Sarah McIntyre, who today announced that she would not be buying any new illustrated children’s books unless the front cover includes the artist’s name along with the writer’s.
Co-authors Philip Reeve and Sarah McIntyre share the limelight at the Edinburgh International Book festival. Photograph: Murdo Macleod
McIntyre, who writes and illustrates her own books as well as collaborating on titles with writers including Giles Andreae and Philip Reeve, launched her Pictures Mean Business campaign last year, when Oliver and the Seawigs, written by Reeve and illustrated by McIntyre, was nominated for the Carnegie medal award. The prize listing, however, named only writer, not artist.
She has since successfully campaigned for illustrators to be named alongside writers for the award, and for illustrators’ names to be included in industry sales charts. She has also garnered support from major writers and illustrators, including former children’s laureate Malorie Blackman, current children’s laureate Chris Riddell, Joanne Harris, Audrey Niffenegger, Holly Smale, Philip Ardagh and Axel Scheffler. Reeve, her co-author, was the first to support her.
“I think Sarah’s campaign makes sense in many ways,” he said. “Our books are joint efforts - we come up with the story and ideas together - so I was perplexed when I found that they are still sometimes presented as my books, simply because I wrote the words. But even in more traditional illustrated books, where the artist may be asked to interpret a text which has already been written, the words and pictures work together to tell the story better than words could alone. If that were not the case, why would publishers bother commissioning illustrations?”
But the problem still continues – on her blog McIntyre points to a writer not bothering to name the illustrator whose cover he was raving about, and another dismissing the time an illustrator needed to work on her book with the comment “he has a really sketchy style and he can just knock them out in no time” – and today she called on readers to join her in her stand and stop buying illustrated children’s books that fail to include the illustrator’s name on the front cover.
“We’re still hitting major hitches: writers, publishers, journalists and reviewers whom you’d think would support crediting illustrators – some of who’ve even heard of the campaign and expressed interest – keep letting us down. Writers and publicists launch new cover art with no mention of the illustrator. Illustrators of highly illustrated books are left off the cover. Articles show lavish book art without mentioning who created it, the list goes on,” she wrote on her blog today.
Oliver and the Seawigs by Philip Reeve and Sarah McIntyre – review
“Publishers: if you don’t think the fact a book is illustrated adds any value to a book, or that making people aware of this draws in potential customers, don’t bother spending the money to get your book illustrated. And then watch as the illustrated books soar ahead of your books in sales and those other books draw in the so-called reluctant readers, gladdening the hearts of parents and teachers”.
She added that in the children’s books world, “everyone can coast on a wave of niceness, never addressing the major issues that have illustrators flailing while often maintaining their rictus grins”.
“I want to do something that’s not exactly nice,” she wrote. “But maybe taking a stand will bring attention to the problem.”
McIntyre told the Guardian: “I’d like to see more publishers of highly illustrated fiction (sometimes called ‘chapter’ books) put the name of the illustrator on the front cover of the book, along with the writer. Both creators are authors, in that both create the story, in words and pictures.”
For a year, she said, to enable publishers to make changes, she will “make an exception for a book that has a dust jacket printed with the illustrator’s name on it, or if the bookseller sticks a post-it note on the front cover with that information.”
She added that she was “keen to stress it’s not an ego issue”, instead that “it’s about the importance of branding, name recognition, and supporting illustrators as they try to keep working in their profession.”
“It’s not easy to make money in this field and we need visible recognition to survive,” she said.
Reeve agreed that, having started out as an illustrator himself, “I know how much more time-consuming it is than writing. You can do a surprising amount of writing in your head while you’re walking the dog or doing the housework, but you can’t do any drawing that way. Illustrators work amazingly hard, contribute huge amounts to books, and deserve to be treated as true partners in the creative process, not simply as hired hands.”
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Books The Life of Brian Screenplay
The Life of Brian Screenplay
When The Life of Brian was first released in 1979 it was hailed by most as Monty Python's finest parody and denounced by a few as the most blasphemous film of all time. But, with it's infinitely quotable script and unforgettable song, 'Always Look on the Bright Side of Life', it has gone on to become an enduring cult classic.
Quantity: The Life of Brian Screenplay quantity
SKU: 1024 Categories: Books, Monty Python, Monty Python
When The Life of Brian was first released in 1979 it was hailed by most as Monty Python’s finest parody and denounced by a few as the most blasphemous film of all time. But, with it’s infinitely quotable script and unforgettable song, ‘Always Look on the Bright Side of Life’, it has gone on to become an enduring cult classic.
‘Bad taste of this order is rare but not yet dead…It is the foulest spoken biblical epic ever made, as well as the best humoured – a non-stop orgy of assaults, not on anyone’s virtue, but on the funny bone.’ New York Times
I have never come across such a foul, disgusting, blasphemous film before…I’d be overjoyed to see this film sent back to where it was produced…hell.’ Rabbi Abaraham hecht
Deliriously tasteless…Pontius Pilate cannot pronounce his r’s, and his boyfriend Biggus Dickus has a distinct lisp…It is much more a satire on Hollywood religious films than on religion itself.’ Guardian
‘It is now the obligation of all persons of cultivation to recognise contemptuous, anti-religious sentiment of this sort and to separate themselves from it personally as a matter of principle.’ The Roman Archdioceses of New York
‘Much more fun than reading the Bible.’ James Behan, Cricklewood
‘Hurray for blasphemy’ New Statesmen
EAN\ISBN-13
Monty Python’s Flying Circus, Just The Words – Volume 1
Michael Palin, Terry Jones, Terr...
Monty Python and The Meaning of Life
The Pythons’ Autobiography By The Pythons
Bob McCabe, Eric Idle, Graham Ch...
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Coming Soon: Regular Software Updates For Your Car
November 2, 2016 Katie Stathulis
Just like your smartphone, your car may soon be able to get regular software updates to fix problems, improve performance, and to add new features. According to The Detroit Free Press, by 2022, more than 200 million vehicles around the world will be able to get over-the-air software updates according to ABI Research, a company which studies technology trends.
Nearly one-third of the defects that lead to recalls might be fixed with an over-the-air software update, resolving problems without having to make a trip to the dealership, which saves the car owner money, while also saving automakers up to $6 billion a year. “Streaming updates to cars is going to be a big play for the auto industry,” said Scott Frank, marketing vice president of Airbiquity, a Seattle-based company specializing in connected-car services. “It’s central to a lot of new things we’re working on. Phones and TVs are already updateable. Your car will be, too.”
The number of features that could possibly be affected are suprising. According to The Detroit Free Press, the first steps will include connecting to the cloud for entertainment and security functions, but Frank says nearly every aspect of how vehicles operate will be affected. Many updates that now require a trip to the dealer for a software flash, like the addition of Apple CarPlay in a car that was originally sold without it, will be handled by beaming new software to the vehicle. Software-only recalls, which would be the perfect candidates for streaming updates, affected 3.3 million vehicles in the U.S. last year. That’s nearly 5 times the number of vehicles that were affected in 2014, which is a trend that is likely to continue as vehicles add more software and electronics. Updates will include fixes, new security to keep up with would-be hackers, and adding new features.
“Adding features and improving performance post-purchase is a game-changer for the industry,” Frank said. Potential examples include new transmission programming to increase fuel economy, updated navigation information, and new infotainment apps."
The service will also make new levels of service and repairs possible. A good example would be how to deal with going over a nail or something sharp in the road. This of course would be seen as a negative inconvenience to any driver, but Frank sees an opportunity to build customer loyalty. “First, the car sends a warning message that you’re losing tire pressure,” he said. “The car could look for nearby service dealers and centers, download coupons, make an appointment and tell you that service is waiting for you 20 minutes down the road. The car is made intelligent by the data and analytics we can offer through the cloud. It improves your experience as an owner.” Frank says that vehicles capable of all these functions should be available by 2020.
These software updates could help prevent many accidents by fixing issues and bugs that could prevent your vehicle from not working properly. However, just as software can be updated, it can also malfunction or be hacked. Have you or anyone you know has been injured in a car accident due to faulty car software? If so, call The Michigan Law Firm today. Our attorneys are highly experienced in dealing with all types of motor vehicle accidents. Call us today, at 844.4MI.FIRM, for a free consultation.
Car Accident Attorneys | Injury Lawsuits
844.464.3476. Injured in a Michigan car accident? We handle personal injury lawsuits throughout Michigan. We offer free consultations.
Tags Smart Cars, Apple Car Play, Car Software Updates, Airbiquity
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“I don’t think I’ve ever been a part of a freshman coming in and playing like C.J. Wilcox did in the second half,” he said. “… Unless he comes in and he’s one of these heralded All-American guys that’s one and done, you rarely see a freshman put a team on his back like he did in the second half.”
Early on, Wilcox was just another offensively bumbling Husky, contributing two misses to the team’s 7-of-33 first-half shooting.
“I was 0-for-2, but you know, the coaches kept harping on me to make open shots,” Wilcox said. “Luckily, they started falling.”
That they did.
Over the next 20 minutes, Wilcox hit seven of eight shots, including four of five 3-pointers. He also drained all six free throws, rarely touching iron.
“It was good to see the ball go in the rim,” he said. “After you’re missing, your confidence kind of drops. But as soon as you see the ball go in you kind of feel like you can make 10 in a row. That’s how it was.”
Wilcox allowed UW to stay with and finally pass the Bruins, who led as late as the final five minutes.UW leading scorer Isaiah Thomas didn’t score until the final four minutes. Second-leading scorer, Matthew Bryan-Amaning, managed seven points; and No. 3 scorer Justin Holiday had five.
However, Thomas rallied for nine points down the stretch, and Romar was quick to point out that the other players contributed in other ways.
“Justin Holiday is 1-for-8, but you look at the other side: Tyler Honeycutt is 0-for-6,” Romar said. “Justin Holiday gets six rebounds and passes for five assists, so he still had an impact on that game in terms of winning. Matthew Bryan-Amaning wasn’t able to convert a lot of times, but he pulled down 13 rebounds and while he was in there battled big Josh Smith, which isn’t easy at all. Venoy Overton was his old self and really, really did a good job of helping us win this game.”
Romar also credited the quiet contributions of Scott Suggs, who returned after missing three games with a knee injury.
Jerime Anderson matched Wilcox trey-for-trey for a portion of the second half and led the Bruins with 16 points. Josh Smith of Kent had a game-high 16 rebounds and added 12 points.
“Our defense played was really good tonight, with the exception of Wilcox,” UCLA coach Ben Howland said. “… I liked our heart, our character, and the way we played tonight. I think Washington is a very good team that could really do some damage in the NCAA tournament.”
More reaction from players and coaches:
ROMAROn how tonight was different than the loss to WSU on Sunday night) The first half, I thought, was exactly like Sunday, with the exception of the fact that we took a little better care of the basketball. But, in the second half, it was completely different from Sunday because, like I said at the outset, we maintained our focus defensively.JUSTIN HOLIDAYOn C.J. Wilcox’s scoring in the second half)Oh it was real big for us. I think the main key for us winning this game was how we defended, though. It was good that we had C.J. step up and get us points because that was our problem, but it all started on the defensive end. If we didn’t defend we would have lost this game, similar to what happened against Washington State. This game was different in that we got stops both halves and C.J. stepped up for us. C.J. stepping up was big.
On how UCLA was different the second time playing them) They seemed a little more patient. They went inside way more than they did last time. They tried to use Josh [Smith] a lot more and used Reeves [Nelson] a lot more inside, but then Jerime [Anderson] stepped up on the outside and knocked down shots. I thought they’re guard play was a little better this time around.
On guarding Tyler Honeycutt) I was making sure that I was staying in the vicinity when he had the ball. I didn’t get lost this time, except for once when he got that backdoor and the foul. Last time I got lost a couple times on the screens and stuff so I made sure that I stayed near and understood what was going to happen and tried to be there every time he got the ball and put pressure on him—make him have to make a tough shot and I think most of his shots were tough.
VENOY OVERTON On what caused the inspired defensive effort) Probably just watching ESPN a lot, just not knowing if we’re in the tournament or not. It’s our last year, and you don’t want to go out not in the tournament or playing in some other kind of tournament, so after that Washington State game everybody talked and we went back to our last year mode—stop talking about it and go out there and do it. That’s basically how set the tone by just playing defense.
WILCOXOn feelings coming into this game) We just felt like our backs were against the wall. We had to come out here, and get it rolling because we can’t lose. We want to win out, and that’s what we’re trying to do.
On poor shot selection) Yeah it’s been something that’s happened lately. We’ve taken a lot of contested threes and coaches have been saying to take good ones. Unless we’re open we try to keep the ball moving and get an open shot.
On the difference in UCLA) I didn’t get to play in that game but they’re playing better now. They’re one of the best teams in the Pac-10 so we had to come in focused and play well.
UCLA coach BEN HOWLANDGeneral Comments) "It was a disappointing loss. We had a great opportunity to come on the road and win in a tough environment. Our defense played was really good tonight with the exception of [CJ] Wilcox. If I’m not mistaken Wilcox had 24 points in the second half. We had a one point lead going into the half and we missed a shot then he came down and got them going. With a player like him your job is to make him bounce the ball. You play close enough so he cannot bring the ball up to shoot. He hit some big shots. I thought Malcolm [Lee] played great defense against Isaiah today. I liked our heart, our character, and the way we played tonight. I think Washington is a very good team that could really do some damage in the NCAA tournament.
On Joshua Smith of Kent) I thought that Josh had a great stat line tonight with 16 rebounds. I thought Josh had a great post move near the end of the game. I thought Josh played one of his best games. I was really proud of him for playing so well.
Not putting Malcolm Lee on Wilcox) That was another problem for us. Malcolm kept cramping up and that was a big turning point. Losing Malcolm for those minutes was a real problem for us.
On dealing with rocking Hec Ed) Some of it, but it is March now. We have been in some tough environments and this is one of the toughest in our conference. Not having any timeouts really hurt our ability to regain our composure.
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‘Origami Organs’ Can Potentially Regenerate Tissues
News Aug 09, 2017 | Original story from Northwestern University
Northwestern Medicine scientists and engineers have invented a range of bioactive “tissue papers” made of materials derived from organs that are thin and flexible enough to even fold into an origami bird. The new biomaterials can potentially be used to support natural hormone production in young cancer patients and aid wound healing.
The tissue papers are made from structural proteins excreted by cells that give organs their form and structure. The proteins are combined with a polymer to make the material pliable.
In the study, individual types of tissue papers were made from ovarian, uterine, kidney, liver, muscle or heart proteins obtained by processing pig and cow organs. Each tissue paper had specific cellular properties of the organ from which it was made.
“This new class of biomaterials has potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as well as drug discovery and therapeutics,” corresponding author Ramille Shah said. “It’s versatile and surgically friendly.”
Shah is an assistant professor of surgery at the Feinberg School of Medicine and an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at McCormick School of Engineering. She also is a member of the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology.
For wound healing, Shah thinks the tissue paper could provide support and the cell signaling needed to help regenerate tissue to prevent scarring and accelerate healing.
The tissue papers are made from natural organs or tissues. The cells are removed, leaving the natural structural proteins – known as the extracellular matrix – that then are dried into a powder and processed into the tissue papers. Each type of paper contains residual biochemicals and protein architecture from its original organ that can stimulate cells to behave in a certain way.
In the lab of reproductive scientist Teresa Woodruff, the tissue paper made from a bovine ovary was used to grow ovarian follicles when they were cultured in vitro. The follicles (eggs and hormone-producing cells) grown on the tissue paper produced hormones necessary for proper function and maturation.
“This could provide another option to restore normal hormone function to young cancer patients who often lose their hormone function as a result of chemotherapy and radiation,” Woodruff, a study coauthor, said.
A strip of the ovarian paper with the follicles could be implanted under the arm to restore hormone production for cancer patients or even women in menopause.
Woodruff is the director of the Oncofertility Consortium and the Thomas J. Watkins Memorial Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Feinberg.
In addition, the tissue paper made from various organs separately supported the growth of adult human stem cells. Scientists placed human bone marrow stem cells on the tissue paper, and all the stem cells attached and multiplied over four weeks.
"That’s a good sign that the paper supports human stem cell growth,” said first author Adam Jakus, who developed the tissue papers. “It’s an indicator that once we start using tissue paper in animal models it will be biocompatible.”
The tissue papers feel and behave much like standard office paper when they are dry, Jakus said. Jakus simply stacks them in a refrigerator or a freezer. He even playfully folded them into an origami bird.
“Even when wet, the tissue papers maintain their mechanical properties and can be rolled, folded, cut and sutured to tissue,” he said.
Jakus was a Hartwell postdoctoral fellow in Shah’s lab for the study and is now chief technology officer and cofounder of the startup company Dimension Inx, LLC, which was also cofounded by Shah. The company will develop, produce and sell 3-D printable materials primarily for medical applications. The Intellectual Property is owned by Northwestern University and will be licensed to Dimension Inx.
An Accidental Spill Sparked Invention
An accidental spill of 3-D printing ink in Shah’s lab by Jakus sparked the invention of the tissue paper. Jakus was attempting to make a 3-D printable ovary ink similar to the other 3-D printable materials he previously developed to repair and regenerate bone, muscle and nerve tissue. When he went to wipe up the spill, the ovary ink had already formed a dry sheet.
“When I tried to pick it up, it felt strong,” Jakus said. “I knew right then I could make large amounts of bioactive materials from other organs. The light bulb went on in my head. I could do this with other organs.”
“It is really amazing that meat and animal by-products like a kidney, liver, heart and uterus can be transformed into paper-like biomaterials that can potentially regenerate and restore function to tissues and organs,” Jakus said. “I’ll never look at a steak or pork tenderloin the same way again.”
Monica Laronda, who was a postdoctoral fellow in Woodruff’s lab during the study, also is a coauthor. She is now an assistant professor of pediatrics at Feinberg and a researcher at the Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. Laronda and Woodruff also are members of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University.
The research was supported by grant P50 HD076188-02 from the Center for Reproductive Health After Disease of the National Centers for Translational Research in Reproduction and Infertility, Google and the Hartwell Foundation.
This article has been republished from materials provided by Northwestern University. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Jakus, A. E., Laronda, M. M., Rashedi, A. S., Robinson, C. M., Lee, C., Jordan, S. W., . . . Shah, R. N. (2017). “Tissue Papers” from Organ-Specific Decellularized Extracellular Matrices. Advanced Functional Materials, 1700992. doi:10.1002/adfm.201700992
Many babies with eczema go on to develop food allergies, asthma and hay fever, and researchers say it’s not a coincidence. The cracks caused by eczema weaken the skin barrier, allowing allergens to penetrate the skin and cause a sequence of allergic diseases.
Future of Food: This Genetically Engineered Salmon May Hit U.S. Markets as Early as 2020
“Semi-synthetic” Bacteria Churn Out Proteins Containing Unnatural Amino Acids
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Robbin Chapman, SM ’99, PhD ’06
AI grad now guides inclusion at Wellesley College.
by Catherine Caruso, SM ’16
Courtesy of Robbin Chapman, SM ’99, PhD ’06
When Robbin Chapman arrived at MIT as a graduate student, she felt starstruck by the well-known computer scientists in her department. But during the next 16 years on campus, the Institute became not only her school but her workplace, her community, and her family.
“The things I like to talk about, the way I like to think, the excitement I get about whatever I’m working on, all of that—everybody else is doing that too,” she says of the MIT community.
As a master’s candidate in the artificial-intelligence lab, Chapman developed algorithms to interpret sign language. She also volunteered at the Computer Clubhouse, the Media Lab’s after-school technology center where students, ranging from 10 to 18 years old, worked on design and engineering projects. As a PhD student with MIT’s Lifelong Kindergarten Group, she built a computer program that helped those students explain how they think through and design projects. “I’ve always been very interested in how humans learn,” she says.
As a resident of New House, which is composed of four cultural houses, Chapman developed programs to encourage cross-cultural communication. She then began tackling diversity and inclusion at MIT as a whole. While working for the School of Architecture and Planning, she set up a monthly diversity roundtable and helped increase enrollment of graduate students of color and those from low-income backgrounds. With the MIT provost’s office, she helped organize a career workshop for minority faculty.
Now, as the associate provost and academic director of diversity and inclusion at Wellesley College, Chapman is pursuing similar goals. Under her guidance, Wellesley recently partnered with the Posse Foundation, which identifies and supports talented high schoolers who might be overlooked in college admissions, to bring a diverse group of students from the Houston area into the Class of 2021. Under a new evaluation process, faculty articulate how they will include diverse reading materials and use culturally responsible teaching methods. In recognition of her contributions, MIT created the Dr. Robbin Chapman Excellence through Adversity Award for Institute seniors.
Education needs to be more than job preparation, says Chapman, who was recently honored as a distinguished lecturer by Sigma Xi, the science and engineering honor society. “You can’t just come and take your academics and graduate. You have to know how to be in the world and how to be constructive.”
Catherine Caruso, SM ’16
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How gamers are leading a revival for the desktop PC
By Ben Stinson 2013-09-17T10:30:00.259Z PC
Limitations of mobile OS send serious users looking for more
Gamers still love a good PC, especially if they can add a glowing mouse to it
If you believe much of the mainstream media, and the recent figures from IDC, then PCs are a thing of the past. If you understand how these sources are defining the term "PC" then you are certainly less confused by these statistics than we are. As we understand it, a PC is generally a desktop computer, and very likely includes laptop computers.
If you took the phrase "personal computer" literally, though, you could easily include smartphones and tablets in the mix. But it's these devices that we're now assured are going to take over the world and make desktop and laptop computers obsolete.
Sure, if all you do is vegetate on a sofa reading Facebook or Buzzfeed all day, then you probably have no real place or use for a fully-fledged computer.
If, however, you're one of the ever increasing legions of content creators - be it a writer, animator, digital artist or YouTube unboxing genius - then the likelihood is that you would struggle to fulfil your potential within the limitations of mobile operating systems.
PC gaming snobs
"The PC gaming fraternity that wouldn't be seen dead getting their kicks from devices capable of running Candy Crush"
Primarily, though, there's also an ever-increasing PC gaming fraternity that wouldn't be seen dead getting their full-time gaming kicks from the poor man's alternative that is the console, or even worse - devices capable of running Candy Crush.
What the creators and the gamers have in common is that they're not particularly well served by pre-built computers. Yes, when it comes to laptops there's little choice other than to buy a pre-built machine from one of the well-known manufacturers. But when considering a desktop PC, it's more likely that you'll find a custom-built behemoth taking pride of place instead of an off the shelf machine from Dell or the like.
An August report from Jon Peddie Research (JPR) suggested that despite overall PC sales being on the decline, PC components are on the up, and that's largely thanks to the gamers.
"PC gamers continue to buy and build with a fervency that could be compared to motorcycle, 4 x 4 and sports car enthusiasts, always looking for more speed, power, utility, and handling," the report says.
It seems that for PC gamers the "that'll do" attitude of those purchasing tablets in their droves just doesn't quite cut it when it comes to desktop computers. These enthusiasts want the latest components and the fastest computers, both for self satisfaction and also to provide bragging rights over other PC gamers.
For many it's a hobby (or an obsession or a passion) that doesn't stop at their latest game of choice running at high settings, and that in itself is the driving force behind the continued expansion of the build-it-yourself market.
"A major component of this situation is that many games are placing increasing demands on the CPU. The result is that swapping out the graphics add-in board is not enough this time around, and gamers are building (and ordering) overclocked PCs from the ground up," JPR says.
Consoles helping PCs
Another major supporter over the coming years that isn't highlighted by JPR is the next generation of games consoles that are due to launch later this year.
This may sound a little backwards, and on the surface you'd think that a new range of games consoles from Microsoft and Sony would likely drive PC sales down even further, but unlike the previous generation of consoles, both the Xbox One and PS4 are based on AMD architecture that is almost identical to their APU units that are proving very popular with lower-budget PC gaming builds.
With this in mind, it's very likely to make things easier for game developers to ensure that PC games are what everything is based on. Over the last few years, the biggest thing harming the PC gaming industry was that a lot of new games were nothing more than half-hearted ports of console versions. This hurt mainstream PC gaming, though it was also probably responsible for the astronomical rise in indie gaming on PCs.
Now that developers will all be working on x86-based platforms, no matter whether they're developing primarily for PC or console, it will put PC gaming back at the forefront of developers' minds. With this renewed focus, developers will want to show off the pinnacle of graphical possibilities - and despite the hugely powerful new console contenders, that means leading on PC.
News of Jason Holtman joining Microsoft has made PC gaming's future feel assured. Having spent years at Valve turning Steam in to the default download choice for PC gamers, Holtman has been poached by Microsoft, where it's reported that he'll be doing all that's possible to ensure Windows continues to thrive as a relevant gaming platform.
So, the PC market isn't dying. It's evolving into a DIY market where customisation, top specification and rivalry between PC gamers is flourishing.
What else is changing in games? We checked out the state of the indie developers
See more PC news
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KCL Big Question
Matt Drudge: world's most powerful journalist
Matt Drudge is arguably the single most powerful journalist in the world
Drudge is very much an outsider amongst political journalists
By Toby Harnden in Washington
12:01AM GMT 28 Feb 2008
Ten years ago, he was a reclusive, pasty-faced 31-year-old who, bashing away on his laptop in his grungy Hollywood apartment, shot to prominence when he threatened to bring down Bill Clinton's presidency by breaking news of the Monica Lewinsky scandal.
Prince Harry is fighting the Taliban in Afghanistan
The Drudge Report breaks the Prince Harry story
Matt Drudge unrepentant about Harry report
Now, Matt Drudge owns a luxurious Mediterranean-style stucco house on Rivo Alto Island in Florida's Biscayne Bay, a condominium at the Four Seasons in Miami and is said to drive a black Mustang. He remains an elusive, mysterious figure but the internet pioneer is arguably the single most powerful journalist – though his detractors even deny that is his occupation - in the world.
Drudge is still an outsider, contemptuous of the cosy relationships and closed-door deals that keep the ordinary person from being privy to the secrets of the Establishment. He is the reason why people across the globe are now reading about Prince Harry serving in Afghanistan after he shattered a blackout agreed between Fleet Street and Buckingham Palace.
Prince Harry fighting in Afghanistan
Australian magazine broke Prince Harry news blackout
This week, he posted a photograph of Barack Obama dressed in the tribal garb of a Somali elder during a 2006 trip to Africa, claiming it had been emailed by a member of Hillary Clinton's campaign. It appeared to be a brazen attempt to fuel rumours that her rival was a dangerous Muslim.
Within minutes, the photograph was the talk of Washington news rooms and New York television studios. BlackBerry messages flew back and forth between reporters and political operatives. The story spread across the worldwide web as bloggers weighed in on a juicy item that was suddenly topping the news agenda.
Welcome to the world of the Drudge Report. A world in which the successor to Walter Cronkite and Bob Woodward is a loner with no university education or journalistic background. He is now surreptitiously courted by the media and political elites that once derided him but now fear he has the power to change the course of an American election.
The Lewinsky scandal and the 2008 presidential campaign are the bookends to what could be described as the Drudge decade. At the start, he was the antagonist who came from nowhere – Bill Clinton initially fumbled the site's name, calling it the Sludge Report. By the end, he had become Hillary Clinton's weapon of choice against Mr Obama.
Just as he revealed details of Bill Clinton's tawdry affair with Miss Lewinsky while "Newsweek" editors agonised over whether to publish the story, Drudge posted the news of Prince Harry's front-line service against the Taliban on-line without regard to any niceties. Within an hour, Buckingham Palace had lifted the embargo and Prince Harry was the lead item on CNN.
It all seems a long way from Matthew Nathan Drudge's days as a gifted but directionless schoolboy growing up in the Washington DC suburb of Takoma Park, Maryland.
Your view: Should Prince Harry be on the front line?
Prince Harry's bravery in Afghanistan saluted
Timeline: Prince Harry's path to war
The son of divorced parents who lived with his mother, he would, he said later, wander past ABC News headquarters and "daydream" of being on the inside, "stare up at the Washington Post newsroom over on 15th Street, look up longingly, knowing I'd never get in".
After stints at a 7-Eleven store and at McDonald's, odd jobs as a telemarketer and New York grocery store assistant, he gravitated to Los Angeles in 1989, attracted by the intersection between media and celebrity that was to become the rich seam he mined to achieve his success.
He worked as a runner on the game show "The Price is Right" before landing a job at the gift shop at CBS Studios – a window into Hollywood – and rising to become its manager.
By 1994, his father Bob, a former therapist and social worker, was worried that the self-described "aimless teen" was becoming a directionless adult. He gave him a Packard-Bell computer in the hope that it might spur him on to achieve more.
The following year, Drudge the elder founded refdesk.com, a site that describes itself as indexing "quality, credible and timely resources that are free and family-friendly" and which Colin Powell, the former US Secretary of State, uses as his home page.
Drudge the younger chose a different path. He threw his energies into producing an email newsletter filled with snippets of gossip and rambling steam-of-consciousness opinion. By 1996, he was focusing more on politics, charging an annual $10 fee to his subscribers – which grew from 1,000 to 85,000 between 1995 and 1997.
Today, the Drudge Report attracts more than 600 million visits a month. With an old-fashioned typeface, Drudge primarily links to stories, though he still breaks news using his trademark flashing siren over a banner headline.
Leader: Prince Harry - a proud soldier
In pictures: Prince Harry in Afghanistan
Allan Mallinson: Prince Harry can look every soldier in the eye
So much internet traffic can be directed to an item linked to by Drudge that unprepared websites have been known to collapse under the strain.
For politicians, the effect is akin to a needle injecting information into the media bloodstream. A positive story can give a shot of adrenaline to a flagging campaign. More commonly, negative information can be like a dose of poison being administered.
It has been Republicans who have most assiduously courted Drudge, a conservative populist who passionately opposes abortion and despises taxes. Research directors of the Republican National Committee have made pilgrimages to Miami to pay homage to Drudge.
A 2005 dinner at the fashionable Miami steakhouse Forge in which Tim Griffin, the outgoing RNC research director, introduced his successor Matt Rhoades to Drudge is already the stuff of political lore. Rhoades went on to become communications supremo to Mitt Romney, whose opponents in the 2008 presidential race noted frequently that negative stories about them appeared regularly on Drudge.
American reporters from the mainstream outlets that often dismiss Drudge as a salacious rumour-monger often tip him off about their exclusives or even the stories their editors will not run.
One of the biggest surprises of the 2008 campaign has been the connection between the Drudge Report and the Clinton campaign, who has reportedly used the former Democratic party official Tracy Sefl as an emissary.
But the attempt to woo the man who came close to being her husband's nemesis appears to have backfired. "The Clinton campaign has clearly had an ability to move negative stuff about Edwards and Obama in a way that we did not have," said Joe Trippi, chief strategists to John Edwards, who recently dropped out of the 2008 race.
"They tried to take some of the tactics that had worked against them and use them for their own gain just when people were getting sick of the kind of politics that's about what's the next bucket of blood that's going to be dumped on Drudge."
Drudge revels in his notoriety, the opaqueness of his methods and his ability to cause trouble. The story about the Obama photograph led to widespread condemnation of the Clinton campaign – prompting some to wonder whether it had been deliberately placed to discredit her.
Alongside his Prince Harry story, Drudge had proudly highlighted the verdict from the veteran Left-winger Jon Snow of Channel 4 News: "I never thought I'd find myself saying thank God for Drudge."
Major News »
The Drudge Report website
In World News
Great bolts of lightning
A pelican feeding frenzy
Ultra Orthodox Jewish wedding
Migrants return to camp
The Kazakh eagle hunters
Migrants cross Macedonia border
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The Bartlett School of Architecture
The Bartlett
Survey of London
Read Survey of London volumes online
Current area of study: Oxford Street
Current area of study: Whitechapel
Current area of study: South-West Marylebone
South-East Marylebone
The Charterhouse
The Survey of London provides essential reading for anyone wishing to find out about the capital’s built environment.
In its 120-year history the Survey of London has explored a wide variety of London districts, from Soho, Mayfair and Covent Garden in the West End to Woolwich, Highgate and Norwood in the inner suburbs. Since 2008 the Survey of London has been published by Yale University Press.
In 2013, we became a part of The Bartlett, continuing our research and producing the detailed architectural and topographical studies we have been publishing for more than 100 years.
What the Survey of London has covered
Each Survey of London volume covers a single parish or part of a parish. Our focus is central London and its inner suburbs, the area administered (before 1965) by the London County Council. Each book explores the topographical and architectural evolution of an area, giving a description of its buildings (including many which have been demolished), explaining how they came into being, and outlining their significance and historical associations.
The text, based to a large degree on original documentary and field research, is profusely illustrated with a mixture of archive views, new photography and drawings, including maps, measured plans and elevations.
Survey of London volumes are listed on our map and online versions of all but the most recent publications on Battersea and South-East Marylebone are available from British History Online. Woolwich is available to read and download from this website.
A separate series of monographs deals with individual sites and buildings of particular note. All are online apart from the most recent, The Charterhouse.
The scope and detail of individual volumes vary greatly. Earlier volumes are highly selective and include very few buildings erected after c.1800. Southern Lambeth (Vol. 26, published 1956), was the first Survey volume to investigate the nineteenth-century suburban development which accounts for much of modern London.
The publication of Northern Kensington in 1973 marked a shift towards an increasingly contextual and inclusive approach, dealing particularly with the processes of speculative building development and examining the changing social and economic character of each area. Today, the Survey aims to deal with buildings of all types, and all dates down to the most recent.
For a list of Survey of London volumes and to access online versions of our work, please click here.
Visit the Survey of London blog
Tweets by @SurveyofLondon
Recording the Fabric of Great Cities
Recording the Fabric of Great Cities is a report of a two-day meeting concerned with the documentation of architectural histories in major European and North American cities. Published in The London Journal, the report sets out the main discussions — the tradition of record-making as inventory, the changing role of the state, academic engagements and intersections, public networks, and changing methods.
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What a difference the UFT makes
Members who taught elsewhere share their stories
By Dorothy Callaci, Joe LoVerde, Cara Metz, Rachel Nobel and Suzanne Popadin
Rachel Maller
Former charter school teacher
In 2012, when I accepted a position at a charter school, I signed a whole bunch of things, including a piece of paper that said, “In our school, everyone is an administrator and everyone is a custodian.” I thought it was a euphemism for “We all help each other out,” but it turned out that they took it quite literally.
Maureen Finn
Taught out of state
There, my lesson plans were due at noon on Saturday. You eat lunch with your students and go to recess with them. There were supposed to be daily preps, but they were taken away with meetings and there was nothing you could do about that.
Seung Lee
I have been a New York City public school teacher for 15 years, but early in my career I taught for two years at a charter school in Manhattan. At that charter school, I didn’t negotiate my employment contract. I just signed it.
Larissa Clark
Growing up in Oklahoma, you tend to only hear about unions in a negative light. So when I made a career change six years ago and became a teacher in New York City, I wasn’t sure how I felt about the UFT.
Danny Campbell
We weren’t given the time or support to attend to all the responsibilities of teaching like grading, bulletin boards and reaching out to parents. We had preps, but those were used for data meetings and things like that.
Susan Gunderson
Former private school teacher
I worked for eight years as a speech and language pathologist in a private school in Westchester County that made up the rules as it went along.
Related Topics: Charter Schools
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Tag: Passover 2014
The Science Behind the “Blood Moon Tetrad” and Why Lunar Eclipses Don’t Mean the End of the World
By now, you may have already heard the latest tale of gloom and doom surrounding the upcoming series of lunar eclipses.
This latest “End of the World of the Week” comes to us in what’s being termed as a “Blood Moon,” and it’s an internet meme that’s elicited enough questions from friends, family and random people on Twitter that it merits addressing from an astronomical perspective.
Like the hysteria surrounding the supposed Mayan prophecy back in 2012 and Comet ISON last year, the purveyors of Blood Moon lunacy offer a pretty mixed and often contradictory bag when it comes down to actually what will occur.
But just like during the Mayan apocalypse nonsense, you didn’t have to tally up just how many Piktuns are in a Baktun to smell a rat. December 21st 2012 came and went, the galactic core roughly aligned with the solstice — just like it does every year — and the end of the world types slithered back into their holes to look for something else produce more dubious YouTube videos about.
Here’s the gist of what’s got some folks wound up about the upcoming cycle of eclipses. The April 15th total lunar eclipse is the first in series of four total eclipses spanning back-to-back years, known as a tetrad. There are eight tetrads in the 21st century: if you observed the set total lunar eclipses back in 2003 and 2004, you saw the first tetrad of the 21st century.
The eclipses in this particular tetrad, however, coincide with the Full Moon marking Passover on April 15th and April 4th and the Jewish observance of Sukkot on October 8th and September 28th. Many then go on to cite the cryptic biblical verse from Revelation 6:12, which states;
“I watched as he opened the sixth seal. There was a great earthquake. The Sun turned black like sackcloth made of goat hair. The whole Moon turned blood red.”
Whoa, some scary allegory, indeed… but does this mean the end of the world is nigh?
I wouldn’t charge that credit card through the roof just yet.
First off, looking at the eclipse tetrads for the 21st century, we see that they’re not really all that rare:
21st century eclipse tetrads:
Eclipse #1 Eclipse #2 Eclipse #3 Eclipse #4
May 16th, 2003 November 9th, 2003 May 4th , 2004 October 28th, 2004
April 15th, 2014*+ October 8th, 2014 April 4th, 2015*+ September 28th, 2015
April 25th, 2032 October 18th, 2032 April 14th, 2033*+ October 8th, 2033
March 25th, 2043* September 19th, 2043 March 13th, 2044 September 7th, 2044
May 6th, 2050 October 30th, 2050 April 26th, 2051 October 19th, 2051
April 4th, 2061*+ September 29th, 2061 March 25th, 2062* September 18th, 2062
March 4th, 2072 August 28th, 2072 February 22nd, 2073 August 17th, 2073
March 15th, 2090 September 8th, 2090 March 5th, 2091 August 29th, 2091
*Paschal Full Moon
+Eclipse coincides with Passover
Furthermore, Passover is always marked by a Full Moon, and a lunar eclipse always coincides with a Full Moon by definition, meaning it cannot occur at any other phase. The Jewish calendar is a luni-solar based calendar that attempts to mark the passage of astronomical time via the apparent course that the Sun and the Moon tracks through the sky. The Muslim calendar is an example of a strictly lunar calendar, and our western Gregorian calendar is an example of a straight up solar one. The Full Moon marking Passover often, though not always, coincides with the Paschal Moon heralding Easter. And for that matter, Passover actually starts at sunset the evening prior in 2014 on April 14th. Easter is reckoned as the Sunday after the Full Moon falling after March 21st which is the date the Catholic Church fixes as the vernal equinox, though in this current decade, it falls on March 20th. Easter can therefore fall anywhere from March 22nd to April 25th, and in 2014 falls on the late-ish side, on April 20th.
To achieve synchrony, the Jewish calendar must add what’s known as embolismic or intercalculary months (a second month of Adar) every few years, which in fact it did just last month. Eclipses happen, and sometimes they occur on Passover. It’s rare that they pop up on tetrad cycles, yes, but it’s at best a mathematical curiosity that is a result of our attempt to keep our various calendrical systems in sync with the heavens. It’s interesting to check out the tally of total eclipses versus tetrads over a two millennium span:
Century Number of Total Lunar Eclipses Number of Tetrads Century Number of Total Lunar Eclipses Number of Tetrads
Note that over a five millennium span from 1999 BC to 3000 AD, the max number of eclipse tetrads that any century can have is 8, which occurs this century and last happened in the 9th century AD.
Of course, the visual appearance of a “Blood of the Moon” that’s possibly alluded to in Revelation is a real phenomena that you can see next week from North and South America as the Moon enters into the dark umbra or core of the shadow of the Earth. But this occurs during every total lunar eclipse, and the redness of the Moon is simply due to the scattering of sunlight through the Earth’s atmosphere. Incidentally, this redness can vary considerably due to the amount of dust, ash, and particulate aerosols aloft in the Earth’s atmosphere, resulting in anything from a bright cherry red eclipse during totality to an eclipsed Moon almost disappearing from view altogether… but it’s well understood by science and not at all supernatural.
The changing colors of a lunar eclipse: a mosaic of four eclipses. Photos by author.
Curiously, the Revelation passage could be read to mean a total solar eclipse as well, though both can never happen on the same day. Lunar and solar eclipses occur in pairs two weeks apart at Full and New Moon phases when the nodes of the Moon’s ecliptic crossing comes into alignment with the Sun — known as a syzygy, an ultimate triple word score in Scrabble, by the way — and this eclipse season sees a non-central annular eclipse following the April 15th eclipse on April 29th.
And yes, earthquakes, wars, disease, relationship breakups and lost car keys are on tap to occur in 2014 and 2015… just like during any other year. Lunar eclipses marked the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the World Series victory of the Red Sox in 2004, but they’re far from rare. We humans love to see patterns, and sometimes this habit works against us, making us see them where none exists. This is simply a case of the gambler’s fallacy, counting the hits at the cost of the misses. We could just as easily make a case that the upcoming eclipse tetrad of April 15th, October 8th, April 4th and September 28th marks US Tax Day, Croatian Independence Day, The Feast of Benedict of the Moor & — Michael Scott take note — International World Rabies Day… perhaps the final 2015 eclipse should be known as a “Rabies Moon?”
So, what’s the harm in believing in a little gloom and doom? The harm in believing the world ends tomorrow comes when we fail to plan for still being here the day after. The harm comes when something like the Heavens Gate mass suicide goes down. We are indeed linked to the universe, but not in the mundane and trivial way that astrologers and doomsdayers would have you believe. Science shows us where we came from and where we might be headed. We’ve already fielded queries from folks asking if it’s safe (!) to stare at the Blood Moon during the eclipse, and the answer is yes… don’t give in to superstition and miss out on this spectacular show of nature because of some internet nonsense.
The upcoming lunar eclipse next week won’t mean the end of the world for anyone, except, perhaps, NASA’s LADEE spacecraft… be sure not to miss it!
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1 October 1809-2 November 1810
BUY Cloth · 647 pp. · 6.13 × 9.25 · ISBN 9780813913452 · $95.00 · Sep 1992
Edited by J.C.A. Stagg, Jeane Kerr Cross, and Susan Holbrook Perdue
The thirteen months between October 1809 and September 1910 were dominated by foreign policy problems as Madison labored to protect American neutral rights from the aggressions of France and Great Britain. The published papers record the president's difficulties in negotiating with the British diplomat Francis James Jackson as well as his struggle to persuade Congress to persevere with policies of economic coercion against the European belligerents.
Equally important was Madison's response to changes in Spanish America, and the editorial annotation of the documents here casts new light on his decision to annex parts of Spanish West Florida to the United States in October 1810.
The volume also illuminates the range of Madison's executive activities on the domestic front—from dealing with Congress to supervising the construction of the public buildings in Washington, D.C., and conducting diplomacy with increasingly restless Indians on the frontier.
Of considerable interest, too, is the material on Madison's relationships with his cabinet colleagues, particularly his controversial secretary of state, Robert Smith.
These papers show a president constantly involved in the daily business of government, and they will enable scholars to develop fresh perspectives on the growth of the executive branch.
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Former Stormy Daniels lawyer Michael Avenatti pleads not guilty in embezzlement case
The former Stormy Daniels attorney faces a 36-count indictment in California, and more charges on the East Coast
Former Stormy Daniels lawyer Michael Avenatti pleads not guilty in embezzlement case The former Stormy Daniels attorney faces a 36-count indictment in California, and more charges on the East Coast Check out this story on USATODAY.com: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/04/29/avenatti-pleads-not-guilty-in-embezzlement-case/3619425002/
Chris Woodyard, USA TODAY Published 4:27 p.m. ET April 29, 2019 | Updated 4:43 p.m. ET April 29, 2019
Federal prosecutors brought 36 new criminal charges against embattled lawyer Michael Avenatti. USA TODAY
SANTA ANA, Calif. — Michael Avenatti, the attorney who rose to instant fame representing Stormy Daniels against President Donald Trump, pleaded not guilty Monday to embezzlement and other charges.
Initially accused of a taking $1 million from a single client, the enhanced indictment unsealed earlier this month broadened the charges to include diverting settlements from five clients to pay for his own expenses. Federal prosecutors allege Avenatti was using the money to finance a high-flying, luxury lifestyle.
He is "a man who allegedly failed to meet his obligations to the government, stole from his clients and used ill-gotten gains to support his racing team, the ownership of Tully's coffee shops and a private jet," said Ryan Korner, the acting head of the Los Angeles Internal Revenue Service said in a statement when the enhanced charges were released.
U.S. Magistrate Judge John Early appointed a federal public defender to represent Avenatti as he seeks new counsel, but she barely spoke a word on his behalf. Instead, Avenatti took the podium and said in a slow, clear voice, "not guilty to all charges." He waived reading of the indictment.
In this April 1, 2019 file photo, attorney Michael Avenatti arrives at federal court in Santa Ana, Calif. (Photo: Jae C. Hong, AP)
On Monday, Justice Department lawyers were mute as Avenatti, dressed in a blue suit and sitting among defendants in jail smocks, made his appearance. Unlike the past when he faced a battery of media microphones outside the courtroom to proclaim his innocence, he left without speaking.
Early ordered Avenatti to appear June 25 for a trial expected to last 15 days.
More: Fallon reveals Stormy Daniels' response to Trump's summit walkout
Avenatti became a legal celebrity in the past year representing adult film star Daniels, whose real name is Stephanie Clifford, who alleged that she had an affair with Trump and had received a payment to keep quiet about it. With his combative rhetoric, Avenatti briefly entertained the notion of a run for the Democratic presidential nomination. Daniels has said Avenatti no longer represents her.
While facing the 36-count indictment in Santa Ana in Southern California's Orange County, Avenatti is separately facing charges that he tried to extort up to $25 million from shoemaker Nike. He also denies those charges.
Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/04/29/avenatti-pleads-not-guilty-in-embezzlement-case/3619425002/
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Wendy Woodsby
Campus Life Center, Suite 108
Wendy completed her B.A. and M.Ed at Converse College in Spartanburg, SC. After graduating, she taught Special Education courses at the high school level for 8 years. She left the public school system to work at Coastal Carolina University as the Disability Coordinator. While there, she also served as the 504 Coordinator as well as teaching First Year Experience courses. In her spare time, Wendy likes to read, travel, and go to concerts.
Kathleen A. Miller, Ph.D.
Assistant Director of Disability Services
Kathy completed her M.A. and Ph.D. programs in American Studies at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. A native of Savannah, Georgia, she grew up in Alexandria, Virginia and attended Mary Washington College in Fredericksburg where she earned a B.A. in American Studies. After graduation, Kathy worked as an editorial assistant for the BioScience Journal for a year before returning to graduate school. She was a research assistant and an academic advisor at the University of Georgia. She has also taught as an adjunct professor of American history and history of the New South at Wofford College and Converse College in Spartanburg. For almost eleven years, Kathy was Director of Academic Success at Converse, teaching and coordinating First Year Experience classes, counseling students and providing disability services. She taught two sections of freshman composition at the University of South Carolina Upstate during the Spring Semester of 2010 before becoming Student Services Coordinator in Disability Services in August 2010 and Assistant Director of Disability Services in December 2010. Kathy and her husband Shep have two daughters, Kelley and Meredith. Kathy’s interests include singing, listening to jazz and soul music, gardening, interior design, spending time at Litchfield Beach and traveling.
Tawana Scott
Tawana is no stranger to disability services as she is an individual with life experiences as a person with a disability. In spite of her disability, Tawana is driven by her passion to advocate, encourage, empower and educate people with and without disabilities to know they are people first. She firmly believes that character and integrity define a person, not their ability or disability. Tawana is a graduate of University of South Carolina Upstate with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Experimental Psychology. Prior to receiving her undergraduate degree she attended Greenville Technical College and obtained her Associates Degree in Public Services with an emphasis in Human Services. She also received certificates in Substance Abuse and Mental Health. Tawana’s professional development consists of working as Work Study Student/Test Proctor at Greenville Technical College for approximately 10 years and a Student Assistant in Disability Services at USC-Upstate while being a student at the university. She also gained experience as an Independent Living Specialist with ABLE-SC as well as at Spartanburg Community College as Assistant Coordinator of Student Disability Services. Tawana currently serves on the SC Independent Living Council as appointed by Governor Nikki Haley to assist in implementing changes and equal opportunities for persons with disabilities statewide. It is her desire to continue her education within the next year towards her Master’s Degree and she’s looking forward to that journey. In her spare time she enjoys reading, meeting new people, spending time at the lake and spending quality time with family and friends. Tawana is excited to be a part of the USC- Upstate family.
Assistive Technology Specialist
Scott is a graduate of Spartanburg Technical College with an associate’s degree in Arts with Education and Computer-related electives. He developed a love for technical equipment at an early age. While attending Spartanburg Technical College, he was given an opportunity to recommend and implement new software for the Assistive Technology Lab. After graduation, he was hired to manage and maintain the lab as a Lab Assistant. He was later promoted to Lab Coordinator. He joins USC Upstate with 17 years of experience as an Assistive Technology Trainer. Scott serves on the Spartanburg Mayor’s Committee on People with Disabilities. Immersed in Assistive Technology, Scott keeps his finger on the pulse of new and emerging technology that can enhance access for everyone. In his spare time Scott enjoys spending time with his wife Shelley, who graduated from USC Upstate in 2007, and their sons Daniel and Lucas.
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Home K2/Spice Addiction K2 Signs: Overdose Signs, Symptoms & Treatment
K2 Overdose: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment
What Is a K2/Spice Overdose?
Synthetic marijuana, legal weed, potpourri, fake pot: all names attributed to substances of a relatively new recreational drug craze. Each of these products, including the popular brand names K2 and Spice, belong to a group of drugs referred to as the synthetic cannabinoids.
The term ‘cannabinoid’ draws its origin from marijuana, which contains compounds such as THC and CBD that bind to cannabinoid receptors in the human brain. Combined with ‘synthetic’ we are left with a Frankenstein, man-made equivalent of this common drug. But, in fact, there is no marijuana in these products at all. Brands that are selling them simply take otherwise legal plant matter and spray it with cannabinoid chemicals. This is why it has been so difficult to regulate the drug. At one time, individuals could easily acquire a packet of Spice or K2 at gas stations or smoke shops across the country. Many brands have now become illegal to sell. Though not technically cannabis, these designer drugs are touted as having the same effects and stimulating similar highs.
As mentioned, K2 and Spice were two popular brands of synthetic marijuana when the trend first began growing in popularity. Truthfully, the only difference between the two lies in their names. When the products first emerged, Spice and K2 found a niche market with individuals looking to achieve a legal high. Synthetic marijuana was particularly sought after by teenagers and young, college-age adults. It became a cheaper and readily accessible alternative to real cannabis. In addition, the chemicals themselves were not detectable in a drug test—meaning young users could partake without the worry of parental or legal repercussions.
But synthetic cannabinoids came with a dark secret. Though the intended effects of the drug mirrored those of cannabis, the unintended costs were something else entirely. Soon enough, case after case began flooding the news about the immense dangers fake weed posed. Teenagers were experiencing life-threatening results from its use.
K2, Spice, and other synthetic marijuana variants are hazardous to one’s health, resulting in substance use disorders, psychotic episodes, overdoses, and even death.
K2/Spice Overdose Symptoms
Unlike with marijuana use, an overdose on K2 and Spice is possible. Not only that, but such an outcome is extremely likely. In fact, it can take as little as one sitting, even a single puff, to end up with an overdose. This is a common occurrence for one reason: chemicals in the product are not regulated or standardized. There is really no telling how much or how many of the 150+ synthetic cannabinoids are found in a single batch. The ambiguity of potencies can be deadly.
What’s more, synthetic options are different than cannabis on the chemical level. Despite this, the products are marketed as the same thing as marijuana — highlighting the harmlessness and natural quality of the drug. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Yet, those who use the substance fell for the ploy. They didn’t understand the fundamental, toxic differences between the knock-off version and the real thing. Meaning, individuals were likely to go into the experience with a warped perception and underestimation of the drug. After all, Spice and K2 can be up to hundreds of times more powerful than cannabis. These cases of mistaken identity lead some to consume amounts they may not have been used to with marijuana, to unforeseen consequences.
Even staunch opponents to marijuana will often concede some perceived benefit to its use, at the very least in a medical setting. Synthetic cannabinoids have no benefits. Which is an ironic conclusion, considering the compounds were first synthesized to study actual marijuana’s effect on the nervous system. But the intended uses were hijacked and the compounds manipulated along the way.
Both use and overuse of synthetic cannabinoids have been linked to instances of death. The most infamous case being that of David Mitchell Rozga. This young man from Iowa committed suicide in 2010 after ingesting K2 with his friends. The incident garnered international attention and became the inciting event that eventually led to criminalizing synthetic cannabinoids. Rozga gave a face to the crisis and underlined the inherent dangers of its use; perhaps the scariest of which is its tendency to produce psychotic symptoms and episodes.
Symptoms of a K2 or Spice overdose are eerily similar to that of a treacherous opioid overdose. As alluded to bove, these range from the physiological to the psychological. Such symptoms include:
Inability to speak or move
Elevated heart rate
Depersonalization
Violent or aggressive behavior
Suicidal thoughts or actions
Each listed symptom may vary in intensity given the amount of Spice or K2 that was consumed. Witnesses describe an overdose on synthetic cannabinoids to be especially disturbing to watch. If you, a friend, or a family member is exhibiting any signs of an overdose, seek out medical attention right away. Spice and K2 overdose victims can be a danger to themselves and others if not treated.
K2/Spice Overdose Treatment
Because synthetic cannabinoids cannot be detected in drug screenings, it is vital that you inform the physician exactly what the victim ingested. Once the medical staff has a baseline understanding of what they are dealing with, it will become easier for them to treat. K2 and Spice overdoses are not always lethal, and thus can be easily treated with monitored care. However, for instances where life-threatening side effects emerge, there may be a need to administer sedative drugs in order to calm a patient. From here, any respiratory or cardiovascular threats will be dealt with accordingly.
A K2 or Spice addiction can be dangerous. Proactive treatment can help prevent larger issues down the line. Facilities like The Recovery Village can help you or a loved one move on from substance use disorder with medical treatment and evidence-based therapy. Call today to learn more about drug rehab for K2 or Spice.
Spice/K2 Addiction
Have more questions about K2 Spice abuse?
Can You Mix K2 Spice and Alcohol?
K2 Spice Hotline
K2 Spice Overdose Signs, Symptoms, & Treatment
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How Air Conditioning Systems Work
An insight into Air conditioning
Air conditioning systems are one of the staples of modern buildings. Be they residential, commercial or meant for professional or academic activity, nearly every large-scale building built over the past three or four decades is equipped with some form of apparatus meant to freshen or warm up its different rooms or areas, so those dwelling within can be as comfortable as possible temperature-wise.
Yet, for how popular and widespread they have become, there is still much the average citizen does not know about this type of setup. Most non-specialists are likely not aware of how air conditioning systems work, and even laymen with an interest in this area will probably not know much beyond the basics of how this sort of apparatus functions.
With that in mind, we here at Thermotech have decided to share our knowledge with our customers, and put together a brief descriptive guide detailing how air conditioning systems work. As HVAC and air conditioning specialists, we believe in knowing what you are buying into, and thus feel it is important to share what we know, so that our customers can make an informed decision when buying one of our air conditioning units. It is in that spirit that the lines below give a rough overview of how air conditioning systems work, and how all the different parts that make up one of these setups come together to achieve the final result.
Cool Chemicals
The standard air conditioning system functions in a similar way to a refrigerator, but spanning a considerably larger area. While refrigeration chambers are usually self-contained – meaning the refrigeration mechanism only affects the area inside the fridge itself – air conditioning systems are designed to have influence over a much wider space, usually a room or set of rooms. As such, their potency is considerably larger than that of a refrigerator cooling unit, and they tend to be built to a somewhat larger scale.
The fundamental operating principle, however, is similar for the two types of systems, and based around a chemical which is converted from gaseous to liquid form, and back again. In the case of air conditioning units, this process aims to drive out the hot air inside a room or division, forcing it outdoors and thereby cooling down the room temperature inside the building.
The chemical used for this purpose, as well as the form it is stored in, varies depending on the type and complexity of the air conditioning system, but the basic principle remains the same regardless of what type of apparatus is installed in any given building.
Three-Part Technology
Similarly, most air conditioning systems, regardless of type or configuration, are based around three basic components: the compressor, the condenser and the evaporator. The former two are usually located in the outside portion of the air conditioning unit, while the evaporator is typically located indoors, and directly responsible for the hot or cold air felt inside the building’s rooms or divisions.
Needless to say, each of these parts plays a very specific role in the overall heating or cooling process. The compressor is responsible for squeezing the chemical fluid, bringing its pressure from low to high and thereby increasing its temperature. The fluid then moves into the condenser, which is equipped with fans that help it spread outwards and dissipate quicker.
While in the condenser, the fluid also changes from liquid to gaseous form, as its temperature decreases again, becoming much cooler. It then passes through a narrow hole into the evaporator, where its pressure drops and it begins to evaporate and dissipate into the air. It is assisted in this process by a fan built into the evaporator, which helps it spread evenly across the area the unit encompasses.
The hot air then rises to the top of the room or building being cooled, where it sucked up by vents, usually located in the higher portion of the room. It then travels down ducts back to the evaporator, where it is used to cool the gas within; this cooler gas then gets blown back into the room or surface through floor-level vents, completing the cooling-down process. Almost immediately thereafter, the gas travels back to the compressor, where the process starts anew.
Adjustable Alternative
The lines above gave a brief overview of how air conditioning systems work; however, in doing so, it left out the two-in-one alternative to this type of system, the heat pump.
Heat pumps set themselves apart from traditional air conditioning units through their adjustable function, which allows them to be used for the dual purpose of cooling as well as warming up a room. While air conditioning systems such as the ones described above typically only decrease room temperature, heat pumps can also contribute to increase it, making them more versatile and well-rounded than traditional air conditioners.
In terms of function, these devices do not differ too much from the process detailed above. The different modes are selected by way of a switch, and depending on the way it is flicked, the heat pump will either act exactly like a traditional air conditioning unit (as detailed above) or reverse the flow of the liquid, acting the exact opposite way, as a traditional heater. This way of operating allows these devices to be both versatile and energy efficient, while also allowing home owners and commercial managers to save up, by basically acquiring two products for the price of one. They can, therefore, be a good alternative to air conditioning units for building located in colder areas and which will also need heating up in winter.
As has hopefully become evident, then, there is no great amount of complexity to how air conditioning systems work. On the contrary, the process is relatively simple, and hopefully the paragraphs above have done an adequate job of outlining it in terms anyone can understand. As noted above, we here at Thermotech want our customers to be informed and know what they are buying when purchasing one of our air conditioning systems, and understanding how these units work is definitely a good starting point!
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Captured a great grassroots sporting moment? We want to see it!
Australian Olympic Team
Olympics Medal Tally
The 'Babe' the best: My top 20 sportswomen of all time
David Lord
21st February, 2013
'Babe' Didrikson Zaharias (Image: From file)
‘Babe’ Didrikson Zaharias is my pick as the greatest sportswoman of all time in a photo-finish with Australian Heather McKay.
These two were nothing short of phenomenal in what they achieved.
Didrickson (1911-1956) won two golds at the 1932 Olympics in the javelin and 80m hurdles, and a silver in the high jump holding world records in the hurdles and high jump, before turning her multi-skills to golf with three US Opens and 41 tournament victories on the USLGPA tour, as well as the US and British Amateur among another 41 victories.
Just for good measure the Babe achieved All-American basketball status and shone in baseball, softball, diving, swimming, volleyball, handball, billiards, skating, and cycling.
When asked was there anything she didn’t compete at or play with, she answered “Yeah – dolls”.
Heather McKay (1941) lost only two squash matches between 1962 and 1981 on the way to winning 16 successive British Opens from 1962 to 1977, the sport’s premier tournament, and 14 successive Australian Amateur titles from 1960 to 1973.
She found time to be a Hockeyroo in 1967 and 1971, and was five times Canadian Racquetball champion in the early 80s.
My bronze medal goes to American Wilma Rudolf, (1940-1994) in one of the greatest sporting stories ever.
The 20th of 22 siblings, Wilma weighed only 2kgs at premature birth, was struck down with polio when she was four, and wore leg braces until she was nine.
It’s impossible to believe Wilma went on to become the fastest woman track sprinter in the world, winning Olympic gold in the 100m, 200m, and 100m relay in Rome 1960.
The other 17 in chronoligical order:
Sonya Henje (1912-1969), the Norweigian skater, 10 times world champion from 1927 to 1936 who went onto become the bighest paid actress in Hollywood.
Fanny Blankers-Koen, the “Flying Dutchwoman” won four Olympic golds in London 1948 in the 100, 200, hurdles, and relay at 30 and a mother of two. Had the second World War not interfered with her career, there’s no telling what she could have achieved.
Althea Gibson (1927-2003), the first African-American to win a Slam in 1956 with the French, and followed with capturing both the US and Wimbledon in 1957 and 1958.
Marjorie Jackson (1931), Australia’s “Lithgow Flash” with Olympic track gold in Helsinki 1952 in the 100, 200, and relay, broke 10 world records during her short but spectacular career.
Maureen Connolly (1934-1969), American “Little Mo” was the first woman’s tennis Grand Slammer in 1953 among nine Slams, and the youngest at 16 to capture the US.
Larisa Latynina (1934), Soviet gymnast with a record 18 Olympic medals that stood for 48 years until broken by American swimmer Michael Phelps with 22.
Dawn Fraser (1937), won three successive Olympic golds in the 100 freestyle at the 1956, 1960, and 1964 Games, and would have won five straight had she not been unjustly suspended for allegedly nicking the Emperor’s flag in Tokyo. The first woman to crack the 60 seconds barrier.
Betty Cuthbert (1938), the Australian “Golden Girl” of the 1956 Olympics with victory in the 100, 200, and relay, and a fourth gold eight years later in Tokyo 1964 over the 400.. During her spectacular career, Betty held world records in the 60m, 100, 200, 220 yards, and 440 yards.
Margaret Court (1942), Australia’s greatest woman tennis player, and the only one to win three Grand Slams, in the singles, and twice with mixed doubles. All up won 192 tournaments.
Billie Jean King (1943), the American regarded as the matriarch of women’s pro tennis, herself a winner of 12 Slam singles titles, 16 doubles, and 11 mixed.
Evonne Goolagong Cawley (1951), Australian aboriginal who made a record 17 Slam singles final in the 70s. In all won seven Slam singles titles, six doubles, and one mixed.
Chris Evert (1954) American with 157 tournament victories, including 18 Slam singles, and three doubles.
Martina Navratilova (1965), Czech-born American with 18 Slam singles, a record 31 doubles, and 10 nixed, among an Open Era record 177 titles.
Nadia Comaneci (1961), Romanian gymnast, the first to score a perfect 10 in the 1976 Olympics, a feat she achieved five times.
Steffi Graf (1969), Germany’s favourite daughter, with 22 Slam singles to her credit, as well as Olympic gold in 1988 to go with the Australian, French, Wimbledon, and US for the ultimate Grand Slam, the only time it has ever been achieved. All up 107 tournament victories.
Annika Sorenstam (1970), Swedish golfer, the only woman to shoot a 59 in tournament play, won 10 majors.
Karrie Webb (1974), Australia’s greatest woman golfer with seven majors, and already inducted into the International Hall of Fame while still competing.
What do you think Roarers? Will Serene Williams challenge for a spot? Ellyse Perry? Lauren Jackson?
David Lord was deeply involved in two of the biggest sporting stories - World Series Cricket in 1977 and professional rugby in 1983. After managing Jeff Thomson and Viv Richards during WSC, in 1983 David signed 208 of the best rugby players from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France to play an international pro circuit. The concept didn't get off the ground, but it did force the IRB to get cracking and bring in the World Rugby Cup, now one of the world's great sporting spectacles
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Sierra Leone News
Sierra Leone Telegraph: Established 2009 – Serving the Diaspora – Rebranding Sierra Leone
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[ July 16, 2019 ] Graduate Women International celebrates 100 years Education and Health
[ July 16, 2019 ] Where is president Bio of Sierra Leone? Politics
[ July 13, 2019 ] Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s – and to the people what is the people’s Politics
[ July 13, 2019 ] APC party leadership pays respects to the Yumkella family Politics
[ July 12, 2019 ] Freetown faces impending doom if water crisis is not sorted Economy & Business
HomeNews in PerspectiveSierra Leone Foreign Minister woos British investors in London
Sierra Leone Foreign Minister woos British investors in London
March 1, 2016 Abdul Rashid Thomas News in Perspective 5
Sierra Leone Telegraph: 1 March 2016
Last Monday, 25th February, 2016, Sierra Leone’s foreign minister Samura Kamara travelled to London, along with a handful of prominent Sierra Leonean businessmen, including the chief executive officer of Sierra Rutile – John Sisay.
Their mission was to sell Sierra Leone’s investment potential to British companies and investors, present at the UK-Sierra Leone Trade and Investment Forum, in the luxurious Sheraton Park Lane Hotel in Piccadilly.
The event was organised by the London based foreign investment promotions company – Developing Markets Associates Ltd. (DMA), in partnership with SLIEPA and supported by the UN, ECOWAS, Mano River Union, FCO, and UKTI.
President Koroma was to have led his delegation to London for the event, but pulled out for some unknown reason, leaving his foreign minister to carry the baton.
The UK-Sierra Leone Trade & Investment Forum was billed as the country’s most significant investment outreach in recent years. In 2010 president Koroma led a similar delegation to London to sell the country’s investment potential, hosted by former British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
But that event was not much of a success, despite an overwhelming turnout by British companies and potential investors, looking for viable and safe investment opportunities in Africa.
Last week’s event was attended by 300 participants, representing 100 British companies, DMA told the Sierra Leone Telegraph.
Foreign minister Kamara and Sierra Rutile CEO – John Sisay, spoke about the opportunities that exist for foreign investors in key sectors of Sierra Leone’s economy – energy, extractives, agriculture industry and infrastructure.
The UK-Sierra Leone Trade & Investment Forum is said to be an important part of Sierra Leone’s post-Ebola economic recovery plan, where president Koroma was expected to have presented his government’s agenda to restore and strengthen private sector growth, and to encourage new inward investments.
Since the launch of his government’s Private Sector Development Strategy in 2011, the number of businesses employing less than 50 people have suffered rapid decline, as the non-mining economy continued to contract.
With rising interest rates and the overall climate for doing business darkened by corruption and red tape, few businesses achieve their growth potential, whilst new start-ups find it almost impossible to get off the ground.
Poor access to affordable start-up finance, lack of dedicated business premises, poor access to electricity and water; heavily congested roads, unavailability of skilled and highly trained workforce, unreliable and expensive internet connectivity and telephone charges, are seriously hampering the survival of new enterprises.
Foreign investors looking for opportunities for high and safe returns in the African continent are more than likely to look at countries where, the cost and climate of doing business are not driven by poor governance, corruption and poor regulatory standards.
Senior ministers along with an entourage of high-level private sector representatives from Sierra Leone, highlighted some of the reforms, and spoke about the enabling environment that they say the government is creating to allow for sustainable business growth, facilitate economic diversification and demonstrate to the investor community that the country is truly ‘open for business’.
But is Sierra Leone truly ready for genuine business investments?
Sierra Leone being classed by the latest Transparency International Corruption Index report as one of the most corrupt in Africa, does not help the country’s image, especially with neighbouring Liberia perceived as less corrupt.
But British Minister for Africa – James Duddridge was optimistic. In a speech aimed at encouraging British companies and investors to look favourably at Sierra Leone in making their investment decisions, he said this:
I have just had a meeting with Dr Kamara, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Relations. Our governments have worked closely for many years, but particularly so over the last two years to defeat the terrible scourge of Ebola. I was delighted when your country was declared free of the disease in November.
It is right that we acknowledge the tragic impact of that devastating outbreak on Sierra Leone and its people. It is also right that we start to put this terrible episode behind us.
I remember visiting Sierra Leone in 2013 and it was one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. That was only three years ago. I hope Sierra Leone will return to hyper-growth rates and a thriving business environment.
This morning I am going to set out why the UK Government sees potential in Sierra Leone, what we believe is needed to realise that potential, and what opportunities we believe this holds for you as investors.
I lived and worked in Africa for many years. My experience was one of energetic entrepreneurs, burgeoning businesses, a rising middle class, potential and drive in equal measure. Doing business is in Sierra Leoneans’ DNA.
The UK Government is committed to supporting Sierra Leone’s recovery. We have pledged over £240 million over the next two years to support the President’s plans for recovery.
This assistance is a part of a wider picture, because we are committed to promoting trade, investment and prosperity right across Africa. I am delighted that Guy Warrington will be going out as our new High Commissioner to Sierra Leone.
We have created a new Prosperity Fund – worth £1.3 billion – to promote conditions for sustainable and inclusive growth. A significant proportion is earmarked for Africa.
This Government is also delivering on our commitment to spend 0.7% of Gross National Income on international development, of which Sierra Leone is a beneficiary. I have been working closely with Justine Greening at the Department for International Development, who has visited Sierra Leone a number of times, and my DFID counterpart Nick Hurd.
However, aid alone will not ensure Sierra Leone’s long term recovery. It needs investment too, and that means an improved business environment.
The government of Sierra Leone has drafted its plan for post-Ebola recovery. It has identified priorities for recovery over the next two years: health, education, social protection, infrastructure, energy, water, and the development of the private sector. These will all be critical in getting Sierra Leone back onto the path of sustainable development.
It is encouraging to see that the President and his Ministers recently proposed to include a new Governance pillar in the recovery plan. We support this step towards addressing some of the big challenges around procurement, payroll, and corruption.
We are working in partnership with the government of Sierra Leone to encourage them to create the business environment that will reassure and attract investors.
Some UK companies, such as Standard Chartered Bank are already there. They, alongside Herbert Smith Freehills and Prudential, helped Sierra Leone during the Ebola outbreak by producing the Investor Guide for Sierra Leone – a great example of the private sector coming together to help the country on its path to long-term recovery.
My parliamentary colleague James Cleverly, MP for Braintree and a fellow Essex MP, whose mother was Sierra Leonean, was recently in Sierra Leone. I hope to do more to work with the Sierra Leonean diaspora across the country.
It’s worth taking a moment here to recognise the country’s enviable natural advantages: Its rich mineral deposits.
Its huge potential in renewable energy, in particular solar and hydro-electric – I should say here that Sierra Leone was one of the first countries on the continent to sign up to the Department for International Development’s Africa Energy Campaign which promotes access to solar powered electricity – which is now much cheaper, more accessible and reliable.
Its strategic shipping location on the Atlantic seaboard of West Africa, with one of the largest natural harbours in the world. Its millions of hectares of forests and fertile agricultural land, and abundant fish stocks.
Sierra Leone is also well placed to benefit from the huge economic growth we expect to see across the continent. Consumer demand from its emerging middle class is growing and that trend is set to continue as Africa’s population is forecast to double by 2050 [UN Population Data].
So in conclusion I urge you to listen closely to what you hear today. Sierra Leone has put Ebola behind it. The UK Government is supporting trade and investment, reconstruction and prosperity. Doing more business provides taxation for the government. We should be proud of what we’re doing to help Sierra Leone back to double digit growth rates.
Sierra Leone has huge potential. Its government has a plan for recovery and has identified its priority sectors. From mining and renewable energy to project management and environmental services.
Finally, this country’s strong historic ties with Sierra Leone, our long-term friendship, together with the familiarity with English, present UK companies with a unique advantage. I urge you to seize it with both hands. (End of speech).
But did minister Samura and his high-powered delegation return to Sierra Leone full of optimism?
With the British Standard Chartered Bank caught in the middle of what has been described as ‘an increasingly bitter feud’ between the government of Sierra Leone and the heavily-indebted Octéa Limited – owner of the country’s biggest diamond mine at Koidu, British investors will be watching very closely.
Other recent foreign investment fiasco included the iron ore mining giant African Minerals Ltd., London Mining, and the sugar cane ethanol company – Addax. These companies have faced serious financial difficulties, leaving some of their foreign investors well out of pocket.
Critics have accused the Koroma government of putting the interests of ministers and officials ahead of corporate good governance and due diligence, as well as failing to provide a healthy business climate – free of political interference, for all private investors in the country.
The Koroma led government of Sierra Leone must clean up its image fast, if it is to convince European foreign investors to come to Sierra Leone, rather than head to southern Africa, or even neighbouring Liberia.
But the Chinese are more than grateful for the knockdown prices they are paying the government, to take over European companies that are struggling to survive in Sierra Leone’s increasingly turbulent political and investment climate.
This is what protesters in Sierra Leone think of the president’s luxurious lifestyle:
http://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Protesters-in-Sierra-Leone-protesting-the-lack-of-fuel.mp4
Dr Tengbe – the man on a peace mission for Sierra Leone’s opposition SLPP
Attack on Sierra Leone’s Justice Cowan – don’t shoot the messenger
Amadu Malike Kanu says:
Kudos to all the good people like you, for helping my country of birth and around the world. I am so impressed with your perspective news and facts about Sierra Leone.
Sierra Leone has been faced with almost the worst trauma and compounded by Ebola. Now Ebola has been defeated. Our main target to grow Sierra Leone is all upfront to get rid of corruption and provide economic security for all – not just the few.
Corruption and bribery is so embedded in Sierra Leone, and those in power go free when get caught. It is not that corruption doesn’t exist in America. But a politician or whosoever is caught will pay the price. We need to reform the thinking of the leaders in Sierra Lone, that you are in for the people and must set an example.
Mustache Moustache says:
We are living by a flowing stream of clean water, but still thirsty. It is a very serious paradox for Sierra Leone enriched with many known natural resources, including diamond, gold, rutile, bauxite, etc. yet among the poorest countries in (West) Africa. What a shame!
Question: Why is the President richer than everyone else, and all other political elites hide their wealth in foreign banks? If this is not corruption, then what else is?
Certainly, this is because of the many ungodly and satanic secret societies, including Poro, Wondei, Gbangbani, Ojeh, Hunting, Bondo, Freemason and Lodge heavily practiced all over the country. The majority of the people of Sierra Leone are strong members of these clandestine and surreptitious groups that are interested only in bloodsucking activities. These cultic and occultic practices must STOP, without any debate, for us to prosper both physically and spiritually.
I ask that members of these secret societies come back to their senses, like the prodigal son in Luke15, and do what is right and just before the Living God. Or else they are eternally doomed. May the Lord have mercy on them, including us. Repent! Amen.
Mohamed L. Kallon says:
Which earnest pride could the President – Ernest Bai Koroma employ to lead a delegation to London, with the government of Sierra Leone facing major challenges of weak governance, widespread poverty and systemic corruption?
The image of Sierra Leone is reflected by major worldwide governance indicators as one of the poorest countries of the world, in spite of its abundant natural resources.
In terms of control of corruption, the situation has deteriorated under the ruling government headed by President Ernest Bai Koroma. What persuasive reasons could the President use to convince the British to invest in Sierra Leone?
The above quotations from the speech of the British Minister for Africa, James Duddridge, tactically and diplomatically placed, are clear messages to the government of Sierra Leone in general and the President in particular.
Sierra Leone’s abundant natural resources having failed to transform into sustainable economic growth, with the economy heavily dependent on foreign aid and external sources of revenues, the government is compelled to concentrate on doing away with corruption “to create the business environment that will reassure and attract investors.”
Having confirmed the lack of political ethics and competence required in piloting Sierra Leone to development and prosperity, the most rational thing to be done by the President and his governing, is to give way to a new generation of politicians capable of constructing instead of destroying Sierra Leone.
This, I am sincerely convinced, is the wish of all patriotic Sierra Leoneans today. Our country, with all her enviable potential, cannot remain dependent on aid.
Nigel Brown says:
British investors do not have the stomach to put their capital in a corrupt country like Sierra Leone.
As long as your country is run by a bunch of squared pegs and corrupt politicians whose only interests are about lining their pockets with bribes, only the chinese will invest there.
The London forum was a total flop. I heard nothing that could inspire and give confidence to British investors.
It was the same old sorry rhetoric about Sierra Leone being opened for business. But nothing about how foreign investments are being strongly protected by the laws of the country.
By the way. Why has your government failed to invest in the basic factors of business location, such as a first class educated and skilled workforce?
Alan Luke says:
When this conference was first organised by Oluniyi Robbin-Coker and Patrick Caulker in 2008 or 2009 – it was ground breaking by Sa Lone standards. There was a sense of hope and optimism and diasporans could not wait to get a ticket to go to this event.
After 8 years of spectacular failure – hope and optimism has waned not just among diasporans, but the international community.
But if racking up per diems is part of your raison d’etre – you will continue to bury your head in the sand and show the world your ass!
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WITH CORRUPTION EVERYONE PAYS
Ebola featured President Bai Koroma Sierra Leone Sierra Leone News
The Sierra Leone Telegraph Reserves Copyright
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Joe Perry to release part of his new solo album next year
We won't be hearing any of his new album this year but Joe Perry is looking to release some of his solo album in the new year.
In a recent interview with the Musician's Ear, Perry said the record is "in the can right now."
"I just need to polish it up a bit more," He said. "I'm looking to release some of it in the new year."
Perry first announced the project in 2015 and told fans it would be a mostly instrumental effort but it has changed direction since then.
"It's got all kinds of sounds, but I would probably say 'funky' is the quickest way to put it," Perry said. "Everything starts with rhythm and that vibe. When I’m writing songs, it always starts with some variation of R&B and funk, whether it’s been from the first Aerosmith stuff till what we’re going to work on this afternoon.”
Perry also revealed that the album involves singers Terry Reid, David Johanson and Iggy Pop.
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Bheki Cele has the private security industry in his sights
His draft amendments would limit what the private security industry could use as uniforms and who can use firearms while on duty.
by Nick Krige
Minister of Police Bheki Cele has submitted two draft amendments to the Private Security Industry Regulation Act that would affect the guns they can use and the uniforms they can wear.
Private security industry guns and uniforms
The first of the two proposals submitted by Cele at the end of May would prevent security companies from having uniforms that resemble those from the South African Police Service (SAPS), South African National Defense Force, or South African Correctional Services.
The second addresses the types of firearms they are allowed to carry and which private security personnel are allowed to carry firearms in the line of duty.
Speaking at a press conference deputy director for law enforcement at the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSIRA), advocate Linda Mbana revealed some pretty shocking statistics about the size of the private security industry.
“The private security industry in South Africa is bigger than SAPS and SANDF combined. As of April, we have 8851 registered companies with over 500 000 individual private security officers,” she said.
As of 2018, the SAPS reported it has just over 150 000 officers on its books. A report on DefenceWeb claims the SANDF’s strength is 73 844 troops with 219 generals and admirals.
So there are more than two private security officers for every police officer and army trooper in this country.
Taxi security concerns
The next step is to get comment from the public and private security companies on the draft amendments to see if and where changes need to be made.
At this early stage, it is already apparent the limitation on who can be issued a gun is a contentious issue.
Under the current draft proposal handguns and shotguns may only be issued to security officers involved in:
Armed response
Protection of valuables
Environmental protection/anti-poaching
Security at national key points
Private security personnel who work in the taxi industry have already raised concerns. They believe they work in one of the most dangerous fields but would not be allowed to carry firearms if these amendments are passed without changes.
Submissions with regards to the two draft amendments can be made to PSIRA until 12 July 2019.
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Orion Energy Systems Inc. (OESX)
NASDAQ : Producer Manufacturing
Prev Close 2.91
Day Low/High 2.82 / 2.93
52 Wk Low/High 0.53 / 3.18
Volume 72.83K
Avg Volume 376.20K
Shares Outstanding 29.93M
Market Cap 85.29M
EPS -0.20
P/E Ratio N/A
Div & Yield N.A. (N.A)
Summary Profile News Financials Events Ownership Options
TheStreet Quant Rating: D (Sell)
Get the (OESX)
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Quant Rating on 3:59 PM EDT 7/18/2019
(Sell)
Acuity Brands Boosts Product Offering With WhiteOptics Buyout
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S, CMCM and QD among tech movers
Microcaps mostly among midday movers
Orion Energy Systems To Move To NASDAQ Capital Market
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT:OESX), June 3, 2015 - a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient retrofit lighting platforms, today announced it will voluntarily transfer its stock...
Jun 3, 2015 5:18 PM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Publishes FY 2016 Financial Guidance Ahead Of Attendance At Investor Conferences
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT:OESX) - a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient retrofit lighting platforms, is confirming fiscal year 2016 guidance to the investment community ahead...
Orion Energy Systems Announces Fiscal 2015 Fourth Quarter And Year-End Results
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced financial results for its fiscal 2015 fourth quarter and year...
May 21, 2015 4:05 PM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Schedules Fiscal 2015 Fourth Quarter And Year End Financial Results And Conference Call
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT:OESX), May 8, 2015 - a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it will hold its Fiscal 2015 fourth quarter and...
Orion Energy Systems Showcases LED Commercial, Exterior And Industrial Retrofit Solutions At LIGHTFAIR® International 2015 In New York
Booth #2681 - Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient retrofit lighting platforms, today announced that the Company will be displaying its full...
May 5, 2015 8:00 AM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Wins Order To Install LED Troffer Retrofit (LDR) Lighting Solution In Veterans Affairs Hospital
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), April 30, 2015 - a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it recently received a contract award of...
May 1, 2015 10:15 AM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Wins $1 Million Order To Install A New LED Lighting Solution And Light Pipes For A Leading Designer And Manufacturer Of Mobile Devices, Tablets, And Personal Computers
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT:OESX) - a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it recently received a contract award of approximately $1.
Apr 14, 2015 9:22 AM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Reaffirms Fiscal Year 2015 Revenue Guidance
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX) - April 6, 2015, a leading designer and manufacturer of high performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it is reiterating its revenue guidance of...
Apr 6, 2015 8:30 AM EDT
Stick to an Investment Routine
Because searching for new ideas can be a never-ending activity.
Mar 16, 2015 2:00 PM EDT
Orion Energy Systems To Present At The 27th Annual ROTH Investor Conference On Monday, March 9, 2015
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced the Company's Chief Executive Officer, John Scribante, and Chief...
Orion Energy Systems Completes $19.1 Million Public Offering Of Common Stock
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced the completion of an underwritten public offering of 5,462,500...
Feb 25, 2015 4:15 PM EST
Orion Energy Systems (OESX) Stock Tanking Today After Pricing Upsized Public Offering
Orion Energy Systems (OESX) stock is down after the lighting fixtures company announced the pricing of its upsized underwritten public offering.
Feb 20, 2015 11:51 AM EST
Orion Energy Systems Prices Public Offering Of Common Stock
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced the pricing of its upsized underwritten public offering of...
Feb 20, 2015 7:30 AM EST
Orion Energy Systems Announces Proposed Public Offering Of Common Stock
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it intends to offer $15,000,000 of shares of its common stock...
Orion Energy Systems Announces Fiscal 2015 Third Quarter Results
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced financial results for its fiscal 2015 third quarter and nine months...
Feb 9, 2015 4:22 PM EST
Orion LED Door Retrofit 2x4 Contour (Photo: Business Wire)
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT:OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it was granted a new patent from the U.
Jan 21, 2015 8:30 AM EST
Orion Energy Systems Schedules Fiscal 2015 Third Quarter Financial Results And Conference Call
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Jan 20, 2015 2:59 PM EST
Orion Energy Systems (OESX) Downgraded From Hold to Sell
Orion Energy Systems (OESX) has been downgraded by TheStreet Ratings from Hold to Sell with a ratings score of D.
Nov 7, 2014 9:39 AM EST
Ratings Changes Today
TheStreet Quant Ratings provides fair and objective information to help you make educated investing decisions. We rate over 4,300 stocks daily and provide 5-page PDF reports for each stock. These ratings can change daily and today's changes are reflected in the email below. If you are looking to check-up on the stocks you currently own or are looking for new ideas, you can find our full database of password-protected ratings reports in our proprietary ratings screener: http://www.thestreet.com/k/qr/flat/stock-screener.html Upgrades: ABMD, FFNM, HCCI, HFFC, HOLX, LYV, NRG, PSMI, WABC, WCG Downgrades: AMRI, GNW, HFC, KW, MNDL, NSU, OESX, PRSC, RUTH, SSYS Initiations: None Read on to get TheStreet Quant Ratings' detailed report:
Nov 6, 2014 11:00 AM EST
Orion Energy Systems Announces Fiscal 2015 Second Quarter Results
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced financial results for its fiscal 2015 second quarter and first...
Nov 4, 2014 4:05 PM EST
Orion Energy Systems To Ring Today's Closing Bell At The New York Stock Exchange In Celebration Of Repositioning As A Leader In LED Lighting Solutions
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX) ("Orion" or the "Company"), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that Chief Executive Officer,...
Oct 27, 2014 7:00 AM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Receives Commitments For $2.1 Million In Recent Orders From U.S. Federal Agency
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX) ("Orion" or the "Company"), a leading designer and manufacturer of energy management systems consisting primarily of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms,...
The ISON LED Exterior Area Fixture (Photo: Business Wire)
The Apollo LED High Bay Fixture (Photo: Business Wire)
Oct 14, 2014 1:56 PM EDT
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. Schedules Fiscal 2015 Second Quarter Financial Results And Conference Call
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX) ("Orion" or the "Company"), a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that it will hold its Fiscal...
Oct 8, 2014 1:30 PM EDT
Orion Energy Systems Announces Award Of $6.2 Million Project With Major Automotive Manufacturer To Install LED Fixtures At Manufacturing Plant
Sep 4, 2014 1:45 PM EDT
Orion Energy Systems To Present At The Upcoming Craig-Hallum Alpha Select Conference On September 18, 2014 In New York
Orion Energy Systems, Inc. (NYSE MKT: OESX), a leading designer and manufacturer of energy management systems consisting primarily of high-performance, energy-efficient lighting platforms, today announced that the...
Sep 2, 2014 8:00 AM EDT
Upgrades: CDI, EMKR, GAIN, GFF, OESX, PSUN Downgrades: APEI, GMAN, TAX Initiations: CSTM, SAEX Read on to get TheStreet Quant Ratings' detailed report:
Aug 29, 2014 11:00 AM EDT
Orion Energy Systems To Present At The Upcoming Canaccord Genuity 34th Annual Growth Conference On Thursday, August 14, 2014
Aug 7, 2014 1:53 PM EDT
You Can Ignore My Stock Picks
The 15% jump yesterday means little in my scheme of things.
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20 Things About Britney Spears' Boyfriends (KFed Doesn't Want Us To Know)
During her 20-year reign as Princess of Pop, Britney Spears has been romantically connected to some high-profile figures. Unfortunately, she’s also had to kiss her share of frogs (haven’t we all!).
But it looks like the pop star might have found her Happily Ever After with current beau Sam Asghari.
Since making their relationship public through social media in late 2017, Asghari and Spears have been inseparable. They’ve been spotted sharing romantic dates more than once and aren’t afraid to flatter each other on social media.
But there’s still so much most fans don’t know about Spears’s mysterious man. Keep reading to find out these 11 little-known details about Sam Asghari, and take a stroll down the memory lane that is Britney Spears’ iconic love life.
20 Sam Asghari Was Born In Iran
The youngest of four siblings, Sam was born Hesam Asghari in Tehran, Iran in March of 1994. So how did his path cross with the pop princess of his generation, Britney Spears?
In 2006, he moved to Los Angeles with his family to live with his dad, who worked there as a tow truck driver.
19 He Works As A Model And Fitness Trainer
Having been settled in the U.S. for more than ten years now, Asghari works as a model and fitness trainer. You can catch him working out in the exercise videos he and Spears share on social media.
Asghari told Men’s Health that he comes up with the exercises in the videos, but Spears is the director!
18 He’s A Hard Worker In General
Asghari’s work ethic extends beyond the gym and the set. After high school, he enrolled in Los Angeles Pierce College where he studied criminal justice and worked three jobs simultaneously to support himself.
Boston 25 News reports that following this, he fell into fitness training and set the goal to become a personal trainer.
17 He Lost A Lot Of Weight Before Meeting Spears
Today Asghari’s famous on IG for his iconic abs, so few fans know that his body has changed a lot from the start of his journey.
After he was cut from the football team at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, he was pretty unhealthy thanks to a daily menu of fast food, candy, and sugary soda. Six months after getting cut, he turned his habits around.
16 Asghari And Spears Met On Set
In typical L.A. fashion, Asghari first met Spears on the set of her music video for the song "Slumber Party" in 2016, where he was working as a model.
Naturally, Asghari had “butterflies” when he talked to Spears for the first time, according to his interview with Men’s Health. By New Year’s Eve 2017, Asghari and Sam were IG official.
15 She Almost Didn’t Call Him After They Met
It took the romance between Asghari and Spears a while to blossom after they first met, mostly because the pop star forgot about him after filming for her music video wrapped.
According to US Weekly, Spears revealed that she did keep Asghari’s number from the set, but didn’t call him until around five months later!
14 Asghari Also Appeared In Another Famous Music Video
If you’re a pop music fan, then Spears’ music videos aren’t the only place you would have seen Asghari. He also appeared in the "Work from Home" video by Fifth Harmony.
In case you missed him, he was one of the handymen who made us all want to head out to a construction site immediately.
13 He Supports Spears No Matter What She Goes Through
Asghari hasn’t been shy about voicing his support for his girlfriend online when she needs it.
When news broke that Spears had decided to seek treatment, Asghari took to IG to praise Spears for taking care of her mind, body, and spirit, which he is inspired by and sees as “a sign of absolute strength.”
12 And Inspires Her To Be A Better Person
Spears isn’t afraid to do the gushing once in a while, either!
She likes to dedicate the odd post to Asghari on IG, once writing, “I’ve been with this man for over a year… everyday [sic] he inspires me to be a better person and that makes me feel like the luckiest girl in the world!!!”
11 Kids Are His Favorite
We’re guessing that Asghari gets along famously with Spears’ two sons Preston and Jayden since he loves kids so much.
In the past, he’s been known to post about babies on social media, and according to Your Tango, he spends time skateboarding with Preston and Jayden in their gated community and swimming in the pool with them.
10 He Also Loves Kittens
Just when you thought it couldn’t get any better! If his social media is anything to go by, Asghari also has a soft spot for kittens.
He once posted a photo of his two gorgeous kittens asking for name suggestions from his followers. No word yet on what names he went with for the new additions!
Now let's look at some of Britney's most iconic exes...
9 Justin Timberlake
Justin Timberlake was Spears’s first high-profile relationship. The power couple of the early noughties dated from 1999 to 2002 and were even known to wear matching outfits upon occasion.
Their split was widely reported on, and Timberlake implied in his song "Cry Me a River" that it came down to Spears’s actions, not his. Today, Timberlake is married to actress Jessica Biel.
8 Colin Farrell
Colin Farrell was only with Spears for a short time in 2003, but he still makes the list as one of her exes nonetheless. They appeared on a red carpet together, so he counts!
In an interview with W magazine, Spears admitted that she thought Farrell was “the cutest thing in the world” but ultimately, “it was nothing serious.”
7 Jason Alexander
Spears had been friends with Jason Alexander since childhood when she married him at the Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas after a big night out in early January 2004.
Even though Alexander later told the press that he was in love with the pop star, she had the marriage annulled just 55 hours later.
6 Wade Robson
Between 2001 and 2002, Spears was linked to choreographer Wade Robson, with several media sources claiming that they shared a romance after meeting through work.
Today, Wade Robson is still working as a choreographer on TV shows like So You Think You Can Dance, animated films, stage shows, and world tours for various artists.
5 Criss Angel
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Criss Angel was the man behind Spears’s infamous VMA performance in 2007, and the two first became linked after she hired him to help her put together the piece.
Angel told the press that he never dated Spears, but the media speculation was further fueled by photos of Angel and Spears together. As of 2019, Angel is in a relationship with Shaunyl Benson.
4 Adnan Ghalib
The paparazzi made Spears’ life impossible in 2007, so it came as a surprise when she started dating celebrity photographer Adnan Ghalib.
According to Wonderwall, after a year of dating, Spears and Ghalib ended their relationship over the phone, and Spears went on to file a restraining order against him, which lasted for three years.
3 Jason Trawick
In the summer of 2009, Spears became romantically involved with her agent, Jason Trawick. The pair became engaged in December 2011, and Trawick was named co-conservator of Spears’s personal handling.
In 2013, the couple called off their engagement, with a source telling People that the reason behind the split was their differing stances on having children.
2 David Lucado
After meeting David Lucado at a party in 2013, Spears publicly announced him as her love. By the summer of 2014, however, photos had surfaced connecting Lucado to another woman.
Soon after, Spears addressed the photos on stage in Las Vegas, certifying that the relationship was officially over. Lucado is active on LinkedIn and, according to Wonderwall, now works as a legal investigator.
1 Charlie Ebersol
For eight months between 2014 and 2015, Spears was involved with writer and producer Charlie Ebersol, the son of NBC Sports chief Dick Ebersol. He was often spotted at her Las Vegas show, and she took the relationship public by bringing him to the Billboard Music Awards.
A source told People that the pair naturally moved apart, resulting in their June 2015 split.
Sources: YourTango, People, Nicki Swift, Boston 25 News, NY Daily News, Wonderwall
Tags: Celebs, celeb couples
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Home Lifestyle 15 Truthful Reasons Men Want To Get Married
15 Truthful Reasons Men Want To Get Married
By HuffPost on September 12, 2014
If movies and TV shows are to be believed, men only settle down when a woman forces it on them with an ultimatum.
But as we all know, that’s not really the case. A recent Reddit thread asked men why they want to tie the knot, and the responses were a far cry from that outdated gender stereotype. Check out 16 of their honest rationales below.
1. Marriage allows me to show my love in a way that nothing else can.
“It is a symbolic gesture of our love and commitment to one another. The wedding itself gives friends and family an excuse to even for a day truly celebrate our relationship and life together.”
2. Marriage provides a stable environment for kids.
“I want to have children. A marriage provides — theoretically — the most stable environment in which to raise children.”
3. Because of marriage, the woman I love can become my family.
“Because I love her, and I want her to be my family, and I want a legal document that will tell the world that she is my family.”
4. Marriage is a money saver.
“The benefits, the benefits, the benefits. There are 1,138 federal benefits to a legally recognized marriage.”
5. It allows me to fully commit myself to one person.
“Commitment. Marriage is a promise that we’ll be together for life. Most of my acquaintances have a fair-weather relationship. If things get shitty for them, I’m not there. And in turn, if things get shitty for me, they won’t be there for me. Marriage is a promise that you’ll be there for each other even when things are shitty. Furthermore, it’s one that you’ve made in front of your family and the world, so you’re more likely to work to keep it.”
6. Life is easier when you have a partner by your side.
“Marriage is awesome. I’m celebrating my 5 year anniversary in about a week and it was the best decision I have ever made. Improving myself is easier because I always have someone in my corner. The good things are more exciting and the bad things are more manageable when you don’t have to handle them alone.”
7. The thought of loving someone forever makes me happy.
“I want to be able to spend the rest of my life with someone who I love and who loves me back. Thinking about it makes me very happy.”
8. I don’t want to lose the greatest thing that’s ever happened to me.
“I got married because I honestly couldn’t see myself finding anyone like my wife, let alone a better fit for me as a partner through life.”
9. I believe traditions are important.
“The legal benefits are a pretty strong argument for it if nothing else. Then there is the wedding itself which is always fun, plus I think there is something to be said for traditions, even if the actual ceremony wouldn’t resemble a traditional wedding in so many ways.”
10. I would do anything for the woman I love, including marry her.
“Because it made my wife happy, and I love her so much that I’d do anything to make her smile.”
11. I’m excited to create an awesome family to make up for the one I never had.
“My parents got divorced when I was in fourth grade, and it made me pretty jaded about marrying someone … When I think back on all of it, it actually makes me want to get married. Having a really awesome family of my own and doing everything I can to ensure that none of that ever happens to my children is one of my largest life goals. It’s my own way of correcting what happened in my own childhood.”
12. I want to spend my life with my BFF by my side.
“I get to spend my life with my best friend, whom I admire and love tremendously.”
13. I love the idea of committing to someone who accepts me for who I am.
“I want to have someone who knows everything about me, and accepts and supports it by my side forever. I’m quite scared of it, especially after seeing my parents marriage but I definitely yearn for that companionship.”
14. Marriage simply makes logical sense.
“Saying, ‘my wife’ is shorter than saying, ‘my girlfriend.'”
15. Life is so much better with a spouse.
“Honestly there’s no aspect of [life] that’s better than being in a relationship. Sex? Better in a relationship. Doing shit together? Better in a relationship (as long as you both like the stuff.) I don’t want to marry just some girl I get along with, but if there is a girl I know I could be happy with for the rest of my life, then why shouldn’t I ask her to marry me?”
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Chairboys away to Crewe in FA Cup
Wanderers have been drawn away to League 1 side Crewe Alexandra in the FA Cup first round.
The two teams last met in April 2011 when a brace from Scott Rendell earned the Chairboys a 2-0 victory at Adams Park.
Wycombe winger Joel Grant will be familiar face to Crewe fans as he enjoyed a three-year spell with the club before moving to Buckinghamshire in 2011.
The tie will be played on the weekend of 3rd/4th November. Ticket details and an exact date will be confirmed in due course.
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ZACH ZAITLIN
Music for Special Events
About Zach
Singing tonight with Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia
I’m honored and excited to be singing TONIGHT with Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia in our debut concert of the season (that would be our 145th season, for the record! Not to brag…) in the stunning space of the Church of the Holy Trinity on Rittenhouse Square.
It’s a concert featuring a moving and exciting range of American music on the theme of water, including music by Leonard Bernstein and Eric Whitacre that is variously soothing, exhilarating, hair-raising, and sublime.
But I think the most exciting music for me is the series of works by Philadephia composer Rollo Dilworth, commissioned by Mendelssohn Club. They span a number of styles, emotions, and textures, but on the whole, they consistently make me smile and want to move! (particularly the more directly gospel-inspired pieces). We’ll be joined by a beautiful children’s choir comprised of kids from all over Philadelphia, as well as a true rhythm section for these ones. Set to the text of a beautiful and profound 1904 speech by W.E.B. Du Bois, Dilworth’s Credo combines our choir’s voices with those of the kids in a way that is truly moving and rousing, and which makes Du Bois’s text seem as relevant and forward-thinking now as ever.
OK, there's still more to this exciting program, but I’m running out of effusive, positive adjectives, so I guess I should stop. But come out and hear us if you can! If you buy tickets online, you can get a 15% discount by using the code “MCSinger2018”.
Happy fall,
Spring Recital Sunday, 6/10, at 1:00 PM
Our spring term piano recital is coming up tomorrow, Sunday, June 10 at 1:00 PM. We'll be sharing music together at Friends' Central School's Shallcross Hall, in Wynnewood, PA. Please invite any and all friends and family! No tickets are required. The recital will be followed by a brief reception.
Philly show Friday, and other updates
Winter really did meet spring in a beautiful way here in Philadelphia yesterday.
Well, a little over 4 months later, I am hereby submitting my second “weekly” blog entry! As some of you know, I often get perfectionistically bogged down in how I’m going to do something (write a blog post, compose a piece, make a sandwich) just right, and, as more time passes and the pressure to do it even righter grows and grows, I often just give up and don’t start.
Well, not this time! I am going to write this damn blog entry, by golly, even if it’s just a semi-stream-of-consciousness bullet-point list. A lot really has been going on in my world here in Philly, and I do want to share it with all of you.
Free show Friday night
First and foremost: I’m playing a show this Friday, 3/23! (Yes, that’s tomorrow -- no, I’m not going to let my perfectionistic shame stop me from writing this for that reason.) I’ll be performing some of my original songs at the intimate Candelit Series in West Philly. This will be my first such show since moving to Philadelphia last August (and, incidentally, my first show in Philly since my Northeast tour back in 2012). As the name implies, this is an intimate series of concerts with...candles! It seemed like the perfect venue for my music, and a perfect way to light a fire under me to brush up some of my songs and get back into performing in this vein.
The show is free/donation, but because space is limited, you need to reserve a ticket through the Eventbrite. Doors open at 7:30 PM, music starts around 8:00 PM. I’m up first, followed by Philly band Black Horse Motel -- I don’t know them personally, but I’m looking forward to hearing ‘em! Check out the Eventbrite page for all the details. There's also a Facebook event if you want to RSVP and share that way.
OK, I’m already rapidly running out of words here in my 700-word-count goal, so here goes a rapid-fire list of recent highlights:
Philadelphia's incredible Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, the perfect venue for Shaw's spacious, haunting music.
Last weekend, I sang with the Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia, doing Beethoven’s 9th Symphony (my first time!) and the world premiere of Caroline Shaw’s Seven Joys. Shaw, who won the Pulitzer Prize a couple years ago at age 30 (the youngest ever), really inspired me with her beautiful music. It’s both tuneful and textural, haunting but sweet. It was simultaneously exciting and slightly discouraging to feel like Shaw was expressing herself musically in ways that I want/wanted to myself.
On that note, in part inspired by Shaw’s piece, I used a competition for church choral music as an opportunity to give myself a clear deadline and concrete parameters for a composition project. Although the version I submitted for that competition was by no means where I’d like it to be in the end, it did give me the impetus to create a complete first draft (which I actually smoothly handed off a copy of to Caroline Shaw, above!), and I feel like it’s close to being truly finished. I’ll be excited to share this 6-ish-minute long a cappella choral work with you all, I hope, someday soon!
On that note, I’ve actually been singing (for money!) in a church choir since December. I’m the lone tenor in the intimate group of singers at Trinity Church Oxford, an Episcopal congregation in Northeast Philadelphia that’s been around since 1698 (no big whoop). It’s a great group of strong, friendly musicians, and, though I was worried at first about sacrificing my Sunday morning sleep-in time, I really relish the opportunity to tackle brand-new music and be part of a community every week. And, not that I’m a diva or anything, but being the only tenor, it’s almost like having a solo all the time! I’ll even have a true solo next week for the special Good Friday evening service --”Behold and see” from Handel’s Messiah. If you’re looking for a good/mournful time, come on out!
Zach Zaitlin Piano Studio is movin' on up.
In January, I semi-impulsively bought a new (to me) piano. It’s a beautiful Yamaha studio upright, the one-time (maybe still?) official rehearsal piano of the Metropolitan Opera. Its touch and sound are just exquisite, IMHO. I’m excited for how this investment in my teaching studio will offer my piano students an even better learning experience, and give me greater inspiration both as a performing pianist and composer. It’s been exciting to have a steadier stream of new students for piano, voice, composition, and music theory lessons over the past few months, and there are still a few slots available. So if you know of anyone looking for music lessons in Philadelphia, the Main Line, or elsewhere, please send them my way!
Speaking of which, this coming Saturday, 3/24, I’ll be hosting my third group class of the year at my West Philadelphia/University City studio. I do four of these classes per year, and it’s an awesome and important added bonus for my students’ course of study. Piano lessons in particular can often be a somewhat lonely venture, so the group classes give students a chance to meet other students, to practice sharing music in a supportive, informal environment, and to do other fun lessons or activities that we don’t usually get to in individual lessons. And they serve as a nice stepping stone toward the slightly more nerves-inducing recitals students benefit from twice per year.
No, this incredibly adorable picture does NOT have anything to do with my having an intern.
Oh, and did I mention I had an intern?! Well, technically, an “extern”. For a week in January, I had a Swarthmore College student named David shadow me in all my exciting work roles and (hopefully) learn a thing or two about being an educator, free-lance musician, and small business owner. He shadowed some of my piano lessons and my chorus classes at Friends’ Central School, helped me pound the pavement to put up piano lesson flyers, soaked up my profound words of wisdom about music and careers, and even took out my massive backlog of cardboard recycling! I find sharing what I’ve learned about teaching and running a business to be really helpful to me in keeping things fresh and keeping me motivated to continue growing in those areas, so it was a really neat experience for me. (I’ll save the stories of the wild antics I experienced during my own externship as a Swarthmore student for another, probably off-internet, time…)
OK, I’m already well over that 700-word limit, even after lots of cutting, but, oh well. Believe it or not, there is more exciting news to share, but I will have to save that for my next blog entry. Till then, happy spring from snowy Philadelphia!
--Zach
Planting musical roots in Philadelphia
Fruits of a recent flyering blitz in Center City, near Rittenhouse Square.
It’s been nearly a decade since I first struck out with the semi-harebrained idea of making my way in life with music at the center. In 2008 I left my hometown of Saco, Maine headed for Portland, Oregon. And in 2012, I drove back across the country to Maine, resettling in that Portland (yes, this has been the source of many a confused conversation!). Although I love Maine for countless reasons, I felt the need to try out life in a big city again, with the greater diversity (and plain quantity) of people and musical opportunities it offers.
So now, ten years and two cats later (Toni Scratchton and Ding-Dong, in case you were wondering), I’ve returned to Philadelphia, where I also lived around my time studying music at Swarthmore College. Though Maine -- and Portland, in particular -- is a truly vibrant and special place for its size, there’s no getting around the fact that it’s a small pool, for better or for worse, and it seemed like the right time to try a bigger one.
Starting at square one in a new town
So, this is essentially my third big move as an independent music professional, working to build up a livelihood and a reputation from square one. I feel like I know a bit more about how to navigate this tricky process, but it’s certainly not easy. For me, it can be an adrenaline-rushing adventure at one moment -- pounding the pavement to put up lesson flyers, an American dreamy-y, scrappy can-do attitude springing my steps -- and a somewhat frustrating one at others.
I’ve already been enjoying some great opportunities to play piano, sing, and teach music, though
I’m putting my skills as a pianist, singer, and educator to work all at once in my new role at Friends’ Central School in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, just across the city line from Philly. I’m glad to continue working in Quaker education -- a tradition I first encountered as an undergraduate at Swarthmore -- and to work with a great group of kids as Associate Director of Vocal Ensembles. And I’m constantly learning from the other dedicated faculty members at FCS.
I’m also honored to serve as a Visiting Instructor in Piano at my alma mater, Swarthmore College. It’s been an exciting challenge to craft engaging and effective courses of study in piano for these bright young adults, most of whom are taking lessons for the first time. I’ve found my experiences with teaching piano and voice to adult beginners and my work as a Spanish teacher to be equally relevant to this work. Music, truly, is a language just like any other, and so the same principles that animate effective language teaching -- providing immersive, appropriately challenging, and personally meaningful experiences with the language -- have also animated my work with these students.
Zach Zaitlin Piano Studio takes West Philly! (do you get the Muppets reference?)
My private teaching studio, located in the University City neighborhood of West Philly, is also off to an exciting start. As fate would have it, I currently have an all-adult studio, including one composition student from Maine who chose to continue lessons with me remotely via video -- a first for me! I’m eager to get to work with more kids and teens as well, though. So, if you know of anyone looking for great instruction in keyboard, voice, composition/songwriting, or music theory in the Philadelphia area, please send them my way! My studio is easily accessible by public transportation, easy for parking, and also a quick drive from many communities in Delaware County and Montgomery County, including the Main Line. Oh, and I offer a free first lesson/interview.
I’m doing other stuff, too
Apart from teaching, I’ve been doing some other fun stuff -- singing in the excellent Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia chorus, doing my best Rocky impression on long runs through the city, enjoying all the Ben Franklin statues, etc. But I’ll have to save that for another time. The internet says good blog posts are 300-700 words long so I must tamp down my verbose proclivities here!
Happy Thanksgiving, all!
Me on the oldest continually inhabited residential block in America, no big whoop.
Hi. This is Zach. Please check here for updates on my life as a musician and piano teacher in Philadelphia, and thoughts/insights into teaching, life in general, etc.
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Tree-cutting stunt could cost seniors their grad ceremony
MARION – School officials said the six students who were caught cutting trees outside a school may not get to walk f...
Tree-cutting stunt could cost seniors their grad ceremony MARION – School officials said the six students who were caught cutting trees outside a school may not get to walk f... Check out this story on zanesvilletimesrecorder.com: http://ohne.ws/1lt7Tpn
Nick Bechtel Published 7:44 a.m. ET May 15, 2014
MARION – School officials said the six students who were caught cutting trees outside a school may not get to walk for graduation.
“When they successfully complete their graduation requirements, they will receive their diploma,” River Valley High School Principal Dave Coleman said. “I don’t see it being possible to earn them in time for graduation.”
He said the students “may need to consider options to get in lost credit.” He suggested taking classes in the summer as an alternative. Superintendent Jim Peterson said the students also have been banned from all school activities, including the Senior Prom last week.
School punishments come in addition to felony charges by the Marion County Prosecutor’s Office. David M. Gifford, Gage T. Stuckman and Brian T. Simmons were all charged with vandalism after cutting down nearly two dozen trees on school property.
Joseph A. Conley, Mitchel L. Hoffman and Nicholas L. D. Warwick were charged with complicity to vandalism.
On Tuesday, Peterson and Coleman met with Marion County Prosecutor Brent Yager and members of the Marion County Sheriff’s Office to discuss how the case would be handled. He said it was his goal not to “strap these young men with felony records.”
Peterson and Coleman said they were “in full agreement” with Yager’s decision.
Coleman, who spent nearly four years with the accused students as an administrator, said they were not troubled kids and did not have a history of bad behavior within the school district. He said he hated the decision they made but still had love for the students.
“We’ve got to deal with that decision that they made,” he said. “It doesn’t change my feelings toward them.”
Two of the students have emailed letters of apology to Coleman, which he has responded to.
“I’ve assured them that my care and love for them has not changed,” he said.
He also received a written letter from a third student. The three letters have been viewed by the administrative office and the River Valley Board of Education.
“All three have said we will accept whatever punishment is given,” Peterson said. “I find that admirable. They’re not fighting it. They know they made a mistake.”
That mistake occurred May 8, when the students cut down 23 trees on the River Valley campus.
Around 12:45 a.m., the students used chainsaws to take down the trees as an alleged senior prank.
Coleman said he spoke to a few of the families after the act was discovered later that morning.
“They are as disappointed as all of us,” he said. “But they’re loving their kids and supporting their kids. That’s what they should do.”
“We have offered support to the families as well,” Peterson added. “They know that we’re not out for a public lynching. But we’re also paid to follow public policy.”
Peterson said damage to the school property was “right around $10,000.”
Coleman said that amount was a far cry from the initial estimates, five times that amount. But community support — Peterson said at least six organizations have come forward to offer assistance — has been plentiful for the school district.
“If we had to professionally replace everything and get the old ones taken care of, I think you could have been close to that,” Coleman said.
The most surprising supporter in the rebuilding project comes from a rival school district.
Lily Johnston, a senior at Pleasant High School, has started a campaign to raise $1,000 to replace a River Valley tree.
“We started out wanting to do a reverse senior prank for our school to donate 23 trees,” Johnston said. “We tried to get that started in our high school, but it was surprisingly controversial due to our rivalry.”
Her second attempt at the fundraiser branched out from her senior class to the entire school district and the Marion County community.
“We’re still in the beginning stages, but I’m hoping to get the community involved,” she said. “There are still people that need help. The school is a part of the community.”
Johnston said there is still some resistance from some of the Pleasant student body because of the rivalry between the county schools, but she hopes to “turn this around and make it” a positive impact for both schools.
“Even though they aren’t our school district, I have friends there,” she said. “It’s not fair that the whole school has to be punished.”
nbechtel@marionstar.com
Twitter: @NickMStar
Read or Share this story: http://ohne.ws/1lt7Tpn
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(Redirected from Ginkgo)
Fossil range: Template:Fossil rangeJurassic - Pliocene[1]
Ginkgo leaves
File:Status iucn2.3 EN.svg
Endangered (IUCN) [2]
Division: Ginkgophyta
Class: Ginkgoopsida
Order: Ginkgoales
Family: Ginkgoaceae
Genus: Ginkgo
Species: G. biloba
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]
The Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba; in Chinese '銀杏', pinyin romanization, yín xìng), frequently misspelled as "Gingko", and also known as the Maidenhair Tree after Adiantum, is a unique tree with no close living relatives. The ginkgo is classified in its own division, the Ginkgophyta, comprising the single class Ginkgoopsida, order Ginkgoales, family Ginkgoaceae, genus Ginkgo and is the only extant species within this group. It is one of the best-known examples of a living fossil, because Ginkgoales are not known from the fossil record after the Pliocene.[1][3]
For centuries it was thought to be extinct in the wild, but is now known to grow in at least two small areas in Zhejiang province in Eastern China, in the Tian Mu Shan Reserve. However, recent studies indicate high genetic uniformity among ginkgo trees from these areas, arguing against a natural origin of these populations. Therefore, it has been suggested that the ginkgo trees in these areas appear to have been planted and preserved by Chinese monks over a period of about 1000 years. [4] Whether native ginkgo populations still exist has not been demonstrated unequivocally and is therefore uncertain.
The relationship of Ginkgo to other plant groups remains uncertain. It has been placed loosely in the divisions Spermatophyta and Pinophyta, but no consensus has been reached. Since Ginkgo seeds are not protected by an ovary wall, it can morphologically be considered a gymnosperm. The apricot-like structures produced by female ginkgo trees are technically not fruits, but are the seeds having a shell that consists of a soft and fleshy section (the sarcotesta), and a hard section (the sclerotesta).
Ginkgos are very large trees, normally reaching a height of 20–35 m (66-115 feet), with some specimens in China being over 50 m (164 feet). The tree has an angular crown and long, somewhat erratic branches, and is usually deep rooted and resistant to wind and snow damage. Young trees are often tall and slender, and sparsely branched; the crown becomes broader as the tree ages. During autumn, the leaves turn a bright yellow, then fall, sometimes within a short space of time (1–15 days). A combination of resistance to disease, insect-resistant wood and the ability to form aerial roots and sprouts makes ginkgos very long-lived, with some specimens claimed to be more than 2,500 years old: A 3,000 year-old ginkgo has been reported in Shandong province in China.[5]
Some old Ginkgos produce aerial roots, known as chi chi (Japanese; "nipples") or zhong-ru (Mandarin Chinese), which form on the undersides of large branches and grow downwards. Chi chi growth is very slow, and may take hundreds of years to occur. The function, if any, of these thick aerial roots is unknown.
Ginkgo branches grow in length by growth of shoots with regularly spaced leaves, as seen on most trees. From the axils of these leaves, "spur shoots" (also known as short shoots) develop on second-year growth. Short shoots have very short internodes (so that several years' growth may only extend them by a centimeter or two) and their leaves are ordinarily unlobed. They are short and knobby, and are arranged regularly on the branches except on first-year growth. Because of the short internodes, leaves appear to be clustered at the tips of short shoots, and reproductive structures are formed only on them (see picture to above left— seeds and leaves are visible on short shoots). In Ginkgos, as in other plants that possess them, short shoots allow the formation of new leaves in the older parts of the crown. After a number of years, a short shoot may change into a long (ordinary) shoot, or vice versa.
The leaves are unique among seed plants, being fan-shaped with veins radiating out into the leaf blade, sometimes bifurcating (splitting) but never anastomosing to form a network.[6] Two veins enter the leaf blade at the base and fork repeatedly in two; this is known as dichotomous venation. The leaves are usually 5-10 cm (2-4 inches), but sometimes up to 15 cm (6 inches) long. The old popular name "Maidenhair tree" is because the leaves resemble some of the pinnae of the Maidenhair fern Adiantum capillus-veneris.
Leaves of long shoots are usually notched or lobed, but only from the outer surface, between the veins. They are borne both on the more rapidly-growing branch tips, where they are alternate and spaced out, and also on the short, stubby spur shoots, where they are clustered at the tips.
Ginkgos are dioecious, with separate sexes, some trees being female and others being male. Male plants produce small pollen cones with sporophylls each bearing two microsporangia spirally arranged around a central axis.
Female plants do not produce cones. Two ovules are formed at the end of a stalk, and after pollination, one or both develop into seeds. The seed is 1.5-2 cm long. Its fleshy outer layer (the sarcotesta) is light yellow-brown, soft, and fruit-like. It is attractive in appearance, but contains butanoic acid and smells like rancid butter (which contains the same chemical) or feces[7] when fallen. Beneath the sarcotesta is the hard sclerotesta (what is normally known as the "shell" of the seed) and a papery endotesta, with the nucellus surrounding the female gametophyte at the center.[8]
The fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs via motile sperm, as in cycads, ferns, mosses and algae. The sperm are large (about 250-300 micrometres) and are similar to the sperm of cycads, which are slightly larger. Ginkgo sperm were first discovered by the Japanese botanist Sakugoro Hirase in 1896.[9] The sperm have a complex multi-layered structure, which is a continuous belt of basal bodies that form the base of several thousand flagella which actually have a cilia-like motion. The flagella/cilia apparatus pulls the body of the sperm forwards. The sperm have only a tiny distance to travel to the archegonia, of which there are usually two or three. Two sperm are produced, one of which successfully fertilizes the ovule. Although it is widely held that fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs just before or after they fall in early autumn,[6] [8] [10] embryos ordinarily occur in seeds just before and after they drop from the tree.[11]
Distribution and habitat
Although Ginkgo biloba and other species of the genus were once widespread throughout the world, the tree currently occurs in the wild only in the northwest of Zhejiang province in the Tianmu Shan mountain reserve in eastern China, but even its status as a naturally occurring species there is questionable. In other areas of China it has been long cultivated and it is common in the southern third of the country.[12] It has also been commonly cultivated in North America for over 200 years, but during that time it has never become significantly naturalised.[13]
Where it occurs in the wild it is found infrequently in deciduous forests and valleys on acidic loess (i.e. fine, silty soil) with good drainage. The soil it inhabits is typically in the pH range of 5 to 5.5.[12]
Taxonomy and naming
The species was initially described by the father of taxonomy Linnaeus in 1771, the specific epithet biloba derived from the Latin bis 'two' and loba 'lobed', referring to the shape of the leaves.[14]
The older Chinese name for this plant is 银果 yínguo ('silver fruit'). The most usual names today are 白果 bái guǒ ('white fruit') and 銀杏 yínxìng ('silver apricot'). The former name was borrowed directly in Vietnamese (as bạch quả). The latter name was borrowed in Japanese (as ぎんなん "ginnan") and Korean (as 은행 "eunhaeng"), when the tree itself was introduced from China.
The scientific name Ginkgo appears to be due to a process akin to folk etymology. Chinese characters typically have multiple pronunciations in Japanese, and the characters 銀杏 used for ginnan can also be mistakenly pronounced ginkyō. Engelbert Kaempfer, the first Westerner to see the species in 1690, wrote down this incorrect pronunciation in his Amoenitates Exoticae (1712); his y was misread as a g, and the misspelling stuck.[15]
The Ginkgo is a living fossil, with fossils recognisably related to modern Ginkgo from the Permian, dating back 270 million years. They diversified and spread throughout Laurasia during the middle Jurassic and Cretaceous, but became much rarer thereafter. By the Paleocene, Ginkgo adiantoides was the only Ginkgo species left in the Northern Hemisphere (but see below) with a markedly different (but not well-documented) form persisting in the Southern Hemisphere, and at the end of the Pliocene Ginkgo fossils disappeared from the fossil record everywhere apart from a small area of central China where the modern species survived. It is in fact doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished; given the slow pace of evolution in the genus, there may have been only 2 in total; what is today called G. biloba (including G. adiantoides), and G. gardneri from the Paleocene of Scotland.
At least morphologically, G. gardneri and the Southern Hemisphere species are the only known post-Jurassic taxa that can be unequivocally recognised, the remainder may just as well have simply been ecotypes or subspecies. The implications would be that G. biloba had occurred over an extremely wide range, had remarkable genetic flexibility and though evolving genetically never showed much speciation. The occurrence of G. gardneri, it seems a Caledonian mountain endemic, and the somewhat greater diversity on the Southern Hemisphere, suggests that old mountain ranges on the Northern Hemisphere could hold other, presently undiscovered, fossil Ginkgo species. Since the distribution of Ginkgo was already relictual in late prehistoric times, the chances that ancient DNA from subfossils can shed any light on this problem seem remote. While it may seem improbable that a species may exist as a contiguous entity for many millions of years, many of the Ginkgo's life-history parameters fit. These are: extreme longevity; slow reproduction rate; (in Cenozoic and later times) a wide, apparently contiguous, but steadily contracting distribution coupled with, as far as can be demonstrated from the fossil record, extreme ecological conservatism (being restricted to light soils around rivers); and a low population density.
Ginkgo has been used for classifying plants with leaves that have more than four veins per segment, while Baiera for those with less than four veins per segment. Sphenobaiera has been used to classify plants with a broadly wedge-shaped leaf that lacks a distinct leaf stem. Trichopitys is distinguished by having multiple-forked leaves with cylindrical (not flattened) thread-like ultimate divisions; it is one of the earliest fossils ascribed to the Ginkgophyta.
Cultivation and uses
Ginkgo has long been cultivated in China; some planted trees at temples are believed to be over 1,500 years old. The first record of Europeans encountering it is in 1690 in Japanese temple gardens, where the tree was seen by the German botanist Engelbert Kaempfer. Because of its status in Buddhism and Confucianism, the Ginkgo is also widely planted in Korea and parts of Japan; in both areas, some naturalization has occurred, with Ginkgos seeding into natural forests.
In some areas, most intentionally planted Ginkgos are male cultivars grafted onto plants propagated from seed, because the male trees will not produce the malodorous seeds. The popular cultivar 'Autumn Gold' is a clone of a male plant.
Ginkgos adapt well to the urban environment, tolerating pollution and confined soil spaces.[16] They rarely suffer disease problems, even in urban conditions, and are attacked by few insects.[17][18] For this reason, and for their general beauty, ginkgos are excellent urban and shade trees, and are widely planted along many streets. The ginkgo is the official tree of the city of Kumamoto, and two leaves form the symbol of the University of Tokyo, the main campus of which is famous for its numerous ginkgos.
Ginkgos are also popular subjects for growing as penjing and bonsai; they can be kept artificially small and tended over centuries. Furthermore, the trees are easy to propagate from seed.
Extreme examples of the Ginkgo's tenacity may be seen in Hiroshima, Japan, where four trees growing between 1–2 km from the 1945 atom bomb explosion were among the few living things in the area to survive the blast (photos & details). While almost all other plants (and animals) in the area were destroyed, the ginkgos, though charred, survived and were soon healthy again. The trees are alive to this day.
Culinary use
The nut-like gametophytes inside the seeds are particularly esteemed in Asia, and are a traditional Chinese food. Ginkgo nuts are used in congee, and are often served at special occasions such as weddings and the Chinese New Year (as part of the vegetarian dish called Buddha's delight). In Chinese culture, they are believed to have health benefits; some also consider them to have aphrodisiac qualities. Japanese cooks add Ginkgo seeds (called ginnan) to dishes such as chawanmushi, and cooked seeds are often eaten along with other dishes. The seeds are available canned, sold as "White Nuts", and can be found in many Asian food stores in the West.
When eaten by children, in large quantities (over 5 seeds a day), or over a long period of time, the raw gametophyte (meat) of the seed can cause poisoning by MPN (4-methoxypyridoxine). MPN is heat-stable. Studies have demonstrated that convulsions caused by MPN can be prevented or terminated with pyridoxine.
Some people are sensitive to the chemicals in the sarcotesta, the outer fleshy coating. These people should handle the seeds with care when preparing the seeds for consumption, wearing disposable gloves. The symptoms are dermatitis or blisters similar to that caused by contact with poison-ivy. However, seeds with the fleshy coating removed are perfectly safe to handle.
The extract of the Ginkgo leaves contains flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalides) and has been used pharmaceutically. It has many alleged nootropic properties, and is mainly used as memory[19] and concentration enhancer, and anti-vertigo agent. However, studies differ about its efficacy. Some controversy has arisen over the conclusions drawn by some studies that were allegedly funded by a firm which marketed Ginkgo. Slate, an Internet-based magazine owned by The Washington Post Company, reported in April 2007:
In 2002, a long-anticipated paper appeared in JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) titled "Ginkgo for memory enhancement: a randomized controlled trial." This Williams College study, sponsored by the National Institute on Aging rather than Schwabe, examined the effects of ginkgo consumption on healthy volunteers older than 60. The conclusion, now cited in the National Institutes of Health's ginkgo fact sheet, said: "When taken following the manufacturer's instructions, ginkgo provides no measurable benefit in memory or related cognitive function to adults with healthy cognitive function."
Out of the many conflicting research results, Ginkgo extract may have three effects on the human body: improvement in blood flow (including microcirculation in small capillaries) to most tissues and organs; protection against oxidative cell damage from free radicals; and blockage of many of the effects of platelet-activating factor (platelet aggregation, blood clotting)[20] that have been related to the development of a number of cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and CNS (Central Nervous System) disorders. Ginkgo can be used for intermittent claudication.
According to some studies, in a few cases, Ginkgo can significantly improve attention in healthy individuals[21][22]. The effect is almost immediate and reaches its peak in 2.5 hours after the intake[23].
A 2004 conference paper[24] summarizes how various trials indicate that Ginkgo shows promise in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, though a 2008 study found it ineffective at treating dementia.[25]
There have been studies [3] which suggest there may be a link between ginkgo and the easing of the symptoms of tinnitus.
Ginkgo is commonly added to energy drinks, but the amount is typically so low it does not produce a noticeable effect, except perhaps via a placebo effect from Ginkgo being listed on the label.
Ginkgo supplements are usually taken in the range of 40–200 mg per day.
Ginkgo may have some undesirable effects, especially for individuals with blood circulation disorders and those taking anticoagulants such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or warfarin, although recent studies have found that ginkgo has little or no effect on the anticoagulant properties or pharmacodynamics of warfarin[26][27]. Ginkgo should also not be used by people who are taking certain types of antidepressants (MAOIs and SSRIs[28][29]) or by pregnant women without first consulting a doctor.
Ginkgo side effects and cautions include: possible increased risk of bleeding, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, and restlessness. [30][29] If any side effects are experienced, consumption should be stopped immediately.
List of edible seeds
↑ 1.0 1.1 Zhiyan Zhou and Shaolin Zheng (2003-06-19). "Palaeobiology: The missing link in Ginkgo evolution". Nature. 423 (423): 821–822. doi:10.1038/423821a.
↑ Listed as Endangered (EN B1+2c v2.3)
↑ Julie Jalalpour, Matt Malkin, Peter Poon, Liz Rehrmann, Jerry Yu (1997). "Ginkgoales: Fossil Record" (HTML). University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2008-06-03. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ L Shen, X-Y Chen, X Zhang, Y-Y Li, C-X Fu, Y-X Qiu (2005). "Genetic variation of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) based on cpDNA PCR-RFLPs: inference of glacial refugia". Heridity. 94: 396–401. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ A. Lewington & E. Parker (1999). Ancient Trees. London: Collins & Brown Ltd. ISBN 1-85585-704-9. p. 183.
↑ 6.0 6.1 Ginkgoales: More on Morphology
↑ Solomon, et al. "Biology" p.523 ISBN 0534492762
↑ 8.0 8.1 Laboratory IX -- Ginkgo, Cordaites, and the Conifers
↑ History of Discovery of Spermatozoids In Ginkgo biloba and Cycas revoluta
↑ Brief Notes on Ginkgo biloba
↑ Ben F. Holt, Gar W. Rothwell. Is Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) Really an Oviparous Plant? American Journal of Botany, Vol. 84, No. 6 (Jun., 1997) , pp. 870-872
↑ 12.0 12.1 Fu, Liguo; Li, Nan; Mill, Robert R. (1999), "Ginkgo biloba", in Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P.H.; Hong, D.Y., Flora of China, 4, Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, p. 8, retrieved 2008-03-31 Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
↑ Whetstone, R. David (2006), "Ginkgo biloba", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+, Flora of North America, 2, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press
↑ Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
↑ Faculty of languages and cultures, Kyushu University Japan
↑ Gilman, Edward F. and Dennis G. Watson (1993). "Ginkgo biloba 'Autumn Gold'" (PDF). US Forest Service. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
↑ Boland, Timothy, Laura E. Coit, Marty Hair (2002). Michigan Gardener's Guide. Cool Springs Press. ISBN 1930604203. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "Examples of Plants with Insect and Disease Tolerance". SULIS - Sustainable Urban Landscape Information Series. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
↑ Mahadevan S, Park Y. (2008). "Multifaceted therapeutic benefits of Ginkgo biloba L.: chemistry, efficacy, safety, and uses". J Food Sci. 1 (14–9): 73. PMID 18211362.
↑ Smith PF, Maclennan K, Darlington CL (1996). "The neuroprotective properties of the Ginkgo biloba leaf: a review of the possible relationship to platelet-activating factor (PAF)". Journal of ethnopharmacology. 50 (3): 131–9. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(96)01379-7. PMID 8691847. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Elsabagh S, Hartley DE, Ali O, Williamson EM, File Se (2005 May). "Differential cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba after acute and chronic treatment in healthy young volunteers". Psychopharmacology (Berl). 179 (2): 437–446. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2206-6. PMID 15739076. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ BBC News: Herbal remedies "boost brain power".[1]
↑ Dose-dependent cognitive effects of acute administration of Ginkgo biloba to healthy young volunteers.
↑ L. Witkam and I. Ramzan (2004). "Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A miracle cure?". From Cell to Society. full text pdf Conference page.
↑ "Ginkgo 'does not treat dementia'". BBC News. June 16, 2008. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Xuemin Jiang; et al. (2005). "Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 59 (4): 425&ndash, 432. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x. Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
↑ Ernst E, Canter PH, Coon JT (2005). "Does ginkgo biloba increase the risk of bleeding? A systematic review of case reports". Perfusion. 18: 52&ndash, 56. Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)". National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
↑ 29.0 29.1 "Ginkgo biloba". University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
↑ Complete Ginkgo information from Drugs.com
The Ginkgo Pages: all aspects, in English, German, French, Spanish and Dutch. This non-commercial homepage also provides a literature/reference page.
Gymnosperm Database
Info by the University of California Museum of Paleontology
Phytochemicals in ginkgo
The Ginkgo Museum, Weimar, Germany
Growing Ginkgoes from seed: by the Ottawa Horticultural Society
Neuroscience for kids: Refers to JAMA studies on efficacy
Ginkgo biloba images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction
Ginkgo biloba Large format diagnostic photos, information.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Ginkgo_biloba&oldid=1088162"
Pages with citations using unsupported parameters
CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.
This page was last edited 23:19, 15 April 2015 by Gerald Chi. Based on work by charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com, Katherine Ogando and Alexandra Almonacid and wikidoc user WikiBot.
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What is Nondestructive Testing?
Nondestructive testing is a form of materials testing used when the materials being examined cannot be destroyed in the process of testing. This type of testing is used when permanently changing the material during testing is not an option for any number of reasons from safety to expense. In some cases, it may reveal the need for more thorough testing methods, some of which could cause permanent alteration or damage. Turning to nondestructive testing first can save money and increase efficiency on a project.
In nondestructive testing, a large array of techniques are available for evaluating a material without changing it. Imaging studies are a common technique. X-ray and other imaging methods allow people to look inside a material for issues like cracks and flaws without causing any damage. Ultrasound is another popular technique for both imaging and stress testing, as changes in the sound waves can reveal changes in the integrity of the object being tested, highlighting issues like bubbles and fractures inside the material.
People can also use techniques like covering something in a penetrant and then imaging it. If the material is sound, the penetrant will lie on the surface. If there are cracks, holes, and other issues, it can seep inside, spreading through the material. This will not endanger the substance, and the penetrant can be easily removed after testing. Nondestructive testing also includes standard activities like weighing and measuring the material, collecting information about how light refracts off it, and using chemical sniffing to learn more about its composition.
At the conclusion of nondestructive testing, a detailed report will be generated to provide information about the material being studied. This report can be used for anything from forensic testimony in court about the circumstances of an accident to supporting documentation for a manufacturer's patent application for a newly developed material. The documentation will discuss any flaws or shortcomings in the testing so someone evaluating the results of the test can identify areas of concern.
Numerous firms offer nondestructive testing of materials, for fees that vary, depending on the nature of the material and how much testing is required. Some companies perform their own testing in-house first and may start with nondestructive methods to collect basic information without needing to destroy the objects they are testing. Generally, people who plan to use nondestructive test results to support applications for government approval, cases in court, or other legal matters will need testing performed by a non-biased third party.
How Do I Choose the Best Ultrasonic Tester?
What Is a Nondestructive Evaluation?
What Is a Videoscope?
What is Radiographic Testing?
What is Destructive Testing?
What is Ultrasonic Testing?
What is Integration Testing?
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About the Abbey / History / Royal tombs
Westminster Abbey is the final resting place of 30 kings and queens starting with King Edward the Confessor himself whose magnificent shrine stands just behind the High Altar. Another five monarchs, including Henry III who built the church you see today, surround him.
Tomb of St Edward the Confessor
Effigy of Henry III
When Henry V died in 1422 he was buried near to St Edward and above his tomb was built a chantry chapel in which Holy Communion is still celebrated every year on 25th October, St Crispin’s Day, the anniversary of his famous battle at Agincourt. From 1503 Henry VII lavished huge sums on a chapel just east of Henry V. Dedicated to the Virgin Mary it is the last great masterpiece of English medieval architecture. Its spectacular fan vaulted ceiling and the King's imposing tomb continue to inspire awe and wonder 500 years on.
Henry V's Chantry Chapel
By comparison, Queen Mary II and her husband King William III are buried in a vault in the Lady Chapel and their only memorial is a simple stone tile in the floor of the chapel's south aisle. In the chapel’s north aisle the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I is buried with her half-sister the Catholic Queen Mary I in an imposing tomb. Beside their tomb is the inscription:
"Remember before God all those who divided at the Reformation by different convictions laid down their lives for Christ and conscience sake."
The Lady Chapel
Visit our Royalty page to see a full list of Royal tombs at Westminster Abbey
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About the Abbey / History / War damage
On the outbreak of the second world war in 1939 many of the Abbey's treasures were evacuated for safety to country houses, such as Mentmore.
These included the 13th century Retable (altarpiece), tapestries, gilt bronze and oak tomb effigies, manuscripts, misericords, and statues and gates from the Lady Chapel. The bronze grille from Henry VII's tomb was also removed. The small numbers stamped on the grille to enable it to be rebuilt afterwards can still be seen. Some of the stained glass windows were boarded over but quite a lot of glass was blown out by blast, especially in 1940.
About 60,000 sandbags were used to protect immoveable royal and medieval tombs. The Coronation Chair was sent for safety to Gloucester Cathedral and the Coronation Stone was buried secretly within the Abbey. The collection of wax funeral effigies was stored in Piccadilly tube station. The Pyx Chamber was used as the Abbey ARP [Air Raid Precautions] headquarters, College Hall and the gallery in the Library were used by the team of fire watchers and the Museum in the Undercroft was made ready as a dressing station and dispensary. An air raid shelter was available for the Abbey clergy in College Garden. The crypt of the Chapter House was also used as a shelter by staff and the decontamination squad. The choirboys were evacuated but later on in the war a choir was formed with local boys and men singing on weekdays, Sundays and at special services.
The worst air raid at the Abbey was on the night of 10th/11th May 1941. Clusters of incendiaries (fire bombs rather than high explosives) fell on the roof of the Abbey and in the precincts. Most were quickly put out by the fire watchers and volunteers but one on the lantern roof (illustrated below), in the centre part of the Abbey, burned through the lead and lodged in a beam and could not easily be reached. By this time water supplies were very low. Flames shot up 40 feet into the sky. Luckily the burning timbers and molten lead fell into the mostly open area below (where monarchs are enthroned at a coronation) and the fire was more easily extinguished. The medieval Cosmati pavement and tombs in this area had been boarded over earlier in the war so were undamaged. Lead splattered on the pulpit and choir stalls.
On this night the Deanery and Cheyneygates was gutted by fire but the Jerusalem Chamber, Jericho Parlour and College Hall escaped. Westminster School Hall and the School Dormitory, and numbers 3, 6 and 7 Little Cloister [clergy houses] were also destroyed (illustrated below). Other houses and the Library roof sustained damage. Services continued throughout the war with the nave altar being used after the May raid.
On VE (Victory in Europe) Day, 8th May 1945, short services of thanksgiving were held every hour in the Abbey from 9.00am to 10.00pm. An estimated 25,000 people attended during the day, with the Lord Chancellor and House of Lords attending at 3.00pm (the House of Commons went to St Margaret's Westminster). A service was also held on the following Sunday, 13th May, when the standards of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa were laid on the High Altar to symbolize the loyalty of the whole Empire during the war. Services to celebrate VJ (Victory over Japan) Day were held on 15th and 16th August 1945 with great crowds attending.
View the VE Day 1945 Order of Service
View the 1985 Commemoration Order of Service
"The Abbey in wartime" article in the Westminster Abbey Review Summer 2019
The Shrine of St Edward the Confessor is one of the most powerful features of the Abbey. To stand in the presence of a man who is both a saint and a monarch is awe-inspiring.
The Reverend Christopher Stoltz - Minor Canon
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President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate Personnel to Key Administration Posts
Issued on: September 2, 2017
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President Donald J. Trump today announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to key positions in his Administration:
James Thomas Abbott of Virginia to be a Member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority for the remainder of a five-year term expiring July 1, 2020. Mr. Abbott has served as Chief Counsel to the Federal Labor Relations Authority since 2007, currently with Acting Chairman Patrick Pizzella and previously with Chairman Dale Cabaniss and Member Thomas Beck. Prior to his appointment to the Authority, Mr. Abbott served as Deputy General Counsel for the Congressional Office of Compliance, from 2004 to 2007. Earlier in his career, Mr. Abbott served as the Senior Associate District Counsel for Personnel and Ethics at the Defense Contract Management Agency; Chief Counsel at Corpus Christi Army Depot, U.S. Army Materiel Command; and Senior Labor Counsel at the HQ Depot Systems Command, U.S. Army Materiel Command. Mr. Abbott received his J.D. from Temple University Beasley School of Law in Philadelphia, and was a Magna Cum Laude graduate of Malone University.
Larry Edward Andre Jr. of Texas to be Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Djibouti. Mr. André, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1990. He is currently the United States Ambassador to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Previously a two-time Deputy Chief of Mission with appointments to nine American missions abroad, mostly in Africa, Mr. André has held senior policy positions at the State Department in Washington. His excellent leadership skills and experience working closely with the U.S. military provide him expertise on the challenges and opportunities of the Horn-of-Africa region and deep understanding of the context of United States policy goals there. Mr. André earned a B.A. at Claremont McKenna College and an M.B.A. at American Graduate School of International Management.
Robert Behler of Pennsylvania to be Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, Department of Defense. Mr. Behler most recently served as Chief Operating Officer and Deputy Director for Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute, where he worked to advance software engineering and cybersecurity to solve national cyber challenges through focused research, development, and transition to the broader software engineering community. Previously he served as President and Chief Operation Officer of SRC, Inc. and as Senior Vice President and General Manager at MITRE Corporation and the Business Area Executive of Precision Engagement at John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Mr. Behler was formerly Commanding General at the Air Force Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center as well as the Deputy Commander at Joint Headquarters North, NATO. He is a U.S. Air Force retired Major General, and the recipient of various Distinguished Service Medals. He is a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, a National Security Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, and holds an M.B.A. from Marymount University, and an M.S. in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Oklahoma.
James Bridenstine of Oklahoma to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Mr. Bridenstine was elected in 2012 to represent Oklahoma’s First Congressional District. He serves on the House Armed Services Committee and the Science, Space and Technology Committee. Mr. Bridenstine began his Naval aviation career flying the E-2C Hawkeye off the USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier. It was there that he flew combat missions in Iraq and Afghanistan. While on active duty, he transitioned to the F-18 Hornet and flew as an “aggressor” at the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center. After leaving active duty, Mr. Bridenstine returned to Tulsa, Oklahoma to be the Executive Director of the Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium and flew counter-drug missions in Central and South America in the Navy Reserve. He holds a triple major from Rice University and an M.B.A. from Cornell University. Mr. Bridenstine is currently a member of the 137th Special Operations Wing of the Oklahoma Air National Guard.
Thomas L. Carter of South Carolina to be the Representative of the United States on the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization with the Rank of Ambassador during his tenure of service. Mr. Carter, a former military and commercial pilot, retired from the U.S. Air Force Reserve in 2009 with the rank of Major General after a 34-year career. He flew 12 years for USAirways and attained B737 Captain status. Mr. Carter served as Vice President for Government Relations at Elbit Systems of America, Arlington, Virginia (2009-2015) and President of Commonwealth Consulting Corporation, Arlington, Virginia (2005-2009). He was Senior Counselor to the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) for Legislative Affairs in Baghdad, Iraq (2003-2004) and served as Assistant to the Chairman for Government Affairs of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board in Washington, D.C. Mr. Carter’s earlier government service included positions as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense and a staffer for the Senate Republican Leader, Bob Dole. He earned a B.S. from the University of Memphis and a MA from Georgetown University.
John C. Demers of Virginia to be an Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division, at the Department of Justice. Mr. Demers is Vice President and Assistant General Counsel at The Boeing Company. He has held several senior positions at the company including in Boeing Defense, Space, and Security and as lead lawyer and head of international government affairs for Boeing International. From 2006 to 2009, Mr. Demers served on the first leadership team of the National Security Division, first as Senior Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General and then as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Law & Policy. Before that, he served in the Office of Legal Counsel. For the past eight years, he has taught national security law as an adjunct professor at the Georgetown University Law Center. Mr. Demers worked in private practice in Boston and clerked for Associate Justice Antonin Scalia of the U.S. Supreme Court and Judge Diarmuid O’Scannlain of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He graduated from Harvard Law School and the College of the Holy Cross.
Nina Maria Fite of Pennsylvania to be Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Angola. Ms. Fite, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1990. She is currently Principal Officer at the U.S. Consulate General in Montreal, Canada, a position she has held since 2014. Ms. Fite is known for her leadership skills, knowledge of Angola, and strong record promoting United States trade and foreign direct investment, including as a negotiator in the office of the U.S. Trade Representative. She has served at seven United States Missions overseas and in senior leadership positions at the Department of State. Ms. Fite earned an M.S. at the National Defense University, an M.B.A. at Thunderbird School of Global Management and a B.Arch. at Carnegie-Mellon University. She speaks Portuguese, French, Spanish, and Hungarian.
Daniel Lewis Foote of New York to be Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Zambia. Mr. Foote, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1998. He is currently a Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs at the Department of State. A two-time Deputy Chief of Mission overseas, Mr. Foote has held diverse senior foreign policy positions at home and abroad and is known for his leadership acumen, judgment, and management of several of the United States Government’s largest overseas programs in some of the world’s most challenging, high-threat environments. Mr. Foote earned a B.A. from Columbia University. He speaks Spanish.
Timothy Gallaudet of California to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. Dr. Gallaudet is a Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy whose most recent assignment was Oceanographer of the Navy and Commander of the Navy Meteorology and Oceanography Command. During his 32 years of service, Dr. Gallaudet has had experience in weather and ocean forecasting, hydrographic surveying, developing policy and plans to counter illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing, and assessing the national security impacts of climate change. Dr. Gallaudet has led teams of Navy Sailors and civilians performing such diverse functions as overseeing aircraft carrier combat operations, planning and conducting humanitarian assistance and disaster response efforts, assisting Navy SEAL Teams during high visibility counter-terrorism operations, and developing the Navy’s annual $52 billion information technology, cyber security, and intelligence budget. Dr. Gallaudet holds a bachelor’s degree from the U.S. Naval Academy and master’s and doctoral degrees from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, all in oceanography.
Mark L. Greenblatt of Maryland to be Inspector General for the Export-Import Bank. Mr. Greenblatt has been serving as the Assistant Inspector General for Investigations at the Department of Commerce since 2016. He was previously Director of Special Investigations and then the Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Compliance and Ethics at the Department of Commerce Office of Inspector General (OIG) from 2014 to 2016. Prior to serving in the Commerce OIG, Mr. Greenblatt was an investigative counsel at the Department of Justice OIG. Prior to joining DOJ, Mr. Greenblatt was Minority Staff Director and Chief Counsel for the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. Earlier in his career, Mr. Greenblatt served as a law clerk to U.S. District Court Judge Anita Brody and then worked as a litigator in New York City. Mr. Greenblatt received his law degree from Columbia University, where he was a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar, and received an A.B., with distinction, from Duke University.
Richard Grenell of California to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Federal Republic of Germany. Mr. Grenell, a foreign policy writer and commentator, founded the international consulting firm Capitol Media Partners in 2010. For nearly two decades, he has served as the primary communications adviser for public officials at the local, state, Federal, and international levels, as well as for a Fortune 200 ranked company. Mr. Grenell is the longest serving United States spokesman at the United Nations (2001-2008) having served four United States Ambassadors. He earned a B.A. from Evangel University and an MPA from Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.
Gregory Ibach of Nebraska to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs. Mr. Ibach earned his B.S. in Agriculture from the University of Nebraska with majors in Animal Science and Agricultural Economics. Mr. Ibach has been a visionary leader for Nebraska’s agriculture effectively supervising Departmental staff and programs, with the ability to analyze issues, develop strategies, and create solutions for domestic and global initiatives. Mr. Ibach has oversight of Nebraska’s plant and animal heath regulatory functions. He has been actively involved in foreign and domestic marketing and development activities. Mr. Ibach has been inducted into the Nebraska Hall of Agricultural Achievement and honored with the Service to Agriculture Recognition from the University of Nebraska- Lincoln, College of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, among other honors. Mr. Ibach is the immediate past President of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. Mr. Ibach and his wife, Teresa, have three grown children and live on their farm and ranch in Sumner, Nebraska.
Robert Jackson of New York to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the remainder of a 5-year term expiring June 5, 2019. Mr. Jackson is a Professor at Columbia Law School and Director of its Program on Corporate Law and Policy. Mr. Jackson’s academic work focuses on corporate governance and the use of advanced data science techniques to improve transparency in securities markets. His career has spanned the public and private sectors. Mr. Jackson served as a senior advisor at the Department of the Treasury during the financial crisis, assisting Kenneth Feinberg in his work as Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation, and previously worked as a lawyer in private practice. Mr. Jackson holds two bachelor’s degrees from the University of Pennsylvania, an M.B.A. in Finance from the Wharton School of Business, a master’s degree from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, and a law degree from Harvard Law School. Born in the Bronx, New York, Mr. Jackson currently lives in New York City.
Kenneth I. Juster of New York to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of India. Mr. Juster most recently served as the Deputy Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs and Deputy Director of the National Economic Council. Mr. Juster has previously served as Under Secretary of Commerce from 2001-2005, Counselor (acting) of the State Department from 1992-1993, and deputy and senior adviser to the Deputy Secretary of State from 1989-1992. In the private sector, he has been a partner at the investment firm Warburg Pincus LLC, Executive Vice President at Salesforce.com, and senior partner at the law firm Arnold & Porter. He has also served as Chairman of Harvard University’s Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, and as Vice Chairman of The Asia Foundation. Mr. Juster holds an A.B. in Government (Phi Beta Kappa) from Harvard College, an M.P.P. from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a J.D. from the Harvard Law School.
Colleen Kiko of North Dakota to be a Member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority, for a term of five years beginning July 30, 2017 and, upon confirmation, designated chair. Ms. Kiko was born and raised in North Dakota. She currently serves as a Judge of the Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board in the Department of Labor. Ms. Kiko has a long history with the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA). She worked in its predecessor agency and, when the FLRA opened its doors on January 1, 1979, Ms. Kiko began work in the Washington Regional Office investigating unfair labor practices. She ultimately moved into positions within the headquarters of the FLRA. In 2005, she returned to serve as General Counsel of the FLRA. Ms. Kiko has served in the Justice Department in various capacities, as an associate counsel to the House Judiciary Committee, and in the private practice of law. She holds a J.D. from Antonin Scalia Law School and a B.S. degree from North Dakota State University. Ms. Kiko lives in Virginia with her husband, Phil. They have four children and four grandchildren.
W. Robert Kohorst of California to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Croatia. Mr. Kohorst, President and founder of Everest Properties in Pasadena, California, is a prominent American businessman with expertise in law, real estate and finance. His company is a large commercial enterprise that purchases and operates apartment, self-storage and retail properties throughout the United States. Mr. Kohorst has contributed to public service organizations and educational institutions as director and chairman of the Young Presidents’ Organization (San Gabriel Valley Chapter), Regent of Loyola Marymount University, Trustee of La Salle High School in Pasadena, and President of the San Gabriel Valley Council, Boy Scouts of America in Los Angeles. He earned a J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School and a B.S. from the University of Dayton.
Matthew Z. Leopold of Florida to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, General Counsel. Mr. Leopold is a lawyer in Tallahassee, Florida with the law firm of Carlton Fields. He is the former General Counsel of the Florida Department of Environment Protection and a former attorney at the U.S. Department of Justice, Environment and Natural Resources Division. He has 10 years of combined Federal and State government experience. Mr. Leopold’s practice focuses exclusively on environment law, policy, and litigation. He has represented the State and Federal governments on complex environmental litigation, including Florida v. Georgia, an original action in the United States Supreme Court, and United States v. BP Exploration and Production, Inc., to address the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. He also represented Florida in the long-running Everglades case, and worked with policy makers to help move comprehensive restoration forward. Mr. Leopold previously served as an environmental policy advisor in the Washington, D.C. office of Governor Jeb Bush.
Tom Marino of Pennsylvania to be Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Mr. Marino was born and raised in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, where his father worked two jobs as a firefighter and janitor. He followed his father’s example and went to work on the floor of a manufacturing facility after high school. He advanced into management and, at age 30, decided to pursue a college education. With the support of his family, friends, and the community, Mr. Marino graduated magna cum laude from Lycoming College and earned his law degree from Dickinson School of Law—all within five years. He practiced law before being elected Lycoming County District Attorney in 1991. In 2002, President George W. Bush appointed him to serve as the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. He returned to private practice until 2010 when he was elected to represent Pennsylvania’s 10th District in Congress. Mr. Marino and his wife Edie have two children.
Cheryl L. Mason of Virginia to be Chairman of the Board of Veterans Appeals for a term of six years. Ms. Mason is currently the Interim Principal Deputy Vice Chairman at the Board of Veterans Appeals. She previously served as Deputy Vice Chairman, Chief Veterans Law Judge, Veterans Law Judge, and Counsel at the Board of Veterans Appeals. Ms. Mason’s government experience also includes serving as an attorney with the Federal Labor Relations Authority and as a Department of the Air Force civilian at HQ United States Air Forces in Europe at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Ms. Mason also served as a contract attorney investigator for Department of Justice Civil Rights Division specializing in the American with Disabilities Act, a military services paralegal coordinator for Europe, and an instructor at Central Texas College, Kapaun Air Station, Germany. Ms. Mason began her legal career in private practice in Omaha, Nebraska. While attending college, Ms. Mason served an LBJ Intern for Congressman Bob McEwen (R-OH) of Ohio. Ms. Mason is married to Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (retired) Brett S. Mason and is the daughter of a World War II Navy Veteran. Ms. Mason received her B.A. with Distinction in Political Science and Psychology from Ohio Northern University and her J.D. from Creighton University School of Law. Ms. Mason resides in Virginia with her family.
Admiral Edward Masso to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Estonia. Mr. Masso is a highly decorated Naval Officer who is the founder and president of Flagship Connection, a consulting company focused on business development, strategic planning, and operations analysis in the areas of missile defense, cyber security, and data analytics. During his distinguished 32-year career in the U.S. Navy, he held nine command assignments, including Commander, Navy Personnel Command/Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel. He has served in NATO and the United States European Command. Mr. Masso is a Senior Fellow at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies in Cyber Security. He graduated from the University of Mississippi in 1977.
Katherine Brunett McGuire of Virginia to be an Assistant Secretary of Labor, Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs. Ms. McGuire currently serves as Chief of Staff to Congressman Randy Hultgren of Illinois. She previously served as Staff Director of the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee under the Chairmanship of Senator Mike Enzi. Prior to her role on the Committee, she served as Legislative Director to Senator Enzi and also Staff Director on the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs’ Subcommittee on Securities and Investment. She earlier served in senior posts in the Senate with Assistant Republican Leader Alan K. Simpson and Senator Richard Lugar. Her private sector experience includes leading BSA The Software Alliance’s global public policy and government relations division as Vice President, concentrating on promoting innovation and intellectual property protection. Ms. McGuire earned a B.S. and M.S. in Agricultural Economics from the University of Wyoming. She resides with her husband and two children in Virginia.
Edward T. McMullen, Jr. of South Carolina to be to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Swiss Confederation, and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Principality of Liechtenstein. Mr. McMullen has served in public policy, political, and business positions for 31 years. Currently, he is President of McMullen Public Affairs with offices in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina and Washington, D.C. The firm is a full service advertising and corporate public affairs company that implements advertising, alliance development, corporate communications, predictive data analytics, and strategic consulting solutions for challenging business and public policy environments. Clients have included several fortune 100 companies. Mr. McMullen has been appointed by South Carolina state leaders to serve on key statewide boards and commissions. He earned a B.A. from Hampden Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia.
Jonathan F. Mitchell of Washington to be Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States for a term of 5 years. Mr. Mitchell most recently served as a Visiting Professor of Law at Stanford Law School. From 2010-2015, Mr. Mitchell served as the Solicitor General of Texas, where he argued three cases before the United States Supreme Court, argued dozens of cases in other courts, and authored more than one hundred briefs. Mr. Mitchell has also served on the faculties of the University of Texas School of Law, the George Mason University School of Law, and the University of Chicago Law School. Before entering the legal academy, Mr. Mitchell served as a law clerk to Justice Antonin Scalia of the United States Supreme Court and to Judge J. Michael Luttig of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Mr. Mitchell earned his B.A., summa cum laude, from Wheaton College and his J.D., with high honors, from the University of Chicago Law School, where he was inducted into the Order of the Coif and served as an articles editor of the University of Chicago Law Review.
Thomas B. Modly of Maryland to be Under Secretary of the Navy. Mr. Modly is currently a Managing Director in PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Global Government and Public Services sector and is the firm’s Global Government Defense Network Leader, where he is responsible for coordinating the development and implementation of solutions for government defense clients worldwide. Prior to this, Mr. Modly served as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Financial Management and as the first Executive Director of the Defense Business Board. He also has extensive private sector expertise as a corporate development and mergers and acquisition specialist. Mr. Modly is a graduate with distinction from the U.S. Naval Academy, holds a Master’s Degree in Government from Georgetown University, and an M.B.A. with honors from Harvard Business School. He served on active duty in the U.S. Navy as a helicopter pilot.
Emily Webster Murphy of Missouri to be Administrator of General Services. Currently, Ms. Murphy is Senior Advisor to the Administrator at the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). Previously, Ms. Murphy served as Counsel at the House Armed Services Committee, specializing acquisition policy and reform. A procurement policy expert, Ms. Murphy’s career includes appointments at the U.S. Small Business Administration and at the GSA, where she served as its first Chief Acquisition Officer. Additionally, she served under three Chairmen of the House Small Business Committee. Her private sector experience includes five years in executive positions at a technology startup company engaged in Federal contracting and three years as a government contracts attorney with two top D.C. law firms. She has been recognized by Women Impacting Public Policy and the Small Business Technology Council, among others. A Missouri native, Ms. Murphy is a 1995 graduate of Smith College and a 2001 graduate of the University of Virginia School of Law.
Jennifer Gillian Newstead of New York to be Legal Adviser at the Department of State. Ms. Newstead is a partner in the law firm of Davis, Polk & Wardwell LLP, where she has a global practice representing clients in cross-border regulatory, enforcement and litigation matters. Ms. Newstead previously served in several senior government positions, including as General Counsel of the Office of Management and Budget, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General at the Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Policy, and Associate Counsel to the President. Ms. Newstead previously served as an Adjunct Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C and earlier in her career clerked for Justice Breyer of the U.S. Supreme Court and for Judge Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She is a 1994 graduate of Yale Law School, and a 1991 graduate magna cum laude of Harvard University.
William Northey of Iowa to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation. Mr. Northey is a 4th generation farmer from Spirit Lake, Iowa and is currently serving his 3rd term as Iowa Secretary of Agriculture. Under Mr. Northey’s leadership, the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship has promoted science and new technologies to better care for our air, soil, and water and focused on telling the story of agriculture. Mr. Northey is a past-president of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture and serves as co-chair of the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force. Mr. Northey served as President of the National Corn Growers Association from 1995 to 1996. He served on the Iowa U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency State Committee and as a Dickinson County Soil and Water Conservation District Commissioner. Mr. Northey graduated from Iowa State University with a degree in Agricultural Business and received a M.B.A. from Southwest Minnesota State University. Mr. Northey and his wife Cindy have 3 grown daughters and 5 grandchildren.
Frederick Nutt of Virginia to be Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget. Mr. Nutt is currently Senior Advisor at the Office of Management and Budget. Mr. Nutt previously worked as Senior Advisor to the Vice President for Management at the Overseas Private Investment Corporation where he was responsible for managing financial resources supporting information technology, acquisition, facilities, and security operations. Previously, Mr. Nutt was at the then newly authorized Millennium Challenge Corporation, working to start up the management operations, including financial and management information systems. Prior to this, Mr. Nutt was Senior Advisor to the Chief Financial Officer at the Environmental Protection Agency where he worked on implementing the President’s Management Agenda, and the migration of select financial management systems to federal shared service providers. He also worked on budget and appropriations legislation in the U.S. House of Representatives, while serving in the Office of the Speaker. Mr. Nutt is from Reedville, Virginia and is a graduate of Virginia Tech.
Jeff Tien Han Pon of Virginia to be Director of the Office of Personnel Management. Dr. Pon most recently served as the Chief Human Resources and Strategy Officer for the non-profit professional membership organization, the Society for Human Resource Management as well as the Chief Operating Officer for Futures Inc., an organization dedicated to helping transitioning military explore careers, find jobs, and transition to civilian jobs. Dr. Pon previously served as a Principal at Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc. in the consulting service areas of Human Resources, IT, and Change Management and as the U.S. Department of Energy’s Chief Human Capital Officer. He also was the Deputy Director of eGovernment at the U. S. Office of Personnel Management where he and his teams brought about HR Shared Service Centers, Payroll Modernization, and the stand-up of USAJobs. Dr. Pon is a graduate of the University of Southern California, and holds a Ph. D. and Masters of Science degree from the California School of Professional Psychology. He is the recipient of the Grace Hopper Award, Fed 100, and multiple secretarial Distinguished Service Awards.
Randy Reeves of Mississippi, to be Under Secretary of Veterans Affairs for Memorial Affairs. Mr. Reeves currently serves as Executive Director of the Mississippi Veterans Affairs Board and serves as President of the National Association of State Directors of Veterans Affairs. He is a retired Commander and Surface Warfare Officer in the United States Navy. Prior to being commissioned in the Navy, he served as an enlisted airman in the United States Air Force. Mr. Reeves received his Bachelor’s degree in Management from Peru State College (Nebraska) and a Master’s degree in Health Sciences. He also completed the Senior Executive Program at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.
David Dale Reimer of Ohio to be Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Mauritius and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Seychelles. Mr. Reimer, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1991. He is currently the Director of the Office of West African Affairs in the Bureau of African Affairs at the Department of State, a position he has held since 2015. A former Deputy Chief of Mission and Office Director, Mr. Reimer is known for his extensive knowledge of Africa and outstanding leadership skills, particularly in high-threat environments. He earned an M.P.I.A. from the University of Pittsburgh and a B.A. from Goshen College. He speaks French, Italian and German.
David Ross of Wisconsin to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Mr. Ross currently serves as the Director of the Environmental Protection Unit for the Wisconsin Department of Justice. He previously served as a senior assistant attorney general in the Wyoming Attorney General’s Office, where he represented the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality on water quality matters. Mr. Ross also represented the State of Wyoming on the Assumable Waters Subcommittee of the National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology. Prior to entering public service, Mr. Ross practiced environmental law in Washington DC and worked as an environmental consultant in California. Mr. Ross attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison for undergraduate studies, and grew up in Appleton, Wisconsin. He earned his law degree and a Master of Studies in Environmental Law from Vermont Law School. While in law school, Mr. Ross served as Editor-in-Chief of the Vermont Law Review.
R. Sharpley of Virginia to be Inspector General for the Central Intelligence Agency. Mr. Sharpley has been serving as the Acting Inspector General at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Office of Inspector General (OIG) since 2015. He was previously the Deputy Inspector General at the CIA from 2012 to 2015. Prior to serving in the CIA OIG, Mr. Sharpley was Deputy IG for Investigations at the Federal Housing Finance Authority and Deputy Special IG for Investigations as the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP). Prior to these roles, Mr. Sharpley was the Deputy IG for Investigations and Inspections at the Department of Energy and a Director of Security Operations in the U.S. Air Force. Mr. Sharpley received an M.A. from the Naval Postgraduate School and a B.A. from American University.
Cheryl Marie Stanton of South Carolina to be Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor. Ms. Stanton currently serves as the Executive Director for the South Carolina Department of Employment and Workforce, a position to which she was appointed in 2013 by then-Governor Nikki R. Haley. Prior to that role, Ms. Stanton worked as a labor and employment attorney in both the public and private sectors. In the public sector, she served as Associate White House Counsel for President George W. Bush. In that role, Stanton was the administration’s principal liaison to the U.S. Department of Labor, National Labor Relations Board and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Ms. Stanton also served as a law clerk to the Honorable Samuel A. Alito, Jr., U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. She received her J.D. from the Law School at the University of Chicago and her B.A. from Williams College. In 2016, then-Governor Nikki R. Haley awarded Ms. Stanton the Order of the Palmetto, the highest civilian honor in the State of South Carolina.
Suzanne Israel Tufts of New York to be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Administration. Ms. Tufts is a consultant and attorney with extensive experience in turnaround management and operations in the public and not-for-profit sectors. Ms. Tufts is the founder of her own consulting firm, which focuses on providing services for tax-exempt organizations and emerging companies. She is a nationally recognized expert in the field of inner city social programming in the areas of microenterprise, education and women’s issues and has been responsible for programs in housing authorities in New York. Ms. Tufts previously worked as President and CEO of the American Woman’s Economic Development Corporation, the nation’s first women’s entrepreneurship training center. Under her leadership, AWED created emergency small business crisis services within 72 hours of the 9/11 attacks, work for which she was recognized by President George W. Bush and then- Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao. Ms. Tufts graduated summa cum laude with an A.B. in Bio-Medical Ethics from Princeton University in 1977, and graduated from the University of Virginia Law School where she was awarded a Dillard Fellowship. Ms. Tufts lives in Forest Hills, Queens with her husband Bob.
Stephen Alexander Vaden of Tennessee to be General Counsel, Department of Agriculture. Mr. Vaden is a native of Union City, Tennessee. Mr. Vaden received his B.A. in American History from Vanderbilt University and his law degree from Yale Law School. Following graduation, Mr. Vaden completed two clerkships, first with The Honorable Julia Smith Gibbons of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and then with The Honorable Samuel H. Mays, Jr., of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee. Mr. Vaden has practiced law at the Washington, D.C. firms of Patton Boggs and Jones Day. At both firms, Mr. Vaden’s practice focused on litigation, particularly at the appellate level, along with election law and administrative law. When not in Washington, Mr. Vaden continues to make his home in Union City where he lives with his brother Samuel Vaden and mother Wanda Stephens Vaden. His late father John Marshall Vaden was a farmer for most of his 97 years.
Bruce J. Walker of New York to be an Assistant Secretary of Energy, Electricity, Delivery and Energy Reliability. Mr. Walker is the founder of Modern Energy Insights, Inc., which specializes in evaluating risk for utilities’ critical electric infrastructure. He has more than 25 years of electric utility experience, previously working at National Grid as the Vice President of Asset Strategy and Policy. Earlier, he worked for Consolidated Edison of New York, where he last held the position of Director of Corporate Emergency Management and served on the Biological Chemical Weapons Response Team. He has served as a member of DOE’s Electricity Advisory Committee, DOE’s Advisory Committee for the Mega-Watt scale integration lab, and was a member of GridWise Alliance, Inc. He is the co-founder of the Global Smart Grid Federation. Mr. Walker is the Deputy County Executive for the County of Putnam and is the Acting Energy Sector Chief for the Hudson Valley Infragard. He received his law degree from Pace University and holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Manhattan College.
Margaret Weichert of Georgia to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget. Ms. Weichert is currently Senior Advisor at the Office of Management and Budget. Ms. Weichert is a seasoned business executive who has served as a Principal at Ernst & Young, LLP since 2013. In her 25 year professional career, Ms. Weichert has also held executive leadership positions at Market Platform Dynamics, First Data Corporation, Bank of America, and Andersen Consulting focused on strategy, innovation, and business process improvement in banking and payments technology. An innovator and entrepreneur, Ms. Weichert also co-founded an Internet company, Achex, Inc., and sold that company to First Data in 2001. As a result of her innovative work in payment technology, Ms. Weichert has been named as an inventor on 14 successful U.S. patents. An avid supporter of technology innovation in Georgia, Ms. Weichert has served since 2010 on the Technology Association of Georgia (TAG)’s Fintech Steering Committee. She holds a B.S. of Foreign Service (Magna Cum Laude) from Georgetown University, a post-graduate diploma in Economics with distinction from the University of Sussex (UK) and a Masters of Business Administration from the University of California at Berkeley. Ms. Weichert also is certified as a Green Belt in Six Sigma, Design for Six Sigma.
Eric P. Whitaker of Illinois to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Niger. Mr. Whitaker, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Counselor, has served as an American diplomat since 1990. He is currently the Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Africa and the Sudans in the Bureau of African Affairs at the Department of State. A two-time Deputy Chief of Mission overseas and a senior official at the Department of State at home and abroad, his diplomatic career has been diverse, and included consular, economic, commercial, political, and refugee assignments. He has served at U.S. embassies in ten African countries and was a Peace Corps Volunteer in the Philippines. Mr. Whitaker earned an M.P.P. from Princeton University, an M.P.A from the University of Pittsburgh, and an M.S. and B.S. from the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. He speaks Spanish, Portuguese, French, Visayan, and Korean.
Steven E. Winberg of Pennsylvania to be an Assistant Secretary of Energy, Fossil Energy. Mr. Winberg has extensive corporate management experience and strong leadership credentials in fossil energy. He is a recognized expert in fossil energy R&D, advanced clean coal technology, and natural gas production and use. As Vice President for R&D for CONSOL Energy, Inc., and more recently as a Senior Program Manager with the Battelle Memorial Institute, he has demonstrated leadership on energy policy issues including addressing emissions legislation/regulation and electricity/natural gas deregulation. Mr. Winberg was the board chair for the FutureGen Industrial Alliance, a coalition of power producers, coal producers and equipment manufacturers, established to pursue a public/private partnership to build the world’s first near-zero emissions coal-fueled power plant. Mr. Winberg holds two patents related to NOx emissions reduction using coal and natural gas. He has a bachelor’s degree in nuclear science from SUNY Maritime College and an M.B.A. from the University of Pittsburgh.
Dean L. Winslow of Delaware to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense, Health Affairs. Dr. Winslow most recently served as Professor and Vice Chair of Medicine at Stanford University. Previously, he served as Chair of the Department of Medicine and Chief of the Division of AIDS Medicine at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Prior to joining Stanford he worked for 15 years in pharma and biotech industry where he helped develop several antiretroviral drugs and the first pharmacogenomics diagnostic device approved by the FDA. Dr. Winslow is a retired United States Air Force Colonel with several distinguished military decorations for his service. After 9/11 he deployed twice to Afghanistan and four times to Iraq as a flight surgeon supporting combat operations in OPERATION Enduring Freedom and OPERATION Iraqi Freedom. Dr. Winslow is a graduate of Pennsylvania State University, Jefferson Medical College, the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, and Air War College. He is board certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
David G. Zatezalo of West Virginia to be the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health. Prior to his retirement as Chairman of Rhino Resources GP, LLC in late 2014, he had served as President and CEO, and was previously Chief Operating Officer of Rhino as well as President of Hopedale Mining, LLC. Mr. Zatezalo began his mining career in 1974 with Consolidation Coal Company as a UMWA Laborer, became a foreman and subsequently General Superintendent for Southern Ohio Coal Company and General Manager of AEP’s Windsor Coal Company. He later rose to be Vice-President of Operations of AEP’s Appalachian Mining Operations. Mr. Zatezalo also worked in Australia for Broken Hill Proprietary, Ltd as a General Mine Manager. Mr. Zatezalo is a Mining Engineering graduate from West Virginia University where he received the 1977 West Virginia University Student Foundation Merit Award. He became a Professional Engineer and received an award for high grade on the mining exam in 1981. He also completed the Masters of Business Administration program at Ohio University in 1994.
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Practicing happiness 07
The answers come when you surpass them.
When you feel good, answers come without effort.
Last night I managed to feel better by letting go of my old internal struggle, and within minutes I discovered something remarkable.
If you’ve been following my blog you’ll know I’ve been obsessed with mysticism for more than twenty years, and in the past week or so I’ve been writing about disorganised attachment.
So imagine how I felt when I came across this study into mystical experiences among people with disorganised attachment.
The paper argues that people with disorganised attachment have a propensity for mystical experiences due to trait absorption.
I just found my deeply personal lifelong efforts to transcend the paradoxical injunction of disorganised attachment written up in a Swedish psychology paper.
The authors are at pains to say this doesn’t delegitimise mystical experiences, in fact they argue it may be a worthy therapeutic goal.
For me it validates my deeply felt need for transcendence, and at the same time it helps me release that need a little.
Once again I credit my persistent work at feeling better for this insight. I can enjoy the insight because I feel better, not the other way around.
Posted in Abraham Hicks, Happiness Challenge, mysticism, Uncategorized
Tagged disorganised attachment, feeling better, mysticism, psychology
Temperament theory: does 5 = 4+1?
This is mainly for commenter Josh, who thinks that the addition of a fifth temperament is a positive innovation over the traditional four temperaments.
I’ve written previously about the “fifth temperament”, which is the invention of a husband and wife team of Christian counsellors, Drs Richard and Phyllis Arno.
My objection to the creation of a fifth temperament is that it’s essentially an entirely new system that nonetheless uses terminology from the traditional four temperaments system.
This isn’t unusual. There are potentially infinite ways to slice up personalities and categorise them and many people have interpreted and used the traditional temperament theory in their own ways over the centuries.
But it’s simply not the case here that five is the original four plus one. You can’t cut a cake into four pieces and then “discover” a fifth piece. All you can do is cut the same cake into five instead, but now all the pieces will be different.
But is five better than four?
In China they have five elements. The Big Five factors of modern psychology have five factors. Even Ancient Greek cosmology actually has five elements if you include ether. So isn’t five a more appropriate number than four for a personality theory?
If you feel that five is a better number than four, then by all means use five. But that doesn’t change the historical fact that the traditional temperament system has always had four.
Why assume that the Greek system should match the Chinese one? Why not the other way around? Perhaps the Chinese five elements hampered their interpretation of temperament? Maybe they should embrace the more parsimonious four elements with regard to human temperament?
As for the Big Five – it’s not a temperament theory, merely a measure of personality traits. It doesn’t mean there are five types of personality. I’d love to see research into different personality types based on various permutations of the Big Five, since that would more closely approximate the purpose of the Four Temperaments theory. What I have found so far are people attempting to match the Big Five factors to MBTI functions: intuition seems to correspond to Openness, for example.
Regarding the Greek fifth element: according to wikipedia
“[in] ancient and medieval science, aether (Ancient Greek: αἰθήρ, aither), also spelled æther or ether and also called quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe above the terrestrial sphere.”
Aether was not part of the terrestrial sphere, perhaps why it was not included in the makeup of human temperament or biology.
Four is better than five
Four is better than five because it can be reduced to a two-factor analysis. Occam’s Razor inclines us to accept the more parsimonious solution.
The thousands of years of temperament observations continued into the modern era with various attempts at identifying the underlying biological basis of temperament and the high point of this research came with Jakob Henle’s proposal that temperament was reducible to inherent qualities of the individual nervous system: the relative ease of nervous excitability versus the duration of this activity.
Excitability and duration of impression provide a parsimonious two-factor biological basis for the four extremes of temperament:
Choleric – excitable with enduring impressions
Sanguine – excitable with fleeting impressions
Phlegmatic – unexcitable with fleeting impressions
Melancholic – unexcitable with enduring impressions
By contrast, the Arnos’ five temperaments theory evolved from the FIRO tool developed by William Schutz
based on the belief that when people get together in a group, there are three main interpersonal needs they are looking to obtain – affection/openness, control and inclusion
I have no strong opinion on the FIRO tool, but it should be obvious that it’s attempting to measure complex behavioural traits in interpersonal contexts. According to wikipedia, Schutz himself did not think the FIRO should be used to determine personality type:
Schutz believed that FIRO scores in themselves were not terminal, and can and do change, and did not encourage typology; however, the four temperaments were eventually mapped to the scales of the scoring system, which led to the creation of a theory of five temperaments.
The Arnos are the ones who mapped the four temperaments onto the FIRO tool, and subsequently decided a fifth temperament was necessary.
It’s a personal choice
People who like Arno’s theory might well argue that the creation of a “supine” temperament better or more usefully describes a group of people who were perhaps previously included as a subset of melancholic or phlegmatic.
But it could equally be due to a weakness in the original FIRO tool, or the fact that the FIRO was a much broader attempt to explain or quantify all human interaction, not to simply describe temperament.
Regardless, the so-called “Five Temperaments” is an amalgamation of the FIRO tool and the four temperaments concept, but should be considered a deviation from the traditional four temperaments framework.
Ultimately, it’s up to you if you want to subscribe to a particular theory of personality or temperament. But it’s also good to know what you are actually subscribing to.
I’ve found the four temperaments theory to be extremely powerful in categorising and understanding people. But at the same time, there are many superficial and inadequate renditions of the four temperaments out there. I can understand why some people might think the four need amending or supporting with other theories or tools.
I wouldn’t go so far as to innovate a new temperament, but I’ve found great benefit from Keirsey’s bridging of the four temperaments with the MBTI functions. Even so, there are aspects of Keirsey’s work that I don’t use. I use the MBTI to flesh out or add more detail to the four temperaments’ foundation. I don’t try to alter the four temperaments on the basis of the MBTI.
If anyone wants to argue that the “fifth temperament” is a legitimate and organic development of the traditional four temperaments theory, I would challenge them to present a case.
Posted in Melancholic, temperament
Tagged Big Five, elements, fifth temperament, FIRO, four temperaments, innovation, psychology
Thus spake Jordan Peterson
Jordan Peterson is in Australia, and my editor asked if I could explain the psychology professor’s global appeal:
Jordan Peterson is much more than an impassioned participant in the PC cause célèbre, and those who went looking for more information on the humble professor who sounds not unlike a Canadian Kermit the Frog soon uncovered a wealth of content…
Peterson turned out to be a charismatic and impassioned lecturer drawing upon his expertise in psychology, his ambitious yet idiosyncratic ambit in mythology, literature, religion and philosophy, and undoubtedly his many years of clinical therapeutic work to exhort his students and viewers to take responsibility for the meaning in their own lives.
https://www.mercatornet.com/features/view/thus-spake-jordan-peterson
There’s always more to be said, but I’m particularly glad my Nietzsche and Kermit intuitions bore fruit!
Posted in MercatorNet
Tagged Jordan Peterson, psychology, self-help, YouTube
Your world is a reflection
I came across a Goethe quotation:
All that happens is symbol, and as it represents itself perfectly, it points to the rest.
Which, if I’m right, is close to my own observation that all the elements of my experience reflect meaningfully my own inner life.
Chasing it down, I came across this book which seems to affirm my interpretation of the quotation, adding another from Coleridge:
For all that meets the bodily sense I deem
Symbolical, one mighty alphabet.
I’ve witnessed on numerous occasions that my experience mirrors, reflects, or symbolises my “inner world” for want of a better term. Accordingly, attempts to change the outer world without changing the inner world tend to fail.
We can end one relationship and end up in another just like it. We can sell a house with too many limitations and find that our new house has its own limitations that elicit the same unhappy feelings in us.
Except they don’t elicit those feelings, they mirror them.
I’ve been reading a bit of “positive thinking” and “law of attraction” material, looking for further insights into this pattern I’ve discovered for myself.
Much of it concurs in practice with aspects of contemporary psychology and philosophy of mind. There are also overlaps with religious philosophy and theology, which is not so surprising considering that these “New Thought” movements grew from Christian roots.
What I’d like to do with this post is clarify my own perspective, combining things I have read and things I have observed, for the sake of improving my own experience.
As stated above, my experience or “outer world” tends to mirror and reflect my “inner world”.
This reflective quality lies in the emotional salience of experiences conforming to the emotional register of my inner world.
For example, I’ve struggled for years in learning a martial art. The outward struggle to learn the art corresponded to negative emotions in my inner world.
The conventional view is that I felt bad because I couldn’t practice the way I wanted to practice or achieve my personal goals.
But the truth is that both the outer experience and the inner emotion were a reflection of my own thoughts about training, martial arts, my self, and my personal goals.
Thoughts and emotions
Your emotions are a natural response to your thoughts or beliefs.
We feel fear when we think something bad is happening or about to happen.
We feel sorrow or sadness when we think something is wrong and we can’t fix it.
We feel anger when we think something has been unjustly perpetrated against us.
We feel love when we think something is good, in proportion to its goodness.
We feel joy when we think those good things are present.
Conventional psychological therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy attempt to teach people to challenge and correct their thoughts and beliefs and thereby reduce anxious and depressed emotional responses.
But conventional methods tend to focus on the truth-value of thoughts. The idea is that external reality is prior; our beliefs should accord with external reality. People suffer anxiety and depression because they have developed unhelpfully negative thoughts that do not match external reality.
This approach has a lot of merit. But in a modern psychological context mental health and mental illness are largely determined by one’s capacity to function in everyday life. Many people fall through the cracks because they are able to function, even if they are not happy.
For a melancholic especially, this idea of making one’s thoughts more realistic is liable to increase rather than decrease depressed and anxious emotions. A melancholic can’t “realistically” live without idealism and meaning, yet that idealism and meaning is implicitly rendered subjective and arbitrary by a “realist” approach to cognition.
People are afraid of being “unrealistically” happy. But that fear is itself a response to thoughts about reality coming back to bite you in the arse because you were feeling undeservedly happy.
Getting past the emotion-thinking circularity
The better “law of attraction” material, such as Abraham/Esther Hicks, focuses not so much on “how to get your stuff”, but on how to change your thoughts consciously in order to enjoy a better emotional state, with the subsequent promise that external circumstances will shift accordingly.
Hicks refers to emotions as a “guidance system” that helps you determine whether or not a particular thought is in alignment with your “inner being” or “Source energy” or God, and hence also in accord with your genuine desires.
Hicks emphasises that the point is to feel good or feel better, not to be realistic or true. If given the choice between a “true” thought and a thought that feels good, we should choose the latter over the former.
There’s merit to this advice, because our capacity to determine the truth-value of our thoughts is tenuous in the first instance, and even more so when we are experiencing negative emotions.
So focus on thoughts that “feel good” or “feel better” at least, and as a result you will begin to feel better and eventually feel good. As you begin to feel better, the thoughts accessible to you will also change for the better, creating a virtuous circle of better feeling thoughts.
But for people who are accustomed to suppressing emotions, there’s a heightened risk of simply overlaying negative emotions with positive ones, or further suppressing negative emotions.
That’s why Hicks advises not to attempt to change one’s emotional state too rapidly. You can’t go from depressed to joyful in an instant.
Care is warranted, and for me it helps to get away from the circularity of assessing thoughts by how they feel, in order to accomplish a change in feeling.
One way to diminish this circularity is to recognise that we can’t control our feelings. Our feelings or emotions change automatically. For me, this mirrors my realisation with weight loss: body weight is an indirect outcome of food intake and exertion. Being overweight should not be viewed as a problem, because it is (in most cases) a natural and healthy response to unnatural and unhealthy behaviour.
By analogy, we should not view our negative emotions as bad or problematic. Our negative emotions are good and natural and healthy, assuming they are in response to negative thoughts and beliefs.
What this means is that we can let go of the fixation on how we feel, trusting that our emotions will take care of themselves provided we take care of the thoughts we are thinking.
How do we assess thoughts?
If that is the case, the question then arises: how do we assess our thoughts if not on the basis of how they feel, or their purported truth-value?
In mysticism we see an especially melancholic impulse to take the highest and most profound spiritual state, and from that stand-point resist any lesser thoughts.
This is presented in some sects as taking up the deeper states of meditation and carrying them into everyday life. In Christian mysticism it is the spirit or Christ in us that purifies and transforms the “outer man” and the external world.
In the Hicks material, better-feeling thoughts are implicitly closer to the perspective of our “inner being” or “Source” or God. In light of this, we can suggest two approaches to assessing and changing one’s thoughts: by ascending step by step according to which thoughts feel better, or by finding an approach to a transcendent, numinous spiritual state, and letting that state transform or repel incommensurate thoughts.
In fact Hicks does suggest both approaches, ranging from working to improve one’s thoughts on specific subjects, to focusing on subjects that are already informed by positive thoughts, to finally meditating without thought in order to have no resistance.
It’s plausible that different personality types or temperaments may find different approaches more conducive. Regardless, I have to admit that my all-or-nothing tendencies and my past interest in mysticism incline me to some form of the latter option.
“Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you”
Posted in Melancholic, Uncategorized
Tagged cognitive therapy, Esther Hicks, law of attraction, mysticism, positive thinking, principle of reflection, psychology, realism, subjectivism
OCEAN follow-up: disorganised and disagreeable
I did an online test for the Big 5 personality traits just now, and the results were interesting:
As expected, I’m both extremely Introverted and extremely Neurotic.
In my previous post I suggested that I might be high in Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, but I also noted that these qualities felt forced and unnatural.
I subsequently read the actual criteria for the two traits, and concluded that I’m practicing “pseudo-” Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, attempting to mimic traits I don’t actually possess.
In other words, I’m not naturally an organised, disciplined, tidy person, but I put pressure on myself to be organised and disciplined where it counts.
The results of the online test corroborate my suspicions.
Openness to new experiences was surprisingly high, but that could be because the trait is manifested differently between introverts and extroverts. An extrovert might be open to “new experiences”, but an introvert can be open to “new ideas”, ways of thinking and seeing the world.
So I think I’m on the right track: trying too hard to be conscientious and agreeable in certain circumstances is actually a manifestation of neuroticism, and exacerbates those negative emotions.
Being less agreeable and more disorganised might not change my other traits, but it would be more authentic, and, if I’m right, authenticity could be the key to ameliorating neuroticism.
Tagged agreeableness, authenticity, Big 5, conscientiousness, extroversion, introversion, neuroticism, OCEAN, openness, personality, psychology, temperament
A brief history of temperament
The four temperaments theory is the oldest and most consistently utilised theory of personality in the Western world.
Its origins lie at least as far back as the 5th Century BC when Hippocrates, the father of Greek medicine, described human health and composition in terms of four humours or bodily fluids: blood, bile, phlegm and black bile.
The four temperaments were further developed and codified by Galen, personal physician to Roman Emperors in the 2nd Century AD. Galenic medicine remained the authoritative medical paradigm in Europe until the 18th Century, and his texts were still studied as late as the 19th Century.
But even as Galen’s theories about the human body were slowly discarded, his observations of the human mind continued to fascinate philosophers, physiologists, and psychologists even to the present day.
What underlies temperament?
Various theorists have attempted to define the temperaments in terms of more basic physical elements.
Galen described them in terms of heat and cold on the one hand, and moistness and dryness on the other. The Choleric is hot and dry while the Melancholic is cold and dry. Sanguines are hot and moist, while Phlegmatics are cold and moist.
But with the advances of medicine people have sought to describe the temperaments in ever more up-to-date terms, corresponding to changes in medical or psychological paradigms.
The 18th Century philosopher Immanuel Kant described the temperaments in terms of either feeling or activity that was short-lasting or long-lasting. A Choleric is characterised by long-lasting activity while a Melancholic has long-lasting feelings. Sanguines have short-lasting feelings and Phlegmatics have short-lasting activity.
A generation later the German “father of psychology” Wilhelm Wundt described the temperaments in terms of either strong or weak emotion and slow or rapid change. Cholerics have strong emotion and rapid change, while Melancholics have strong emotion and slow change. Sanguines have weak emotion and rapid change, and Phlegmatics have weak emotion and slow change.
Another 19th Century German, the physiologist Jakob Henle, suggested that the temperaments might arise from the inherent activity or tonus of the nervous system.
Henle described each temperament in terms of the speed and the duration of reactions within the nervous system. Cholerics have quick reactions of a long duration while Melancholics have slow reactions of a long duration. Sanguines have quick reactions of short duration, and Phlegmatics have slow reactions of short duration.
The famous Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov also studied the nervous system and he too drew on the ancient four temperaments to frame his theories.
For Pavlov the Choleric has a strong but unbalanced nervous system while the Melancholic has a weak nervous system. Both the Sanguine and the Phlegmatic are strong and balanced but the former is fast while the latter is slow. Though his studies focused on dogs, Pavlov applied his observations to humans also:
The melancholic temperament is evidently an inhibitory type of nervous system. To the melancholic, every event of life becomes an inhibitory agent; he believes in nothing, hopes for nothing, in everything he sees only the dark side, and from everything he expects only grievances.
The choleric is the pugnacious type, passionate, easily and quickly irritated. But in the golden middle group stand the phlegmatic and sanguine temperaments, well equilibrated and therefore healthy, stable…
The phlegmatic is self-contained and quiet, – a persistent and steadfast toiler in life. The sanguine is energetic and very productive, but only when his work is interesting, i.e., if there is a constant stimulus. When he has not such a task he becomes bored and slothful.
The psychologists
While the physiologists were studying nervous systems and linking their findings to the four temperaments theory, the new field of psychoanalysis founded by the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud approached the same questions of personality and temperament from a more psychological, clinically-oriented perspective.
Freud’s collaborator and contemporary Alfred Adler developed a personality theory that mirrored the four temperaments system.
Adler described each type or temperament in terms of high or low energy and high or low social interest. Adler’s Choleric equivalent has high energy and low social interest while his Melancholic equivalent has low energy and low social interest. Sanguines have high energy and high social interest, while Phlegmatics have low energy with high social interest.
Other psychoanalysts broke away from the four temperament model as they delved deeper into their own theories and observations. Carl Jung, for example, described a more complex range of cognitive functions and mental predispositions that were later codified into the famous Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the most popular personality theory in operation today.
Yet the four temperament model was not entirely forgotten. It was retained primarily in the work of the psychologist Hans Eysenck, who described the four temperaments in terms of extroversion and neuroticism. Extroversion refers to how outwardly oriented a person is, while neuroticism is defined as a tendency to worry, anxiety, frustration, moodiness, and jealousy.
In Eysenck’s model the Choleric has high extroversion and high neuroticism while the Melancholic has low extroversion and high neuroticism. The Sanguine has high extroversion and low neuroticism, while the Phlegmatic has low extroversion and low neuroticism.
Temperament today
Modern trends in psychology and medicine make researchers wary of trying to match their research to pre-existing ideas and concepts like the four temperaments.
Contemporary psychology does draw on the concept of temperament, but it avoids the original four in favour of a research-driven approach. Psychologist Jerome Kagan is one example of an influential researcher on temperament, demonstrating throughout his career that key biological/behavioural traits in infants persist throughout adult life.
Kagan’s work focused on high and low reactive children, and he acknowledges that there are many other ‘temperaments’ or aspects of temperament yet to be studied.
For a lay person like me, learning about these different theories and approaches to the four temperaments adds to the sense that there’s a central phenomenon behind the archetypal four, and help us clarify exactly what the differences between them are.
As Kant wrote:
In this way the ancient forms can be preserved, and only receive a meaning better suited to the spirit of this doctrine of temperaments.
I still believe that Henle’s two-factor model of excitability versus duration of impression is the most fundamental, yet it helps me to have the others available too.
How better to explain a melancholic than “low energy, low social interest”? That’s me in a nutshell.
Other theories may seem more or less apt, but at the very least they show how different people have perceived the temperaments. We can also see where they have gotten it wrong, describing temperaments in ways that don’t at all accord with our experience, or letting their own temperament blind them to the true nature of the others.
Tagged choleric, four temperaments, Galen, Henle, history, Kant, melancholic, Pavlov, phlegmatic, physiology, psychology, sanguine, temperament, Wundt
Towards a spiritual psychology
I’m very slowly working towards a kind of spiritual psychology or anthropology, based on my reading and experiments over the years.
I hope it will take into account all the variables in my past experience: dealing with things like depression and anxiety, mysticism, cognitive and emotional states, and temperament.
It will be at heart a pragmatic approach, aimed at overcoming the suffering in my own life, and exploring the promises made by various religious teachings about the availability of love, joy, peace, and even bliss in this lifetime.
For me ‘pragmatic’ means I have a goal in mind. I didn’t go looking for answers out of simple curiosity, but because I sensed there was something wrong but had no idea what, how, or why.
So my approach will probably not appeal to many people, just as I’ve failed to find answers in the many popular approaches, theories, and methods available at present. The reason I haven’t become an exponent of any particular system or teaching is that no system or teaching has proven sufficient for me.
A quick sketch
Consciousness is something special.
In some religious systems, consciousness itself is considered divine – part of, or even all of God, right at the heart of your existence.
In others, consciousness is “close to” the divine, and is considered the “true self” or soul, in contrast to the false self, the ego, the accumulated thoughts and impressions that we usually treat as our self.
We could spend a lifetime trying to resolve and explore these theoretical differences, but remember this is a pragmatic effort. Regardless of the exact descriptions or definitions, consciousness is “special” in a good way.
The significance of consciousness is much more obvious in an Eastern context than in a Christian one, but we must bear in mind that the word “consciousness” has only recently been taken to mean what it means in this context. As “a state of being aware” it dates back only so far as the 18th Century.
Years ago I went looking for Aquinas’ perspective on consciousness, but couldn’t find it for the simple reason that Aquinas lived in the 13th Century, and for him conscientia would point to conscience, not consciousness.
In fact conscious is just a derivative of conscience. Both come from con meaning ‘with’ and science meaning “knowledge”. We could just as well say conscient instead of conscious, as in “are you conscient right now?”
The light in the darkness
In the context of mysticism, the specialness and significance of consciousness has been captured in the term “light”, as in “The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it”, which is not only a powerful spiritual statement, but also a pretty neat summary of contemporary philosophy of mind and the “hard” problem of consciousness.
Likewise: “This is the judgment, that the Light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the Light, for their deeds were evil.”
We tend to think of evil deeds in concrete ways, as specific actions that contravene divine law.
But in the broader spiritual context it is clear that everything we do is corrupt and insufficient. It is ‘evil’ in a broad sense, and pragmatically this means our efforts are incapable of overcoming suffering or bringing us the happiness we seek.
We needn’t feel condemned for our actions, it’s enough that our actions cannot redeem us. Futility is an evil, just as much as malice.
The evil of human actions encompasses everything from the murderer and rapist all the way up to the proud and spiritually-barren Pharisees. That’s why Christianity presented such an apparent inversion of the moral order – because it doesn’t matter how well-behaved you are if you still have no love in you.
Some people think that light and darkness are metaphors for good and evil. I think it’s the other way around, in the sense that good and evil are ultimately grounded in light and darkness.
Light, love, and maladaptive defense-mechanisms
The ever-present light in us is also love, in that ‘light’ and love are attributes of God. Again, speaking pragmatically rather than seeking theological precision, this mysterious light by which we know the world and our own selves is also the source of divine love.
Yet instead of remaining in that love, we pay greater heed to the world, giving in to doubts and fears.
You can see this very clearly in children.
Young children are (all things being equal) loving towards their parents or caregivers. They give and receive love naturally.
Unfortunately, their parents and caregivers are not consistently loving in return. Our faults and foibles prevent us from responding to the love of our children perfectly.
Children experience this deprivation of love as a threat to their very survival. This makes sense on a biological level – since the child is entirely dependent on its caregivers for food, shelter, and security. But it also makes sense on a spiritual level, since we are told that love, light, and life all come from God.
In the face of this deprivation of love, the child invariably succumbs to doubt and fear, and immediately strives to regain the love it has lost.
This is the root of the problem: succumbing to doubt and fear, and thereby shutting down the immediacy of love in themselves, while then concluding that external conditions (the world) need to be controlled and rearranged before love can return.
In practical terms, this amounts to a child who stops experiencing love because of their parents’ implied or explicit rejection, and then seeks to find a way to regain that parental love and protect themselves from further harm.
The many layers of the psyche
Over many years of making psychological moves to avoid hurt and regain love, the child-teenaged-adult psyche ends up with many complex layers of beliefs, emotions, and choices that all originate in the choice of fear and doubt over love.
What this means is that in theory any of us can at any time feel divine love in our hearts. So long as the light (consciousness) is there, love is there as well. And the light is always with us.
But in practice our receptivity to this love is on a hair-trigger. We are ready to shut off the flow of love at the slightest hint of anything in the world of our experience that resembles the hurts, fears, doubts, and defense mechanisms that have shaped us over the years.
For example, many people develop perfectionist tendencies when young. Let’s say your parents were often depressed or angry, leaving them emotionally unavailable to you.
But then one day you get a good result at school or do well at sport, and suddenly your parents seem interested and engaged and proud of you. From your point of view, it’s as if they’ve said “Yes! This is the kind of behaviour and accomplishment we find worthy of love!”
Many children (depending on temperament and other circumstances) will form an intention to become as accomplished and successful as possible, because this is obviously what it takes to earn their parents’ love again.
Conflating accomplishment and success with the supply of love is one cause of perfectionism.
Perfectionism can also originate in the inverse circumstance – where a child is told that they will suffer further rejection if they do not succeed in life.
Metastasizing fear
Becoming a perfectionist is one instance of a maladaptive response to fear and doubt. It’s mal-adaptive because it doesn’t really achieve the desired result (securing a supply of love) and it actually creates further conflict and harm.
Because after a while the child will begin to reflect on their perfectionist efforts. They will have further psychological responses to their perfectionism, such as: fear that they will not be able to achieve their goals, resentment that they must be ‘perfect’ in order to be accepted or loved, a sense of emptiness after finding that their accomplishments do not bring lasting rewards, and so on.
Again it depends on the child, but rest assured that they will make some kind of “move” to try to avoid further hurt and attain more love.
If, for example, the child feels insufficiently loved for their accomplishments, they will begin to feel angry and resentful at this injustice. Somewhere in the child’s mind they made an implicit bargain with their parents that they would be loved if they accomplished enough, or did as they were told, or didn’t rock the boat, or whatever particular issue first ruptured their sense of being loved.
But how will the child respond to these feelings of anger and resentment? Whatever they decide, it will be a choice that seeks implicitly to limit their hurt and attain more love, or as much love as they can hope to achieve in their circumstances.
These psychological developments go on and on. Some people have a few, others have many.
The more you have, the more likely you will develop outright internal conflicts between different “moves” or layers. Some people end up depressed or suicidal for no apparent external cause, because the layers of their own psyche create a kind of inner tension or turmoil that they don’t know how to resolve.
Finding the answer
That’s why the spiritual path is both simple and complex, easy and difficult.
The simple spiritual answers like “God is love” can be a source of great comfort, but not necessarily a lived experience. Can you just choose to be full of love, and then do it? Maybe you can, but many of us cannot.
So on the one hand we’re told that all we have to do is believe and we will be saved.
But on the other hand:
“Make every effort to enter through the narrow door. For many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able.”
Why this dichotomy? Because the simple truth is obscured by the many layers of our psychological defenses and accretions.
Defenses like turning to alcohol, sex, or drugs to try to relieve the inner tension, boredom, or suppressed pain which is in turn the outcome of other, more subtle defenses.
Defenses like intellectualising everything, shutting down emotionally, using dissociation or hypervigiliance to gain a sense of control over your own experience and environment.
Defenses like seeking out conflict and emotional turmoil, harming oneself or hurting others.
Nonetheless the answers are there.
The underlying, inescapable reality is light, not darkness, and it expresses itself in love, not fear.
Posted in Philosopher-at-home, Uncategorized
Tagged Christianity, consciousness, defense mechanisms, God, love, mysticism, neglect, perfectionism, psychology, religion, spirituality, trauma
Symbolism of posture
I’ve known for a while that there’s something wrong with my posture, but it’s only in the last year that I’ve resorted to learning basic functional anatomy to troubleshoot the problems for myself.
I’ve been learning about extension and flexion of the various joints, bony landmarks, specific muscles and their antagonists, as well as common postural deficiencies like forward head posture, excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine, kyphosis of the thoracic spine, pelvic tilt, rib flare, and so on.
There are lots of variables to examine and many of them are inter-dependent. For example: I started with the issue of rounded shoulders, which is really about protraction of the scapulae. I worked on trying to fix that for a while, but with limited success. Eventually I realised I was flaring out my ribs too much, which is really an issue of excessive extension at the thoraco-lumbar spine – the middle of the spine.
To correct the rib flare requires engaging abdominal muscles to pull the ribs down, but this in turn is not feasible unless the pelvis is correctly aligned. Anterior pelvic tilt tends to weaken the abdominals and the gluteals, while shortening the lower back muscles and the hip flexors.
By the time I’d worked all this out I’d forgotten about the shoulder protraction issue, so it’s come full-circle again.
Beyond anatomy
I think there’s also a symbolic or psychological aspect to these postural issues.
Posture is directly linked to the psyche in two main ways: first, we use posture to communicate with others. Defensive and submissive postures indicate to others that we wish to avoid confrontation. Hunching or rounding the shoulders, dropping the head, collapsing the chest all communicate submission by making us appear physically smaller and weaker.
Second, bad posture feels awful. It makes us irritable and stressed, takes more energy to maintain, and discourages us from the physical exertion required to accomplish daily activities and meaningful projects.
Forward head posture
So let’s take forward head posture as an example.
There’s a simple behavioural component, in that we spend a lot of time sitting at computers or staring at mobile phones or tablets. These activities tend to encourage forward movement of the head.
But moving your head forward to stare at the computer screen isn’t necessary. Perhaps it’s a by-product of intense focus, or maybe it’s a result of the conflict between a sedentary seating position combined with active visual attention.
Even before I began looking into posture I knew I had problems with my neck. It feels incredibly stiff at times, and occasionally it would ache from the tension. Symbolically, I used to relate this tension to my analytical and overly-intellectual approach to life.
I think a lot. I think about everything, all the time. 80-90% of my waking hours involve thinking about something, and this hasn’t changed in over a decade.
I’ve tried a lot of things to let go of this excessive intellection, but I’ve never found a simple solution. The complex solution has been to keep thinking about it, or at least try to improve the efficiency of my thinking in hopes that I’d eventually find the answer.
Trying to think of a solution to excessive thinking may sound counter-intuitive. As Maslow wrote:
“I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.”
But if the only tool you have is a hammer, it’s not too outrageous to prioritise all your hammering tasks…maybe see how far hammering alone will get you.
Nonetheless, I can’t ignore the symbolism of forward head posture as a psychosomatic effort to lead with one’s head – putting one’s mind out in front.
And compared to what?
Well if I try to correct my head position, I immediately feel that my throat, chest, and whole torso are more open and exposed. That’s why dropping the head is a defensive position: better to get hit in the chin than in the throat.
If the head is associated with thinking, the chest or the heart is associated with feeling. Perhaps the symbolism of forward head posture is an attempt to use thinking, intellect, and analysis, to get out in front of feeling?
Melancholics are, after all, feeling-oriented. The effort to analyse life rather than feeling it directly is an established trope or cliche, and it makes sense that a feeling-oriented person would compromise their posture through such an effort. Feeling can be a confusing and seemingly ineffectual function. It gives long, slow answers when what we might prefer are short, convenient, and maybe conventional solutions. Feeling often points a direction with no hint as to the final destination.
We can easily blame behaviour for bad posture, and it certainly plays a role. But our psychology also makes us more susceptible to particular behaviours. Maintaining a postural deficiency takes constant effort, and trying to explain it as merely the outcome of certain behaviours like staring at a computer screen is question-begging. Why, after all, am I spending so much time happily staring at a computer screen if it is damaging my posture?
Looking at a postural problem in the broader context of one’s behaviours, psychology, and temperament can reveal symbolic relationships and even solutions.
Not that I found the solution by examining the symbolism, mind you. It’s eight to ten years since I first thought my neck trouble might be linked to my intellectual outlook, but the more I hammered away at that question, the more ingrained my intellectual efforts became.
It’s taken life experience, grudging and sometimes grueling lessons to reveal the real meaning and importance of feeling in my life, and how this mysterious function is to be embraced.
So now my old speculations about the symbolism of posture have come to mind, more like a memory or a realisation than a solution. The solution has happened on a deeper level, and now the recognition of it comes like an afterword, tying up loose ends when the real story is done.
Tagged analysis, anatomy, defensive posture, fear, feeling, forward head posture, melancholic, psychology, psychosomatic, submissive posture, symbolism, thinking
On not knowing who you are
As children we accept at face-value the actions and reactions of those around us, those closest to us.
What does “at face-value” mean in this context?
It means we don’t consider the hidden motives, considerations, fears, and desires that might be influencing other people’s behaviour.
It’s no surprise that children don’t try to peer inside other people’s minds. Many adults don’t even try, and even trained psychologists can get it wrong, or be ineffectual.
Besides, we tend to assume that other people are like us on the inside. Young children are quite straightforward — for a child, face value is the only value.
The problem with this ‘face-value’ approach is that most adults are not straightforward. So, children are raised in an environment full of disparity.
There’s a disparity of information between the child who takes everything at face-value, and the adult who knows that life is complicated and long and everything has a backstory.
There’s a disparity of power, where the child is dependent on the adult for its very survival.
There’s a disparity of psychological formation, where the events and relationships the child experiences will inform its future with greater impact than the already mostly-formed adult.
In this disparate environment the child makes a serious mistake — it accepts the actions, reactions, and treatment of others as a true and honest reflection of their own existence, nature, and qualities.
We know ourselves primarily through our relationships, but children lack the experience and insight to understand that those relationships are imperfect and sometimes deeply flawed sources of knowledge.
It’s like trying to work out what your face looks like without a proper mirror to help you. So you look at whatever reflective surfaces you can find.
Other people can be very imperfect, very limited reflective surfaces. From them we try to piece together a self-image. But if we don’t know that these reflections are so imperfect, the self-image we infer from them will be horribly distorted.
Children who grow up with abuse, neglect, or dysfunction are often said to be damaged by their up-bringing, and in a sense that is true. But it’s important to also recognise the nature of that damage.
A significant portion of the damage is contained in a distorted self-image, inferred from a face-value perspective of their formative relationships.
Why is this damaging?
Because if the people closest to you — the ones who know you best — treat you badly, then the face-value explanation is that you don’t deserve any better than this bad treatment.
If the people closest to you betray, humiliate, threaten, or harm you, then either there’s something wrong with them, or there’s something wrong with you.
The truth is that there’s something wrong with them, but children lack the knowledge and experience to understand this. They take the other option by default, thinking that they must somehow deserve, or even inspire such awful treatment.
Imagine how awful that must be: to feel that the people who know you, the people you depend on, the only ones you can depend on, react with displeasure, anger, envy, ridicule, neglect, or a hundred other foul responses to you; and to have no other way to explain it than to conclude that these must be honest, authentic responses to who you really are.
The truth though, is that children do not inspire such responses from healthy, happy, sane people. Generation after generation act out their own damaged formation on their children, and the dysfunction is passed down like a curse, like original sin.
The fact is that most of us don’t really know who we are, because our self-image is inferred from our relationships with others, with the childhood assumption that the feedback we receive from others is honest and authentic.
People don’t really know you. And if your self-image is formed from their flawed and selfish responses to you, then you don’t really know yourself either.
Granted, there are moments of real knowledge and real insight and authentic relationship, but that doesn’t mean the whole can be taken at face-value, especially where there is abuse, neglect, and the kind of dysfunction we might only recognise as mature adults.
I think this is where the desire to know our real self, our inner self comes from. It’s a desire to break from the conventions and continuity that has shaped our false self.
Whether we intend it or not, this desire seems to lead to the deeper self-reflection of the mystics, sages, and saints. The people who have realised the falseness of their conditioned, inauthentic self-image and gone looking for whatever truth lies beneath it.
Incidentally, this is why orthodox Christianity teaches that Mary was preserved from original sin, kept immune from it. So pervasive is the effect of our inherited dysfunction that it required divine intervention to preserve a single human from it.
In this context, it implies Mary’s relationship with God preserved her from a psychological formation corrupted in untold ways by the defects of her own parents. Original sin is more than just bad parental modelling, but the two are intimately related in light of our relationship with God.
These ideas — inherited dysfunction, a false self, a true self, an unfulfilled relationship with God — put into context the need to be “born again” in the model of Christ. In that sense, the symbolism of the incarnation — God born as a child in the humility of a stable — represents the divine born in us.
We hear of being “born again in Christ” so much from a particular brand of Protestant culture, but the mystical tradition speaks of Christ being born in us. As Angelus Silesius, a Franciscan mystic and poet wrote:
“Christ could be born a thousand times in Bethlehem – but all in vain until He is born in me.”
Tagged abuse, Christmas, dysfunction, false self, formation, neglect, original sin, psychology, self-image, true self
Just one look
I came across this website recently where a guy put forward what we might call a quasi-spiritual theory and practice.
His theory is that all our psychological unease and strife is caused by a subconscious “fear of life”. This fear of life is linked into a desire to know ourselves as we are. I don’t know which comes first, the fear or the desire. It doesn’t really matter at this point.
We go looking for this ‘self’ everywhere…here we insert the usual spiritual story of seeking peace and happiness in material possessions or power or self-image.
The usual spiritual story would encourage us to look within to find our true self, and find in that all the happiness and peace we wrongly sought outside ourselves.
The problem with this approach is that instead of just looking inside and going “oh, there I am”, we implicitly reason that given how desperately we pursue happiness and avoid suffering in life, this ‘self’ we need to find must be pretty spectacular. It must be magnificent and intoxicating and profound in direct proportion to our desire for happiness and our aversion to suffering.
That’s where this “Just One Look” idea comes in. The guy who runs the site claims firstly that this “find your self” theme is not meant to be a mystical spiritual quest. It would probably be better presented as a simple psychological method. In fact he refers to the “fear of life” problem as a “psychological auto-immune disease” for which the act of looking within is simply “medicine”.
His method is, first, to recognise that you can move your attention around at will. Second, that you have a feeling of what it is to be “me”, a feeling that you can either discover directly just by looking for it, or indirectly by going to a normal childhood memory and remembering what it felt like to be you at that time.
This feeling of “me” is not mysterious or esoteric. It’s pretty straightforward and we typically take it for granted, chasing after emotions and external or internal stimuli.
But according to the theory, this “me” feeling is what we actually desire. It’s something that never really changes, and once we look at it with our attention (intentionally, I presume), it sets in motion a gradual but more thorough psychological change.
As far as I can tell, what happens is that when we look at that feeling of “me” while understanding that this “me” is the antidote to the fear of life, all our fear-based psychological habits become superfluous. They don’t vanish overnight, but their motive force – the fear – no longer has such power because you now know that this “me” is your unchanging and consistent internal reference-point.
Anyway, that’s how I see it. It has a great deal in common with elements of spiritual practice in Vedanta and Buddhism. And to be fair to the ‘spiritual’ side of it, spirit and soul are proto-scientific terms. Psychology is, after all, the logic of the soul.
In Vedantan or Buddhist terms, I think this little method is picking up on the theme of misidentification: that we wrongly identify with impermanent or illusory things, whether they be ‘external’ like reputation, career, etc., or ‘internal’ like positive or negative emotions, thoughts, intellectual process, etc.
Some methods teach us to disidentify or ‘see through’ those objects, those false selves or idols. Others focus on finding the ‘true self’ within. But as the author notes, this has accrued a great deal of spiritual baggage along the way.
It is my experience that there is one desire that drives us all and that is the desire to know what I am. This desire, in most lives, for most of the time, is wrongly understood and projected upon objects of acquisition or aversion. It is projected upon objects of acquisition like relationships, power, money, position in the herd, education, and understanding. The seeking after understanding as a way of quenching the thirst of this desire to know what I am is a huge mistake. The nature of this desire is denied, is unrecognized. It is not recognized to be the desire to know what I am but it is easy to see it in operation, as we are continuously trying to understand our story, to put it in a good context, to fix it, to shape it, to get rid of the things that cannot be if I am to be what I must be, in order to accept myself.
The endless effort to run the memory tape of my life, so I have a consistent and coherent structure that I can call “me,” which, of course, always fails. Moment to moment, it fails. This story about what I am, the story that entails and incorporates all of my emotions and feelings, unconscious urges, the things that I do in the world, the things that I have done, even the thoughts that come to my mind, this is an endless backbreaking doomed-to-failure effort to provide a structure, a face, a shape that is stable and safe, and that I can say, “That is me.” There are always these things about me popping up, that I have to say “It’s not me.” But that is the desire that drives it all and the culture is porous to this reality. It shows up all the time. “Be all that you can be.” “That is not who I am.” “Let me be who I am.” It is porous to the understanding of what is really driving us.
Even so, it’s very easy for people to pick up this non-spiritual theory and turn it into another spiritualised practice. I can see traces of it already, where people grab hold of key phrases and imbue them with significance that says implicitly “If I can just follow this practice, then I will be happy”. It’s entirely possible to fall into the trap of thinking “If I can only realise that happiness is not contingent on anything, then I’ll be happy!”
It helps that the guy putting forward this theory does not have the usual trappings of a guru or cult-leader. It’s very easy to not be invested in something I’ve just read on a website written by some American guy I’ll never meet.
Maybe that’s why it worked: there’s no implication that this “me” you need to look at is esoteric or religious or whatever. It’s just a psychological base that, when identified, provides stability and a frame of reference to undercut our hyperactive and otherwise all-absorbing emotional and cognitive states.
It’s like discovering that you don’t drink enough water…and then a bunch of other issues and behaviours turn out to be caused by moderate dehydration.
I would say that “fear of life” is likely derived from the sense that life’s fluidity and unexpected changes can profoundly effect us. The sense of “me” is like a built-in safety-mechanism that prevents us from being totally overwhelmed or overrun or changed. But like any safety-mechanism, it can’t reassure you if you don’t know it’s there.
Tagged anxiety, Buddhism, fear, impermanence, Just One Look, proto-science, psychology, reassurance, search for happiness, true self, Vedanta
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__label__wiki
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wandelen in Griekenland
', '')}">Ga naar de website van <%- tour.operator.name.replace(/[']/g, "") %></a> </div> <div class="col-xs-1"></div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="btnContainer"> <% if (tour.price > 0) { %> <span class="tourBtn priceContainer">v.a. € <%- tour.price.split(".")[0] %></span> <% } %> </div> <br><br> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal" style="border:1px solid #ccc">Sluiten</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-sm-2"> <a class="infoBtn tourBtn" target="_blank" href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#tourModal<%- tour.id%>"><img class="infoImg" src="/images/site/ui/icons/info.svg" alt="i" /></a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <div class="btnContainer"> <% if (tour.price > 0) { %> <span class="tourBtn priceContainer">v.a. € <%- tour.price.split(".")[0] %></span> <% } %> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <% } %> <% }); %> <% if ((typeof(view) != 'undefined') && view.mode == 'list') { %> </table> <% } %> <% } %> </div> <% if (false && typeof(sort) != 'undefined') { %> <div class="searchResultsSortContainer" style="padding-top:5px;"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="searchResultsSort" style="text-align:center; cursor:pointer"> Sorteer op: <% if (sort.crit == 'country') { %><strong>land</strong><% } else { %><a class="sortLink" onclick="return searchResults.sort.update('country')">land</a><% } %> <% if (sort.crit == 'level') { %><strong>zwaarte</strong><% } else { %><a class="sortLink" onclick="return searchResults.sort.update('level')">zwaarte</a><% } %> <% if (sort.crit == 'price') { %><strong>prijs</strong><% } else { %><a class="sortLink" onclick="return searchResults.sort.update('price')">prijs</a><% } %> <% if (qryContainsCatGroup) { %> <% if (sort.crit == 'bookperiod') { %>datum<% } else { %><a class="sortLink" onclick="return searchResults.sort.update('bookperiod')">datum</a><% } %> <% } %> </div> </div> </div> </div> <% } %> <% if (false && typeof(view) != 'undefined') { %> <div class="searchResultsViewContainer" style="padding-top:5px;"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="searchResultsView" style="text-align:center; cursor:pointer"> Toon: <% if (view.mode == 'detail') { %><strong>detail</strong><% } else { %><a class="viewLink" onclick="return searchResults.view.update('detail')">detail</a><% } %> <% if (view.mode == 'list') { %><strong>lijst</strong><% } else { %><a class="viewLink" onclick="return searchResults.view.update('list')">lijst</a><% } %> </div> </div> </div> </div> <% } %> <% if (typeof(nav) != 'undefined') { %> <% if (typeof(view) == 'undefined' || view.mode != 'list') { %> <div class="searchResultsNavContainer" > <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="searchResultsNav bottom"> <% if (searchResults.nav.hasPrev()) { %> <a class="navLeft" onclick="return searchResults.nav.prev()"> </a> <% } %> <%- nav.start + 1 %> - <%- ((nav.start + nav.perpage) > nav.total) ? 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Is Ben Carson the worst or the best surrogate of all time? Yes.
By Ben Terris
Ben Terris
Feature reporter covering national politics
Ben Carson speaks with delegates at the Maine GOP Convention in Bangor on April 22 — part of his campaign on behalf of former rival Donald Trump. (Robert F. Bukaty/Associated Press)
Ben Carson, the neurosurgeon turned presidential candidate turned unfiltered pitchman for Donald Trump and now part of the presumptive nominee’s vice presidential search committee, sat in the back of a Town Car with his wife, Candy, on his way to a televised interview. He had just explained to the reporter riding along that he wanted no role in a Trump administration when news arrived of a new poll naming him as the best-liked of a list of potential running mates.
“Who else was on the list?” he asked quietly, maintaining his usual inscrutable calm. The most favorably regarded contenders after himself, he was told, were John Kasich, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Sarah Palin and Chris Christie.
“Those are all people on our list,” he said.
“Well, not you,” Candy reminded him sharply.
That the Trump campaign might want its potential VP picks held close to the vest didn’t seem to occur to Carson. He’s not the type to keep his candid thoughts to himself.
(Update: After this story was published, Carson called to clarify his comments: "When it comes to who could be the vice president and you name a list of people," he said. "I’m going to say yes to everybody, everybody could potentially be considered, doesn’t mean they are on the shortlist.")
Former rival Ben Carson endorsed Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump March 11 in Palm Beach, Fla., saying he feels "philosophical and spiritual alignment" with the frontrunner. (Reuters)
It’s an attribute typically unbecoming of a “surrogate,” campaign shorthand for the high-profile friend-of-the-candidate assigned to offer up flattering comments and spin away the controversies. Since joining Team Trump, Carson has acknowledged that the mogul wasn’t his top choice and that supporting him was merely “pragmatic.” He’s called into question Trump’s Twitter habits, said he “has major defects” and recently went off-message by suggesting they might consider picking a Democrat for the ticket.
[Ben Carson risked his reputation to run for president — fueled by his sense of destiny]
And despite all that, or perhaps because of it, he apparently has earned the trust of Trump, speaking to the candidate a few times a week, making the rounds on television on his behalf, calling up House Speaker Paul D. Ryan ahead of Trump’s meeting on Capitol Hill and, yes, helping campaign manager Corey Lewandowski come up with a list of possible VP candidates.
Carson says there’s no plan to pull a Dick Cheney and suggest himself. Having already run for president, Carson understands he’s a lightning rod for controversy, and Trump doesn’t need help sparking fires.
“He’s not interested,” said Armstrong Williams, Carson’s business manager and friend. “But miracles can happen, right?”
Williams added: “But I don’t see that miracle happening.”
And then: “But we’ve seen stranger things, right?”
Yes, yes we have. Not the least of which has been watching Carson say things that would get any other surrogate benched, only to be elevated within the campaign. He’s what some commentators have called “the worst surrogate ever.” Which raises the question: Is Carson the best surrogate ever?
No, he’s not.
Or is he?
Ben Carson, right, confers with Trump adviser Paul Manafort at a gathering in Florida last month. (Joe Skipper/Reuters)
Carson announced his endorsement of Trump in early March, and almost immediately he acknowledged that Trump wasn’t his first choice. (Lynne Sladky/AP)
Not long ago, Donald Trump stood on a stage in front of thousands of Iowans accusing Carson of fabricating parts of his life story, calling him “pathological” and comparing him to a child molester. No big deal, Carson says today. He didn’t take it personally.
“It just means he’s like a typical politician,” Carson said; at the time, he noted, he was creeping up on Trump in the polls. “Other politicians might not be as colorful, but they do the same things.”
Carson puts greater weight on another moment he shared with Trump. It was during the ABC debate in February, when Carson, waiting in the wings to be introduced, didn’t hear his name come through the loudspeaker. He remained standing offstage, hands clasped. Cruz, Rubio and Bush all breezed past him to take their spots at the lecterns, but when Trump was called, he, too, hesitated in the wings.
To viewers at home, they looked like a pair of middle school drama students who had both missed their cue. But Carson saw Trump’s pause as a deliberate gesture to ease his awkwardness.
“That showed the kind of person that he is, to stand by me even though it did nothing for him personally,” Carson said.
“They stood together that day like brothers,” said Williams, one of Carson’s closest confidants. “That was a very important moment.”
[Donald Trump knew ‘The Apprentice’ would boost his brand. It did much more than that.]
Shortly after dropping out of the race, Carson headed to Mar-a-Lago to have breakfast with Trump. He hadn’t endorsed anyone yet but was leaning toward giving his support to the reality star who cared as little about political correctness — or, some would say, polite discourse — as he did. They sat in an ornate room eating fruit and talking about, as Carson might put it, the fruit salad of each other’s lives.
“I wanted to make sure we were on the same page, and we were,” Carson said. In mid-March, he endorsed. He stumbled right out of the gate, telling the conservative website Newsmax that Trump wasn’t his first pick and that he had been promised some sort of advisory role in the administration.
Or was it a stumble?
“No one is going to believe him if he came out and said Trump is the perfect candidate, because he isn’t the perfect candidate,” explained Deana Bass, Carson’s former spokeswoman. “If he did that, Dr. Carson would lose the respect he’s earned for not telling the truth as he sees it.”
Good doctors don’t sugarcoat bad situations. If a patient requires an unpleasant but necessary procedure — say, a spinal tap or an enema — any physician worth his scrubs will warn that it’s going to be rough, not gonna lie, but it’s the best path forward. In other words, what critics see as Carson’s gaffes are really just part of his bedside manner: Look, this candidate comes with some unpleasant side effects — but if he couldn’t heal the country, I wouldn’t be prescribing him.
[Trump’s own Beltway establishment guy: The curious journey of Don McGahn]
“Would I and everyone always prefer someone who is completely consistent 100 percent of that time? Yes,” Carson said. “But who is that? Who is that person?”
Trump may have changed positions on a number of issues, but on the “spectrum of deceit” Carson sees Hillary Clinton as being much worse.
“That’s why I made it very clear that this is a pragmatic choice,” he said: Trump, he thinks, is the Republican who has a chance of winning. “It’s sort of like: Would you rather have a cut on your finger or have both your legs cut off?”
Vote Trump: Doctors agree, he’s better than having your legs chopped off.
“The left-wing media loves to say I’m a terrible surrogate, but I pay so little attention to it,” Carson said. “If I said their mother was a good person, they’d find something terrible to say about it.”
But it’s not just people on the left who think the doctor should surgically remove his foot from his mouth.
“If I were to grade him, I’d give him a B-minus,” said Doug Watts, Carson’s former communications director. “He wings it a little bit too much.” Watts, who is now working for a new pro-Trump super PAC, the Committee for American Sovereignty, took particular issue with Carson saying they might pick a Democrat as a vice president.
“That wasn’t helpful,” said Watts, who thinks Trump has already had enough trouble proving he’s a conservative. “He would say it’s just him not being a politician, but I’d say it’s him not being mentally prepared.”
[The year that geeky campaign-strategy talk went mainstream]
Not so fast, Doug, don’t put words in Ben’s mouth. Let’s let him speak for himself.
“I’m not a politician, and I will never be a politician,” Carson said when asked about his propensity to go off script.
It’s not a lack of preparation, he says, so much as a matter of being true to himself. Yes, he said that Trump has defects, because all people have defects. Sure, he said he’d consider a Democrat, if they could find one that stood strong on all parts of the Constitution, including the Second Amendment. And of course there will be times he disagrees with the candidate he is standing behind. “If two people agree all the time,” Carson said, “then one of those people isn’t necessary.”
Trump isn’t perfect, says Carson, seen here talking with the mogul after his endorsement, but he’s better than the alternative. “It’s sort of like: Would you rather have a cut on your finger or have both your legs cut off?” (Lynne Sladky/AP)
The Town Car dropped them off at the TV station, where Ben and Candy retreated to a conference room to wait. They idly watched an episode of “Mike and Molly” while leaving a hospitality plate of sugar cookies untouched.
“Is that Paul Blart the mall cop?” Candy asked.
“I don’t know,” said a staffer with Sinclair Broadcast Group, the company hosting the evening’s event, an hour-long conversation in front of a small studio audience.
Not much for sitcoms, Ben Carson turned to Greg Massoni, a Sinclair executive producer, and began talking Trump.
23 well-known people who support Donald Trump
See who supports Donald Trump.
Paul D. Ryan The House speaker endorsed Trump’s bid for president on June 2. Joshua Roberts/Reuters
“Part of the problem is this whole my-way-or-the-highway mentality that makes people your enemy,” said Carson, who once claimed Obamacare was the worst thing to happen to the country since slavery. “I would strongly suggest to Donald Trump, and he will do this, that even when you have the advantage, you should be respectful of the other side.”
“You promise that he’s going to do that?” Massoni asked with a chuckle.
“He can’t do it now because now he’s got to win,” Carson said, leaning back in his chair and tapping his hands together. “It’s a difficult line to walk. You don’t want to turn off all the people who supported you because you are like that, but you don’t want to get so far out that other people will never support you.”
“You wouldn’t allow your 12-year-old to act that way,” Massoni said.
“No, I wouldn’t,” said Carson, who for a while had a habit of comparing the trajectory of this nation to Nazi Germany. “But by the same token, look at the people like me or Mike Huckabee — nice, decent, caring and respectful of others. Where does that get people? Not very far.”
The “Mike and Molly” studio audience laughed and clapped. The credits rolled, and then “The Big Bang Theory” was beginning.
Carson stood up and flipped through the channels, stopping on a news program that happened to be talking about him. Although it wasn’t technically another sitcom, it sure feels like it sometimes.
Ben Terris Ben Terris is a writer in The Washington Post's Style section with a focus on national politics. He previously worked at National Journal, where he wrote political features primarily focused on Congress. Follow
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Sarah Sanders ditches briefings for Fox — so that’s what the press corps is watching
By Erik Wemple
Erik Wemple
Media critic with a focus on the ups and downs and downs of the cable-news industry.
Media critic
President Trump cares about what’s on Fox News; he tweets a great deal of the network’s material, especially from its morning show “Fox & Friends.” Trump’s supporters care about what’s on Fox News; it’s where they’ll find supportive commentary from the likes of Sean Hannity and many others. The Erik Wemple Blog cares about what’s on Fox News; denouncing its frequent abominations and proclaiming its occasional glories are part of this job.
There’s another group that cares more than ever about what’s on Fox News: correspondents hunkered down at the White House, seeking interviews with top officials.
“It’s generally, like, you just watch Fox and run outside,” says a White House correspondent.
Keeping tabs on the No. 1 cable-news network helps fill a basic need for White House reporters: Quotes, feedback, clips, audio. That’s because officials like press secretary Sarah Sanders and counselor Kellyanne Conway are highly partial to doing live interviews with Fox News. From the start of the government shutdown (Dec. 22) until last Friday, Sanders did eight interviews on Fox shows of one sort or another (including Fox Business and “Fox News Sunday”) and two on other networks, including an appearance last Friday on CNN, according to Media Matters for America.
These sessions often force Sanders & Co. out of their White House lairs and into the crosshairs of the mainstream media. If the White House press corps, for example, learns that Sanders is doing a “Fox & Friends” interview on the White House lawn at 8:15 a.m., it can take up positions nearby in the hope of lobbing a few questions once she’s done. In an interview on “Fox & Friends” last Wednesday, Sanders herself referenced the arrangement: “I stopped last night after I finished an interview where I took questions. ... I’m sure I’ll do that again here in a few minutes,” she said.
Newshounds are familiar with the Q-and-A sessions that Sanders referenced. The White House official walks up to a cluster of waiting reporters, cameras and microphones and takes a number of questions:
Those opportunities, however, don’t just drop from the gloomy winter sky. Someone has to figure out when Sanders is going out to chat with Fox News. Then someone has to hustle the equipment out the door and set it up. And then someone has to make sure that Sanders, once she’s done with her interview, presents herself to take questions before ducking back into the White House.
“They regularly are on Fox and because they have to come out on the driveway ... If you want on-camera answers to your questions, you have to set up on the driveway,” says Eamon Javers, a White House correspondent who has been with CNBC since 2010. White House reporters can enter the offices of White House communications staffers — Sanders and Hogan Gidley, for example — but they can’t run their cameras in those areas. Outside, though, is fair game. According to Javers, the reportorial scrum formerly shadowed White House officials as they walked back inside from their TV interviews, but that got messy: Cameras and audio equipment and bodies often got tangled up. So the crew established a beachhead of sorts on the driveway near the spot where the officials reenter their workspace.
White House reporters have long chased officials around the complex, of course. These days, though, it’s a higher-stakes proposition. “In past years, you’d see a handful of reporters buttonholing administration officials back and forth to live shot positions. But now, it feels like the bulk of the White House press corps is trundling after nearly every official who comes out on the driveway,” says Javers. Such are the exigencies of these times: Sanders’s absence from the lectern has helped the Trump White House establish an all-time record lapse in on-camera briefings. "Look, we’ll see what happens,” she said when asked on “Fox & Friends” whether she was done with this former staple of White House accountability. Gidley, for his part, said on Fox News that his colleague Sanders would resume briefings “when she finds a reason to do that.” Apparently she hasn’t yet found the informing-the-public reason.
Deprived of regular briefings, White House correspondents scramble to attend these impromptu sessions on the driveway. There’s an “informal grapevine of which officials are going on Fox News at what time,” says Javers, adding that other networks also get in on the act. Camera operators share gossip with reporters and producers. Schedules materialize on the fly. The chaotic chase-and-ask scene has come to resemble reporting on Capitol Hill, notes Javers, where reporters are forever scrumming and waiting and tailing lawmakers in pursuit of reaction quotes.
The reward for all this hustle on the White House grounds is meager: The extemporaneous “gaggles” feature a lot of shouting, the same non- and half-answers from Sanders and, given the setting, even less chance for substantive exchanges than in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room. Another drawback is that the gaggles give Sanders and other officials a better chance to inventory the questions being shouted by reporters, the better to ignore ones they don’t like.
We asked Sanders on Friday why, if she boasts on Fox News about being available for gaggles, she doesn’t just do the briefings. We didn’t receive a reply by press time.
Olivier Knox, president of the White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA), has pressed the White House to stage regular, traditional briefings — such as the one last August with Sanders and Pentagon officials who handle the repatriation of remains of U.S. soldiers who fell in the Korean War, a development stemming from the Trump-Kim Jong Un summit of June 2018. “That was one of the best briefings I’ve attended at the White House ... and that’s the kind of briefing we can’t replicate on the driveway,” says Knox.
When the briefings existed, there was considerable debate about their value. Actually, the debate centered on precisely how dubious was their value, given the lies, the dodges and the we’re-short-on-time chicken-outs. “Send the interns,” counseled New York University media guy Jay Rosen. Others advocated a media boycott of the briefings.
Wherever you stand on this spectrum, a reality is emerging from the White House: Whether the setting is a scheduled, substandard briefing or a nonscheduled sub-substandard gaggle on White House asphalt, reporters seek answers. That’s what they do.
Erik Wemple: Ten takeaways from Sarah Sanders’s disappearance from White House briefings
The Post’s View: The White House daily briefings are disappearing — as are democratic norms
James Downie: What is the point of Sarah Sanders?
Erik Wemple: Sarah Sanders on her legacy wish: ‘Transparent and honest’
Jennifer Rubin: Sarah Sanders has a knack for lying
Erik Wemple: ‘No one is perfect’: Here’s how Sarah Huckabee Sanders excuses Trump’s conduct
Erik Wemple Erik Wemple, The Washington Post's media critic, focuses on the cable-news industry. Before joining The Post, he ran a short-lived and much publicized local online news operation, and for eight years served as editor of Washington City Paper. Follow
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Democrats announce a dozen 2020 presidential debates starting in June
The stage is prepped for a Democratic debate in April 2016 in Brooklyn. (Melina Mara/The Washington Post)
By Michael Scherer
Michael Scherer
National political reporter covering campaigns, Congress and the White House
Democratic presidential candidates will meet in June for the first of at least 12 planned primary debates of the 2020 election cycle, under a plan released Thursday by party officials who said they were determined to create large debate audiences with broad candidate participation.
Entry to the early debate stages will be determined by a combination of polling, grass-roots financial support and other factors, in an effort to include candidates who are not registering nationally in public opinion surveys.
If the number of candidates is too large to host at a single event, the party plans to hold two events in the same location on consecutive nights, after randomly dividing the candidates in a public selection process. That would increase the number of actual debates beyond a dozen.
“Drawing lots strikes me as the fairest way to make sure everyone gets a fair shake,” Democratic National Committee Chairman Thomas Perez said Thursday. “We want our candidates to be able to articulate their vision of America. We don’t want debates to be discussions of what your hand size is. We want debates to be discussions of health care.”
As it did in the last presidential election, the Democratic Party will threaten to punish candidates who participate in debates outside of the official schedule. But candidates are welcome to attend forums or town halls with their competitors, as long as they appear in sequence and do not directly engage with each other before voters.
Democratic officials have been meeting for months with media partners and veterans of the last campaign to create the debate plan, with the goal of avoiding the controversy that defined the last debate process.
How would you narrow the 2020 Democratic field? View Graphic
How would you narrow the 2020 Democratic field?
The 2016 debate plan was drafted in close consultation with advisers to Hillary Clinton, but not her rivals. It started the debates in mid-October 2015, allowed only three debates before the new year and scheduled the debates at times when they were less likely to be watched. Clinton’s two primary rivals, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and former Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley, both claimed the process had been rigged in her favor.
In total, Clinton debated her Democratic rivals nine times over the course of seven months. An analysis by NDN, a Democratic think tank, found television viewership of the 12 Republican primary debates in 2016 was about 186 million, more than double the 72 million people who tuned in for the Democratic debates.
This time, Democrats will host at least six debates in 2019, all of them in states that do not hold early primary or caucus contests. There will be at least six more debates in early 2020, including meetings in Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina.
The first two debates will be held in June and July. After an August break, they will continue on a monthly basis through the rest of the year. The last debate in 2020 is now scheduled for April.
The debate reforms are part of a larger effort by Perez to make the Democratic nomination process more transparent and maximize the involvement of voters. Up to this point, Democratic officials have not consulted with prospective 2020 candidates or their staffs on the debate planning, unless those people were involved in the 2016 primary campaign.
“Even the perception of impartiality or an unfair advantage undermines our ability to win,” Perez wrote to fellow members of the party in November of 2017.
Since then, the Democratic National Committee has reduced the voting power of party officials, known as “superdelegates,” while encouraging states to hold primaries instead of caucuses, which tend to get less people involved. State parties holding caucuses will be required to accept absentee votes in 2020.
“Our north star principles are clear: making sure every candidate gets a fair shake and making sure voters across the country have an ample opportunity to get to know our nominees,” Perez said.
The exact qualifications for making the debate stage will be announced in January. The dates, locations and media partners for the events will also be released early next year.
For lesser-known candidates, the debates are a crucial moment to showcase their qualifications, and several candidates are likely to lobby the committee in the coming weeks to make sure they can be included in the cutoff for the first debate.
“I’d also like to see online engagement factored in, embracing the way that people engage with politics in the 21st century,” said Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Calif.), who has been edging toward his own presidential campaign. “Polling has been off in the last few years, as we’ve seen. When you have a lot of qualified, talented candidates running there’s no avoiding a big dinner table.”
Several potential candidates and their advisers responded positively to the Perez plan.
“My first piece of advice was not to have one campaign set up the schedule, then send it out like it’s the DNC’s own,” said Jeff Weaver, Bernie Sanders’s campaign manager in 2016, who met with Democratic officials as they were drafting the proposal. “That’s not happening now.”
Pete Buttigieg, the South Bend, Ind., mayor who is considering his own presidential campaign, said the party had gone out of its way “to make sure it’s a fair process this time.”
Others agreed. “It feels like a reasonable approach,” said Rep. John Delaney (D-Md.), who entered the race more than a year ago but has polled far behind better-known candidates.
David Weigel in Des Moines contributed to this report.
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Nationals/MLB
Special K’s: Max Scherzer’s 20-strikeout night is an ode to efficiency
Max Scherzer celebrates his 20-strikeout night with catcher Wilson Ramos on Wednesday night. (John McDonnell/The Washington Post)
By Barry Svrluga
Barry Svrluga
Sports columnist with beat writing experience on baseball, golf, the NFL, college basketball and college football
When 35,695 fans are standing on every two-strike pitch, when Max Scherzer has that half-strut, half-stalk going across the infield and up the back of the mound to fire yet another 97-mph fastball directly through a bat, spending nearly $400 million to secure a pair of pitchers suddenly doesn’t seem like such a risky deal after all.
Think about the potential dynamic that might be created at Nationals Park. Hey, Stephen Strasburg, you just signed a $175 million extension to stay here in Washington? Well I’m Max Scherzer, and you want to know why I’m worth $35 million more than you?
Here’s why: Scherzer on Wednesday night matched a major league record with 20 strikeouts, obliterating his former team, the Detroit Tigers, in what was a clinic not just in pitching, but in both showmanship and one-upsmanship.
[Max Scherzer ties MLB record with 20 strikeouts in 3-2 win]
The people who showed up for the Bryce Harper bobbleheads? They were reminded what it means when Scherzer takes the mound, focused and fearsome.
Nationals’ Max Scherzer throws no-hitter against the Pirates
After coming within inches of a no-hitter in his last start, the Washington pitcher blanked Pittsburgh for the Nationals’ second no-hitter and came within a single out of a rare perfect game.
June 20, 2015 Narionals pitcher Max Scherzer throws a pitch against the Pittsburgh Pirates batter in the first inning at Nationals Park. Rob Carr/Getty Images
“On any given night,” Harper said, “he can go out there and do something special.”
So add this 3-2 victory to Scherzer’s growing résumé of put-it-on-the-mantle moments. Last June , he threw a no-hitter against Pittsburgh that was a two-out, bottom-of-the-ninth hit batsman away from being a perfect game. Last October, he followed it up with another no-hitter, this against the New York Mets, in which he struck out 17.
And now this, an ode to efficiency. In an era when some pitchers visibly tire after 96 pitches, Scherzer threw 96 for strikes.
Think about that a second. Tim Lincecum of the San Francisco Giants dialed up 96 strikes in his 2013 no-hitter against San Diego, the most recent pitcher to throw that many. He needed 148 pitches to do it. Clayton Kershaw of the Dodgers slung 96 strikes that same year against the Nats in 82/3 innings. He needed 132 pitches. Justin Verlander, back in 2012 — when he was teammates with Scherzer on the Tigers — also dealt 96 strikes against the Yankees. He, too, needed 132 pitches.
This was Scherzer Wednesday night: 96 strikes in 119 pitches . No one, in the history of the game, has thrown so many strikes in so few pitches, according to baseball-reference.com. The previous “record,” if it can be termed such a thing, would be from Roy Oswalt, when he pitched for Houston and needed 125 pitches to throw 98 strikes in a shutout of Milwaukee in 2001.
So this was everything — history on the face of it, for sure, because that “20” under the “K” category in the box score has been matched just four other times in nine innings. But also in difficult-to-capture ways. Yes, his start was marred by solo homers to Jose Iglesias and J.D. Martinez. But forget all those frustrating nights, screaming at the TV, pleading with a pitcher to throw strike one. Scherzer faced 33 hitters Wednesday. He started 24 of them with a strike.
Here it is. Try to hit it.
“To me, he had better stuff tonight than he did in either no-hitter,” Nationals General Manager Mike Rizzo said.
It is a measure of the command needed to accomplish this that Scherzer walked no one. Strikeout pitchers are supposed to be wild, right? Throwing the ball at that velocity must compromise control.
But the three pitchers who have now authored 20-strikeout performances over nine innings — Boston’s Roger Clemens, first in 1986 and then in 1996 , then Kerry Wood of the Chicago Cubs in 1998 and now Scherzer — have combined for, get this, zero (0) walks.
Dusty Baker is 66. He played in 2,039 major league games. He managed his 3,210th Wednesday night.
[Brewer: Bryce Harper needs to manage his emotions]
“That was the best performance I’ve seen in person,” Baker said, succinctly and confidently.
It was, then, a night to recognize and celebrate history. But there’s an important, more focused view here too. Scherzer entered this game with a 4.60 ERA. In his last start, he allowed four homers to the Cubs. He was, quite honestly, searching for a better version of himself.
The Tigers helped him find it, in part because he was admittedly amped to face his old mates. And that is Scherzer’s personality: amped brings that strut. Amped, in such situations, brings performance.
“When he’s not predictable, he’s very, very difficult to hit,” Rizzo said. “That’s what it was. When he’s mixing and matching, and he’s not worried about the fourth time through the lineup the first time through the lineup. . . . ”
It is part of Scherzer’s standard for himself, that he’s going to pitch deep into games. Yet he must realize he can’t strike out 20 before you strike out one.
“He sometimes thinks, ‘How do I get through eight or nine in the first and second?’ ” Rizzo said.
“And all of a sudden he’s going, ‘I’m going to show them my fastball the first time through, and then I’m going to show them my other stuff.’ ”
Wednesday, he showed them all of it in every inning. And so, here we are, with both Scherzer and Strasburg in the same town. The former is in just the second year of his seven-year, $210 million contract. The latter doesn’t start his new deal till next season. There may be worries about how all this looks in, say, 2020.
But for another night, at least, Max Scherzer put aside any risk and the angst, and etched his name in a place from which it can’t be removed.
Barry Svrluga Barry Svrluga became a sports columnist for The Washington Post in December 2016. He arrived at The Post in 2003 to cover football and basketball at the University of Maryland and has covered the Washington Nationals, the Redskins, the Olympics and golf. Follow
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kôr ´ , k –, Korean Hanguk or Choson, region and historic country (85,049 sq mi/220,277 sq km), E Asia. A peninsula, 600 mi (966 km) long, Korea separates the Sea of Japan (called the East Sea by Koreans) on the east from the Yellow Sea (and Korea Bay [or West Korea Bay], a northern arm of the Yellow Sea) on the west. On the south it is bounded by the Korea Strait (connecting the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea) and on the north its land boundaries with China (c.500 mi/800 km) and with Russia (only c.11 mi/18 km) are marked chiefly by the great Yalu (Korean Amnok ) and Tumen (Korean Duman or Tuman ) rivers.
The Korean peninsula is largely mountainous; the principal series of ranges, extending along the east coast, rises (in the northeast) to 9,003 ft (2,744 m) at Mt. Paektu (Baekdu), the highest peak in Korea. Most rivers are relatively short and many are unnavigable, filled with rapids and waterfalls; important rivers, in addition to the Yalu and Tumen, are the Han, the Geum, the Taedong (Daedong), the Nakdong, and the Seomjin. Off the heavily indented coast (c.5,400 mi/8,690 km long) lie some 3,420 islands, most of them rocky and uninhabited (of the inhabited islands, about half have a population of less than 100); the main island group is in the Korean Archipelago in the Yellow Sea. The climate of Korea ranges from dry and extremely cold winters in the north to almost tropical conditions in parts of the south.
Many Koreans are Confucianists or Buddhists, although the people tend to be eclectic in their religious practices. Korean Confucianism, for example, has developed into more of an ethical system than a religion, and its influence is wide and pervasive. Of the various indigenous religions, Chondogyo (a native mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism) is the most influential. South Korea has a large number of practicing Christians, roughly a quarter of the population. (Roman Catholicism was introduced in the late 18th cent., and Protestantism in the late 19th cent.) The North Korean government has actively suppressed religion as contrary to Marxist belief.
Korean is spoken in both countries, and English is often taught in South Korean schools. South Korea has some 200 institutions of higher learning, about one half of which are in Seoul; these include colleges and universities, graduate schools, junior colleges, and other specialized institutions. The emphasis in North Korea has been on specialized and technical education. There are many technical colleges, and the major university, Kim Il Sung, is on the outskirts of Pyongyang.
Korea once had large timber resources. In the North, reforestation and conservation programs have helped reverse the effects of excessive cutting during the Japanese occupation (1910–45). Predominant trees are larch, oak, alder, pine, spruce, and fir. Forests in the South were depleted as a result of illegal cutting after 1945 and damage during the Korean War (1950–53). However, reforestation programs have helped to remedy the loss.
Korea has great mineral wealth, most of it (80%–90%) concentrated in the North. Of the peninsula's five major minerals—gold, iron ore, coal, tungsten, and graphite—only tungsten and amorphous graphite are found principally in the South. South Korea has only 10% of the peninsula's rich coal and iron deposits. Its minerals are widely scattered, and mining operations are generally small scale, although tungsten is an important export item. In the North, modern mining methods have been instituted, and minerals and metals account for a significant portion of the country's export revenue. North Korea is especially rich in iron and coal and has some 200 different minerals of economic value. Some of the other more important minerals that are produced are copper, lead, zinc, uranium, manganese, gold, silver, and tungsten.
Because of the mountainous and rocky terrain, less than 20% of Korean land is arable. Rice is the chief crop, with wet paddy fields constituting about half of the farmland. Paddies are found along the coasts, in reclaimed tidal areas, and in river valleys. Barley, wheat, corn, soybeans, and grain sorghums are also extensively cultivated, especially in the uplands; other crops include cotton, tobacco, fruits, potatoes, beans, and sweet potatoes. Before the country was divided (1945), the colder and less fertile north depended heavily upon the south for food. Agricultural self-sufficiency became a major goal of the North Korean government, and mechanized methods were introduced there in and in the South. Both governments expanded irrigation facilities, constructed numerous dams, and initiated land reclamation projects; however, the North has suffered severe food shortages. Livestock previously played a minor role in Korean agriculture, especially in the North, where the steep and often barren hills are unsuitable for large-scale grazing, but since the end of the Korean War beef has become a significant component of the diet in the South.
The fishing waters off Korea are among the best in the world; the long coastline and numerous islands, inlets, and reefs provide excellent fishing grounds, and the presence of both a warm and a cold current attracts a great variety of species. Species also are raised in aquaculture facilities. Korean deep-sea fishing ships range into the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans; in the 1990s, South Korea's fish catch was the seventh largest in the world.
The Korean economy was shattered by the war of 1950 to 1953. Postwar reconstruction was abetted by enormous amounts of foreign aid (in the North from Communist countries and in the South chiefly from the United States) and intensive government economic development programs. The greatest industrial advances were made during the 1960s; in that decade the South experienced an 85% increase in productivity and a 250% rise in per capita gross national product. Economic development throughout Korea has been uneven, with the South showing significantly greater gains. The per capita gross domestic product of the South is some 20 times that of the North. In the South such consumer goods industries as textiles, garments, and footwear have given way to heavy industry, consumer electronics, and information industries. A great variety of products are now manufactured; these include electrical and electronic equipment, steel, automobiles, chemicals, cement, ships, and ceramic goods.
The North, too, has changed from a predominantly agricultural society (in 1946) to an industrial one; with abundant mineral resources and hydropower, 60% of its national product is now derived from mining and manufacturing. Development was impeded, however, by the rigid economic system, and the economy severely affected by a loss of trading partners after the collapse of the Communist world. In 2002 the government instituted a series of limited economic reforms, including letting markets set prices of many goods and services and permitting private traders. Major North Korean products include iron, steel, and other metals; machinery; military products; textiles (synthetics, wool, cotton, silk); and chemicals.
The industrialization of both North and South has been accompanied by improved transportation. By the end of the Korean War the rail system had been destroyed, and paved highways were almost nonexistent. The railroads have been extensively rebuilt, and in the South high-speed lines connect Seoul with Daegu and Busan in the southeast and Gwangju in the southwest. The South Korean government also has completed a series of superhighways connecting Seoul with numerous major cities. There is domestic air service, and international airports are located at Seoul, Busan, and Pyongyang. The expansion of port facilities at Busan and Incheon has vastly increased their capacity.
Early History to Japanese Rule
The Koreans, descended from Tungusic tribal peoples, are a distinct racial and cultural group. According to Korean legend, Tangun established Old Choson in NW Korea in 2333 BC, and the Korean calendar enumerates the years from this date. Chinese sources assert that Ki-tze (Kija), a Shang dynasty refugee, founded a colony at Pyongyang in 1122 BC, but the first Korean ruler recorded in contemporaneous records is Wiman, possibly a Chinese invader who overthrew Old Choson and established his rule in N Korea in 194 BC Chinese forces subsequently conquered (c.100 BC) the eastern half of the peninsula. Lolang, near modern Pyongyang, was the chief center of Chinese rule.
Koguryo, a native Korean kingdom, arose in the north on both sides of the Yalu River by the 1st cent. AD; tradition says it was founded in 37 BC By the 4th cent. AD it had conquered Lolang, and at its height under King Kwanggaet'o (r.391–413) occupied much of what is now Korea and NE China. In the 6th and 7th cent. the kingdom resisted several Chinese invasions. Meanwhile in the south, two main kingdoms emerged, Paekche (traditionally founded 18 BC, but significant beginning c.AD 250) in the west and Silla (traditionally founded 57 BC, but significant beginning c.AD 350) in the east. After forming an alliance with T'ang China, Silla conquered Paekche and Koguryo by 668, and then expelled the Chinese and unified much of the peninsula. Remnants of Koguryo formed the kingdom of Parhae (north of the Taedong River and largely in E Manchuria), which lasted until 926.
Under Silla's rule, Korea prospered and the arts flourished; Buddhism, which had entered Korea in the 4th cent., became dominant in this period. In 935 the Silla dynasty, which had been in decline for a century, was overthrown by Wang Kon, who had established (918) the Koryo dynasty (the name was selected as an abbreviated form of Koguryo and is the source of the name Korea). During the Koryo period, literature was cultivated, and although Buddhism remained the state religion, Confucianism—introduced from China during the Silla years and adapted to Korean customs—controlled the pattern of government. A coup in 1170 led to a period of military rule. In 1231, Mongol forces invaded from China, initiating a war that was waged intermittently for some 30 years. Peace came when Koryo accepted Mongol suzerainty, and a long period of Koryo-Mongol alliance followed. In 1392, Yi Songgye, a general who favored the Ming dynasty (which had replaced the Mongols in China), seized the throne and established the Choson dynasty.
The Choson (or Yi) dynasty, which was to rule until 1910, built a new capital at Hanseong (Seoul) and established Confucianism as the official religion. Early in the dynasty (15th cent.) printing with movable metal type, which had been developed two centuries earlier, became widely used, and the Korean alphabet was developed. The 1592 invasion by the Japanese shogun Hideyoshi was driven back by Choson and Ming forces, but only after six years of great devastation and suffering. Manchu invasions in the first half of the 17th cent. resulted in Korea being made (1637) a tributary state of the Manchu dynasty. Subsequent factional strife gave way, in the 18th cent., to economic prosperity and a cultural and intellectual renaissance. Korea limited its foreign contacts during this period and later resisted, longer than China or Japan, trade with the West, which led to its being called the Hermit Kingdom.
In 1876, Japan forced a commerical treaty with Korea, and to offset the Japanese influence, trade agreements were also concluded (1880s) with the United States and European nations. Japan's control was tightened after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), when Japanese troops moved through Korea to attack Manchuria. These troops were never withdrawn, and in 1905 Japan declared a virtual protectorate over Korea and in 1910 formally annexed the country. The Japanese instituted vast social and economic changes, building modern industries and railroads, but their rule (1910–45) was harsh and exploitative. Sporadic Korean attempts to overthrow the Japanese were unsuccessful, and after 1919 a provisional Korean government, under Syngman Rhee, was established at Shanghai, China.
In World War II, at the Cairo Conference (1943), the United States, Great Britain, and China promised Korea independence. At the end of the war Korea was arbitrarily divided into two zones as a temporary expedient; Soviet troops were north and Americans south of the line of lat. 38°N. The Soviet Union thwarted UN efforts to hold elections and reunite the country under one government. When relations between the Soviet Union and the United States worsened, trade between the two zones ceased; great economic hardship resulted, since the regions were economically interdependent, industry and trade being concentrated in the North and agriculture in the South.
In 1948 two separate regimes were formally established—the Republic of Korea in the South, and the Democratic People's Republic under Communist rule in the North. By mid-1949 all Soviet and American troops were withdrawn, and two rival Korean governments were in operation, each eager to unify the country under its own rule. In June, 1950, the North Korean army launched a surprise attack against South Korea, initiating the Korean War, and with it, severe hardship, loss of life, and enormous devastation.
After the war the boundary was stabilized along a line running from the Han estuary generally northeast across the 38th parallel to a point south of Kosong (Kuum-ni), with a no-man's land or demilitarized zone (DMZ), 1.24 mi (2 km) wide and occupying a total of 487 sq mi (1,261 sq km), on either side of the boundary. Throughout the 1950s and 60s an uneasy truce prevailed; thousands of soldiers were poised on each side of the demilitarized zone, and there were occasional shooting incidents. In 1971 negotiations between North and South Korea provided the first hope for peaceful reunification of the peninsula; in Nov., 1972, an agreement was reached for the establishment of joint machinery to work toward unification.
The countries met several times during the 1980s to discuss reunification, and in 1990 there were three meetings between the prime ministers of North and South Korea. These talks have yielded some results, such as the exchange of family visits organized in 1989. The problems blocking complete reunification, however, continue to be substantial. Two incidents of terrorism against South Korea were widely attributed to North Korea: a 1983 bombing that killed several members of the South Korean government, and the 1987 destruction of a South Korean airliner over the Thailand-Myanmar border. In 1996, North Korea said it would cease to recognize the demilitarized zone between the two Koreas, and North Korean troops made incursions into the zone. In 1999 a North Korean torpedo boat was sunk by a South Korean vessel in South Korean waters following a gun battle, and another deadly naval confrontation following a North Korean incursion in 2002.
In early 2000, however, the North engaged in talks with a number of Western nations, seeking diplomatic relations, and South and North agreed to a presidential summit in Pyongyang. The historic and cordial meeting produced an accord that called for working toward reunification (though without specifying how) and for permitting visits between families long divided as a result of the war. Given the emotional appeal of reunification, it is likely that the North-South dialogue will continue, despite the problems involved; however, the tensions that developed in late 2002 have, for the time being, derailed any significant further reunification talks. Economic contacts have continued to expand, however, and South Korea has become a significant trade partner for the North. The North also receives substantial aid from the South. In 2007 a rail crossing through the DMZ was symbolically reopened when two trains made test runs on the rebuilt track. Many U.S. troops still remain in the South, though their numbers have decreased since the 1960s.
North Korea, officially Democratic People's Republic of Korea (2005 est. pop. 22,912,000), 46,540 sq mi (120,538 sq km), founded on May 1, 1948, has its capital at Pyongyang, the largest city. North Korea is divided into nine provinces and three special cities.
North Korea, although nominally a republic governed by a representative assembly, is actually ruled by the Communist party (known in Korea as the Korea Workers' party). Until his death in 1994, all governmental institutions were controlled by Kim Il Sung (widely known as The Great Leader), who had been premier and then president since the country's inception in 1948. A personality cult had glorified Kim, but by the mid-1990s the rapid economic growth of North Korea's early years had given way first to stagnation and then to hardship, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the repressive regime. Increasingly, Kim's son, Kim Jong Il, had assumed the day-to-day management of the government and, at Kim Il Sung's death in 1994, the son took over leadership of the country. He was named secretary of the Communist party in 1997 and consolidated his power with the title of National Defense Commission chairman in 1998. Under Kim, diplomatic relations have been established with a number of Western nations.
After the Korean War, the Communist government of North Korea used the region's rich mineral and power resources as the basis for an ambitious program of industrialization and rehabilitation. With Chinese and Soviet aid, railroads, industrial plants, and power facilities were rebuilt. Farms were collectivized, and industries were nationalized. In a series of multiyear economic development plans, the coal, iron, and steel industries were greatly expanded, new industries were introduced, and the mechanization of agriculture was pushed. By the mid-1990s more than 90% of the economy was socialized and 95% of the country's manufactured products were made by state-owned enterprises. A serious postwar population loss, resulting from the exodus of several million people to the South, was somewhat offset by the immigration of Chinese colonists and Koreans from Manchuria and Japan.
North Korea maintained close relations with the Soviet Union and China (military aid treaties were signed with both countries in 1961) but preserved a degree of independence; the Sino-Soviet rift facilitated this. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, China became North Korea's most important ally. The country made some strides toward its goal of self-sufficiency, but large expenditures on its military and centralized control have been drags on the economy.
Relations with the United States remained tense throughout the late 20th cent. because of the U.S. military presence in Korea and its economic assistance to South Korea. In 1968, North Korea seized the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo and imprisoned its crew for 11 months, and in 1969 it shot down an American reconnaissance plane. More recently, the United States imposed (1988) sanctions on North Korea for alleged terrorist activity and expressed concern over reports that North Korea was building a nuclear weapons plant. In 1991 both Koreas joined the United Nations after the North dropped its opposition to such a move.
New tensions mounted on the peninsula in 1994 after confirmation that the country had developed a nuclear program. After direct talks with the United States, North Korea agreed to freeze its nuclear program in return for shipments of oil and the construction of two new light-water reactors for power (the latter were not built, however). North Korea launched a medium-range missile over Japan in 1998; in 1999, the United States agreed to ease trade sanctions against the country in exchange for North Korea's agreement to suspend its missile testing. In a further easing of tensions, high-level visits by U.S. and North Korean officials were exchanged during 2000, and the South's president, Kim Dae Jung, paid a visit to the North. Relations were slow to improve, however, as the North increased its demands for economic aid while failing to fulfill its own pledges.
Continuing economic deterioration in the North led in 2002 to a number of reforms and plans for the establishment of special economic zones in Sinuiju and Kaesong. The North also was accused of attempting to earn hard currency through the illegal drug trade and the counterfeiting of U.S. currency; a North Korean cargo ship was seized by Australia in 2003 after the crew was observed unloading heroin. Moribund negotiations with South Korea and the United States were also revived, while talks with Japan led to an agreement to began normalizing diplomatic relations. Late in 2002, however, oil shipments under the 1994 agreement were halted after revelations that North Korea had a nuclear weapons program; food aid was also reduced. An economically desperate North ended UN supervision of its nuclear facilities, withdrew from the nonproliferation treaty, and made other moves toward the development of nuclear weapons.
Tensions and concerns over the North's pursuit of nuclear weapons continued into 2005. Meanwhile, the United States indicated that it believed that the North had sold enriched uranium to Libya when the latter had been attempting to develop nuclear weapons, while Korea publicly acknowledged that it had nuclear weapons and later stated that it would increase its nuclear arsenal. In Sept., 2005, talks involving the Koreas, the United States, Japan, China, and Russia produced an agreement in which the North said it would abandon its nuclear programs and weapons in return for aid and security commitments. Ambiguities in the agreement, however, led the parties to contest its terms almost immediately when North Korea demanded that it be given a light-water reactor, but U.S. officials said that they had agreed only to discuss doing so (and only after the North had done what it had committed to do).
Also in 2005, the U.S. government imposed sanctions on a Macao bank accused of laundering North Korean earnings from illegal activities, including counterfeiting U.S. money. The move, which came after a four-year investigation and appeared to have been undertaken in part in attempt to force North Korea to make nuclear concessions, led other international banks to limit their transactions with North Korea. In 2006 North Korea called for the sanctions to be lifted before it would engage in further six-party negotiations.
In July, 2006, the North again launched several tests missiles, provoking international condemnation and drawing strong reactions from both the United States and Japan; the United Nations Security Council adopted some limited military sanctions in response. Then, in October, the North conducted a small underground nuclear test. Widely and strongly condemned internationally, including by China, the North's closest ally, the test resulted in additional, largely military sanctions. Japan and a number of other nations adopted more extensive sanctions, but China and South Korea, the North's largest trade partners, both largely avoided placing restrictions on trade, out of concern over a possible military confrontation or economic and political collapse in North Korea.
In Feb., 2007, resumed six-party negotiations led to an agreement that called for the North to shut down its reactor in 60 days in exchange for aid; implementation of the agreement was held up, however, by the North's insistence on regaining access to its funds in Macao, which did not occur until June. The agreement also called for additional aid when further denuclearization steps were achieved. Japan was not a party to the aid agreement because of issues relating to the North's kidnapping of its citizens in the past.
South Korea, officially Republic of Korea (2005 est. pop. 48,423,000), 38,022 sq mi (98,477 sq km), formally proclaimed on Aug. 15, 1948, has its capital at Seoul, the largest city. Busan, the second largest city, is the country's chief port, with an excellent natural harbor near the delta of the Nakdong River. Other important cities are Daegu and Incheon. South Korea is divided into nine provinces and seven independent metropolitan cities. Syngman Rhee, who had established a provisional Korean government in exile in 1919, was elected South Korea's first president in 1948.
Traditionally the agricultural region of the Korean peninsula, South Korea faced severe economic problems after partition. Attempts to establish an adequate industrial base were hampered by limited resources, particularly an acute lack of energy resources; most industry, prior to 1948, had been located in the North. War damage and the flood of refugees from North Korea further intensified the economic problem. The country depended upon foreign aid, chiefly from the United States, and the economy was characterized by runaway inflation, highly unfavorable trade balances, and mass unemployment.
The increasingly authoritarian rule of President Syngman Rhee, along with government corruption and injustice, added to the discontent of the people. The elections of Mar., 1960, in which Rhee won a fourth term, were marked by widespread violence, police brutality, and accusations by Rhee's opponents of government fraud. A student protest march in Apr., 1960, in which 125 students were shot down by the police, triggered a wave of uprisings across the country. The government capitulated, and Rhee resigned and went into exile.
Under the leadership of Dr. John M. Chang (Chang Myun), a new government was unable to correct the economic problems or maintain order, and in May, 1961, the South Korean armed forces seized power in a bloodless coup. A military junta under Gen. Park Chung Hee established tight control over civil freedoms, the press, and the economy, somewhat relaxing restrictions as its power solidified. Park was elected president in 1963, reelected in 1967, and, following a constitutional amendment permitting a third term, again in 1971.
Park's government was remarkably successful in fighting graft and corruption and in reviving the economy. Successive five-year economic development plans, first launched in 1962, brought dramatic changes. Between 1962 and 1972 manufacturing was established as a leading economic sector and exports increased dramatically. In Oct., 1972, President Park proclaimed martial law and dissolved the national assembly, asserting that such measures were necessary to improve South Korea's position in the reunification talks with North Korea. In Dec., 1972, President Park was elected to a new six-year term, under a revised constitution, by a national conference. In 1974, a Korean resident of Japan unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Park in Seoul, fatally wounding Park's wife.
A second assassination attempt on Park, in 1979, was successful, and he was succeeded by Choi Kyu-hah, who instituted military rule. After a period of internal turmoil, Chun Doo Hwan was elected president (1980). Reforms were made to shift power to the national assembly, and the country's dynamic, export-oriented economy continued to grow. Labor unrest and general dissatisfaction with the government, however, led South Korean leaders to draw up a new constitution in 1987, which mandated popular election of the president and a reduction of the presidential term to five years.
Roh Tae Woo, who was elected president and took office in 1988, fought rising inflation rates brought on by South Korea's growing economy. Roh attempted to improve relations with opposition politicians and with the North, also establishing diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union (1990) and China (1992). In 1992, Kim Young Sam, a former opposition leader who had merged his party with Roh's, was elected president, becoming the first civilian to hold the office since the Korean War. President Kim launched a campaign to eliminate corruption and administrative abuse and began to encourage economic cooperation with the North.
In 1996 former presidents Chun and Roh were put on trial on corruption charges and also tried, with 14 former generals, on charges in connection with the 1979 coup following Park's death and the 1980 massacre of prodemocracy demonstrators in Gwangju (Kwangju). Both received prison sentences. Along with other Asian countries, South Korea experienced a financial crisis in late 1997, forcing it to seek assistance from the International Monetary Fund.
In December, voters elected Kim Dae Jung, who had been a prodemocracy dissident during the country's period of military dictatorship, as South Korea's new president. The economy began to recover slowly from the effect of the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis in 1999, and economic reforms promoted sustained growth. Kim worked to open relations with the North, and in 2000 he traveled there for a historic meeting with Kim Jong Il. Subsequent progress in inter-Korean relations, however, was slow, leading many in the South to feel that too many concessions had been made.
Kim Dae Jung's government was hurt by a series of corruption scandals in 2001 and 2002, some of which involved the president's family. The government suffered further embarrassment in 2002 when two nominees for prime minister were rejected by the national assembly. Despite these setbacks, the ruling party's candidate for president, Roh Moo Hyun, won the election in Dec., 2002. Following the election, when North Korea moved to resume its nuclear weapons program, the South pursued a more conciliatory course than that of the United States, and strongly opposed any military action against the North.
A political party funding scandal in 2003 implicated the main South Korean parties and many businesses, but it was overshadowed in early 2004 by the impeachment of the president over a relatively minor election law violation, which involved his public support for the new Uri party (the president is required be politically neutral). The impeachment, which also accused Roh of incompetence, was reversed by the Constitutional Court, which restored him to office in May. In the meantime, Prime Minister Goh Kun was acting president, and the Uri party gained a majority of the National Assembly seats in an April election that amounted to a repudiation by the public of the impeachment. The election was the first in which a liberal party had won control of the South Korean legislature. Roh officially joined the party in May.
In Aug., 2004, Roh announced that executive and administrative functions of the government would be moved to a new capital carved from portions of Yeongi co. and Gongju city in South Chungcheong prov., with construction to begin in 2007 and the relocation to be completed by 2030. Intended to reduce Seoul's economic dominance and overcrowding, the proposal provoked constitutional challenges from its opponents. In October the constitutional court ruled that a referendum or a constitutional amendment would be required before the move could be made.
The South revealed in Aug. and Sept., 2004, that its scientists had twice conducted experiments to enrich nuclear materials. Although the amounts of enriched plutonium and uranium were small, the admissions were embarrassing internationally and did not help the campaign against the North's nuclear program. Relations with Japan were strained in early 2005 over the ownership of the Liancourt Rocks (a perennial source of friction) and over Japanese school history textbooks that downplayed Japan's actions during World War II.
The Uri party, which had been hit by a number of scandals and ministerial resignations since winning control of parliament, lost its narrow majority in that body in Mar., 2005. In Apr., 2006, Han Myung-Sook, a member of the Uri party, became the first woman to be elected prime minister of South Korea; real power in the South Korean government, however, resides with the president. Local elections in May, 2006, resulted in significant losses for the Uri party. After the North's nuclear test in Oct., 2006, South Korea imposed some sanctions and supported the UN-adopted military sanctions, but remained committed to its policy of engagement with the North and the significant economic trade involved. In early 2007, after the Uri party had suffered significant defections in the National Assembly Roh resigned from the party in an attempt to avoid further losses. Prime Minister Han resigned in March, and said she was considering running for president. In April a free-trade agreement was reached with the United States.
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Prescott’s 3rd TD to Cooper lifts Cowboys over Eagles in OT
Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Amari Cooper (19) scores a 15-yard touchdown against the Philadelphia Eagles in overtime of an NFL football game, in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. Dallas won 29-23. (AP Photo/Roger Steinman) (Source: Roger Steinman)
By SCHUYLER DIXON | December 9, 2018 at 8:18 PM EST - Updated December 10 at 10:11 AM
ARLINGTON, Texas (AP) — Amari Cooper's impact on Dallas quarterback Dak Prescott has been dramatic.
The new No. 1 receiver for the Cowboys shook up the NFC East race, too.
Prescott threw his third touchdown pass to Cooper on the first possession of overtime, and the Cowboys took a big step toward the division title with a 29-23 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles on Sunday.
On third down, Rasul Douglas tipped the pass into the air by getting inside the slant route, and Cooper grabbed it and had a clear path to the end zone from the Philadelphia 7 for the 15-yard score. The Cowboys used almost all of the 10-minute overtime, scoring with 1:55 remaining.
"I knew I had the slant route there, but I knew he would sit on it," Cooper said. "I tried to sell the fade. It didn't really work, but I just stayed with the ball and there you have it."
Philadelphia Eagles running back Darren Sproles (43) celebrates his touchdown run against the Dallas Cowboys in the second half of an NFL football game, in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. (AP Photo/Roger Steinman) (Source: Roger Steinman)
By winning the third overtime game in the past four seasons at A&T Stadium between these division rivals, the Cowboys (8-5) won their fifth straight game and took a two-game lead over the defending Super Bowl champion Eagles (6-7) and Washington with three games left.
Carson Wentz threw for three touchdowns, including a pair of tying scores in the fourth quarter. But he never got a chance in overtime because Prescott engineered a 13-play, 75-yard drive.
Prescott overcame two interceptions and a lost fumble to set career highs in completions (42), attempts (54) and yards passing (455).
"Helpless feeling," Wentz said. "I've got a lot of lot of confidence in the defense. They were making plays today. We just didn't do enough early offensively and that cost us."
The Cowboys dominated almost from the start, but let the Eagles stay close to set up a wild fourth quarter. Dallas, which can clinch the NFC East title with a win at Indianapolis next Sunday, finished with 576 yards, the most since gaining 578 against the St. Louis Cardinals in 1973.
Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Amari Cooper (19) celebrates his touchdown against the Philadelphia Eagles in overtime of an NFL football game, in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. (AP Photo/Michael Ainsworth) (Source: Michael Ainsworth)
Cooper finished with a career-high 217 yards receiving on 10 catches in his second game in the past three with at least 180 yards and two scores. All three of Cooper's touchdowns — the others from 75 and 28 yards — were in the fourth quarter and overtime.
Acquired from Oakland for a 2019 first-round draft pick seven games into the season, Cooper leads the NFL with 642 yards receiving since Week 9, his first game with the Cowboys. He had nine catches for 190 yards after halftime.
The Cowboys went for it on fourth-and-1 from the Eagles 19 in overtime and got it with a 1-yard plunge from Ezekiel Elliott, who had 192 yards from scrimmage on 40 touches — 28 carries for 113 yards and 12 catches for 79.
Cooper converted a pair of third downs on the winning drive. The first one was big, too — a 12-yarder on third-and-9 from the Philadelphia 40.
"I was almost I guess I would say astonished that we were able to get that trade," said Prescott, whose has seen a significant jump in completion percentage, yards per game and passer rating in six games with Cooper.
Philadelphia Eagles wide receiver Alshon Jeffery (17) bobbles the ball as he dives past Dallas Cowboys cornerback Chidobe Awuzie (24) for a pass during the second half of an NFL football game in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. Jeffery did not make the catch. (AP Photo/Roger Steinman) (Source: Roger Steinman)
"So I guess if you say that, when we're getting a trade, well, what's wrong? And then to get him and see everything turning out and playing out the way it is, we're very, very fortunate."
Brett Maher set a Dallas franchise record with a 62-yard field goal on the final play of the first half and had three field goals.
The game went from a defensive struggle with missed Dallas opportunities that kept the Eagles close to a wild fourth-quarter shootout.
Wentz thought he had answered the 75-yard touchdown to Cooper with 3:01 remaining with a matching 75-yarder to tight end Dallas Goedert.
But Goedert was called for pass interference, apparently for pushing off against Jeff Heath before bouncing off a helmet-to-helmet hit from Xavier Woods that wasn't called and running to the end zone from midfield.
Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Amari Cooper (19) makes a 15-yard catch in front of Philadelphia Eagles cornerback Rasul Douglas (32) for a touchdown in overtime of an NFL football game, in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. (AP Photo/Michael Ainsworth) (Source: Michael Ainsworth)
Philadelphia scored anyway, with Wentz leading a more methodical march to his third touchdown pass, a 6-yarder to Darren Sproles for a 23-23 tie with 1:39 to go in regulation.
Douglas had the first interception of Prescott in the first half, but couldn't get a second hand on the ball for the depleted Philadelphia secondary against Cooper with the game on the line.
"I played it perfectly," he said. "I couldn't get the other hand in there to get the pick. I tried to bat it down."
Two years ago, the Cowboys won by the same score with a touchdown on the first possession of overtime. Prescott was on his way to NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year honors, and Elliott went on to win the league rushing title as a rookie. The 12-play, 75-yard drive took 7:12 and was capped by Prescott's 5-yard TD to now-retired tight end Jason Witten.
Philadelphia Eagles tight end Dallas Goedert (88) make a catch over Dallas Cowboys strong safety Jeff Heath (38) during the second half of an NFL football game, in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. The play was called back for an offensive penalty. (AP Photo/Michael Ainsworth) (Source: Michael Ainsworth)
LOPSIDED STATS, CLOSE GAME
The Cowboys outgained the Eagles 576-256 and had twice as many first downs (32-16). Dallas ran 93 plays to 48 for Philadelphia and had the ball for 45:33 compared to 22:32 for the Eagles.
"Give them credit for fighting and scratching and clawing and doing the things necessary to stay in the ballgame," Cowboys coach Jason Garrett said.
Cowboys RG Zack Martin left in the second half with a knee injury. The four-time Pro Bowler has been battling a knee issue all season. ... Philadelphia RB Corey Clement injured his right knee when he was stopped for a 4-yard loss late in the first quarter and didn't return. ... Eagles defensive end Josh Sweat left in the first half with an ankle injury and didn't return.
Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Amari Cooper (19) scores on a 75-yard touchdown catch against the Philadelphia Eagles during the second half of an NFL football game, in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. (AP Photo/Ron Jenkins) (Source: Ron Jenkins)
Eagles: At LA Rams next Sunday.
Cowboys: At Indianapolis next Sunday.
Philadelphia Eagles tight end Dallas Goedert (88) pulls in a pass for a touchdown in front of Dallas Cowboys free safety Xavier Woods (25) during the second half of an NFL football game in Arlington, Texas, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018. (AP Photo/Roger Steinman) (Source: Roger Steinman)
Billy Reed: McIlroy’s disastrous start will be hard to overcome, even on home soil
Hard as it may be to believe, Rory McIlroy has not won a major golf championship since the 2014 PGA Championship right here at Valhalla.
Billy Reed
Former Boston Red Sox infielder Elijah "Pumpsie" Green, the first black player on the last major league team to field one, has died. He was 85.
LouCity FC releases seating map, ticket prices for new stadium
John P. Wise
JCC Gators swim to another title
Kent Taylor
Daly returns to Kentucky for Barbasol Championship
Annie Moore
Secret brand deodorant donates $529,000 to US women’s soccer to help close pay gap
Published July 16, 2019 at 11:56 AM
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We Make it Personal.
Whether choosing a traditional burial or cremation, we will help you create a perfect memorial that will reflect the individuality of your loved one. A funeral represents the opportunity to reflect on the meaning of a life that has been lived, and to expand on the meaning of that life with family and friends.
Free Memorial Planning Guide
Webb & Rodrick Chapel and Crematory maintains a tradition of personal attention to our families' needs and individual desires.
The funeral, or memorial service, has long been a ritual in our culture. When a loved one passes away, we immediately start making funeral plans, often without even thinking; holding a memorial is simply what people do. The problem with this familiarity is that it may sometimes prevent us from stopping to think about what the memorial service is for.
Like any ritual, the funeral service is important to maintaining a healthy culture. Funerals, like weddings and holidays, serve as landmarks on our journey, both as people and as individuals. It allows us, as people, to mark and commemorate the ending of a life and provides hope for survivors as they look to the future.
One of the foremost ways in which a funeral service benefits us is that it helps mourners recognize that their loss is real. A body may be displayed, a coffin or urn shown, or words read to solidify for everyone in attendance what has happened. Death, loss, feelings of sorrow and grief.
The funeral is an act of acknowledgment, then, but also an act of redemption. Through a funeral, we can work to transcend the bleakness of our loss and make it into something positive or find closure. The funeral itself reminds us of the real, physical need to support one another, to band together during times of sadness. And as we celebrate the life of our lost loved one, we are inundated with happy memories of life lived together.
Ultimately, the memorial service is for the living - not for the departed. It gives us permission to feel deeply about our loss, and to give our loss a name, while also bidding us to look around at the good.
Personalize a Memorial Service
A Memorial Service celebrates a life lived, and can take many forms. Whatever your wishes, our staff will be pleased to give you full details about our products and services, and help you make your decision.
Every funeral service should be a memorable, warm reflection of the person who has died. All of our services can be personalized to meet your family's needs or wishes. Every life is unique and we make sure each Memorial Service reflects that.
New Section - add your content below
Do I need a Memorial Service?
Experts agree that the benefits of a service are for those who are left behind after a death. A "closure" of sorts must occur to help survivors adjust to their loss and recognize that a death has occurred. A memorial service provides the opportunity for friends and family to celebrate the life that was lived and allow the healing process to begin.
Why do we need funerals?
It's important to recognize that funerals and memorial ceremonies are for the living ... for those who are affected by the loss of a loved one. A funeral is similar to other ceremonies in our lives. Like a graduation ceremony, a wedding, a baptism, and a bar mitzvah, a funeral is a rite of passage by which we recognize an important event that distinguishes our lives.
The funeral declares that a death has occurred. It celebrates the life that has been lived, and offers family and friends the opportunity to pay tribute to their loved one.
Funeral costs vary depending on the funeral home and type of service selected. There are two types of costs associated with a funeral: (1) services provided by the funeral home and (2) merchandise such as a casket or urn. Contact Us for a copy of our General Price List.
What does it mean to personalize a funeral?
Every family is different, and not everyone wants the same type of funeral. Funeral practices are influenced by religious and cultural traditions, costs and personal preferences. These factors help determine whether the funeral will be elaborate or simple, public or private, religious or secular, and where it will be held. They also influence whether the body will be present at the funeral, if there will be a viewing or visitation, and if so whether the casket will be opened or closed.
We understand the value of our services and the importance of personalization, which is why we offer a wide choice of personalization services to help make each service as unique as possible.
We of course welcome any suggestions, questions, or requests that you may have.
Please feel free to contact us directly at 1-620-331-3900 or use our convenient online request form for additional information.
Shawn Shomaker was outstanding with service. His assistant went above and beyond. Larry was so comforting and helpful.
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BREAKING: Prof. Calistus Ndlovu declared National Hero
The Late, former Cabinet Minister Professor Calistus Ndlovu has been declared a National Hero.
The Ministry of Information, Publicity and Broadcasting Services has announced that the Cabinet Subcommittee on State Funerals and Monuments is meeting on Saturday for the caucus at Mukwati Building Board Room on the 11th Floor, Harare.
The late Zanu PF politician and Bulawayo provincial chairperson passed away on Wednesday.
Ndlovu, who was suffering from pancreatic cancer, collapsed at his South African home and was rushed to the hospital, where he died upon arrival.
Mourners are gathered at Ndlovu’s house in Khumalo, Bulawayo
Prof Ndlovu was born on February 9 in 1936 in Plumtree, where he did his primary and secondary education before training as a teacher and enrolling for a Bachelor of Arts degree at Pius XII University College in Lesotho. He joined the National Democratic Party in 1960. He became involved with Zapu in 1963 when he was a student in Lesotho, where he was chairman of the Zapu branch of students and residents in Lesotho.
After independence, Prof Ndlovu was a Central Committee member from 1980 to 1983 and the Bulawayo provincial chairman of the Zimbabwe African National Union (Zanu) from 1984 to 1987. He was a Member of Parliament from 1980 to 1985 and a Member of the Senate from 1985 to 1990.zbc
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ED to lead Chivero clean-up
Remove sanctions on Zimbabwe, says SADC
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ACE Journal of English Language and Literature
ACE Journal of English Language and Literature is an internationally peer reviewed academic journal that publishes recent advancements in the field of English Language and Literature. English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an official language and it is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of many other world and regional international organisations.
Proto-Germanic to Old English
Early Modern English
Spread of Modern English
Pluricentric English
English as a global language
Dialects, accents, and varieties
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Final Fantasy Zack Fair
Photo Gallery of - Final Fantasy Zack Fair
Wiki info
In 2009, Final Fantasy XIII was released in Japan, and in North America and Europe the following year, for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It is the flagship installment of the Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy series and became the first mainline game to spawn two direct sequels (XIII-2 and Lightning Returns). It was also the first game released in Chinese & High Definition along with being released on two consoles at once. Final Fantasy XIV, a MMORPG, was released worldwide on Microsoft Windows in 2010, but it received heavy criticism when it was launched, prompting Square Enix to rerelease the game as Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn, this time to the PlayStation 3 as well, in 2013. Final Fantasy XV is an action role-playing game that was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2016. Originally a XIII spin-off titled Versus XIII, XV uses the mythos of the Fabula Nova Crystallis series, although in many other respects the game stands on its own and has since been distanced from the series by its developers.
Chicken Casserole Recipes With Pasta
Tiger Tattoo Traditional
Andean Flamingo
Sumatran Orangutan Habitat
Cartoon Elephants Holding Tails
Tropical House Plants Identification
Horses Running Tumblr
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An Outsider’s Introduction to Ikkicon – Part 2
Conventions Ikkicon
By Guest Correspondent / January 20, 2010
This is the second part of guest correspondent Quell‘s account of going to an Ikkicon cosplay photo shoot. See part 1 here.
Fellow cosplayers also include the BLU spy, a short, stocky girl with a fake RED engineer mask; the BLU engineer, a soft-spoken burly man in his 20s and the RED engineer, a ranine old woman; the BLU sniper, a large, jolly woman from Australia, and the BLU Medic, a sweet, somewhat ageless lady from New Jersey with a very well-made costume. This was her first cosplay, and all of the cosplays were very well done. I’m struck by how kind everyone is, even though most of us have never met each other before. It’s amazing the icebreaker it is to be dressed as characters of a favorite game. We joke around as if we are all best friends who have been playing Team Fortress 2 together for years, a feat considering I myself have never actually played Team Fortress 2. But I can keep up because I have been told enough of the story by Hays and Karla. All together, ten of us trekked outside to the wild blue Texas winter to find a place to take pictures, eventually settling, as you know, at the light rail station.
While we are posing in character, several people have been passing us, pointing, making faces—reactions that can be expected from people who are confronted with a large group of teenagers posing atop a defunct light rail station, much less dressed mostly in strange blue outfits. This is also not helped by the fact that those taking pictures included a boy dressed as a bright-red brigadier/pirate-thing who insisted on making dramatic poses as he photographed and an imposing, girthy, gothic woman.
At one point, three men who looked to be in their late 20s-early 30s walk up. I’ll admit I am a bit frightened, as they seem like the bullies who had stuck these kids’ heads in toilets in high school. Thankfully, they don’t throw punches. However, they do what groups of men out to prove their machismo do, which is to make fun of us, their entertainment, to spur each other on, and to ask us what we were doing in a way that it’s clear they don’t understand, don’t care, and don’t approve of. They take some of the cosplay weapons and pose with us, making intense faces and “Braveheart” references and taking photos on their own cameras. Thankfully they return the props and leave, but I feel like I have just been put on display at an anthropological exposition, like the American Indians at the World’s Fair. The incident may seem pretty harmless, but shadows fall across some of my new friend’s faces. They shake it off, as it seems they’re used to doing. But as one of the group said later, it was like “Look, we found us some freaks!”
That’s when I realize why people attend cons. Yes, developers and productions companies and whoever else bring panels and screenings; yes, the dealer’s room provides the opportunity for japanophiles and aficionados to find rare foods and items. But that isn’t really the point. What conventions, even a small, badly-organized one like Ikkicon provide, is a forum for friendships to be made.
The night of New Year’s Eve I was surrounded by something I’ll admit I still don’t fully understand, and I was confused and scared by it. I wasn’t involved and I didn’t have anyone I knew or felt anything in common with—so I felt ostracized. What was different while I cosplayed, was that I interacted with those around me. Because of this, I felt included, even though it’s something I’ve never thought I would do and was for a game I have never played. I met some sweet, silly, and incredibly kind people who I might never have talked to if I hadn’t been introduced to their world. When the three jocks came, I was part of the group; I felt hurt for them as well as myself.
People, even though we are all humans, are divided by vast chasms of difference. Little things—a shared interest, a shared goal, a shared enemy, even the ability to inhabit a different character, to be once-removed from our self—help us to bridge those chasms. Everyone is unique, and some can’t help but be so more than others. Because of this, one may feel like the “freak” that everyone else finds and makes fun of, but one finds places where freaks are the celebrated norm.
Cons are not my world. I am terrified by much of what goes on. But I am now a step closer to understanding, and understanding is the cure for nearly all ills.
Guest Correspondent
This article is one of many convention reports written by a guest correspondent! If you are interested in becoming a guest correspondent for a convention, please email editor@animediet.net, and we’ll send you some more info. Thanks!
Tags: convention, Cosplay, guest article, ikkicon
Interview: Ayano Mashiro
By Jeremy / September 10, 2015
Interview: Momoiro Clover Z
By Jeremy / August 5, 2015
AD Top 10 List #1: Top TV Anime of the 2000s
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Cousy
Home > History > Marques > Cousy
Cousy I & II
Georges Cousy lived at Castillon la Bataille, 30 miles east of Bordeaux, France. An ex motorcycle racer, he built two 500 racers in the 1950's. The first car, built in 1952, had a motorcycle engine (probably Norton) and a motorcycle gearbox. Suspension was by transverse leaf spring, front and rear. This car was entered in the Circuit de Paris at Montlhéry on 21st September 1952.
The second car, built in 1955, used a flat opposed twin two-stroke engine of Cousy's design. The crankshaft lay in a fore and aft direction, and drove a gearbox situated behind the rear axle. The rear axle included a differential. The engine crankcase was fed by a Roots supercharger, which only flowed 496cc of air per engine revolution. Because of this, the engine fell within the Formula 3 regulations of the day. The chassis rails were tubular and the suspension was cannibalized from the 1952 car. The bodywork was fiberglass. This car was tested (though not raced) at Montlhéry in late 1955.
Two photos from 2005 when the Cousy II was finally removed from her barn in the South of France
And a pair of photos from 1955
Back on track at the Mallory Park, hairpin in March 2008 in the hands of John Jones
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Home » Featured » Clarin: For ex-U.S. official, ‘Nisman was murdered by his enemies’
Clarin: For ex-U.S. official, ‘Nisman was murdered by his enemies’
Roger Noriega, former Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs of the United States, referred to the controversial death of Alberto Nisman six months after the tragic night that the prosecutor appeared in a pool of blood in his apartment in Le Parc.
“I am convinced that he was killed by his enemies. He wanted the truth,” the former US official said in an interview with the “Correspondents Line” program, on La Once Diez.
Noriega described the work of the special prosecutor on the AMIA case as “very serious” and called for “the Argentine people to demand a degree of transparency on this,” referring to the death of the prosecutor.
“I believe that the situation of international terrorism requires paying attention to this case,” he reiterated.
He also said that the agreement on the nuclear issue between the Obama administration and the Islamic Republic of Iran “will have a degree of rejection when lawmakers have the opportunity to review the agreement.” He stated that “it will be very difficult for the president (Obama) to continue with such an arrogant manner” though insisted “go ahead with or without the agreement of the U.S. Congress.”
WSJ: Obama Ignores the Tehran-Terror Connection
La Nacion: The government says that it will “get to the bottom” of the AMIA case
La Nacion: Cristina reveals an interview with The New Yorker in which she spoke about Nisman and the pact with Iran
La Nacion: The United States renewed its call for the AMIA bombing to be clarified
Clarin: Request for investigation of an Iranian that spoke about a purchase of enriched uranium from Argentina
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NORINCO - China North Industries Group Corporation - CNGC
Infantry fighting vehicle
In 1991, China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) announced that it had developed the Type 90 Armoured Personnel Carrier Family, which consists of at least 10 variants. This has also been referred to in some sources as the YW 535 armoured personnel carrier. Some sources have stated that the Type 90 is not used by the PLA. The Type 91 is an improved version of the Type 90 and has the 360 hp diesel engine.
The Type 90 family uses some automotive components of the NORINCO Type 531 H APC, which is also referred to as the Type 85, but has a slightly wider and lower profile hull with a distinct chamfer between the hull sides, which slope slightly inwards, and the roof, together with improvements to its automotive subsystems, especially the transmission.
The Iranian Boraq full-tracked APC, covered in a separate entry, is very similar in some respects to the Chinese Type 90 APC. In recent years China and Iran have signed a number of defence deals and there could well have been one which included the Type 90 APC family, or technology transfer of some aspects of the Type 90 vehicle. According to United Nations sources there were no reports of tracked APCs by China from 1992 through to 2005.
According to NORINCO, the main features of the Type 90 APC can be summarised as follows:
All-welded armour hull with lower profile providing the crew with better protection
Powered by a KHD BF8L413F air-cooled diesel engine developing 320 hp
Fitted with a hydraulic gearbox inclusive of a hydraulic converter with locking clutch
Fully hydraulic yoke steering wheel rather than tillers
Fully amphibious and propelled in the water by its tracks
* Different vehicle variants in the family
The Type 90 APC is the latest APC to be offered on the export market by NORINCO and 55 have been sold to Myanmar.
The hull of the Type 90 APC is of all-welded steel armour construction which provides the crew with protection from small arms fire and shell splinters. The highest level of protection is over the frontal arc of the Type 90.
The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and has a single-piece hatch cover and three day periscopes giving observation to the front. The centre periscope can be replaced by a passive low-light-level periscope for driving at night. The vehicle is steered using a yoke-type steering wheel rather than tillers.
The engine compartment is to the right of the driver and is provided with a fire detection and suppression system.
Depending on the model, the Type 90 is powered by a KHD BF8L413F air-cooled diesel engine developing 320 hp or a BF8L513C air-cooled diesel engine developing 360 hp. The engine is coupled to a new hydraulic gearbox, which includes: a hydraulic converter with locking clutch, a hydraulic selector with four forward and one reverse gears and steering having a two-stage planetary steering gear.
The two-stage final drive can be changed to suit the overall weight of the vehicle.
To the rear of the driver is the commander, who has a single-piece hatch cover and a single day periscope.
The troop compartment is at the rear of the hull with the infantrymen entering via a large door hinged on the right. This door is opened manually and is provided with a spherical firing device, vision block and a seat that folds up vertically.
Over the top of the troop compartment is a total of four hatches, two small ones located towards the front and two oblong ones to the rear. A total of four hatches are provided over the troop compartment and all of these open outwards. Two of these are of the circular, domed type and are located one either side and forward of the machine gun cupola. The other two are of the rectangular type and located to the rear of the machine gun cupola.
In either side of the troop compartment are three firing ports with an associated roof-mounted day periscope. The latter are angled forwards.
Mounted on the roof of the vehicle is the 12.7 mm Type 54 machine gun which is protected through about 320°. Mounted either side of the hull front is a bank of four forward-firing smoke grenade dischargers.
Suspension either side is of the torsion bar type and consists of five dual rubber-tyred road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front, idler at the rear and three track-return rollers. The first, second and fifth road-wheel stations are provided with a hydraulic shock-absorber and the upper part of the suspension is covered by a light sheet-steel skirt. The tracks are single pin with an inner and outer pad, the latter being replaceable.
The vehicle is fully amphibious and propelled in the water by its tracks. Before entering the water the trim vane is erected at the front of the vehicle and the bilge pumps are switched on.
For increased battlefield survivability, the diesel fuel tanks are located one either side externally at the rear of the hull.
Armoured personnel carrier
This is covered in the previous description.
This has a longer chassis with six road wheels and is powered by the 360 hp diesel engine. In appearance it is very similar to the Russian Kurgan BMP-2 and can be fitted with a two-man power-operated turret armed with a 23, 25 or 30 mm cannon and a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun.
Anti-tank missile launching vehicle
This has a raised rear roof with a retractable launcher with four NORINCO Red Arrow 8 ATGWs in the ready to launch position with a further 12 missiles being carried inside. The missiles have a maximum range of 3,000 m. The latest version of the Red Arrow 8, called the Red Arrow 8E, has its range extended to 4,000 m and is fitted with a tandem HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank) warhead. These missiles are also used with the Red Arrow 8 anti-tank missile launching vehicle based on a 4 × 4 chassis.
Tracked armoured command vehicle
This has additional communications equipment, a 10 m high antenna and a petrol-engined generator to provide additional power for the communications equipment installed.
82 mm self-propelled mortar
This has an 82 mm (or 81 mm) mortar which is turntable-mounted and can be traversed through a full 360°. The mortar has a maximum range of 8,000 m with 112 mortar bombs being carried. A 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun is fitted for air defence purposes.
120 mm self-propelled mortar
This has a 120 mm mortar that fires to the rear with a maximum range of 12,000 m with 50 mortar bombs carried. A 12.7 mm machine gun is fitted on the roof.
122 mm self-propelled howitzer
Mounted on the top of the hull towards the rear is a Chinese-built version of the Russian 122 mm D-30 howitzer which, using an ERFB-BB projectile, has a maximum range of 21,000 m with a total of 40 rounds carried. This version would also have the more powerful 360 hp engine and have a longer chassis with six road-wheels.
130 mm (30 round) self-propelled rocket launcher
Mounted on the roof is a 130 mm 30-round rocket launcher with a maximum range of 15,000 m. Details of the actual 130 mm rocket system, which is marketed on a variety of chassis, tracked and wheeled, are given in a separate entry.
Tracked armoured ambulance
This can carry four stretcher patients or a mixture of seated and stretcher patients, standard equipment includes oxygen supply and an air conditioning system.
Tracked armoured recovery vehicle
This is fitted with a roof-mounted hydraulic crane, a 25 kW generator, welding equipment, a battery charger, a high-pressure air compressor, tools and spare parts.
Mine scattering vehicle
This has six road wheels either side and a modified rear on which are six (three either side) 36-round multiple-tube mine scattering launchers that point to the rear.
Ground pressure (kg/sm2)
Height to hull top (mm)
Ground clearance (mm)
Max. road speed (km/h)
Max. water speed (km/h)
Max. road range (km)
Gradient (%)
Side slope (%)
Vertical obstacle (mm)
Trench (mm)
Number of forward gears
Number of reverse gears
Ammunition of the main gun
Elevation (degree)
Depression (degree)
Type 90 quantities:
THALES AUSTRALIA AND GENERAL DYNAMICS ORDNANCE AND TACTICAL SYSTEMS DELIVERING FOR THE ADF (12.06.2019)
GCS sets a new standard in mechanical mine clearance (24.05.2019)
AV-8 AENBCRV Vehicle Prepares to Enter Malaysian Army Inventory (29.04.2019)
FNSS Reveals PARS III 8x8 Engineering Vehicle (29.04.2019)
BAE Systems awarded Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle contract modifications by U.S. Army for Low-Rate Initial Production (24.02.2019)
Nerekhta multifunctional UGV on the State tests (05.02.2019)
Problems of Russian Vacuum APFSDS-T projectile (25.01.2019)
Uran-9 Combat Robots began to enter into service in the Armed Forces of Russia (25.01.2019)
U.S. Army awards General Dynamics contract for Mobile Protected Firepower (19.12.2018)
BAE Systems awarded development contract for Mobile Protected Firepower (18.12.2018)
Rheinmetall Mission Master Dominates European Ground Robotic Systems Competition at ELROB 2018 (04.11.2018)
HORIBA MIRA to Continue to Develop Cutting Edge Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technologies (30.07.2018)
The Indonesian PT Pindad medium tank tested by mine explosion (13.07.2018)
Bradley Driving… In Stereo (06.07.2018)
The Nerehta Combat Unmanned Ground Vehicle is ready to be adopted by the Russian army (04.07.2018)
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Now displaying: April, 2018
#26 Super Hueman Hustle - A.R.T. Podcast Season 2 Finale 0
Allison is a very well-known Bay-to-LA (and back) street artist, having been featured on the cover of LA Weekly's People of the Year issue, Juxtapoz Magazine, and many other places. She's also navigated a wide variety of career situations that have informed her work. For our season finale, host Jacob Patterson stopped by her new house in Oakland to chop it up. Warning: we say "hyphy" and "hella" wayyyyyy too many times in this episode.
8:17- Is San Jose the bay area or not?
8:57- Which part of Oakland are we in?
10:32- The Bay responding to the Ghost Ship fire
Read more about the Ghost Ship fire:
http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-ghost-ship-fire-anniversary-housing-201711202-story.html
13:20- Vince CEO Meow Wolf
15:31- Why did you decide to come back to the bay?
17:08- Jacob ghost riding a car
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQlonDdyUYk
17:25- Andrew bloody gums
https://www.instagram.com/abars/
18:18- http://museumca.org/
Allison Hueman:
https://www.instagram.com/hueman_
20:33- Drinkin Smokin West Coastin
https://www.instagram.com/drinkinsmokinwestcoastin
20:39- http://wineandbowties.com/
http://wineandbowties.com/lfposts/feels-is-back/
https://bampfa.org/
21:23- Why move back to the bay?
22:06- Hueman talks about being homeless
23:24- http://www.complex.com/style/2014/05/street-artist-hueman-covers-la-weekly-people-2014-issue
26:52- Hueman talks about how she misses collaborating with people in Los Angeles
28:28- Hueman x Hyperlimbo
http://www.artnet.com/galleries/kp-projects/hueman-hyperlimbo/
https://beautifulbizarre.net/2017/01/18/hueman-hyperlimbo-kp-projects/
Hueman explains what Hyperlimbo means to her
31:31- What do you usually do on your drive from Oakland to LA?
34:04- From UCLA to The Brewery
35:03- Housing at Think Tank
35:57- What was it like at The Brewery?
http://www.breweryartistlofts.com/
39:16- Hueman talks about her experience with art and work
39:56- Hueman and legal issues
42:40- Did you go to school for painting or design?
44:06- John Cena
https://twitter.com/JohnCena
https://www.instagram.com/johncena
44:56- Hueman talks about taking a video game design course
46:15- Monkey Island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_Island_(series)
47:19- What kind of things do you do to gather inspiration?
47:52- Larry King By,
https://www.amazon.com/Larry-King/e/B000APHO7C
49:28- Other Peoples Property by Jason Tanz
https://www.amazon.com/Other-Peoples-Property-History-Hip-Hop/dp/1596912731/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1523503025&sr=1-1&keywords=other+peoples+property&dpID=41U-BDAYUzL&preST=_SY291_BO1,204,203,200_QL40_&dpSrc=srch
49:41- LA Weekly Shuts Down Abruptly
http://www.laweekly.com/news/los-angeles-news-site-laist-shuts-down-abruptly-8816719
52:57- Humans last design gig being for Playboy
53:03- Were things turned around by then or were you still broke?
53:49- http://www.playboytv.com/
54:57- Jacob talks about Playboy spitting sex positive feminism
55:59- Whitney Kidd Bell
Read more about the Dick Pic Show:
58:34- Hueman talks about when she started doing murals
1:01:32- Jacob talks about what he used to paint
1:04:31- What kept Hueman from doing murals for years
1:06:42- Art Major
http://artmajorla.com/
1:08:36- http://www.huemannature.com/index
1:10:51- https://www.instagram.com/hueman_
1:12:08- Ritual show by Hueman
http://www.huemannature.com/ritual/
Ritual show (teaser)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwzfHNvakoI
1:12:55- Hueman explains what the Ritual show was
1:13:36- Why it was called ritual
1:13:44- Jarell Perry
http://www.jarellperry.com/
https://soundcloud.com/jarellperry
Cryptik
https://www.instagram.com/cryptk
Vyalone
https://www.instagram.com/vyalone
Brandon Monk
https://www.instagram.com/monkwood_
https://www.amazon.com/s/?ie=UTF8&keywords=built+to+last+book&tag=googhydr-20&index=aps&hvadid=174248083384&hvpos=1t1&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1959214552049865894&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=e&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9031252&hvtargid=kwd-1038453127&ref=pd_sl_19c99t5uzo_e
The 50th Law by 50 Cent
https://www.amazon.com/50th-Law-50-Cent-ebook/dp/B002M41TRU/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1523505028&sr=8-1&keywords=50th+law
1:16:48- The Room
https://www.amazon.com/Room-Tommy-Wiseau/dp/B000CFYAMC/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1523505065&sr=8-1&keywords=the+room
https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=the+disaster+artist
1:18:51- Hueman asks Jacob about the different colors he uses in his organizer
1:21:36- Hueman touches on her “ritual”
1:23:09- Jacob talks about writing his to-do list
1:25:41 Jacob talks about how important “Coffeegraph” was
https://dtla-weekly.com/coffeegraph-think-tank-featuring-avi-roth/
Recap on Coffeegraph:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB2Ak1D0G5U
1:26:25- Dino Nama
1:36:16 When did you realize you could do art full time and how did you balance it with commercial art?
1:37:16- Huemans trip to Europe
1:38:20- How do you curate commercial art opportunities?
1:38:32- How do you know when to say yes and when to say no?
1:41:31- Commissioned work
1:44:23- Are your murals usually always commissioned?
1:44:44- Hueman talks about getting a grant
1:46:35- Do you have anything big coming up that you could talk about?
1:46:41- What do you want, if you could imagine what you see yourself doing within the next five years?
1:52:51- Hueman touches on what tools someone needs to be an artist
1:56:11- Where to find Allison Hueman:
huemannature.com
#25 Hijinx PR Answers: What Is Art Management & PR? 0
Heidi Johnson has been putting the coolest art and events in front of the hippest people in LA for decades. In this episode she breaks down where PR and management cross over, how much of this stuff artists should be doing for themselves, and when it's time for you to get a manager. She also lets us in on some secrets of how to get your shit covered by the press. There's a lot of name-dropping in this episode, but every story is peppered with many years of wisdom, and by the end Heidi takes muthafuckas to school so don't miss the second half of this episode. We also share stories on the late Juxtapoz co-founder Greg Escalante since Heidi was one of the people closest to him in his final years. RIP Greg.
6:10- Can you talk about the new stuff you are doing with Corey Helford?
http://www.coreyhelfordgallery.com/
https://www.instagram.com/coreyhelfordgallery
9:01- http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-break-bread-think-tank-photos-20160212-photogallery.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9RnV2Tfyak
12:06- Heidi talks details about herself and her mom Monica Johnson who was a screenwriter and novelist
http://deadline.com/2010/11/r-i-p-monica-johnson-80766/
18:26- Heidi talks about talent management and PR in the entertainment industry
20:27- Heidi talks about working on Renaissance Man (1994)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110971/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_76
21:44- Being an assistant for Penny Marshall
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001508/?ref_=tt_ov_dr
23:38- Lillo Brancoto
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000969/?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm
A Bronx Tale Directed by Robert Di Niro
24:32- What are press junkets?
26:01- Heidi talks about Entertainment PR
28:28- https://www.autobytel.com/
30:49- Learning how to deal with clients
31:29- http://js2pr.com/
32:27- Tune into A.R.T Artists Real Talk Episode #24 with Creative Director Maca
37:31- Define what a publicist is
38:27- https://www.instagram.com/hijinxarts
https://www.hijinxarts.com
42:31- Engelbert Humperdinck
http://www.engelbert.com/
43:38- Heidi talks about signing a contract with Engelbert
44:31- Pitching to the Grammys
45:53- Do artists often say no when you have a big idea that can be huge?
47:36- Jacob talks about what Heidi taught him with, “finding the story.”
48:43- When did you start Hijinx?
https://www.instagram.com/hijinxarts
50:46- Robbie Conal
http://robbieconal.com
51:14- http://blog.boobsandblood.com
51:36 https://www.jimmahfood.com
51:49- https://www.instagram.com/janedopeness/
52:06 https://www.jimmahfood.com/projects/grrl-scouts/
52:19- GRRL Scouts video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8Gt4Jxn3lk
52:54- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCg31PbYx9w
54:51- PR and relationships
55:16- Beyond The Streets
https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/graffiti/beyond-the-streets-an-expansive-exhibition-on-the-global-movement-of-graffiti-and-street-art-coming-to-los-angeles/
https://www.artbasel.com/
56:46- Heidi talks about her mom passing away weeks prior to Art Basel
1:00:02- Working in LA
1:00:41- Allison "Hueman"
https://www.instagram.com/hueman_/
1:01:31- The Brewery Art Colony
http://labrewery.com/brewery/
1:02:10- Hold Up Art Gallery
https://www.yelp.com/biz/hold-up-art-los-angeles
http://dola.com/venues/hold-up-art
1:05:31- http://www.laweekly.com/arts/allison-hueman-torneros-the-mad-muralist-4632719
http://www.laweekly.com/arts/its-only-hueman-nature-2614631
http://www.complex.com/style/2014/05/street-artist-hueman-covers-la-weekly-people-2014-issue
1:09:25- How do you judge the feeling of what you should be doing vs what you shouldn't be doing?
1:10:14- Heidi talks about following her gut
1:12:01- What is a manager and why is it useful to have one?
1:14:25- Are managers taking a percentage of everything you make or only off the projects you bring?
1:16:18- Heidi talks about what a manager should do for you– bringing rates up and getting your needs met
1:18:52- If someone is considering managing what kind of things do they need to be thinking about as they step into that new role?
1:19:26- http://www.laweekly.com/arts/street-artist-chase-explores-light-and-space-as-his-pattern-park-debuts-9309607
https://artillerymag.com/events/into-light-space-new-works-by-chase/
1:20:56- Teddy Kelly
https://www.instagram.com/teddykelly
1:20:56- Heidi explains how working with friends is hard
1:24:22- https://artsharela.org/
1:26:34- https://www.instagram.com/legal_goods/?hl=en
1:28:46- Bobby Moline-Kramer
https://www.instagram.com/bobbiemolinekramer/?hl=en
1:28:04- Annie Terrazzo
https://www.instagram.com/annieterrazzo/?hl=en
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIvzEmwkkOA
1:28:41- Heidi talks about being around to see social media emerge
1:30:20- List building
1:31:46- Heidi talks about how important social media is
1:37:26 -https://www.juxtapoz.com/
1:37:35- Odd Nerdrum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd_Nerdrum
http://nerdrummuseum.com/
1:38:52- http://seanstarwars.com
1:40:06- Greg Escalante
http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-greg-escalante-obituary-20170909-htmlstory.html
https://www.juxtapoz.com/news/magazine/rip-greg-escalante-co-founder-of-juxtapoz-magazine/
1:41:50- Corey Helford
http://www.laweekly.com/arts/why-corey-helford-gallerys-massive-10th-anniversary-show-is-worth-a-look-or-two-7313467
1:45:16- https://www.laartshow.com
1:45:35- Tune into A.R.T Artists Real Talk with Phil America
1:49:06- Heidi talks about how Greg Escalante has been remembered
1:32:03- https://andybauch.com
1:55:06- Do you have a four or five year path with the LA Art show that you guys are trying to build together?
https://www.instagram.com/laartshow/
https://www.laartshow.com
1:59:05- https://www.instagram.com/superchiefgallery/
2:00:26- Do you think this is something artists could do on their own without hiring a publicist?
2:01:46- Heidi suggestion to smaller galleries putting out press releases
2:03:26- Where to find Heidi Johnson
https://twitter.com/hijinxpr
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Razzle-Dazzle: DMA’s Asian Textiles Breaks Ground with Style
Devon Britt-Darby November 22, 2017
ArtDallas/Ft WorthEditor's Picks
Quilt (kantha): tree of life (detail), c. 1910–1920, cotton, Dallas Museum of Art, gift of Alta Brenner in memory of her daughter Andrea Bernice Brenner-McMullen, 1996.177.
Fireman’s Coat, n.d.,T43651; Sleeved garment, 1930–1950, cotton, silk, satin, Dallas Museum of Art, lent by Carolyn Williams Marks, Harriet Williams Peavy, and Suzanne Williams Nash, 18.2011.18
During the past 10 years the Dallas Museum of Art has hit many important milestones signaling its emergence as an encyclopedic institution and a player on the international stage. Examples include co-organizing the most comprehensive J.M.W. Turner survey mounted in the United States; publishing the first catalogs of the DMA’s collections of African art, and Asian art; opening a paintings conservation studio; and securing the 15-year loan of the prestigious Keir Collection of Islamic Art.
The DMA’s next third-floor “focus installation”—a yearlong rotation of works, often drawn from a relatively unheralded part of the permanent collection—might seem an unlikely addition to a list of such impressive firsts. But while the museum’s collection of luxury Asian garments and ornamental hangings has been decades in the formation, Asian Textiles: Art and Trade Along the Silk Road—on view Dec. 16, 2017 through Dec. 9, 2018—marks the first time a selection has been presented in a stand-alone exhibition, says Anne Bromberg, the DMA’s curator of ancient and Asian art.
“DMA is now as strong in Asian or African or Pacific or Native American art as we are in traditional European or American art,” Bromberg says. “A sideline of that is that we have a very strong non-Western textile collections.” In fact, Bromberg was inspired to mount this show after seeing Add to, Take Away: Artistry and Innovation in African Textiles, a 2014-2015 focus installation by Roslyn Walker, the museum’s African art curator—the first DMA show of its kind. Bromberg thinks the space is “even better for Asian textiles than it was for African textiles.”
Commemorative Hanging, mid 19th century, silk, metal wrapped yarns, Dallas Museum of Art, anonymous gift in honor of Joe B. Blakey, 1982.78
“One of the points I was trying to make with the labels and the selection of the textiles is that it’s basically because of the Silk Road that the tradition of textiles spread so far, from the Mediterranean world to China and Japan and down south to India and the Himalayas, and back and forth,” Bromberg says. “Conveniently for me, the space where we’re now showing our international textile collections immediately feeds into a permanent exhibition on the Silk Road based on works from the collection that I’ve had up for a number of years. We’ve got maps, explanations of how religious ideas traversed the Silk Road, and so on, and now we’ve got how textiles were part of that story—including silk itself.” (Despite its moniker, the Silk Road has been an international trade route “practically forever,” long predating the spread of silk from China to other parts of the world, Bromberg says.)
Viewers will notice a more expansive definition of textiles than they may be used to, Bromberg says.
“In the West, we tend to think of textiles as clothes or maybe big wall hangings—quilts and things like that,” she says. “But in Asia it’s quite different, because artists painted important scenes on textiles—particularly silk, but other textiles, too. So we’ve got works that many people would consider to be paintings—portraits of Buddhist figures from the Himalayas, Japanese ink paintings—that happen to be painted on fabrics. So you see them in a completely different light than you would if they had been hung up in a gallery as paintings, with other paintings.”
For example, the installation features Male Crane with Pine, a monochrome late 17th-century Japanese painting on silk created as a wall hanging. “As is often found in Japanese painting, a largely empty upper area contrasts with the image of the crane placed off-center in the lower portion of the scene,” Bromberg writes. “The painter, Kano Tsunenobu, was a member of the Kano family, which produced some of the most distinguished painters of the Edo period.”
Other exhibition highlights include a late 19th-century Japanese fireman’s coat—quilted and featuring a metal breastplate to protect the wearer. “Before combating a fire, the firefighter would close the ear flaps on the hood, cinch the belt, and be drenched in water,” Bromberg writes. “The designs on the back of the coat are rhythmic and ornamental, suggesting natural forces, as dragon designs did in China.”
The show hints at the wide range of techniques found in Asian textiles, from ikat weaving, the method of using resist-dyed threads, as seen in an early 20th-century Uzbek silk-and-cotton chapan, or coat; to metal-wrapping thread, “which in several parts of Asia was an important way of making very expensive, glitzy clothes, because the sparkle of the metallic wrapping around the textile fiber adds a richness and color,” as in a Chinese 19th-century Blue Five-Clawed Dragon Robe, Bromberg says. “It produces a lavish, glittering kind of fabric, so it’s easy to see why the technique was popular.”
Bromberg hopes Asian Textiles will also have widespread appeal, not least because it’s “literally glitzy,” she says. “That sounds funny, but it’s true. They’re very dramatic pieces. I think given the fact that having purely textile exhibitions drawn from the permanent collection here at DMA is a fairly new move, that it will be fairly popular with the public.”
—DEVON BRITT-DARBY
Devon Britt-Darby is a Houston-based writer and artist.
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Past Exhibition: Tobias Wong, “Untitled” (Golden) …, On view through April 14, 2019
Tobias Wong, “Untitled” (Golden) …
January 18 – April 14, 2019*
Download a PDF of the press release.
The Bureau of General Services—Queer Division is proud to present Tobias Wong, “Untitled” (Golden) …, an exhibition of the late artist/designer’s work that played with the definition of what constituted art or design. The exhibition will present a selection of his work alongside objects from his personal collection that served as muses for his artistic design work. This includes a wide variety of table lamps as well as ephemera that he collected.
In a press release issued at the time of Wong’s death in 2010, architecture and design curator, friend, and colleague Aric Chen wrote: “Through his work, Wong helped bring forth much of what is now taken for granted in contemporary culture. Influenced by Dada and, especially, Fluxus, he questioned authorship through appropriation; held a mirror to our desires and absurdities; upended the hierarchy between design and art, and the precious and the banal; and helped redefine collaboration and curation as creative practices. Working within what he termed a ‘paraconceptual’ framework, Wong prompted a reevaluation of everything we thought we knew about design: its production, its psychological resonance, its aesthetic criteria, its means of distribution, its attachment to provenance, its contextualization and its manner of presentation. Wong was a keen observer, an original mind, a brilliant prankster, and an unerring friend.
“Wong’s work was widely exhibited, including at the Museum of Modern Art and Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum. His many projects included those for Colette, Comme des Garcons, Prada/OMA, Cappellini and Swarovski Crystal Palace. In addition to the objects he created, re-created, repurposed, rarefied and otherwise manipulated, Wong’s work included events and happenings that included, among many others, a pop-up tattoo parlor at Art Basel Miami Beach/Design Miami and the Wrong Store, a “store” in New York that was in fact never open. (As with much of Wong’s work, both were collaborations.) Wong was named Young Designer of the Year by Wallpaper* magazine (2004) as well as the Brooklyn Museum of Art (2006). In 2008 and 2009, he served as founding co-creative director of 100% Design Shanghai, affiliated with the 100% Design fairs in London and Tokyo.
“Born and raised in Vancouver, Wong studied in Toronto before moving to New York in 1997 to attend the Cooper Union, from which he graduated with a major in sculpture.”
Tobias Wong, “Untitled” (Golden) … is curated by:
Dean MacGregor, an artist who has done projects at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Morgan Library and many others. He recently did his sleeping project at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
Pablo Griff is an artist and was a consultant to the retrospective of Tobias Wong’s work at the Museum of Vancouver in 2012.
Image: Tobias Wong, blue anus, 1998 (replica 2016 courtesy Lite Brite Neon, Brooklyn), Estate of Tobias Wong
* The exhibition was originally scheduled to end March 17, 2019.
Exhibition-related event:
Paradesign: The Work of Tobias Wong, A Panel Discussion
Thursday, March 21, 7:45 PM
Join us for Paradesign: The Work of Tobias Wong, A Panel Discussion moderated by designer, curator, and gallery director Olivia Shao, with Paola Antonelli, Senior Curator, Department of Architecture and Design, Museum of Modern Art, New York; and Rama Chorpash, Associate Professor and the Director of Product Design at Parsons The New School for Design.
Paradesign: The Work of Tobias Wong is presented by the curators of Tobias Wong, “Untitled” (Golden) …, Dean MacGregor and Pablo Griff.
This event is free, but attendees are encouraged to support the Bureau by purchasing books and/or making a donation.
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Biographien Projekt
Myanmar-Institut e.V.
Kategorie: Communism
Chit Hlaing (1926-2018) – A Pioneer of Burmese Socialism
Rodion Ebbighausen
Socialism is dead in Myanmar. Whoever wants to meet socialists in the country today, has to pay a visit to the headquarters of the National Unity Party in Yangon’s Bahan Township.
There, around a dusty yard with a flagpole, are some wooden barracks in which the party leadership defends what is left of socialism.
Party members include older men such as U Khin Maung Gyi, former Minister of Commerce under Ne Win and a leading member of the Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP). When the Burmese’s journey toward socialism ended in 1988, the BSPP was also dissolved. The term „socialism“ vanished more and more from the political landscape.
U Khin Maung Gyi lost his post, his party and for the moment his political home. But in the 1990 elections, the socialists had regrouped in the NUP. The NUP was founded on October 12, 1988. Chit Hlaing, the theorist of Burmese socialism, became part of the Central Executive Committee. Therefore, the NUP can be seen as the direct successor party of the BSPP.
The NUP regards itself, as the former Minister of Trade explained during our meeting in 2013, as a party that is left of the center. Despite abandoning the planned economy model, the party in principle adheres to the socialist tradition of the BSPP. In 2013, U Khin Maung Gyi was still optimistic about the future. He hoped to score victory in the 2015 general elections and enter all the parliaments. But things didn’t turn out that way. In 2015, the NUP won only one seat in the House of Nationalities. Socialism in Myanmar and its last adherents will most likely disappear in the coming years. For most people, particularly the younger generations, socialism today is synonymous with an obsolete failed ideology.
Socialist and communist ideas have played a major role since Myanmar’s independence movement of the 1930s and 40s. The independence hero Aung San himself was a founding member of the nation’s first communist cell. His speeches and writings are full of socialist ideas and Marxist terminology.
Chit Hlaings Early Years
One of the most important thought leaders of the second generation of Burmese socialists was U Chit Hlaing. He was born on March 15, 1926, in the district of Katha. Katha is located on the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy in the Sagaing region. The just 16-year-old high school student joined the Burma Independence Army (BIA) in 1942 to fight against British colonial rule. After the expulsion of the British by the Japanese and reorganization of the BIA into the Burma Defense Army (BDA), he received a six-month officer training. During the occupation of Burma by the Japanese, he held the rank of sergeant.
In addition to his military education, Chit Hlaing, as a teenager, encountered communism and Marxism-Leninism. As a member of the Nagani Book Club, he also studied writings on left leaning nationalism. Chit Hlaing himself admitted that he was hugely influenced by Thakin Soe, who published the book Socialism in 1939, in which he first published texts by Marx, Engels, Lenin and others in Burmese language. Another influential figure was the socialist Thakin Tin Mya. Through his teachers, Chit Hlaing became a supporter of communism, joined the Burma Communist Party (BCP) and promoted communist cell members within the army.
At the start of his career, Chit Hlaing was in three camps, which would later go on to become bitter enemies. First, he was in the military, which cooperated with the Japanese under the leadership of Aung San. Second, he was among the communists, whose more radical representatives rejected cooperation with the Japanese military government. Third, he maintained good relations to Thakin Tin Mya’s socialists.
That he eventually opted for the camp of Aung San and his Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) rather than the Red Flag Communists of his teacher Thakin Soe may be due to a personal encounter with Aung San, whose charisma and pragmatism had held the independence movement together for years. After meeting Aung San sometime between 1942 and 1943, when Chit Hlaing worked as the messenger between Aung San, Thakhin Soe, and other communist leaders, Chit Hlaing had to correct his ideas: „I had thought he was a fanatic militarist. Now I could believe he was a democrat. I had thought he was an enemy of Marxism. Now I respected him as a bona fide and true socialist.”[1]
When Aung San broke with the communists in 1946, Chit Hlaing renounced – at least verbally – the communists who had committed themselves to a global revolution under the leadership of the Soviet Union. Within the AFPFL, he became a member of the Socialist Party (SP). He bet on socialist evolution instead of communist revolution. In his own words, he exchanged the red for a pink ideology. Together with like-minded people, he founded the People’s Literature Company, in which he translated numerous texts of figures like Marx and Mao, which he also commented on under the pseudonym Maung Chit Gyi (later he used the pen name Ko Ko Maung Gyi).
In August 1951, Chit Hlaing traveled to East Berlin as an AFPFL representative for an international youth congress. The congress’ sponsor was the Soviet Union. He then hoped to continue his studies in the Soviet Union, but Htun Shein, a member of the Burmese Communist Party (BCP), opposed Chit Hlaing’s attempt. One reason might have been that Chit Hlaing lacked genuine communist conviction. Finally, Chit Hlaing didn’t get the permission by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Instead of Moscow, he landed in Paris, where he lived until 1955 and studied philosophy. According to his own account, Chit Hlaing largely renounced political activity during his time in Paris, fearing that he would attract the attention of the secret police and possibly lose access to French universities.
At the same time, he came into contact with new socialist ideas. Through a friend he became aware of the special path taken by Yugoslavia under Marshal Tito. The communist Tito had defied Stalin in 1948, without joining the Western camp during the Cold War. Instead, he was a leading representative of the Non-Aligned Movement, founded in 1961 in Belgrade. The Non-Aligned Movement and its predecessor the Bandung-States of 1955 have been well received in Burma. The example of Tito showed that there was not just orthodox communism, and that the Marxist-Leninism of the Soviet Union could be criticized.
With this new perspective, Chit Hlaing returned to Burma in 1955 against his will and at the request of Colonel Aung Gyi. Colonel Aung Gyi was one of the most important figures in post-colonial Burma. Together with Maung Maung he held the reins of leadership within the Tatmadaw in the 1950s.
On the request of Colonel Aung Gyi, Chit Hlaing became a member of the Directorate of Psychological Warfare (DPW), whose central tasks included the drafting of a military doctrine and anti-communist propaganda. The objectives should be achieved by training the officer corps, producing propaganda material such as pamphlets, radio broadcasts, etc.
Aims and Achievements
One of the first key documents Chit Hlaing wrote in his new role for the Tatmadaw under the guidance of Maung Maung was titled The National Ideology and the Role of the Defense Services. The document defined the relationship between Tatmadaw and politics. Task of the Tatmadaw is the defense of the state ideology. The state ideology, in turn, formulated the goals of peace, the rule of law, democracy and a socialist economic system.[2]
In addition to working for The National Ideology, Chit Hlaing was a diligent writer in the military-published magazine Myawaddy , which appeared since 1952 and had a circulation of 18,000 copies in 1956. In his articles, Chit Hlaing criticized Stalinism, the Communist Party of Burma (BCP) and developed the outlines of his own political philosophy namarupa wada. To do so, Chit Hlaing used traditional Buddhist terms and tried to give them a different or new meaning. Given the lack of not yet existing terms for core concepts of Marxism and Socialism a natural approach (Thakin Soe’s approach was quite similar).
Namarupa is a composite of the Pali terms namà and rupà. Namà stands for psychic in the broadest sense, rupá for physical. Chit Hlaing uses the word pair in a variation on „consciousness“ and „matter.“[3]
Wada, on the other hand, indicates that the phrase is an -ism (as in communism, capitalism). Namarupa is therefore an abstraction.[4]
In Chit Hlaying’s conception, Namarupa Wada was to lay a philosophical foundation for a future socialist state. His hope was to promote the unity of the country by mixing Marx’s materialism with Buddhist elements so that the new ideology would be acceptable to Buddhists as well. Namarupa Wada was decidedly anti-communist and nationalist. From the perspective of Western philosophy, Chit Hlaing’s philosophical concept was abstract and overly complex; a paper overloaded with jargon and ambiguous Pali terms, as Nakanishi criticizes.
At the end of 1957, Chit Hlaing took on a position as a lecturer in political thought at the Directorate of Psychological Warfare. He summarized his articles and his ideology in the handbook Ideology Critical for the Development of Human Nature and Democracy. These theoretical writings were, however, only ever known to a handful of officers or intellectuals.[5]
In the power struggles of the subsequent years, which fell in the same time period as the splitting of the AFPFL in 1957, within the Tatmadaw, the Socialists prevailed against the rather moderate representatives Aung Gyi and Maung Maung. However, Chit Hlaing played only a minor role in all of this. His big moment came only in March 1962 with the coup and the establishment of the Revolutionary Council (RC).
The new rulers lacked a political ideology. Ne Win quickly roped in Chit Hlaing and two of his comrades to work out the new ideology. Chit Hlaing was one of the few in the ranks of the military who had the necessary knowledge and writing skills. The ideology should also give the RC legitimacy. Ne Win called for an ideological superstructure that emphasized the special status of Burma and held the country in equidistance to the political blocs of the Cold War.[6]
That’s how Chit Hlaing got the opportunity to write the policy declaration for the RC (The Burmese Way to Socialism) and later the official ideology of the BSPP (The System of Correlation between Man and His Environment). In formulating the two ideological key texts of the Ne Win era, Chit Hlaing essentially drew on his preparatory work of the 1950s.
Main Work
When reading the texts, the mixture of Marxist terminology and theory with Buddhist beliefs and Pali vocabulary is striking. The System follows a step-by-step approach: First, the construction of nature is determined, then the nature of man, and finally, society.
The basic program begins with a description of the three worlds that make up nature as a whole: the material world, the living world, and finally what the text describes as phenomena. Phenomena are the processes and interactions between mind and matter. Chit Hlaing uses terms from the Buddhist tradition to define the three worlds. He uses terms like okasaloka (material world), sattaloka (animal world), „Law of Impermanence“ or the „Wheel of Change.“
Then man is identified as the crown of creation, the first mover and the measure of all things: „Man matters most.“ Man creates and transforms the social system, since he is an image of all three worlds. Man is finally defined as a social animal that knows both selfishness and altruism and shapes society.
In the section on the formation and laws of society, Chit Hlaing increasingly uses Marxist terminology. Capitalism is criticized, it is about productive forces and the laws of dialectical materialism, but without the use of this term. Chit Hlaing speaks of the dialectical method or the dialectical law that he defines with the Pali term Paticccsamuppada (the conditionality of all beings). The revolution also occurs. At the end of this section, he defines the philosophical program of the BSPP and six economic laws for the Burmese way to socialism.
It concludes with a reflection on the determining role of the workers in the new Burma and the role of the party or its behavior in its own ideology, which was expected to be neither complete nor conclusive with this program. The text outlines a kind of a Buddist-socialist utopia. Both texts were submitted to the RC. He let them pass without extensive changes.
The impact of the two policy texts is difficult to assess, but it was probably not very large, although Chit Hlaing, in retrospect, judges that the day the RC adopted The System was crucial to the country: „To my mind, April 25, 1962 was a landmark, a major turning point in the political history of Burma.“[7]
That the influence was not very large is due to the abstract nature of Chit Hlaing’s remarks. Even Colonel Khin Nyo, who was training at the DPW, said of the philosophical foundations of Burmese socialism: „As for me, I must admit, I cannot understand how or why mind and matter are related to politics.”[8] When even an insider couldn’t understand the connections, it is to be assumed that the general population, to whom the text of The System was broadcast via radio on January 17, 1963, would not have become much wiser by it. Maybe it was not about the content, as Nakanishi suspects. „The establishment of a state ideology is more significant than its content.“[9]
Former President Dr. Ba Maw published a commentary in the British newspaper The Guardian on January 23, 1963, in which he rubs his finger on the wound: „Basically, the [Revolutionary] Council has done the right thing. But what, as I see it, is wrong about this is that the common error has been repeated of confusing race with religion and religion with society, and so turning religio-metaphysical speculations into social truths and laws. In this way, a social philosophy based upon laws and conditions which are continually changing has been kept tied to religious dogmas which claim to be absolute and unchanging and go centuries back to an age immeasurably different from today.“[10] A problem which is virulent down to the present day.
The fundamental texts of the socialist era are hardly comprehensible and often operate with contradictory concepts and ideas. One major issue is the fact that ideology and religion are different. Nevertheless, Chit Hlaing tried to reconcile incommensurate thoughts, religious beliefs and terms on the one hand, and ideology on the other, but Marxism and Buddhism have no common denominator. In the end, nothing remains but an accumulation of supposedly profound concepts that stand side by side without a mental connection.
The conceptual blurring of the basic program does not provide a comprehensive explanation for the collapse of socialism in Myanmar; but it is at least an indication that there was a lack of clarity and consistency even at the beginning of the social experiment.
The elaboration of the socialist principles was the culmination and at the same time the last highlight in Chit Hlaing’s career. He was no longer responsible for translating his theory into concrete politics. The next eight years Chit Hlaing spent as a lecturer for party cadres, before he left the BSPP in 1970 and retired in 1971.
He became once again member of a political party after the National Unity Party (NUP) in 1988 was formed to replace the BSPP in the next elections. But his role in post-88 Burma was that of a commentator and well respected intellectual and not that of an influential politician. He died of natural causes on March 26, 2018 in Yangon General Hospital – aged 92.[11]
Overall, Chit Hlaing can be said to have been an influential theorist but not a doer. Insofar perhaps it is not entirely wrong what he says about himself: „On my part, I had only to accept the duty entrusted upon me.“[12]
However, it should be remembered that Chit Hlaing educated and trained generations of officers, some of whom later went on to even become ministers or in the case of Than Shwe heads of state. Although socialism in Myanmar has been discredited as a political ideology and within the party landscape since 1988, Chit Hlaing’s philosophical ideas continue to thrive in the minds of Myanmar’s elites and military.
[1] Quoted from Nakanishi (2013), 64 f.
[2] In terms of content and form, The National Ideology remained very close to the constitution of 1947. Yoshihiro Nakanishi sees in the document, contrary to the prevailing interpretation, less the claim of the military to dominate the political agenda of the country (Nakanishis 2013, p. 76). It’s more of an attempt to create a loyal, united and centralized military. At that time, Chit Hlaing argued that officers of the army should engage in politics but stay as far removed from party politics as possible. The slogan of the military was understood to be something like: understand politics but don’t engage in politics.
[3] Nakanishi (2013), 80.
[4] Walton (2017), 27.
[6] Taylor (2016).
[7] Working Paper 10, 146.
[10] The Guardian, 23 January 1963; quoters after Nakanishi (2013), 62 f.
[11] See Obituary: „Obituary: Junta Insider Dies at 92“, The Irrawaddy, March 26, 2018, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/obituary-junta-insider-dies-92.html. Accessed October 23, 2018.
[12] Working Paper 10, 125.
Callahan, Mary P. 2003 Making enemies. War and state building in Burma. Ithaca [et.al.]: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Chit Hlaing 1963 The System of Correlation of Man and his Environment. The Philosophy of the Burma Socialist Programme Party.
Nakanishi, Yoshihiro 2013 Strong Soldiers, Failed Revolution. The State and Military in Burma. Singapore: NUS Press.
Taylor, Robert H. 2015 General Ne Win. A Political Biography. Singapore ISEAS.
Walton, Matthew J. 2017 Buddhism, Politics and Political Thought in Myanmar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zöllner, Hans-Bernd (Hrsg.) 2008 Myanmar literature project. Working paper number 10:10. Soe, Socialism and Chit Hlaing, Memories. Introduction by Robert H. Taylor.
Autor Rodion EbbighausenVeröffentlicht am 27. Dezember 2018 23. April 2019 Kategorien Communism, Politics, Socialism, TatmadawSchreibe einen Kommentar zu Chit Hlaing (1926-2018) – A Pioneer of Burmese Socialism
Thakin Soe (1905-1989)
Hans-Bernd Zöllner
Thakin Soe was one of the most influential members of the Dobama Asiayone and the AFPFL in the fight for Burma’s independence from the late 1930s until the country’s independence in 1948. Unlike Aung San and Nu, he did not attend university but worked in a company before he got involved in politics. Being very much attracted by socialist ideas, he wrote books and articles in Burmese that introduced Socialism and Communism to a wider audience. Later, he was the leader of a small communist party that started an armed rebellion against the government. His colourful life and character have been widely neglected due to the shift of public and academic interest on Burma after 1988. They, however, shed light on some core elements of Burmese politics.
2 Biographical Scetch
Soe was born in 1905[1] in Kyauktan, a village near Kyaikkami – known as Amherst in English – in today’s Mon State. From 1922 to 1937 he was employed by the Burmah Oil Company as laboratory assistant in the oil refinery in Thanlyin (Syriam) near Yangon. He was an avid reader, particularly interested in books on socialism that were pouring into Burma at that time.
Title of „Socialism“ – The slogan on the red area means „May the revolution be victorious“
In June 1938 his book „Socialism“ (literally translated: “Socialist ideology”) was published by the Nagani („Red Dragon”) Book Club that he had co-founded together with Than Tun and Nu. Than Tun wrote the foreword. After he stopped working at the oil company, Nu supported him for some time. In 1938, he played a role in the strike of the workers on the oil fields and in Thanlyin, became a member of the Thakin movement, the Do-bama Asiayone and a member of its Central Committee, and worked as an honorary secretary at the book club, the intellectual centre of the association.
In August 1939, he was – together with Than Tun and Aung San – one of the 12 or 13 people who founded a communist party cell that later was regarded as the foundation of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). One year later, he was – as many other Thakins – imprisoned by the British because of the agitation against the refusal of the British to promise Burma’s independence in return to the Burmese support of the war against the European Fascist powers. He was freed when the Japanese entered Burma in 1942, but unlike Aung San, Nu and Than Tun, went underground in the Irrawaddy Delta to fight the Japanese instead of initially cooperating with them. At that time, he communicated both with the British authorities in India through Thein Pe, another communist leader, who had left Burma for India. Meanwhile, most Thakins served in the Burmese government that had been set up after Japan had nominally granted independence to Burma in August 1943.
In December 1943, Soe was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Burma. In August 1944, the foundation of a popular front against the Japanese named Anti-Fascist Organisation (AFO), later renamed the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) comprising of the Burmese army as well as the communist party and an emerging socialist group was discussed at Thakin Soe’s headquarters and shortly afterwards was formally enacted in Rangoon. Soe was regarded as the political leader whereas Aung San was in charge of the army. He then cooperated with Ne Win who commanded an army unit in the delta as a „political advisor“ looking after the correct political attitude of the soldiers.
After the victory of the Allies in the last months of the war with assistance of the Burmese army which Aung San had led in revolt agains the Japanes in March, and celebrated in Rangoon in June 1945, Soe lost his post as General Secretary of the communist party one month later but remained a member of the Central Committee. Accusations of his weakness for women and inclination to alcohol contributed to losing his post. With the assistance of a British Communist he then travelled to India in the plane of the Royal Air Force and had talks with Indian Communists. After his return, he was strongly convinced that any cooperation with the British was wrong and an armed revolution to liberate Burma immediately from British rule had to be started.[2] After a long debate in the party over Soe’s demand to lead the party alone, he left the CPB with seven other members of the Central Committee and formed the Communist Party (Burma) called Red Flag Communist Party. The main colour of its flag was red whereas that of the “White Flag Communists” under Than Tun’s leadership was white.
The new party was declared illegal in July 1946 by the British government and went underground. Soe continued an armed struggle against the governments led by Aung San (until his assassination in July 1947), Nu (1947-1958; 1960-1962) and Ne Win (1958-1960; from 1962 on) until 1970.[3] The rebellion of his party concentrated on the western part of Burma (Pakokku and later Rakhine and parts of the Irrawaddy Delta and was characterised by a constant decrease of followers due to his extremely authoritarian style of leadership. In 1970 he surrendered together with his fifth wife, his newly born son and 30 followers. He was tried for high treason in 1972, received a death sentence in 1973. His appeals and calls for pardon were rejected, but he was not executed. He was released in 1980 in course of an amnesty and – together with Nu, his former enemy – and received a state pension afterwards. In 1988 he played a minor role in the popular uprising by becoming patron of one of the parties founded after the military coup of September 1988. He died on May 6, 1989.
3 Aims, Achievements and Personality
Soe lived an underground life fighting different governments from 1942 when he was 37 years old for almost 30 years. Before that, he wrote at least three books[4] and many pamphlets and was therefore regarded as the communist sayagyi – great teacher. His comrade and later rival Than Tun who had helped him to write his book on socialism in “good Burmese” in contrast excelled as organiser and party manager and became a much greater threat to the government than Thakin Soe’s small group.[5] Almost nothing however is known in a foreign language about his writings and speeches except the translation of his book on socialism. His visions and political goals therefore up to now cannot be directly reconstructed by quoting him „in his own voice“.
Like Aung San, Than Tun and many other Burmese revolutionaries fighting for independence, Soe was a „political animal“ in his own right. He called himself a “professional revolutionary” in an interviews after his release. He might have regarded himself as a „Burmese Karl Marx“ by explaining his theory to his fellow countryman. In his book, he quotes Marx: „To devote myself to this work, I have sacrificed my well-being, my family life and everything.“ (Soe 1938: 54) At the time of writing his book, he might have compared his life to that of his teacher. Later, he might have been inclined to compare himself with Lenin. In his autobiography, he commented on particular events happening during his life with lengthy excerpt from Marx’s Das Kapital. And he reported that at his birth a special omen had happened indicating that Soe was to become a great historic figure. (Taylor 2008: 11) During his revolutionary struggle, he did not compromise and lost the sympathies of many of his followers because he himself did not abide by the strict rules of party discipline that he had issued.
It is notable, however, that Soe did not share the fate of many other fighters who believed in the Marxist doctrine that the necessity of an armed struggle was a core element of the „science of revolution“. He was not „eaten by the revolution“ like Than Tun who was killed in 1968 by a follower after he himself had organised purges of the party in the wake of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Soe finally might have taken his lessons drawn from Marx and Engels seriously that nobody could predict the day when the complete liberation of people after the replacement of capitalism by socialism was achieved. (Soe 1938: 84). His surrender to the government was a mix of frustration about the failure of his revolutionary movement, old age and care for his last wife and his newborn son he had fathered at the age of 64. During his trial, he tried everything to reject the responsibility for atrocities committed by his followers and stressed his sympathy with the aims of the Revolutionary Council headed by Ne Win.
It seems quite clear that Soe was a complex personality. He was known to be a good singer who fervently sung the Dobama song composed in 1930 – still Myanmar’s national anthem – at political gatherings and on other occasions entertained audiences with traditional songs. Furthermore, he played the violin.
The ambivalence of his character can be illustrated by the famous story that during his resistance activities against the Japanese in World War II he ordered lipsticks and nylons for his female followers to be parachuted down to the resistance headquarters in the Irrawaddy Delta. This could be regarded as a kind gesture to his female followers (Maung Maung 1959: 65) but Ne Win who commanded the troops of the resistance unit reprimanded Soe for playing war.
Takhin Soe never held an influential political post. Nevertheless he had a great impact on the course of Myanmar ’s modern history. His role in the independence struggle during World War II was crucial for creating a delicate balance between the official cooperation of the Thakins with the Japanese intruders and the British who needed local support for their attempts to recapture the country. Furthermore, Soe had been the only prominent Thakin with clear „anti-fascist“ activities during the war within Myanmar and thus provided credibility to the first declaration of the AFPFL issued in August 1946 and entitled „Drive Away the Fascist Japanese Marauders“. It can be safely assumed that Soe was heavily involved in drafting the manifesto that included the guidelines of a future constitution and was distributed around the whole country.
At least equally important is Soe’s impact on shaping the Burmese understanding of socialism and communism that dominated the country’s history for many decates. As Robert Taylor notes:
Ten years after Socialism appeared, Myanmar received its independence before dawn on 4 January 1948. By then almost every articulate politician and nationalist in the country claimed to be a socialist, Marxist, or communist. (Taylor 2008: 6)
Soe’s work had not just explained socialism in a way that could be understood by Buddhists by linking Marxist dialectics with Buddhist philosophy. This explains why the book was reprinted in Myanmar in the 1960s and 1970s even at a time when the author still lived in his hideouts. One of Soe’s students, Chit Hlaing together with another student drafted the Philosophy of the Burma Socialist Programme Party „The Correlation Between Man and His Environment“ that took up Soe’s approach,[6] One may argue that Soe’s influence even extended beyond the end of the party’s rule. One of the students of Chit Hlaing at the military academy was Than Shwe who was instrumental in directing Myanmar’s politics towards a kind of democracy acceptable to the army, the leading founding member of the AFPFL. He did not forget his teacher but cared for his health when Chit Hlaing became blind.
His last political activity after accepting the post of the Unity and Development Party in September 1988 that got just 3.656 votes in the 1990 elections was a letter to Aung San Suu Kyi written in 1989 in which he warned her not to repeat his own mistake and try to work with the army (Taylor 2008: 11).
Note: The main source of this text is Klaus Fleischmann’s book published in German in 1989. References to this book are not given in the text. Fleischmann interviewed Soe after his release in 1980. It can be assumed that there are many more sources available in Myanmar that can help to paint a clearer picture of Soe and his legacy.
Chit Hlaing 2008 A Short Note on My Involvement in the Burma Socialist Programme Party. Hans-Bernd Zöllner (ed.) 2008 Thakin Soe, Socialism and Chit Hlaing, Memories. Myanmar Literature Project vol. 10. Passau, Lehrstuhl für Südostasienkunde: 114-162. (http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/mlp10.10-op.pdf).
Fleischmann, Klaus 1989. Die kommunistische Partei Birmas. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Hamburg, Institut für Asienkunde.
Fleischmann, Klaus 1989. Documents on Communism in Burma, 1945-1977. Hamburg, Institut für Asienkunde.
Lintner, Bertil 1990. The Rise and the Fall of the Communist Party in Burma. Ithaca, N.Y : Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University
Soe (Thakin) 1938 Socialism. Hans-Bernd Zöllner (Hrsg.) 2008 Thakin Soe, Socialism and Chit Hlaing, Memories. Myanmar Literature Project vol. 10. Passau, Lehrstuhl für Südostasienkunde: 17-106 (http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/mlp10.10-op.pdf).
Taylor, Robert 2008. Introduction. Hans-Bernd Zöllner (ed.) 2008 Thakin Soe, Socialism and Chit Hlaing, Memories. Myanmar Literature Project vol. 10. Passau, Lehrstuhl für Südostasienkunde:: 5-13. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/mlp10.10-op.pdf.
Who’s Who in Burma 1961. Rangoon: People’s Literature Committee and House.
[1] Who’s Who in Burma, 1961 (People’s Literature Commettee and House): 156. Dictionaries as well as Wikipedia give 1906 as his year of birth.
[2] Soe objected to the “Browderist line” named after the leader of the communist party of the United States who advocated a peaceful development in – temporary – cooperation with ideological enemies.
[3] Nu’s government offered a reward of 1000.Kyat – an enormous sum at that time – for his capture – „dead or alive“. (Who’s Wo in Burma 1961: 156).
[4] Socialism (1938); Resistence ion Burma (1939); Labour World (1940). The first was published by the Nagani Book Club, the two others by the Myanmar Publishing House established in 1939 by Tun Aye, a co-founder of Nagani who – being a staunch communist like Soe and Than Tun – left the publishing house because he regarded the issuing of shares supported by Nu too capitalist.
[5] The CIA in a memorandum of 1971 guessed that his armed group consisted of not more than 200-300 fighters (https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/esau-52.pdf: 2).
[6] Chit Hlaing 2008: 124.
Autor Hans-Bernd ZöllnerVeröffentlicht am 14. Juli 2018 27. Dezember 2018 Kategorien Communism, Politics, SocialismSchreibe einen Kommentar zu Thakin Soe (1905-1989)
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Women on currency – what old is new again
by Maeve Clark on April 21st, 2016
Yesterday, Jacob Lew, Treasury Secretary, announced the proposal to replace Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill with Harriet Tubman, the former slave and abolitionist, and to add women and civil rights leaders to the $5 and $10 notes. This brought up a couple of questions at the Info Desk. Has there ever been a woman on United States paper currency? There’s the Susan B. Anthony dollar coin, right? Yes, but it’s no longer minted.
ICPL’s reference collection is no where near as large as it was before the Internet (BI), but books on collecting coins and paper currency and stamps are still staples. (The collecting of coins and stamps have two fancy names -numismatics and philately – but I am always afraid I am mispronouncing t hem so I just stick with calling them coin collecting and stamp collecting, no need to put on airs…) The Standard Catalogs of World Paper Money and Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogues are integral parts of the collection. While there is a lot information on the values of coins, paper currency and stamps online, many collectors still prefer to use books. I am sure that next year’s Standard Catalog of World Paper Money will have a feature the changes to United States currency. Maybe they will even feature the Harriet Tubman bill on the cover.
The Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History had a fascinating piece on woman on currency on its website. One of the first historic women to appear on money was Arsinoe II, a Ptolemaic queen of Egypt, in the 3rd century BCE. Queen Elizabeth the Second, (celebrating her 90th birthday today, Happy Birthday!) has been featured on coins and currency all over the British realm. The federal government began issuing paper currency in 1861. Martha Washington appeared on a one dollar silver certificate in 1886 and Pocahontas was on the back of a 20 dollar bill in 1875. Sojourner Truth, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul and Elizabeth Cady Stanton will be featured on the back of the new $10 bill. Women on 20, a online site that pushed to have women featured on currency, is now mounting a campaign to have the new $20 bill appear at the same time as the $10 bill. The movement is a strong one and highlights the power of the web as a tool for change. And finally, I would be remiss if I didn’t also include the Irish pound note that featured Queen Medb, also know as Maeve. The note was issued from 1977 to 1989 until is was replaced by the Euro.
Tags: bills, coins paper money, currency, Harriet Tubman, money, Susan B. Anthony
Published in From the Information Desk, From the Shelves
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2 Responses to “Women on currency – what old is new again”
Wendy DeCora says:
Don’t forget the Sacagawea dollar that’s been around since 2000. I really like that coin and I wish it was in circulation more.
Maeve Clark says:
Thanks, Wendy, I forgot about the US coins.
Mothers and Libraries
Learn more from DNA results at ICPL on April 25
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Anger over reports that care fee commitment has been abandoned
Palmers Solicitors in Essex October 13, 2017 October 16, 2017
There was anger this week after it emerged that a former promise to introduce a cap on care home fees by 2020 has apparently been dropped.
Former Prime Minister David Cameron had previously pledged to introduce a cap of around £75,000 on the amount that Britons would have to pay to cover the costs of their own care.
His commitment came following growing concerns about the spiralling costs involved.
But this week, following several months of controversy over proposals to reform social care, a senior Government source said that the cap – originally set to be introduced by the turn of the decade – was now unlikely to see the light of the day until well into the 2020s.
Baroness Altmann, a former Pensions Minister, told The Daily Mail that she was “shocked” at the decision to abandon the original timetable.
“Delaying the cap again just seems to be unjust,” she said. “This is a real crisis. The Government has got to take some action to protect families from the unfairness of the care lottery.”
The original idea of a cap was first included in a report prepared by the respected economist Andrew Dilnot in 2011, and four years on Mr Cameron had included it in his General Election manifesto. At that stage it was envisaged it would take effect in 2016.
However, the implementation date was later pushed back when it became clear that the care sector was not ready to implement the changes.
While Mr Cameron’s successor, Theresa May, has confirmed there will be a consultation on options for reforming social care, the Government has refused to be drawn on whether its revised timetable would be adhered to and this week there were several press reports which indicated that the 2020 target had indeed been kicked into the long grass.
← Full scale of Equifax breach exposed as hundreds of thousands of Brits are affected
Strong performance for UK commercial property in Q3 →
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The MDA rap music video (in convulsions now)
Singapore November 23rd, 2007
I just saw the music video at http://www.mda.gov.sg/wms.www/video.htm. Hmm… I don’t quite know what to make of it, but can someone tell me what was the MV all about?
I have made some observations though, that:
It was generally a good effort
People who were in the MV didn’t quite know how to rap (but that’s ok)
There was at least one person who looked like he/she was forced to do the "yo-yo-check-it-out" sign
It was one brave guy who donned the red underwear cape
I’m not sure what to make of it. Really. I’m in… shock!!! *gasp*
Update: So it’s in the news after all! =P
YES, yes, y’all, they don’t stop!
The top brass in the Media Development Authority (MDA) have pulled in 20,000 views on the video-sharing website YouTube in just two days.
It is a feat few local acts manage. A video of opposition leader Chiam See Tong during the last General Election – considered well watched – has been viewed only about 11,000 times.
The MDA video, classified under ‘comedy’ on YouTube, features the agency’s senior people jabbing their fingers in the air and rapping about a vibrant Singapore.
It was produced to showcase the agency’s work on the media scene.
The brainchild of MDA communications director Cassandra Tay, the four-minute clip was first shown at a staff conference in April.
It was also screened at the reception areas of offices and to new staff.
The rap video was so well received that it was later sent to those in the industry in a memory drive together with the agency’s annual report.
A version was also put on its website.
The public cottoned on after newspaper reports this week and so far, at least six copies of the video have been put up on YouTube.
Article obtained from straitstimes.com on 23rd November 2007
Previous: Back to office
Next: Photo from suspect blog brushed aside by Malaysia’s counsel as “not worth discussing”
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Margaret Willis's interest in ballet stems from a five-year stay in the former Soviet Union (1976-81) where she studied classical ballet and began writing on dance. Visiting Cuba in 1990, she first saw Carlos Acosta and has continued to follow his stellar career. She was a member of London City Ballet from 1990-3, performing principal character roles, is the author of Russian Ballet on Tour and contributed several articles for the International Dictionary of Ballet. She writes regularly for The Dancing Times, Dance Magazine and international publications. In 1986, she was the researcher for a BBC TV documentary on the Bolshoi Ballet.
Titles by Margaret Willis
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Organisations we support and work with in various ways:
Click to visit websites
“Tyneside Outdoors has emerged from a desire by its founders, and a recognised need within inner city communities, to engage people in informal education through out-of-doors activities.”
Unicef: “Right now, millions of children are in danger. They’re facing violence, disease, hunger, and the chaos of war and disaster. Together, we have the power to change that. With your help, we’ll do whatever it takes until every child is safe.”
“AF&V is a UK Veterans’ run organisation consisting of Armed Forces & Veterans – a company which provides discounted homes for serving and ex-armed forces members – and AF&V Launchpad, a registered charity which provides affordable rental accommodation for veterans making the transition to civilian life.”
“Daft as a Brush Cancer Patient Care offers staffed custom-made vehicles to transport outpatients, free of charge, to and from Hospital who are undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy cancer treatment. The regions to be covered by Daft as a Brush are: Northumberland, North and South Tyneside, Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne and surrounding areas. There would be no charge to the patients for our Service.”
“The Green Festival has grown into a flagship environmental event and is dubbed the North’s ‘mini-Glastonbury’. We intend to build on that reputation; raising awareness of environmental issues and giving the community a great weekend in one of Newcastle’s most beautiful parks.”
Red Cross has launched the Nepal Region Earthquake Appeal to provide humanitarian support to people affected by the 7.9 magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April.
A second earthquake of 7.3 magnitude on 12 May has brought further grief and destruction to Nepal.
Hundreds of homes close to the quake’s epicentre in northern Nepal have collapsed, while thousands more remain homeless from the first earthquake in April. Right across the country, people urgently need shelter, safe drinking water, healthcare and help to recover from the trauma they have faced.
Nurture Hadrian’s Wall is part of a small charity based in Cumbria. We work with a whole range of stakeholders including: tourism businesses, visitors, local authorities, food producers, utilities, community groups, volunteers, conservationists and other organisations with an interest in or influence upon the natural environment. The team is led by Karen Mitchell, Director.
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Found 3 collections related to Moses, Robert, 1888-1981
Moses, Robert, 1888-1981
Robert Moses papers, 1912-1980
142 linear feet (140 boxes and 57 v.)
Collection consists of correspondence, speeches, memoranda, press releases, reports, plans, photographs, clippings, and other printed matter documenting the career of Robert Moses. Personal Correspondence and "Library" (personal copy) files make... more
Collection consists of correspondence, speeches, memoranda, press releases, reports, plans, photographs, clippings, and other printed matter documenting the career of Robert Moses. Personal Correspondence and "Library" (personal copy) files make up the bulk of the collection and include materials relating to topics such as the creation of parks and roads, Moses's political activities, regulation of banks, depression relief, the World's Fairs of 1939-1940 and 1964-1965, the United Nations headquarters, the Hall of Fame of Great Americans, and personal and family matters. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority papers concern projects to build bridges, tunnels and highways as well as Moses's appointment as chairman. Emergency Public Works Commission and Office of the City Construction Coordinator series pertain to depression relief efforts and publicly funded building activities in New York City. Gubernatorial Campaign materials consist mainly of speeches, press releases, correspondence, and background information on the issues of the election of 1934. Department of Parks files concern the improvement of New York City parks and the expansion of parks and playgrounds. Constitutional Convention series contains correspondence on the administrative, legal and personal issues of New York governmental reform in the 1930s. Long Island State Park Commission and New York State Council of Parks materials relate to the development, maintenance and improvement of parks. less
American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society
American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society records, 1895-1971
Manuscripts and Archives Division | MssCol 91
14 linear feet (14 cartons)
The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society was founded in 1895 to preserve scenic and historic sites. The records contain correspondence, minutes, reports, photographs and printed material documenting the Society's work, chiefly in New... more
The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society was founded in 1895 to preserve scenic and historic sites. The records contain correspondence, minutes, reports, photographs and printed material documenting the Society's work, chiefly in New York State. less
New York World's Fair 1939 and 1940 Incorporated
New York World's Fair 1939 and 1940 Incorporated records, 1935-1945 [bulk 1939-1940]
1203.48 linear feet (2508 boxes, 42 volumes; 12 sound recordings)
The New York World's Fair of 1939 and 1940, was held in Flushing Meadows in the Borough of Queens. The non-profit Fair corporation was formed in 1935 under the guidance of business and civic leaders, and financed through federal, state, municipal... more
The New York World's Fair of 1939 and 1940, was held in Flushing Meadows in the Borough of Queens. The non-profit Fair corporation was formed in 1935 under the guidance of business and civic leaders, and financed through federal, state, municipal and private funds. The Fair commemorated the 150th anniversary of Washington's inauguration in New York City and took "Building the World of Tomorrow" as its central theme. Participants included close to 60 nations, 33 states and U.S. territories, and over a thousand exhibitors, among them some of the largest corporations in the United States. The records of the New York World's Fair 1939-1940 Incorporated present a comprehensive view of all aspects of the Fair including construction, maintenance and demolition of Fair facilities; planning and development; architecture and landscaping; displays and exhibits; government participation; publicity and public relations; amusements, entertainment and concessions; legal and financial affairs; the import and export of goods; labor relations; and public safety and welfare. In addition to correspondence and memoranda, the collection consists of reports, minutes, financial and legal records, architectural plans, design drawings, sound recordings, brochures, leaflets, press releases and other promotional materials, notably over 12,000 photographs of the Fair, its exhibits and visitors. less
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Signature Theatre Company ephemera
Overview Printable (PDF) version Contact the division
Signature Theatre Company (New York, N.Y.)
8-MWEZ + 30508
Signature Theatre Company ephemera, 8-MWEZ + 30508. Billy Rose Theatre Division, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Billy Rose Theatre Division
Some collections held by the Dance, Music, Recorded Sound, and Theatre Divisions at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts are held off-site and must be requested in advance. Please check the collection records in the NYPL's online catalog for detailed location information. For general guidance about requesting offsite materials, please consult: https://www.nypl.org/about/locations/lpa/requesting-archival-materials
New York's Signature Theatre Company devotes each season to the works of one contemporary playwright, who is directly involved in the productions throughout the season as playwright-in-residence. Founded in January 1991 by artistic director James Houghton, the company was originally located in the East Village for several years before finding a permanent home on West 42nd Street. The company invites each of its chosen playwrights to be involved in all creative decisions: the selection of plays, directors, designers, actors, etc. Playwrights chosen to present a season's worth of work by the Signature Theatre Company include Romulus Linney, Lee Blessing, Edward Albee, Horton Foote, Adrienne Kennedy, Sam Shepard, Arthur Miller, John Guare, Maria Irene Fornes, Lanford Wilson, Bill Irwin, Paula Vogel, and August Wilson. The Signature Theatre Company ephemera consists of clippings, fliers, photocopies, programs, press releases, photographs and other documents pertaining to the company.
Houghton, James
Dramatists, American
Theater -- New York (State) -- New York
Fliers (printed matter)
New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center
40 Lincoln Center Plaza, New York, NY 10023-7498
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Canna Research Group
Leaders in Cannabis Outcomes Research
CRG in the community
Joanna S. Zeiger, MS, PhD
Robert S. Zeiger, MD, PhD
William S. Silvers, MD
Edward M. Fleegler, MD
Our treatment of data, confidentiality, and commitment to the scientific community is unassailable
Scientific Rigor
We follow the highest standards of scientific research, statistical analysis, and disclosure practices.
The care and well being of patients who will benefit through pain relief and improved quality of life are the focus of our research and educational programs.
Joanna Zeiger, MS, PhD
Joanna Zeiger, MS, PhD, is an epidemiologist with a strong background in study design and biostatistics, particularly questionnaire-based outcomes studies. Joanna’s studies took her to Brown University (BA) and Northwestern University (MS). She did her doctoral and post-doctoral work at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health with a focus on gene-environment interactions in the etiology of birth defects. Upon moving to Colorado in 2003, Dr. Zeiger spent eight years at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics at the University of Colorado Boulder studying drug use and abuse in adolescents; her particular interest was on initial subjective effects to drugs and how they affect long term usage. In 2016, Dr. Joanna was the PI of The Sisu Study which examined mental toughness latent classes in 1250 athletes. The Athlete PEACE Survey, a study for which Dr. Joanna Zeiger was the PI, was completed in late 2018. This study examined cannabis use in athletes. In 2017, The Champion Mindset: An Athlete’s Guide to Mental Toughness was published by St. Martin’s Press. A 2009 bike accident left Dr. Joanna Zeiger, an Olympian and former World Champion in triathlon, with severe chronic pain for which she started using cannabis to mitigate symptoms and to aid with sleep. Learning more about cannabis and its medicinal possibilities, particularly in the climate of the opioid crisis, has driven Dr. Joanna Zeiger’s interest to study the plant; her emphasis is on patient outcomes and finding ways to improve the lives of those who suffer with pain.
Robert Zeiger, MD, PhD
Robert S. Zeiger, MD, PhD, has been Senior Physician Investigator and Director of Allergy Research for Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), San Diego, California, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine in La Jolla, California, and Deputy Editor for the Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunology: In Practice. He is Board Certified in Pediatrics and Allergy. Dr. Robert Zeiger was Principal Investigator (PI) for the UCSD/KPSC Clinical Center for the multicenter National Health Lung Blood Institute (NHLB)I sponsored Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) and Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network. He is presently PI for the KPSC Clinical Center for the NHLBI funded Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART). He has recently explored the power of administrative data obtained from large computerized electronic pharmacy and healthcare databases to perform outcome studies on severe asthma, the clinical and cost burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic cough, and to conduct innovative clinical trials. “Given the disastrous and troubling opioid epidemic, the high prevalence of unrelenting chronic pain, and the lack of highly effective and safe treatments for chronic pain, there is a major public health need for novel effective medications. More definitive research needs to better understand the current use of cannabis for pain in the United States and to provide future evidence through rigorous clinical trials on the role of cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain, inflammatory conditions, and other chronic conditions.”
William Silvers, MD
Chief Scientific Officer
William S. Silvers, M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicine at University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Allergy Clinical Immunology. Faculty affiliate of the CU Center for Bioethics and Humanities. MD at Indiana University School of Medicine. Internship and residency at Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta. Dr. Silvers did his Fellowship at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, then spent the next year doing research and starting an allergy clinic at the Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem. He was past president of the Colorado Allergy & Asthma Society, and past medical director of the Colorado Children’s Asthma “Champ Camp” and Medical Director for Asthma Ski Day. Chaired the Sports Medicine committee of the ACAAI and the World Allergy Organization, and helped found the Integrative Medicine committees of the ACAAI and AAAAI. Listed in 5280 “Denver’s Top Doctors” for multiple years. Dr. Silvers retired from private practice after 35 years. Scientific interests include Integrative Approaches to allergies and asthma, exercise induced allergies, and “The Skier’s Nose” – cold induced rhinitis. Since the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in Colorado, he has published and spoken on its allergic immunologic correlates.
Edward Fleegler, MD
Edward M. Fleegler, MD, FACP, is a Board Certified-Internist who had dual certification in Geriatrics. He worked with the Mariott Corporation’s Senior Living Division as the Medical Director of The Quadrangle (Mariott flagship CCRC) located in Haverford, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the clinical faculty of The University of Pennsylvania Healthcare system until 2000. Dr. Fleegler left clinical practice in 2000, after 25+ years. He was a member of the founding group of Carekinesis which is now a part of Tabula Rasa Healthcare. Dr. Fleegler remains interested in geriatric syndromes and end-of-life medical care issues. He feels that outcomes research with cannabis as part of a multimodal intervention for pain syndromes among the elderly is important given that 25-50% of community-dwelling older adults and 45-80% of nursing-home residents have substantial pain on a daily basis., FACP, is a Board Certified-Internist who also had dual certification in Geriatrics when a clinically practicing Internist/Geriatrician. He worked with the Mariott Corporation’s Senior Living Division as the Medical Director of The Quadrangle (Mariott flagship CCRC) located in Haverford, Pennsylvania. During his clinical years in medical practice, he was a member of the clinical faculty of The University of Pennsylvania Healthcare system until 2000. He was a member of the founding group of Carekinesis which is now a part of Tabula Rasa Healthcare. Dr. Fleegler feels that outcomes research with cannabis as part of a multimodal intervention for pain syndromes among the elderly is important given that older adults and nursing-home residents have substantial pain on a daily basis.
The CRG Mission
To be the preeminent “outcomes studies” advisers for anyone considering cannabis research for chronic pain management.
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Postmodernism Weaponized
"Conscience" is a "bourgeois" value. The Revolution must overcome it and the idea of truth that stands behind it.
Be of Good Cheer
Recommendation: "Kashmir" by Vitasta Raina
Permit me to recommend a new poem from Vitasta Raina. Please click HERE.
Composing the Composition
Rendezvous with Early Modernity (Il mondo creato coming soon)
Torquato Tasso and Eleonora D'Este examining a proof copy of the new International Authors translation of Creation of the World.
Rendezvous with Modernity
Apollo 11 Command Module in High Resolution
To mark the 47th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon-landing mission, the Smithsonian has made available high-resolution 3-D scans of command module “Columbia,” the spacecraft that carried astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins to the moon. To view the interior, click HERE. Once the viewer is opened, control the perspective with your mouse. Buttons in the upper left corner provide additional features, including a detailed tour of capsule highlights. To view the capsule exterior, click HERE.
The Place of Philosophical Inquiry
Understanding the sense of propositions proceeds the project of explaining reality, as the analysis of the former calls into question the authority of the latter.
Paradise Lost and the analysis of intellectual mythology, very brief
Myth is not fiction: it consists of facts that are continually repeated and can be observed over and over again. It is something that happens to man, and men have mythical fates just as much as the Greek heroes do.
~ Carl Jung, CW 11, §648.
Milton would disagree, I think, as Jung's formulation attributes a kind of logical, scientific legitimacy to emotional experience. It's like Jung is saying the experience of a headache is the same as a scientific understanding of headaches. By way of explanation, let's dilate upon a definition of poetry and myth, and then clarify their relationship to each other.
I use the words interchangeably: myth is poetry, poetry is myth, and it--poetry/myth--is either in some sense accurate, or in some sense deceptive. Compare Wittgenstein: "Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language" (PI §109). In Paradise Lost, Milton is using the poem to analyze this very bewitchment, and as such it can be read as an anthropological exposition of the emergence of analytic philosophy and clear(er) understanding. In Milton, the language of religion and religious myth becomes the vehicle for the emergence of this clearer understanding: the transcendence of misunderstanding and deception (lies/Satan) is realized metaphorically in the victory of the Son, who is the clarification of philosophical credulousness that is rooted in conceptual confusion and the misuse of language.
Milton begins with religious language because of our historical circumstance. We are forced to use this language, but over time the discussion produces various heterodoxies that allow us to view the linguistic-stream-of-life confluence in toto--or rather in context--thus enabling us to gain a clear overview of the parts, the whole, and their relations to each other.
Hester and Dimmesdale go through this in The Scarlet Letter: the context of their Calvinist orthodoxy gives them the linguistic tools they use to transcend that same orthodoxy. In working this out, Hawthorne suggests a two-phase Calvinist experience, and places the "post-Calvinist" phase at the center of American political and philosophical understanding. Compare Melville in Moby-Dick, and Mark Twain in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Nabokov plays on this string producing marvelous effects in Pale Fire. The plot and theme of these novels is suggested by Wittgenstein:
What is your aim in philosophy? - To show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle.
~ Ludwig Wittgenstein, PI §309
I would argue, too, that this post-Calvinist worldview compares very closely to core aspects of Judaism, and also sets forth the outlines of the modern worldview we associate with Ockham, Bacon, Locke, and Jefferson--whose originality chiefly rests in his ability to clarify these ideas in memorable and effective political language.
Milton--returning once more--shows that poetry is the vehicle par excellence for examining the phenomenon and realizing Wittgenstein's aim.
Nationalism in the United States and Europe
While our use of the word is similar, Europeans and Americans understand the concept of nationalism in fundamentally different ways. The American "nation" is rooted in identification with the state and the social contract. In Europe, "nation," by definition, is rooted in culture and ethnicity.
In Europe, state and nation are separate entities. For historical and legal reasons, in America that can never be the case. Moreover, in America nationality is a philosophical concept, rooted not in identity but rather in process and activity. Nevertheless, America does have an identity.
State and nation are used almost interchangeably in America. Almost. Specifically, the state is subject to the democratic will and the republican structure of the political process. Nationhood--or national identity--is an acceptance of the social contract that defines and shapes the process. American national identity therefore is embodied in the U.S. Constitution.
(Note: I am circumspect about the use of the word "will" in the third paragraph, but for now we'll table that question for another occasion, when we will also tackle the distinction between government and state.)
Breaking: Professor Hodges to go K-Pop (trigger warning: cuddly American ex-pat culture and literature maven prepares to jump the shark)
Today I was going to write something profoundly insightful about fine contradistinctions among sundry American and European theories of nationalism, when I ran into Professor Hodges' recent Gypsy Scholar post describing his EWIS course, which he just finished teaching for the summer at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, South Korea. Well, as you can tell from the pictures, the aesthetic whirlwind I found myself caught up in switched me over to a consideration of K-pop. Allow me to explain...
The Wikipedia article describes K-pop as an exciting mix of popular musical genres:
K-pop (an abbreviation of Korean pop; Hangul: 케이팝) is a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Although it comprises all genres of "popular music" within South Korea, the term is more often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music covering a range of styles including dance-pop, pop ballad, electropop, R&B, and hip-hop music.
The genre emerged with one of the earliest K-pop groups, Seo Taiji and Boys, forming in 1992. Their experimentation with different music styles "reshaped Korea's music scene". As a result, the integration of foreign musical elements has now become common practice in the K-pop industry.
K-pop entered the Japanese market at the turn of the 21st century and rapidly grew into a subculture among teenagers and young adults of East and Southeast Asia. Currently, the global spread of K-pop and Korean culture known as the Korean Wave is seen in Latin America, India, North Africa, the Middle East, and elsewhere in the Western world.
K-pop represents a style of music that is not afraid of experimentation. As Highbrow readers especially know, years of developing new ideas can get a little tiresome. Moreover, there is ever the problem of exhausting the possibilities, of "drying up" and discovering that the next "new" idea has already been done. Bold new intellectual sensations don't grow on trees. Coming up with a "zilch" is always the specter lurking behind the next corner in the world of avant-garde "wow" engineering. One wonders, could even K-pop run out of steam?
Short answer: NO!
K-pop is getting smart again once more with a really new idea. How about a girl band featuring a forty-five (ahem) year-old American professor as the lead singer and dancer!? Now, my Korean pop culture IQ prohibits me from venturing to guess what the new band might be called, but I have a feeling my suggestion is for sure going to match the trendy excitement of the concept itself!
Dr. Daddy-O a-Go-Go!
Posted by Carter Kaplan at 10:57 PM 4 comments:
Technological Enigma in Search of a Title
De vulgari eloquentia
Museum for Art and Trade Celebrates Expressionist Mask Dance
Mask dance with expressionist costumes by Lavinia Schulz and Walter Holdt (around 1920) on the occasion of the reopening of the exhibition modern at the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg in February 2012. A co-production of the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe and the Hochschule für Musik und Theater, Hamburg.
To learn more about the costumes, please click HERE.
"The Engineers" by Julius Horsthuis
I've read only one of this short stories--about a pair of lovers committing seppuku, as I recall. Very powerful voice. Intense.
Bushido is at the center of Mishima's error, I believe. Captain Tameichi Hara is very critical of the philosophy in his memoir Japanese Destroyer Captain. One such passage can be viewed HERE.
What can we make of Yukio Mishima? Off the top of my head, I want to compare him to Bruce Lee. Both can be seen as representing similar difficulties shared by bright and talented--and very ambitious--Asian men in the post-WWII period. There is all this tremendous history and culture behind them, and yet the historical situation is such that their cultures (and they) have been humiliated. Both are keenly aware of the issue, and both are engaged in creating reasoned and workable responses. Possibly because of the nature of the philosophy he was building from, Lee produced the more successful response. But Lee's experience of Hong Kong and America was also to his advantage. Lee looked to the future, to an inclusive philosophy where everyone had a seat at the table. Lee was about understanding, about truth, about acknowledging "what works best," about living, about the "veracity" of the moment and spontaneously living in that moment. I would note, too, that conservative Chinese elements in San Francisco did not like Lee teaching their "secrets" to the westerners, and I think it had to do with a pretty bad beating Lee took... It's in that biographical film about Lee that his wife had a hand in making. Lee's Chinese identification was philosophical--he didn't have it on his back, but under his belt. Mishima's Japanese identification was too backward-looking, too closely bound up in the "political mechanics" of that identification. And he missed out on an opportunity of expressing what was best in that culture by succumbing to what was worst.
Mishima projects a deep sensitivity in the video. Or is it his charisma? His death was evidently a tragedy: in one view a grotesque exercise in egoism, in another a misjudged response to the failure of a misjudged political cause. He was not a mere fanatic, however, or so it would seem.
USS Squando, a Casco class light draft monitor
USS Squando at Charleston, South Carolina, in December 1865.
"Blue Shore"
Lyonel Feininger "Blue Shore" 1938 Watercolor and India ink
Existential Crisis Resolution for Young People and their Friends Considered as a Synchronal Cosmic Veneer
Perpetual Change
I see the cold mist in the night
And watch the hills roll out of sight.
I watch in ev'ry single way,
Inside out, outside in, ev'ry day.
The sun can warm the coldest dawn
And move the movement on the lawn.
I learn in ev'ry single day,
Inside out, outside in, ev'ry way.
And there you are,
Making it up but you're sure that it is a star,
And boy you'll see
It's an illusion shining down in front of me,
And then you'll say
Even in time we shall control the day,
When what you'll see
Deep inside base controlling you and me.
And one peculiar point I see,
As one of many ones of me.
As truth is gathered, I rearrange,
Inside out, outside in, inside out, outside in,
Perpetual change.
Saying we have the moon, so now the stars,
When all you see
Is near disaster gazing down on you and me,
And there you're standing,
Saying we have the whole world in our hands,
When all you'll see,
Deep inside the world's controlling you and me.
You'll see perpetual change.
As mist and sun are both the same,
We look on as pawns of their game.
They move to testify the day,
All of the way.
Ah, Ah.
-- Yes
Yuko Nii’s Bridge Concept, an Illustrated Note (revisited)
In light of the current interest in political philosophy, I should like to look at some forward looking ideas we've considered here at the crossroads of the Highbrow Commonwealth. On February 10, 2012, I posted the following note on Yoko Nii's Bridge Concept:
Brilliant gems of knowledge have been surfacing as I learn more about the Williamsburg Art and Historical Center.
In recent correspondence with Terrance Lindall, we have been discussing Yuko Nii’s “Bridge Concept” and the mission of the WAH Center to bring different peoples together by building cultural bridges that serve as a catalyst for producing social and economic progress. One of Yuko’s inspirations was the bridge that was figuratively built when Japan opened its doors to the West and America during the Meiji (“enlightenment”) period. Western ideas in education, politics and commerce found fertile soil in Japan, which subsequently, and with remarkable alacrity, modernized into a world power of the first order. Though the initial progress of the Japanese Empire is a controversial subject, there is consensus applauding the “second” modernization of Japan that took place after the Second World War--once again with remarkable alacrity, and producing a nation that not only emerged again as a world power of the first order, but moreover did so with a denunciation of offensive warfare placed at the center of its new political constitution.
Housed in the WAH Center, the Yuko Nii Foundation is custodian to collections of books, art, porcelain, kimonos, sculpture, rare curios, and other objects d’art. Among this vast archive is an original illustration of President Ford and Emperor Hirohito honoring Perry's world changing voyage to Japan. The illustration is signed by President Ford and the illustrator Lloyd Ostendorf. The 20th century's pre-eminent authority on Lincoln photographs, Ostendorf was also the most famous illustrator of the life of Lincoln.
President Ford and Emperor Hirohito honoring Perry's Voyage, by Lloyd Ostendorf.
A first edition, 1856, of Perry's voyage. There was one previous large format version presented only to members of Congress. It contained an infamous nude bathing scene that scandalized the Capitol.
An illustration from Perry's Voyage.
Philosopher John Gray on Brexit: positive language
A friend just sent me this BBC 4 link to John Gray's assessment of the situation with Britain and the EU. Gray seems to support my sense that at some point in the future there is going to be a reentry or reenetry-like negotiation. I can only think there are bright people in the EU and the UK who want to hold things together, who will accommodate the British exit vote, and who will institute reforms that possibly needed to be made anyway. Listening to his observations, I sense that Gray is using the kind of language that could help bring people together.
Please click HERE to listen to Gray's assessment.
"Max Q"
In the field of aerodynamics, dynamic pressure, a combination of air density and speed, is called "Q". When a rocket is launched, the rocket accelerates and Q increases. As the rocket ascends though the atmosphere, air density decreases, and there is a point where the combination of increasing speed and decreasing density is a maximum. This point is called "Max Q." From this point on, the rocket continues to accelerate as it ascends through the atmosphere, but also air density continues to decrease, so that the increasing velocity of the rocket does not contribute to an increase in dynamic pressure. This is neatly illustrated in the following graph showing the dynamic pressure and velocity of a simulated Saturn Five passing through the atmosphere. Here Max Q is achieved eighty seconds after launch, approximately fifteen seconds after the simulated rocket has passed through the sound barrier.
In the following photograph of a Saturn Five, the condensation cloud forming around the lower half of the rocket indicates that it is passing through the sound barrier, and that it will soon reach Max Q.
Find this interesting? Please click HERE.
Jefferson, Franklin, Adams
Thomas Jefferson (right), Benjamin Franklin (left), and John Adams (center) meet at Jefferson's lodgings, on the corner of Seventh and High (Market) streets in Philadelphia, to review a draft of the Declaration of Independence. From a postcard reproduction of the oil painting "Writing the Declaration of Independence, 1776" by Jeon Leon Gerome Ferris (1863-1930). The faces of Franklin and Adams evoke rich characterizations. Jefferson's expression is harder to pin down, unless it be simple sincerity.
Daughters of Leisure, Observation, Introspection and Inspiration
Gustave Moreau: Les Muses quittent Apollon, leur Père, pour aller éclairer le Monde; The Muses leaving their father Apollo to go and bring light to the World (detail). Gustave Moreau Museum, Paris.
Solipsedelic Giddy Up a Ding Dong: Brexit, continued
In this matter of Brexit, I've observed that many people don't argue or debate, they fight. Rather than an informative conversation, people are locked in stubborn bickering. I have observed this in other discussions touching on topical subjects, and words like "insipid" and "solipsism" come to mind as I seek to understand why people are so angry. The intolerance is such that you might as well give up on a political discussion. People have their minds made up and that's it. People don't seem to want to compare their feelings as feelings. Feelings are treated like positions, and if they are not my positions, they are ridiculed and dismissed in a flurry of ad hominum invective. People don't want to analyze their own or others' levels of understanding. They don't want to learn why other people have the positions they do. People don't want to understand why others have differing views, they just want to label and condemn. Rather than seeing shades of grey, or cultivating a good sensitivity to irony, things are simply either "correct" or "incorrect." Very tiresome.
Remember the Chinese curse: "May you live in interesting times."
Rendezvous with Early Modernity (Il mondo creato ...
Paradise Lost and the analysis of intellectual myt...
Breaking: Professor Hodges to go K-Pop (trigger ...
Museum for Art and Trade Celebrates Expressionist ...
Existential Crisis Resolution for Young People and...
Yuko Nii’s Bridge Concept, an Illustrated Note (re...
Philosopher John Gray on Brexit: positive language...
Daughters of Leisure, Observation, Introspection a...
Solipsedelic Giddy Up a Ding Dong: Brexit, contin...
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15 Things That Guys Say When They Truly Love You
Find out if your guy loves you or not.
True love isn't really easy to spot. There are so many different behaviors and motives responsible for any one particular action of your boyfriend. But there are telltale signs in the subtlety of their words which scream out loud, "I love you" in the truest, purest sense of the words. While you cannot truly understand what's going on in his mind, the following 15 things he says will paint a bigger picture into his motives.
You complete me
It means you've become a part of him. Held together by the strong bond of love which cannot be untethered unless you do something fantastically stupid. It is an extremely wholesome means of professing true love without sounding dirty.
You look so good today
True you might not be looking extraordinarily exquisite that day, but his perception of you is purely seen from the eyes of love. His love does not dwindle based on your appearances because he equally adores what's on the inside.
"You make me feel so hot"
Arousal is an extremely important in any relationship and you cannot hope to continue down this path if there is no mutual attraction. Love requires both outer and inner beauty. So if you make him feel hot, you're doing okay.
"You are mine"
He is vocally reminding both himself and you that you are his. While it may sound creepy on paper, it truly is a lovely thing to say to someone you love who also loves you back. It means he won't cheat on you.
"Will you join me tomorrow"
If he truly loves you, he would absolutely adore it if you could accompany him to a party or an event. He feels proud to let everyone know he's dating someone special. If he didn't love you, he'd be embarrassed.
"Can you help me with this"
He's not afraid to enlist your help every now and then. It doesn't hurt his manhood or independence when his better half tries helping him sort things out in his life. This is only possible in true love.
"Will you meet my parents?"
Why would anyone want you to see their most private and closely guarded possession unless they trusted you enough not to hurt them? He holds his parents in high regard and wants them to see you as well.
"Will you move in with me"
Ming in with someone means you're now becoming privy to almost all their secrets in live. That includes all their bad habits, their hygiene problems and all their ups and downs in life. One doesn't let a complete stranger walks into their lives.
"Let's go to the movies"
He wants to spend all his free time with you. That includes taking you to the movies and following it up with dinner at an upscale restaurant. He is not afraid to throw money to impress you. He does offer to split the bills.
"I am yours"
He tells you repeatedly that his entire being belongs to you. Although it might give off creepy vibes, but it truly is his way of professing true love to you. It doesn't matter if you respond with something similar or rebuke him for sounding creepy.
"I love your voice"
The mere sound of your voice is enough to get him energized for the day. He lets you know this every now and then by whispering in hushed tones how much he loves the sound of sound of your voice.
"Will you have children with me"
This pretty much seals the deal. The fact that he wants to have children with you means he wants to stay long term. And no one likes staying for prolonged periods of time with someone who they don't adore.
"I care about you"
It's a loose form of saying, "I will do anything and everything in my power to protect you from harm". It makes his skin crawl to see you agitated or in pain and tries his best to rectify whatever might be bothering you.
"You smell so good"
You could be smelling like a bunch of rotten socks dripping with sweats, but the smell is enough to drive an instant surge of serotonin all across his body. It absolutely drives him crazy if you apply some good fragrance.
"I'd catch a grenade for you"
This powerful lyric from Bruno Mars symbolizes love in its purest sense. Your version of "I'd catch a grenade for you" might sound differently but they mean the same thing. That he will do everything to protect you.
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Rapper Eazy-E's Daughter Erin All Grown Up, This Is What She Looks Like Now
Emily Malone November 3rd 2017 Entertainment
Probably one of the best known rap groups of all time is Compton's N.W.A. All of the members of it have lived on in infamy as forefathers of modern rap, and one of the best known of them is Eazy-E. Tragically Eazy-E is no longer with us today, but he is survived by his daughter Erin Wright. Erin has grown up a lot since her father's death and is keeping up her father's legacy both through speaking about his life and through her own musical career.
Who Was Eazy-E?
Born Eric Lynn Wright to parents Richard and Kathie Wright in Compton, CA in 1964. Eric went on to become one of the most prolific rappers of all time both as a solo act and for his role in the group N.W.A. but despite his amazing career his life with through many tumultuous ups and downs.
High School Dropout
Like all too many American youth growing up in rough neighborhoods, Eric dropped out before graduating high school. He dropped out of school midway through his 10th grade year and began to hustle to survive. Later Eric went back and got his GED, which is a high school diploma equivalent.
N.W.A.'s Rise To Fame
Eric's rap career happened under the stage name of Eazy-E. He began his career before his time in N.W.A. but it was his involvement in this group that brought him to the spotlight, along with other original members Arabian Prince, Dr. Dre, and Ice Cube.
"The Godfather Of Gangsta Rap"
Eazy-E's debut solo album, Eazy-Duz-It, was released in 1998 and was 12 tracks long. The album sold 2.5 million copies and hit number 41 on the Billboard list. This album was the first popularized 'gangsta rap' album to be this successful and gained Eazy-E the title of "The Godfather of Gangsta Rap."
Career As A Drug Dealer
One of the common themes in Eazy-E's rapping is talking about drug culture he has experienced, and his role as a one time drug dealer. Reportedly when he dropped out of school in tenth grade the rapper made enough money to get by dealing drugs, though apparently it was only pot.
Most Controversial Album, Straight Outta Compton
Released in the same year as Eazy-E's solo album, Eazy-Duz-It, N.W.A.'s most popular and controversial album is Straight Outta Compton. This album told the real and difficult truths of life in cities like Compton that weren't popularly discussed in mainstream culture at this time.
Brought To Light The Underside Of L.A.
Some of the common themes of the album Straight Outta Compton were drugs, sex, violence, and crime. These topics were softly danced around in more lyrical music at the time but the new voice of gangsta rap style music brought this lifestyle and its difficulties to light in a whole new way.
Battle With AIDS
Tragically like too many great musical artists, the lifestyle Eazy-E lead was the cause of his early death at 30 years old. The rapper was diagnosed with AIDS in July of 1994 and after a just under a year long battle Eazy-E passed away from AIDS related complications in March 1995.
Erin Was Only 4 When Eazy-E Died
Erin Wright was one of Eazy-E's seven children with six different women, he was known as a player. Eazy-E loved all of his children and in his final press statement talked about how he will always love and take care of all of them.
It Is Too Bad Eazy Never Got To See Her Grow
It is always tragic when someone dies before their time, and that is certainly the case for Eazy-E, but not just because of how his prolific career could have continued. He also missed out on seeing his amazing daughter Erin grow up into the woman she is today.
Erin's Perception Of The Movie 'Straight Outta Compton'
It would have to be a strange feeling to see a movie that features someone playing your deceased father, especially when you got so little time with him yourself. Thankfully for Erin she loved actor Jason Mitchell's portrayal of her father saying that she remembered him just like Jason portrayed him.
The Upcoming Documentary About Eazy-E
On the tails of the huge hit movie Straight Outta Compton, Erin is crowdfunding to raise money to release a documentary more specifically just about the life of her father, Eazy-E. This movie will be produced by Erin and her mother Tracy.
Erin Is A Musician In Her Own Right
Erin has recently released a buzz single of her own. The track was produced by media giant Sony Digital, a company that is known for its work with hugely successful rappers such as Future, Drake, 2 Chainz, Kanye West, and almost countless others.
Mirroring Of Her Father's Style
As a female vocalist Erin's voice is distinctly her own, but she likes to pay tribute to her father in her music. Her upcoming EP is planned to be titled 'We Want EB' as a synonymous tribute to her father's well known album 'We Want Eazy.'
What Is Coming Up For Erin
It sounds like Erin has a lot of big and exciting moves coming up in her career over the next coming year or so. Hopefully Erin and her mother are able to raise funding for this documentary on Eazy-E because a personal insight into his life would be amazing for his fans.
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Inside the Treasury Department’s Financial War on Terror
By Anmol Ghavri '18 June 14, 2015 November 28, 2015
Five hundred million dollars is a modest valuation of how much the terror group ISIS is estimated to be worth. ISIS, short for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, has captured news headlines and shocked the world by seizing vast swaths of territory and committing acts of cruelty against people of many nationalities, ethnicities and faiths.
ISIS requires steady funding to control and expand the territory it has claimed. For this reason, a fight against ISIS should involve not only military action and humanitarian aid, but also an understanding of how ISIS brings in revenue.
ISIS has become the top-financed terror organization in the world through oil piracy, bank robberies, hostage taking, human trafficking, antiquity pawning and extortion. Various estimates claim ISIS is worth between five hundred million to two billion dollars – more than Al-Qaeda and the Taliban combined. The Taliban and Al-Qaeda have existed since the 1980’s while ISIS has only come onto the world stage in the past few years.
www.naij.com/321973-the-list-of-the-richest-terrorist-organisations.html
Currently, the United States Treasury Department appears to be leading the financial war on ISIS. David Cohen is the undersecretary for terrorism and financial intelligence at the United States Treasury Department. In late 2014 he spoke at the Carnegie Endowment for international peace, giving broad encompassing remarks entitled “Attacking ISIL’s Financial Foundation.” Cohen spoke of pursuing financial policies in conjunction with military action and humanitarian aid to undermine the Islamic State’s expansion.
The Treasury Department is working to degrade the financial strength of ISIS through three mutually supportive elements. The first is disrupting their revenue streams in order to deny them money in the first place. The second element is limiting what ISIS can do with their money by creating methods to bar them from participating in the economy. Lastly, the Treasury Department will impose “sanctions on ISIL’s senior leadership and financial facilitators to disrupt their ability to operate.”
In his speech, Cohen stated that ISIS earns approximately one to four million dollars per day from oil smuggling alone. In addition to oil smuggling, kidnappings and ransom payments have brought in at least $20 million in 2014 according to the Treasury.
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2014-09-16/us-targets-islamic-states-lucrative-oil-smuggling-operations
ISIS utilizes existing infrastructure in its claimed territory and supplies oil to black market networks, undercutting prices and selling in Turkey and Syria through middlemen. By using financial sanctions, the United States wants to target all those who trade stolen oil originating in ISIS controlled territory. The Treasury Department is working to identify those “middlemen” that deal with ISIS pirated oil in order to isolate them from the US financial system and freeze their assets.
Furthermore, the United States is working with the Turkish government and historically pro-American Kurds and their provisional government in Iraqi Kurdistan to prevent oil originating in ISIS controlled territory from crossing their borders.
Cohen also stated that the Treasury department will work to make it impossible for ISIS to find a bank that will touch their money or process their transactions. The implications for financial institutions are wide ranging. Given the global influence and importance of the U.S. financial system, it is in the best interest of financial institutions and corporations that operate in the region to cooperate. According to Cohen, the Bank Secrecy act reports filed with the Treasury Department by financial institutions provide intelligence agencies and the United States government “valuable insight into financial activity in areas where ISIL operates.”
ISIS does not just rely on stolen oil to make money. Cohen claims that they raise several million dollars per month through a sophisticated extortion racket. In Iraq and Syria, ISIS “extracts payments from those who pass through, conduct business in or simply seek to live in the territory where it operates.” It is much harder for the Treasury Department to combat extortion.
Moreover, the Treasury Department is not equipped to fight human trafficking or antiquity pawning. According to National Geographic, ISIS has been looting and selling artifacts of ancient civilizations with ruins located in Syria and Iraq. The loss of these historic artifacts cannot be valued, and the artifacts will never be replaced. ISIS is laying waste to thousands of years of civilization and profiting from it.
The Treasury Department also plans on working in conjunction with U.S. Intelligence agencies to make it nearly impossible for ISIS to store or move large sums of money acquired from the trafficking of women and children, but they cannot prevent the trafficking itself.
There is no single solution that will lead to defeating ISIS. Developing a wide encompassing and effective financial strategy to combat the expansion and accumulation of wealth by ISIS in the region could be one piece in a larger strategy that includes military action and humanitarian assistance. Both the public and private sector will have to cooperate.
The Treasury Department’s financial war on terror is a high stakes operation. The policies that the United States does implement and their effectiveness will have consequences not only on how ISIS makes its millions, but on people living throughout the Middle East who have had their lives devastated by years of war and instability.
ISISnational securityWar on Terror
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Inside General Sports Entertainment
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Debates at Dartmouth
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Junior Brown plays it just right
Johnny D's, Somerville, Mass., Aug. 16, 2001
SOMERVILLE, MA - Take a look at Junior Brown, and the guy with the droopy eyelids looks like the average guy next door.
But when he straps on his guitar contraption, doffs his white hat and steps to the mic singing about "Cagey Bea" (as in KGB, the defunct Russian secret service), "Hillbilly Hula Gal" and the "Highway Patrol," he is anything but Joe Average as once again exemplified by his latest foray into Boston.
Brown first and foremost proved time and again what a superb guitarist he is throughout the 95-minute show before a packed crowd. Brown devised a contraption known as a guit-steel, which has one arm on which he plays guitar and a second for playing steel.
Brown easily alternates between the two, giving just the right sound when needed. His playing is utterly clean with lots of very sharp playing. Brown can play it fast or slow, hitting all sorts of notes (at one point, the notes sounded like they were coming from the high end of the piano) and making all kinds of sounds that the guitar aficionados out there would drool over.
His medley of songs of yesteryear like "Secret Agent Man," "The Good, The Bad and the Ugly" and "Walk Don't Run" all pointed to his guitar heroics.
Not all is so serious either in music or song. He inserted parts of the theme from "ET" during the instrumental part of the set. Even that showed his prowess though.
As for the songs, the guy knows just how to turn a phrase. "Cagey Bea," off his brand new "Mixed Bag" CD (it's not a mixed bag musically. What it means is that he has stretched out a bit doing some out and out blues and adding a horn section on at least one song) is, in fact, about a female Russian agent. He also sang about being saved by a gorgeous female lifeguard. Loopy, but they bring a smile to the face.
In some ways, Brown really writes and thinks like your average Joe. He has long sung about the working class folks, adding spice to their lives.
Perhaps the one criticism of Brown is that there is no particular build to the set as he goes from song to song. And while the quality remains high, there is not a great deal of difference in seeing Junior again and again in concert.
But despite that, there is a lot to be said for a guy with those big lids who knows how to turn a phrase and make a guitar sing.
Local band The Stumbleweeds opened with a pleasing set. The quartet (usually it's a quintet, the regular guitarist was on vacation) worked particularly well when Red Soares (aka Chris Debarge) handled lead vocals and did duets with main lead singer Lynnette Lenker.
The band, which recently released their first album, plays a mixture of old style country and rockabilly-tinged songs to good effect.
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The Jesuit Who Humiliated the Generals
The story never told before of the clandestine network with which the young Bergoglio saved dozens of "subversives" from the ferocity of the Argentine dictators
ROME, September 27, 2013 – In his interview with “La Civiltà Cattolica" that has gone all around the world, Pope Francis describes the Church as “a field hospital after battle,” where the very first thing to do is “heal wounds.”
But what changes when the battle is fully underway?
In his Argentina, between 1976 and 1983, Jorge Mario Bergoglio lived through the 'years of lead' of the military dictatorship. Kidnappings, torture, massacres, 30,000 disappeared, 500 mothers killed after giving birth in prison to children who were taken away from them.
What the young provincial of the Argentine Jesuits at the time did during those years long remained a mystery. So dense as to prompt the suspicion that he had passively witnessed the horror, or worse, had exposed to greater danger some of his confrères, those most committed among the resistance.
Last spring, immediately after his election as pope, these accusations were issued again.
They were also immediately contradicted by authoritative voices, albeit highly critical of the overall role of the Argentine Church in those years: the mothers of Plaza de Mayo, Nobel peace laureate Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Amnesty International. The Argentine magistracy itself had exonerated Bergoglio of all accusations, after having subjected him to questioning in a proceeding between 2010 and 2011.
But if at this point it was established that the current pope had done nothing worthy of condemnation, it was still unknown what good he might have done during those terrible years, to “heal wounds.”
Unknown until yesterday. Because to lift the veil from this hidden face of the past of Pope Francis for the first time a book has now been published by EMI, small in its dimensions but explosive in its content. It will be in Italian bookstores as of October 3, and then gradually in eight other countries of the world where translations are already underway. “Bergoglio's List" is its title. And one thinks immediately of “Schindler's list” immortalized by the film of Steven Spielberg. Because the substance is the same, as the subtitle of the book says: “Those saved by Francis during the dictatorship. The story never told.”
There is in the final part of the book the complete transcription of the questioning to which the then-archbishop of Buenos Aires was subjected on November 8, 2010.
In front of three judges, Bergoglio was hammered for three hours and forty-five minutes with insidious questions, above all by the attorney Luis Zamora, the lawyer for the victims. A key passage of the questioning comes when Bergoglio is asked to justify his meetings with the generals Jorge Videla and Emilio Massera, in 1977.
Two priests very close to him, Frs. Franz Jalics and Orlando Yorio, had been abducted and confined in a secret location. The first had been for two years his spiritual director, and the second his professor of theology, before they dedicated themselves to working with the poor of the "villas miseria" of Buenos Aires, which had made them a target of the repression. When they were captured, the then-provincial of the Jesuits found out where they were being kept. He learned that they were at the infamous Escuela Superior de Medicina of the naval officers, from which few came out alive.
To ask for their liberation, Bergoglio wanted to meet above all with General Videla, who at the time was the first in command of the junta. And he was able to do so twice, the second time convincing the priest who said Mass at the home of the general to pretend to be sick so that he could replace him. From his conversation with the general he received definitive confirmation that the two Jesuits were in the prisons of the navy.
So there was nothing else to do than to go to Admiral Massera, an irascible and vindictive personage. Again there were two meetings. The second was very brief. "I told him: Look, Massera, I want them back alive. I got up and left,” Bergoglio stated during the questioning of 2010.
The following night fathers Jalics and Yorio were drugged, loaded onto a helicopter, and unloaded in the middle of a swamp.
But the two priests, during six months of imprisonment and torture, had been made to believe that they had been informed on by their father provincial. And in a file of the secret service someone wrote: "In spite of the good will of father Bergoglio, the Society of Jesus in Argentina has not cleaned itself up," insinuating complicity with the repression.
"A dirty trick" was the dismissive comment on this insinuation from the prosecutor of the 1985 trial that sentenced to life in prison both Videla and Massera.
As for Frs. Yorio and Jalics, the former died in the middle of the 1990's, while the latter acknowledged the falsity of the accusations against his superior, with whom he was publicly reconciled.
The provincial of the Jesuits at the time had succeeded in giving the generals the idea that he had taken refuge at his Colegio Máximo of San Miguel, waiting for better days. But what the book reveals for the first time is a great deal more.
Nello Scavo, a legal affairs reporter for "Avvenire" and the author of the investigation, discovered by tracking down numerous escapees and putting their testimonies together like a puzzle that Bergoglio had silently stitched together a clandestine network that succeeded in saving many dozens if not hundreds of persons in danger of their lives.
While General Videla was hatching his bloody plans from the great halls of the Casa Rosada, a few steps away, down the alley that leads to the quarter of Monserrat, there was the church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, with an adjoining Jesuit residence and school. And there the provincial of the Jesuits met with the targets of persecution for their last instructions before they clandestinely boarded boats that were carrying fruit and merchandise from Buenos Aires to Montevideo, in Uruguay, an hour away by water. The military officers could never have imagined that this priest would defy them from so nearby.
The success of every operation was tied to the secrecy that held even among those who conducted them or benefited from them. The persons who entered the network of protection organized by Bergoglio did not know about the others who were in the same condition as themselves.
At the college of San Miguel there arrived and departed, apparently in order to study or for a spiritual retreat or the discernment of a vocation, men and women who in reality were wanted as “subversives.” To get them to safety the destination was often Brazil, where there was an analogous network of protection organized by the local Jesuits.
But Bergoglio was the only one who held all the strings. The elderly Jesuit Juan Manuel Scannone, who is today the most important theologian of Argentina and the one most esteemed by the current pope, was also at San Miguel at the time. But he didn't have a clue. Only after many years did he and others begin to confide in each other and understand. "If one of us had known and had been abducted and subjected to torture, the whole network of protection would have fallen apart. Father Bergoglio was aware of this risk, and for this reason he kept everything secret. A secret that he maintained even afterward, because he never wanted to boast about that exceptional mission of his.”
The "list" of Bergoglio is a collection of highly diverse personal stories, which make for exhilarating reading, whose common characteristic is that the people in them were saved by him.
There is Alicia Oliveira, the first woman to become a judge in the criminal courts in Argentina and also the first to be dismissed after the military coup, non-Catholic and not even baptized, who went underground and was taken by Bergoglio, in the trunk of his car, to the college of San Miguel, to see her three children.
There are the three seminarians of the bishop of La Rioja, Enrique Angelelli, who was killed in 1976 by members of the military in a staged auto accident, after he had discovered who was truly responsible for numerous assassinations.
There is Alfredo Somoza, the scholar saved without his knowledge.
There are Sergio and Ana Gobulin, who worked in the slums and were married by Father Bergoglio, he arrested and she wanted, both saved and expatriated with the help of the Italian vice-consul in Argentina at the time, Enrico Calamai, another hero of the story.
As pope, but first as a man, Francis does not cease to amaze.
The book, on sale as of October 3:
Nello Scavo, "La lista di Bergoglio. I salvati da Francesco durante la dittatura," preface by Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Editrice Missionaria Italiana, Bologna, 2013, pp. 192, euro 11.90.
This article was published in "L'Espresso" no. 39 of 2013, on newsstands as of September 27:
> L'Espresso
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Twenty-Five Years in the Community of Sant'Egidio: A Memoir
For the first time, an important former member of the community speaks out, describing its lesser-known aspects - and asking the diocesan tribunal of Rome for judgment
ROMA - Sant'Egidio's most recent international recognition came from "Time" magazine. In its April 28 edition, the prestigious American newsmagazine included the community's founder, Andrea Riccardi, among the year's 36 "European Heroes."
Peace, the poor, and the Gospel: these are the three elements that characterize the community, according to the profile published by "Time." It's a profile that appears in twenty languages on the community's website:
> The Community of Sant'Egidio
But this is only the universally recognized, public image of the community of Sant'Egidio.
The community also has a face that is less well-known. An investigation made by "L'espresso" in 1998 revealed some of its features, and unleashed an earthquake. Vatican officials demanded explanations from the leaders of Sant'Egidio. The Vatican then imposed three changes upon the community, in particular regarding the sacraments of the Eucharist, confession, and matrimony.
Now a man who belonged to Sant'Egidio for more than 25 years, until Christmas of 2000, is lifting even more of the veil that covers the community's inner life. He is G. F., 47, a professor in Rome. In 1987 he married a woman belonging to the community, from whom he later separated, and this year he presented to the diocesan tribunal in Rome a request for the recognition of nullity of marriage. His reason for the declaration of nullity is "coercion." And he included a memoir with the request; the essential passages of this memoir are shown below.
This memoir is not simply the first public criticism that a former member has ever made against the community. It is also part of a legal action. The author intends to demonstrate that the coercion that made his marriage invalid is part of a more general authoritarian system that governs the entire community of Sant'Egidio.
Here is the text, accompanied by section headings:
The Life of Sant'Egidio
by G. F.
[...] Both of G.'s parents were annoyed to see that their daughter, after beginning to frequent the community of Sant'Egidio, was often gone, did not come home for lunch or dinner, and didn't even spend Christmas with the family. They had many discussions until she, with the support of the community, left home and stayed with one friend in the community, then with another. She didn't tell her parents where she was living, and rarely called them. Her mother pleaded with her, but she said she was proud to have left her family to dedicate herself body and soul to the service of the community. [É]
G.'s is only one of many stories of members of the community of Sant'Egidio whose families have been torn by discord, enmity, and division. As support for breaking the ties among blood relatives, the tenth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew is cited: "I have come to separate a father from his son, a daughter from her mother, a daughter-in-law from her mother-in-law; and a man's enemies shall be those of his own household."
For every member of Sant'Egidio, in fact, the real mother is the community. All think of each other as brothers and sisters. But among these there are elder siblings and younger siblings. The elder brothers and sisters are the ones who have been in the community longer, and especially those that have more authority in their respective groups, insofar as they enjoy the esteem of the leaders. Everyone has a brother or sister to whom he goes for advice, opens up, confesses his sins, reveals the most intimate secrets of his life: a sort of spiritual father or mother. [...]
The words of the founder of the community, Andrea Riccardi, give it its character. Every sermon or speech of the founder is recorded on videotape and sent to the various communities scattered throughout Italy and the world. The cassettes are collected in a video library and are carefully cataloged.
These speeches are used as material for the homilies that the priests give at their parish masses, or that the local leaders give during evening prayer. When the various groups that make up the community get together, they read again and apply the words of the founder. In the light of these words, everyone confesses before the group whatever he thinks is confused or mistaken in his life, convinced that the sin he has confessed will be forgiven. Speaking out like this in the assembly is to him as good as a sacramental confession: if his gesture is accepted by the leaders, he feels at peace in his conscience, reconciled with God and the world, but especially with the community. A public prayer during the Sunday mass sets the seal on his repentance and desire for redemption. The closest friends of the reconciled person show their closeness to him with gestures of affection.
All of these procedures are used in the communities both within and outside of Italy. One or two of the assemblies in Rome are transmitted each year by satellite to a dozen countries where there are small communities. [...]
OBEDIENCE AND OTHER VIRTUES
In the founder's speeches, the virtues most frequently recommended include humility, obedience, openness, faithfulness and generosity.
Everyone is called to give an account of his observance of these virtues. Humility to the point of considering oneself always a child of the community, children needing the care of a mother, never independent and proud adults, because every action and word is for the good of each and of all. Obedience to the community and those who represent it at its highest levels, because it is obedience to the Gospel, to God and those who speak in his name and proclaim him; that is, to the leaders and the elder siblings. Openness and readiness, at every moment, to respond to the needs of the community, without the hesitation that is a symptom of lack of faith. Faithfulness in service, to the schedule of liturgies and meetings. Generosity in giving time, resources, and money, and in welcoming others in one's life and home.
THE SACRAMENT OF CONFESSION
In this atmosphere of respect and veneration for the leaders, those who become spiritual fathers become the bearers of a sacred and incontrovertible authority, an extension of the founder's own authority. [...] Vincenzo Paglia, the community's spiritual assistant who became a bishop in 2000, did a great deal to reinforce the role of the elder brother. Before absolving anyone who confessed to him, he asked two things: the first was to recite a formal prayer during mass; the second was to confide the things he had said in confession to the elder brother responsible for his life. But in practical terms, within the community, the conversation with the brother is not added to confession, it simply replaces it. It is known that sacramental confession is rarely practiced within the community of Sant'Egidio.
SAINT AND PROPHET
One reveals everything about one's life to the spiritual father, but he says almost nothing about his. [...] A few years ago, a book-length interview with founder Andrea Riccardi was published, and everybody bought it; the book revealed previously unknown aspects of his childhood and adolescence. Even after spending thirty years together, most members of the community knew almost nothing about his life.
On another occasion, some selections from discourses and thoughts the founder had written down between the ages of 18 and 20 were passed around. In these writings, he was seeking to discover the seed of the future community. And the unveiling of the far-sightedness of this young man made many call him a "saint" and a "prophet."
I myself, in over 25 years of life in the community, had four spiritual fathers or mothers. I told them everything about my life - my past, my thoughts, dreams, fears, hopes, and loves. I never knew much about them. [...] One of my spiritual fathers, Fabrizio Nurra, thought he would even direct my university studies. Because of commitments to the community I had slackened in my studies, and this happened to many of us; he therefore told me to leave the faculty of medicine in which I was enrolled and instead join the biology faculty, as he himself had done.
There were others like me who were obliged to change their field of study. Two of my friends had just signed up for political science, but that day they met their guide, who forced them to revoke that enrollment and matriculate in the faculty of literature. Others were induced to undertake studies in social work even though they were inclined to pursue technical professions, for which they had diplomas. Still others left the university to take nursing or physical therapy courses. Members of the community would frequently quit their jobs and take up professions that occupied only part of the day, because the rest of their time had to be dedicated to community activities. One prominent spokesman, Mario Marazziti, described the community as a group of men and women who renounce their careers out of faithfulness to the Gospel and to serve the poor....
It must be emphasized that our elder brothers and sisters refer everything about everyone to a coordinator, even the most intimate things, and together with him decide the course to take in each person's decisions, including those regarding marriage. Once I told my spiritual father that I had fallen in love with a girl of eighteen. He told me she was too young for me, and that it would be better for me to date another woman (she was twenty-three), who had revealed that she was interested in me to her spiritual mother. I didn't like her, and I rejected the proposal - but I also had to renounce the girl with whom I was in love.
Then I met the woman who would become my wife: we were part of the same group and worked in the same ministry. She invited me to dinner and let me know she was interested in me. I later found out that she had spoken about me with our spiritual mother, Valeria Martano, who encouraged her to take the initiative. So for a while I tried going out with her, but I quickly left her because I didn't like her. My refusal brought a backlash against me from our spiritual mother - she scolded me for having deceived that sister and for having left her before asking for her consent first. The matter also had repercussions in the community: I was rebuked in the assembly; they criticized everything I did in my work helping the elderly; my friends avoided me. I had to reconsider things and follow the advice of the one who "loves you more than your mother does." Soon after I was engaged to the woman who had been chosen for me.
During a conference in 1984, many members of the community spoke out openly about arranged engagements. Becoming engaged to the partner chosen by one's spiritual father or mother was a common practice. Some spoke of having obeyed fraternal advice or a friendly suggestion, others of having asked for a kind of approval for their relationship.
Those who criticized the practice had to retract what they had said and publicly apologize for it. The priests of the community were hastily summoned, and the guilty parties were invited to confess immediately. Some left the community immediately after that conference. [...]
The most observant plan with their spiritual father whether or not to have children, whether to have a child immediately or after a few years. One of my friends was saddened to the point of tears when his wife, after he told her that he wanted a child, replied that he would first need to consult his spiritual mother. [...]
Some of the couples within the community decide themselves not to have children, but frequently it is the spiritual parents who do not want them to have children, and they use their influence on the couples. In the face of the confusion of people outside the community, the usual responses are: "We'll have one in a few years," or "It just hasn't happened yet." Some have adopted children. [...]
Returning to my girlfriend: she quickly became pregnant [...] and in a little over two months we were married. In this brief period, I had to meet with all of my spiritual parents, old and new, and undergo their criticisms, accept their accusations of immaturity, thoughtlessness, and male chauvinism. [...]
None of the members of the community asked us if we wanted to get married or if we were happy doing so. At this "shotgun wedding," three of the four witnesses were our spiritual fathers and mothers, but many of the founding members were absent. The priest who married us is the present rector of the Urbaniana University, Bishop Ambrogio Spreafico. He neither prepared us for the sacrament nor heard our confession - and it had been years since we had been to confession; I personally had not been for at least four years. [...]
I cannot remember a more embarrassing day in my entire life than that one: I was about to marry a woman I did not love; I was ashamed to present her to my family; I felt the judgment of the community weighing upon me; I was waiting for I child I hadn't wanted; my future was uncertain, and I was afraid.
The most important person in the community whom I had invited, Alessandro Zuccari, did not come, and that was a clear rebuke in the eyes of all. After the ceremony, my spiritual mother at the time, Marilena Piazzoni, one of the witnesses, refused to participate in the banquet, to the chagrin of the other guests, because she insisted I hadn't specifically invited her to the wedding luncheon. [...]
The days that followed did nothing to ease my sense of guilt. There was no honeymoon. I don't remember that any member of the community ever went on a honeymoon. After one is married, one usually goes on missions for the community or does some other service. Our marriage problems sprang up immediately: incomprehension, incompatibility of character, divergence of interests, cultural differences, disagreements about affection and sex. [...]
In September we had a daughter, to whom we gave a name that we had selected with our elder brothers, and the problems multiplied. [É] Nevertheless, the community immediately asked us to begin hosting other brothers or sisters at home. First, one brother stayed with us for two or three months, then two sisters were with us for six or seven months, then a pregnant woman separated from her husband and with a six-year-old son stayed for four years, and finally another brother stayed with us for an entire year. Adding it all up, during the six years of our marriage we were alone for less than six months. [...]
THOSE WHO LEAVE
Until a few years ago, those who left the community were severely rebuked. At first the community tried to bring the person back to the right way, but then he was exiled - "Let him be to you as a pagan or a tax collector" (Mt. 18: 17) - with everything that abandonment implies for someone who has constructed an entire life inside the community and suddenly finds himself alone: awkwardness, suffering, depression, and even suicide in some cases.
"FRIENDS"
Apart from that, the stories being told by those who left were discrediting the community. So some years ago the community decided to change tactics. A sort of parallel community called the "friends" was created, into which the dissidents were channeled, keeping them close in a certain way. This small group participates in some of the community's meetings, but not in any binding way, and without being able to attend the events reserved to the formal members. [...]
THE RECRUITS
In order to gain new members, during the 70's and 80's the community worked mostly within the high schools and the working-class neighborhoods, using assemblies and photo exhibits on their social activities for children and the elderly, at the end of which they issued an invitation to come to a party. [...] The party was carefully prepared; it had to be very interactive and make room for everyone's spontaneity. Those who were impressed by this warm welcome returned to the following meetings, which were not parties but moments of service and prayer, which little by little bound the newcomer to the life of the community. [...]
But beginning in the 90's, this method bore less and less fruit, and has been all but abandoned. Today the community reaches out to ever younger children, from 11 to 14 years old, who meet under the emblem of the "Rainbow-Land." For its recruitment of adults, the community is trying to make inroads in the working-class neighborhoods, with small groups of 4-8 persons called "Schools of the Gospel," which meet a pair of times a month under the leadership of a member of the community. The more faithful participants in these meetings receive invitations to greater involvement. [...]
NOTES, NEWS, LINKS
(s.m.) Criticisms of the community of Sant'Egidio were made during the 70's and 80's, even by authoritative churchmen such as Bishop Clemente Riva, the auxiliary bishop for the diocese of Rome, and Luigi di Liegro, the director of the Catholic aid agency Caritas.
But the Italian and international press gave almost no coverage to these criticisms. The most recent and complete (and until now the only) "unauthorized" report on the history and structure of the community of Sant'Egidio is the one that appeared in "L'espresso" on April 9, 1998:
> The Story of Sant'Egidio. The Great Bluff (9.4.1998)
This report was accompanied by a scorecard of Sant'Egidio's mixed success with peacemaking initiatives in various war-torn areas of the world:
> Sant'Egidio "Ad Extra": Disaster in Algeria (9.4.1998)
Thanks to its "freelance" diplomacy, which it carries out to this day, Sant'Egidio has gained for itself the nickname "The U.N. of Trastevere" (from the name of the neighborhood in Rome where its headquarters are). But it has also met with the opposition of the Vatican secretariat of state. In May of 1998, at the Mass for the community's thirtieth anniversary, the Cardinal Secretary of State, Angelo Sodano, gave a homily that was interpreted by many as being very critical of the community. Even now relations between Sodano and Sant'Egidio are cold.
Another aspect that has undergone criticism is that of marriage. The community celebrates it without solemnity, as if it were a mere expedient compared with the choice of celibacy, a "remedy for concupiscence." The leaders often cite St. Paul: "It is better to marry than to burn with desire." Separation and divorce are common.
Many of the couples have not wanted to have children. The leaders told the journalist from "L'espresso" on several occasions, when asked about this: "In the face of so many abandoned people and children, physical parenthood is not the only kind that exists. Our children are the poor." When children are adopted or taken into foster care, a "pool" of the members takes care of them, more than any particular couple.
As for their manner of celebrating the Mass, after "L'espresso" described it, the Vatican intervened and mandated the observance of the liturgical norms. The result is that, since a few years ago, the community celebrates the Mass with its doors open; the homily is given by priests and not by founder Andrea Riccardi or other laymen, and the final procession of the leaders in hierarchical order no longer takes place.
But some of the things that have been abolished in public persist behind closed doors. After the Mass, the community meets in one of its rooms, listens again to the proclamation of the Gospel, and Andrea Riccardi or one of his spokesman gives the "real" homily, after which there are the prayers of the faithful just for the community.
As for the number of adherents, the latest official figures of the community of Sant'Egidio show 40,000 members in almost 60 countries, on all of the inhabited continents.
But the regular members are fewer by far. The mother community in Rome, which is also the largest, does not count even 500 members, tallied this way: 120 in the historic nucleus of Sant'Egidio, 150 in the Pentecost group, 120 in the Resurrection group, and 90 in the St. Andrew group. The first two groups meet in the basilica of St. Mary in Trastevere, the third in the Pilgrims' Church of the Holy Trinity, the fourth in the church of St. Bartholomew on the Island. To these regular members may be added the approximately 100 kids of "Rainbow-Land" and the approximately 400 adults in the "School of the Gospel."
The internal hierarchy and the areas of responsibility have changed little from how they were described in the 1998 report in "L'espresso." New developments include the promotion of Fr. Vincenzo Paglia to Bishop of Terni, Narni, and Amelia, and the appointment of Fr. Matteo Zuppi to the parish of St. Mary in Trastevere.
But the defections have continued, including those of important members. The following members of the historic nucleus of Sant'Egidio have decisively left it within the past few years:
- Andrea Bartoli, Andrea Riccardi's chief antagonist during the internal confrontation of the leadership group in 1992;
- Agostino Giovagnoli, full professor of modern history at the Catholic University of Milan, and until the early 90's the only real alternative leader to Riccardi;
- Serenella Chiappini, a member of the restricted group of foundresses and the second-in-command among the women, wife of Alberto Quattrucci, the organizer of the annual interreligious meetings;
- Roberto Bonini, former director of activity in Central America;
- Paola Piscitelli, Bartoli's girlfriend.
But none of these has broken off relations with the community. They now belong to the group called "Friends," which G. F. describes in his memoir. And they are completely silent about what made them leave.
In the Vatican, apart from the opposition of Sodano, the leaders of Sant'Egidio have the full support of the John Paul II's influential secretary, Archbishop Stanislaw Dziwisz; they boast the friendship of cardinals Achille Silvestrini and Roger Etchegaray, and are cultivating a burgeoning relationship with Crescenzio Cardinal Sepe, the prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (also the proprietor of the Pontifical Urbanian University, the rector of which is a priest of Sant'Egidio, Fr. Ambrogio Spreafico).
Moreover, this year the leaders invited Giovanni Battista Cardinal Re (one of their harshest critics, and the one who called them to order in 1998 after the investigation published in "L'espresso") to celebrate Mass for the thirtieth anniversary of the community in the basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls. Re and Sepe are both in the running to replace Sodano.
In view of the future conclave, Sant'Egidio is seeking to create coalitions with the various papabili, beginning with Dionigi Cardinal Tettamanzi, the frontrunner among the Italian cardinals. In exchange, it offers its proven abilities to build relationships and to orchestrate consensus.
In a completely different field, that of publishing, a current objective of Sant'Egidio is to have one of its men, Roberto Zuccolini, a journalist for "Corriere della Sera," succeed Luigi Accattoli (who is close to retirement) as the Vatican reporter for the leading Italian newspaper.
More from this website on Sant'Egidio:
> Cattolici e natalità. Crescete e moltiplicatevi (26.4.1996)
> Sant'Egidio 4 mesi dopo. La confraternita dei disciplinati (13.8.1998)
> Enigma Sant'Egidio. Era guerra e la chiamavano pace (7.11.2001)
> Arabi, ebrei e cardinali. Incidenti di dialogo (22.3.2002)
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May 18 Newsletter
“Last one before GDPR” Special. If you don’t know what GDPR is by now, it’s probably too late to worry. The knock-on effect is that Newsletters may be even more erratic than usual as we try to figure out whether we’ve broken the rules (again).
Wednesday 27th June- the summer event
Visit to the Hillside Brewery (on the top of May Hill) for a tour + barbeque. We really like Paul, the guy in charge, so we’re going regardless (even though it’s further than usual from Hereford). You’re welcome to join us. Details/invites to follow in due course. Cost probably £20 per person.
Friday 7th September – the Golf Day
I’m really excited: I might not have to go.
I’m also working on getting my lad (Jack) to give a presentation on how to handle Millennials, as usual sometime in late September/early October. Might need to get him to change his surname as a precaution. I’m considering turning this into a panel event, which will make it much more exciting.
“Why We Sleep: The New Science of Sleep and Dreams” by Matthew Walker
The gist of it is that absolutely everything (mind and body) falls apart if you don’t get 8 hours a night as a matter of routine. Even relatively modest shortfalls cause significant under-performance. In pre-industrial times, people tended to sleep from 9pm till 4am (particularly in the summer) and then have another hour between 1pm and 2pm. This obviously suits the BD team who seem to sleep for most of the afternoon, at least judging by their output. The book is full of stats and stories to back up the importance of sleep. The one I liked best was the Greek island of Ilkaria. Up until the last 30 years or so, folk on the island still had a siesta and routinely lived into their late 80s, with heart disease and dementia almost unknown. Commercial pressures forced the islanders to move into an always open culture and the full gamut of 21st Century health issues subsequently developed. As a responsible employer, what can you do? Bonuses for people who get enough sleep, based on evidence from wearable tech? It’s all a bit Big Brotherish.
Pinko wealth tax
I picked up an article in the press about the possibility of an incoming Labour Govt inventing a windfall wealth tax to pay for popular services, rather like they have in France & Norway. A wonderful idea if you don’t have to pay it. I was so astonished by the concept that I put a longer article on the blog.
Snowflake bashing
There’s a lovely video on the web of a tech boss interviewing a Millennial and getting nowhere:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uo0KjdDJr1c
Arguably, this is more of an instructional feature than a joke and I’m certainly going to use the line “I’m not feeling a good fit here” whenever I want to fire somebody. It’s a bit softer than my current “I think you need a more structured environment”, but it gets to the same place.
On a similar point, there’s an excellent podcast with Mike Pegg on
http://storiesofsuccess.libsyn.com/stories-of-success-with-mike-pegg-the-positive-encourager
It’s quite a long podcast, but really gets to grips with (amongst lots of other concepts) the sweet spot where brutal reality meets positivity. As the Sage would say, “Take the best and leave the rest”.
Brexit progress & MTD
The major achievement of the Brexit shambles is that Govt has been so busy fighting with this that it’s found very little time and energy to tinker with the tax system. But, don’t be fooled: the professional terminators in the Treasury/HMRC are still pushing the MTD agenda. MTD for VAT starts this time next year and the full MTD (for corporate and personal tax) rolls out over the following 2 years. Allegedly, HMRC are rubbing their hands with glee at the prospect of all that data heading in their direction, but I still can’t see what they are actually going to do with it in the short run. But we’re all going to be very busy indeed making sure they get what they want.
And we’ve tried our best with Brexit by copying somebody else’s planning checklist. It will eventually appear on the website, but I can send you one if you ask.
Carillion NEDs
Becoming a Non-Executive Director of a larger business is seen as a good way of extending a career into retirement without working very hard/long, but still getting well paid. A DIY pension, as it were.
With the collapse of Carillion, the hunt for scapegoats appears to have focussed on NEDs (rather than the real culprits?) and various quangos have decided to review their corporate governance rules.
Defence & Security Expo
Our very own version of the Chuckle Brothers, Martyn & Phil, have taken a stand at Harrison Clark’s Defence & Security Expo at the Three Counties Showground on 31st May.
[Whilst neither of them was in the military, Phil was in the Boy Scouts. Phil claims to be highly decorated, but rumour has it that the pinnacle of his scouting career was integrating the Girl Guides into the Scouts. {I wanted to say something considerably earthier, but we’ve had an attack of political correctness and I’ve been censored.} Anyway, he’s more of a Lover then a Fighter? Whereas, I was good with knots.]
The purpose of the Expo is to promote Herefordshire's Golden Triangle. Allegedly, 90% of defence and security innovation has its home in the Three Counties. Is this our most successful export? Look out for our guys if you go: they may be in camouflage. Or cloaking devices.
website link? www.3CDSE.co.uk
The Abracadabra Effect
For those who missed it, the last BD event was really quite useful. The speaker was Nicola Whiting who turns out to be a senior figure in cyber security and indeed runs a very successful tech business from the wilds of Worcestershire. She actually talked about the Chimp Paradox and its relevance to pricing and website design. Follow up reading:
The Chimp Paradox by Steve Peters
Methods of Persuasion by Nick Kolenda
Predictably Irrational by Dan Ariely
More intriguingly, I also asked her about how to deal with Millennials in general with specific reference to retention. So, she gave me an (extensive) answer and told me to read “Attraction” by Gino Wickman. I’ll tell you what it says next time.
New website??
Like the Boyscout’s video, its late and over budget. As a precautionary measure, we’ve thrown stuff onto the blog:
The Whiplash “Tax Changes/Tax Tips” memo. Dry, but useful
Our GDPR statement. Read it and sleep. This may not be quite in the spirit of the rules, but who cares?
The impending carnage of MTD for VAT wef 1.4.19
I saved it till last: Rachael has had her baby – it’s a boy. Less than 12 months to wait till she’s back.
Anything you want is on the other side of fear.
Is that a Brexit strategy?
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Also see definition of "Glorious" in Word Study
Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Table of Contents ISBE: GLORIOUS
Glede | Glistering | Glitter | Glorify | Glorifying God | Glorious | Glory | Glossolalia | Glowing, Sand | Glutton | Gluttony
GLORIOUS [ISBE]
GLORIOUS - glo'-ri-us: The adjective "glorious" is used in the majority of cases as the translation of one of the nouns which are fully discussed in the article GLORY, and the general meaning is the same, for the glorious objects or persons have the quality which is described by the word "glory," that is, they are honorable, dignified, powerful, distinguished, splendid, beautiful or radiant. It is worthy of note that in many passages in the New Testament where the King James Version has "glorious," the Revised Version (British and American) has the noun "glory." So among others in Rom 8:21, the King James Version has "glorious liberty," the Revised Version (British and American) "liberty of the glory of the sons of God." The obsolete use of the word glorious in the sense of "boastful," "vain-glorious," "eager for glory," as it is used in Wycliffe, Tyndale and Bacon, and once or twice in Shakespeare, as in Cymbeline, I, 7, in the first speech of Imogen, "Most miserable is the desire that's glorious," and in Gower's Prologue to Pericles, 1,9, "The purchase of it is to make men glorious" occurs at least once in the apocryphal books, Additions to Esther 16:4 the King James Version, "but also lifted up with the glorious words of lewd persons."
Walter R. Betteridge
TIP #25: What tip would you like to see included here? Click "To report a problem/suggestion" on the bottom of page and tell us. [ALL]
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In "She's So Lovely" with John Travolta can we watch to Sean Penn's marvelous acting. His character is really great. In "The Game" in Sean Penn Michael Douglas' brother. In that movie is Michael Douglas in a kind of game which is really dangerous.
The fully detailed list of all motion pictures featuring Sean Penn!!
Sweet and Lowdown (1999)
The Thin Red Line (1998)
Hurlyburly (1998)
Hugo Pool (1997)
She's So Lovely (1997)
Loved (1997)
U-Turn (1997)
The Crossing Guard (producer/director) (1995)
Dead Man Walking (1995)
Carlito's Way (1993)
The Last Party (doc) (1993)
The Indian Runner (director/producer) (1991)
We're No Angels (1989)
Casualties of War (1989)
Judgement in Berlin (1988)
Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam (tv) (doc) (1988)
Colors (1988)
Cool Blue (1988)
Shanghai Surprise (1986)
At Close Range (1986)
The Falcon and the Snowman (1985)
Racing with the Moon (1984)
Crackers (1984)
Bad Boys (1983)
Summerspell (1983)
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Hafnium
Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, by Coster and Hevesy, making it the last stable element to be discovered. Hafnium is named after Hafnia, the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered.[4][5]
Hafnium, 72Hf
/ˈhæfniəm/ (HAF-nee-əm)
steel gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Hf)
178.49(2)[1]
Hafnium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
Atomic number (Z)
Element category
Transition metal
Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Phase at STP
2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F)
Density (near r.t.)
13.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)
12 g/cm3
Heat of fusion
27.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization
648 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
25.73 J/(mol·K)
P (Pa)
at T (K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
−2, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity
Pauling scale: 1.3
Ionization energies
1st: 658.5 kJ/mol
2nd: 1440 kJ/mol
3rd: 2250 kJ/mol
Atomic radius
empirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius
175±10 pm
Spectral lines of hafnium
Natural occurrence
hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod
3010 m/s (at 20 °C)
5.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
23.0 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity
331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering
paramagnetic[2]
Magnetic susceptibility
+75.0·10−6 cm3/mol (at 298 K)[3]
Young's modulus
78 GPa
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
110 GPa
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
1520–2060 MPa
after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Discovery and first isolation
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Main isotopes of hafnium
Isotope
Abundance
Half-life (t1/2)
Decay mode
Product
172Hf
syn 1.87 y ε 172Lu
0.16% 2×1015 y α 170Yb
5.26% stable
18.60% stable
178m2Hf
syn 31 y IT 178Hf
syn 8.9×106 y β− 182Ta
| references
Hafnium is used in filaments and electrodes. Some semiconductor fabrication processes use its oxide for integrated circuits at 45 nm and smaller feature lengths. Some superalloys used for special applications contain hafnium in combination with niobium, titanium, or tungsten.
Hafnium's large neutron capture cross-section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors.
CharacteristicsEdit
Physical characteristicsEdit
Pieces of hafnium
Hafnium is a shiny, silvery, ductile metal that is corrosion-resistant and chemically similar to zirconium[6] (due to its having the same number of valence electrons, being in the same group, but also to relativistic effects; the expected expansion of atomic radii from period 5 to 6 is almost exactly cancelled out by the lanthanide contraction). The physical properties of hafnium metal samples are markedly affected by zirconium impurities, especially the nuclear properties, as these two elements are among the most difficult to separate because of their chemical similarity.[6]
A notable physical difference between these metals is their density, with zirconium having about one-half the density of hafnium. The most notable nuclear properties of hafnium are its high thermal neutron-capture cross-section and that the nuclei of several different hafnium isotopes readily absorb two or more neutrons apiece.[6] In contrast with this, zirconium is practically transparent to thermal neutrons, and it is commonly used for the metal components of nuclear reactors – especially the cladding of their nuclear fuel rods.
Chemical characteristicsEdit
See also: Category:Hafnium compounds.
Hafnium dioxide
Hafnium reacts in air to form a protective film that inhibits further corrosion. The metal is not readily attacked by acids but can be oxidized with halogens or it can be burnt in air. Like its sister metal zirconium, finely divided hafnium can ignite spontaneously in air. The metal is resistant to concentrated alkalis.
The chemistry of hafnium and zirconium is so similar that the two cannot be separated on the basis of differing chemical reactions. The melting points and boiling points of the compounds and the solubility in solvents are the major differences in the chemistry of these twin elements.[7]
IsotopesEdit
Main article: Isotopes of hafnium
At least 34 isotopes of hafnium have been observed, ranging in mass number from 153 to 186.[8][9] The five stable isotopes are in the range of 176 to 180. The radioactive isotopes' half-lives range from only 400 ms for 153Hf,[9] to 2.0 petayears (1015 years) for the most stable one, 174Hf.[8]
The nuclear isomer 178m2Hf was at the center of a controversy for several years regarding its potential use as a weapon.
OccurrenceEdit
Zircon crystal (2×2 cm) from Tocantins, Brazil
Hafnium is estimated to make up about 5.8 ppm of the Earth's upper crust by mass. It does not exist as a free element on Earth, but is found combined in solid solution with zirconium in natural zirconium compounds such as zircon, ZrSiO4, which usually has about 1–4% of the Zr replaced by Hf. Rarely, the Hf/Zr ratio increases during crystallization to give the isostructural mineral hafnon (Hf,Zr)SiO4, with atomic Hf > Zr.[10] An obsolete name for a variety of zircon containing unusually high Hf content is alvite.[11]
A major source of zircon (and hence hafnium) ores is heavy mineral sands ore deposits, pegmatites, particularly in Brazil and Malawi, and carbonatite intrusions, particularly the Crown Polymetallic Deposit at Mount Weld, Western Australia. A potential source of hafnium is trachyte tuffs containing rare zircon-hafnium silicates eudialyte or armstrongite, at Dubbo in New South Wales, Australia.[12]
Hafnium reserves have been infamously estimated to last under 10 years by one source if the world population increases and demand grows.[13] In reality, since hafnium occurs with zirconium, hafnium can always be a byproduct of zirconium extraction to the extent that the low demand requires.
ProductionEdit
Melted tip of a hafnium consumable electrode used in an electron beam remelting furnace, a 1 cm cube, and an oxidized hafnium electron beam-remelted ingot (left to right)
The heavy mineral sands ore deposits of the titanium ores ilmenite and rutile yield most of the mined zirconium, and therefore also most of the hafnium.[14]
Zirconium is a good nuclear fuel-rod cladding metal, with the desirable properties of a very low neutron capture cross-section and good chemical stability at high temperatures. However, because of hafnium's neutron-absorbing properties, hafnium impurities in zirconium would cause it to be far less useful for nuclear-reactor applications. Thus, a nearly complete separation of zirconium and hafnium is necessary for their use in nuclear power. The production of hafnium-free zirconium is the main source for hafnium.[6]
Hafnium oxidized ingots which exhibit thin film optical effects.
The chemical properties of hafnium and zirconium are nearly identical, which makes the two difficult to separate.[15] The methods first used — fractional crystallization of ammonium fluoride salts[16] or the fractional distillation of the chloride[17] — have not proven suitable for an industrial-scale production. After zirconium was chosen as material for nuclear reactor programs in the 1940s, a separation method had to be developed. Liquid-liquid extraction processes with a wide variety of solvents were developed and are still used for the production of hafnium.[18] About half of all hafnium metal manufactured is produced as a by-product of zirconium refinement. The end product of the separation is hafnium(IV) chloride.[19] The purified hafnium(IV) chloride is converted to the metal by reduction with magnesium or sodium, as in the Kroll process.[20]
HfCl4 + 2 Mg (1100 °C) → 2 MgCl2 + Hf
Further purification is effected by a chemical transport reaction developed by Arkel and de Boer: In a closed vessel, hafnium reacts with iodine at temperatures of 500 °C, forming hafnium(IV) iodide; at a tungsten filament of 1700 °C the reverse reaction happens, and the iodine and hafnium are set free. The hafnium forms a solid coating at the tungsten filament, and the iodine can react with additional hafnium, resulting in a steady turn over.[7][21]
Hf + 2 I2 (500 °C) → HfI4
HfI4 (1700 °C) → Hf + 2 I2
Chemical compoundsEdit
Due to the lanthanide contraction the ionic radii of hafnium(IV) (0.78 ångström) is almost the same as that of zirconium(IV) (0.79 angstroms).[22] Consequently, compounds of hafnium(IV) and zirconium(IV) have very similar chemical and physical properties.[22] Hafnium and zirconium tend to occur together in nature and the similarity of their ionic radii makes their chemical separation rather difficult. Hafnium tends to form inorganic compounds in the oxidation state of +4. Halogens react with it to form hafnium tetrahalides.[22] At higher temperatures, hafnium reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, boron, sulfur, and silicon.[22] Some compounds of hafnium in lower oxidation states are known.[23]
Hafnium(IV) chloride and hafnium(IV) iodide have some applications in the production and purification of hafnium metal. They are volatile solids with polymeric structures.[7] These tetrachlorides are precursors to various organohafnium compounds such as hafnocene dichloride and tetrabenzylhafnium.
The white hafnium oxide (HfO2), with a melting point of 2812 °C and a boiling point of roughly 5100 °C, is very similar to zirconia, but slightly more basic.[7] Hafnium carbide is the most refractory binary compound known, with a melting point over 3890 °C, and hafnium nitride is the most refractory of all known metal nitrides, with a melting point of 3310 °C.[22] This has led to proposals that hafnium or its carbides might be useful as construction materials that are subjected to very high temperatures. The mixed carbide tantalum hafnium carbide (Ta
4HfC
5) possesses the highest melting point of any currently known compound, 4215 °C.[24] Recent supercomputer simulations suggest a hafnium alloy with a melting point of 4400 K.[25]
Photographic recording of the characteristic X-ray emission lines of some elements
In his report on The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements, in 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev had implicitly predicted the existence of a heavier analog of titanium and zirconium. At the time of his formulation in 1871, Mendeleev believed that the elements were ordered by their atomic masses and placed lanthanum (element 57) in the spot below zirconium. The exact placement of the elements and the location of missing elements was done by determining the specific weight of the elements and comparing the chemical and physical properties.[26]
The X-ray spectroscopy done by Henry Moseley in 1914 showed a direct dependency between spectral line and effective nuclear charge. This led to the nuclear charge, or atomic number of an element, being used to ascertain its place within the periodic table. With this method, Moseley determined the number of lanthanides and showed the gaps in the atomic number sequence at numbers 43, 61, 72, and 75.[27]
The discovery of the gaps led to an extensive search for the missing elements. In 1914, several people claimed the discovery after Henry Moseley predicted the gap in the periodic table for the then-undiscovered element 72.[28] Georges Urbain asserted that he found element 72 in the rare earth elements in 1907 and published his results on celtium in 1911.[29] Neither the spectra nor the chemical behavior he claimed matched with the element found later, and therefore his claim was turned down after a long-standing controversy.[30] The controversy was partly because the chemists favored the chemical techniques which led to the discovery of celtium, while the physicists relied on the use of the new X-ray spectroscopy method that proved that the substances discovered by Urbain did not contain element 72.[30] By early 1923, several physicists and chemists such as Niels Bohr[31] and Charles R. Bury[32] suggested that element 72 should resemble zirconium and therefore was not part of the rare earth elements group. These suggestions were based on Bohr's theories of the atom, the X-ray spectroscopy of Moseley, and the chemical arguments of Friedrich Paneth.[33][34]
Encouraged by these suggestions and by the reappearance in 1922 of Urbain's claims that element 72 was a rare earth element discovered in 1911, Dirk Coster and Georg von Hevesy were motivated to search for the new element in zirconium ores.[35] Hafnium was discovered by the two in 1923 in Copenhagen, Denmark, validating the original 1869 prediction of Mendeleev.[36][37] It was ultimately found in zircon in Norway through X-ray spectroscopy analysis.[38] The place where the discovery took place led to the element being named for the Latin name for "Copenhagen", Hafnia, the home town of Niels Bohr.[39] Today, the Faculty of Science of the University of Copenhagen uses in its seal a stylized image of the hafnium atom.[40]
Hafnium was separated from zirconium through repeated recrystallization of the double ammonium or potassium fluorides by Valdemar Thal Jantzen and von Hevesey.[16] Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetraiodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.[17][21] This process for differential purification of zirconium and hafnium is still in use today.[6]
In 1923, four predicted elements were still missing from the periodic table: 43 (technetium) and 61 (promethium) are radioactive elements and are only present in trace amounts in the environment,[41] thus making elements 75 (rhenium) and 72 (hafnium) the last two unknown non-radioactive elements. Since rhenium was discovered in 1908, hafnium was the last element with stable isotopes to be discovered.
ApplicationsEdit
Most of the hafnium produced is used in the manufacture of control rods for nuclear reactors.[18]
Several details contribute to the fact that there are only a few technical uses for hafnium: First, the close similarity between hafnium and zirconium makes it possible to use zirconium for most of the applications; second, hafnium was first available as pure metal after the use in the nuclear industry for hafnium-free zirconium in the late 1950s. Furthermore, the low abundance and difficult separation techniques necessary make it a scarce commodity.[6] When the demand for zirconium dropped following the Fukushima disaster, the price of hafnium increased sharply from around $500–600/kg in 2014 to around $1000/kg in 2015.[42]
Nuclear reactorsEdit
The nuclei of several hafnium isotopes can each absorb multiple neutrons. This makes hafnium a good material for use in the control rods for nuclear reactors. Its neutron-capture cross-section is about 600 times that of zirconium. (Other elements that are good neutron-absorbers for control rods are cadmium and boron.) Excellent mechanical properties and exceptional corrosion-resistance properties allow its use in the harsh environment of pressurized water reactors.[18] The German research reactor FRM II uses hafnium as a neutron absorber.[43] It is also common in military reactors, particularly in US naval reactors,[44] but seldom found in civilian ones, the first core of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station (a conversion of a naval reactor) being a notable exception.[45]
AlloysEdit
Hafnium-containing rocket nozzle of the Apollo Lunar Module in the lower right corner
Hafnium is used in alloys with iron, titanium, niobium, tantalum, and other metals. An alloy used for liquid rocket thruster nozzles, for example the main engine of the Apollo Lunar Modules, is C103 which consists of 89% niobium, 10% hafnium and 1% titanium.[46]
Small additions of hafnium increase the adherence of protective oxide scales on nickel-based alloys. It improves thereby the corrosion resistance especially under cyclic temperature conditions that tend to break oxide scales by inducing thermal stresses between the bulk material and the oxide layer.[47][48][49]
MicroprocessorsEdit
Hafnium-based compounds are employed in gate insulators in the 45 nm generation of integrated circuits from Intel, IBM and others.[50][51] Hafnium oxide-based compounds are practical high-k dielectrics, allowing reduction of the gate leakage current which improves performance at such scales.[52][53]
Isotope geochemistryEdit
Isotopes of hafnium and lutetium (along with ytterbium) are also used in isotope geochemistry and geochronological applications, in lutetium-hafnium dating. It is often used as a tracer of isotopic evolution of Earth’s mantle through time.[54] This is because 176Lu decays to 176Hf with a half-life of approximately 37 billion years.[55][56][57]
In most geologic materials, zircon is the dominant host of hafnium (>10,000 ppm) and is often the focus of hafnium studies in geology.[58] Hafnium is readily substituted into the zircon crystal lattice, and is therefore very resistant to hafnium mobility and contamination. Zircon also has an extremely low Lu/Hf ratio, making any correction for initial lutetium minimal. Although the Lu/Hf system can be used to calculate a "model age", i.e. the time at which it was derived from a given isotopic reservoir such as the depleted mantle, these "ages" do not carry the same geologic significance as do other geochronological techniques as the results often yield isotopic mixtures and thus provide an average age of the material from which it was derived.
Garnet is another mineral that contains appreciable amounts of hafnium to act as a geochronometer. The high and variable Lu/Hf ratios found in garnet make it useful for dating metamorphic events.[59]
Other usesEdit
Due to its heat resistance and its affinity to oxygen and nitrogen, hafnium is a good scavenger for oxygen and nitrogen in gas-filled and incandescent lamps. Hafnium is also used as the electrode in plasma cutting because of its ability to shed electrons into air.[60]
The high energy content of 178m2Hf was the concern of a DARPA-funded program in the US. This program determined that the possibility of using a nuclear isomer of hafnium (the above-mentioned 178m2Hf) to construct high-yield weapons with X-ray triggering mechanisms—an application of induced gamma emission—was infeasible because of its expense. See Hafnium controversy.
PrecautionsEdit
Care needs to be taken when machining hafnium because it is pyrophoric—fine particles can spontaneously combust when exposed to air. Compounds that contain this metal are rarely encountered by most people. The pure metal is not considered toxic, but hafnium compounds should be handled as if they were toxic because the ionic forms of metals are normally at greatest risk for toxicity, and limited animal testing has been done for hafnium compounds.[61]
People can be exposed to hafnium in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for exposure to hafnium and hafnium compounds in the workplace as TWA 0.5 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set the same recommended exposure limit (REL). At levels of 50 mg/m3, hafnium is immediately dangerous to life and health.[62]
Nuclear isomer
Induced gamma emission
Period 6 elements
Group 4 elements
Chemical elements (sorted alphabetically)
Chemical elements (sorted by number)
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^ J. H. Schemel (1977). ASTM Manual on Zirconium and Hafnium. ASTM International. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8031-0505-8.
^ C.W. Forsberg; K. Takase & N. Nakatsuka (2011). "Water Reactor". In Xing L. Yan & Ryutaro Hino (eds.). Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook. CRC Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-4398-1084-2.
^ Hebda, John (2001). "Niobium alloys and high Temperature Applications" (PDF). CBMM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^ Maslenkov, S. B.; Burova, N. N.; Khangulov, V. V. (1980). "Effect of hafnium on the structure and properties of nickel alloys". Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 22 (4): 283–285. Bibcode:1980MSHT...22..283M. doi:10.1007/BF00779883.
^ Beglov, V. M.; Pisarev, B. K.; Reznikova, G. G. (1992). "Effect of boron and hafnium on the corrosion resistance of high-temperature nickel alloys". Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 34 (4): 251–254. Bibcode:1992MSHT...34..251B. doi:10.1007/BF00702544.
^ Voitovich, R. F.; Golovko, É. I. (1975). "Oxidation of hafnium alloys with nickel". Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 17 (3): 207–209. Bibcode:1975MSHT...17..207V. doi:10.1007/BF00663680.
^ US 6013553
^ Markoff, John (2007-01-27). "Intel Says Chips Will Run Faster, Using Less Power". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
^ Fulton, III, Scott M. (January 27, 2007). "Intel Reinvents the Transistor". BetaNews. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
^ Robertson, Jordan (January 27, 2007). "Intel, IBM reveal transistor overhaul". The Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
^ Patchett, P. Jonathan (January 1983). "Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 47 (1): 81–91. Bibcode:1983GeCoA..47...81P. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(83)90092-3.
^ Söderlund, Ulf; Patchett, P. Jonathan; Vervoort, Jeffrey D.; Isachsen, Clark E. (March 2004). "The 176Lu decay constant determined by Lu–Hf and U–Pb isotope systematics of Precambrian mafic intrusions". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 219 (3–4): 311–324. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.219..311S. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00012-3.
^ Blichert-Toft, Janne; Albarède, Francis (April 1997). "The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 148 (1–2): 243–258. Bibcode:1997E&PSL.148..243B. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00040-X.
^ Patchett, P. J.; Tatsumoto, M. (11 December 1980). "Lu–Hf total-rock isochron for the eucrite meteorites". Nature. 288 (5791): 571–574. Bibcode:1980Natur.288..571P. doi:10.1038/288571a0.
^ Kinny, P. D. (1 January 2003). "Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systems in zircon". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 53 (1): 327–341. Bibcode:2003RvMG...53..327K. doi:10.2113/0530327.
^ Albarède, F.; Duchêne, S.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Luais, B.; Télouk, P.; Lardeaux, J.-M. (5 June 1997). "The Lu–Hf dating of garnets and the ages of the Alpine high-pressure metamorphism". Nature. 387 (6633): 586–589. Bibcode:1997Natur.387..586D. doi:10.1038/42446.
^ Ramakrishnany, S.; Rogozinski, M. W. (1997). "Properties of electric arc plasma for metal cutting" (PDF). Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 30 (4): 636–644. Bibcode:1997JPhD...30..636R. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/30/4/019.
^ "Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Hafnium". U.S. Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
^ "CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hafnium". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hafnium.
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Hafnium at Los Alamos National Laboratory's periodic table of the elements
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Hafnium Technical & Safety Data
NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Hafnium, elemental
Intel Shifts from Silicon to Lift Chip Performance
Hafnium-based Intel 45nm Process Technology
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Your place for in-depth coverage of the Somerset Patriots and the minor-league baseball world
Home runs go MIA
Ryan Dunleavy • July 21, 2009
Josh Pressley and teammates celebrate a grand slam last season. Such moments have become less frequent this season.
By RYAN DUNLEAVY
STAFF WRITERBRIDGEWATER – As he and his teammates used their bats to mock the dimensions of Atlantic League ballparks last season, Josh Pressley faced daily inquisitions about home run hitting.
Pressley recently found himself back in that position, only the questions came from a new angle.
Where have all the Somerset Patriots’ home runs gone?
“Who cares?” Pressley said. “We’re winning baseball games and that’s all that matters. That shows a lot because it means nobody is pressing.”
Pressing? No. Noticing? Yes.
“We’re way down,” manager Sparky Lyle said. “I’m not going to say it’s puzzling, though, for no other reason than we’re not hitting that well as a team. I think the home runs will come when we start hitting better.”
After seven full-season regulars re-signed from the team that obliterated the franchise’s single-season record, outfield billboards again were expected to be battered.
Instead the league’s reigning home run kings entered Monday night’s game against the Newark Bears at TD Bank Ballpark ranking fifth of eight teams with 55 home runs, and needed 80 games to have a player crack double digits.
Only two teams’ home run leaders have less than Pressley (10), and the Patriots recently went a season-high eight games – July 4-13 – without clearing the fences.
“It’s kind of the opposite extreme,” center fielder Sean Smith said. “I think most of us are used to having a few more home runs at this point, but we’re showing other people and ourselves that we can score runs without the long ball. Our record is still good because we’re finding other ways.”
Among the returnees only Travis Anderson and Teuris Olivares are on pace to eclipse last season’s totals, and neither of them reached double figures.
Pressley (30), Matt Hagen (17) and Smith (15) were among the top sluggers but that trio has combined for just 19 thus far. Jason Belcher (9) and Elliott Ayala (5) also figure to see a drop in their respective totals.
The retirement of Brandon Larson (30) took away a huge chunk of last season’s 174 home runs, but the return of Jeff Nettles, who played for the Patriots from 2003-07, was expected to fill that void.
Yet even the third-most prolific home run hitter in league history is mired in a power outage. Nettles appears headed to his first sub-20 home run season since 2003.
“Last year we were gap-to-gap hitters who happened to be hitting home runs,” Hagen said. “This year we’re gap-to-gap hitters who are hitting like gap-to-gap hitters. But if you had told me before the season what our team leader would have at this point, I would’ve bet in the opposite direction. Maybe we’re all saving up.”
The absence of the quick-strike offensive weapon has not detracted from performance.
The Patriots, who are first in stolen bases and second in doubles, are scoring slightly more runs per game than last season (up from 5.46 to 5.75) and have five more wins through the first 80 games.
If anything, the drastic reversal has validated last season’s most common answer, which described home runs as “fool’s gold” and not an accurate correlation with championship success.
That a large sampling of players is simultaneously enduring a power slump is strange, though both Hagen and Pressley offer external factors such as an atypically cold and rainy spring as possible explanations.
“I’d like to see us hit more,” Lyle said, “but I don’t want to see us start trying to hit home runs. That’s when you start popping up to the infield.”
Nageotte signs
The Patriots signed former major-league pitcher Clint Nageotte prior to Monday’s game. Nageotte played for the Long Island Ducks last season.
Posted in Uncategorized on July 21, 2009 by Ryan Dunleavy.
Pats blow open tight game with big seventh inning
BRIDGEWATER — Jeff Nettles’ RBI triple into the right-center field gap kicked off a five-run seventh-inning rally as the Patriots defeated the Newark Bears 5-1 Monday night at TD Bank Ballpark.
Jason Belcher and Mike Rodriguez added home runs later in the inning and Anthony Granato chipped in a RBI single.
Starting pitcher Tip Fairchild struck out four and walked none in six innings but did not figure in the decision as the game remained scoreless into the bottom of the seventh. Reliever Casey Cahill (5-0) picked up the win.
The Bears scored in the eighth inning off reliever Brian Henderson.
Adams’ history-making win has an ’07 feel
Starting pitcher Brian Adams tossed seven innings Sunday night and picked up his 35th win as a Patriot.
BRIDGEWATER – It would not take much carelessness for a tape of Sunday night’s pitching performance to mistakenly get mixed in with Brian Adams’ collection of 2007’s greatest games.
Apparently that recently uncovered footage is still being put to good use.
As he prepared to pursue Somerset Patriots’ history, Adams began analyzing video from the year that he reached the pinnacle of his professional career.
The former Atlantic League Pitcher of the Year quickly spotted some flaws in his current delivery and made the corresponding corrections necessary to secure a place alongside Justin Jensen as the winningest pitchers in franchise history.
The Patriots scored twice in the seventh inning to come from behind and defeat the Long Island Ducks 4-3 at TD Bank Ballpark, making a winner out of Adams for the 35th time in the past three seasons.
“Brett and I have done a ton of work,” Adams said of the extra hours put in with pitching coach Brett Jodie to end a stretch of five straight sub-par starts. “I felt very much in control, kind of like in ’07. I had good life on my fastball.”
The victory, which came in front of 5,091 fans, was not cemented until the bullpen rescued Adams from an eighth-inning jam. The left-hander departed with two on and no outs, but Ryan Basner, Brian Henderson and Bret Prinz recorded one out apiece.
“Those were the biggest three outs of the game,” said Adams, whose changes included standing taller on the mound and slowing down his delivery. “It was fun to watch, but nervewracking.”
Prinz, who also worked a perfect ninth for his eighth save, induced a weak comebacker from Preston Wilson to strand the potential tying and go-ahead runs in scoring position.
It was a reward on a gamble not to intentionally walk the former major-league All-Star with first base open.
“I didn’t want to walk the bases loaded,” manager Sparky Lyle said. “I wanted to let my pitchers throw the ball. I felt like he (Wilson) was going to have a hard time catching up to Prinz.”
The bottom of the lineup ignited the decisive rally as No. 8 hitter Elliott Ayala singled and Anthony Granato walked. Sean Smith drove the tying single into left field and Josh Pressley’s sacrifice fly completed the turnaround.
“You don’t ever want to get swept at home,” said Pressley, whose three RBI kept the Patriots from a potentially winless series for the second time this season. “We’ve got a lot of pride and winning the first half or not doesn’t really matter. We come to play hard until the last out.”
On the strength of Wilson’s two-run home run in the top of the sixth, the Ducks carried a 3-0 lead into the bottom half of the frame.
Pressley’s two-run home run to center field swung the momentum.
It was the first hit for the Patriots since consecutive two-out singles by Matt Hagen and Pressley in the first inning.
Ducks starting pitcher Jake Dittler retired 14 of the previous 17 batters faced – including 10 straight at one point – prior to Pressley’s homer, but his bullpen could not protect a one-run lead.
“Our lineup is different with him,” said Lyle, who rested Pressley (foot) for the first six games of the second half. “I guess that was a good six days.”
It was Adams’ third attempt at tying Jensen’s record, though he reached 35 wins in only 68 appearances, 20 fewer than his predecessor.
“The two big words I’d use for him are “consistency” and “will,’ ” Pressley said. “He’s going to keep going because he still believes and still has that faith. He’s going to battle for you every time. Over the past three years, he’s been as much a key on the staff as anyone in the lineup.”
Buglovsky roughed up in loss
BRIDGEWATER — Starting pitcher Chris Buglovsky allowed eight runs in 5 1/3 innings Saturday night as the Patriots lost, 8-4, to the Long Island Ducks at TD Bank Ballpark.
Preston Wilson and Johnny Hernandez combined for six hits, including three for extra bases as the Ducks did all their damage between the third and sixth innings.
Joe Burke and Josh Pressley knocked in two runs each for the Patriots, and Pressley hit his team-leading ninth home run of the season.
Carter focused on the present
By SIMEON PINCUS
BRIDGEWATER – In a league that’s come to be known as a springboard for players looking to get to, or return to, the major leagues, one Atlantic League manager hopes the same applies to him.
Gary Carter, who led his Long Island Ducks into TD Bank Ballpark on Saturday night for the second of a three-game set against the Somerset Patriots, accomplished virtually every goal to which a major-league player could aspire.
Inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2003, Carter was an 11-time All-Star for the Mets and Expos, playing 19 seasons in the major leagues, and won a World Series ring with the Mets in 1986.
But for everything the former catcher accomplished as a player, Carter knows if he is to return to the majors as a manager, his success on the field is just one of the factors that will decide his managerial future.
“(Baseball) has become so political and it’s really not what you know, it’s who you know,” Carter said. “My feeling on that is that I’m in this position right now and I’m giving it my best. Is it a goal? Absolutely.
“When it comes to situations like this, you really have to look from within. My heart’s telling me that I’d love to still continue to do this, and then on the other hand you’ve got to be realistic about it. I’m really not going to look beyond this year. We’ll see what happens.”
After retiring as a player following the 1992 season, Carter spent four years broadcasting Florida Marlins games before getting his first opportunity to manage in 2005 with the Mets in the rookie-level Gulf Coast League.
Carter was promoted the following season to Single A, and led the St. Lucie Mets to the Florida State League title.
Carter’s first foray into independent ball was a success last season when he led the Orange County Flyers to the Golden Baseball League championship. Carter took over as the Ducks’ skipper this season and had led Long Island to a 43-35 record going into Saturday’s game. They are 6-2 in the second half, one game ahead of first-half champ Southern Maryland.
Carter certainly doesn’t miss spending hours every night filling out player-evaluation reports and being told by the organization who he has to play and where, like he did while managing in affiliated ball. Still, to him, being on the field, no matter what league it’s in, makes his job fun.
“It doesn’t ever take away from the enjoyment because I love being in uniform and I love being with these guys, and the opportunity to manage,” Carter said. “I just feel that it’s baseball. It’s not any different here than it is in the major leagues or it is in rookie ball, because I’ve done all of those things.”
Carter acknowledges that his goal is to get to the majors. But no matter what his managerial future holds, he is focused on the task at hand, and refuses to worry about whether he will end up on a major-league bench.
To him, the game and the Ducks deserve his undivided attention and the best he has, the same way he approached his Hall of Fame playing career.
“All I’m really thinking about right now is managing the Ducks and trying to win a championship,” Carter said. “I’m going to re-evaluate my situation at the end of this year and see if it’s even in the future for me.”
Former Pats enjoy big day
BRIDGEWATER — Former Patriots Ray Navarrete and Victor Rodriguez each hit a home run and combined for five RBIs as the Long Island Ducks picked up a rain-shortened 6-4 victory Friday night at TD Bank Ballpark.
Rodriguez’s two-run home run in the third inning snapped a 4-4 tie.
Patriots starting pitcher Jim Magrane worked all six innings but was battered for 12 hits. It was just the second time in 16 outings this season that he has allowed more than three earned runs.
Sean Smith and Josh Pressley had two hits apiece for the Patriots, who blew a 3-0 first-inning lead.
Long climb back
BRIDGEWATER – Mincing words is better left for others.
Jason Belcher knows the truth about the way he started this season.
“It was horrendous,” he said. “I buried myself early.”
The catcher has been fighting an uphill battle for the Somerset Patriots ever since managing just five hits in his first 50 at-bats, but he entered Friday night’s game against the Long Island Ducks in the midst of his best offensive stretch.
“The biggest thing with him right now is he feels so good at the plate,” manager Sparky Lyle said. “He wasn’t swinging at strikes before. It seems like every time he swings at a strike he hits a double, but he wasn’t being selective enough.”
Plate discipline long has been a strength for the former fifth-round draft choice, who has averaged about the same number of walks and strikeouts during his nine-year career.
But Belcher, 27, strayed from his traditional approach as he tried to build upon a career-best performance last season. Soon he barely resembled the player who set career highs in batting average (.334), home runs (nine) and RBI (53), and tied an Atlantic League playoff record with 12 hits.
“It’s got to be in your mind,” Lyle said. “When you have a year like that the thing is you start thinking, “Yeah, I can do this.’ “
As the slump continued, the desire to break out of it intensified.
Even the praise Belcher received from Patriots’ coaches for making defensive improvements – he has thrown out 23 percent more attempted base stealers than he did last season – could not completely prevent pressing from becoming an issue.
The Patriots are 29-15 with a 3.48 ERA with Belcher behind the plate.
“It’s human nature to want to do more,” said the Arkansas native, who splits time with Travis Anderson. “That’s when experience and maturity become involved. It’s how you handle it. If you go 5-for-50 in the middle of the season, it doesn’t get noticed. When you start out that way, it looks bad.”
Belcher still was hitting below .200 as late as May 29, but responded with a .291 mark in June and a .286 start to July, upping his batting average to .258. It has only been higher than that once (.259 on June 17) despite a .314 average since his first 50 at-bats.
He has had at least one hit in 17 of his last 23 games and multiple hits in four of his last five starts.
“I wanted to hit my way out of it so I began chasing pitches that were borderline,” he said. “We rotate catchers here so my total number of at-bats (191) isn’t where everybody else’s is. That makes it hard to make up (for a prolonged slump).”
While the statistics indicate a turnaround, they are not the only encouraging sign for Lyle.
The longtime manager strongly believes veterans will accumulate similar statistics every season regardless of the path taken to get there.
If Lyle is right and Belcher is to approach most of his career averages, basic math suggests he is in store for a big second half.
“He probably will do that,” Lyle said. “More often than not, they’re going to be within 10 of their numbers.”
Record book, Bears no match for Pats
NEWARK – A winning margin of two touchdowns and a field goal for the Patriots against the Bears would not be too surprising except that . . .
It happened on a Thursday afternoon. In mid-July. On a baseball diamond.Without using helmets or shoulder pads, the Somerset Patriots trounced the Newark Bears by the National Football League-like score of 27-10 in front of 3,680 at Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium.
“I think I’ll never see some of that again,” outfielder Mike Rodriguez said as he rehashed some of the numbers from the 3-hour 52-minute contest. “Every guy that was in there really just exploded. We’ve played some long games here, but this takes the cake.”
Rodriguez led a franchise-record 24-hit onslaught by tying the team’s individual mark with six. He also joined Matt Hagen in scoring five runs.
The Patriots trailed until the true madness broke loose beginning when the first 15 batters of the sixth inning reached base. Twelve runs scored before an out was recorded.
“You’re sitting in the dugout wondering, “Is this really happening?’ ” Hagen said. “As fun as it was for us, I’m sure it was as bad for them. We’re thinking “When is this going to end,’ and then the next guy reaches.”
The first out was recorded by the Bears’ fifth pitcher of the inning, though by that time Joe Burke, Anthony Granato and Rodriguez had each scored twice. Starter Mike Hrynio, a Dover High School graduate, created the messy origins and fell to 0-3 with the loss.
Before making two more outs, the Patriots sent 20 batters to the plate – including Burke and Granato three times each – and collected nine hits and 14 runs to turn a 6-4 deficit into an 18-6 lead.
“That has to do with their pitching,” manager Sparky Lyle said. “They can’t get the ball over the plate and that’s what happens when you don’t have good pitching. I felt bad about it but it just got absolutely ridiculous.”
Jeff Nettles contributed half of his game-high six RBI during the rally, including the tie-breaking two-run double. His earlier two-run home run gave the Patriots a 4-1 lead that, like so many others through the past 11 seasons at Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium, could not be held.
“It was one of the first times at Newark that I felt we were safe,” Lyle said of holding a 17-run advantage through 7 1/2 innings.
The previous franchise record of 21 runs scored, which stood since May 7, 2000, did not fall until Travis Anderson’s pinch-hit grand slam in the seventh. The Atlantic League record of 26, set in 1999, was passed on an eighth-inning sacrifice fly.
The Bears used three position players to pitch the final three innings, which had an amateur feel augmented by several fielders showing little defensive effort.
“It can be tough when you’ve been out there for a while, but you’ve got to keep going,” Hagen said. “You respect those guys who are still going all out.”
Overshadowed by the bats was the work of winning pitcher Casey Cahill, who put an end to Newark’s go-ahead five-run fourth inning rally off starter Jason Standridge. Cahill (4-0) escaped a bases-loaded jam and tossed 2 1/3 scoreless innings.
“That was big,” Lyle said. “He did what he had to do there because an eight- or nine-run lead is not safe in this building.”
Minimizing that damage was a significant turning point, though it did not appear that would be case when the Patriots failed to score in the fifth after loading the bases with no outs.
At that point, the team’s season batting average with the bases loaded fell to .172 but those fortunes quickly changed as Sean Smith, Nettles, Jason Belcher and Rodriguez all delivered two-run hits in that situation during the epic sixth inning.
“I can’t put my finger on it,” Rodriguez said of the performance, “but today was a special day for me and for us.”
Pats hang on in the ninth
Tip Fairchild delivers a pitch during Wednesday's game. (Courtesy of Gordon Forsyth/Newark Bears)
NEWARK — The Patriots escaped a second consecutive ninth-inning meltdown Wednesday night, defeating the Newark Bears 8-6 at Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium.
Starting pitcher Tip Fairchild allowed four runs over six innings and Brian Henderson pitched the final three to save the victory. Henderson retired the first two hitters of the ninth but worked into a jam that brought the go-ahead run to the plate with runners on the corners.
Fairchild rebounded from a three-run home run by Salomon Manriquez in the second inning to reward the Patriots’ faith in handing him the starting rotation spot vacated by Kip Bouknight, who is on the disabled list.
Anthony Granato hit a three-run home run, Jason Belcher had three hits and Jeff Nettles added two hits and two RBIs.
Kotch-Pats link up again
NEWARK – Kevin Kotch finally had a reason to wear his finest gold jewelry.
The countdown for such a fancy occasion began the moment that he received his 2008 Atlantic League Championship ring in late April and was supposed to end this past Sunday.
Kevin Kotch sprays a pitch foul during a game last season. (Ed Pagliarini/Staff photographer)
A friend’s wedding was going to provide the setting until a funny thing happened 72 hours prior.
Kotch’s phone rang and a representative from the ring’s purchaser was on the other line.
The Somerset Patriots wanted him back.
“Where do I need to be?” Kotch asked director of player procurement Brett Jodie, who also re-signed him last month for a three-day stint that resulted in only two plate appearances.
The answer was on a bus to Camden for a four-game series that would keep him from attending the wedding.
That was fine with the Middlesex native, who is looking to jumpstart a professional baseball career not far removed from a mysterious nosedive.
After seeing limited action with three Atlantic League teams last season, Kotch, 24, landed a starting catcher contract with the Gateway Grizzlies of a lower-level independent league.
“I went out there and it was just different, especially from being here,” he said. “There were barely any veteran guys to learn from. When you go through a funk, there is no one to go to to help you work through it.”
And Kotch was in a nightmarish funk. He hit .077 in 14 games and was mired in an 0-for-31 slump at the time of his release.
“My catching was a strong point, but as my defense stepped up, my offense went down,” he said. “I was kind of taken out of my element a little bit. I always set the bar really high for myself. Everybody said (success would translate to that league). Take it for what it’s worth. I’m still perplexed but that’s baseball.”
A quick layover with the Patriots from June 19-21 offered little salvation, but now the former 24th-round draft choice of the Baltimore Orioles is back in a familiar situation.
Kotch, who accumulated 58 total bases in 146 at-bats during his 2008 travels, bounced back and forth between the roster and the inactive list after joining the Patriots in August but still managed to hit .265.
“He’s trying to find himself a little bit after the start he had this year,” Jodie said. “He wants to get himself back on track. And he gives us a guy who can play multiple positions and will do anything you ask. He’s valuable and he was here for us last year.”
Most of the Patriots returned the favor by being there for Kotch.
“Last year was awesome,” he said. “I learned from a lot of different people and all the veteran guys helped me out. I felt like part of the team and like I helped the team out. I always had the same attitude every day and I think they respected that.”
Being back at that stage could be viewed as disappointing, but Kotch refuses to think of it as anything other than an opportunity.
That’s all he was seeking the past few weeks when he sent e-mails to dozens of teams in independent leagues across the country.
“Whether it’s three days, three weeks or three months, you never know what’s going to happen,” he said. “Is it frustrating yet? Yes, but I’m looking for any way I can help out the ball club. We’re in the playoffs, so hopefully I can give guys a couple days off. I’ll pay my dues a little bit, but I work every day like I’m going to play.”
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Frigid reads: book review thread
[ 328 posts ] Go to page Previous 1 ... 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Next
Post subject: Re: Frigid reads: book review thread
Mice Templar
By Bryan JL Glass and Michael Avon Oeming
Art by Michael Avon Oeming
Byran Glass was raised with two siblings in a Philadelphia neighborhood known as Fishtown. Originally he wanted to pursue a career in filmmaking but was pulled into the world of comics instead; first by providing photo covers for various comics and becoming a writer in the early 90s. While he did work for the big two (Marvel and DC) he kept returning to independent comics. His most famous work is likely the comic series Powers, on which he worked alongside Michael Avon Oeming. This wasn't the first time they worked together but it was the most famous one. Powers would win several awards and become a television series. Today he lives with his wife Judy in Pennsylvania. He first started work on Mice Templar in 2003 when Michael Avon Oeming brought him on board to help flesh out the story and concepts. Michael Oeming got started in comics when he was 14, starting as an inker and it was as an inker on Daredevil that he got his big break. Afterwards he would work on a number of titles both for DC and Marvel as well as Indie comics but his work on Powers that gave him the influence to try out an idea. Inspired by the secret of N.I.M.H and Watership down (although ironically he never read a single Redwall book) he wanted to try telling a mythic fantasy story using mice. The first volume of Mice Templar was published in 2009 by Image comics after years of toil. It would go on to win a Harvey award, named after Harvey Kurtzman and founded in 1988 to take over the Kirby awards which were discontinued in 1987. So let's take a look at volume I.
Once upon a time, in the Dark Lands, the night time dwelling of mice, a warrior priest named Kulh-en rose up to unite the mouse tribes and founded a warrior order to protect mice and other creatures from the many, many predators that hunted them (Editor who studies predation: rodents, the potato chips of terrestrial ecosystems like ducklings are marsh pringles). They were called the Mice Templar. Like all mortal creatures Kulh-en died, but the order he created endured. It was tested and triumphed but triumph brings its own tests. The doom of the Mice Templar came not from it's many external enemies but from within. Greed, disunity and the politics those things bred led to a civil war within the order, where Templar fought Templar and the order was shattered. With the fall of the order, came the fall of Mouse Society, now each city and village turns away from each other and the ties that held mousekind together fray in the face of corruption and cruelty. Faith in their god Wotan is falling and in its place rises a new religion worshiping the very creatures that devour them, led by an order of rat Druids who have allied themselves with the last Mouse King. A king whose lust for power has driven him mad. It's in this world that our main character Karic was born and raised. Now a young mouse on the verge of adulthood, he is pushed into the center of events that he doesn't really understand when an army of Rats attack and destroys his village and takes his family into slavery. Karic is driven by visions granted to him by Wotan and other ancient gods and the belief that he is being called to carry out a purpose. A purpose that no one else understands and that most of them don't believe in. Whether it be the mouse who trains him Pilot the tall, the very priesthood of Wotan or the ragged remains of the Templar order, still lingering over their self inflicted wounds.
Nor is Karic the only figure in this story. His family has been dragged away to slavery or even worst fates in the one-time capital of the Mouse Nation, among them his best friend Leito. Like Karic, Leito is carried forward by his fate in Wotan, but unlike Karic Leito doesn't have mystic visions to sustain that faith. In a lot of ways, I'm finding Leito to be the braver character, and one I can understand better. That said Karic isn't hard to grasp. He, like a number of characters I could point to in the Bible or other stories, is filled with self doubt over his suitability to serve as vessel for his god's will. Meanwhile is pulled in different directions by competing factions who either see his faith as something to use for their own profit or a symbol to rally people to their own ends. Karic has to struggle to become a Templar in order to achieve the purpose laid upon him and free his people. While Leito has to struggle to maintain his faith and the faith of those around them, to keep them from turning on each other if nothing else. Both these struggles are small pieces of larger battles around them, many of which were started before either of these mice were even born and are propelled by forces that will be present when both of them are laid down to rest. This really helps make the whole thing seem more real. While Karic and Leito both provide a face to what is happening to their society as a whole, it remains clear that their own struggles are symptoms of greater problems and overcoming those personal issues is really just the beginning for both of them. While this is their story so far, there are a large number of other characters, such as the Rat Captain Tosk, the Templar Cassius and others. While well done, these characters are clearly players in Karic and Leito's story.
The world of Mice Templar is drenched in deep myth, like Black Anais the witch, to the tales of the wars between bats and owls, even the existence of night and day take on mystic significance. The world and the story blend together elements from Arthurian myth, the Old Testament, and Norse myths to create something new but solid feeling. So I have to state that I think Mr. Glass and Mr. Oeming have done a fine job of world building and making characters to inhabit the world they made and to tell a story of faith and struggle. There were parts I found somewhat questionable, for example I'm not entirely sure what Pilot the Tall thought he was going to accomplish and Cassius doesn't seem to have a lot of self control. Additionally the book ends just short of what I could call a complete story, which knocks it down a notch in my view. That said, I'm interested and hoping to get to Volume II soon. I have to admit that when I picked up the book, I thought I would be looking at a copycat of the comic Mouse Guard but this book is a completely different story on many levels. It's more mythic and tied up in themes of faith and belief. The core of this story is the struggle of faith in trying time. I give Mice Templar by Bryan Glass and Michael Oeming a B+. Give it a try.
Next week, we return to Cyberpunk with Snowcrash and then I venture forth to Ready Player One. Keep reading!
This review edited by Dr. Ben Allen.
"Wait a minute, Juanita. Make up your mind. This Snow Crash thing—is it a virus, a drug, or a religion?"
Juanita shrugs. "What's the difference?"
Hiro and Juanita, Chapter 26
A meme is a behavior, idea or style that spreads from person to person, it is the unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices. They can be transmitted through any means of communication: speech, writing, music, images, even gestures can be used to transmit a meme or become a meme. Some supporters of the idea often compare memes to genes, in that they replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures. The term meme was coined by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene. That's not the book we're reviewing today, instead we're reviewing another book that tackles memes and did so before the phrase Dank Meme broached from the dark depths of the internet. Snow Crash, approaches the idea of memes in a very related but very different way, instead of comparing memes to genes. Mr. Stephenson in Snow Crash instead compares memes to viruses.
Neal Stephenson was born October 31, 1959 in Fort Meade Maryland to a family of engineers and scientists. His family would move to Iowa afterwards where he graduated high school. He then returned to the east coast to study at Boston University. He started out as a physics student but switched to geography upon realizing that would give him more time on the university mainframe. In his first couple of books, he sharpened his skills for satire, parody, and tense action. Snow Crash, which was released in 1992, was his big break grabbing him a lot of attention, and was nominated for the British Scenic Fiction Award and the Arthur C Clarke award, Time magazine would place it on the 100 best English Language Novels.
Snow Crash takes place in an early 21st century LA where economic collapse has all but killed the United States. The land of the nation has been divided into patches of privately owned gated communities, such as New South Africa, Mr. Lee's Greater Hong Kong and more. Each of these enclaves have their own legal codes, enforced by hired mercenary security forces and are linked by privately owned highways that compete for traffic (Editor: So… Ancap heaven? Hell for me I suppose, but at least all the ancaps agree that child sex-slaves are bad…That is not necessarily a foregone conclusion.). Even the mail is privatized. Everything is delivered by hired couriers. Even national defense and intelligence services are done by private corporations with the federal government broken into a few struggling enclaves that are increasingly irrelevant to the society around them. Even organizations like the Mafia and the South American Cartels have become corporations that operate in broad daylight, with the Mob and the Cartels often taking their competition to the level of open urban warfare. We also learn that while North America has degraded into anarcho-capitalist chaos a lot of the world is even worse because refugees from Asia come across the Pacific in their hundreds of thousands by the Raft. The Raft is a massive conglomeration of ships tied together propelled by the tide and wind of the ocean with the aircraft carrier Enterprise at the center (What. The. Fuck?). Every couple of years in a cycle the Raft unleashes a tide of refugees who survived the violent lawlessness of the Raft by being the fastest, strongest and most ruthless of the people trapped on the Raft (Cannibalism! Fun for the whole family!) onto the beaches of the west coast. The good people of the west coast react in a number of way and surprisingly only some of them involve machine guns!
Within this manic chaos live and work our characters: the freelance hacker and master sword fighter Hiro Protagonist and the 15 year old skateboarding radical courier, Y.T (standing for Yours Truly). Neither of these two were born with those names. Hiro, the half black, half Korean son of a WWII vet, adopted the name because, let's be honest, you're never forgetting that name are you? Not being forgettable is rather important when you're a freelancer. Hiro does most of his work in the Metaverse, a Virtual Reality style internet that people interact with through the creation of avatars. Hiro was one of the early coders of the Metaverse, he helped write the software that keeps it running and as such he knows a number of little exploits that allow him certain advantages. In real life Hiro isn’t bad with the matched pair of Japanese swords he wears, a traditional daisho of katana and wakizashi. But in the Metaverse? He's the best damn sword fighter in the world, because he wrote the code that allows for sword fighting in the first place (Dev Hax!). Y.T changed her name to keep her mother, a federal worker, from figuring out that she skateboards on freeways using a magnetic harpoon to latch onto cars to go faster as she delivers packages for a living, and because she thought it was cool. That second part is as anyone with experience with teenagers will tell you is the main reason. Despite her age, she is one of the best couriers in LA and incredibly skilled at taking care of herself and others. When she feels like it. Hiro and Y.T are partners in intelligence gathering and they are both separately and together pulled into a massive plot to destroy the world and rebuild it in someone else's image. This is where the meme's come into play you see.
There's a new drug on the street that shares a name with a virus appearing in the metaverse. Snow Crash, when used in the metaverse it disconnects the target from not just his computer but attacks him through his mind. It only affects programmers, attacking them through their understanding of binary. In the real world, the drug snow crash causes people to increasingly disconnect from reality, behave irrationally and increasingly experience bouts of glossolalia, or as most of us likely know it as speaking in tongues (Dang it! It’s a virus and not lovecraftian? Someone call Charles Stross.). The two are clearly related but how? Additionally how does this tie in to the reappearance of Hiro's ex-girlfriend and love of his life Juanita and her obsession with the language and religion of ancient Sumeria? (That’s more like it! Bring on the lovecraftian nightmares!) Hiro finds himself digging through the collected research of a professor who had been working on a theory about how Sumeria; the fact the humans speak many different languages; and religious expression throughout history, are all connected and can be used as an instrument of control. Mr. Stephanson also leaps into languages, in specific the discussion of not just why do we have a bunch of different languages but why do languages tend to diverge over time instead of converge? (Because language evolves by a process very similar to natural selection and isolation creates change?) Now this may seem strange because these days we live in a period of massive language convergence, which is due to the ease of global travel and communication. Not only are many languages disappearing under the onslaught of mass media, global trade and cultural assimilation but the languages that remain strong tend to pick up words from each other. You can see this by the appearance of English words in Japanese for example. The existence of English itself is a massive example of this, as it started as the unwieldy fusion of the French Normans and the Germanic language of the Anglo Saxons. Mr. Stephenson uses the idea of the Tower of Babel and in doing so also creates a bit of alternative history to go along with his Cyberpunk, which is a pretty good mix overall.
Meanwhile Y.T finds herself increasingly connected with the Mafia and the plans of Uncle Enzo the leader of the Mob in America to find the source of the Snow Crash drug in the real world and end it before it becomes a danger to the Mob's business plan (yes, this is a story where the mob saves the world, because it's good for business). It's through this that we see the Mob's own understanding of meme's which is rather rough and ready and how they see them as something to resist. Their belief is that they can resist ideology and through it the transmission of harmful memes by eschewing ideology all together and instead instituting a system of personal relationships and promises to substitute for policies and belief systems (So… neo-feudalism?). This is however subtly shown as failing because that idea itself is an ideology and therefore a meme. This is shown by the dissatisfaction of the elders of the Mob with the middle management that is coming up the ladder behind them. Often complaining that the youths and managers they've trained to look over the vast corporate empire that the Mob has built lack flexibility and a certain hungry desire. Instead they stick to the traditions laid down for them and operate by the procedures outlined for them. As always I find these complaints by elders very ironic since my reply to elders complaining about the youth is pretty much always the same. They are what you made them to be. If they have been made into something you didn't want, maybe you should start asking yourself just what you've been doing this whole time. Y.T on the other hand gains the approval of the Mob by rejecting the structures of it and the ideas underlying their organization. She's a very self sufficient young woman, who refuses to be to closely identified with a group, even her own couriers group. This is displayed by her relationship with Hiro, where she works outside the normal role of a courier by also dabbling in information gathering, and her willingness to ignore basically any rule she doesn't care for. Granted in this version of the future there aren't too many rules left to ignore.
The book shines mostly in its character work, the characters are well defined and in many cases larger than life. Hiro is an incredibly American character, being a half Black, half Korean man who is utterly obsessed with Japanese ideas and cultures but doesn't have the firmest grasp of what they actually mean. Meanwhile Y.T herself displays a cocky self-assurance through most of the book that masks the fact that she's not even old enough to drive and isn't really thinking everything through. Which I think most people would also consider rather American. They're supported by characters that don't take the center stage but are still powerful characters in their own right. Uncle Enzo would easily be an interesting protagonist for example, as would Juanita. The antagonist are suitably terrifying, especially the Aleut Raven, who would also be very able to serve as a centerpiece for a story all on his own. Mr. Stephenson also shows a great talent for humor and dancing between the line of parody and seriousness. Snow Crash parodies a great number of the ideas of cyberpunk and the common elements that appear in those stories by taking them to their ridiculous end point. At the same time there's enough realism mixed in and enough seriousness that you don't feel that Mr. Stephenson is trying to be hateful towards the genre but instead inviting everyone to take a step back and have a chuckle at just how silly some of this stuff can be when you look at it in the right way. The book itself takes a good hard look at memes especially those communicated through religion, which even today is one of the most effective memes and vector for their transmission, and how that can be a tool for good or evil. Meme's can promote independence, rational thought, and freedom of expression... Or they can promote mindless obedience, self destructive behavior, and willing enslavement of yourself to people who view you as a resource to be expended. That is always something you need to keep in mind. In the end, even the dankest of memes is nothing more than a tool.
The book's not perfect, Mr. Stephenson does get some historical facts wrong and also makes a big deal about the disappearance of the Sumerian language. While there's still some debate about it, most folks think it might have had something to do with the conquest of Sumner by the Akkadians, who were the first guys in human history to build an out and out empire. With that conquest Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian and while it lingered much the same way Latin does today, eventually it was replaced by other languages. Another note is the fact that Pentecostal Christianity didn't start in Kansas, the idea of speaking in tongues did but it wasn't codified as a part of worship until the Pentecostal churches got started... In L.A. I don't think this detracts from the book that much although I am enough of picky nerd to point it out in the review. Still I can forgive a science fiction writer for playing a little fast and loose with history in order to tell one hell of an inventive story that encourages you think a bit on things. That said, I love this book. It shows just what you can accomplish with science fiction and Cyberpunk in general and the fact that you can look at these serious and heavy themes but still have the space and time to have a good laugh. Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson gets an A from me.
Next week, we get a little more modern with Ready Player One. Keep reading.
by Ernest Cline
Ernest Cline was born in March of 1972, in Ashland Ohio. Before becoming a novelist Mr. Cline performed at Austin Poetry Slam venues with some success, becoming a national champion in 1998 and 2001. In 2005 he sold a screenplay for a movie called Fanboys, was released in 2007. It didn't do well. Part of that was the great deal of drama around the movie where massive changes were made to the story-line and then frantic attempts were made to repair those changes. Another part is likely the limited release; it simply didn't play in very many theaters. The last part would be that according to most who saw the film, it just wasn't very good. Still to Mr. Cline's credit he picked himself up, dusted himself off and jumped right back in. Today he's lives in Austin Texas with his wife Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz, a nonfiction writer and poet, and their children. Let's take a look at Ready Player One.
Ready Player One was a New York Times bestseller and was praised by NPR, CNN, io9 and more. Described as everything from large hearted to a page turner. Warner Brothers bought the screen rights to the book before it even hit bookstore shelves. While it was widely celebrated at the time, I didn't read it. I saw it at the bookstore, read the back of it, and decided to buy another book. It wasn't until last year when I heard a movie was being made and one of my best friends mentioned he loved the book and read it every year that I decided I should give it a shot. Let's discuss shall we.
Ready Player One takes place in the increasingly not so distant year of 2045 where humanity is something of an energy shortage but still has plenty of electricity to power a virtual reality internet (World of Warcraft according to the best information I could find uses 75,000 CPUs across 10 data centers to provide 24/7 access to a player base in the mere millions) that everyone is using. Our Hero is Wade Watts, a young man who’s rather grim life. Both his parents are dead, his father dying when he was very young and his mother overdosing on drugs when he was eleven. His aunt would tell you that she took him in, but considering she doesn't let him sleep in her part of the trailer and only uses him to commit food voucher and welfare fraud, I wouldn't believe her on a bet. Wade was basically raised by the public school system and OASIS, the virtual reality internet system created mostly on the efforts of one insane genius James Halliday. As a result despite being somewhat socially awkward, he is really good at games and computers in general. In the real world Wade lives in a haphazardly welded together tower of trailers (Editor: FOR THE LOVE OF MARX! WHERE ARE THE BUILDING CODES!?{Have I mentioned I'm not responsible for my editor?}) north of Oklahoma City (I'll come back to this [editor:screams in terror]) and has to ride a bike to generate enough electricity to access the OASIS . What's interesting about the OASIS is that you can access it for the one time cost of $0.25 for a lifetime account with a single avatar. With that avatar you literally gain access to an entire galaxy, whole planets of games, information and services. Wade even goes to school within the OASIS, a program started by the government to cut down on fuel consumption (and honestly not a terrible idea) What gives him hope and keeps him going is the idea of finding the Easter Egg.
When James Halliday died, a video was released, promising that anyone who could find the hidden Easter egg would inherent Halliday's billions (How did he make billions off a service that’s a $0.25 lifetime subscription? Advertisement? Licensing for developers? Do the Users have to pay for premium content or something?{A combination of selling virtual goods and selling virtual real estate, to move from one world to another you pay a fee to the OASIS owner, to own “land” you pay the OASIS owner, etc} ) and ownership of the OASIS. This was protected by a iron clad will and a standing army of lawyers that would terrify national governments into submission. Large groups of men and women have devoted themselves to this task calling themselves gunters. Many of them are organized into clans, cooperative efforts to find the egg and share the prize, while others hunt alone, refusing aide. Given Halliday's obsession with 1980s era entertainment and trivia, they pore over the video games, movies and music of the time hoping to find a clue to the riddle that will let them even begin the search. This has led to the 1980s becoming a major fad among teenagers and the younger adults. However they're not the only ones looking for the egg, the corporation of IOI is also looking, with a paid army of hunters, called sixers. Sixers give up all rights to the prize in exchange for a wage, steady work, health care and dental (Behold the way capital exploits the working class and alienates them from the value of their labor. Look, communism doesn’t work, but I’ll be damned if good old Karl wasn’t a fantastic diagnostician). IOI is widely despised for their plans to turn the OASIS into place you can only access for paying a monthly subscription fee and to unleash advertisers all over the OASIS. Wade is a gunter but honestly doesn't expect to find the egg, it's just something to give him hope... Until he solves the first riddle...
The world building is honestly kind of uneven. The OASIS is very well done with attention given to detail building off of current internet standards and expanding them and moving them forward. As such I can fully believe that the OASIS works more or less the way Mr. Cline says it does. It's an amazing world to write and play in and you could honestly set entire stories within the OASIS and not ever touch the real world; which might be a good thing, because the “real world” of Ready Player One isn't one I can buy at all. For one thing I was brought up from childhood in and around Oklahoma City, you are not going to have rickety welded together skyscrapers of trailers there (That might happen in Texas though, where the state doesn’t even have a fire code, leaving those to county and municipal governments. Honestly, any society that gives as few shits about the poor as this one seemingly does, is gonna have some pretty ramshackle slums.). Oklahoma gets on average 52 tornadoes a year. Oklahoma county, the county containing the Oklahoma City metro area holds the distinction of having the 2nd most tornadoes hitting in that state! Moore Oklahoma, (which is right bloody next to Oklahoma City) was hit by 4 high powered tornadoes in a sixteen year period. You can verify this with a five minute web search. If I wanted to be nasty I could make the comment that this novel is really just Wade's last dream as he lies under the shattered remains of his home dying from blood loss after it was leveled by an F5. For that matter I found the villains entirely too black and white to be believable. IOI's plan is to make the OASIS accessible only to people who pay a monthly fee is an act of a profit hating lunatic. A modern corporation wouldn't endanger it's monopoly like that, not out of any morality or goodness mind you but because it's way more profitable to allow people to continue to access the OASIS but add a bunch of pay to win features. You want to level up your avatar? Sure you could grind newbie quests and hunt rats... Or you could buy XP, $16.99 gets you 10,000 XP! Ultra rare artifacts in our loot crates, only $35 a crate! For that matter the vast mass of people on the OASIS is itself a commodity, simply change the user agreement giving IOI the rights to sell your data for targeted advertisements that only you will see tailored to your tastes and experiences! These are business models that not only exists but have often brought in way more profit then the pay to play model. There's a reason so many tablet and phone games are free to play but littered with micro-transactions, and Facebook has proven that you can build a wildly successful company using your consumers as your product. That's not the only issue, frankly there isn't a lot of thought given to the real world set up beyond a vague hand wave and a firm declaration that everything sucks so people lose themselves in the OASIS. We're not shown this bluntly, we're told this by Wade. I found myself constantly trying to hold myself back from trying to outsmart the world. Wade mentions that the oil ran out (I'm sure this is a simplification by a 18 year old boy who really isn't paying attention due to his addiction to Virtual Realty) and thus cars are barely used etc. I find myself asking what about biodiesel? Liquid Coal? Did you know you could make a car run on natural gas? Hell, Electric cars? We're already building the infrastructure for them (Did this society completely reject the splitting of the atom? I mean, with sufficient Glorious Nuclear Power Plants, we could use hydrogen fuel cells for transport pretty easily, or pull the CO2 from the atmosphere and make our own hydrocarbons for liquid fuel if we had to.). I'm honestly being picky but it just kinda shows how little world building went into the real world side of the setting where I'm questioning the central premise in under 10 pages. For many readers this isn't gonna matter, for me, it gets in my teeth.
Which brings me to the biggest problem in the novel, we're told a lot of things but not shown them. The entire novel is written from Wade's point of view as a memoir of sorts. Which is a good and interesting narrative framing device but does slap some hard limits on your story. Since we can only be aware of things Wade is aware of and the our knowledge of the world is only as good as Wade's. We're told that VR classrooms are amazing but we don't get to see them. We're told that Art3mis and Wade had built a relationship through spending a lot of time together but we don't see it. So I find myself not very invested in it and just kind of shrugging when that relationship runs into bumps and rocky points. We do get shown enough of Aech and Wade together (barely) that their relationship feels like a real one but not as close as Wade would claim it is. Now I did like the inclusion of non-western characters in the form of Shoto and Daito, a pair of Japanese gunters that Wade would claim as friends as well and the interactions we see were really well done. The brief parts of the books that were devoted to it really captured the wariness and problems of forming a relationship with someone you're competing with to win enough money to make Tony Stark look twice but we're told about the major episodes in this relationship instead of shown them! As a result the relationships don't feel... Real. I reject the idea that this is a result of those relationships being formed on the internet. Some of my closest friends are people I met on the internet and have only seen in person a handful of times. Don't get me wrong, you need friends in your local area but that doesn't mean your net buddies aren't real friends either. That said if you're going to write a book where your main characters creating relationships with other people is important to the plot... Then show me the character doing it. Don't say “Oh and I hung out with protagonist C every other Saturday, we became good friends by raiding dungeons!” Show me protagonist C and you raiding a bloody dungeon! Make it a chapter in the book! Because otherwise the relationship doesn't feel real or organic, it feels like PLOT. It's not that you and protagonist C are buddies because you've raided the dungeons of the Mad Liche Bard of Byzas together. You're buddies because the PLOT says you are.
Since this book is told uncompromisingly from Wade's point of view, I'm going to tell you up front if you end up hating him, you'll hate the book. Personally I'm okay with Wade. He's a good kid, has a lot of growing to do but in your late teens who doesn't? Wade is also a fairly believable character. He's a young man who, because of a lack of practice and role models to learn from, has a lot of trouble interacting with people outside of narrow fields of interest. Wade would likely struggle very hard to keep up a conservation with a stranger in a bar unless that stranger brought up something he loved. I can sympathize with that and that's a fairly realistic weakness to have in my view. Because of this Wade loses himself in a subculture that places a low requirement on social skills and will accept him as long as he learns about the same trivia and appreciates the same cultural artifacts that they do. There are millions of people who do that. The whole idea of fandom is kinda based off being accepted as long as you like the same thing everyone else in the group does and gunters in the end are kind of a short hand for fandoms across the internet. Wade is a fairly well done character, he manages to be clever but believably so. He's also rather flawed in his obsession with Art3mis and in being a bit of hypocrite. He's very disdainful of the men and women who signed up to be sixers as sellouts (he demonizes the competition, it’s normal) but once Wade makes it big? He signs every endorsement deal he's offered without a thought, for the money. Which is... Well.. Selling out. Given his abject poverty, it's perfectly understandable that he leap at a chance to have money but... You get what I mean.
The beginning of this book is also very rough (based on the first 20 pages alone the grade would have been lower.) and there are pacing issues as well. That said the plot is fairly well done, I thought the riddles were interesting and Wade's various plans and schemes were usually in my opinion passingly clever. That said other characters are allowed to solve problems or come up with ideas that work. So I wasn't left feeling that Wade was the only smart character in a world full of idiots. Sometimes he just comes off as lucky, or has to play catch up to other characters which helps reinforce the idea that Wade isn't the only person here with a working brain and motivation. There's a good story here and there are good characters buried in here. Unfortunately we're only really told about most of these characters as opposed to actually spending a lot of time with those characters. We're told more then we're shown, which in my opinion doesn't make for a good book. I honestly think Ready Player One could have used another draft or two to cut down on the amount of telling and devote more space to showing the relationships between Wade and the other players. For that matter we could have done with fewer references for the point of having references. All in all this honestly does feel like Mr. Cline's first novel and one that wasn't polished enough before release. I'm not without hope for improvement in the future and I can understand why some people would enjoy the novel. However, that doesn't counter the book’s many problems for me and I'm giving Ready Player One by Mr. Ernest Cline a C-. The book isn't the worst thing ever but that doesn't make it good.
Next week, I tackle the movie. This Sunday we look at RP1 vs Snow Crash. Keep Reading!
Sidebar III: Snow Crash vs Ready Player One
I find it interesting that the two books are even compared at all really. Usually comparison arises when books are published fairly closely together, have similar characters or subject matter. Instead Hiro and Y.T are very different from Wade and the worlds they inhabit are fairly different as well. The stories themselves are different in a lot of ways a well. Still let's take a look at the two shall we?
First let me map what I found the books shared. Both books have a semi-humorous tone to them, Snow Crash's humor comes from the near parody like nature of it's world. Where it rides that fine line between absolute parody of cyberpunk and maintaining a fairly serious world. Ready Player One's humor comes more from the situation of imaging a teenager in 2045 being obsessed with Atari games and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. The humor is fairly different though, Snow Crash invites us to share a chuckle while Ready Player One works really hard to make that outlandish behavior make sense and feel serious. I'm going to be honest and Ready Player One is actually fairly successful in that by tying that ridiculous behavior into a high reward in the story (If you can remember the lines to War Games, you might have a shot at winning enough money to match the GDP of a medium sized country after all). Both Hiro and Wade are fairly skilled with computers and like Y.T, Wade is growing up in a world that is flying to pieces. The biggest common ground however is the existence of a virtual reality internet in both stories. The Metaverse in Snow Crash and the OASIS in Ready Player One. Let me take a look at them.
The Metaverse is fairly constrained and honestly somewhat pedestrian compared to the OASIS. It presents itself as a single vast globe that can be traveled by train or programmed vehicles. People buy virtual estate in the Metaverse and build offices, homes and headquarters for their internet needs. People move about in avatar with most people using black and white flat avatars with computer experts using more realized avatars and the wealthy buying off the shelf colored avatars for their convenience. All in all it's not a terrible view of the internet but it is constrained by the fact it was written in 1992 when the web was in it's infancy at best and no one really quiet knew it's full potential. Additionally the Metaverse does not get the same amount of attention lavished on it as OASIS does as most of Snow Crash takes place in the real world.
Meanwhile in Ready Player One, the OASIS is where the action is. The OASIS is bigger, more realized and immersive then the Metaverse. It's not a single globe, it's a galaxy of planets you can teleport around in if you have the money or fly using spells, spaceships or anything a programmer can dream of. People conduct business, play games, go to school, work, hang out, fight and love in this place. The OASIS feels like the internet turned into a truly amazing Massive Multi-Player Online Game. Everyone starts off with fully rendered and 3d avatars just like most MMOs but through grinding or money you can upgrade pretty quick. Ready Player One details the world of OASIS fairly deeply and devotes a good deal of time to it because the OASIS is most of the story takes place. Given that the book was written in 2008, it's no surprise that a greater understanding of the internet and it's culture is displayed in this book.
Let's take a look at our characters. I'm going to stick to our 3 main characters for brevity sakes. Hiro is a loner who could take a respected position in his society of hackers and programmers but refuses to due to distinct distaste for authority and a fear of being turned into an assembly line worker. Y.T is young woman who has rejected most of her society because it requires her to dumb herself down and pretend to be less capable then she really is. Hiro chooses to do most of his work in the Metaverse but has no problem getting his hands dirty in the real world (or even resorting to reason if necessary) if the stakes become high enough. Y.T is unrelentingly a citizen of the real world and embraces it fully. Both Hiro and Y.T accept their world and don't waste a lot of time thinking about how things were better in the past. That may be because Hiro as African American would look at the past as a time when he would have been locked out of his rightful part of things for something as petty as his skin color and Y.T simply inclined to think that way as she's very much someone who focuses on the present. Wade makes no bones about the fact that he thinks he lives in one of the crappiest times in history (I would say he's wrong but would admit the world he describes can't be called good). He, unlike the two above is very focused on the past and how things were better back then. Wade is also someone who has a community but refuses to take a bigger part in it out of a combination of pride and shame. Shame over his poverty and pride in refusing to ask for help instead clinging to the hope that he can strike it big on his own efforts. While it would look like something he shares in common with Hiro along with a love of computers, there's a difference. Hiro is coder and a programmer, one of the men who actually built the Metaverse, line by line. Wade is a gamer and while not a terrible programmer it's not his main skill set nor did he have anything to do with the creation of the Metaverse, Wade's struggle to take over a fully created world that he had no choice but to be in. Hiro's struggle is to understand the world he's help create, his role in it and to protect it. I suppose Wade might grow up in way to be like Hiro but I find it unlikely. Wade is honestly more set in his ways then Hiro and more committed to a course of action. I would honestly say both men reflect the generations they come from with Hiro being full of Generation X confusion bordering on apathy and Wade showing the self belief and frustrated determination of the Millennials.
This leads me over to the themes of the books in question which are also both very different. Snow Crash is a consideration of what Memes mean and what they do, how they tie into language and the very power of language over how we view the world. After all if you don't have a word for something how can you fully understand it? How can you explain it to others without words to give the concept meaning? What if someone could use a word to take that understanding away from you? What if someone could use a word to take you away from you? Weaving through that is a theme of coming to understand yourself and what it is you want to do in the world. Although I would consider that a lesser theme in Snow Crash. In Ready Player One, what Wade has to learn is that his obsessions are not a replacement for real relationships with real people. That while it's perfectly fine to have interests that you devote time and energy to, you also need to devote time and energy to being a member of society and not shutting yourself away from everyone. Wade's struggle to connect to his fellow human being is part of his coming of age. This is a young man who only had one close friend that he had never met in real life and never been on so much as a date by the start of the story.
Although now that I think about it there are a couple of other things that the books have in common. Wade, Hiro and Y.T are all status quo heroes. Wade wants to protect the current status of OASIS from being changed by the greedy corporation of IOI. Hiro and Y.T want to protect their world from being overwritten by a businessman who thinks he can become a god. Both are trying to maintain the world in it's current state against people would change it, in their opinion at least for the worst. This doesn't mean that they're against change but the changes that Hiro, Y.T and Wade do push forward in their stories are changes on a personal level in how they relate to their world and those around them. They don't seek to make sweeping changes to that world for good or for ill. It also interesting to note that in both books the villains are corporations. IOI is faceless villain for the most part, the sixers all look alike and Nolan Sorrento the leaders of the sixers is only a lackey for faceless powers that be. Meanwhile the corporation in Snow Crash has a face in Bob Rife, who is the owner of the business and the mastermind of the plot that Hiro and Y.T work to foil. The motivations are different however, as IOI seeks to seize the OASIS as a profit engine and possibly gain control over a major engine of the world's economy, while Bob Rife intends to flat out rule the world through being able to control the populace directly.
In the end I don't think Ready Player One stole anything from Snow Crash, the idea of a virtual reality style internet is one that has been around for a long time. If nothing else the existence of stories like Tron and Lawnmower Man would inspire someone towards that end eventually. Also corporations as villains is a staple in dystopias and cyberpunks and the motivations, organization and operations of the two villains in question are so different that I can't see Mr. Cline has taking to much inspiration from Snow Crash. I would argue that these are two very different books and I remain surprised at the threads on reddit and the various articles that insist on comparing them. While there are similarities, they're fairly skin deep ones in alot of ways. I remain steadfast in my belief that Snow Crash is the better book and the better story but I can also see how some people would prefer Ready Player One as the themes of that story and the journey that Wade goes through are very modern ones and might resonate more with certain readers then the themes in Snow Crash.
Next Friday, we take on Ready Player One the movie and after that Platinum Magic. This has been your reviewer reminding you, keep reading!
Ready Player One: The Movie
Directed by Steven Spielberg
First, a quick note on how this review will go. Because this is a book review series, the movie will be receiving two scores. The first one will be on how well it holds up on its own as a movie; the second will be judging it on its merits as an adaptation of the novel. Fair warning there may be spoilers. Ready Reader? Let's go!
The movie rights for Ready Player One were bought before the book was even released to the public, what followed were a number of negotiations for rights to various characters that were actually completed fairly quickly all things considered. Now some rights were not able to be obtained, for example the rights for Ultraman, who plays a big part in the plot of the book, are the matter of some dispute at the moment. So the movie creators weren't able to get a hold of them because no one is really sure who to even talk to right now. So instead the Iron Giant was substituted. Most of the Spielberg references were removed on the insistence of Spielberg himself, because he felt it would be vain to pack the movie with references to his own work, even if his list of films is a massive cornerstone of the 80s. Let's take a look at Spielberg for a moment shall we?
Steven Spielberg was born December 18, 1946 to an Orthodox Jewish family in Cincinnati Ohio. Later as a child they moved to Phoenix, Arizona (once again a creative genius spends his childhood in this sun-blasted locale, I begin to wonder if there something in the water? [Editor: What water? Long live the fighters of Mua’Dib! Okay okay, it only has the temperature and dust storm of Arrakis, there are several rivers that have been fully drained by the time they hit Phoenix proper, and several artificial reservoirs. But if the metro area keeps growing the way it is… That’s gonna change.]) where Mr. Spielberg would take the first steps on his path by earning his photography merit badge using his father's movie camera, because the still camera was broken. At age sixteen he wrote and directed his first independent film. His parents would move to California and divorced before he graduated from high school. He moved to LA with his father and was accepted to California State University. While attending college he got a unpaid internship (Spielberg had one before they were cool/completely ubiquitous exploitation of free labor.) with Universal Studios, it was during that internship that he got a chance to make a 26 minute short film called Amblin'. The film won several awards at various film festivals and impressed Sid Sheinberg, a Vice President at Universal, who offered Spielberg a seven year director contract, making Mr. Spielberg the youngest ever signed director in Hollywood history. He would not complete his degree until 2002 (God, can you imagine being his film professor? Talk about imposter syndrome. “Hey Steve, you wanna just teach the class for the week? I’m going through a divorce and just… can’t handle this right now” or “Well Steve, I’d planned on having the class analyze one of your films but that’s right out now. Thanks.”) but considering we got ET, Jaws, and Raiders of the Lost Ark... I'm gonna say Mr. Spielberg likely made the right call there. Let's move on the movie itself shall we?
Ready Player One takes place in Columbus Ohio, in the Year of Our Lord 2045 AD. Wade Watts lives with his Aunt Alice and her crappy boyfriend Rick. His only escape is the OASIS, where he competes in the race for the copper key. The OASIS is a virtual reality internet, created by James Halliday. When Halliday died, he announced that whoever could get all three keys (Copper, Jade, and Crystal) by defeating all three of the challenges, accessed by solving riddles which would lead to the challenge locations, would inherent all of his money (half a trillion dollars) and full control of the OASIS. As you can imagine this made some people excited. Someone figured out that the first riddle led to a race, where King Kong jealously guards the finish line. No one has made it past him in five years, until Wade finds a clue that lets him beat the race. This attracts the attention of the one of the more talented egg hunters Art3mis, a young lady that Wade has been a fan of for years and more dangerously attracts the attention of the villains of the piece Nolan Sorrento, leader of the corporation IOI. A corporation that has used predatory loan practices to amass a slave army of workers and Sixxers, young men and women who compete in the challenges using faceless avatars under the agreement that if they win, IOI gets full rights to the OASIS and will remake it in their corporate image. Wade now has to race against time and with the help of his friends defeat the corporation, save the OASIS from ruthless exploitation, and learn something about himself in the meantime (There’s the Spielberg schmaltz we all know and love).
Ready Player One the movie is a fairly standard plot held up by amazing visuals and locations. Like a dance club with zero g dancing or that race track I mentioned. While the plot is done well and the characters are decently acted and written, frankly if you've seen a movie about a plucky underdog out to save the world from the powers that be and grow up at the same time... You can call this plot beat for beat and get a handle on the characters pretty quickly (but I'll talk about that in the second part of the review). That said the visuals are amazing and the writing and acting is better than your average Michael Bay Movie, so if you liked those, you’ll like this. If you came only to see those action set pieces and all the references in the movie you'll have a blast. Otherwise the movie is pretty average and I'm gonna have to give Ready Player One a C as far as movies go.
Now let's talk about this an adaptation, so if you don't care how the novel and the movie compare you can stop right here. I'm not going to pretend I'm a fan of the novel, I gave it a C- after all. That said, there were interesting and clever things in the novel and most of them have been ripped out of the movie because they weren't safe. Let me start on the changes to the characters, Wade is kinda bleached out of his individual characteristics to make movie protagonist #4; a young man who wants to make it big with a heart of gold. Gone is his cheerful, unaware hypocrisy where he criticizes sixxers for selling out while agreeing to endorse products he's never used for money. Gone is his general cynical view of humanity and his distrust of groups. Now instead of talking about using 500 billion dollars to build a spaceship to escape Earth and start over, he babbles about living in luxury. The movie softens him to a degree and makes his poverty less real as a result. Movie Wade does not feel like a kid living in poverty, he feels like a middle class boy chasing the dream of wealth. Book Wade did feel like a boy who came up from poverty, having a willingness to do things simply to get out of poverty and stay out of it. Also drained of gray characteristics is Nolan Sorrento. In the novel Sorrento is allowed to have some skill and actual grasp of the pop culture everyone is obsessing about. Not only that but in the book Sorrento isn't presented as a coward. The film goes out of it's way to make him look like a craven suit, bumbling to control something he doesn't like or understand but wants because it'll make money. Bluntly, this drains him of menace and dimension. Art3mis is given what I feel is an unnecessary tragic backstory and turned into your bog standard rebel fighter against the evil empire. She's also changed from Canadian to American (Why? I can almost understand but never approve white washing but… Red-white-and-blue washing? Why? The only cultural differences anyone would notice in a movie are accent, apology frequency, poutine, and saying zed instead of zee {Because everyone must be from Ohio in this movie… EVERYONE!}). These are all safe changes made to the characters to make them more like stock movie characters. There's nothing wrong with stock characters on their own, they serve as a shorthand for the audience but when you take a character and turn them into a stock archetype, you're basically deciding not to take any risk and to avoid doing work getting the audience to understand and connect to the characters in their own right. Now some of the changes were good, having Aech be a modder and craftsmen who makes money by creating new items on the OASIS was a nice touch and I liked that nod to the modder community in general. I am utterly annoyed by the changes made to Daito and Shoto, who in the novel were Japanese shut ins, referencing a real social problem in Japan, and it made the OASIS feel bigger to know that there people from other nations in it. It made the OASIS feel more like the internet we have today. Instead in the movie there's no reference to their nationality, but given their age and the fact that they show up in Ohio in person... I have to assume they're Asian Americans (*Editor Twitches*). This makes the movie OASIS feel smaller and more like a virtual reality arcade then an actual internet. We didn't need all five of our protagonists to come from the same city! Not in a movie about the bloody world wide web!(Of course we do Frigid, that’s how Spielberg rolls. He has to have his small-town Schmaltz, and if he can’t have that, it’s parental issues. So many parental issues.)
Additionally much of the indepth nerdery was taken out to pander to a wider crowd. So instead of Dungeons and Dragons adventures which are solved by Wade learning the right Latin word at the right moment, we get the race instead (Oh for the love of… The people who go to see this movie are going to at least know what Dungeons and Dragons is, and everyone pretty much recognizes Latin when they hear it even if they don’t speak it. I really don’t see the point of this one, even for the sake of pandering to the widest possible demographic. It can be de-geeked a little bit without losing that completely. What the hell?). The obscure animes of the 80s are replaced with references both visual and audio to major movies and video games. This makes it feel less like a celebration of geek culture and more a pandering trip to the widest lane on the nostalgia highway so as to hit as much of the audience as possible. I'm being a bit of a snob here, there's nothing wrong with preferring King Kong, Overwatch, and Doom over Dune, D&D, and Joust; but when you remove major references from the novel, I can't help but feel the motive was to pander to a wider audience so you could get at their wallets. In my view the film drains away what little subtly there was in the novel and replaces it with more pandering when the story was already dangerously over the top with it as it was.
I'm also going to take a shot at the changes made to the message of the story. In the novel the message was that pop culture obsessions cannot and do not take the place of real communities or relationships with real people. There’s nothing wrong with hobbies or liking certain kinds of entertainment but you need to balance that with spending time with actual people. Wade had to learn that by burning bridges with his friends and struggling to rebuild those bridges and work with them to win in the novel. Here it's reduce to a quick, power of friendship and a message that you damn kids need to go outside and stop staring at those damn machines so much. Given all of this. as an adaptation I have to give Ready Player One the adaptation a D+.
Well... Next week we're heading back to the books! We're reviewing Platinum Magic by Dr. Bruce Davis. Nut first, this Sunday a joint-sidebar with both your editor and I, your reviewer discussing a topic I like to call Crouching Author, Hidden Minority. Keep Reading!
Sidebar IV: Crouching Author, Hidden Minority
Welcome readers! This sidebar is gonna be a little different, since it’s usually just me babbling about the topic and our good editor doesn’t even see them until I post them. Today, our editor Dr. Ben Allen will be joining us in the conservation since he has relevant experience (God Frigid, just tell them I’m gay, it’s fine.) I served during don’t ask don’t tell Doc, habits are hard to break. Anyways! We’ll be talking about minorities in fiction, most specifically minority characters you didn’t realize were minorities until the end of the story (*coughcough*Dumbledore*coughcough*). Dumbledore is a good example of that, as is Aceh from Ready Player One. Let me get into this.
Minority characters and representation can be a touchy topic. Certain types of people are underrepresented in lot of fantasy and science fiction stories. In all honesty I tend to be harder on science fiction and stories set in the modern day like urban fantasy (Because presumably cultural mores in the future and now are such that, say, gay characters are likely to be out of the closet, and travel between regions that might have different racial and ethnic groups is easy. As opposed to say, fantasy, where black people might have to cross a desert to reach NotEurope(™)). Although I’ll note that Rome in its heyday had a substantial African population, given that the Empire ruled a part of Africa. A varied population helps bring home the idea that your city is massive and important folks, just a thought. Now I’m not saying you should have a bloody racial or gender quota or what have you but having discussed this with fans who are of a different race or orientation then myself… I see where they’re coming from. If there’s no one like you in fiction, it starts to feel like your society is trying very hard to pretend you don’t exist and that would bother most people (While that is true, it’s a bit more than that too. Science fiction, fantasy, comics of various sorts… those are our versions of mythology. They tell stories about who we are as a people, what our values are. They give us heroes we can identify with and look up to at a young age when we’re figuring ourselves out. It’s harmful to be excluded from that.).
So I’m hoping most of you can see how this is kinda of a big deal, I mean imagine that for years you’ve been reading about characters that you like and identify with but there’s a gulf there because of a difference in experience (let’s not pretend that race, gender and more doesn’t change your life experience either folks) but you finally find a character who does match up. Maybe it’s a character that’s open about their faith and it happens to be your faith and this character practices it, not just pays it lip service. Now imagine this is the only character you’ve ever found that does this. How exciting would that be to finally have that? Now imagine that instead of seeing the character go to service, or pray or do rituals connected to that faith… The creator of the character just mentions it a year or so after the series has ended (ROWLING!!!!!!). How would you feel about that? The experience wouldn’t be the same at all would it?
And now for non-parenthetical commentary. What Rowling did is… look, it’s what I’m going to call post facto tokenism. It’s like, she felt like she had to include a gay character for the sake of diversity, but didn’t want to make the effort of actually having Dumbledore’s sexuality impact his character in some way or matter in the plot. She gets the props for including a gay character (after the fact), but didn’t take any of the risk. It’s cynical and insulting. I can see why it might have been difficult to include in the main story, but she’s a good enough writer she could have done it in the sections about Grindelwald. There could have been a conversation about Grindelwald and Dumbledore being a thing, and Harry being either confused or astonished by this. Hermione could have been pleasantly surprised at how progressive the Wizarding World is in this respect, while dismayed at his taste in men; not that she has much room to stand on. Seriously, why did Ron exist? (Ron isn’t the worst choice she could have made, it’s all the other men she’s attracted to that are questionable if you ask me but we aren’t getting into that). And this is in a setting where people of every other possible group is represented in some way. There is even a lengthy episode in book two that goes into the oppression of an entirely fictional slave caste. Now, in Fantastic Beasts part II, we have a not-explicitly-gay Dumbledore, in a plot arc where it bloody well should matter! I just have to hope Jude Law (that sexy manbeast) puts All The Subtext into his performance in such a way that it transcends the script, or I’ll be pissed. For fuck’s sake, Newt Scamander is a textbook autism case(And he’s awesome!) but noooo! Can’t have gay Dumbledo(Ahem) I’m ranting. I’ll stop.
Now I can see how a writer would be hesitant. It’s a lot easier to screw up writing a character with a different gender (look how often it’s done!) or race then yourself and writing someone with a different orientation is considered in and of itself a political act in the anglosphere. Writing a character of a different race can cause some of the more faint hearted writers to be leery because well, if that character is primarily negative or has a memorably negative personality trait, you’re inviting the audience to wonder if you’re making a statement about that’s character race. Honestly this can be counteracted pretty easily though, by having more than one character of each race (which is why avoiding tokenism is good for the author as well as the audience). There’s no reason your group is limited to one black man, or one Jewish girl or… You get the idea. Additionally if you present your minority characters in stealth mode, you can claim to be colorblind or trying to present the moral that these differences don’t matter.
Except they do matter, obviously. Being gay, or trans, or black, or jewish informs who a person is, and it informs their relationships with their society and other individuals. Someone who “doesn’t see race”, for instance, is also putting the blinders on with respect to how race impacts the experiences of their characters, and that isn’t just bad writing, it is itself a form of racism by way of erasure. Try telling a black guy, heaven forbid a black woman, that their experiences are irrelevant (Telling them that their experiences are the same as yours or that their race didn’t impact those experiences is also a bad idea. I’m gonna suggest trusting me on that one.). Try telling me mine as a gay man don’t inform who I am. It won’t go over well.
Now not every story needs a super diverse cast. If you’re writing a historical fiction set in the countryside of 1620s England, then having members of the Zulu tribe show up is gonna be a little.. Odd. Interesting mind you, but odd. But if you’re writing a science fiction set in the far flung future of 3422 and traveling to other planets is as easy as flying a plane is today… Why not have several different ethnic groups interacting? Why not have some diversity in your characters? For that matter when writing fantasy, remember that before the Bronze Age Collapse, you had people traveling from Britain to Egypt to sell Tin. It was a long, dangerous journey (in literal row boats) but it was still done often enough that it wasn’t considered outrageous for those people to be there (As another example, there are cultural artifacts from the Middle East that show up in Scandinavia, indicating there was trade in both directions, either directly or through intermediaries.). Still that said, not every story needs a diverse cast and nor should this turn into a checklist you need to check off.
That said, if you’re going to include a minority character you should bite the bullet and let them be openly a minority character and don’t shy away from it. Just throwing their minority status on the table at the end of the story is frankly more of a checklist behavior than anything else. If you want to include a minority character but you’re not confident you can do it correctly, talk to us. I’m writing a Psi Corps fanfiction right now (The Corps is Mother the Corps is Father), and I have a section that deals with what it means to be Jewish inside the Corps. I’m only (very)vaguely Jew-ish (the hyphen matters). So what do I do? I ask a friend of mine who was raised Orthodox to check it over and make sure I got it right. There’s something to be said for writing what you know, so you might not want to dive too deep into a subculture you don’t have direct experience with for your viewpoint character (especially with a first person or third person limited perspective), but an outsider’s perspective is fine for secondary characters.
So in conclusion, the trend of hidden minority characters might seem like a good compromise but in the end doesn’t really work on any level. It’s better to either just have the minority character in the story (this excludes stories where the character hiding their minority status is plotline within the story, but that means you’ll have to actually write about it) or just not have the minority character at all.
So what do you think readers? Feel free to leave a comment or an argument below. But either way, keep reading! See you next Friday.
White Haven
Location: Richmond Virginia, the Capitol of Treason
In your hypothetical 3422 setting, if we're assuming that being gay is no longer a problem, how much does that character's sexuality impact life experiences? It seems to me that if you're writing in a setting where <insert minority here> isn't controversial or noteworthy or what-have-you, then you're also writing in a setting where that minority doesn't really matter all that much outside of, well, tokenism.
Put another way, if I'm writing historical fiction set around the US Civil War, a character being of recent Irish descent might be a major portion of both that character's background and the story events surrounding the character. If I'm writing contemporary fiction, a character being of Irish descent is an excuse for an accent and a redhead. I realize it's not an exact comparison, but I was reaching for a class that used to be a discriminated minority in the US but that, now, nobody gives a shit about.
Now, to extend the metaphor, I could then also make the character a former IRA member, but then I'm going well beyond them being a minority.
Chronological Incontinence: Time warps around the poster. The thread topic winks out of existence and reappears in 1d10 posts.
Out of Context Theatre, this week starring rhoenix
-'I need to hit the can, but if you wouldn't mind joining me for number two, I'd be grateful.'
Platinum Magic
By Dr. Bruce Davis
Before we begin, I must as always issue a disclaimer. I believe a reviewer should always be honest with his audience and admit when there is a prior relationship. I know Dr. Davis personally. I have been a guest in his home and I count his eldest son as one of my greatest and closest friends (Note from the editor: Dr. Davis helped raise me so…). Dr. Davis' family has been very kind to me over the years and has given me friendship, respect and more. As you can imagine I am very fond of all of them. That will not be affecting my grade, as I will, as always, be working to give you my honest opinion on the story itself, based on its own merits and flaws. That said, it would be dishonest of me not to tell you, my readers, that I knew the writer beforehand.
Dr. Davis is a trauma surgeon who lives in the Phoenix Area in Arizona (that's right, another creative writer laboring in this furnace of a valley, if it's not the water, or lack thereof as my editor insists, there must be some special kind of sun-caused madness). Dr. Davis graduated medical school at the University of Illinois in Chicago in the 1970s (which means he's been a doc longer then most of us reading this have been alive). He then joined the navy to serve as a naval doctor doing his residency at Bethesda Naval Hospital. He would meet his wife serving together in the Navy and he served with the Marines in the first Gulf War. He currently lives with his wife, family, and large dogs. Platinum Magic was published in 2018 by Brick Cave Media, founded in 2006 by Bob Nelson. They're currently headquartered in Mesa Arizona.
Platinum Magic is a police procedural set in a fantasy world, however this isn't your average Not! Europe fantasy world but one where a magical industrial revolution has taken place. As such, people use magic mirrors that fit in their pockets to communicate with each other, drive magically powered sleds through the air, enjoy the convenience of running hot and cold water through magic indoor plumbing; the whole nine yards. This is because human wizards methodically and carefully studiedthe magic they learned from the near immortal elves and sussed out rules that allowed them to create repeatable and predictable magical effects that didn't take much magical talent to use. The world isn't perfect however, until very recently it was split along racial lines and in a lot of ways still is. For example the Elves live in the Havens, the Orc homeland is the Azeri Empire, and the Dwarves have their own homeland where they live behind anti-magic barriers. Most humans live in the Commonwealth which is a mixed race society, humans, dwarves, elves, and orcs all live in the Commonwealth with the other races coming in to escape the confines of their own societies.
However, the Commonwealth is not a utopian paradise. The world of Platinum Magic has a history of wars and strife that we would likely recognize from various fantasy novels. As such, dwarves don't like orcs, orcs aren't fond of humans, and the elves look down their noses at everyone (Of course given how many humans with elvish blood there seem to be, it might be only the older elves doing so). For example there's a native orc population in the Commonwealth mostly shoved into reservations or they've moved into ghettos doing the manual labor in magic factories that no one else wants to do. Layered on top of this are class divisions that run within and across racial boundaries born from a combination of only some people having magical talent and the fact that industrialized societies tend towards very unequal societies. That means crime and terrorism, and just like in the real world crime and terrorism often hit the people who can do the least about it. Of course wherever there is crime and terrorist acts, there’s a police force to contain and control it. Enter our main character King's Agent Simon Buckley and his partner and foster father Haldron Stonebender. When they get a tip about an illegal bomb factory set up in a suburban home, they expect to find a bunch of orc terrorists. What they get is the estranged sister of the ruler of the Elvish Havens doing illegal blood magic and more. When she dies in the raid, our King's Agents find themselves on the edge of an international incident that could threaten their careers, their lives, and their good names (Interesting order those are in…). They'll find themselves digging deep into a conspiracy that could set the nations of their world at war and made up of the unlikest co-plotters. What does the family that rules the Elvish Haven have to do with a group of Orcish terrorists anyway?
The story is told through the first person perspective of Simon Buckley, as he digs into the mystery of what the hell was going on in that suburban home he raided. It's bad enough that he has to deal with the Elvish government breathing down his back and that he has to conduct the investigation with a way-too-attractive Elvish Ranger named Sylvie whose appearance invokes a lot of memories for Simon (Unintentional sexual harassment panda?). He also has to do this with a Lt. who is desperate to curry political favor and all too willing to offer up Simon's head on a stake to get it (Hmmm. I’ve seen this before. In The Wire. Anyone man enough to walk the streets with Omar?). Simon is going to have to work off the books, with someone he's not sure he can trust but is finding himself emotionally pushed to trust anyway.
Simon is an interesting if straight forward character. He's not stupid or naive but still believes in laws and justice and thinks racism is wrong but dances around confronting Hal over his racism against orcs (I was gonna comment on my racial profiling suspicion earlier…). For that matter for all his belief in laws, he is perfectly willing to break a law to prevent something worse from happening. As the investigation spirals into bigger and bigger problems and pulls up memories from his past he’d rather not deal with, we get a good luck at who Simon is. He is a good if flawed man, trying to do his best. Doc Davis' strength is he can write a character like this without drifting into melodrama or getting Simon to stuck up his own rear to get anything done. Which can be a hard needle to thread, but Doc Davis does it rather well.
We learn a bit about Hal and Sylvie as well in this story. Hal is an older married dwarf who, like many dwarves, lives in the Commonwealth. That said, there are a lot of questions about what went on in Hal's past, if Hal literally has a lifetime of experience on Simon, why is Simon his Sgt instead of the other way around? Seeing as the Captain of the peacekeeper station they work out of is a dwarf, I highly doubt it's a race issue (unless Dwarves have a different seniority track to offset their longer lives?[that actually would make a degree of sense, otherwise younger officers would live and die unpromoted]). Hal doesn't display any envy at his adopted son being promoted over him. If anything Hal is proud of his human son, and is mostly concerned at his physical and mental well being. So I find myself wondering at Hal's backstory. I kinda hope to see more of this in the future and if Doc Davis writes more I hope he digs more into Hal and Simon's relationship because I don't think we've ever had an adopted father and son fighting crime before, or at least I haven't (Other than Batman and his various adopted emotional proxies er, I mean children). Sylvie is interesting herself, presenting an alternative take on elves as opposed to the scheming politicians who keep throwing roadblocks in Simon's way. She also moves pretty quickly for an immortal, making her romantic interest in Simon clear after a couple days. I suppose when you've been alive for awhile you learn what you like and worry less about it. Or maybe she's in a hurry because she's worried Simon could die any decade now. Time must look a lot different to her then us after all. Since this is all from Simon's viewpoint we actually don't get a lot on Sylvie. For that matter we don't get to see a lot of the rest of Simon's squad, the dwarf/human pair of Jack and Ham, or the new-kid mage Laim. Again one of the weaknesses of choosing to do your story completely from inside the head of a single character.
I really enjoyed the world building in this novel. Instead of presenting us with Not Europe! or an exact copy of our own world but with magic, we get a completely alternate world with a completely different history. Which is, frankly, realistic. A world with more than one sapient species in it and with the ability for people to shoot fireballs at each other with a word is going to be radically different from ours. Ethnic divisions within humanity are going to matter less when there is a literal horde of bug eyed monsters coming to eat your children, to give one example. It's not just that, there's a lot of little things that stack up to create the feeling of a very different world. The characters use understandable but very different phrases. No one says hi or goodbye in this book, they say good meeting or good parting. No one says alright, they say all good. Little things like that help create a very real sense of being somewhere else. Doc Davis also plays the history of his world close to his vest. There are no massive infodumps here, you pick things up by their mention in natural conversations between the characters. Let me define my terms here. Infodumping is a term for when characters have a long speeches detailing some part of how their world works, either the technology or the magic or the history of the world even when all the characters present would already know this information. Another term for it is the dreaded As You Know Speech, after the phrase that usually starts an infodump. There are some writers, (looking at you Weber) who won't even bother to put that information into the mouths of the character and just dump it into the story as plain text. I know there are people who enjoy reading a good infodump and I would agree there are some stories that work with that but in all honesty it's very easy to break the pace of the story with an infodump and bog it down. Doc Davis instead prefers to give us passing details about the world and focusing on really letting us get to know Simon and pulling us into the mystery at hand. Which works because having to fill in the gaps is a good way to get your readers pulled in, especially when you have the world building supported by little details that enforce the feeling that these characters don't come from our world.
The pace of the book is fairly fast. The novel is barely over 300 pages; which is both a good thing and a bad thing. On the one hand there are things in the story that I wish had more time and space devoted to them. I honestly wanted to see more of the other characters and there just wasn't space in the novel for them. For example Molly, Hal's wife and Simon's foster mother, looms large in Simon's thoughts but she doesn't get a lot of time on page. Hal could have used more screen time, as well as the rest of the squad. On the other hand in this era of bloated fantasy novels that could be used as hand to hand weapons due to their size and weight, it's good to see a writer actually buckle down and tell me a story without wondering all over the damn place. If you're used to reading Robert Jordan or George RR Martin, this is going to be a fairly big change of pace. I do hope if we revisit these characters in future books that we get to spend more time with them and see a bit more of their world. Another thing about the novel is the mix of predictable and unpredictable plot beats. There are some that are lifted right out of a 1980s cop movie and others that are fairly unique. Part of it is the world, there are times where it almost feels Victorian and other times when it feels perfectly 21st century and still other times when it feels like the pure fantasy novel it is. This is all done fairly well and Doc Davis uses elements that we've seen a hundred times before to hide the surprises in the plot until the very last minute like a stage magician. I honestly very much enjoyed the book, but if you're not a fan of police stories this isn't going for work for you. That said I'm giving Platinum Magic an A-. Much of the issues come from the relentless single view point of the story but it's done really well and will likely bother you a lot less then bothers me.
Next Week, we return to Warp World! Keep Reading!
Warp World IV: Final Storm
By Joshua Simpson and Kristene Perron
“My name is Amadahy Kalder and I came to this world to stop Slavers.” Ama page 440
Just like last week, a disclaimer. I've been friends with Joshua Simpson for over a decade now, we met online after I came back from Iraq. We've played games together, screamed at each other over politics and swapped stories. He's a good friend. Like I said last week, while everything I give you is my honest opinion on the story, I feel it would be dishonest not to tell my readers when a prior relationship exists. So with that in mind, let's start the review (The same disclaimer goes for me, the editor, dear readers. Any worries you may have about Frigid’s objectivity however may be allayed, as I am more likely to give my friends fantastic amounts of shit, and have higher expectations of them then I do the average prole.).
Joshua Simpson is a native of Texas who has a colorful life behind him and that's just talking about the jobs he had. Over the course of his life he’s been a garbage man, nuclear power plant safety inspector, professional truck driver; and now writes books as well has performs pain release therapy. Which, from what I can tell is a fancy way of saying he inflicts pain on you with his bare hands and that somehow makes you feel better (That’s basically it. He treats nerve adhesions, which is is when scar tissue and the like from injuries or surgery obstructs the movement of and irritated nerve fibers. Physiotherapy for this is basically extremely painful deep tissue massage.). Kristene isn’t any less colorful; she’s a former stunt woman for film and television and she has lived in Costa Rica, Japan, and the Cook islands as well as other places. Her written works have appeared in a number of magazines and she was awarded the Surrey International Writers Conference Award in 2010. Today she lives in her native Canada with her husband.
Final Storm is their fourth book in a five book series. I've reviewed the other 3 (links at the bottom of the review) over the time of this review series and it's been a hell of a ride. Let me recap. Seg Eraranat is a cultural theorist. He’s trained to study foreign cultures, infiltrate them, determine their weak points and lead raiding teams on them to gather slaves (Woah! This is definitely applied cultural theory…) and vita for his culture, which refers to itself as the People (proving that creativity is a rare virtue as that's a common name used by tribal cultures everywhere [But Josh gets points for accuracy. In this context it has another meaning, as seemingly they don’t treat other cultures like..well...people!]). The slaves are used for labor and entertainment, vita is a... Well magical energy generated by belief and mass emotion. Over the course of three books, we seen Seg claw his way up from junior officer to warlord of a major organization that he personally built brick by scheming brick. Seg is cold, logical and ruthless because the People of his birth would have murdered him in his sleep if he was anything else (or maybe not like people…You know, it strikes me that a non-sociopath who has to do sociopath things is probably going to be a traumatized and broken person.), but we'll get back to him. The People have developed into a parasitical culture that only survives by raiding the unaware; the reason they have developed into a such a culture is the Storm. The Storm is a massive paranormal phenomenon that in some ways behaves as it namesake but it doesn't bring water and wind. The Storm brings death, sucking the life out of anything it touches. It has turned the world of the People into a wasteland incapable of supporting more than the barest scraps of life. It has afflicted the world of the People for generations untold to the point that the World (because of course the People can't think of any other name for it) before the Storm isn't even mythology anymore, although that frankly has more to do with what the People have turned themselves into. The People sustain themselves by the theft of lives and Vita, the vita goes to power the shields that protect their cities and the gates that allow them access to other worlds, that they may raid again. They force slaves to do all the labors that they find to dangerous, dirty, or deary to do themselves. The culture of the People has been drained of anything I would consider a redeeming value, as the men and women who made up that culture have embraced decadence and made virtues of being the kind of monsters who attack the unsuspecting to destroy their holy places and enslave their children. That said, the People having been running on borrowed time for generations and are about to learn one of the constants of the universe. All debts come due and must be paid, one way or another.
Seg has struggled throughout three books to try and create something redeeming, to forge a better way for his people even in the face of massive resistance. However he learned in the last book that there was no point in it, as he found another world that had been inflicted with the Storm. A world that had died completely. With this evidence in front of him, Seg realized there was simply no point in trying to reform his society. It was doomed, so instead Seg turned all his energies to escape (Damn. I would have descended into nihilistic ennui at that point and probably offed myself. Good for Seg!). He's going to get his people off the World and he's going to take as many of the victims of the People with him as he can. He faces enemies without in the form of the CWA (the institution that opposes the Cultural Theorist Guild that educated Seg in the first place) and enemies within, in the form of spies and traitors. At least he and Ama are reunited.
Amadahy Kalder, known as Ama for short, is not a member of the People. She's a Kenda, a racial group from another world that was raided by the People in the first book. Ironically, Seg was the point of the spear in that raid and they formed a relationship that led to Seg creating a temporary alliance with the Kenda because they were an oppressed people. Ama is also not a typical human, seeing as she’s developed gills. This is a huge cultural deal for the other Kenda in Seg's group. He recruited a number of Kenda to serve has his private armsmen. In fact we learn that there are a lot of variations on the human form across the multi-verse that the People stalk through. Which is interesting in and of itself. I would love to see more stories simply touring the wonders and horrors of this multi-verse. Mr. Simpson and Mrs. Perron, through hints and meeting various individuals through these stories, have created a multi-verse that is diverse and interesting. Amadahy has gone through a number of changes herself throughout this book series, including becoming the first person in recorded history to be taken by the Storm and returned. Because of that she has been granted powers and understanding beyond human ken, she has also been cursed with a hunger for Vita that makes her a danger to others if she cannot learn to control herself.
This is the most military of the books, and in a lot of ways it serves as the climax of Seg and Ama's story arc as they move ever closer to their final confrontation with the corrupt and venal edifices that govern the World. While Seg has decided the only worthwhile goal is to escape and save whatever he can, Ama hasn't given up on tearing everything down before she goes (Oh I like her…). This actually tells us a bit about Ama's character. While it's easy to think of her as the nice one in the pair, I have to point out that upon hearing that the People who have lived in terror of being drained by the storm their whole lives are going to be destroyed, she's the one who decides their ultimate demise is not enough. She has to personally tear down and ruin their awful society before she goes.
She might be the one more prone to act of kindness but you still don't want to get on her bad side. Ama spends a lot of this book trying to grapple with the changes the Storm made to her, both good and bad. While the Storm healed the damage that the People did to her body, it also made her something not all together human, and because of that she is finding herself the focus of supernatural belief amongst Seg's people. While a minority believe her to be some kind of demon, many more believe her to be some kind of Divinity, sent by the God of the Kenda to bring justice and deliverance. This creates some internal conflict as Ama does not believe herself to be anything close to Divine. Ama and Seg spend a lot of time together in this book, which I enjoy since they've been split apart for at least a book and a half. Their relationship is a actually a very healthy one, created by the fact that they talk things out and are very clear about their expectations and why they are doing the things that they are. This is supported by the fact that they have learned to trust one another, so when one of them says this is something that they’ve got to do, the other backs them to the hilt. Neither one of them plays second fiddle to the other mind you but they do learn to work together and make their goals complimentary. It's a great relationship and it's the kind we need to see more of in fiction.
Other characters show back up to grace the pages, the charming rogue Viren (who remains a favorite of mine) finds himself saddled with the one thing he’s always managed to avoid: responsibility. Seg makes him the commander of his army. We don't get to spend a lot of time with Viren but I enjoy every moment. Shan the cranky but gifted pilot returns as well, and continues her own character arc. I like how Shan has moved away from a typical member of the People and grown as a person without changing her fundamental personality. She may see individuals who aren't members of the People as people now but she’s still as full of social grace as an annoyed rhino. The fact that she's paired with Viren is kinda amusing, most writers wouldn't be able to make a pairing of such opposite personalities work but Mr. Simpson and Ms. Perron manage it with some flair. The ever loyal Mantu is here as well (although he doesn't get a lot of character work). Also with us is Gelsh, who was introduced in the last book as an escaped slave who was kidnapped from his world by the People. He's not only dealing with that, but adjusting to the fact that Ama is with Seg romantically (Ama had lost her memories last book and started a relationship with him before remembering [Ouch. That’s gotta hurt]). In addition to that, he’s dealing with all the changes being wrought on his society by Seg and Ama not the least of which is a new element of hope.
But Seg and Ama aren't the only people with plans. Within the Guild of Cultural Theorists, in the halls of the CWA, in the lower decks of Seg's own fortress, schemes and plots are all being hatched with conflicting goals and objectives. This is another element of the book that I enjoy: watching everyone craft their schemes, carefully set up their plots and set events into motion... Only for the last 150 pages to be a example of everything spinning out of control as all the plots and schemes slam into each other at high speed and start piling up. Our authors actually do a good show of what combat would be like as no plan survives enemy action and everyone is left doing frantic improvisation to achieve their goals. Ama and Seg have an advantage here as chaos is inherently helpful to them since among their goals is to wreck this entire loathsome den of evil and piss on the ashes on our way out but, that's balanced by the fact that their enemies are shown to be somewhat intelligent and capable of using their greater resource base to good effect. The fact that their enemies land real blows and cause real loses helps make the struggle seem more real and gives the victories that are achieved more weight. A number of those blows are also landed by random chance, not out of nowhere mind you but by factors that have nothing to do with the main plot, reminding us that Ama and Seg operate in a world that isn't strictly about them.
There's also a lot going on in this book and if you haven't read the past 3 books, you are going to be completely lost as to what’s going on. I would call this a self contained episode but one in a ongoing series that draws heavily on what happened before. Thus I would strongly advise starting at book I. Even if you have read the last couple of books, you're going to be finding yourself a little dizzy from the sheer speed. Although Mr. Simpon and Ms. Perron do try to put in some slow moments to let you catch your breath, this book has a lot of ground to cover and only so many pages to do it in. This is a hazard of having more than one viewpoint in your story. It lets you explore your world and your story more deeply but it also means that each character and story line has less total time to be focused on. For example Gelsh's issues kinda get pushed to the background; which is fair because we have a lot more important stuff to cover but we really don't see a point where he accepts Ama's relationship with Seg or comes to any decisions about Seg (Maybe he never actually does? Poor schlub.). This book also ends with the ever-dreaded cliff hanger and I have no idea when book V is coming out. So I am docking points for that. Still this was a great read and was a book that had a lot of payoffs if you are a fan of the series itself. For the record I do recommend getting the entire series (the first book is completely free in electronic format! You have no excuse! I'm only mostly kidding here.). That said I am giving Warp World Final Storm a B+. It would have hit an A- if not for the bloody cliffhanger.
See the other reviews here:
http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2017/04 ... ld-by.html
http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2015/10 ... gades.html
http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2014/10 ... oshua.html
Next week, we move forward on another series with Ancillary Sword! Keep reading!
Ancillary Sword
By Ann Leckie
Ann Leckie was born in 1962 and since then has lead an interesting life. She has by her own count been, a waitress, a receptionist, a rodman on a survey crew, and a recording engineer. She released her debut novel Ancillary Justice in 2013 while living with her husband and it received mass critical acclaim. I have reviewed the first novel and you can catch the link at the bottom of this review. She would follow up with two sequels (the first of which we are reviewing here) and additional works released in the same universe. She currently lives in St. Louis Missouri with her husband Dave and two children.
The most powerful human state in the galaxy is the Radchaai Empire. They come from a Dyson Sphere, led by the immortal and many bodied Anaander Mianaai, a single person who thousands of years ago decided to unify humanity under their rule. Anaander Mianaai is a single person spread across many minds through the use of technological implants, binding all those specially made bodies under a single personality and will. After unifying the peoples of the Dyson Sphere (because a Dyson Sphere is a big place, much, much bigger than Earth and look how many different cultures and peoples we have here) he led his fleets outward to annex planet after planet. To reduce the burden on his loyal citizens, he had the ancillaries created.
An ancillary is a cyborg human body with its personality destroyed and its mind linked to the AI of a military ship. In many ways it’s a high tech zombie. The person that used to be is dead and all that’s left is a body under the control of a foreign will and intelligence. Commanded by a small but capable citizen officer class, the ancillary armies and fleet of the Radchaai were unstoppable. Until they were stopped; halted by the intervention of a terrifying alien race who intervened in an indirect but unmistakable way by arming one of the planets that was being invaded by the Radchaai. The people of that system were utterly genocided by the order of Anaander Mianaai and a treaty that stopped the expansion was signed with the aliens. That decades-old genocide has had and is having consequences, however. Anaander Miannai has split themselves into two sides. One side believes that the genocide was a mistake and the treaty should be followed. The other side holds that they had every right to order the genocide and any action to limit or halt the expansion of the Radchaai (and therefore themselves) is an alien plot to destroy them. Breq, our main character, is one of those consequences and she is dealing with others throughout this book.
Breq was once One Esk, an ancillary (how is she an ancillary while maintaining an identity? The original personality is destroyed... {Justice of Toren had an identity and the Ancillaries are part of that identity}) on Justice of Toren, a massive troop ship that was destroyed in the opening moves of a civil war that Anaander Mianaai is fighting against themselves. In the last novel Breq was out to try and kill Anaander Mianaai, now she has a different mission. She’s been given a ship, Mercy of Kalr, and has been made a Fleet Captain (basically an admiral). She is heading for the Athoek system to try and make some effort at... Well I wouldn't call it redemption but perhaps restitution.
We often confuse the two in our society. This is partly because Christianity is so utterly a part of our cultural matrix that we tend to consider the two to be one in the same but they are honestly two different things. Redemption involves moving past the sin in question and becoming a better person who will not commit that sin anymore. Restitution involves trying to make amends or repayment for the sin or injury in question. You can redeem yourself without making restitution and make restitution without redemption. In Breq's case redemption is moot. The sin in question, the murder of a Lieutenant who was executed on the command of Anaander Mianaai for speaking up against an injustice, was not something she could have said no to. As an ancillary, she had no free will and as part of the Justice of Toren she could no more disobey the Lord of the Radchaai then I could fly just by standing in a field and wishing to. That doesn't mean Breq doesn't feel guilty or ashamed of those actions or that they feel that they are morally freed of responsibility for those same actions. Because of that, Breq is going to Athoek, where the younger sister of that Lieutenant is living in order to do whatever that sister asks of her to make whatever restitution she can.
Of course the universe isn't going to let Breq have it that easy. The unfolding civil war has led to a collapse in easy faster than light traffic leaving the system and Athoek very isolated. This means that in her capacity as a Fleet Captain, Breq will have to take steps to ensure the system's safety and continued good government. Assuming she can get the rest of the system government to agree with her idea of what good government is. Which might be a struggle in and of itself.
In the last book we got a good introduction to basic Radchaai culture. Their language has no genders (everyone is referred to using the feminine pronouns) for example. They also have a somewhat sophisticated polytheistic religion which lends itself rather well to assimilating the gods and goddesses of other cultures (because they believe that gods are simply expressions of universal focuses and powers and thus can be be expressed in many different ways). Story telling wise this is actually a good move, as it moves the Radchaai away from the sensibilities of 21st century Americans and allows us to look at a society that’s something other than America in Space! Or Great Britain in Space! Which is another favorite of space opera writers. This makes the society itself a character in the story and in all honesty lets the writer examine themes and flaws within that society without getting to mired in contemporary baggage.
Breq herself is a great character to have, she’s deeply familiar with the customs, beliefs, and actions of the Radchaai but is herself an outsider. She is after all not entirely human as you or I would think of it; she’s the remaining splinter of a Ship AI housed in a human body. The story is told entirely through Breq's point of view but because of her cybernetic implants, she is able to see things through the eyes of her ship and the station orbiting the world of Athoek. This actually helps get around a lot of the problems of a single viewpoint character and is fairly clever.
In Ancillary Sword, which is focused entirely on a single system we are given a much closer look at Radchaai culture, it's assumptions and the actual facts on the ground. Let me give an example. The Radchaai tell themselves that there are no ethnic divisions within the empire. Once annexed and civilized (or stripped of your culture and having it replaced by one more acceptable to your Radchaai conquers) all divisions based on language, religion, gender, and race, simply fade away under the benevolent light of civilization; and make no mistake the Radchaai do believe themselves benevolent. In Athoek however, we can see that those statements don't quiet hold up and that Radchaai civilization doesn't grip as deep into the planet's soil as many would like to think. The dominant ethnic group, the Xhai have made themselves very comfortable under Radchaai rule by collaborating, because of that their religious festivals are celebrated openly, Xhai are represented at the top levels of the system government and they fully reap the many benefits of empire. Other native ethnic groups like the Ychana however, are exiled to the outer fringes of society unless they fully assimilate and become Radchaai and even then there are invisible barriers. The Radchaai have kept control by mostly working on assimilating the Xhai further into Radchaai society and clearing space for people of other ethnic groups who assimilate, while ignoring those who don't.
Of course these are only the problems that Breq has to deal with the on the surface, her ship is not the only military ship in the system. While she outranks Captain Hetnys, the good Captain has been in the system for a considerable amount of time and knows about the civil war as well, so there are open questions about whether he has picked a side, will he pick a side, and if so what will he do. What has he done already? Breq has to look into this while dealing with an entirely new ship and a mostly new crew and figuring out the intrigues and intricacies of the system. She will have to deal with crime, social injustices, and possible international incidents. The book gives us a good ground eye's view of what it means to live in the Radchaai empire, where there are many who do benefit but also a good number of people who are ground down by the system. We also see the many justifications the people on the top of the ladder use for why the people at the bottom, well, stay at the bottom. It's never that the system is rigged against them after all, it's always their own fault that they can't climb up (if you ask the people already at the top of course). But you should remember that the people at the bottom have their own ideas and while they may be denied education and resources, that doesn't always make a person stupid. Sometimes it just makes them angry.
The book series as a whole has been very adept in considering the costs and hypocrisies of empire, because the plain truth of human existence is that you cannot build an empire without taking advantage of someone or some group of people. In this book we get to see a microcosm of the Radchaai empire, how the lies that the Radchaai tell themselves feed into the social problems that they're experiencing and in some ways made the civil war that’s being fought mostly covertly inevitable. Even when your ruling class is more or less a single mind, when it gets big enough, disagreement is inevitable. While the civil war doesn't take up much space in the book, it lingers in the background driving various characters motivations and beliefs, causing conflict and action.
This isn't the first space opera to take the stance that empires and imperialism are bad or evil of course. Empires are a staple of this kind of science fiction, both as settings, and as antagonist/protagonist factions. Space opera stories are full of the fall of empires, glorious rebellions of freedom against empires, the rise of empires, and the glorious victories of empires over dastardly rebel scum. What Ms. Leckie does here is take a moment to look at what empire means. An empire is a single group of people establishing a single political and economic rule over many different groups of people and often dictates a certain set of behaviors, many of them exploitative and oppressive. It's also true that empires are often massively beneficial to a great many of its subjects creating united trade routes, bringing greater cultural and economic opportunities but those benefits come at a cost often paid for by the people at the bottom of the heap.
Ms. Leckie prevents this from becoming an anti-imperialist screed by making these things part and parcel of the story by having Breq be more concerned with the immediate tasks of making government work for everyone while making the system safe for the one person she came to be of service to. By simply having those elements sitting there and having her characters deal with them explicitly, she does a better job getting people thinking about this than any moral haranguing. Ms. Leckie doesn't beat you over the head with moral stances but rather lets you see the situations and problems that arise from the Radchaai’s relentless push to empire and the conflict between their stated beliefs and actions. I honestly really enjoyed this story, although it's easy to get lost if you haven't read Ancillary Justice so I am applying a penalty for that. Additionally the pace can get a little slow in the book as a number of side plots are dealt with, with the main plot all wrapping up at the end. Because of that I am giving Ancillary Sword by Ann Leckie a B+. This is a good example of what modern space opera can be if it applies itself and it's a great example of rather good world building paired with interesting characters.
Next week, we finish the series! Join us for Ancillary Mercy, Keep Reading!
Review of Ancillary Justice can be read here: http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2015/10 ... eckie.html
Ancillary Mercy
I discussed Ms. Leckie just last week so let me discuss Orbit, the publishing company. Orbit is a science fiction and fantasy publishing company founded in 1974 as part of the Macdonald Futura publishing company. It has dedicated publishing teams in the UK and the US, with an Australian group established in 2006. It currently functions as a imprint of Little, Brown Book Group which bought the Macdonald Futura in 1992.
Ancillary Mercy was published in 2015 and received the Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel and nominated for a Hugo Award. It is the last book in the Ancillary trilogy, let's take a look. Fair warning, there will be spoilers for the last two books, so if you haven't taken a look at them yet you might want to come back to this review later.
Fleet Captain Breq was once an ancillary; a cyborg soldier controlled by a ship AI. In Breq's case that was the Justice of Toren (an interesting note is that Justice is a ship class, the Radchaai empire had three: Justices, Swords, and Mercies). The Justice of Toren was destroyed by the Lord of the Radchaai empire Anaander Mianaai when the ship reacted to an order to kill a ship's officer. Breq was the sole survivor, a lone shard of the ship AI housed in a single body. Over the last two books Breq has pursued her goals with the single-minded determination you would expect of a computer paired with the adaptability you would expect from a human being. Those goals being to gain a measure of revenge on Anaander Mianaai and to protect the closest kin of that murdered officer. Breq manages to be very human and very alien at the same time in this series, I'm not sure how much of this is from the alien culture of the Radchaai. That said, Fleet Captain Breq, has achieved everything she set out to accomplish. Of course, achieving your goals is great, but you also have to hold on to what you have. While Breq may have secured the system of Athoek, she now has to deal with the rest of the Galaxy and what it thinks of her actions.
Breq has just about faced down all opposition within the system, out maneuvering Captain Hetnys and using him as a hostage to keep his ship AI in line. In doing that, she made an ally (more or less) out of the local Station due to showing concern for the undergardens; a section of the Station that had been allowed to fall to neglect and cut off from the rest. As you might imagine this bred some resentment in the AI who was built to care about the station and look after the people who were living on it. Breq however stepped in and while there was some damage in the ensuing confrontation, it meant in the end that the undergardens will be rebuilt and reconnected with the rest of the station. Additionally, with the aid of the young Lt. Tisarwat (I'll get to her in a moment) she's built a political support base among the leaders of the station and the planet. However, Breq's plan of simply rebuilding the undergardens and letting the people who were living there illegally move right back and take up legal residence just makes too much sense to go unchallenged. In this case the head priest of the the Station takes it on himself to publicly protest this, pushing for the idea that the large spacious quarters of the newly refurbished undergardens go to the “right” kind of people instead of actual residents. This is fueled by the ethnic divisions I discussed last review. See the people living in the undergarden are all Ychana. A group that has stubbornly held to its own traditions and beliefs after conquest by the Radchaai. As a result they get to live at the bottom of the economic and social ladder of Athoek. Meanwhile the Xhai, an ethnic group that assimilated to Radchaai culture and ideals gets to be the dominant group in the system and some of them just can't stand the idea of a group of half criminal, barely civilized Ychana (as they think of them) getting anything nice. I'm not sure if this was intentional but this part of the novel almost works as a comment on gentrification (there’s no ‘almost’ about it).
Gentrification is a process that occurs in cities when low class neighborhoods for whatever reason find themselves being economically revived (read: bought out, eminent domained, condemned, torn down, and then rebuilt on the extreme end. Or simply… invaded by rich people who drive up the prices). The process brings in more affluent residents and can, unless counteracted, end up pushing out the original residents of the neighborhoods who find themselves unable to afford the rising rents and prices of their own homes. This is often resisted and can lead to conflicts between the lower class residences who understandably don't like being pushed out of their own homes and upper class residences who want their homes to be comfortable and convenient (And oh so fashionable! It’s a cycle. I could rant about for days…) I'm not sure if this was accidental or on purpose though so I don't want to put too much weight on this.
This event gives us another interesting look into Radchaai culture. The Radchaai live under a Dictatorship, with all authority under Anaander Mianaai; who is supposed to be perfect and just and never does anything wrong. As such voicing out loud that the government is being unjust is... Discouraged. Radchaai therefore protest things by voicing no such thing. The head priest for example simply sits out front of his temple and refuses to do any work whatsoever. This is a problem because Radchaai temples are where you register things like births, deaths, marriages and so on. Meanwhile a good number of normal citizens who are not upper or lower class have started their own protest of the Head Priest by standing in line. You see in the Radchaai empire you don't need to stand in line, you can call up your local government office set up an appointment or get anything you need hashed out with the Station AI directly. So why bother? Well, it makes a great form of protest against actions you are opposed to. Which shows us something, it doesn't matter how efficient and ruthless your security force is. It doesn't matter how constricting and hide-bound your society is: people will find ways to protest what they hate and people will find out why they're protesting. While station security panics a bit at this, Breq is smart enough to just allow both protests to continue and assign Lt. Tisarwat to finding a way around this. Let's discuss her now.
Lt. Tisarwat is a brand new officer who was assigned to Fleet Captain Breq's ship right before leaving for the Athoek system by Anaander Mianaai (it's amazing how much goes back to her isn't it?). The reason for this was simple: so the Lord of the Radchaai could have a presence in Athoek. Using ancillary implants Anaander Mianaai took the young officer, destroyed her personality and implanted her own into Lt. Tisarwat's body (Excuse me, I’ll be over here screaming in existential horror.). Breq figured this out and during the events of Ancillary Sword destroyed the Mianaai personality in turn. Leaving the body of Lt. Tisarwat alive but inhabited by someone who wasn't Lt. Tisarwat or Anaander Mianaai anymore. In Ancillary Mercy we get a closer look at just what that means. As you may remember kind readers, Anaander Mianaai is at war with herself; her personality is divided under the stress of having genocided an entire system and having been forced to make a treaty with the alien Presger forbidding further conquest. One side believes the Presger have infiltrated the Radchaai Empire to destroy it from within and that she was right to order the murder of every living man, woman, and child in a star system for the crime of resisting the Radchaai war machine too well. The other believes the Presger have done no such thing and it was a mistake to commit genocide. It was this later one who killed Lt. Tisarwat to hijack her body, Lt. Tisarwat was 17. What remains is a person who doesn't know who she is and is in need of great deal of help. The relationship between Tisarwat and Breq hovers on the parental, which makes sense because it's due to Breq's action that this new person even exists. Lt. Tisarwat also serves to remind us that even if one side of this civil war is kinder to Breq, in the end it's still a tyrant manic who thought that stretching her mind and personality across thousands of bodies and leading a campaign of conquest and destruction across of human space were perfectly reasonable and justified actions... On the basis that she wanted to. Anaander Mianaai, no matter which of her you speak to is someone who regards all human beings as mere tools to be used for her own ends. That's the problem when you declare yourself the final arbitrator of all that is just and good in the universe, what is just starts becoming whatever is most convenient for you.
To make matters worse, the other Anaander Mianaai is heading towards Athoek and this one has even less qualms then the one who murdered Lt. Tisarwat. This one regards Breq as her enemy and believes her to be an agent of the Presgar. This is complicated by the fact that a Presgar translator has shown up in Athoek. I've been dancing around this so let me address the Presgar briefly. The Presgar are an alien race of massive power and are, frankly, beyond our understanding. Before the treaty Presgar would, for lack of a better word, prey on humanity and its ships. Appearing without warning and disassembling whatever they got a hold of. Stations, cities, ships... People. The treaty, which the Presgar hold is with all humans because they don't understand the idea of political divisions it seems is a simple one. The Radchaai will not commit any more violence against other humans or other aliens. In return the Presgar recognize humanity as significant beings and therefore having the right to... Live. It's basically a ‘do what we tell you and we'll stop hunting you for sport’ kind of agreement. On the one hand, I'm not a huge fan but on the other if it keeps Mianaai contained and keeps aliens of immense power and unguessable motives from turning my internal organs into external wall decorations I suppose it's an acceptable sacrifice, as most of us like our insides staying that way.
Breq has to figure out what the partly human, mostly alien translator is here for while dealing with an invasion of Radchaai ships that outnumber and outgun her led by an implacable immortal maniac out of for her blood. She also has to do this fast as the longer she waits the more likely that Mianaai is going to start killing people. Luckily she's made allies, she has tools and she's willing to go all in. This is her final confrontation with the enemy and whether or not she'll survive will depend on not just her skills but the skill of her crew, officers and the AI's she's befriended along the way.
Ancillary Mercy is a adventure story set in a political upheaval as Breq attempts to stand away from the major events of her time but finds them coming to her no matter what she does. There’s a fair amount of subtle social and political commentary of the type that science fiction is great at delivering by putting these events in far off, fictional alien cultures. It manages to deliver that commentary without raising the reader’s defensiveness. It also helps that Breq doesn't preach about the flaws in her society or go on long rants but instead simply exists in her society and doesn't pull back from it's flaws. She does attempt to fix what she can and limit the damage done when she can't but not in service to any political agenda beyond basic decency. Which I can appreciate. While it looks like this book is the end of Breq's story, Ms. Leckie leaves a lot of room for further stories set in this universe and I hope she continues to explore it. I'm giving Ancillary Mercy by Ann Leckie an A-. Give it a spin.
Next week we change gears a bit with the Bookburners, season I. Keep Reading!
Bookburners season I
By Max Gladstone, Margaret Dunlap, Mur Lafferty, Brian Francis Slattery
In the grim darkness of last November, I reviewed a book called “The Witch That Came In From The Cold”. It told an interesting story but the thing that set it apart (other then it's setting and characters but I digress) was the fact that it was written episodically. The book was a collection of episodes, each telling a complete story set within a greater story line. I discussed that at length in that review and I think it was recent enough that I won't repeat it. If you haven't taken a look at it, I would encourage you do so and then come back here. There will be a link at the bottom of this review. Now let's take a look at the authors of this work.
Max Gladstone was born in 1984 and studied Chan poetry and late Ming Dynasty fiction at Yale, then lived and taught Anhui province which is one of the smallest and more undeveloped provinces of the People's Republic of China. As you might imagine he speaks Chinese, he also sort of reads Latin and is strangely proud of having a horse in Mongolia throw him (I think I like this guy). Margaret Dunlap is a producer and writer, known for among other things, The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, Eureka and more. Mur Lafferty was born in 1973 and is an American podcaster and writer. She was the host of Escape Pod from 2010 to 2012 and is the creator and host of I Should be Writing (why does that phrase echo in my backbone?). She is also the editor in chief of the short fiction magazine Mothership Zeta. Last but not least is Brian Francis Slattery, an American writer and editor at the New Haven Review, he has also written four novels with two of them taking place in a collapsed United States.
Bookburners however takes place in our own modern world, just in the part of the world most of us can't see. Our world with our concepts of orderly natural laws, is an island amidst an ocean of chaos. In that ocean of chaos live sea monsters, both great and small. When human wade out from the island we've painfully built for ourselves or dig a metaphorical channel for these monsters to come inland, we call that magic. Magic is dangerous. It's laws, if there are any, are obscure and full of exceptions. To deal in magic is to traffic more often then not with monsters or to deal with powers you can't understand. Your average magic user is a toddler with a set of medical scalpels, running loose in a kindergarten (Sounds like excellent Evil Medical School recruitment material. Wait what? Did I say that out loud?). To prevent the destruction of civilization and keep our world from being overrun by monsters from beyond the pale the Catholic Church (I feel like there are a lot of Helsing and Reformation jokes I could make here) has assembled a number of teams under the banner of the Societas Librorum Occultorum with a single mission. That mission is to hunt down magical artifact, relics, and above all else books; stop any active magic due to these objects; contain the magical object in question; and bring it into the Vatican Library (And now there’s a heist movie. Liberate libros!). Books are the single most dangerous of the items in question, not only because they can spread the knowledge of magic but because most magical books have sealed within them beings that we can only call demons due to their power and sheer disregard for human life and dignity. However the members of the Societas Librorum are also racing against the tide, because more and more magical events are happening every year and sooner or later one of them is going to spin out of control and become uncontainable. They aren't the only people aware of this however, there are a great many organizations and private individuals who seek to control or at least understand magic. These people also seek out the books, to use them or make deals with the creatures imprisoned within them.
None of that would be a concern for New York Police Detective Sally (Sal) Brooks. She just wants to be a good cop and be able to deal with the things she sees while on duty. However when her little brother Perry shows up at her apartment panicking because of a book he found, claiming he's being followed by “them” she finds herself pulled into a world that she had no idea was there. This is because the book that Perry found is called the Liber Manus, or The Book of the Hand in English, and is one of those books that could end the world if it isn't kept closed and locked away. Confronting the demon locked in the book that has taken over her brother takes a heavy toll and Perry is left comatose after suffering a demonic possession (Ouch. How did she confront the demon? Did she find an old priest and a young priest in the middle of a crisis of faith?). From there Sal finds herself assigned to Team Three, the team whose job is to find, confront, and contain the books and the problems they create. Sal is our viewpoint character as a rookie and an outsider on the team as she works to prevent magic from destroying lives; she also peels back the secrets of her team, the society it works for, and the Catholic church itself .
She's working alongside some interesting folks as well. There's Liam, a computer hacker whose life was torn apart when he dabbled with powers he didn't understand. Rescued by team three, he's a bit of a fanatic and is downright frightened of magic. This leads to him clashing with Asanti, the archivist and senior member of the team who studies magic and is less frightened and more fascinated by it. Grace, a woman from China whose relationship with the team and with magic itself is...it’s complicated but she provides the muscle needed to confront the things that go bump in the night. Father Arturo Menchu is a Catholic Priest and the leader of the team, his feelings towards magic are closer to Liam's as his introduction was the destruction of his home and loved ones while he was trying to save them. That said he tempers those feeling with his faith and his desire to help people. So as you can see even within the team there is a fair amount of conflict over what to do with magic in general. This actually makes the team and the people on it feel more real and it makes magic feel more real within the story. The team isn't a hive mind with everyone agreeing and anyone who doesn't being automatically wrong. Instead these are people with very individual reactions due to their specific experiences that inform their stances and prejudices. They do care about each other and are willing to put their lives on the line for each other. That doesn't mean there aren't times where they simply don't like each other very much or where their disagreements don't run the risk of driving them apart.
For that matter, as you might have guessed Team Three isn't the only team on the Catholic Church's roster. Team One, is who you call in when the only solution is pure violence (Even more Helsing jokes). They're a cross between magically powered special forces team and an anti-monster SWAT team. Meanwhile Team Two is the cover up team, removing evidence, planting false evidence, making sure witnesses stay quiet and they do this through some rather questionable means at times. So even while Team Three has its own disagreements they also have bigger disagreements with the other teams which are in turn dwarfed by their disagreements with the other side. So you get less of a feeling of a well managed organization devoted to a common goal and more of an unstable alliance of people with common experiences and understandings who dislike what the bad guys are planning more than what their allies are. What do I like about this is that the writers don't shy away from showing the implications and fall outs of such thing and make it pretty clear that this is a result of a failure of leadership (I feel like there’s some social commentary here.). When you have teams in your organization with such diverse responsibilities and goals there's going to be tension and rivalries. This is normal and in some ways healthy! When your teams turn into opposing ideological camps however, you've failed to keep everyone focused on their common mission and the things that bind them gather. Speaking from my own experience this could have been prevented by cross training and having members of each team working with an opposite number from another team for a mission or three. There are also certain operatives that should have had choke chains applied to their necks a lot sooner but you'll have to read the book for that (Next time on Adventures in Management Failure…). Either way the teams could have been prevented from descending into such open ideological differences with some basic leadership.
That said , it's this ideological conflict over how we should treat and interact with magic that drives the overarching story; while many of the episodes are focused on chasing down magical artifacts and the monsters that love them. There are as I mentioned entire societies devoting themselves to studying or using magic and they exist in a state of conflict with the teams of the Catholic Church. So I find myself less interested in their conflicts with the demonic creatures of darkness and more with their conflicts with other human beings. This is because the conflict with the demons that show up here is fairly simple. They want to destroy our civilization and reduce us to chattel and livestock. We don't want that and work to stop them. There's frankly not a lot of room for argument there, you’re either for or against us. Don't get me wrong, there's still a lot of compelling storytelling that can be told in a conflict like this and the writers of Bookburners manage to tell a good, compelling story with raising stakes in such cases. For me however, it's when the team comes face to face with a collector of books who is actively seeking the very powers they're trying to lock away and they have to deal with the ramifications of such things that is way more interesting.
Another thing I like is how magic is portrayed in this book. In a lot of fantasy series, magic is basically a tame force. It responses predictability and consistency with any risk in it's practice being given lip service at best. This can work perfectly fine in a fantasy setting on another world but in an urban fantasy setting that takes place in our world, you're left asking... Why isn't the use of magic public and openly studied if it's so predictable and safe? In Bookburners, there's nothing predictable or safe about the use of magic. Magic means dealing with alien and often malevolent intelligences to alter the universe in direct defiance of the physical laws we know and understand. It means playing with forces whose rules we do not and maybe are unable to understand and as such the reactions of our poking it are unpredictable. Something as innocent as a wish to make your restaurant the best restaurant in town can end up enslaving your wait staff and turning your kitchen into some strange meat pit from hell (Welcome to Meat Hab). Simply reading from the wrong book can end up burning out your brain and tearing out your soul, leaving you a puppet to an invading force that considers sapient thought the prefered spice for a good meal. When magic behaves like that and carries enough risk that the average magician can accidentally end human civilization through a round of drunk casting, it makes perfect sense for large groups of powerful people think that it simply isn't worth the risk of poking. This is a force that makes things like gunpowder and electricity look like a child's toy in its potential to destroy and ruin. So even if you don't entirely agree with the Catholic Church's methods and goals... You understand why they're doing this because magic set free doesn't just pose a risk to individuals but to everyone. On the flip side, we see just enough potential for what magic can do that we can see why some people would think it's worth the risk (I’ll be honest… I’d be really tempted to Read the Latin(™){This is why you never get recruited to fight ye olde powers of darkness}). The magic here has more to do with H.P Lovecraft then Disney.
This is one of the better urban fantasies I've read lately, if one of the darker ones. There are a lot of mature themes in this story and it's held up by well done characterization of all the members of Team Three. It helps that while Sal is our viewpoint character, we do get to spend time in the heads of each team member and we get to understand not only what they think but why they think it. The writers also do an amazing job of keeping the tone of the work and treatment of the characters fairly consistent throughout the book even through each episode in the book has a different writer. That can be hard to do and takes a lot of communication and trust between the members of the group. So I would like to take a moment to congratulate the four authors of this book just for that accomplishment. Not to mention taking a group that in many stories would be the bad guys and giving them their own space to present their case. Bookburners by Max Gladstone, Margaret Dunlap, Mur Lafferty and Brian Francis Slattery gets an A from me. You can pick up the print version like I did on Amazon or your local bookstore or buy the season digitally from serial box, see the link below.
Whew... I just finished and reviewed a book with... 790 pages... In a week. I think it's time for something short readers. So next week, we're returning to the dwarves, join us for a graphic novel. Keep Reading!
You can read bookburners on line at https://www.serialbox.com/serials/bookburners?season=1
You can read my review of The Witch Who Came in from the Cold at http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2017/11 ... eated.html
Dwarves Vol 6: Jorun of the Forge
by Nichols Jarry, Art by Pierre Denis Goux
“He's a legend and I'm nothing” Jorun, son of Redwin.
In the dim past of March 2017, I reviewed a French fantasy comic with the rather undescriptive title of “Dwarves”, written by the prolific Nichols Jarry; who has a large number of comics and novels to his name in his native France published by Delcourt comics. They are still the 3rd largest publisher of comics within the French publishing world. It was then that I learned something marvelous and very frustrating. Despite our long political alliance and the fact that France is our 3rd largest trading partner in Europe, there doesn't seem to be a lot of exchange between us in regards to entertainment and fiction. There is some don't get me wrong, we all joke about French Art Films (I'm sure they joke about American Action Films) and such. But perhaps through an accident of history, we honestly get more comics, movies, and video games from Asia; especially from South Korea and Japan, or at least not a lot of French products end up here. I'm sure if this review series has any French fans, they would be quick to inform me that there is quiet enough American entertainment in France but back to the comic. The comic I reviewed was Volume I: Redwin of the Forge (go read it!), which dealt with the struggles of Redwin, a young Dwarf who had to learn how to control himself and just what it was he wanted in the world. I found the comic fascinating and bought the follow up volumes that, while set in the same world, did not really connect with Redwin's tale. Until now.
Jorun, our main character for this story, is Redwin's youngest son. Redwin has retired and given up on a life of violence and death, preferring to focus on being a blacksmith, husband, and father. For the most part he manages it but every child brings special challenges. In this case it's Jorun, a son who in his own eyes has inherited none of his father's talents in blacksmithing and fighting, but he has inherited his father's nearly bottomless rage and self loathing. It doesn't help that Jorun's older brother Ulrog (named for his grandparents) is a exceptionally talented smith and fighter; as well as charming, friendly and well... everything Jorun isn't,and that only feeds that rage further. This is sparked by a accident in Redwin's forge where Jorun scars himself as a young child and sets the tone for his entire life. People tell him what he should do to avoid getting hurt and angry with the world and he ignores them. He then gets hurt and lashes out. This pattern continues throughout his childhood with his Father trying to reign him in and only pouring fuel on the fire. This leaves both of them completely at the end of their rope with each other. Part of it is Redwin seeing himself in Jorun, his younger, self destructive, angry self that left a trail of death and ruin in his wake. Part of it is Jorun so damn sure that he’s inherited nothing of value from his father and refusing to consider any other options. This continues until after one last escalation, Redwin decides that there's only one step he can take to avoid a future where he and his son try to kill each other. He takes his youngest son and inducts him into the Iron Legion.
The Iron Legion is a mercenary army that takes in the reckless, the desperate, those with no hope and no future. It's a place where those accused of crimes or rejected by their families or even those who simply can find no other way to live can start over. All the Legion asks is utter obedience to their code, relentless training, and that you abandon your past and consider the Legion your new family. If this sounds like the Foreign Legion for Dwarves, you wouldn't be far wrong I think. Redwin sends his youngest son to them, leaving Jorun a magic sword as his birthright. Jorun for his part cuts himself off from his family entirely, burning the letters his Mother sends to him and burying himself in the Legion life. It's here that Jorun finds the mentor he needs, who strangely enough was an apprentice of Jorun's grandfather Ulrog. I mentioned in my last review that Ulrog's life was an utter mystery and here we are only given slight hints and clues. What did Ulrog have to do with the Iron Legion? Why did he leave? What drove him to adopt a strict pacifism that he would only drop to save his son's life? Under new mentorship, Jorun manages to contain his rage enough to have friends and even a lover but he's still just holding it back and he still cannot restrain his self loathing. However, he's going to have to learn to come to peace with not just himself but with his family and his past. Because his Father's past is coming and if they can't figure out how to deal with it, there might not be anyone around for Jorun to be angry with anymore. Because ye olde forces of darkness are marching on Dwarf lands once more and the divided Fortress states are dithering and quibbling instead of uniting. Jorun is going to have to decide what is most important to him and make decisions that will dictate the rest of his life from there on out.
This is a story about family, what brings it together and what drives it apart. Whether it be a Mother's love for her son, or a Father frustration with being unable to communicate with his son or a son's inability to look past his self loathing and anger with the world. Like Redwin, Jorun has to learn to deal with his flaws and find his place in the world. The writing is well done, Jorun is not a very likeable character bluntly but he is sympathetic in a way, as you realize as much as you might dislike him, Jorun dislikes himself even more. That said he doesn't whine about it, this book wasn't dripping in angst but it does dictate his actions. The art as always is amazing. The Dwarves look distinctive from humans even without the height difference and it's done without venturing into the uncanny valley. The action is captured in a very dramatic style and the colors are used in very nice way. That said, I do have to state for the record that the Iron Legion armor design is bloody ridiculous. Stop layering spikes everywhere guys, it's actually more dangerous for the guy wearing the armor then anyone else and makes standing in a shield wall or any other close formation an act of bloody insanity. You cannot stand in close file if the spikes layered all over the guy next to you are as likely to stab you as the enemy. Still that only real complaint I have here. So I'll be giving Dwarves Vol 6: Jorun of the Forge an A.
Next Week? We head eastward, join us for Log Horizon volume 9. Keep reading.
This review edited by Dr. Ben Allen
Read my review of Volume I here: http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2017/03 ... ge-by.html
Log Horizon Vol IX: Go East Kanami
By Mamare Touno
So once again we have returned to the world of Log Horizon, where thousands of players found themselves trapped in the world of Elder Tales, a MMORPG turned real. The trapped players aren't helpless because they’ve awoken in the bodies of their characters and have gained their in-game powers and abilities. Through the actions of Shiroe, in Akiba (Which is geographically Japan, we’ll get to that later), a government has been hammered together to bring rules to the interactions between player. Peace has been made with the People of the Earth, who in the game were computer run NPCs; but are now sapient people with their own goals, desires, and feelings. That's Japan though, where the last 8 novels have focused but what about the rest of the world? Volume IX attempts to give us a bit of a peek at the rest of the world. As such it doesn't feature any of the characters from the last eight novels but instead gives us an entirely new group battling it's way across Asia to reach Japan. Let's met these folks.
Kanami, while never directly featured has been mentioned and discussed before in the series, as she was the leader and instigator of the Debauchery Tea Party, the old group where Shiroe, Naotsugu, and Nyanta meet and formed their friendship. Kanami back then was playing a swashbuckler but now is playing a monk and was online when the game pulled everyone in. Only she was in Europe living in Italy, with her husband (who was a member of Doctors without Borders) and young daughter. As such she's fairly interested in getting back to Earth. Kanami is a fairly whimsical woman, whose main motivation is seeing new and exciting things, but she is also a lot smarter then she lets on and fairly brave. For example looking around the chaos of Western Europe, she was able to find and recruit two powerful companions and logically figure out her best bet in achieving her goals. Kanami wants to get back to Earth, to that end she needs to figure out what exactly happened. Odds are high that it is related to the new expansion, Homesteading the Noosphere, which was only fully implanted on the Japanese servers before everyone was transported to the world of Elder Tales. Therefore she needs to get to Japan. Given how most characters are busy losing their minds in reaction to being transported to a fantasy world that looks like a video game they were playing... That's pretty impressive. Let's look at the people she's recruited for this.
KR is another member of the Debauchery Tea Party that Kanami was able to link with. He's a summoner, a magic class that makes its bones by summoning spirits and creatures to do their fighting for them. KR had decided to scout out the parts of Asia closest to Japan and used a summoner skill where he transported his conscious into the body of such a servant. In this case a horse like creature called a hakutaku from Chinese myth. KR isn't able to do much more than advise as while the hakutaku is fast and able to travel quickly for long periods of time, it's not really a combat monster. That's okay because Kanami has other members of the party to do the actual fighting and it's not like she's a lightweight in a fight being at max level. That said she does have company on the front line.
Elias Hackblade, is an Ancient, a turbo powered NPC. The Ancients were high powered NPCs who played a major part in the video game's backstory. They were presented as the last line of defense for the People of Earth, powerful magic users and knights who stand between them and extinction. However all the Ancients have disappeared leaving the People of the Earth dependent on the Adventurers (the players who have found themselves stranded) in the exact moment that the Adventurers are least able to serve the role. Elias himself was locked into a magical sleep until Kanami found him and rescued him, thinking that such a powerful NPC might be helpful. Elias had a fairly unique backstory written out out for him but with a rather harsh weakness. He can't actually kill monsters with his powers, as that would be kill stealing from the PCs. Back when Elder Tales was just a game, Elias was just a background character but now he's a person with his own powers of reason and motivation. Elias wants to find out what happened to the other Ancients, why it happened and who did it because if someone out there can wipe out every powerful NPC, it's likely they don't have good things planned for the people of this world. He and Kanami aren't alone however.
Coppelia is an interesting character in her own right. A high level cleric who Kanami found in France, she doesn't really have goals of her own but is content to follow where Kanami leads. We learn that she does however have her own reasons for heading to Japan even if she was unlikely to do so on her own. I can't really discuss her however without dropping large spoilers so I'll just say this: it's her relationships with the other characters in this book that are pivotal or maybe I should say relationship with one certain character that's important. Let's talk about him shall we?
Leonardo, named for a popular hero who is a ninja but totally not a turtle, is a New York Geek who fled his hometown during the chaos of the change (the world of Elder Tales actually uses a half size map of Earth, which is kind of clever. I mean think of it, you could simply use Google Earth to design your overworld, that has to save on some man hours). He did so by leaping through a not completely functional fairy ring, an instant teleportation device meant to ease travel between cities. The darn thing dumped him in Central Asia of places. Because of the lack of player base in Central Asia, it's very undeveloped in game content but as Leonardo finds out, underdeveloped doesn't mean completely undeveloped as he finds himself trapped in a raid event all by himself until Kanami and her crew get him out. Leonardo makes for an interesting change but is also honestly the weakest character here and I don't mean combat-wise. Most of Leonardo's character arc is taken up realizing things that we already know or seeing him commit to being a hero like his name sake. We've kinda seen this arc in the series, most effectively in Shiroe himself. So... Why is he even here then? Don't get me wrong, he's a cool character but I don't see what he's bringing to this story that hasn't been done already.
Additionally, I'm not convinced on Leonardo's Americaness. He doesn't act like the New Yorkers I've known, nor does he act like an American Geek. Instead his actions and preconceptions match pretty closely with the Japanese characters we've already seen. As far as I know Mr. Touno has never spent a lot of time in the United States, so I'm not shocked that he's not quite able to nail an American character in his first attempt. For that matter this isn't a unique thing on his part, I've noticed European writers have problems writing North American cities and characters as anything but Europeans with slightly different accents and I'm pretty sure there are North American writers who have utterly failed to get European characters (if you’re a European fan feel free to name names in the comments!). Now I'm not saying that any nation or people is a hive mind and all Europeans, Japanese, or North Americans will act or think or even believe the same things but there are cultural habits, beliefs and actions that make us different from one another. I've been lucky enough to speak to French men, English folks, Indonesian students, and people from Vietnam and East Timour; and we all approach things from a place that's informed by what we're taught growing up, our experiences, and places in life. An American Geek who models himself on a Ninja Turtle (sorry, frog) isn't going to act like a Japanese shut in. I suppose that while we should always remember the things that bring us together and that we have in common, we also need to keep in mind our differences as well.
Through this story we're given a peek at the rest of the world and we're shown that Akiba's government is a rare thing, perhaps the only example of it's kind in the whole world. A government where guilds cooperate with each other and the People of the Earth. I'm not entirely sold on that either but I'm willing to go along with it to see what Mr. Touno does with that. Although I would admit in such a real life situation I would be a touch disappointed in my fellow Americans. I mean really guys, not one of you would not try to follow the example of James Madison and write a Constitution? Not one of you would try to be George Washington, or at least Thomas Paine? Okay, I'm being silly here, this is a Japanese story and I shouldn't be surprised that Japan and the Japanese take center stage. The book also gives us information on the different character classes, it appears each server got a pair of it's own unique classes and I like that touch. It's something I could see a computer game company doing to help drum up local interest. Log Horizon Volume IX is interesting in it's change of scene, Mr. Touno clearly has been to Central Asia and admits as much with his vivid description of the environment and the sky. He also introduces new plot elements and clues in the ongoing mystery of how the hell did this happened. That said, Leonardo kinda brings the story down and having to suffer through the same character arc only from square one is a bit grating. The other characters help to an extent but I find myself asking why couldn't Kanami have center stage instead of Leonardo, as she at least has her shit together and it's her goals and agenda driving the plot in the first place, not to mention it's her name in the title. Log Horizon Volume IX: Go East Kanami by Mamare Touno gets a C+ from me. Not awfully done but Mr. Touno should be more careful in retreading the same character arc over and over.
Man, now I want to review some Ninja Turtles. You know what let me post our schedule.
Next Week, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, the IDW Collection I.
After that, Delcourt Comics, Elves I
We'll kick off June with Maus Vol I and then Vol II.
Then we go historical with Trail of Hop and Black Wings.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles IDW Vol: I
By Kevin Eastman and Tom Waltz
The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles were first created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird in 1984. The story being that during a brainstorming session Mr. Eastman sketched out a ninja turtle with a pair of nunchucks and everybody thought it was hilarious. The first issue of the comic (funded by a tax refund and a small loan from a relative) was partially meant to parody comics like Daredevil (the Foot Clan was inspired by Marvel's Hand clan of ninja's) and Ronin who were going through a celebrated run of stories using a gritty and dark tone. The first issue had all of three thousand printings and mostly sold at a local convention, but it caught attention because, dear readers, this was the eighties and there were powerful forces afoot in our entertainment industry: the Turtles caught the attention of the toy companies. By 1987 there was a cartoon series that would last for ten seasons (with more cartoon series that would come in the 21st century), later would come live action movies, more toys, a rock-band tour and of course during all of this was comic book after comic book. The Turtles survive to this day, despite the best efforts of Hollywood. Let's talk about the series creators first and I'll talk about Tom Waltz, who wrote specifically for this comic book series.
Kevin Eastman was born in Portland, Maine, in 1962. He was following a waitress he had met while working in a restaurant (He was dating this waitress, right? Not like, just following her? Because the way you put this is really up for interpretation{No idea, no source says, anyways it's not part of the review}) when he met Peter Laird. They founded Mirage Studios, the name was chosen because, having no money or facilities, the studio was more of a mirage than anything else (Okay, that’s actually pretty damn funny as far as I’m concerned). Eastman would try a number of things out besides creating the Ninja Turtles, such as founding Tundra Publishing (now defunct) and was the owner of Heavy Metal from 1992 to 2014.
Peter Laird, was born in North Adams, Massachusetts in 1954. Before the Ninja Turtles he was trying to scratch out a living doing illustrations for the local newspaper (which paid him the grand sum of $10 a picture) and local fanzines (I'll talk about these another day). It was that experience that lead Mr. Laird to set up a press kit for the release of the Ninja Turtles which helped them grab attention. Additionally Mr. Laird's Uncle actually loaned him the money to set up Mirage Studios, something that profoundly affected him. This led him to founding the Xeric Foundation, a charitable organization that would award grants to comic book creators to help them self publish. In twenty years they would award over 2.5 million dollars.
Now, Tom Waltz is a former active duty Marine serving during Desert Storm, he also served in the California National Guard, he is currently an editor for IDW and served as a writer for this graphic novel.
This collection serves as a reset on the Turtle Origin story. While a good amount of it is left the same as the other comic origins (where the Turtles and Splinter were lab animals, not pets accidentally exposed to the mutagen ooze). The turtles origin is in a botched case of corporate espionage, as they and the mutagen were stolen from the lab they were housed in by Foot Ninjas only for that to be foiled by Splinter in his pre-mutated state. Added is something only referred to a Psychotropic Compound, something that was injected into Splinter greatly increasing the rat's intelligence (thus he was a lab rat with human intelligence before he was mutated) and triggering something odd. Because in this origin the biggest deviation is the interjection of reincarnation. Splinter is not the pet rat of Hamato Yoshi, the wronged and murdered foot ninja, nor is he the ninja mutated into a rat. Instead he is the reincarnation of Hamato Yoshi and being injected with the Psychotropic Compound not only altered his physiology (as his blood now produces the compound) but awakened those memories within him. The turtles are also reincarnations, in this case the reincarnations of Hamato Yoshi's son's murdered by the Shredder many years ago. The turtles themselves don't have any memories of their prior lives but are able to learn the ninja arts at an accelerated rate, possibly due to being exposed to Splinter's blood when they were stolen by Foot Ninjas and rescued by Splinter (Oh wow… this is actually really touching in a way…). New characters are also introduced; in this case the figure of Old Hob, a mutated stray cat. His grudge against our heroes is the result of that botched break out, as a stray cat he tried to nab one of the turtles and fought Splinter. Splinter was injured and left bleeding, but Old Hob lost an eye and didn't get his meal. Old Hob seems to have taken that fight personally and made it his mission to kill the turtles and Splinter. Old Hob has also been exposed to the Psychotropic Compound through contact with Splinter's blood and uses his new intelligent for the twin goals of building an empire on the streets of New York and gaining blood soaked revenge on Splinter for daring to defend his loved ones.
There are also plenty of returning characters. April O'Neil returns as a college student, who while working as an intern Sees Too Much (™). Also we have Casey Jones, who returns as a troubled youth with a heart of gold and a drunken abusive father. Casey Jones is also Raphael’s best friend in this version and they get together at least once a week to cruise the streets and beat up criminals (Awww, they’re bonding!). There are also enemies that return here, such as the Shredder (can't really have a Turtles series without him can we?), along side of the Shredder are Kari, his granddaughter and right hand woman as well as the gang bangers Rocksteady and Bebop, although they aren't mutants yet (Aww man!). Also present in the background is the alien general Krang and taking center stage in this graphic novel, Baxter Stockmen, who was experimenting on the Turtles as a weapon development project for Krang. In this series, Baxter is a scientist and successful businessman. In fact he's the guy who develops the mutagen from the ooze provided to him by Krang. He also played a key role in the development of the psychotropic compound, but for reasons unexplained isn't able to replicate his work and as such funds (but doesn't aide) Old Hob on his quest for revenge as long as he gets Splinter's body reasonably intact at the end.
This is an origin story, a retelling of the origins of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and their enemies. As such they do make it a point to make the characters work to find out just who the Foot Clan are and why Old Hob is hunting them. The series doesn't drag it out, knowing full well that most of us already know the answers to these questions so there's not much to be gained to prolonging the story. That said there are things that this series does pretty well. Perhaps due to the reincarnation angle, the feud between Shredder and Splinter feels more visceral, more driven by rage and loss then previous versions I'd seen. Additionally each of the Turtles gets an issue to themselves allowing work to be done on their characterization. The Turtles feel like individuals with their own family dynamics within the unit. Donatello, isn't just the smart nerd in the back, he's the one who openly doubts the idea of them being reincarnated people and is the one most willing to question Splinter while at the same time showing nothing but love and respect for his father. This makes him rather independent in a lot of ways. Leonardo is given more to do then just be consumed by the martial arts. He's the most spiritual of the group, the most willing to explore the idea that he might have been a Japanese teenager at one point in the past who was murdered by a warlord. He is also the Turtle most prone to accepting everything Splinter tells him, which is both a strength and weakness. Raphael is the angrest of the group but is also the first one to make a human friend. While he has a good amount of rage within, it's balanced by a desire to honestly help people. He's the one most likely to jump into a situation to help someone in trouble. Michelangelo might enjoy pizza and partying but he's also the biggest social creature out of the four and out of all of them seems to want to be able to be a part of human society the most. He's also the peace maker of the group, being the one to step in when any of the others are on the verge of brawling and reminding them of what's important.
This series carries the themes of revenge and family. Splinter wants revenge for not just his murder as Hamato Yoshi but the murder of his wife Tang Shin and their four sons. Old Hob wants revenge for his eye. What separates the two of them is that Splinter puts his love for his sons first and is willing to give up vengeance if it will be better for his children, showing a true devotion to fatherhood. Meanwhile Old Hob hates everything alive. The Turtles themselves are bound by brotherhood against a world that would hate and fear them if it knew they existed. On the flip side of that Shredder, Kari and the Foot Clan are held together by toxic and abusive versions of the family bonds that the Turtles display. We also see this in April O'Neil and Casey Jones, Jones family fell apart when his Mother died, his Father crawled into a bottle and never came back. Because of that Jones life is slowly circling the gutter and street violence is really his only outlet left. Meanwhile April's father has suffered a stroke but her family has pulled together to ensure his well being and that April finishes college. Having all these different versions of family as well as a look at revenge (for example Splinter certain has a better complaint then Old Hob but is willing to abandon it for the safety and well being of his sons. Old Hob won't drop his complaint even to save his own life) really ties the graphic novel together. I also found it a good buy in that it had 12 issues and 4 stand alones all brought together so it weights in at over 300 pages. Not bad in a world of shrinking comic page counts and rising prices. I'm giving Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Vol I an A.
Next week, Elves.
Elves Vol I: Crystal of the Blue Elves
By Jean Luc Istan
Art by Kyko Duarte
Elves, a French fantasy comic published by Delcourt, is set in the same world as Dwarves. This volume was written by Jean Istan, a screenwriter, comic book author, and designer who was born in August of 1970 in Pontivy. The lead artist is Kyko Duarte who was born in Spain in 1975 and started out in advertising before branching into the world of comics. But let's turn to the comic. Elves is set in the same world as the Dwarves series but focuses instead on the Elvish peoples. The Elves are of this world are immortal beings unless killed by violence or accident and are highly varied, as they have spread out to a number of environments. There are 19 graphic novels in the series at the time of this review, each one focused on a specific group of Elves.
Crystal of the Blue Elves is a story of the Blue Elves, unsurprisingly. We would call them Sea Elves I think, because they live near the water and have a strong affinity for water and water magic. They are also a very calming shade of blue. The story itself is divided between two plot lines which intersect toward the end. The first plot revolves around the discovery, by a Blue Elf adventureress named Lanawyn and her human friend Turin, that all the Elves of Ennlya, a small port town have been savagely murdered. Among the dead a dagger of Yrlan is found, the Yrland are a group of humans whose King, named Rinn, hates the Blue Elves because they have the audacity to refuse him fishing and sailing rights in certain areas. However, while the Yrlan are a war like bunch and likely good fighters, it does seem strange that they could massacre an entire town of Blue Elves with no witnesses and leave behind a single dagger. Not to mention this is out of character for them, as they tend to look down on stealth tactics and prefer open warfare. Lanawyn and Turin find themselves charged by the King of the Blue Elves Aamon to figure out exactly what happened to the elves of Ennlya as inconsistencies mount and King Rinn of the Yrlan readies to take an opportunity for war and genocide. Luckily Lanawyn is an intelligent Elf and Turin has friends everywhere, they're going to need every scrap of wits and favor that friendship can call in to solve this and fast.
Meanwhile Vaalann, a young Blue Elf lady, finds she might have a storied fate in front of her. Long ago Ulronn, an Elf Mage, used unknown magical means to create three crystals. Each crystal has a unique but terrifying power. In fact, the creation of the Crystals drove him mad and he became a Dark Elf. Rather then give up the crystals or use them responsibly, Ulronn used them to try and (all together folks) conquer the world! A Blue Elf mage played a key part in defeating him so the crystal with the power to control the ocean (yes, the entire thing) was given to the Blue Elves. Worried about the corrupting power of such a powerful artifact, the Blue Elves hid it on the floor of the ocean and convinced a race of sea monsters known as the Myst to guard it. The Myst have the ability to look into the soul of anyone who approaches them, if that person's soul has anything but a desire to use the crystal peacefully and for good, the Myst drown them. A number of Blue Elves have risked their immortal lives because there is a belief that one day a chosen Elf will rise to use the power of the crystal and craft a golden age. Vaalann believes she just might be that chosen Elf but is she or just another in a long line of folks who've let their ego write a check they can't cash? The Blue Elves will need an answer soon, as they may find themselves in a war that if they lose will see the extinction of their race. So they might just need to resort to using the ocean as a weapon to stay alive.
The graphic novel gives us a pair of stories that are rather separate until the very end of the novel and frankly in my opinion the graphic novel suffers for it. The story has about fifty pages and as a result can't really devote enough time to really get into either plot line. So both stories feel like they're moving incredibly quickly, has such we know a lot less about Turin and Lanawyn then I would like and Vaalann feels a bit like a plot device. Additionally, there's a twist ending that just didn't feel satisfying. The story itself is a rather solid one and the characters are fairly likable and not uninteresting but they need more time and development to pull in the reader in my opinion. Additionally I didn't really get a sense of Blue Elf Culture or their beliefs. They seem to use water magic for a wide variety of things, foretelling the future for example but other than that? When I read Redwin of the forge, I got a good overview of a living breathing culture with Redwin as it's representative. Here I'm not sure how the Blue Elves live, how their culture functions or what they hold important beyond the sea itself. Nor am I left with an understanding of any of the characters, or what they're doing when they're not trying to prevent unnecessary wars. So I'm left with a mild interest in the Blue Elves and in the characters but not much else. That said, the art is amazing in this comic and I do get the sense that if given the proper space to tell this story that it would be a good one. So I have to say I think this fell victim to the page count, so I'll have to hold it as an example of remembering to match your story ambitions to your space. I am hopeful as I go further into the series though that I will see an improvement. From what I understand Elves was the first series so it would make sense that Dwarves benefited from it's lessons. All in all Elves Vol I by Jean Luc Istan and Kyko Duarte gets a C- from me. It's not awful but it's not anything I can honestly recommend either.
Next week, we kick off a month of looking at books that deal with World War II and its repercussions. So join me for Maus Part I. Additionally, coming in August will be Solarpunk month, if you have a solarpunk book you'd like me to review please leave a recommendation. If you have no clue what Solarpunk is? Don't worry you will by the end of August. Keep Reading!
Maus Part I: My Father Bleeds History
By Art Spiegelman
Art Spiegelman was born in Stockholm, Sweden in February of 1948. His parents moved to Sweden from Poland after World War II, and in 1951 they relocated to the United States of America. Art began drawing cartoons in 1960 and was earning money for his work while in high school. After graduating in 1965, his parents encouraged him to consider something financially sound, like dentistry, but he choose to enroll instead at Harpur's College to study Art and Philosophy. He attended from 1965 to 1968, working at the college paper while going to classes. In 1968 he suffered a nervous breakdown, to pile it on his mother committed suicide a month after he was released from Binghamton State Mental Hospital. He moved to San Francisco and threw himself into the underground comix movement (which deserves a discussion on a later date). It's in 1972 he produced his first comic about the holocaust showing Jews as mice being persecuted by Nazi Cats. He would return to this but first he moved back to New York in 1975 as the underground comix movement hit a slow down. Here he met his future wife but I'll cover more of this next week.
Maus is an odd graphic novel. It's part history, part biography, part autobiography and part meta commentary on the work of creating the graphic novel. The comic was originally published in Raw, a magazine that Art was editing and his wife was publishing. A new chapter would appear in Raw until 1991 which published every chapter but the very last one. Maus was released at a time when comics were seen as either childish power fantasy with the mass market neatly divided between Marvel and DC or with a stalled and stale underground comix movement that seemed to be running out of gas. Unlike today, there weren't many comics that weren't superhero comics (although I'll admit even today superhero comics dominate in North America). The graphic novel was able to reach a wide audience because it was sold in bookstores instead of just comic shops and helped change the perception of what a comic book could be in the English speaking world. It won enough awards to fill a bookcase, among them the Pulitzer, the Eisner, and the Harvey award; and a small academic industry has grown up around the graphic novel as it is taught in schools across the world. As of 2011 it has been translated into 30 different languages, including German and Polish. It's not without its critics as its depictions of the Polish people is less than flattering (given that Mr. Spiegelman draws them as pigs just to start with), but let's discuss the comic.
Maus is focused on Vladek Speigelman, a Polish Jew (or as some would insist a Jew living in Poland but if a man whose father and grandfather were born there isn't a Pole than who is? (That’s an interesting question. It would depend largely on whether the Jews living in Poland considered themselves Poles, and whether the Poles considered said Jews to be Poles. Remember, these are ethnic concepts of nationality, not ones where place of birth--even after multiple generations--necessarily matters.{I'm aware of this as an anthropologist, but the thing is Vladek has enough Polish cultural traits that if he was a Catholic, everyone would call him a Pole} I would hazard, given the history of the Jewish people and the depths of antisemitism that existed--and still exists--within the country, that the answer is probably closer to Jews Living in Poland, though mileage may vary! You have to remember that while Poland produced IIRC the most Righteous Among the Nations acting as individuals, resistance to the Shoah was not organized like it was in Denmark, and collaboration by the Poles in the Shoah was absolutely rife, as much as the modern Polish government tries to deny and even criminalize acknowledgement of that fact. The reality was, Jews in Poland were associated with Bolshevism and seeing as there had been a war with Soviet Russia in 1920 and the USSR had invaded and annexed half of Poland in 1939...yeah. Note: I am using the Shoah to distinguish between the mass murder of Jews, and Holocaust which I tend to use for the whole Nazi program of slaughtering all Untermenschen und Mindervertige. There otherwise wouldn’t really be a word to describe that because both are often used only to refer to the killing of Jews. The other six million people who were worked to death or crammed into gas chambers are often little more than a footnote. Gay men were killed by the tens of thousands and to this day that’s pretty much ignored in the media and school curricula. Gay survivors were also kept in prison after the war because our existence was still criminalized. Anyway, I’m rambling and I’ll stop.)) who in the ending years of the 1930s has become an adult started a business, married, and started a family. Vladek as you might have guessed is Mr. Spiegelman's father and the book also includes scenes set in the late 1970s/early 1980s of him discussing what happened to him with his now adult son. As such we see the young Vladek and the old one at times right next to each other. We learn that Father and son have a rather complicated relationship, part of this is driven by Vladek's personality. He's quarrelsome, miserly in a lot of ways and suspicious of people (Gee, I wonder why…). Meanwhile Art Spiegelman is not without his own personality flaws and the writing addresses his own frustrations with his father and their relationship. That said our writer is not the only person having a strained relationship with Vladek, as the book also features Mala, Vladek's second wife. Frankly given what I've seen in this book, Vladek and Mala have one of those marriages you sometimes see where you're constantly asking yourself why they stay together or why they got together in the first place. That said most of the characters we are introduced to are in the past.
This part of the novel covers Vladek meeting Anja, his wife and Mr. Spiegelman's mother. We see their courtship and early family life. Here we learn that Anja actually came from a wealthy family and marrying her helped Vladek in setting up his business. That said, we also see a bit of Vladek's true feelings for his wife as he is willing to go to lengths to help her deal with postpartum depression after the birth of their first son, Richleu. We see that even without the Nazis there was a great deal of anti-semitism in Poland before the war, as Vladek and his family have to worry about riots and other actions by the Poles against them. I would like to note for the record here that this wasn't unique to Germany or Poland, there were many nations in East and Central Europe where Jewish people weren't safe (Read: All of it). Nor were they immune from discrimination and attack even in Western Europe. We also see a bit of the German invasion of Poland, as Vladek is called up into the Polish army and sent to fight and finds his first experience with Nazism as a POW. The book covers Vladek's actions to keep his family out of the concentration camps; hiding in bunkers or the homes of local Poles, some of whom are willing to hide Jews as long as those Jews could pay (See what I mean?). Mr. Spiegelman also gives us a look at the extent to which some Jews cooperated with the Nazis or at least tried to enrich themselves at others expense. Whether it be the Jewish councils who were put in a situation where they could give up part of their people or all of their people, black market profiteers or Jewish men who choose to work as enforcers in the ghettos for the Nazis. We are given a look at how the extreme situations gnaws at people's bonds to one another and to what extremes people will go in desperation to protect themselves and the people they love (If I go into complexity of this and how it was part of a complex Nazi scheme to both dehumanize their victims and keep them divided among themselves to prevent resistance...more than I already have...I won’t stop. If you can’t tell dear readers, the editor gets a bit worked up over the Holocaust.). Part I ends as every scheme, tactic and hidden place that Vladek can conjure up to protect his ever shrinking family finally fails and he and Anja are taken by the Nazis to perhaps the most dread place in Nazi occupied Europe in 1944. Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Vladek himself interestingly enough doesn't express a lot of anger or judgment at the people in these situations with him. Even mentioning being on good terms with a man who took advantage of his family in some ways but in doing so likely saved his life. His view is those were the times they were living in, where people did what they had to do to survive and that's really the stakes they were playing for. It's hard for me to condemn someone who trying to avoid being gassed and shoveled into oven, knowing that the people in charge of their fate viewed them as less than human and were happy to do so. The book pulls no punches when it comes to how Jews were treated. We see a nightmare through the eyes of a man who survived it. It's only through Vladek eyes that we see this nightmare, his wife Anja did leave between written records of her experiences but they were destroyed after her suicide by Vladek while he was in mourning. Mr. Spiegelman himself shows no interest in the experiences of Vladek's second wife, Mala within the book for that matter, focusing entirely on his father. Which suggests to me that among other things, this was Mr. Spiegelman's attempt to try and understand his father and make some sort of peace with him by traveling with him through the most traumatic time of his life and one of the great traumas of the 20th century even if it was only in memory.
Maus is a very small scale story in a lot of ways. You don't get discussion of what was going on in Europe or the world at the time. You don't see the great sweeping battles or the decisions made by the powerful that would dictate the fate of entire continents; and it's a stronger and better story for it. Instead you see the very human effects of those battles and decisions. This isn't the story of Europe or even the story of European Jews. There's no great action scenes here or epic intrigue. It's the story of a Jewish businessman trying to keep his wife and son alive while the entire world around him loses its damn mind and decides to try and kill him and his people over their heritage. It's a stronger story for maintaining it's low to the ground view and focus on a single person and his family because if nothing else it gives a face to those statistics we have drilled into us at school. Learning six million Jews were murdered by the Nazis for daring to exist is just a set of numbers, reading a man watching his father-in-law being send to his death or having to speak about the death of family members makes it something that happened to a person (There’s a reason why I periodically rewatch a multi-part documentary series called Auschwitz:The Nazis and the Final Solution, and watch other interviews with survivors. It has a lot of interviews with survivors. The Shoah, and the larger Holocaust, are not something we can afford to forget. Already the words Never Again ring hollow because as a global society, we have failed to prevent genocide in the post war period. In part, I think, because it has been reduced to numbers and it’s hard for humans to care about those.). Mr. Spiegelman does a good job of telling a human story set in an inhuman time. Maus Part I: My Father Bleeds History by Art Spiegelman gets an A. As for why I'm using this story to talk about World War II... Well, I'll speak on that to.
Red text is our editor Dr. Ben Allen, dark text is me, your own reviewer.
Next week Maus Part II: And here my troubles began. This Sunday, Sidebar why start here? Keep Reading.
Maus Part II: And here my troubles began
Last week we talked about Mr. Spiegelman, this week I would like to talk about another person who was heavily involved in the making of this graphic novel: Francoise Mouly, Mr. Spiegelman's wife, editor; and for the all but the very last chapter of Maus, his publisher. Mrs. Mouly was born in Paris, France in the year 1955. She was the daughter of a plastic surgeon who pioneered a method of breast reduction and currently lives in New York with her husband Art. When she was 13, she lived through the intense social upheaval of May 1968 in Paris and this heavily influenced her politics as she grew up. She entered the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in the 1970 to study architecture but was unhappy doing so. So in 1974 she headed off to New York City. While in New York she mostly did odd jobs and worked on her English, she met Art Speigelman but neither of them were really interested in the other until she read his underground comix work “Prisoner on the Hell Planet” which moved her to call him. They proceeded to have an 8 hour phone conservation. When she went back to France to finish her degree, Art went with her. When they returned in 1977, they married to solve the Visa problems she was having. She would help her husband with a collection of his Breakdown strips when the printer botched it completely, with 30% of the run being utterly unusable. At this point she decided she would control the printing process to ensure it was done right. She founded Raw Books and Comics, where Maus would first be published, in 1978. It's goal was to provide an outlet for younger creators who didn't fit the current mold or European creators who were trying to get their work into the US. By the end of the 1980s Penguin books would take on publishing duties. But let's get to Maus II.
Francoise makes her appearance in this part of the graphic novel, as Volume II is more meta-fictional than Volume I in a lot of ways but I'll address that in a bit. Maus II starts off with Vladek and Anja being sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau; a place that’s become a byword for horror and evil in a multitude of languages because of what was done there. In the interests of completion I will briefly touch on it anyways (If he didn’t I would. Still will. Weil, nie wieder.). Auschwitz-Birkenau was a complex of concentration and extermination camps. First built to hold Polish political prisoners, it opened in May of 1940 (at the site of an old Polish Army training base), by September of 1941 it was being used to murder people in large numbers (mostly through working them to death at that stage.). Upon the formal adoption of so-called Final Solution (after the conference at Wannsee), from 1942 to 1944 it was the center of a vast logistical network that transported people from across Europe to be killed, mostly by use of Zyklon B, crystallized hydrogen cyanide that sublimated into gas. (I feel like the history of this particular gas is important. Ironically enough it was invented by a Jew, Fritz Haber. Some of you might remember him for his Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing the Haber-Bosch Process: the catalytic synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen, for use as fertilizer. We still use that process. However, he was a hard-core German patriot during WW1. This is the sad contrast between Jews Living in Poland and German Jews at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, before the Nazis. His love for his country became an obsession and he became the father of chemical warfare, inventing the process by which chlorine gas was synthesized and developing gas masks. On it went, in an arms race with fellow Laureate the French chemist Victor Grignard, until millions were dead or disfigured by their grotesque inventions. His wife Clara, also a chemist, committed suicide in protest of his twisting chemistry to murder. His research institute invented Zyklon A which was later developed into Zyklon B as a fumigant insecticide. Fritz was thanked for his obsessive patriotism during the Nazi rise to power by being forced to flee the country for his life. He died in Switzerland on his way to Mandate Palestine in 1934.) Other methods included torture, starvation, being killed individually by guards, refusal of medical treatment, and working people to death (Don’t forget environmental exposure, dehydration, human experimentation, and being put in conditions so cramped and unsanitary that communicable diseases like Typhus, Typhoid, and Cholera were rampant). In two years, over 1.3 million people would be transported there with 1.1 million dying on the site and only 144 people successfully managing an escape from the camp while it was operational. While Jews made up the majority of people sent here, there were also Poles (about 150,000), Romani and Sinti (23,000), Soviet Prisoners of War (15,000), Jehovah Witnesses (400) and Homosexuals (number unknown). Men, Women and Children were all sent here and disappeared without mercy into the ovens used to reduce their bodies to ashes (Also mass graves. The crematoria were the product of about a year of experimentation into body disposal, using the prisoners themselves as manual labor.). The camp would continue operations until the Soviets were nearly in shelling range, it was then that the Germans marched the prisoners out of the camp and force-marched them to Germany. I'm going to point out that this was the end of 1944; it was clear that the war was lost, Western Forces were liberating France, the Soviets had passed Warsaw... And the Nazis were still determined to kill every Jew, Gay, Romani and so on that they could. If you need a minute after reading this, that's okay, I needed a minute after writing it. (And I’ve wept a couple times between this week and last. There is no shame in that. The Shoah and the larger Holocaust are just that fucking awful.)
Vladek and Anja were sent into the maw of this hell pit during it's last year of operation. Here we can see the trauma that cemented so many of the behaviors that torment his son later in life. Vladek had to work furiously just to survive, he had to bend every skill and ounce of cunning he had to just keep breathing one more day in a place designed to kill him as humiliatingly as possible. Not only that but he had to constantly work to find ways just to stay in contact with his wife Anja, as well as helping her whenever it was possible. That said Vladek doesn't do this by screwing over other people; there are times when he helps the people around him. Getting shoes that fit for a friend by charming a Polish Kapo into helping him in exchange for English lessons, for example. By staying alert and grabbing at every chance he could get Vladek managed to survive another day, which in Auschwitz was an amazing achievement. Nor were they alone; throughout Vladek's account we see many people trying to do just one decent act before they’re murdered, whether it be an unknown Polish Priest (I am reminded of Maximilian Kolbe, who volunteered to take the place of a Polish Army sergeant named Franciszek Gajowniczek who was picked at random with ten others after several men escaped the camp. Maximilian Kolbe is now the patron saint of political prisoners.) who comforts and consoles Vladek before he was killed, or Mancie, a Hungarian Jewish girl who ran messages between Vladek and Anja. We also see many petty cruelties that serve no purpose but to amuse the people performing them. It's a grim story but one full of people who refused to be ground down and made into animals. I won't say they kept their dignity but I will say that they kept their humanity (I’d say they’re the same thing). It's here that we see why Vladek is the way he is, he is a miserly, neurotic, and miserable old man in a lot of ways, (who manages to be pretty racist against African Americans) a man whose actions and words often torment his son and his own wife. He survived--not thrived, because no one did in Auschwitz-- but to do so he had to develop habits and ended up with scars that would affect everyone around him until the end of their days. We see that not only in Mr. Spiegelman but in Vladek's relationship with his 2nd wife Mala, which nearly ends in this volume. We also see the end of the camps, Vladek's dealing with American troops in the opening days of the occupation and his cold satisfaction at the Germans suffering as the Western and Russian armies advance into Germany (I can't really blame him, he's way more restrained about the whole thing than I would be in his position). As well as his reunion with Anja and their decision to leave Poland, heading first to Sweden and then to the United States.
This volume is more meta-fictional than the previous one. Mr. Spiegelman's mental state becomes a part of the book as he discusses his own feelings about the story and the process of creating it. Additionally Francoise makes her appearance in the novel, as we learn about their marriage (and how she converted to please Vladek in the first place) and the her own involvement in the story process. We learn about Mr. Spiegelman's depression and his overriding desire to avoid living with his father. I’ve got mixed feelings about this. To be honest I'm not a fan of meta-fiction, where the process of writing the work itself becomes part of the narrative and having the characters acknowledge they're in a story. This is also called breaking the 4th wall. In most of the stories I've seen it used, it bogs things down as the writer then uses meta commentary to try and display how clever he is and how deep the story is. It also lends itself to pretentiousness or cheap humor that isn't actually funny. I'm not saying that there's no worthwhile meta fiction. The first Deadpool movie actually used it very well (and very sparingly). In the case of Maus, the meta-fiction does end up serving the story as a biographical and autobiographical work. It also gives us a look at how the trauma of the Holocaust didn't end with just the people who experienced it directly. It lingered and marked their children, whether it be Mr. Spiegelman always feeling inadequate to his father or measuring himself against Richleu, the child who didn't survive. That said, I can't say I was thrilled with those parts of the book where Mr. Spiegelman stepped out of the narrative and began talking about events outside of it. That's a personal opinion but be aware if you're less than thrilled at 4th wall breaking and meta-commentary, there's more of it here than in the first volume.
That said, Maus is a very good long look at the holocaust. Vladek, through Mr. Spiegelman, tells the story plainly and straightforwardly. I honestly find his matter of fact tone in the book rather amazing but it also helps ground the story and make it seem more real. Mr. Spiegelman gives us a look at the very real impact those events had on him, his father and his entire family and I would argue that this work is important and whether you like comic books or are even a history buff, you should sit down to read it. As you might have already figured out, this is a very adult story and might be disturbing for younger children. Maus Part II: And Here My Troubles Began gets an A-.
Next week Trail of Hope. Keep reading.
Trail of Hope: The Anders Army, An Odyssey Across Three Continents
By Dr. Norman Davies
In the year 410 BC, 10,000 Greek mercenaries were trapped in Persia. They marched and fought their way back to Greece from deep inside a hostile empire. The book “The Anabasis” remains a classic of history and military literature for it's examples of courage, determination, and loyalty. It is not surprising I think that the greatest and most epic war in human history would produce a mass movement of armed men and their dependents on an even larger scale and for larger stakes. Let's talk about our writer first.
Dr. Davies was born on the 8th of June 1939 in Bolton Lancashire, in the United Kingdom. He would study in France in 1957 and 1958 before returning to England and earning a BA in history from Oxford in 1962. He would attain a Masters Degree from the University of Sussex in 1967. He attempted to attend university in the Soviet Union to earn his PhD but was denied an entry Visa (Which boggles my mind. “Hi, we’re the USSR. We don’t want a western academic to come and study our history from our perspective/to be propagandized and readily turned into an agent by us” makes little sense. I suppose they were worried he was already a spy?), so instead went to communist Poland. There he researched the Polish-Soviet war; a difficult undertaking given that the stance of the government at the time was that it had never happened, because talking about the time Poles successfully resisted Soviet invasion would have been a tad inconvenient for a Soviet client state. Because of this he entitled his dissertation “British Foreign Policy towards Poland 1919-1920.” Once he had his PhD in his hands, he rushed back to the United Kingdom and published the English translation as “White Eagle, Red Star” a history of the Polish-Soviet War. He than taught Polish history at the University College in London as well as serving as a Supernumerary Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford.
His career isn't without controversy. In 1986 he was denied tenure at Stanford in a 12 to 11 vote. Dr. Davies sued, claiming that his politics played a role in the vote and while there does appear to be something to that, the lawsuit was dismissed. It was found that the politics in question were relevant to the position and classes in question. His opponents at the time accused him of being insensitive to the suffering of the Jewish people and unacceptably defensive of Poles. Part of that was his focus on the suffering of non-Jewish Poles in the holocaust and some of it seems to be his willingness to point out Soviet crimes against the Poles but let's turn to the book.
In September 1st, 1939 Nazi Germany invaded the Republic of Poland, kicking off the European Theater of WWII. What is often not really covered however is the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17th (Bit inconvenient, as we would become allies of the USSR and bargain away Poland despite the Polish Home Army and doing a pretty good job resisting the Nazis and despite Polish pilots in exile helping defend Great Britain… Best to just ignore the whole mess of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.). This action rendered Poland indefensible as it was now fighting a two front war against two powers with vastly greater industrial strength and manpower (a situation that the Nazis would come to know intimately in the future, suggesting that karma sometimes does occur) and the Polish government ordered all troops in the field to attempt to escape to Romania if at all possible. Most of the army wouldn't make it. The Nazi marched into western Poland and proceeded to inflict their vile ideology on the people there, as we saw in Maus. The Soviets were no less determined to destroy the native culture of their slice of Poland and wipe out entire classes of people, although where the Nazis used racist pseudoscience, the Soviets would use Stalinist pseudo-sociology. Out of the 15 million Poles, Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians and others living in the 77,612 square miles that the Soviets annexed somewhere between 1 to 2 million of them would be deported. Additionally all Churches and Synagogues were closed, all Polish organizations disbanded, all privately held land was seized and schools and universities were forced to teach Russian mandated education. The laws of the democratically elected Polish government were declared null and void. These people were not fans of Russia or of communism, their experiences coming from a combination of having been invaded by the USSR in 1919 and living under the yoke of the Russian Empire. The USSR was determined to bring them to heel however. The Soviets focused on 5 groups: The first group were “illegal immigrants” made up pretty much of people fleeing the Nazis (many of them Jews). The second were Polish soldiers, officers were especially targeted with 22,000 of them disappearing permanently. The third group were the “social criminals” these were learned or well connected people could form the basis of resistance, this meant all civil servants (police, firefighters, teachers, etc), native politicians (including local communists), railwaymen, groundskeepers, professional hunters, engineers, architects, landowners. managers, business owners, linguists, and former aristocrats (the Polish Republic had abolished nobility.). The fourth group were the family and close friends of any of the above, women, small children, the elderly, etc. Families often found themselves broken up, with children split off from their parents with neither of them likely to see each other again. I imagine this may sound strangely topical to some of my readers. While I prefer to just review the damn books here, I feel given the current events in the Year of our Lord 2018, I am forced to comment. It is a terrible thing to split apart a family, children should be taken away from their parents if they are being abused or neglected by those parents. To tear them apart as a punishment is a vile act and to try to justify this with half a Bible verse is a show of amoral mania that renders one unfit for office in a free nation. My editor is an atheist but I am a Christian and the child of two pastors (And yet, I know the Bible better than Jeff Sessions…And several other holy books.). I am not only unimpressed but would remind you that if your actions echo those of a militant totalitarian power that it may be time to ask yourself just what the hell you think you're doing. I apologize for this unpleasant divergence and we'll return to the book now. The last category of people ripped from their homes were... Random victims. The NKVD officers conducting this were given a quota and in true Soviet fashion, shoddy out of date records with which to find their victims. Knowing that the penalty for failure would be to take the place of the Poles they were hunting the NKVD would at times simply grab anyone who was nearby and take them away.
Each of these five groups were subjected to show trails, where they were not informed of the charges and allowed no defense. The punishment was always the same. Exile to the remote reaches of the Soviet Union. This was not the first or the last group that the Soviet Union did this to; Stalin specifically was fond of taking troublesome groups and flinging them thousands of miles from their homes into extreme and underdeveloped regions as if he was some modern day Assyrian Emperor. Thousands of Poles would die on route as they were barely fed and transported in box cars with standing room only (Common motif in WW2). Thousands more Poles would be worked to death in camps in Central Asia, or near the Arctic or on the western edge of Siberia. The fate of the exiles seemed grim, but everything changed when the Nazis attacked. Stalin opened communications with the western allies, among them the Polish Government in Exile,and a deal was worked out. The Polish prisoners would be released in an “Amnesty” in exchange a Polish army under Polish Officers but Russian central command would be raised from among the prisoners to fight the Nazis. General Wladyslaw Anders, currently rotting in a NKVD prison cell was chosen to lead the army, one moment he was wondering when his execution was going to occur and the next the NKVD had pulled him out of a cell, given him a hot shower and clean clothes, a hot meal and asked if he would like to be a Polish General again. Let's meet our army commander.
General Wladyslaw Anders was born in 1892 to polinized Germans. This was when Poland was still divided under the rule of the German, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian Empires. When he was a teen he was recruited by Russian General impressed with the skilled horsemanship and courage he showed in controlling a pair of bolting horses. He would serve in the Tsar's armies in the first World War and resign to join the Polish Army when Poland declared independence. He fought with some distinction in the Polish-Soviet War and sided with the Republican government during the coup of 1926. His division was fighting the Nazis and was working to evade them and escape into Romania when captured by the Soviets. His battles were honestly just beginning as the process of recruiting and mustering an army from the Polish captives of the USSR would prove to a campaign in and of itself.
The Soviet Union was under massive assault at this point, with Leningrad under siege and powerful Nazi armies pushing deeper and deeper into Russia. Combined with the sheer indifference that the Soviets had for the Polish prisoners meant that little provision was made for transporting and caring for the people who at this point had suffered roughly 2 years of hard labor and near starvation. Many Poles found themselves once again riding boxcars with standing room only. Others, when they heard of the amnesty, were literally thrown out of their labor camps on the tundra and told to get walking. NKVD officials at every step looked for every way to stop or slow those heading to join the army. Walk they did though, a torrent of humanity over a hundred thousand strong heading towards the mustering point in central asia. Even for those who reached the recruitment center, the troubles weren't over. The NKVD, the internal security force of the Soviet Union which served as counter intelligence, secret police, and public law enforcement rolled up in one, was intent on enforcing the idea of Soviet sovereignty over the Polish areas they had conquered. One tactic they adopted was trying to restrict who the Polish Army could recruit. Declaring that only ethnic Poles were allowed and others, such as Jews, Ukrainians and Belarusians were forbidden. The Jewish declaration became a heavy point of contention as NKVD officers would often claim to Jewish men and women that it was a declaration that came from the Polish high command not the Soviet Union. Despite that 5000 Jewish soldiers were enrolled and 5 rabbis recruited, that said accusations of antisemitism would dog the Polish Army for the rest of it days and the officers of that army til they died. There likely were, if we're going to be honest, a good number of anti-Semites in the army, Poland was frankly full of anti-Jewish bigots after all, as well as having people who were sympathetic to the Jewish people. Some Jewish troops did report ill treatment, while others reported not being treated any differently than any other soldier. So it wouldn't shock me if there were officers who were more happy than others to comply with the order and others who rejected it entirely. In the end when the Army reached Palestine many of the Jewish troops would desert (2/3rds out of the 5000) some went to join British units, others joined the active Zionist paramilitary groups that were mustering in expectation of having to fight either the Arabs or possibly the Nazis if things went really badly. General Anders to his credit held his ground and demanded that the right of enlisted be given to all people who were Polish citizens in 1939 and did so to Stalin's face. Additionally he gave the order that Jewish deserters were to be allowed to go their way in peace, reasoning that if they felt the cause of a Jewish homeland strong enough, or were convinced that they couldn't get fair treatment in the army, it would be better to part on as friendly terms as possible. As if this wasn't enough the army was often starved of supplies because even supplies donated strictly for the Poles use were often stolen by Russians. The revelation that thousands of Polish officers had been murdered by the Russians in Katyn forest was the breaking point making it impossible for the Poles to fight under Russian command. Instead the Polish Army was re-dubbed Polish II Corps and sent to Iran to fight under British command where they would see action in the Italy campaign.
The escape to Iran and movement through the middle east was challenging but widely celebrated, because for the Poles this was considered nothing less than an escape from bondage. The civilian dependents (along with thousands of orphans and Polish civilians who walked from the arctic to Iran to escape the Soviet Union) would be scattered to refuges in Africa, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand and India. The troops would move from Iran, to Iraq, Palestine, Egypt and finally Italy. Where they fought in the battle of Monte Cassino leading the Fourth and final assault on the abbey that after having been reduced to rubble by an American bombing run, was fortified by the Germans and anchored the defense of Rome. Three times the allies had attacked and been driven off with heavy casualties for light German loses. The Polish II Corps would fight through heavy German artillery bombardment and take the abbey and the mountain it rested on, raising the Polish flag on May 17th of 1944. They would go on to carry out a number of offensives in Northern Italy gaining high praise from Allied command. However in 1945 with the announcement of Poland becoming part of the Soviet sphere. An act many of them felt was a betrayal by the Western Allies who accepted the Soviet announcement and even spread Soviet propaganda that the Polish Army was a band of secret fascist trouble makers looking to undermine the peaceful and freedom loving Soviet Union (That’s because it was a betrayal{Perhaps but what we were going to do, fight our way through 13 million angry Russians when Europe was already a ruin?}). Most of the members of the army would never get to go home; they would spend the rest of their days in exile in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. Others would come to the United States or other nations to build new lives but always knowing that their homeland was under foreign rule and occupation because the Polish People's Republic was a puppet state of the Soviet Union. While the Polish People's Republic would invite the enlisted soldiers back, very few took up the invite. Of the ones that did, many were arrested, given a show trial and declared traitors to the Polish people and jailed or killed. General Anders himself would die in 1970 stripped of his Polish citizenship and rank, a member of the Polish government in exile. He never saw Poland freed of Soviet influence and was buried in Italy, among the dead Polish troops of the battle of Monte Cassino.
Trail of Hope is a massive book at almost 600 pages. Dr. Davies uses a combination of first hand accounts from interviews of the survivors, as well as their children and grandchildren. He also used dairies, journals, as well as official and unofficial army documents dating from the time. He does seem to avoid using Soviet sources and while he never directly addresses that, he gives the impression that he considers them untrustworthy. Frankly I don't think he's wrong (Depends on which ones. The inaccuracies are often more in what’s missing than what’s in the official documents. Also narrative. But if you want to know how many people died in a given Gulag in a given year, you’re probably fine…). The book is also filled with a large number of photos taken by members of the army and others showing the troops, children, and others in a variety of day to day settings. Additionally he scouted out the trail that the army and many of its followers marched. Going into modern day Russia, Iran, through the middle east and into Italy. There he hunted down and spoke to natives who interacted with the Polish army, or found the children of Polish civilians who intermarried and stayed behind. Dr. Davies focuses more on the movement of the army to Italy and doesn't really cover the battle of Monte Cassino in depth, feeling there are plenty of other histories that do so. There are stories of heartbreak, such as the Polish orphans sent to New Zealand, many of whom would stay there because they dared not trust the Soviet Union, who to them was the entity that devoured their entire families with no trace. Even today their grandchildren and great grandchildren live as citizens of New Zealand and remember. There are humorous stories such as the story of Wojtek, the soldier bear taught to carry artillery shells and brought from Iran to Italy as a mascot. Wojtek ended his days comfortably in the Edinburgh zoo, visited by his fellow veterans (Best Bear Ever. He loved cigarettes. Not smoking them of course, but eating them). He even has a beer named after him. I tried to find some in Phoenix but I am sad to say it doesn't seem to be sold in the Western United States. There are romances, as General Anders met his second wife who traveled with the army as part of the entertainment division. They married after the war and remained married until his death. This is, in the west at least, a long forgotten part of World War II that deserves to be remembered. It's a stunning logistical achievement and a testament to the determination and courage that normal people can display in abnormal times. Trail of Hope: The Anders Army, An Odyssey Across Three Continents By Dr. Norman Davies gets an A from me. Give it a look.
So this was a long review but thanks for sticking it out with me! Next week we'll be covering Black wings which talks about Black pilots in the US. Afterwards we'll cover 1776, and we'll be covering an independent author book Shadow of an Empire with the last two weeks in July being given over to Watership Down (the book) and the French Canadian cartoon that was created afterwards, as this was requested by a pair of readers of this review.
Black Wings
By Von Hardesty
Von Hardesty was born in 1939 in Byesville Ohio. He graduated from Bluffton college in 1961, received a Master's degrees in 1964 from Case Western Reserve University and a PhD from Ohio State University in 1974. He currently works as a curator at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. and has written a good number of goods about aeronautic history. Today we review his book Black Wings. I picked up the book thinking it would give me a bigger overview over the experiences of Black pilots in the US military and civilian world. I include it in World War II month because the Tuskegee Airmen are the central line of the book. Although I should admit the book starts much earlier and ends later.
In the beginning of the 20th century, the United States was a growing power on the world stage. World War I was over, the economy was shifting into high gear and people were secure in the promise of peace and prosperity. We were also a nation mired in racial ignorance and bigotry where most of our non-white citizens were both literally and metaphorically forced to the back of the bus (To be absolutely clear, slavery through the practice of “Convict Leasing” was also alive and well. Black people in the south would be arrested on bogus charges, convicted by an all-white jury, and then using the 13th Amendment’s criminal punishment exemption, sold up the river for the duration of their sentence. In addition, black people were also found in default of fabricated debts and put into illegal debtors prison, and subsequently convict-leased. This was a thing until FDR cracked down on it in the 1940s. Now we have private prisons and if I don’t shut up Frigid is going to hit me.). To be an African American at the time was to live under open Jim Crow laws in the South and de facto segregation in the North backed by popular opinion and the constant threat of violence in both places. Despite that African Americans managed to build businesses, own homes and achieve historical milestones, often while struggling under burdens massively greater then the rest of the populace. Manned flight was one of those areas. The American public black, white, and otherwise was enthralled with the exploits of pilots and aircraft and why not? Thanks to the Wright Brothers, a pair of bicycle mechanics with an unyielding obsession, powered heavier than air flight was an American achievement. A material event that we could point to as a sign of our progress as a people and a nation. We had found a way to fight gravity and win and a number of African Americans felt that if they could take part in such an achievement it could only help break down barriers.
The vast majority of flight clubs would not train black men or women to become pilots. However there was an elite cadre of men and women who weren’t going to let that stop them. Bessie Coleman, America's first black woman pilot for example, went to France and got a Federation Aeronautique Internationale license, she attended a flight school in the north of France in the Somme region and graduated in June 15th 1921. She returned to America and became a barnstormer. Barnstormers were stunt pilots, named because the first ones operated out of barns and any other structure big enough to hold an aircraft. They would perform aerial stunts for crowds in an early version of today's air shows. Bessie would struggle for funding until her all-too-early death in 1926 as a possible patron took her for a flight and the plane stalled and crashed. There were others however, such as businesses owner, World War I veteran William Powell Jr. William Powell had been a Lt. in the 317th engineer regiment and 365th infantry regiment and had been gassed on the very last day of the war. He would open the Bessie Coleman Aero Club in L.A, which was open to both sexes and all races in a time and place where most air clubs were white men only. Unfortunately the gassing he suffered led to him having to retire due to medical issues and he would pass away in 1942. As you can see the book shows a pattern of African American leaders rising up, accomplishing great things and then, dying or having to pass on the torch. While early flight was dangerous and many pilots of the time died in accidents, a good amount of these are because African American pilots of the time were often forced to fly old planes that even under the best maintenance weren't very dependable, or not fly at all. That said I do have to point out that even new aircraft with top of the line maintenance at this point in time weren't very dependable or sturdy. The simple fact of the matter was that flying, especially flight so near the limits of the aircraft's performance, was incredibly dangerous at the time and many pilots paid for their daring with their lives. (Smaller aircraft in general are like that. Modern commercial jets have all kinds of safety features built in and they’re designed within an inch of the lives of hundreds of engineers. Smaller craft… less so.)
As the 1920s passed into the 1930s however African American pilots kept pushing against the barriers. James Banning became the first black man in America to get a pilot license from the Department of Commerce. No flight school would teach him so he used his own money to buy a plane and hired a WWI pilot to teach him how to fly. In 1932, he decided to attempt a transcontinental flight across the United States becoming the first black pilot to fly coast to coast. Today that doesn't seem to mean much as someone can fly coast to coast in hours but back then? It took days. James Banning's flight took 22 days and he logged in 41 hours in the air. Sadly he would die in 1933 on a return flight as the plane stalled out and crashed. This wasn't due to pilot error but due to the fact that the plane was old because Banning had little in the way of financial support. However there were others to pick up the torch. Alfred Anderson and Albert Forsythe would fly the first transcontinental round trip by black pilots. Alfred Anderson (known by his nickname Chief Anderson that he picked up in World War II) learned to pilot by relentless effort, since it was difficult to find anyone willing to teach a black man how to fly, he worked as an airplane mechanic and bought his own plane, renting it out to pilots in exchange for lessons. He and Forsythe would gain attention for their flights across the US and Canada even embarking on a Pan-American goodwill tour in their plane that they had named the Booker T Washington. Anderson was recruited to serve as a flight instructor for the Tuskegee Airmen (see I told you there was World War II stuff in here). It was here he meet Eleanor Roosevelt who was touring the base and on her suggestion took her on a flight. As a result First Lady Roosevelt would remain a steadfast supporter of the “Tuskegee experiment.” (She was so awesome)
Let's talk about that for a moment. US military policy had become inherently racist in the 1930s, with different studies claiming that black men were unfit for anything but menial labor (Racism had, by this time, fully merged with the Eugenics that was popular at the time into an extra special American Racist Voltron, and America had insane bullshit like Beautiful White Baby contests. We also sterilized our own Mindervertige. By which I of course mean the disabled and people of color.) and were incapable of leadership (black women weren't considered for membership in the armed forces). As a result of this only 2% of the military was made up of African Americans (Who can blame them? Would you want to join an organization that declared you fit only for service as a human mule?) However by 1939 Congress created the Civil Pilot Training Program and opened segregated classes to pilot candidates, before the program there had been less than 50 African American pilots in the US, by 1940 there were 231. With war raging in and across three continents and three oceans, it was becoming clear to the government that there was no way to avoid being involved. It was also clear that if we were going to win, we would have to stop wasting talent. Executive Order 8802 established the Tuskegee Army Air Base for the training of black fighter pilots in July of 1941. Benjamin O Davis Jr, the eventual commander of the unit, enrolled. He had graduated West Point in 1936, despite being shunned by his white classmates and had grown up in the army, being the son of the army's only black general. His professionalism and knowledge of army culture were assets in the face of a military that really preferred that his unit quietly and quickly disappear forever. They faced many barriers, for example despite being officers they were denied the same treatment as white officers, for example being banned from officer’s clubs (Of course they were…). This led to a mutiny as a over 100 black officers would attempt to enter the Freemen Fields Officer club and were arrested. Three were court martialed but only one was convicted. Additionally there were issues in the civilian towns around the bases, in one town for example the laundry would refuse to wash black pilots clothes while happily washing the clothes of German POWs... (I mean… it’s Tuskegee. The Klan and the Nazis were reading from the same racist hymnal. I mean, in the same town they had a bunch of civilian black men under Government Orders to not get treated for syphilis because they were part of an experiment on the progression of the disease in black men. Ironically enough, because the doctor leading the study was trying to prove that white and black men were identical in that respect. For some reason *coughcough* racism*coughcough* that was a controversial position to take. )
Despite that the 99th Fighter Squadron deployed to Europe in 1943, they arrived in April. Their first combat mission was in June. Their first air victory was in July. By the beginning of 1944 they were achieving 7 to 1 kill ratios against German aircraft. Among other achievements, they also have the first enemy destroyer sunk by machine gun fire. Additionally, they flew combat missions in the battle of Monte Cassino (which you may remember from our last review). By the end of February, three more squadrons for African American pilots were created and in combat operations. In May of 1944 they were assigned to escorting bomber raids into Germany, Poland, Hungary and other targets. The 99th Squadron became part of the 332nd Fighter group and while on escort duty they would adopt the distinctive red tail paint job that they would be known by. Of the 179 escort missions they flew, they lost bombers on seven missions for a total of 27 lost bombers on their watch. The average lost for other units was 46 bombers in the same time period. In grand total they would fly 1578 combat missions, shooting down 112 enemy aircraft and destroying an additional 150 on the ground. Of the 992 pilots trained at Tuskegee Army Air Base, 322 would see combat, 84 would be killed in combat or in accidents and an additional 32 captured by enemy forces. They would receive a number of meritorious citations as a unit and individual pilots also received a number of awards. With 96 Distinguished flying crosses awarded, 14 bronze stars, 8 purple hearts and 1 silver star. In 1948, President Truman would sign Executive Order 9981 abolishing racial discrimination in the armed forces and leading to the end of racial segregation in the US military. Three of the Tuskegee airmen would go on to become generals in the US Air Force including the first African American Air Force General Daniel James Jr.
Unfortunately this wasn't the end of the struggle. While the Tuskegee airmen found themselves in heavy demand as instructors and commanders after the War, at least in the Air Force, in the civilian world the emerging airlines were less than thrilled at the idea of hiring black pilots. Marlon Green, an airforce pilot with 3000 hours in the air applied to Continental Airlines in 1957 and was rejected. He sued and in a battle that went all the way to the Supreme Court, won in 1963. By 1976 there were 81 African American commercial pilots. NASA also proved a struggle, with Edward Dwight the first African American candidate being rejected, NASA officials would maintain that he had been rejected because those approved had scored higher than him but suspicion of racial basis would linger. The next candidate Robert Lawrence would die in a crash while training in the Air Force program. However Guion “Guy” Bluford, a Vietnam vet with 4,600 hours in the air would not only become the first Black Astronaut but he would log 688 hours in space while serving in the Space Shuttle program.
Black Wings gives us a full view of the struggles faced by African Americans who simply wanted to fly planes and be treated like actual citizens of their country. The triumphs and tragedy of that long struggle through the 20th century serve as a reminder of our nations shortcomings and its ability to rise above itself and become something better. The book itself provides a good, if somewhat short, overview of this history and provides a good number of photos and biographical information on the many larger than life personalities and heroes of the time. There are many more than I spoke about in the review. It's a good introductory text and I would recommend it if you haven't really looked into this area of history before. That said it's not an in-depth study of the subject and by trying to cover the whole 20th century in under 200 pages, it's a more of an overview than anything else. Black Wings by Von Hardesty still gets an A- however.
Next week, we celebrate American Independence with 1776! Keep reading.
By David McCullough
Perseverance and Spirit have done wonders in all ages.
General George Washington.
We've reviewed books about the American Revolutionary War before on this series; in 2016 we reviewed Fullisers (recommended to me be a reader of this review series!) and back in 2015 we reviewed George Washington Military Genius (another recommendation!). This year, given the difficulties the country seems to be facing, I thought it right to review a book detailing perhaps the single hardest year of the nation's life. That being the first year of 1776 when the nation was officially born and nearly strangled in its crib. Let me talk a bit about David McCullough first.
Mr. McCullough was born in Pittsburgh Philadelphia in 1933, on July 7th, so first let me wish him a happy early birthday. He began attending Yale University in 1951 and graduated in 1955 with a degree in English Literature. He harbored ambitions of becoming a playwright or fiction writer and served apprenticeships at Time, Life, the United States Information Agency and American Heritage and was eventually hired by Sports Illustrated. During this period he married his wife Rosalee, who he met when they were 17, they are still together and have five children and nineteen grandchildren. Mr. McCullough, at this point working for American Heritage, was writing in his spare time (for three years) and his first book the Johnstown Flood was published in 1968 to high praise. He decided to become a full time writer and we have all reaped the benefits ever since. Mr. McCullough has received the Pulitzer prize twice, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and more awards than I could really list in this review without sacrificing space for the book. All in all Mr. McCullough has contributed greatly to people's understanding of history through his writings and for that I am thankful. Now let's get to the book.
The book as you might imagine covers the year of 1776, for those of my readers not from the Anglo-sphere, that is the year that the United States of America declared its independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Before then the original thirteen states of my home nation were colonies ruled from London. I won't go into the arguments that compelled my founding fathers to rebel against King and Country, save to say that they were hotly debated issues in America and England and provoked powerful emotions. Powerful enough that certain words that couldn't be taken back were exchange and on the heels of those words, we began to exchange bullets. The British Government led by King George III resolved that what was needed was to use armed force to hammer the rebels back into line, feeling that to compromise at this point would only inflame greater demands. In addition was the belief that if a show of force wasn't made right then, that there would be a fight later as groups like the Sons of Liberty would continue pushing for independence. The Continental Congress was resolved that while they didn't want a fight, if it meant protecting their natural rights as free men, they were gonna fight. The British Army started out the year in Boston, and as if summoned out of the aether by magic, armed rebel companies gathered to put the British redcoats to siege. The Battle of Bunker Hill had just happened and emotions are high but emotions alone don't win wars.
Mr. McCullough takes some time to review the nature of the armies present here. The fact that the Rebel army, not quite yet the Continental Army of legend and near myth was made up of mostly New England volunteers and basically a collection of amateurs is fully displayed here. Most of them were volunteer companies who simply showed up for the siege of Boston. They had elected officers and no supply chain, and were organized by colonial origin. So you had companies from New York, brigades from Delaware, platoons from Pennsylvania and so on and so forth. Additionally Mr. McCullough takes pains to point out that while most of the British Troops were not yet combat veterans at this point, they were still professionals. They were uniformed, well armed and by the standards of the day very well trained. On top of this they were led by a professional officer corps, many of whom were veterans with experience in war. In short everything the American army wasn't. While George Washington had been appointed in command, he had not been a soldier for years and even then his record, while not awful, wasn't anything stellar either. General Washington's officer corps was also made up of men who for the most part had never fought in battle. Mr. McCullough is careful to introduce us to the officers on both sides as these are for the most part the men who will be either creating the Continental Army, slowly forging it into an instrument that while maybe not the tactical equal of the British will be at least capable of fighting the British Army and achieving victories in the field at the end. On the other side are the men who were fighting at the end of an extremely long supply chain in a foreign land, and were charged with the difficult task of ending the rebellion and returning British rule to the 13 colonies without starting a cycle of constant uprising and insurgency.
The book covers the Boston campaign, where the Americans and British would each in turn besiege and occupy Boston. It's during this we meet men such as Henry Knox and Nathanael Greene, as well as officers that you likely never heard of in your history class. That said, I think Nathaniel Greene and Henry Knox make good examples of the general run of colonial officers. Both these men were still young men, with no experience in warfare or in commanding large groups of men. Despite that they are able to rise to high rank and high responsibility based on their willingness to work and sacrifice to get that work done. Course they had to do a lot of on the job learning which led to spectacular successes, driven by the fact that no one told them what they were trying to do was impossible. As well as rather obvious failures, also driven by the fact that they weren't entirely sure what was possible and what wasn't. We're given a good example of this in Henry Knox, whose family situation also serves as a microcosm of what America as a whole was going through. Henry Knox was a self made man, the eldest son who when his father died turned to working to support his family at the age of twelve (this is a common refrain in the colonial ranks, including George Washington's father, who died when the General was eleven). He worked up to owning his own book store which ended up being a fashionable hang out for loyalist Americans and his wife was the daughter (Lucy Flucker) of a noted Loyalist family. His brother in law served in the British Army and after the war, his in laws fled to England and never returned. Henry Knox's fortunes were sealed by his expedition to Ticonderoga. On Henry's suggestion George Washington sent him to steal some cannons from a pair of British forts and bring them back to Boston. In the dead of winter. Using wooden, ox drawn wagons and sleds. The cannons weighted 60 tons and the distance was 300 miles. If you're not sure why this is a big deal, I invite you to load down your car with as many heavy objects as possible, drive it off road and then try to push it uphill for 3 miles.
The battles for New York and Long Island are also covered. More attention is paid to the American side of things than the British side but there still plenty of care put on both, detailing things such as on the British side General Howe and General Clinton's inability to get along. There's also some social gossip such as General Howe's supposed affair with Mrs. Elizabeth Loring. It's here that we see how much George Washington had to learn as frankly the American forces are shown being outsmarted, out-maneuvered and out fought by the British. General Washington's forces weren't just pushed out of New York without putting up much of a fight, they were also chased clear across New Jersey by the British without managing to win any major battles and losing the vast majority of the minor ones. Mr. McCullough doesn't try to marginalize this, he is very clear in showing just how vastly superior British Arms were in 1776. At this point it shouldn't be a surprise though. While modern Americans may be justly smug in their claim to having the best logistical system on the planet and honestly pretty much of all of human history; in the Revolutionary War our logistics, that is the system of getting supplies to soldiers, was so awful that the British were getting their powder, uniforms and weapons shipped across an ocean and they were still better supplied than us. So the American Troops were clothed in rags, had next to no ammo, a shortage of weapons, boots, firewood and basically a shortage of every needed supply except enemies. Add in that many troops had only volunteered for short periods and hadn't been paid for a large chunk of their enlistments. The fact that Washington held the army together as an operational force, while constantly avoiding contact with a better supplied and trained army, in the middle of winter in New England and New Jersey.... Well despite having constant tactical loses and failures, General Washington still comes out looking like an amazing leader of men.
That said the book does end on a high note if you're an American Patriot, with the battle of Trenton. Needing a victory, after being chased out of two colonies and having lost Boston and New York City Washington elected to attack across the Delaware river on Christmas striking at an isolated post of Hessians. Hessians were German mercenaries hired by King George III to help bring his armies up to strength. The book discusses them in greater length but I will note for the record that the Hessians were not popular with the Americans and often accused of war crimes (most often of killing surrendering rebel troops, which the British do seem to confirm, if not as commonly as Americans accuse). For that matter British officers were also prone to accusing the Hessians of war crimes, especially when parts of New Jersey went up flames and was looted by the British forces. Anyways Trenton helped maintain faith in the Revolution at a time when everything seemed grim and Mr. McCullough walks us through it and the aftermath of the battle.
The book only focuses on a single year, so if you're looking for a general text on the Revolutionary war, this isn't it. It does however give a good look at what may have been the grimmest year in our history and lets us see how close we came to having the Republic snuffed out in the very year of its birth. It's an appreciation for the challenges we've faced in the past I find that helps us maintain faith in the future. If you're looking for a book that focuses on part of the Revolution or you're interested in seeing the first brutal lessons that shaped the Continental Army and George Washington... Then this is the book for you. 1776 by David McCullough gets an A from me.
Next week we return to fiction. Keep reading.
Other reviews about the Revolutionary War:
http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2016/05 ... erica.html
http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2015/07 ... us-by.html
Posted: Fri Jul 13, 2018 10:41 pm
Shadow of an Empire
by Max Florschutz
This isn't Mr. Florshutz’ first appearance in this review series, back in April of 2017, I reviewed his cyberpunk novel Colony (link at the bottom of this review). Mr. Florschutz was kind of enough to offer me a free copy of Colony, which I appreciated. Shadow of an Empire was not a free copy; Mr. Florshutz offered but I honestly wanted to support a talented writer. That said, what follows is my honest opinion of the work.
Shadow of an Empire is a Western (in the literary not geopolitical sense) style fantasy novel, set in a world recovering from a civilization-ending apocalypse. A world where people and animals have been strangely affected by this Armageddon but have managed to rebuild civilization and achieve a level of industrialization. Before I get into that though, let me talk about the western a bit. The Western is an incredibly American setting and style of writing, rooted in what is in many ways a unique historical experience. Despite that or perhaps because of it, it has drawn a lot of attention internationally, from the Spaghetti Westerns (western movies directed and produced by Italians, which also launched Clint Eastwood to megastardom) to Japanese anime. I think part of it is it's a style of writing and setting that seems to translate well to fanastic settings. You don't have to set your western in the United States of 1800. You can set it on a science fiction colony world in the far future, you can set it on some fantasy world with magic and elves, you can set it on an alternate earth or a post apocalyptic wasteland. The elements you need are easily recognizable and fairly distinct. You start with a stark, harsh but beautiful land with an unforgiving climate, then you add native cultures in conflict with more technologically advanced newcomers who represent the leading edge of an expanding empire or nation. Plant rugged self-sufficient characters, some of whom have a questionable relationship with the law but most of them with a firm sense of right and wrong (although you can successfully dispense with that in some cases) as the center of your narrative. These characters must struggle against their environment and fellow men. Ensure that the expanding nation's grip is loose and it's government distant. Apply a healthy topping of violent problem solving, traditionally with rifles and revolvers. With this you have the basics of a western story, but just like cake is more then a list of it's ingredients, a genre is more then it's setting elements and themes. Let's talk about this specific story and see what kind of cake Mr. Florshutz has to offer us.
Shadow of an Empire is set in the Outlands, a remote and arid wilderness that’s sparsely settled by tough independent folk who prefer to be left alone by a government that stays distant. It exists between two heavily settled coasts ruled by the Empire, an expanding industrial civilization knit together by steam engine trains that run through the Outlands. The Empire rules the Outlands with a light touch because there's not much out there justifying a heavy presence and the folks who live there are quiet. That light touch is personified in our main character Salitore Amazd, imperial adjudicator. Adjudicator's are lawmen with broad but limited powers who seem to serve the same function as US marshals. They track down criminals at the behest of the peacekeepers and local governments of the land and deliver them back dead or alive as needed. Salitore is a veteran of the job, being able to survive alone in the harsh conditions of the Outlands, track his targets and trade unkind words or if needed bullets with those same targets. It's a life that keeps him on the move and with few close friends but it's also a life that Salitore loves as he spends most of his time under a wide open sky doing work that matters. It's also a life that is under threat, because down-at-the-heels nobleman turned-petty-criminal named Nirren has decided to jump to the big leagues. Nirren makes his jump from petty criminal to most wanted man in the Empire by staging a jail break, breaking out thirty-seven of the most dangerous killers, rapists, and thieves in the Empire from a train meant to take them to the Empires hardest jail. If that wasn't enough, Nirren also sent a letter to all the major newspapers declaring he had done so to liberate the Outlands from the rule of the Empire, claiming that the prisoners were just the first in a wave of revolution. Worse than that however? Nirren also claims to the newspapers that Salitore Amazd is in on the scheme. So to protect the people and the land that he loves, Salitore has to figure out just what Nirren is up to, track him and his band of cold blooded killers down and figure out how he's gonna take them out when he does so. It might have been easier if he had just stayed out in the desert honestly.
Luckily Salitore isn't alone in this; he has the help of Meelo Karn, imperial inquisitor. Inquisitors are not religious figures here but law enforcement officers who have the authority to go anywhere and use any resource while investigating or attempting to stop a crime. They're kinda like an turbo charged FBI. They mostly operate in urban environments but for a threat like this, well sometimes you gotta leave your comfort zone. Meelo Karn is a capable young lady who is a rising star in the Inquisition, being the youngest person ever promoted to her rank, she is, as you might guess, a driven professional who wants to make the world a little safer for other people. While she's not an expert in dealing with wilderness conditions, she can handle herself in a fight and is a skilled investigator. A lot of the book rests on the interaction between Meelo and Salitore; luckily the two characters play off each other rather well. In a kind of a break from modern convention, there's not a lot of quipping humor here but instead straightforward conversation and professionalism carry this relationship. Additionally what personality clashes there are get solved in a reasonable adult manner. This might not sound like a lot but after watching a number of writers drag out interpersonal drama for the sake of padding the story? I kinda enjoy it. It shows that you don't need artificially generated drama and angst to tell a good story. Mr. Florshutz manages to write Meelo and Salitore without making them into unconvincing idealists or turning them into jaded cynics. So instead we get a pair of people who know that there's a lot of bad in the world but there's plenty of good people and good things worth defending and taking satisfaction in their ability to do so.
Meelo's also got her own nemesis in Lady Varay, a crazed serial killer who targets men and carries a grudge against Meelo for catching her and getting her locked away in the first place. Giving Meelo a personal enemy in the group was a good call because it adds a personal element to the struggle. The story is told entirely from Salitore and Meelo's point of view and we never really get a first hand look at the insider of the villain's head. This helps preserves the mystery of what Nirran's plans are and what he's doing but it runs the risk of making the conflict between him and our heroes abstract at times, as they're mostly opposing each other on the grounds of one of them being a pair of law enforcers and another being a career criminal. This could have been a weakness of the book but instead it gives the plot an air of mystery as Salitore and Meelo struggle not just to chase down Nirran and his crew, but to figure out just what it is they think they're doing and how they're going to stop them while outnumbered about twenty to one. Mr. Florshutz also uses a good amount of action and suspense to avoid that, giving both our main characters secrets that they are holding but that he hints to throughout the book using the reveal of each secret to best effect.
The world itself is an interesting one as well. This is a world climbing back from the depths of a dark age so complete that few people remember the past at all. It's a world where people display strange abilities and powers, like being to absorb light and generate it, or sound, or heat, or kinetic energy. Nor are humans the only ones who are developing powers beyond the norm. Creatures like the Chort use their ability to absorb light and sound to aide in their hunting of the native cattle of the Outland, huge creatures that can have up to three pairs of horns and grow larger than a wagon. Mr. Florshutz also does well in showing how such powers would intertwine with technology by giving us steam trains that can run longer and further then they ever could due to men and women called boilers for their ability to absorb and redirect heat. This is taken to extreme degrees with the creation of the gray knights, steam powered one-man mechanical suits that are only made possible by the pilot being a boiler.
There are events outside the immediate story that are commented on and allowed to run alongside the main plot until they pay off. For example we have a running political thread of noble houses feuding with each other in the story taking up space in the newspapers, and the growing rift in the Wander tribes. Natives to the Outlands, some of them are willing to coexist peacefully with settlers like Salitore but others are choosing more violent reactions to the encroachment on their traditional lands. Mr. Florschutz avoids infodumping, instead just seeding information into the story, letting it come up naturally through the plot and having each revelation feed into the next. By building up on each revelation, the reader is able to get a good feel for what is and what is not possible in the world and isn't bogged down by paragraphs explaining details that we don't honestly need to know. The result is a setting that draws you into the story and becomes a character in it's own right.
In Shadow of an Empire, Mr. Florschutz creates a tightly woven story with gun battles, fist fights, and death-defying rides; all in the service of solving a mystery while on horseback. He does this against a background of a harsh but beautiful environment under a hot sun. Despite the temperature change I can't help but feel that much of this is pulled from his earlier life in Alaska, which remains the last bastion of the American Frontier (speaking as an Alaskan… yes. Yes it is.). There were a couple plot reveals that didn't quite work for me but they didn't bog down the story too much, and I won’t say which ones because I don’t want to spoil the story. For the most part the secrets that are revealed are decently foreshadowed so they don't feel like solutions pulled out of nowhere but aren't so heavily foreshadowed that you find yourself wanting him to just get on with it. It's a very different book from Colony and shows that Mr. Florschutz is capable of a good amount of flexibility in his writing and I look forward to seeing what else he can bring to the table in the future. I will note that Shadow of an Empire is a good bit shorter than Colony and they are both only available on Kindle at the moment. Hopefully we can see him arrive in print someday. Shadow of an Empire by Mr. Florschutz gets an A-.
Next week, upon your request readers, the book that led to many a childhood trauma. Watership Down. Keep Reading!
If you would like to see my review of Colony by Max Florshutz click the link below!
http://frigidreads.blogspot.com/2017/04 ... chutz.html
By Richard Adams
"You needn't worry about them," said his companion. "They'll be alright - and thousands like them."
Richard Adams was born May 9th in 1920, in Wash Common near Newbury, England. He attended Bradfield college from 1933 to 1938, moving on to Worcester College in Oxford to study modern history. In 1940 he was drafted into the British Army, and served in Palestine, Europe, and the far East as a member of the Royal Army Service Corps (which served as the logistics wing of the British Army) but saw no direct combat with Axis Powers. After being mustered out in 1946, he returned to Worcester College and earned a Bachelors in 1948, and an MA in 1953. In 1949 he married his wife Barbara. After gaining his Bachelors he went into the British Civil Service and started writing in his spare time. His first book, the subject of our review, was released in 1972 after several rejections (let that stand as a reminder to keep trying young writers!) and received immediate acclaim. Mr. Adams would go on to have a long successful career as a writer. He would pass away on Christmas Eve 2016 (Damn you 2016!), and is survived by his daughters, grandchildren and great children, as well as the books he left behind for all of us. There are worse legacies to have.
Watership Down actually started as a story Mr. Adams told his daughters in a car ride, this was before you could hand your kid a phone or tablet to keep them busy on long rides and fathers were obliged to entertain their children before they found their own entertainment. The story was good enough that his daughters insisted that he write it down and wondrously enough he did. The book would earn a number of rewards, winning the Carnegie Medal from the Library Association and in 2003 was voted 47th best book of all time. It would have a sequel released in 1996, Tales from Watership Down and has been made into a film, a cartoon series, and this year will be made into a miniseries by Netflix. The movie is well known for being marketed as a children’s film and having cute bunnies killed all over the place and being a bit disturbing if you're a young child; especially once the main villain shows up (I think there could be a sort of meta-story about this. A children’s book titled “Little Timmy’s First Childhood Trauma” or something along those lines; about a six year old watching Watership Down.). Still not a bad run for a car ride story.
Watership Down is a story about a band of rabbits fleeing the foretold destruction of their home and attempting to build a new life for themselves in a hostile and dangerous world. The story manages to mirror elements of both the Aeneid and the Odyssey. This is done both with the set up; a vision of coming destruction compels a young leader to gather followers and flee into the wilds, and the plot itself; the characters have to resist temptations and dangers both hidden and overt in a long journey home. This is reinforced by the characters who match a number of archetypes. Hazel is the clever and wise leader who uses his quick wits and the ability to manage his rabbits abilities to solve their problems. Fiver, the rabbit who gives the prophecy that starts the whole thing is the adviser with one foot in the spirit world. Big Wig is the large, strong, brave hero, confronting the dangers of the world with grit and pure raw force; being willing to fight cats, stoates, and other predatory creatures (Which totally breaks my suspension of disbelief because if you’ve ever seen stoates go after rabbits, the one thing you can hear in your mind from the other rabbits is “better you than me, buddy!”). We also have rabbits like Blackberry whose ability to understand and grasp concepts that other rabbits can't is very helpful; and Dandelion the story teller who provides us a number of tales within the tale. There are in fact a good number of characters in the story and if I'm gonna be honest, there might be too many characters, because a good number of the rabbits start blurring together after a couple of chapters. That said there are rabbits that stand out like the ones listed above, but they don't get as much time on center stage as I would like so outside of Hazel and Bigwig, they seem a bit underdeveloped. However, the interactions between the rabbits and their shared struggles does help cover for that and carry the book forward.
What sets it apart from many other stories is the attention to detail to the cultural life of the rabbits and their religious and social beliefs. In short the rabbits don't feel like humans wearing fursuits. While they're presented as close enough to human that we can understand and sympathize with them, they’re different enough that you are constantly reminded that these characters are not human and you shouldn't think of them as human. This is partly done by the stories told within the story of El-ahrairah, whose name literally means prince with a thousand enemies. El-ahrairah serves as a rabbit folk hero, role model, and figure of hope and deliverance. The book is peppered with small tales of El-ahrairah battles with foes both supernatural and natural as he attempts to provide for rabbit-kind and show proper rabbit behavior. He does this by out racing and out-witting his many enemies. Because if they catch him, they will kill him, but first they must catch him. We also see in the story that El-ahrairah is the combination of all heroic rabbits, as we see the actions of mortal rabbits woven into El-ahrairah tales. In this way El-ahrairah becomes the promise of immortality for rabbit-kind, while Hazel and Big Wig themselves may die and even be forgotten, their deeds will live on as part of El-ahrairah. This is even referenced in the rabbit's creation myth, which states that while individual rabbits may die, as long as they are cunning and alert, they can never be destroyed. So even if individual heroes may be forgotten, their actions remain remembered through El-ahrairah (I’ll admit, I kinda like this).
There's a fair bit of social commentary of a sort buried in the novel as well. We are presented with four different rabbit warrens with different cultures, structures, and mores. For example in the first warren, the one that Hazel and Fiver led the flight from, there is a fair amount of freedom but creeping inequality and an increasingly settled social structure means that Fiver finds a ready audience for his pronouncements that they must leave. With the exception of Big Wig and Silver, most of the rabbits who follow him and Hazel are rabbits on the margins of that society. Refusing to listen to the rabbits on the margins spells doom for that warren as it is destroyed to make way for human development. The next warren is one that has traded freedom for safety and as Ben Franklin noted lost both; it's a warren that is being... Farmed by a human being. He leaves food for the rabbits and kills off their predators but also leaves snares about the warren to kill a portion of their population for their meat and skins. Because food is left for them, the rabbits have a lot of spare time and have developed music, poetry, and art. However because they know they live in a giant trap their art has grown depressed and morbid. This warren comes off as a combination of the Lotus Eaters of the Odyssey and the Eloi from the time machine (with the human farmer as the Morlock). If I’m being honest, I think the growing horror of the situation is very well done (And so are the rabbits. Mmmm rabbit stew.). The third warren is a dystopian police state run by General Woundwort and his hand picked officers. Using the threat of discovery by humans, they force the rabbits living within to live lives of extreme regimentation. Feeding and emerging from their burrows in shifts and divided into sections run by officers who dictate every facet of life within the warren. This warren is presented as a short term success of sorts; it's suffering from overpopulation. In a normal warren this would be solved by some of the rabbits going off and forming their own warren but our power mad general will not allow a single rabbit to go beyond his ability to control them. In addition to that he even grabs any rabbit he finds and press gangs them into his warren. It's this that generates the main conflict of the novel as the fourth and last warren, the one founded by our main characters, is an egalitarian warren. Hazel is chief rabbit not because he's the biggest and strongest or because of family connections but because everyone agrees he's the right rabbit for the job. General Woundwort cannot allow such a warren to exist and present an alternative to his paranoid prison of a society so he must destroy it, especially after the rabbits under Hazel's command successfully defy him. For that matter it isn't strength that defeats the General but cunning, trickery, and good old-fashioned teamwork.
It's another piece of commentary that the main villains of the piece aren't stoates, hawks, cats or even foxes but other rabbits. Despite being surrounded by creatures that literally want to eat them alive, they simply cannot stop fighting each other. General Woundwort would say that he offers total safety from the creatures that would endanger rabbit-kind but he does so by imprisoning the rabbits he says he would lead. Hazel does not offer safety but freedom and trusts in not just his cunning and skill to maintain the rabbits in his charge but in the combined efforts of his rabbits. An extra bit of irony is the fact that General Woundwort never really understands that it's Hazel who is his main adversity here. Because General Woundwort is so focused on physical and military strength, he fails to understand the nature of his enemy and that ends up being his greatest weakness. It's an honest point that unfree societies often do not and cannot understand free ones. To use real life examples, the Soviet Union never really understood the United States and it's internal workings despite their many espionage successes. In one piece of history I read, Soviet agents were sure that the result of Nixon's impeachment would that a Democrat from the Senate would be installed as President and were flabbergasted when Ford actually succeeded to the office. For that matter their greatest danger before running into General Woundwort was the Lotus Eater Warren, where they were almost tricked into certain death by the rabbits here, who invited them in cynically knowing that having rabbits unused to being snared would increase their own odds of survival (That sounds more like real rabbits to me). While Predators are present in the world of Watership Down, they aren't the main danger to rabbit-kind, instead it's the dark side of their own natures that often present the greatest of dangers to them.
As for humanity, we're presented as a cross between fey creatures and ogres. A rabbit cannot hope to fight or bargain with us so it is best that rabbits avoid us entirely. Our technology is beyond their ken and our motives are senseless and gross to them. All rabbits know is that we do as we wish and they suffer what they must from us. There's a bit of an environmental message buried in the book and Mr. Adams was known for his support of environmentalism and animal rights throughout his life (he was even the president of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals from 1980 to 1982). That said, the book doesn't beat us over the head with it and does make a point to show humanity's capability of benevolence towards animals as well. So the rabbits and their struggles remain very much the centerpiece of the book without veering into a polemic about the evils of humanity. I found myself really enjoying rabbit culture and different societies presented in the book and I found the characters who were developed quite enjoyable but like I said earlier there are too many characters to develop them all and that means that some areas are not explored. For example Fiver's visions or spirit quests are something I wish could have been explored a bit more. Additionally no female character gets much time or attention, making this a very male centered drama. To be honest I don’t see anything wrong with a male centered story or even a story made up of just one gender or another. But the female characters that do exist here are shown mostly as objectives for the male characters or as a means to an end. Most of the female characters aren’t allowed to have their own agendas or characterization; which frankly drags the book down. This might be a reflection of the time the book was written in or may be a consequence of the already massive cast but it’s still not a great way to write female characters. So it drags down the story, otherwise it’s a good story with plenty of adventure if aimed at a younger audience then usual for this review series. I'm giving Watership Down by Richard Adams a B.
Next week, because you lot asked for it, we look at the cartoon series. Season I. Keep reading.
Watership Down (TV Series)
Produced by Martin Rosen
Let it never be said I won't try to meet the requests of my readers. There were several requests for Watership Down (the novel) and out of those requests, it was mentioned that there was a cartoon series I should look at as well. So here we are. Reviewing a children's cartoon. Altered Carbon this is not (Few things are).
Watership Down the cartoon was a joint project between Alltime Entertainment of the United Kingdom and Decode Entertainment of Canada (with involvement by the Canadian Television Fund). It aired from for three seasons from 1999 to 2001, for a total of about 39 episodes. Which is about an average run for a cartoon series. While it was released on VHS and DVD in the United States, I could find no evidence that it actually aired in the US, though it did air in a number of nations, including the UK, Ireland, Germany, Greece, Israel, Japan, South Africa and Portugal and of course Canada. The show is very British in its environment and characters, with Bigwig sounding like he should be leading an RAF wing against the Luftwaffe for example, but given that we are talking about a band of rabbits in England, this does make a certain amount of sense (It’s almost like they’re british rabbits being voiced by british actors or something insane like that). As usual for non-book reviews there will two scores given. The first will be of the series as it stands alone and the second scoring it as an adaptation of the book. I should note I only watched the first season because... Look folks, I am not watching 39 episodes of a children's cartoon. I'm just not, the books won't read themselves.
The cartoon cuts down the cast massively choosing to focus on 5 rabbits, Hazel, Bigwig, Fiver, Blackberry and Pipkin; although secondary characters will move in and out of focus in different episodes. The series starts with them (along with Hawkbit and Dandelion) already having escaped from their old warren and being out in the open. The first season covers the story of our main characters encountering the warren of the shining wire (the warren where the rabbits are fed by a man so he can harvest them via snares) fleeing that warren and establishing Watership Down. It also covers their first encounter with Erafa and General Woundwort and the ensuing conflict. The series does a good job of moving the story forward, even if it does drag out some of the conflicts and keeps returning to problems that were solved last episode. So instead of a never-ending status quo, there's an actual story being told here. That said, the padding of things out by returning to old soup is a bit grating. We don't need the discussion of whether or not bucks should dig to drag out for three episodes, or Bigwig having to learn a lesson three times before it sticks. It gets tiresome. The show emphasizes using trickery and cunning to solve problems instead of violence, which is appropriate for the age range of its audience. It also leans on the idea that teamwork is important and you need to learn to work with the people around you. I don't disagree with any of these lessons but well... Children's cartoon. Even then there are some things I found highly puzzling, like who the hell locks their dog into their garden as a means of deterring rabbits. If I had done that, my dog would have dug up half the garden and saved the rabbits the trouble (My dog would have made friends with the rabbits). Also there's an episode involving the rabbits having to escape a greenhouse with a python hunting them... That just can't be legal! I mean who builds a greenhouse in the middle of forest and sticks an invasive predator in it!?! That's downright irresponsible and the kind of thinking that lead to foreign species practically overrunning the Everglades.
(Hi folks, I’m splitting this into its own paragraph. Now, this is the UK, so if they python gets out it will die but WTF!? Who does that? Who builds a greenhouse in the middle of the woods? Who puts a python in a greenhouse? Ok, I actually know some people who do that but at least they secure the greenhouse and it’s in a sensible place like their yard or something! I literally can’t even! I am professionally offended by this bullshit. At least in Redwall the snake is a native species and he’s free-range!)
As a cartoon... I'm not sure my grade is fair. I think five year old me would really liked this, but we're a good three decades away from five year old me. So I'll give it a C-. I wouldn't ever watch this again, unless I was being paid perhaps, but I didn't loathe it or anything...
Now let's talk about it as an adaptation, because wow there are a lot of changes from the book! First, Blackberry is now a girl. This doesn't bother me all that much because the book was a bit of a boys only club. While it does mean making a large number of changes down the road since the root of the conflict between Watership Down and Erafa was that Watership Down needed does because as an all buck warren they were kinda doomed to population collapse. Making Blackberry a girl and reducing the starting cast from 16 to 7 kinda means it harder to use that line (Also: Holy Inbreeding, Batman! They’re grandkids are gonna be like a spanish Habsburg!). I can't criticize them to harshly for this since “We need girls to make babies” isn't a plot line I would trot out to entertain 5 year olds either. (That is where we differ! I would use it as a teachable moment in operational sex ratios, inbreeding depression, and life history theory. Likely until The Children(™) concussed themselves on the walls!{This is why we don’t let you produce, write or direct children’s cartoon Doc}) What is interesting is how they made the conflict more ideological; with Woundwort not being able to stand the idea that Hazel was leading a warren that didn't operate like his. Which is another change. In the book Woundwort is totally focused on Bigwig and doesn't even realize that it's Hazel that is his main adversary. This helps underline the blindness of the system that Woundwort has created, as it is completely unable to understand other methods of authority and leadership. In the cartoon, while Woundwort isn't happy with Bigwig, it's Hazel he's focused on. This is a change that does rob a bit of subtly from the story. The story itself is greatly extended as well partly as a result of the cast being so greatly pared down. The great escape from Erafa isn't ten does, it's one doe named Primrose and a single buck (This isn’t Britain anymore… THIS IS ARKANSAS!). Because of things like this the story drags out longer but feels smaller in scope. The change that stuck the most in my craw was the fact that there are only two stories told about El-ahrairah! With the mythology of the rabbits being one of my favorite parts of the book, I was not happy with this change. To be honest the rabbits are greatly anthropomorphized compared to the book as well and I was left thinking I could have easily been watching a story about hunter gatherer humans in some ways. As an adaption I have to give the cartoon a D.
So that's the cartoon! To which we're never going back! However, I do have surprise for y'all. Join me this Sunday for a review of the movie that brought trauma and fascination to a generation! That's right, we're doing the movie. Because y'all can't stop me. After that we're embarking on month long examination of an emerging genre, in August, we're going to be asking and hopefully answering the question of what the hell is Solarpunk! We start with the book The Windup Girl.
Red text is your editor, Dr Ben Allen.
Black text is your reviewer, Garvin Anders.
Watership Down (Film)
Directed by Martin Rosen
Martin Rosen was born in New York City in 1936 but would move to the United Kingdom with his wife while working as a theater agent and talent scout. Watership Down was the 3rd movie he produced, the first being a Canadian work A Great Big Thing in 1968, the second was Women in Love in 1969. He wrote the script for Watership Down and produced it. He also directed Watership when the original director John Hubley died. He also wrote and produced the 1982 adaption of Richard Adam's work Plague Dogs. Mr. Rosen would also produce the film Smooth Talk and the Watership Down cartoon series. He has since retired from active life.
The film itself was rather successful and was nominated for Hugo awards in 1978. It did well in the Anglo nations, Scandinavia, and Germany; but was less successful in Spain, where there were still a number of supporters of Franco's regime and in Japan which also has a complicated history with it's militarist government. What's best know about Watership Down is the fact that many parents doing no research into the matter thought that any film with cartoon bunnies were perfectly fine for small children (hehehHAHAHA BWAHAHAHAHA!). This wasn't helped by the British system declaring this film perfectly fine for anyone over four (Gotta love those anglo-sphere rating systems that disproportionately penalize sex over violence and give you a discount if the murder is animated.). I got a nephew who’s about five and I certainly wouldn't show him this film so... Way to drop the ball there folks. Anyways, that got the film a reputation as the film that traumatized an entire generation with scenes of blood, guts and bunny murder galore but does it live up to that reputation? Does this movie hold up 40 or so years after it's creation? As always I will be issuing two grades here. First how the movie stands on its own as a work and second how it stands as an adaptation. So let's discuss.
The movie like the book tells the story of Hazel and Fiver, who in response to Fiver's vision of imminent doom of their home warren, led an Exodus away from it to an unseen but promised land where they will live free and safe (Oh you sweet summer children…). The warren is somewhat oppressive, as the military caste has turned to bullying and stealing choice bits of food from the civilians; but hasn't sunk into a totalitarian state. Many of the rabbits who join Hazel and Fiver do so less out of belief in Fiver's visions and more for an excuse to strike out from a society that forcibly keeps them on the bottom rungs with no route of advancement (I see some prescient social commentary here.). However, they have to flee through dangerous territory braving predator-ridden woods and dealing with unforeseen dangers to do so. The movie does not pull punches about how dangerous this trip is for the rabbits, as they have to deal with rats, dogs, owls, hawks and more. Nor is it a trip without loss, as not everyone makes it the promise land. The main conflict doesn't really get going until the 2nd half of the movie when they have found their promised land and proceed to build a new warren. This is of course the conflict with the totalitarian warren Erafa ruled by General Woundwort. If the original warren was becoming hidebound, Erafa has become a full blown dictatorship where officers do as they please and everyone suffers as they must. The story mostly focuses on Hazel and Big Wig, with Fiver as a major character but taking a back seat to them in terms of characterization and screen time. The movie excels at using visuals to tell the story and set the scene, along with using music to reinforce both. We see the reality of Erafa shown to us in a short sequence that tells us everything we really need to know about such a society and why some rabbits would want to flee a place where they are safe from all predators... Well safe from all predators except their fellow rabbits. The stark contrasts between Erafa and Hazel’s group isn’t crudely hammered into but make completely clear just by seeing the two groups in operations. That said very little time is spent on developing Watership Down itself, part of this is due to the run time of the movie which is about an hour and a half. I kinda feel even another fifteen minutes would have been helpful on that front. It's also bogged down a bit by it's age. For example the extremely stylized scenes where they reveal the fate of the characters birth warren and Fiver's vision that leads him to Hazel come across as completely 70s to me. Clarity is thrown by the wayside in favor of animation sequences that seem to assume you’re using some sort of chemical assistance while watching the film. The scene where they reveal that the warren had been destroyed was fairly nightmarish yes, but so heavily stylized that I wouldn't be entirely sure what I was seeing without the voice over. Additionally replacing Fiver’s vision quest to find Hazel when he’s wounded with a musical dance routine with the bunny grim reaper wasn’t a choice I could get behind either. I can't help but feel that a modern remake would likely do a better job getting those scenes across to the audience. That said the movie isn't bad, especially if you're going to use it as an example of it's time. Watership Down the film gets a C+ from me.
It's run time is however a massive chain around the film's neck in regards to being a good adaptation. Entire subplots are axed and characters banished to oblivion. Big Wig's moment of glory, his undercover mission to Errafa is cut down quite a bit in order to have room for the main battle. Fiver's part in that battle is nearly written out entirely! For that matter Fiver is increasingly shoved into the background as the film goes on, his visions and spirit quests are mostly written out of the movie, which is frankly a shame as they helped give the novel a mystical quality. Strangely enough some of Hazel's moments are undermined ever so slightly to make Big Wig look stronger (as if he needed the help!). With the exception of the prologue of the movie showing the Rabbit Creation Myth and Fall from Grace, all the El-ahrairah are cut right out of the movie. Which is entirely understandable as you only get 90 minutes to tell the whole story so the myths are expendable, but man I would really like to see them all done on screen. As they're a great show of how storytelling mythology works in a non-literate society. The rabbits are also made more human, which I feel was unnecessary. Having the rabbits be noticeable less human and more rabbit would have been an interesting touch. Although I can understand why a movie maker wouldn't want to take that risk. Honestly if I was doing these reviews in the 1990s or early 2000s, it would get a high grade but adaptations have markedly improved in recent years so the standards have slowly climbed upwards and onwards. As an adaptation I have to give it a C-. In earlier darker times I might have given it a B or more but thankfully we are past that.
Well that's all done. Next week, we begin Solarpunk month! Join me for The Windup Girl and after that the Waterknife! Keep reading!
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Home DePaul University Yearbooks The Trail of the Padres, page 181
Minerval Easter 1916
The Trail of the Padres, page 181
travellers, attracted by its fruitful orchards, loved to stop. It was, too, the home of Padre Catala, the “Holy man of Santa Clara.” It was the Indians of the Mission who gave him the name, El Santo, on account of the many wonderful works he performed.
In 1782, the Padres founded the Mission of San Buenaventura, in a fertile valley on the Ventura river. From one end of California to the other, the Mission and its gardens were known as the “Garden of Buena Ventura.” Today, however, nothing of the Mission is left. From 1797 to 1823, it was the home of Padre Senan, one of the historians of the Franciscans in California, and one time Father President of the Missions.
Thirty-two miles from San Buenaventura stands the Mission of Santa Barbara, founded December 4th, 1786. The location of this Mission is wonderful; but the same may be said for all the Missions.
The first building erected was a little adobe chapel; but the Santa Barbara community grew so large and so fast that one new building after another was needed. The present Mission building, the fourth erected, was completed in 1820. The Mission as it stands today, a very fine piece of architecture and one of the best preserved, was erected by Padre Antonio Ripoll. The Mission of Santa Barbara is the only one that has never been without the Franciscans. It, too, was the residence of the first Bishop of California, the Franciscan, Francis Garcia Diego y Moreno, who died at the Mission in 1846. The Mission of Santa Barbara, a favorite spot for all tourists, is rich in history.
On December 8th, 1787, was founded La Mision de la Purisima Concepcion de la Santisima Virgen Maria, Madre de Dios y Nuestra Senora. Naturally a name so long was shortened for common usage, and the Mission was known as La Purisima. The Mission was destroyed by an earthquake on December 21st, 1812, and today little is to be seen of it, except a few walls of adobe. The Padres moved to a spot four miles away on the banks of the Santa Ines river.
The Mission of Santa Cruz was established in 1791, and for years was one of the flourishing Missions. Its gardens supplied the trading ships of the Coast with food ; its site, overlooking the waters of Monterey Bay, was grand and majestic; but it was always a sort of solitary Mission. It was off El Camino Real and out of the way of travellers. Today there is only a tablet to mark the spot. The last trace of the Mission itself has disappeared, and what was once a beautiful reality is now only a memory.
In October, 1791, the Mission Nuestra Senora Delorosisima de la Soledad was founded, Soledad—the abbreviated form of the Mission’s name.—is situated near the Salinas river in the Soledad vallev. It is remarkable for its lack of the charm and beauty that characterized the other Missions. In its day it was true to its nature and accomolished its work. Secularization put its blightine hand upon it and left it in ruins. From 1803 to 1818, it was the home of the famous Padre Antonio Jaime.
The vear 1797 was fruitful in Missions. The first was founded on June 11th, and its title in full was La Mision del Gloriosisimo Patri-arca Senor San Jose. The original site of the Mission is not the modern town of San Jose, but some seventeen miles away, near the
Identifier Minerval-Easter1916
Title Minerval Easter 1916
Description Easter issue of The DePaul Minerval, published 1916.
Identifier Minerval-Easter1916_049
Title The Trail of the Padres, page 181
Full Text travellers, attracted by its fruitful orchards, loved to stop. It was, too, the home of Padre Catala, the “Holy man of Santa Clara.” It was the Indians of the Mission who gave him the name, El Santo, on account of the many wonderful works he performed. In 1782, the Padres founded the Mission of San Buenaventura, in a fertile valley on the Ventura river. From one end of California to the other, the Mission and its gardens were known as the “Garden of Buena Ventura.” Today, however, nothing of the Mission is left. From 1797 to 1823, it was the home of Padre Senan, one of the historians of the Franciscans in California, and one time Father President of the Missions. Thirty-two miles from San Buenaventura stands the Mission of Santa Barbara, founded December 4th, 1786. The location of this Mission is wonderful; but the same may be said for all the Missions. The first building erected was a little adobe chapel; but the Santa Barbara community grew so large and so fast that one new building after another was needed. The present Mission building, the fourth erected, was completed in 1820. The Mission as it stands today, a very fine piece of architecture and one of the best preserved, was erected by Padre Antonio Ripoll. The Mission of Santa Barbara is the only one that has never been without the Franciscans. It, too, was the residence of the first Bishop of California, the Franciscan, Francis Garcia Diego y Moreno, who died at the Mission in 1846. The Mission of Santa Barbara, a favorite spot for all tourists, is rich in history. On December 8th, 1787, was founded La Mision de la Purisima Concepcion de la Santisima Virgen Maria, Madre de Dios y Nuestra Senora. Naturally a name so long was shortened for common usage, and the Mission was known as La Purisima. The Mission was destroyed by an earthquake on December 21st, 1812, and today little is to be seen of it, except a few walls of adobe. The Padres moved to a spot four miles away on the banks of the Santa Ines river. The Mission of Santa Cruz was established in 1791, and for years was one of the flourishing Missions. Its gardens supplied the trading ships of the Coast with food ; its site, overlooking the waters of Monterey Bay, was grand and majestic; but it was always a sort of solitary Mission. It was off El Camino Real and out of the way of travellers. Today there is only a tablet to mark the spot. The last trace of the Mission itself has disappeared, and what was once a beautiful reality is now only a memory. In October, 1791, the Mission Nuestra Senora Delorosisima de la Soledad was founded, Soledad—the abbreviated form of the Mission’s name.—is situated near the Salinas river in the Soledad vallev. It is remarkable for its lack of the charm and beauty that characterized the other Missions. In its day it was true to its nature and accomolished its work. Secularization put its blightine hand upon it and left it in ruins. From 1803 to 1818, it was the home of the famous Padre Antonio Jaime. The vear 1797 was fruitful in Missions. The first was founded on June 11th, and its title in full was La Mision del Gloriosisimo Patri-arca Senor San Jose. The original site of the Mission is not the modern town of San Jose, but some seventeen miles away, near the
Easter Musing, page 145
The Grand Fact, page 146
Miriam of Magdala, page 151
Rev. Joseph McAuliffe, C.M.
The Father of American...
Double-Crosses, page 171
His Own Mail-Man, page 184
The Origin of the Criminal Law of...
A Rustic Idyl, page 193
In Old Quebec, page 196
Guilty!, page 198
Brushwood, page 201
In Memoriam Rev. Joseph...
Funeral Sermon, page 210
Exchange Department, page 220
From Other Sanctums, page 224
Nonsense, page 256
- Table of Contents
- Easter Musing, page 145
- The Grand Fact, page 146
- Miriam of Magdala, page 151
- Rev. Joseph McAuliffe, C.M.
- The Father of American Literature, page 164
- Double-Crosses, page 171
- The Trail of the Padres, page 178
- His Own Mail-Man, page 184
- The Origin of the Criminal Law of England, page 188
- A Rustic Idyl, page 193
- In Old Quebec, page 196
- Guilty!, page 198
- Brushwood, page 201
- In Memoriam Rev. Joseph McAuliffe, C.M., page 206
- Funeral Sermon, page 210
- Exchange Department, page 220
- From Other Sanctums, page 224
- Nonsense, page 256
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Can a Beatles Fan Believe in ‘Yesterday’?
By newadmin / Published on Monday, 01 Jul 2019 23:24 PM / No Comments / 19 views
Yesterday is a movie full of existential questions: What if the Beatles never happened? What if nobody knew their songs? Would people still fall in love without “Eight Days a Week” to show them how? Would people feel sorry for themselves without “For No One” or “You’ve Got To Hide Your Love Away” or “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”? And what if we heard their songs now for the first time? And, most importantly: What if some charmless guitar-slinging douchebag just happened to show up one day with 100 or so of the greatest songs ever written?
It’s a movie that turns these existential queries into a Fab Four-themed rom-com, written by the British titan of the genre Richard Curtis, who’s made the claim that “the Beatles have been the most important thing in my life.” He bends the premise into a straight-down-the-middle love story where a woman spends the whole movie begging for some attention from a guy way below her league. The plot is basically, “I’m just a Sexy Sadie, standing in front of a Hey Jude, asking him to And I Love Her.”
“It’s not like a musical,” director Danny Boyle told Rolling Stone’s David Browne. “You’re not just covering the Beatles’ songs but recovering them from the dustbin of memory and re-presenting them to the world.” Imagine: An adult in 2019 thinking it’s necessary to rescue the Beatles from “the dustbin of memory.” But that’s the idea behind Yesterday.
Saving the Beatles from obscurity is a long and dotty Hollywood tradition. One of the Seventies’ most hyped flicks: The Bee Gees making a movie version of Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, starring themselves as the band and Peter Frampton as Billy Shears. “Kids today don’t know the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper,” Robin Gibb explained in 1977. “You see, there is no such thing as the Beatles. They don’t exist as a band and never performed Sgt. Pepper live, in any case. When ours comes out it will be, in effect, as if theirs never existed.”
Spoiler: Robin Gibb was slightly wrong about this.
People really thought this way in the Seventies, just as they do now. Hollywood gets frightful at the prospect of “kids today” forgetting the Beatles, who have never been in the slightest danger of being forgotten, least of all by kids, and whose music pimps itself better than anyone else has ever pimped it. So can a Beatles fan believe in Yesterday? Not surprisingly, it comes down to the music. The movie depends on the songs to carry the weight, and they deliver plenty of charm and emotion, even in the inferior remakes here. It’s a more enjoyable movie than the Bee Gees’ Sgt. Pepper, if only because it doesn’t have Steve Martin crooning “Maxwell’s Silver Hammer.”
Yesterday is the story of a sad sack named Jack (Hamish Patel), who gets hit by a bus and wakes up in a world where nobody knows about the Fabs except him. So he passes the songs off as his own, leading to fame and fortune. Nobody understands him except his lovesick manager Ellie, who keeps throwing herself at him until she’s got blisters on her fingers. (Ellie is played by the effervescent Lily James, a.k.a. Lady Rose on Downton Abbey, a.k.a. the young Meryl Streep in Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again.) She’s slightly too good for Jack, the way Paul McCartney was slightly too good for Denny Laine.
We are not talking about a Black Mirror episode here — there’s no attempt to have fun with the Twilight Zone possibilities. There’s no humor about the “butterfly effect” in erasing the Beatles from the world they changed. It’s a parallel universe where Coldplay and Neutral Milk Hotel exist without the Fabs, and where all the men have longish haircuts that would have been unthinkable before the mop tops came along. As British critic Dorian Lynskey noted, “‘A world without the Beatles is a world that’s infinitely worse,’ says one character, in a film where a world without the Beatles is almost exactly the same.”
The unfixed hole at the heart of Yesterday is the leading man, or lack thereof. Jack doesn’t have the charm, humor or charisma of Neil Aspinall, much less the Beatles. It’s hard to tell if Patel (famous from the British soap EastEnders) is an awful actor or it’s just a drearily conceived part, but as George put it so eloquently in A Hard Day’s Night, he’s a drag, a well-known drag. Jack’s only likeable quality is that he’s into the Pixies (he has their poster on his wall) and wears a Fratellis T-shirt. Honestly, the idea of a world where nobody knows the Beatles is nowhere near as surreal as a world where people remember the Fratellis. (Note: I love the Fratellis, and could sing their 2006 U.K. hit “Chelsea Dagger” for you right now.)
Yesterday would have been a much livelier tale if Ellie were the one with the guitar and Jack were her dour, no-fun manager. She has more of the Beatles’ spark. There’s a scene where Ellie joins him in the studio, banging her tambourine, singing along, and it’s an electric moment — ah yes, a rock group, people making music together. Then the moment ends, and Yesterday turns back into the continuing story of the grumpy dude with an acoustic guitar. But it continues the weirdest and most noxious trend in the nouveau breed of rock flicks, like A Star Is Born, Bohemian Rhapsody, The Dirt: there is never the slightest suggestion that female musicians exist. The idea just never comes up. (In A Star Is Born, when Gaga sleeps under a Carole King album cover, it’s a shock because Carole is the only other female presence in the movie who listens to music, much less performs it.)
Ed Sheeran gets the funniest moment, where he gives Jack notes on a song and convinces him to change it to “Hey Dude” — the movie could have used a lot more of that irreverent cheek. Ed is easily the film’s most enjoyable presence, willing to mock himself. There’s a scene where he banters on the plane with a roadie — “You might be right, enjoy the flight.” That’s an arcane in-joke for Swifties, based on Ed and Taylor’s bedtime texts. (“Like you said, Ed.” “That’s okay, Tay.”) It stands out because it’s one of the few moments where 21st century pop is acknowledged at all. (And it gives the pop girls in the theater a chance to one-up their know-it-all dads.) Kate McKinnon is hilarious hamming it up as an industry shark — the equivalent of Victor Spinetti in the Beatles’ flicks.
If you’re a hard-line pedantic Beatleologist, actively looking for things to hate, you won’t find any Bohemian Rhapsody-style factual gaffes to cluck over. (I say that as someone who actively enjoyed the errors in BoRhap — they were the comic highlights of the movie.) The closest thing is when Jack visits Liverpool to see the grave of Eleanor Rigby, a grave none of the Beatles ever visited or knew existed. It wasn’t until the Eighties anyone noticed there was a real-life Eleanor Rigby buried near Liverpool. When Paul wrote the song, he just made the name up. (Still, the grave does exist, and Paul recalls sneaking into that churchyard to party with John, so it’s a legit coincidence.)
Yesterday barely presents any of the songs in full, as if they felt we’d get bored after a verse or two. It takes nearly half the movie to get to any George songs, to the point where you start worrying they forgot George was in the band; when Jack visits L.A., we get snippets of “Here Comes The Sun” and “Something.” (But not George’s ode to L.A., “Blue Jay Way.”) The idea of “I Want To Hold Your Hand” as a solo folkie showcase is just absurd — the song is designed for hormonally crazed lunatics to scream together. The only singer in history to get away with a solo vocal on “I Want To Hold Your Hand” is Al Green, and no, Hamish Patel is not quite in Reverend Al’s league. At the very end of the movie, we get one complete song in its original Beatle performance. By then, you’re so hungry to hear the whole band, you want to stay for the credits.
But nothing about Jack’s rise to fame makes sense, really. He plays “Back in the U.S.S.R.” in Moscow without changing a word. (Fun fact: The Ukraine and Russia are no longer the same country! Thousands of people have been killed fighting over this!) There are no teenage girls in his audience, even though teenage girls invented the Beatles and everything halfway cool ever since. For a prototypical Beatle fan in 2019, just look to Emma Gonzalez, the Florida teen who became a gun-control (and LGBTQ) activist last year. She’s a Ringo stan who loves to wear her Fabs shirt in TV interviews and wrote on Twitter, “I feel like Beatles songs were made to be sung by powerful women.” Like so many fans, yesterday and today, she was only waiting for this moment to arise.
It never even enters Jack’s mind to use these songs to court women, which is weird because John, Paul, George and Ringo never made any effort to pretend that wasn’t their prime motivation. “Michelle” is a ditty Paul wrote in his teens for the specific purpose of impressing art-school girls at Liverpool parties by pretending he was French. As he says in the bio Many Years From Now, “Me trying to be enigmatic to make girls think, ‘Who’s that very interesting French guy over in the corner?’” But to Jack, it’s just another song title on just another Post-It on his wall.
For the Beatles, their music was all about communicating with women, either in their lives or in their audience. As Paul told Beatle scholar Mark Lewisohn in 1987, “At the time we were 18, 19, whatever, so you’re talking to all girls who are 17. We were quite conscious of that. We wrote for our market. We knew that if we wrote a song called ‘Thank You Girl’ that a lot of the girls who wrote us fan letters would take it as a genuine thank you.” That’s why he and John tried to load their songs with pronouns. “We were aware that that happened when you sang to an audience. So ‘From Me to You,’ ‘Please Please Me,’ ‘She Loves You.’ Personal pronouns. We always used to do that.”
What Paul couldn’t have imagined — nobody could have, nobody did — is that all these years later, people all over the world would hear themselves in those songs. Or more to the point: We would hear ourselves in these songs. To me, that’s the most beautiful, mysterious and disturbing part of the Beatles story — the way they just kept getting bigger and bigger after they broke up, to the point where they’re much more famous and beloved today than they were in the Sixties. The world kept dreaming the Beatles, long after the boys in the band thought the dream was over. The ex-Beatles found this baffling, even infuriating, but they had to live in a world that was madly in love with the Beatles, the way we all do.
Yesterday is set in a world where that love story supposedly never happened — yet the songs keep reminding you why the story never ends. As a great man or four once sang, it’s a love that lasts forever. It’s a love that has no past.
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Tag: Information science
NASIG 2013: Losing Staff — the Seven Stages of Loss and Recovery
“Autumn dawn” by James Jordan
Speaker: Elena Romaniuk
This is about losing staff to retirement, and not about losing staff to death, which is similar but different.
They started as one librarian and six staff, and now two of them have retired and have not been replaced. This is true of most of technical services, where staff were not replaced or shifted to other departments.
The staff she lost were key to helping run the department, often filling in when she was out for extended leaves. They were also the only experienced support staff catalogers.
The stages:
Shock and denial
Pain and guilt
Anger and bargaining
Depression, reflection, loneliness
Upward turn
Reconstruction and working through
Acceptance and hope
The pain went beyond friends leaving, because they also lost a lot of institutional memory and the workload was spread across the remaining staff. They couldn’t be angry at the staff who left, and they couldn’t bargain except to let administrators know that with less people, not all of the work could be continued and there may be some backlogs.
However, this allowed them to focus on the reflection stage and assess what may have changed about the work in recent years, and how that could be reflected in the new unit responsibilities. The serials universe is larger and more complex, with diverse issues that require higher-level understanding. There are fewer physical items to manage, and they don’t catalog as many titles anymore, with most of them being for special collections donations.
They are still expected to get the work done, despite having fewer staff, and if they got more staff, they would need more than one to handle it all. Given the options, she decided to take the remaining staff in the unit who have a lot of serials-related experience and train them up to handle the cataloging as well, as long as they were willing to do it.
In the end, they re-wrote the positions to be the same, with about half focused on cataloging and the rest with the other duties rotated through the unit on a monthly basis.
They have acceptance and hope, with differing levels of anxiety among the staff. The backlogs will grow, but as they get more comfortable with the cataloging they will catch up.
What worked in their favor: they had plenty of notice, giving them time to plan and prepare, and do some training before the catalogers left.
One of the recommended coping strategies was for the unit head to be as available as possible for problem solving. They needed clear priorities with documented procedures that are revised as needed. The staff also needed to be willing to consult with each other. The staff also needed to be okay with not finishing everything every day, and that backlogs will happen.
They underestimated the time needed for problem-solving, and need to provide more training about basic cataloging as well as serials cataloging specifically. There is always too much work with multiple simultaneous demands.
She is considering asking for another librarian, even if only on a term basis, to help catch up on the work. There is also the possibility of another reorganization or having someone from cataloging come over to help.
[lovely quote at the end that I will add when the slides are uploaded]
Author AnnaPosted on June 8, 2013 June 10, 2013 Categories libraryTags cataloging, education, Elena Romaniuk, Information science, James Jordan, librarian, library science, nasig13, speaker, staffing, unit head, workflow
ER&L 2012: Knockdown/Dragout Webscale Discovery Service vs. Niche Databases — Data-Driven Evaluation Methods
photo by TheGiantVermin
Speaker: Anne Prestamo
You will not hear the magic rational that will allow you to cancel all your A&I databases. The last three years of analysis at her institution has resulted in only two cancelations.
Background: she was a science librarian before becoming an administrator, and has a great appreciation for A&I searching.
Scenario: a subject-specific database with low use had been accessed on a per-search basis, but going forward it would be sole-sourced and subscription based. Given that, their cost per search was going to increase significantly. They wanted to know if Summon would provide a significant enough overlap to replace the database.
Arguments: it’s key to the discipline, specialized search functionality, unique indexing, etc… but there’s no data to support how these unique features are being used. Subject searches in the catalog were only 5% of what was being done, and most of them came from staff computers. So, are our users actually using the controlled vocabularies of these specialized databases. Finally, librarians think they just need to promote these more, but sadly, that ship’s already sailed.
Beyond usage data, you can also look at overlap with your discovery service, and also identify unique titles. For those, you’ll need to consider local holdings, ILL data, impact factors, language, format, and publication history.
Once they did all of that, they found that 92% of the titles were indexed in their discovery service. The depth of the backfile may be an issue, depending on the subject area. Also, you may need to look at the level of indexing (cover to cover vs. selective). In the end, they found that 8% of the titles not included, they owned most of them in print and they were rather old. 15% of the 8% had impact factors, which may or may not be relevant, but it is something to consider. And, most of the titles were non-English. They also found that there were no ILL requests for the non-owned unique titles, and less than half were scholarly and currently being published.
Author AnnaPosted on April 3, 2012 April 3, 2012 Categories libraryTags administrator, Anne Prestamo, Controlled vocabulary, Database, Database index, discovery, erl12, Index, information, Information retrieval, Information science, Knockdown/Dragout Webscale Discovery Service, Knowledge representation, library science, per-search basis, science, science librarian, Search engine indexing, search functionality, Searching, speaker, webscale discovery
reason #237 why JSTOR rocks
For almost two decades, JSTOR has been digitizing and hosting core scholarly journals across many disciplines. Currently, their servers store more than 1,400 journals from the first issue to a rolling wall of anywhere from 3-5 years ago (for most titles). Some of these journals date back several centuries.
They have backups, both digital and virtual, and they’re preserving metadata in the most convertible/portable formats possible. I can’t even imagine how many servers it takes to store all of this data. Much less how much it costs to do so.
And yet, in the spirit of “information wants to be free,” they are making the pre-copyright content open and available to anyone who wants it. That’s stuff from before 1923 that was published in the United States, and 1870 for everything else. Sure, it’s not going to be very useful for some researchers who need more current scholarship, but JSTOR hasn’t been about new stuff so much as preserving and making accessible the old stuff.
So, yeah, that’s yet another reason why I think JSTOR rocks. They’re doing what they can with an economic model that is responsible, and making information available to those who can’t afford it or are not affiliated with institutions that can purchase it. Scholarship doesn’t happen in a vacuum, and innovators and great minds aren’t always found solely in wealthy institutions. This is one step towards bridging the economic divide.
Author AnnaPosted on September 19, 2011 November 12, 2011 Categories libraryTags Academia, Academic publishing, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Backup, Information science, JSTOR, open access, publishing, scholarship, United States2 Comments on reason #237 why JSTOR rocks
ER&L: You’ve Flipped – the implications of ejournals as your primary format
Speaker: Kate Seago
In 2005, her institution’s were primarily print-based, but now they are mostly electronic. As a graduate of the University of Kentucky’s MLIS program, this explains so much. I stopped paying attention when I realized this presentation was all about what changed in the weird world of the UK Serials Dept, which has little relevance to my library’s workflows/decisions. I wish she had made this more relatable for others, as this is a timely and important topic.
Author AnnaPosted on February 28, 2011 Categories libraryTags Critical thinking, ejournals, erl11, Ethology, format Speaker, Information science, Kate Seago, Kentucky, Knowledge, library science, Logic, Pragmatics, Relevance, science, the University of Kentucky
ER&L 2010: Beyond Log-ons and Downloads – meaningful measures of e-resource use
Speaker: Rachel A. Flemming-May
What is “use”? Is it an event? Something that can be measured (with numbers)? Why does it matter?
We spend a lot of money on these resources, and use is frequently treated as an objective for evaluating the value of the resource. But, we don’t really understand what use is.
A primitive concept is something that can’t be boiled down to anything smaller – we just know what it is. Use is frequently treated like a primitive concept – we know it when we see it. To measure use we focus on inputs and outputs, but what do those really say about the nature/value of the library?
This gets more complicated with electronic resources that can be accessed remotely. Patrons often don’t understand that they are using library resources when they use them. “I don’t use the library anymore, I get most of what I need from JSTOR.” D’oh.
Funds are based on assessments and outcomes – how do we show that? The money we spend on electronic resources is not going to get any smaller. ROI is focused more on funded research, but not electronic resources as a whole.
Use is not a primitive concept. When we talk about use, it can be an abstract concept that covers all use of library resources (physical and virtual). Our research often doesn’t specify what we are measuring as use.
Use as a process is the total experience of using the library, from asking reference questions to finding a quiet place to work to accessing resources from home. It is the application of library resources/materials to complete a complex/multi-stage process. We can do observational studies of the physical space, but it’s hard to do them for virtual resources.
Most of our research tends to focus on use as a transaction – things that can be recorded and quantified, but are removed from the user. When we look only at the transaction data, we don’t know anything about why the user viewed/downloaded/searched the resource. Because they are easy to quantify, we over-rely on vendor-supplied usage statistics. We think that COUNTER assures some consistency in measures, but there are still many grey areas (i.e. database time-outs equal more sessions).
We need to shift from focusing on isolated instances of downloads and ref desk questions, but focus on the aggregate of the process from the user perspective. Stats are only one component of this. This is where public services and technical services need to work together to gain a better understanding of the whole. This will require administrative support.
John Law’s study of undergraduate use of resources is a good example of how we need to approach this. Flemming-May thinks that the findings from that study have generated more progress than previous studies that were focused on more specific aspects of use.
How do we do all of this without invading on the privacy of the user? Make sure that your studies are thought-out and pass approval from your institution’s review board.
Transactional data needs to be combined with other information to make it valuable. We can see that a resource is being used or not used, but we need to look deeper to see why and what that means.
As a profession, are we prepared to do the kind of analysis we need to do? Some places are using anthropologists for this. A few LIS programs are requiring a research methods course, but it’s only one class and many don’t get it. This is a great continuing education opportunity for LIS programs.
Author AnnaPosted on February 2, 2010 Categories libraryTags assessment, erl2010, Information science, John Law, library science, public services, Rachel A. Flemming-May, speaker, usage statistics
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U.S. Justice Department Investigating CDS Markit?
LOL, Doesn’t the Justice Department know that all their money comes from the 4th branch of government that they are investigating? Or is it just for show like all the “investigations” transpiring in the 4th branch of government over the past couple years? (For the uninitiated, the 4th branch of government is the Financial branch… they are the ones who provide funding and exercise control over the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches – there are NO checks or balances. Bolding mine.)
Credit Swaps Investigated by U.S. Justice Department
By Matthew Leising
July 14 (Bloomberg) -- The U.S. Justice Department is investigating the market for credit-default swaps, according to Markit Group Ltd., the data provider majority-owned by Wall Street’s largest banks.
“Markit has been informed of an investigation by the Department of Justice into the credit-derivatives and related markets,” spokeswoman Teresa Chick said yesterday in an e- mailed statement in response to questions from Bloomberg News. She declined to comment on the nature of the investigation. “We will work with the Department to provide any information requested of us.”
The antitrust division sent civil investigative notices this month to banks that own London-based Markit to determine if they have unfair access to price information, according to three people familiar with the matter. U.S. lawmakers plan to regulate the $592 trillion over-the-counter derivatives market, which includes credit-default swaps blamed for helping worsen the biggest financial calamity since the Great Depression.
“I say Hallelujah that some authoritative body has finally stepped forward to investigate, in a small way, how Wall Street takes advantage of information for its own advantage,” said William Cohan, a former JPMorgan Chase & Co. investment banker and author of “House of Cards,” about the financial crisis. “The fact that they control Markit and it provides information about the prices of credit-default swaps and they’ve benefited from this for many years without any challenge or investigation was outrageous.”
Justice Department spokeswoman Laura Sweeney declined to comment. Markit Chief Executive Officer Lance Uggla didn’t immediately respond to a voicemail left on his mobile phone.
Unregulated Market
Credit-default swaps -- contracts that protect against or speculate on corporate defaults by paying the buyer the face value of a bond or loan if a company fails to meet its debt agreements -- ballooned almost 100-fold within seven years to represent about $62 trillion by the end of 2007, according to estimates from the New York-based International Swaps & Derivatives Association.
Unregulated trading of the contracts made it difficult for the U.S. to assess how connected banks had become following the failure of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. in September. Credit markets froze when the New York-based firm, once the fourth- largest U.S. investment bank, collapsed in the world’s biggest bankruptcy.
Increased Scrutiny
The Obama administration now wants all trades of over-the- counter derivatives to be backed by clearinghouses or registered with regulators. Derivatives are contracts whose value is derived from stocks, bonds, loans, currencies and commodities, or linked to specific events such as changes in interest rates or the weather.
“This has to be seen as another step towards regulating the over-the-counter market,” Philip Gisdakis, head of credit strategy at UniCredit SpA in Munich, wrote in a research report published today.
Cohan said the Justice Department action shows that antitrust cases may be used more aggressively by the Obama administration to look into practices in the over-the-counter derivatives market.
“This is one of the first concrete examples of a shifting political wind with regard to Wall Street,” he said in a telephone interview today.
$28 Trillion
Markit provides derivative and bond data to more than 1,500 customers. It owns the most actively traded credit swap indexes and pricing services in the market, which represents $28 trillion in underlying securities, according to the New York- based Depository Trust & Clearing Corp.
Bloomberg LP, the owner of Bloomberg News, competes with Markit in selling information to the financial-services industry.
JPMorgan is Markit’s largest shareholder, with at least 1.67 million ordinary voting shares out of a total of 14.38 million, according to filings at U.K. Companies House. Bank of America Corp. is the second-largest, with more than 1.52 million shares held through its own units and those acquired in its purchase of Merrill Lynch & Co. last year. Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc owns at least 1.35 million shares after its purchase of ABN Amro Holdings NV, while Goldman Sachs Group Inc. has about 1.11 million shares, the filings show.
JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs representatives declined to comment. Officials at Merrill Lynch and RBS couldn’t immediately be reached for comment. The Financial Services Authority in London and the European Commissions antitrust department in Brussels declined to comment on whether European authorities are investigating pricing in the CDS market, according to officials at the agencies.
Owners and Providers
Justice Department investigators want to know if Markit’s bank shareholders received advantages as owners and providers of prices and trading patterns for credit-default swaps,aid two of the people. The data from the market’s largest users is provided to more than 300 financial firms to set prices of the contracts in their portfolios, according to Markit’s Web site.
The notices ask recipients to give the Justice Department details on the amount of their trading, how much they have at risk in the market, the monthly value of their credit swaps and other information, said a person who read parts of the letter to Bloomberg News.
The letter also seeks the level of current bank ownership in Markit and whether the shareholders have tried to sell their stakes, the person said.
Transparency, Efficiency
End-of-day and real-time prices for credit swaps are available to Markit customers, the company says on its Web site. Real-time prices come from the Wall Street dealers that send that information to clients throughout the day.
Markit checks the information it receives to ensure it’s current and correct, according to the company. “By insisting on the highest standards, we ensure superior data quality for an accurate mark-to-market and market surveillance,” the Web site says.
“Markit strives to enhance transparency and efficiency in the credit derivatives market by making all our independent data products commercially available to all market participants,” company spokeswoman Chick said in the statement.
Markit, founded in 2001 by Toronto-Dominion Bank executives Uggla and Kevin Gould, made acquisitions in 2007 and 2008. The company purchased the owners of the iTraxx and CDX credit- default swap indexes, which are used to speculate on the credit quality of more than 500 companies in Europe, Asia and North America.
Goldman Trading
Losses on mortgages made to borrowers with poor credit began to soar in 2007, causing credit markets to freeze up and leading to almost $1.5 trillion in writedowns and credit losses at the world’s biggest financial institutions, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Goldman Sachs today reported record earnings of $3.44 billion in the second quarter that beat analysts’ estimates as revenue from trading and stock underwriting reached all-time highs less than a year after the firm took $10 billion in U.S. rescue funds.
The record results were driven in large part by trading unregulated over-the-counter derivatives. Revenue from fixed-income, currencies and commodities, the company’s biggest unit, was a record $6.8 billion, compared with $6.56 billion in the first quarter and $2.38 billion in last year’s second quarter.
Bet you didn’t know Markit is owned by JPMorgan, Bank of America, and Goldman Sachs, did you? To be honest, I did not until I read this article, but I am anything but shocked to learn they own the company that “reports” the prices of derivatives which they own and have worked so hard to hide and obscure!
And you know who Markit is right? Markit Homepage…
They are the ones whose little graphs I present on occasion as they are the ones reporting on pricing of the CMBX (commercial real estate securities) indices:
Ironic that when you click on the Markit icon on their site, it takes you to a page with a big heading titled “Credit Fixings,” LOL!
Credit Fixings...
And what is it exactly that they are “fixing?” Why PRICES of course!
The Credit Event Fixings are designed to ensure a fair, efficient and transparent process for settlement of credit derivative trades following a corporate default. The Fixings were developed by Creditex and Markit in close cooperation with ISDA and major credit derivatives dealers and are an integral part of ISDA's CDS Index protocols. Creditex and Markit have jointly acted as administrators of the Credit Event Fixings since their inception in June 2005.
There are simply no checks and balances on our financial industry at all. They pay for their own ratings. They own and control the companies who report the value of their “assets.” They own the politicians and make the rules. I won’t hold my breath on the Justice Department taking real and meaningful action. I fully expect a good show and a little talk. But breaking up the cartel – forget it, it’ll never happen. Guess who’ll own the exchanges?
Supertramp – Crime of the Century:
Max Kaiser on Goldman Sach...
Glenn Beck on the Goldman Web...
Ron Paul on Glenn Beck Discussing Goldman Sachs…
Mish on the Alex Jones Show…
End of Day Charts 7/14
Eliot Spitzer on Goldman Sachs...
Economic Data 7/14
Emerging Markets - Highway to the Danger Zone!
The Fundamentals Still Apply, as Time Goes By...
Yves Latest Views – Systemic Desensitization from ...
Martin Armstrong – Motion For Rehearing…
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“Teatro da Esperança” – Theatre
Theatre is of great significance for Escola da Esperança, especially for social learning and the development of each child’s personality. A theatrical play, emerging from a shared theme, developed and performed in group, is a community-building process for the participants. The children learn to study a role and to represent it and experience their presence as an important element for the success of the collective performance. Writing the script strengthens their language skills and develops their communication abilities. The production of stage props and sceneries showcases the children’s artistic and creative potential, giving them the opportunity to be publicly acknowledged. In the course of the theatre work, the children grow beyond their roles; the play is continually developed and roles are swapped, depending on which role provides the best learning experience for each child at a given moment.
The strong motivation of the children and young people to present a play in different languages leads them to learning the basics of a new language within a very short time. At the same time the play’s content is the learning matter; the theater work is mentally stimulating and this leads to unusual questions and greater interest. This stimulus is brought to the open learning space, where the contents are further deepened through individual work or other appropriate ideas.
The “travelling school” constitutes an important element of our school because many learning subjects can be experienced for real on-site and more easily internalized. Shorter and longer journeys in Portugal and other countries bring us into contact with the people and culture, allow us to learn geography, to research history on-site, to explore living spaces and biodiversity, as well as – for older children - to recognize political contexts. Additionally, travelling offers character-building opportunities: dealing with new impressions, finding one’s way in new situations, being away with a group. This often leads to developmental leaps which were not previously foreseeable.
Normally, there is a big journey in autumn, often incorporated in the “Global Campus,” the political network of the Tamera Peace Research Center. These journeys are often associated with a theater tour, in which theater connects children and monitors, providing a special contact zone to exchange experiences locally with others.
Communicating and Cooperating with Animals
Children love horses and horses love children, almost always. The moments in which a big, powerful and elegant animal follows a child in total trust or offers its back for a ride, are some of the greatest gifts that horses can give. In their company children learn a lot about body awareness, body coordination and communication. The children learn to “communicate” with the horses. The most advanced pupils ride without saddle or reins, learning to guide their mount through their presence and body language alone. This involves a very deep process of trust between human and animal.
Protecting and caring for animals
“Helping helps!” A child’s heart is full of compassion. If a child sees a wounded animal or a young one who has lost its mother, the child wants to help immediately. This impulse to help will be fostered and developed in the Escola da Esperanca. In this way the children can, with the support of adults, care, feed, cure and raise wounded animals from wild and neighbouring lands.
„Beyond the Limits“
At the Escola da Esperança, exercising the body joyful play, focused work, character building team work and learning are all important learning elements.
The school’s mixed-age group organizes performances together, which strengthens group cohesion is also a special and motivating means of evaluation. In such a setting, individual skills appear, develop, and come to complement each other. “We” is more than the sum of its parts, we are a team.
Thematic projects are usually initiated by the instructor with a specific content. The themes can be Ecology, Water and the hydrological cycle, Permaculture: Pigs - helpers in agriculture, technology and energy, Solar technology: Construction of our own solar box, Geometry and architecture: Model making, art, etc.
© Copyright 2014 Associação G.R.A.C.E. | Impressum
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By Way of Introduction
J. William (Bill) Zook, Jr. has two decades of experience as a planned giving consultant on behalf of hundreds of clients throughout the U.S. He worked initially with Planned Giving Services, Inc. and its founder, Frank Minton, beginning in 1996 and then with planned giving software and services company PG Calc Incorporated from 2005 to 2015.
From 2015 to 2016, Bill did freelance consulting as part of a sabbatical year during which he travelled domestically and overseas; did a lot of reading for pleasure; knocked out numerous projects around the house; volunteered with several organizations; and played tourist in his own town. Even though he gave himself the time and mental space to see if perhaps he should raise yaks, open a chili parlor, or engage in something else new and different, at length he confirmed – and enthusiastically reaffirmed – his commitment to planned giving.
Other Professional Experience
Prior to becoming a consultant, Bill practiced estate planning law. In addition, before, during, and after law school, he worked as a legal assistant and law clerk in small, medium, and large law firms, as well as the United States Justice Department, handling commercial, personal injury, and criminal matters. He also devoted six years to the field of alternative dispute resolution entailing arbitration, mediation, and conciliation of customer-business disputes; arbitration of labor-management disputes; and teaching a community college course for paralegals. Finally, he spent a year as a contracts and purchasing analyst for a 21-facility system of medical clinics and two years as the director of an educational program for visitors to Washington, D.C. curious about life in the capital from soup kitchens to Congressional offices.
University of Washington, School of Law – J.D. with an emphasis on environmental law. Also completed Integrative Management Program, a Graduate School of Business Administration curriculum focusing on the application of marketing, accounting, finance, and other disciplines in diverse entities.
University of Virginia, College of Arts and Sciences – B.A. with High Distinction in Religious Studies with an emphasis on American religious and social history, as well as a concentration in European languages, including studying in France for a semester.
Washington State Bar Association – Member since 1985 (Member Number 15457). Also a member of the Real Property, Probate & Trust Law Section (1994-present); the Taxation Law Section and its Estate and Gift Tax Committee (1997-present); the Alternative Dispute Resolution Section (1992-1996); and the World Peace Through Law Section (1988-1994); plus member of the Association’s Consumer Protection Committee (1995-1996) and its Dispute Resolution Task Force (1989-1991, co-drafter of code of ethics for lawyers serving as mediators).
Estate Planning Council of Seattle – Member since 2002.
Washington Planned Giving Council – Member since 1997. Also annual conference co-chair (1998-1999); member of the Board of Directors (2000-2006); Vice President (2000-2002); and President (2002-2004).
National Association of Charitable Gift Planners (formerly Partnership for Philanthropic Planning and National Committee on Planned Giving) – Member since 1997. Also a member of the Association’s Leadership Institute since 2011, its inaugural year.
Types of Clients Served
In his work with Evergreen, Bill plans to continue consulting with a wide variety of charities. Examples of past clients include entities involved with:
Education (elementary, secondary, and post-secondary/private and public)
Health Care (medical facilities and disease research organizations)
Environmental Protection and Animal Welfare
Human and Civil Rights
Christian (Mainline and Evangelical Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox)
Jewish (Reform and Conservative, Jewish Federations)
Bill Zook was a trusted advisor to Seattle Foundation for nearly 20 years in his prior professional roles with PG Calc and Planned Giving Services. Over the years, Seattle Foundation and the philanthropists we serve have benefited greatly from Bill’s considerable knowledge and experience. In addition to providing technical expertise, he builds relationships and cares deeply about his clients and our community.”
Jeanette Lodwig, J.D. Seattle Foundation General Counsel
jwillyz@msn.comConsultant 09.20.2016
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Read the Review, posted below the trailer.
Studio: Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios
DANIEL'S REVIEW:
The 2008 Disney animated flick that took Walt Disney Animation Studios in a step at the right direction of making amazing CGI animated pictures and is evident that ‘Bolt’ almost gets it right as an animated film. Personally ‘Bolt’ was Disney’s most successful animated film both critically and financially at the time since 2002’s ‘Lilo and Stitch’, if you don’t include any Pixar titles. As an animated movie it is extremely enjoyable and the opening to this movie is incredible and in fact, nothing what Disney has done in terms of animated movies. The start of this movie looks dark and has this live action adventure movie feel to it which looks incredible. The animation in the opening is astonishing, especially the “super bark” scene. Loved that scene. This film quickly goes from an action film to a on the road type movie and it mixes these two elements quite well. This film has an interesting story to it as the dog Bolt is the most famous star in Hollywood and stars in his popular TV show called Bolt, but when he escapes he finds out that what his is, is nothing more than an just an actor on a popular television program. The characters are extremely likeable, and I’m not a fan of Rhino. I think Rhino is a good little comic relief character in the movie and he does have his moments of action and comedy, but I personally really loved Bolt and Mittens growing friendship between the two and thought that every scene was either funny, emotional or heart-warming. It was interesting seeing two characters from two completely different worlds teaming up and interacting with each other with witty dialogue and some intense drama. Overall, some jokes don’t work from Rhino, but overall, it is a hilarious, action-packed adventure ride, that is both emotional and heart-warming to make this a family favourite. I highly recommend checking the movie ‘Bolt’ out, if you haven’t watched it before. I think this was the start of Disney’s CGI animated films success since 2002.
Daniel's Score: 8/10
This review was published on December 13, 2013.
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Various Rap Essentials: The Rebirth
By Del F. Cowie
No longer a 100% Canadian affair, the new reincarnation of the Rap Essentials is a mixture of domestic tracks and artists from BMG's ranks. The Canadian content that remains is assuredly good, but its focus is only on Canada's most visible artists. Solid contributions include Infinite's "Take A Look," Kardinal Offishall's raucous "Put 'Em Up" and the Rascalz with their ubiquitous "Northern Touch." Mathematik, Michee Mee and Ghetto Concept among others also add to the native fare. Where the compilation does break new ground is with the acknowledgement of Francophone hip-hop, with the inclusion of Quebec groups Muzion and Dubmatique. The rest of the album is a curious assortment of tracks that are from soundtracks, previously unreleased or readily available. While Mobb Deep's "Rare Species" gets a welcome return, Wu-Tang Clan's "Sunshower" explains why it was only available on the UK version of Wu-Tang Forever. Despite the drastic reduction in the overall Canadian content of this compilation, Rap Essentials: The Rebirth shows that the home team can hang with the big boys, but lack of continuity and not lack of choice cuts is its main fault. (BMG)
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by Jeff Fannell in Agents, Baseball, MLB, Sports Business 1 comments tags: Agent, Baseball, contract, MLB, Negotiation, Salary Arbitration
A Baseball Agent’s Dilemma
The first three weeks of February is salary arbitration season in Major League Baseball. A time when eligible players and their clubs try to hammer out contracts for the coming year. If those efforts fail, the matter is presented to a panel of labor arbitrators who will decide the issue after hearing arguments from the player, club, the union and the Commissioner’s Office. Clubs hold the historical edge in salary arbitration hearings. According to the MLBPA website, through 2012, arbitrators have ruled for clubs in 286 cases and for players in 214. This is generally reflective of labor arbitration, where employers win more than they lose. More than one cynic has suggested that such is way arbitrators ensure they continue to get cases. For the record, I’ll only say that I find this observation curiously fascinating. After I retire or move on from handling arbitration cases, chances are I may have other thoughts, but for now I simply remain fascinated. Another facet of baseball’s salary arbitration process that has captured my attention is the particular dilemma that agents face that affects the outcome of many negotiations. First, consider that the process is designed to foster settlements by creating risk – […]
by Jeff Fannell in Advertisement, Agents, Amateur Sports, Marketing, Media, MLB, People, Soccer, Sports, Sports Business, Sports Issues, Stuff, Uncategorized 0 comments tags: contract, jeff fannell, jfa, Negotiation, Representation, Soccer, Sports, university of maryland
JFA SIGNS UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SOCCER COACH
August 16, 2016 – Jeff Fannell & Associates is pleased to announce that it has signed University of Maryland Assistant Soccer Coach, Scott Buete as a client. JFA will represent Scott in all areas of contract negotiation, marketing, and endorsements. “We are excited for the opportunity to represent Scott,” said JFA senior associate Kap Misir. “Among the nation’s collegiate soccer coaches, we believe Scott is a rising star.” Scott is in his third year as the assistant coach for the Maryland Terrapins, which is widely regarded as one of the top Division-1 soccer programs in the country. In 2014, the Terps advanced to the second round of the NCAA tournament; last year, they advanced to the Elite Eight. They enter this year ranked No. 4 in the pre-season coaches’ poll and are expected to be in the running to capture the NCAA national title. A graduate of the University, Scott played five years for the Terps (1999-2003), the last three serving as team captain. In 2002, Scott led Maryland to the ACC Tournament title. In his senior year, he was named NSCAA First Team All-American, and was selected to the All-ACC First Team and the ACC All-Tournament Team. Scott finished […]
by Lori Lord in Agents, Baseball, Hockey, Labor Issues, Sports Business, Sports Law 0 comments tags: Conference, Salary Arbitration, Salary Arbitration in Sports, SAS
Don’t Miss the Salary Arbitration in Sports Conference November 19th
On Thursday, November 19th a trio of veteran sports agents will host the inaugural Salary Arbitration in Sports conference at St. John’s University School of Law in Queens. The SAS conference will feature representatives from Major League Baseball, MLBPA, certified agents and former players, all with comprehensive experience in salary arbitration. Students, professionals and sports fans alike are invited to come join us for an in-depth look at this one-of-a-kind process. Hear from salary arbitration experts and industry veterans: Jeff, Fannell of Jeff Fannell & Associates; Rex Gary, Turner Gary-Sports; Mike Nicotera, The Sparta Group; Gregg E. Clifton, Jackson Lewis, P.C.; Rick Shapiro, MLBPA; Paul Mifsud, Labor Relations, MLB; John Ricco, NY Mets; Omar Minaya, MLBPA; and CJ Nitkowski, Former MLB Player; Jay Reisinger, Farrell & Reisinger, LLC; Matthew Swartz, MLB TradeRumors; Jason Belzer, GAME, Inc. and Forbes.com, and more. At the SAS Conference, seasoned participants in the art of salary arbitration will share their insights and experiences through a full day of panel discussions and question-and-answer sessions. The conference is the inspiration of experienced certified sports agents Jeff Fannell of, Mike Nicotera and Rex Gary. FrontOfficeSports.org, one of the Nation’s fastest growing sources for #Sportsbiz insight and education will […]
by Jeff Fannell in Agents, Baseball, MLB, People, Sports, Sports Business 6 comments tags: Agent, Baseball, MLB, Sports Agent, Tom O'Connell
Q&A with Tom O’Connell, MLB Certified Agent
Tom O’Connell is Founder and President of O’Connell Sports Management, located in Tampa, FL. Tom has represented professional baseball players since 1997. Recently, we caught up with Tom to get his insights on his career in the agent business. Q. Tom, you’ve been a certified baseball agent for over 15 years, what have been the biggest changes you’ve seen in the agent business over the last decade? A. I would say the two biggest changes in the industry are the increased role sabermetrics play in assisting agents in negotiating and valuing players, and the evolution of social media, which has dramatically changed the interaction with reporters. Agents now tend to be more guarded with reporters, especially in regards to ongoing and future negotiations. Q. Over the course of your career you have operated primarily as a solo agent. Given how the player representation business has become increasingly dominated by larger agencies like CAA, Relativity, Octagon and others, how have you been able to compete in the player market? A. I learned early on that honesty and integrity go a long way into building a solid brand. I have always prided myself on being direct and frank in dealing with […]
by Lori Lord in Agents, Sports Business 0 comments tags: BESLA, Digital, Fordham University, Global, Lawyers, Representation, Speaker, Sports Attorney
Jeff Fannell to speak at BESLA Mid-Year Conference
New York, NY– Jeff Fannell will be speaking this Friday, May 1 at the Black Entertainment and Sports Lawyers mid-year conference. This year’s BESLA mid-year conference is focused on “Success & Diversity in the Digital Age, on the Global Stage”. Jeff will be featured on the panel “Representing Sports, Music, TV and Film Talent in the Digital Age”. The conference will be held at Fordham University Law School (150 W 62nd St | New York, NY 10023). For more information on the conference and/or registration click here. ___
by Jeff Fannell in Agents, Football, NFL, Sports, Sports Issues, What's Up With That? 0 comments tags: Dallas Cowboys, Dez Bryant, Eugene Parker, Free Agency, Jay Z, Jerry Jones, Money, NFL, Restrictions, Roc Nation Sports, Whats up with that?
What’s Up With That: Jerry Jones Hatin’ on Roc Nation?
Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Dez Bryant has fired his agent Eugene Parker and has hired Jay Z’s Roc Nation to represent him. This reportedly has displeased Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, who has publicly stated how great a relationship he has with Parker, Bryant’s former agent. According to multiple sources Jones has said that Bryant’s signing with Roc Nation would make the Cowboys’ upcoming contract negotiations with Bryant “more difficult.” What in the world is up with THAT?? Players have the right, through their union, to have agents of their choice represent them in contract negotiations. Any owner or club official who interferes or attempts to interfere with that right is violating both the collective bargaining agreement and federal labor law. Jones’ public displeasure is reminiscent of the early days of sports agents when owners simply refused to deal with agents, despite the fact that players had properly designated them as their representatives. This is not only the height of arrogance, it is also dangerous. Players and their unions simply cannot allow any owner to even think that he or she can tell a player – explicitly or implicitly – who can be his agent. That Jones has a “great relationship” […]
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NEXT TRAINING IN:
TREATMENT IN MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA
TREATMENT IN NEW YORK, NY
ONLINE THERAPY FROM ANYWHERE
INTENSIVE INDIVIDUAL THERAPY
OFF-SITE CERTIFIED CLINICIANS
CERTIFICATION IN TEAM CBT
TRAINING & CE FOR THERAPISTS
ETOOLS FOR THERAPY
Research Behind TEAM-CBT
Dr. David D. Burns, MD
TEAM-CBT is a transdiagnostic framework for conducting evidence-based therapy that includes four elements known to be related to positive treatment outcomes:
T = Testing: Self-report measurement of symptoms and the therapeutic alliance at every session with every patient
E = Empathy: Specific skills to help the therapist establish a warm therapeutic alliance and address alliance ruptures with each patient before proceeding to CBT Methods
A = Agenda Setting: Numerous tools to create a collaborative agenda with each patient and address motivation/reduce resistance to change before proceeding to CBT methods
M = Methods: 50+ cognitive and behavioral methods for different types of symptoms
Below is a list of recent, peer-reviewed, relevant references that provide empirical support for each of the four aspects of the TEAM-CBT treatment/training framework.
Recent evidence for the importance of Testing (also called Routine Outcome Monitoring)
Boswell, J.F., Kraus, D.R., Miller, S.D., Lambert, M.J. (2013). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions. Psychotherapy Research, Pages 6-19 | Published online: 26 Jul 2013.
Persons, J.B. (2007). Psychotherapists collect data during routine clinical work that can contribute to knowledge about mechanisms of change in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14(3), 244-246.
Persons, J.B., Koerner, K., Eidelman, P., Thomas, C., & Liu, H. (2016). Increasing psychotherapists’ adoption and implementation of the evidence-based practice of progress monitoring. Behavior Research and Therapy, January(76), 24-31.
Recent evidence for the importance of empathy training (focusing on the therapeutic alliance and repair of alliance ruptures):
Burns, D. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1992). Therapeutic empathy and recovery from depression in cognitive-behavioral therapy: A structural equation model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(3), 441 – 449.
Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M.B.C., Hamilton, J., Ring-Kurtz, S., & Gallop, R. (2011). The dependability of alliance assessments: the alliance-outcome correlations is larger than you might think. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(3), 267-278.
Huppert, J.D., Kivity, Y., Barlow, H., Gorman, J.M., Shear, M.K., & Woods, S.W. (2014). Therapist effects and the outcome-alliance correlation in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, January(52) 26-34.
Zilcha-Mano, S., Muran, J.C., Hungr, C., Eubanks, C.F., Safran, J.D., & Winston, A. (2016). The relationship between alliance and outcome: Analysis of a two-person perspective on alliance and session outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, June 84(6), 484-496.
Recent evidence for the importance of addressing motivation/resistance in patients receiving CBT for depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse:
Aviram, A., Westra, H.A., Constantino, M.J., & Antony, M.M. (2016, March 31) Responsive management of early resistance in cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. (epub ahead of print)
Burns, D., Westra, H., Trockel, M., & Fisher, A. (2013). Motivation and changes in depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 368-379.
Pombo, S., Luísa Figueira, M., Walter, H., & Lesch, O. (2016). Motivational factors and negative affectivity as predictors of alcohol craving. Psychiatry Research, 243, 53-60.
Westra, H.A., Constantino, M.J., & Antony, M.M. (2016, March 17). Integrating motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy for severe generalized anxiety disorder: an allegiance-controlled randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
Recent evidence supporting the efficacy of certain CBT Methods:
Aaronson, C.J., Shear, M.K., Goetz, R.R., Allen, L.B., Barlow, D.H., White, K.S., Gorman, J.M. (2008). Predictors and time course of response among panic disorder patients treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(3), 418-424.
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M, & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.
Fang, A., Sawyer, A.T., Asnaani, A., & Hofmann, S. (2013). Social mishap exposures for social anxiety disorder: an important treatment ingredient. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(2), 213-220.
Floyd, M., Rhoen, N., Shackelford, J.A., Hubbard, K.L., Parnell, M.B., Scogin, F., & Coates, A. (2006). Two-year follow-up of bibliotherapy and individual cognitive therapy for depressed older adults. Behavioral Modification, 30(3), 281-284.
Hofmann, S.G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I.J., Sawyer, A.T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427-440.
Hofmann SG, Meuret AE, Rosenfield D, Suvak MK, Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, …Woods SW. (2007). Preliminary evidence for cognitive mediation during cognitive-behavioral therapy of panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(3), 374-379.
Hofmann, S.G.,& Smits, J.A. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(4), 621-632.
Feeling Good Foundation - 2660 Solace Pl., Ste. A
Mountain View, CA 94040 Feeling Good Foundation - 2660 Solace Pl., Ste. A
© 2018 by The Feeling Good Institute.
All rights reserved. © 2018 by The Feeling Good Foundation.
For all questions or concerns please contact:
maor@feelinggoodinstitute.com 650-209-8818 For all questions or concerns please contact:
maor@feelinggoodinstitute.com 650-353-6544
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The Sarotti Moor. Photo supplied
The Moor must go!
In the German city of Mannheim, a dispute over political correctness has been raging for months around the image of the Sarotti-Mohr.
Published: May 31, 2019, 9:01 am
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Case to ban 'racist characteristics' of Zwarte Piet dismissed
It was the chocolate maker’s popular adornment for generations of children before a golden “Sarotti Magician” replaced the Moor in the early 2000s.
But not in Mannheim, where the Moor is still visible on one of the city’s most important cultural institutions.
The “Capitol”, a venue which was built in the 1920s as a movie theater and later mutated into a venue for concerts and other stage performances, is known and loved throughout the region. For a long time, nobody was bothered by the chocolate brand’s image of a black servant.
Until last year. For the first time in the city, public discontent about the supposedly racist representation was expressed. The trigger was an event in the building organised on the subject of racism, in which participants objected to the decoration in the foyer.
As a result, the management of the Capitol have been battling critics for month now. An open letter has recently been sent to the Cultural Center demanding that: The Moor must go!
In addition, the politically correct activists call on management and the city authorities to take “responsibility for the colonial racist presence in public”.
The main signatories of the letter are: Tahir Della of the “Initiative Schwarze Menschen in Deutschland”, Halua Pinto de Magalhães from the University of Heidelberg and Onur Suzan Nobrega, sociologist at the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main.
The decision to keep the “Sarotti-Mohr”, according to the initiators, is a “faulty decision”. Their criticism is rather formulated like an order, typical of “left-wing opinion dictators” and the “cultural Taliban” says journalist Boris Kaiser.
The head of the Capitol Thorsten Riehle, has pointed out that those in charge have spoken to numerous people who, because of their skin colour or origin, are themselves directly affected by racism. A majority of them, he says, were in favour of keeping the Sarotti Moor.
He however felt it necessary to state that “we have one common goal: to expose racism and discrimination and to fight for an open and tolerant society”. But first of all, Riehle will have to fight against the racism gang, says Kaiser.
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The Annual “Avicenna Studienwerk” Summer Academy, Osnabrück, Germany
On Monday 31st August, 2015, Professor Salim Al-Hassani, President of FSTC (Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation), was invited to participate in a day dedicated to learning about and discussing Muslim heritage in the sciences and how they may inspire contemporary and future students from Muslim backgrounds to become more involved with the sciences.
During the course of the day, Professor Salim Al-Hassani delivered various lectures regarding famous figures who contributed towards the sciences.
In the first session, Professor Salim Al-Hassani discussed how through cross-cultural experiences, be it in regards to academia or trade, Muslims and non-Muslims in Europe had had a relatively beneficial mutual relationship. Coffee[1] acted as a metaphor for the active interaction between Europe and the Middle-East during the Renaissance.
Although in current discourse, some question whether Islam or Muslims belong to Germany and wider Europe, historical facts are often neglected, denied and sometimes even misrepresented. However, if one takes a closer look, innovations and discoveries during Muslim civilisation are ever-present in contemporary Europe e.g. past times such as chess, drinking coffee and even the study or understanding of optics.
Session 1: “Coffee belongs to Germany: About the Muslim Heritage in Europe” by Prof. Salim AI-Hassani, President of FSTC
This linked in with the next session focused on Muslim innovations as pioneers of science[2] as it was through this primacy of Holy Scriptures that scholars from Muslim civilisation were especially inspired to focus on the concept of diversity mentioned in the Qu’ran to influence a positive attitude and behaviour towards understanding the world.
Session 2: “From AI-Farabi to Ibn AI-Haytham: Muslim Innovations as Pioneers of Science” by Prof. Salim AI-Hassani, President of FSTC and Dr. Detlev Quintern, Bremen University, Director for training and development at the Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Research Foundation for the History of Science in Islam and the moderated by Georges Khalil, Academic Coordinator, Europe in The Middle East- The Middle East in Europe (EUME)
The session aimed to shed light on striking scholars such as Abū al-Rayhān Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Bīrūnī[3] who was a polymath who contributed to a wide range of sciences, from applied and theoretical mathematics to pharmacology, geology, mineralogy, and history. Although Al-Biruni had corresponded with Ibn Sina on issues of Greek philosophy, his chief emphasis was on science. There are a few lessons from his life that can be argued to have had a direct impact on the present; these include research funding and his attitude to lifelong learning.
Session 3: “A Life for Science: Ibn Sina, Al-Biruni and Ibn AI-Haytham” by Prof. Salim AI-Hassani, President of FSTC
Professor Salim Al-Hassani’s concluding remarks stressed the importance of women and men continuing this legacy which built upon knowledge from previous cultures to invent and innovate, thus benefitting their societies and mankind. Such a continuum will demonstrate and celebrate diversity so that uncovering the cultural roots of present day science will enhance inter-cultural respect and appreciation. Moreover, it will inspire the younger generation to use science to improve the quality of life similar to the scholars in Muslim civilisation.
“Coffee belongs to Germany: About the Muslim Heritage in Europe” by Prof. Salim AI-Hassani, President of FSTC
“From AI-Farabi[4] to Ibn AI-Haytham[5]: Muslim Innovations as Pioneers of Science” by Prof. Salim AI-Hassani, President of FSTC and Dr. Detlev Quintern, Bremen University, Director for training and development at the Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Research Foundation for the History of Science in Islam
Moderator: Georges Khalil, Academic Coordinator, Europe in The Middle East- The Middle East in Europe (EUME)
“A Life for Science: Ibn Sina, AI-Biruni and Ibn AI-Haytham” by Prof. Salim AI-Hassani, President of FSTC
About Avicenna Studienwerk
“Avicenna Studienwerk”, translated as “Avicenna Study Work” was an idea realised in the Winter of 2010 by Beshir Hussain and Matthias Meyer. It is the youngest of the 13 scholarship programmes founded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that is recognised by the German Begabtenförderungswerke. By awarding scholarships, Avicenna Study Work promotes talented and socially committed Muslim students and doctoral candidates of all disciplines. With the support of Dr Bülent Ucar, Siham Fet-Tahi, Mounir Azzaoui and others it came in to fruition in March 2012. Based upon the influence of Avicenna, Latin for Ibn Sina, it aims to promote and nurture a similar scientific excellence, philosophical questioning, and willingness to pursue the sciences for human advancement as Ibn Sina portrayed. What is more, coupled with his strong academic standing, many view him as a as a celebrated figure who brought “East” and “West” together with his contributions to the natural sciences and philosophy. Therefore, it is to no surprise that this programme has been named in his honour…
Learn More: www.avicenna-studienwerk.de
About Ibn Sina
Ibn Sina was a polymath who made great contributions in the natural sciences, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, alchemy, physics, geology, botany, zoology and music theory. He is reported to have written almost 450 works on this wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 of the surviving works concentrated on philosophy and 40 of them concentrated on medicine. His most famous works are The Book of Healing (Al-Shifa) and The Canon of Medicine, which was a standard medical text used at many universities in Muslim civilisation and Europe up until the 18th century...
Learn More: Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine
FSTC is an international network of historians, scientists, engineers, educationalists and museum professionals working to popularise awareness of the historic roots of science. By highlighting role models from the past and how their achievements and inventions live on in the modern world, FSTC aims to inspire young people to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. FSTC is also the global partner of 1001 Inventions.
[1] The Coffee Trail (PDF)
[2] The European Muslim Heritage and its Role in the Development of Europe (Article)
[3] Al-Biruni (Article)
[4] Al-Farabi (Article)
[5] Ibn al-Haytham (Website)
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My Review of "Mary Poppins Returns"
I didn’t attend the premier of Walt Disney’s “Mary Poppins” back in the early sixties. Back then, animation artists were not invited to posh Hollywood affairs. It may seem odd, but none of us felt slighted in any way. That’s because there was never any expectation of an invitation. We had the pleasure of being a part of a Disney masterpiece and that was reward enough. However, there was an unexpected bonus that came with being members of the “Mary Poppins” team. I had the opportunity to meet members of the cast, and that included, Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. Of course, the icing on the cake was the opportunity to work with our brilliant composers, Robert and Richard Sherman.
What a difference a few years can make. When “Mary Poppins Returns” premiered a couple weeks ago, Adrienne and I joined my pal, Richard M. Sherman on the red carpet at the Dolby Theater in Hollywood. Even though we had already seen the Disney motion picture, we waited in eager anticipation. The atmosphere inside the theater was electric as the seats were slowly filled. Suddenly, the entrance of 93 year old, Dick Van Dyke brought the audience to its feet with a standing ovation. We already knew the movie was good. Would it hold up as well on this second viewing, we wondered? I’m pleased to say the delightful Disney musical exceeded our expectations. A week earlier, I had spoken with director, Rob Marshall. “I absolutely love your movie,” I told the smiling director. “You truly honored the film we made fifty four years ago. Now, on the evening of the premier and after party I made my way toward Mr. Marshall with a smile on my face. “Rob, it just keeps getting better and better.”
Hardly a movie critic, I know a great film when I see one. “Mary Poppins Returns” is the sequel I’ve anticipated for nearly fifty four years. And, while some have nit picked casting choices or preferred a Sherman Brothers score, this is a motion picture musical that proudly stands on its own next to the previous Disney classic. How do I know this, you ask? I was on Stage A with Robert and Richard Sherman on the first day of the pre-records. I attended dance rehearsals with choreographers, Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood, and was present on every sound stage on the Disney Studio lot for filming. Finally, I worked as part of the animation team for nearly a year creating a marvelous cartoon sequence where every composited drawing was done by hand.
It’s been a while since a Disney film has captured the magic, whimsy and wonder of “Mary Poppins Returns.” There’s a long standing rule (in my opinion, anyway) that all movie musicals have to live by. The movie has to fly. The film has to soar. This doesn’t happen by accident. Right choices have to be made, and boy, did Disney make the right choices this time around. The casting of Emily Blunt and Lin Manuel Miranda was inspired, and trusting Rob Marshall was smart. Who would dare follow Robert and Richard Sherman’s marvelous score? Get ready to listen to what composer, Marc Shaiman has done with a soundtrack that connects to the original while managing to maintain its own sense of magic and wonder. I’ll not say anything more, because this is a movie you simply have to experience for yourself. “Mary Poppins Returns” is a marvelous trip back to a happier time, and proof that Disney magic is still very much alive. Can you imagine that?
Sadly, todays Hollywood musicals usually stumble. This Disney film soars.
December 14, 2018 by Floyd Norman.
The Greatest Job in the World
It was a late Friday afternoon when I spotted the older gentleman staring into a department store window. He was tall, gaunt and had a cigar clenched in his teeth. He noticed me and gave a nod of acknowledgement as I walked passed. I was headed back to work at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank. Oddly enough, the old gentleman was a former employee, but much more than that. He was a celebrated Disney legend and one of Walt’s favorite directors. Being a Disney geek, I knew a good deal about his amazing career and I had followed his work since I was a child. I couldn’t help but think this ordinary situation seemed strangely odd. The old gentleman had been a creative force at the Walt Disney Studios for several decades. Now, he was window shopping on a Friday afternoon in beautiful downtown Burbank. I couldn’t help but wonder what was going through his mind that sunny afternoon. Was he happy with his recent retirement and an abundance of leisure time? Could anything else be truly rewarding after having what I considered, the greatest job in the world?
Being a Disney director had to be the coolest job one could ever imagine. You are the creative leader of an amazing animated enterprise and you only answer to one person. Of course, that person was the old maestro, Walt Disney. However, putting that detail aside, you remained the boss, the head honcho and the top enchilada. You sat with the story team as they crafted the films narrative and you scrutinized production design alongside your art directors. You turned up the heat in sweatbox sessions as your animators presented their footage for your approval. Finally, you joined your voice actors (usually Hollywood celebrities) on the recording stage for a spirited session. No doubt, you were working hard, but you were also having a helluva lot of fun and getting paid to do it. Remember, we’re talking about directing back in my day. The good old days before the animated motion picture became immensely popular and incredibly profitable. In many ways, the recent success of animated movies has taken a good deal of joy out of the process of creating an animated film. Sadly, that includes the work of the motion picture director. Hardly a fun job today, the director of an animated movie turns over their life to the production once they sign on. Incredibly efficient managers will whisk you to one meeting to the next and every hour of your day will most likely be spoken for. This exhausting process will begin once you assume the job as director, and won’t end until you have completed the motion picture and the tedious press junket that precedes the films release. Once it ends, you’ll be glad its over, and I doubt you’ll be eager to repeat the process.
In the good old days, graduating to director was a true promotion. A substantial bump in pay was hardly the motivation. Rather, it was the opportunity to realize your own personal vision for a new animated motion picture and leading a talented team to create something truly special. In Disney’s Golden Era, I watched a fair number of talented directors do their jobs. They were a marvelous group of animated filmmakers that included, Wilfred Jackson, Hamilton Lusk, Les Clark and Gerry Geronimi. Bill Justice, Jack Kinney and Jack Hannah directed the short cartoons and versatile guys like Ward Kimball handled special projects. Finally, our directors were usually accessible and you only need walk into their office to have a question answered. In today’s Hopelessly over-managed studio system you’d have to make an appointment.
I wondered about the cigar chomping gentleman starring into the department store window that sunny Burbank afternoon. I wondered if he missed his job and the creative collaboration of so many amazing Disney artists. Would he ever consider returning, I wondered? Though a life of leisure and relaxation may have sounded enticing to director/animator, Wolfgang Reitherman, it could hardly compare to having the greatest job in the world.
Director, Woolie Reitherman (far left) enjoying a pitch by story man, Vance Gerry.
November 16, 2018 by Floyd Norman.
Working with Milt
I’ve been the lucky recipient of many marvelous opportunities during my long career in the animation business. One such, happened in the summer of 1961 when my boss, Andy Engman called me into his office on the first floor of Walt Disney’s Animation Building to inform me of my next assignment. “The Sword in the Stone” will be moving into production in the next few weeks,”replied the animation boss. “It looks like you’re going to be working with Milt.” I was momentarily speechless. There was no need for last names in this particular instance. I knew full well Andy was referring to the “Terror of D-Wing,” who just happened to be one of Disney’s most demanding directing animators. Milt Kahl was a stellar animator as well as the studios finest draftsman and few could match his level of drawing. Who would make such a choice, I wondered? Considering the number of talented artists at Disney’s disposal, why choose me? I wandered back to my office in A-wing still trying to make sense of the whole thing. Perhaps this wasn’t an execution after all, I considered. Maybe it was a golden opportunity to work with one of Disney’s finest.
In short order, Roy Geyser and his moving crew would be packing up my office and moving me down the hallway to D-wing. This was standard procedure at the Walt Disney Studios where animation artists were continually relocated (lock stock and barrel) when work assignments necessitated. Now, it was 1961 and the wing itself was going through a number of changes. Director, Eric Larson (after a five year stint on Sleeping Beauty) was moving back into his corner office at the West end of the wing. However, Directing animator, Marc Davis was packing up and preparing to leave for his new assignment in Glendale. Apparently, Walt Disney had other plans for Mr. Davis. Ward Kimball decided not to return to D-wing even though he had completed his assignment creating films on space exploration. Kimball had decided to make the move to live-action films and he gave up his D-wing office to animator, John Kennedy. I moved into 1D-1, a large office near the front of the wing. The large space could easily accommodate several artists, but for the next few weeks I would be the only occupant of the sizable office. I regularly kept my office door open so I could see the “Old Men” as they arrived for work each day. Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston arrived at the same time each day because the two had been “car pooling” long before the term was invented. On the other hand, Milt Kahl made an entrance characteristic of his expansive personality. The outer door would slam open with a loud bang as the tall Dutchman stomped down the corridor. When Milt Kahl arrived, everyone knew it.
Things were not totally unfamiliar in my new quarters. Stan Green had an office down the hallway and he remained Milt Kahl’s Key assistant on the new animated movie. I had briefly worked with Stan on Sleeping Beauty and we had an excellent relationship. Stan would be my buffer because he had already been working with Kahl a number of years. Before long, I received a call to pick up my first scene from The Sword in the Stone. For some reason I expected Stan to have given the scene a once over before handing it off to me. I was in for surprise, because Stan hadn’t even touched the scene. He simply handed me a stack of rough animation. I was given the rough animation of Milt Kahl, and my job was to finalize the scene. Before going further, let me explain the way we were working back in 1961 when animation had already made the move to Xerox. Since there was no longer any need for super tight clean-ups in a scene, the animation assistant could now work over the animator’s original drawings without the need to start with a clean sheet of paper. That meant I would be drawing (Oh, the horror) directly over Milt’s rough sketches. I probably sat at my desk for hours studying every Milt Kahl pose and attitude as well as his loose but confident sketches. Eventually, it was time to pick up my pencil and make a commitment. It was time to sink or swim. I’ve learned when you are afraid of something, you need to overcome the fear. You don’t run from it…you run toward it.
Milt Kahl usually scrutinized his scenes on the Moviola once they were returned from the Camera Department. He and Stan would run the clattering machine back and forth as they studied the animation. If Milt was satisfied he would turn the scene over to Music Room. That meant, director, Woolie Reitherman would cut the scene into the reel. In time, Walt Disney would gather with the animators in the Sweatbox to go over the scenes. Soon, several weeks had passed and I continued to clean-up (or should I say, touch-up) Milt Kahl’s inspired sketches. I heard not a word from the Master Animator and I considered this a good thing because Milt did not hide his disapproval. His welcomed silence meant I was doing my job to his satisfaction. When you work for Milt Kahl, it doesn’t get much better than that.
So many memories of those marvelous days remain with me to this day. In time, I joined Milt Kahl in his office as we watched animation scenes on his Moviola. Milt took particular delight in the antics of the mad Madame Mim and he roared with laughter at his own animation. Clearly, Milt was good and he knew it. I remember our wonderful voice actors, Ricky Sorenson, Karl Swenson, Junius Matthews, Ginny Tyler and Norm Alden. I lived with their voices for two years and they felt like old friends. However, I remember the awesome opportunity to work with an Animation Master. I was taught how to create a solid drawing and how to imbue a character with life. All done without the benefit of technology, because we had none. Milt Kahl brought delightful characters to life using nothing but pencil, paper and a rich imagination. Say what you will about Disney animation, it doesn’t get much more magical than that.
I had the opportunity to work with Milt Kahl back in 1961. It doesn’t get much better than that.
October 22, 2018 by Floyd Norman.
Our Visit to Interlochen
This is our third day at Interlochen here in Northern Michigan. The weather is crisp and the leaves are turning. A gorgeous view of the sparkling lake is a special bonus and our stay here on the beautiful campus grounds has been marvelous. If you’re not familiar with Interlochen, let me bring you up to speed. Interlochen was founded in 1928 and is located in beautiful northwest lower Michigan. Each year, thousands of artists and arts patrons come to Interlochen to experience world-class educational and cultural opportunities. Students study music, theatre, visual arts, film, creative writing and dance, guided by an outstanding faculty and guest artists, and inspired by the scenic beauty of the campus.
We arrived Saturday afternoon and enjoyed a lovely dinner with facility members and special guests. The dinner was followed by a screening of the Floyd documentary produced and directed by Michael Fiore and Erik Sharkey. Two years have passed and people are still watching this amazing movie. Who knew this aging, trouble making cartoonist would one day have a fan following? The screening was followed by a question and answer period and naturally that was followed by marvelous interaction with all the kids. Adrienne and I couldn’t help be struck by the energy and enthusiasm of the students. These are young boys and girls with a passion for creativity. They are, in no particular order, actors, musicians, authors and filmmakers. It’s hardly a surprise the youthful students are bursting with creative energy and simply being around them is invigorating. Not yet college age, I couldn’t help but be impressed by their maturity and quest for knowledge.
As we strolled the scenic campus on a quiet Sunday afternoon, we happened onto a bearded gentleman who was also making the rounds. Initially, he mistook us for former students looking for our old dormitory. My wife and I explained we would have been delighted to have attended such a marvelous art facility when we were kids, but that opportunity never came our way. Before moving on, the friendly gentleman left us with a metaphor. “I’m like that old cart” he explained pointing to a plugged in electric vehicle. “I continually return to this marvelous campus whenever I need to recharge.”
In a few hours, we’ll be returning to the Visual Arts Building where I have an afternoon class. Sadly, it will be my final class for this October visit to Interlochen and in a day or two we’ll be on our way home. The beautiful, shimmering lake is outside my window as I sit at my computer, and light rain falls on the autumn colored trees. This fall burst of color is something you expect in this part of the country. The kids have headed to the campus cafeteria for lunch and I can hear quiet the roar of students enjoying lunch. We’ll be joining them for a bite and then I’ll be headed for my afternoon film class. It’s odd. I’ve never had an interest in being an academic and the idea of teaching never seemed appealing. However, these wonderful students and a beautiful campus makes me give that notion a second thought.
The beautiful campus of Interlochen here in Northern Michigan. Simply beautiful.
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Japan-US intensive search for victims launched, Filipino jazz artists stage ''Jam for Japan'' concert
Japan’s defense ministry said that around 18,000 Self-Defense Forces (SDF) crew members and 7,000 US military forces were deployed in a three-day thorough search for those who are still missing from the twin disasters that knocked down the country's northeast Pacific coast on 11 March.
In addition, the Coast Guard, fire personnel and the police are also being mobilized in the intensive search using dozens of helicopters and sea vessels, in a report by the Kyodo News.
The search team will cover the submerged areas that are around 18 kilometers from the shoreline of worst-hit areas of Iwate, Fukushima and Miyagi prefectures.
As of Friday morning, the quake-triggered tsunami waves caused the death of at least 11,578 people with 16,451 still missing and believed to have been taken to the seaside after 10-meter tsunamis wiped out several areas following the magnitude 9.0 quake.
The search operation was scheduled in time with a spring tide that started on Friday and thus making it manageable to find victims.
Japan will utilize about 100 aircrafts and 50 ships while the US forces will use 20 aircrafts and 15 ships for the operation.
The search is limited to the 30-kilometer "stay indoors" zone from the faulty Fukushima I nuclear power station, which is leaking radioactive materials.
About 30 jazz artists from the Philippines stage a benefit concert on Friday in support of the victims of the tragedy that struck Japan, said Kyodo news.
The fundraising concert titled "Jam for Japan" was organized by the Philippine International Jazz and Arts Festival Foundation for those "who want to help but don't know how to or where to go," according to Sandra Viray, chair of the group.
"It's a humanitarian cause. They are in trouble. And I think, they would do the same for us if it happened to us," Viray told the media shortly before the concert started at the Ayala Museum in Manila's financial capital district, Makati City.
Japanese jazz crooner, Aisaku Yokogawa, will be hosting and performing in the show.
The funds from the concert will proceed to the Japanese Red Cross Society.
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Nuggets from the Final Four: VP Biden making the rounds
April 2, 2016 Joe Biden, March Madness.
HOUSTON — Since I didn’t have a parking pass to the Final Four, I had one of two choices.
I could cough up $35 — expensable of course — and park in NRG Stadium general population or I could go to one of the media hotels and catch a shuttle. Well I was running a little behind schedule Saturday after a one-hour duel with the treadmill at the Residence Inn gym but I was able to get over to the Holiday Inn on Main Street for some shuttle love.
I bumped into legendary New York Times columnist Bill Rhoden there and we were able to get seats on the shuttle at around 3:30 which was pretty good timing for the 5:09 start of Oklahoma-Carolina. That is, until we were held up in traffic by a motorcade that turned out to be for Vice President Joe Biden.
We sat on the access road for a good 20 minutes before we finally got back in motion. Remember, we’re talking about 4 p.m. traffic in downtown Houston. But we made it in good time, thanks to a great bus driver.
I was even able to snap a pic of the VP at press row. There are two reasons I didn’t have the stones to ask him to open his eyes, BTW. One, I hadn’t sent my column yet. Two, I couldn’t risk prison.
Nuggets from the Final Four: Sir Charles holds court
Golden: Why it all went wrong for the Sooners against Villanova
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