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__label__wiki	0.773935	0.773935	Appearances and Publications, Nonfiction, Pop Culture, Race, Uncategorized Anatomy of a Failed Piece of Writing (Mine). February 21, 2015 slbAcademy Awards, Benedict Cumberbatch colored actors, Hattie McDaniel, Hollywood racism, Jessica Chastain diversity, Nina Mae McKinney, racism at Oscars 3 Comments I didn’t have plans to talk about the Oscars this year — especially not in print. This year, they are not ours to lose. There is, of course, no nomination for the luminous, near-floating Lupita. There is no woeful deflation weighing on Chiwetel’s face as he watches his lifelong dream waft further away from him and closer to the white man who made films like Fool’s Gold and Ghosts of Girlfriends Past for a full fifteen years before Getting Serious About His Craft. This year, I’d planned to regard the awards far more impassively, not with the rigor or attentiveness of someone with anything particular at stake. I intended only to ogle the dresses and to smile at Neil Patrick Harris and to sip wine like a socialite, wanly yawning at 11 p.m. But I was asked if I wanted to write. And the outlet that asked has been one of my dream publications since long before seeing my byline there felt even remotely attainable. So I tried to develop an argument that began with Jessica Chastain and Benedict Cumberbatch, both of whom had spoken out about lack of diversity and dearth of opportunity for actors of color, in the U.S. and the U.K. I wanted to assert that, perhaps if a critical mass of white actors used their social capital to advocate for diversity, we might see more of it at a quicker rate than we have in decades past. I am also working on a new fiction project, and it involves old Hollywood’s lesser-known black actresses. I thought it might be powerful to weave in the story of one of them, whose life I’d just started to research, into the essay I planned to write. When you are writing for your dream publication, you want to create something gorgeous and sprawling and epic but also spare and elegant and searing. A tall order, but one I thought I might achieve by opening the piece with the story of Nina Mae McKinney and her first film, 1929’s Hallelujah. Historians Donald Bogle and Avery Clayton’s 2013 Criterion Collection DVD commentary for Hallelujah is available on YouTube. Below, I’ve cued up to Nina’s first scene. Listen for about three minutes, as Bogle describes her, and watch her work, to get a sense of how captivating she was: Hallelujah was one of the first two films that “integrated” Hollywood: a film that took black characters seriously (until this point black folks were played by whites in blackface, almost always as villains and/or buffoons). The filmmaker, King Vidor, was white and already in the prime of his career. Still, the chance he took on employing black actors for a major Hollywood production was a big one. He mined already thriving black entertainment sectors, finding actors who’d worked in “race films“* and musicians playing segregated, all-black clubs in New York and LA to populate the cast. But none of these spots were where he found Nina Mae. Nina was plucked from Broadway. Just 16 years old, she’d shimmied her way into the chorus line of a black Broadway musical review, Blackbirds of 1928. Vidor was transfixed and knew he needed her to play the sweet, seductive con-woman Chick in Hallelujah. For his efforts in finding just the right star in Nina Mae and telling a story that gave black characters their own passions and predicaments, outside of white households and white communities, King Vidor was nominated for an Oscar in 1930. Nina Mae, of course, was not. It would be another nine years before a black actress was first nominated for an Oscar — for a playing a maid whose story was told solely through her interactions with whites. (Fun fact: Pioneering Academy Award winner Hattie McDaniel had an older brother, Sam McDaniel, who was also a Hollyood actor. He starred with Nina Mae McKinney in Hallelujah.) Vidor’s confidence in Nina Mae McKinney’s star power wasn’t misplaced. MGM took notice, too, and did something unprecedented as a result: the studio offered McKinney a multi-picture deal. She was the first black actress ever to receive one. What follows will be a familiar story. Because films with all-black casts were still rare and novel occurrences in Hollywood, McKinney didn’t find much work there that showcased her talents as generously as Hallelujah did. In fact, much of the work on at least one of her contractual film roles was edited out of the final cut. Other roles were simply brief and underwritten. Impatient with the slow march of progress, McKinney left Hollywood for Europe, where she became the first black actress to appear on European television. But even there, super-stardom eluded her. McKinney died relatively young, one month before her 55th birthday. At the time of her passing, she was rumored both to have been struggling with addiction and to have been working, in the last years of her life, as a domestic in New York City. Somehow, I wanted to weave McKinney’s life story into my essay. But I also wanted to talk about what it’s meant, historically, for the benefits white directors have received for black performances to have far outweighed the benefits, if any, that black artists themselves have enjoyed. I wanted to talk about the Academy’s caprice, how one year it can fete black actors for reliving the atrocities visited on our ancestors, then shut out other black artists, just one year later, for embodying different forebears — ones whose voices held slightly more sway over their generation’s oppressive white regime. Then, of course, I would need to tie in today’s oppressive white regime (the 94 percent white contingent of Oscar voters). I would need to make an adequate case for white actors appealing to their own — directors, producers, writers, other white actors — that their storytelling and their performances could only be improved by the nuance and challenge racial and cultural diversity provides. But in the end, whether it was a failure of time or of my arrangement and rearrangement of the words or of the strength of my argument (and I suspect it was some amalgam of the three), my final essay — a patchwork of paragraphs culled from three separate drafts — didn’t make it into my dream publication. That final essay did find an open, welcoming and generous home. You can read it there. The Oscars, however, are tomorrow. And even after the publication of my (decent) post about them, I still felt fairly restless. I hadn’t called Nina Mae McKinney’s career back into our collective consciousness. I hadn’t taken white Hollywood to task and hadn’t had a chance to go on record as commending Chastain and Cumberbatch for speaking out (even if the latter called us “colored” when he did). I am running out of space here, as well, so I won’t talk about how writers agonize over their rejections and how mine are becoming more frequent, the closer I get to a new rung on the ladder of whatever career I’m cobbling together here. I won’t talk about faith or having it shaken — or about how patient my loved ones are when my insecurities make me really uncomfortable to be near. I won’t describe my daughter’s crestfallen face when she twice found me crying last week. Not yet. Those are stories for other days. Indeed, they are stories I’ve already told you. Let’s not belabor them. Instead, we can focus our attention elsewhere. I am just one black woman, weathering dashed hopes and reconfiguring herself after what feels like a failed enterprise. I’ve learned, in the past week especially, just how common it is to miss the mark and to gather yourself and go forward, just to miss it again. It’s a story much older than Hollywood, much older than most of our ancestors. But it will always be a story worth revisiting. Somehow, circling back to it always reinforces our foundation. * Don’t put too, too much stock in mentions I make of fiction projects. Until I get some quiet, dedicate time to flesh them out, they haven’t gained much traction. Right now, I’m hopeful about this one. But get at me in a year and we’ll see where we are with it. ** More on race film history appears in the Bitch magazine piece that was eventually published. → New Gig, Old Ghosts. ← Downtime and First Bylines. 3 thoughts on “Anatomy of a Failed Piece of Writing (Mine).” danisaysalot says: Thank you for this post. It renewed my desire to become another Black film writer one day. I hope to bring credit to my people who are constantly overlooked. I will be following you because you’ve inspired me. I’m so, so glad to have inspired you, danisaysalot. Thank you for reading and best wishes to you as you pursue your dream! Pingback: I Hate Writing About Writing \| As I Go	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16641
__label__wiki	0.979131	0.979131	Upload VR startup raised $4.5 million Series A from Colopl, General Catalyst last year Lucas Matney @lucasmtny / 2 years Upload, which shifted the “UploadVR” brand to its media arm earlier this year, closed a funding round in September of last year raising $4.5 million, TechCrunch has learned. The timing of the previously unreported funding round was alluded to in a sexual harassment lawsuit filed yesterday by a former employee. The funding round was led by Colopl. Other participants in the $4.5 million Series A include General Catalyst, NetEase, Sparkland Capital, Unity Ventures, CRCM, GREE, Greycroft’s GC Tracker fund, Outpost Capital, David Chao and Julia Popowitz, an Upload spokesperson tells us. The virtual reality startup previously raised a $1.25 million seed round from China’s Shanda Group as well as a number of angel investors. An Upload spokesperson told TechCrunch in an email that these funds will be (and have been) used to “expand Upload‘s three core domains: co-working, education and media, with a focus on Upload LA and the official launch of Upload EDU.” The startup just opened a massive 20,000 square-foot office in Los Angeles last month, where it is heavily emphasizing its education initiatives, which it has built up in collaboration with Google, HTC and Udacity. Upload’s San Francisco office houses more than 35 companies in its co-working space. The company currently has 17 full-time employees and “an army of contractors,” the startup tells us. Yesterday, TechCrunch reported that the company’s former Director of Digital and Social Media was suing the company for sexual harassment, sex and gender discrimination and wrongful termination. The suit against the company and its co-founders alleged that the startup was a “boy’s club” that was “marked by rampant sexual behavior and focus, creating an unbearable environment” for female employees. Both Upload, Inc. and UploadVR, Inc. were named as defendants in the suit.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16655
__label__cc	0.720897	0.279103	This post answers the most common questions I receive about streaming media players like the Amazon Fire TV, Roku, Apple TV, Google Chromecast, and other similar devices. This is a living page so if you still have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to post them in the comments below and I’ll add them to the post as well. Do I need a computer to use a streaming media player? Do I need Internet service to use a streaming media player? How fast does my Internet connection need to be for streaming movies and TV shows? How many gigs of data do I need to watch streaming media? Can I stream content using my cellphone’s data plan? I have a limited data plan with my Internet service provider. Does my player stream data even when I’m not using it? Can I use a VPN service with a streaming media player? Do I need cable or satellite service to use a streaming media player? How does a streaming media player work with my cable/satellite service? Can I watch “regular TV” through a streaming player? If I have a streaming media player and an antenna, can I cancel my cable/satellite service? Do I need a Smart TV to use a streaming media player? All my HDMI ports are already being used. Is there a way to add a streaming player without unplugging another device? Can I connect multiple streaming players to the same TV? I have multiple TVs. Do I need a separate player for each one? Can I use a streaming media player with an older TV? How do I switch back to watch regular TV? If I buy a Roku/Fire TV/Apple TV/Chromecast, is that a one-time cost or do I have to pay annually? If I buy a streaming media player, why do I need to pay to watch videos? What are the costs of the various streaming services you can use with your streaming media player? Can I watch videos saved on my computer, phone, tablet, or external hard drive on TV using a streaming media player? Can I use a streaming media player outside the United States? Can I record streaming videos with my DVR? In most cases, you do not need a computer. You just need a television with the correct ports for the player and Internet service. One exception is Google Chromecast if you don’t have a smartphone or tablet, in which case you would need a computer to set it up and to cast videos from. Yes. The purpose of streaming media players is to get the signal for your movies and TV shows from the Internet instead of from a cable or satellite provider. Some players also let you watch content saved on your computer or mobile device, but you would still need Internet access to set up the device, download software updates and more. This Netflix article explains what speeds are required for various types of content. I’m using Netflix as a reference because a) they have very specific info on their site and b) I expect they’re a good proxy for other similar services. Internet Connection Speed Recommendations You can quickly test your connection’s speed at or get a more detailed analysis at https://speedtest.net/. I’m using Netflix as a reference because a) they have very specific info on their site and b) I expect they’re a good proxy for other similar services. The short version is that it depends on the quality of the content you’re streaming. Again, from Netflix: “Watching TV shows or movies on Netflix uses about 1 GB of data per hour for each stream of standard definition video, and up to 3 GB per hour for each stream of HD video.” 4K Ultra HD uses up to 7 GB an hour. Note that these numbers apply whether you’re streaming the show to your TV, computer, or mobile device. Read the full article for more details of the different settings Netflix offers and how to change them for your account. If your phone has a hotspot feature, you may be able to use it as the Internet connection for your streaming media player. However, it can use up a lot of data quickly (see earlier question) and even if you have an unlimited data plan, make sure that includes when you use the phone as a hotspot. A lot of times, it doesn’t apply to that situation. Also note that cell service is often not as strong, fast, or reliable as Wi-Fi, so you may have issues with buffering and picture quality. Check out this T4L post for more details on how to stream using a mobile hotspot. This is a common question because there’s no “Off” button on the players. Unless you unplug them, they’re always on. The purpose of that is so that it can download software updates automatically but it doesn’t stream content unless you’re playing something on it. However, it’s important to know that your player will not stop streaming just because you turn off your TV. And it depends on the channel you’re watching what will happen. Some of them will stop streaming at the end of the current program/movie you’re watching but others will automatically move to the next item in your queue. (You may be able to change this in the player’s or content provider’s settings.) So it’s important that you actively stop the streaming before turning off your TV. You can do this by pressing the Home button on your remote and making sure it does take you to the Home screen (sometimes a single click might not register). You can also do it by pressing the Play/Pause button, but you could accidentally hit that button again when moving the remote and wouldn’t know that the show had started playing again. Your safest bet is going to the Home screen. Yes, although how you use it depends on the player. Learn more in this T4L post: Use ExpressVPN to Access TV Shows and Movies Not Available in Your Location No. A streaming player takes the video signal from the Internet, so you can use it without having cable or satellite service. However, you may need cable/satellite to watch certain TV programming through your streaming player or you may need to buy a separate subscription for networks that offer that. For example, if you pay for HBO through your cable provider, then you can use the HBO GO app to stream their shows for free by using your cable company login. If you do not have cable or your package doesn’t include HBO, you can purchase the HBO NOW service and use that app to watch their shows. If you have a cable/satellite subscription and a streaming media player, you will have two different things going into your TV: the cable from your TV provider’s box (or the wall, if you don’t use a box) and your player’s cable. Your TV remote should have a button for Input, which you use to switch between those two sources of content. The player one is probably hooked to something like HDMI 1 (or 2 or 3…). So you need to use your TV remote to select that input. (Some players will automatically switch to the correct input when you press a button on its remote.) Then you’ll use the player’s remote or a content provider’s mobile app to select something to watch from the Internet. It depends on what you mean by “regular TV.” If you’re from my generation (-ish), “watching TV” means turning it on and going to a broadcast or basic cable channel (CBS, ABC, CNN, Bravo, etc.) or premium pay-TV channel (HBO, Showtime, etc.) and watching whatever is on that station at that time. Streaming generally works differently, although there are starting to be options that make it more like the old-fashioned way. 🙂 Until recently, most streaming content was available on demand, i.e. you could watch them at any time as long as a) the network or a third-party content provider made them available over the Internet and b) you had access to the shows available from those providers. These options still exist, and there are various ways to get that access: You pay a monthly subscription (Netflix, Hulu, CBS All Access, HBO NOW) or per episode/season of a show (Amazon, iTunes, Google Play, Vudu). You have a cable or satellite subscription that includes the networks that have the content, in which case you’ll need to log into your cable or satellite service to access it (usually for free). Most cable networks require this, including HBO GO, FX Networks, and so on. The network makes the shows available for free. Which episodes are available varies from network to network. It might be the day after it airs for some shows and a week later for others. They also may only be available for a limited time period. You use the network’s website or app on your computer or mobile device. Some networks allow you to watch their shows on those devices but not through a streaming player, or through some streaming players but not others. In the last couple of years, a number of streaming services have launched that provide various bundles of live programming for a monthly fee. These include Sling TV, PlayStation Vue, and DIRECTV NOW, Hulu Live TV, and YouTube TV. These still have a ways to go to offer the same level of reliability and ease of use as cable, but they’re improving all the time. Additionally, some TV stations also have some local programming available on their websites. Usually it’s not live although some stations do provide limited live programming (you usually need a cable or satellite subscription to access the live feed). In that case you may be able to watch them on your TV using PlayOn software that lets you stream almost any web video to your TV with a compatible player or by mirroring your computer or mobile device screen. Finally, you can still watch shows live from the free broadcast networks using an antenna without a streaming player at all, as long as you don’t live in a place where you can’t get a good signal. As I’ve said before, it is VERY confusing and I can’t blame anybody for not being able to make sense of it, but I am trying to do my best to make it a little clearer! 🙂 So if I have a streaming media player and an antenna, can I cancel my cable/satellite service? It depends entirely on what you like to watch. If you cancel your cable or satellite service, you’ll probably lose access to at least some programming, although the new streaming bundle services I mentioned in the previous section are starting to fill in the gaps. One thing to keep in mind is if you live in an area where you can’t get high-bandwidth Internet service at a reasonable cost, you may find streaming is actually more expensive than your cable service. No. A Smart TV is one that can connect to the Internet directly to access content from it. Since that’s what a streaming media player does, you could say it turns a regular TV into a Smart TV. Learn more in this T4L post: Do You Need a Smart TV To Use a Streaming Media Player? Yes, you can use an HDMI switcher to plug multiple HDMI devices into a single port on your TV. This is the one I have, but there are many other models available: http://amzn.to/1nVNYb0. Yes. All you need to do is plug each player into a different port and then use your TV remote to switch to the input for the one you want to watch. As is the case with many technology-related questions, the answer is: It depends. The basic concept here is that all the “magic” behind the player comes from the connections that have been set up between the device, your account with the device manufacturer (Roku, Apple, Amazon, Google), and any accounts you have with content providers (Netflix, Amazon, Hulu Plus, HBO GO, etc.). Your TV simply acts like a big computer monitor that takes the signal coming out of the device and plays it through its screen and speakers. This means two things related to the original question. First, a device must be physically attached to your TV to be able to watch streaming content through it. You can’t access the signal from a device connected to a different TV. Second, if you have multiple TVs in your home but you only ever watch one at a time, you can simply move your device from one TV to another. All of your settings will still be intact. However, if you want to use the device with more than one TV at the same time, then you need a separate box or stick for each TV. Whether a TV can work with a streaming media player depends on what kind of connection ports it has. If it has an HDMI port, then it will work with most players. If it doesn’t have an HDMI port but it has RCA ports (red/white/yellow), then you can get a Roku Express+, which as those ports. How do I switch back to regular TV? Your TV remote should have a button on it marked Input. When you click that, you will see all the different input ports on your TV, e.g. HDMI 1, A/V, etc. Use the remote keys to select the port that your cable or satellite box is attached to (or the TV port if you have cable going straight from the wall into your TV). Note: If you use the remote for your cable/satellite box to turn your TV on and off, it may not have an Input button. In that case you’ll need the remote that came with your TV. If you no longer have that, there should be a button somewhere on the TV itself to let you change the input. On my Panasonic model, it’s on the right-hand side of the TV. If I buy a Roku/Fire TV/Apple TV/Google Chromecast, is that a one-time cost or do I have to pay annually? The devices themselves are a one-time cost. However, you may need to pay for subscriptions to the content you want to watch through it. The purpose of a streaming media player is to let you can watch things on your TV that normally you would only be able to watch on your computer or mobile device. But it doesn’t give you free access to that content. For example, you may already have a Netflix subscription so you can watch movies on your tablet. With a streaming player, you can watch their movies and other programs on your TV, with its larger screen and better sound system, but you still need to pay for the Netflix subscription. It’s like you can buy a television but you still need to pay to watch shows on it, either through a cable or satellite subscription or through advertising on broadcast networks if you use an antenna. There is some free content available to watch with streaming players—for example, Crackle offers advertising-supported programming and if you’re an Amazon Prime member, they make a subset of their video library available for free. However, the most popular content providers with the most recent movies and TV shows generally require you to pay for a monthly subscription, like Netflix and Hulu, or on a per-use basis, like Amazon Video. Each of the services have different costs and pricing structures. For example, with Netflix and Hulu you pay a monthly fee for unlimited content, with different fees for different features (SD vs HD, number of simultaneous screens, etc). Amazon Video charges you for each title you watch, but you pay different prices to rent something vs. buying it and extra for HD versions. They also have thousands of titles you can watch for free if you are an Amazon Prime member. HBO GO is free if you subscribe to HBO through your cable company AND if it permits you to watch HBO GO through your streaming media player. HBO also has a standalone streaming service, HBO NOW, that costs $15/month for people who don’t have cable service. So you really need to determine which services interest you and visit their website to see what the price is. Yes, there are several different methods for watching your personal media collection on your TV. Learn more about these options in this T4L post: How to Watch Your Personal Media Collection Through a Streaming Media Player I can’t provide specifics on what works or doesn’t work in other countries because I have no way to test them and there are so many variables involved. But here’s a post that talks about the general concepts of using streaming players and accessing content in other countries. No, you can’t use a DVR to record streaming videos. However there is software you can purchase called PlayOn that lets you record them. Learn more about PlayOn in this T4L post. Record Streaming Videos with PlayOn Streaming Media: News, Views, and How-Tos Comparing Netflix, Amazon Video, and Hulu Streaming Video Providers Filed Under: Amazon Fire TV, Cutting the Cable Cord, Featured, Popular, Reader Questions, Real Life Tech, Recommended, Streaming Media, Top Ten, TV Tagged With: Roku	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16656
__label__cc	0.683652	0.316348	« Kramm & Dlugi On Illuminating the Confusion of the Unclear The Rotational Effect » Kramm & Dlugi On Dodging the “Greenhouse” Bullet In Kramm & Dlugi On Illuminating the Confusion of the Unclear I pointed out that the authors of Scrutinizing the atmospheric greenhouse effect and its climatic impact are in agreement with climate science on the subject of “back radiation” from the atmosphere contributing to the surface temperature. No surprise to people familiar with the basics of radiative heat transfer. However, Kramm & Dlugi are apparently “in support of” Gerlich & Tscheuschner, who famously proposed that radiation from the atmosphere affecting the temperature of the ground was a violation of the second law of thermodynamics. A perpetual motion machine or something. (Or they were having a big laugh). For more on the exciting adventures of Gerlich & Tscheuschner, read On the Miseducation of the Uninformed.. The first article on the Kramm & Dlugi paper was short, highlighting that one essential point. Given the enthusiasm that new papers which “cast doubt” on the inappropriately-named “greenhouse” effect are lapped up by the blogosphere, I thought it was worth explaining a few things from their complete paper. If I sum it up in simple terms, it is a paper which will annoy climate scientists and add confusion to scientifically less clear folk who wonder about the “greenhouse” effect. And mostly, I have to say, without actually being wrong – or not technically wrong (note 1). This is its genius. Let’s see how they “dodge the bullet” of apparently slaying the “greenhouse” effect without actually contradicting anything of real significance in climate science. Goody & Yung’s Big Mistake Regular readers of this blog will know that I have a huge respect for Richard M. Goody, who wrote the seminal Atmospheric Radiation: Theoretical Basis in 1964. (The 2nd edition from 1989 is coauthored by Goody & Yung). However, they have a mistake in a graph on p.4: Kramm & Dlugi say: ..This figure also shows the atmospheric absorption spectrum for a solar beam reaching the ground level (b) and the same for a beam reaching the temperate tropopause (c) adopted from Goody and Yung [30]. Part (a) of Figure 5 completely differs from the original twin-peak diagram of Goody and Yung. We share the argument of Gerlich and Tscheuschner [2,4] that the original one is physically misleading.. I have the same argument about this one graph from Goody & Yung’s textbook. You can see my equivalent graph in 4th & 5th figures of The Sun and Max Planck Agree – Part Two. There is nothing in the development of theory by Goody & Yung that depends on this graph. Kramm & Dlugi don’t demonstrate anything else in error from Goody & Yung. However, I’m sure that someone who wants to devote enough time to the subject will probably find another error in their book, or at least, an incautious statement that could imply that they have carelessly tossed away their knowledge of basic physics. This is left as an exercise for the interested reader.. To clarify the idea for readers – the energy emitted by the climate system to space is approximately equal to the energy absorbed from the sun by the climate system. This is not in dispute. Kramm & Dlugi point out that one should be careful when attempting to plot equal areas on logarithmic graphs. Nice point. Kepler & Milankovitch Kramm & Dugli spend some time deriving the equations of planetary motion. These had been lost by climate science so it is good to see them recovered. They also comment on Milankovitch’s theory in terms that are interesting: Thus, on long-term scales of many thousands of years (expressed in kyr) we have to pay attention to Milankovitch’s [33] astronomical theory of climatic variations that ranks as the most important achievement in the theory of climate in the 20th century [10]. The theory definitely has a lot of mainstream support as being the explanation for the ice ages. However, as a comment to be developed one day when I understand enough to write about it, there isn’t one Milankovitch theory, there are many, and of necessity they contradict each other. Interesting as well to suggest it as the most important achievement in the theory of climate last century – as the consequence of accepting Milankovitch’s theory is that climate is very sensitive to small peturbations in radiative changes in particular regions at particular times. In essence, the Milankovitch theory appears to rely on quite a high climate sensitivity. Anyway, I’m not criticizing Kramm & Dugli or saying they are wrong. It’s just an interesting comment. And excellent that Kepler’s theories are no longer lost to the world of climate science. Energy Conversion in the Atmosphere & at the Surface The authors devote some time to this study (with no apparent differences to standard climate science) with the conclusion: ..Note that the local flux quantities like Q(θ, φ), H(θ, φ), G(θ, φ) and RL↑(θ, φ) are required to calculate global averages of these fluxes, but not global averages of respective values of temperature and humidity. An important point. They also confirm – as noted in Kramm & Dlugi On Illuminating the Confusion of the Unclear – that the energy balance at the surface is affected by the energy radiated by the atmosphere. Just helping out the many blog writers and blog commenters – be sure to strike Kramm & Dlugi off your list of advocates of the imaginary second law of thermodynamics. The Gulags for Everyone? – Climatology Loses Its Rational Basis The authors cite this extract from the WMO website about the “greenhouse” effect: In the atmosphere, not all radiation emitted by the Earth surface reaches the outer space. Part of it is reflected back to the Earth surface by the atmosphere (greenhouse effect) leading to a global average temperature of about 14°C well above –19°C which would have been felt without this effect. This website statement is incorrect as the radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface is absorbed and re-emitted by the atmosphere – not reflected. This is a very basic error. Note that the argument that “part of it is reflected back to the Earth surface by the atmosphere” is completely irrational from a physical point of view. Such an argument also indicates that the discipline of climatology has lost its rational basis. Thus, the explanation of the WMO is rejected.. Well, we could argue that if one person writing a website for one body writes one thing that is not technically correct then that whole discipline has lost its rational basis. We could. Seems uncharitable to me. Although I have to confess that on occasion I am a little bit uncharitable. I wrote that Gerlich & Tscheuschner had lost their marbles, or were having a big laugh, with their many ridiculous and unfounded statements. We all have our off days. I think if we want to uphold high standards of defendable technical accuracy we would say that the person that wrote this website and the person that reviewed this website are not technically sound as far as the specifics of radiative physics go. I’m hard pressed to think it is justified to cast stones at say Prof. Richard M Goody for this particular travesty. Or Prof. R. Lindzen. Or Prof. V. Ramanathan. Or Prof. F.W. Taylor. Otherwise it might be a bit like Stalin with the Gulag. Everyone and their mother gets tarred with the sins of the fellow down the road and 30 million people wind up digging rocks out of the ground in a very cold place.. But let’s stay on topic. If indeed there is one. Now that we have found a graph in Goody that is wrong, a website that has a mistake and have rediscovered Kepler’s equations of motion, we turn to the main course. Kramm & Dlugi turn to perhaps their main point, about the surface temperature of the earth with and without radiatively-active gases. As a clarification for newcomers, average temperature has many problems. Due to the non-linearity of radiative physics, if we calculate the average radiation from the average temperature we will get a different answer compared with calculating the radiation from the temperature at each location/time and then taking the average. For more on this basic topic see under the subheading How to Average in Why Global Mean Surface Temperature Should be Relegated, Or Mostly Ignored First citing Lacis et al: The difference between the nominal global mean surface temperature (TS = 288 K) and the global mean effective temperature (TE = 255 K) is a common measure of the terrestrial greenhouse effect (GT = TS – TE = 33 K). The authors develop some maths, of which this is just a sample: Using Eq. 3.8 and ignoring G(θ,φ) will lead to: <Ts> = 23/2Te/5 ≈ 144K (3.9) for a non-rotating Earth in the absence of its atmosphere, if S = 1367 W/m² , α (Θ0, θ, φ) = αE = 0.30 and ε(θ, φ) = ε = 1 are assumed [2] Ts = 153 K if αE = 0.12 and Ts = 155 K if αE = 0.07 It might surprise readers that these particular points are not something novel or in contradiction to the “greenhouse” effect. In fact, you can see similar points in two articles (at least) on this blog: – In The Hoover Incident we had a look at what would happen to the climate if all the radiatively-active gases (= “greenhouse” gases) were removed from the atmosphere. Here is an extract: ..And depending on the ice sheet extent and whether any clouds still existed the value of outgoing radiation might be around 1.0 – 1.5 x 1017 W. This upper value would depend on the ice sheets not growing and all the clouds disappearing which seems impossible, but it’s just for illustration. Remember that nothing in all this time can stop the emitted radiation from the surface making it to space. So the only changes in the energy balance can come from changes to the earth’s albedo (affecting absorbed solar radiation). And given that when objects emit more energy than they absorb they cool down, the earth will certainly cool. The atmosphere cannot emit any radiation so any atmospheric changes will only change the distribution of energy around the climate system. What would the temperature of the earth be? I have no idea.. Notice the heresy that without “greenhouse” gases we can’t say for sure what the surface temperature would be.. (It’s definitely going to be significantly lower though). – In Atmospheric Radiation and the “Greenhouse” Effect – Part One: ..The average for 2009 [of outgoing longwave radiation] is 239 W/m². This average includes days, nights and weekends. The average can be converted to the total energy emitted from the climate system over a year like this: Total energy radiated by the climate system into space in one year = 239 x number of seconds in a year x area of the earth in meters squared.. The reason for calculating the total energy in 2009 is because many people have realized that there is a problem with average temperatures and imagine that this problem is carried over to average radiation. Not true. We can take average radiation and convert it into total energy with no problem.. The point here is that the total emitted top of atmosphere radiation is much lower than the total surface emitted radiation. It can be calculated. In that article I haven’t actually attempted to do it accurately – it would require some work (spatial and temporal temperature across a year and the longwave emissivity of the surface around the globe) – it is a straightforward yet tedious calculation. (See note 2). A note in passing that this difference between the top of atmosphere radiation and the surface radiation is also derided by the internet imaginary second law advocates as being a physical impossibility because it “creates energy”. Now I am not in any way a “representative of climate science” despite the many claims to this effect, it’s just that the basics are.. the basics. And radiative transfer in the atmosphere is a technical yet simple subject which can be easily solved with the aid of some decent computing power. So I have no quarrel with anything of substance that I have so far read in textbooks or papers on radiative physics. Yet I appear to have stated similar points to Kramm & Dlugi. Perhaps Kramm & Dlugi have not yet stated anything controversial on the inappropriately-named “greenhouse” effect. They take issue with what I would call the “introduction to the greenhouse effect” where a simple comparison is drawn. This is where the “greenhouse” effect is highlighted as “effective temperature”. It could more accurately be highlighted as “difference in average flux between surface and TOA” or “difference in total flux between surface and TOA” Is it of consequence to anything in climate science if we agreed that the difference between the TOA radiation to space and the upward surface radiation is a better measure of the “greenhouse” effect? Kramm & Dlugi comment on a paper by Ramanathan et al: “At a surface temperature of 288 K the long-wave emission by the surface is about 390 W/m², whereas the outgoing long-wave radiation at the top of the atmosphere is only 236 W/m² (see Figure 2 [here presented as Figure 17]). Thus the intervening atmosphere causes a significant reduction in the long-wave emission to space. This reduction in the long-wave emission to space is referred to as the greenhouse effect” As discussed before, applying the power law of Stefan and Boltzmann to a globally averaged temperature cannot be justified by physical and mathematical reasons. Thus, the argument that at a surface temperature of 288 K the long-wave emission by the surface is about 390 W/m² is meaningless. Just for interest here is how Ramanathan et al described their paper: The two primary objectives of this review paper are (1) to describe the new scientific challenges posed by the trace gas climate problem and to summarize current strategies for meeting these challenges and (2) to make an assessment 0f the trace gas effects on troposphere-stratosphere temperature trends for the period covering the pre-industrial era to the present and for the next several decades. We will rely heavily on the numerous reports.. We could assume they don’t understand science basics, despite their many excellent papers demonstrating otherwise. Or we could assume that someone writing their 100th paper in the field of climate science doesn’t need to demonstrate that something called the “greenhouse” effect exists, or quantify it accurately in some specific way unless that is necessary for the specific purpose of the paper. However, this is the genius of Kramm & Dlugi’s paper.. Dodging the Bullet Casual readers of this paper (and people who rely on the statements of others about this paper) might think that they had demonstrated that the “greenhouse” effect doesn’t exist. They make a claim in their conclusion, of course, but they haven’t proven anything of the sort. Instead they have written a paper explaining what everyone in climate science already knows. Is Esurface significantly greater than ETOA ? Hopefully, the authors will show up and confirm these important points. The authors have shown us: that a graph in the seminal Goody & Yung textbook is wrong Kepler’s laws of planetary motion that a website describes the “greenhouse” effect inaccurately that without any “greenhouse” gases the effective albedo of the earth would be different the average temperature of the earth’s surface can’t be used to calculate the average upward surface radiation However, the important calculations of “radiative forcing” and various effects of increasing concentrations of radiatively-active gases are all done without using the “33K greenhouse effect”. Without using the 33K “greenhouse” effect, we can derive all the equations of radiative transfer, solve them using the data for atmospheric temperature profiles, concentration of “greenhouse” gases, spectral line data from the HITRAN database and get: the correct flux and spectral intensity at top of atmosphere the correct flux and spectral intensity of downward radiation at the surface We can also do this for changes in concentrations of various gases and find out the changes in top of atmosphere and downward surface flux. (Feedback and natural climate variations are the tricky part). The discussions about average temperature are an amusing sideshow. They are of no consequence for deriving the “greenhouse” effect or for determining the changes that might take place in the climate from increases or decreases in these gases. Note 1: I didn’t check everything, so there could be mistakes. As the full article makes clear, not much need to check. I don’t endorse their last paragraph, as my conclusion – and article – makes clear. Note 2: The calculation in that article for total annual global surface radiation doesn’t take into account surface emissivity. The value of ocean emissivity is incorrectly stated (see Emissivity of the Ocean). There are probably numerous other errors which I will fix one day if someone points them out. on January 5, 2012 at 10:19 am \| Reply cynicus [..] the challenge of correctly identifying surface temperature without any “greenhouse” gases, is more challenging than identifying the surface temperature with pre-industrial concentrations of CO2 doubled. Ray Pierrehumbert forwards a similar argument in this recent comment and provides some specifics about why this is so. on January 5, 2012 at 10:20 am cynicus Sorry, wrong link. This is the correct one on January 5, 2012 at 11:41 am \| Reply Kenneth Rundt Thanks for this article. I would like to take the opportunity to try to explain in “layman’s” terms why the so called “greenhouse” effect does NOT violate then 2nd law of thermodynamics. I’ll start by suing a simple example from real life: if you feel cold you can wrap a blanket around your. This blanket will make you feel warm; it will “heat you up”. Naturally the blanket does not create any heat; it only isolates you from the surroundings and keeps your body warmer, while the surrounded air will become cooler in corresponding amount. The total amount of heat stays the same in the system “you + surrounding air”. Now think about a layer of the atmosphere, close to the earth. It contains, among other “greenhouse” gases, a certain amount of carbon dioxide, CO2. Let’s say that the amount is c1, at an initial, random stage. The outgoing IR radiation from the warm surface of the earth will be absorbed by this CO2 at certain wavelength regions. Let’s furthermore anticipate that 99.9 % of this radiation is absorbed at a height h1. Now, we increase the amount of CO2 up to a level c2 More IR radiation is now absorbed and the height at which 99.9 % of this radiation is absorbed decrease from h1 to h2. At the same time the atmosphere above h2 will cool down in corresponding amount, in order to keep the total energy in the system constant (due to the 2nd law of thermodynamics). Now, as the gas in the layer below h2 warms up it will also expand somewhat so that the level h2 will increase closer to h1. At the same time the gas will cool down, according to the gas law. The gas above h2, which already has cooled down a bit, will now contract. What I describe above in very simple steps will not happen in discrete steps but as a continuous process until equilibrium is reached. The final equilibrium state will thus be a state where the lower gas layer, up to h2, has warmed slightly, while the upper layer above h2 has cooled slightly. As warm air rises up, there will be more convection and exchange of air between these two levels than before, of course. I don’t know what the end effect – the effect on climate – will be. And I will not even try to deduce it. I only want to say that there is no violation of any thermodynamics or any other physical laws in this simple model. on January 12, 2012 at 11:58 am \| Reply Curious from Cleathropes Kenneth, I like the analogy you have given! With respect to the above analogue. Do calculations of the affect of “greenhouse gases” on the temperature take into account Convection or this is effect neglible? Many thanks and Happy New Year! on January 6, 2012 at 5:22 am \| Reply Frank SOD: I’m sure Steve McIntyre sympathizes with your difficulties with trying to unravel the “truth” while others seek to make it more obscure. I appreciate your efforts. http://climateaudit.org/2009/10/14/upside-side-down-mann-and-the-peerreviewedliterature/ http://climateaudit.org/2010/08/10/conflicted-reviewers-distort-literature/ On page 990 (when discussing Ramanathan’s explanation for the greenhouse effect), Kramm says: “As discussed before, applying the power law of Stefan and Boltzmann to a globally averaged temperature cannot be justified by physical and mathematical reasons. Thus, the argument that at a surface temperature of 288 K the long-wave emission by the surface is about 390 W·m–2 is meaningless.” How wrong is it to use the average global temperature in such calculations? I created a data set of 1000 normally distributed temperatures with a mean of 288 degK and a standard deviation of 10.6 degK. Two standard deviations is 261 degK (-12 degC) to 309 degK (36 degC), a generous spread that ought to cover the problem. Using the data set to calculate surface emission (emissivity = 1) and then averaging produced an average emission of 392 W/m^2. The same data set with the temperature averaged before calculating the emission gave 289 W/m^2. Ramanathan describes the greenhouse effect as the difference between the outward TOA flux observed from space – 236 W/m2 – and surface flux, “miscalculated” to be 290 W/m2. Kramm completely dismisses a greenhouse effect of 54 W/m2 because of an approximate calculation with a likely error of about 3 W/m^2. If Ramanathan made a dubious calculation, it was Kramm’s job to get the real gridded global temperature data and show precisely how big the error is. The radiation is proportional integral T^4. At different temperatures can given specify any local temperature T with Tm +DT, with integral DT = 0. For the radiation is then: Integral T^4 = integral (Tm + DT)^4 = Tm^4 Integral (1 + Dt / Tm)^4 = = Tm^4 [1 + 4 integral (DT / Tm) + 6 integral (DT / Tm)^2 + 4 integral (DT / Tm)^3 + integral (DT / Tm)^4] The first integral is the mean, the second integral is read definition = 0, the third integral is positive, but small at small DT / Tm, the fourth Integral smaller still (almost 0 for definition), the fifth smaller. So at low DT / Tm, the integral T^4 is only slightly larger than integral Tm^4 on January 6, 2012 at 6:43 pm Gerhard Kramm Ebel, this is an old hat. The linearisation of the power law of Stefan and Boltzmann was already used in numerical weather prediction models several decades ago to avoid to iteratively determine the surface temperature on the basis of an energy flux balance. Jochen: I don’t have many old hats at my fingertips, so I found this one quite elegant. Thanks for showing it. Kramm, my derivation has little to do with a linearization, just the linear term is eliminated. on January 6, 2012 at 4:28 pm \| Reply Dolphinhead love your work but dont understand the really technical stuff. I don’t know if you pick up on comments on earlier threads – I know it must be difficult – but I have just posted a query on the “Why Global Mean Surface Temperature Should be Relegated, Or Mostly Ignored” thread and I note there is another unanswered post on that thread Frank says “How wrong is it to use the average global temperature in such calculations? I created a data set of 1000 normally distributed temperatures with a mean of 288 degK and a standard deviation of 10.6 degK. Two standard deviations is 261 degK (-12 degC) to 309 degK (36 degC), a generous spread that ought to cover the problem. Using the data set to calculate surface emission (emissivity = 1)” Is this a realistic set of temperatures? What about the Antartic where averages are in the -50C range. emissivity = 1 is also pushing it a bit what about deserts? It would be an interesting exercise to do a re-run with these wider limits. Bryan: Antarctica is 3% of the earth’s surface, 2 standard deviations covers 95%. The highest of the 1000 datapoint EXCEL generated at random for me was 319 degK (46 degC) and the low happened to be 193 degK (-80 degK). If you don’t like my assumptions, please do the calculations yourself (Tool/Data Analysis/Random Number Generator) and show me why I’m wrong. The temperature term is raised to the four power, so the mean of the fourth power can be different from the fourth power of the mean. Emissivity isn’t raised to any power, so it doesn’t have this problem. 70% of the surface is ocean with an emissivity of 0.99 and most of the land is 0.95-0.99 and all of it is >0.92. home.comcast.net/~snyderwc/ijrsemis.pdf The error again is trivial on January 6, 2012 at 6:06 pm \| Reply iya If you can run the model with double CO2, it surely can’t be difficult to run it without any CO2? What’s the result? Can you point me to a simple but basically correct open-source 1d radiative-convective model? on January 6, 2012 at 10:25 pm \| Reply scienceofdoom Trenberth, Fasullo & Kiehl (2009) did the calculation using actual values from around the globe every 6 hours with emissivity, ε=1.0. The value of upward radiation averaging first all of these temperatures = 389 W/m2. [ σ<T>4 = 389 W/m2 ] The value of upward radiation calculating each flux value, σT4, and then averaging = 396 W/m2. [ <σT4> = 396 W/m2 ] The argument against going to the trouble of computing the average of εσT4 for each location was given as this reason – The upward longwave radiation from the surface = emitted + reflected radiation = εσT4 + (1-ε)Ra where Ra = downward radiation from the atmosphere. So if we consider typical values like: – surface temperature, T = 288K (15’C) – downward radiation = 330 W/m2 – emissivity, ε = 0.95 the actual value of upward longwave radiation = 0.95 x 390 + 0.05 x 330 = 387 W/m2 vs the assumed value for unity emissivity = 390 W/m2 – i.e., error = 1%. (Note that their paper appears to have an error in their note on emissivity of water, citing Wilber. Wilber et al plotted emissivity for 4-16 μm as their paper was aimed at satellite measurements of the surface. Citing from my own authoritative article, The Emissivity of the Ocean: ..From quite ancient data, the average emissivity of water across a very wide broadband range (1-100 μm) is 0.96 for water temperatures from 0-30°C.. Now, in the case of Trenberth, Fasullo & Kiehl they have a different purpose from ours. Ours is clarifying whether such a thing as the “greenhouse” effect actually exists. (Actually, whether Kramm & Dlugi have demonstrated that it doesn’t). In our case we only want to compare the radiation emitted by the surface with the radiation emitted by the atmosphere [clarification added: “by the atmosphere to space”] (see my question to Kramm & Dlugi near the end of the article). So in the case of our mission here an emissivity = 0.95 means an error of 5% for actual emitted radiation compared with the value from assuming emissivity = 1.0. Trivial to demonstrate that the emissivity of the earth’s surface cannot be 0.60 (the value needed to make the emitted surface flux = climate system flux into space), given that the ocean has an emissivity approx. 0.95. Or strictly speaking, slightly less trivial to demonstrate that the emissivity of the earth’s surface cannot be such that the total energy emitted by the surface in one year is equal to the total energy emitted by the atmosphere in one year. on January 6, 2012 at 11:02 pm \| Reply iya We’ll, I’ve found something but it’s all fortran… Maybe somebody could clear up a few things, without me having to crawl through the code. I’ve also read an older article, concerning models: https://scienceofdoom.com/2010/02/19/co2-an-insignificant-trace-gas-part-seven-the-boring-numbers/ I’m really just interested in the “first order forcing”. My best guess is that the models are actually correct and only the communication is weird. After running several scenarios, we get the formula for radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere: ΔF = 5.35 ln (C/C0) The formula has a singularity, for a totally valid input (C = 0), which indicates that it isn’t actually the correct relationship. What does radiative forcing at the TOA mean, i.e. how is it determined from the model state? There’s only outgoing long wave radiation and incoming solar there. Why is “radiative forcing” used as a unit, because to determine it, one needs to know the temperature of the atmosphere, so why not just state the temperature response directly, e.g. at the tropopause or surface? Is outgoing long wave radiation a boundary condition? It shouldn’t be, as enough photons will leave the TOA automatically. How is the height of the tropopause determined, naturally from the physics, or parametrized? Is the temperature of the tropopause warming and/or is its height rising; because both should cause surface warming, so what exactly is going on? Is the stratosphere actually cooling with more CO2, but warming with more aerosols? The simple log ratio formula fails at low concentration because the response is linear rather than logarithmic at low concentration. The log ratio is approximately correct for concentrations of CO2 greater than ~20 ppmv. The IPCC has defined radiative forcing as the forcing at the tropopause after allowing the stratosphere and above reach steady state. Since convection plays essentially no role above the tropopause, the time to reach steady state for the upper atmosphere is on the order of a few months. Since temperature increases in the stratosphere, the tropopause is defined as the point where the temperature stops decreasing. The tropopause is not a bright line, though. It’s a boundary layer between the troposphere where convective heat transfer is important and the stratosphere where it isn’t. Also, because the temperature in the stratosphere increases with altitude, forcing reaches a maximum at the tropopause. If the stratosphere were not allowed to relax to the new steady state, forcing would decrease with altitude above the tropopause. A forcing is calculated before the temperature of the surface and the troposphere is allowed to change after an instantaneous increase in, say, CO2. The sensitivity of the climate to the forcing, i.e. how much the temperature will change, is a completely separate issue. Both an increase in CO2 and a loss of ozone contribute to stratospheric cooling. Volcanic aerosols cause a short term increase in stratospheric temperature. I think there may also be a longer term small cooling effect, but that’s just my opinion. There is some evidence that stratospheric ozone is at least no longer decreasing as the bad CFC’s go away. If stratospheric ozone recovers, we might actually see some warming depending on the relative rates of CO2 and ozone increase. Radiative Forcing is nonsense for global warming. The truth is ” It’s a boundary layer between the troposphere where convective heat transfer is important and the stratosphere where it isn’t.” The temperature gradient in the troposphere is nearly independent of the concentration of CO2. The tropopause is where the stratification of the air is unstable in the stratosphere is due to the growing temperature gradient. Because in the stratosphere is no convective heat transport, is there radiation equilibrium. Higher CO2 levels will scale the radiative transfer equation and the critical point of the temperature gradient is achieved at a lower pressure of Tropopausen. This follows a thicker troposphere with a larger temperature difference across the troposphere. To the earth’s radiation balance is distributed to keep, is the additional temperature difference is 3 / 4 on the cooling of the stratosphere and 1 / 4 on the warming of the surface. The thinner cooler stratosphere has a lower radiation intensity, no higher (“radiative forcing”). Without the UV heating from above (ozone layer) in the upper stratosphere layers would decrease the temperature throughout the stratosphere – but with a low temperature gradient. on January 7, 2012 at 10:01 am iya “A forcing is calculated before the temperature of the surface and the troposphere is allowed to change after an instantaneous increase in, say, CO2.” Are they really solving the stratosphere independently of the troposphere? How could that be possible, as the CO2 is added very slowly? The dynamics between troposphere and stratosphere should be very important. “The sensitivity of the climate to the forcing, i.e. how much the temperature will change, is a completely separate issue.” This is my biggest issue, because it seems so backwards. How can it be a “completely separate issue”? Do you agree, that there can only be a flux (in addition to solar), once the temperature of the atmosphere is above 0 K? So if you initialize everything at 0 K, how do you calculate the radiative forcing? My guess is, that it’s somehow based on the change in optical depth, which is temperature independent, and the previous temperature? “forcing reaches a maximum at the tropopause.” This is the infamous fingerprint. Assuming no H2O, as it could change the laps rate, shouldn’t the maximum forcing be at the surface, where you have the maximum optical depth and the maximum temperature? “Both an increase in CO2 and a loss of ozone contribute to stratospheric cooling.” I see how aerosols and ozone cause warming, by absorbing shortwave solar, but shouldn’t CO2 be neutral, as it warms by absorbing upwelling infrared and equally cools by emitting infrared? Maybe it’s just an artifact of everything being lifted upwards. @Jochen Ebel That’s what I’m thinking, but to quantify it, you have to run a model, so the question is: are the models fundamentally correct, and only the language of “radiative forcing” is dubious, or are the models fundamentally incorrect? That’s what we have on Mars and Venus, where we have no stratosphere and mesosphere, so ozone seems to be very important, too; even though it’s no greenhouse gas. on January 7, 2012 at 12:00 pm Jochen Ebel As far as I know, the models are not computed with the solar forcing and therefore should expect basically correct. But if the distortions caused by the simplifications (for models are necessary) are not too large, is the real problem. Also on Mars and Venus is a stratosphere – an atmosphere with greenhouse gases without stratosphere there is not. The Tropopausendruck on Venus is about 0.4 mbar, similar to Mars and the partial pressure of CO2 of Tropopause of earth in mid-latitudes is at about 0.16 mbar. on January 7, 2012 at 2:26 pm iya Mars and Venus may have a stratosphere, but I was mainly referring to the temperature profiles: Earth atmosphere is _on_average_ more isothermal. Ozone raises the temperature in the stratosphere, so the emissions from CO2 from the stratosphere increase, and the tropopause and surface temperature decreases? In other words, ozone makes the atmosphere more isothermal on average and thus reduces the greenhouse effect? The influence of ozone on the surface temperature is low. Better the tropopause is seen as a function of pressure : http://www.datasync.com/~rsf1/vel/1918vpt.htm http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/Marsatmos.html ozone acts as a greenhouse gas especially in the troposphere, where it is a product of engine exhausts. It is handled in various regional and global climate models. FWIW to pick another nit, there is reflection of thermal radiation by clouds (and even by Rayleigh scattering from the atmosphere, it is just that it is not large compared to emission from thermally excited greenhouse gases. on January 25, 2012 at 7:28 pm Gerhard Kramm Dr. Halpern (aka Eli Rabett) Tropospheric ozone is formed in photochemical processes that are initiated by the emission of nitric oxide (NO) and its fast conversion to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The photo dissociation of the NO2 molecules generates oxygen atoms (3PO) which react with molecular oxygen (O2) under the presence of a third body to generate O3 molecules. In the absence of other chemically active species, there will be a photo-stationary state between NO, NO2, and O3 usually called the Leighton relationship. Highly reactive hydroxyl radicals are generated by the O3 photolysis.The oxidation effect of these radicals contributes to acid formation and, by complex reactions with non-methane hydrocarbons, leads to the formation of peroxy radicals. Peroxy radicals oxidize – in competition with ozone – NO to NO2. Therefore, they cause a shift of the photo-stationary state and enable a net ozone production. Consequently, O3 is not a product of engine exhausts. Nitrogen species, of course, are released in combustion processes. However, nitric oxide is also emitted by soils. Hydrocarbons are also emitted by forest canopies. This means that ozone has not only anthropogenic, but also natural origin. This recognition was already one of the topics of the international ozone conference held in La Jolla in 1993. Ozone is counted as a so-called greenhouse gas because of its 9.6 my band located in the atmospheric window. Scattering of infrared radiation plays a notable role only in case of the small crystals of cirrus clouds especially in the highly transparent range of the atmospheric window. In case of water clouds scattering of infrared radiation is completely insignificant. Water clouds absorbs and emits like black bodies. In the presence of water cloud the atmospheric window is nearly closed. on February 14, 2012 at 10:36 pm Eli Rabett There are, of course, limits to obliviousness, but Gerhard is perhaps not aware of them. NOx is a direct product of engine exhausts, mostly because some N2 reacts in the hot explosion in the internal combustion engine. While there are natural sources, in metro areas they are overwhelmed by that produced from cars. Large cities will be quite happy to hear that the excess ozone is not a product of engine exhaust according to Gerhard Kramm. Everyone else will simply roll their eyes iya: ..The formula has a singularity, for a totally valid input (C = 0), which indicates that it isn’t actually the correct relationship.. The relationship is an empirical one. It is applied to the useful values within the range of pre-industrial to quadrupled CO2. It is not a precise value anyway and is simply a curve fit of values solved numerically using the radiative transfer equations. It is a “ready reckoner” for the range of interest. Automobiles contributed significantly to smog and ozone formation in the Los Angeles basin. But it was as much branched hydrocarbons as it was nitrogen oxides. The California Air Resources Board in its infinite wisdom initially decided that hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (because it was toxic presumably) needed to be reduced in vehicle exhausts. At the time there was no catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Combustion temperature was increased and air was injected into the exhaust ports of car engines. The result was an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Smog got worse as there were still plenty of sources of hydrocarbons other than cars. And in cars, the major source of hydrocarbons was the fuel tank, not the engine. So now gas pumps in California have these ungainly hoses so that the vapors pumped out by gas going into the tank are directed back into the underground tanks and the vent line to the fuel tank has an activated carbon filter that is supposed to capture most of the vapors emitted while the engine isn’t running. on January 25, 2012 at 10:27 pm Frank I wish we had those ungainly hoses where I live. Ozone is the worst air pollutant and it comes from hydrocarbons – mostly emitted while the tank is being filled with gasoline, not when the gasoline is burned by the engine. Limits on hydrocarbons emissions from engines used to be 0.4 g/mi and they think its now down to about 0.1 g/mi. At 25 mpg, the engine releases 2.5 to 10 g of hydrocarbon per gallon of gas burned. The air in the gas tank is saturated with gasoline vapor that is displaced as the tank is filled. Since gasoline is a mixture whose volatility is adjusted with the season, it doesn’t have a well defined vapor pressure. If one takes ethanol as a model, its vapor pressure is about 0.1 atm (76 mm Hg) at 25 degC. 46 g/mole * 0.1 mole EtOH/mole air * 1 mole air/22.6 L air * 0.95 L/qt * 4 qt/gal = 7.7 g EtOH/gallon of air saturated with EtOH displaced from the tank upon filling. Of course, the idiots who spill some gas while “topping off”, can easily release far more. So, we spend hundreds of dollars per car engineering, building and testing catalytic converters, but skip the ungainly hoses and don’t educate the public about the relative importance of spillage and emissions. iya, For calculating forcing from doubled CO2, the CO2 isn’t added gradually. It’s an instantaneous doubling while retaining the same temperature and humidity profile in the troposphere but not the stratosphere. And that’s why sensitivity to forcing is a separate issue. For a given forcing, we don’t know how much the surface temperature will change because that’s not part of the forcing calculation. Ozone is a greenhouse gas, just not a well-mixed one because it’s not stable. It has a strong absorption band centered at about 1050 cm-1. If the Archer MODTRAN interface were working, I could give you an estimate of its importance. At 0 K, the forcing is 342 W/m² reduced by whatever the albedo of the surface would be. 342(1-α) where α is the albedo (reflectivity) for solar radiation). Forcing is calculated as the difference in emission before and after addition of greenhouse gas. At 0 K, there is no emission. If you assume an albedo of 0.3, which probably wouldn’t be the case at 0 K, the forcing would be 239.4 W/m². You should probably spend some time reading the key articles here as they would probably answer most of your questions. “radiative forcing” is an unchanged troposphere: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/glossary/ar4-wg1.pdf “… Radiative forcing is computed with all tropospheric properties held fi xed at their unperturbed values ….” Umm, that’s what I said. It’s an instantaneous doubling while retaining the same temperature and humidity profile in the troposphere but not the stratosphere. Obviously not all of the tropospheric properties are held fixed. The CO2 partial pressure changes. on January 8, 2012 at 1:13 am \| Reply iya But keeping the troposphere unchanged is obviously not a good model of reality. I wanted to know how the models work, and your answer reinforces my suspicion that they could be sloppy, whereas Jochen Ebel said the models don’t use any “forcing calculation”. What’s seldom mentioned is that greenhouse gases would not raise the surface temperature in an isothermal atmosphere, so it’s essential that everything is solved simultaneously, especially the temperature profile at every time step. you are right. It did not take a closer look on your formulae. You also considered an additional term in the development of T^2 by a a Taylor series. However,The integral you considered reads in your notation: INT (T^4) However, you have to tell us what the differential of this integral is. If this should be a surface integral as usually considered in global averaging then the integral must read INT_A (T^4) dA where A is the surface of the earth and (T^4) dA is the differential of the integral. The global average {…} is given by {T^4} = 1/A INT_A (T^4) dA This means that only the global average of T^4 is considered, but not the global average of T. These is a pair of different shoes. In principle, this integral only characterizes the global average of the infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, if an relative emissivity of eps = 1 is considered because multiplying this equation by Stefan’s constant provides sigma {T^4} = sigma/A INT_A (T^4) dA If T = T_r + DT so that T^4 = T_r^2 (1 + DT/T_r)^4 any development of (1 + DT/T_r)^4 by a Taylor series does not change the physical meaning of the integral. Note that the globally average surface temperature is still given by {T} = 1/A INT_A (T) dA Kramm A binomial should not be confused with a Taylor series. Moreover, {T} = T_r and then a write error is corrected. Instead T^4 = T_r^2 (1 + DT/T_r)^4 is T^4 = T_r^4 (1 + DT/T_r)^4 on January 9, 2012 at 10:48 pm Gerhard Kramm obviously, your knowledge is based on the paper of Trenberth et al. (2009, TFK) that I sent to you a couple of months ago. The formula of TFK is only valid for eps = 1, where the skewness must be equal to zero, i.e., the temperature deviations must be Gaussian-distributed. If eps < 1 as in most cases it is indispensable to build the surface average by considering eps(r) T(r), both quantities depend on the position vector r. From this point of view, it is not necessary to discuss the formula of TFK further. Therefore, I did not pay any attention to it. I recommend that someone who believes that the assumption eps = 1 is appropriate should read some textbooks on micro-meteorology and micro-climatology. Here are typical values for various surfaces: water: eps = 0.92 – 0.97 dry sand: 0.84 – 0.90 wet sand: 0.91 – 0.95 concrete: eps = 0.71 – 0.90 black gravel roads: eps = 0.88 – 0.95 old snow: eps = 0.82 fresah snow: 0.99 long grass: 0,90 short grass: 0.95 tundra: eps = 0.90 – 0.99 The textbooks of Tim Oke (1987), John Garratt (1992), and Roger Pielke sr. (1984, 2002) contain more data. At a temperature of about T = 288 K a reduction of eps by 0.01 results in a decrease of the emitted radiation by 3.9 W/m^2. For the purpose of comparison: The net anthropogenic radiative forcing for the period from 1750 to 2005 – as reported by the WG1 of the IPCC – amounts to 1.6 W/m^2. Equation (2.17) of Kramm and Dlugi (2011, KD) describes the structure of local energy flux schemes (here formulated for bare soil). All these fluxes have to be globally averaged. None of these globally averaged energy fluxes depends on a globally averaged surface temperature. The calculation of radiative forcing is a specific calculation for a specific purpose. This is essentially about the solution to the radiative transfer equations as various GHGs change in composition. This is a computationally very intensive exercise (given the 2M+ spectral lines in the HITRAN database and the change in spectral line width vs atmospheric pressure). GCMs by contrast solve their complete equation set for each grid cell at each time step – as you describe. I haven’t dug into what level of sophistication the GCMs have for the radiative transfer equations but it certainly isn’t a line by line solution for each grid cell at each time step, as this would soak up a massive proportion of the computational time for little comparative return. (I would assume that they would use band models or look up pre-calculated values, no doubt one of our knowledgeable readers can shed some light on this) You are correct that the radiative transfer isn’t calculated with even a band model for the GCM’s. It’s some form of parameterization, i.e. more than a look up table, but I don’t know the details. I do know that a few years back when there was an inter-model comparison, some of the models were off by quite a bit, 20% or more, on their calculations compared to line-by-line, but I think that’s been fixed. ..At a temperature of about T = 288 K a reduction of eps by 0.01 results in a decrease of the emitted radiation by 3.9 W/m^2. For the purpose of comparison: The net anthropogenic radiative forcing for the period from 1750 to 2005 – as reported by the WG1 of the IPCC – amounts to 1.6 W/m^2. But here we are discussing whether the inappropriately-named greenhouse exists, so for the purpose of comparison the emission of radiation to space from the climate system, Rc = 239 W/m2 globally annually averaged (note 1), and the emission of radiation from the surface is: Rs = σ/n x ΣεiTi4 – where i is 1:n And as: σ/n x ΣiTi4 = 396 W/m2 it is clear by inspection that for the values of longwave emissivity of the earth’s surface, it is impossible for Rs = Rc. Note 1: Strictly speaking the measured outgoing longwave radiation will include some surface reflected radiation but we don’t need to get to that level of detail for the purposes of this exercise. But for other reasons I am interested in what values are currently used in climate models for surface longwave emissivity, and what happens to calculations of radiative forcing (changes in net flux at the tropopause for increases in radiatively-active gases) as longwave emissivity is changed. on January 10, 2012 at 7:18 pm \| Reply Gerhard Kramm I only answered to Ebel. Your question about the definition of the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect is, indeed, the key question. As documented by Gerlich & Tscheuschner (2009) and Kramm & Dlugi (2011) there are many different definitions of the atmospheric greenhouse effect. This is already a bad indication. Most of them are rather inappropriate. They even do not define what usually is called an effect. My co-author and I, for instance, considered the explanations of this greenhouse effect given by the AMS and the WMO. These explanations quantify the effect by two different temperatures. One of them is the globally averaged near-surface temperature of about {T} = 288 K, and the other one is the temperature, T_e, of the radiative equilibrium for the Earth’s surface in the absence of the atmosphere. For a planetary emissivity of eps = 1 and a planetary albedo of a = 0.3 one obtains T_e = 255 K. The Difference DT = {T} – T_e = 33 K is then called the greenhouse effect. From a physical point of view this is sheer nonsense because these two temperature are neither comparable nor energetically relevant. Gerlich & Tscheuschner (2009) already demonstrated that the globally averaged surface temperature amounts to {T_s} = 144 K if eps = 1 and a = 0.3 is considered. This result is correct because they calculated the temperature for a radiative equilibrium on a local scale and then globally averaged over all local results. Gerlich & Tscheuschner also mentioned that the ground heat flux has to be taken into account. Indeed, without this ground heat flux one will never obtain the correct value for {T_s}. This ground heat flux is relatively small. However, if we try to predict it an the basis of Fourier’s law on heat conduction, it is necessary to considered the lower boundary conditions, usually the temperature at a certain depth d at which this heat flux becomes negligible. At this depth the temperature does not change during a certain period. This means that the energy flux balance at the surface of a planet having no atmosphere is connected – via the ground heat flux – to a heat reservoir which is so large that it does not allow to change the temperature at its outer edge, namely the depth d. Our Moon is a nearly perfect instance for a planet in the absence of its atmosphere. Let us consider the results of Vasavada et al. (Icarus 141, 179–193, 1999). On their Figure 2 they showed the surface temperature at the Moon’s equator for one Moon day. At noon the temperature is of about 400 K. Then, the surface temperature decreases to 130 after 6 Moon hours and nearly 100 K after 18 Moon hours. Then, the surface temperature increases to nearly 400 K. The averaged surface temperature for the Moon’s equator would be 225 K or so. Note that the temperature at the depth d corresponds to 255 K or so (see Fig. 4 of Vasavada et al.). If we calculate this surface temperature without the ground heat flux, the surface temperature at the Moon’s equator between 6 and 18 Moon hours would be equal to zero. In such a case the averaged surface temperature for the moon’s equator would be 165 K or so. This means that – due to the heat reservoir – we have a 60 K higher averaged surface temperature at the Moon’s equator if the ground heat flux is considered. I estimated the Moon’s averaged surface temperature on the basis of an approximate formula elementary derived and found a value of nearly 200 K +/- 10 K. This is close to the observed value of Monstein (2001). For the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere the averaged surface temperature would be similar. It is clear that this averaged surface temperature is comparable with the {T} = 288 K. This means that the difference of DT = 33 K is a senseless house number. on January 10, 2012 at 8:55 pm DeWitt Payne And that’s one of the major straw man arguments in G&T. 144 K only applies if the heat capacity of the surface is zero or the planet doesn’t rotate or transfer energy from one hemisphere to the other so the unilluminated side has the temperature of the CMB, 2.72 K. But neither is true. The surface of the planet has a very large heat capacity, especially the part covered by the ocean, and it rotates once every 24 hours. The diurnal temperature variation of the sea surface is on the order of tenths of a degree. You still have latitudinal temperature variation, but even then in the depths of winter, the lowest temperature on the Antarctic Plateau at the Vostok station was -89.2 C or 184 K. It’s a little hard to imagine that the average temperature of the planet could be 144 K even with an IR transparent atmosphere, which is pretty much the case for the Antarctic in the winter, when the lowest recorded temperature is for a small area of the planet is much higher than that. For any real surface, the average temperature would be greater than 144 K. The Earth’s moon, on the other hand, does behave more like the G&T example because the surface has a low heat capacity and has a solar day 28 times as long. Even then, the lunar surface doesn’t approach the CMB temperature except possibly for deep craters at the poles that are permanently in shadow. The Diviner mission mapping the temperature and the emissivity spectrum of the lunar surface (which is related to lunar geology, thus the name Diviner) has measured temperatures at the lunar south pole at maximum solar exposure as low as 25 K. Gerhard Kramm says “Gerlich & Tscheuschner also mentioned that the ground heat flux has to be taken into account. ” “And that’s one of the major straw man arguments in G&T. 144 K only applies if the heat capacity of the surface is zero” Surely if then, as G&T suggest, you add the ground heat flux you will get more realistic temperatures Then why didn’t they calculate that rather than publishing a number that is much less relevant to the Earth with its atmosphere and oceans than the superconducting surface number of 255 K? The latitudinal emission profile of emission to space is even flatter than the surface, btw. It really doesn’t take much latitudinal heat transfer to make the temperature profile flat enough such that there is only a couple of degrees difference between the limit of superconductivity and the actual average temperature. DeWitt Payne asks …”Then why didn’t they..(G&T).. calculate that rather than publishing a number that is much less relevant to the Earth .”.. G&T produced a falsification paper dealing with various popular versions of the CO2 driven greenhouse effect. It was never their intention to supply their own climate model. Kramm &Dlugi have moved things along with equation 2.17. The real explanation of how our climate functions is to identify the various storage mechanisms within an oscillating system. Given storage, their can be larger energy flows within the Earth/atmosphere system than the solar supply and long wave emission would suggest. Fig 11 page 962 shows just such a plausible system. on January 10, 2012 at 8:07 pm \| Reply Leonard Weinstein Science of Doom, The basic point of those people that state back radiation cannot heat the ground are correct if the net average global temperature values, rather than locally varying locations, are considered. There are local atmospheric lapse rates lower than the adiabatic lapse rates, and even some with reversed signs, but when average ground and atmospheric temperature values are considered, average heat transfer is from the ground to the atmosphere and space, since, on the average, the atmospheric temperature above the ground is lower than the average ground temperature. It is also true that HEAT TRANSFER cannot go from a cooler body (via radiation, conduction, or convection) to a warmer body without violating the second law. That does not mean some energy (radiation) can’t go from the colder to warmer body, only that the NET radiation has to be from warmer to colder. In that case, back radiation is not heating the ground. The increase in ground radiation and back radiation in the presence of greenhouse gases is a RESULT of the greenhouse gas effect, not a cause of the ground heating. The ground heats only because the greenhouse gas raises the elevation of outgoing radiation, and the lapse rate due to a sufficiently mixed atmosphere does the rest. I am sure that the confusion has two sources. The first is as I stated, that local variations could have the atmosphere heating the ground (actually by conduction, convection and back radiation) if the air above the ground is warmer than the ground. This is possible locally, but not on average. The second is clearly the confusion between energy transfer (which can be by-directional with radiation), and heat transfer, which is always hot to cold. I am sure the people that keep using the second law argument are referring to the average values, and if not, should. on January 11, 2012 at 8:13 pm \| Reply Utahn Interesting…I’m afraid I’m still not clear on this and perhaps you or SoD could point me to a post that would be more likely to help me(it’s been awhile since I read most SoD posts). One analogy I saw recently was courtesy of a Mr.Cotton, who is apparently happy to spam websites with his views (and threaten libel when his views are criticized), but doesn’t allow comments on his site. Mr.Cotton gave what I thought of as an incomplete view of ground to atmospheric to space radiation- dropping billiard balls onto a slightly tilted billiards table with the end railing removed. In my interpretation of his view the balls may bounce around but eventually all must leave at some point, so no temperature rise or heat gain could be gained by the “bouncing around”. I thought this could be made closer to correct by having several short bumpers at the open end of the table. As some continuous rate of billiard balls is dropped onto the table (short wave radiation reaching the ground), adding more bumpers will cause more to remain on the table at anyone time (i.e. heat accumulating as longwave radiation is not leaving the system as fast as otherwise would have occurred in the absence of the bumpers), while presumably a new equilibrium might be reached to allow pool balls in to equal pool balls out. In this still incomplete analogy the balls interact with the bumpers and bounce back, as long wave radiation may interact with the atmosphere and be radiated downards some of the time. The balls bouncing back are “building up” on the table, so the backradiation in this analogy would be the source of increasing temperature, as it is radiation that would otherwise have left, but was “bounced” back by interacting with the atmosphere and being reradiated. So is the backradiation the same thing as saying “the radiation that would otherwise have left to space but didn’t and therefore is still around, thereby raising the temperature more than would otherwise have occurred”? If so, I’m not sure why you couldn’t be correct by saying the backradiation is the source of the extra radiation that raises the temperature…A related question would be, by what mechanism does having a higher,colder radiating layer cause increased temperature, if not because it is preventing radiation from leaving as effectively (and it can only prevent radiation from leaving as effectively by interacting and backradiating some of it)? Sorry if I’m not very precise in my terminology (liberal arts major), but pointers and guidance would be appreciated… I need to add that my points do not make me agree that greenhouse gases do not result in ground heating. They do. It is the back-radiation arguments that is used as cause of increase that is wrong. Leonard: What you may really be saying is that the existence of a greenhouse effect depends on your definition of the term “greenhouse effect”. If the greenhouse effect refers to warming of the surface by DLR from GHG, the greenhouse effect probably can’t operate at locations where the local lapse rate is convectively unstable – any increase in DLR will result in a corresponding increase in convection and no temperature rise. Since the planet’s surface as a whole receives more energy by radiation (SWR+DLR) than it can emit to space – making the whole system convectively unstable – this may limit warming globally. When the weather (and diurnal and seasonal cycles) create cooler areas with shallow lapse rates, there is an opportunity for DLR to warm the surface. However, if the mean global lapse is on the threshold of instability, the heat not present in cool areas must be found in – and then convectively lost from – warm areas that are unstable. If one uses Ramanathan’s definition of the greenhouse effect (surface OLR minus TOA OLR), observations show that the greenhouse effect exists. However, this “greenhouse effect” exists because the most of the radiation emitted to space originates high in the atmosphere, which is much colder than the surface. DLR arriving at the surface (mostly emitted from GHGs below 1 km) arguably has nothing to do with the temperature difference between the surface and critical emission level; textbooks show that this difference is controlled by the lapse rate. If one defines the “greenhouse effect” to be the mechanism by which increasing GHGs high in the atmosphere force the characteristic emission level to rise (so that the planet can maintain radiative equilibrium), then the surface will warm IF the lapse rate remains the same (or decreases). Since no one appears to use the term “greenhouse effect” to refer to this mechanism of GHG-mediated warming, why is the term greenhouse effect still used? on January 14, 2012 at 4:36 pm Leonard Weinstein Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Both sides of the argument generally stated miss the basic point of an atmospheric greenhouse gas causing a higher ground temperature. In order to understand what is occurring, you first have to understand the cause of the atmospheric lapse rate. This has been explained often and well, including on wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse_rate Please read that before proceeding. Solar energy is the source of energy input to the Earth surface and atmosphere (with a very small added effect from underground radiation heating of the Earth, but this is ignored here). When sunlight is absorbed on the Earth, this short wave radiation heats the Earth (oceans, ground and atmosphere). The warmed Earth radiates nearly as a black body at longer wavelengths. If the temperature average is long term constant, the average outgoing long wave thermal radiation energy has to match the absorbed solar incoming energy. If the temperature is increasing or decreasing, there has to be storage or release from water, ground, and atmosphere, but the levels of this unbalance (if any) is significantly smaller than the atmospheric greenhouse effects for the cases examined here, so will be ignored in the present write-up. Most of the energy from the warmed Earth is not transported directly from the ground and oceans to space by radiation. If the ground and oceans radiated directly to space, the average amount of ground level radiation to space would have to match the average solar input, and this would determine some average ground temperature. This is where the atmospheric greenhouse effect comes in. Since the Earth’s atmosphere does contain absorbing (and radiating) gases at the thermal optical wavelengths, there is considerable absorption and re-radiation throughout the atmosphere. In addition, atmospheric convective heat transfer from ground level and convective transport of evaporated water carry most of this energy from the ground up to the higher atmosphere, and condensing water vapor also releases the latent heat of the water vapor also at higher altitudes. The presence of the absorbing gases (and aerosols and water droplets) reduces the net surface radiation heat transfer rate out over the no greenhouse case. The absorption by and radiation from these gases and particles, combined with atmospheric convection, carry the absorbed solar energy (from the surface and directly absorbed by the atmosphere) to a range of altitudes where radiation to space finely occurs. The net average outgoing radiation to space has to match the net absorbed solar radiation if average surface temperature is not changing much. If the average of the locations of outgoing radiation to space is used as a reference single location for black body radiation to space, the S-B relation can determine an effective temperature for this average effective altitude, and this effective temperature has to be the same as the average surface for the case of no greenhouse gas, but with the surface albedo was the same. We thus raised the altitude of the location of the S-B evaluated temperature. We now go back to the adiabatic lapse rate, which is a GRADIENT, not a level of temperature. By forcing the value of temperature on a single level of the atmosphere, and using the adiabatic lapse rate to calculate the ground temperature, we have found the cause of increased ground temperature. It is the adiabatic lapse rate CONBINED with the increased elevation of outgoing radiation. That is all there is to the process. Back radiation is not a cause of the increased temperature; it is a result of the process. Net radiation is always from warm to cool, so back radiation cannot transfer HEAT from cooler to warmer, even though radiation can go both ways. It is the net energy transfer that is only important. While it is true that the lapse rate is not always the adiabatic lapse rate, and the ground can actually be cooler than the atmosphere (at night), I am only referring to the global average values, where the ground level is warmer. on January 14, 2012 at 9:53 pm Frank Leonard and SOD: I agree with Leonard’s outline of why GHG’s must warm the earth, which is also used elsewhere by SOD. So why does the IPCC (AR4 FAQ 1.3, for example) and sometimes SOD persist backing the traditional greenhouse effect. Although DLR exists, the traditional greenhouse effect certainly can’t warm the surface where the lapse rate is unstable (an objection that might apply to the planet as a whole). It is plagued by hairsplitting between the colder atmosphere “warming” vs “transfers heat to” the surface; the latter violating the 2LoT. It’s all so unnecessary. on January 14, 2012 at 10:20 pm DeWitt Payne Leonard, That’s one explanation of why there’s a greenhouse effect, but it does nothing to quantify it, as the effective altitude of emission is a mathematical construct that probably contains less information than the global average surface temperature and is not directly measurable. DLR, on the other hand, is necessary for constructing a surface energy balance and, even more importantly, it is directly measurable both as a total quantity and as an emission spectrum. It is a direct consequence of the concentration and vertical distribution of greenhouse gases, temperature and pressure. There would be no DLR in a perfectly transparent atmosphere. There would be a lapse rate. on January 14, 2012 at 11:23 pm scienceofdoom Leonard Weinstein, I agree 100% with your description & explanation (re January 14, 2012 at 4:36 pm). Also, adding ghg’s doesn’t change the surface energy balance much at all initially. It does create an energy imbalance in the atmosphere. With less energy being radiated to space than is being absorbed, the atmosphere warms. That causes an energy imbalance at the surface with more energy being absorbed than radiated. Then the surface warms to correct that imbalance. That’s also why the kinetics are slow. It takes a long time to warm the upper ocean. The term “greenhouse effect” is perfectly valid because what you’ve done is reduce the effective emissivity of the atmosphere. Replacing IR transparent windows on a greenhouse with IR opaque windows means a greenhouse radiates less energy. To restore the balance, the greenhouse must warm until thermal losses through the walls and increased radiation and thermal loss from the warmer windows restores balance. I can see exactly this effect with my experiments. A box with a glass window is warmer inside by at least 20 C than a box with a polyethylene film window. But when I point an IR thermometer at the windows of each box, the radiative temperature of the box with the glass window is a good 20 C lower than the box with the polyethylene film window. If the walls and windows were perfectly insulated, the radiative temperature would be the same for both boxes, but the box with the glass window would be even warmer because now the glass window would be at the same temperature as the bottom surface of the box with the polyethylene film window. The precise details in the atmosphere are different, but the principle is the same. Don’t think that a small change in the lapse rate would prevent surface warming either. Increasing the temperature at the tropopause by 1 C while keeping the surface temperature fixed will not cause the radiation to space to increase anywhere near as much as an increase of temperature of 1 C at the surface. on January 15, 2012 at 5:33 am Utahn Leonard Weinstein: “By forcing the value of temperature on a single level of the atmosphere, and using the adiabatic lapse rate to calculate the ground temperature, we have found the cause of increased ground temperature.” But isn’t the mechanism of the increased altitude of the “radiating to space layer” the increased absorption and backradiation of the GHGs? And isn’t the actual cause of the increased temperature the increased amount of radiation still hanging around due to backradiation? At the least it seems like two sides of the same coin, and not incorrect to also say that the backradiation is leading to higher temps than would otherwise be observed. Or am I missing the mechanism? And to continue to pummel the deceased equine: In an horticultural greenhouse (or the Wood experiment) there is a temperature gradient between the inner surface of the greenhouse and the window when exposed to direct sunlight. By decreasing the IR transparency of the window, one effectively moves the height of emission from the inner surface toward the window and increases the temperature of the inner surface. So I ask again: Why do you think the name ‘greenhouse effect’ is inappropriate to describe the atmosphere? on January 10, 2012 at 10:10 pm \| Reply Gerhard Kramm This is not a straw man argument. Obviously, you are not familiar with the determination of the temperature of a surface element. Equation (2.17) of Kramm & Dlugi (2011) describes the energy flux scheme that is customarily solved in any state-of-the-art numerical model of the atmosphere to obtain the surface temperature of bare soil. The temperature obtained is, of course, only valid for the local scale. Since the solar insolation depends on latitude the predicted temperature depends on latitude, too. If vegetation covered the surface it is, by far, more complex, but there are several numerical modules to handle it. I already developed such a module during the eighties of the past century. If the Earth has no atmosphere the fluxes of sensible and latent heat and the down-welling infrared radiation can be ignored in this Eq. (2.17). This means that the temperature of the surface element is determined in a similar manner. Vasavada et al. (1999), for instance, did it for Mercury and Moon. If the averaged surface temperature for the Moon’s equator is of about 225 K, the corresponding temperatures for negative and positive latitudes are lower. The speed of rotation plays no role if the storing and releasing of heat is ignored. The depth of Moon’s layer penetrating by heat during its daytime may differ from that of the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere, but this is not a big problem. One can handle it because the physical processes of heat conduction in porous media does not depend on Earth days. Horizontal transport of heat within the soil is rather inefficient so that it plays no notable role. The formula for the temperature T_e of the radiative equilibrium for the Earth having no atmosphere reads T_e = ((1 – a) S/(4 eps sigma))^0.25 Here, S is the solar constant, eps is the planetary emissivity, a the planetary albedo, and sigma is Stefan’s constant. This formula documents that no effect of heat storage is considered. It is used for the Earth, but also for the Venus (see Pierrehumbert, 2011). In case of Venus the speed of rotation amounts to 116 Earth days. This means that the Moon has a much faster speed of rotation than the Venus. Do you believe that in case of the Earth having no atmosphere oceans could exist? From a physical point of view this is very unlikely. Exactly, no effect of heat storage is considered. Because that formula applies only to a superconducting sphere. But no real surface has a heat capacity of zero or is a superconductor. Heat will diffuse into the surface when it is exposed to sunlight and diffuse back out again when it isn’t. For a rotating body, that means the average temperature will never be as low as 144 K. Nor will it be 255 K assuming an emissivity of 1 and an albedo of 0.3. Suppose instead of a rock and soil surface, we had a nickel/iron sphere with an albedo of 0.3 and a thermal emissivity close to 1. Would that sphere have an average temperature of 144 K? Not hardly, especially if it were rotating at any reasonable rate. It must read: “In case of Venus the speed of rotation amounts to 116 Earth days per rotation.” The planetary rotation rate of Venus is irrelevant considering the cloud layer rotates at a much more rapid rate. As a result of the turbulent mixing this causes, the surface temperature is nearly constant over the whole planet. on January 11, 2012 at 12:57 am Gerhard Kramm in case of the Venus in the absence of its atmosphere as considered by Pierrehumbert (2011) there would be no clouds. on January 11, 2012 at 12:33 am \| Reply Gerhard Kramm for the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere I calculated a globally averaged surface temperature of nearly 190 K +/- 10 K. However, the result depends on the albedo. This quantity is not known. A planetary albedo of 0.3 is only valid for the entire Earth-atmosphere system. Nevertheless, the 255 K are completely irrelevant. I keep forgetting to copy long posts in case they somehow get lost. I’ll try again. The temperature of 255 K is not irrelevant at all. In fact it’s very close to the effective temperature of the Earth as observed from space. Air and water circulation move energy from the equator to the poles. As a result, the the polar regions emit more radiation than they receive from solar radiation and the tropics emit less. (See graph. Note the data are re-plotted from Grant Petty as a function of sine (latitude) to make the result more proportional to surface area) This makes the effective emission temperature to space greater than 240K over 95% of the surface area (see graph). And that makes the average effective temperature very close to the isothermal maximum. But the surface temperature is a lot higher than 255K. Something makes this happen. A change in radiative transfer from the surface to higher altitude because of absorption of radiation causes the effective emission altitude to be higher than the surface for most wavelengths for most of the planet. That’s much higher for the CO2 band. It’s colder at higher altitude so there is less emission than at the surface. Radiative and convective energy transfer explain with good precision and accuracy the observed features of the atmosphere, especially including IR emission spectra of the atmosphere observed from the surface and high altitude. I have my own questions for you concerning the G&T paper: 1. Do you believe that energy balance diagrams such as in TFK2009 are scientific misconduct since they do not properly represent the mathematical and physical fundamentals. G&T section 3.7.2 2. Do you believe that G&T are correct in 3.5.5 when they state: This assumption of Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium (LTE) is ruled out by many scientists even for the extremely hot atmospheres of stars. The reader is referred to Chandrasekhar’s classical book on radiative transfer [93]. LTE does only bear a certain signicance for the radiation transport calculations, if the absorption coefficients were not dependent on the temperature, which is not the case at low temperatures. Nevertheless, in modern climate model computations, this approach is used unscrupulously [91]. How then is it possible that the assumption of LTE is used to accurately calculate molecular gas emission spectra every day? 3. Do you believe that G&T’s invocation of MHD theory in 4.2.1 for planetary atmospheres is valid? It has absolutely nothing to do with absorption and emission of radiation at normal atmospheric temperatures. 4. Do you believe that Wood’s results in 1909 are correct in spite of their nearly immediate rebuttal by Charles Greeley Abbot and their failure to be replicated recently, most notably by Stanford Professor Emeritus Vaughan Pratt? That casts a lot of doubt over the entire Section 2 of G&T, not to mention the rest of the paper. I could go on, but I’ll stop there. The first line should read ‘…the average effective temperature…’. Obviously the total radiated power divided by the total radiating area, i.e. Teff for the planet will be the same value regardless of the latitudinal temperature distribution. But averaging the latitudinal temperatures corrected for surface area must be lower for a non-isothermal sphere. That’s Hölder’s Inequality. If I average the emitted power by latitude plotted in the first graph I get 237.66 W/m2 which corresponds to a temperature of 254.44K. If I average the effective temperature at each latitude as plotted in the second graph linked above corrected for surface area I get 254.12K. These numbers were more or less eyeballed off a graph in Petty. Specifically this one: Petty Figure 1.1 DeWitt, for some reason your original comment got trapped in the spam queue, no idea why. It looks very similar to this but I can resurrect it for you if you like. on January 12, 2012 at 9:15 am Bryan “The temperature of 255 K is not irrelevant at all. In fact it’s very close to the effective temperature of the Earth as observed from space.” Agreed and this is confirmed by a SB calculation based on an Earth/Atmosphere system with an albedo of 0.3. If however we indulge in speculations like; 1. Same Earth system except CO2 and H2O don’t radiate in the IR 2. Same Earth system but no Oceans 3. Same Earth system except no atmosphere We would get different values for the system emissivity and therefore the value of 255 K is not unique. So the greenhouse effect value of 33K is as G&T say a ‘meaningless number, wrongly calculated’ .DeWitt Payne says …..”Do you believe that Wood’s results in 1909 are correct in spite of their nearly immediate rebuttal by Charles Greeley Abbot and their failure to be replicated recently, most notably by Stanford Professor Emeritus Vaughan Pratt?”…. It should be noted that Vaughan Pratt has no background in experimental physics and no longer defends the experiment quoted. Instead he is working on a new version. De Witt is working on his own version of Woods experiment . It will be a startling confirmation of the IPCC version of Climate Science if DeWitt’s experiment shows a 33K difference in the two boxes. I think the second one is close enough to the first. Don’t bother resurrecting the first one. This is basically a middle school science fair project level experiment. Nasif Nahle doesn’t have a background in experimental physics either. He’s a biologist by training, I think. Even you could do it. But you won’t because you might find out that we’re right and you’re wrong and that would ruin your day big time. How do you know Vaughan Pratt doesn’t defend his results? It wasn’t a blog post with a comment thread. It’s a web page. I’ve had personal correspondence with him discussing some details he didn’t post, like the condensation problem, and he certainly hasn’t disavowed the results. I think he did make a mistake or two in his explanation of heat transfer through the windows, but it has no effect on his results. What he’s working on is to use actual NaCl windows to see if he can determine why Wood went wrong. But the available NaCl windows are small diameter so the experimental details are trickier. Plus he’s got other more important things to do. He had a presentation at the Fall, 2011 AGU meeting, for example. on January 11, 2012 at 6:35 am \| Reply gallopingcamel People who believe that CO2 is a major driver of the Earth’s climate have given us many models that are supposed to explain what happened in the past and predict what will happen in the future, The IPCC has adopted at least a dozen of these models to prepare a composite prediction of global temperatures up to the year 2100. In climate science there is a touching faith in the strength of numbers. Apparently, all you need to prove anything is a large enough number of climate scientists, a large enough set of models or a large enough collection of temperature proxies. My contention is that it is not quantity that matters but quality A baker’s dozen of climate models approved by the IPCC may be worthless compared to a single model that does a better job of explaining observations. Here is a paper by someone who still believes that hard science may save us from the squishy science of the IPCC and Penn State’s Wizards of Climate. It makes me proud to know that this scientist works at the Duke University Free Electron Laser Laboratory that this aged camel helped to build. http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/reprint/astronomical_harmonics_testing.html Scafetta has thrown down the gauntlet to the IPCC with its CO2 obsession. His model is clearly superior to the IPCC’s models in backcasting. It diverges sharply from the IPCC’s model with regard to forecasting. The divergence is so great that we won’t have to wait long to know which model is closest to reality. My money is on Scafetta who may finally slay the CO2 dragon and lead us back to rational energy policies. gallopingcamel, Please can you explain what relevance your comment has to this article. If it doesn’t no further comment on your part is necessary. on January 11, 2012 at 2:30 pm gallopingcamel The post was about opposing approaches to quantifying the “Greenhouse Effect” on this planet. Please note that 18 months ago I participated in an interesting debate on your fine blog when the subject was the planet Venus. I greatly appreciated the insights that you, Leonard Weinstein and DeWitt Payne provided. It seemed highly relevant to cite a paper with a alternative hypothesis involving natural forcings that may overwhelm whatever effect CO2 has on global climate. Your comment seems to suggest that you are trending towards the Joe Romm or John Cook style of moderation that will not tolerate contrary opinions even if they are backed up by peer reviewed publications. If so, “no further comment on my part is necessary”. on January 11, 2012 at 8:50 pm scienceofdoom I hate to be critical of courteous commenters like yourself. However, I do sometimes try to keep discussions somewhat related to the article. It is a policy very inconsistently applied. It seems that comments about i) GCM accuracy and ii) the last 10,20,30 years of temperature history can be liberally sprinkled onto every article I write with vague relevance. Yet they add little to most specific discussions. This article is about whether the “greenhouse” effect exists and specifically whether Kramm & Dlugi have demonstrated it, and what exactly they have demonstrated. 10,000 papers about effects on climate or not of incremental effects of CO2 don’t appear to me to assist with this discussion. I have no intention of trending towards “..not tolerating contrary opinions even if they are backed up by peer reviewed publications.” and my apologies if I seemed to imply that. evn though I completely disagree with various comments on the paper of Kramm & Dlugi (2011), I still like the discussion here. on January 11, 2012 at 10:47 pm \| Reply DeWitt Payne But Scaffetta does not deny that increasing CO2 levels would cause some warming or that there isn’t a greenhouse effect at all. I believe that classifies him as a lukewarmer. Although some lukewarmers would throw him out of the tent because the lower end of his range of climate sensitivity is too far below the IPCC lower limit of 1 C/CO2 doubling. But it’s still greater than zero. Gerhard Kramm on January 10, 2012 at 7:18 pm: .. As documented by Gerlich & Tscheuschner (2009) and Kramm & Dlugi (2011) there are many different definitions of the atmospheric greenhouse effect. This is already a bad indication. Most of them are rather inappropriate. They even do not define what usually is called an effect.. All of which is very interesting and as I said in the article, apart from the conclusion I don’t disagree with the serious points in your paper. I also like to have a dig at people for sloppy definitions and a little satire goes a long way in getting me through the day. I especially liked your Planck joke on Lacis et al and I’m sure they appreciated it as well.. But I can’t see how your conclusion: ..energy-flux budgets for the Earth atmosphere system do not provide tangible evidence that the atmospheric greenhouse effect does exist. Because of this lack of tangible evidence it is time to acknowledge that the atmospheric greenhouse effect and especially its climatic impact are based on meritless conjectures. – follows given that you understand radiative physics. In fact, I was inspired by your conclusion to write a new article: The Rotational Effect. I’m sure the point will be clear. My question to you – given that: – a) the outgoing spectra of the earth’s radiation is clearly affected by, and the outgoing flux is reduced by, the radiatively-active trace gases – b) the atmospheric flux at the earth’s surface is clearly emitted from radiatively-active gases and is mostly absorbed, so must affect the surface energy balance Surely you believe there is a “greenhouse” effect, however inappropriately named? – Perhaps you would like to argue that the “no greenhouse” effect is impossible to quantify. – Perhaps you would like to argue its value cannot be easily quantified. – Perhaps you would like to argue that its current value requires some serious calculation of surface longwave emissivity and a redoing of the Trenberth, Fasullo & Kiehl (2008) calculation of upward emission of thermal radiation. These may all be valid points, but surely, as you understand the spectra of OLR and DLR and the radiative transfer equations you cannot say there is no effect of these trace gases? Some clarification would be very much appreciated. 240 W/m2 times 5.1E14 m2 = 122.4E15 W or 122.4 PW. The largest energy transfer I know of is the meridional transfer which peaks at 5 PW seasonally about latitude 40 N or S with the phases in the opposition in the two hemispheres. That involves massive circulation of air and water. I think we would have noticed if there were larger cycles than this. The last thing I want to do is to lower the quality of discussion on this site. If I have drifted “Off Topic” then I apologise and request that a thread be started for evaluating the predictions of models or mathematical analyses versus observations, Has there been any discussion of Nikolov & Zeller on this blog? They seem to think that when it comes to calculating the size of a “Greenhouse Effect” the mass of a planet’s atmosphere is more important than the chemical composition. Whether you agree or disagree it appears to be a testable hypothesis. Folks like Scafetta (ACRIM satellite) and Kirkby (the CLOUD experiment) work with hard science. It would not be fair to label either of them warmist, lukewarmist or —-er [Unfortunate moderator’s note on labels etc, see Etiquette]. They will go with whatever their measurements show. I would like to see many more like them studying climate related issues. on January 12, 2012 at 8:28 pm \| Reply scienceofdoom gallopingcamel: There have been articles about models, the last one in that series was Models, On – and Off – the Catwalk – Part Three– an introductory look at chaos in climate. Now that we have the “recent comments” pane down the right hand side it is easy for people to restart discussion because other readers will see that a new comment has been made. Has there been any discussion of Nikolov & Zeller on this blog? Not that I have noticed and I haven’t read their paper. So because of your comment I found the paper and started reading it. I have reached page 5 and it’s so bad that I wonder whether it is worth finishing it let alone writing an article about it. But I can see why it will be a popular paper. on January 13, 2012 at 3:57 am gallopingcamel It was just a poster but their calculated surface temperatures for several planets and moons are in good agreement with observations. For the full text: http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/12/29/unified-theory-of-climate/ 255 K is the upper limit for an isothermal sphere with an emissivity of 1 receiving an average of 240 W/m2. Hölder’s Inequality requires this Limiting cases are often used to compare to the properties of objects in the real world even if the conditions, such as being isothermal and having unit emissivity, are not possible for a real world object. Other limiting conditions are also useful. For example, the average temperature for a rotating sphere with unit emissivity with infinite surface heat capacity and zero thermal conductivity so it’s isothermal at each latitude, assuming the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the orbital plane, but the temperature decreases as you move away from the equator, is 252K. The latitudinal temperature profile is far steeper than the Earth with the poles at 2.72 K. But even then, it’s only 3 K less than the average for an isothermal sphere. Since 70% of the planet is covered by water which has a very high heat capacity, the diurnal temperature variation isn’t really all that much. So a sphere with the thermal characteristics of the Earth (This is a thought experiment. Please don’t raise the objection that there is no such animal in the real world.) but with a perfectly transparent atmosphere would have an average temperature even closer to 255 K. If you reduce the emissivity, the temperature goes up. According to TFK2009, 184 W/m2 of sunlight reaches the Earth’s surface and 23 W/m2 is reflected. That’s an absorptivity of 0.875. If we assume that’s also the average emissivity in the thermal IR for the surface, which is pretty much a worst case assumption, the isothermal sphere temperature goes up to 264K. That’s still way less than the actual average surface temperature. In fact, to get a surface temperature of 288K with emissivity alone requires that the emissivity be less than 0.62. Considering that 70% of the planet is covered by water with an emissivity greater than 0.9, the rest of the planet would have to have a negative emissivity to get down to 0.62. Moving heat around won’t get you there. The upper limit is still an isothermal sphere. on January 12, 2012 at 6:09 pm \| Reply Bryan DeWitt Payne you say ….”255 K is the upper limit for an isothermal sphere with an emissivity of 1 receiving an average of 240 W/m2.”…. This is due to an emissivity of 0.3 …..”If you reduce the emissivity, the temperature goes up. According to TFK2009, 184 W/m2 of sunlight reaches the Earth’s surface and 23 W/m2 is reflected. That’s an absorptivity of 0.875. If we assume that’s also the average emissivity in the thermal IR for the surface, which is pretty much a worst case assumption,”…….. Well for the new surface arriving solar IR (previously cloud/atmosphere absorbed) the absorptivity of would be almost unity, implying an even higher temperature. However folk can have a grow up discussion about a realistic temperature if the GHE were not there. What seems to me irrational is the insistence that without the GHE the average surface temperature would drop by 33K. Is it possible that other means of energy storage in an oscillating system such as shown in fig 11 Kramm & Dlugi could make a contribution/ This is due to an albedo of 0.3 Bryan: One can fairly assert that there are serious problems with all attempts to calculate what the earth would be like without GHGs and that comparison between the real world and that any world calculate with paper and pencil will be problematic. However, Lacis et al published a paper in Science using an AOGCM to predict what would happen if all of the CO2 (not even all of the GHG’s) were removed from the atmosphere. This model has rotation, oceans, clouds, realistic surface temperatures, surface heat capacity, radiative transfer, convection, etc – everything one would want in a no-GHG model (except this was no-CO2). The AOGCM produces an earth without CO2 that is 35 degK colder AND a reasonable version of the current earth. There are justifiable concerns about whether an AOGCM can calculate the warming expected for 2XCO2 with the accuracy needed to advise society about future climate change, but there is no doubt that removing all CO2 will produce a large reduction in temperature and that removing all GHGs will produce a bigger decrease. The methodology behind -33 degK figure can be ridiculed, but IMO the magnitude and sign of the change are perfectly sensible. Further argument about the limitations of various no-GHG models therefore appear pointless. Summary of Lacis paper and link to pdf for full article : http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/lacis_01/ …..”This is basically a middle school science fair project level experiment. Nasif Nahle doesn’t have a background in experimental physics either. He’s a biologist by training, I think. Even you could do it. But you won’t because you might find out that we’re right and you’re wrong and that would ruin your day big time.”…… I’m sure you will produce a better report on the Wood experiment than Vaughan. However the smart money will still be on Wood often described as the best experimental physicist that America ever produced. On seeing your final report I will try to replicate your results. on January 13, 2012 at 4:18 am \| Reply DeWitt Payne Wood never gave the dimensions of his boxes, nor how much cotton he used to insulate the walls of the boxes. There’s even ambiguity about the exact configuration of the glass and rock salt windows. He may have been a great experimental physicist, but this was not one of his better efforts.Charles Greeley Abbot didn’t believe Wood was correct. Samuel Pierpont Langley was looking for an assistant at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and hired Abbot in 1895 because of his skill at laboratory work, despite his lack of experience in astronomy. Your faith in the correctness of Wood’s results is touching, but misplaced. It’s also clearly confirmation bias. Wood managed to screw up a middle school science fair level experiment. Deal with it. on January 19, 2012 at 1:06 am \| Reply John Millett Leonard Weinstein If raising the effective radiating altitude were to warm the surface via the lapse rate, it could do so only by changing the lapse rate? Tz = Ts – zr z is altitude, r is constant lapse rate -delta Tz = delta Ts – deltazr delta Ts = deltazr – delta Tz = 0 This might be an opportune time to ask whether Prevost’s 1792 theory of radiative exchange has been experimentally demonstrated. The 1960’s vintage text “Principles of Modern Physics”, generally replete with descriptions of such demonstrations, in Prevost’s case merely notes that the theory “asserts” etc. If there has been any advance since then, SOD would surely have brought our attention to it. At the time, accepting the theory on trust avoided the question: How do bodies, with no means of communication between them, know when to radiate and when not to – specifically, what would cause radiation to cease at thermal equilibrium? But bodies are never separated by nothingness. They are always surrounded by an electromagnetic field comprising waves of different amplitudes and frequencies. Radiation is triggered by interaction between these waves and the body’s surface atoms. It seems entirely plausible that some interactions might constitute a trigger and others might not. on January 21, 2012 at 12:43 am \| Reply Andrejs Vanags I dont understand the stated problem with the Goody figure (top panel), the y axes indicates ‘nomalized’.If the blackbody Bgamma (spectral irradiance) are plotted versus the log of gamma (wavelength) and are normalized to the peaks, then thats what you get. The normalized peak values are 1.0. The actual peaks ratio by (Tsun/Tearth)^5 or (5780/300)^5 and correspond to the values in the Bgamma formula at the wavelengths by the Wein displacement law, or gamma max=b/T where b=2.8977685e-3 mK. The two normalized curves are identical and only shifted in the x axis At least I dont think there is a problem with the top graph, Goody is still tops. Andrejs Vanags: I think this graph is more like reality: Note that it is just one possible sample of absorbed solar radiation at one azimuth angle and one climate albedo. The important point is that the graph shows energy per unit wavelength. Look back at Goody’s graph – the solar radiance is across just 4 μm, while the terrestrial radiance is across almost 100 μm. So if you do a rough estimate and multiply the peak by the width the absorbed solar radiation is (very approximately) 25x lower in value than the emitted terrestrial radiation. But it should be equal in value. It just looks the same because to the eye the areas are the same. Our eyes are not attuned to equating areas on logarithmic graphs. Andrejs, frequency is better than wavelength for such things because photon energy is linearly proportional to it whereas it is inversely proportional to wavelength. But Eli has a question of Bryan and Gerhard. What do you think heat is and how do you distinguish it from other forms of energy? on February 15, 2012 at 5:15 am \| Reply raypierre Anyone willing to learn a little Python can download and experiment with my various homebrew radiative convective models to address questions raised here. Just go to PlanetaryClimateBook.org . For that matter, most of the issues that have come under discussion in this thread are resolved in one place or another in my book, Principles of Planetary Climate. It’s not exactly light reading but a lot easier to get through, I think, than Goody and Yung. The main issue that comes up if you remove all greenhouse gases from the Earth’s atmosphere (but leave the N2 and O2 behind so as to keep atmospheric heat transport pretty efficient) is that the oceans would freeze, leading to additional cooling from increase of surface albedo. And even then, you’d have clouds in the atmosphere which would still have a significant greenhouse effect. So, if you’re thinking about thought experiments removing the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, you also have to put a lot of thought into just what experiment you want to do, what you want to do about oceans and ice, and just what it is you hope to illustrate with the thought experiment. I think the most relevant experiment for illuminating Earth climate is the one Aiko Voight did (rediscovered by Lacis et al, who were ignorant of the prior work) — take out the CO2 from the atmosphere, and you wind up in a globally glaciated Snowball. People interested in observations that demonstrate the clear physical reality of the greenhouse effect, as revealed in actual observed top-of-atmosphere spectra, might be interested in my Physics Today article, “Infrared Radiation and Planetary Temperature.” There is a public-access copy on the Publications section of geosci.uchicago.edu/~rtp1 . on February 15, 2012 at 5:21 pm \| Reply Gerhard Kramm Dear Dr. Pierrehumbert, Let us consider an atmosphere completely transparent in the IR-range. This means that the IR radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface (i.e., terrestrial radiation) is not affected by so-called greenhouse gases by assuming that no absorption/emission bands exist in the IR range. Thus, there is no down-welling IR radiation. Then, we would have: Top of the atmosphere: (1 – a_E) S/4 – L_u = 0 (1) Earth’s surface: (1 – a_E – A_a) S/4 – H – E – L_u = 0 (2) Here, S is the solar constant, a_E is the albedo of the Earth-atmosphere system in the solar range, L_u is the terrestrial radiation, A_a S/4 is the solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere, where A_a ist the respective absorption coefficient, H and E are the fluxes of sensible and latent heat, respectively. All fluxes are, of course, globally averaged. Combining these two equations yields then: A_a S/4 + H + E = 0 (3) Consequently, in such a case the energy absorbed by the atmosphere in the solar range must be transferred to the Earth’s surface, i.e., W = H + E must be directed downward to balance the radiation, A_a S/4, absorbed by the atmosphere in the solar range. To guarantee such a strong (globally averaged) downward directed flux W would require inconceivably strong temperature inversions. I wonder whether this is your “greenhouse effect” or not. If we further assume that W = 0, we would for the Earth’s surface: (1 – a_E – A_a) S/4 – L_u = 0 (4) This means that the so-called effective temperature (whatever it means) of this kind of planetary radiative equilibrium would result in T_e = {(1 – a_e -A_a) S/(4 eps_E sigma)}^0.25 (5) Assuming a_E = 0.3, A_a = 0.23, and eps_E = 1 yields then: T_e = 231 K In accord with Eq. (1), there would be an imbalance at the top of the atmosphere expressed by (1 – a_E) S/4 – L_u (T_e) = A_a S/4 (6) Because of such a great imbalance the Earth would probably lose its atmosphere within a short period. The numbers of this thought model of an atmosphere completely transparent in the IR-range underline that any assumption that excludes the fluxes of sensible and latent heat is rather inadequate. The uncertainty inherent in the determination of these fluxes is so large that any effect of an energy imbalance of 0.58 W/m^2. as diagnosed by Hansen et al. (2011) for the period 2005 – 2010, may be assessed as noise. on February 15, 2012 at 6:53 pm DeWitt Payne If you leave oxygen in the atmosphere to absorb solar UV, then you must also have ozone. Ozone has a band in the thermal IR which will balance emission and absorption. The stratosphere will still increase in temperature with altitude, just like now, but the temperature range won’t be all that different, especially since the tropopause will have a lower temperature. on February 15, 2012 at 6:59 pm raypierre The fluxes of sensible and latent heat are of course important in the surface energy balance. That is why they are included in every climate model, from GCM’s down to the simplest radiative-convective model. When the turbulent coupling is very effective, a detailed surface balance can be replaced by the assumption that the surface temperature is very close to the overlying air temperature (as explained in Chapter 6 of my book, which is all about the relative roles of turbulent fluxes and radiative fluxes in the surface balance). But none of this has much bearing on the way greenhouse gases affect the surface temperature of a planet. If you deal with the top of atmosphere energy budget, it’s all radiative, so the calculation is much simpler. As is the incontrovertible proof of the greenhouse effect from observations of top of atmosphere spectra. Incontrovertible at least if you subscribe to the First Law of Thermodynamics. Even people who are wobbly on what the Second law means should at least be able to grasp the First Law. on February 15, 2012 at 7:43 pm Gerhard Kramm recently, Hansen et al. (2011) stated: »The basic physics underlying this global warming, the greenhouse effect, is simple. An increase of gases such as CO2 makes the atmosphere more opaque at infrared wavelengths. This added opacity causes the planet’s heat radiation to space to arise from higher, colder levels in the atmosphere, thus reducing emission of heat energy to space. The temporary imbalance between the energy absorbed from the Sun and heat emission to space, causes the planet to warm until planetary energy balance is restored.« A similar argument can be find in the paper of Ramanathan et al. (1987); Jim Hansen was one of the co-authors. First of all, this argument is incorrect because neither the globally averaged fluxes of sensible and latent heat nor the globally averaged net radiation in the infrared range, DL_u (i.e., terrestrial radiation minus down-welling radiation) are functions of the surface temperature. Second, there is no constant ratio between W = H + E on the one hand and DL_u on the other hand. ). A reduction of DL-u by F = 0.58 W/m^2, as diagnosed by Hansen et al. (2011) may easily be compensated by H and/or E to fulfill the energy flux budget for the Earth’s surface. The same is true in case of any other of these flux terms. Note that even the Bowen ratio = H/E is not constant. Dear DeWitt Payne, of course, ozone has an absorption/emission band in the atmospheric window at 9.6 my. H2O and CO2 have also various absorption/emission bands in the infrared range. Thought models serve to analyze the behavior of a system even under nearly absurd conditions. Remember, the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere is a thought model, too. It serves to quantify the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect by 33 K. on February 16, 2012 at 8:45 am scienceofdoom Re your comment of February 15, 2012 at 7:43 pm where you cited Hansen et al (2011). They said: You took issue with the comment for a number of reasons. But please confirm a few points so we can confirm exactly what you disagree with: 1. You are not questioning the physics of increasing opacity increasing the radiation to space from higher levels. 2. In the first instance, if the altitude of radiation to space increased this would reduce the flux to space because the temperature at a higher altitude is colder. 3. As soon as the flux to space reduced then this would have a cooling effect and so we have to consider feedback which is very complex and who knows what the final result is. on February 16, 2012 at 9:02 am Eli Rabett ROTFL. If there are no greeenhouse gases and A_a S/4 is the solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere, where A_a is the respective absorption coefficient this must refer to things like UV/VUV absorption in oxygen and the Chapman cycle is functioning, producing ozone, so us bunnies at the bottom of the well are not sunburned and can grab our pencils. The atmosphere is being heated from above, and it cannot radiate. Assuming O3 emission in the IR is neglected (no greenhouse gases allowed), and since ozone and oxygen molecules do not emit in the VIS/UV/VUV, as pointed out, the energy A_aS/4 will heat the atmosphere. To guarantee such a strong (globally averaged) downward directed flux W would require inconceivably strong temperature inversions. Congratulations Dr. Kramm, you have discovered the stratosphere. You WILL produce the mother of all inversions, it is the difference in temperature between the mid stratosphere and the tropopause, about 40 K and it is why the stratosphere is stratified. Of course, since the ozone cannot radiate in the IR anymore, the inversion will be even larger and the tropopause will be pushed down by whatever heat conduction mechanisms are still available. OK, convection still works in the new model troposphere, but now since the coldest part is warmer (and lower) it does not work as well, so the loss of energy from the surface by convection is decreased, and the surface warms, until, wait for it, energy balance at the top of the atmosphere is restored. Quite nice the planet G&T on April 25, 2012 at 9:29 pm willard Eli, It seems that Dr. Kramm is now wondering how to answer this comment: > Again, should a response [sic.] to such statements? Sorry, my time is too valuable to response to [Eli]’s “bla bla blubber”. http://metaclimate.org/2012/04/14/arguing-with-stupid-people/#comment-6841 on February 17, 2012 at 11:32 pm \| Reply Frank Below your write: “When the turbulent coupling is very effective, a detailed surface balance can be replaced by the assumption that the surface temperature is very close to the overlying air temperature … But none of this has much bearing on the way greenhouse gases affect the surface temperature of a planet.” Our host and many others say that increasing GHGs will increase DLR emitted from near the surface, which must increase surface temperature. However, we don’t know if the additional energy delivered to the surface by enhanced DLR will leave the surface via convection, or – after the surface warms – via radiation, or by some combination of the two. If an increase in DLR results in an 0.25% increase in surface temperature (0.7 degK), upward surface radiation will increase 1% or 4 W/m2. Unfortunately, this surface temperature increase could have been caused by a DLR increase of 5,12 or 40 W/m2 and the surface energy balance could be restored by convection increases of 1, 8, or 36 W/m2 respectively. There is a dramatic difference between 10% and 80% of enhanced DLR ending up as surface warming. When the greenhouse effect (and water vapor feedback) is described in terms increased DLR arriving at the surface, we need to know how much of the excess energy will leave the surface by each route before we know how much the surface will warm. Right now, K&T say roughly 97 W/m2 leaves the surface by convection and 63 W/m2 (396-333) by net radiation. The proportion of energy leaving the surface by radiation and convection is obviously not fixed. If one slowly added GHG’s to an atmosphere that had none, all of the increased DLR would go into warming the surface so the added energy from DLR can escape as radiation. Eventually an unstable lapse rate will develop. Once convection begins, convection can remove some, most, an increasing fraction, or hypothetically all of the energy from increasing DLR. Most of the surface of the planet is convectively stable; the average of 97 W/m2 of upward flux by convection appears to be mostly zero W/m2 combined with a few sites (the ITCZ, isolated thunderstorms) where thousands of W/m2 is escaping upward. This isn’t an ideal situation for climate models with grid cells several degrees in latitude and longitude. I’m interested in knowing if current climate models partition the upward flux in agreement with observation (K&T energy budget) and whether we should have confidence in their ability to do so after CO2 has doubled. I accept that increasing GHGs will raise the characteristic emission level and warm the surface via the lapse rate. I’m questioning the role DLR emitted near the surface plays in the greenhouse effect in general and especially in water vapor feedback. on February 18, 2012 at 12:11 am scienceofdoom I’ve written too much about DLR and surface temperature as a consequence of the unscientific theories circulating on the internet about the (imaginary) second law of thermodynamics. Leonard Weinstein keeps pointing this out. (And I keep reminding him that I agree with his explanation of the “greenhouse” effect). You attribute this to me: “..increasing GHGs will increase DLR emitted from near the surface..” This is not necessarily true as I explained in Understanding Atmospheric Radiation and the “Greenhouse” Effect – Part Five. ..With increasing pCO2, DLR (back radiation) remains constant and yet TOA flux reduces.. The TOA balance is where changes in radiatively-active gases really have an effect. Changes in TOA balance inevitably lead to heating or cooling in the first instance. Thereafter, feedback as a result of the heating or cooling is what determines the final surface temperature. Millet, you don’t have to change the lapse rate. The effective radiating temperature is constant so long as the planetary albedo stays constant, since sigma (Trad*4) = absorbed solar radiation per square meter. So if you keep Trad fixed and the lapse rate fixed, then you increase the surface temperature when you increase the altitude of the radiating level zrad: Ts = Trad + rzrad Increase zrad and you increase Ts. What could be simpler? (Explained in, dare I say it, Chapter 3 of Principles of Planetary Climate. I am sure this argument appeared explicitly and in detail in the original addition of Goody’s book, but it seems to have been taken out, or at least truncated, in the Goody and Yung revision) on February 15, 2012 at 11:25 am \| Reply John Millett raypierre, It depends on where the fixed lapse rate is anchored: at the surface or at the radiating altitude. With increased radiating altitude, the former anchor implies a steepening of the graphical representation of the lapse rate – a backward-sloping line from the surface – and no change in surface temperature; while the latter anchor implies a right-ward line shift and a warmer surface. The surface warming would have to come from atmospheric radiation, introducing the controversial conflict with thermodynamic law. Do you think the lapse rate is anchored at the radiating altitude? Why? I don’t “think of it” as being anchored at the radiating level, that’s the way it has to be to satisfy the top of atmosphere radiation balance. That comes directly out of the definition of the effective radiating temperature and the definition of the radiating level. When you talk about the “lapse rate” as being anchored, I assume you actually mean the “temperature profile,” or more precisely, the (T,z) intercept at z = zrad. The lapse rate (slope) for a convecting layer is fixed by thermodynamics — dry thermodynamics in the case under discussion. A belated thankyou for drafting your book online. From that source and SOD’s excellent site, I believe I understand how the effective radiating temperature is derived and how, via the Ideal Gas laws, this translates to pressure and, thence, to altitude to arrive at a coordinate in (T,z) 2-D space. Could you confirm that this coordinate is notional, the planet’s real effective radiating (T,z) coordinate being lower and to the right of it? Do I understand you correctly: the notional coordinate is the origin of the temperature profile which extends, at a thermodynamically determined “lapse rate”, downwards to the right to intercept the surface; and upwards to the left to intercept the tropopause, thus fixing temperatures at those altitudes? On the other hand, the term “lapse rate” connotes a falling away of temperature from the surface to the tropopause suggesting the surface (T,z) coordinate or (T,0) as the origin of the temperature profile. In turn this suggests that a coordinate (T, z+dz) would lie on a steepened temperature profile. Is this not feasible? on February 16, 2012 at 7:34 am \| Reply scienceofdoom I am hoping you will answer the question posed towards the end of the article: – ETOA= 3.8 x 1024 J – Esurface = ? – Is Esurface significantly greater than ETOA ? Obviously I believe Kramm & Dlugi will answer “Yes” to this question. Looking forward to clarification of your thoughts on this. on December 4, 2013 at 3:46 pm \| Reply Daniel Wirt scienceofdoom, did Dr. Kramm ever specifically answer your question? If so, I have missed it. Please direct me to his response, if he made one. Longwave up is still greater than longwave out into space… http://www.gewex.org/BSRN/BSRN-12_presentations/Wild_FriM.pdf on December 4, 2013 at 6:47 pm scienceofdoom He did not. on December 4, 2013 at 8:26 pm Gerhard Kramm Dear Daniel, yesterday, I received an e-mail in which the sender argued that the NASA scheme of the global energy flux budget (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/NASA_earth_energy_budget.gif) does not contain the down-welling infrared (IR) radiation. This, of course, is a misinterpretation of this scheme because the so-called net radiation in the IR range is considered. This IR net radiation is the difference between the emitted radiation and the absorbed down-welling radiation. (The notion “back radiation” unsuitable). I used the following example to document that the down-welling radiation must exist. According to this NASA scheme the IR net radiation amounts to 21 % of the solar input at the top of the atmosphere, i.e., 71 W/m^2. If no down-welling IR radiation would exist this 71 W/m^2 would be the globally averaged emitted radiation. Thus, this meaning would be absurd. Yesterday morning, the temperature at the Fairbanks International Airport was – 18 degrees C. This value corresponds to 240 W/m^2. The true surface temperature, of course, differs from that temperature, but not so much, even though strong temperature inversions of 20 K/100 m may occur. The relative emissivity of fresh snow is close to 100 %. Most surface temperatures between 60 degrees North and 60 degrees South are usually higher than – 18 degrees C. This means that the emitted radiation by the largest part of the Earth’s surface (strictly spoken emitted by the water and land masses adjacent to the surface) is still higher than 240 W/m^2. The surface temperatures of the polar regions may be lower than this temperature of -18 degrees C. Thus, let us consider the temperature that corresponds to 71 W/m^2, namely 188 K if we assume a relative emissivity of 100 %. Such a temperature was, indeed, observed at Vostok Station, Antarctica. Thus, we may conclude that the emitted radiation, on global average, is much higher than 71 W/m^2. Consequently, without any down-welling IR radiation, an IR net radiation of 71 W/m^2 would be impossible. Furthermore, the physical basis of the radiative transfer equation on a microscopic scale underlines that the down-welling IR radiation has its origin in the emission of photons by molecules, where spontaneous and induced emission have to be considered (see Einstein, 1917). The interferograms as published by Hanel et al. (1972) also documents that the signals have their origin in the emission of radiation to space.This emission is related to the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. It can be illustrated the best by the emission related to ozone in the 9.6 my band (see Figures 11 to 14 of Hanel et al, 1972). This means that the notion “trapping of radiation” is highly awkward. Einstein’s considerations were extended by Milne (1928). He not only considered absorption, spontaneous and induced emission of photons by molecules, but also inelastic and super-elastic collision between molecules and other particles like atoms, ions and electrons. Milne showed that Einstein’s considerations are valid as long as the assumption of a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is fulfilled. Milne’s Eq. (20) is used in the literature for describing the breakdown of the LTE (see, e.g., Goody & Yung, 1989, Lenoble, 1993, Liou, 2002). We may assume that the assumption of LTE is acceptable up to a height of about 60 km above ground. Consequently, we may use Planck’s radiation law as the source function in the Schuster-Schwarzschild equation if we are dealing with the radiative transfer of IR radiation in this atmospheric layer. Milne’s Eq. (24) serves to distinguish between monochromatic radiative equilibrium for the region of the upper atmosphere where the density is very low (the mean free path is in the km range) and the monochromatic radiation under LTE conditions. Note that monochromatic radiative equilibrium means that the monochromatic radiation absorbed by molecules is re-emitted uniformly in direction. Consequently, the down-welling IR radiation generally exists. On global average, it is of about 60 to 70 W/m^2 lower than the emitted radiation. Only the IR net radiation is a part of the global energy flux budget at the Earth’s surface. It is well known from the literature that CO2 causes cooling rates especially in the stratosphere and the mesosphere. I suggest to read the paper of Feldman et al. (2006). Now, the other side of the coin: My co-author Dr. Dr. habil. Dlugi and I showed that the same value of the IR net radiation can be computed using various pairs of global temperatures for the surface and the atmosphere. The reason is simple. There is no thermodynamics that is based on globally averaged temperatures. None of the energy fluxes that contribute to the global energy budget of the system Earth-atmosphere depends on such global temperatures. The globally averaged surface temperature is a weak signal of the global energy budget, but not the cause. Most definitions and descriptions of the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect only serve to disguise this fact. Furthermore, the down-welling radiation is not a synonym for this awkward greenhouse effect. We often observed downward directed heat fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer. But on global average, this heat flux is upward directed. The same is true the the case of the latent heat flux and the IR net radiation flux. Finally, in physics, a definition of an effect is clear. This is the basis for any reproduction of this effect. The numbers of definitions and explanations of the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect underline that this is not a physical effect, but an inappropriate description of the global energy budget by inserting globally averaged temperatures. on December 4, 2013 at 10:16 pm DeWitt Payne Dr. Kramm, Wow! So much verbiage and hand waving, so little content. Simplified models with constant global temperature put a lower bound on the size of the effect. Hölder’s Inequality requires that the global average temperature for a non-uniform temperature distribution that still radiates the same total energy must be less than for a globe with a uniform temperature. Since there must be a net flow of thermal energy from the surface to the atmosphere and space, an increase in atmospheric radiative flux to the surface caused by an increase in atmospheric emissivity from an increase in radiatively active gas concentration, CO2 e.g., requires an increase in upward radiative flux, i.e. an increase in surface temperature. Similarly, a decrease in upward radiation at the top of the atmosphere caused by the increased width of the CO2 absorption band will cause an increase in atmospheric temperature. That will further increase the downward flux from the atmosphere to the surface, CO2 does indeed cool the stratosphere. But emission to space from the stratosphere and absorption of emitted radiation from the surface and lower atmosphere in the stratosphere is small compared to total emission. on December 5, 2013 at 12:21 am Gerhard Kramm Your comment has nothing to do with physics, but with faith. Even simplified models must be based on correct equations. What you called are not simplified models, but wrong models. The Earth’s surface has no uniform temperature. Therefore, the application of the Stefan-Boltzmann law on a globally averaged surface temperature is wrong because Stefan’s constant is not a natural constant. It is based on two integrations: (1) The integration over the entire spectrum, i.e., from zero to infinity, to determine the radiative intensity, and (2) the integration of the radiative intensities over the adjacent half space, where the these intensities are considered as isotropically distributed. The latter is in integration over a vector field, This means that the Stefan-Boltzmann law can only be applied to a temperature of a small surface element comparable with a small hole necessary to observe cavity radiation. The so-called effective radiation temperature of 255 K for the Earth in the absence of its atmosphere is a meaningless number. If we apply this physically inappropriate concept to the Moon, a nearly perfect example for a planet without an atmosphere, we will obtain nearly 270 K. The globally averaged surface temperature of the Moon, however is less than 200 K. This result is based on satellite observations and model simulations. We cannot observe the distribution of the Earth’s surface temperature in case of the absence of its atmosphere. But we can perform model simulations in a similar manner as in case of the Moon, where we have to pay attention that a Moon’s second is nearly 29.5 times larger than an Earth second. This can be handled by a variable transformation. In both cases not only radiative fluxes in the solar and in the IR range have to be considered, but also the soil heat flux. Consequently, the rotation of the planet has to be included. The stupid calculation of the effective radiative temperature does not include the rotation of the planet and the soil heat flux. No climate modeler would be so stupid to assume a uniform temperature for the Earth’s surface. To simulate the local Earth’s surface temperature in case of the presence of the atmosphere, a similar scheme has to be used. Beside the fluxes mentioned before, such a scheme also contains the down-welling IR radiation and the fluxes of sensible and latent heat. In case of tall vegetation like forest, such schemes become really complex. Have you ever developed such schemes? I have. Your description of the radiative behavior of the CO2 molecule is not in agreement with Einstein’s paper. on December 5, 2013 at 2:08 am Daniel Wirt I don’t see anything about globally averaged temperatures in this work by Wild et.al., just radiation measurements at multiple points across the earth. Would you be more comfortable not using the “greenhouse effect” terminology and just describe how the global energy budget has been altered by increased CO2 (and water vapor as a feedback), leading to an increase in W/ m^2 at the surface? Isn’t the object to find the best way of understanding and describing physical reality? http://www.iac.ethz.ch/edu/courses/master/modules/radiation_and_climate_change/download/Lecture7_2013 http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/wild/Wildetal_IRS2012_GlobalEnergyBalance.pdf on December 5, 2013 at 3:33 am Gerhard Kramm I replied to the question whether the longwave radiation outgoing from the Earth’s surface greater is than that emitted to space, but not to the ppt presentation by Wild et al. In our Table 2 fifteen different authors (or author groups) were listed. This table is based on that of Kiehl and Trenberth (1997), where some additional information was inserted by Dlugi and me. None of these sources listed in Table 2 gave any evidence that the opposite would be true. This means that the results Wild et al. document in detail a fact that is known since many decades. Mauritsen et al. (2012) stated, »during a development stage global climate models have their properties adjusted or tuned in various ways to best match the known state of the Earth’s climate system. These desired properties are observables, such as the radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere, the global mean temperature, sea ice, clouds and wind fields.« Thus, I do not further pay much attention to the results provided by GCMs. Such climate predictions are only the results of speculation using numerical models. Do you really believe that in twenty years or so the next generation of climate modelers will try to confirm the results published during the past three decades? I do not. The next generation will also try to publish its climate predictions. This cannot mainly be done on the basis of confirmation. Thus, climate modelers like Washington and Hansen will be cited, if ever, as former modelers who also tried to simulate the Earth’s climate. Have you ever checked how good the prediction of a serious weather event was twenty or thirty years ago? I don’ think the climate modeling is about the prediction of serious, individual weather events. And yes, I think the science historians will be intensely interested in how well the current climate models performed with regard to climate changes in the next 20-30-40+ years. The history of science has good long-term memory. My own prediction is that Gerlich and Tscheuschner will not fare well in that historical analysis. This is true. According to Ed Lorenz (1975), weather prediction is mainly related to initial conditions (prediction of first kind) and climate prediction is mainly related to boundary conditions (prediction of second kind). But the atmospheric modules of both type of models are nearly identical. Radiation fluxes are routinely measured close to the Earth’s surface using pyranometers and pyrgeometers and by satellite-borne radiometers. The fluxes of sensible and latent heat are not routinely measured by eddy covariance techniques. They are calculated on the basis of parameterization schemes. Consequently, there is a large degree of inherent uncertainty. This is quite understandable because the eddy covariance techniques only allow an limited accuracy. Errors of 10 to 20 W/m^2 (and even higher) are always possible. Based on special field campaigns, micrometeorologists found imbalance terms in the energy flux schemes for the Earth’s surface of more than 100 W/m^2. Prof. Dr. Hans von Storch argued in an interview carried out by the German magazine Der Spiegel (http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-hans-von-storch-on-problems-with-climate-change-models-a-906721.html): »…no one has been able to provide a compelling answer to why climate change seems to be taking a break. We’re facing a puzzle. Recent CO2 emissions have actually risen even more steeply than we feared. As a result, according to most climate models, we should have seen temperatures rise by around 0.25 degrees Celsius (0.45 degrees Fahrenheit) over the past 10 years. That hasn’t happened. In fact, the increase over the last 15 years was just 0.06 degrees Celsius (0.11 degrees Fahrenheit) — a value very close to zero.« It is time to think about the role of climate modeling because a lot of money is used for rather inadequate modeling, but the knowledge of the governing physical processes does not increase because there is not enough money to support both modeling and field campaigns. Without a better knowledge of these governing processes we must not expect better results provided by weather forecasting models and GCMs. on December 5, 2013 at 2:28 pm Daniel Wirt Has climate change “taken a break”? Probably not. Later in the interview, Dr. Von Storch says, Storch: There are two conceivable explanations — and neither is very pleasant for us. The first possibility is that less global warming is occurring than expected because greenhouse gases, especially CO2, have less of an effect than we have assumed. This wouldn’t mean that there is no man-made greenhouse effect, but simply that our effect on climate events is not as great as we have believed. The other possibility is that, in our simulations, we have underestimated how much the climate fluctuates owing to natural causes. SPIEGEL: That sounds quite embarrassing for your profession, if you have to go back and adjust your models to fit with reality… Storch: Why? That’s how the process of scientific discovery works. There is no last word in research, and that includes climate research. It’s never the truth that we offer, but only our best possible approximation of reality. But that often gets forgotten in the way the public perceives and describes our work. SPIEGEL: But it has been climate researchers themselves who have feigned a degree of certainty even though it doesn’t actually exist. For example, the IPCC announced with 95 percent certainty that humans contribute to climate change. Storch: And there are good reasons for that statement. We could no longer explain the considerable rise in global temperatures observed between the early 1970s and the late 1990s with natural causes. My team at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, in Hamburg, was able to provide evidence in 1995 of humans’ influence on climate events. Of course, that evidence presupposed that we had correctly assessed the amount of natural climate fluctuation. Now that we have a new development, we may need to make adjustments. SPIEGEL: In which areas do you need to improve the models? Storch: Among other things, there is evidence that the oceans have absorbed more heat than we initially calculated. Temperatures at depths greater than 700 meters (2,300 feet) appear to have increased more than ever before. The only unfortunate thing is that our simulations failed to predict this effect. SPIEGEL: That doesn’t exactly inspire confidence. Storch: Certainly the greatest mistake of climate researchers has been giving the impression that they are declaring the definitive truth. The end result is foolishness along the lines of the climate protection brochures recently published by Germany’s Federal Environmental Agency under the title “Sie erwärmt sich doch” (“The Earth is getting warmer”). Pamphlets like that aren’t going to convince any skeptics. It’s not a bad thing to make mistakes and have to correct them. The only thing that was bad was acting beforehand as if we were infallible. By doing so, we have gambled away the most important asset we have as scientists: the public’s trust. We went through something similar with deforestation, too — and then we didn’t hear much about the topic for a long time. SPIEGEL: Does this throw the entire theory of global warming into doubt? Storch: I don’t believe so. We still have compelling evidence of a man-made greenhouse effect. There is very little doubt about it. But if global warming continues to stagnate, doubts will obviously grow stronger. SPIEGEL: Do scientists still predict that sea levels will rise? Storch: In principle, yes. Unfortunately, though, our simulations aren’t yet capable of showing whether and how fast ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica will melt — and that is a very significant factor in how much sea levels will actually rise. For this reason, the IPCC’s predictions have been conservative. And, considering the uncertainties, I think this is correct. SPIEGEL: And how good are the long-term forecasts concerning temperature and precipitation? Storch: Those are also still difficult. For example, according to the models, the Mediterranean region will grow drier all year round. At the moment, however, there is actually more rain there in the fall months than there used to be. We will need to observe further developments closely in the coming years. Temperature increases are also very much dependent on clouds, which can both amplify and mitigate the greenhouse effect. For as long as I’ve been working in this field, for over 30 years, there has unfortunately been very little progress made in the simulation of clouds. SPIEGEL: Despite all these problem areas, do you still believe global warming will continue? Storch: Yes, we are certainly going to see an increase of 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) or more — and by the end of this century, mind you. That’s what my instinct tells me, since I don’t know exactly how emission levels will develop. Other climate researchers might have a different instinct. Our models certainly include a great number of highly subjective assumptions. Natural science is also a social process, and one far more influenced by the spirit of the times than non-scientists can imagine. You can expect many more surprises. SPIEGEL: What exactly are politicians supposed to do with such vague predictions? Storch: Whether it ends up being one, two or three degrees, the exact figure is ultimately not the important thing. Quite apart from our climate simulations, there is a general societal consensus that we should be more conservative with fossil fuels. Also, the more serious effects of climate change won’t affect us for at least 30 years. We have enough time to prepare ourselves. SPIEGEL: In a SPIEGEL interview 10 years ago, you said, “We need to allay people’s fear of climate change.” You also said, “We’ll manage this.” At the time, you were harshly criticized for these comments. Do you still take such a laidback stance toward global warming? Storch: Yes, I do. I was accused of believing it was unnecessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is not the case. I simply meant that it is no longer possible in any case to completely prevent further warming, and thus it would be wise of us to prepare for the inevitable, for example by building higher ocean dikes. And I have the impression that I’m no longer quite as alone in having this opinion as I was then. The climate debate is no longer an all-or-nothing debate — except perhaps in the case of colleagues such as a certain employee of Schellnhuber’s, whose verbal attacks against anyone who expresses doubt continue to breathe new life into the climate change denial camp. SPIEGEL: Are there findings related to global warming that worry you? Storch: The potential acidification of the oceans due to CO2 entering them from the atmosphere. This is a phenomenon that seems sinister to me, perhaps in part because I understand too little about it. But if marine animals are no longer able to form shells and skeletons well, it will affect nutrient cycles in the oceans. And that certainly makes me nervous. The vast majority of climate scientists have not “gambled away… the public’s trust”. It has been a tiny minority, well-funded by fossil fuel and other interests, who have impeded the science by sowing propaganda, the Merchants of Doubt, as Oreskes puts it. There is true skepticism, vital in science, and there is pseudoskepticism, employing scientifically dishonest tactics such as cherry-picking data with short- term noise. http://www.skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=47 http://www.skepticalscience.com/global-cooling-january-2007-to-january-2008-intermediate.htm Note Figure 9 “Figure 9: A visual depiction of how much global warming heat is going into the various components of the climate system for the period 1993 to 2003, calculated from IPCC AR4 5.2.2.3. Note that focusing on surface air temperatures misses more than 90% of the overall warming of the planet. In fact Meehl et al. (2011)found that climate models expect ‘hiatus decades’ to occur, during which surface temperatures don’t warm significantly because more heat is transfered to the deap oceans. This is what appears to have happened over the first decade of the 21st Century.” I know this interview. It is not necessary to repeat it here. I listed the URL address so that the interested reader can find the interview. I did not post this post this additional portion of von Storch’s interview for your benefit — I assumed that you were familiar with it. I posted it for the benefit of others (because you quoted rather selectively from the interview). So that others could see that von Storch doesn’t think that climate models are fundamentally flawed (but need to be improved). That he thinks, “We still have compelling evidence of a man-made greenhouse effect. There is very little doubt about it.” And that, “Among other things, there is evidence that the oceans have absorbed more heat than we initially calculated. Temperatures at depths greater than 700 meters (2,300 feet) appear to have increased more than ever before. The only unfortunate thing is that our simulations failed to predict this effect.” Given the latter, his statements that climate change has taken a break and global warming stagnating are nonsensical. And i don’t see your response to the evidence I provided that there is no pause in global warming. In any case, I want to make certain that I understand you correctly. My understanding is that you agree that the longwave radiation outgoing from the Earth’s surface greater is than that emitted to space, or as scienceofdoom puts it, E-surface is significantly greater than E-TOA. Do you agree? Can you answer in a “yes” or “no” fashion? I do not discuss the results of speculations. on December 6, 2013 at 4:18 pm DeWitt Payne So the manufacturers of all non-contact thermometers aren’t actually measuring temperature? All of those instruments calculate a temperature using either the Stefan-Boltzmann equation or the Planck equation. And the field of view is a lot larger than a small hole in a cavity. A pyrgeometer has a field of view of 2π steradians Of course you could say that, since even a Hohlraum isn’t a perfect black body, the Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann equations aren’t valid anywhere since real objects don’t have constant emissivity with wavelength either. But nobody in the real world would care and they would continue to use their instruments. And engineers would still use the S-B equation to calculate heat transfer. The optical pyrometer is, in fact, the official IPTS-90 instrument for measuring temperatures above the freezing point of silver, 961.78C using the Planck equation to calculate temperature. See paragraph 3.4 here. You should climb down from your ivory tower of academic physics and spend some time in the real world. Obviously, you do not under stand that the temperature measurement using a thermometer is a local measurement, but not a global one. I suggest to read textbooks on radiation. Can you please respond to my last post? on December 8, 2013 at 12:02 am DeWitt Payne Obviously you do not understand that it is not necessary to measure the temperature at every point on the planet to calculate a gridded temperature field for the surface and thus the global distribution of emitted radiation and that the local emission and temperature can be integrated using finite difference methods over time, space and wavelength to calculate a good approximation of the global totals and averages. Measurements from orbiting satellites, while not precise enough to determine the global imbalance between absorbed SW and emitted LW radiation, certainly don’t falsify the hypothesis that’s referred to as the enhanced greenhouse effect. The same goes for measurements at the surface. Similarly, even though there are relatively few locations that measure atmospheric and surface radiation emission and absorption, the agreement with calculated values for a given atmospheric profile of both the total radiation measured with pyrgeometers and pyranometers as well as atmospheric emission spectra measured with FT-IR spectrophotometers gives quite good confidence that the atmospheric radiation transfer theory behind the greenhouse effect is on sound footing. Out of curiosity, do you believe that the ARGO system can measure changes in global ocean heat content using only a few thousand instruments? You referred to the average temperature of the lunar surface previously. You do realize that we have only measured the lunar surface temperature by contact thermometers in a few locations and the rest of the measurements are satellite based. So if you don’t believe that can be done for the Earth, how can you say that the average surface temperature of the moon is not the same as it would be for a globe with uniform temperature with the same albedo? I agree that it’s not. It’s the temperature that you expect from, (and can calculate relatively easily) a slowly rotating sphere with a low surface heat capacity and an albedo of about 0.1. I do not reply to physical nonsense. on December 8, 2013 at 12:33 am Daneil Wirt I am not certain what you find speculative. In fact, what is speculative is what you quoted from von Storch (that “climate change seems to be taking a break)… In any case, I wish you would please answer this question in a straightforward manner: Do you agree that the longwave radiation outgoing from the Earth’s surface greater is than that emitted to space, or as scienceofdoom puts it, E-surface is significantly greater than E-TOA. Do you agree? Can you answer in a “yes” or “no” fashion? The global energy budget is based on physics, but not on “yes” or “no”. on December 8, 2013 at 1:07 am DeWitt Payne By the way, I have read a book on radiation: Grant Petty, A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation(2nd edition). I highly recommend it. I have Chandrasekhar (1960), Liou (2002), Petty (2004, 2006), Bohren & Clothiaux (2006), and Vardavas & Taylor (2007) in my private Library. In addition, I am working with Kondratyev (1969), Goody & Yung (1989), Lenoble (1993), and Thomas & Stamnes (1999). Stamnes was a professor at UAF until his retirement in 2000 or so. I have published some papers on radiation. One of them is dealing with the derivation of a general form of Wien’s displacement law using dimensional analysis. The radiation laws of Wien (1896), Rayleigh (1900), Planck (1901) are only special cases of this general version. Do you really believe that you are qualified enough to examine me? on December 8, 2013 at 4:04 am scienceofdoom ..I have Chandrasekhar (1960), Liou (2002), Petty (2004, 2006), Bohren & Clothiaux (2006), and Vardavas & Taylor (2007) in my private Library.. I have published some papers on radiation.. ..Do you really believe that you are qualified enough to examine me? Questioning ideas, asking for evidence & derivations and asking for resolution of apparent contradictions are all available to anyone on this blog. As explained in About this Blog. There is no church (argument from authority) here. The only right that the moderator reserves is to use is to prevent “debate” about basic physics in standard textbooks (which is just a personal preference, explained in Etiquette). So in that sense basic physics is accepted as a given. I’m sure you know more than almost everyone commenting on this blog about radiative physics. Which makes being unwilling to answer the question that started this thread, and was posed in the article, all the more fascinating. Please, read the papers of Einstein (1917), Dirac (1927), and Milne (1928) first. There is a fine translation of Einstein’s paper from German into English (http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/einstein/1917_Radiation.pdf). Dirac’s paper can be found under http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/114/767/243.full.pdf and that of Milne under http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1928MNRAS..88..493M Also helpful are the papers of Fowler & Milne (1925) and Tolman (1925) regarding the “principle of detailed balancing”. Both papers were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. OK. scienceofdoom, did Dr. Kramm answer your question yet? I see his statement, “Consequently, the down-welling IR radiation generally exists. On global average, it is of about 60 to 70 W/m^2 lower than the emitted radiation. Only the IR net radiation is a part of the global energy flux budget at the Earth’s surface.” This looks like half of the answer. But is he willing to compare the net longwave radiation emitted from the earth’s surface to that emitted to space? (The psychology is fascinating. Or perhaps Dr. Kramm feels qualified to examine me on the psychology…) I already compared it. Read the paper of Kramm & Dlugi (2011). scienceofdoom, sorry I did not see your response before I posted mine. And I would not mind if Dr. Kramm wishes to examine me on the psychology! No, I am not in expert in that discipline. My discipline is theoretical meteorology. But I am also well familiar with atmospheric measurement techniques. Gerhard Kramm on December 8, 2013 at 5:22 am: Please, read the papers of Einstein (1917), Dirac (1927), and Milne (1928) first.. To whom were you suggesting this course of action? If it was me, what question or debate was reading these papers going to clear up? Then on December 8, 2013 at 5:24 am: The question at the end of this article (repeated in the comments specifically to you) was: Is Esurface significantly greater than ETOA? Are you saying you have already compared the (global annual) outgoing longwave radiation from the top of atmosphere with the (global annual) emitted thermal radiation from the surface? You compared it in Kramm & Dlugi 2011? If this is the comparison you refer to when you stated: “I already compared it”, then I cannot find it in your 2011 paper. Please can you help us by identifying the page number and section. Do we really need to read Dirac 1927 to find where you compare the two global annual values? I know and you know that Esurface is significantly greater than ETOA, and we both know that this is the greenhouse effect and we both know that you don’t want to come out and say it. Thus continuing the Gerlich and Tscheuschner joke. But why not say it? Come on. You’ve all had your day in the sun. It’s been hilarious. But don’t you think the joke has been running for long enough? I mean, other people reading this article and the comments might start to think you haven’t understood basic maths or radiative physics 101, let alone read Dirac 1927 or Chandrasekhar 1960. I know you understand this subject. Well, it’s up to you. You have already made the comparison, Dr. Kramm? Then it should be no problem for you to summarize here and answer the question: Is the longwave radiation outgoing from the Earth’s surface greater than that emitted to space — is E-surface significantly greater than E-TOA? on December 8, 2013 at 8:57 am Pekka Pirilä Having many books in the bookshelf is a good start, but proves nothing, Knowing a large number of things is also good as long as the knowledge is generally correct. Referring to great scientists from distant past has in these discussions very often been a sign of being that far behind in the understanding of physics – and in very many cases also a sign of misunderstanding what those great scientists have really been saying. The same people do also very often refuse to answer direct questions, probably because they don’t have answers that would not directly reveal the emptiness of their position. We have all these symptoms very visible in this thread again. Yes, the psychology is fascinating… Daniel Wirt, I believe in pop psych terminology it would be called “d3ni@l”. (spelling altered to try to avoid moderation) You can see similar examples at other web sites where Dr. Kramm has participated like Rabbett Run where the subject is surface integrals. Given his penchant for declaring concepts that he doesn’t like “physical nonsense” (like integrating over gridded temperatures on a spherical surface), it’s interesting that he apparently believes that the rotation rate of the moon has no effect on its surface temperature. Another person, who shall remain nameless, with whom I’ve interacted is similarly afflicted. His view on atmospheric emission from CO2 is based entirely on his fundamental misapprehension that the units ‘partial pressure’ and ‘partial pressurepath length’ are the same. They’re not. Partial pressure is a measure of concentration while partial pressurepath length is a measure of quantity. I’ve pointed him to Beer’s Law, for example, to no avail. on February 21, 2012 at 10:25 am \| Reply Frank Could this be an artifact of your model? If essentially all of the DLR in your model originated from the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the flux of DLR isn’t going to change with increasing CO2 in your model because each layer is isothermal. The emissivity of CO2 at most wavelengths is already near 1, so raising the mixing ratio won’t change emissivity much either. In the real world, higher GHGs will mean that the DLR photons reaching the surface were emitted from a lower warmer altitude, so I still anticipate more of them. on February 25, 2012 at 8:14 pm \| Reply blouis79 My understanding of the major errors of mainstream climate science greenhouse effect: 1. assuming the radiative temperature of a body with an atmosphere is measured at the planetary surface and not the integrated mean of surface+atmopsphere. 2. assuming Tyndall measured warming of gases that failed to transmit IR, when the reality is absorption and instananeous reemission. 3. assuming radiative equilibrium exists in a physical system where conduction, convection and radiation server to tranport heat according to the laws of thermodynamics 4. failing to properly describe the physical mechanism of the “greenhouse theory” 5. failing to demonstrate the validity of the “greenhouse theory” in a physics lab. I see no good reason so far to disagree with Gerlich and Tscheschner or Kramm and Dlugi. on February 26, 2012 at 12:01 am \| Reply scienceofdoom blouis79, We’ll start with item 3. Please demonstrate this claim – “that climate science assumes radiative equilibrium exists in a physical system where conduction, convection…etc“ on February 26, 2012 at 1:42 am \| Reply blouis79 Radiative thermal equilibrium is only valid between bodies in a vacuum, where there is no possibility conduction and convection. It is valid to compute a radiative equilibrium temperature of the earth (solid+atmosphere) with the sun, but not the earth (surface-atmosphere) with the sun. Read the request – demonstrate your claim that climate science assumes… If I said blouis79 assumes that gravity doesn’t exist and you asked me to prove this ridiculous point, I would need to demonstrate that you assumed it, not that gravity existed. Your assertion is incorrect – plain to see for people who have read a few atmospheric physics textbooks. So now you need to go ahead and demonstrate your assertion. Textbooks, papers, etc. Try reading the standard equations using Stefan Boltzmann to derive the earth surface temperature. All standard texts say the same thing. The fact that the term exists for “surface” temperature assumes the earth’s surface-atmosphere is what is in radiative equilibrium. You said on current climate science: It is a specific claim about climate science that is untrue. I’m giving you the opportunity to produce a textbook or paper where this assumption is claimed. It appears that you have never read a textbook on atmospheric physics, but this is a science blog so you have the opportunity to demonstrate your claim. Is your vague and unrelated response: – your best “proof” of your original assertion? Ramanthan quoted by Kramm and Dlugi for example (the standard description): At a surface temperature of 288 K the long-wave emission by the surface is about 390 W·m–2. I could just as easily quote: https://scienceofdoom.com/2009/11/28/co2-an-insignificant-trace-gas-part-one/ who makes the same incorrect assumption that the surface of the earthminuatmosphere is in radiative thermal with the sun. So you don’t understand your own assertion or basic physics. “3. assuming radiative equilibrium exists in a physical system where conduction, convection and radiation server to tranport heat according to the laws of thermodynamics” is unrelated to the question about whether the surface emission of thermal radiation is higher than the emission of the climate system to space. Climate science does not assume radiative equilibrium exists in the atmosphere. In fact, elementary atmospheric physics textbooks spend considerable time explaining: – what the temperature profile would be like if radiative equilibrium existed – how this is unstable to convection – how the lapse rate is calculated (see Potential Temperature) – typical atmospheric profiles and where and how convection occurs – and also why this means that radiative equilibrium cannot dominate in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) Radiative equilibrium means that net heat transfer through the atmosphere by radiation would be zero. This is unrelated to your comment about average emission of thermal radiation from the surface vs from the climate system. I don’t think there is much point going through your other “major errors of mainstream climate science greenhouse effect“. All of that atmospheric physics is largely irrelevant to whether there exists a “greenhouse effect” and how mainstream climate science incorrectly estimates its magnitude. Gerlich and Tscheschner and Kramm and Dlugi appear to have valid arguments that a “greenhouse effect” is baseless. Translation – “I have no idea what I’m writing but anyway I still think the same as I did before“. People are welcome to their opinions. But opinions are pretty uninteresting. This is a science blog. If you have something of substance to write about this article and what specifically Kramm & Dlugi have or haven’t proven then you are welcome to put your ideas forward. If you want to vote for, or cheer, your favorite team then there are much better blogs with much wider audiences. Don’t do it here. I have explained in this article – with reference to Kramm & Dlugi’s paper – that they haven’t actually proven anything not already agreed with by mainstream climate science. I have claimed that the global annual emission of radiation by the surface is much higher than the global annual emission of radiation by the climate system to space. And I have asked them to comment. So far no response. If you have something useful to contribute to this important discussion (and that doesn’t include your opinion or your vote), then go ahead. on May 26, 2012 at 11:07 pm \| Reply Myrrh Where’s the missing heat? The direct heat from the Sun is missing from the AGWScienceFiction energy budget comic cartoon; you’ve taken out thermal infrared, heat, which does heat matter and substituted shortwave, light, which doesn’t. This energy budget is gobbledegook. on May 27, 2012 at 12:33 am \| Reply DeWitt Payne I don’t know what universe you live in, but in this one, energy is energy. SW radiation from sunlight is absorbed by the surface. Absorption increases the energy content. An increased energy content usually results in increased temperature. Some sunlight is reflected from the surface, which is why you can see it, but unless you have a mirror finish surface, most near IR, visible and ultraviolet light from incident solar radiation is absorbed. On average, only about 10% of solar radiation is reflected by the Earth’s surface. The rest is absorbed. Clouds reflect more sunlight than the surface. The end result being about 70% of incident solar radiation is absorbed and 30% is reflected. on September 16, 2015 at 7:59 pm \| Reply robert 1. Not understanding the publishable work in the article… 2. Technically, reflection of electromagnetic radiation is absorption and re-emission ― along with a specific momentum condition. on March 29, 2016 at 10:42 am \| Reply Paul Berberich on March 29, 2016 at 11:49 pm \| Reply DeWitt Payne Saying “Wrong!” without explanation or citation is extremely annoying. You might want to acquire a copy of Feynman, R.P., QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter and read the chapter on reflection and refraction. on March 29, 2016 at 1:42 pm \| Reply Gerhard Kramm Mr. Berberich, obviously, you are one of the simple-minded backseat drivers from Germany. I only recommend: Read a textbook on radiative transfer. Leave a Reply to John Millett Cancel reply	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16661
__label__wiki	0.722867	0.722867	← Creating Characters by Alan Flanagan Script Angel in the City of Angels → Creating An Original TV Drama Series We all know that writing a killer feature film script is hard but how about creating a pilot script for a drama series; something that will be compelling not just over an hour, or a series of hours, but over years? I’ve been working a lot recently with a couple of talented Script Angel clients who are creating original tv series on spec. Developing a new series is an ambitious undertaking and not something I’d usually recommend early-stage writers to attempt. After all, creating a single protagonist story over ninety minutes is challenge enough. But my writers love television drama; they are avid viewers, know the medium and envisage a career writing for it. In the UK you can’t impress a television exec with a spec of their own show, so writers have to create something original in order to demonstrate their abilities both to create original shows and to write on existing shows. It’s reminded me of the challenges we face in developing that pilot episode script, which must do so much more than just entertain in its own right. 1) Be consistent. You might only be expected to write the script for episode one on spec (please don’t waste time writing the others) but in order to write the pilot you have to know your show inside and out. The pilot script must look and feel just like any other episode in the show. Having sat on the other side of the fence I can tell you that there’s nothing more frustrating than reading a pilot script that feels like one kind of show and then reading the series proposal which is pitching something entirely different! You need to have a clear vision for the series and the pilot episode must sell that vision. 2) Where to start? So how do you begin to shape your original Drama Series? The characters and setting will play a major role in the success or otherwise of your series. However, knowing what story form your show will take will help you to begin envisioning what your episodes will look and feel like. 3) The episodic series. Drama series can take two distinct forms. The first is the ‘episodic’ series, sometimes referred to as ‘story of the week’, whereby there is a new story each week and it concludes at the end of the episode. There are regular characters who return each week and often a recurring setting but the primary plot driving each episode is set-up and paid-off within one episode. One advantage is that viewers can miss episodes and still enjoy the show – you don’t need to have seen last week in order to enjoy this week. Most crime dramas take this form whereby the crime is investigated and ‘solved’ at the end of the episode; CSI, Sherlock, Castle, NCIS, Death in Paradise and also Call the Midwife. 4) The serialised series. In this form we tell stories over multiple episodes. These shows usually have a central character but also a significant ensemble cast around them in order to spread the story weight over multiple hours. Most episodes will move stories on for a number of regular characters. This is where a whole new skill-set comes into play as you develop multi-protagonist storylining. Examples include Downton Abbey, Mr Selfridge, Breaking Bad. 5) The best of both? Of course you can combine the two and it’s typical for even episodic series to have a serialised element for their regular characters. Many of the UK’s long-running one-hour shows (Casualty, Holby City) started as almost purely episodic but became more serialised over the years in order to give the regular characters more rewarding material, thus also rewarding long-term viewers. Indeed, in the current climate it would be unusual for an episodic series to have no serialised element for its regular characters. 6) The story engine. Figuring out where your show will sit on this story form spectrum will help to determine where the drama will come from in your episodes. What is the central conflict at the heart of your show? Deciding how much screen-time is spent on the story of the week (if there is one) and how much on unfolding series-long story arcs will help you know what your pilot episode and all subsequent episodes will look like and where to focus your attention in developing the show. Of course, both your characters and your stories need to be awesome but in a serialised series the characters are even more important because they are your story engine. 7) Have a central character. Even with an ensemble cast we almost always come in to the show through one main character. Over time the show might expand out to give more weight to other characters but you can bet your bottom dollar the show didn’t start like that. If you go back to the pilot episodes of any long-running show it’s very clear who the focus of that episode is. Casualty today might look like an ensemble show with no lead character but the pilot episode was entirely focused on male nurse Charlie Fairhead. Downton Abbey began life focused on Lord Grantham, The Paradise centred on shop girl Denise, Orange Is The New Black focuses on Piper, Mr Selfridge might have a great ensemble cast but the title of the show tells you who is at its heart. You might have lots of great characters but we need to watch that first episode and know ‘whose story is this?’ The answer should be the same for the rest of the series. 8) Make them flawed. I can’t stress this enough. There is nothing worse than a boring central character whose most apt description is ‘nice’. While in a long-running series you may never complete your characters’ journeys as you would in a feature film story, you still need to know what that ending would be. Knowing your character’s flaws allows you to exploit them dramatically. The theme of the show (what it’s really about) is usually dramatised through your central character’s flaw. Your central character also needs to be in opposition to something / somebody and preferably to lots of things to give you an abundance of story riches to choose from. 9) Where are we? The story world, precinct or setting can have a major influence on your show, particularly on its tone and style. DCI Banks and Death In Paradise might both be cop shows but with one set in Yorkshire and the other on a Caribbean island they couldn’t be more different. 10) Establishing tone. Be consistent and make sure that your stories, characters, setting and writing style all work together to create a show that has a clear tone. Is it light and warm, easily consumable like Downton Abbey, Mr Selfridge, Call The Midwife, Castle or NCIS, or tough and challenging but rewarding like Peaky Blinders, The Wire, True Detective or The Americans. Putting all that together is hard. You need a story engine that can run for years. Your characters need to be flawed enough to be interesting but with enough redeeming qualities that we’ll keep watching them. But if you get it right, and the pilot script is executed well enough to sell that coherent vision, then you could really impress and, who knows, even get your show commissioned! This entry was posted in Craft, Screenwriting, Television Drama and tagged Breaking Bad, call the midwife, Castle, casualty, creating a central character, creating original shows, DCI Banks, death in paradise, downton abbey, episodic drama, establishing tone, hayley mckenzie, holby city, how to write a tv pilot, how to write a tv series, Mr Selfridge, NCIS, Orange Is The New Black, original tv drama, script angel, serialized drama, sherlock, story engine, storylining, television drama, The Americans, The Wire, True Detective, writing a pilot, writing tv drama on spec. Bookmark the permalink. 4 responses to “Creating An Original TV Drama Series” Veronica Haidar \| August 11, 2014 at 12:45 pm \| Reply Thanks for this; lots of good tips here. OMGchrism \| August 17, 2014 at 4:48 pm \| Reply Reblogged this on christopher f mueller and commented: You should follow the ScriptAngel blog. Lots of great articles like this, and several times a year, she posts a current list of upcoming screenwriting contests. Ottilie \| August 27, 2014 at 10:27 am \| Reply This is great advice, thank you! I think making the characters flawed is one of the most important things. I hate shows where the main character is perfect, it’s so boring. It’s much better to have someone relatable. My favourite character is Mindy Lahiri from the Mindy Project. She’s not your average female lead character, she has flaws and she is successful in her career and she’s hilarious! Pingback: Creating An Original TV Drama Series \| claire peate	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16663
__label__cc	0.720961	0.279039	HomePosts tagged 'spike' Do the Right Thing review and discussion on racism July 9, 2017 July 5, 2018 The Anomalous Host Film Reviews analysis, burn, cracker, film, lee, movie, nigger, racism, review, riot, riots, spike Rated: 3/5 So “nigger” is an offensive word right? At least when white people use it? But why is that exactly? From what I’ve been taught, it has to do with the past, during the 1800s to the late 1900s (depending on which area of America you are at). A term used by white men towards black slaves. A term intended to be insulting and contemptuous. A term that treats blacks as those of a lower class. But nowadays the definition/usage tends to vary. Blacks use it towards each other in a way that isn’t putting someone down so much as it is the cool thing to say. Sort of like how DC Talk took the term “Jesus Freak” and made it cool. A term of endearment, another word for “friend”. Except that it’s a cool word that only black people can use, otherwise it’s blasphemous, making the non-black who uses the word susceptible to being beaten, potentially to death. Never mind that they use the term towards white people as well. A bit of a double standard, though I can see their point. There is much the white man should feel guilty about when it comes to events of the past previous generations have carried out. Used between black people, it’s in a controlled environment, within their own context. Outside of that context, “nigger” takes on a different form, a different life, a different meaning.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16669
__label__wiki	0.51787	0.51787	Laurier officially opens Toronto office Campus · September 23, 2009 8:19 am · TORONTO – Sept. 22 marked the official opening of Wilfrid Laurier’s new office in Toronto. Situated within the Exchange Tower building at King and York Street, the office is centrally located within the city’s financial district. The office will house a number of different functions, such as the student recruitment and alumni relations programs. Nearly half of all Laurier students come from Toronto and its surrounding areas and over 12,100 Laurier alumni live and work in the city. President of Laurier Max Blouw attended the opening of the new office alongside several others from the Laurier community, including dean of business and economics Ginny Dybenko, as well as Toronto Mayor David Miller. Blouw believes that the office will be very beneficial to Laurier. “It will contribute [to Laurier] by providing a highly visible and prominent location for our alumni, our business partners, prospective students, government personnel and others to access Laurier in the heart of Toronto.” The office will also support Laurier’s Toronto co-op program and MBA weekend programs. The majority of undergraduate and MBA co-op placements are located in Toronto, with more than 700 students hired annually. Laurier’s weekend MBA program has already been present in Toronto for 11 years and offers classes at St. Andrew’s Club and Conference Centre. Blouw hopes the establishment of the Toronto office will heighten the visibility of Laurier to key stakeholders, help forge relationships with governments and function to serve those that have philanthropic ties with the university. “We are convinced that having a presence in Toronto will be for the long-term benefit of Laurier,” he said. Joan Norris, dean of the faculty of graduate studies, attended the opening ceremony in Toronto yesterday, and echoed Blouw’s enthusiasm about the new building. “It’s going to do wonders and make our MBA [program] even more visible,” said Norris. “It’s a wonderful building right in the middle of the financial district and you can see the Laurier logo.” -With files from Lauren Millet	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16672
__label__wiki	0.651487	0.651487	Category: Venezuela Regime Change Veteran Truth Teller John Pilger Takes a Critical Look at the Venezuelan Crisis John Pilger now John Pilger then I thought I had said what I had to say about the situation in Venezuela but yesterday I received an email from an old friend with an article by John Pilger attached. Australian journalist and documentary film maker, John Pilger, is one of the world’s essential old-pro, big-C communicators, along with the likes of Sy Hersh, Noam Chomsky, Robert Fisk, Patrick Cockburn and very few others. Based in the UK for most of his life he worked all over the world for the Daily Mirror from 1963 until shortly after the Murdoch takeover in 1985. He never looked back, writing for quality publications worldwide and making 60 documentary films for ITV, always from the point of view of a professional and compassionate observer, always prepared to speak truth to power. He said this on Twitter yesterday: Like a page from Alice’s tea party, the Trump administration has presented Guaido, a pop-up creation of the CIA-front National Endowment for Democracy, as “legitimate President of Venezuela”. Unheard of by 81% of the people (source: @thenation), Guaido has been elected by no one. Martha Gellhorn, the American novelist, journalist and war correspondent, has said: John Pilger has taken on the great theme of justice and injustice… He documents and proclaims the official lies that we are told and that most people accept or don’t bother to think about. He belongs to an old and unending worldwide company, the men and women of conscience. Some are as famous as Tom Paine and William Wilberforce, some as unknown as a tiny group calling itself Grandmothers Against The Bomb…. If they win, it is slowly; but they never entirely lose. To my mind, they are the blessed proof of the dignity of man. John has an assured place among them. I’d say he is a charter member for his generation. (Source: Wikipedia) Given the rapidly-evolving crisis in Venezuela I feel obliged to pass his article on to you: The War on Venezuela Is Built on Lies Thanks, Tariq Thank you for liking, following, commenting and sharing. Author Michael BoothPosted on February 23, 2019 Categories John Pilger, Venezuela Regime Change, Venezuela Resists Assault, War on VenezuelaTags American Regime Changers, Hostages to Oil, John Pilger, Pilger on Venezuela, Venezuela's Oil Booty, War on VenezuelaLeave a comment on Veteran Truth Teller John Pilger Takes a Critical Look at the Venezuelan Crisis Consider Disregarding Everything You’ve Been Told about Venezuela–2/2 This Feb. 15 report from The Real News affirms that recognition of Guidó’s “government” violates international law. American Diplomatic and Military Firepower Has Brought About Regime Change in Several Latin American Countries and Venezuela Is Next on Their List Admittedly, the Americans did achieve regime change in Chile, El Salvador, Argentina, Guatemala and other smaller places, though they failed notably in Cuba despite decades of furibund efforts. The case of Guatemala is fascinating. After financing, training and arming an army of thugs to wipe out tens of thousands of indigenous Guatemalans they found that their most effective weapon was old-time religion in the form of American fundamentalist Pentecostal and Evangelical missionaries. Today the latest in a series of born-again Guatemalan presidents, Jimmy Morales, seems to be cut from Trumpian cloth with a checkered history of economic, political and sexual irregularities. So, according to the usual Washington wisdom, the government of twice-elected President Nicolas Madero–with one of those elections certified free and fair by America’s own Jimmy Carter–is on its last legs. If events follow the script he will soon be replaced, in a curious excercise of auto-appointment, by a young man who recently stepped into the Venezuelan political limelite out of nowhere. Where do these right-wing nowhere men come from, anyway? Contrary to what the mainline media would have us believe, he did not show up by accident or coincidence. The National Security Council’s most-recent pop-up nowhere man is Juan Guaidó and the following account of his overnight rise to notoriety is based on a long article by investigative journalists, Dan Cohen and Max Blumenthal, published on the latter’s Grayzone Project website. It’s entitled: The Making of Juan Guaidó: How the US Regime Change Laboratory Created Venezuela’s Coup Leader. (I heartily recommend reading the full article. Here’s the link.) Here’s Where “President” Guaidó Comes From According to Cohen and Blumenthal, “Juan Guaidó is the product of a decade-long project overseen by Washington’s elite regime change trainers. While posing as a champion of democracy, he has spent years at the forefront of a violent campaign of destabilization.” Here are just a few of the points that Blumenthal and Cohen make in their article, details that the sanitized media has not seen fit to publish: Only a few months ago, the 35-year-old was an obscure character in a politically marginal far-right group closely associated with gruesome acts of street violence. But after a single phone call from from US Vice President Mike Pence, Guaidó proclaimed himself president of Venezuela. Anointed as the leader of his country by Washington, a previously unknown political bottom-dweller was vaulted onto the international stage as the US-selected leader of the nation with the world’s largest oil reserves. While Guaidó seemed to have materialized out of nowhere, he was, in fact, the product of more than a decade of assiduous grooming by the US government’s elite regime change factories. Alongside a cadre of right-wing student activists, Guaidó was cultivated to undermine Venezuela’s socialist-oriented government, destabilize the country, and one day seize power. In 2002, Venezuela’s right-wing opposition briefly ousted Chávez with US support and recognition, before the military restored his presidency following a mass popular mobilization. Throughout the administrations of US Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, Chávez survived numerous assassination plots, before succumbing to cancer in 2013. His successor, Nicolas Maduro, has survived three attempts on his life. On October 5, 2005, with Chávez’s popularity at its peak and his government planning sweeping socialist programs, five Venezuelan “student leaders” arrived in Belgrade, Serbia to begin training for an insurrection. The students had arrived from Venezuela courtesy of the Center for Applied Non-Violent Action and Strategies, or CANVAS. This group is funded largely through the National Endowment for Democracy, a CIA cut-out that functions as the US government’s main arm of promoting regime change; and offshoots like the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. And there are 32 richly-illustrated pages more, here.. The Economic Route to Regime Change In an article by Marjorie Cohn published in Truthout.com on February 2, 2019, she says: From engineering coups in Chile and Guatemala, to choreographing a troop landing at the Bay of Pigs intended to establish an exile government in Cuba, to training Latin American strongmen at the School of the Americas in torture techniques to control their people, the United States has meddled, interfered, intervened and undermined the democracies it claims to protect. Now, Vice President Mike Pence, CIA Director Mike Pompeo, National Security Adviser John Bolton, Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Florida) and the infamous Elliott Abrams are working with opposition groups in Venezuela to carry out a coup d’état. She adds: In addition to the oil sanctions, the US State Department turned over control of Venezuela’s property and bank accounts in the United States to Guaidó, in what The New York Times called “one of Washington’s most overt attempts in decades to carry out regime change in Latin America.” According to Cohn, the former UN Special Rapporteur, Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, says the United States is waging “economic warfare” against Venezuela. In his report to the Human Rights Council, de Zayas recommends that the International Criminal Court investigate whether “economic war, embargoes, financial blockades and sanctions regimes amount to geopolitical crimes and crimes against humanity under Article 7 of the Rome Statute.” The Not-So-Inevitable Endgame Venezuela has the world’s largest oil reserves, and the United States, lying just 2,799 miles across the Caribbean to the north, is its biggest customer. Wouldn’t it be convenient if American petroleum interests could somehow “annex” all that Venezuelan oil by installing a “cooperative” government in its southern neighbor? The legal and moral implications of such a move are irrelevant as far as the Trump administration is concerned. But, “somehow,” remains the question. Go back to Part 1 Thanks for following, commenting and sharing. Author Michael BoothPosted on February 20, 2019 February 21, 2019 Categories American Manipulation Venezuela, American Regime Change, Regime Change Team, Regime Change Venezuela, Venezuela Regime Change, Venezuela Resists AssaultTags Defending Venezuela's Constitution, Eliott Abrams Venezuela, John Bolton Venezuela, Marco Rubio Venezuela, Mike Pompeo Venezuela, Venezuelan Oil GrabLeave a comment on Consider Disregarding Everything You’ve Been Told about Venezuela–2/2 Let’s Look Beyond the Sterilized Media for the Truth about US Efforts to Destabilize Venezuela After more than 20 years of overt and covert hostile actions in Venezuela the US and its allies are finally ready to close the deal on another vanquished Latin American country. It looks to them like a slam-dunk, but it might not be so simple, despite the national-security dream team appointed by President Donald Trump to run the show. Before we go any further, let’s take a brief look at their rap sheets: Retired State Department veteran, Eliot Abrams–Abrams, President Trump’s recently-appointed “Special Envoy to Venezuela” and chief of the team, has a history that dates back to the Reagan presidency when, according to Eric Alterman writing in The Nation on 2 February, 2017, he spent his time “abetting genocide” and was actually convicted in court of lying to Congress regarding his role in the Iran-Contra affair. (He was later pardoned by George H.W. Bush.) In a world-class show of irony Abrams, just before he was named Ronald Reagan’s “assistant secretary of state for human rights,” aided Guatemala’s dictator–and mass murderer–General Efraín Ríos Montt in planning and executing “acts of genocide” against the indigenous people in the Ixil region of the department of Quiché. But Abram’s most egregious performance as a State Department agent during the Reagan administration was his skillful coverup of the El Mozote massacre that occured in El Salvador in December of 1981, a barbarous incident he was reminded of just the other day by Rep. Ilhan Omar in questioning during the House Foreign Affairs subcommittee hearing on Venezuela. In that little Salvadorean town members of the U.S.-backed Salvadoran army, allegedly during a hunt for leftist guerrillas, slaughtered at least 800 civilians as part of its brutal counterinsurgency. This graphic witness account of the atrocity appears in the Washington Post: “We could hear the women being raped on the hills,” one witness told journalist Mark Danner, author of The Massacre at El Mozote: A Parable of the Cold War. “And then, you know, the soldiers would pass by, coming from there, and they’d talk about it. You know, they were talking and joking, saying how much they liked the 12-year-olds.” On Wednesday, Abrams balked at Omar’s line of questioning, deeming it “ridiculous,” and ultimately refused to answer her questions.Nearly four decades after the El Mozote massacre, as a member of George W. Bush’s National Security Council staff, Abrams aided and abetted a military coup against the democratically-elected government of Venezuela. Though that 2002 golpe de estado was only briefly successful before being reversed by the Venezuelan military, it did succeed in souring the US relationship with Venezuela to this day. As Eric Alterman concludes in his article in The Nation, “If Abrams had abetted genocide against Jews instead of Guatemalans, it might not have disqualified him from a top diplomatic position in the Trump administration, but he would at least have been treated as a pariah in the media, the establishment, and, one certainly hopes, the world of professional Jews. These days, however, it’s hard to be certain of anything.” Secretary of State and ex-CIA Director Mike Pompeo–Pompeo is a member of the Republican Party and the Tea Party movement. After six years as a US Representative from Kansas, President Trump named him Secretary of State. In 2014 Pompeo, commenting on the inclusion of a telecast by Edward Snowden at the South by Southwest conference in Austin, Texas, requested that it be cancelled, predicting that it would encourage “lawless behavior” among attendees. (Andrea Drusch in Politico, 9 March, 2014). Two years later Pompeo was quoted as saying that Snowden “should be brought back from Russia and given due process, and I think the proper outcome would be that he would be given a death sentence” (Pete Kasperowicz, Washington Examiner, 11 February, 2016). Pompeo is a member of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church since 2000 and serves as a church deacon as well as teaching Sunday school (Katherine Burgess in the Wichita Eagle, 19 April, 2018). In 2015 in a talk at a church, Pompeo said that “politics is a never-ending struggle … until the Rapture.” One wonders if Pompeo’s Evangelical religious convictions extend to advocating all-out war in the Holy Land in order to precipitate the Apocalypse and propel his people–and himself–directly into Heaven. His posturing on the Iran issue would seem to suggest that. National Security Advisor, John Bolton–According to Wikipedia, Bolton has a formidable far-right pedigree. He is a former senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, senior advisor for Freedom Capital Investment Management, and a Fox News Channel commentator. He is also involved with a number of right-wing think tanks, policy institutes and special interest groups, including the Institute of East-West Dynamics, the National Rifle Association, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, the Project for the New American Century, the Jewish Institute for National Security of America, the Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf, the Council for National Policy, and the Gatestone Institute. Google any one of these groups to see how it fits neatly into one of the most retrograde slots in the American political jigsaw puzzle. Moreover, Bolton’s consistent personal policy of advocating war around the world makes him a dangerous person to be sitting in the seat of President Trump’s National Security Advisor. It is an ironic position for a person who kept his head down during the Vietnam War, first in the Maryland Army National Guard and later in the U.S. Army Reserve. From 2013 until March 2018, this warmongering terrier was chairman of the Gatestone Institute, a nonprofit organization that has been criticized for disseminating false anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim information, where Bolton published articles on Iran and other topics. Senator Marco Rubio (R. Florida)–Marco Rubio’s claim to fame appears to be based on his rating of 98.67 by the American Conservative Union, based on his lifetime voting record in the Senate. If that’s not recommendation enough, according to the National Journal, in 2013 Rubio was the 17th most conservative senator. Why the Persecution of Venezuela? What motivates the Trump government to take such a truculent stance on Venezuela, anyway? First and foremost there are Venezuela’s oil reserves–the richest confirmed deposits in the world. Though they’re seldom mentioned in the polite company of the American media, they are certainly objectives of public and private American avarice. The Venezuelans are also blessed–or cursed–with fabulous veins of gold and diamonds. Another factor in the American badgering of Venezuela is its left-wing government, something no American politician of whatever stripe can countenance. Nevertheless, no member of President Trump’s Venezuela-regime-change team will ever mention these prima facie factors. They all maintain that their objective is to “defend the Venezuelan constitution.” Do you believe in the Tooth Fairy? What are their chances of success in toppling the Maduro government? In the words of William Arkin, author of Top Secret America and a cogent critique of the American policy of perpetual war, “Whenever the US bumbles into those countries, it fuels and galvanizes the opposition.” That’s what they discovered in Afghanistan and Iraq and what might well happen in Venezuela if push comes to shove. The ironic thing about the Americans’ armed visits to resource-rich countries is that, after decades of working off the same playbook, they still can’t get it right. In Iraq, for example, after winning the war by massive use of superior air power and bribing the commanding officers of Saddam’s elite Republican Guard, they ineptly paved the way for an elected Shiite government. They apparently forgot that Iran, adjacent to Iraq and the Americans’ principal enemy in the Middle East by their own estimation, was a solidly Shiite country with just a smattering of Sunni Moslems and Jews. Thus, by virtually delivering the Iraqi government to the Shiites, the American strategists succeeded in spectacularly strengthing the Iranians in the region. (Yes, thousands of Jews–the largest community in the Middle East outside of Israel– live peacefully in Iran.) Go to Part 2 Author Michael BoothPosted on February 18, 2019 February 21, 2019 Categories Juan Guaidó, Nicolás Maduro Venezuela, Press Crucifies Venezuela, US Destabilizes Venezuela, Venezuela Regime Change, Venezuela Resists AssaultTags Elliott Abrams, Free World Manipulation, Juan Guaidó, Marco Rubio, Media Bias Venezuela, Nicolas Maduro, US Media Amnesia1 Comment on Consider Disregarding Everything You’ve Been Told about Venezuela–1/2	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16684
__label__wiki	0.866812	0.866812	Since its original printing in 1952, the publication of the Handbook of Texas has been made possible through the support of its users. As an independent nonprofit, TSHA relies on your contributions to close the funding gap for the online Handbook and keep it a freely accessible resource for users worldwide. Please make a donation today to preserve the most comprehensive encyclopedic resource on Texas history. Donate Today » ZAVALLA, TX Megan Biesele ZAVALLA, TEXAS. Zavalla, originally called Zavalla Prairie, is at the intersection of U.S. Highway 69 and State Highway 63, twenty-five miles southeast of Lufkin in southeastern Angelina County. Zavalla is not to be confused with the Zavala, which lies just over the Jasper county line. Zavalla was established in 1900 on the Texas and New Orleans Railroad, which was owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad and extended from Rockland to Dallas. The community was named for its location on the empresario grant made to Lorenzo de Zavala. By 1901 Zavalla had a sawmill established by Amos Hodge to exploit extensive nearby tracts of longleaf pine timber. Several other sawmills and a turpentine camp belonging to Benton McMillan rounded out the timber industries there. Zavalla was also a rail shipping point for wood products. Livestock raising and farming also contributed to the early economy. Cotton was the main money crop. J. A. Barge, Sr., established an active cotton gin at Zavalla. The town's first business was a saloon built by Josh Lott. Later, general merchandise stores were built by James Fondren, Fred Rodrigues, and R. C. (Cal) Brashears. Alex Sumrall, an early postmaster, also began the town's first drugstore. The post office was established on January 19, 1901, with Jesse C. Fondren as postmaster. In 1928 Zavalla was the center of the Texas naval stores business, which relied upon local pine resins and turpentine. In the 1930s Xact Clays (later Magcobar and, later still, Dresser Industries) began to process local clays for use in oil well drilling mud. Also in the 1930s one of two experimental tung orchards in Texas was planted near Zavalla. By 1936 it was the only orchard in Texas producing tung, from which is extracted an oil used in furniture polish, lacquer, and other products. In the 1930s the tung orchards of China were not able to meet the world's needs, and it was thought that tung plantations in Angelina and surrounding counties might someday prove highly profitable. The population of Zavalla varied between 100 and 200 during the first decades of the twentieth century. It increased to 450 by 1945 and reached its peak at 900 in 1974–75, when Zavalla had fifteen businesses. The community was incorporated in 1975, when population growth associated with nearby Sam Rayburn Reservoir prompted the organization of a city government. C. M. Cryer was the first mayor. The population declined to 726 by 1980. In the mid-1980s Zavalla had two schools, several churches (predominantly Baptist and Pentecostal), and a number of businesses. In 1990 the population was 701. The population was 647 in 2000. Angelina County Historical Survey Committee, Land of the Little Angel: A History of Angelina County, Texas, ed. Bob Bowman (Lufkin, Texas: Lufkin Printing, 1976). Beaumont Enterprise, November 4, 1975. Lufkin Daily News, August 16, 1936. Kathleen E. and Clifton R. St. Clair, eds., Little Towns of Texas (Jacksonville, Texas: Jayroe Graphic Arts, 1982). Handbook of Texas Online, Megan Biesele, "ZAVALLA, TX," accessed July 18, 2019, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hlz02. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Modified on April 12, 2019. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. For more information about towns and counties including physical features, statistics, weather, maps and much more, visit the Town Database on TexasAlmanac.com!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16687
__label__cc	0.564063	0.435937	DMCA Notice & Takedown Policy and Procedures This website ("SITE") qualifies as a "Service Provider" within the meaning of 17 U.S.C. # 512(k)(1) of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"). Accordingly, it is entitled to certain protections from claims of copyright infringement under the DMCA, commonly referred to as the "safe harbor" provisions. We respect the intellectual property of others, and we ask our users to do the same. Accordingly, we observe and comply with the DMCA, and have adopted the following Notice and Takedown Policy relating to claims of copyright infringement by our customers, subscribers or users. 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__label__wiki	0.766752	0.766752	Henry VIII marries Katherine Parr July 12, 2015 July 12, 2015 Carolina Casas Henry VIII (Meyers) and Katherine Parr (Richardson) in “The Tudors” s4. Henry VIII married Katherine Parr at the Queen’s Privy Closet on Hampton Court Palace on July 12th 1543. Katherine Parr was Henry VIII’s sixth wife. She was a rich widow who’d been married twice, first to Sir Edward Burgh and then to John Neville, Lord Latimer. In Katherine Parr, Henry VIII got a Consort who many agreed was worthy of her position. The Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys who was very critical of the English court, had nothing but good things to say of her, saying that besides Queen Katherine of Aragon, Katherine Parr was the only other wife worthy of being Queen. There were some rumors that Henry’s fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, now the King’s sister, was very angry when she found out that Henry chose the Lady Latimer as his next consort. She reputedly said that she could not understand why he did this when she (Anne) was more attractive. We have to be careful to take these sources as the ultimate truth. It could be that Anne felt jealous because Henry chose someone she didn’t consider beautiful, or she simply didn’t approve of Katherine. Regardless of this, Henry’s new Queen had many notable qualities. Born in 1512, she was a close friend of the Lady Mary who was four years her junior. She was a descendant of Edward III through her father Thomas Parr, and related to the King’s great-grandmother Elizabeth Woodville, through her mother Maud Parr (who had served under the first Queen Katherine and stayed loyal through her throughout Henry’s marriage to Anne). It is very possible that she was named after Henry’s first wife who made education for girls fashionable, and like her namesake, she followed in her footsteps. Katherine Parr’s badge in the center displays a fair maiden crowned and springing from a Tudor rose. The marriage contract had been drawn up two days before by Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury. The ceremony had been conducted by Bishop Gardiner “in the presence of noble and gentle persons” being “private” and “without ceremony”. There is no record of what Katherine Parr wore to the ceremony but records display the names of the people present. Among them was her family, including her brother William Herbert and the Earl of Hertford and his wife Anne Stanhope. The Earl of Hertford, Edward Seymour was brother to Sir Thomas Seymour, the man that Katherine wished to marry. He was obviously not present because the King had sent him abroad so he could marry Katherine. Other guests included Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk (married to the King’s best friend and brother-in-law, Charles Brandon), John Dudley’s wife Jane, the King’s niece Margaret Douglas, and his daughters the ladies Mary and Elizabeth Tudor. The vows that had been written for the King and Queen-to-be are still went as followed: “I. Henry, take thee, Katherine to my wedded wife to have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, till death do us part, and thereto I plight thee my troth” “I, Katherine, take thee Henry to my wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to be Bonaire and buxom in bed and at board, till death do us part, and thereto I plight unto thee my troth.” These words are still being used for Anglican weddings. After the King and Queen said their vows, the King put on her wedding ring, then the Bishop pronounced them man and wife. Katherine Parr People noted how Henry spoke his vows “with a joyful countenance”. A member of Katherine’s household once said that her “rare goodness” made “every day a Sunday.” Everyone soon found out this was true. The new Queen was intelligent and lively. She loved to dance and dress in the latest fashions, and engage in good debate, as well as enjoy a good poetry book. And what was more, she got along with all of her royal stepchildren, especially the Lady Mary Tudor whom she spent more time (since the two were closer in age). She had been very influential making sure that Prince Edward’s tutors continued with his Protestant instruction, and she developed a relationship with the youngest Tudor that influenced her in more ways than one. Her chaplain Francis Goldsmith remarked that “God has so formed her mind for pious studies, that she considers everything of small value compared to Christ. Her rare goodness has made every day like Sunday, a thing hitherto unheard of, especially in a royal palace. Her piety cherishes the religion long since introduced, not without great labor, to the palace”. She surrounded herself with other religious intellections such as George Day, the Bishop of Chichester who worked as her almoner, and the humanist Sir Anthony Cope who acted as her vice-chamberlain. It is also worth to point out that during her time as Queen, Henry VIII restored his daughters to the line of succession. Lady Elizabeth Tudor Linda Porter in her latest book Tudors vs Stewarts notes that “in observing Katherine Parr as regent and Queen consort, Elizabeth learned a good deal about how women could think for themselves and govern. She greatly admired her stepmother’s literary output and clearly discussed religious ideas with her when they met, which was not nearly often enough for Elizabeth’s liking”. Katherine Parr is the only other Consort besides Katherine of Aragon who was appointed Regent when Henry left to engage in another expensive war against France in 1544. Katherine Parr remarried almost immediately after Henry’s death to Sir Thomas Seymour who was elevated to Baron Sudeley after her stepson became King. Sadly, her life took a turn for the worst when she found her household embroiled in scandal. It is unclear what the nature of Thomas Seymour’s relationship with Elizabeth was, if he had forced himself on the fourteen year old, or if it was something else. But it upset Katherine greatly and although Thomas Seymour tried to make it up to her, in her delirium (after giving birth to her only daughter whom she named after her eldest royal stepdaughter) she blamed Thomas for all her ills. She died days after and her husband soon followed after he was involved in a plot to depose his brother the Lord Protector and Duke of Somerset. Their daughter, Mary Seymour probably died a year after in 1549. Great Harry: The Extravagant Life of Henry VIII by Carolly Erickson Katherine the Queen: The Remarkable Life of Katherine Parr, the Last Wife of Henry VIII by Linda Porter Henry VIII and his Court by Alison Weir 1543, 16th century, HERStory, History, Katherine Parr, marriage, Tudors1543, 16th century, Katherine parr, Marriage, Tudors Previous Article Mary Tudor and Jane Grey: Two Sides of the Same Coin Next Article Mary Tudor and Jane Grey: The Battle for the Crown One thought on “Henry VIII marries Katherine Parr” maltasun July 12, 2015 / 9:09 am I love your writing! Keep it up!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16689
__label__wiki	0.580061	0.580061	When Architecture Fails to Speak for Itself: The Château Laurier addition. Posted on June 15, 2018 \| Andrew Waldron \| Written on June 12, 2018 Chateau Laurier Imagine it is 2030 and over the past decade the Château Laurier addition has been derided not only for its misunderstanding of architecture, but for the City’s poor decision to allow this decorated box to be constructed. In 2030, visitors to the Capital are surprised that a generic rectangular box, clearly struggling to relate to the Picturesque Château, was ever built. They will ask: isn’t it a National Historic Site? Weren’t there strict controls? Didn’t it hold a symbolism and meaning that is part of the City’s identity that should be better respected? This future cannot be: an outside architect, who does not fully appreciate context, produces a weak design that is built because we lack awareness of our own architectural identity. Downtown Ottawa is composed of four quadrants: a federal precinct (north of Wellington and Mackenzie), a business core (south of Wellington), a former transportation hub (east of Sussex Drive) and a people’s market (the Byward Market). Each quadrant holds its own architectural expression. The federal quadrant is revivalist, with nationalist and historicist meanings that the original architects of the Château Laurier understood. The office towers of the central business core offer another expression – more functional and less inspired by an aesthetic approach to architecture. The Union Station, the Canal and the driveways are transport routes and buildings for the core. The Byward Market is a human-scaled pedestrian zone. What architectsAlliance and their conservation architects, ERA Architects, are proposing is the insertion of a functional, albeit now partially dressed, decorated box into the historicist precinct. They resist and ignore the conceptual and architectural language of this space. As version has followed version, it has become abundantly clear that the architects do not understand the place. They are misguided in understanding the identity of Ottawa and its relationship to landscape and the spectacle of this romanticized space. Good architecture speaks for itself. It is not defended for years by the designer. Good architecture may be challenging, radical and exciting, but that is not the story of this addition. It is a story of a resistant architect, and by consequence a resistant owner, neither of whom can see the values of the Chateau Laurier. Peter Clewes insists he is not interested in being popular (although his communication team released to the media that 70% of respondents support the latest design), and he considers Ottawa to be “fearful of change” and “skeptical of change” (“Château Laurier architect defends modernist addition,” CBC, June 11, 2018). Actually, it is not that change is feared, but that we do not want poor change – also known as a mistake. Rationalizing beauty is always a red flag, and this is what the architects are desperately trying to do after unveiling their fourth version of the design. Not only is the work now truly a decorated box, there is a paucity of beauty. Both Peter Clewes and Michael McLelland have at expert committees and City-controlled public consultations, explained their design as a modernist interpretation of the Picturesque and associational values of the Château Laurier. They have used poor examples (including the Louvre addition, Foster’s Reichstag and the urbanist addition to the Glasgow School of Art) as justifications for their decorated box. But all miss the fundamental flaws of their design: its lack of symbolic language; its massing relationship; its intellectual language; its ethical expression. The debate over the design is not one of ancients versus moderns – as Clewes (who is ‘award-winning’ – what architectural firm is not these days?) and their team have tried to frame the debate. It is, in fact, a debate about poetry and ethical poesis (or the ethics of creating). The morality and ethics of the architects’ imagination in understanding the cultural expression of early 20th century Canada, in all its complexity, is what should drive the design of the addition to the Chateau Laurier. Instead, what we have is an architect who is wishing to defend his design within a simplistic framework of modernist-versus-postmodernist world. Meaning, Clewes’ modernism is a counterpoint to the aesthetic superficiality of post-modern designs (or a 20th-century historicism that he likely abhorred in the 1980s). His argument does not truly respond to the public debate. The real debate is about the ethics of architecture and why the wealthy owners cannot resolve to listen to public and professional opinion on what is most appropriate for an addition. Clewes’ arguments for defending the design morphed as each iteration of the design was unveiled. His arguments have included: positioning the addition as contemporary while also respecting the Château Laurier’s heritage; that the addition is not an addition to the Château, but an object now related to the urban landscape of the park; that the glass block is a silhouette or shadow – or even the opposite, a “luminous palette” that does not compete or “overwhelm the heritage features” of the Château. A confident intelligent design does not constantly shift in justification to suit taste and fashion, whether it be for the general public or for the approval process. Earlier attempts at the addition were intended to be an abstraction of the Château’s architecture. Now, in the latest design, we have an abstraction that has lost its essence due to Clewes and his team’s desperate search for material ornament to appease those critical of the design (more specifically, the City of Ottawa’s Urban Design Review Panel). I suspect they will ultimately succeed since the City’s planning department will capitulate to almost any powerful landowner. Obviously, architecture is experienced in different ways than an artwork, but the concept of a work that is an object of beauty can be achieved. Additions are challenging, especially when the previous addition, (designed in 1928 by John S. Archibald with John Schofield) was a subtle, distinguishable wing that was praised and that the public enjoyed when unveiled. It used ornament to extend the language of the original building. Indeed, when the original owners were not satisfied with the first version of the Château Laurier in 1908, they fired the architect! An example recently sent to me was the insertion by Ptolemy Dean Architects at Westminster Abbey. An internal stair would have damaged the building’s historic fabric. In response, the Gothic abbey opted to create an external staircase to access the exhibition rooms. Though a small insertion to the site, the “steampunk” Neo-Gothic element is contemporary as well as historicist. It certainly would comply with the Standard 11 of the Standard & Guidelines. At this exasperating stage of the process, I would even entertain out of desperation a reproduction as an option (see Robert Stern’s Pauli Murray & Benjamin Franklin College, Yale University, 2017). Design can be symbolic and express its function. Clewes’ design is now frantically adding decoration – not ornament, in hopes of finally acquiring that precious building permit. This version of the addition still does not express the symbolism that is the Chateau Laurier. It is why it continues to fail as an addition and should not be built. The Château Laurier may be in private hands, but there is a public function to the building that must be understood in this debate. For a building type – the grand railway hotel – it is young, only a little more than a century old. But the significance of its expression is as equal to the cathedral-like qualities of the Parliament buildings. Attempts to build decorated boxes within the Parliamentary precinct have been proposed before. Can this neo-modernist box, now fully decorated and facing Majors Hill Park, become part of the narrative of our identity? I doubt it. In 2030, some of us will pine for the Château Laurier’s dignified qualities before the addition. We will be embarrassed to tell a younger generation of the addition’s failure to incite excitement and create a sense of place. We will need to explain to our visitors why it was a mistake. We will explain who the architects were and how Council at the time decided to allow this to happen, without understanding its design flaws. On the other hand, there is an election this year and perhaps Council will wish not to be remembered for a poor decision with major consequences for us all. The preferred option of an open, transparent, national competition, with public engagement which would lead to citizens embracing Larco’s participatory vision for one of their most beloved landmarks, could still occur if they simply halted this process. Andrew Waldron Mr. Waldron is a heritage conservation manager for a leading facilities and project management company in Canada. He has been a Parks Canada Superintendent, the Canadian Registrar of Historic Places and manager of... More	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16692
__label__wiki	0.967476	0.967476	American businessperson and politician Occupations Lawyer Politician Writer Entrepreneur Countries United States of America A.K.A. Rudolph Giuliani Birth May 28, 1944 (New York City, New York, U.S.A.) Politics Republican Party Spouse: Donna HanoverJudith Giuliani Education Manhattan College, New York University School of Law Authority IMDB id ISNI id Library of congress id VIAF id Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (/ˈruːdi ˌdʒuːliˈɑːni/; born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, public speaker, former mayor of New York City, and an informal adviser on cybersecurity to the White House. Politically a Democrat, then an Independent in the 1970s, and a Republican since the 1980s, Giuliani was the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York during the 1980s. Giuliani prosecuted pivotal cases against the American Mafia, and against corrupt corporate financiers. During his first term as mayor of New York City, Giuliani hired a new police commissioner, William Bratton, who applied the broken windows theory of urban decay, which holds that minor disorders and violations create a permissive atmosphere that leads to further and more serious crimes that can threaten the safety of a city. Within several years, Giuliani was widely credited for major improvements in the city's quality of life, and in lowering the rate of violent crimes. While still Mayor, Giuliani ran for the U.S. Senate in 2000; however, he withdrew from the race upon learning of his prostate cancer diagnosis. Giuliani was named Time magazine's Person of the Year for 2001, and was given an honorary knighthood in 2002 by the United Kingdom's Queen Elizabeth II for his leadership in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001. In 2002, Giuliani founded Giuliani Partners (security consulting), acquired and later sold Giuliani Capital Advisors (investment banking), and joined a Texas firm while opening a Manhattan office for the firm renamed Bracewell & Giuliani (legal services). Giuliani sought the Republican Party's 2008 presidential nomination, and was considered the early front runner in the race, before withdrawing from the race to endorse the eventual nominee, John McCain. Giuliani was considered a potential candidate for New York Governor in 2010 and for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012. Giuliani declined all races, and instead remained in the business sector. On January 12, 2017, then President-elect Trump named Giuliani his informal cybersecurity adviser. Giuliani was born in an Italian-American enclave in East Flatbush in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, the only child of working-class parents, Harold Angelo Giuliani (1908–1981) and Helen Giuliani (née D'Avanzo; 1909–2002), both children of Italian immigrants. He was raised a Roman Catholic. Harold Giuliani, a plumber and a bartender, had trouble holding a job, and was convicted of felony assault and robbery, serving time in Sing Sing. After his release he worked as an enforcer for his brother-in-law Leo D'Avanzo, who ran an organized crime operation involved in loan sharking and gambling at a restaurant in Brooklyn. The family lived in East Flatbush, Brooklyn until Harold died of prostate cancer in 1981, after which time Helen moved to Manhattan's Upper East Side. Helen was featured in a television commercial to promote her son in the 1993 Mayoral Election. In 1951, when Giuliani was seven, his family moved from Brooklyn to Garden City South, where he attended the local Catholic school, St. Anne's. Later, he commuted back to Brooklyn to attend Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School, graduating in 1961. Giuliani attended Manhattan College in Riverdale, Bronx, where he majored in political science with a minor in philosophy. There he considered becoming a priest. Giuliani was elected president of his class in his sophomore year, but was not re-elected in his junior year. He joined the Phi Rho Pi fraternity. He graduated in 1965. Giuliani eventually decided to forego the priesthood, instead attending New York University School of Law in Manhattan, where he made the NYU Law Review and graduated cum laude with a Juris Doctor degree in 1968. Giuliani started his political life as a Democrat. He volunteered for Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1968. He also worked as a Democratic Party committeeman on Long Island in the mid-1960s, and voted for George McGovern for president in 1972. Legal career Upon graduation, Giuliani clerked for Judge Lloyd Francis MacMahon, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. Giuliani did not serve in the military during the Vietnam War. His conscription was deferred while he was enrolled at Manhattan College and NYU Law. Upon graduation from the latter in 1968, he was classified by the Selective Service System as 1-A, available for military service. He applied for a deferment but was rejected. In 1969, Judge MacMahon wrote a letter to Giuliani's draft board, asking that he be reclassified as 2-A, civilian occupation deferment, because Giuliani, who was a law clerk for MacMahon, was an essential employee. The deferment was granted. In 1970, Giuliani received a high draft lottery number; he was not called up for service although by then he had been reclassified 1-A. In 1970, Giuliani joined the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York. In 1973, he was named Chief of the Narcotics Unit and became executive U.S. attorney. In 1975, Giuliani switched his party registration from Democratic to Independent as he was recruited to Washington, D.C. during the Ford administration, where he was named Associate Deputy Attorney General and chief of staff to Deputy Attorney General Harold "Ace" Tyler. His first high-profile prosecution was of Democratic U.S. Representative Bertram L. Podell (NY-13), who was convicted of corruption. From 1977 to 1981, during the Carter Administration, Giuliani practiced law at the Patterson, Belknap, Webb and Tyler law firm, as chief of staff to his previous DC boss, Ace Tyler. Tyler later became critical of Giuliani's turn as a prosecutor, calling his tactics "overkill". On December 8, 1980, one month after the election of Ronald Reagan brought Republicans back to power in Washington, he switched his party affiliation from Independent to Republican. Giuliani later said the switches were because he found Democratic policies "naïve", and that "by the time I moved to Washington, the Republicans had come to make more sense to me". Others suggested that the switches were made in order to get positions in the Justice Department. Giuliani's mother maintained in 1988 that: He only became a Republican after he began to get all these jobs from them. He's definitely not a conservative Republican. He thinks he is, but he isn't. He still feels very sorry for the poor. In 1981, Giuliani was named Associate Attorney General in the Reagan administration, the third-highest position in the Department of Justice. As Associate Attorney General, Giuliani supervised the U.S. Attorney Offices' federal law enforcement agencies, the Department of Corrections, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the United States Marshals Service. In a well-publicized 1982 case, Giuliani testified in defense of the federal government's "detention posture" regarding the internment of over 2,000 Haitian asylum seekers who had entered the country illegally. The U.S. government disputed the assertion that most of the detainees had fled their country due to political persecution, alleging instead that they were "economic migrants". In defense of the government's position, Giuliani testified that "political repression, at least in general, does not exist" under President of Haiti Jean-Claude Duvalier's regime. In 1983, Giuliani was appointed U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, which was technically a demotion but was sought by Giuliani because of his desire to personally litigate cases. It was in this position that he first gained national prominence by prosecuting numerous high-profile cases, resulting in the convictions of Wall Street figures Ivan Boesky and Michael Milken. He also focused on prosecuting drug dealers, organized crime, and corruption in government. He amassed a record of 4,152 convictions and 25 reversals. As a federal prosecutor, Giuliani was credited with bringing the "perp walk", parading of suspects in front of the previously alerted media, into common use as a prosecutorial tool. After Giuliani "patented the perp walk", the tool was used by increasing numbers of prosecutors nationwide. Giuliani's critics claim he arranged public arrests of people, then dropped charges for lack of evidence on high-profile cases rather than going to trial. In a few cases, his public arrests of alleged white-collar criminals at their workplaces with charges later dropped or lessened, sparked controversy, and damaged the reputations of the alleged "perps". He claimed veteran stock trader Richard Wigton, of Kidder, Peabody & Co., was guilty of insider trading; in February 1987 he had officers handcuff Wigton and march him through the company's trading floor, with Wigton in tears. Giuliani had his agents arrest Tim Tabor, a young arbitrageur and former colleague of Wigton, so late that he had to stay overnight in jail before posting bond. Within three months, charges were dropped against both Wigton and Tabor; Giuliani said, "We're not going to go to trial. We're just the tip of the iceberg", but no further charges were forthcoming and the investigation did not end until Giuliani's successor was in place. Giuliani's high-profile raid of the Princeton/Newport firm ended with the defendants having their cases overturned on appeal on the grounds that what they had been convicted of were not crimes. Mafia Commission trial In the Mafia Commission Trial (February 25, 1985 – November 19, 1986), Giuliani indicted eleven organized crime figures, including the heads of New York's so-called "Five Families", under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) on charges including extortion, labor racketeering, and murder for hire. Time magazine called this "Case of Cases" possibly "the most significant assault on the infrastructure of organized crime since the high command of the Chicago Mafia was swept away in 1943", and quoted Giuliani's stated intention: "Our approach is to wipe out the five families." Eight defendants were found guilty on all counts and subsequently sentenced on January 13, 1987 to hundreds of years of prison time. According to an FBI memo revealed about 20 years later, leaders of the five New York mob families voted in 1987 on whether to issue a contract for the death of U.S. attorney Rudolph Giuliani. Heads of the Lucchese, Bonanno, and Genovese families rejected the idea, though Gambino leader John Gotti encouraged assassination. Boesky, Milken trials Ivan Boesky was a Wall Street arbitrageur who had amassed a fortune of about $200 million by betting on corporate takeovers. He was investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for making investments based on tips received from corporate insiders. These stock and options acquisitions were sometimes brazen, with massive purchases occurring only a few days before a corporation announced a takeover. Although insider trading of this kind was illegal, laws prohibiting it were rarely enforced until Boesky was prosecuted. Boesky cooperated with the SEC and informed on several others, including junk bond trader Michael Milken. Per agreement with Giuliani, Boesky received a 3 1⁄2-year prison sentence along with a $100 million fine. In 1989, Giuliani charged Milken under the RICO Act with 98 counts of racketeering and fraud. In a highly publicized case, Milken was indicted by a grand jury on these charges. Mayoral campaigns Giuliani was U.S. Attorney until January 1989, resigning as the Reagan Administration ended. He garnered criticism until he left office for his handling of cases, and was accused of prosecuting cases to further his political ambitions. He joined the law firm White & Case in New York City as a partner. He remained with White & Case until May 1990, when he joined the law firm Anderson Kill Olick & Oshinsky, also in New York City. Giuliani first ran for New York City Mayor in 1989, attempting to unseat three-term incumbent Ed Koch. He won the September 1989 Republican Party primary election against business magnate Ronald Lauder, in a campaign marked by claims that Giuliani was not a true Republican and by an acrimonious debate. In the Democratic primary, Koch was upset by Manhattan Borough President David Dinkins. In the general election, Giuliani ran as the fusion candidate of both the Republican and Liberal Parties. The Conservative Party, which had often co-lined the Republican party candidate, withheld support from Giuliani and ran Lauder instead. Conservative Party leaders were unhappy with Giuliani on ideological grounds. They cited the Liberal Party's endorsement statement that Giuliani "agreed with the Liberal Party's views on affirmative action, gay rights, gun control, school prayer and tuition tax credits." During two televised debates, Giuliani framed himself as an agent of change, saying, "I'm the reformer", that "If we keep going merrily along, this city's going down", and that electing Dinkins would represent "more of the same, more of the rotten politics that have been dragging us down". Giuliani pointed out that Dinkins had not filed a tax return for many years and of several other ethical missteps, in particular a stock transfer to his son. Dinkins filed several years of returns and said the tax matter had been fully paid off, denied other wrongdoing, and said that "what we need is a mayor, not a prosecutor", and that Giuliani refused to say "the R-word—he doesn't like to admit he's a Republican." Dinkins won the endorsements of three of the four daily New York newspapers, while Giuliani won approval from the New York Post. In the end, Giuliani lost to Dinkins by a margin of 47,080 votes out of 1,899,845 votes cast, in the closest election in New York City's history. The closeness of the race was particularly noteworthy considering the small percentage of New York City residents who are registered Republicans and resulted in Giuliani being the presumptive nominee for a re-match with Dinkins at the next election. Four years after he was beaten by Dinkins, Giuliani again ran for mayor. Once again, Giuliani also ran on the Liberal Party line but not the Conservative Party line, which ran activist George Marlin. The city was suffering from a spike in unemployment associated with the nationwide recession, with local unemployment rates going from 6.7% in 1989 to 11.1% in 1992, although crime rates had already begun to decline under Dinkins. Giuliani promised to focus the police department on shutting down petty crimes and nuisances as a way of restoring the quality of life: It's the street tax paid to drunks and panhandlers. It's the squeegee men shaking down the motorist waiting at a light. It's the trash storms, the swirling mass of garbage left by peddlers and panhandlers, and open-air drug bazaars on unclean streets. Dinkins and Giuliani never debated during the campaign, because they were never able to agree on how to approach a debate. Dinkins was endorsed by The New York Times and Newsday, while Giuliani was endorsed by the New York Post and, in a key switch from 1989, the Daily News. Giuliani came to visit the late Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, seeking his blessing and endorsement. Giuliani won by a margin of 53,367 votes. He became the first Republican elected Mayor of New York City since John Lindsay in 1965. Giuliani's opponent in 1997 was Democratic Manhattan Borough President Ruth Messinger, who had beaten Al Sharpton in the September 9, 1997 Democratic primary. In the general election, Giuliani once again had the Liberal Party and not the Conservative Party listing. Giuliani ran an aggressive campaign, parlaying his image as a tough leader who had cleaned up the city. Giuliani's popularity was at its highest point to date, with a late October 1997 Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showing him as having a 68 percent approval rating; 70 percent of New Yorkers were satisfied with life in the city and 64 percent said things were better in the city compared to four years previously. Throughout the campaign he was well ahead in the polls and had a strong fund-raising advantage over Messinger. On her part, Messinger lost the support of several usually Democratic constituencies, including gay organizations and large labor unions. The local daily newspapers—The New York Times, Daily News, New York Post and Newsday—all endorsed Giuliani over Messinger. In the end, Giuliani won 59% of the vote to Messinger's 41%, and became the first registered Republican to win a second term as mayor while on the Republican line since Fiorello H. La Guardia in 1941. Voter turnout was the lowest in 12 years, with 38% of registered voters casting ballots. The margin of victory included gains in his share of the African American vote (20% compared to 1993's 5%) and the Hispanic vote (43% from 37%) while maintaining his base of white ethnic, Catholic and Jewish voters from 1993. Mayoralty Giuliani served as mayor of New York City from 1994 through 2001. In Giuliani's first term as mayor, the New York City Police Department at the instigation of Commissioner Bill Bratton adopted an aggressive enforcement/deterrent strategy based on James Q. Wilson's "Broken Windows" approach. This involved crackdowns on relatively minor offenses such as graffiti, turnstile jumping, cannabis possession, and aggressive panhandling by "squeegee men", on the theory that this would send a message that order would be maintained. The legal underpinning for removing the "squeegee men" from the streets was developed under Giuliani's predecessor, Mayor David Dinkins. Bratton, with Deputy Commissioner Jack Maple, also created and instituted CompStat, a computer-driven comparative statistical approach to mapping crime geographically and in terms of emerging criminal patterns, as well as charting officer performance by quantifying criminal apprehensions. Critics of the system assert that it creates an environment in which police officials are encouraged to underreport or otherwise manipulate crime data. The CompStat initiative won the 1996 Innovations in Government Award from the Kennedy School of Government. National, New York City, and other major city crime rates (1990–2002). During Giuliani's administration, crime rates dropped in New York City, which Giuliani's presidential campaign website credited to his leadership. The extent to which Giuliani deserves the credit is disputed. Crime rates in New York City had started to drop in 1991 under previous mayor David Dinkins, three years before Giuliani took office. The rates of most crimes, including all categories of violent crime, made consecutive declines during the last 36 months of Dinkins's four-year term, ending a 30-year upward spiral. A small nationwide drop in crime preceded Giuliani's election, and some critics say that he may have been the beneficiary of a trend already in progress. Additional contributing factors to the overall decline in New York City crime during the 1990s were the addition of 7,000 officers to the NYPD, lobbied for and hired by the Dinkins administration, and an overall improvement in the national economy. Changing demographics were a key factor contributing to crime rate reductions, which were similar across the country during this time. Because the crime index is based on that of the FBI, which is self-reported by police departments, some have alleged that crimes were shifted into categories that the FBI doesn't collect. Giuliani's supporters cite studies concluding that the decline in New York City's crime rate in the 1990s and 2000s exceeds all national figures and therefore should be linked with a local dynamic that was not present as such anywhere else in the country: what University of California sociologist Frank Zimring calls "the most focused form of policing in history". In his book The Great American Crime Decline, Zimring argues that "up to half of New York's crime drop in the 1990s, and virtually 100 percent of its continuing crime decline since 2000, has resulted from policing." Bratton was featured on the cover of Time in 1996. Giuliani reportedly forced Bratton out after two years, in what was generally seen as a battle of two large egos in which Giuliani was not tolerant of Bratton's celebrity. Bratton went on to become chief of the Los Angeles Police Department. Giuliani's term also saw allegations of civil rights abuses and other police misconduct under other commissioners after Bratton's departure. There were police shootings of unarmed suspects, and the scandals surrounding the torture of Abner Louima and the killings of Amadou Diallo and Patrick Dorismond. Giuliani supported the New York Police Department, for example by releasing what he called Dorismond's "extensive criminal record" to the public, including a sealed juvenile file. The Giuliani administration advocated the privatization of failing public schools and increasing school choice through a voucher-based system. Giuliani supported protection for illegal immigrants. He continued a policy of preventing city employees from contacting the Immigration and Naturalization Service about immigration violations, on the grounds that illegal aliens should be able to take actions such as sending their children to school or reporting crimes to the police without fear of deportation. During his mayoralty, gay and lesbian New Yorkers received domestic partnership rights. Giuliani induced the city's Democratic-controlled New York City Council, which had avoided the issue for years, to pass legislation providing broad protection for same-sex partners. In 1998, he codified local law by granting all city employees equal benefits for their domestic partners. Appointees as defendants Several of Giuliani's appointees to head City agencies became defendants in criminal proceedings. In 2000, Giuliani appointed 34-year-old Russell Harding, the son of Liberal Party of New York leader and longtime Giuliani mentor Raymond Harding, to head the New York City Housing Development Corporation, although Harding had neither a college degree nor relevant experience. In 2005, Harding pleaded guilty to defrauding the Housing Development Corporation and to possession of child pornography. He was sentenced to five years in prison. Russell Harding committed suicide in 2012. In a related matter, Richard Roberts, appointed by Giuliani as Housing Commissioner and as chairman of the Health and Hospitals Corporation, pleaded guilty to perjury after lying to a grand jury about a car that Harding bought for him with City funds. Giuliani was a longtime backer of Bernard Kerik, who started out as a NYPD detective driving for Giuliani's campaign. Giuliani appointed him as the Commissioner of the Department of Correction and then as the Police Commissioner. Giuliani was also the godfather to Kerik's two youngest children. After Giuliani left office, Kerik was subject to state and federal investigations resulting in his pleading guilty in 2006, in a Bronx Supreme Court, to two unrelated ethics violations. Kerik was ordered to pay $221,000 in fines. Kerik then pleaded guilty in 2009, in a New York district court, to eight federal charges, including tax fraud and false statements, and on February 18, 2010, he was sentenced to four years in federal prison. Giuliani was not implicated in any of the proceedings. 2000 U.S. Senate campaign Giuliani campaigned for Senate in 2000 before withdrawing after a cancer diagnosis Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor. In November 1998, four-term incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement and Giuliani immediately indicated an interest in running in the 2000 election for the now-open seat. Due to his high profile and visibility Giuliani was supported by the state Republican Party. Giuliani's entrance led Democratic Congressman Charles Rangel and others to recruit then-U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton to run for Moynihan's seat, hoping she might combat his star power. An early January 1999 poll showed Giuliani trailing Clinton by 10 points. In April 1999, Giuliani formed an exploratory committee in connection with the Senate run. By January 2000, Giuliani had reversed the polls situation, pulling nine points ahead after taking advantage of several campaign stumbles by Clinton. Nevertheless, the Giuliani campaign was showing some structural weaknesses; so closely identified with New York City, he had somewhat limited appeal to normally Republican voters in Upstate New York. The New York Police Department's fatal shooting of Patrick Dorismond in March 2000 inflamed Giuliani's already strained relations with the city's minority communities, and Clinton seized on it as a major campaign issue. By April 2000, reports showed Clinton gaining upstate and generally outworking Giuliani, who stated that his duties as mayor prevented him from campaigning more. Clinton was now 8 to 10 points ahead of Giuliani in the polls. Then followed four tumultuous weeks, in which Giuliani's medical life, romantic life, marital life, and political life all collided at once in a most visible fashion. Giuliani discovered that he had prostate cancer and needed treatment; his extramarital relationship with Judith Nathan became public and the subject of a media frenzy; he announced a separation from his wife Donna Hanover; and, after much indecision, on May 19, 2000 he announced his withdrawal from the Senate race. September 11 terrorist attacks Donald Rumsfeld and Giuliani at the site of the World Trade Center on November 14, 2001 Giuliani was prominent in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. He made frequent appearances on radio and television on September 11 and afterwards—for example, to indicate that tunnels would be closed as a precautionary measure, and that there was no reason to believe that the dispersion of chemical or biological weaponry into the air was a factor in the attack. In his public statements, Giuliani said: Tomorrow New York is going to be here. And we're going to rebuild, and we're going to be stronger than we were before... I want the people of New York to be an example to the rest of the country, and the rest of the world, that terrorism can't stop us. The 9/11 attacks occurred on the scheduled date of the mayoral primary to select the Democratic and Republican candidates to succeed Giuliani. The primary was immediately delayed two weeks to September 25. During this period, Giuliani sought an unprecedented three-month emergency extension of his term from January 1 to April 1 under the New York State Constitution (Article 3 Section 25). He threatened to challenge the law imposing term limits on elected city officials and run for another full four-year term, if the primary candidates did not consent to the extension of his mayoralty. In the end leaders in the State Assembly and Senate indicated that they did not believe the extension was necessary. The election proceeded as scheduled, and the winning candidate, the Giuliani-endorsed Republican convert Michael Bloomberg, took office on January 1, 2002 per normal custom. Giuliani claimed to have been at the Ground Zero site "as often, if not more, than most workers... I was there working with them. I was exposed to exactly the same things they were exposed to. So in that sense, I'm one of them." Some 9/11 workers have objected to those claims. While his appointment logs were unavailable for the six days immediately following the attacks, Giuliani spent a total of 29 hours over three months at the site. This contrasted with recovery workers at the site who spent this much time at the site in two to three days. Giuliani at a NYFPC briefing after 9/11 When Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal suggested that the attacks were an indication that the United States "should re-examine its policies in the Middle East and adopt a more balanced stand toward the Palestinian cause", Giuliani asserted, "There is no moral equivalent for this act. There is no justification for it... And one of the reasons I think this happened is because people were engaged in moral equivalency in not understanding the difference between liberal democracies like the United States, like Israel, and terrorist states and those who condone terrorism. So I think not only are those statements wrong, they're part of the problem." Giuliani subsequently rejected the prince's $10 million donation to disaster relief in the aftermath of the attack. Communication preparedness Giuliani has been widely criticized for his decision to locate the Office of Emergency Management headquarters on the 23rd floor inside the 7 World Trade Center building. Those opposing the decision perceived the office as a target for a terrorist attack in light of the previous terrorist attack against the World Trade Center in 1993. The office was unable to coordinate efforts between police and firefighters properly while evacuating its headquarters. Large tanks of diesel fuel were placed in 7 World Trade to power the command center. In May 1997, Giuliani put responsibility for selecting the location on Jerome M. Hauer, who had served under Giuliani from 1996 to 2000 before being appointed by him as New York City's first Director of Emergency Management. Hauer has taken exception to that account in interviews and provided Fox News and New York Magazine with a memo demonstrating that he recommended a location in Brooklyn but was overruled by Giuliani. Television journalist Chris Wallace interviewed Giuliani on May 13, 2007, about his 1997 decision to locate the command center at the World Trade Center. Giuliani laughed during Wallace's questions and said that Hauer recommended the World Trade Center site and claimed that Hauer said that the WTC site was the best location. Wallace presented Giuliani a photocopy of Hauer's directive letter. The letter urged Giuliani to locate the command center in Brooklyn, instead of lower Manhattan. The February 1996 memo read, "The [Brooklyn] building is secure and not as visible a target as buildings in Lower Manhattan." Giuliani at a joint session of Congress on September 20, 2001, in which President Bush praised his efforts as Mayor and named Tom Ridge to a new cabinet-level position to oversee homeland defense initiatives In January 2008, an eight-page memo was revealed which detailed the New York City Police Department's opposition in 1998 to location of the city's emergency command center at the Trade Center site. The Giuliani administration overrode these concerns. The 9/11 Commission Report noted that lack of preparedness could have led to the deaths of first responders at the scene of the attacks. The Commission noted that the radios in use by the fire department were the same radios which had been criticized for their ineffectiveness following the 1993 World Trade Center bombings. Family members of 9/11 victims have said that these radios were a complaint of emergency services responders for years. The radios were not working when Fire Department chiefs ordered the 343 firefighters inside the towers to evacuate, and they remained in the towers as the towers collapsed. However, when Giuliani testified before the 9/11 Commission he said that the firefighters ignored the evacuation order out of an effort to save lives. Giuliani testified to the Commission, where some family members of responders who had died in the attacks appeared to protest his statements. A 1994 mayoral office study of the radios indicated that they were faulty. Replacement radios were purchased in a $33 million no-bid contract with Motorola, and implemented in early 2001. However, the radios were recalled in March 2001 after a probationary firefighter's calls for help at a house fire could not be picked up by others at the scene, leaving firemen with the old analog radios from 1993. A book later published by Commission members Thomas Kean and Lee H. Hamilton, Without Precedent: The Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission, argued that the Commission had not pursued a tough enough line of questioning with Giuliani. An October 2001 study by the National Institute of Environmental Safety and Health said that cleanup workers lacked adequate protective gear. Public reaction In the wake of the attacks, Giuliani gained international attention and was widely hailed for his leadership during the crisis. When polled just six weeks after the attack Giuliani received a 79 percent approval rating among New York City voters, a dramatic increase over the 36 percent rating he had received a year earlier—average at the end of a two-term mayorship. Oprah Winfrey called him "America's Mayor" at a 9/11 memorial service held at Yankee Stadium on September 23, 2001. Other voices denied it was the mayor who had pulled the city together. "You didn't bring us together, our pain brought us together and our decency brought us together. We would have come together if Bozo was the mayor", said civil rights activist Al Sharpton, in a statement largely supported by Fernando Ferrer, one of three main candidates for the mayoralty at the end of 2001. "He was a power-hungry person", Sharpton also said. Time Person of the Year On December 24, 2001, Time magazine named Giuliani its Person of the Year for 2001. Time observed that, before 9/11, the public image of Giuliani had been that of a rigid, self-righteous, ambitious politician. After 9/11, and perhaps owing also to his bout with prostate cancer, his public image had been reformed to that of a man who could be counted on to unite a city in the midst of its greatest crisis. Historian Vincent J. Cannato concluded in September 2006: With time, Giuliani's legacy will be based on more than just 9/11. He left a city immeasurably better off—safer, more prosperous, more confident—than the one he had inherited eight years earlier, even with the smoldering ruins of the World Trade Center at its heart. Debates about his accomplishments will continue, but the significance of his mayoralty is hard to deny. Giuliani was praised by some for his close involvement with the rescue and recovery efforts, but others argue that "Giuliani has exaggerated the role he played after the terrorist attacks, casting himself as a hero for political gain." Giuliani has collected $11.4 million from speaking fees in a single year (with increased demand after the attacks). Before September 11, Giuliani's assets were estimated to be somewhat less than $2 million, but his net worth could now be as high as 30 times that amount. He has made most of his money since leaving office. Giuliani and New York City Fire Department at the New York Foreign Press Center Briefing on "New York City After September 11, 2001" For his leadership on and after September 11, Giuliani was given an honorary knighthood (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II on February 13, 2002. Giuliani initially downplayed the health effects arising from the September 11 attacks in the Financial District and lower Manhattan areas in the vicinity of the World Trade Center site. He moved quickly to reopen Wall Street, and it was reopened on September 17. In the first month after the attacks, he said "The air quality is safe and acceptable." However, in the weeks after the attacks, the United States Geological Survey identified hundreds of asbestos 'hot spots' of debris dust that remained on buildings. By the end of the month the USGS reported that the toxicity of the debris was akin to that of drain cleaner. It would eventually be determined that a wide swath of lower Manhattan and Brooklyn had been heavily contaminated by highly caustic and toxic materials. The city's health agencies, such as the Department of Environmental Protection, did not supervise or issue guidelines for the testing and cleanup of private buildings. Instead, the city left this responsibility to building owners. Giuliani and Secretary of State Colin Powell at the U.S. Delegation to OSCE’s Anti-Semitism Meeting in Vienna, Austria, in 2003 Giuliani took control away from agencies such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Army Corps of Engineers and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, leaving the "largely unknown" city Department of Design and Construction in charge of recovery and cleanup. Documents indicate that the Giuliani administration never enforced federal requirements requiring the wearing of respirators. Concurrently, the administration threatened companies with dismissal if cleanup work slowed. In June 2007, Christie Todd Whitman, former Republican Governor of New Jersey and director of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), reportedly stated that the EPA had pushed for workers at the WTC site to wear respirators but that she had been blocked by Giuliani. She stated that she believed that the subsequent lung disease and deaths suffered by WTC responders were a result of these actions. However, former deputy mayor Joe Lhota, then with the Giuliani campaign, replied, "All workers at Ground Zero were instructed repeatedly to wear their respirators." Giuliani asked the city's Congressional delegation to limit the city's liability for Ground Zero illnesses to a total of $350 million. Two years after Giuliani finished his term, FEMA appropriated $1 billion to a special insurance fund, called the World Trade Center Captive Insurance Company, to protect the city against 9/11 lawsuits. In February 2007, the International Association of Fire Fighters issued a letter asserting that Giuliani rushed to conclude the recovery effort once gold and silver had been recovered from World Trade Center vaults and thereby prevented the remains of many victims from being recovered: "Mayor Giuliani's actions meant that fire fighters and citizens who perished would either remain buried at Ground Zero forever, with no closure for families, or be removed like garbage and deposited at the Fresh Kills Landfill", it said, adding: "Hundreds remained entombed in Ground Zero when Giuliani gave up on them." Lawyers for the International Association of Fire Fighters seek to interview Giuliani under oath as part of a federal legal action alleging that New York City negligently dumped body parts and other human remains in the Fresh Kills Landfill. Post-mayoralty Before 2008 election Giuliani and President Bush in Las Cruces, New Mexico, on August 26, 2004 Since leaving office as Mayor, Giuliani has remained politically active by campaigning for Republican candidates for political offices at all levels. As the first Republicans to simultaneously serve as Mayor and Governor of New York since Nelson Rockefeller and John Lindsay, Giuliani and Governor George Pataki were instrumental in bringing the 2004 Republican National Convention to New York City. He was a speaker at the convention, and endorsed President George W. Bush for re-election by recalling that immediately after the World Trade Center towers fell, Without really thinking, based on just emotion, spontaneous, I grabbed the arm of then-Police Commissioner Bernard Kerik, and I said to him, 'Bernie, thank God George Bush is our president'. Similarly, in June 2006, Giuliani started a website called Solutions America to help elect Republican candidates across the nation. After campaigning on Bush's behalf in the U.S. presidential election of 2004, he was reportedly the top choice for Secretary of Homeland Security after Tom Ridge's resignation. When suggestions were made that Giuliani's confirmation hearings would be marred by details of his past affairs and scandals, he turned down the offer and instead recommended his friend and former New York Police Commissioner Bernard Kerik. After the formal announcement of Kerik's nomination, information about Kerik's past—most notably, that he had ties to organized crime, failed to properly report gifts he had received, had been sued for sexual harassment and had employed an undocumented alien as a domestic servant—became known, and Kerik withdrew his nomination. Giuliani cutting the ribbon of the new Drug Enforcement Administration mobile museum in Dallas, Texas, in September 2003 On March 15, 2006, Congress formed the Iraq Study Group (ISG). This bipartisan ten-person panel, of which Giuliani was one of the members, was charged with assessing the Iraq War and making recommendations. They would eventually unanimously conclude that contrary to Bush administration assertions, "The situation in Iraq is grave and deteriorating" and called for "changes in the primary mission" that would allow "the United States to begin to move its forces out of Iraq". On May 24, 2006, after missing all of the group's meetings, including a briefing from General David Petraeus, former Secretary of State Colin Powell and former Army Chief of Staff Eric Shinseki, Giuliani resigned from the panel, citing "previous time commitments". Giuliani's fundraising schedule had kept him from participating in the panel, a schedule which raised $11.4 million in speaking fees over 14 months, and that Giuliani had been forced to resign after being given "an ultimatum to either show up for meetings or leave the group" by group leader James Baker. Giuliani subsequently said that he had started thinking about running for President, and being on the panel might give it a political spin. Giuliani was described by Newsweek in January 2007 as "one of the most consistent cheerleaders for the president's handling of the war in Iraq" and as of June 2007, he remained one of the few candidates for president to unequivocally support both the basis for the invasion and the execution of the war. Giuliani spoke in support of the removal of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK, also PMOI, MKO) from the United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations. The group was on the State Department list from 1997 until September 2012. They were placed on the list for killing six Americans in Iran during the 1970s and attempting to attack the Iranian mission to the United Nations in 1992. Giuliani, along with other former government officials and politicians Ed Rendell, R. James Woolsey, Porter Goss, Louis Freeh, Michael Mukasey, James L. Jones, Tom Ridge, and Howard Dean, were criticized for their involvement with the group. Some were subpoenaed during an inquiry about who was paying the prominent individuals' speaking fees. Giuliani and others wrote an article for the conservative publication National Review stating their position that the group should not be classified as a terrorist organization. They supported their position by pointing out that the United Kingdom and the European Union had already removed the group from their terrorism lists. They further assert that only the United States and Iran still listed it as a terrorist group. However, Canada did not delist the group until December 2012. Presidential campaign logo In November 2006 Giuliani announced the formation of an exploratory committee toward a run for President of the United States in 2008. In February 2007 he filed a "statement of candidacy" and confirmed on the television program Larry King Live that he was indeed running. Giuliani at a rally at San Diego State University in August 2007 when polls showed him as the front-runner for the Republican party's nomination Early polls showed Giuliani with one of the highest levels of name recognition and support among the Republican candidates. Throughout most of 2007 he was the leader in most nationwide opinion polling among Republicans. Senator John McCain, who ranked a close second behind the New York Mayor, had faded, and most polls showed Giuliani to have more support than any of the other declared Republican candidates, with only former Senator Fred Thompson and former Governor Mitt Romney showing greater support in some per-state Republican polls. On November 7, 2007, Giuliani's campaign received an endorsement from evangelist, Christian Broadcasting Network founder, and past presidential candidate Pat Robertson. This was viewed by political observers as a possibly key development in the race, as it gave credence that evangelicals and other social conservatives could support Giuliani despite some of his positions on social issues such as abortion and gay rights. Giuliani's campaign hit a difficult stretch during November and December 2007, during which time Bernard Kerik, whom Giuliani had recommended for the position of Secretary of Homeland Security, was indicted on 16 counts of tax fraud and other federal charges; the media reported that while Mayor of New York, Giuliani had billed to obscure city agencies several tens of thousands of dollars of mayoral security expenses incurred while visiting Judith Nathan, with whom he was having an extramarital affair (later analysis showed the billing to likely be unrelated to hiding Nathan); and several stories were published in the press regarding clients of Giuliani Partners and Bracewell & Giuliani being in opposition to goals of American foreign policy. Giuliani's national poll numbers began steadily slipping and his unusual strategy of focusing more on later, multi-primary big states rather than the smaller, first-voting states was seen at risk. Giuliani at a campaign event in Derry, New Hampshire, the day before the New Hampshire primary Despite his strategy, Giuliani did compete to a substantial extent in the January 8, 2008 New Hampshire primary, but finished a distant fourth with 9 percent of the vote. Similar poor results continued in other early contests, as Giuliani's staff went without pay in order to focus all efforts on the crucial late January Florida Republican primary. The shift of the electorate's focus from national security to the state of the economy also hurt Giuliani, as did the resurgence of McCain's similarly themed campaign. On January 29, 2008, Giuliani finished a distant third in the Florida result with 15 percent of the vote, trailing McCain and Romney. Facing declining polls and lost leads in the upcoming large Super Tuesday states, including that of his home New York, Giuliani withdrew from the race on January 30, endorsing McCain. Giuliani's campaign ended up $3.6 million in arrears, and in June 2008 Giuliani sought to retire the debt by proposing to appear at Republican fundraisers during the 2008 general election, and have part of the proceeds go towards his campaign. During the 2008 Republican National Convention, Giuliani gave a prime-time speech that praised McCain and his running mate, Sarah Palin, while criticizing Democratic nominee Barack Obama. He cited Palin's executive experience as a mayor and governor and belittled Obama's lack of same, and his remarks were met with wild applause from the delegates. Giuliani continued to be one of McCain's most active surrogates during the remainder of McCain's eventually unsuccessful campaign. After 2008 election Following the end of his presidential campaign, Giuliani's "high appearance fees dropped like a stone." He returned to work at both Giuliani Partners and Bracewell & Giuliani. Giuliani explored hosting a syndicated radio show, and was reported to be in talks with Westwood One about replacing Bill O'Reilly before that position went to Fred Thompson (another unsuccessful '08 GOP Presidential primary candidate). During the March 2009 AIG bonus payments controversy, Giuliani called for U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner to step down and said that the Obama administration lacked executive competence in dealing with the ongoing financial crisis. Giuliani giving the keynote speech at the Jumeriah Essex House in honor of the USS New York sailors and Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force 26 Marines on November 8, 2009 Giuliani said his political career was not necessarily over, and did not rule out a 2010 New York gubernatorial or 2012 presidential bid. A November 2008 Siena College poll indicated that although Governor David Paterson—promoted to the office via the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal a year before—was popular among New Yorkers, he would have just a slight lead over Giuliani in a hypothetical matchup. By February 2009, after the prolonged Senate appointment process, a Siena College poll indicated that Paterson was losing popularity among New Yorkers, and showed Giuliani with a fifteen-point lead in the hypothetical contest. In January 2009, Giuliani said he would not decide on a gubernatorial run for another six to eight months, adding that he thought it would not be fair to the governor to start campaigning early while the governor tries to focus on his job. Giuliani worked to retire his presidential campaign debt, but by the end of March 2009 it was still $2.4 million in arrears, the largest such remaining amount for any of the 2008 contenders. In April 2009, Giuliani strongly opposed Paterson's announced push for same-sex marriage in New York and said it would likely cause a backlash that could put Republicans in statewide office in 2010. By late August 2009, there were still conflicting reports about whether Giuliani was likely to run. On December 23, 2009, Giuliani announced that he would not seek any office in 2010, saying "The main reason has to do with my two enterprises: Bracewell & Giuliani and Giuliani Partners. I'm very busy in both." The decisions signaled a possible end to Giuliani's political career. During the 2010 midterm elections, Giuliani endorsed and campaigned for Bob Ehrlich and Marco Rubio. On October 11, 2011, Giuliani announced that he was not running for president. According to Kevin Law, the Director of the Long Island Association, Giuliani believed that "As a moderate, he thought it was a pretty significant challenge. He said it's tough to be a moderate and succeed in GOP primaries", Giuliani said "If it's too late for (New Jersey Governor) Chris Christie, it's too late for me". At a Republican fund-raising event in February 2015, Giuliani stated, "I do not believe, and I know this is a horrible thing to say, but I do not believe that the president [Barack Obama] loves America", and "He doesn’t love you. And he doesn't love me. He wasn't brought up the way you were brought up and I was brought up, through love of this country." In response to criticism of the remarks, Giuliani said, "Some people thought it was racist—I thought that was a joke, since he was brought up by a white mother... This isn't racism. This is socialism or possibly anti-colonialism." White House deputy press secretary Eric Schultz said he agreed with Giuliani "that it was a horrible thing to say", but said he would leave it up to the people who heard Giuliani directly to assess if the remarks were appropriate for the event. Although he received some support for his controversial comments, Giuliani said he also received several death threats within 48 hours. Giuliani speaking at a campaign event for Republican Presidential nominee Donald Trump on August 31, 2016 Giuliani supported Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. He gave a prime time speech during the first night of the 2016 Republican National Convention. Earlier in the day, Giuliani and former 2016 presidential candidate Ben Carson appeared at an event for the pro-Trump Great America PAC. Giuliani also appeared in a Great America PAC ad entitled "Leadership". Giuliani’s and Jeff Sessions’s appearances were staples at Trump campaign rallies. During the campaign, Giuliani praised Trump for his worldwide accomplishments and helping fellow New Yorkers in their time of need. He defended Trump against allegations of racism, sexual assault, and not paying any federal income taxes for as long as two decades. Giuliani was believed to be a likely pick for Secretary of State in the Trump Administration. However, on December 9, 2016, Trump announced that Giuliani had removed his name from consideration for any Cabinet post. On January 12, 2017, President-elect Trump named Giuliani his informal cybersecurity adviser. Adviser to Donald Trump According to Giuliani, he advised President Trump on his January 27, 2017, executive order barring citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States for 90 days and suspending the admission of all refugees for 120 days. Giuliani Partners After leaving the mayor's office, Giuliani founded a security consulting business, Giuliani Partners LLC, in 2002, a firm that has been categorized by various media outlets as a lobbying entity capitalizing on Giuliani's name recognition, and which has been the subject of allegations surrounding staff hired by Giuliani and due to the firm's chosen client base. Over five years, Giuliani Partners earned more than $100 million. In June 2007 he stepped down as CEO and Chairman of Giuliani Partners, although this action was not made public until December 4, 2007; he maintained his equity interest in the firm. Giuliani subsequently returned to active participation in the firm following the election. In late 2009, Giuliani announced that they had a security consulting contract with Rio de Janeiro, Brazil regarding the 2016 Summer Olympics. He faced criticism in 2012 for advising people once allied with Slobodan Milošević who had lauded Serbian war criminals. Giuliani at a joint press conference with Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić in 2012 Bracewell & Giuliani In 2005, Giuliani joined the law firm of Bracewell & Patterson LLP (renamed Bracewell & Giuliani LLP) as a name partner and basis for the expanding firm's new New York office. When he joined the Texas-based firm he brought Marc Mukasey, the son of Attorney General Michael Mukasey, into the firm. Despite a busy schedule, Giuliani was highly active in the day-to-day business of the law firm, which was a high-profile supplier of legal and lobbying services to the oil, gas, and energy industries. Its aggressive defense of pollution-causing coal-fired power plants threatened to cause political risk for Giuliani, but association with the firm helped Giuliani achieve fund-raising success in Texas. In 2006, Giuliani acted as the lead counsel and lead spokesmen for Bracewell & Giuliani client Purdue Pharma, the makers of OxyContin, during their negotiations with federal prosecutors over charges that the pharmaceutical company misled the public about OxyContin's addictive properties. The agreement reached resulted in Purdue Pharma and some of its executives paying $634.5 million in fines. Bracewell & Giuliani represents corporate clients before many U.S. Government departments and agencies. Some clients have worked with corporations and foreign governments. Greenberg Traurig On January 19, 2016, it was reported that Giuliani is moving to the law firm Greenberg Traurig, where he will be the global chairman for Greenberg's cybersecurity and crisis management group, as well as a senior advisor to the firm's executive chairman. Marriages and relationships Giuliani with Congressman Vito Fossella and First Lady Nancy Reagan, 2002 On October 26, 1968, soon after he graduated from law school, he married his second cousin, Regina Peruggi, whom Giuliani had known since childhood. In the mid-70s the marriage was in trouble and in 1975 they agreed to a trial separation. Peruggi did not accompany him to Washington when he accepted the job in the Attorney General's Office. Giuliani met local television personality Donna Hanover sometime in 1982, and they began dating when she was working in Miami. Giuliani filed for legal separation from Peruggi on August 12, 1982. The Giuliani-Peruggi marriage legally ended in two ways: a civil divorce was issued by the end of 1982, while a Roman Catholic church annulment of the Giuliani-Peruggi marriage was granted at the end of 1983 reportedly because Giuliani had discovered that he and Peruggi were second cousins. Giuliani biographer Wayne Barrett reports that Peruggi's brother believes that Giuliani knew at the time of the marriage that they were second cousins. Alan Placa, Giuliani's best man, later became a priest and helped get the annulment. Giuliani and Peruggi did not have any children. Giuliani and Hanover then married in a Catholic ceremony at St. Monica's Church in Manhattan on April 15, 1984. They had two children, son Andrew and daughter Caroline. Beginning in 1996, Hanover appeared at few public events. There were reports that Hanover was aware of her husband's personal conduct as early as 1995. On Father's Day Giuliani had told reporters that he was returning to Gracie Mansion to play ball with Andrew, but instead went to City Hall, to a basement suite with his press secretary. Three hours later Hanover went to City Hall to confront Giuliani, but a mayor's aide prevented her from entering the suite. A New York Air National Guard major poses with Rudy and Judith Giuliani at Yankee Stadium in April 2009 Still married to Hanover, Giuliani met Judith Nathan, a twice-divorced sales manager for a pharmaceutical company, in May 1999 at Club Macanudo, an Upper East Side cigar bar. They formed an ongoing relationship. To keep his relationship with Nathan from public scrutiny, beginning in summer 1999 Giuliani had the costs for his NYPD security detail charged to obscure city agencies. In early 2000, Nathan began getting city-provided chauffeur services from the police department. By March 2000, Giuliani had stopped wearing his wedding ring, and his and Nathan's appearances at functions and events became publicly visible although not mentioned in the press. In early May 2000, the Daily News and then the New York Post broke news of Giuliani's relationship with Nathan. Giuliani first publicly acknowledged her on May 3, 2000, stating that Nathan was his "very good friend". On May 10, 2000, Giuliani called a press conference to announce that he intended to separate from Hanover. Hanover had not been told about his plans before his press conference, an omission for which Giuliani was widely criticized. Giuliani now went on to praise Nathan as a "very, very fine woman", and said about Hanover that "over the course of some period of time in many ways, we've grown to live independent and separate lives". Hours later Hanover said, "I had hoped that we could keep this marriage together. For several years, it was difficult to participate in Rudy's public life because of his relationship with one staff member". Giuliani moved out of Gracie Mansion and into a couple's apartment. Giuliani filed for divorce from Hanover in October 2000, and a public battle broke out between their representatives. Nathan was barred by court order from entering Gracie Mansion or meeting his children before the divorce was final. In May 2001, Giuliani's attorney revealed that Giuliani was impotent due to prostate cancer treatments and had not had sex with Nathan for the preceding year. "You don't get through treatment for cancer and radiation all by yourself", Giuliani said. "You need people to help you and care for you and support you. And I'm very fortunate I had a lot of people who did that, but nobody did more to help me than Judith Nathan." Giuliani argued in a court case that he aimed to introduce Nathan to his children on Father's Day 2001, and that Hanover had prevented this visit. Giuliani and Hanover finally settled their divorce case in July 2002 after his mayoralty had ended, with Giuliani paying Hanover a $6.8 million settlement and granting her custody of their children. Giuliani married Nathan on May 24, 2003, and gained a stepdaughter, Whitney. It was also Nathan's third marriage after two divorces. By March 2007, The New York Times and the Daily News reported that Giuliani had become estranged from both his son Andrew and his daughter Caroline. In 2014, he said his relationship with his children was better than ever, and was spotted eating and playing golf with Andrew. Nineteen years after Giuliani's father died at age 73 in April 1981 of prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, Giuliani was diagnosed at age 55 in April 2000 with prostate cancer on prostate biopsy after an elevated screening PSA. Giuliani chose a combination prostate cancer treatment consisting of four months of neoadjuvant Lupron hormonal therapy, then low dose-rate prostate brachytherapy with permanent implantation of ninety TheraSeed radioactive palladium-103 seeds in his prostate in September 2000, followed two months later by five weeks of fifteen-minute, five-days-a-week external beam radiotherapy at Mount Sinai Medical Center, with five months of adjuvant Lupron hormonal therapy. Giuliani has declined to comment publicly on his religious practice and beliefs, although he identifies religion as an important part of his life. When asked if he is a practicing Catholic, Giuliani answered, "My religious affiliation, my religious practices and the degree to which I am a good or not-so-good Catholic, I prefer to leave to the priests." In 1998, Giuliani received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York". House of Savoy: Knight Grand Cross (motu proprio) of the Order of Merit of Savoy (December 2001) For his leadership on and after September 11, Giuliani was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on February 13, 2002. Giuliani was named Time magazine's "Person of the Year" for 2001 In 2002, the Episcopal Diocese of New York gave Giuliani the Fiorello LaGuardia Public Service Award for Valor and Leadership in the Time of Global Crisis. Also in 2002, Former First Lady Nancy Reagan awarded Giuliani the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award. In 2002, he received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards. In 2003, Giuliani received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award In 2004, construction began on the Rudolph W. Giuliani Trauma Center at St. Vincent's Hospital in New York. In 2005, Giuliani received honorary degrees from Loyola College in Maryland and Middlebury College. In 2007, Giuliani received an honorary Doctorate in Public Administration from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina. In 2006, Rudy and Judith Giuliani were honored by the American Heart Association at its annual Heart of the Hamptons benefit in Water Mill, New York. In 2007, Giuliani was honored by the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF), receiving the NIAF Special Achievement Award for Public Service. In 2007, Giuliani was awarded the Margaret Thatcher Medal of Freedom by the Atlantic Bridge. In the 2009 graduation ceremony for Drexel University's Earle Mack School of Law, Giuliani was the keynote speaker and recipient of an honorary degree. Giuliani was the Robert C. Vance Distinguished Lecturer at Central Connecticut State University in 2013. Media references In 1993, Giuliani made a cameo appearance as himself in the Seinfeld episode, The Non-Fat Yogurt. Biographical drama Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story (2003), in which he is played by James Woods. Kevin Keating's Documentary Giuliani Time (2006). In 2003, Giuliani made a cameo appearance as himself in the film Anger Management, starring Adam Sandler and Jack Nicholson. Early life Legal career Mayoral campaigns Mayoralty Post-mayoralty Personal life Awards and honors Media references	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16693
__label__cc	0.674014	0.325986	Generic Top-level Domain Ellen G. White bibliography The aim of this video is to explain what gTLDs are, why you need as many as possible, the various phases of their release and the manner in which they can be purchased with 123-reg. The acronym gTLD stands for generic Top Level Domain. To understand what one is, you need to know what a Top Level Domain is. Stemming from the early 2000s, the top level domain nomenclature comprises extensions such as .com, .org, .net or .au. The existing TLDs are classified by ICANN (the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) into several categories, among which the most known are: • Generic (gTLD): .com; .net; .org; • Country-Code (ccTLD): .au; .uk; .us; • Sponsored (sTLDS): .tel; .mobi; .jobs; • Infrastructure (iTLDs): .arpa; • Reserved: .test; .example; .invalid; Returning to gTLDs, they represent the most common type of Top Level Domains and 23 such extensions have been introduced into use since 2004. However, for a period of time, no new ones have been created. This, nevertheless, is about to change starting with 2014, as a new series of gTLDs will be released, triggering the opportunity for 1500 new extensions to be used on the Internet in the following years. The necessity of introducing more gTLDs is owed to the continuous expansion of the information flow and businesses in the online environment. To keep up with the new requirements, new extensions need to be delivered. Their introduction implies a set of benefits, among which we mention: - The simplification of domain names used for new or existing businesses and individuals (e.g. www.myexample-businesslondon.com can become www.examplebusiness.london); - Increase of visibility through relevant extensions (such as .builder, .plumbing) prior to the actual accessing of your related site; - Immediate identification of the locality of your business through extensions such as .london, helping visitors to gain related insight. To obtain a gTLD, the principle of fist come -- first served is applied. The release of such domains depends on the type of the customer. There are four major phases of release with slight degrees of variations depending on the registry of each gTLD. These are: • The Sunrise phase -- trademark owners and established businesses are enabled to safeguard their identity before the domain extensions become available to the general public; • The landrush and early access stages -- refer to the period when higher value, shorter and memorable denominations for domains are put on sale at premium prices; • The stage of general availability -- the point where the new gTLDs are taken by the first customer to request one at an advantageous price. All of the above are preceded by a pre-order period, but it is important that the four phases to follow the mentioned order. To set a pre-order for the upcoming gTLDs, simply access http://gtld.123-reg.co.uk/ and search for your preferred extension. If further help and assistance is required, don't hesitate to go to http://www.123-reg.co.uk/support. Some of the Generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs) offer cheap / free web sites, which are abused by scammers. In this video I take a look at which sites in the worst domains 25K corporate users have visited in a week. All it proves to me is it’s worth carrying out TLD Blocking Resources used: Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain Domain Tools Report: https://www.domaintools.com/content/The-DomainTools-Report-2017.pdf Cisco Umbrella: https://www.opendns.com/ NoTrack: https://github.com/quidsup/notrack Like my channel? Please help support it: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/quidsup Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/quidsup Follow me on Social Media Google+ https://google.com/+quidsup Twitter: https://twitter.com/quidsup Minds: https://minds.com/quidsup In June, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) announced a program that would radically change the domain-name system as we know it. Bob Liodice, CEO and president of the ANA, discusses ICANN's revised program to expand generic top-level domain names and why it would cause irreparable harm to brands. Get ready for the next big .thing An overview of New gTLD's (new generic Top Level Domains). The Internet is about to experience a dramatic and important change that will effect every user. Today, web addresses end with familiar extensions such as dot com and dot org. Soon there could be hundreds more of these dot extensions. Their called generic Top Level Domains or gTLDs. What do new gTLDs mean for you? This video will help you find out. In order to understand what exactly is changing and how it will effect you lets look behind the scenes at how domain names work. This is what is known as a generic Top Level Domain. Today there are only twenty two such TLDs, After the top level comes the second level. When you register a domain name you are actually creating a unique combination of a first and second level name. Lets say you want to register example.com "I'll register example.com!" You are the registrant and you acquire the name using a registrar accredited by ICANN. Registrant -- Registrar -- Registry The registrar checks with the registry and if the name you want is available then you get to use it. Note that the registry is who makes your domain name function technically. The registry puts your domain name in the right databases so that the rest of the Internet can find you. Until now, there have been millions of possible domain names on the second level but fewer than two dozen generic domain possibilities at the top level and that's what about to change. With ICANN's new gTLD program the Internet name space will expand. .brand .region Soon you could create and manage a top level domain of your own choosing. Why would you want to? First, if your organization runs its own TLD, your organization sets the rules. You can make your TLD as inclusive or exclusive as you want. For example, you can sell second level domain registrations at a price you choose or you could decide not to sell them at all. Maybe you issue them only to your employees. You could offer specialized security services or perhaps you want all the web addresses in your TLD to work in your native alphabet. Its up to you. If you represent a community or cultural preservation group a TLD might provide a rallying point where the Internet celebrates what you value. If you represent a government of a municipality a TLD could help your populace share views or find vital information. New gTLDs can be internationalized domain names (IDNs) which incorporate character sets such as Chinese, Arabic, Cyrillic or any non western alphabet. That one fact opens the Internet to masses of new users. Businesses might also be interested in new gTLDs. If you make your brand a TLD (http://retail.brand) customers might feel more confident that sites under your domain are really you. A dot Brand TLD can mean better brand control, new investment opportunities and a chance to show your leadership in Internet technology. Just as no one predicted a dot com boom no one can predict all the innovative ways new gTLDs will be used. Who know what the next big dot thing will be. Challenges I've talked about why you would want your own gTLD. Why wouldn't you want one? First to operate a TLD is to be in charge of dot something. You are not merely registering a second level domain. You are a organization running a registry responsible for a piece of Internet infrastructure. Second, operating a TLD takes a substantial investment. Just to apply for a generic Top Level Domain cost one hundred and eighty five thousand US dollars or more. You need to be well capitalized to start and operate a TLD business. Third, this process is not fast. Applications will go through an evaluation that takes several months. A new gTLD won't be available for Internet user until almost a year after applications are first accepted. Finally, operating a registry requires skill in a lot of business realms including technical, legal, financial and marketing. To investigate the opportunities new gTLDs offer you would be wise to get help from experts familiar with the domain name industry. The application process. The process for applying for a new GTLD is not trivial. Your proposed new Top Level Domain must pass through several checkpoints and so must your organization. The Internet is changing! ICANN expects hundreds of applications for an incredible variety of new Top Level Domains that will introduce competition, innovation and choice. Applications accepted 12 January 2012 to 12 April 2012. ICANN Approves Historic Change to Internet's Domain Name System Learn about DNS terminology: Root Top-level domain (TLD) Fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) Host Domain Subdomain In June 2012, ICANN published its list of almost 2000 applied-for new generic top level domain names (gTLDs). Right now, we are currently in the period in which parties can object to these new gTLDs -- the objection period will close around the end of 2012. In this video, Monica Riva Talley, a director with Washington, DC-based intellectual property law firm Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C., provides an overview of updates regarding the gTLD process, specifically focusing on the opening of the trademark clearinghouse, scheduled for this fall. -------------------------------------------------------- For related trademark videos, view the full playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hddK0AbZlls&list=PLsh0bkNcquFJcG-AYrzZ-603Mn8yPi2Hj Subscribe to our channel for timely videos discussing critical trends and issues impacting IP, business strategy and monetization: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=SterneKesslerIPLaw Visit our website: http://www.skgf.com View more details at http://10buckbiz.com/options/ Although ICANN began accepting applications for new generic top-level domains earlier this month, the dispute over its controversial plan is not getting any quieter. Last year, ICANN announced its decision to allow any company or individual the ability to purchase new generic top-level domains. The Association of National Advertisers (ANA) has led much of the criticism of the plan, and it, along with 161 other organizations has formed the Coalition for Responsible Internet Domain Oversight (CRIDO) to raise awareness of their concerns. WebProNews spoke with Dan Jaffe, the Executive Vice President of Government Relations for ANA, about ICANN's execution of the plan. According to him, ICANN's plan will be harmful to both businesses and consumers. Not only have ANA and CRIDO pleaded with ICANN, but the FTC and other areas of the U.S. government have also reached out to ICANN to express their concerns about the plan. ICANN has said that it would protect businesses against defensive buying of domains, but as Jaffe explained to us, it has not tested to see if its protections actually work. While the impact of ICANN's action won't fully be felt until after it closes the application process in April, Jaffe told us that ANA and CRIDO would continue to raise its concerns in hopes of being heard. Incidentally, ICANN has said that it has already approved 25 successful registrants for new domains. Generic Top Level Domains Are Rumored To Be Available Soon on the Web. We're talking about .auto, .boat, .car, .eat, .food, .channel and so many others. Registrars like GoDaddy.com are already allowing customers to be notified when you become available. http://deltonchilds.com/new-generic-top-level-domains/ ‎ A Top Level Domain is the bit at the end of web address, right of the last dot. There aren't very many to choose from. But that's set to change because the typewriter days of the internet are over! The web has evolved and now you can choose your identity and address on the new Internet. PeopleBrowsr is the creator of new TLDs dotCEO, dotBest and dotKred Find out about new Top-Level Domains at www.PeopleBrowsr.com Discover dotCEO: The new Internet for Leaders at www.nic.ceo/ceos Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy. Education is commonly and formally divided into stages such as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship. A right to education has been recognized by some governments, including at the global level: Article 13 of the United Nations' 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognizes a universal right to education. In most regions education is compulsory up to a certain age. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Education Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. A top-level domain is the last label of every fully qualified domain name. They are called generic for historic reasons; initially, they were contrasted with country-specific TLDs in RFC 920. The core group of generic top-level domains consists of the com, info, net, and org domains. In addition, the domains biz, name, and pro are also considered generic; however, these are designated as restricted, because registrations within them require proof of eligibility within the guidelines set for each. Historically, the group of generic top-level domains included domains, created in the early development of the domain name system, that are now sponsored by designated agencies or organizations and are restricted to specific types of registrants. Thus, domains edu, gov, int, and mil are now considered sponsored top-level domains, much like the themed top-level domains (e.g., jobs). The entire group of domains that do not have a geographic or country designation (see country-code top-level domain) is still often referred to by the term generic TLDs. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Generic_top-level_domain Ellen White (November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was a prolific author, writing more than 40 books and 5000 periodical articles during her lifetime. Today there are over one hundred 50,000 manuscript pages of her writings. She was one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, believed by many readers to have the spiritual gift of prophecy described in the Bible. Major titles The following is a list of Ellen White's most popular and influential writings. Conflict of the Ages (book series) (see also modern adaptations below): Patriarchs and Prophets - Reflections on the first half of the Old Testament Prophets and Kings - Reflections on the second half of the Old Testament. The Desire of Ages - Reflections on the life of Christ The Acts of the Apostles - Reflections on the early New Testament church The Great Controversy - Reflections on Christian history and prophecies about the end times Steps to Christ - an evangelistic book explaining how to have a living connection with Jesus Christ This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Ellen_G._White_bibliography What are gTLDs (generic Top Level Domains)? \| 123-reg Support Generic Top Level Domains Suck Generic Top-Level Domains ICANN New gTLDs (new generic Top Level Domains) Board Votes to Launch New Generic Top-Level Domains \| 20 June 2011 DNS Terminology How New Generic Top-Level Domains Will Change the Internet Generic Top Level Domain Name Update How To Become Rich With New Generic Top-Level Domains ANA Responds to ICANN Opening Top-Level Domain Market Generic Top Level Domains Opening Soon What is a Top Level Domain (TLD)? Internet Domain Name Sold For $872,320,000 The first 100 The Infographics Show fans to use this link will get 10% off their first domain name at Hover: https://hover.com/infographics What are the most expensive domain names that ever sold? What domain names have sold for millions upon millions of dollars? It’s not always easy getting the domain name you want, especially if it’s one of what are called generic top-level domains. That might be something ending with .com, .org., edu, .net. or .info. We just searched online to see if we could get headlesschicken.com and we were told it’s a premium domain and would cost over $31,000. You buy a domain name from what’s called a registrar, and they reserve those names from registries. But if you wanted to buy headlesschicken.us, that would only set you back $4.99. We were told that in the first quarter of 2018, there were 333.8 million top level domain name registrations. Getting the name you want might not be easy, or might be expensive, as we just found out with our headlesschicken.com. Today we’ll see who paid the most though, in this episode of the Infographics Show, Most Expensive Domain Names Ever Sold. First of all, if you’re wondering why .com domains can be so expensive, it’s just a matter of buying the best real estate. Brands are often most recognizable as .coms and it is a .com that will make your brand most visible in searches. As Forbes says, “Using a .com is the most authoritative way of guaranteeing your site will be found, along with providing other useful content around your brand.” It’s not just about being found, either, having a .com business gives it inherent value. SUBSCRIBE TO US -► http://bit.ly/TheInfographicsShow -------------------------------------------------------------------------- WEBSITE (SUGGEST A TOPIC): http://theinfographicsshow.com SOCIAL: Twitter........► https://twitter.com/TheInfoShow Subreddit...► http://reddit.com/r/TheInfographicsShow The aim of this video is to explain what gTLDs are, why you need as many as possible, the various phases of their release and the manner in which they can be purchased with 123-reg. The acronym gTLD stands for generic Top Level Domain. To understand what one is, you need to know what a Top Level Domain is. Stemming from the early 2000s, the top level domain nomenclature comprises extensions such as .com, .org, .net or .au. The existing TLDs are classified by ICANN (the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) into several categories, among which the most known are: • Generic (gTLD): .com; .net; .org; • Country-Code (ccTLD): .au; .uk; .us; • Sponsored (sTLDS): .tel; .mobi; .jobs; • Infrastructure (iTLDs): .arpa; • Reserved: .test; .example; .invalid; Returning to gTLDs, the... Get ready for the next big .thing An overview of New gTLD's (new generic Top Level Domains). The Internet is about to experience a dramatic and important change that will effect every user. Today, web addresses end with familiar extensions such as dot com and dot org. Soon there could be hundreds more of these dot extensions. Their called generic Top Level Domains or gTLDs. What do new gTLDs mean for you? This video will help you find out. In order to understand what exactly is changing and how it will effect you lets look behind the scenes at how domain names work. This is what is known as a generic Top Level Domain. Today there are only twenty two such TLDs, After the top level comes the second level. When you register a domain name you are actually creating a unique c... In June 2012, ICANN published its list of almost 2000 applied-for new generic top level domain names (gTLDs). Right now, we are currently in the period in which parties can object to these new gTLDs -- the objection period will close around the end of 2012. In this video, Monica Riva Talley, a director with Washington, DC-based intellectual property law firm Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C., provides an overview of updates regarding the gTLD process, specifically focusing on the opening of the trademark clearinghouse, scheduled for this fall. -------------------------------------------------------- For related trademark videos, view the full playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hddK0AbZlls&list=PLsh0bkNcquFJcG-AYrzZ-603Mn8yPi2Hj Subscribe to our channel for timely videos d... Although ICANN began accepting applications for new generic top-level domains earlier this month, the dispute over its controversial plan is not getting any quieter. Last year, ICANN announced its decision to allow any company or individual the ability to purchase new generic top-level domains. The Association of National Advertisers (ANA) has led much of the criticism of the plan, and it, along with 161 other organizations has formed the Coalition for Responsible Internet Domain Oversight (CRIDO) to raise awareness of their concerns. WebProNews spoke with Dan Jaffe, the Executive Vice President of Government Relations for ANA, about ICANN's execution of the plan. According to him, ICANN's plan will be harmful to both businesses and consumers. Not only have ANA and CRIDO pleaded with ICA... The first 100 The Infographics Show fans to use this link will get 10% off their first domain name at Hover: https://hover.com/infographics What are the most expensive domain names that ever sold? What domain names have sold for millions upon millions of dollars? It’s not always easy getting the domain name you want, especially if it’s one of what are called generic top-level domains. That might be something ending with .com, .org., edu, .net. or .info. We just searched online to see if we could get headlesschicken.com and we were told it’s a premium domain and would cost over $31,000. You buy a domain name from what’s called a registrar, and they reserve those names from registries. But if you wanted to buy headlesschicken.us, that would only set you back $4.99. We were told that in t... The aim of this video is to explain what gTLDs are, why you need as many as possible, the various phases of their release and the manner in which they can be pu... https://wn.com/What_Are_Gtlds_(Generic_Top_Level_Domains)_\|_123_Reg_Support Some of the Generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs) offer cheap / free web sites, which are abused by scammers. In this video I take a look at which sites in the wors... https://wn.com/Generic_Top_Level_Domains_Suck In June, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) announced a program that would radically change the domain-name system as we know it. B... https://wn.com/Generic_Top_Level_Domains Get ready for the next big .thing An overview of New gTLD's (new generic Top Level Domains). The Internet is about to experience a dramatic and important ch... https://wn.com/Icann_New_Gtlds_(New_Generic_Top_Level_Domains) https://wn.com/Board_Votes_To_Launch_New_Generic_Top_Level_Domains_\|_20_June_2011 https://wn.com/Dns_Terminology https://wn.com/How_New_Generic_Top_Level_Domains_Will_Change_The_Internet In June 2012, ICANN published its list of almost 2000 applied-for new generic top level domain names (gTLDs). Right now, we are currently in the period in which... https://wn.com/Generic_Top_Level_Domain_Name_Update https://wn.com/How_To_Become_Rich_With_New_Generic_Top_Level_Domains Although ICANN began accepting applications for new generic top-level domains earlier this month, the dispute over its controversial plan is not getting any qui... https://wn.com/Ana_Responds_To_Icann_Opening_Top_Level_Domain_Market Generic Top Level Domains Are Rumored To Be Available Soon on the Web. We're talking about .auto, .boat, .car, .eat, .food, .channel and so many others. Regis... https://wn.com/Generic_Top_Level_Domains_Opening_Soon A Top Level Domain is the bit at the end of web address, right of the last dot. There aren't very many to choose from. But that's set to change because the type... https://wn.com/What_Is_A_Top_Level_Domain_(Tld) The first 100 The Infographics Show fans to use this link will get 10% off their first domain name at Hover: https://hover.com/infographics What are the most ... https://wn.com/Internet_Domain_Name_Sold_For_872,320,000 opec.com coeducate.net trustco.com adco.com computerconsultingco.com rechietayco.net coondapur.org worldintellectualpropertyco.net worldintellectualpropertyco.org worldintellectualpropertyco.com researchco.org coimmigrationlaw.com uslifeinsuranceco.com preciousmetalco.com petroleumco.net glitzco.com fhqtradingco.com coatedfabricsco.com rechietayco.org singaporetrustco.net The aim of this video is to explain what gTLDs are, why you need as many as possible, the ... Some of the Generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs) offer cheap / free web sites, which are abus... In June, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) announced a progr... Get ready for the next big .thing An overview of New gTLD's (new generic Top Level Domain... Learn about DNS terminology: Root Top-level domain (TLD) Fully-qualified domain name (FQDN... In June 2012, ICANN published its list of almost 2000 applied-for new generic top level do... Although ICANN began accepting applications for new generic top-level domains earlier this... Generic Top Level Domains Are Rumored To Be Available Soon on the Web. We're talking abou... A Top Level Domain is the bit at the end of web address, right of the last dot. There aren... The first 100 The Infographics Show fans to use this link will get 10% off their first dom... Latest News for: co educate Lincoln Journal Star 19 Jul 2019 corporations ... During the floor debate, Rep ... × ... {{title}} ... Bobby Scott, D-Va., the chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee, are willing to accept that tradeoff ... Mark Pocan, D-Wis., co-chairman of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, said the bill is popular back home and far from Trump's characterization of Democrats as "socialists." ... .... Overdose deaths down in Kentucky The Richmond Register 19 Jul 2019 Van Ingram, executive director of the Office of Drug Control Policy, pointed to education and treatment programs along with other "harm-reduction" efforts as factors in the lower death toll ... said "the more education, the more treatment, the more recovery, the better.".... Obituary for Everett Clarence Darco The Tribune Greeley 19 Jul 2019 Everett Clarence Darco. May 24, 1955 – July 13, 2019. It is with great sadness we say goodbye to our loving husband, dad, grandpa, son, and brother Everett Clarence Darco, 65 of Windsor, CO ... Born to Everett J. & Gloria M ... and Natalie ... Memorial gifts may be made to “Craig Rehabilitation Hospital” in care of Adamson, 2000 47th Ave., Greeley, CO 80634 ... .... What are gTLDs (generic Top Level Domains)? \| 123-... Generic Top Level Domains Suck... Generic Top-Level Domains... ICANN New gTLDs (new generic Top Level Domains)... Board Votes to Launch New Generic Top-Level Domain... DNS Terminology... How New Generic Top-Level Domains Will Change the ... Generic Top Level Domain Name Update... How To Become Rich With New Generic Top-Level Doma... ANA Responds to ICANN Opening Top-Level Domain Mar... Generic Top Level Domains Opening Soon... What is a Top Level Domain (TLD)?... Internet Domain Name Sold For $872,320,000... Shake Skin, Kodakid Money Or Graveyard, Gudda Gudda Willy Wonka, Gudda Gudda Raw, Gudda Gudda Picture Me Rolling, Gudda Gudda What You Talkin Bout (ft. Cory Gunz), Gudda Gudda Break Em' Off, Gudda Gudda Demolition Freestyle Pt 1, Gudda Gudda No One Else Matters, Gudda Gudda Every Sound, Gudda Gudda Sacrifice, Gudda Gudda Get It, Gudda Gudda Young Money Hospital, Gudda Gudda The Dungeon, Gudda Gudda Bedrock, Gudda Gudda Extraordinary, Gudda Gudda Can You See Me (feat. Hones-t), Gudda Gudda Always Love You, Gudda Gudda Hold it Down, Gudda Gudda Good Morning, Gudda Gudda Let Me In, Gudda Gudda What A Girl, Gudda Gudda Whatever You Do, Gudda Gudda The Vent Part 2, Gudda Gudda Right Here, Gudda Gudda New Born, Gudda Gudda Big Dawg, Gudda Gudda I'm Leaving, Gudda Gudda Ride 4 Me, Gudda Gudda Guddaville 3 (intro), Gudda Gudda Red Rum Outro, Gudda Gudda Everyday I Do It, Gudda Gudda Guddaville (freestyle), Gudda Gudda Hammer Time, Gudda Gudda Shoe Box, Gudda Gudda Walk With Me, Gudda Gudda Small Thing To A Giant, Gudda Gudda Shake Skin Gotta go now baby, don't go now Gotta go now baby, don't go (x4) Yeah, the streets are full And the crowds they are out on the town And I'm feeling so high I'm going out with the world tonight With the shake of the skin Lady luck she aint waiting for him And the beat of the drum Man I don't think I'll ever be done, no We're alright, we're ok We're alright We all on the street and we're making our way I'm feeling so high And we're making our way Down the streets where the people play Lady luck she ain't waiting on him And we all getting locked In the clubs with funk and the rock Gotta go now baby don't go We're okay Lady luck she ain't waiting for him Man I don't think I'll ever be done We all on the street and we're making our way (x2) Penn State board keeps in-state tuition flat in coming year The Milton Standard Journal 19 Jul 2019 MEDIA, Pa ... The move follows recent decisions by Temple University and the 14-school State System of Higher Education to keep tuition at current rates for the coming school year ... ....... Deliveroo has expanded its services for restaurants by launching a new platform for buying ingredients ... Following a year-long UK trial of the scheme, it has been made available to all restaurants in the UK this summer. Please log in or register with belfasttelegraph.co.uk for free access to this article. Sign In. New to Belfasttelegraph.co.uk? Sign up.... Meghan McCain shares video of father shutting down supporter who called Obama an 'Arab' after ... The Hill 19 Jul 2019 'This is how history's worst episodes begin' McConnell ... I love you Dad and I've never missed your leadership more.https.//t.co/OdXvTqlH4u— Meghan McCain (@MeghanMcCain) July 18, 2019ADVERTISEMENT ... “No, ma’am ... “He’s not ... https.//t.co/84wYhThfdx— Rick Wilson (@TheRickWilson) July 18, 2019 ... https.//t.co/vyvS8FJa5y— Kaz Weida (@kazweida) July 18, 2019 ... ....... Metro UK 19 Jul 2019 Has Breda McQueen chosen her next victim? (Picture. Channel 4) ... Advertisement. Advertisement ... That is the way she thinks.’ ... If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us celebtips@metro.co.uk, calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you. MORE ... MORE ... .... "WONDER" Makes World Premiere At Outfest Los Angeles Film Festival On July 20th At TCL ... I hope it inspires people to let go of who they believe they have to be, and to open their hearts to discover who they really are," says Gabriel Furman, Co-Creator/Writer/Producer ... as an important part of our unique greatness," states Javier Molina, Co-Creator/Director/Producer.... The Brownsville Herald 19 Jul 2019 Landecker said Thursday she wed her fellow "Handmaid" co-star Bradley Whitford with their children and dogs, Izzy and Otis, as witnesses ... ....... WeWork Co-Founder Has Cashed Out at Least $700 Million Via Sales, Loans Wall Street Journal 19 Jul 2019 Adam Neumann, co-founder and largest ...... John Vellinger of Techshot Commercial News 19 Jul 2019 Techshot co-founder is pictured at the company's payload operational control room in Greenville. The aerospace innovation company has developed and sent numerous research devices to the International Space Station ... .... East Haven Dems pick Carfora for mayor, seek unity — but BOE selection gets messy New Haven Register 19 Jul 2019 EAST HAVEN — The Democratic Town Committee went into Wednesday night’s endorsement caucus with one important advantage over the town’s Republicans, who are headed for a mayoral primary. Unity ... Then they got to the Board of Education — where all hell broke out ... He hesitated before adding the name of DeLucia ... .... Drake student’s trip to Africa a life-changing experience Charles City Press 19 Jul 2019 Emma Williams went on a trip. Not just any journey, mind you ... There were lions, and cheetahs ... “The kids just loved being with us ... Topics researched, discussed and presented focused on education, health care, microfinance and agriculture ... Although we did that,” said Williams ... Go to Africa.” ... She also visited primary and secondary education schools ... ....	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16694
__label__cc	0.702454	0.297546	4.1 million vinyl albums were sold in the UK in 2017 Written by:Gabriela Helfet Published on:January 3, 2018 14 of the top 20 albums this year were reissues. Sales of vinyl records are at their highest level since 1991, reports the BPI, with 4.1 vinyl albums sold in the UK in 2017. 14 of the top selling albums of the year were reissues, with Amy Winehouse’s Back To Black making the top 5 for the third year in a row. Vinyl now accounts for roughly 3% of all music consumed, including digital, streaming, and physical releases. The list of best selling records may be divided by a little too much Sheeran for our liking, but hey, baby steps. Check out the top albums sold in 2017 below, via Official Charts. Top 20 vinyl albums sold in the UK in 2017: 1. Ed Sheeran – Divide 2. Liam Gallagher – As You Where 3. Fleetwood Mac – Rumours 4. Guardians Of The Galaxy – Awesome Mix 1 Original Soundtrack 5. Amy Winehouse – Back To Black 6. Rag’N’Bone Man – Human 7. Pink Floyd – The Dark Side Of The Moon 8. Beatles – Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band 9. Oasis – What’s The Story Morning Glory 10. David Bowie – Legacy 11. Radiohead – OK Computer 12. Bob Marley & The Wailers – Legend 13. Noel Gallagher’s High Flying – Who Built The Moon 14. Stone Roses – The Stone Roses 15. Nirvana – Nevermind 16. Beatles – Abbey Road 17. Queen – Greatest Hits 18. Nirvana – Unplugged in New York 19. Guardians Of The Galaxy – Awesome Mix 2 Original Soundtrack 20. David Bowie – The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust Vinyl cover art explored in new exhibit at kunstmuseum basel VinylVideo: The technology that lets you play records on your TV set “Don’t play it safe”: Detroit legend DJ Bone on innovation and creativity Over 7.6 million vinyl LPs were sold in the US during the first half of 2018 © The Vinyl Factory 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16698
__label__cc	0.685695	0.314305	ClimateProgress Think Progress Header Logo Hamburger icon Open More Menu The 5 Most Damning Revelations From The CIA’s Report On Bush-Era Torture Igor Volsky Dec 9, 2014, 4:09 pm Former CIA Director Michael Hayden, who oversaw the agency under George W. Bush CREDIT: AP On Tuesday, the Senate Intelligence Committee released a summary of a 6,000 page report investigating the CIA’s use of enhanced interrogation techniques in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Though former Bush administration officials — who officially approved the methods in August of 2002 — have argued that the revelations could endanger American security at home and abroad, the report completely discredits the former president’s long-standing claims that torture prevented attacks against America and helped capture high value terrorist targets. Below are its most damning revelations: 1. Torture didn’t stop a single terrorist attack. “At no time did the CIA’s coercive interrogation techniques lead to the collection of imminent threat intelligence, such as the hypothetical ‘ticking time bomb’ information that many believe was the justification for the use of these techniques.” 2. The CIA lied about the success of torture in obtaining intelligence. Even though the CIA cited numerous examples of success, the report found that those instances could not be attributed to torture and that “[i]n some cases, there was no relationship between the claimed counterterrorism ‘success’ and any information provided by a CIA detainee during or after the use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques.” Ultimately, the “CIA representations were inaccurate and contradicted by the CIA’s own records. The CIA’s internal review also identified numerous inaccuracies in the CIA’s effectiveness representations — including representations to the President.” The CIA also misrepresented the reactions of senators who objected to the torture program, like Sens. John McCain (R-AZ) and Ron Wyden (D-OR). The CIA “informed the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel in classified settings that no senators had objected to the enhanced interrogation techniques that the CIA then sought to use against detainees. “ 3. Not everyone approved of the torture policy. “Internally, CIA officers regularly called into question the effectiveness of the CIA’s interrogation techniques, noting how the techniques failed to elicit detainee cooperation or produce accurate intelligence.” 4. The torture methods were far more brutal than originally reported. The “CIA applied its so-called enhanced interrogation techniques in near non-stop fashion for days or weeks at a time.” Detainees were forced to stay awake for up to 180 hours while “standing or in painful stress positions, at times with their hands shackled above their heads.” Some were kept in a “dungeon” that was completely dark and were “constantly shackled in isolated cells with loud noise or music and only a bucket to use for human waste. “ At least one detainee was told he could only leave CIA custody “in a coffin-shaped box.” The government also rectally force-fed detainees. 5. Water-boarding caused physical harm. Even though the CIA told the Department of Justice that water-boarding did not physically harm detainees, the report concludes that it induces “convulsions and vomiting.” During one session, Saudi Arabian al Qaeda-linked Saudi citizen Abu Zubaydah became “completely unresponsive with bubbles rising through his open full mouth.” President Obama released a statement responding to the torture report revelations on Tuesday. Expressing gratitude for those who worked “to devastate core al Qaeda, deliver justice to Osama bin Laden, disrupt terrorist operations and thwart terrorist attacks,” the President distanced himself from Bush-era torture policies, saying the report “reinforces my long-held view that these harsh methods were not only inconsistent with our values as a nation, they did not serve our broader counterterrorism efforts or our national security interests. Moreover, these techniques did significant damage to America’s standing in the world and made it harder to pursue our interests with allies and partners.” “Rather than another reason to re-fight old arguments, I hope that today’s report can help us leave these techniques where they belong — in the past,” the statement concludes. “Today is also a reminder that upholding the values we profess doesn’t make us weaker, it makes us stronger and that the United States of America will remain the greatest force for freedom and human dignity that the world has ever known.” Pitch Us Think Progress Footer Logo © 2019 ThinkProgress	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16699
__label__wiki	0.618634	0.618634	My college age kid went into a bit of shock for the first few days and then found time to spend at a local bookstore (I see that as an improvement). I did invest in a regular ole’ antenna for the TV, so I can catch the local channels (which are about 50 here in TX), and after reading your article purchased a Roku 3. My kid has an Xbox, Wii, and PS3 so streaming online content was already possible, I got the Roku for the main television and not to cause another issue of “shell shock” by taking over the kid’s PS3. Last Edited: 5th January 2019 The content of biblemoneymatters.com is for general information purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. Visitors to biblemoneymatters.com should not act upon the content or information without first seeking appropriate professional advice. In accordance with the latest FTC guidelines, we declare that we have a financial relationship with every company mentioned on this site. The Roku's selection of channels is as good as it gets: Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, Vudu, Crackle, HBO Go, MLB.tv, NHL, NBA, Epix, and a lot more. It would be nice to see some better support from people like NBC, ABC, CNN, and other news channels, though—right now, the channels are either audio podcasts only or clips of popular shows, but rarely full episodes. The Roku also recently got the Plex app, which allows it to play items from a Plex media server—perfect for those few movies you've ripped or downloaded. It also contains a few of Plex's streaming channels, but not all of them are available at the time of this writing. Still, Plex is a very nice touch to a device that previously couldn't play those files at all. I have direct TV. Am senior on disability and social security. My bundle has been raised to over two hundred. I only get between eight and nine hundred a month for everything including food. I like history channel, HGTV, and Westerns. I don’t watch news or sports. Can you explain as simply as possible what and how I can do this. I live in a small town in Florida gulf coast if that makes a difference. I cannot continue to do what I have been. what’s your best advice? Already have internet for grandson online college. You've voted on your favorites before—and many of you voted for one of these five—but we decided to test all five for ourselves and see what they can do. Each device has its own niche and advantages, but they all aim to serve your movies and TV shows to you without the need for a cable subscription or library of discs. Here's a quick rundown of what each box supports: Prime Video not only has thousands of TV shows and movies available to stream on-demand. You can also subscribe to add-ons if you want to get access to more channels and content. There are Amazon Video add-ons for: Showtime, HBO, Acorn TV, Comedy Central Standup, Cheddar, Con TV, Comic Con, Curiosity Stream, History Vault, and more. See the chart below for the full list of channels you can get with Amazon Prime Video. General idea: CuriosityStream, or as Mashable called it, "the Netflix of non-fiction," is a unique streaming service that wants to help viewers explore their universe through non-fiction documentaries. Hashtag edu-tainment. (And yes, you read that right. Three bucks a month.) Instead of offering a mix of different channels like traditional streaming services, CuriosityStream offers over 1,500 science, history, and technology documentaries that wouldn't be found on many popular channels. Topics include famous assassinations, nature, evolution, and a whole lot of space stuff. It's like your own personal museum, but you don't have to blow all your money for a ticket and don't have to deal with someone's kid running around. Unless it's your kid, that is. In addition to its main English language channel RT International, RT UK and RT America, RT also runs Arabic language channel Rusiya Al-Yaum, Spanish-language channel Actualidad RT, as well as the documentary channel RTDoc. RT maintains 21 bureaus in 16 countries, including those in Washington, D.C., New York City, London, England; Paris, France; Delhi, India; Cairo, Egypt; Baghdad, Iraq; and Kiev, Ukraine. It employs over 2,000 media professionals worldwide.[3] This year alone, some 6 million people are expected to ditch satellite and cable, causing a major pain point for the providers of digital entertainment. Welcome many of the same companies (DirecTV and Dish Network), along with YouTube, Hulu and Sony, in a different sort of offer. A smaller collection of channels, along with broadcast TV locals, no equipment required, and an average price of around $40 monthly. (Along with your internet subscription.) There are drawbacks, most having to do with content licensing restrictions. Netflix still has a good number of films in its vast library that are unavailable for streaming. With Hulu Plus, TV shows are generally embargoed until at least the day after their original network air dates. And there can also be restrictions on which seasons of a show are available. Perhaps most frustrating, licensing terms for some shows stipulate that while they can be watched on a computer or mobile device for free on Hulu's website, they are prohibited from being viewed on the TV even with a paid Hulu Plus subscription. But remember, an antenna gets you free OTA network channels, so if you're able to work your schedule around the networks' (like in the old days) you can minimize this inconvenience. Launched in 1981 by United Video Satellite Group, the network began its life as a simple electronic program guide (EPG) software application sold to cable system operators throughout the United States and Canada. Known simply as the Electronic Program Guide, the software was designed to be run within the headend facility of each participating cable system on a single, custom-modified consumer-grade computer supplied by United Video. Its scrolling program listings grid, which cable system operators broadcast to subscribers on a dedicated channel, covered the entire screen and provided four hours of listings for each system's entire channel lineup, one half-hour period at a time. Because of this, listings for programs currently airing would often be several minutes from being shown. Additionally, because the EPG software generated only video, cable operators commonly resorted to filling the EPG channel's audio feed with music from a local FM radio station, or with programming from a cable television-oriented audio service provider such as Cable Radio Network. Apple TV and the Roku set top boxes also offer paid subscriptions for NBA, MLB and NHL channels. These aren't cheap, with single season access running close to $200 for some sports. And because home market games are prohibited, these are mostly relevant for fans rooting for their favorite teams from afar. But if you're say, a die-hard Red Sox fan living in L.A., packages like these may be a good fit. I had planed to purchase another set of Terk leapfrog transmitter and receiver , but thanks to an Amazon review on the product I realized that the 2.4 ghz systems where becoming obsolete due to the saturation of WIFI signals .So I deduced that it wasn't that my Terk system failed it was that my neighbor got new internet service . The Nyrius set up works perfectly at 5.8 ghz and I can even run my microwave w/o interference . and it pays for its self because the cable/satellite crooks charge upwards of $7 a month to "rent" additional units . My primary TV in the family room I use this on my kitchen TV ,the remote works a room away no issues . I have additional receivers coming for use on my patio this summer and for the work shop in my garage .Now if only the ... full review Most cord cutters know that there are plenty of ways to watch popular movies and television shows without cable. Netflix and Hulu have made it easy to check out big-budget Hollywood films, and HBO's streaming option has freed TV binge-watchers from the clutches of the cable companies. But what about local content? Many cord cutters don't know how to watch local channels without cable, and may not even realize that they can. Of course, as mentioned above, watching live sports through a streaming service means you’ll suffer a bit of a delay. If you’re watching the game on your own, you probably won’t notice, but you won’t want to follow along on Twitter or read text messages from your friends if you want to avoid spoilers. (Wirecutter staffers sometimes notice the neighbors yelling after an exciting play only to see it happen on our TVs 15 to 30 seconds later.) And if you’re using an older media streamer, we’ve found that Sling TV can start to stutter and lag after streaming a football game for two-plus hours; we “fix” the problem by restarting the app during a commercial break. In designing our guide, we took all of these factors into account and simplified things, designing five bundles of online television programing—one of which, we think, will suit just about any type of TV viewer. For each bundle, we show you the price, the projected savings compared to the 2014 average basic cable price of $66.61, and how many additional a la carte TV seasons (estimated $30 per show) you could buy before cable would be more cost-effective. USDish is an authorized retailer of DISH Network L.L.C. DISH, DISH Network and DISH Network logos are trademarks, registered trademarks and/or service marks of DISH Network L.L.C. and/or its affiliate(s). The DISH Network trademarks, registered trademarks and/or service marks are used under license of DISH Network L.L.C. and/or its affiliate(s). 5202 W. Douglas Corrigan Way, Ste 300, Salt Lake City, UT 84116. RT is a brand of "TV-Novosti", an "autonomous non-profit organization", founded by the Russian news agency, RIA Novosti, on 6 April 2005.[1][7] During the economic crisis in December 2008, the Russian government, headed by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, included ANO "TV-Novosti" on its list of core organizations of strategic importance of Russia.[8][9][10] Rather than purchasing TV Guide Channel carriage rights, some services such as Optimum and Bright House Networks created their own scrolling listings grids, with Optimum's occasionally being interrupted by full-screen commercials, and otherwise featuring banner ads accompanied by music. Bright House's version featured a video inlay of a local news station instead of banner ads, with its overall on-screen presentation otherwise matching that of Optimum's. Other cable providers that did not carry TV Guide Channel carried a similar television listings channel provided by entertainment and listings website Zap2It. DirecTV did not begin carrying the TV Guide Channel until 2004, and began carrying it in an entirely full-screen format (without the bottom listings grid) in 2005. This was also the case with Dish Network, which aired the network in full-screen format to avoid duplication of its set top receiver-integrated IPG, also provided by Gemstar-TV Guide (another satellite provider, Primestar, had also carried the channel with the grid included, until it merged with DirecTV in 1999 shortly after the rebrand to TV Guide Channel). 3/22/16 UPDATE: It's been one month, and I'm still discovering little things. Quite by accident, while viewing a live channel, I pressed the pause button, which froze the picture. On hitting play, the show started from the very beginning, and I noticed "Time Shifting" appear on the screen. I haven't duplicated this, but I believe this is how you may start a live show from the beginning, should you tune in a bit late. There are two basic ways to stream on your TV: you can use an external streaming device or you can simply use a smart TV. In practice, these two things are really just the same. Either way, a little computer is streaming the content and telling your TV what to put on. Whether you opt for the all-in-one solution (the smart TV) or the plug-and-play one (the external streaming device) is really up to you. Also, all of the channels available from any of these cord cutting options are not offered by Comcast. The premium line-ups have to be purchased separately. So, trying to get multiple TVs with full DVR functionality, as well as keeping enough bandwidth for those times when a household is very busy, means not one of these cord cutting choices make any sense. They are over-priced, unless you are a single TV household or live in an area where OTA TV, cable, and phone service is very limited. I hate that Comcast has the upper hand. Verizon was blocked from putting FIOS in my area because I live in Comcast’s backyard. They have all the local politicians in their pocket. These companies like Sling, VUE, and the rest of them, want to see more cord cutting. They need to start putting all the preferred channels in their line-ups and making some offers where packaging premium stations gives a discount. This ala-cart pricing sucks to high heaven. It only benefits those who NEED a cord cutting option. But, it does nothing special for those who are using Comcast. You can also watch free broadcast TV with an antenna — no cable needed. The major US broadcast networks — ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, PBS, and CW — are all available for free over-the-air. Most people can pick up these channels, and 20-30 of others, in crystal-clear HD with a decent indoor antenna. Deciding what kind of antenna you need, however, can be difficult. This antenna guide will help you find which type you need for your home and location in just two easy questions. If you want an even faster answer, this antenna will make most people very happy. It has a great range (50 miles) and will pick up all the best over-the-air channels, plus lots of other features. Many local libraries have movies and television shows on DVD, and some even offer BluRay. Borrowing one is completely free as long as you are eligible for a library card, and you usually have a generous return window too. The only caveats are that your selection may be limited and other borrowers may not have been kind to the DVD when they borrowed it, so some of them may not work. But, when the cost is $0, it isn’t as painful when that happens. What you get: With recently updated pricing, Sling’s Orange package is now $25 and includes about 30 cable channels but no broadcast TV. It supports one user at a time. Sling Blue, also $25 per month, supports three users and a different mix of about 40 channels, including local broadcasts and regional sports. (Among other differences, Sling Orange includes ESPN.) A combined plan costs $40. Themed add-on packs cost $5 per month, and you can add HBO, $15; Showtime, $10; and Starz, $9. "Who wouldn't like to go from a $100+ cable TV bill with a bunch of channels we never watch to $25 for basically the ones we do watch? Yes, there are limits (mainly local TV, but it appears that may be coming soon). We're just glad that we no longer have to be affected by the cable stranglehold and the lack of response to customers who are looking for choice. Do it." Anyways this site has no pop up ads and has every TV show I watch including rare ones like Friends and Scrubs. But also as every Family Guy, Lost, Heroes, and like a thousand other shows. Its really pretty amazing that all of this is free online and so easy to access. I guess it’s not on this list because it is a newer site. But I’m pretty impressed so far. 1. Buy an HDTV antenna. Since 2007, local TV stations have been broadcasting digital signals so crisp that the reception is better than that of cable TV. Plus, despite all the hype about shows on niche networks, 19 of the top 20 TV shows in 2016 aired on over-the-air broadcast networks. That’s why Step 1 is to buy an antenna. These are not your father’s antennas. No rabbit ears necessary. A modern digital TV antenna can be so sleek it will match your decor or so skinny you can mount it out of sight. When Consumer Reports tested antennas ranging in price from $8 to $80, it found the cheapest often performed just as well as the priciest. So try an inexpensive one first and upgrade only if necessary. By 2012, however, Time Warner’s investors were demanding to know why the company wasn’t selling its reruns to Netflix, according to one former Time Warner executive. “We sat out for a few years, and all of Wall Street said, ‘What the hell are you guys doing? You’re leaving value on the table for your shareholders!’ ” the former executive said. “So we relented. That was the beginning of the end.” The chart -- which is too big to fit on this page, so I made it a Google spreadsheet -- answers the question of which streaming local channels are available where. You see, just because a service like DirecTV Now offers Fox, that doesn't mean it offers your local Fox station live. If you live in Asheville, Las Vegas or Schenectady, for example, DirecTV Now doesn't carry your local Fox station. Hulu and YouTube TV do, however. Among Americans who subscribe to traditional pay-TV service (i.e., excluding cord-cutters and cord-nevers), basic cable came out on top as the top choice for TV viewing on Cowen & Co.’s survey. Still, Netflix was a very close second: For those who subscribe to a traditional TV package, basic cable was the top response (26%), followed by Netflix (24%) and broadcast TV (19%). You will instantly get over 100 channels, and there are tons more that you can add along the way. PlayLater is software for your computer or mobile device that records streaming media, saving it to your device for future viewing. If you already have a streaming device or gaming console, you've already got most of the features offered by this software, but for $39.99 for lifetime access, you won't waste a lot of money trying it out.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16700
__label__cc	0.561086	0.438914	The only choice out of the top three that plays commercials, Hulu is best loved for its selection of current seasons of popular TV shows, most of which show up on the site soon after their original air date. For those who want to have their cake and eat it, Hulu also offers a luxurious, commercial-free way to stream its growing catalog of original shows, network content. It will cost you $6 more a month, but we think it’s well worth it if you’re leaving behind the bonds (and ads) of cable. On 17 April 2012, RT debuted World Tomorrow, a news interview programme hosted by WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. The first guest on the program was Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.[61][62][63] The interview made global headlines as Nasrallah rarely gives interviews to Western media.[64] Commentators described this as a "coup"[65][66] or a "scoop".[67] WikiLeaks described the show as "a series of in-depth conversations with key political players, thinkers and revolutionaries from around the world."[68] It stated that the show is "independently produced and Assange has control"; WikiLeaks offers a "Broadcasters license, only".[47] That does sound like a good idea. Great review again! I may opt for that instead of say the apple tv, since the projector is made already to mirror my laptop screen. I would be getting the best of both worlds for a fraction of the price. I could actually get by just keeping the laptop connected and mirror the screen for anything online. With that in mind, I’m curious to know if there exists wireless speakers that I can set up across the room which can stream audio coming from the laptop. Would there be a delay? Direct TV Now is a streaming service from AT&T that offers live TV programming over the Internet. It gives you access to over 60 live channels for $35 per month. This includes popular stations, such as CNN, the Hallmark Channel, ESPN, the Disney Channel, HGTV, TBS, Discovery, Bravo, Animal Planet and Bloomberg, among many others. But you can also choose to add HBO, Starz or Showtime for an extra $5 to $8 per month. Laura M. LaVoie resides in a 120 square foot house in the mountains of Western North Carolina. There she has a solid internet connection and access to some of the best craft beer in the country. Email her at [email protected] Disclosure: Streaming Observer is supported by readers. Articles may contain referral links. For more information, see the disclosure at the bottom of the page. Many rely on their cable provider for home phone service. Like most of their services, it can be replaced with a much cheaper internet based service. For those who need a little more than a cell phone after they ditch their cable TV subscription, I recommend PhonePower (formerly BroadVoice.) They are an affordable and reliable phone service provider that uses your existing internet connection. Since cutting cable TV, my family doesn’t miss our cable TV package one bit. We use our cell phones to replace the home phone, which we thought we would miss but don’t. We especially don’t miss the telemarketers. The kids initially missed a few channels, but now they are content fighting with each other over which of the thousands of kids’ shows at their disposal they will watch during their TV time. Chromecast – Chromecast devices work a little differently than their competition. The idea with Chromecast is that you choose what to watch on some other device, then sling the screen on up to your TV. So with the itty-bitty Chromecast dongle plugged into your TV, you'd then turn to your laptop, smartphone, tablet, or other device and fire up Netflix or whatever else you want to watch. Then, with the touch of a button, you could put the stream up onto the TV. It's affordable and simple, but the drawback is that it's a bit harder to collaborate with others when choosing what to watch. I have Spectrum Wi-Fi, and I use Sling TV. Also, I have one router and a Roku on three TV’s and I get Sling on all, and can have all three on at the same time. Why is Spectrum only allowing you one TV, if you don’t mind my asking? I’m not much of a TV person, however, I’ll watch HLN all day! ? I also like Oxygen, HDTV, History. I’ve never had any problems with Sling. You can go into settings and add, take away channels, and they do it instantly. I pay $5.00 a month for the DVR/Demand and record stuff I’m missing while watching news. I’m writing this in response to the above post asking about news channels. ? Have a great day! The moment for me when the idea of dropping TV service became a long term prospect rather than just a short term experiment so I could write this article, was when I plugged in the antenna. The fact that I can get such high quality output, for network and PBS channels I had been paying for makes it hard for me to envision going back to a cable TV subscription. In addition, I have to sit through far fewer commercials (though I suspect that may change over time). Watching Netflix movies on the TV is much more satisfying than on the smaller computer screen and of course the freedom to watch current TV programs on my own schedule is a huge benefit when juggling the demands of work and family. I know there will be times during the year when a sports event I want to watch will be unavailable. But there's just no arguing with the dramatic cost savings. Pay TV is undeniably a richer experience, but is it worth a 330% premium? Not for me. For special situations, an outdoor TV antenna is also a great option for those who want to get local channels without cable. Channel Master has a line of highly functional outdoor TV antennas that are designed for circumstances that include areas in low-range reception, dual-tower locations, or low-VHF signal reception. Channel Master's outdoor TV antennas vary from long-range directional to multi directional with a variety of signal distance ranges from 40 miles to up to 100 miles - and everything in between. CBS News: Not to be confused with CBS's nightly and weekly broadcasts, this round-the-clock streaming service provides anchored news coverage throughout the day and live broadcasts of major events. In a sense, it's an antidote to cable news, with a heavy emphasis on reported stories instead of talking heads. For cord cutters, it's a must-see. Available on: Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Android TV, and Xbox Consensus: We'd pay for Hulu just for access to the originals. The thought of that, plus access to live TV and most of the classic channels you'd want from cable anyway (except for Viacom, RIP) isn't a bad gig. However, other premium services like DirecTV NOW and PlayStation Vue offer more channels in their base package for the same price (or less), so if you weren't with Hulu in the first place for the non-live stuff, you'll probably want to look elsewhere. But if all you want are some basic news channels plus a few extras, Hulu is where it's at. DIRECTV NOW is another great way to watch Fox News online without a cable subscription. DIRECTV NOW is a live streaming service that offers a minimum of 65 channels for just $40 a month. If you’ve been holding on to cable afraid to cut the cord, you’ll find that DIRECTV NOW is a true cable replacement. The only difference is that DIRECTV NOW is much cheaper than cable and the only equipment you need is a streaming device, computer, or mobile device. You won’t need a cable box or satellite dish. Even if you’re only going to watch a few of these shows, the only way to do it is with a subscription, so buying just the programs you want to see isn’t an option this time. The same is true for another prestige network, HBO, which offers its shows exclusively through cable or a new $15 per month streaming option called HBO Now (unless, of course, you don’t mind waiting months to buy the latest of Game of Thrones episodes on iTunes). With these three services in hand, you should be able to fill in any gaps with a few single-season purchases. If you aren’t willing to spend the money for any of the above options, some of the networks will stream events like the Superbowl for free on YouTube or within their own app for smart TVs and mobile devices. The top networks know that people are cutting off their cable subscriptions in droves, and in order to keep them interested in the sports they broadcast, they are coming up with new ways for you to watch. So, just check with the channel that will be airing the event you want to see and find out if they are going to allow the public to stream it for free, with commercial interruptions, of course. On FOXNews.com, you can watch some clips of news coverage and read about the day’s events. However, it’s not a true FOX News live stream like the one you’d see on cable or one of the services described above. This can help you keep up with breaking news, but not much more. The content changes often and you won’t get a complete FOX news live stream for free. On June 11, 1998, News Corporation sold TV Guide to Prevue Networks parent United Video Satellite Group for $800 million and 60 million shares of stock worth an additional $1.2 billion (this followed an earlier merger attempt between the two companies in 1996 that eventually fell apart).[13][14][15] At midnight on February 1, 1999, the Prevue Channel was officially renamed to the "TV Guide Channel," and new graphics were implemented. With the rebranding, the hourly segments featured on the channel were revamped, with some being retitled after features in TV Guide magazine – including TV Guide Close-Up (which profiled a select program airing that night), TV Guide Sportsview (which maintained the same format as Prevue Sports, making the segment more similar in format to the listings section's sports guide than the color column of that name in the magazine), and TV Guide Insider (a segment featuring behind-the-scenes interviews). General idea: If award-winning originals like The Handmaid's Tale and all seasons of Rick and Morty don't already do it for you with Hulu, knowing that there's a super simple one-package live TV option with Hulu might do the trick. Plus, if you already have the non-live Hulu account, merging the two and not having to sign up elsewhere makes the process way less stressful. Hulu only has one on-demand package, which makes things simple if you didn't want to have to make a decision between packages. It'll give you over 40 channels including local broadcast channels, CNN, Disney, FX, Oxygen, ESPN, and more. One slight drawback is that Hulu does not do Viacom, meaning channels like Nickelodeon, Spike, Comedy Central, or MTV, are not available. I also had the same problem as you and Cara. my laptop is HP, I have a Samsung TV that works perfectly well with HDMI both audio and picture. Once I hook to Sony sound comes out from the laptop regardless of how many times I choose TV speakers and enable them. So, my solution, like Cara's was that every time I hook my HP to Sony, I go to sound mixer and disable my laptop speakers. Automatically the Sony speakers start working afterwards. Now, to listen to your laptop speakers again, all you have to do is again go to volume mixer icon, choose laptop speakers and allow it to configure again. The problem will solve itself and show u a "fixed" message when it is done. The downside is every time I rehook it to Sony I have to disable the laptop speakers again, then reinstall them once I am done. Hope that helps. Cable-replacement streaming services work exactly the same as having cable — live channels presented in real time — except they come streaming over the Internet rather than via an analog wire. The upside is that you don't have to give up the channels that you love. Sling TV carries multiple ESPN stations, plus Cartoon Network, TBS, Bloomberg, CNN, History and dozens of others. PlayStation Vue offers SyFy, Spike, USA, VH1, Fox News, Nickelodeon and more. You can also record programs to watch later on PS Vue, just like you would with a cable DVR box. Before you’ve canceled your cable or satellite subscription, you’ll investigate what’s available to you via an HD antenna. For people in urban areas, a good HD antenna likely offers all four major networks (FOX, ABC, NBC, and CBS), along with as many as 10-15 other selections (PBS, CW, etc.) in HD resolution, all for free. To make sure you’ll get decent reception, you can simply buy one and try it out, ask around the neighborhood, or try this antenna analysis tool which will tell you which channels you can expect to receive in your area. During the 2008 South Ossetia War, RT correspondent William Dunbar resigned after the network refused to let him report on Russian airstrikes of civilian targets, stating, "any issue where there is a Kremlin line, RT is sure to toe it."[229] According to Variety, sources at RT confirmed that Dunbar had resigned, but rejected that it was over bias. One senior RT journalist told the magazine, "the Russian coverage I have seen has been much better than much of the Western coverage... When you look at the Western media, there is a lot of genuflection towards the powers that be. Russian news coverage is largely pro-Russia, but that is to be expected."[230] A couple years ago, some services decided it wasn't enough to just provide some a la carte streaming of shows. They wanted to provide what is pretty much a full cable-television subscription experience over the internet. These are those services. They won't necessarily give you super-granular control over content like you'd have with a regular streaming service, or even moreso with a DVR recording stuff off the air, but they give you access to a lot of content you might not otherwise get without a cable subscription—especially news and sports. Those who want to see non-British foreign television have ample options, too. In addition to the aforementioned Acorn (which also features programs from Canada and Australia, among other countries), both MHz Choice and Walter Presents have well-curated collections of European series, with a particular emphasis on the many great Scandinavian crime dramas. And the increasingly popular TV coming out of South Korea is available on DramaFever, Viki, and Kocowa. Although these drawbacks sound fairly significant, streaming sports can work out well if what you want to watch is available on your service of choice. For example, football fans can pay $20 to $40 a month during the college and NFL seasons, stream almost all the games to any device, and then cancel when the season ends; if you want to watch only March Madness, a single month of streaming will get you access to all the games. Another way catch to prime-time network television is the combination of Hulu On-Demand and CBS All Access. This combination will provide several hit prime-time shows on CBS, ABC, NBC, FOX, and The CW. You can try a one-week free trial from Hulu to see if you like the service. If you’re looking for PBS shows, they can be accessed through the PBS app. It is available on almost any device. The most famous of the cheap HDMI brands, Monoprice has dozens of options to chose from. The linked cable is "Premium Certified," which is actually a certification. It basically means the cable is more or less guaranteed to work with 4K and HDR. The Premium Certified logo isn't required for 4K HDR, but if you see a cable that's Premium Certified and has the matching hologram and QR code, it's a pretty safe bet it will work. We've covered the first in depth already, but our discussions of that all-important second thing are spread across hundreds of posts. Our how-to pieces, of course, offer some great answers to the question of how to watch TV without cable. But, when it comes right down to it, our reviews and many of our news pieces are focused on how to watch TV without cable, too. So are lots of our email newsletters and many of the external links we include in our Friday Round-Ups. That adds up to a lot of posts to answer one seemingly simple question, and all of that information can seem a bit overwhelming. The truth is that you have a bunch of ways to watch local channels online and over-the-air. Thanks to the rise in skinny bundles and the resurgence in popularity of over-the-air TV, cord cutters are once again enjoying local news and other local programming without having to go crawling back to traditional pay TV providers like cable and satellite companies. This is our complete guide to watching local channels without cable. Apple TV ($149 - $199): Similar to the Amazon Fire, the Apple TV is fantastic for dedicated Mac families, allowing them to sync programing between iPhones, iPads and laptops. Apple also has one of the better interfaces for finding and organizing content, with an app simply called “TV” that’s designed to function a lot like a DVR, keeping the latest episodes of your favorite shows in an easily accessible queue. Note: Netflix shows can be searched via the "TV" app, but they can't be added to its queue; users are simply redirected to the Netflix app. One last point on what to watch: If you really want to pay only for what you want to watch and nothing else, don’t forget that iTunes, Amazon, Vudu, Fandango Now, Cinema Now, Google Play and others will gladly sell or rent you movies and episodes of TV series, to watch on your computer or TV. If you’re thinking of your various subscriptions as an analogue to cable, then think of this option as akin to the old-fashioned “pay per view.” The fees can add up if you watch a lot, but these vendors have some free videos, too. Cinemax, HBO, and Showtime are all add-on options like they are with regular Hulu. Sports and news stations galore. You can "record" 50 hours of programming to the cloud-based DVR or upgrade it to 200 hours for extra; it also costs more to have access to Hulu with Live TV on multiple screens. Hulu with Live TV is on a more limited number of devices but includes all the usual suspects: a browser, iOS, Android, Roku products, Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Chromecast, Xbox, and Samsung Smart TVs. Try if free for one week. Prime Video enables you to watch an extensive library of both movies and TV shows for just $8.99 per month, after a 30-day free trial. You can also subscribe to more than 100 premium channels, including HBO, Showtime and Starz, as well as dozens of regular TV channels. However, unlike regular cable TV, you only have to pay for the channels that you actually watch. Hi to everyone tuned into this conversation here. First off, Peter I have to thank you for sharing your advice and putting it out on here for all of us to benefit from. I’m just beginning to embrace this shift in the way TV is consumed. (I’ve admittedly but proudly been without TV and cable for the past 3 years). I just had a projector, a dvd player and a super nes. DirecTV Now has deals with all four major networks (ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC), and some customers will be able to access local feeds of these channels. There's more to DirecTV Now than local channels, of course – it divides its service up into paid tiers with different numbers of channels available. You're free to get whichever bundle calls to you, but you'll only need the smallest one (“Live a Little,” which costs $40 per month) to get all of the major networks that can be streamed in your area. You may also be able to snag regional sports networks if you move up to the “Just Right” package ($55 per month) and beyond. Read our review of DirecTV Now here. Fubo TV is a sports-centric service that also offers a number of other channels including local OTA stations (except ABC) -- and more RSNs (regional sports networks) than any other service. Especially for fans of professional baseball, basketball and hockey teams, Fubo might be the only way to watch regular-season games without cable. There's no ESPN, however, and a convoluted user interface and high price mean it's not the first service we'd choose.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16701
__label__wiki	0.791782	0.791782	Prime Video is a nice hybrid of an all-you-can-eat streaming service like Netflix, plus a video-on-demand store, with plenty of original content to go with it. It's "free" to anyone with a Prime account, which is best known for giving customers free two-day shipping—but you can also get Prime Video for $8.99 a month as a standalone service, with none of the other Amazon extras. Local major network affiliates have their own transmitters, so it's likely that your area gets channels like ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC free over the air – and that's not to mention other common over-the-air channels like PBS and Univision. How many channels are available and how big of an antenna you'll need to pick them up will vary by region, but getting the answers to these questions is pretty simple. Check out our free over-the-air TV explainer and our complete guide to choosing an antenna and getting free HDTV over the air for more important information. There's a reason that this is the classic solution to the problem of how to watch local channels without cable or satellite. If YouTube is a staple of your cord-cutting experience—and with millions of hours of video uploaded every second, it probably should be—then maybe this paid experience will be to your liking. After a one-month trial, 10 bucks a month gets you completely ad-free YouTubing—plus access to original shows behind the paywall. These aren't TV shows in the classic sense, but originals created by YouTube stars. YouTube also partnered with big names like Eminem and Katy Perry, as well as the Sundance Film Festival. You also get access to YouTube Music and Google Play Music. Don't confuse it with YouTube TV, which we discuss below. The channel selection is pretty extensive—but far from everything. You won't find CBS on this service, naturally. But premium channels are available as add-ons; in fact, some of what you'd see on basic cable—like SyFy, USA, Fox and NBC—are only available to you on Sling TV by paying a bit more for the Sling Blue package for $25 per month. Then there are more "Lifestyle Extra" add on packages to get other channels you may want; those usually add an extra $5 per month to the price. Like with any of the live TV stream services, check the channel offerings thoroughly before you subscribe to make sure they have what you want. Finally, though you probably already know this, you can watch your home teams, local news, and, yes, even LOST without cable. In fact, these are the easiest types of shows to get because they're free and just require a TV antenna to capture. If you have an HD-ready TV, you can even pick up high-def channels. Not sure what kind of antenna gives you the most bang for your geographical buck? AntennaWeb will help you figure out which antenna works best for your house based on where you live, and even tell you which way to point it. But you're here to watch TV online, so let's get to it. In an episode of The Truthseeker, named Genocide of Eastern Ukraine, they claimed that the Ukrainian government was deliberately bombing civilians, had murdered and tortured journalists, as well as crucifying babies. Ukrainian army forces were accused of "ethnic cleansing" and were compared to the Nazis in World War Two. The only response to the allegations in the broadcast was in the form of a caption saying "Kiev claims it is not committing genocide, denies casualty reports", which appeared on screen for six seconds. According to Ofcom the broadcast had "little or no counterbalance or objectivity".[26] Philo does lack the comprehensive app and device support of its rivals. For a long time only Roku, iOS devices, and the Chrome browser were supported, but the service came to the Apple TV and Amazon Fire TV devices in July 2018. Philo claims even more devices are on the way, but for now, the truncated device support is a drawback. That said, if you have a supported device and don’t mind skipping sports and the big networks (or can find them with an antenna), Philo is the most affordable way to get live TV. For more on the service, check out our Philo guide. But cable providers didn't factor in that the internet they provide would become their worst enemy via access to streaming video. Services like Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon Video are the most well-known names in what's become known as "cord cutting"—doing away with pay TV and using over-the-air (like the old days) or internet-based services to get all your "television" programming. That means no more paying a huge monthly fee for thousands of hours of TV you don't watch (in theory). Instead, you pay individual services for a la carte programming. It's a lot like paying for just what you watch. Almost. Hi, We have been considering giving up our Directv for sometime, Running across this forum has made the decision for us. I see that a Chromecast would be needed per TV that you want to use. My question is, Does a laptop or computer HAVE to be used to do any of this? We have a PS3, So would I be able to use the PS3 for Hulu, Netflix, Playon, and whatever other channels we find? And the other question is, On any of these options, can you watch the show/movie live or do you have to wait a week or so after it airs? We are more worried about our shows like Outlander, Game of Thrones, Big Bang theory, Homeland, etc?? The interface is very pretty and shockingly easy to use. Plug in your USB drive and go to "Files" to start playing them. Have some files stored on the network? Just go to Movies or TV shows and add it as a source. Head to Services for streaming channels like Netflix, Hulu Plus, Vudu movies, MLB, and a few others. The remote is a traditional remote that feels a little cheap, but works as well as you'd expect. The interface is also somewhat configurable, letting you view your movies and shows in a few different list formats. Beware of free trials with Sling TV. I have had a bad experience with them in this regard. They offer them, but give you know way to get out of them until after you have already received your first $19.99 charge. They will refuse to refund your money and are not at all customer friendly. I find their “Take the Money and Run” tactics shady, at best. In my case having cable TV is the bargain over high speed internet. I called and asked for what they call “limited service” cable — it gives me the major networks, with QVC, FAM, all the spanish channels and two public broadcasting stations thrown in, for $17.00 a month. The high speed internet was costing me $52 a month, so I reluctantly let it go. Watching TV online is no bargain at all for me. RT has been frequently described as a propaganda outlet for the Russian government[11] and its foreign policy.[12][13][14][15][16][17] RT has also been accused of spreading disinformation[17][18][19] by news reporters,[20][21] including some former RT reporters.[22][23][24] The United Kingdom media regulator, Ofcom, has repeatedly found RT to have breached its rules on impartiality and of broadcasting "materially misleading" content.[25][26][27][28] RT's editor-in-chief compared it with the Russian Army and Defence Ministry, and talked about it "waging the information war against the entire Western world."[29] September 2017, RT America was ordered to register as a "foreign agent" with the United States Department of Justice under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. Under the act, RT will be required to disclose financial information.[30] In May 2013, RT announced that former CNN host Larry King would host a new talk show on RT. King said in an advertisement on RT: "I would rather ask questions to people in positions of power, instead of speaking on their behalf."[76][77] As part of the deal, King would also bring his Hulu series Larry King Now to RT. On 13 June 2013, RT aired a preview telecast of King's new Thursday evening program Politicking, with the episode discussing Edward Snowden's leaking of the PRISM surveillance program.[78] And even though the monthly price generally starts off higher than satellite, you won’t see the same kind of second-year price hikes with cable. This makes it easier to budget for up front since you won’t be falling for sweet promotional deals that come back to haunt your bank account in 12 months. Also, because cable doesn’t require contracts, you have a lot more flexibility than satellite. Unfortunately, if you live in a rural area, you may not have cable as an option. Hulu got its start as an on-demand streaming service that competed with Netflix and the rest of the streaming video on demand (SVOD) crew. These days, Hulu is in the skinny bundle fray as well: its Hulu with Live TV service offers a single base package that costs $39.99/month and offers more than 55 channels, including live feeds of all four major networks in select regions. Hulu with Live TV also has regional sports networks in some markets. You can read our review of the service here. YouTube TV ($40/mo.): YouTube’s newest venture entered the market as one of the cheapest and simplest. Its channel package is small, there aren’t that many add-ons at the moment, and the service isn’t even available in every city or town in the United States yet (although the range is expanding every day; check here for updates). But if watching local stations live matters a lot to you, then you should know that YouTube TV is making that the cornerstone of its business — along with unlimited DVR cloud storage and enough portability that you should be able to shift easily from one device to another while watching a show you’ve recorded. Reviewing Julian Assange's show World Tomorrow, The Independent noted that Assange, who was under house arrest, was "largely deferential" in asking some questions of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, who himself was in hiding. However, he also asked tough questions such as why Nasrallah had not supported Arab revolts against Syrian leaders, when he had supported them in Tunisia, Yemen, Egypt, and other countries.[64] The New York Times journalist Allesandra Stanley wrote that "practically speaking, Mr. Assange is in bed with the Kremlin, but on Tuesday's show he didn't put out" and that he "behaved surprisingly like a standard network interviewer."[61] Douglas Lucas in Salon wrote that the RT deal "may just be a profitable way for him to get a gigantic retweet."[47] Glenn Greenwald, who has been a guest on RT,[148] wrote that RT presenting the Julian Assange show led to "a predictable wave of snide, smug attacks from American media figures".[149] Mark Adomanis rebuts some of the "fevered denunciations" against RT and Julian Assange in an article in Forbes.[67] A Moscow Times writer noted that RT has received "considerable" criticism in general.[43] While DirecTV Now is more for the type of customer who is looking to replace their cable service, AT&T WatchTV is more like Philo. You shouldn’t look at it as a replacement for all of your live TV needs. Instead, look at it as a supplement to on-demand streaming services like Netflix. If you’re mainly a binge watcher but want the occasional bit of live TV, WatchTV might be for you. Throw in an HD antenna and you’ve got a pretty good setup. Req. compatible device and Fios® TV. Content restrictions may apply. Fios Internet req’d for in-home use. Full channel access and DVR streaming require Fios Multi-Room DVR Enhanced or Premium Service. Max. combined 4 simultaneous Live TV and/or DVR streams per media server. Verizon Wireless Data-Free Streaming: Req. postpay 4G LTE service. Non-streaming activity and app diagnostics (e.g., app downloads, starting/restarting the app, going off airplane mode and transitioning from Wi-Fi to 4G LTE) will incur data charges. For Verizon Unlimited customers, app data usage will be counted, not billed. Sling TV is one of the better value options out there, because you can get a lot of the most popular channels for only $25 a month. However, if you’re a binge-watcher, you’ll love Hulu with Live TV’s huge on-demand library, which currently has 10 full seasons of Adventure Time (aww yeah homies!). YouTube TV is great, but it may not be available in your area just yet. We just started using PlayStation Vue. So far we really like it. I looked into Sling TV when we were getting ready to cut the cord, but then I came across PlayStation Vue and it had more channels and more of the channels we as a family wanted. My husband gets a ton of his sports channels, including the Golf channel and we still get Disney Jr. for our son. We also have Netflix and a HD antenna for local channels. PlayStation Vue was only $5 more a month so it was worth it for us. We access it through the Amazon Fire stick. I’m hesitant to cut the cord with cable tv due to my husband’s sports. He watches ESPN (a couple of different ones), and the Big 10 Network. Other than these sports channels, we mostly only watch the regular network channels. If I had the food network and HGTV I would watch them, but I can do without them just fine too. Hubby does like the DVR feature that our ‘big name’ cable company provides. But the monthly prices keeps climbing! Any suggestions you have for us? TV Everywhere apps are what many TV networks use to give viewers access to content on demand. Some popular ones include Discovery, History, Food Network, Comedy Central, Smithsonian, NBC, ABC, and FOX — but there are lots more to choose from. You can download TV Everywhere apps for your phone, tablet, or streaming device such as Roku, Apple TV, and Amazon Fire TV. These antennas are compatible with all televisions made since 2007 (when built-in digital tuners became a federal requirement) and they plug directly into the coaxial port in back of your TV. Once plugged in, you simply have your TV scan for available digital signals. Most TVs have a signal meter display that shows just how well each channel's signal is being received. For vast libraries of movies and TV content prior to the current season, I recommend getting the 30-day free trial to Amazon Prime. Another big reason to get Amazon Prime is the option of adding Showtime and Starz with your subscription. For just $8.99 per month, you have every TV show and movie offered by Starz and Showtime just as if you had the network with a cable provider. The network was originally conceived in 1981 as a barker channel service providing a display of localized channel and program listings for cable television providers. Later on, the service, branded Prevue Channel or Prevue Guide and later as Prevue, began to broadcast interstitial segments alongside the on-screen guide, which included entertainment news and promotions for upcoming programs. After Prevue's parent company, United Video Satellite Group, acquired the entertainment magazine TV Guide in 1998 (UVSG would in turn, be acquired by Gemstar the following year), the service was relaunched as TV Guide Channel (later TV Guide Network), which now featured full-length programs dealing with the entertainment industry, including news magazines and reality shows, along with red carpet coverage from major award shows. Sling TV offers two base channel monthly packages: Sling Orange ($25) and Sling Blue ($25). Sling Orange offers popular channels like ESPN, but is limited to a single stream — meaning subscribers can only view on one device at a time. Sling Blue offers many of the same channels as Orange along with a whole lot more, but is also missing some key channels, ESPN among them. On the flip side, Sling Blue offers NFL RedZone as part of the Sports Extra add-on package, a must-have channel for NFL fans. Viewers can sign up for both packages and get a discount, bringing the total to $40 per month. Perhaps KMSL is expressing her disgust for an “unsightly antenna” on someone else’s property. All utilities are underground, and there is this terrible obstruction to a clear sky view, lol?. Growing up, it was a sign of distinction and prosperity when someone had an antenna on their roof, because it suggested they had a television! I remember, when some of us 16-year-olds would drive around with the windows up in the heat of summer to make others think we had air conditioning in our cars.. it’s interesting how status symbols have changed.. Great! You’re already half way there! What I would do next is take a look at Hulu, Sling TV, CBS All Access, etc. to find out which option has the majority of what you want to see. If that company does not cover sports you may have to purchase an add on for it. As far as local sports, you might consider an antenna if you can’t get coverage otherwise. By the early 1990s, United Video began encouraging cable systems still using either the full- or split-screen versions of the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr. to upgrade to the Amiga 2000-based Prevue Guide. Active support for the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr. installations was discontinued in 1993. Like the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr., Prevue Guide also ran from bootable 3½ diskettes, and its locally customizable features remained configurable only from the local keyboard, subjecting viewers to the same on-screen maintenance-related interruptions by local cable company employees as before[9] (silent remote administration of locally customizable features would not be added until the "yellow grid" appeared shortly after the beginning of the TV Guide Channel era, when the Amiga platform was fully abandoned). To support Prevue Guide's new, satellite-delivered video and audio, each Amiga 2000 featured a UV Corp. UVGEN video/genlock card for the satellite feed's video and a Zephyrus Electronics Ltd model 100 rev. C demodulator/switching ISA card for manipulating the feed's audio. Also included were a Zephyrus Electronics Ltd. model 101 rev. C demodulator ISA card for the WGN data stream, and a Great Valley Products Zorro II A2000 HC+8 Series II card (used only for 2 MB of Fast RAM with SCSI disabled).[10] The 101C fed demodulated listings data at 2400 baud from a DE9 RS232 serial connector on its backpanel to the Amiga's stock DB25 RS232 serial port via a short cable. The 101C also featured connection terminals for contact closure triggering of external cable system video playback equipment. Philo is unique among the other skinny bundle internet TV services in that it does not offer any sports channels. That means if you love both MTV and ESPN, Philo is not the service for you. By eschewing sports channels, Philo is able to offer entertainment-only networks for a low cost, but this does ultimately create a more niche service, compared to other options like Sling TV and DirecTV Now. You won’t get any sports coverage at all with Philo. In general, streaming hardware all works the same way. The device connects to both the Internet (via Wi-Fi or Ethernet) and your TV (via HDMI), streaming content from channels that are either free or require a monthly subscription. You browse through channels directly on your TV screen via a remote. A large part of the appeal here is that you choose which channels you want to subscribe to. Netflix and Hulu Plus, the most popular channels (available on the Apple, Roku and Google devices) provide access to a robust selection of movies as well as current and past TV shows. Amazon Prime has a long list of perks for its members, but one of the lesser-known incentives is the ability to augment your Prime Video library with a handful of curated TV channels. Compared to the other services here, Amazon Prime’s channel add-ons don’t pose much competition. Prime simply offers a small number of channels supported currently by just Fire TV. The most notable difference is price. Skinny bundles get their name from the fact that they “bundle” together various cable TV channels for a lower cost and deliver these channels live streaming over an internet connection. This reduces costs significantly. The average cost of a “skinny bundle” is around $40-$50 per month, compared to the $100 average cost of a cable bill. The upper echelon of antennas starts with the 8 Element Bowtie. It boasts lots of features like a 70-mile range, and is 4K ready out of the box. But where this antenna really shines is in its design, which allows for multi-directional signal pickups. The bracket allows for both sides to be adjusted to catch multiple signals, if possible, which will only help with channel clarity and numbers. Some of the live TV services offer Turner Classic Movies as part of the standard package; some put it in one of the pricier tiers. Check the channel packages available in your area, and if you can get one that offers TCM without charging too much, start there, then add Amazon Prime Video and add FilmStruck, which is also strong on foreign classics. Sadly, we can’t get signals via an antenna due to buildings and trees. Antennas require line of sight. Cable and streaming are our only options, but streaming is very limited when it comes to local news. We’re seriously considering cutting the cable and watching PBS News Hour for national and international news, but local news is, at this time, the problem. I remember when cable TV first started and we were told we’d have options and it would be affordable. For us, neither has come to be. Now with HDTV we are unable to receive signals through the airwaves. Feature-wise, Philo is similar to the other services above (and cheaper, to boot). DVR access allows for recording and storing content, though, like Playstation Vue, your DVR content will only stick around for a limited time — 30 days, in this case. Another feature Philo includes is the ability to access content from pay-walled apps for channels carried by Philo. For example, since Philo’s channel packages includes AMC and Nickelodeon, you’ll be able to download and watch through the dedicated AMC and Nickelodeon apps at no extra charge by signing in with your Philo account. And, as I so often say over on Cordcutting.com, saying goodbye to cable doesn’t have to mean saying goodbye to live TV. Everything cable has to offer can be matched by cord cutting alternatives – and that’s true even of the local stations that offer you local news, sporting events, and more. Here’s how to watch local channels on your TCL Roku TV, no cable required. On September 18, 2014, CBS and Lionsgate announced that TVGN would be relaunched as Pop in early 2015, with the rebranding later announced to occur on January 14 of that year.[35] with its focus shifting toward programming about pop culture fandom. The network would carry 400 hours of original programming following the rebrand, including a reality show starring New Kids on the Block and the Canadian co-production Schitt's Creek.[36][37] Pop was made available on AT&T U-verse on March 1, 2016.[38] On November 19, 2015, it was announced that Impact Wrestling, the flagship show of what was then known as TNA Wrestling, would move from Destination America to Pop beginning January 5, 2016.[39] That series departed Pop at the start of 2019 for the Pursuit Channel after Pop declined to continue airing it. History appears to be on your side if you're ready to cancel your traditional paid TV subscription. The Video Advertising Bureau released a report suggesting that the number of households without a cable or satellite service in the United States has just about tripled since 2013. As the report doesn't take cable replacement services into account, the actual number might be even higher. A high definition simulcast feed of the network (broadcasting in the 1080i format) was also launched that year; it was added to various providers through the renewals of TVGN's existing carriage contracts. The high definition feed only carries the channel's entertainment programming, with no overlays or hardware used to provide listings information. The final agreements with providers which specified that the channel carry a listings scroll ended in June 2014.[34] Some providers, such as the municipally-owned cable system in Frankfort, Kentucky, continue to carry the scroll without any video programming on a separate channel (such as a local origination channel) for customers who subscribe to the provider's analog service. Start with Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, tack on an HBO subscription to the latter, and consider paying for the Brit-centric streaming service Acorn as well. You’ll have plenty to watch, all commercial-free, and if you hear a lot of buzz about a show that isn’t available through any of those platforms, you can always pay for them on an episode-by-episode basis from Amazon (or iTunes, Vudu, or whichever digital retailer you prefer). General idea: Crunchyroll is Netflix for anime. And it's seriously awesome. With a premium account, you'll get access to over 900 anime shows (for reference, Netflix only has 50 titles). Find old favorites like One Piece, new releases straight from Japan like Megalobox, as well as a wide selection of manga and even a number of live-action J-dramas. If you're an anime newbie, check out Mashable's full rundown on Crunchyroll and our resident anime expert's suggestions on the best shows to watch. Cable stinks, but it didn't always stink, and its channel bundles include some great stuff. That inspired the companies behind the major live TV streaming services to set out to beat cable at its own game. They began to offer pay TV “multichannel” services – industry lingo for cable- and satellite-type pay TV bundles – only they slashed the size and the price of cable's bulky bundles and offered folks a key selection of channels for less. And since these services stream online, you can watch them anywhere and on almost any device. For decades, consumers who wanted just a few channels had to pay for all of them. Comcast or DirecTV couldn’t offer, say, MTV without also including Viacom’s less popular channels such as TV Land. While consumers wanted to pay for single networks on an a la carte basis, the industry fought attempts to break the bundle into smaller, less expensive pieces. A lot of people pay a lot of money in order to be able to watch the TV shows that they want, when they want. In the process they end up spending upwards of $500-1000 a year, mostly for programming that they don't watch. If they would just look a little deeper they might find that there are a lot of free or low cost options out there, and they can get a lot of the same TV shows, movies and other video content for free. Investors also pressured media companies to take Netflix’s cash. Take, for instance, Time Warner Inc., which is now owned by AT&T Inc. While Disney, CBS, and others licensed many of their old shows to Netflix, Time Warner initially held out. Starting in 2009, Time Warner and Comcast Corp. tried to rally the industry around an idea to slow Netflix by making TV episodes available online—but only to cable subscribers. The idea was called TV Everywhere. Thanks for mentioning Fancast. We think our offerings are second to none, and in addition to Fox and NBC shows like Family Guy or The Office, we ALSO have great Viacom hits like The Colbert Report, The Daily Show and South Park – as well as an extensive collection of classics. Your readers might be interested to see the full list of our TV library, all of them free, and full-length of course. It’s at http://www.fancast.com/full_episodes FuboTV ($34.99/mo.): Although it is best known for its wide array of international sports networks — it’s particularly ideal for fans of soccer and college athletics — FuboTV also includes a solid package of basic cable outlets and some local network channels. The service offers 30 hours of cloud DVR storage and a “three-day replay” function, giving subscribers three days to watch broadcasts that they forgot to record (with some exceptions because of licensing limitations). We’re torn on this policy. On the one hand, you get a pretty good deal for the first year of service. But on the other hand, price hikes suck. Especially when your monthly price doubles for the second year. It’s a pretty big knock on DIRECTV. But as long as you’re aware of the jump up front, you can plan on it., and you still get a decent deal over the life of your contract. Vladimir Putin visited the new RT broadcasting centre in June 2013 and stated "When we designed this project back in 2005 we intended introducing another strong player on the international scene, a player that wouldn't just provide an unbiased coverage of the events in Russia but also try, let me stress, I mean – try to break the Anglo-Saxon monopoly on the global information streams. ... We wanted to bring an absolutely independent news channel to the news arena. Certainly the channel is funded by the government, so it cannot help but reflect the Russian government's official position on the events in our country and in the rest of the world one way or another. But I’d like to underline again that we never intended this channel, RT, as any kind of apologetics for the Russian political line, whether domestic or foreign."[79][80] Some also concluded that the streaming service could be good for ratings after seeing the success of AMC’s Breaking Bad. The drama about a meth kingpin drew more than 10 million viewers in its final episode in 2013 after past seasons began appearing on Netflix. That compared with 1.4 million viewers for the first-season debut in 2008. Fans had caught up on the old seasons on Netflix, then tuned in to the current season on TV, they thought. I put a couple of units to the test and found that the new breed of antennas really work as advertised. In an environment like New York City with numerous obstacles to transmission towers, a major selling point of cable TV in the analog era was that it was the only reliable way to get a clear signal from the free network channels. But today, on a lower floor of my Brooklyn brownstone, I can get 60 OTA channels with a small tabletop antenna like the $50 Mohu Curve, which has a 30-mile antenna range. It did take a bit of trial and error to find the spot in the room with the strongest signal for most stations, but I got the best results by placing it near a window. Consensus: If you're a PlayStation household, this is hands-down the service to choose for obvious reasons. While Vue certainly isn't worthless to other devices, its packages are slightly pricier than competitors who offer mostly the same channel selection. However, if you value channels like HBO and Showtime, PlayStation Vue's Ultra package is a better deal than purchasing those channels as add-ons elsewhere. I returned several before I tried this ClearStream 4V. This time, however, I did pair my antenna with an amplifier. Now I'm not sure if that actually made a difference, but I was finally picking up some channels so I didn't want to mess with it anymore! I am getting 16 digital channels, which I know isn't much compared to what most people are able to pick up, but given the fact that I live in the middle of no where (we don't even have cell phone service at home), I am happy. Hulu is a great option if you want to watch Hulu original series or currently airing shows soon after they broadcast (along with many past seasons). The only catch? Unless you want to upgrade to the commercial-free version ($12), you’ll have to sit through some repetitive ads. So if you’d rather not wait to keep watching, maybe cough up the extra four bucks. Still, it's one of the best alternatives to cable tv on the market. A study involving Professor Robert Orttung at George Washington University states that RT uses human interest stories without ideological content to attract viewers to its channels. Also between January and May 2015, the Russian-language channel actually had the most viewers, with approximately double the number of the main channel, despite only having around one third the number of subscribers.[99] 3. If you would prefer to pay less than $19.99 per month and don't mind watching most major TV shows a day after they air, consider Hulu Plus which is $7.99 per month and can be used on more than one device at a time (unlike Sling TV). Amazon Prime is another good way to go if you're a movie buff and want other perks like free music, books and kindle books for around $8 per month. For those fed up with their cable or satellite TV company, there has never been a better time to cut the cord. Streaming video services are giving traditional cable and satellite TV stiff competition by delivering live sports and prime-time TV programming online, often for a drop in price, while premium channels like HBO and Showtime are available as separate streaming services or add-on bundles. CBS All Access ($5.99/mo. or $59.99/yr. with commercials; $9.99/mo. or $99.99/yr. without): There are several basic cable and major broadcast channels moving into this arena, too, looking to lure customers with exclusive content. CBS has been making the boldest moves here, packaging a library of new and old CBS shows alongside in-demand original series like “Star Trek: Discovery.” CBS All Access also allows for live-streaming of your local CBS affiliate (with some restrictions based on market, program and/or device). What you get: YouTube TV offers access to live TV from up to 50 providers, including all the major networks. It also has a cloud DVR with unlimited storage, and you can set up to six individual accounts. Thanks to a recent expansion, the service is now available in most national markets. With YouTube TV you also get the original programming on YouTube Red Originals. You can add Showtime for $7 per month, Starz for $9 per month, CuriosityStream for $3 more per month, or AMC Premiere for an additional $5 per month. Take your onscreen encounters to the next level with a standalone or bundled Spectrum TV packages. The Silver package equips you with over 175+ HD-enabled TV channels, including exclusive content from Premium Channels like HBO®, SHOWTIME®, and Cinemax® For those interested in a complete home entertainment solution, Spectrum provides 2-in-1 & 3-in-1 bundle packages. Spectrum TV™ packages feature exciting combinations of high speed internet, HDTV and/or voice services. The company's premier TV Silver + Spectrum Voice™ 2-in-1 package provides full Local & International calling coverage, in addition to all the perks associated with the Spectrum TV Silver package. Now, who knew watching television could be this much fun (and easy)? Subscribe to a Spectrum cable TV package TODAY! This is a question about the very short mention on F.T.A. TV. What stations can I expect to see? I used the C band & K for sports like NFL etc. years ago. It is still sitting out back, all 10′ of it. I don’t mind getting a decent HD F.T.A. box, but how many will I need, one for each TV? Will programs like NATGEO still be there? History & HGTV & especially ESPN? What I love about using Playon is that it integrates very nicely with my xbox 360. I can use my regular remote to watch tv shows, movies/etc through playon, just like i would with a regular dvd player or network media player. i don’t have to have a keyboard and mouse sitting on our coffee table at all times, i can just navigate to the playon folder on the xbox, and start watching shows on the big screen. I also have an old media computer hooked up to our big tv, but i rarely turn it on anymore because of the nice setup with playon. When we went through the ordering process for Spectrum and got all the way to the check-out, we realized we never got to choose which DVR we wanted. Spectrum offers both Motorola and Cisco DVRs (neither of which stand out from competitor DVRs like the Genie or Hopper 3), and as far as we can tell, you get whichever one Spectrum decides to send you. Also put up 2 antennas in the attic – pointing in different directions to pick up 66 over the air broadcast stations. Almost half of those are religious, so not of any interest to our family, but I suppose folks on this site would like that. Also get 7 PBS subchannels, all the major networks, usually with 2-3 subchannels each, a number of Spanish, Vietnamese, Indian and a French news station. Some are extremely low quality (controlled by the broadcaster trying to have 12 subchannels on a single frequency), but the major channels are 1080i or 720p and fantastic. Visit tvfool.com to see which stations you should be able to get with different types of antennas and mounting difficulties. It also provides compass headings to point the antenna. For most people, the same antenna from 1970 works fine, so no added cost. There is no such thing as an HDTV antenna – only the digital change for signaling happened, nothing different on the RF side. The easiest way to get several local channels is to get an antenna. There are many different antennas to choose from, but if you are serious about having great reception for the games, an outdoor antenna is the best way to go. When I cut off our DirecTV subscription, I just unplugged the coax cable from the satellite dish and plugged in my outdoor antenna in its place. The antenna needed to be pointed in a different direction than the satellite dish though, so if you go this route, make sure you know which direction you need to point the antenna. A lot of these shows are from years ago, so binging one episode after the other is a go. However, if you're watching a new one and you're not in Japan, keeping up can get difficult with other services. While other streaming sites (like 123movies) may not have new episodes up until a day later, Crunchyroll posts them within the hour. PCMag's review writes: By May 2009, 35% of households carried the network's programming without the grid; by late 2011, 75% of the systems carrying the channel were showing its programming full-screen.[29] By January 2013, that number increased to 83%, and it was expected that by the following year, 90% of households will be viewing the network in full-screen mode, without the grid listings.[30] Some cable systems that abandoned use of the grid on TV Guide Network began moving the channel from their basic service (where it was carried at minimum on a "limited basic" programming tier, alongside local broadcast stations and public, educational, and government access channels) to their digital tiers. This also resulted in the phase-out of its use as a default Emergency Alert System conduit for transmitting warning information applicable to the provider's local service areas (some providers also previously used TV Guide Network's channel space for an alternate or overflow feed of a regional sports network for sports rights conflicts, though as dedicated HD channels have launched for the RSNs and new carriage agreements with the channel precluded EAS or RSN overflow use, this use was negated). Hi Peter, I’m sorry to sound so ignorant, but I have no Internet service, cable or satellite t.v. We do have a xbox. Is there a way to watch t.v. through our xbox? Please tell me if there is. We are so tired of watching our same DVD’S over and over. My son’s are nine and eleven, so they get really tired of the DVD’S. Could you please send me an email? Thank you so much! At the beginning of January 2009, the print edition of TV Guide quietly removed its listings for TV Guide Network (and several other broadcast and cable networks) over what the magazine's management described[21][22] as "space concerns". In actuality, the two entities had been forced apart by their new, individual owners, with promotions for the network ending in the magazine, and vice versa. TV Guide magazine journalists also no longer appeared on TV Guide Network. The top-line "plug" for the network did, however, remain intact on the websites of internet-based listings providers using TV Guide's EPG listings. TV Guide Network's program listings returned to TV Guide magazine in June 2010, with its logo prominently placed within the grids. With Spectrum TV, for example, you get access to live TV streams for any of the networks in your tier of service. There's also lots of on-demand content for individual shows and some movies. It integrates channel guides and search for select shows/movies. If a channel (or show on a channel) that isn't available to you shows up on a menu, it's generally grayed out. And you can mark shows as favorites so they're easier to follow. But what's annoying is it takes a lot longer for a show to appear in the on-demand section—three or four days, instead of just one with a show on Hulu or even a network's own app, for example. This is not to say that only PlayStation users should adopt PS Vue; the service’s robust channel listings will appeal to anyone who wants lots of stuff to watch, and it could be a good option for larger families sharing one account. PS Vue lets users create up to 10 user profiles, with up to five streams at a time. It’s also worth looking into if you’re an Apple TV user. In October 2018, the service became the first to be integrated into the TV app available on Apple TV and iOS devices. This lets you access all the entertainment options you have installed — PlayStation Vue included — from one place, including upcoming games for sports fans. 49. Video Surf – According to the site, “Using a unique combination of new computer vision and fast computation methods, VideoSurf has taught computers to “see” inside videos to find content in a fast, efficient, and scalable way. Basing its search on visual identification, rather than text only, VideoSurf’s computer vision video search engine provides more relevant results and a better experience to let users find and discover the videos they really want to watch.” Let’s see about that, shall we? The lowest pricing tier here offers standard definition streaming on one screen at a time. Mid-tier adds High Def and would allow you to watch a Netflix show on your TV at the same time that another family member was watching something different on his or her own device. The top tier includes 4K streams and covers four screens for simultaneous viewing. Today you've got plenty of options. Six major services -- DirecTV Now, Fubo TV, Hulu with Live TV, PlayStation Vue, Sling TV and YouTube TV -- stream multiple channels of live TV over the Internet, including local channels. Each has its plusses and minuses, including pricing (starting at $25 per month), features (like cloud DVRs) and user interface, but the biggest differentiator is channel lineup.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16702
__label__wiki	0.557241	0.557241	In 1991, Prevue Networks launched Sneak Prevue, a spin-off barker channel that was exclusively used to promote programming on a provider's pay-per-view services; it displayed full-screen promos (augmented by graphics displaying scheduling and ordering information) and a schedule of upcoming films and events airing on each pay-per-view channel based on either airtime or genre. The channel was also driven by Amiga 2000 hardware, and its software was as crash-prone as the Prevue Guide software itself. TV Guide Network ceased operations of Sneak Prevue in 2002. A 2007 article in the Christian Science Monitor wrote that RT reported on the good job Putin was doing in the world and next to nothing on things like the conflict in Chechnya or the murder of government critics.[210] According to a 2010 report by The Independent, RT journalists have said that coverage of sensitive issues in Russia is allowed, but direct criticism of Vladimir Putin or President Dmitry Medvedev was not.[40] Masha Karp wrote in Standpoint magazine that contemporary Russian issues "such as the suppression of free speech and peaceful demonstrations, or the economic inefficiency and corrupt judiciary, are either ignored or their significance played down".[211] In 2008, Stephen Heyman wrote in The New York Times that in RT's Russia, "corruption is not quite a scourge but a symptom of a developing economy."[38] Speaking after the launch of RT America, Garry Kasparov said "Russia Today is an extension of the methods and approach of the state-controlled media inside Russia, applied in a bid to influence the American cable audience".[15] Fios: Offer valid thru 4/3/19 for qualified new custs. Subject to change. Availability varies. Gigabit network connection to your home. Actual speeds vary due to device limits, network and other factors. Avg. speeds betw. 750-940 Mbps download / 750-880 upload. Limited time online offer for new TV and Internet residential customers subscribing to a Fios Triple Play bundle. Promo rates via bill credits and increase after promo period. Price guarantee applies to base monthly rate only. 2-yr. agr. req’d. Beg. mo. 2, up to $350 ETF applies. $12/mo. STB, $12/mo. router charge, $4.49/mo. Broadcast, up to $7.89/mo. Regional Sports Network and $0.99/mo. FDV Admin. fees apply. Other fees, taxes, & terms may apply. Auto Pay (ACH or bank debit card only) & paper-free billing req’d. Subj. to credit approval & may require a deposit. Do you have a bundle? If you are currently bundling your internet with your cable — and possibly your cellular plan, you may have a bigger complication. The major communications companies like AT&T have spent the past several years building and marketing systems designed to keep their customers “in the family” by packaging a variety of necessary services and then sending one bill. Before you embark on this cord-cutting adventure, be sure to do some comparison-shopping in your area to find the right I.S.P. for you that accounts for your entire internet, phone and cable bundle. DIRECTV also offers more full-time high-definition (HD) channels than anyone, and it has the ability to record up to 200 hours of HD video content. So whether you’re tuning in to see Tom Brady’s piercing baby-blue eyes or just want to marvel at the realistic zombie makeup on The Walking Dead, you can expect a crystal clear picture for both live TV and recorded shows off your Genie DVR. This powered antenna does do a better job than my old set of rabbit ears when hooked up to my 42" hdtv, but not that much better. The best part is that because it gets some strength of all my local channels I don't have to add anything after running SETUP ANTENNA on my tv, plus I don't have to aim this antenna, but I do have to aim my old one. The signal is clear, but I can't see any real difference between the powered and unpowered. We interviewed about 20 current and former industry executives and analysts to understand why traditional television has started losing its foothold in America’s living rooms. Some blamed their peers for decisions that made cable too pricey or opened the door to online competition, and many declined to be identified for fear of angering business associates. In reality, almost everyone played a role in jeopardizing the business. yah this article is on point ive used slingtv, have netflix….i used to work for cable company ISP…. you dont need cable a HDTV antenna WILL work and the apps like terrariumTV or crackle plutotv are free and have just as good content….for you adult swim watchers youtube most people host livetsreams free of rick and morty and king or the hill or simpsons futurama….this guy is correct the other commentors are hating and prob work for cable tv currently….i wouls lie to customers about cabletv…truth is you dont need it to get the content you want all you need is plan old reg speed internet and a HD antenna….period If you don't already have one, you'll need an over-the-air HDTV antenna with a coax connector that is able to work as a receiver in your area. Depending on how far away you are from your local channel broadcast center, you might only need an indoor antenna, which you can get for about $15 - $30, or you might need an attic or outdoor mounted antenna, which could cost as much as $150. You can figure out which type of antenna you'll need by using TV Fool's signal locator. That said, if you want a cable-like experience both at home and on the go without the dead weight that a cable subscription brings, then a streaming service is worth a look. There's no contract to sign, and if you don't like the service you're on, you can easily switch. So whether you're looking for a basic package such as Sling TV or want to pay more for a deluxe experience from the likes of PlayStation Vue, there should be a streaming TV service to suit you. Spectrum cable packages give its subscribers the opportunity to watch their favorite TV Show episodes as soon as they get aired, and to catch up easily on previous show installments at whatever time that they may fancy – thanks to the Premium Channels add-on. With popular media production houses like HBO®, CINEMAX®, SHOWTIME®, TMC® & STARZ® to choose from. TV-fiends can now indulge in endless midnight reruns of their preferred show hits and remain comfortably glued to their screens for practically hours on end. Whether it's for tuning-in to the latest episode of Game of Thrones, a baseball match about to go live within an hour, or even a Drake concert that may be thrilling audiences in another part of the globe – with Spectrum TV packages, you can do all these neat things (and, of course, much more!). Your options get a little thinner after the skinny bundles, but there are some other apps to consider. One of these is CBS All Access, which offers local feeds of CBS stations to certain customers. Once again, you'll have to live in certain areas to get the live feeds – and, once again, you can find out how good the deal is for your region by checking out the service's week-long free trial via the link below. CBS All Access costs $5.99/month (you can pay more to get rid of commercials, but that only affects the on-demand content, not the live TV). You can read our full review of CBS All Access here. On the other hand, we found no streaming package with a sport channel lineup more comprehensive than a standard cable package as of late 2017. You also won’t find many popular regional sports networks that carry local MLB, NBA, and NHL teams. You can watch games that local teams play on ESPN and other national broadcasts, but you usually can’t watch every game through streaming-only services. (Many of these regional sports networks may end up under the ESPN umbrella as part of Disney’s planned acquisition of 21st Century Fox, but it’s still to early to say how this move will affect the streaming availability of local games for about half the teams in those three leagues.) In addition, some particular events are subject to their own licensing rules—for example, you can’t watch Monday Night Football through Sling TV on your mobile phone, because Verizon has exclusive rights to stream NFL games to phones. Netflix – Although much of the Watch Instantly movies at Netflix are titles that date back six months to a decade or more, there are a few newer movies if you hunt around a bit, and they've been improving their Watch Instantly service regularly. With unlimited streaming for subscribers and a handy queue feature to remind you of what movies you want to watch, this is a great substitution for paid movie channels from your cable company. Credit: ShutterstockTom's Guide compared all three services head-to-head-to-head, and discovered that Netflix is generally the best of the three. However, the services do not offer exactly the same thing. Netflix is a good all-purpose service, while Hulu focuses on recently aired TV, and Amazon Prime is part of a larger service that also offers free shipping on Amazon orders, e-book loans and other perks. (Viewers who just want Amazon Video without any other perks can now subscribe to it for $9 per month.) We just bought – and returned – what you refer to as a “networked media device,” an LG “wi-fi ready” blu-ray player. Turns out it wasn’t what I’d call “wifi ready” since you had to buy a proprietary wireless adapter from LG to get it connected to a wireless LAN. (To be fair, if you don’t mind 100′ of CAT6 cable running through your house or drilling a lot of holes and fishing cable, you could hook this thing up that way. But, that’s not what we had in mind.) Anyway, it was on sale for $300. Another drawback is that you usually don’t get your local networks with these services. Since most TVs include an integrated HDTV tuner, adding an antenna will give you access to those channels, but you won’t be able to record or time-shift them. Streaming services lag behind satellite and cable by 15 to 60 seconds, too, so if you’re watching sports and trying to avoid spoilers, you’ll probably have to stop checking your Twitter timeline. You can also run into buffering issues, but those are usually due to problems with your Internet connection rather than the streaming service. (Some people have encountered issues during peak shows such as Game of Thrones, but Wirecutter staffers haven’t personally experienced them—it may depend more on your Internet connection and local network speed.) Ultrafast broadband is defined as any broadband connection with a speed of 300Mbps or greater. Gigabit broadband refers to a connection with a speed of 1,000Mbps, so while you might call a gigabit connection 'ultrafast', not all ultrafast connections are a gigabit. Virgin Media is the only widely available provider to offer speeds in this range. However, there are very few cases where such speeds are necessary. If you don't feel like paying exorbitant cable or satellite fees, but still crave the sweet pablum of basic cable programming, you can always try a cable-replacement service. These online streaming subscriptions deliver live (and on-demand) channels over the internet, and while they're not cheap, they're not as hellaciously expensive as traditional cable or satellite fees. If streaming services like Netflix and Amazon Video aren't enough for you, read on to find out how you can reintroduce live TV into your home without signing your life away to an onerous cable contract. The setup I talked about above is only one way to get free or low cost TV content. Another way we get free content at home is through the free over-the-air HDTV channels that are now available to everyone who has a HDTV tuner and an antenna. Did you know that 94 of the top 100 watched shows are shown on network television – that you can get over-the-air? That’s right, Amazon—it’s not just for shopping. It’s a major contender in the online streaming market. A membership to Amazon Prime Video gives you access to a wide selection of popular movies and TV series, plus a bunch of Amazon original series. And if Prime Video doesn’t include the show or movie you want as part of your package, you can usually pay per season or episode, or just rent it. RT America RT America is based in RT's Washington, D.C. bureau, it includes programs hosted by American journalists. The channel maintains a separate schedule of programs each weekday from 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time, and simulcasts RT International at all other times. RT America was compelled to register as a foreign agent with the United States Department of Justice National Security Division under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.[109] English 2010 Netflix: Offer available 1/31 – 4/3/2019 and must be redeemed by 8/31/2019. Valid for 12 months of Netflix service on the Netflix Premium UHD streaming plan for $15.99/month (total value of $191.88) with subscription to eligible Verizon Fios plan. Must maintain qualifying Fios services for 31 days after installation, with no past-due balance to receive a one-time bill credit of $191.88 applicable directly to customer’s Netflix account. A Netflix compatible device (manufactured and sold separately) and broadband internet connection are required. 4K Ultra HD availability subject to device capabilities and content availability. Not redeemable or refundable for cash. Value may be applied to a different Netflix streaming plan; exchanges in this manner may alter the duration of the offer. Netflix Service price plans subject to change. Not available to subscribers billed through iTunes or Google play unless subscriber begins a new subscription billed via alternate payment provider or via Netflix.com. See www.netflix.com/termsofuse Hauppauge TV tuners are solid, but they are not nearly as flexible as HDHomeRun. For example, you have to buy a specific type of Hauppauge if you want to use it with Xbox One – but you can use HDHomeRun on any platform that has an HDHomeRun app. Additionally, Hauppauge tuners are USB devices and have to be plugged in directly. HDHomeRun tuners connect to your network via WiFi, so you can set them up anywhere in your home. You can likely also get a lower rate (a promotional rate) by starting a new cable contract. Although no one likes being tied to a contract, it does reduce your bill. And you may not need to be a new customer to get a new contract: Try calling your cable company and asking about a reduced rate in exchange for a single-year contract. This arrangement carries the risk of paying a penalty if you need to get out of the contract early, but if you’re planning to be in the same place and to keep the same cable/Internet service for the next year, it can save you a good bit of money. “We did it! Finally cut the cable cord. It was an oddly empowering moment. However within a few weeks of basking in our joy and anticipation of the savings we were going to experience we started getting some rather concerning emails from our former cable company about data overages! We could stream to our hearts content while we paid exorbitant rates for cable that supplied us with an endless supply of channels we never used. The minute we took charge that old pesky cable company somehow infiltrated our lives again with the promise of extra fees. We started getting a daily deluge of emails letting us know for a few more drops of blood ... I mean dollars ... we could keep our overages in check and be safe and complacent again. We were floored. But alas we caved but in our small protest we vowed to neva-eva-eva-eva go hungry again... I mean pay for cable again!” ― Lucy Fellows Philo is one of the newer streaming services to enter the market and it’s also one of the cheapest. The service aims at providing value by carrying entertaining channels without expensive sports programming. One of those channels is AMC. At $16 per month, it is now the most affordable way to watch The Walking Dead without Cable. You can sign up for their free trial or read more about them in our review of Philo. However, if you’re a more casual sports fan or a supporter of an out-of-market team, cord cutting is still a worthwhile option. Sling TV—assuming it can hold up under the strain of future events—will give you ESPN and ESPN 2 in addition to a handful of basic cable channels for $20 a month, and for another $5 you can get even more sports options, including ESPN U, ESPNEWS, and the SEC Network. Add in an indoor TV antenna and you’ll also have access to network sports. You probably want amplification, unless you're living next door to the local broadcast tower. They don't make the signal stronger coming in the house; they make an already low signal strong enough for the TV tuner to use. Even some of the flat antennas have amplification options; but amplification ups the cost. Setup is easy, but you'll have to play with the antenna position to maximize reception—just like fiddling with rabbit ear antennas in the 1970s. Some outdoor antennas can work from inside if they're up high—say in your attic—if there isn't a lot of obstruction. Philo, like nearly every other service listed here, gives you a long list of popular cable channels to watch live over the internet. But it differs significantly in what content is supports — or more accurately, doesn’t support. Despite boasting a bevy of channels, including Viacom-owned favorites like MTV and Comedy Central (absent from many competing services), the four major networks — Fox, NBC, CBS, and ABC — are not carried by Philo, nor is anything from ABC’s parent company, Disney. That means, along with no local affiliates, there is also no ESPN. When it comes to locals, though, many viewers can get them over the air with a simple (and affordable) HD antenna for free. Looking back, some TV executives express regret for doing business with an up-and-coming Netflix, and they struggle to justify their decision to do so. Had they withheld shows from the companies, TV executives might have been vulnerable to lawsuits by the Hollywood talent who have a financial stake in a show being sold to the highest bidder. Netflix frequently offered the most money. If you (and your significant other) are comfortable with a larger, more industrial design, the $100 ClearStream 2 is an indoor/outdoor antenna that boasts a 50-mile range. The benefit of the more powerful Clearstream 2 is that I could place it anywhere in the room and pull in 70 channels, ranging from the major networks to PBS affiliates and local Spanish and Chinese language broadcasts. Both the EPG Jr. and EPG Sr. allowed cable operators to further customize their operation locally. Among other functions, the listings grid's scrolling speed could be changed and local text-based advertisements could be inserted. Each text-based advertisement could be configured to display as either a "scroll ad" (appearing within the vertically scrolling listings grid between its half-hour cycles)[2] or as a "crawl ad" (appearing within a horizontally scrolling ticker at the bottom of the screen).[3] If no advertisements were configured as "crawl ads," the bottom ticker would not be shown on-screen. The on-screen appearances of both the Jr. and Sr. versions of the EPG software differed only slightly, due primarily to differences in text font and extended ASCII graphic glyph character rendering between the underlying Atari and Amiga platforms.[4] The following November, RT was again found in breach of Ofcom's impartiality rules. This time in relation to its coverage of the Ukraine crisis, specifically events leading up to the annexation by Russia of Crimea.[246] For repeated breaches of its due impartially rules, Ofcom put RT management "on notice that any future breaches of the due impartiality rules may result in further regulatory action, including consideration of a statutory sanction".[27] The service that started the cable-replacement trend is still one of the best on the market. Sling TV starts off cheap ($20 per month), and while the cost can balloon quickly, depending on your add-ons, this probably won't happen. That's because Sling TV offers two basic packages of channels (Orange and Blue), then lets viewers pick and choose smaller add-ons, which usually cost $5 per month. From sports to comedy to kids' programming to foreign language channels, Sling TV has a little something for everyone. The service's DVR features are not bad, either. If you prefer to pay for only what you watch, and nothing more, you can buy single episodes of shows, as well as movies, a-la-carte. There are a lot of different sources for this: GooglePlay, Amazon Instant Video, iTunes, Vudu, PlayStation Store, Microsoft Store, and more. The prices are pretty much the same from one to another. Expect to pay $2-3 per episode, depending on the show. As far as content goes, Spectrum is relatively expensive for what it offers with one key exception. The Silver TV package gives you access to premium channels like HBO, SHOWTIME, and Cinemax for a better entry price than any other competitor ($84.99 per month). So if you’re really into premium channels, Spectrum might be your go-to for the best bargain. Installed outside on my existing tv tower. I live in Ohio between Cleveland and Toledo. Toledo towers are 40-50 miles to the west and Cleveland towers are 50-60 miles to the east. My wife is originally from the Cleveland area and wanted to have the ability to receive the Cleveland channels. Although this antenna is multidirectional, I mounted it facing east (towards Cleveland). It came with enough cable to run down tv tower into my basement. I then unhooked the direct cable from the splitter that runs to 3 tv's. Each tv had a dvr so I also unhooked each extra cable to those. I then turned on each tv and did the channel search. I get a total of 53 channels. Did you know that people in or near big cities can receive the major network channels (ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, CW), plus PBS and local stations in Hi-Def for free? It’s called broadcast digital TV. I was able to get thirty channels total in Providence, RI and over 100 in Los Angeles, CA. It takes a little leg work to set it up, but I’ll guide you through it. Pretty ubiquitous among the streaming hubs, Sony-owned Crackle offers an eclectic selection of content for free, mostly with ads. We are talking really bad commercials cut in at odd moments in movies—sometimes in the middle of a scene—as if an algorithm handles it rather than a human. The movies tend to be pretty craptacular with occasional gems. It's trying more and more to do original content, like TV show version of the movie Snatch, Start Up with Ron Perlman, and the new cop series The Oath with Sean Bean. It once could brag about having Jerry Seinfeld's Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee but lost it to Netflix. The answer to that will depend on what you’re specifically looking for from television. If your answer is “I want it all,” then honestly, you may be better off sticking with cable or satellite, because getting it “all” piecemeal will likely be prohibitively expensive. But if you have particular areas of interest, cord-cutting is definitely feasible and probably cheaper. (More advice on how to cut your bill without fully cutting the cord can be found in this guide from Wirecutter.) CBS/CBS All Access: The main CBS app includes the latest episodes of the broadcaster's major news programs, including CBS Evening News, 60 Minutes, and Face the Nation. Those programs can be accessed for free on mobile devices and televisions via Chromecast, though other TV devices require a $6-per-month CBS All Access subscription. Available on: Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Android TV, Chromecast, Xbox, and PlayStation 4 Every major television broadcaster (NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX and the CW) has some kind of free content available on their website — some more than others. You might have to poke around a bit to find out if full episodes of your favorite show are available. Sometimes the full episodes are hidden behind a paywall, with only a smattering of episode clips available for free. When talking to people who are interested in cutting the cord, the issue that continually crops up is how to find affordable internet access. Many ask how to obtain internet access without a cable TV bundle. While market competition between internet service providers in the U.S. is extremely low, you can still find deals on high-speed internet only plans without a TV bundle. Like PlayStation Vue, AT&T's DirecTV Now has several tiers, starting with $35 a month, going to $50 for 80+ channels, $60 for 100+, and $70 for 120+. That does include Viacom stations and all the networks except CBS; the priciest plan offers up multiple Starz-related channels; HBO and Cinemax are here but for $5 per month extra each; Showtime is $8 per month extra. With thousands of available “channels,” Roku’s platform connects to virtually every major streaming service online. More importantly, the interface is very intuitive; you can quickly search for content across providers by actor, series, or movie titles, or the specific genre you’re looking for. The Roku interface will even tell you which services offer what you want for free, and which will charge for it. The remote is also super handy, allowing you to control power and volume on most TVs as well as voice search at the press of a button. Hulu and CBS All Access are the best places to start here, with Netflix as a potential add-on. You also may want to invest in an antenna to see if you can pick up a local channel that carries MeTV or a similar retro television service. Also, since the Philo live TV service has Nickelodeon and TV Land (and is super-cheap, starting at a bare-bones package for $16 a month), it might be worth subscribing to that as well. Because of Gemstar-TV Guide's dominant position within the television listings market, listings for TV Guide Channel's own original programming began to appear on the topmost lines of most television listings websites to which the company provided listings data, regardless of which channel number any given cable system carried it on. This also became the case with the print version of TV Guide (which had first begun including the channel in its log listings upon the 1999 rebrand to TV Guide Channel, before moving it exclusively to the grids in 2004, where it remained after the magazine switched to national listings the following year). * It is possible to build an antenna for less than $20 that can receive stations from over 50 miles away. Google for “M4 DB4 antenna DIY” for plans and instructions. A home-built antenna can be specificly tuned to the RF channels in your area. My area still has 5 very important stations in the Hi-VHF range – I suspect most metro areas are in a similar situation, though many stations are broadcasting on UHF now. The VICTONY TV Antenna is a flat panel antenna that sets the standard for the rest of the antennas going forward in terms of just how functional they can be. The antenna is easy to set up since it can be mounted on the wall, behind the TV, or on a window. Just make sure it's getting as clear a signal as possible because that will get you the most over-the-air channels in full 1080p. But don't worry, with a range of 50 miles, you don't have to be right next to any broadcast towers. While I cannot vouch for the legality or the quality of all of these websites, here are 35 a lot of different ways you can still catch your favorite shows and web videos without paying for cable or satellite TV. And while I haven’t tried each and every one of them out for any extended period of time, the first 5 I list are my favorites, to help guide you to some of the ones that work well. I have either given my own opinion of each one or when possible I have taken a blurb from each site’s “About” page to give you a little more info. And if you have a favorite, or you use a site that isn’t listed here, please be sure to mention it in the comments so everyone can check it out!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16703
__label__cc	0.609371	0.390629	Russian agent Maria Butina asks to be released from jail By Rachel Frazin - 04/19/19 09:47 PM EDT Admitted Russian agent Maria Butina has asked to be released from prison and sent back to Russia, according to a Friday court filing. Butina's attorneys characterized her in a sentencing memo Friday as a someone with a bright future that was ruined for helping with "diplomacy efforts," CNN reported. "Nearly a year ago, she graduated with a master's degree from American University with straight A's and bright career prospects. Now, her world has collapsed because of a decision to help and discuss her amateur diplomacy efforts with a Russian official," they wrote. Butina has admitted to attempting to foster positive relationships with conservative U.S. organizations for Russia, particularly with the backing of former Russian politician Alexander Torshin. She is expected to be sentenced next Friday. Prosecutors have not put forth a sentencing recommendation, but her defense team is asking for time already served. She has been in custody since her arrest in July 2018. Butina accepted a plea agreement in which she admitted to conspiring with a Russian government official and an American to infiltrate Republican political groups in an attempt to alter the U.S. political system. "She did not infiltrate the NRA. She joined it, as millions have, by filling out an online form and paying a fee. She did not seduce the figures within it or funnel Russian money to it. Nor did anyone else instruct her to do so," her lawyers argued Friday, according to CNN. They added that she has communicated with the Senate Intelligence Committee and provided "thousands of pages of documents." Tags Russia Maria Butina NRA	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16705
__label__wiki	0.536677	0.536677	Space and Science Center Delivers Weekly Science Ed to Middle Schoolers STEM Grants \| Research NSTA Opens 2011 Technology Competition By David Nagel The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) and Vernier Software and Technology have opened their 2011 technology award program. Each year, the Vernier & NSTA Technology Award program awards cash, technology, and travel funds for science teachers who demonstrate innovation in inquiry-based learning activities involving data collection. Vernier is a manufacturer of instruments and software designed for scientific data collection. This year's competition will award up to seven prizes to K-12 and post-secondary educators (one elementary, two middle school, three high school, and one post-secondary educator). The prizes, valued at $3,000, include $1,000 cash, $1,000 in Vernier equipment, and $1,000 for travel expenses put toward attending the NSTA National Conference. "The goal of this awards program is to encourage today's teachers and students to think of innovative uses of science technology in the laboratory or in the field. If we can get teachers to encourage more hands-on experiments for students, then we can hook students on science at a younger age and get them thinking about careers in STEM," said David Vernier, co-founder of Vernier, in a prepared statement. "Vernier can help these pioneering educators share their innovative teaching practices with many more individuals through this grants program." According to Vernier, successful applicants will enter projects involving hands-on, inquiry-based learning and data collection using computers and handheld devices, such as Vernier LabQuest. Entries are due Nov. 30. They will be judged by an NSTA-appointed panel of judges. Further information about the competition, including requirements and an online application, as well as details on past winners, can be found here. David Nagel is editorial director of 1105 Media's Education Technology Group and editor-in-chief of THE Journal and STEAM Universe. A 25-year publishing veteran, Nagel has led or contributed to dozens of technology, art and business publications. He can be reached at dnagel@1105media.com. You can also connect with him on LinkedIn at or follow him on Twitter at @THEJournalDave (K-12) or @CampusTechDave (higher education). Delivering Desktops Virtually As Lubbock Independent School District makes the transition from Windows devices to Chromebooks, it's relying more and more heavily on virtual desktop infrastructure to give users — both students and staff — access to the learning and work applications and other tools that still require Windows access. At the beginning of 2019, over a single weekend, the Texas district implemented hyperconverged infrastructure, and it's not looking back. As Chief Technology Officer, Damon Jackson, and Senior Platform Technology Engineer, Jason Blackburn, discuss, HCI has given them the "Easy Button" they sought for network management and delivered "remarkably faster" performance. Read more...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16706
__label__wiki	0.664111	0.664111	Google Hands Wikileaks Volunteer's Gmail Data to U.S. Government Tags: Google, government, News, Tech By John Paul Titlow / October 10, 2011 4:45 PM Gmail users got a hefty dose of reality today when it was revealed that Google handed over one user's private data to the U.S. government, who requested it without a search warrant. The contacts list and IP address data of Jacob Appelbaum, a WikiLeaks volunteer and developer for Tor was given to the U.S. government after they requested it using a secret court order enabled by a controversial 1986 law called the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, according to the Wall Street Journal. The law allows the government to demand information from ISPs not only without a warrant, but without ever notifying the user. Sonic.net, a smaller ISP who was also asked to hand over data related Appelbaum, tried to challenge the order in court, but ultimately lost and was to give up the information. It's not known if Google resisted the request, but both companies did try to ensure that Appelbaum could at least be made aware of the data retrieval. According to the company's own Transparency Report, Google received 4,601 user data requests from the U.S. government in the second half of 2010, and it complied with 94% of them. Those requests include warrantless inquiries as well as those accompanied by a search warrant. Some Troubling Implications The idea of an ISP handing over user data to governments without the aid of a search warrant has some troubling implications for privacy advocates and civil liberties proponents. In the WikiLeaks case, the line between advocates and participants in the transfer of data can sometimes be blurry. If in its ongoing investigation into WikiLeaks the U.S. Department of Justice is free to ask Google, Twitter or Facebook for private data without users' knowledge, who's to say they can't access private information about people who have merely expressed sympathy for the organization? Tech companies haven't necessarily rolled over and played dead on the issue. When the DoJ made a similar WikiLeaks-related request of Twitter in December, the company succeeded in having the order unsealed, meaning it was able to notify users about the request. Google is among a number of tech companies that are asking Congress to rethink the law in light of the unexpected ways in which the Web has evolved in the last several years	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16707
__label__wiki	0.623189	0.623189	At the Field's End: Interviews with 22 Pacific Northwest Writers, Revised and Expanded By Nicholas O'Connell The Utopias of Ursula K. Le Guin Kelly Lynn Thomas \| 1 The revolutionary science fiction author Ursula K. Le Guin, who passed away January 22, understood something important about ideal worlds and societies: Utopia is not perfection. Utopia is process. It is reflection and adjustment, learning and growth. It is communication and respect, self-awareness and honesty. This concept echoes throughout her body of work, but she explores utopia-as-process fully in one of her most radical novels, Always Coming Home, published in 1985. This novel, more accurately described as a fictional anthropological study, has no singular narrative and no main character. Certainly, we hear life stories from individuals in the Kesh society depicted in the book, but traditional narrative isn’t the only means by which Le Guin tells this story—she includes poems, plays, illustrations, musical notation, and other ephemera as part of the tale. This nonlinear narrative structure, along with the stories included therein, synthesizes Le Guin’s beliefs on the unavoidable, destructive outcomes of a patriarchal, capitalist society by rejecting them whole cloth. In a 2015 essay for Motherboard, Le Guin wrote, “Every benefit industrialism and capitalism have brought us, every wonderful advance in knowledge and health and communication and comfort, casts the same fatal shadow. All we have, we have taken from the earth; and, taking with ever-increasing speed and greed, we now return little but what is sterile or poisoned.” Much of her fiction concerns itself with finding a better way, a way mutually beneficial to humans and the earth. Indeed, in Always Coming Home’s utopic society, the Kesh live in a reclaimed post-apocalyptic California. Although some land remains arable, much of what was formerly the United States is inhospitable to human life. The text implies that the conquest-driven, consumptive culture of the 20th century directly led to the continent’s ruination. Despite the harshness of their environment, the Kesh thrive. But how do you build utopia from destruction and ruin? Here’s where the book becomes difficult, radical, and complex. The hinge spiral, a two-armed spiral circling out from a single center point, is the key to understanding both the novel and Le Guin’s vision of utopia. Not only does the spiral form the central motif for the Kesh, but the narrative structure itself echoes the spiral. Always Coming Home is a study in what a complete and utter rejection of capitalism and patriarchy might look like—for society and for the art of storytelling. For the Kesh, poverty is non-existent because the society supports all of its members. Artists, artisans, and other creative types are valued as highly as hunters and farmers. The people work with the land, not against it, and certainly not in dominion over it. Greed is unnecessary because every person has what they need to be happy and healthy. Crime is so minimal as to be nonexistent. Although many of Le Guin’s other novels contain utopias, her most well-read novels are not quite as grand in vision as Always Coming Home. The Left Hand of Darkness, published in 1969, chiefly addresses the singular topic of gender/sex and the consequences of favoring one biological sex over the other. The Dispossessed, a 1974 novel written in response to the Vietnam War, explores an anarchist utopia and what a world without capitalism might look like. But it, too, stops short of completely re-envisioning society. In addition, these novels—along with the majority of Le Guin’s books and short stories—follow a semi-traditional narrative structure. They have a beginning, middle, and end. They have protagonists and antagonists. They use the language of patriarchy, albeit subversively. By avoiding a linear narrative in Always Coming Home, Le Guin escapes the trap inherent in all would-be subversive texts: the use of language, which is controlled by patriarchy. Always Coming Home avoids the patriarchal conventions of storytelling by first eschewing a traditional narrative arc detailing a protagonist triumphing over an antagonist. Instead of one arc, Always Coming Home consists of many smaller arcs. The text’s longest section, “Stone Telling”—the life story of a woman of the same name—takes up only slightly more than 100 of the text’s 525 pages. The inclusion of other life stores aside from Stone Telling’s, such as those in the “Eight Life Stories” section, shows that no one narrative should represent an entire group of people or a place. Rather, diverse voices should be given a space in which to share their experiences and stories, whatever form those stories might take. In The Left Hand of Darkness, we are privy only to Genly Ai’s reactions to the ambisexual Gethenians. In The Dispossessed, we follow Shevek in his studies and experiences with anarchism and capitalism. In Always Coming Home, Le Guin presents an entire world of stories and perspectives. (This is not, of course, to say that Le Guin’s other novels don’t have value and meaning—they absolutely do, and are great in their own ways.) Always Coming Home also escapes the patriarchal convention of linear storytelling by situating the creative and autobiographical works of the text, which constitute its bulk, within a socio-historical context. Pandora’s commentary and informational sections lend weight to those creative works by giving them extra layers of symbolic and historic meaning, and more importantly, by revealing the processes through which Kesh society maintains its utopia (this is also a subversion of the concept of “utopia,” which by patriarchal storytelling tradition cannot exist and always ends badly). The novel’s arrangement is not, however, without shape, and its shape allows the text to communicate with itself. The “Stone Telling” section, broken into three parts, is the hinge around which Le Guin spirals the historical, societal, literary, and biographical sections of the text, many of which are also broken into multiple parts. These sections do not exist independently of each other, although they can be read separately. Instead, they wrap around each other and reflect upon each other, building meaning as they go. At the very end of “Time and the City,” the Archivist at the city of Wakwaha tells Pandora, “Tell about the Condor. Let Stone Telling tell her story.” Linearly speaking, though, Stone Telling’s story began on page seven, and part two begins on page 173, immediately after this exchange between Pandora and the Archivist. The narrator’s introduction to “Stone Telling,” the hinge, comes one-third of the way through Stone Telling’s tale, effectively cycling back to that section rather than simply providing a preface for it. Because there are many stories, readers can enter the text at multiple points, unlike a traditional novel. The lack of a dominant narrative voice gives the reader freedom to choose her entry point and makes her an active participant in the text. Not only do multiple entry points undercut the idea that there is one “right” story—that of the hero—but create a text in which exist nearly infinite possibilities for the interpretation of meaning. “Readers, after all,” Le Guin said in an interview included in the collection At the Field’s End, “are making the world with you. You give them the materials, but it’s the readers who build that world in their own minds.” Regardless of where a reader starts reading and what choices she makes, she is in effect swirled back into the text and into communication with it at the end of each section, not marched out of it as in a traditional point A to point B narrative. Capitalism and patriarchy embrace a binary: rich/poor, right/wrong, male/female, etc. “Success” refers only to vocational and financial success, never the successful raising of children or creation of art (whether or not anyone sees or appreciates said art). Le Guin cracks these binaries open, from the way the Kesh keep records (anyone can give anything to the library, and it is kept as long as people are interested in keeping it) to the way she structured the book as a spiral. Le Guin takes the idea of multiple entry points to another level entirely by including non-lingual aspects in the book, thereby further evading the problem of language and dominant discourse. Scholar Robin Roberts points out that the novel itself is a collaborative work, since others composed the music, drew the pictures, and helped Le Guin with the maps, further avoiding the problem of “univocality,” as she calls it. Roberts says—and I agree—that, “Through her amalgamation of diverse materials, Le Guin emphasizes the act of interpretation.” In Always Coming Home, even the arrangement of sections provides a clear critique of patriarchy by juxtaposing Kesh society with that of the Dayao, or Condor, people. The Dayao people believe in an immortal god called One. One created the world, and will eventually unmake it. On page 190, Stone Telling says, “Human men are imitations of him. One is not the universe; he made it, and gives orders. Things are not a part of him nor is he part of them, so you must not praise things, but only One.” Instead of the Valley’s animistic beliefs that hold all things sacred, the Dayao worship one god and follow a strict hierarchy of power and authority. The above passage from page 190 brings to mind two particular passages from The Bible. The first is John 1 verses 1-3, which states, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through Him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.” The second passage is Genesis 1:7, which states, “So God created man in his own image.” The Bible teaches, like the One, that a supreme being created the world, and that humans were made in his image, and exist to glorify him. Since a supreme being created the world for human use, they do not need to respect or show honor to the more-then-human world, let alone communicate with it. By echoing the language of The Bible, the text makes the parallel between the Dayao society and our own clear. The Kesh, in contrast, call all living things people, and differentiate between species. There are human people, and cow people, and coyote people. By calling these species the same word used for humans, the Valley people show that they hold animals in equal regard to themselves. They do not kill mercilessly or without cause. Only wild animals who, according to “The Back of the Book,” “allowed themselves to be hunted, who responded to the hunter’s singing and came to meet the arrow or enter the snare, had consented to come into the Second of the Earth Houses, the Blue Clay, in order to die. They had taken on mortality sacrificially and sacramentally.” The ways the hinge motif can be applied to Always Coming Home would fill volumes. The novel’s content and structure echo one other so closely that they, too, become arms on the spiral. Even the physical book acts as a hinge, connecting reader to author, and reader to content, and author to content. Without the others, the existence of one becomes meaningless. It is not the final product that matters, but the process by which author and reader give the story life. Le Guin understood that if we seek a limited version of success defined by the values of capitalism and patriarchy, we will never progress beyond these self-destructive ideals. Instead, we should revel in the cyclical nature of things, in self-reflection and growth, in living with the natural world instead of against it. We should embrace the interconnectedness of life and reject the idea that if one person is rich, another must be poor. It is only by engaging in the never-ending process of reflection and growth that we can achieve utopia, or some version of it. That is Le Guin’s final, and greatest, gift to all those who dream of a better way to live.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16709
__label__wiki	0.937812	0.937812	Home / Sports / Men’s Soccer Holds on to Defeat Rowan 4-3 in Semifinal Men’s Soccer Holds on to Defeat Rowan 4-3 in Semifinal By Adam Grassani The 2018 Men’s Soccer New Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC) Tournament held its semifinal matchup Tuesday night at Montclair State University’s own MSU Soccer Park. On their home field, the first seed Montclair State Red Hawks got a win over the fourth seed Rowan University Profs 4-3. The former punched their ticket to the championship game and eliminated the latter from the NJAC Tournament for the third straight time. The Red Hawks’ head coach Todd Tumelty understood the pressure that comes with being the top seed in the tournament. “I think we always know that people are gunning for us, and I think the success that we’ve had over the last few years makes teams want to really beat us,” Tumelty said. “I always tell the guys, ‘You’re everyone’s number one game,’ and it’s tough to play when you’re everyone’s number one game.'” The game began with Rowan University getting on the offensive early, with Vincent Guzzo getting the first shot on goal of the game just 1:40 in. Rowan would control possession of the ball throughout the majority of the first 19 minutes of the game, keeping the ball away from their net and on the other side of the field. Throughout those first 19 minutes, the Profs outshot the Red Hawks 6-3, three of those coming during a minute-long offensive buzz 18 minutes into the game. At this point in the game, everyone expected Rowan to be the team that would score first. The Red Hawks’ senior forward Rafael Terci had other ideas. While Rowan was on the offensive surge previously mentioned, the Red Hawks broke up a scoring chance and took the ball all the way downfield leading to the first goal of the game by Terci unassisted. Terci was then seen celebrating with his friend in the crowd after giving Montclair State the early 1-0 lead 19:21 into the game. “He mishit it, I guess, and it came to me and I just touched it in,” Terci said. “I told my friend before the game if I score to make sure he’s on the fence so I just ran over to him and we celebrated together.” It would not take long for Rowan to capitalize on the momentum they generated earlier in the game as they would tie the game up when Ryan Campbell, the leading scorer on the team and second in NJAC for goals and points, was awarded with a penalty shot at 30:14. Campbell fired a perfect shot to the upper left corner of the net, completely out of the reach of Montclair State goalkeeper Mike Saalfrank, giving his team their first goal of the game to tie it 1-1. Rowan’s lead did not last long. Montclair State ended up tying the game with a penalty shot of their own from Chaz Burnett. Burnett would fire his shot to the lower left corner of the net. Rowan Profs’ goalkeeper Kyle Dennis appeared to get a piece of it but not enough as it went into the net to give Montclair State the 2-1 lead 31:00 in, and ultimately into halftime. In the second half the Red Hawks would ultimately put their stamp on this game. At 50:09, Jake Seaman would control a rebound from Dennis and fire one low and in to extend the Red Hawks lead to 3-1. Just over four minutes later, Burnett would score his second of the game off an assist from Jose Huerta to make it 4-1 Montclair State with 35:35 left. However, the game was not over for the Rowan University Profs, not by a long shot. In the final 10 minutes of the game, Rowan would score twice. The first came from Shane Dohearty, as he touched one in that slipped past Saalfrank. Kevin Pereira was credited with the assist. The second came once again from Ryan Campbell as he scored his second of the game off an assist from Primich to cut the Red Hawks lead down to 4-3. Rowan would get one last chance to tie it with less than a minute to go when Pereira fired a decent shot. However, it was saved by Saalfrank, who punted it away, allowing Montclair State to barely hold on for the win. “It’s not the way we wanted it to end, and we were hoping that we’d lock down and keep our defensive unit good,” Tumelty said. “We made some mistakes, and as the season gets on and goes on more and more, if you make mistakes, they’re going to come back and cost you. So that’s something we can take away and learn from today.” Despite the loss, the Rowan University Profs are not hanging their heads. Not only did they nearly mount a comeback against the No. 7 ranked team in the Division III, they outplayed Montclair State in several areas. The Profs outshot the Red Hawks 20-19 and dominated in corner kicks 10-2. Rowan University Profs’ head coach Scott Baker was not discouraged by losing to the first seed in the tournament, and was proud of the way his team fought and came back. “Montclair’s a great team, great opponent, tough to beat at home,” Baker said. “I think we fought hard. We came back.” Baker continually mentioned how difficult it was to be the opponent in the away field. “We came back from a tremendous defect, especially on an away field with such a tough opponent and obviously it didn’t go our way,” Baker said. “The calls didn’t go our way, and we couldn’t catch a break late in the game.” The Red Hawks advance to the NJAC Championship Game, which will be held on Friday, Nov. 2, at 7 p.m. at MSU Soccer Park. The Red Hawks will face the second seed Ramapo College Roadrunners, who defeated sixth seed William Paterson 2-1 earlier in the day, for the NJAC Championship. Men's njac Playoffs red hawks rowan soccer Graduation Edition: Women’s Hockey Team Looks to Rebuild Stronger Team Following Rough Season Grassani / May 1 Graduation Edition: Men’s Soccer Ends Season in Successfully Dramatic Fashion	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16710
__label__cc	0.553635	0.446365	Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute (VTC) School Publications, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine (VTC) Get The Facts: New Year’s Resolution New_Years_Resolution_V1_22_January_20_2017.pdf (118.5Kb) Heilmann, Adam Myth: To stick to my new year's resolution of going to the gym, I must start going as much as possible right away. Fact: New Year's resolutions are great. Everyone makes them in one form or another. Whether it be "I will lose 55 lbs this year!" in a formal grandiose statement or simply "I should cut back on caffeine this year" subtly to yourself. The majority of resolutions, however, are fitness related and unfortunately fail within the first few months School Publications, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine (VTC) [204]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16718
__label__cc	0.727394	0.272606	Jobs at Top Hat Montessori 1 Job • A Montessori School that teaches compassion and respect for all life. About Top Hat Montessori Dr. Maria Montessori was a psychiatrist who spent over 50 years researching the developmental needs of children and developed a program that takes these needs into consideration and that also teaches compassion and respect for all life with a vision which includes educating young children in such a way that plants seeds in them that will create a more gentle and peaceful world in the future where all life is respected and appreciated at all times. Top Hat Montessori's mission is to continue fulfilling Dr. Montessori's vision. Montessori teachers and assistants Top Hat Montessori A Montessori School that teaches compassion and respect for all life.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16719
__label__cc	0.548818	0.451182	HomeMarket & TrendsAustralia – Major Market Increase in Vegan Fast-Food Australia – Major Market Increase in Vegan Fast-Food February 26, 2019 Market & Trends ©LADbible Australia is the third fastest growing vegan market in the world. Sales of packaged vegan food are predicted to reach $215 million by 2020, up from $136 million, according to research company Euromonitor International. The country also had the highest global percentage of Google searches for the word “vegan” in 2018, further indicating a sharp increase in Australians exploring plant-based options. A new trend within the Australian market is emerging, with fast-food establishments cashing in. This is being demonstrated by Hungry Jacks and Dominos Pizza, which have both recently introduced vegan options to their menus. Hungry Jack’s launched a vegan breakfast muffin on January 29 following the success of its new vegan cheeseburger, featuring two patties (made from corn, capsicum and carrot), vegan cheese and vegan mayonnaise. Dominos Australia unveiled its Vegan Summer BBQ Pizza this January, which uses a cheese substitute made from plant oils and starches. It is the fourth pizza in Dominos’ vegan range which launched 12 months ago to an “unprecedented demand” which saw all dairy-free cheese stock exhausted within a week. “It was initially added to the menu for a limited time only, but due to its popularity we decided to make vegan cheese a permanent item,” said Dominos’ chief executive for Australia and New Zealand, Nick Knight. Dr Rohan Miller, a senior lecturer at The University of Sydney Business School stated: “Vegan is the new food fad and has taken over from organic, I’m not sure people want to become full-time vegans, but they certainly want the option to eat a couple of meals a week that are plant-based.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16720
__label__wiki	0.847921	0.847921	Nicaragua » About Nicaragua » News Headlines » Performance of the National Ballet of Cuba in Managua Performance of the National Ballet of Cuba in Managua ViaNica.com \| Jul 7, 2009 Swan Lake, National Ballet of Cuba. Photo: Nancy Reyes. Róger Solórzano Canales The world renowned National Ballet of Cuba, directed by the famous dancer and choreographer Alicia Alonso, will perform at Ruben Dario National Theater today, June 7 and tomorrow, June 8, with a varied selection of classic pieces and others, created by Alicia. -Do you know how I knew where i was when i woke up? I felt an earthquake and I knew I was here (Managua) - said the legendary Alicia Alonso, prima ballerina assoluta and icon of classic ballet during a conference which took place yesterday at Rubén Darío National Theater. Both she and the Cuban National Ballet had already performed in Nicaragua during the 80's and beginings of the 90's. Pedro Simón, director of the National Museum of Dance (La Havana) and the magazine "Cuba en el Ballet", who joined Alicia during the press conference in Managua, explained that the performance will be colorful and filled with a lot of technique. Pieces like "Suite of Don Quijote" and the "Swan Lake" and creations of Alicia, such as "Naked light of love" and "In the shadows of a Waltz" will be performed. Directors of the Nicaraguan Institute of Culture (INC), who were in the conference, announced that during the recent reopening of the National School of Ballet there will be Cuban advice. Cony Villegas, sub-director of the school, said that there is a demand of classic ballet among the Nicaraguan students, and also acknowledged the support of the Cuban professionals who are involved in the project. A sensitive, spontaneous, reflexive and charismatic personality was shown to the national press by the great Alicia Alonso, who also talked about other topics besides the presentation. "If you like ballet, then you have to work hard and you will see that is worth to strive for it,", she commented as an advice to the Nicaraguan youth. She also recognized that, in ballet, the role of man is very hard because he has to carry the woman and still dance with elegance. The performances at Ruben Dario National Theater will be at 7:30 pm each day. Prices are U$25, U$15 y U$10, depending on the location.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16721
__label__cc	0.534048	0.465952	What happened in Charlottesville this weekend didn’t just randomly occur. It was a very predictable culmination of one of the most disgraceful years in American political history. When Donald Trump announced his candidacy, his biggest political achievement was leading the Birther movement, which questioned whether President Barack Obama was born in America. Trump launched his campaign by scapegoating Mexican immigrants, even comparing these so-called “bad Hombres” to criminals and rapists. From Day 1, white supremacists and neo-Nazi groups had found their man and rallied around Trump’s campaign. This was well documented. Instead of acting responsibly and relegating Trump and his crackpot supporters to the fringe, CNN and MSNBC gave Trump perhaps the largest platform, with the biggest megaphone, in American history. This serial liar with Nazi supporters received three billion dollars in free media, and he was a ubiquitous presence in our homes for nearly two years. The networks loved Trump because he made them money. People would tune into see his racist rants, and the networks would convert those eyeballs into advertising revenue. To make a short-term profit, the media checked its ethics, surrendered its moral authority, and ignored the unsavory, and often violent, elements that created havoc at Trump rallies. The warning signs were there. On August 19, 2015, two lowlifes beat a Hispanic man with a pipe in Boston while yelling, “Donald Trump was right,” and “All these illegals need to be deported.” But the corporate media continued to prostitute itself and pretend this was an anomaly, rather than a fixture of Trump’s rhetoric. Instead of harshly condemning Trump’s frequent attacks on Muslims and Latinos, the media tried to explain away his rougher edges. Trump was a regular on MSNBC’s Morning Joe, which repeatedly allowed the reality star to use that platform to set the day’s news agenda. While Trump often received favorable news coverage, Hillary Clinton was routinely savaged, and Bernie Sanders was mostly ignored. CNN was the worst of all. They should have dropped most of their Trump coverage for the good of America. Instead, they saturated the airwaves with this bigoted blowhard. They degraded their news operation by hiring Trump apologists, such as Jeffrey Lord, Kayleigh McEnany, and Corey Lewandowski. These apparatchiks spun Trumps constant lies and excused his overt racism. They normalized his bigotry and turned this hate-mongering millionaire, into an “everyday man of the people, who just wanted to bring back their jobs in the coal mine.” The media played with fire, and this weekend, America was burned – as the white supremacists and neo-Nazis, inspired by Trump’s victory, felt secure enough to come out of the closet and parade in a liberal college town like Charlottesville. Republicans are also partially responsible for what happened in Charlottesville. They have long considered racists just another constituency, and Donald Trump knows they are his base. This is why he pathetically failed to condemn the neo-Nazi violence in Charlottesville saying, it was an “egregious display of hatred, bigotry, and violence on many sides. That statement, if you think about it, is the triumph of FOX News, which has perfected the art of false equivalency. With its propaganda slogan “Fair and Balanced,” FOX promotes the Big Lie that there are two legitimate sides to every issue. So, if have Gay Pride, to be fair and balanced, you must promote Straight Pride. If you interview an advocate for Black Lives Matter, to be fair and balanced, you must promote a racist from Blue Lives Matter or White Lives Matter. This is how FOX promotes bigotry, while giving itself plausible deniability. I’ve heard many Republicans make the false claim that the racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia displayed in Charlottesville is not real conservatism. I guess that’s true if you conveniently ignore history. Barry Goldwater, the Godfather of the modern conservative movement, voted against the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964. Richard Nixon rolled out the Southern Strategy, stressing the code words “law and order.” What it really did was exploit racial tension so Republicans could take over the south. It was an overwhelming success. Today, we euphemistically call these states that switched parties due to racism, Red States. Nixon also targeted minorities with a phony War on Drugs. Last year, Nixon’s domestic policy chief John Ehrlichman told Harpers: “The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I’m saying? We knew we couldn’t make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin. And then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders. Raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did.” When Ronald Reagan won the Republican nomination, he kicked off his presidential campaign at the Neshoba County Fair in Philadelphia, Mississippi. This town was the site where three civil rights workers were murdered in 1964. During his speech, he unforgivably told the crowd, “I believe in states’ rights.” George H.W. Bush embraced Family Values Republicans and let the infamous haters Pat Robertson and Pat Buchannan spew bile from the 1992 convention in Houston. He also ran the infamous race baiting Willie Horton ad. In 2000, the George W. Bush campaign, led by Karl Rove, helped place 11 referendums on ballots to ban gay marriage. The idea was to mobilize conservative voters, mostly in swing states, such as Ohio. All 11 bans passed and George W. Bush was reelected. Let’s also not forget that Republican presidential candidates lined up for years to speak at Bob Jones University, which banned interracial dating. It wasn’t until George W. Bush took flack for his appearance in 2000, that Republicans stopped bowing down to this racist school. Modern conservatism is a scam that rich whites perpetrate on poor whites. It’s a bait and switch, where wealthy Republicans stir up the base by creating minority scapegoats. The white rubes then come out to vote Republican. But, once in office, they generally ignore the rubes and give massive tax cuts to themselves. But these fools never catch on. The latest version is Trump’s refrain, “Drain the Swamp.” When he was elected, however, he filled key positions with swamp dwellers from Goldman Sachs. The greatest distillation of conservative strategy came from the late political operative Lee Atwater: And even after all the advances in Civil Rights and the election of Barack Obama, confederate monuments shamefully still dotted the south. This changed on June 17, 2015 when white supremacist Dylan Roof murdered nine African Americans praying at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Those defending confederate monuments call it their heritage. They are correct, but it’s a heritage of hate, in the service of slavery. These monuments are trophies to traitors, who rebelled against the United States of America. They only place for these plaques to prejudice are in a museum, where the hate and bigotry can be put into a historical context, instead of celebrated in the public square. The fireworks in Charlottesville began over anger about plans to remove a statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee. I personally think Lee’s monument should be replaced by a statue of Heather Heyer, the counterdemonstrator who was murdered by Nazi, Alex Fields Jr., who he rammed his Dodge Challenger into a crowd, also injuring 19 people. Donald Trump’s flaccid reaction to this Nazi violence is a pockmark on his presidency. By not standing up to his base, he has debased the office. Indeed, former KKK Grand Wizard David Duke said: “We are going to fulfill the promises of Donald Trump. That’s what we believed in. That’s why we voted for Donald Trump.” Since 2001, there is an average of more than 300 violent attacks a year in the United States linked to right wing extremists, according to a study by the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. Since 9/11 jihadists have murdered 95 people in the U.S, while right wing extremists have killed 68 people. What happened in Charlottesville was an act of terrorism. Where the hell is Trump’s “War on Terror” now? We don’t need a brown war on terror – we need a war on all terrorism, and that includes his base. Trump also needs to clean house, with the stain on his legacy extending to staff. His chief strategist, Steve Bannon, is a white nationalist. Another key advisor, Sebastian Gorka, is tied to neo-Nazi groups in Hungary. This is completely unacceptable, and if the president doesn’t want to get blamed for right wing violence, he needs to begin by firing these extremists. It’s time the conservative movement stops tolerating those who spread intolerance. They need to be crystal clear and remove these haters from their base. And the media should stop giving coverage to politicians who pander to undesirable right wing elements. Enough is enough, already. This is Wayne Besen for today’s daily Reality Check. On The Wayne Besen Show, we begin with the Reality Check segment, where Wayne discusses scientists leaking a report on climate change because they are fearful Trump will suppress it. Wayne interviews Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation about the new plague of economic segregation in American cities. In the Swamp Dive segment, Wayne talks about a new poll that show a majority of Republicans would let Trump postpone the 2020 election and stay on as president. We also deal with the battle of words with North Korea, and the president’s latest target is Sen. Mitch McConnell, while several groups sue to challenge Trump’s ban on transgender service members. I’ve listened to the experts reassure us that a war with North Korea is unlikely. I’m not at certain as they are. The mistake the experts make is analyzing this crisis from a rational perspective. That all goes out the window with a president who is irrational. Experts try to pacify us by suggesting that adults will likely intervene and save the world from a president who governs by mood swing. Somebody will stop him, they say – the Generals or Congress. But isn’t that what we heard during the campaign. “Let the crazy man-child rant and rave,” said the Republican establishment, the donors, the Republican National Committee, the Bush cartel, Paul Ryan, the Koch Brothers. But, in the end, there was nobody to save us. Nobody spanked Trump and put him in his room. And now, he sits in the oval office, tweeting insults, with his hand on a nuclear suitcase that controls 6,800 nuclear bombs. If you want to get inside the president’s head, to figure out what he might do with North Korea, go out, get drunk, and quickly spin around five times. That’s probably a better way to do it, than the normal way we usually assess these matters. Trump’s poll numbers are dismal, he’s failed to pass meaningful legislation, and Special Counsel Robert Mueller pursues him like a bloodhound approaching a steakhouse. Trump is an egomaniac and the biggest narcissist, since, well, the actual Narcissus of Greek mythology. He is in love with himself and will do anything to ensure his personal survival. Even if this means letting Kim Jong-un destroy Seoul, South Korea, Tokyo, or Guam. Trump is desperate to change the subject or Russia, and saber rattling will only last so long. He’ll soon need an actual war, so he can accuse the media or anyone else who asks questions about the Russia investigation of being unpatriotic. This may be his way of attempting to silence his critics. Today, Trump said his original threat to North Korea of “fire and fury,” wasn’t “tough enough” and that the U.S. military was locked and loaded. Which made it sound like Trump should be locked up, and made the statement while he was loaded. Like his puppet master, Vladimir Putin, Trump’s power and appeal to his base is that he is tough. That’s why this, um, “hand measuring contest” with Kim Jong-un, could end in a mushroom cloud. Trump is a lousy negotiator who has painted himself into a corner, and like a corned rat, he may feel compelled to strike out, to salvage his tough guy reputation. The consequences could not be greater. A fight with North Korea could lead to a Great Depression. North Korea would likely retaliate by destroying Seoul, which is the same distance as Washington, DC is to Baltimore. A second strike would likely be aimed at Tokyo. Japan is our fourth largest trading partner and South Korea is our 6th largest trading partner. If these major cities are badly damaged or destroyed, this would have an immediate impact on our economy. Not to mention the tragic loss of tens of thousands of lives. There is also the risk of World War 3. If we dropped a nuclear bomb on North Korea, the fallout could potentially kill citizens of South Korea, Japan, Russia, or China. Would China or Russia sit by idly if we killed their citizens or made major cities uninhabitable? Here’s a thought experiment. How would the United States respond, if Russia nuked Tijuana, and the fallout killed 25,000 people in San Diego, and made the city unlivable for decades? You could easily imagine the overwhelming political pressure at home to retaliate – which could spiral into World War 3. If the fallout from an American bomb floats over Vladivostok or Beijing, all bets are off on what happens next. Kim Jong-un knows that the location of North Korea makes the consequences of attacking it – especially with nuclear bombs – unthinkable. That is his leverage and why he makes his radical threats. Unfortunately, he is directing these warnings at an American president who might not fully comprehend the situation. Yes, we can and will beat North Korea in a war. The question is, at what cost, in blood and treasure. This is a calculation, I’m not sure Donald Trump is capable of making. And that’s why we are living in dangerous times. This is Wayne Besen, with your Daily Reality Check. Top scientists want you to know that temperatures in the Unites States are the warmest in 1,500 years. Temperatures have risen dramatically since 1980. These are the dire findings in a new climate change report drafted by scientists in 13 federal agencies. Scientists leaked this report because it contradicts Trump’s backward stand on climate change. These experts are terrified that the report will be hijacked and the truth suppressed by extremists in the Trump administration. Their fears are well founded. The landmark report awaits final approval by Trump – that’s if he can stop tweeting. The report warns that it is “extremely likely” that more than half of the global mean temperature increase since 1951 can be linked to human influence. The fear is Trump will say something like, “all the experts thought it was extremely likely Hillary Clinton was going to beat me. They were wrong. What do the experts know?” The report also finds, with “very high” confidence that the number and intensity of colder nights has decreased, while the occurrence and severity of warm days has escalated since the 1960s. Since Trump and many Republicans are at war with science, they will distort the term “very high confidence” to mean scientists are uncertain – when, in fact, there is virtually unanimity among scientists who aren’t employed by the industrialist Koch brothers. Trump has already embarrassed the United States and put the world at risk by withdrawing from the Paris Accords. I guess Trump is making America great again by joining Syria and Nicaragua as the only countries in the world to reject the historic climate deal. Many leading Republicans remain in denial, despite last year being one of hottest on record since 1880. This makes 2016 the third year in a row to set a new record for global average surface temperatures. The report warns: “It is very likely that the accelerated rate of Arctic warming will have a significant consequence for the United States due to accelerating land and sea ice melting that is that is driving changes in the ocean including sea level rise threatening our coastal communities.” Climate change deniers say that fixing the problem will be expensive. To which I reply: Not nearly as expensive as the cost of New York City, Miami, and the world’s largest naval base at Norfolk, Virginia going under water. The report also cautions that if we don’t mobilize to reverse climate change, it could lead to longer heat waves, more intense rainstorms, and quicker destruction of coral reefs. As if on cue, Europeans are enduring a brutal heat wave they’ve dubbed “Lucifer.” Temperatures have also reached as high as 104 degrees in Seattle and 107 degrees in Portland, Oregon. Is this the way we really want to live – assuming we’ll continue living. A terrifying New York Times op-ed by science writer Peter Brannen, compared the consequences of what we are now doing to the earth, to the end of the Permian period 252 million years ago. Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the air also marked this period. The result was the loss of 90-percent of sea life and 75-percent of life on land. The end of the Permian Period was known as the “Great Dying.” It took 10 million years for the planet to recover. According to paleoclimatologist Lee Clump: “The rate at which we’re injecting CO2 into the atmosphere today, is 10 times faster than it was during the End-Permian.” Climate Change prophet Al Gore’s new movie is out, An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power. I suggest everyone see it to fully grasp the enormity of the climate change crisis that confronts us. When the history books are written, President Trump may be remembered as a divisive, lying, corrupt, treasonous, buffoon. But those failures might pale in comparison to Trump’s legacy as the man who arrogantly and stupidly ignored the dire warnings of scientists worldwide, and put the earth on a path to irreversible ruin. We have to act, to ensure this new climate report is signed off on. Go to my website WayneBesenShow.com. Click the tab “Take Action.” Find your member of Congress and urge them to support the release of the federal climate change report. If we act together, maybe, just maybe, we can stop the madness and mayhem. Coming up next, while racial segregation has declined, it has been replaced with economic segregation in our major cities. I discuss this disturbing phenomenon with Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation – right after this short break. August 7, 2017 • Uncategorized • 2019 A lazy, low energy, loser. That is what Newsweek essentially called Trump in a devastating cover story. They compared our president to the underachieving show salesman Al Bundy, in the sitcom Married for Children. And for those in red states, yes, that comparison is actually an insult. The article begins by pointing out Trump’s legendary hypocrisy. When President Obama went golfing on August 15, 2011, Trump Tweeted: Barack Obama played golf yesterday. Now he heads to a 10 day vacation in Martha’s Vineyard. Nice work ethic.” In another 2011 tweet, Trump wrote: “Obama plays golf to escape work while America goes down the drain.” He told his followers in August 2016, “I’m going to be working for you, I’m not going to have time to go play golf.” You know what’s coming now. The part where I tell you that Trump is completely full of it: In little more than 6 months in office, Trump has golfed 40 times. The website Trump Golf Count estimates Trump’s habit has cost the American taxpayers $55 million. The New York Times found that the president has visited Trump-branded properties a grand total 56 days, nearly a third of his time in office. Politico adds, George W. Bush didn’t golf for the first five months of his presidency, while Obama did not golf during his first four months in office. Trump waited two weeks before he teed up and hit the links. The Newsweek article kneecaps the president, listing his victieis in the Lazy Olympics: • One solo press conference since his inauguration • Just one single trip west of the Mississippi since taking office • Zero visits to Iraq and zero trips to Afghanistan • Yet, Trump had time to send 1,029 tweets • Elaine Godfrey of The Atlantic calculated that Trump watches about five hours of television a day • A Washington Post investigation found that Trump’s schedule was “awfully light…. We are left to make one of two assumptions,” the Post wrote. “Trump either is hiding a lot of his presidential business from the public, or he is not doing much at all.” • Reuters weighed in and found that in Trump’s first 100 days in office, he “made fewer appearances outside of the presidential bubble than his three immediate predecessors.” The Washington Post, reports that there are still 350 key administrative positions in which no one has been nominated. • There has not been a single key piece of legislation passed, even though Republicans control the White House, Senate, and House. Most notable is the GOP’s inability to pass healthcare. Somewhere, “Low Energy” Jeb Bush is reading this article and feeling vindicated. If he’s up from his nap. CBO Slams GOP Senate Healthcare Bill Analysis of GOP Bozo Bus Debate Part 2 White Flight From Political Reality is Deadly November 4, 2015 • 2437 The Religious Freedom Cafe — Where a Side... December 6, 2014 – Wayne Discusses Injustice in... December 7, 2014 • 3524 Bernie Sanders’ Challenge: Move Beyond White Latte Liberals October 13, 2015 • 2372	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16726
__label__cc	0.690168	0.309832	Home / comicbooks DC Comics Introduces A New Version Of The Justice League One of the many things I love about DC Comics is that of how it explores the multiverse and future timelines, thus allowing us to meet radically different takes on the publisher’s various icons. In other words, we may see something as nightmarish as the New Reichsmen of Earth-X, or the insanely imaginative heroes native to the DC: One Million tales. Reminding us all that he’s no slouch is that of current Justice League scribe Scott Snyder. If you’ve been keeping up with his run on the title, then you’re aware of how it rivals Dark Nights: Metal as being his most high concept work. One could even say he’s freed his inner Grant Morrison. Along for the ride is that of artist Jorge Jimenez, whose rendition of the latest addition to DC history is something to behold. Seen below is the Justice League of the Sixth Dimension, who were introduced as part of the first chapter in, well, the “Sixth Dimension” story arc. Basically, this was a result of the super group’s latest run-in with Mr. Mxyzptlk. As you can see, the group consists of a Superman who has a penchant for wearing gold and white attire (and is apparently “our” Man of Steel aged by ten years), White Lantern John Stewart, a Flash who seems to be three people united as one, a Batman who looks like a Flashpoint-Gotham by Gaslight hybrid, a heavily armored Wonder Woman, and Martian Manhunter and Hawkgirl – who have a child together. Needless to say, it should be highly exciting to see where Snyder and Jimenez take this story. Maybe I’m Batman-level paranoid, but I’m not always willing to take it for granted that newly introduced characters will ultimately be friends. Hey, you never know when the next Justice Lords will come along. Justice League #19 is now available in comic shops. Tags: Justice League	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16730
__label__wiki	0.520491	0.520491	Matty JeffMatty Jeff Tim McGraw Shares Flashback Oscars Photo With Faith Hill The 2018 Academy Awards were held Sunday (Mar. 4) and, as always, featured a variety of stars in stunning outfits, which spurred Tim McGraw to flash back to a stylish Oscars moment with wife Faith Hill. He shared a couple of Oscar throwback shots from the 87th annual Academy Awards in 2015, including a beautiful one (click through) to where he and Hill posed on the red carpet in their finest formal wear. Hill looked particularly stunning in a simple cream gown with a plunging neckline, set off by a super-short and sleek pixie haircut McGraw also shared a shot of himself performing the late Glen Campbell's "I'm Not Gonna Miss You," that same night. The Oscar-nominated song was featured in Campbell's biographical film Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me, which follows the legendary singer on his farewell tour and documents his battle with Alzheimer's disease. Since Campbell was unable to attend the 2015 awards due to his declining health, McGraw was tapped to perform in his honor. Aside from nostalgia, McGraw seemed excited to watch the 2018 awards show in the comfort of his own home, noting: "Looking forward to watching tonight with a house full of ladies!" We're going to guess that means his ultra-stylish wife Hill and their three daughters, all of whom will likely have lots of opinions on the beautiful gowns featured. The 90th annual Academy Awards were held at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Calif. See the Most Adorable Couples in Country Music Source: Tim McGraw Shares Flashback Oscars Photo With Faith Hill Filed Under: faith hill, tim mcgraw	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16733
__label__wiki	0.759587	0.759587	Hard (Jagged Edge album) Wave (gesture) R. Hunter Middleton Wave (T-Square album) Almquist shell Caroline Harrison A hardcourt (or hard court) is a surface or floor on which a sport is played, most usually in reference to tennis courts. They are typically made of rigid materials such as asphalt or concrete, and covered with acrylic material to seal the surface and mark the playing lines, while providing some cushioning. Historically, hardwood surfaces were also in use in indoor settings, similar to an indoor basketball court, but these are now rare. Tennis hard courts are made of synthetic/acrylic layers on top of a concrete or asphalt foundation and can vary in color. These courts tend to play medium-fast to fast because there is little energy absorption by the court, like in grass courts. The ball tends to bounce high and players are able to apply many types of spin during play. Flat balls are favored on hard courts because of the extremely quick play style. Speed of rebound after tennis balls bounce on hard courts is determined by how much sand is in the synthetic/acrylic layer placed on top of the asphalt foundation. More sand will result in a slower bounce due to more friction. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Hardcourt Hard is the fourth studio album by American R&B group Jagged Edge, released on October 14, 2003 (see 2003 in music). The album debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 178,000 copies in the US. It has been certified Gold by the RIAA and has currently sold 871,000 copies in the US. The album also spawned two singles, the top ten single "Walked Outta Heaven" and the song "What's It Like." The album track "Visions," includes background vocals from former Anjel member, Tiffany Beaudoin. In addition, the song has an interpolation from the song, "You Are My Starship", a 1976 song released by Norman Connors. ↑ http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/58396/chili-peppers-post-stadium-at-no-1 ↑ http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60671/new-jagged-edge-due-in-december ↑ http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Hard_(Jagged_Edge_album) A wave is a movement of the hand that people use to greet each other, say goodbye or merely acknowledge another's presence. People wave by raising their hand and moving it from side to side. Another common wave is to raise one's hand and repeatedly move the fingers downward toward the palm. A variant known as the wigglywave consists of holding the hand near shoulder level and wiggling the fingers randomly. This can be used to appear cute or flirtatious to the target of the wave. The gesture can be used to attract attention at a distance. Most commonly, though, the gesture means quite simply "hello" or "goodbye . The royal wave, also known as a regal wave, pageant wave, parade wave, or Miss America wave, is a similar but distinct kind of hand waving gesture in which a person executes something alternatively described as either a 'plastic grin' with 'fingers cupped' and 'forearm swaying side-to-side' or a "vertical hand with a slight twist from the wrist". The gesture is often performed, to various degrees, by different members of the British royal family, signaling anything from regality, class and control to elegance, restraint and character. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Wave_(gesture) Robert Hunter Middleton (May 6, 1898 – August 3, 1985) was an American book designer, painter, and type designer. Born in Glasgow, Scotland he came to Chicago in 1908 where he studied at the School of the Art Institute. He joined the design department of the Ludlow Typograph Company in 1923 and served as director of the department of typeface design from 1933–71. In 1944 he began operating a private press, The Cherryburn Press. He died in Chicago. All of these foundry types (except Andromaque) were cast by Ludlow Typograph Ludlow Black (1924), a knock-off of Cooper Black Swash letters for Robert Wiebking's Artcraft (1924) Cameo (1927) Delphian Open Title (1928) Many additions to Ernst F. Detterer's Eusebius series Eusebius Bold (1928) Eusebius Bold Italic (1928) Eusebius Open (1928) Eusebius Italic (1929) Garamond series Garamond Bold + Garamond Bold Italic (1929) Garamond Italic (1929) This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/R._Hunter_Middleton Wave is the fourteenth studio album by Japanese jazz fusion band T-Square. It was released on March 21, 1989. It was the first studio album by the band to be released under the name T-Square, whereas the previous albums released from 1978 to 1988 were under the name of "The Square". All music composed by Masahiro Andoh, except where noted. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Wave_(T-Square_album) The Almquist shell (also known as A Shell, ash and sh) is a lightweight Unix shell originally written by Kenneth Almquist in the late 1980s. Initially a clone of the System V.4 variant of the Bourne shell, it replaced the original Bourne shell in the BSD versions of Unix released in the early 1990s. Derivative versions of ash are still installed as the default shell (/bin/sh) on FreeBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, MINIX, and Android, and in some Linux distributions. Debian and derived Linux distributions such as Ubuntu ship a version of ash, known as dash (Debian Almquist shell), as the default /bin/sh, although Bash is the default login shell for interactive use. The reason for using dash is faster shell script execution, especially during startup of the operating system, compared to previous versions of Debian and Ubuntu that used Bash for this purpose. Ash is also fairly popular in embedded Linux systems; its code was incorporated into the BusyBox catch-all executable often employed in this area. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Almquist_shell Caroline Scott Harrison (October 1, 1832 – October 25, 1892), was a teacher of music, the wife of Benjamin Harrison and mother of two surviving children; after his election as President of the United States, she was First Lady of the United States from 1889 until her death. She secured funding for an extensive renovation of the White House and oversaw the work. Interested in history and preservation, in 1890 she helped found the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) and served as its first President General. Caroline Lavinia Scott was born in Oxford, Ohio, the second daughter of John Witherspoon Scott, a Presbyterian minister and professor of science and mathematics at Miami University, and his wife Mary Potts Neal. Caroline had two sisters and two brothers. Although the family was not well off, her father ensured that his daughters as well as his sons were well educated. Wherever they lived, he filled the house with books, art, and music. Religion, was important in his and the family's life. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Caroline_Harrison tandaland.com wealthandhealthcreation.com scienceandspirituality.org silverandgoldbullionaire.com fusionsalonandspa.com goldbullionandcoins.com jamaicaship.com yogaandmeditationonline.com bahrainship.com seismicships.com antiguaandbarbudamedia.com barterandbook.com antiguaandbarbudatv.com aimand.com 365daband.com wavegeometry.net wavegeometry.com scienceandspiritualpractices.com wavegeometry.org palestinianmotherandchildren.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16738
__label__wiki	0.822209	0.822209	Angus (given name) Angus cattle Angus (Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the north of the county. Angus was historically a county, known officially as Forfarshire from the 18th century until 1928. It remains a registration county and a lieutenancy area. In 1975 its administrative functions were transferred to the council district of the Tayside Region, and in 1995 further reform resulted in the establishment of the unitary Angus Council. The area that now comprises Angus has been occupied since at least the Neolithic period. Material taken from postholes from an enclosure at Douglasmuir, near Friockheim, about five miles north of Arbroath have been radiocarbon dated to around 3500 BC The function of the enclosure is unknown, but may have been for agriculture or for ceremonial purposes. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Angus Angus is a masculine given name in English. It is an Anglicised form of the Irish and Scottish Gaelic Aonghas, which is composed of Celtic elements meaning "one", and "choice". A variant spelling of the Scottish Gaelic name is Aonghus. The Irish form of the Scottish Gaelic name is Aengus. A pet form of the given name Angus is Angie, pronounced "an-ghee", which represents the Scottish Gaelic Angaidh. A short form of the given name Angus is Gus, which may be lengthened to Gussie. The feminine form of Angus is Angusina. The earliest form of the given name Angus, and its cognates, occurs in Adomnán's Vita Columbae (English: "Life of Columba") as Oinogusius, Oinogussius. This name likely refers to a Pictish king whose name is recorded variously as Onnust, Hungus. According to historian Alex Woolf, the early Gaelic form of the name, Oengus, was borrowed from the British Pictish Onuist, which appears in British as Ungust. Woolf noted that these names are all derived from the Celtic Oinogustos. Linguist John Kneen derived this name from two Celtic elements the following way: Oino-gustos, meaning "one-choice". Woolf also stated that between about AD 350 and AD 660, the Insular Celtic dialects underwent changes which included the loss of the final syllables and unstressed vowels, which affected Oinogustos thus: Oinogustos. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Angus_(given_name) Angus cattle, known as Aberdeen Angus in most parts of the world, are a breed of cattle commonly used in beef production. They were developed from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeenshire and Angus in Scotland. Angus cattle are naturally polled and solid black or red although the udder may be white. The native colour is black, but more recently red colours have emerged. The UK registers both in the same herd book, but in the US they are regarded as two separate breeds – Red Angus and Black Angus. Black Angus is the most common breed of beef cattle in the US, with 324,266 animals registered in 2005. In 2014, the British Cattle Movement Service named Angus the UK's most popular native beef breed, and the second most popular beef breed overall. Aberdeen Angus cattle have been recorded in Scotland since at least the 16th century in the country's North East. For some time before the 1800s, the hornless cattle in Aberdeenshire and Angus were called Angus doddies. In 1824, William McCombie of Tillyfour, M.P. for South Aberdeenshire, began to improve the stock and is regarded today as the father of the breed. Many local names emerged, including doddies or hummlies. The first herd book was created in 1862, and the society was formed in 1879. This is considered late, given that the cattle gained mainstream acceptance in the middle of the eighteenth century. The cattle became commonplace throughout the British Isles in the middle of the 20th century. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Angus_cattle Radio Stations - Angus Calm Radio: Bachata World Caribbean Canada CBC Music - R&B / Soul R&B Canada Canoe FM Public Canada CBC Radio 3 Indie Rock Canada CFXJ-FM (FLOW 93.5) Toronto, ON R&B,Hip Hop Canada CHRL-FM 99.5 (Planète) Roberval, Quebec Adult Contemporary,Talk Canada CIDG-FM 101.9 (Dawg FM) Ottawa, Ontario Blues Canada Calm Radio: Christmas Christian Contemporary Canada CBC Music - Piano Classical Canada CJWF-FM 95.9 (Country 95.9) Windsor, ON Country Canada CFML-FM 107.9 (Evolution 1079) Burnaby, British Columbia Alternative,Adult Canada CIBX-FM 106.9 (Capital FM) Fredericton, New Brunswick Adult Contemporary Canada C-VUE 105.9 FM Varied,Oldies,Pop Canada CHTO-AM 1690 Toronto, Ontario Varied Canada CBC Music - Canadian Songwriters Varied Canada CIGB-FM 102.3 (NRJ) Mauricie, Quebec Pop Canada CKFM-FM 99.9 (9-9-9 Virgin Radio) Toronto, Ontario Varied Canada CBC Music - Hip Hop Hip Hop Canada Abacus.fm My Friend Irma Oldies Canada Beatsradio Varied Canada RDI, le Reseau de l'Information Varied Canada CJFM-FM 95.9 (Virgin 96) Montreal, Quebec Varied,Adult Contemporary Canada CJMV-FM 102.7 (NRJ) Val-d'Or, Quebec Pop Canada CHUM-AM 1050 (TSN Radio 1050) Toronto, Ontario Sports Canada CFGL-FM 105.7 (Rythme FM) Laval/Montreal, QC Adult Contemporary,Pop,Adult Canada CJNB-AM 1050 North Battleford, SK Country Canada Calm Radio: Gregorian Chant Religious,Christian Canada CFBK-FM 105.5 (Moose FM) Huntsville, Ontario Adult Contemporary Canada CBC Radio 2 - Classical Varied Canada CIJK-FM 89.3 (K-Rock) Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia Classic Rock Canada RR Radio: Vancouver (BC) Railroad Talk Canada Calm Radio: Africa World Africa Canada CHDI-FM 102.9 (Sonic 102.9) Edmonton, AB Rock Canada CBC Music - Adult Alternative Alternative,Adult Canada Abacus.fm Radio Mozart Classical Canada CKYC-FM 93.7 (Country 93) Owen Sound, ON Country Canada Radio Maria Toronto Religious Canada Calm Radio: Folk Folk Canada CIMG-FM 94.1 (Eagle 94) Swift Current, SK Rock Canada CJOT-FM 99.7 (Boom 99.7) Ottawa, Ontario Oldies Canada CKAC-AM 730 (CKAC Sports) Montreal, Quebec Varied Canada CKJH-AM 750 (CK750) Melfort, SK Classic Rock Canada Abacus.fm Renaissance Lute Classical Canada CFBG-FM (99.5 Moose FM) Muskoka, ON Adult Contemporary Canada CKNX-FM 101.7 (The ONE) Wingham, Ontario Adult Contemporary,Pop Canada CKBW-FM 98.1 (South Shore Radio) Bridgewater, NS Adult Contemporary Canada CHFI-FM 98.1 Toronto, ON Adult Contemporary Canada CKPM-FM 98.7 Port Moody, BC Adult Contemporary Canada CKRA-FM 96.3 (Capital FM) Edmonton, Alberta 80s,70s,60s Canada Pure Rock Radio Rock,Classic Rock Canada CBC Music - Kids CBC Kids Canada Track of Doom / Warrior of the World released: 2001 Track of Doom / Warrior of the World The Centaur When Giants Collide Track of Doom Heavyweight Warrior Warriors of the World Moving Fast Money Satisfies Black Despair If God's in Heaven (Why Is There Hell on Earth?) Tartu muusikanädal released: 2013 Tartu muusikanädal Highwire Artists Special Shades Pristan Lähedus Ulmiku unenägu A Song for Ashes Täna olen aus After Tomorrow Black Dawn (live at GenKlubi) Loveless Man The Lost Art of Humming Calling the Force A Thousand Questions Mu õnn Loomine Illusioon Even the Earth Love Is a Lie Binokkel cedarfinancereview.com auctionsreviewed.com netbooksreviewed.com letterfromrussia.org minnesotacarauctions.com mappingdronereview.com autotirereviews.com streamingfromfrance.com performerreview.com interiordesignreview.com distributingadvice.com berlinauctions.com africabusinessreview.com forextrainingreviews.com workonlinefromanywhere.org indiahotelreviews.com stockoptionreview.com chattanoogaauctions.com goldandsilveradvice.com colloidalsilverreviews.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16739
__label__cc	0.692535	0.307465	Home>News>Employment>Government announces proposal for “owner-employee” scheme Government announces proposal for “owner-employee” scheme This week the Coalition Government announced its proposals for a new “owner-employee” employment contract. This contract would mean employees giving up some of their employment rights in exchange for tax-free shares up to the value of £50,000 in the company for which they work. The scheme will be optional for existing employees and could be offered as a condition of an offer of employment to new employees from April 2013. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, in his speech to the Conservative Party conference described this proposal as a “voluntary three-way deal” which would mean employees losing the right to protection from: • Unfair dismissal; • Redundancy; • The right to request flexible working • Time off for training; and • Women to give 16 weeks’ notice of their proposed return to work following maternity leave (rather than the usual 8 weeks). In return for this agreement, employees would get a £2,000 to £50,000 share in the business and would also not have to pay capital gains tax on any profit made on the shares. Businesses will also have the option of inserting more favourable employment terms into the contract if they so wish. The Government has confirmed that this proposed new scheme is primarily targeted at fast growing small and medium sized companies that want to create a flexible workforce. The Government plans to consult on the contract details later this month (such as the process of buying back shares on termination of employment), and the relevant legislation is due to be implemented by the end of 2012. We can see the proposals being of particular interest to owner-managed small and medium-sized enterprises that have a number of key employees who they have already considered incentivising with shares in the company. The new scheme should allow the interests of those employees being better aligned with the existing owners of the business in return for very significant tax advantages for the shares received. We look forward to seeing the detail of the proposals to establish what flexibility there will be regarding the types of shares that can be used and the contractual arrangements that can be put in place to protect and balance the interests of the company, its shareholders and the employees concerned. For more information, please contact Helen Watson on 01244 405565 or send an e-mail to [email protected].	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16741
__label__cc	0.648915	0.351085	Home>News>Employment>Performers’ Status Performers’ Status The Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has recently held that a lap dancer is able to fall within the definition of an “employee” (as defined by section 230 of the Employment Rights Act 1996) for the purposes of bringing an unfair dismissal claim. In Quashie v Stringfellows Restaurants Limited UKEAT/0289/11, the Claimant worked under a standard contract but it was generally understood in the industry that the relationship was one of self-employment. The Claimant worked on a rota; was entitled to work when on the rota; and was paid by the Respondent for vouchers which she received from clients, subject to agreed deductions. It was held by the employment tribunal that the Claimant and Respondent’s relationship did not possess the key factors relevant in deciding whether an employment relationship exists, as set out in Ready-Mixed Concrete (South East) Limited v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance [1968] 2 QB 497. The key factors in an employment relationship are: – personal service; – employer control; and – mutuality of obligation. The employment tribunal held that although the first two factors were satisfied, there was no mutuality of obligation. The employment tribunal’s decision was based on the fact that there was no obligation on the Respondent to pay the Claimant if she did not earn the required amount in vouchers, she did not need permission to go on holiday and she could work elsewhere. On appeal, the EAT disagreed with the employment tribunal’s decision and held that the Claimant was capable of being an employee due to: – the Respondent having the right to control the Claimant’s activities when she was at work; – the Claimant having to attend work in accordance with the rota; – the Respondent having to give her the opportunity to dance to earn money; and – the Respondent’s obligation to pay the Claimant under the voucher system and under its Council licence. For continuity purposes, the EAT went on to hold that there was an employment relationship under an umbrella contract. This was due to a number of factors including: combination of nights actually worked, periods between nights booked on the rota and attendance at a weekly meeting. The case has been remitted to consider whether the Claimant’s contract had been void for illegality (in light of representations made by her to HM Revenue and Customs) and, if not, to consider the unfair dismissal complaint. This could potentially lead to claims from other regular performers who previously saw themselves as self employed rather than having a status such as employee, such as: musicians and other entertainers. If you have any queries arising from the above case or regarding employment status generally, please do not hesitate to contact Catherine Kerr in the Employment team at [email protected].	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16742
__label__cc	0.721702	0.278298	National Executive Council Meeting 24-27 May, 2012 – Ernakulam (Kerala) Resolution No. 3 : Emerging questions on Education and Employment system in North Eastern States Unforesighted policies of Education by the Governments of the North Eastern States, Corruption, anarchy in the field of education and development have forced nearly 1.5 lakh students to migrate to other states for education. The North Eastern Region could have occupied the foremost place in the country, if the resources of the region full of natural wealth, would have been used not only in the field of education but also in other areas of development. This NEC of ABVP has its clear view that the central and particularly the state governments are fully responsible for this state of affairs of the North Eastern States. In spite of Rs. 640 crores were given to the North Eastern States for the promotion of Education under 10th five year plan, but even today there are only 14 Universities, 33 Engineering Colleges, 17 Polytechnics, 10 Medical Colleges and 47 Professional Colleges in the North Eastern Regions. In addition to limited number of educational institution at every state, students are deprived of basic facilities from primary to higher education. Looking at the number of institutions it can clearly be said that the Educational Sector is grossly neglected here. NEC of ABVP expresses its concern over the corrupt and dictatorial attitude of Vice-Chancellors of the Universities of the North Eastern States. Offices of the Vice - Chancellors have become the hubs of corruption. Not allowing the members of the Fact Finding Committee appointed by Hon. President of India, to meet the representatives of teachers and student organizations, makes their dastardly attitude very much clear. ABVP strongly condemns these corrupt and anti-education Vice - Chancellors and demands that they should be removed from their posts immediately. North Eastern India is having rich and ample resources like tea, oil, natural gas, flora-fauna and forest reserve. But because of the corrupt and unstable employment policies of the inactive State Governments, the people have to face the problem of un-employment. Therefore ABVP demands that educational policies be framed for the north east region with the help of intelligentsia and educationists. NEC of ABVP is of the clear opinion that the rate of the growth can be increased by imparting employment oriented Education and by encouraging road transport and initiating new industries. There are endless possibilities of employment generation through the field of education for the students of North Eastern States, such as tourism, Food processing, agriculture, bamboo products, sports, silk-technology. Enough number of employment generating institutions should be opened in the region, and information technology be given encouragement. Students from North Eastern India should get the priority in the admission for these institutions, and at the same time arrangements be made to keep control over the institutions coming from outside the region. ABVP is of the opinion that the students studying in the educational institutions of other states are not only economically exploited, but also the boys and girls are facing harassment at the hands of the criminal elements. As a result a feeling of insecurity is created among these students. We expect all student community to take initiative to create suitable atmosphere for the students from North Eastern States, we also expect that the governments and educational institutions should take an initiative for their proper security, and should form special committees for this purpose. NEC demands that the state government of the north eastern region should take an initiative to improve the conditions of education and employment otherwise it will launch a student agitation for it. At the same time ABVP appeals the social organizations of the country in general and that of the North East in particular to come forward to be a part of this agitation to force the concerned state governments for the change.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16745
__label__cc	0.661724	0.338276	CWS Asset Management and Sales (CWSAMS) is a nationwide company with expertise in the management, marketing and sales of a wide range of assets, specializing in web-based and live auctions. CWSAMS has provided continuous support to the U.S. Department of the Treasury, its legacy agencies, and other public & private entities for the marketing and sale of real and personal property for the past 26 years. An abbreviated list of clients are: Complete Liquidation Auction By Order of Secured Creditor. Public online auction will include: Hypertherm CNC Plasma Cutting System w/ Table, Scotchman Automatic Horizontal Bandsaw, Baxter Verticut Automatic Horizontal Bandsaw, Large Assortment Of Miller Welders, Pandjiris Welding Positioning Tables, Shop Equipment, Ingersoll Rand & Sullair Towable Air Compressors, Gooseneck Trailer, Ford Flatbed Truck, Airless Paint Sprayers, Power Tools, Welding Tables & Wire, Oster Pipe Threader, Power Rollers, Much More!! Greenway's Real Estate and Auction, Inc. is proud to offer this fantastic Real Estate and new old stock inventory for sale AT AUCTION on March 9th, 2019. The Sale Starts at 9:00 AM Saturday morning and will last all day. The Real Estate features an 11,000 square foot +/- former Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, RAM dealership. The building has a large showroom and sales floor, shop area, parts room, [ View Full Listing ] Dealers Auto Auction of Memphis is stocked and ready for the tax time rush! Join us in the lanes this Thursday morning with in-ops kicking off at 8:00 am and Fleet/Lease gearing up at 9:00 am! The Element Loyalty program is offering pay-outs through the entire month of March, and don’t forget… you can use the transportation assistance on all new purchases! Get ready for some FREE... Count Boulder police among the fans. They started using PropertyRoom.com in 2007, mainly to unload found property that couldn’t be traced back to the owners. Items usually are kept from four months to three years, and they are posted on the police department’s Web site for four weeks before they are put up for auction, said spokeswoman Sarah Huntley. The public may view the vehicles from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. the day of the auction. In order to bid on a vehicle, you must be registered with the Impound Lot before 9 a.m. on the day of auction. Registrations will not be processed after 9 a.m. There is a $5 fee to obtain a bidder number for the auction. You must be 18 or older to bid. Additional attendees with a bidder are $1 each, including children. One person in each party must register as a bidder. Everyone in your party must be present when the bidder registers in order to be allowed in for the attendee fee of $1. The bidder's name will be the name the Bill of Sale is printed in. This cannot be changed. After over 40 years as a family owned restaurant and staple of Golden the owners of The Briarwood Inn have decided to move on to other life adventures. This public online auction to include: heating and cooking equipment, roll in convection oven, refrigeration, plating and catering for large banquets, smallwares, dining tables and chairs, bar equipment, wine cellar racks, chandeliers, imported antiques, patio furniture, fountains, outdoor lighting, sheds and a Large digital outdoor street sign. In recent years, public auctions have become commonly referred to as “the mechanic’s auction,” where lots can quickly become a money pit for novice bidders. There is no guarantee on the authenticity of the mileage on the odometer here, and since it’s an auction, you can’t drive the vehicle prior to bidding on it. This is a place where flood vehicles sell for top dollar after being hastily reupholstered in the hopes of duping amateur bidders, and cars with bad engines come loaded with heavy-duty oil in order to ensure it doesn’t belch smoke or leak on the auction block. Auto Auction Mall is your #1 source for purchasing used cars at wholesale prices. We provide exclusive access to dealer-only car auctions, helping over 200,000 buyers find incredible deals on used cars through our online marketplace every single month. Our unrivaled concierge service helps you navigate dealer inventory and save thousands on your desired vehicle, with financing available to US buyers and shipping available worldwide. The New York City Police Department regularly holds online auctions to dispose of seized, unclaimed property and vehicles. The Property Clerk Division works with an outside auctioneer, called Property Room, which specializes in items seized by law enforcement agencies across the country. Online auctions include many high-end items, such as jewelry, rare coins, brand-name clothing, and consumer electronics. Vehicles are also available. Participation in online auctions is free and open to the general public. Hope your new year is off to a good start! This is our regular March Auction!We will once again have a great assortment of bank and lending institution items, along with farm, ranch and estate sell-outs, dealer surplus and many, many great consignments! As always, we will start at 9:00 am on a trailer loaded with assorted items from tools, to antique farm items to the unexpected! At [ View Full Listing ] You could tell that most people knew each other. It felt like these few dozen bidders were part of an exclusive network of junkyard owners and flip-artists who have been bidding on cars against each other for years. Every now and then, when one guy outbid another, you’d see the losing bidder lean over to a friend and talk shit on the winner. “He just buys cars for the sake of buying them. He probably makes no money,” I heard one guy whisper. Police auctions are full of mysteries and secrets. Selling for Cities and Counties: POLICE EVIDENCE Over 500 Items of Assorted Police Evidence from Local Police Departments Consisting of: Tools, Jewelry, Car Stereos, Cell Phones, Televisions, Cameras, Watches, Toys, Etc. COMPUTERS & OFFICE FURNITURE Computers, Printers, Office Copiers, Wood & Metal Desks, Bookcases, 2 & 4-Drawer File Cabinets, Lateral File Cabinets, Metal Shelving, Executive & Secretarial Chairs, Office Side Chairs, More! These programs are meant to benefit taxpayers as a whole, but could they benefit you, the individual taxpayer? Can you bag a bargain at a government auction? "GSA's goal is to maximize return to the federal government," the GSA spokesperson said. So they're not giving this stuff away. In fact, the government sets "reserves" or minimums for the most valuable property it auctions off. But judging from a wide tour of current government auctions and bids, there are still opportunities to walk away with valuable goods for a great price. Here's a look at who's selling what, where, and for how much. The Sheriff makes no representations on the functionality, safety and recalls of the vehicles auctioned. Potential purchasers are strongly encouraged to conduct their own research on the history of the vehicles they wish to bid on. Vehicle safety recall information can be researched at https://vinrcl.safercar.gov/vin/ .The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) site lets you enter a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) to learn if a specific vehicle has not been repaired as part of a safety recall in the last 15 years. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN) are provided in the Sheriff’s Sale notices for all vehicles sold in the Upcoming Auction(s) section of this webpage. Capital Auto Auction hosts weekly live auctions at each of our four locations, as well as online. Whether you attend a live auto auction or an online auto auction, you'll find quality used vehicles listed at the kind of bargain prices that typically only dealers see. Our vehicles may be repossessions, dealer consignments, government vehicles or donations. In every case, they are auctioned openly to the public so it's easy for customers to find or sell the vehicles they need. What's more, it's not just individual cars that we work with, either; through a fleet auto auction, you have a way to quickly dispose of fleet vehicles you no longer need. Government auctions are a great way to snag a retiring cop cruiser on the cheap, and being owned and run by the feds, you better believe it’s going to have records of every oil change, spark plug, and water pump that went into the damn thing. Nevertheless, it’s always best to remain objective, because even though it’s being sold by the United States government, that doesn’t mean it hasn’t been thrashed. The competition at these things can also be pretty fierce at times (cab companies love old Crown Vics), so if cop cruisers and confiscated drug trafficking cars aren’t your thing, there are probably other options out there for you, like public auctions.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16746
__label__wiki	0.87114	0.87114	› NBA › Western Conference View all months August 2019 September 2019 October 2019 Los Angeles Lakers Home Game 2 Staples Center - Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles Lakers Home Game 10 Sun Sep 1 Los Angeles Lakers Seasons Mon Sep 2 Tue Sep 3 Wed Sep 4 Thu Sep 5 Fri Sep 6 Sat Sep 7 Golden State Warriors at Los Angeles Lakers Preseason 2019 Los Angeles Lakers Season Tickets - Season Package (Includes Tickets for all Regular Season Home Games) Los Angeles Lakers Home Opener Los Angeles Lakers Information The Los Angeles Lakers are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference. They play their home games at Staples Center which is shared with NBA rival, the Los Angeles Clippers. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in NBA history with twenty-three Division titles, thirty-two Conference titles and seventeen Championships. According to Forbes, the Lakers are the most valuable NBA franchise as of 2012 with an estimated $900 million value. In 1947, the Lakers were founded after the purchase of the Detroit Gems of the NBL. The team joined the NBA in 1948 and went on to win five championships in Minneapolis. They franchise struggled financially in the late 1950s and relocated to Los Angeles prior to the 1960-61 season. The Lakers made it to the NBA Finals six times during the 1960s but lost each series to the Boston Celtics. This sparked their longstanding rivalry that still exists today. They won their sixth NBA title in 1972, however, with new head coach Bill Sharman and newly signed four-time MVP Wilt Chamberlain. The late 1970s did not bring any more titles, nor were the Lakers able to make it to the Finals. In the 1980s, however, things turned around. They were nicknamed "Showtime" because of their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson. They went on to win five championships in a nine-year span and their first Finals championship against the Celtics. The dream team included Hall of Famers Johnson, Abdul-Jabbar, and James Worthy, and Hall of Fame coach, Pat Riley. Then, Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson retired and the early 1990s led to struggle. Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant were added to the roster in 1996, however and again, tides turned. Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000-2001. They slowed down for a little while but then won two more championships against the Orlando Magic in 2009 and the Celtics in 2010. Last season was shortened due to lockout but the Lakers ended the regular season with a 41-25 record. They entered the playoffs as the third seed and quickly defeated the Denver Nuggets in the first round. They were then eliminated in the second round by the Oklahoma City Thunder. After a few draft picks and trades, the current roster for the 2012-13 season includes Ronnie Aguilar, Steve Blake, Kobe Bryant, Earl Clark, Chris Douglas-Roberts, Chris Duhon, Devin Ebanks, Pau Gasol, Andrew Goudelock, Jordan Hill, Dwight Howard, Antawn Jamison, Darius Johnson-Odom, Jodie Meeks, Darius Morris, Steve Nash, Reeves Nelson, Robert Sacre, Greg Somogyi and Metta World Peace.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16748
__label__wiki	0.517865	0.517865	Home News Colorado Eagles beat San Jose to pick up the AHL playoff spot... Colorado Eagles beat San Jose to pick up the AHL playoff spot in their first season The Colorado Eagles defeated San Jose Barracuda (3-2) on Saturday to secure a place in the American Hockey League-Calder Cup playoffs. The Eagles' victory at the Budweiser Events Center in Loveland and the victory of San Diego over Tucson sealed the Colorado play-off in his first season in the league. The Colorado Eagles reached the Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League in their first season in the AHL. The Eagles finished fourth in the Western Conference's Pacific Division and will face Bakersfield in a best-of-5 round of the first round, starting in Loveland on April 15. Fourth-placed eagles from the Western Conference's Pacific Division face the Bakersfield Condors in the Best-of-5 first-round match, which starts in Loveland on Friday. Colorado hosts Games 1 and 2. The series moves to Bakersfield for the 3rd game on April 23. Tickets for the first round will be sold to the general public on Monday at 10:00. Prices start at $ 20. Tickets can be purchased at the box office of the Budweiser Events Center by calling the team ticket agents at 970-686-SHOT (7468) or online at http://www.coloradoeagles.com Previous article"Si on marque trois buts à la maison et qu'on ne gagne pas", le racing paie ses eres en défense Next articleFrankfurt: Today defusing the main bomb – BILD	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16754
__label__cc	0.607365	0.392635	The World’s Cruelest Roller Coaster Ride The daily high temperatures on the Plains have yet to dip below 90 degrees, and Auburn’s football season is already a forgone conclusion. The only question left is whether it will have more than four losses by year’s end. Any hope of heading to Amen Corner with a fighting chance was obliterated by an average Mississippi State football team. We all saw it coming but didn’t want to accept it. Today, reality has set in for this Auburn team. It’s an especially hard pill to swallow when your two biggest rivals sit at the very top of the college football world. Someone recently said that being an Auburn fan was like riding the world’s cruelest roller coaster. Just when you think you’ve arrived, the bottom falls out. So here we go again. What seemed like manageable games against Tennessee, Ole Miss and Texas A&M two weeks ago now look improbable. Let’s face it: You don’t fix offenses like this one in a week or six. Most telling Saturday night was the fight in both teams. Despite coming off two straight conference losses, Mississippi State was visibly hungry from the start and wanted to win. Auburn, with everything to play for ahead of it, looked unsure and lost. Plain and simple, Gus Malzahn didn’t have this team ready. And that goes for both sides of the ball. When you are the fifth-highest-paid coach in the game and facing a team that’s reeling itself, you don’t lay an egg and get a pass. Buyer’s remorse doesn’t start to describe the feeling of Auburn fans today. Gus Malzahn is not going anywhere—not this year or next. Boosters caught up in the emotion of season ending wins over Georgia and Alabama ensure the Malzahn Experience continues for years to come. That doesn’t mean it will be pleasant for him and his coaching staff. As is tradition now, drastic coaching changes on the offensive side of the ball will be the talk as we head toward the holiday season. While Alabama and Georgia talk playoffs, the Auburn faithful get to discuss offensive strategy and who will be its next victim—I mean offensive coordinator. It’s enough to make you change television channels and devote your fall to Dancing with the Stars. Things are only going to get harder for this staff in the coming years. Auburn’s two rivals are only the start. Texas A&M is quickly getting its act together. Florida comes on the schedule next year, and don’t discount Mississippi State and Joe Moorhead. It takes more than landing top-10 recruiting classes. It requires coaching. Auburn has made its bed and now has to lie in it. Another season is over way too soon. Is it too early to start talking about who’s going to play quarterback next year? The post The World’s Cruelest Roller Coaster Ride appeared first on Track 'Em Tigers, Auburn's oldest and most read independent blog. from Track 'Em Tigers, Auburn's oldest and most read independent blog http://trackemtigers.com/the-worlds-cruelest-roller-coaster/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-worlds-cruelest-roller-coaster	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16759
__label__wiki	0.746763	0.746763	Australia Unlimited Landing Pads Delivering the goods Author: Simon Webster Using artificial intelligence to help online retailers deliver parcels quickly and efficiently, Sydney startup Premonition sees a bright future ahead. Young Australian Class Styles - Category technology-style We’d love you to share this content « prev \| next » The next time you go online and order a pair of shoes to wear to a party that night, or a new TV to watch a football grand final that same day – and the item is delivered within three hours of your clicking ‘pay’ – spare a thought for Brad Lorge, and a project that began at the University of New South Wales (UNSW). The 26-year-old is the co-founder and managing director of Premonition, a Sydney-based company that claims to have created a world-first: an automated dispatch system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to help online retailers and shipping companies manage their deliveries as efficiently as possible, working in real time. It creates optimal routes on the fly, adapts to any changes or disruptions as they happen, and even predicts when and from where future online orders will come in. “We also use AI to learn where the best parking spots are at any time of day,” Lorge says. “We make use of that in the office quite a bit!” University challenge Lorge, along with co-founders Matthew Moss and Kenneth Wong, established Premonition in 2015. Having snared several big names in the Australian shipping space, the company is on track to be managing the delivery of 10 per cent of all Australian parcels by next year, and is lining up some big deals overseas. The vision for the future is an ambitious one. “We’re going to establish ourselves as the de facto standard for logistics,” Lorge says. “We want to be the gold standard for Australian engineered products and engineering teams who have taken on world-level problems and succeeded. If we can achieve that in the next five years I will be ecstatic.” Lorge’s confidence is well founded. As a 17-year-old Sydney schoolboy he was managing a global software engineering team with nine people in it. “I loved programming, saw some opportunities, got involved early in an idea someone had, and it just grew,” he says. So when he and fellow computer science students at UNSW set about tackling a logistics problem in a bid to help feed impoverished Australians, naturally they came up with a solution. The team developed software to help food banks overcome the logistical issues they faced in getting unwanted food from supermarkets, farms and so on to people in need. The research project became a business, Foodbank Local, and the delivery companies that used it soon saw wider possibilities. “The commercial operators that we were dealing with in the not-for-profit space started asking us if they could use the technology for their own purposes,” Lorge says. “So we started commercialising off the back of that.” Australian expertise UNSW was the perfect place for Lorge and his classmates to develop their ideas. “We were incredibly lucky in our class,” he says. “We had some of the most inspirational, talented people who helped us develop as engineers. We were incredibly well supported by the university in the work we did.” Support also came from Data61, a digital research network that is now part of the Australian government science agency, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). “In concert with Microsoft and UNSW, Data61 provided a huge amount of assistance, everything from working space to guidance and cutting-edge research that helped guide us through some tricky problems that stood in the way of solving this thing.” Now, Lorge and colleagues are finding that being an Australian company is a huge help when it comes to selling their product overseas. “Australian logistics operations are incredibly well respected globally , and we’ve got some of the top universities from a tech point of view in the world. When you put those two together you get some great opportunities.” Premonition’s technology is delivering substantial cost savings for the companies that adopt it, as well as enabling online retailers to offer services such as three-hour deliveries. Thanks to exponential growth in online shopping, the shipping market is growing rapidly, and consolidating. “More and more businesses are operating on a national or global level and they expect their delivery partners to work on a national or global level too,” Lorge says. “The complexities of the operations are increasing, and that requires a new level of technology that hasn’t been needed in the past.” Lorge believes Premonition has that technology, and the company’s trophy cabinet seems to back him up. In 2015 Lorge was named Hills Young Innovator of the Year by the Australian Information Industry Association. Then, in 2017, Premonition was named Outstanding Startup at the UNSW Innovation Awards, and was the Australian Technologies Competition winner for Smart Cities. But it’s more than just plaudits and commercial success that drive Premonition. Efficient shipping is not just about profit; it leads to a lower environmental footprint, and more money in the pockets of drivers, who are often contractors paying for their own fuel. “My real passion is the social impact of technology, be that delivering food aid or supporting the thousands of drivers who use our technology,” Lorge says. “That’s why I love working at Premonition. We’re passionate about being a values-based business, generating revenue and being self-sustaining while having a positive impact in the world. Every member of the team is here to make a difference.” Find out more about Premonition. Anti-counterfeit technology protecting Australian food Isle of whisky Professor Carolyn McGregor: Using Big Data to save tiny lives MEDTECH STARTUP TURNS HOME INTO MEDICAL CLINIC Artificial intelligence at work © Copyright 2019 Australian Trade and Investment Commission.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16760
__label__cc	0.652834	0.347166	Assistant Professor Advertising and Marketing Communications Location: St. Louis, MO Position Type: Communications The School of Communications at Webster University invites applications for a tenure track Assistant Professor position in Advertising & Marketing Communications, in our Department of Communications & Journalism. We are seeking candidates with a broad, integrated perspective on advertising and marketing, able to contribute across the areas of our BA and MA programs; fully in touch with current trends and issues; excited by the possibilities of new technologies, audience engagement, and branding; with a strong base in research skills. International experience and interests are a plus. Also desirable are secondary interests in any of the other areas of our Advertising & Marketing Communications curriculum, including visual design, copy writing, campaign strategies, digital strategies, account services, and client management. Pending final budgetary approval. A master's degree, professional experience, teaching experience, and evidence of potential for academic career success are required. Essential Duties The successful candidate will teach undergraduate and graduate courses and advise students in Advertising & Marketing Communications and related areas, provide faculty service, and engage in professional development, including scholarship and creative activity. We are seeking a colleague whose experience and expertise complements that of our existing faculty, who brings new perspectives to discussions of curriculum revision and strategic planning for the department. For more information see http://www.webster.edu/communications/ Special Instructions to Applicants Women and members of underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply, as are candidates with international and interdisciplinary experience. Applicants should send: (1) a letter of interest that addresses qualifications and fit to the Department and School, (2) a curriculum vitae and, (3) contact information for three references; additional materials may be requested at a later date. Review of applications will begin immediately and continue until the position is filled. Link to apply: http://webster.peopleadmin.com/postings/2834 Webster University is committed to creating a diverse environment and is proud to be an equal opportunity employer. We are committed to maintaining a culturally and academically diverse faculty and staff of the highest caliber. Accordingly, Webster University provides equal employment opportunities (EEO) to all employees and applicants for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, national origin, ethnicity, age, protected veteran or disabled status, genetic information, or any other characteristic protected by applicable law. jeid-dd2eca0df02c4bbbbce76052f1e8b830	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16764
__label__wiki	0.667717	0.667717	Dan Rodricks Consistent intervention in the lives of offenders will spare Baltimore more violence By Dan Rodricks Molly Baldwin, CEO of Roca, at podium, during Mayor Catherine Pugh's announcement bringing the anti-violence program to Baltimore. (Baltimore Sun/ Kenneth Lam) After another week of shootings and killings, this seems like a good time to say it again: Baltimore needs to not only suppress violence with smart police work, it needs to intervene to stop violence from erupting in the first place. And the city needs to be consistent about that approach, over years and multiple mayors. Unfortunately, just the opposite has happened. Good intervention efforts have fallen by the wayside. One involved direct, face-to-face warnings to repeat violent offenders. Sheila Dixon was mayor at the time, and Leonard Hamm police commissioner. Officials summoned offenders on parole or probation to police districts, where they were admonished to be good or face federal prosecution and possible incarceration in far-off prisons. The felon call-in program, carried out with the help of then-U.S. Attorney Rod Rosenstein, continued after Fred Bealefeld succeeded Hamm. The program was inexpensive and effective. During its run, between 2006 and 2012, murders dropped by 30 percent, shootings by 40 percent and adult arrests by 43 percent. 14 shot in 24 hours in Baltimore, five in single West Baltimore incident, police say; five dead overall By Kevin Rector and Christina Tkacik But the program went away. A couple of years later, under another mayor and another police commissioner, there was an attempt to bring something like it back, but that effort fell apart. When Martin O’Malley was mayor and Peter Beilenson health commissioner, both men wanted to do something about homicides of juveniles. There were 32 of them in 2002. By 2005, there was only one. Why? Beilenson created a program to track at-risk kids and provide them with the services they needed to stay out of trouble. Again, a good program. But a good program gone. Safe Streets, on the other hand, has survived a few mayors. The violence-interrupter program employs ex-offenders to keep disputes from becoming deadly. It finally seems to be getting the support it deserved. The Pugh administration plans to have it working at 10 sites by the end of the year. The newest program in town is Roca Baltimore. It went into operation last summer, focused on the hardest cases in West Baltimore and East Baltimore, dozens of teenage boys and young men considered dangerous. They might be on probation, possibly on gun charges; many are considered likely to be arrested again, or likely to be shot, or likely to shoot. Roca’s staff has names, numbers and addresses and sets out to find them, gain their confidence and offer them classes in life skills, therapy and transitional employment. It doesn’t always work. Two of the young men were murdered before Roca had a chance to intervene. Some of the boys and young men could not be found. Many are just hard to reach, and it’s understandable. Growing up in poor and violent neighborhoods, they’ve been traumatized and hardened. After five months of recruiting Baltimore's most dangerous young men, Roca ready to show its progress By Yvonne Wenger and Lillian Reed One of the biggest challenges: Getting them to control their anger. “They need to learn to pause and sort through things,” says Molly Baldwin, the Baltimore native who runs the Massachusetts-based Roca. And that pause might be the difference between life and death on the street. It’s going to take time to turn more of these young men away from guns, gangs and drug crews and see a positive effect in Baltimore’s crime rate. “But they are tired,” Baldwin says. “They’re scared and tired. I mean, who wants to live like that every day? So we’re going to stay at it, and show them there’s another way, and be hopeful.” Roca has funding for four years. Good. “We’re racing the clock,” Baldwin says. It’s a race to keep young men alive long enough so they can move into a better lane. [Most read] Jimmy’s Famous Seafood launches PETA Tears beer, nearly a year after billboard feud » Intervening in troubled lives takes time, money and sweat. It needs to be steadfastly maintained over years to be effective. The state could play a big role in it. The Maryland prison system could become far more focused on the rehabilitation of offenders so that when they are released they are transformed and not prone to commit more crimes. That would be intervention at the institutional level. Consider what the police tell us about the people who have been killed in Baltimore’s streets. From year to year, most of the victims have been men between the ages of 25 and 39, with increasing numbers in their 40s and 50s. Last year, 259 of the 309 Baltimore homicide victims had records. For varying lengths of time, most were probably incarcerated. That they came home, and ended up dead, suggests that they put themselves at risk, by returning to old habits among old associates, probably in the same old neighborhoods. Latest Dan Rodricks Loyal constituents pushing John Sarbanes to support impeachment inquiry; here’s where he and Maryland’s other congressmen stand A visionary mayor would be nice, but focus on Baltimore’s big, fundamental problems will suffice The last thing Baltimore needs is more abandonment America needs fixing, so ramp up training and wages in the building trades An American from way back, when the country was new, would be shocked in Trump time Prisons are for punishment and public safety; that’s understood. But it’s a waste of taxpayer money to not use a man’s years of imprisonment in a way that prepares him for a decent life outside the walls. Maryland has made progress in slowing the revolving door between prison and the street. Still, the whole system needs to be overhauled, so that the goal, between intake and the bus ride home from Hagerstown, is transformation. Sheila Dixon Most Read • Dan Rodricks	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16766
__label__wiki	0.952603	0.952603	American-based Islamic State supporter to spend two decades in jail By Jay Jackson, Bangladesh News 17 Jun 2019, 03:21 GMT+10 NEW YORK, New York - In federal court in Brooklyn, New York, on Friday, Mohamed Rafik Naji was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment to be followed by five years supervised release. The tough sentence, handed down by United States District Judge Frederic Block, was for Najif attempting to provide material support or resources to the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization. His activities included promoting an attack in Times Square, New York. Naji, 39, a citizen of Yemen and a permanent resident of New York City pleaded guilty to the charge in February last year. "Time and again, the United States has brought to justice those who have traveled from here to try and fight for ISIS," said Assistant Attorney General Demers. "This is just what Naji did. Today's sentence holds him accountable for his crime and I want to thank the agents, analysts, and prosecutors who are responsible for this result," Assistant Attorney General for National Security John C. Demers said Friday. "With today's sentence, Naji has been held accountable for trying to enter a foreign war zone and join ISIS' murderous cause," U.S. Attorney Richard P. Donoghue for the Eastern District of New York added. "This Office, together with the FBI, the NYPD and all the members of the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force will take every step necessary to incapacitate terrorists like Naji and protect the American people." "Extremists like Mr. Naji believe murdering innocent people advances their political agendas," Assistant Director-in-Charge William F. Sweeney Jr. of the FBI's New York Field Office said. "In the end, Mr. Naji, like many others before him, find the only thing their actions lead to is a different vantage point from which to watch the world pass by – through the steel bars of a federal prison. Mr. Naji will remember today as sentencing day, nothing more. Working day in and day out with our partners on the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force, safeguards have been put in place to secure Times Square and other popular attractions so any would-be terrorist will find it extremely difficult to carry out their plans. Our unified goal is to remain proactive and prevent acts before they occur." "This case is a reminder that New York City remains the top target for terrorism in the U.S.," NYPD Commissioner James P. O'Neill said Friday. "The NYPD and its partners in law enforcement will never relent in the fight against terror. I want to thank the dedicated members of the JTTF who worked on this investigation to keep our City safe and the prosecutors from the Eastern District of New York." By late 2014, Naji had become a committed supporter of ISIS's murderous cause as he repeatedly promoted and distributed ISIS propaganda with violent themes and messages on social media. In March 2015, Naji traveled from New York to Yemen in an effort to join ISIS. Naji also used social media to advise another person he could travel to join ISIS, but unbeknownst to Naji, that individual was a confidential source of information for the government (the CS). In an online conversation with the CS, Naji proclaimed his allegiance to ISIS, stating, "I belong to Islamic state only." Following his return to the United States in September 2015, Naji continued to express his support for ISIS and violent jihad. In July 2016, following the ISIS-inspired terrorist truck attack in Nice, France, that killed scores of innocent civilians, Naji told the CS how easy it would be to carry out a similar attack in Times Square, explaining that ISIS "want[s] an operation in Times Square" and stating that an ISIS "reconnaissance group . . . put up scenes of Times Square." Naji further explained, "if there is a truck, I mean a garbage truck and one drives it there to Times Square and crushes them . . . Times Square day." Naji has been incarcerated since his arrest in Brooklyn in November 2016. The government's case is being handled by the Office's National Security and Cybercrime Section. Assistant United States Attorney Ian C. Richardson is in charge of the prosecution, with assistance from Trial Attorney Jacqueline L. Barkett of the National Security Division's Counterterrorism Section. (Photo credit: Prima News).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16767
__label__wiki	0.774512	0.774512	We've detected you are on Internet Explorer. For the best Barrons.com experience, please update to a modern browser. CHROME SAFARI FIREFOX This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com. https://www.barrons.com/articles/valueact-buys-up-more-seagate-shares-as-insiders-sell-1535715000 ValueAct Buys Up More Seagate Shares as Insiders Sell Ed Lin Aug. 31, 2018 7:30 am ET Jonathan Drake/Bloomberg News ValueAct Capital Partners can’t seem to get enough of hard-disk drive maker Seagate Technologies . We reported earlier this month that the activist investor increased its Seagate stake by $50 million. Since then, from Aug. 9 through Aug. 17, the fund has bought another 3.05 million shares for $157 million, or $51.53 per share, according to filings ValueAct made with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Barron’s calculates that ValueAct now owns 26.4 million Seagate shares, a 9.2% stake in the company, based on 287.2 million shares outstanding as of July 30. ValueAct declined to comment on the transaction. Seagate didn’t respond to a request to comment. Despite threats from the advent of the cloud and solid-state drives, so-called HDDs live on. In fact, the devices accounted for 93.5% of Seagate’s revenue in the fiscal fourth quarter ended June 29. HDD sales rose 3% in the quarter from the fiscal third quarter, and surprisingly are up more than 19% from the same period a year earlier. And Seagate is becoming more profitable. Gross margin in the latest quarter fattened to 31.9% compared with 30.2% in the preceding quarter, and 27.7% a year ago. Accordingly, Seagate’s stock, which carries a hefty 4.5% dividend yield, has surged this year. Excluding dividend payments, shares have gained 30% year to date, more than three times the total return of the S&P 500 index. We’ve noted earlier this month that Seagate’s valuation nonetheless remains cheap among tech stocks. Yet the company’s insiders are selling even as ValueAct has been bulking up. Through a trust, Executive Chairman Stephen J. Luzco sold 35,000 Seagate shares on Aug. 21 for $1.9 million, or $55.40 each, according to a regulatory filing. Luzco, who has served as Seagate’s chief executive in two different terms, now owns 723,416 shares through the trust, 631,411 shares through grantor-retained annuity trusts, and the equivalent of 26,172 shares in a personal account. Seagate’s interim chief financial office, Kate Scolnick, exercised options for 10,577 shares on Aug. 16 and sold an equal number that day for a total of $561,850, or $53.12 each. The options were set to expire September 2022 at the earliest and had exercise prices ranging from $36.09 to $50.10, according to a filing. Scolnick was appointed interim CFO in late July when CFO Dave Morton left Seagate to become chief accounting officer at Tesla (TSLA). Follow @BarronsEdLin Write to Ed Lin at edward.lin@barrons.com ValueAct Capital Partners can’t seem to get enough of hard-disk drive maker Seagate Technologies. This article has been sent to But let's stay in touch Copyright ©2019 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. Distribution and use of this material are governed by our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact Dow Jones Reprints at 1-800-843-0008 or visit www.djreprints.com.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16769
__label__cc	0.580613	0.419387	Guy Meldrum Regional Director, Asia-Pacific and Middle East I was very proud to be appointed to the Group’s Management Board in January 2019, and especially to the role of Regional Director, Asia-Pacific and Middle East. Having lived, worked and travelled in the region for most of my life, it’s a part of the world that I know well. With a tremendous entrepreneurial spirit and can-do attitude across the region, we are excited about the role we are playing in Asia-Pacific and Middle East to bring our new categories to markets across the region and in helping the Group accelerate its Transforming Tobacco ambition. It’s also an exciting region to be a part of because of its role as an engine for growth for BAT. Among our top priorities in Asia-Pacific and Middle East are developing the talented people in the region; building on our growth momentum in combustibles; and driving the roll-out and commercial success of our potentially reduced-risk products in the region. As a young graduate in Sydney, Australia in the nineties, two things attracted me to BAT and I believe they still resonate today: the superb training and development and the exciting career opportunities in a truly global organisation. I had many different roles in my first few years and, while it did not compare to the sophisticated graduate programmes we have now, the experience I gained was second to none among my peer group. Today – and many people at BAT say this because it’s genuine, not a cliché – our people and culture set us apart. The sense of camaraderie and collaboration, being part of a winning team and, of course, our diversity. I have developed as a person and a leader as a result of working with people from so many different countries and cultures because I have learned to look at things from different perspectives, to address opportunities and challenges in ways that go beyond our normal ingrained ways of thinking. Nationality: New Zealand 1992: Joins BAT Australia as a graduate trainee in Sales and Marketing 1996: Leaves BAT to spend two years at Kellogg 1998: Returns to BAT, based in the UK and Switzerland in various marketing roles 2002: Begins five-year stint at BAT Australia in senior business unit and sales roles 2007: Becomes Asia-Pacific Regional Head of Trade and General Manager Asia-Pacific Travel Retail 2008: Joins BAT Korea as Marketing Director 2011: Moves to Russia to become Marketing Director for BAT Russia 2012: Appointed President of BAT Korea 2015: Becomes Area Director of BAT’s North Asia Area 2016: Appointed Area Director of BAT’s Australasia Area 2019: Joins the Management Board as Regional Director, Asia-Pacific and Middle East Bachelor of Economics, Macquarie University, Australia Programme for Executive Development, IMD Business School, Switzerland BPSE Programme, IMD Business School, Switzerland I actually met my wife through BAT and we have been married for 20 years and have two teenage children – the eldest, my son, is now studying in central London. I enjoy reading and I love sport, particularly rugby and rowing, and keep myself fit trail walking and attempting pilates.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16770
__label__wiki	0.547805	0.547805	Adam Young Scores Adam Young “Wandering The Solar System” Info and Download Stream powered by Soundcloud Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA in 1977 as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System. Having operated for the past 39 years, the spacecraft still communicates and returns data to us, and as of 2016, it is the farthest manmade object from Earth. When I picture Voyager 1 out there beyond our solar system, I can’t help but imagine the things it has seen on its journey. It’s flown by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and beyond. In 1990, it looked back and took an image known as the “Pale Blue Dot” which shows Earth 6 billion kilometers away, a tiny white speck suspended in the darkness of deep space. It was this breathtaking image that inspired me to create this score because it reminds me that life, as far as we know, is unique to our planet, and very fragile indeed. Buy score on iTunes Stream score on Apple Music Stream score on Spotify "Voyager 1" is an 18" x 24" four color screenprint on Neenah Epic Black paper. Prints are numbered in a limited edition of 250 and hand signed and numbered by Adam Young and artist, James R. Eads. Sign up to be alerted when Adam Young releases a new score. © Ⓟ 2019 Adam Young Scores	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16771
__label__cc	0.572676	0.427324	AMNH Announces Redesign of Its Halls of Gems and Minerals with Unveiling of Monumental Amethyst Geode All Photos By Gail Except Where Indicated If you’ve even been to the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) here in Manhattan, you probably have a favorite wing or exhibit hall, because everybody does. Most people seem to favor the Dinosaurs, and while those halls are certainly worth visiting at least once, I think they are a little played out. And while I do enjoy the Hall of Ocean Life, which is mind-blowing, my very favorite part of the museum are the Halls of Gems and Minerals, and I will recommend and rave about them to anyone who will listen. So, it was a pretty big deal to me when I received news from the AMNH that they will undertake a complete redesign of these very popular exhibit halls, currently known as the Morgan Memorial Hall of Gems and Harry Frank Guggenheim Hall of Minerals, transforming the 11,000-square-foot space into a gleaming showcase for their world-renowned collection! Wow! Not only that, but they also invited me to attend a media briefing event at the museum to witness the “Unveiling of a dazzling 12-foot-tall, 5-ton new acquisition!” Very exciting! The new acquisitiion turned out to be a 9,000 pound Amethyst Geode mined in Uruguay, which will be on temporary view in the Museum’s Grand Gallery through the 2017 holiday season. The geode, which will eventually be a centerpiece in the new halls, is among the largest amethyst geodes in the world. I heard someone from the museum say that the Geode was nicknamed Stan. I am not sure if they were kidding or serious, but it pleases me to think that this gigantic rock crystal, which happens to also be my birthstone, has a nickname, and to wonder how they came up with Stan. Current Hall of Gems and Minerals (Photo Courtesy of the AMNH) The renovation of the Halls of Gems and Minerals, which are being designed by Ralph Appelbaum Associates, is part of a series of physical and programmatic enhancements to historic parts of the institution, leading up to its 150th anniversary and the opening of the Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education, and Innovation, a major new facility that will house resources for education, exhibition, and research, and reveal modern science to visitors of all ages. Here are a few renderings of how the new Halls will look (all renderings images are courtesy of the AMNH). New Hall of Gems Entrance with Crystal Specimen Embedded in the Wall Mineral Formation Zones Rendering. You Can See “Stan” at the Rear of The Hall. Gem Gallery Rendering Museum President Ellen V. Futter offered trhe following statement, “Whether you’re talking about the spectacular 563-carat Star of India sapphire or the unique almandine (deep-violet-hued) Subway Garnet unearthed in New York City in 1885, the American Museum of Natural History is known for having one of the most spectacular and comprehensive collections of gems and minerals in the world.” Manhattan-based philanthropist couple Allison and Roberto Mignone are providing funding for the renovation, and as such the new hall will be named Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals. The new halls will include many fun surprises, including a fluorescence and phosphorescence gallery, featuring a massive panel of fluorescent rock from the Sterling Hill Mining Museum in Ogdensburg, New Jersey, that glows in shades of orange and green under ultraviolet light! Amethyst Geode Details While the Halls of Gems and Minerals previously formed a cul-de-sac, they will soon feature a dramatic link, via a stunning Crystalline Pass on the north side of the halls, to the Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education, and Innovation, the new facility designed by Studio Gang Architects. Construction on the new Mignone Halls of Gems of Minerals has now begun, with the closure of the current halls on October 26th, 2017. The Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals are expected to open in 2019, as part of the Museum’s 150th anniversary celebration. This Image of the Amethyst Geode Courtesy of the AMNH This entry was posted on October 31, 2017, in Uncategorized and tagged Allison and Roberto Mignone, American Museum of Natural History, Amethyst Geode, AMNH, Halls of Gems and Minerals, Mignone Halls of Gems and Minerals, Monumental, Ralph Appelbaum Associates, Redesign, Star of India, Uruguay. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment ← Modern Art Monday Presents: Amedeo Modigliani, Portrait of Manuel Humbert Photos From Night of 1,000 Jack O’Lanterns on Governor’s Island! →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16774
__label__cc	0.711477	0.288523	Eating just one slice of bacon a day linked to higher risk of colorectal cancer, study says Eating even a moderate amount of red or processed meat is linked with an increased risk of colorectal (bowel) cancer, according to a new study published Wednesday. People who ate 76 grams of red and processed meat per day -- that's in line with current guidelines and roughly the same as a quarter-pound beef burge r -- had a 20% higher chance of developing colorectal cancer compared to others, who ate about 21 grams a day, the equivalent to one slice of ham , according to the research. The study also found that processed meat, like sausages or bacon, posed a bigger risk than red meat, with the risk of colorectal cancer rising 20% with every 25 grams of processed meat (roughly equivalent to a thin slice of bacon) people ate per day, and by 19% with every 50 grams of red meat (a thick slice of roast beef or the edible bit of a lamb chop). "A small amount of processed meat seems to have the same effect as a large amount of red meat," said professor Tim Key, who co-authored the study and is deputy director at the University of Oxford's cancer epidemiology unit. According to the UK's National Health Service (NHS), a slice of ham contains 23 grams of processed meat while a grilled 8 oz steak contains 163 grams of red meat. Cancer Research UK, which partly funded the research, said that current NHS guidance states that people who eat more than 90 grams (cooked weight) of red and processed meat a day should reduce this to 70 grams -- the average amount consumed per day in the UK. The study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, tracked the diets of nearly half a million UK adults, between the ages of 40 and 69, and their diets were studied over the course of five years on average. During this time, 2,609 of the participants developed colorectal cancer. Growing evidence This latest research adds to a body of evidence that links red and processed meats to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. "Our results strongly suggest that people who eat red and processed meat four or more times a week have a higher risk of developing bowel cancer than those who eat red and processed meat less than twice a week," Key said. He said that previous research had looked at people in the 1990s, but "diets have changed significantly since then, so our study gives a more up-to-date insight that is relevant to meat consumption today," he said in a news release. Another factor increasing the risk of colorectal cancer is alcohol, the research found. The study also said that fiber from bread and breakfast cereal was linked with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, which starts in the colon or the rectum. In the United States it is the third most common cancer, excluding skin cancers, and around 51,020 deaths are expected to occur due to colorectal cancer in 2019, according to the American Cancer Society. In the UK colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women, according to Cancer Research UK. The World Health Organization concluded in 2015 that there is enough evidence to classify processed meat as "carcinogenic to humans," wrote the study's authors. The WHO has classified red meat as "probably carcinogenic to humans." Dr. Gunter Kuhnle, associate professor in nutrition and health at the University of Reading in the UK, said that this is the "largest study ever undertaken in the UK." Kuhnle, who was not involved in the research, said that the results "confirm previous findings that both, red and processed meat consumption increase the risk of colorectal cancer." Dr. Julie Sharp, head of health information at the charity Cancer Research UK, said that government guidelines on red and processed meat are "general health advice and this study is a reminder that the more you can cut down beyond this, the more you can lower your chances of developing bowel cancer." She suggests reducing red and processed meat by trying meat free Mondays, or recipes that use fresh chicken and fish.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16779
__label__wiki	0.971797	0.971797	Son of slain Louisiana man speaks out for first time Scott Clause <p>People gather for Prayer Vigil organized by Myron Smothers at Memorial Tower on the Louisiana State University campus in Baton Rouge, La., Monday, July 11, 2016. (Scott Clause/The Daily Advertiser via AP)</p> BATON ROUGE, La. (AP) — The 15-year-old son of a black man shot and killed by Louisiana police spoke out for the first time Wednesday, calling his father a good man and asking people not to resort to violence after Alton Sterling's death. "I feel that people in general, not matter what their race is, should come together as one united family," Cameron Sterling told reporters gathered outside the convenience store in Baton Rogue where his father died last week. "I truly feel that my father was a good man, and he will always be a good man," the teenager said. Cameron Sterling, who just last week had broken down in sobs and had to be led away as his mother talked about his father's death, on Wednesday appeared composed as he urged people to "be together, not apart." He thanked supporters and urged protesters to remain peaceful. "Yes, you can protest, but I want everyone to protest the right way," he said. "Protest in peace, not guns, not drugs, not alcohol, not violence." Justin Bamberg, an attorney for Cameron and his mother, Quinyetta McMillon, said "All Cameron is looking for is change, progress and justice." He added later, "We want justice; we want an indictment." The son's comments followed the arrests of three suspects in an alleged plot that authorities are calling a "substantial, credible threat" to police. They said Tuesday that the three, and possibly a fourth person, are accused of stealing at least eight handguns in a plan to harm police officers in the Baton Rouge area. The arrests in Louisiana's capital city come amid heightened tensions following the deadly police shootings of black men in Baton Rouge and Minnesota and the killings of five police officers in Dallas last week. Authorities discovered the alleged plot while responding to a weekend burglary at a pawn shop, Baton Rouge Police Chief Carl Dabadie said at a news conference Tuesday. The chief said the first suspect arrested told police that "the reason the burglary was being done was to harm police officers." He said the suspect didn't give any details about when or where a possible plot would be carried out. State Police Col. Mike Edmonson called it a "substantial credible threat" to police. All of the suspects are from Baton Rouge and all are black. They face charges including burglary, simple burglary, and theft of a firearm; they have not been arrested on any charges related to plotting to kill police. Six of the eight stolen firearms have been recovered and two are still at large, authorities said. "We have been questioned repeatedly over the last several days about our show of force and why we have the tactics that we have. Well, this is the reason, because we had credible threats against the lives of law enforcement in this city," Dabadie said. In a statement, police said surveillance video showed the suspects using a ladder to climb the roof of the building to get in early Saturday. Eight handguns and one airsoft BB gun were missing from the store. Authorities said they arrested one suspect — Antonio Thomas, 17 — at the scene with a handgun and a BB gun. Another suspect, Malik Bridgewater, 20, was apprehended Sunday and a third suspect — a 13-year-old boy — was apprehended on a street. They called on a fourth suspect to turn himself in. Another man was arrested for allegedly purchasing two of the stolen guns, but he hasn't been linked to the alleged plot, a police spokesman said. It wasn't immediately known if those arrested had attorneys. In the first few days after 37-year-old Alton Sterling was shot and killed after being pinned down by two white police officers in Baton Rouge, police took a reserved approach to enforcement, keeping a low profile as hundreds gathered outside the convenience store where Sterling died. But tensions escalated during weekend protests that moved away from the store and into other parts of the city, marked by a show of force by law enforcement that included police wielding batons, carrying long guns and wearing shields. Over a three-day period, police arrested about 200 protesters and came under criticism for the tactics used to deal with the demonstrations. Earlier Tuesday, Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards defended the police response. He said the riot gear and weaponry were appropriate. "We've had a police officer with teeth knocked out of his face because of a rock. If you don't have on riot gear, you have no defense against that sort of thing," the Democratic governor said.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16780
__label__wiki	0.964178	0.964178	Workers questioned as Notre Dame fire investigation ramps up As emergency crews pick through the charred remains of Notre Dame cathedral's ancient wooden beams, which turned the world-famous site into an inferno on Monday night, focus has turned to the investigation into how the blaze started. Thirty employees working at the Paris landmark before the fire broke out were interviewed by Paris prosecutors on Tuesday, the Paris prosecutor's office said. They included construction workers and Notre Dame security staff. Interviews will resume on Wednesday, the prosecutor's office said, adding: "Investigations continue to search for the truth and identify the origins and causes of the fire." On Tuesday, prosecutor Remy Heitz told CNN the cause of the fire was "likely accidental," and that "nothing shows that it's an intentional act." He said police were interviewing witnesses to ascertain what happened. Scrutiny appears to have fallen on the firms undertaking the renovation of the 150-year-old spire, which collapsed Monday as the flames raged around it. The fire was extinguished early Tuesday after nine grueling hours, but not before the cathedral's roof had fallen in. Two policemen and a firefighter -- one of 400 fire personnel deployed to tackle the blaze -- were injured during the operation. French Junior Interior Minister Laurent Nunez said Tuesday that experts had identified "some vulnerabilities" in the fabric of the building following the devastating fire. Relics and artwork rescued Security guards at the 850-year-old cathedral first heard the fire alarm at 6:20 p.m. local time on Monday, and evacuated the cathedral even though they didn't see any sign of fire, a spokesman for the Paris Fire Brigade told CNN. The alarm sounded again some 20 minutes later, at which point the cathedral's security officers noticed the fire, Paris prosecutor Remy Heitz said. Despite the rapid spread and intensity of the fire, authorities announced that some of the cathedral's major relics, artifacts and artwork had been rescued. Some of the most valuable artworks are being held at City Hall, while a number of other pieces are being transferred to the Louvre museum. The Crown of Thorns, believed to be a relic of the passion of Christ, and the Tunic of Saint Louis were among the venerated artifacts saved, Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo said. The copper rooster that sat atop the spire which collapsed in Monday's blaze has been recovered intact, according to the French Ambassador to the United States Gerard Araud. It "contains relics for the protection of Paris," including a spine from the crown of thorns and relics of two Parisian saints, he said on Twitter. French newspaper Le Parisien, citing a source from the Ministry of Culture, said it was as yet unknown if the relics had survived the blaze. Outpouring of support The show of emotion in the French capital and around the world has been heartfelt. Hundreds attended a vigil Tuesday evening to grieve and sing hymns in tribute to the fire-ravaged cathedral, gathering in Paris' Place Saint-Michel square, a stone's throw from the devastated cathedral, after marching from the Church of Saint-Sulpice. Most French political parties have suspended their European election campaigns, including French President Emmanuel Macron's La Republique en Marche party. Meanwhile, donations towards the restoration have been rising steadily; the total raised so far for the reconstruction of the Gothic masterpiece has topped 800 million euros ($904 million), including gifts of tens of millions of euros from some of France's wealthiest families. French billionaire Bernard Arnault, chairman and CEO of luxury good consortium LVMH, pledged $200 million, adding to a purse of $55 million promised by the city of Paris. Cosmetics company L'Oréal, along with The Bettencourt Meyers family and the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation, has donated 200 million euros ($226 million) to help fund the repairs. Difficult, costly rebuild The Vatican's Cultural Minister has said the Vatican will offer technical know-how on rebuilding the cathedral, one of Paris' most recognizable landmarks and a symbol of French identity. "We have the type of know-how that the whole word recognizes as being of high quality," Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi told reporters. "So I think an eventual future offer by the Holy See will be significant." The full restoration of Notre Dame Cathedral will take "ten to fifteen years", according to the head of the Group of Companies for the Restoration of Historic Monuments, Frédéric Létoffé. Speaking at a press conference in Paris on Tuesday, he said that the site would need to be secured before any restoration work can take place. But the reconstruction of the cathedral, whose foundation stone was laid in the 12th century, could be hindered by a lack of suitable materials. According to Bertrand de Feydeau, Vice-President of the French Heritage Foundation, there are no trees in France large enough to replace the ancient beechwood beams that burned in the fire.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16781
__label__wiki	0.926686	0.926686	Why the Indian soldiers of WW1 were forgotten https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33317368 Image copyright IWM Approximately 1.3 million Indian soldiers served in World War One, and over 74,000 of them lost their lives. But history has mostly forgotten these sacrifices, which were rewarded with broken promises of Indian independence from the British government, writes Shashi Tharoor. Exactly 100 years after the "guns of August" boomed across the European continent, the world has been extensively commemorating that seminal event. The Great War, as it was called then, was described at the time as "the war to end all wars". Ironically, the eruption of an even more destructive conflict 20 years after the end of this one meant that it is now known as the First World War. Those who fought and died in the First World War would have had little idea that there would so soon be a Second. But while the war took the flower of Europe's youth to its premature grave, snuffing out the lives of a generation of talented poets, artists, cricketers and others whose genius bled into the trenches, it also involved soldiers from faraway lands that had little to do with Europe's bitter traditional hatreds. The role and sacrifices of Australians, New Zealanders, Canadians and South Africans have been celebrated for some time in books and novels, and even rendered immortal on celluloid in award-winning films like Gallipoli. Of the 1.3 million Indian troops who served in the conflict, however, you hear very little. Shashi Tharoor is a former minister in India's Congress party and a former UN diplomat. He is the author of a number of books on the history, culture, politics, and foreign policy of India. Delhi - Parting Words broadcasts on BBC Radio 3's The Essay: World War One Round the World on Thursday 2 July at 22:45 BST as part of a global year-long partnership between the British Council, BBC World Service and BBC Radio 3 called The War That Changed the World. You can catch up via the BBC iPlayer. As many as 74,187 Indian soldiers died during the war and a comparable number were wounded. Their stories, and their heroism, have long been omitted from popular histories of the war, or relegated to the footnotes. India contributed a number of divisions and brigades to the European, Mediterranean, Mesopotamian, North African and East African theatres of war. In Europe, Indian soldiers were among the first victims who suffered the horrors of the trenches. They were killed in droves before the war was into its second year and bore the brunt of many a German offensive. It was Indian jawans (junior soldiers) who stopped the German advance at Ypres in the autumn of 1914, soon after the war broke out, while the British were still recruiting and training their own forces. Hundreds were killed in a gallant but futile engagement at Neuve Chappelle. More than 1,000 of them died at Gallipoli, thanks to Churchill's folly. Nearly 700,000 Indian sepoys (infantry privates) fought in Mesopotamia against the Ottoman Empire, Germany's ally, many of them Indian Muslims taking up arms against their co-religionists in defence of the British Empire. The most painful experiences were those of soldiers fighting in the trenches of Europe. Letters sent by Indian soldiers in France and Belgium to their family members in their villages back home speak an evocative language of cultural dislocation and tragedy. "The shells are pouring like rain in the monsoon," declared one. "The corpses cover the country, like sheaves of harvested corn," wrote another. Image caption King George V inspecting Indian troops at Le Cateau in 1918 These men were undoubtedly heroes - pitchforked into battle in unfamiliar lands, in harsh and cold climatic conditions they were neither used to nor prepared for, fighting an enemy of whom they had no knowledge, risking their lives every day for little more than pride. Yet they were destined to remain largely unknown once the war was over: neglected by the British, for whom they fought, and ignored by their own country, from which they came. Part of the reason is that they were not fighting for their own country. None of the soldiers was a conscript - soldiering was their profession. They served the very British Empire that was oppressing their own people back home. The British raised men and money from India, as well as large supplies of food, cash and ammunition, collected both by British taxation of Indians and from the nominally autonomous princely states. In return, the British had insincerely promised to deliver progressive self-rule to India at the end of the war. Perhaps, had they kept that pledge, the sacrifices of India's First World War soldiers might have been seen in their homeland as a contribution to India's freedom. But the British broke their word. Mahatma Gandhi, who returned to his homeland for good from South Africa in January 1915, supported the war, as he had supported the British in the Boer War. The great Nobel Prize-winning poet, Rabindranath Tagore, was somewhat more sardonic about nationalism. "We, the famished, ragged ragamuffins of the East are to win freedom for all humanity!" he wrote during the war. "We have no word for 'nation' in our language." India was wracked by high taxation to support the war and the high inflation accompanying it, while the disruption of trade caused by the conflict led to widespread economic losses - all this while the country was also reeling from a raging influenza epidemic that took many lives. But nationalists widely understood from British statements that at the end of the war India would receive the Dominion Status hitherto reserved for the "White Commonwealth". Image caption Troops on the beach on Cape Helles as stores are being unloaded during the Gallipoli Campaign It was not to be. When the war ended in triumph for Britain, India was denied its promised reward. Instead of self-government, the British imposed the repressive Rowlatt Act, which vested the Viceroy's government with extraordinary powers to quell "sedition" against the Empire by silencing and censoring the press, detaining political activists without trial, and arresting without a warrant any individuals suspected of treason against the Empire. Public protests against this draconian legislation were quelled ruthlessly. The worst incident was the Jallianwallah Bagh massacre of April 1919, when Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire without warning on 15,000 unarmed and non-violent men, women and children demonstrating peacefully in an enclosed garden in Amritsar, killing as many as 1,499 and wounding up to 1,137. The fact that Dyer was hailed as a hero by the British, who raised a handsome purse to reward him for his deed, marked the final rupture between British imperialism and its Indian subjects. Sir Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood to the British in protest against "the helplessness of our position as British subjects in India". He did not want a "badge of honour" in "the incongruous context of humiliation". With British perfidy providing such a sour ending to the narrative of a war in which India had given its all and been spurned in return, Indian nationalists felt that the country had nothing to thank its soldiers for. They had merely gone abroad to serve their foreign masters. Losing your life or limb in a foreign war fought at the behest of your colonial rulers was an occupational hazard - it did not qualify to be hailed as a form of national service. Image copyright British Library Image caption English and Indian soldiers of the Lucknow Cavalry Brigade relaxing in a farmyard at HQ, 1915 Or so most Indian nationalists thought, and they allowed the heroism of their compatriots to be forgotten. When the world commemorated the 50th anniversary of the First World War in 1964, there was scarcely a mention of India's soldiers anywhere, least of all in India. India's absence from the commemorations, and its failure to honour the dead, were not a major surprise. Nor was the lack of First World War memorials in the country: the general feeling was that India, then freshly freed from the imperial yoke, was ashamed of its soldiers' participation in a colonial war and saw nothing to celebrate. The British, however, went ahead and commemorated the war by constructing the triumphal arch known as India Gate in New Delhi. India Gate, built in 1931, is a popular monument, visited by hundreds daily who have no idea that it commemorates the Indian soldiers who lost their lives fighting in World War One. Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption India Gate memorial to WW1 soldiers, Delhi In the absence of a national war memorial, many Indians like myself see it as the only venue to pay homage to those who have lost their lives in more recent conflicts. I have stood there many times, on the anniversaries of wars with China and Pakistan, and bowed my head without a thought for the men who died in foreign fields a century ago. As a member of parliament, I twice raised the demand for a national war memorial (after a visit to the hugely impressive Australian one in Canberra) and was told there were no plans to construct one here. It was therefore personally satisfying to me, and to many of my compatriots, when the government of India announced in its budget for 2014-15 its intention finally to create a national war memorial. We are not a terribly militaristic society, but for a nation that has fought many wars and shed the blood of many heroes, and whose resolve may yet be tested in conflicts to come, it seems odd that there is no memorial to commemorate, honour and preserve the memories of those who have fought for India. The centenary is finally forcing a rethink. Remarkable photographs have been unearthed of Indian soldiers in Europe and the Middle East, and these are enjoying a new lease of life online. Looking at them, I find it impossible not to be moved - these young men, visibly so alien to their surroundings, some about to head off for battle, others nursing terrible wounds. My favourite picture is of a bearded and turbaned Indian soldier on horseback in Mesopotamia in 1918, leaning over in his saddle to give his rations to a starving local peasant girl. This spirit of compassion has been repeatedly expressed by Indian peacekeeping units in United Nations operations since, from helping Lebanese civilians in the Indian battalion's field hospital to treating the camels of Somali nomads during the UN operation there. It embodies the ethos the Indian solider brings to soldiering, whether at home or abroad. Image caption Indian cavalryman hands rations to starving Christian girls For many Indians, curiosity has overcome the fading colonial-era resentments of British exploitation. We are beginning to see the soldiers of World War One as human beings, who took the spirit of their country to battlefields abroad. The Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research in Delhi is painstakingly working to retrieve memorabilia of that era and reconstruct the forgotten story of the 1.3 million Indian soldiers who served in the First World War. Some of the letters are unbearably poignant, especially those urging relatives back home not to commit the folly of enlisting in this futile cause. Others hint at delights officialdom frowned upon - some Indian soldiers' appreciative comments about the receptivity of Frenchwomen to their attentions, for instance. Astonishingly, almost no fiction has emerged from or about the perspective of the Indian troops. An exception is Mulk Raj Anand's Across the Black Waters, the tale of a sepoy, Lalu, dispossessed from his land, fighting in a war he cannot understand, only to return to his village to find he has lost everything and everyone who mattered to him. The only other novel I have read about Indians in the war, John Masters' The Ravi Lancers, inevitably is a Briton's account, culminating in an Indian unit deciding to fight on in Europe "because we gave our word to serve". Dear Father... Image copyright Other This letter was written by an Indian soldier, Ram Singh (soldier in the Garhwal Rifles) from the Kitchener Indian Hospital in Brighton, to his father. The original letter (pictured) was censored and is held by Professor KC Yadav, Gurgaon/India. The British Library has put the translations of a number of letters from Indian soldiers online, including this one. Ram Singh acknowledges that letters are being censored. "We're not allowed to write about the war," he writes. He complains how difficult the war was proving to be. He writes that the information printed in the newspapers was lies, implying that the stories of progress made in capturing ground were exaggerated, when in fact they had "only captured 400 yards of trenches". Source: British Library But Indian literature touched the war experience in one tragic tale. When the great British poet Wilfred Owen (author of the greatest anti-war poem in the English language, Dulce et Decorum Est) was to return to the front to give his life in the futile First World War, he recited Tagore's Parting Words to his mother as his last goodbye. When he was so tragically and pointlessly killed, Owen's mother found Tagore's poem copied out in her son's hand in his diary: When I go from hence let this be my parting word, that what I have seen is unsurpassable. I have tasted of the hidden honey of this lotus that expands on the ocean of light, and thus am I blessed ---let this be my parting word. In this playhouse of infinite forms I have had my play and here have I caught sight of him that is formless. My whole body and my limbs have thrilled with his touch who is beyond touch; and if the end comes here, let it come - let this be my parting word. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission maintains war cemeteries in India, mostly commemorating the Second World War rather than the First. The most famous epitaph of them all is inscribed at the Kohima War Cemetery in North-East India. It reads, "When you go home, tell them of us and say/ For your tomorrow, we gave our today". The Indian soldiers who died in the First World War could make no such claim. They gave their "todays" for someone else's "yesterdays". They left behind orphans, but history has orphaned them as well. As Imperialism has bitten the dust, it is recalled increasingly for its repression and racism, and its soldiers, when not reviled, are largely regarded as having served an unworthy cause. But they were men who did their duty, as they saw it. And they were Indians. It is a matter of quiet satisfaction that their overdue rehabilitation has now begun. 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__label__wiki	0.80407	0.80407	Home > Bclnews > Brother Stair arrested Brother Stair arrested Authorities on Monday said the founder of a rural Christian compound near Walterboro was arrested on sexual assault charges after several women came forward with allegations. Preacher Ralph Gordon Stair, 84, was arrested by Colleton County sheriff’s deputies Monday morning, and State Law Enforcement Division agents were serving a search warrant at the Overcomer Ministry, which is located on a rural property tucked off S.C. Highway 61, said Lt. Tyger Benton. Authorities said Stair is charged with three counts of criminal sexual conduct in the first degree, one count of assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct in the first degree, one count of kidnapping, one count of burglary in the first degree, one count of second-degree assault and one count of third-degree criminal sexual conduct with a minor. Following his arrest, Stair waived his right to appear before a magistrate for a bond hearing Monday afternoon. The Post and Courier confirmed that Stair has been the subject of a wide-ranging state and federal criminal investigation — including the involvement of the FBI in the probe — since October. Benton said that the Department of Homeland Security, SLED and the Sheriff’s Office were on scene during an early-morning raid of the premises. For more than three decades, people from across the country have flocked to Stair’s secluded Christian commune near Walterboro to worship and live off the land. Drawn by Stair’s preachings broadcast to radio stations around the world, members of Overcomer Ministry surrender their possessions and often sever contact with people outside the compound as they await the second coming of Christ. Natosha Lehr, a 16-year-old who said Stair sexually assaulted her numerous times over the course of five months this year, rejoiced at the news of his arrest. Lehr said Stair groped and molested her during her frequent visits to the farm, where she worked and attended worship services with her parents. She detailed the alleged sexual assaults in a video posted to YouTube this fall. “Everybody’s happy now,” said Lehr, who now lives with relatives in Pennsylvania. “I hope the whole compound actually shuts down.” Stair in 2002 was arrested on two counts of second-degree criminal sexual conduct. In that case, two young women at Overcomer Ministry reported he raped them on numerous occasions, which he denied. He eventually pleaded guilty to two lesser counts of misdemeanor assault and battery. He was sentenced to time served. Previous DX RE MIX NEWS # 1048 Next Arrest of Brother Ralph Stair confirmed on multiple charges 1. Organizzatore La Società Romena di Radiodiffusione, con sede a Bucarest, str. General Berthelot nr. …	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16783
__label__wiki	0.565641	0.565641	Sean Scully at Blain\|Southern London Blain\|Southern proudly announces a Sean Scully solo exhibition, opening in London on 3 October for Frieze Week. The exhibition coincides with the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden's museum premiere of Scully’s acclaimed Landline series and the Sean Scully: Inside Outside at Yorkshire Sculpture Park from 29 September. This year the artist is the subject of no less than 15 solo exhibitions internationally. Of 10 public exhibitions, a remarkable 7 were recently running concurrently at museums and institutions around the world. This reflects a level of international recognition that is rarely seen for any living artist. Scully’s UK solo presentations alone offer an extensive examination of his oeuvre, taking place at significant locations throughout the country in which this Irish-born, U.S. citizen lived as a child and a young man. They reflect the breadth of Scully’s practice from painting and beyond, as well as exploring the effect that specific locations have had on the development of his work. In turn, Scully’s extensive run of exhibitions worldwide reflects the journey taken by this remarkable artist as he earned his title as one of the world’s most accomplished living painters. Image: Sean Scully, What Makes Us Too, 2017 © Sean Scully, Courtesy the Artist and Blain\|Southern To receive invitations to our exhibitions and a monthly newsletter I’d also like to receive emails about: Product Launches & Offers The information you provide will be used in accordance with Blain\|Southern’s Privacy Policy. You can unsubscribe from Blain\|Southern marketing emails at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in any email, or by sending an email to info@blainsouthern.com.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16784
__label__wiki	0.974788	0.974788	The Real Hot 100 Billboard 200 Pop Latin R&B/Hip-Hop Podcasts Chart Beat Leona Lewis, Jimmy Page Jam At Olympics Finale Jimmy Page, Leona Lewis and Placido Domingo joined Chinese performers including Wei Wei, Andy Lau and Karen Mok Jimmy Page, Leona Lewis and Placido Domingo joined Chinese performers including Wei Wei, Andy Lau and Karen Mok at the 2008 Beijing Olympics' closing ceremony last night (Aug. 24). Held at the National Stadium (a.k.a. the Bird's Nest), the ceremony was held before a capacity crowd of 91,000 and hundreds of Olympic athletes. Following the handover of the Olympic flag to Boris Johnson, mayor of 2012 Summer Olympics host city London, a red double-decker London bus entered the stadium. From the bus emerged singer Leona Lewis and Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page, who performed Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love." The performance culminated with an appearance by international soccer star David Beckham. The ceremony continued with South Korean male vocalist Rain, Hong Kong female vocalist Kelly Chen and Chinese-American singer Wang Lee-Hom who jointly performed "Beijing, Beijing, Wo Ai Beijing (Beijing, Beijing, I Love Beijing)." Domingo then performed "Ai de Huoyan (The Flame of Love)," in Chinese and English, with Chinese soprano Song Zuying. Chinese artists who took part in the final farewell medley included Wei, Mok, Lau, Emil Chau and Joey Yung.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16789
__label__cc	0.530278	0.469722	Teacher: Two Years in the Mississippi Delta Michael Copperman University Press of Mississippi, 2016 Cara Meredith A young teacher's hard lessons. If one class seemed particularly unruly, I, at least, had books I could return to, or various teaching techniques from teaching practicums I could recall. But Copperman had nothing, except for five weeks of summer training and the occasional Saturday session. He was drowning. It wasn't until he began to reflect on his experience almost ten years later that he admitted how the water almost engulfed him—and it is then that we get a small taste of the tragic downfall I selfishly hoped would come. When his student spat in his face, he recalls looking around the room, "and every child whose eyes had been on me turned down to the work there—for the moment, they were as scared of me as I was scared now of myself." He may have desired justice for each of his students, but that didn't stop his inner demons from rebelling against him. And it also didn't keep his students from remaining the "other" to him. In facing his ugliness, he is made more likable, even if it takes him a decade to realize that the greatest of his problems lies within himself. Because it wasn't a matter of a different way of life—of the nonreligious West Coast environment he was raised in versus the Bible Belt—and it wasn't a matter an extinct educational system that required scores of untrained teachers like himself to come in and attempt to save its needy children (much as all that calls out for reform). His most basic problem is himself. The story, although guised as a tale of one teacher's woe, acts as a coming-of-age journey. Copperman may not have been a teenager when he went to Mississippi, but increasingly adolescence extends into the mid- to late twenties. This pivotal experience defines the man he will eventually become. "I never belonged in the Delta when I was there," he writes halfway through the book. "I thought then that that was the fault of the place, hadn't realized that isolation is what you carry with you." Here, he begins to realize that even what seem to be the best of intentions can help us to evade facing ourselves. In the latter half of the book (mostly recounting his second year of teaching), Copperman is in pure survival mode. Instead of believing, as he first did, that he could single-handedly drive the most wayward of students upward, he seems to take a step back. Maybe he's burnt out. Maybe he realizes that teaching elementary school in a foreign culture isn't the right fit for him. Maybe he simply comes to believe that it's time for him to return home. So he enters a period of reflection, and he begins to sojourn spiritually, perhaps for the first time in his life. Of a nativity scene, he writes, "Blond-haired, blue-eyed baby Jesus was in the manger, complete with hay and horses, on the lawns of no less than four colonials on Magnolia—there was no forgetting this God." His experience changed him profoundly, and isn't it the same for us, whatever our Mississippi Delta? There is no forgetting how one place and one people can change and morph and shape us into the men and women we were destined to be. And, if we're lucky, we spot the God we can't forget along the way. Michael Copperman's arrogant tone may have driven me up the wall at times. His Faulknerian paragraphs sometimes made my eyes roll. And the exquisite detail with which he recalls his students makes me wonder whether a libel suit is in his near future. But, as a former teacher who also tried her best to wade through the insurmountable obstacles of poverty, I've got to hand it to him: he survived. And sometimes, when tears of exhaustion bleed into our pillows, we can only believe survival is enough. Cara Meredith is a writer and speaker from the San Francisco Bay Area. She is a member of the Redbud Writers Guild and is co-host of Shalom in the City's monthly book club podcast. She holds an MA in theology (Fuller Seminary), and can be found on her blog, Facebook, and Twitter. Copyright © 2016 by the author or Christianity Today/Books & Culture magazine. Click here for reprint information on Books & Culture.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16792
__label__wiki	0.816203	0.816203	Epidemiology & Infection Salmonella... Iveson, J. B. and Mackay-Scollay, E. M. 1972. An evaluation of strontium chloride, Rappaport and strontium selenite enrichment for the isolation of salmonellas from man, animals, meat products and abattoir effluents. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 70, Issue. 02, p. 367. Vassiliadis, P. Pateraki, E. Papadakis, J. and Trichopoulos, D. 1974. Evaluation of the Growth of Salmonellae in Rappaport's Broth and in Muller-Kauffmann's Tetrathionate Broth. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 37, Issue. 3, p. 411. Trichopoulos, D. Papadakis, J. A. Karalis, D. and Vassiliadis, P. 1975. Incubation at raised temperature of enrichment media, combined with secondary enrichment in Rappaport's medium, for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 74, Issue. 02, p. 205. VASSILIADIS, P. PAPADAKIS, J. A. KARALIS, D. and TRICHOPOULOS, D. 1976. Enrichment in Muller-Kauffmann's Broth and Rappaport's Broth from Buffered Peptone Water in the Isolation of Salmonellae from Minced Meat. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 40, Issue. 3, p. 349. VASSILIADIS, P. TRICHOPOULOS, D. KALANDIDI, A. and XIROUCHAKI, E. 1978. Isolation of Salmonellae from Sewage with a New Procedure of Enrichment. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 44, Issue. 2, p. 233. Harvey, R. W. S. Price, T. H. and Xirouchaki, Evangelia 1979. Comparison of selenite F, Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate and Rappaport's medium for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage-polluted natural water using a pre-enrichment technique. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 83, Issue. 03, p. 451. HARVEY, R. W. S. and PRICE, T. H. 1979. Principles of Salmonella Isolation. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 46, Issue. 1, p. 27. Harvey, R. W. S. and Price, T. H. 1980. Salmonella isolation with Rappaport's medium after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water using a series of inoculum ratios. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 85, Issue. 01, p. 125. Vassiliadis, P. Trichopoulos, D. Kalapothaki, V. and Sérié, Ch. 1981. Isolation of Salmonella with the use of 100 ml of the R10 modification of Rappaport's enrichment medium. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 87, Issue. 01, p. 35. Harvey, R. W. S. and Price, T. H. 1981. Comparison of selenite F, Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate and Rappaport's medium for salmonella isolation from chicken giblets after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 87, Issue. 02, p. 219. Xirouchaki, E. Vassiliadis, P. Trichopoulos, D. and Mavrommati, CH. 1982. A note on the performance of Rappaport's medium, compared with Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth, in the isolation of salmonellas from meat products, after pre-enrichment. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 52, Issue. 1, p. 125. Harvey, R. W. S. and Price, T. H. 1982. A comparison of the R25 modification of Rappaport's enrichment medium with strontium chloride B for salmonella isolation from sewage polluted natural water. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 89, Issue. 01, p. 111. Vassiliadis, P. 1983. The Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) enrichment medium for the isolation of salmonellas: An overview. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 54, Issue. 1, p. 69. Harvey, R. W. S. and Price, T. H. 1983. A comparison of two modifications of Rappaport's enrichment medium (R25 and RV) for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage polluted natural water. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 91, Issue. 03, p. 451. Fricker, C. R. Girdwood, R. W. A. and Munro, D. 1983. A comparison of enrichment media for the isolation of salmonellae from seagull cloacal swabs. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 91, Issue. 01, p. 53. Price, T. H. 1983. Multiple plating from enrichment media as an aid to salmonella isolation. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 90, Issue. 03, p. 435. McGibbon, L. Quail, E. and Fricker, C.R. 1984. Isolation of salmonellae using two forms of Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium and brilliant green agar. International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 1, Issue. 4, p. 171. Vassiliadis, P. Kalapothaki, V. Mavrommati, Ch. and Trichopoulos, D. 1984. A comparison of the original Rappaport medium (R medium) and the Rappaport–Vassiliadis medium (RV medium) in the isolation of salmonellae from meat products. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 93, Issue. 01, p. 51. FRICKER, C.R. and GIRDWOOD, R.W.A. 1985. A note on the isolation of salmonellas from environmental samples using three formulations of Rappaport's broth. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 58, Issue. 3, p. 343. Fricker, C. R. Quail, Elaine McGibbon, Loraine and Girdwood, R. W. A. 1985. An evaluation of commercially available dehydrated Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium for the isolation of salmonellae from poultry. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 95, Issue. 02, p. 337. Salmonella isolations in abattoirs in Greece P. Vassiliadis (a1), D. Trichopoulos (a1), J. Papadakis (a1) and G. Politi (a1) The Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens, Athens-609, and the Salmonella Reference Centre, Athens School of Hygiene Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 May 2009 The prevalence of salmonellas in drain swabs from three abattoirs of Athens was studied with the use of conventional methods of Salmonella isolation as well as with a new procedure which involves secondary enrichment from the usual selenite broth or Muller-Kauffmann's tetrathionate broth in Rappaport's medium slightly modified. In all groups studied the secondary enrichment in Rappaport's medium led to an increase in the number of positive swabs, in the number of Salmonella serotypes, and in the total number of strains isolated. The frequency of Salmonella isolations was higher in samples from abattoirs killing only pigs and lower in samples from abattoirs killing only cattle or only sheep. The predominant serotype in abattoirs dealing with cattle was Salmonella tennessee, and S. typhimurium in abattoirs dealing with sheep. No predominant serotype was found in samples from abattoirs dealing mostly with pigs. S. abony, S. drypool, S. emek, S. Indiana, S. muenchen and S. tennessee were isolated for the first time in Greece. COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 1970 Edel, W. & Kampelmacher, E. H. (1968). Comparative studies on Salmonella isolation in eight European laboratories. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation 39, 487. Georgala, D. L. & Boothroyd, M. (1964). A rapid immunofluorescence technique for detecting salmonellae in raw meat. Journal of Hygiene 62, 319. Harvey, R. W. S. & Thompson, Scott (1953). Optimum temperature of incubation for isolation of salmonellae. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 12, 149. Harvey, R. W. S. & Phillips, W. P. (1961). An environmental survey of bakehouses and abattoirs for Salmonellae. Journal of Hygiene 59, 93. Harvey, R. W. S. & Price, T. H. (1967). The examination of samples infected with multiple salmonella serotypes. Journal of Hygiene 65, 423. Harvey, R. W. S. & Price, T. H. (1968). Elevated temperature incubation of enrichment media for the isolation of salmonellas from heavily contaminated materials. Journal of Hygiene 66, 377. Harvey, R. W. S., Price, T. H., Foster, D. W. & Griffiths, W. C. (1969). Salmonellas in sewage. A study in latent human infection. Journal of Hygiene 67, 517. Hynes, M. (1942). The isolation of intestinal pathogens by selective media. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 54, 193. Jameson, J. E. (1962). A discussion of the dynamics of Salmonella enrichment. Journal of Hygiene 60, 193. Jameson, J. E. (1963). A note on the isolation of salmonellae. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 26, 112. Jones, A. P., Bennet, J. R. & Ellis, H. (1961). Salmonella food poisoning and abattoir-slaughtered meat. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 20, 229. Mackie, T. J. & McCartney, J. E. (1956). Handbook of Practical Bacteriology, 9th ed., pp. 183–4. Edinburgh and London: Livingstone Ltd. Martin, W. J. & Ewing, W. H. (1967). Isolation of Salmonella from food and food products. National Communicable Disease Center Publications. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, pp. 1–23. Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia. Moore, B. (1948). The detection of paratyphoid carriers in towns by means of sewage examination. Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service 7, 241. Papadakis, J. (1965). An investigation for Salmonellae in the abattoirs of Athens. Doctoral thesis, Athens. (In Greek with a summary in English.) Papadakis, J. (1968). Investigation for Salmonellae in the abattoirs of Athens. Acta microbiologica hellenica 2, 77. Patéraki, E., Politi, G. & Vassiliadis, P. (1966). Recherche des Salmonella dans les ganglions mésentériques des pores et des bovins aux abattoirs d' Athénes. Archives de l' Institut Pasteur hellénique 12, 31. Rappaport, F., Konforti, N. & Navon, B. (1956). A new enrichment medium for certain salmonellae. Journal of Clinical Pathology 9, 261. Report of a Working Party of the Public Health Laboratory Service (1964). Salmonellae in abattoirs, butcher shops and home-produced meat, and their relation to human infection. Journal of Hygiene 62, 283. Valette, H. (1961). Recherches de Salmonelles dans les eaux usées et chez les pores cliniquement sains à Genève. Thèse de doctorat méd-vét., Genève. Vassiliadis, P. (1968). Shigella, Salmonella choleraesuis and Arizona in Rappaport's medium. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 31, 367. Vassiliadis, P., Patéraki, E. & Politi, G. (1969). Salmonella dans les ganglions mésentériques des caprins et des ovins sains abattus en Grèce. Annales d' Hygiène de Langue Française 5, 91. URL: /core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16798
__label__cc	0.69268	0.30732	Nikon COOLPIX S33 review - Verdict Written by Ken McMahon The COOLPIX S33 is a budget waterproof camera aimed at ‘all the family’. It’s a fraction of the cost of many other models, making it a good choice if you want something the kids can use without having to worry too much about what might happen to it. In any case, you don’t have to worry about it being dropped in the pool or knocked off a table as it’s waterproof to 10 metres and shockproof to 1.5 metres. Rather than try to compete with more expensive and sophisticated models, Nikon has gone all out to make the COOLPIX S33 as easy to use as possible. A lot of thought has gone into the design with big kid-friendly buttons and a simple menu system with options described in plain jargon-free language. The graphics are designed to appeal to younger photographers and there are fun features like picture frame overlays and playful shutter release and button sounds. The S33 lacks Wifi and GPS, has a limited 3x zoom and a smallish low resolution screen. It also doesn’t add hugely to the COOLPIX S32 that it replaces; the main additions being new focus modes, a mode for automatic face detection and shooting underwater, closer focussing, a miniature movie mode and faster recharging. If you spend nearly three times as much on the Canon PowerShot D30 or the Nikon COOLPIX AW130 you obviously get a more powerful camera with a wider range of shooting modes and features. The D30 has a slightly wider 4x zoom that starts a little wider at 28mm and zooms in a little longer – 140mm compared with 90mm on the S33. And as well as the longer range you can use the D30’s zoom during movie recording – something you can’t do on the COOLPIX S33. The D30 also has a bigger 3 inch screen with a higher 461k dot resolution, but considering the price difference, the S33’s 2.7 inch 230k dot screen doesn’t feel like a big compromise. There are lots of other physical differences; the D30 has a built-in GPS receiver so you can tag photos that can later be displayed on a map, but neither model has Wifi. And the D30 can go deeper and is tougher, 25 metres and 2 metres are the Water-proof and shock-proof numbers, but for most people the 10 meter depth of the S33 will be more than adequate. The Canon D30 is a more capable movie camera – it has a similar 1080/24p best quality HD mode to the 1080/30p on the S33, but it has optical image stabilisation to make your hand-held shots less shaky. It also has two lower resolution slow motion modes as well as movie digest mode which shoots a short clip prior to each photo you take and assembles them into a longer movie. Both cameras can shoot a miniature mode movie, but the D30 is more versatile, you can adjust the in-focus area and there’s a choice of three playback speeds. Nikon’s AW130 also offers a lot more for your money. There’s a 5x 24-120mm stabilised zoom with a much brighter f2.8-4.9 aperture, a bigger 3 inch OLED screen with 921k dot resolution, Wifi and GPS with a manometer to tell you how high or deep you are. The AW130 offers better continuous shooting as well as a wider range of video modes and it too can go deeper and survive bigger drops than the S33 – it’s water-proof to a depth of 30 metres and shock-proof to 2.1 metres. I could go on to talk about the AW130’s neat Action Control feature which, like Tap Control on the Olympus TOUGH models, let’s you make menu selections and choose shooting modes just by tapping the camera, or how it can display your photos on a map on the camera screen. But the fact that the COOLPIX AW130 and Canon D30 are more capable cameras with more features isn’t really in question. If you want a more expensive camera that does more, you won’t be disappointed with either of them and you can find out more by reading my Canon PowerShot D30 review and Nikon COOLPIX AW130 review. The COOLPIX S33 offers something entirely different: it’s a waterproof compact that easily gets good results and won’t break the bank, or indeed break your heart if your kids knock it off a table or dunk it in the pool. And it can bark like a dog when you take pictures. Back to: In depth Cameras, Nikon cameras Canon EF 50mm f1.8 STM review Sony A7 III review	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16799
__label__cc	0.546022	0.453978	You are currently logged into Cancer Health Directory - My Account or Log Out Blue Faery, Liver Cancer and the Promise of New Drugs Cancer Health TV Cancer Basics More Types of Cancer Car-T Therapy Cancer Health Focus Bulk Subscriptions Browse Bloggers Cancer Health Stories Cancer Health Forums Ask Cancer Health © 2019 Smart + Strong. All Rights Reserved. Terms of use and Your privacy. Smart + Strong® is a registered trademark of CDM Publishing, LLC. © 2019 Smart + Strong. Terms of use and Your privacy. Smart + Strong® is a registered trademark of CDM Publishing, LLC. Previous Prev On the Road Again: Searching for the Next Cancer Breakthrough at ASCO 2019 blogger profile Bob Barnett Next Flat Rises Courtesy of Andrea Wilson Even positive breaking news looks different to people who know the reality of a hard-to-treat cancer. June 26, 2019 • By Bob Barnett Andrea Wilson knows what a bear advanced liver cancer really is. It took her sister Adrienne at age 15. The year was 2001. In her sister’s honor, Wilson created Blue Faery: The Adrienne Wilson Liver Cancer Association, a nonprofit patient advocacy organization dedicated to advancing the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and cure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer. Back then, treatment options were extremely limited. That has changed. In 2007, the first targeted therapy for HCC—Nexavar (sorafenib)—was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It took a decade for the next targeted drug, Stivarga (regorafenib), and the first immunotherapy, Opdivo (nivolumab), to be approved. In the last year alone, the FDA has approved three more new drugs: Lenvima (lenvatinib), Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Cabometyx (cabozantinib). But when I met Wilson at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2019 annual meeting earlier this month, she made it clear that most people with advanced HCC still travel a rocky road. New treatments help some people and not others. The side effects can be intolerable. The treatments rarely cure. So her organization helps such patients get the best care—and make the hard decisions. Andrea WilsonCourtesy of Andrea Wilson Understanding Breaking News Wilson takes even positive breaking news with a grain of salt. For example, one of the studies Cancer Health reported on from ASCO 2019 showed modest improvements for people with advanced HCC who took Keytruda (pembrolizumab) rather than the standard of care. These are people who can’t take Nexavar, either because it’s not working for them or because they can’t tolerate the side effects. But even these modest benefits might not translate as robustly in the real world, suggested Wilson. Why not? “Most of the people enrolled in this study had well-preserved liver function. That’s not typical of HCC. Most people who have liver cancer have compromised liver function.” Liver cirrhosis—which can be caused by an infection such as hepatitis B or C as well as by lifestyle factors such as obesity or heavy alcohol use—is a risk factor for liver cancer. So by the time many people with HCC are diagnosed, they already have poor liver function. The exclusion criteria for this study isn’t necessarily a criticism of its design. All studies have eligibility criteria. Including people in studies who have certain other medical conditions can make it harder to determine whether a particular treatment is effective. But excluding them means that even positive results from an academic study may not translate into real-world benefits with the same power. To make studies more relevant to a wide population, cancer scientists are working to expand eligibility criteria for research in ways that still allow for scientific accuracy. Wilson has personally lobbied the FDA to expand the eligibility requirements for HCC studies. On the positive side, she noted that six out of the 104 people in the study did extraordinarily well. “They achieved complete remission,” she said. “That’s amazing. I definitely want to follow them to see what we can learn from them.” When Wilson considered the broader picture, though, she likened the rapidly changing therapeutic landscape to a marathon race. “When my sister was diagnosed, and really any time before 2007, we weren’t even in the race,” she said. “With sorafenib, we got to the starting line. Finally, there was something that might help patients live two months longer, and some lived much longer than that—if they could tolerate it. “Now there are so many new drugs and combinations, maybe we’re at mile 2 of the 26.2 mile race. We’re in the race; people are cheering us on. It’s a definite improvement, but still…” Adrienne WilsonCourtesy of Andrea Wilson Real-World Counseling Meanwhile, Blue Faery counsels people with HCC. The website includes information for people who are newly diagnosed as well as extensive information about new studies and ongoing clinical trials. Wilson and her staff help guide people with HCC through getting second opinions, finding appropriate clinical trials, getting access to their medical records and getting care at National Cancer Institute–accredited institutions. She said, “We always take calls. I might talk to a patient and then check in with our medical advisory board and let them know, ’I have a patient. Here’s his medical history. He’s willing to travel this far. Where can we get him an appointment?’” She also helps people with HCC get assistance with insurance issues. “I let them know that there are patient assistance programs—often these aren’t advertised at all.” But Wilson and her team also counsel people with HCC about the difficult decisions that arise with regard to the disease, such as whether—and if so, when—it’s time to stop treatment. “People hear about these new drugs, and they think they’re curative,” she explained. “No one has told them that they’re not. When you think something is going to cure you, you’ll go to the ends of the earth. But I don’t know a single oncologist who will tell a patient that not taking treatment is an option.” What’s Most Important to You? When she coaches patients, Wilson asks them to consider what is most important to them. She provided one example—an ex-athlete who used to swim every day. When she talked to him, he’d been taking Nexavar every day for a year without a break. “His lifestyle was compromised,” she explained. “He felt like he’d lost part of who he is. He can’t swim anymore. He wants to live, but he understands that the drug is not a cure.” Her question to him: “What is most important to you: how you live or how long you live?” She told him other drugs were available to him and that their side effects would likely be less severe. “‘But before you look at other drugs,’ I told him, ‘realize that there is a trade-off,’” she recalled. She told him that if he stopped treatment, he might not be able to get his old life back—for a while. “I told him, ‘You have to decide.’” It’s a conversation “no one wants to have,” she admitted. For people with HCC—whether they are newly diagnosed and seeking the best possible treatment options, nearing the end of life and looking for the gentlest ways to manage their choices or somewhere in between—the staff and volunteers at Blue Faery: The Adrienne Wilson Liver Cancer Association are always ready to listen and provide support. Click here to go to Blue Faery: The Adrienne Wilson Liver Cancer Association Click here to learn more about HCC #ASCO 2019 #clinical trial #hepatitis B #hepatitis C #hepatocellular carcinoma #immunotherapy #liver cancer #targeted therapy 3-Drug Therapy Ups Survival in High-Risk Colon Cancer T Cell Therapy Shows Promise for Melanoma and Cervical Cancer Margetuximab May Offer New Option for Metastatic Breast Cancer You have been inactive for 60 minutes and will be logged out in . Any updates not saved will be lost. Click here to log back in.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16800
__label__wiki	0.656802	0.656802	Campus Rec Magazine: Boston College’s Connell Rec Center to be a Beacon Publication: Campus Rec Magazine “Boston College’s Connell Recreation Center will be a Beacon” according to a new story from Campus Rec Magazine. Reaching four stories with windows galore, the Connell Center will be an inspiring addition to the campus when it opens in summer of 2019. Per Caitriona Taylor, the director of campus recreation at Boston College, “Our vision is strengthening the Boston College community by advancing its health and well-being, and I think when people see this building they’re going to feel invited to take part in something that’s going to help them achieve this.” The 244,000 sf Connell Center broke ground in March 2017 after a three-year planning process. It will consist of individual and group training areas, an aquatics center, a gymnasium, an indoor jogging track, a mind-body studio, multipurpose rooms, and fitness neighborhoods throughout. Our Colleen McKenna contributed to the piece, saying “The new center sits on a prominent site considered a signature piece of the lower campus. Plus, it aligns with the campus’ long-term goals for student life, as well as the campus rec department’s objectives for the project.” Read the full Campus Rec story online >	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16801
__label__wiki	0.989966	0.989966	Duncan James Joins London Cast of CHICAGO by Best of Theatre Staff on Thursday 23 August 2018, 10:27 am in Cast Changes and Announcements From Monday 10 September 2018, Duncan James will join the West End cast of CHICAGO at the Phoenix Theatre, playing the role of Billy Flynn, a role he originally played in 2008. He will join Alexandra Burke as Roxie Hart, Josefina Gabrielle as Velma Kelly, Mazz Murray as Mama Morton and Paul Rider as Amos Hart. CHICAGO is booking at the Phoenix Theatre in London’s West End until Saturday 5 January 2019. Duncan James was most recently seen playing the role of Ryan in the popular Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks. For his role as Ryan, Duncan was nominated for Most Popular Newcomer for the 2016 NTA's and is currently nominated for Best Newcomer for the 2017 Soap Awards. Duncan rose to fame as one quarter of the band Blue, which, to date, has had 40 Number One singles worldwide, three Number One UK albums and sales of over 16 million records. Duncan’s television roles include being a presenter on Soapstar Superstar, Capital FM's Party In The Park, City Hospital, T4, The Clothes Show and GMTV’s Entertainment Today. He was a finalist in ITV's Dancing On Ice in 2007, and participated in the subsequent sell-out arena tour. He made his television acting debut in Plus One for Channel 4, and further TV appearances included Grease: The School Musical for Sky 1, Eurovision: Your Country Needs You (as a judge) for BBC1, Eight Out Of Ten Cats for Channel 4, presenting The National Lottery for BBC1 on many occasions, presenting the game show Scream If You Know The Answer on Watch, and being a judge on Channel 5's Don't Stop Believing. His other theatre appearances include Warner Huntington III in the West End production of Legally Blonde at the Savoy Theatre. The multi award-winning Kander & Ebb musical CHICAGO, winner of six Tony Awards, two Olivier Awards and a Grammy, returned to London’s West End on Monday 26 March 2018, with a press night on Wednesday 11 April at the Phoenix Theatre in London. CHICAGO originally ran in London for 15 years, making it the West End’s longest running revival. It first opened at the Adelphi Theatre on 18 November 1997 to rave reviews and immediately became a sell-out hit. CHICAGO won the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for 'Outstanding Musical Production' as well as the 1998 Critics Circle Drama Award for 'Best Musical'. CHICAGO transferred from the Adelphi Theatre to the Cambridge Theatre in April 2006, where it ran for five years until 27 August 2011. The show then opened at the Garrick Theatre on 7 November 2011, where it ran until 1 September 2012. Since it opened in New York in 1996, CHICAGO has played in 36 countries worldwide, and been performed in English, Dutch, German, Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Italian, French, Danish, Japanese and Korean. It has grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide and has played over 32,500 performances worldwide, with an estimated 31 million people around the world having seen CHICAGO. CHICAGO continues to play on Broadway, where it celebrated its 21st birthday last year, and around the world in multiple languages. It is the world’s longest running American musical. CHICAGO, which is based on the play by Maurine Dallas Watkins, has a book by Fred Ebb and Bob Fosse, music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb. The 1996 Broadway revival of CHICAGO was choreographed by Ann Reinking in the style of Bob Fosse, directed by Walter Bobbie, and produced by Barry and Fran Weissler. Chicago tickets	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16802
__label__cc	0.560287	0.439713	Job's Character and Wealth 1There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job, and that man was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil. 2There were born to him seven sons and three daughters. 3He possessed 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, and 500 female donkeys, and very many servants, so that this man was the greatest of all the people of the east. 4His sons used to go and hold a feast in the house of each one on his day, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and drink with them. 5And when the days of the feast had run their course, Job would send and consecrate them, and he would rise early in the morning and offer burnt offerings according to the number of them all. For Job said, "It may be that my children have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts." Thus Job did continually. Satan Allowed to Test Job 6Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came among them. 7The Lord said to Satan, "From where have you come?" Satan answered the Lord and said, "From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking up and down on it." 8And the Lord said to Satan, "Have you considered my servant Job, that there is none like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, who fears God and turns away from evil?" 9Then Satan answered the Lord and said, "Does Job fear God for no reason? 10Have you not put a hedge around him and his house and all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land. 11But stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and he will curse you to your face." 12And the Lord said to Satan, "Behold, all that he has is in your hand. Only against him do not stretch out your hand." So Satan went out from the presence of the Lord. Satan Takes Job's Property and Children 13Now there was a day when his sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house, 14and there came a messenger to Job and said, "The oxen were plowing and the donkeys feeding beside them, 15and the Sabeans fell upon them and took them and struck down the servants with the edge of the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you." 16While he was yet speaking, there came another and said, "The fire of God fell from heaven and burned up the sheep and the servants and consumed them, and I alone have escaped to tell you." 17While he was yet speaking, there came another and said, "The Chaldeans formed three groups and made a raid on the camels and took them and struck down the servants with the edge of the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you." 18While he was yet speaking, there came another and said, "Your sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house, 19and behold, a great wind came across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young people, and they are dead, and I alone have escaped to tell you." 20Then Job arose and tore his robe and shaved his head and fell on the ground and worshiped. 21And he said, "Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked shall I return. The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord." 22In all this Job did not sin or charge God with wrong. Explore Job 1 by Verse Job 1:10	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16805
__label__cc	0.631075	0.368925	Genesis 7:22 New American Standard Bible (NASB) of all that was on the dry land, all in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, died. Genesis 7:17-23 The Message (MSG) The flood continued forty days and the waters rose and lifted the ship high over the Earth. The waters kept rising, the flood deepened on the Earth, the ship floated on the surface. The flood got worse until all the highest mountains were covered—the high-water mark reached twenty feet above the crest of the mountains. Everything died. Anything that moved—dead. Birds, farm animals, wild animals, the entire teeming exuberance of life—dead. And all people—dead. Every living, breathing creature that lived on dry land died; he wiped out the whole works—people and animals, crawling creatures and flying birds, every last one of them, gone. Only Noah and his company on the ship lived. Genesis 7:22 New Living Translation (NLT) Everything that breathed and lived on dry land died. Genesis 7:22 King James Version (KJV) All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died. Genesis 7:22 New Century Version (NCV) So everything on dry land that had the breath of life in it died. Genesis 7:22 American Standard Version (ASV) all in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, of all that was on the dry land, died. Genesis 7:22 New International Version (NIV) Everything on dry land that had the breath of life in its nostrils died. GENESIS 7:22 The Amplified Bible (AMP) Everything on the dry land, all in whose nostrils was the breath and spirit of life, died. Genesis 7:22 English Standard Version (ESV) Everything on the dry land in whose nostrils was the breath of life died.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16806
__label__cc	0.687891	0.312109	13 Year Old at Bar Mitzvah Gets Everything Right About Same-Sex Marriage "Traditional marriage" is a phrase that gets tossed around a lot in the same-sex marriage debate, usually accompanied by phrases like "Biblical definition of marriage" and "one man and one woman." Or my (least) favorite "Adam and Eve; not Adam and Steve." But as one Oregon boy chose to point out at his Bar Mitzvah, our idea of "traditional marriage" is really anything but. During a Bar Mitzvah or Bat Mitzvah ceremony, the boy or girl reads from a Torah passage and then makes a brief speech, referred to as a d'var, discussing the passage from which they read. At his Bar Mitzvah at the reform Judaism temple Congregation Beth Israel in Portland, 13-year-old Duncan read from a Torah passage describing how Jewish patriarch Jacob works to marry the woman he loves, Rachel, but is first tricked into marrying her sister Leah before he can marry Rachel. As Duncan points out, this was a perfectly acceptable arrangement, for a man to marry two women, both of whom were his cousins and neither of whom had any say in the proceedings. "Today in the United States," Duncan points out, "marriage is very different." From this, he goes on to point out that though people in the United States who oppose marriage equality typically root their ideas and arguments for "traditional marriage" in the Bible, the Bible doesn't necessarily support the version of marriage they are envisioning. Congregation Beth Israel on YouTube In addition to Duncan's many sound points, it's also worth pointing out here, that marriage changes and evolves within the Bible itself. Some figures have multiple wives, others don't. Some, especially kings, had concubines, or what essentially amounted to "lesser wives." And many of these polygamous figures such as King David, are held up as God's favorites. In the New Testament on the other hand, monogamy seems to be the norm most of the time, and there's a reasonable case to be made that Jesus supported it — though again, Jesus was more worried about poor people than anyone's sex life. Over all, though, trying to piece together what a "traditional marriage" might be from the Bible is impossible since the Bible describes a society which is evolving over the course of centuries, and showcases a predictably diverse range of marriage options. So even though none of those marriages were same-sex marriages, I think we can all agree with Duncan here that "traditional marriage" doesn't actually mean much. And so there is no reason to not make change.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16807
__label__cc	0.71177	0.28823	Alternative Ideas For How To Spend The Holidays By JR Thorpe KAZUHIRO NOGI/AFP/Getty Images Some of us don't have the family, the tradition, the time, or the impetus to do the traditional holiday "things" this year: the Christmas Eve and Christmas Day celebrations and dinners with family members, the presents, the slow groaning and digestion-naps and arguments over Boggle. Whether you can't afford to get home for Christmas, just can't be bothered, or come from a background that doesn't really "do" the holidays at the moment, it can still be an odd time of year to find alternative things to do over the holidays when everybody else is concerned with their own familial celebrations. The notion of an "orphan's Christmas" is usually the first go-to for people who can't be near their families and loved ones for Christmas: gathering up other similar strays and doing the whole shebang together. It's a great idea; but there are other ways to spend the holidays beyond going home or wishing you'd gone home. Many worthy programs and organizations need extra help over the festive period, and there's nothing stopping you from making up your own holiday out of cultural adventures, gift-making for others, volunteering, and other things that differ distinctly from the traditional model. And that's assuming that you don't just want to go lie on a beach somewhere and ignore the entire concept of festive cheer entirely. It's your holiday: what do you want to make out of it? Take Advantage Of Museum Programs Cruising around without much to do in your city while everyone's out of town? Get yourself involved in the holiday programs of your local museums, because they're likely to be pretty rad. The Metropolitan Museum in New York, for instance, has a sugar Christmas sculpture, their annual ridiculous Christmas tree display, and free pop-up performances of Byzantine carols, while the Natural History Museum is running a full plate of IMAX films throughout the holidays, and the Museum Of Science And Industry in Chicago is running a Christmas Around The World exhibition fabled around the country. Some museums have extended holiday hours; if you're not that intrigued most of the year because of crowds, now may be the time to do it. Craft For Those In Need Want to sit at home instead of out on the streets with the rest of humanity? You can do good while you're snuggling. The Preemie Project donates knitted hats and booties to NICUs around the country in which prematurely born babies are being kept for observation and medical help, which can be a particularly traumatic time for parents over the holidays. There may also be local chapters affiliated to hospitals in your area with their own patterns and requirements; and if you're not a knitter you can still contribute, by making Christmas decorations, cards, and other things to brighten up the wards of vulnerable children over the holidays. Work In A Soup Kitchen On The Days Around Christmas Most shelters and soup kitchens are actually inundated with requests to help out on the day and on Christmas Eve, which is wonderful, but does mean that they tend to be swamped for a brief period and without help for the remainder of the winter months, and the year in general. Devoting some time in the lead-up and aftermath of Christmas to a soup kitchen or homeless shelter is a good way to spread the help around and give them much-needed assistance away from peak times of giving. This tends to apply to other charitable concerns, too, from dog shelters to donation drives: ask what they might need and when their staffers might enjoy some extra time off, and see what you can do. Visit A Nursing Home Lost all your elderly relatives? Well, luckily enough there are an abundance to go around. Get yourself some more honorary Omas and Opas for the festive season by becoming a visiting volunteer at a senior citizen's home. The Create The Good site has an excellent guide to how to get involved with seniors in your area, from assisting with meal delivery to sitting with them and asking about their memories. The Friend to Friend America organization is also a good place to start, matching up young people with the elderly and seeing what happens. The holidays are particularly lonely for a lot of people whose younger family don't necessarily see them all that often; it's a good chance to do some good and learn some wicked chess skills. Do Some Urban Farming If you're feeling stifled by all the Christmas cheer and want to be roaming around in the wilderness somewhere, go do that; but if you can't, getting yourself involved with an urban farm over the holidays can be a good way to use your excess energy and your green thumb. Find a local urban farm that wants somebody to do some heavy lifting (be clear on what you can and cannot do), and get prepared to get down and dirty in the cold; they don't often get a lot of attention in the winter months beyond the pumpkin patch, so it's a good chance to pitch in (or rake in, as the case may be). Different farms have different requirements for volunteering, from making food available for kitchens to teaching school kids. Spend Time With Other Faiths CHRISTOF STACHE/AFP/Getty Images The massive bulk of Christmas throughout the country is centered, intentionally or not, on Christian tradition (as you can tell from the "war on Christmas" nonsense that comes out every year via FOX News). If that's not entirely your bag, or you just want to experience something different, why not get involved with the space of other faiths over the holiday period? The Museum on Eldridge St in Chinatown, NYC offers frequent synagogue tours on Christmas Day, for instance. Have A Movie Marathon Not feeling like going out and building a snowman? Christmas movie marathons can still be a way to get into the spirit without needing to fork out for a cable license or stick around with your bum on the couch. There are Christmas pop-up screenings all over London, New York has a free open-air screening of Nightmare Before Christmas, and the Music Box Theater in Chicago runs a famous set of old school Christmas movies throughout the holidays, from It's A Wonderful Life to Die Hard. Yippie ki-yay.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16808
__label__wiki	0.959348	0.959348	{ "351284": { "url": "/biography/Harry-Lumley", "shareUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-Lumley", "title": "Harry Lumley" ,"gaExtraDimensions": {"3":"false"} } } Harry Lumley American hockey player Harry Lumley, American hockey goalie whose 16 seasons in the National Hockey League included an important role in the 1950 Stanley Cup victory of the Detroit Red Wings as well as selection to the All-Star team three times; he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1980 (b. Nov. 11, 1926, Owen Sound, Ont.--d. Sept. 13, 1998, London, Ont.). Frankie Brimsek Frankie Brimsek, American ice hockey goaltender for the Boston Bruins who gained renown during the first weeks of his 10-year career for a series of shutouts, which earned him the nickname "Mr. Zero"; he was an All-Star eight times and in 1966 was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame (b. Sept. 26,… Dominik Hašek Dominik Hašek, Czech ice hockey goaltender known for his unorthodox goaltending style. Hašek was the only goaltender in National Hockey League (NHL) history to win consecutive Hart Trophy awards as most valuable player (1997–98). Hašek started playing ice hockey in Pardubice at age six. Remarkably… Vladislav Tretiak, Soviet ice hockey player who was considered one of the greatest goaltenders in the history of the sport. As a member of the Central Red Army team and Soviet national squad, he won 10 world championships (1970–71, 1973–75, 1978–79, and 1981–83) and 3 Olympic gold medals (1972,… Owen Sound, Canada September 13, 1998 (aged 71) Hockey Hall of Fame (1980)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16810
__label__wiki	0.664424	0.664424	BSC News / First official release of COMPSs programming environment The Grid Computer and Clusters team of Barcelona Supercomputing Center offers to the HPC & scientific community a set of tools that helps developers to program and execute their applications efficiently on distributed computational infrastructures (Barcelona 01/10/2013) - The Grid Computing and Clusters Team at Barcelona Supercomputing Center is proud to announce a new release, the first official, of the programming environment COMPSs. This version of COMPSs is the result of the work of the team in the last years on the provision of a set of tools that helps developers to program and execute their applications efficiently on distributed computational infrastructures such as clusters, grids and clouds. COMPSs has been available for the last years to the MareNostrum users and to the Spanish Supercomputing Network and has been adopted in several research projects such as OPTIMIS, VENUS-C, transPLANT, EUBrazilOpenBio and EGI. In these projects COMPSs has been applied to implement use cases provided by different communities across diverse disciplines as biomedicine, engineering, biodiversity, chemistry, astrophysics and earth sciences. COMPSs has had more than 500 downloads last year and is used by around 20 groups in real applications. COMPSs has recently attracted interest from areas such as genomics and biodiversity, where specific courses and dissemination actions have been performed. During last years, the team efforts have been focusing on the nowadays-emerging virtualization technologies, adopted by cloud environments. In such systems, COMPSs provides scalability and elasticity features by dynamically adapting the number of resources to the actual workload. The current release is interoperable with both public and private cloud providers like Amazon EC2, OpenNebula, BSC EMOTIVE Cloud and with OCCI compliant offerings. The packages and the complete list of features are available in the Downloads page. A virtual appliance is also available to test the functionalities of COMPSs through a step-by-step tutorial that guides the user to develop and execute a set of example applications. Additionally, a user guide and papers published in relevant conferences and journals are available. For more information on COMPSs please visit our webpage: http://compss.bsc.es More Info about Barcelona Supercomputing Center Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) is the national supercomputing centre in Spain. BSC specialises in high performance computing (HPC) and its mission is two-fold: to provide infrastructure and supercomputing services to European scientists, and to generate knowledge and technology to transfer to business and society. BSC is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence and a first level hosting member of the European research infrastructure PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe). BSC also manages the Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES). The Grid Computing and Clusters Team at Barcelona Supercomputing Center aims to offer tools and mechanisms that enable the sharing, selection, and aggregation of a wide variety of geographically distributed computational resources in a transparent way. The research done in this team is based in the former expertise of the group, and extending it towards the aspects of distributed computing that can benefit from this expertise. The team at BSC has a strong focus on programming models and resource management and scheduling in distributed computing environments.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16811
__label__wiki	0.904293	0.904293	Samantha Troy Samantha Troy steps up for Green Party in the ridings Since announcing her candidacy for the Green Party in the upcoming federal election, Rossland’s Samantha Troy has been run off her feet. Oct. 8, 2015 7:00 a.m. Mark Brett Since announcing her candidacy for the Green Party in the upcoming federal election, Rossland’s Samantha Troy has literally been run off her feet. That’s not because it’s her first shot at public office, but just the sheer size of the South Okanagan-West Kootenay riding which she has been criss-crossing for nearly two weeks. “It really is a lot of area to cover, but it’s really been great to be able to get out and talk with people about what the local issues are,” said Troy, 46. Troy decided to run when she learned there was no Green Party candidate for the riding. She liked the Green platform and so decided to fly the party colours in the election. “With the world as it is, we need to start making some really concrete … choices,” she said. “ I sure like the way Elizabeth May (Green Party leader) has presented herself over her time in parliament, and not too much research to go look up the Green Party platform and go, ‘Wow, that really makes sense, and it’s actually pretty doable.’ And for all those reasons we should have a candidate in this riding, and I can be that candidate.” Among the main issues she sees for this region is the controversial establishment of a national park. “I do stand in support of a national park, it definitely falls in line with our Green Party mandate to support biodiversity and there’s no doubt that area is an important ecological area we need to preserve,” said Troy, acknowledging there is valid opposition as well. “I have confidence that by getting all the parties back to the table, that being the federal, provincial and particularly the local First Nations and municipal bodies would go a long ways to hacking out an agreement. “It seems to me if we could get park status that would mean a lot of federal money could be available for that area and that money could be used to, not just be protecting species with park status, but to also to insure that ranch owners, for example, would be compensated and other user groups and rights could be compensated and respected.” Troy has lived in Rossland since 1996 and has one more visit to the valley scheduled for Oct. 13 when she plans to be at Penticton Secondary School. A self-professed “outdoor person” when not trying to keep up with her son Zachary on the mountain bike, she is busy in the community on skiing and boarding trips to Red Mountain where she works. As a teen, Troy also volunteered with a local theatre company in Kamloops and she said a recent stop in Oliver at the Frank Venables Theatre brought all those memories back. “I learned so much stuff there (Kamloops), and it was a pretty big responsibility,” she said. “It really instilled a good sense of teamwork and being in that theatre (Venables) gave me a lot of flashbacks.” For Troy, the most important issue this election is changing the election system. “I think I feel most strongly about working hard with all the parties to get proportional representational voting,” she said. Moving away from a fossil-fuel-based economy is also important to her. “I’d really like to see us branching out into more sustainable options, embracing new technology,” said Troy. Selkirk students hear from candidates New riding causes some new challenges for Neufeld	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16812
__label__wiki	0.8424	0.8424	Lev Tahor, ultra-Orthodox Jewish sect, quietly moves to Guatemala Most of the families belonging to the ultra-Orthodox Jewish sect Lev Tahor in Chatham, Ont., have moved, one by one, to Guatemala in the midst of a custody battle with Ontario and Quebec over alleged child abuse. Of the 200 sect members, only half a dozen families remain in Chatham, Ont. CBC News · Posted: Aug 23, 2014 2:03 PM ET \| Last Updated: August 23, 2014 Members of the Lev Tahor ultra-Orthodox Jewish community, some of whom have been involved in a bitter custody battle with child protection services, began leaving Chatham, Ont., for Guatemala in March and have now been joined by most of their sect. (Dave Chidley / Canadian Press) Most of the members of the ultra-Orthodox Jewish sect Lev Tahor have moved from Canada to Guatemala amid allegations of child abuse. Of the nearly 200 members of the sect, a half-dozen families remain in Chatham, Ont., where the group has been based since November 2013. The members left in Canada include some of those who have been involved in a custody dispute with the region's children's services authorities for several months. the fifth estate: Lev Tahor leader Shlomo Helbrans' refugee case questioned Quebec officials say many more Lev Tahor children could be at risk Guatemalan judge rules Lev Tahor children can stay Radio-Canada's sources said the bulk of the families began leaving Canada one by one starting in June to join some of the members involved in the custody battle who had left for Guatemala in March. The sect picked up and moved to Chatham from Ste-Agathe-des-Monts, Que., last November after Quebec's youth protective services (known by its French acronym, the DPJ) initiated steps to remove 14 of the children. One of the children was a mother to a young child herself. Case workers at the DPJ's department in nearby St-Jérôme, Que., alleged that some of the children experienced physical punishment, had poor hygiene and were not being educated according to the province's curriculum. At Quebec's urging, Chatham-Kent Children's Services picked up where the DPJ left off. Families left Canada in March In February, an Ontario judge upheld a Quebec ruling that ordered the 13 children who were part of the original group involved in the dispute with DPJ but did not include the young mother to be surrendered to child welfare authorities. The sect appealed the decision. In March, 12 of the children involved in the custody dispute and six adults left Canada on two separate flights: one group of nine flying through Mexico City, and the other group of nine travelling through Trinidad and Tobago. The group travelling through Trinidad and Tobago were intercepted by immigration authorities and returned to Canada. The group travelling through Mexico City arrived safely in Guatemala, where they remain. The young mother and her child were stopped at the Calgary airport and returned to Ontario, as well. In April, Lev Tahor members won their appeal of the February ruling ordering the return of the children to Quebec. Representatives of Lev Tahor have always vigorously denied all allegations of child abuse. Lev Tahor wins appeal in child protection case Lev Tahor child back in mother’s care Lev Tahor community in Ontario raided by border agency Lev Tahor members in Guatemala can stay up to 3 months Lev Tahor case: 7 children taken by child services in Ontario Lev Tahor sect members on the run sent back to Canada	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16813
__label__wiki	0.985195	0.985195	Palestinian president presents timeline for 2-state solution before walking out on talks Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is calling for an international peace conference by mid-2018 with key goals of full United Nations membership for the state of Palestine and a timeframe for resolving all issues with Israel for a two-state solution. Mahmoud Abbas says peace efforts cannot be U.S.-brokered, amid efforts by Trump's Mideast negotiators The Associated Press · Posted: Feb 20, 2018 1:29 PM ET \| Last Updated: February 20, 2018 Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas called President Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital "dangerous" and one reason for the deadlock in peace efforts. (Yuri Kochetkov/Pool via AP) Abbas made clear to the UN Security Council in a rare appearance at its monthly meeting on Mideast issues Tuesday that any future peace efforts cannot be U.S.-brokered. U.S. Embassy to move to Jerusalem ahead of schedule, by end of 2019, Pence says Trump says Palestinians must return to talks to receive aid He called U.S. President Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital "dangerous" and one reason for the deadlock in peace efforts. He outlined the Palestinian peace vision, starting with the peace conference in Moscow. Top Trump Mideast negotiators, who are preparing their own peace plan, sat in the council chamber listening. 'We will not chase after you' U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley said Tuesday during the meeting that U.S. negotiators were "ready to talk, but we will not chase after you." Trump's son-in-law and senior adviser, Jared Kushner, and U.S. Middle East envoy Jason Greenblatt sat behind Haley at the meeting. Kushner and Greenblatt are currently working on a new Middle East peace plan. Abbas did not stay in the council chamber for Haley's remarks. U.S. Ambassador to the UN, Nikki Haley, Abbas on Tuesday during the UN Security Council Middle East meeting that U.S. negotiators were "ready to talk, but we will not chase after you." (Ermino Armino/The Associated Press) Nor was he present for Israel's speech, which prompted harsh rebuke from Israel's ambassador, Danny Dannon. "I expected Mr. Abbas to stay with us and have a dialogue. Unfortunately, he's once again running away," said Dannon. "The only way to move forward is to have direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians." "When we extend a hand, Abbas extends a fist," he said. Reviving Gaza's economy key, warns envoy Meanwhile, the UN Mideast envoy warned that if the window of opportunity for peace between Israel and the Palestinians isn't seized quickly, the conflict "will be engulfed in the whirlwind of religious radicalization that remains present in the region." Nickolay Mladenov told the security council that "the enemies of peace are growing more confident by the day" and believe "the political odds are tilting in their favour." Mladenov said that "as the peace process falters and the gulf between the two sides widens, Palestinians and Israelis continue to suffer the violent consequences on the ground." He also warned that without immediate steps to address the humanitarian crisis in Hamas-ruled Gaza and revive its economy, "we will face a total institutional and economic collapse in Gaza." He stressed: "This is not an alarmist prediction — it is a fact." Mladenov urged the international community "not to give up on support for the moderate Palestinian leadership" and said Palestinian unity is crucial for a Palestinian state. With files from Reuters A generation born into conflict: Young Israelis and Palestinians speak about the path to peace Trial begins for Palestinian teen accused of slapping Israeli soldier Benjamin Netanyahu's 'projection of strength secures the support of young Israelis' Netanyahu aides named in Israel corruption probe Canada raises 'concerns' over Israel's mass deportation plan for African migrants	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16814
__label__cc	0.533483	0.466517	World first green bond supports Woolworths sustainability strategy Woolworths Group has issued the world’s first green bond by a supermarket business to fund its sustainability strategy. The $400 million green bond launched in April 2019 is backed by a Green Bonds Framework and funds initiatives such as LED lighting, energy efficient fridges and solar panels as part of the retailer’s 2020 sustainability strategy. Woolworths Group includes well known Australian and New Zealand brands Woolworths, Countdown, Dan Murphy’s, BWS and Big W. It has over 3,000 stores, more than 200,000 employees. Since 2015 the group has reduced its emissions by 13 per cent. The Climate Bonds Initiative has certified the bonds and has developed a global low-carbon buildings criteria for supermarkets as a result of Woolworths’ commitment to green bonds. The Climate Bonds Initiative is an international, investor-focused not-for-profit organisation working to mobilise the $100 trillion bond market, for climate change solutions. The green bond, which sets new standards and expectations across the entire retail industry, creates a simple and highly transparent way for the private sector to invest in clean energy technologies. It provides a new asset class for institutional investors who have an increasing appetite for products that meet environmental, social and governance (ESG) requirements. The CEFC secured a $30 million tranche of the issuance. The CEFC’s investment in this bond enables the CEFC to continue its support for Australia’s emerging green bond market, actively monitor the secondary market for green bonds and gain useful insights into the emissions profile of Australia’s supermarkets.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16817
__label__wiki	0.708461	0.708461	Behind the Gates: Hilton Head Lakes Author: Frank Dunne, Jr. This month, Behind the Gates ventures outside the confines of Hilton Head Island and Bluffton for the first time. Our first stop as we cross over into Jasper County is Hardeeville’s Hilton Head Lakes, which is kind of like making two stops, because Hilton Head Lakes is actually two separate and distinct communities operating as one. Traveling approximately 15 miles west on Highway 278 from the bridge to Hilton Head Island, you’ll come upon the familiar towers standing at the entrance to Hilton Head Lakes North on your right, and the serene waterfall entrance to Hilton Head Lakes South on your left. The waterfall drops a subtle hint to the community’s signature feature, a 155-acre private, navigable freshwater lake that serves as the heart of Hilton Head Lakes’ amenity offerings. “Lake Living” is what differentiates Hilton Head Lakes from other area private communities according to broker-in-charge Matt Peebles. “It does,” Peebles said. “In 1999, our company started this “boatable” lake concept in Myrtle Beach, and it was really the first community in the area that wasn’t revolved around golf. That in itself makes our community very different than most of them.” The same is true of Hilton Head Lakes in the Lowcountry. “We think that this is the wave of the future.” Hilton Head Lakes South, or, the lake side, is the original development bearing the name Hilton Head Lakes. It is the site of the community’s namesake body of water, with 90 percent of the homesites enjoying water views. The Lake Club recently opened to serve as a hub for the Hilton Head Lakes social life, providing residents with a clubhouse, fitness center, pools, tennis courts and other amenities. Across the road, Hilton Head Lakes North, or the golf course side, occupies the property formerly known as Tradition Hilton Head. It features an 18-hole Tommy Fazio designed championship track with practice facilities and a 6-hole par 3 course. Hilton Head Lakes North is also notable as the only community in South Carolina with a reclaimed water plant to irrigate the golf course and residents’ homesites. “That’s a big money saver for people,” Peebles said. The Lake Club is situated right on the lake shore, adjacent to a boating ramp, community day dock and beach area, to facilitate and maximize residents’ enjoyment of the water. The pool area, currently under construction, will feature a large resort style pool and infinity pool as well as a splash zone, lazy river and waterslide for the kids. Lighted tennis courts, a basketball court and a playground also occupy the Lake Club’s grounds. The building itself is home to meeting rooms and a ballroom with a catering kitchen, a game room, an expansive second floor porch overlooking the lake and a spacious sun deck. Residents enjoy venturing out from the Lake Club in kayaks, canoes, pontoon boats and other small watercraft, but they can also set off on foot to explore over 12 miles of walking nature trails—with seven of those miles along the lake system—and a 453-acre nature preserve teeming with indigenous flora and fauna. According to Peebles, a community concept de-emphasizing golf and bringing other features and amenities to the fore is how Hilton Head Lakes meets the demands of a changing real estate market. “We’ve had a chance to adapt, and the affordability of this community is kind of our shining star after people move in,” he said. “Folks are becoming more and more wary of paying high dues. So the two things that we’ve done to make our community different, besides the boatable concept, is the fact that we’re not going to run the golf course as a private country club. It’s going to stand on its own. A lot of our customers play a little bit of golf, some don’t play any golf and some play a lot, so we’re not going to burden them and we’re not going to put a full-blown restaurant on the site. Most country clubs, if not all of them, lose money in the food and beverage and that, in turn, is passed along to the people who live there. We can run our community right now for $100 a month, which is a super low number.” Jim Milo would be one of those who plays a lot of golf, and he’s quite satisfied with the arrangement. Milo and his wife, Rose, are currently building a home on the golf course, and for them, the total package of a new, well-managed community, outstanding amenities including world-class golf without the high cost of a private golf club is the perfect fit. “We looked at pretty much everything on the island and off the island, and we liked everything about Hilton Head Lakes,” Milo said. “It fits everything we like in our lifestyle.” Avid a golfer that he is, Milo also cited the Lake Living concept as a considerable attraction. “Sure, I can see myself getting a canoe or something and putting it in the lake one of these days,” he said. The majority of current property owners in Hilton Head Lakes would fall into the baby boomer category; however, as one of the newest communities in the area and years from build-out, it would be incorrect to label it a retirement community. First of all, that’s not the intention. There is no age restriction and its amenity package and location make an attractive option for all ages and family situations. “There are very few pieces of property where you can do a continuous lake system like we’re doing. It’s a neat concept,” Peebles said. “We know that people love water. Most people can’t afford to go down on the island and get something on the ocean or on one of the rivers, but just about everybody can afford something that we have here.” Beyond the amenities and lifestyle considerations, Hilton Head Lakes strives to make the whole process of finding and purchasing a home or homesite as simple and seamless as possible. You can buy a lot and hold it for as long as you wish without being pressured to build before you’re ready. When you’re ready to build, a model park featuring the models offered by Hilton Head Lakes’ preferred builder, Citizens Homes, helps you visualize your future home in context, and relationships with five other builders widens the range of options. On the golf course side, homesites start in the high $40,000s and range into the low $100,000s. Sites with homes range from the $200,000s up to the high $300,000s. On the lake side, homesites start around $70,000 and go up to the $150,000s. Homes with homesites range from the $300,000s to the $700,000s. “We take a lot of pride in offering a wide range of products and price points so that we can find a shoe that fits for just about everyone,” Peebles said. In terms of proximity to most of what is considered important and desirable in the Lowcountry, Hilton Head Lakes is difficult to beat. Both main entrances are just minutes from greater Bluffton’s shopping, dining and services as well as the beaches of Hilton Head Island. Downtown Savannah, Georgia and the Savannah Hilton Head International Airport are 20-minute drives, as is historic Beaufort, South Carolina. Future commercial development planned for nearby tracts promises to make the location even more attractive. Hilton Head Lakes is located at 356 Lakeside Boulevard, Hardeeville, SC. For more information, call (866) 396-3230 or visit online at HiltonHeadLakes.com. 13th Annual Bluffton Arts & Seafood Festival Planned for October Yummy is Coming: Burger, Bacon & BBQ Festival bigger, better than ever Going Nuts: The Bluffton Boiled Peanut Festival is getting back to its roots. HarbourFest 2017: Shelter Cove Harbour & Marina Celebrates Summer HarbourFest: It’s a Family Affair Bluffton Sunset Party Series Continues with Brews & Blues on the Bluff. Swingin’ Medallions at Jasper County Farmers Market June 5 Circle to Circle: Planning for Sea Pines to Coligny Circle: Your input requested Sun City Hilton Head:Not Your Grandma’s Retirement Home Imagination and education...A Bluffton Public Art Project Highlights Crabby Creatures JANUARY 2011: Golf Tips From A Pro - The Putting Stroke, Part 2 Get Ready for the 'What-ifs' C2's Pet Contest Winner! Distintive Granite & Marble Cornmeal: The Southern, Soulful, Staple Create Your Own Holiday Wonders: An Excerpt from Richard Coyne's Upcoming Book Peripheral Arterial Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Fresh on the Menu: It's a Matter of Taste The Hilton Head Island Seafood Festival Celebrates 10 Years of the Island’s Best Seafood and More 2015 New Business Round-Up Legends Sports Gallery: A Sports Fan(atic)'s Hangout C2 Gift Guide: For Her, Him & Them Line in the Sand: Santa Claus Porter & Pig: Finding Something You Can’t Live Without SUBSCRIBE TO CH2/CB2 MAGAZINE FOR FREE!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16818
__label__cc	0.577033	0.422967	Home » News & Events » News » G20 Task Force urges preparation for population ageing G20 Task Force urges preparation for population ageing G20 countries need to urgently reform their tax systems, improve productivity and rethink conventional macroeconomic policies if they are to protect their economies from the knock-on effects of aging populations, according to a G20 task force, co-chaired by CEPAR Director John Piggott. The Think20 (T20) Task Force on Aging Population also recommended introducing greater means testing for social security payments, easy-to-understand financial products, such as lifetime annuities, and universal access to healthcare and long-term care for the elderly. The recommendations will be considered ahead of the G20 Osaka Summit in Japan on 28-29 June. It is the first time a T20 task force has addressed the challenges posed by aging populations. Globally, people are living longer and having fewer children. Governments are scrambling to deal with what that means for families and retirement pensions, and the cost of care for the growing number of elderly citizens. Countries that have developed infrastructure to address aging must find ways to sustain those programs in the face of declining populations and workforces, said Scientia Professor of Economics at UNSW Sydney, John Piggott, who is Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR). “Also, the speed of aging of emerging economies is much faster than that experienced by the developed countries of the global north, adding urgency to policy formulation,” said Professor Piggott, who is co-chair of the Aging Population Task Force, one of 10 groups set up to deal with the challenges faced by G20 countries. The T20 is a network of research institutes and think tanks that provides research-based policy advice to the G20. Alongside aging population, other areas of research include climate change and the environment, cryptocurrency and fintech and cooperation with Africa. Other T20 recommendations about aging populations include: Improving workers’ productivity and adaptability Eliminating gender and seniority-based pay gaps Improving the collection and analysis of population data Supporting the adoption of evidence-based medicine to better match medical best practices with the evolving needs of aging populations Establishing an assessment framework for social security systems, particularly in developing economies. You can read more about the T20 recommendations here. This article was originally published on Business Think, UNSW Business School's new digital platform for connecting industry to business research. Subscribe to BusinessThink.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16819
__label__cc	0.603059	0.396941	S.R. NO. THIRTIETH LEGISLATURE, 2019 SENATE RESOLUTION requesting the department of education to conduct a study to assess the adequacy of the Department's vocational EDUCATION programs to prepare students for a career in a vocation. WHEREAS, a four-year college degree may not be suitable for all students; and WHEREAS, the daunting financial commitment necessary to obtain a four-year college degree may leave some students heavily indebted after college; and WHEREAS, many vocational career fields provide suitable incomes for the State's middle-class; and WHEREAS, many students would benefit from the Department of Education offering courses and training in vocational career fields; and WHEREAS, the Hawaii P-20 College and Career Readiness Indicators Report of 2017 found that of the State's high school students, seventeen percent did not graduate and only fifty-five percent enrolled in post-secondary education, of which only thirty-two percent enrolled in a four-year university; and WHEREAS, according to the June 13, 2018, edition of Forbes magazine, more than forty-four million borrowers currently owe a total of $1,500,000,000 in student loans, with the average college graduate owing $37,172 in student loans in 2016; and WHEREAS, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, three out of ten high school graduates nationwide who attended four-year public universities failed to earn their degrees within six years; and WHEREAS, according to the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, there are nearly thirty million jobs in the United States that pay an average of $55,000 per year and do not require a bachelor's degree; and WHEREAS, according to the United States Department of Labor, there were 6,600,000 job openings in early 2018 in vocational career fields; and WHEREAS, due to lack of training in particular skills, the demand for skilled workers in various industries throughout the nation will exceed the number of available workers; and WHEREAS, the United States Department of Education, Department of Transportation, and Department of Labor collaboratively examined specific transportation subsectors, including trucking; transportation; highway construction and maintenance; transit and ground passenger transportation; rail transportation; air transportation; and maritime, and projected that annual job openings in these subsectors will be sixty-eight percent larger than the number of individuals completing related education programs; and WHEREAS, the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that in four years, careers in construction, health care, and personal care will account for one-third of all new jobs in the nation; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED by the Senate of the Thirtieth Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 2019, that the Department of Education is requested to conduct a study to assess the adequacy of the Department's vocational education programs to prepare students for a career in a vocational career field; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Department of Education is requested to include the following as part of its study: (1) Identification of the vocational career fields in the State that: (A) Have a current or projected demand for skilled workers; (B) Do not require a four-year college degree; and (C) Provide wages that will enable the interested students to achieve middle-class status in the State or anywhere in the nation; (2) An assessment of the accessibility and availability of the Department's current course offerings in the vocational career fields identified in paragraph (1); (3) A plan of action that the Department intends to undertake to address or cure any deficiencies identified in paragraph (2); (4) Recommendations and strategies that the Department will implement to: (A) Attract and retain qualified teachers; and (B) Eliminate anything currently hindering the hiring of qualified vocational teachers in vocational subject areas; and (5) An estimate of any funds or a proposal of any funding sources, or both, necessary to implement any plans, recommendations, or strategies identified pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4); and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Department of Education is requested to submit a report of its findings and recommendations, including any proposed legislation, to the Legislature no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the Regular Session of 2020; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that certified copies of this Resolution be transmitted to the Governor, the Chairperson of the Board of Education, and the Superintendent of Education. Report Title: Department of Education; Vocational Education; Study; Report	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16821
__label__wiki	0.870893	0.870893	Robert Kubica Lotus Renault F1 driver seriously injured Tim Beissmann New Cars Editor The career of Formula One rising star Robert Kubica is currently in the hands of Italian surgeons after the Polish driver crashed at high speed in a rally event over the weekend. The 26-year-old was driving a Skoda Fabia in the Ronde di Andora Rally in Liguria, northwestern Italy, when his car left the road and crashed into a church wall. Kubica has serious injuries to his right arm and leg and has limited use of his right hand. He previously injured the same arm in 2003 in another road accident, and required titanium bolts to be inserted to stabilise the shattered bones. His manager, Daniele Morelli, told reporters that surgeons at the Santa Corona hospital in Pietra Ligure were trying to restore functionality of his right hand. “They have restarted the circulation of blood and repaired the bone structure,” Mr Morelli said.“They must now think about the muscle function, but Robert has a very strong temper and will succeed.” Kubica’s co-driver, Jakub Gerber, was unhurt in the accident. The Formula One driver was set to commence his sixth season in the championship this year, but it is now unknown when, or if, he will make a return. It is expected that Lotus Renault reserve driver Bruno Senna will fill his seat at the opening race in Bahrain on March 13. Kubica has one Formula One race win to his name, the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix, and finished eighth in the 2010 Drivers’ Championship. Messages of support from fellow drivers filled Twitter overnight, all praising the driver and the man. Timo Glock: “I’m thinking of Robert, wish him al the best and hope to see him soon on the track and especially off-track as a friend.Fernando Alonso: “Let’s all support Robert Kubica, who suffered an accident. Besides a great driver, he is a great person.”Rubens Barrichello: “I would like to ask for your best wishes to Kubica. He is being operated [on] right now. We all like him and he deserves all the best.” Our thoughts are with Robert and we wish him a speedy recovery. SIBLING RIVALRY: Renault Megane RS280 Sport EDC Auto v Cup Manual 2018 Renault Zoe review	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16823
__label__wiki	0.911898	0.911898	April 21, 2012 / Arts & Entertainment / People / Jamaica / Movies Revealing biopic of revered Reggae icon By Kam Williams Bob Marley in a scene from “Marley,” a Magnolia Pictures release. Rita Marley, Bob Marley’s widow, in a scene from “Marley.” Photos courtesy of Magnolia Pictures Trinidad and Tobago: Garvey’s disciple Tony Martin died, buried in T&T Music: MARLEY’S GRAMMY Music: Ghana honors Rita Marley on Emancipation Day Arts & Theater: T&T to host 2011 IRAWMA Awards Jamaica: Rita Marley named Woman Of Excellence in Africa Music: Rita Marley celebrates her 70th in Nassau When most people think of Bob Marley, what probably comes to mind is reggae, Jamaica and marijuana. But how did a street urchin raised by a teen-mom in a country shack with no electricity manage to become a beloved icon admired all over the world? That little-known side of Bob’s life story is the subject of “Marley,” an intimate biopic produced by his son, Ziggy, and directed by Scotsman Kevin Macdonald. Because of the participation in the project of so many relatives, friends and colleagues, the picture paints a fascinating portrait, which fully fleshes out its subject, thereby resisting the temptation of merely placing him on a pedestal. At the point of departure we learn that Robert Nesta Marley was born in 1945 to Cedella Malcolm, a young local gal, and Captain Norval Marley, a British plantation overseer already in his 60s. Bob never really knew his father or the rest of the Marleys, a prominent family with a construction business on the island. In fact, his request for financial help to kickstart his career was rebuffed out of hand by his relatively-rich white relations. Rejection was a recurring theme during Bob’s formative years, when he was teased as a “half-caste” by other boys for being mixed. And he was equally unpopular with the opposite sex, since “Every girl’s dream in Jamaica was to have a tall, dark boyfriend.” He was even abandoned by his mom who moved to America while he was still in his teens. Fortunately, Bob eventually found salvation through a love of music and the embrace of the Rastafarian community. Seeing his guitar as a way out of poverty, he let his hair grow while writing popular songs about equality, world peace, and cannabis, which is considered a sacred herb by the dreadlocked adherents of his pot-smoking religion. After struggling to make it for over a decade while getting ripped-off by unscrupulous producers and promoters, Marley finally landed his big break in 1973 when he and the Wailers signed with Island Records. The group went on to record such hits as “One Love,” “Jammin’,” “No Woman No Cry,” “I Shot the Sheriff,” “Redemptive Song,” “Get Up, Stand Up,” “Stir It Up” and “Is This Love?” to name a few. The 2½ hour combination concert/interview flick allocates a decent portion of time to archival footage of The Wailers’ performing many of the aforementioned anthems. Attention is also devoted to the reflections of folks like Bob’s widow, Rita, who talks about how she was really more his guardian angel than his wife. After all, he had 11 children by seven different women and often needed help juggling his groupies and baby-mamas. As Bob’s attorney, Diane Jobson, explains it, her client considered himself faithful to God, if not his spouse. Among Marley’s many lovers was gorgeous Cindy Breakspeare, Miss Jamaica 1976, who went on to win the Miss World title. Not so lucky was Pascaline Ondimba, the daughter of the African nation of Gabon’s prime minister. She recounts how Bob had called her “ugly” because she straightened her hair, and had encouraged her to cultivate and appreciate her natural beauty. A wonderfully-revealing, warts-and-all tribute to the human spirit of a Rasta rock god! Updated 3:05 am, July 10, 2018 Brooklyn: Expert advice: What to do if ICE comes to your door Guyana: Judge Joseph among Guyanese Girls Rock Foundation honorees Movies: The moon landing was a giant leap for movies, too Tell us something about yourself! Take our Reader Survey, and you could win cool prizes!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16825
__label__cc	0.674032	0.325968	Protect Your Family With Circle November 17, 2015 #family #parenting #pornography The Internet has become an indispensable resource for the home and family, but every parent has grappled with properly managing and overseeing that resource. We all know the dangers that lurk out there, yet still believe in the value of maintaining access and the necessity of training our children to use it wisely. As the Internet matures, we are gaining some great new tools to help us. Circle is an interesting new device and app that allows parents to manage all of their home’s connected devices. Recently Kickstarted into existence, it is now available to the public. Circle, which looks like nothing more than a tiny little white box, manages every device connected to your home network and does this by offering parents a collection of services that can reduce or deny the functionality of those devices. The short form of my review is this: Consider buying it. I think it will prove well worth the $99 investment. (Also, it has a 30-day no-questions-asked return policy, greatly reducing any risk and allowing a thorough testing period.) What follows is the longer form of my review. I will tell you about my experience with the product and suggest where it may be especially helpful. Setting up Circle is quick and easy. While the Circle app which configures and controls the device is currently only available for iOS devices (iPod Touch, iPhone, or iPad), Circle manages every device that connects to your home network, regardless of platform. In other words, you need an iOS device to do setup and management, but it will manage and oversee every kind of device—personal computers running Windows, mobile phones running Android, PlayStations, smart TVs, and so on. Circle does promise that in 2016 they will extend this management software to Android. Setup involves plugging in your Circle, wirelessly connecting the device you will use to manage your Circle, and following a few simple steps to connect Circle to your router. This takes no more than 2 minutes and is guided entirely by the app. Once that initial setup is complete, you will need to create a user account for each person in your home, a process that takes around 30 seconds per person. Then you simply browse through the listing of all the devices connected to your router and assign them to the appropriate users—your iPhone is associated with your account, your son’s PlayStation with your son’s account, your wife’s laptop with your wife’s account, and so on. Devices that are shared by multiple users are added to a general home account. With accounts created and devices assigned, you will need to choose settings appropriate to each user. These settings will then apply to each one of their devices. For each user you can enforce: Filtering. Filtering proactivity determines what sites or services users are attempting to access and allows or permits them based on certain settings. There are 5 pre-packaged filtering levels (Pre-K, Kid, Teen, Adult, or None). You can also choose specific apps or platforms to allow or block (e.g. Amazon, Facebook, HBO, Reddit, Twitter, YouTube) and site categories to allow or block (e.g. Business, Dating, Education, Explicit Content, Gambling, Social Media, Sports, etc). You have the option to toggle ad blocking and safe search (which activates Google’s Safe Search mode and YouTube’s restricted mode). Custom whitelist and blacklist filtering is also available in case there are individual sites you would like to permit or deny. Time Limits. Time limits allow sites or services to be used for a certain amount of time each day. Limits can be sent for minutes or hours of usage (e.g. 2 hours of Internet access per day) and can also be configured on a per-app basis (e.g. 1 hour of Facebook per day or 15 minutes of Instagram per day) or a per-category basis (e.g. 1 hour per day of blogs, 2 hours per day of social media). Bedtime. Bedtime sets a window in which Circle will block all apps and all usage. It is important to note that time limits and bedtimes only affect online services such as messaging, browsing, social media, and multiplayer games. Games and other apps that do not rely on an Internet connection will be unaffected and will need to be addressed in other ways. With the device configured, accounts created, and options in place, the only thing left to do is to oversee what your family is doing through their devices and to make any necessary adjustments to options you have assigned to them. The Circle app allows you to see “Insights” for each one of your users. This section of the app reports how many hours the user has spent online that day and, with a tap, shows how many they have tallied in the past week and month. Additionally, it displays a listing of time spent in each category of site and service, while also providing a time count for major apps like Facebook and Pinterest. One tap will display the complete history of sites visited along with a list of all sites that have been blocked by the filter. While this information is not exhaustive, it is helpful for providing a general overview of who is doing what online and reporting those who may be attempting to visit inappropriate sites or use inappropriate apps. Circle can provide notifications through the app for a number of events such as a user’s time limit being reached, the Circle device going offline, or a new device joining the network. One helpful feature is a “pause” button that will immediately pause the Internet for individual users or for all users. Circle accomplishes its work through a technology known as “ARP Spoofing.” Though that technology can be put to bad purposes, it can also be used for good ones (read about it here). It is important to note that your devices do not connect directly to your Circle; instead they continue to connect to your router, just like before. Then, when you attempt to access anything on the Internet, the router passes a request to the Circle before fulfilling it. Circle makes the decisions based on your criteria. Despite this extra step, I did not notice any hit to our network speed. We had 40 Mbps service before and 40 Mbps after. Even under a heavy weekend load I did not notice any slowdowns. I kept Circle connected to my router wirelessly, but could have plugged it in using a network cable since this would have mitigated speed loss. The device has a battery so children cannot disable it by unplugging it. If it is removed from range, the app will send a notification to parents to let them know. Circle values privacy which means that all browsing and filtering information is stored on the device rather than on their servers. The device and service is in full compliance with the FTC’s Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule. The One Big Limitation I have said this already, but will repeat it. Circle has one big limitation: It only manages devices that are connected to the home network. If your child has a mobile phone with a data plan, she can simply switch to cellular data and Circle will be ineffective on her device. In the same vein, Circle does nothing when your devices are connected to networks outside of the home. Circle promises to address this next year through technology they are calling “Circle Go,” but for the time being you will need another solution for outside the home. Areas of Improvement There are a few areas where I would like to see Circle improve: As with any filtering software, Circle will record and tally statistics for Internet-based services like Dropbox that run constantly in the background. Because these services run all the time, Circle records me as using the Internet 24-hours per day. It would be helpful if I could remove such services from the reports. I would like to be able to opt-out of the Disney-sponsored page that appears when I attempt to click on a site that has been blocked by a filter. These pages display information about Disney products and services and are of no interest to me. I found that the iOS app can be slow to connect to the device after switching to the app from a pop-up notification. This does not happen when I open the app any other way. It is not a major grievance, but does represent a minor frustration. Circle does not allow me to set different bed times for different days of the week. This would be helpful since our children go to bed later on the weekend than on weekdays. I suspect that most or all of these areas will be improved eventually by updates to the Circle software. Some time ago I shared The Porn-Free Family Plan. I think Circle could play an important role in that plan. It nicely eliminates the need for OpenDNS or other filtering software while also providing some of the functionality of Covenant Eyes. Used on its own or in company with Covenant Eyes, it will help parents manage the Internet and help train their children to use it well. At just $99, and with a very solid 30-day no-questions-asked return policy, it may be well worth integrating into your home network. You can buy Circle here. Disclosure: Circle provided me a pre-release version of their device. I was under no obligation to provide a positive review. Links to Circle take advantage of their affiliate program. Talking About Circle: A Device to Protect Your Family Online Protect Your Family with the Skydog The Porn-Free Family Plan	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16827
__label__wiki	0.673382	0.673382	Context is Everything Earlier this year I got a permanent job that has me in the car an hour each way to get to work. (Fortunately, it's against traffic.) As such, I've gotten to listen to many hours of local radio morning shows on my commute in. Anna Kendrick's song "Cups" came on the radio sometime this spring (not just the one-minute version she did in Pitch Perfect and several talk shows to promote the same, a full-length radio edit). In a surprisingly intelligent comment made on one of the morning shows, one of the hosts mentioned that the song was not in fact "new," per se, but was an update of a song that originated in the first part of the 20th century. Oh really? think I. I'll have to go look that up. So I did, and discovered that yes, in fact, Kendrick's version is in fact a remake of Lulu and the Lampshades (now apparently known as Landshapes)' single from 2009, which was adapted a song from earlier last century (c. 1931) by the Carter Family. When I got home, I mentioned this to Steve. He was promptly rather perturbed -- apparently he had been thinking about working up the Lulu and the Lampshades version as a song to lead at song circles, but now felt that he couldn't because it was a song that was popular on the radio. When I asked him why it makes a difference, he said that "No one goes to a song circle wanting to hear something that they can already listen to ten times a day on some pop station. One of the big thrills of a circle is getting to hear songs you enjoy that you would otherwise never hear anywhere else." Honestly, I suspect that a fair lot of the popularity of the Kendrick version revolves around the fact that she was in the Twilight movies and her career is continuing from that basis. But, somewhat cynical blogger opinion aside, it’s really rather interesting that the song has come into the mainstream vogue in that way, and that because of that it could end up out of favor in some song circles. Because it’s on the radio, and as a result is now everywhere, it’s no longer one of the things that folkies are looking for in the song circles and such that are more away from the mainstream. There is this odd sense of “Othering” that I’ve found comes to and from the contra community (and perhaps the folkie community in general), and while sometimes they can reflect various community values (e.g.,: most contra events are alcohol-free; most contra events try to make a point of using local talent as well as getting some touring folks, when they’re available), sometimes they can feel a bit arbitrary (e.g., if one finds it in “mainstream” culture and therefore it is inherently inferior and has nothing to offer the Tradition). Adding a conventionally pretty, known face to an old song and making a radio edit that is then played on pop stations a lot can both make a song relevant to a new audience and doom it in the folkie circles for being, in some ways, “not Other enough” to make it acceptable. (As posited before, to me this seems to be more of an aesthetic issue than anything else, but that’s a tangent here.) At the same time, part of the reason that contra dancing isn’t more popular is because of this “Otherness.” It is, for good or for ill, associated with other forms of folk dance in the public imagination and as such is not appealing to several potential audiences out there. At the same time, suggestions that contra events could or should be advertised “to the gen pop” is met with a somewhat unfavorable reaction. So there is a tension...how to keep an event “Other” enough that it is appealing to the current folks (who like it as something “Other”) and how to keep an event accessible enough that you get new people in and keep the community sustainable. In marketing we talk about finding your target audience and getting your information into the streams where they get their information. But, while the community knows it needs to do it, is that something that they really want to stretch themselves to do? Are they willing to sacrifice a little “Otherness” to gain some of the mainstream attention? Whether or not they can or wish to, should they do so, and to what degree? I don’t have an answer to that, but I’m certainly willing to hear what other folks think. Special thanks to Steven Roth for sharing his views and for the research assistance!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16831
__label__cc	0.667603	0.332397	Iowa: ELL Resources As of the 2012-13 school year, Iowa's schools were home to more than 23,500 English language learners (ELLs), which marks a 71% increase from the 2002-2003 school year (Migration Policy Institute, 2015). Currently, the most common languages spoken by ELLs in Iowa are Spanish, Vietnamese, Bosnian, and Karen. State Agency: Iowa Department of Education ELL Website: English Language Learners Statewide Standards-Based Assessment Assessment: Iowa Assessments ESSA: Iowa ESSA State Plan Note: Regulations change with time. These guidelines were compiled in 2012 and last updated in 2018. If you see something that needs updating, please send an e-mail to Colorín Colorado. For more detailed information regarding ELL guidelines and policies at the state and federal levels, please see the following: Iowa State Education Association Iowa State Education Association is a National Education Association State Affiliate that regularly lobbies legislators for the resources schools need, campaigns for higher professional standards for the teaching profession, and files legal actions to protect academic freedom and the rights of school employees. ASK Resource Center ASK (Access for Special Kids) Resource Center serves as the state of Iowa’s parent training and information center for families of children with disabilities. Iowa: Seal of Biliteracy The Seal of Biliteracy has been adopted statewide in Iowa. The Seal of Biliteracy is an award given by a school, district, or state in recognition of students who have studied and attained proficiency in two or more languages by high school graduation. Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students. Iowa Rate of EL Growth (1997/98-2007/08). Compiled July 2010 and retrieved from http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/t3sis/state/iowa/.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16834
__label__wiki	0.598948	0.598948	fantastic content the key to self-publishing success “If you write fantastic content and you make a difference to your readers’ lives, the financial reward will come regardless,” that’s the opinion of a wildly successful self-publisher of non-fiction interviewed in this week’s Lancashire Evening Post. Richard McMunn’s self-publishing career began when he wrote a guide for prospective firefighters 10 years ago. At the time, McMunn was himself working as a fire fighter and had no idea his guide would go on to be the catalyst for such a successful self-publishing business. He is currently assisting almost 100 authors achieve success through self-publishing. His first book was called How To Become A Firefighter and it topok him three months to finish, writing the book after his shifts with the fire service. The book sold well through Amazon and he found himself having to drive round to post the orders in lots of different post boxes because he was filling them too quickly. He started writing new content and guides and before he knew it, he had 30 guides for sale and his business was booming. He resigned from the fire service to concentrate on his business, How2Become, which went on to generate a six-figure income. McMunn puts his success down to including dedicated content that focuses on helping people pass interviews and fitness tests for the jobs that they want. He is currently working with 93 authors through a mentoring programme and he says he encourages them to always think about how their content will help their reader. He also encourages people to self-publish, rather than trying to find a publisher. Read the full article here. CHRISTMAS SPECIAL FROM JANE TULLOCH! Comely Bank Publishing author Jane Tulloch has a Christmas treat for you all – a Christmas Special called Christmas At Murrays featuring many of the characters from her forthcoming novel Our Best Attention. Click on the red highlighted link, or on the Christmas tree image, to read the story now! Edinburgh residents might just recognise the Christmas tree from a certain well-known real-life department store! WINNER of Friday flash Fiction competition announced Reading author Joy Essien has won the 2015 Friday Flash Fiction competition sponsored by Comely Bank Publishing. Joy currently works in the health sector but has a considerable background in news reporting and scriptwriting. The judges felt that Joy's winning entry (which you can read to the right) was particularly successful in capturing the spirit of the "World In Union" theme. A soldier's christmas Joy Essien Tired and wistful soldiers in the truck shifted uncomfortably. Batira saw the passing landscape. “Oh, the beauties of home,” he thought. Then his mind moved to Semira, the girl soldier he’d met. He recalled her softness. Shutting his eyes, he tried to block the memory. Semira broke the rules. She loved the enemy and that love ended her life. The truck slowed down, ending his reverie. He felt his colleagues’ excitement as they prepared to disembark. He felt numb and listless. How would he face his wife, Maria, knowing that his heart was gone forever to a dead rebel soldier? Merry Christmas to all of you from Comely Bank Publishing! We hope you have a terrific day - and that Santa brings you lots of good books to read... edinburgh novelist turns her attention to department store life Inspired by the work she did as a student, an Edinburgh woman has created a novel that focuses on the lives, loves and adventures of characters working in a fictional 1970s department store. Jane Tulloch’s debut novel, Our Best Attention, will be published by Comely Bank Publishing on 11 January. The book is set in Murrays, a fictional Edinburgh department store in the 1970s. It’s a large, gothic and rambling building, but the store’s real heart lies in its staff and its customers and the book tells the story of Miss Murray, her team (and some very surprising VIP customers) and their efforts to adapt the store to changing times. Monkeys, murderers, mayhem and more are all included in this heart-warming tale which brings the era alive and populates the fictional landscape with a new set of delightful and intriguing characters. Jane, who was born in Edinburgh in 1954 and who has lived there ever since, said: “In the 1970s, I worked during my student holidays in a store very like Murrays. I was always struck by its likeness to a theatre and I really enjoyed working with the customers and staff. It was a lot of fun. “After many years working with adults with Asperger’s Syndrome in the NHS and writing lots of very serious reports, it was liberating to write fiction at last. My experience of working in a department store and working with and writing about with and writing about unusual and interesting people and their families melded together and Our Best Attention was the result. “It was very liberating to write things that do not need to be true – I found that the characters and stories just grew like magic. I can only suppose they had been there all along." Jane has worked for the NHS for 30 years and writes as a form of relaxation. She lives with her husband, a giant cat and welcomes the occasional interruption from her boisterous grandsons. She added: “Having found a format I like, I plan to complete a trilogy based on Murrays of Edinburgh. It’s a great vehicle for creating more characters or taking existing ones further into the future – the 1980s and beyond.” Jane chose to work with the community publishing co-operative, Comely Bank Publishing, which was set up by author Gordon Lawrie in 2012. Gordon set up the publishing co-operative to give Scottish writers additional options for self-publishing and for writers to share their experiences and expertise. Gordon said: “I set up Comely Bank Publishing because I genuinely believe that too many authors are failing to have their works published. Agents and publishers and have become too cautious, grasping at poorer-quality work simply because it carries the name of an established author or a bankable name such as a celebrity. “The future of literature can only be saved if bright new talent is nurtured as it used to be. “Here at Comely Bank Publishing we want to share our experiences so that others who want to self-publish can benefit from what we have learned along the way.” apprentice contenders self-publish a book Two former Apprentice contenders are to self-publish a children’s book. Sam Curry and Elle Stevenson who appeared in this year’s show originally worked as a team for one of the show’s tasks to create a children’s book. The team lost the task, but the book about a dragon/elephant hybrid creature called Snottydink sold out in bookshops. Curry and Stevenson have since spent time writing a new book. Called Gobble Gruff, the story is about an over-sized beast who lives in a magical winter forest. Curry said so many people had come up to him, asking where they could buy a copy of Snottydink and that the How to Train Your Dragon author Cressida Cowell had been in touch with him privately, praising the book that he decided that writing children’s literature was a viable project. Gobble Gruff will be released on Amazon on Wednesday 16 December. books: the new business cards? Are books the new business card? That’s the question an article by serial entrepreneur Andrew Meal writing for The Entrepreneur asks. Quoting from the Bowker Report in the article, Medal states that more than 400,000 books were self-published in the US in 2013, an increase of more than 400 percent since 2007, and non-self-published books issued annually has also increased to more than 300,000 in 2013. So why does the author feel that books can be used as a business card? As someone who self-published a book in 2013, Medal views a book as “high-quality marketing tool” which can potentially earn you side income from new customers or users, speaking opportunities and consulting jobs. A book can establish expertise – it shows off that expertise better than a business card. It sets you apart – from other people in your space, as not everyone in your space or industry will be a published author so this can help differentiate you. It can open doors. It can bring you new business. Your book can help establish your expertise in an area, which in turn can help generate you new business or customers. It's a marketing tool. You can give copies of your book to contacts when you meet with them, send copies to potential clients and mail them to other people you’re hoping to connect with. hybrid publishing - the best option? There are different ways to get published in this day and age and hybrid publishing is one of them. A recent article in the Huffington Post by author Kristen Houghton explores this option and what it means for both author and publisher. Publishing new authors is an expensive and time-consuming business for publishers, she explains. Publishing houses use staffers to read proposals and manuscripts, and have teams of editors, cover designers, book lay-out designers, printers and distributors, and all of this work is done without any guarantee that a book will find an audience. All of which makes a publisher hesitant to take risks – which is what new authors pose for publishers. Hybrid publishing, Houghton says, is a relatively new concept and it is popular with many new as well as established authors. Hybrid publishing, she says, is not self-publishing or traditional publishing, but a “comfortable combination of the two”. The example she uses is an author whose career started with traditionally published books and has now decided to go with a hybrid publisher so that he or she can retain deadline and financial control. (Traditional publishing usually has a long waiting period – sometimes more than a year from finished book to launch date.) At hybrid publishing, you also have control over the book cover and all of the sales revenue. But hybrid publishing also has benefits for traditional publishing houses. It is less of a risk for them because they do not need to invest quite as much time and money, and they can use it to woo new authors who have begun to establish an audience. As with self-publishing, hybrid publishing makes you the CEO of the company – which is no bad thing, according to Houghton. She estimates the costs of bringing a book to print in the region of $1,800 to $2,500 (presumably this includes the costs of a good cover, layout, editing and proof-reading, and marketing, as well as the work done by the hybrid publisher), but that many authors consider it a worthwhile investment. The third way of publishing Houghton outlines is digital publishing – a real boon for authors because it is the least expensive way to publish a book, and the book is often less expensive than a hard copy making it more attractive to readers. And of course if your book does sell well this way you can follow up with a print version – CreateSpace, IngramSpark or Nook Publishing offer this option. As Houghton points out, whichever way you publish you do need to get people reading your books. And that is the key to success. Read the full article here. Pic thanks to freeblogphots on flickr	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16835
__label__wiki	0.943275	0.943275	Home > Articles > Air Force Authorizes Space Fence Air Force Authorizes Space Fence The U.S. Air Force has authorized the "Space Fence" to be built. On Sept. 28, 2015, after a series of grueling tests, the Air Force gave their blessings to Lockheed Martin to construct the Space Fence, they announced in a press release. While not a Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) system like President Ronald Reagan's 1983 "nuclear deterrence strategy" to shoot down incoming enemy missiles, the Space Fence is presumably a space debris surveillance system. The sensor surveillance system will cost $914 million and be situated on the remote Pacific island of Kwajalein, 2,100 miles southwest of Hawaii. According to Lockheed, the Space Fence's high tech radar array sensor system is designed to keep track of all the objects floating around in Earth's orbit accumulating since Russia first launched its Sputnik satellite nearly sixty years ago October 4, 1957. The Space Fence S-band radar system array will detect, track, and catalog orbital objects in space over 1.5 million times per day. The system is designed to predict and prevent space-based collisions, Lockheed claimed.Allegedly, it can detect baseball-sized objects 2,000 miles away. When the massive undertaking is finished, the Air Force will then be able to detect with pinpoint accuracy the millions of objects hovering above the Earth. "Once complete, Space Fence will deliver revolutionary capability to the U.S. Air Force with a flexible system capable of adapting to future missions requiring new tracking and coverage approaches," Lockheed Missions Systems and Training vice president Steve Bruce said. After construction and on-site testing, The Space Fence is expected to be fully operational by the end of 2018. 'Alien' Fish Monsters Rain From Sky	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16838
__label__wiki	0.887452	0.887452	Who’s Bad: The Ultimate Michael Jackson Tribute Band Home / Events / Who’s Bad: The Ultimate Michael Jackson Tribute Band Jun 14th 2019 8:00 pm $18-$35 Website 610-332-3378 Musikfest Cafe presented by Yuengling Date(s) - Jun 14th 2019 Doors and Dinner: 6:30 p.m. \| Show: 8 p.m. $10 minimum Food and Beverage for all reserved seating. Artist Website: whosbadmusic.com Facebook: Click Here \| Twitter: @whosbadmusic \| Instagram: @whosbadmusic Who’s Bad’s live performance is an unrivaled celebration of pop music’s one true King. Their power-packed performance of Michael Jackson’s expansive catalog has ignited crowds on every continent and can only be described as a jaw-dropping, musical must-see. As the longest-running Michael Jackson tribute band, and the only one to predate his untimely passing, Who’s Bad has awed even the skeptics, selling out nearly 50 venues in the United Kingdom including London’s O2 in December of 2010, the venue where the King of Pop was slated to end his career with a 50-show “This Is It” concert series. Beyond this unparalleled achievement, Who’s Bad has checked some of the world’s most famous pavilions off their ‘to-do’ list, selling out their first tour of China with stops at Ningbo’s Grand Theatre and Hunan Grand Theatre in Chengsha. Never neglecting Michael’s U.S. fans, Who’s Bad has packed The House of Blues in Houston, Dallas, and New Orleans; rocked DC’s 930 Club and returned to their native Chapel Hill, NC boasting larger, more eagerly-awaited performances with every romp around the globe. Sold-out shows from Colorado’s Bluebird Theatre and LA’s Gibson Amphitheatre and Romania’s Sala Palatalui to Teatro do Bourbon Country (Porto Alegre, Brazil) tell the story: no corner of the earth is safe from this infectious party production. Who’s Bad has earned its name by paying studious attention to Michael Jackson’s every original groove and gravity-defying dance move, boasting over 100 years of professional experience and a team of dancers with resumes that include Broadway productions such as Phantom of the Opera. Vamsi Tadepalli (Who’s Bad founder, composer, and saxophonist) assembled a cast of North Carolina’s premiere musicians and, from Who’s Bad’s inception, believed in the band’s boundless possibilities. The velvety vocals and pinpoint choreography of frontmen Joseph Bell and Taalib York’s combined with the six-piece band’s synchronized dance routines, blaring horns and down-deep rhythms, results in a performance delivered with soul and precision superseded by no one but the King himself. They’ve shared stages with the Queen of Soul, Aretha Franklin, The Backstreet Boys, The Four Tops, Boys II Men, and hip hop superstar, Pitbull. Captivated fans include LIVENATION’s Anthony Nicolaidis who calls Who’s Bad, “the real deal,” and Michael Jackson’s longtime friend and manager Frank DiLeo who proclaimed after Who’s Bad show in Nashville, TN, “the show was great….Michael would have been proud!” Whether you idolized the Jackson 5, fell in love to Human Nature, or learned to moonwalk to Billie Jean, Who’s Bad is THE ULTIMATE music-and-dance driven Michael Jackson homage. This band of professionals relentlessly elevate the legacy of pop music’s King, always pushing themselves to be more precise, to raise the level of excitement and awe, while embodying Michael Jackson’s mission to bring people together of all races, genders, and cultures through music. As the curtain opens on a Who’s Bad performance, every MJ fan feels the adrenaline, screams at the sight of that unmistakable silhouette, and succumbs to a surefire Michael Jackson sing-along. The energy is purely magnetic, the musicianship is first-rate, the dance moves deftly inspired. Who’s Bad is a tribute befitting a King and their high-octane execution of MJ’s music and dance has catapulted them to the exclusive rank of Ultimate!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16843
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The California... Immigration service required from merine ritter in ANAHEIM (California, 06-03-2014) Can you please send me your email i will send you more details. I NEED MARINE RITTERS DETAIL ONLY Thanks Uday shah - Civil lawyer and a business lawyer in Sacramento (California, 14-01-2013) Quotes Attorney, Lawyers in California Images and pictures of Attorneys/Lawyers in Cotati	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16845
__label__wiki	0.639229	0.639229	Bishop Eirinaios Museum in Kissamos A museum for bishop Eirinaios Galanakis in Kissamos A new museum has opened in Kissamos in western Crete earlier this year. The museum is dedicated to the former Metropolitan Bishop of Kissamos, Eirinaios Galanakis, also known as the Grandfather of the Orthodox Religion. The Eirinaios’ museum was inaugurated by the Patriarch Bartholomaios from Constantinople. The museum is located in downtown Kissamos (Kastelli) and it was established to promote and spotlight the vast offerings and services of the former bishop. The chairman of the Association for the designation of Eirinaios’ services, Dimitris Kyritsakis, has denoted that there are still many things that need to be added and ameliorated in the museum, but this is a great start in order to inform the people about the charitable work and provision of Eirinaios in the region. In the museum, visitors can see many personal items of Eirinaios, such as canonicals, clerical clothes, books, even his bed, as well as a rich selection of pictures from his early youth to his late years. There are also videos with personal moments of this great for Kastelli man. During the inauguration of the museum, Mr Kyritsakis referred to the multilayered work of Eirinaios, reminding that he served the region for almost half a century. Mr Kyritsakis referred to the Bishop as a bright, enlightened person who has offered great help to his people, assisting them in their difficult moments, encouraging education and culture, and of course love for God and the Church. Everyone who happened to get to know Eirinaios has something to remember for this great man, including his warm words and speeches for love, community, solidarity and peace for all people. In Eirinaios’ case, it was not only about words though, according to Mr Kyritsakis. There are numerous charitable associations and foundations, established under his assistance and surveillance. There have been schools established by him, offering young people to learn arts and crafts, and schools for disabled or people with special needs. There are several examples of the practical help he has offered to his fellow citizens and his country. A short biography for Bishop Eirinaios Galanakis Eirinaios Galanakis was born in 1911 in Nerohori Apokoronou in Crete, and was named Michail. He studied at the Theological School of the University of Athens and he worked as a teacher in high schools in Chania prefecture. In 1943 he was arrested by the German forces in Greece, due to his speeches for resistance and freedom at the Church mass, but was saved by the Bishop of Apokoronas. In 1946 he was consecrated a deacon and received the name Eirinaios and in 1957 he became Metropolitan Bishop of Kissamos (or Kastelli Kissamou, as the town is also known). His bright mind, his love for arts and culture worked like a lighthouse in the region, encouraging people to be educated and well nurtured. He established numerous foundations and philanthropic associations, schools and craft academies, cultural associations and many more clubs and benefit societies. His writing chare has also been significant and impressive. Eirinaios Galanakis and Mikis Theodorakis From 1972-1980 Eirinaios Galanakis undertook a mission to re-establish and rejuvenate the Archbishopy in Germany, thus he worked in this country, establishing new Orthodox Churches and Archbishopies in Bonne and other regions and published a monthly journal for the Greek immigrants in Germany. He also managed to introduce Greek Theology in German Universities, and assisted the Greek workers and immigrants in Germany both spiritually and practically. In 1981 he returned to Crete to continue his work and deeds there until 2005 when he resigned due to advanced age. Dermatos beach in Crete at risk	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16848
__label__cc	0.543835	0.456165	U.S. Targets Motorcycles In EU Trade Wars Jean Turner \| April 17, 2019 Trade tensions are heating up with the European Union regarding the ongoing dispute between aircraft manufacturer subsidies, and the Trump Administration has responded with $11 billion in retaliatory EU tariffs which includes 100% duties on motorcycles parts and accessories. What could these EU motorcycle tariffs mean for the industry? Is the price of a 690 Adventure about to double? Proposed EU motorcycle tariffs are threatening a 100% duty on the 500-700cc segment, along with European motorcycle parts and accessories. Trade wars are heating up, and once again, motorcycles are caught in the crosshairs. This time it’s trade tensions with the European Union, and the United States’ response to the ongoing dispute between aircraft manufacturer subsidies, with EU’s Airbus in one corner, and American rival Boeing in the other—a 14-year-old quarrel that the World Trade Organization is struggling to litigate. The Trump Administration has decided “the time has come for action,” and has laid down a proposed $11 billion in EU tariffs. The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) revealed a list of products on April 8 that would be hit by retaliatory duties, which includes mostly cheeses, wine, airplane parts, and also motorcycles 500-700cc, as well as “parts and accessories for motorcycles (including mopeds).” (HTS subheadings 8711.40.30 and 8714.10.00) The proposed 100% tariff could have significant consequences for European-based motorcycle manufacturers, including KTM AG. The Austrian-based manufacturer, home to KTM and Husqvarna Motorcycles, currently produces nine motorcycles that would fall into the affected category, with multiple models based on the 510cc and 690cc platforms. Representatives from KTM are currently working with members in DC to get the motorcycles and motorcycle accessories off the list. While not a lot of European motorcycles fall into the oddly targeted range of 500-700cc, the parts and accessories line item of the EU motorcycle tariffs could have much more far-reaching consequences for European motorcycle manufacturers including Ducati, BMW, Triumph and Vespa. The EU motorcycle tariff issue already has the attention of the Motorcycle Industry Association (MCIA) in the UK. In an April 12 statement, the MCIA announced it is working with the British government to address the issue: “The U.S. Government have announced that they will likely introduce a 100% tariff on a number of imports from the EU, which will have a direct impact on several product groups from our industry. Please be aware that we are working closely with the UK Government and had already scheduled a meeting with the Minister for early May.” As of now, the product list is “preliminary” and is open to public comment. The U.S. International Trade Commission will have a hearing in DC on May 15 before finalizing the list, which the U.S. aims to total $11 billion per year, directly countering the exact amount of damage it claims comes from the EU aircraft subsidies. “This case has been in litigation for 14 years, and the time has come for action,” said U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer in the USTR April 8 announcement. “Our ultimate goal is to reach an agreement with the EU to end all WTO-inconsistent subsidies to large civil aircraft. When the EU ends these harmful subsidies, the additional U.S. duties imposed in response can be lifted.” More on this EU motorcycle tariff story as it develops. Click here to read this in the Cycle News Digital Edition Magazine. Jean Turner \| Contributor A former staffer at Cycle News, Turner continues to contribute to the website and magazine as a columnist and someone we can count on to whip up a few thousand words on an off-road race when needed. Chevron Techron Protection Plus Powersports & Small Engine Fuel System Treatment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16851
__label__wiki	0.895664	0.895664	Home » Actors on Acting » Johnny Depp on Transforming Himself for ‘Black Mass’ Johnny Depp on Transforming Himself for ‘Black Mass’ By Chris McKittrick September 9, 2015 No Comments “I think that an actor has some degree of responsibility with regard to their audience to change—to give them something different, to give them something new” – Johnny Depp While Johnny Depp has been known for transforming himself throughout his career, in recent years most of those transformations involved playing a character under heavy white makeup and/or riffing on his performance as Captain Jack Sparrow. Because of that, Depp portraying real-life Boston gangster Whitey Bulger in the upcoming Black Mass is being welcomed as one of Depp’s more intricate performances in the past decade. In an interview with The Daily Beast, Depp spoke about becoming Bulger and why the convicted murderer wouldn’t meet with him and why he has been so dedicated to transforming himself in his roles. Depp explains that it was essential that he looked like Bulger in the film, right down to eye color. He says, “It was very, very important to look as much like Jimmy Bulger as humanly possible. My eyeballs are black as the ace of spades, so clearly the blue contacts… they were hand-painted because they needed to be piercing, they needed to cut right through you.” As for portraying the crime boss’ personality, Depp says that while he did utilize “FBI surveillance” footage and “a couple of tapes,” most of it came from inside, adding, “It was really just shooting from the hip with Bulger.” Depp reveals that he did try to meet with Bulger, who is currently serving two life sentences in a Florida prison, but the real-life subject passed. Depp says, “I asked to meet James Bulger through his attorney, Jay Carney, and—as expected—I knew this wouldn’t happen, Bulger respectfully declined because I don’t believe he was a great fan of the book Black Mass. I also don’t believe he was a great fan of any of the books written about him. But Jay Carney was very helpful to me in finding James Bulger. First and foremost, he said, ‘I ain’t gonna say nothin’ that Jimmy wouldn’t want me to say. I will say this, and I’ll say this, but I won’t say anything over here.’ But Jay came to the set a couple of times and watched, and he gave me a lot of confidence because he said he could feel his old friend in what I was doing, which was a very high compliment. Immersing himself into roles has been important for Depp ever since he starred on TV’s 21 Jump Street. He reveals, “I was stuck in a TV series that was—you know, not to bite the hand that fed me, it put me on the map, so to speak—but it was very frustrating because you realize you end up saying more of someone else’s words in the span of a year than you get to say your own, especially when they’re badly-written words. My heroes were John Barrymore, Lon Chaney Sr., and certainly Marlon Brando, Timothy Carey, John Garfield, all of these guys who would transform. So I suppose it was just an obsession; I always wanted to try to be a character actor more than the ‘poster boy’ they tried to make me more than a hundred years ago. Aside from what it does for me, I think that an actor has some degree of responsibility with regard to their audience to change—to give them something different, to give them something new—each time.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16862
__label__wiki	0.97481	0.97481	Jail video offers few answers on inmate death PORTSMOUTH, Va. (AP) — One year later, many questions loom about how a mentally ill man accused of stealing $5 worth of junk food died behind bars in Virginia. Security footage retained by the jail is unlikely to provide answers. The Hampton Roads Regional Jail allowed an Associated Press reporter on Thursday to watch footage captured outside the cell where Jamycheal Mitchell died last August. But the video shows only 11 ½ hours, including the time leading to jail officials' realization that something was wrong with the 24-year-old and their response. It is unclear whether any previous footage remains intact. And the footage viewed by a reporter fails to answer key questions about Mitchell's treatment, including whether he was being fed and checked on regularly by medical staff. Mitchell was jailed in April 2015 on charges he stole a Mountain Dew, a Snickers bar and a Zebra Cake from a 7-Eleven in Portsmouth. He was ordered to a state mental hospital, but his paperwork was stuffed in a hospital employee's desk drawer and he was never sent there. He died about four months later of heart failure accompanied by severe weight loss, a medical examiner said. Mitchell's family filed a $60 million lawsuit accusing jail officials of physically abusing Mitchell and withholding food. The jail has said officials never mistreated or ignored Mitchell, claiming he was offered nearly 300 meals during his stay and received all but three meal trays because he refused them. Advocates have hoped Mitchell's death will spur much-needed change in Virginia, which lags behind much of the country in general-fund spending on behavioral health care. The Portsmouth NAACP has called on officials to release the video, saying in a recent statement that the jail's refusal "just further heightens the level of distrust and frustration." Mark Krudys, an attorney for Mitchell's family, said he couldn't comment on the video because neither he nor the family has seen it. But he criticized the jail for not preserving more of the footage, noting he asked Superintendent David Simons in a letter last September to preserve all video and other records concerning Mitchell. "The failure to preserve the videotape evidence — evidence that the family requested in writing be preserved — is very troubling," Krudys said Friday. He said Mitchell's family and others will hold a vigil outside the jail Friday evening to mark the one-year anniversary of his death. Officials at the Hampton Roads Regional Jail initially said the footage captured outside Mitchell's cell had been recorded over. The jail recently changed course in court documents, but didn't say how much video was retained and refused to provide a copy to media outlets, including the AP. Simons allowed an AP reporter to view the roughly 11 1/2 hour video at the facility, but he refused to discuss it. The video, which is blurry and difficult to see clearly, begins at 11 p.m. on Aug. 18, 2015. At several points during the night, a trainee and jail officer walk through the unit, passing by Mitchell's cell, which has a steel door and small window. Around 4 a.m. Aug. 19, the lights in the cells go on. A half hour later, inmates begin passing out breakfast through the small slots in the cell doors. Around 4:45 a.m., what appear to be several jail officers gather around Mitchell's cell and peer through the window. Shortly afterward, they enter the cell. Minutes later, medical staff arrives, followed by paramedics. The paramedics leave without Mitchell. Around 5:10 a.m., medical staff and jail officers leave the cell and disappear from view. Mitchell's body remains in the cell until shortly after 9 a.m., when it's placed on a gurney, covered by what appears to be a blue blanket and is wheeled away. Simons said he could not discuss why the jail initially said the footage was recorded over or why it didn't retain more footage. A jail official told The Richmond Times Dispatch in May that it only saves video "when there's something significant we need to review." Jeff Rosen, an attorney for the jail, didn't immediately return a message left at his office on Friday. Follow Alanna Durkin Richer on Twitter at https://twitter.com/aedurkinricher. Her work can be found at http://bigstory.ap.org/journalist/alanna-durkin-richer.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16863
__label__cc	0.560567	0.439433	Public Agency Law The Humboldt Environment A unique perspective on how laws affect our daily lives in Northern California Cyndy Day-Wilson Native Americans Right to Hunt Backed by US Supreme Court The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the hunting rights of a Native American tribe survived U.S. expansion into the West. In Herrera v. Wyoming, the the High Court voted 5-4 in saying the Crow tribe's rights did not expire when Wyoming became part of the United States in 1890. The controversy started when Clayvin Herrera, a Crow tribe member, and fellow Crow members were hunting on their reservation in Montana. They followed elk that had crossed into the forest of neighboring Wyoming. They shot three elk and took the meat back to the reservation. Herrera was then convicted for hunting violations in the Bighorn National Forest. He claimed a right to hunt there pursuant to an 1868 treaty between the tribe and the federal government. Wyoming argued, however, that the right expired upon statehood. In the 1868 treaty, the tribe had ceded over 30 million acres to the U.S. In exchange, the federal government, as part of that treaty, said the tribe "shall have the right to hunt on unoccupied lands of the United States so long as game may be found thereon, and as long as peace subsists among the whites and the Indians on the borders of the hunting districts." Ruling for Herrera, the Supreme Court noted that the Crow had inhabited the land for more than three centuries and under the treaty had the right to hunt in the Bighorn National Forest. The decision also marked the second time that Justice Neil Gorsuch has voted for tribal rights in close decisions. Cities Beware: "Chalking" of Parked Cars Violates Fourth Amendment According to 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals SIXTH CIRCUIT ERASES “CHALKING” OF PARKED CARS It’s not often that a dispute over parking tickets ends up in federal court. But that’s exactly what happened this week in Taylor v. City of Saginaw. Taylor involved a challenge to “a common parking enforcement practice known as ‘chalking,’ whereby City parking enforcement officers use chalk to mark the tires of parked vehicles to track how long they have been parked.” This practice is used by many jurisidictions and is generally known to be effective for identifying those that stay too long in their spot. But it is apparently very effective in Saginaw, Michigan. After receiving a slew of parking tickets, Ms. Taylor filed suit in federal court, alleging that the City violated the Fourth Amendment by chalking her tires without her consent or a valid warrant. The Sixth Circuit agreed, relying upon the Supreme Court’s recent decision in United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. 400 (2012), to hold that chalking constitutes an unreasonable trespass upon a constitutionally-protected area (your car). At first blush, chalking a car’s tires may not seem like the type of “search” typically raising Fourth Amendment concerns. But as Judge Donald explained, Jones signaled a rebirth of “the seldom used ‘property-based’ approach to the Fourth Amendment search inquiry,” which focuses on physical intrusion to one’s property: Under Jones, when governmental intrusions are accompanied by physical intrusions, a search occurs when the government: (1) trespasses upon a constitutionally protected area, (2) to obtain information. In the Court’s view, chalking satisfied both of these requirements: the officer came into contact with Ms. Taylor’s car, in an attempt to obtain information about her (whether she remained in her parking spot too long). The Court held that the search was unreasonable because the car was parked legally when chalked, and the officer lacked any reasonable suspicion (let alone probable cause) that a crime had been committed. The Court also specifically rejected the City’s assertion of the “community caretaker” exception, explaining that “the purpose of chalking is to raise revenue, and not to mitigate [a] public hazard.” Agriculture, Cannabis New Cannabis Water Regulations for California Farmers INTENSE REGULATION OF CANNABIS CONTINUES AS STATE WATER RESOURCES BOARD ADOPTS A “ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL” APPROACH TO WATER SUPPLIES USED FOR IRRIGATION Are other agricultural crops in danger of new regulations as well? Tagged: Water Resources Agriculture: Are Stockponds Considered a Water Diversion? WATER DIVERSION REGULATIONS IMPACTING FARMERS AND CATTLEMEN Water rights are certainly something that most agricultural operators spend a significant amount of time grappling with due to SB 88 passed in 2015. SB88, among other things, requires that all water diversions in the state over 10 acre-feet install measuring devices to accurately measure the rate and amount of diversion… Travels Abroad: Cannabis Laws in Amsterdam HOW DO CANNABIS LAWS IN AMSTERDAM COMPARE TO LAWS IN CALIFORNIA? Many of you may be surprised to hear that cannabis is actually illegal in the Netherlands. What? I thought it was legal to smoke marijuana in Holland? Energy & Environment: Windmills off Eureka's coast WINDMILL PROPOSAL OFF THE COAST OF EUREKA. The world’s first commercial floating wind farm – generating 30 MW – just opened in October 2017, off the coast of Scotland… Tagged: Travel, Humboldt, Water Quality Thank you for subscribing to DW Law. Please check your inbox to confirm your subscription. DW LAW cdaywilson@daywilsonlaw.com 628 H Street, Eureka, Ca 95501 ©2018 DW LAW \| Website Design: Laylaann.co	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16867
__label__cc	0.728519	0.271481	DK Revolution Why Mirrorless Cameras Are Great for Street, Candid, and Shy Photographers Posted By: September 25, 2018 What Is Mirrorless? It wasn’t long ago that you’d have to spend thousands of dollars on a digital Leica if you wanted SLR performance in a small package. Then came Olympus and Panasonic with their micro-four-thirds (m43) system, which offered interchangeable lenses and a better sensor than those typically found in similarly-sized cameras. This brought high-quality compact digital photography to the masses, but early cameras lacked in the autofocus and overall quality department compared to their chunkier SLR counterparts. Samsung had a crack with the NX mount, before Sony introduced its NEX cameras which used the brand new E-mount. It wasn’t long before Nikon, Pentax, Fujifilm and Canon all had mirrorless cameras on the market, each with their own new smaller mounts. None have been as successful as Sony however, who are the first company to offer affordable full-frame (35mm equivalent) mirrorless cameras in the form of the FE mount. The term “mirrorless” is pretty self-explanatory. While traditional SLRs (both film and digital) use an optical viewfinder to provide a through-the-lens look at what you’re shooting, mirrorless cameras do not. On a traditional SLR, the mirror sits in front of the sensor and moves out of the way when you squeeze the shutter. On a mirrorless camera, there’s no mirror, no pentaprism, and no true optical viewfinder taking up additional space That’s why the main advantage of a mirrorless system is their size. Without the need for mirrors and viewfinders, cameras can be much smaller, while still providing great sensors and modular advantages like interchangeable lenses and accessories. Lenses can be mounted much closer to the camera, which means even the lenses themselves can be made smaller without sacrificing quality. This is especially true when you consider that most mirrorless cameras on the market at the moment don’t use a full frame sensor, and thus require a smaller field of view. With an SLR-quality sensor, high-quality glass, and recent leaps forward in autofocus performance, mirrorless cameras can often match their larger SLR counterparts in terms of raw performance. In some areas, mirrorless cameras surpass their SLR counterparts as is the case with Sony’s dedication to delivering excellent video capabilities on even its cheapest offerings — an area where some digital SLR manufacturers have fallen behind. Of course, it’s not all roses. Digital SLRs still account for the lion’s share of sales as they can be manufactured cheaply, they’re an established technology with mature interchangeable lens systems, and they still offer tangible benefits to pro-level photographers with very deep pockets. Mirrorless cameras haven’t been around for very long by comparison, and a dearth of lenses is certainly one of the biggest drawbacks. They’re also slow to startup compared to SLRs, most of which feature startup times of less than half a second. Battery life is another boon, as SLRs are more power efficient particularly when electronic viewfinders are accounted for. But the gap is closing with the latest advancements, and I’m talking about Sony’s A6300 which signals a very bright future indeed. I’ve been blown away by the exceptional image quality and incredible autofocus performance delivered in such a small package. For Discreet Applications Aside from the overall impressive performance, the A6300 felt like a breath of fresh air compared to shooting with one of my (admittedly old) larger SLRs. Above all else, a mirrorless camera will make you feel less conspicuous, especially if you’re used to shooting on something much larger. You simply don’t stand out as much by virtue of the smaller camera, and I’d even go as far to say that you seem less “threatening” to potential subjects. This is especially true if you can master shooting from the hip using a tilting LCD screen. For street photography, this matters. As someone who’s always been a bit shy when it comes to pointing a camera in people’s faces, a smaller and more discreet camera allowed me to get closer and push myself further than an SLR ever has. The amazing thing is that modern mirrorless cameras don’t require you to sacrifice image quality — I’ve been shooting 24.2 megapixel images in RAW format and the excellent low-light performance and 425 points of autofocus on the A6300 allowed me to trust the camera completely. According to street photographer Eric Kim: …for street photography you want the smallest, most compact, and inconspicuous camera (that you can always carry with you). I find that with other digital cameras, you end up never carrying them with you 24/7, simply because they are too big. This hits upon another important point: I’ve been picking up the Sony and throwing it in my bag purely because it’s small and light. This is not the same as shooting with an SLR — you either have to settle for a camera bag, or look like Flavor Flav if you go the neck strap route. Given the compact nature of a mirrorless camera, this sort of setup is about as compact as you want it to be. While standard kit lenses (think 16–50mm, 18–55mm, and so on) generally take up more pocket space than you might like, smaller “pancake” lenses like Sony’s 20mm f/2.8 prime are about as small as you can get, and the crop factor of 1.5x on an APS-C sensor (or 2x on an m43) delivers an effective focal length of 30mm. No mirror means less moving parts, which results in a quieter operation. This is great for candid photography, whether you’re shooting in the street or trying to remain invisible among friends or family. One improvement of Sony A6300 over the previous A6000 is the addition of silent shutter mode — though this isn’t exclusive to mirrorless cameras, and the feature has found its way into digital SLRs over the past few years. Ditching the Mirror There are a few things to keep in mind if you’re thinking of ditching your traditional SLR. Many of these systems are young, and that means the number of lenses available is low compared to established photo systems from Nikon or Canon. You’re going to have to build up your lens collection again, and much of the time you’ll be stuck with first party lenses which — while generally of good quality — are more expensive. You may also be wondering if that SLR you’ve had your eye on is actually worth the heft and extra money. At present, SLRs are still more capable cameras. They’ve got far more focal lengths to choose from (especially for sports and wildlife photographers), and they have massive buffers allowing you to shoot large bursts of RAW files (which will put even the latest mirrorless cameras to shame). They have better battery life, and many of them now come with full frame sensors. Sure you can get a full-frame Sony A7 series mirrorless, but you could snag a full frame Canon or Nikon for the same price. Aforementioned street photographer Eric Kim notes that “ultimately capturing the moment, emotion, and feeling of a scene is more important than how many pixels or how sharp it is.” This could apply to a whole manner of photographic applications, but it’s especially true for street photographers and anyone who wants to get into candid photography. Kim’s top pick for a dedicated street camera is the Richoh GR-II, a compact camera with a fixed lens and an APS-C sensor that retails for around $700. Considering the flexibility offered by an interchangeable system, Sony’s A6000 is cheaper and ultimately more versatile. The newer A6300 has a groundbreaking autofocus system and full silent shooting for around $1,150 with a kit lens. These are easily two of the best mirrorless cameras on the market in terms of value for money, raw performance, and overall size — so be sure to check them out if you’re planning your next move as a photographer. Be the first to comment on "Why Mirrorless Cameras Are Great for Street, Candid, and Shy Photographers" DK Revolution is a global, multi-platform media and entertainment company. Powered by its own proprietary technology, DK Revolution is the go-to source for tech, digital culture and entertainment content for its dedicated and influential audience around the globe. How and Why to Make Your Own Camera Rig 8 Tips You Should Know Before Buying Your Next Digital Camera How to Fix Camera Shake in Photoshop Using a Simple Filter 10 iPhone Camera Tips for Better Professional-Looking Photos Privacy Policy / Terms of Services / Contact us / About	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16871
__label__wiki	0.639434	0.639434	Contest: Win a Pair of Passes to See Beautiful: The Carole King Musical at the National Theatre We're giving away a pair of tickets to see Beautiful: The Carole King Musical at the National Theatre on Tuesday, November 27th at 7:30 PM. All you have to do (to win) is fill out the form below before Thursday, November 1st at 11:59 PM, and we'll select one lucky winner to attend the show. Said winner will be notified by e-mail, and can collect their tickets at Will Call. Good luck! Beautiful: The Carole King Musical tells the inspiring true story of King’s remarkable rise to stardom, from being part of a hit songwriting team with her husband Gerry Goffin, to her relationship with fellow writers and best friends Cynthia Weil and Barry Mann, to becoming one of the most successful solo acts in popular music history. Along the way, she made more than beautiful music, she wrote the soundtrack to a generation. Featuring a stunning array of beloved songs written by Gerry Goffin/Carole King and Barry Mann/Cynthia Weil, including “I Feel The Earth Move,” “One Fine Day,” “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman,” “You’ve Got A Friend” and the title song, Beautiful: The Carole King Musical has a book by Tony Award-nominee and Academy Award-nominated writer Douglas McGrath, direction by Marc Bruni, choreography by Josh Prince, and took home two 2014 Tony Awards and a 2015 Grammy Award. The cast features Sarah Bockel (Carole King), Dylan S. Wallach (Gerry Goffin), Alison Whitehurst (Cynthia Weil), Jacob Heimer (Barry Mann), James Clow (Don Kirshner) and Suzanne Grodner (Genie Klein.) The ensemble includes McKynleigh Alden Abraham, Ben Biggers, John Michael Dias, Leandra Ellis-Gaston, Kaylee Harwood, Willie Hill, Alia Hodge, James Michael Lambert, Marla Louissaint, Dimitri Joseph Moïse, Aashley Morgan, Deon Releford-Lee, Nathan Andrew Riley, Paul Scanlan, DeAnne Stewart, Michael Stiggers, Jr., Alexis Tidwell, and Elise Vannerson. Appropriate for the entire family, but very young children won’t be interested in the 1950s-era biography. The show is best for pop music lovers age 10 and up. Tuesday, November 27 - Sunday, December 30, 2018 For more information on Beautiful: The Carole King Musical (and/or to purchase tickets) click here. Labels: Arts, Contests Location: 1321 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16875
__label__cc	0.583307	0.416693	Paonia woman needs a hero with a kidney Published: Published September 23, 2015 Paonia to consider regs on short-term rentals RAM Clinic to provide free medical services Clark Ave. subdivision continued to July 23 Paonia considers zoning regs for formula businesses Documentary showing July 22 BMW rally returns to Paonia Town Park Masa Holle Masa Holle, a resident of Paonia, is badly in need of a kidney. Holle, 62, is a Naropa grad with a successful counseling practice. According to Liz Payton, a friend of Holle's from Boulder, Masa has kidney failure of unknown origin. She was recently placed on the deceased donor wait list, along with 100,000 other people. The average wait time for a kidney from a deceased donor is 3-5 years. While she waits, she will have to go on life support via dialysis. Anyone who has been on dialysis will tell you that it is no way to live. Many don't survive the wait -- 12 people die each day while waiting for a transplant. "Masa is a kind, funny, bright and generous person who has devoted much of her life to caring for others, particularly youth and women in crisis," Payton said. She has volunteered countless hours at women's resource centers both in Boulder and on the Western Slope. She became her nephew's guardian when he was 11 and raised him in Boulder when his own parents couldn't. She continues to work with youth through a local program that matches a volunteer mentor with a young person trying to pursue a career in the arts. She has served hundreds of long nights on crisis hotlines and provides pro bono counseling services to low income clients through her practice. Her best chances of survival are if she receives a kidney donation from a living donor. With living kidney donation, one of a donor's two kidneys is removed laparoscopically and transplanted into a waiting recipient. The donor spends a couple of days in the hospital and then a few weeks recovering at home. "What's it really like to donate a kidney?" Payton asks. "Please feel free to ask my husband, Roger, who donated a kidney on my behalf. Or ask David in Toledo, who donated a kidney directly to me so that his friend could receive a lifesaving kidney from Roger. Either of these kidney donors would be happy to talk to you. Almost three years later, Roger is doing fine and living a normal life, riding his bike to work, hiking with our dog, and being a dad to our two kids. David has not slowed down at all -- he competes nationally in speed golf. These guys are my heroes. "Masa desperately needs a hero, too. Having been the one who cares for others for so long, she finds it difficult to reach out on her own behalf. That's why I hope you will consider kidney donation to save a life. You don't have to be a blood type match to help her. If your blood type does not match Masa's, it might match another waiting recipient who has a partner who is a match for Masa. To inquire about living kidney donation, please call the University of Colorado Transplant team's living donor coordinator at 720-848-0855. Let them know that you're calling for patient Masa Holle. They will answer your questions and keep your information confidential. For more information, visit https://www.uchealth.org/Pages/ Services/Transplant- Services/Kidney-Transplant/Living-Kidney-Donation.aspx or National Kidney Foundation, https://www.kidney.org/transplantation/living donors. Masa's Facebook page can be found at https://www.facebook.com/kidneydonor4masaholle. Paonia, People In The News	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16876
__label__wiki	0.666748	0.666748	The UK Government Now Working With NASA On The UAS Traffic Management (UTM) System Home/Drones/Drone Law/The UK Government Now Working With NASA On The UAS Traffic Management (UTM) System I’ve reported before about NASA taking a leading role in the development of the new UAS Traffic Management (UTM) System, now the UK government is getting involved. This is positive news for the global drone industry, NASA is already working with the US government and a number of major US companies including Google, Amazon and Verizon. Adding the UK into the mix will make the planned UTM system even more universal. The UK government is working with NASA to build a tracking system for civilian drones. A potential system could involve commercial drone pilots having to enter their details into an online database that holds information about their flights below 500ft. Lord Ahmad Tariq, the Under Secretary of State for Transport, confirmed in the House of Lords that the government was having discussions with the American space agency and wanted to help trial any systems that are produced. “The Government are in early discussions with NASA about the drone traffic management system,” he said. NASA and the UK Work Together on Drone Traffic System By Sam Estrin\|2017-08-31T15:24:18+00:00September 28th, 2015\|Drone Law, Drones\|Comments Off on The UK Government Now Working With NASA On The UAS Traffic Management (UTM) System	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16879
__label__wiki	0.956593	0.956593	Syria Rejects US Demand Over Iran MOSCOW (AP) -- Syria on Wednesday dismissed American calls for the withdrawal of Iranian troops and Lebanese Hezbollah militants from the war-torn country. Syrian Deputy Foreign Minister Faisal Mikdad told Russia's Sputnik news agency "this topic is not even on the agenda of discussion, since it concerns the sovereignty of Syria." U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo issued a list of demands this week for a new nuclear deal with Iran, including the pullout of its forces from Syria, where they have provided crucial support to President Bashar Assad's government. Russia is also a key ally of Assad, and has been waging an air campaign in Syria since 2015. Mikdad said in Wednesday's remarks that Syria "highly appreciates" Russia's military support as well as "advisers" from Iran and Hezbollah. He added that "we cannot let anyone even raise this issue" of the Iranian withdrawal. "Those who ask for something like that — and this is definitely not our Russian friends — are considering the possibility of intervention in all parts of Syria, including the support of terrorists in Syria and elsewhere in the region," Mikdad said. At a meeting with Assad, who visited Sochi last week, Russian President Vladimir Putin noted that a political settlement in Syria should encourage foreign countries to withdraw their troops. Putin's envoy for Syria, Alexander Lavrentyev, later commented that the Russian leader's statement was aimed at the U.S. and Turkey along with Iran and Hezbollah. It marked a rare instance in which Moscow suggested Iran should not maintain a permanent military presence in the country. Russia has argued that its troops have deployed at the Syrian government's invitation, while the military presence of the U.S. and others has been illegal. Lavrentyev's statement appeared to reflect a difficult balancing act for the Kremlin, which hopes to maintain good relations with both Iran and Israel. Israel has warned it will not accept a permanent Iranian military presence in Syria, and Israel struck a number of Iranian targets there earlier this month after what it said was a cross-border Iranian missile attack. During the talks with Assad, Putin also encouraged him to send representatives to a commission in Geneva that would work out proposals for Syria's new constitution as part of a peace process. Mikdad said, however, that Damascus isn't ready yet to nominate its candidates to the body. "It is too early to speak about (candidates), but there are many people who are able to represent Syria and the Syrian government in these talks," he said.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16882
__label__wiki	0.988411	0.988411	U of Minnesota names Joan Gabel as first female president Ben Franske [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons Ben Unglesbee @Ben_Unglesbee UPDATE: December 20, 2018: The University of Minnesota Board of Regents this week appointed Joan Gabel as its 17th president by a unanimous vote and approved a five-year contract, according to a press release. Gabel, currently provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at the University of South Carolina, is set to begin at U of Minnesota in July 2019. She is the first woman to serve as president of the 167-year-old university. She will earn an annual salary of $640,000, more than current President Eric Kaler's $625,250, according to the Star Tribune. U of Minnesota's Board of Regents narrowed the search for a new president to a lone finalist, Joan Gabel, currently the provost of the University of South Carolina. If chosen, Gabel would be the first female president in the university's history, according to the Star Tribune. The board voted 11 to 1 to name Gabel as the finalist after "considerable discussion" of three candidates and others in a pool of 67 applicants, according to a university press release. Two other candidates remain in the pool but didn't want to be named publicly until they were named as finalists. Gabel is expected to visit the campus Dec. 14 for interviews with the board, after which it will vote on her appointment if it "is confident she will succeed as our next president," Board of Regents Chair David McMillan said in a statement. Amid enrollment declines, the number of applicants for the president spot this year were fewer than half of what they were when the position was previously open, in 2010. Gabel is set to make the rounds of the five U of Minnesota campuses this week to interview for a job that far fewer people want today compared to nearly a decade ago. She currently oversees graduate and undergraduate academic programs at USC's Columbia campus. Previously she was dean of the University of Missouri's Trulaske College of Business, following several years as a faculty member and in various faculty leadership roles at Florida State University and Georgia State University. Board Regent Abdul Omari, who chaired the presidential search committee, told the Star Tribune the time was right for a woman to lead the university. "First and foremost, we're looking for a certain energy, and she had a high level of energy," Omari was quoted as saying in another publication, Minnesota Daily. "It was an easy decision to name her a finalist." Joan Gabel Meanwhile, Regent Darrin Rosha, the lone vote against naming Gabel as the only finalist, expressed concern in bringing in only one candidate for the final interview phase. The last time around, the open president spot drew in 150 interested applicants. That was eight years ago. Since then, U of Minnesota has had its share of challenges, including a roughly 25% drop in out-of-state students, which is largely attributed to tuition increases of around 15%. State legislators earlier proposed a considerably lower salary for the university's new president, in part to signal to students and families that they weren't alone in bearing the costs of higher education. Figures kicked around earlier this year would have cut the new president's salary potentially by half or more compared to the previous president's. In October, before any candidate identities were known, a faculty senate leader in the U of Minnesota system questioned the message it would send to offer significantly lower pay should the regents hire the university's first female president, according a Star Tribune report from the time. With Gabel as the lone candidate, that now appears quite possible. The university's drop in applications for the position could be a reflection of the changing nature of the job. The average tenure for a college president fell from 8.5 years in 2006 to 6.5 years in 2016, according to the American Council on Education and the TIAA Institute. Other research has shown the rate of involuntary departures has been increasing at a faster clip than voluntary ones, with economic pressures, financial impropriety, political controversy, fissures with the board and dissatisfaction on campus as factors. Star Tribune Lone University of Minnesota finalist would be first female president in school's history Star Tribune In selecting next University of Minnesota president, regents make history Follow Ben Unglesbee on Twitter	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16885
__label__wiki	0.961266	0.961266	Sam Bailey Tickets Sam Bailey: Live in the West End Tickets Lyric Theatre, London About Sam Bailey: Live in the West End Winner of ITV's The X Factor, Sam Bailey, takes the stage at the Lyric Theatre for a one-off concert in London's West End this October. Join Sam and an array of special guests for an evening of musical theatre not to be missed. Before capturing the hearts of the nation on The X Factor, Sam worked as a prison guard at HM Prison Gartree as well as performing in clubs, on cruise ships and at music festivals. Following her triumph, her debut single made Christmas number one and her debut album stormed to the top of the UK album charts. Sam Bailey: Live in the West End Performance Dates & Times Sam Bailey: Live in the West End is not available to book, please sign up to our newsletter for updates and offers on forthcoming and available shows. Running time 1hrs 30mins Sam Bailey: Live in the West End Customer Reviews Includes one 20 minute interval. Where is Sam Bailey: Live in the West End? 29 Shaftesbury Avenue London W1D 7ES Nearest Bus stop: (Shaftesbury Avenue) 12, 14, 19, 38; (Regent Street) 6, 13, 15, 23, 88, 94, 139, 159, 453 Parking: Brewer Street (3mins) Nearest Night Bus: (Shaftesbury Avenue) 14, N19, N38; (Regent Street) 6, 12, 23, 88, 94, 139, 159, 453, N3, N13, N15, N109, N18, N136 Nearest Tube: Bakerloo, Piccadilly (3mins) Take Shaftesbury Avenue along the side where the famous illuminated signs are. The theatre will be on your left about 100 metres along. Nearest Station: Charing Cross Infrared hearing loop	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16893
__label__wiki	0.624887	0.624887	Ferrovial to build the new Farringdon Station Category: General / 24 November 2011 The consortium that comprises Ferrovial Agroman, BAM Nuttall and Kier Construction (BFK), all with equal stakes, has awarded the contract to build the new Farringdon station, that includes the construction of the station´s building, accesses and caverns, for more than 200 million pounds (more than 230 million euro). The ceremony was attended by the Chairman of Plan España, Luis Rivera; and that of ONGAWA, Miguel Ángel Pantoja; as well as the Ferrovial Human Resources Manager, Jaime Aguirre, and the Ferrovial Communications and Corporate Responsibility Manager, Juan Francisco Polo. The initiative is part of the "Social Infrastructure" plan that Ferrovial has included in its new Corporate Responsibility Plan 20.13. Ferrovial will contribute technical know-how through its volunteers, as well as 200,000 euros in financing for each project. Juan Francisco Polo, the Ferrovial Director of Communications and Corporate Responsibility, points out that the Corporate Responsibility Plan 20.13 is intended to support the development of social infrastructure. "We are satisfied with the response to this first call for tenders, attracting a total of 29 project submissions, 16 of which are located in Latin American and 13 in Africa. We are confident that both projects will be a success", said Juan Francisco Polo. Drinking water systems in Peru Ferrovial will work with Plan España in Peru to develop a drinking water and water treatment system in four communities of the Olmedo district, located in the region of Cajamarca, one of the country's poorest. The project, to be implemented over 24 months, will ensure direct access to drinking water and basic hygiene services to 2,225 people and indirectly to 26,000. Luis Rivera, Chairman of Plan España, explained that "the agreement means Ferrovial's know-how in building water treatment infrastructure can be put to use in one of the most underprivileged regions of Peru. I am certain that partnership between Plan España and Ferrovial will be a great success". Water treatment infrastructure in Tanzania In Tanzania, a country where Ferrovial has already worked on similar projects, the company will partner with ONGAWA to reduce mortality caused by water-borne or water-related diseases, which are responsible for 5 of the main health conditions that affect the area. The project will build sustainable water supply systems in Kata de Maore, in the northern district of Same. The project will be implemented over 12 months, with 13,600 direct beneficiaries and 48,800 indirect beneficiaries. The Chairman of ONGAWA, Miguel Ángel Pantoja, explained that "a lack of drinking water and hygiene systems causes disease to spread, leading to high mortality levels in Tanzania. Having available water will mean preventing deaths, providing people with more opportunity to work and will even help children to attend school". The two projects will involve community participation, with the aim of improving hygiene and health conditions, developing the skills of local government workers to ensure sustainable water and hygiene services. Ferrovial Volunteers and International Cooperation The Human Resources and Communications and Corporate Responsibility Departments would again like to extend our thanks to Ferrovial employees for their participation in and commitment to these initiatives. On this occasion 21 candidates from both the Construction and Services divisions submitted applications.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16901
__label__cc	0.731913	0.268087	Real-Time Cargo Container Tracking in EPCglobal Pilot by Sensors Staff \| REDWOOD SHORES, CA /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Oracle and Savi Technology, a Lockheed Martin company (NYSE: LMT), teamed up to provide a critical information link to track in real time the location of cargo containers shipped from Hong Kong to Japan. The work has just been completed as a pilot project initiated by GS1 EPCglobal, the not-for-profit standards organization driving adoption of the Electronic Product Code to improve supply chain performance. The milestone project was the first time that real-time information generated from active, battery-powered RFID tags on sea containers was exchanged with EPC Information Services (EPCIS), a draft GS1 EPCglobal standard enabling trading partners to communicate in a common computer language on objects moving throughout the supply chain. The communication interface with the EPCIS Server and Repository was enabled through integration of Oracle Sensor Edge Server, a component of Oracle Fusion Middleware, as well as Savi Site Manager operating software and active RFID tag and data collection systems. "Reading RFID tags produces a vast amount of data all along a supply chain, and Oracle Sensor Edge Server is an essential part of capturing, interpreting and validating such a mass of information," said Peggy Chen, principal product director, Oracle. "Because of the wide variety of participants in a supply chain, open standards are essential to give all authorized people visibility of all of the critical events involved in the chain. Oracle has been working with EPCglobal for some time in the development of standards. Software, such as Oracle Sensor Edge Server and Oracle Sensor Data Manager, can work very effectively in this complex heterogeneous environment." Oracle and Savi achieved the interface as part of Phase One of the GS1 EPCglobal Transport and Logistics RFID Pilot, which is a two-phase project involving a number of companies using EPCglobal standards to enable greater transport visibility across stakeholders, countries and continents. "We're very pleased to be part of the first team to demonstrate a working system using active RFID and EPCglobal's EPCIS standard as part of this important pilot," said Fraser Jennings, Savi Technology's vice president of standards and regulatory activities. "Like Oracle, we see the need for standards to enable interoperability among multiple trading partners and service providers in a global supply chain, and we are keen to work with EPCglobal and companies such as Oracle to develop and promote those standards that will help facilitate supply chain efficiency. We're pleased our RFID technology and Savi Site Manager software facilitated integration of real-time data into the EPCIS system through Oracle's RFID middleware." Oracle (NASDAQ: ORCL) is the world's largest enterprise software company. For more information about Oracle, visit our Web site. About Savi Technology With over 16 years of experience, Savi is a leading provider of active Radio Frequency Identification solutions for the management and security of supply chain assets, shipments and consignments. Savi Technology is a wholly- owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, with headquarters in Mountain View, CA, and offices in Washington D.C., London, Singapore, and Melbourne. For more information, visit the company's Web site. Headquartered in Bethesda, MD, Lockheed Martin employs about 140,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. The corporation reported 2006 sales of $39.6 billion. For additional information, visit the Web site. About EPCglobal Inc EPCglobal Inc supports the global adoption of the Electronic Product Code as a global standard to enable accurate information and visibility about products in the supply chain. More information about EPCglobal Inc can be found here. Sensors Staff	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16905
__label__wiki	0.635789	0.635789	Himalayan glaciers melting at alarming rate, spy satellite data shows By Natalie Huet & Rafa Cereceda with Reuters •et; last updated: 21/06/2019 Glaciers on the South face of the Lunag Ri in october 2018 and october 1980 - Copernicus/ EO Browser/ USGS Copy/paste the article video embed link below: A new study, which used declassified images taken by US spy satellites during the Cold War, shows that the rate at which Himalayan glaciers are melting has doubled over the past two decades. That ice is not being replaced, and the retreat of these glaciers threatens water supplies for hundreds of millions of people across Asia. "It's certainly very worrisome. This is one of several studies showing the Himalayan glaciers are retreating quite dramatically," said Arun Shrestha, senior climate change specialist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. The new study, spanning 40 years of satellite observations across India, China, Nepal and Bhutan, showed glaciers have been losing the equivalent of more than a vertical foot-and-a-half of ice each year since 2000. That represents double the rate between 1975 and 2000. Using photos from the European Union's satellite network Copernicus and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) we have compared glaciers on the south face of the Lunag Ri and Cho Oyu peaks during October of 1980 and 2018. The area on October 1, 1980USGS The same area in October 2018.EU - Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data / EO Browser While the length of the main glaciers doesn't seem to have changed a great deal, the study pointed out it's mainly their volume, thickness and quality that have declined. Himalayan ice has direct consequences for some 800 million people who depend on meltwater to sustain their rivers. Scientists now fear that as it dries up, the dwindling of water supplies to densely-populated regions in India, Pakistan and China could lead to an international crisis. "The implication of ice loss and its impact on water is going to be quite dramatic, quite chilling," Shrestha said in an interview on Euronews Now. You can watch the full interview in the player above. Hungry polar bear wanders into major Russian town as wildfires rage across Arctic Circle The viral image that illustrates the scale of melting ice in Greenland \| #TheCube Climate change: melting mountains	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16908
__label__cc	0.716287	0.283713	Useful data Justice and security Multi-speed Europe Rights and equality The concept of 'crisis' has been dominating the last decade, but this may no longer be the case Photo: Giorgio Comai/OBCT As appears from an analysis of more than 50,000 speeches and press releases issued by the European Commission since 1985, the 'decade of the crisis' may be reaching its end: references to all types of 'crisis' are disappearing from the Commission's publications. Looking at the archive of press releases and speeches published by the European Commission since 1985, it appears clearly that “crisis” entered the public vocabulary suddenly in 2008 and has quickly become a central keyword of public discourse, including that of EU institutions. 1 Zooming in on recent years, it appears clearly that the frequency of mentions to ‘crisis’ boomed starting with September 2008 and attenuated somewhat in the spring of 2016. The first dotted line in the graph below refers to 15 September 2008 (the day when Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy), the second is arbitrarily set at 1 September 2016, around the time when the frequency of mentions decreased substantially. It is worth mentioning, however, that even after this date, ‘crisis’ is still much more frequently mentioned than before 2008. 8 years of crisis - but what crisis? Here’s a list of all the types of crisis that have been mentioned in press releases issued by the European Commission at least 10 times since 1985. That’s a lot of different types of crisis. Some of them are by far the most frequently mentioned (e.g. ‘economic crisis’), others are now not any more of concern (‘BSE crisis’, related to the so called “mad cow” disease). Here’s a graph showing the most frequently mentioned types of crisis. There’s good reason to believe that different crises were prominent at different times, and indeed, this appears clearly from the following graph based on the number of mentions per year of the most common types of crisis. There is another trend that clearly emerges from this graph: at least in its public discourse, the European Commission is leaving all types of crisis behind. Even the expression ‘economic crisis’, omnipresent until recently, barely appears any more. 2 Yes, but what was it all about? These are numbers, and obviously tell only part of the story. But if you are interested in what was actually being said about it… pick your crisis, and find out more by reading the original quotes. N.B. The first search box allows to search among types of crisis. The second search box on the right allows to filter by a second keyword within the results. Life beyond crisis? This post was focused on crisis. But what else has the Commission been talking about through all these years? Well, agriculture, for example. And certainly not terrorism, which was barely even mentioned before 2001. If you’re curious about the frequency of other terms, you can test your hypotheses by inputting any term in the interactive graph available at this link. Source code and terms of use. The source code of this post is available in full on GitHub. Graphs and code are distributed under a Creative Commons license (BY). In brief, you can use and adapt all of the above as long you acknowledge the source: Giorgio Comai/OBC Transeuropa/#edjnet Feel free to embed the interactive graphs above in your own website or blog. 1. All the graphs in this post are based on a textual dataset created by extracting all press releases, statements, speeches, and announcements issued between January 1985 and 18 September 2017 and currently available in the online archive of the European Commission (55,439 items in total). The script used to generate this dataset is available on GitHub. 2. Unlike the previous timelines, this graph is based on the absolute number of mention, not relative frequency. As a consequence, and expecting that EU commissioners will talk of crisis between today and the end of the year, the downward trend will likely be slightly less steep than it appears at this stage. Author/s: Giorgio Comai Source/s: OBC Transeuropa Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) A platform for data-driven news on European affairs in up to 12 languages brought to you by a consortium of media and data journalists from all over Europe EDJNet \| Syndication \| About \| Contact Us \| Corrections \| RSS \| Newsletter \|	cc/2019-30/en_head_0049.json.gz/line16909

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