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By Sunset Beacon on July 7, 2017 • ( Leave a comment )
Margaret E. Haas Fund to rehab historic Presidio Theater
The Presidio Trust has announced plans to rehabilitate the Presidio Theater, located
in the heart of the national park site on the Presidio’s Main Post, as a multi-purpose
performance space. Vacant since 1995, the building will be rehabilitated into a
multi-purpose space for live theater, film, dance, music, lectures, educational
programming and special events. The two-year rehabilitation will begin
this summer, and is expected to be completed in mid-2019.
“I am grateful for the opportunity to create a modern and accessible performance space
for artists in San Francisco and the Bay Area,” said Margaret “Peggy” Haas, chair of the
board of directors of the Margaret E. Haas Fund. “There is a dearth of
high quality theaters for live performances – and many of the available spaces are not
accessible to smaller performing arts organizations. The Presidio Theater will offer a
place for these groups to showcase their work to a wide range of audiences.”
Located near the historic Presidio Officers’ Club and the Main Parade Ground, the
Presidio Theater is among the last buildings on the Main Post to be rehabilitated.
Originally built in 1939 as a movie theater for the officers and enlisted men
at the post, during World War II, in 1942, both Jack Benny and Bob Hope brought
full casts to perform and record their hugely popular radio shows at the theater.
The theater was renovated by the Army in 1962, and the last movie was shown in 1994 as
the Army was vacating the post. When completed, the state-of-the-art theater will
reflect its original 1939 Spanish Colonial Revival design, with approximately
650 seats, a functionally expanded stage, new accessible seating and code-compliant rest
rooms. A new pavilion will be created in an open area to the west of the existing theater
that opens onto a new courtyard.
The project’s architect is Hornberger + Worstell and the historic preservation consultant
is Knapp Architects, both of San Francisco. The Presidio Trust is working with the
Margaret E. Haas Fund on the restoration.
Flower Piano returns to the SF Botanical Garden in July
A 12-day outdoor event, now in its third year and running from July 13-24, transforms
the SF Botanical Garden (SFBG) into an alfresco concert hall where everyone is invited to
play and listen.
There are 12 pianos tucked among the many flower-filled gardens within the Garden’s 55
acres and the public is encouraged to play what they like, from
chopsticks to Tchaikovsky.
On weekends, event partner Sunset Piano has invited professional pianists and a whole
host of other musicians to perform throughout the garden as well, and the
public is welcome to pack a picnic and enjoy the shows.
The SF Botanical Garden is located in Golden Gate Park, near Ninth Avenue and
Lincoln Way. Admission is free for San Francisco residents.
For more information, go to the website at www.sfbg.org.
Summer of Love play in Golden Gate Park
We Players will perform William Shakespeare’s “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”
as part of the city’s summer of love celebration.
The play will be performed on the top of Strawberry Hill in Golden Gate Park,
the island in the middle of Stow Lake and the tallest point in the park.
The six-person version of the classic tale is a dark and humorous
exploration of the complexities of love, complicated human relationships and the
boundaries between reality and imagination.
We Players will be performing the play from July 6-9 and
July 27-30, starting at 6:30 p.m. The performance is free but donations
are requested.
Teen dies after fall from Lands End cliff
A 17-year-old student from St. Ignatius College Preparatory
School fell to her death at Lands End on June 22.
Victoria La Rocca lost her balance and plunged about 90 feet to the rugged coastline.
First responders, some of whom scaled down the steep cliffside, could not revive her
and she was declared dead at the scene.
The Corte Madera resident was hiking with friends when the mishap occurred.
According to a representative of the SF Fire Department, four
other calls for assistance from people stranded along the cliffs
were made in the same week that La Rocca died.
Golden Gate Park Band continues summer concerts
The Golden Gate Park Band, under the direction of Michael L. Wirgler, who has been the
band’s conductor since July 4, 1999, continues in July.
All concerts (unless noted) are on Sundays, at 1 p.m., and are held at the
Spreckels Temple of Music at the Music Concourse in Golden Gate Park.
The concert schedule for the July is:
Tuesday, July 4 – Celebrate the United State’s birthday (patriotic
and American music);
July 9 – Great concert band music (TBA);
July 16 – Music for youth, with special guests: “Music To My Ears;”
July 23 – Featured composer: Antonin Dvorak;
July 30 – The world and times of Gilbert and Sullivan;
For more information, go to the band’s website at www.GoldenGateParkBand.org.
Local artist’s floral creations on display
The Helen Crocker Russell Library of Horticulture at the SF Botanical Garden is featuring
the floral paintings of Janny Xiaoqin through Aug. 31.
Xiaoqin and her husband Joseph are the proprietors of the Joseph Fine Art Studio on
lower Clement Street.
The SF Botanical Garden is located in Golden Gate Park near Ninth Avenue and
For more information about Xiaoqin, go to the website at http://www.jannyhuang.com.
For more information about the SF Botanical Garden Society, go to the website
at www.sfbotanicalgarden.org.
Categories: Art, entertainment, Golden Gate Park, Music, Richmond District, Richmond Review, Richmond Roundup, Sunset District, Things to Do
Tagged as: Roundup of things to do in the Richmond District
Blood drive at the Y
Commentary – Michael Murphy
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Friday, April 21 2017 / Published in General, Sidelines Spotlight
Sue Ziegler: From Scribbles to Award-Winning Artist
Sue Ziegler in front of a collection of her paintings.
By Katie Navarra
In two short years, Southern California artist Sue Ziegler transformed her drawing skills from scribbles into world-class, award-winning talent. “I couldn’t even draw stick figures until I was in my 50s,” Sue said.
One of her early pieces, titled “Sunlight,” featuring a pony chomping hay, was a winner in Colored Pencil Magazine’s annual international art competition in 2015 and the piece was subsequently featured in the publication’s 2016 calendar.
“That was very encouraging to me, and I felt that I might be on to something,” Sue said.
Since then, her artwork has also appeared in two books and multiple magazines. She’s also received numerous awards including accolades from Fine Art Connoisseur magazine in an online review that described that her piece, “Alpha Look,” as a highlight of the American Academy of Equine Art Fall Show.
“American Pharoah”
Art Admirer To Artist
Sue’s childhood was filled with horses. She participated in 4-H and was surrounded by Thoroughbreds in her hometown near Saratoga, New York. It wasn’t until the purchase of a new home in Southern California that she fulfilled a lifelong goal of owning a horse. “I’d finally realized my childhood dream,” she said.
Mister was her first horse. He was a Tennessee Walking Horse and she was able to ride him without saddle or bridle. “We were so connected it was like he could tell what I was thinking,” she said.
Aside from the strong bond the two shared, Sue was drawn to his character because he was so curious and always into something. “One of my favorite photos of him shows him feeding a tumbleweed to the neighbor’s goat through the fence,” she said.
Watching Mister, and eventually the other horses that joined him, grazing in the pasture simply wasn’t enough. She wanted to fill the walls of her home with images of her horses. She began taking photos, and then discovered an artist who was creating beautiful custom drawings in a loose impressionistic style. “I wasn’t able to afford her work, but was inspired to attempt drawing,” she said.
“Snow Buds”
Sue downloaded how-to-draw books on her Kindle and took classes to study the drawing process. Much to her surprise, she discovered that the artistic style she enjoyed viewing was drastically different from what she enjoyed creating. As a viewer, she prefers impressionistic artwork, but as an artist, she prefers realistic or even hyper-realistic style.
“Horses are so incredibly majestic exactly as they are, and I just strive to capture that, drawing a person’s attention to their power and expressive beauty,” she said.
Because of her interest in fine detail, graphite was the best fit. She added colored pencils and practiced non-stop. Within a year, she had created more than 100 drawings. While she favored colored pencils because of their ability to capture fine detail, the amount of pressure required to create highly-detailed work caused an old injury in her hand to flare up, forcing her to stop for a few months. During this break she discovered pastels, which require less hand pressure.
“I was surprised to find pastels were also good for fine detail. I was hooked,” she said. And no detail is too small. “It’s important to me that I capture each freckle and hair whorl and the texture of every vein and muscle.”
Diverse Subjects
Horses of any breed or discipline and dogs find themselves memorialized on her canvas. Mister, the horse that ignited the spark that turned into a passion, is featured in numerous drawings. Two, “Gone Too Soon” and “On My Drawing Board,” capture the love Sue had for this horse. “We lost him to colic last year, but he lives on in these pieces,” she said.
Her two German shepherds, Hero and Una, are also featured in much of her work. “The thing I love most about drawing dogs is capturing the sense of fun and the purity of love in their expressions,” she said.
Drawing on her roots in Upstate New York, Sue frequently chooses to draw Thoroughbreds. Her great-uncle was part owner on a few horses and her dad grew up spending time there. Continuing the family tradition, her father took her to the track. Her love for the track shows up in the numerous Thoroughbred-themed pieces she’s produced, some of which are on display at the Spa Fine Art gallery in Saratoga and also in the Solaris Gallery in Versailles, Kentucky, the home of American Pharoah.
She insists that having a favorite piece of work is similar to having a favorite child: you really love them all, so it’s hard to answer that question. But, she admits, two stand out among the rest.
One is “Nyquist,” a portrait of the 2016 Kentucky Derby winner. This won a Special Merit award in the Light, Space, Time competition, which drew more than 900 entries from 24 countries. “I felt for the first time I was really able to capture the realism I’d been hoping to achieve,” she said.
The other, “School’s Out,” spotlights three young Thoroughbreds having fun in turnout. “I really love those three rascals. You can tell they’ve really been up to some shenanigans and it always makes me smile,” said Sue.
The reference photos, taken by Heather Moreton and provided by Gemini Stedl, were extraordinary. “The talented photographers who have allowed me to reference their amazing photos for my art are extremely generous. So much training, time and talent goes into the creation of each of these photos and I’m deeply grateful,” Sue said.
Although horses and dogs are her favorite subjects, her work isn’t limited to these two species. She’s dabbled in nature and abstract subjects as well. In addition to creating artwork found through daily inspiration around the property, she works on commissions. Her commissioned work started casually through a Facebook page called “Hags with Nags” that she joined after buying her first horse.
She started sharing her early drawings in this group and received tremendous support and encouragement. “This wonderful group of women is not just my go-to place for all of my new-owner horse-related questions, but continues to be proudly supportive of my growth as an artist,” she said.
She draws many non-Thoroughbred horses and enjoys the uniqueness of each horse she draws. Her horses and her artwork bring her so much joy and she hopes it brings joy to others as well. “One of the best compliments I’ve received is when I had a photographer tell me that my art felt more real than her photograph. That, for me, is success. My inner child is having a blast,” she concluded.
For more information, visit www.szieglerart.com.
About the writer: Katie Navarra is a professional writer based in Upstate New York. She has been a lifelong horse lover and competes in ranch horse events with her dun Quarter Horse mare.
Photos courtesy of Sue Ziegler
Tagged under: artist, Katie Navarra, sue ziegler
Dog of the Day – Tex
Bluegrass Festival Horse Show Wrap Up: August 15-19, 2012
Paige Johnson and Chiron S Secure $40,000 Bluegrass Festival Grand Prix Victory at Bluegrass Festival Horse Show
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Hamish Maxwell
This article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
This article is part of the Tobacco portal on Sourcewatch funded from 2006 - 2009 by the American Legacy Foundation.
Hamish Walter Hyslop Maxwell (whose name is pronouned "HAY-mish") was President of Philip Morris circa 1984. He took over at time of the Rose Defrancesco Cipollone lawsuit. He "cleaned house" and carried company into a strong defensive position.
1.1 Overview Timeline
2 Maxwell's Power Base
3 Corporate Myths
Hamish Maxwell was born in Liverpool, England and was educated at Cambridge University in the UK, completing his BA in 1964, at the end of World War II. His father was Sir Alexander ('Sandy') Maxwell (KCMG), who headed a British tobacco importing company, served as Britain's Tobacco Controller during World War II, and was at the head of the cigarette industry's Tobacco Manufacturers Research Committee (TMRC) and its later Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) until the early 1960s . Cigarettes were always around Maxwell's house, and by 1984 Hamish Maxwell smoked two packs a day.
He joined Philip Morris as an advertising executive (looking after radio and TV spots) in 1954, the year after Joseph Cullman 3rd rose to the top of the company, and he was soon moved into Philip Morris International and put to work trouble-shooting in Europe and Asia as the company expanded its overseas businesses. Maxwell was president of the Philip Morris International unit for five years prior to being named to succeed George Weissman as President of PM in New York.[1] In 1984 he was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of PM and became CEO.[2] then formally took over as President and CEO of Philip Morris Companies, Inc. on August 1, 1984.[3]
Overview Timeline
Remember people at Philip Morris often held more than one title simultaneously.
1926 Aug 24 born in Liverpool, England to Sir Alexander Maxwell, a CEO of a tobacco-buying company, who controlled tobacco imports during the war.
1944 - 47 At Cambridge Uni until 1946 (BA), in the RAF training reserve until 1947
1948 ?? Joined Thomas Cook & Sons travel company
1969 Philip Morris begins diversifying under the Cullman family: bought Miller Brewing Company
1978 Second stage of PM diversification, buying 7-Up
1952 Maxwell was first employed in US tobacco industry as a salesman for tobacco leaf in Virginia (probably not PM) [4]
1954 Maxwell was first employed by PM as a leaf salesman in Richmond.This was the year that Philip Morris repositioned Marlboro as a general filter cigarette rather than a woman's cigarette,
1955 Maxwell transferred to the Market Research Department at Philip Morris's corporate headquarters in New York.
1956He joined the Advertising Department in New York dealing with the purchase of radio advertising spots.
1959 In charge of advertising budgets and marketing. Company then sixth in US in brand marketing and advertising with a special interest in TV ads (Dobie Gillis show)
1961 Joins the new Philip Morris International as Director of Advertising.
1963 Dec Maxwell, Weissman and Dawson purchase the FTR operation in Switzerland. (to establish a European base)
1964 Vice President of the PMI division in charge of Marketing (still in New York)
1965-73Regional VP Asia/Pacific.
1968 >> Geoff Bible joins Philip Morris Europe as Manager of Finance under Maxwell [BIBLE MURRAY INFORMATION INCORRECT]
1969 Vice President of Philip Morris - New York. Resident in Geneva,
1970 >> Bill Murray joins Philip Morris Europe as Manager of Finance (takes over Bible's job).
1972Maxwell and Murray shift to New York. Maxwell was briefly resident in Melbourne, Australia as the VP of Asia-Pacific. He hires Andrew Whist, who he later shifted to New York
1973 Executive VP, Canadian and Asia/pacific Regions
1974 Member of the main PM Board (Murray is managing both B&H in Canada and European operations)
1975 Senior Vice President (No 8 in hierarchy) They now had tobacco subsidiaries in Canada (B&H) England, Australia, Belgium Venezuela, Guatemal, Peru, and Switzerland
1976-78 >> Bible rejoins Philip Morris as Director of Corporate Planning (based in Switzerland)
1978 Nov 1 Executive VP and president of PM International. Bible is now shifted to New York and the triumvirate is reestablished. Rupert Murdoch is enlisted as favoured media proprietor,
1982 Jun Maxwell deals with Rupert Murdoch: Murdoch joins Philip Morris board, Maxwell joins News Ltd board [5]
1983 Nov President and Chief Operating Officer of the group (PM Group had various names) [6]
1984 Apr Maxwell now Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Philip Morris Companies Inc. (The Group) [7]
1985 Mar 27 Maxwell's memo to his executives "How can we change the public's view towards smoking" kicks off serious disinformation and bribery programs. [8]
1985 Aug Company restructure. PM under Maxwell paid $5.7 billion for General Foods in September.
1988 PM acquired Kraft, the maker of dairy and other food products, for $13.1 billion.
1990 PM acquired Jacobs Schard for $4 billion
1991 Maxwell stands down in favour of Murray as Chairman and CEO, but stays in the executive loop as Emeritus Chairman.
1994 June Maxwell, Murray and Bible force Michael Miles out and effectively take control of the company.
2002 PM sold Miller Beer to South African Breweries.
2003 Philip Morris changed its name to the Altria Group.
2014 Apr 21 Maxwell died at age 87 of bladder cancer
Maxwell's Power Base
Maxwell, as a Scot from the UK had to battle against rival executives from Canada (the Cullman family) and the USA. He largely succeeded because he was part of a team with an international outlook, rather than purely focussed on the American business.
While based in Switzerland, he had acquired two Australian 'deputies': R William Murray also known as "Bill Murray" and Geoff Bible. These two climbed the corporate ladder of Philip Morris directly behind him, successively moving into positions as CEOs of the International division, then to New York, then as top executives in the overall company, then to CEO and Chair positions. This was a mutual-supportive triumvirate who eventually dominated Philip Morris, at a time when Philip Morris dominated the global tobacco industry.
They brought along with them Andrew Whist a Norwegian-Australian dissembler who ran the major corporate scams under the executive control of this triumvirate through heading the Philip Morris Corporate Affairs division. And he brought into the industry Bryan Simpson, a nephew-by-marriage of Rupert Murdoch (ex employee who had run Media Council of Australia, then the Tobacco Institute of Australia) to run the global tobacco lobby, INFOTAB. Simpson introduced Murdoch to Geoff Bible, which brought Rupert Murdoch into a key position on the Philip Morris board.
An American political aide: Craig L Fuller (a Republic aide to President Reagan and Chief of Staff to VP Bush) was brought into the company as head strategist, and he was followed by Steven C Parrish, a top lawyer from the tobacco-lawfirm Shook Hardy & Bacon. These two Americans became Senior Vice Presidents and took over management of various lobbying and misinformation divisions under various banners of 'Scientific', 'Corporate', or 'External Affairs' (PM's structure changed a number of times).
This group comprised the driving force which ran and directed the global tobacco industry under Maxwell's leadership for three decades. By 1984 Maxwell was 57 years old had been employed at Philip Morris for 30 years. He passed over the reins to Bill Murray and retired to head Martin Sorrell's conglomerate global public relations organisation known as the WPP Group Inc. [9] which provided the main background lobbying services to a number of industries (including tobacco) around the world. Sorrell had taken over and coordinated (but not merged) Ogilvy & Mather, Burson- Marsteller, Young & Rubicam, Cohn & Wolfe, Hill & Knowlton, JWT GRoup, (which themselves had gone through a merger frenzy and consolidated companies like APCO, Powell & Tate, Cassidy Group, etc.). They also added numerous national-PR/lobby firms in Africa, India, Asia, etc. into WPP (The corporate name 'WPP' was derived from a shelf company in the paper industry), and in the USA and UK they added a number of smaller lobby firms such as Quinn Gillespie & Associates, Timmons & Company, and Wexler & Walker and some advertising distribution networks like the Real Media Group and the Media Innovations Group.
They are now the largest of three major PR/lobbying/media/marketing corporations which dominate the media market in most western countries.
Corporate Myths
Philip Morris employed a number of spin-doctors who also massaged Maxwell's biography for American audiences. Most obviously was the myth of the "self-made man who rose from the ranks to head the world's most dominant food and tobacco conglomerate." As part of this story he was also credited as being "a Battle of Britain Spitfire pilot".
In the early 1950s, after studying history at Cambridge and serving in the Royal Air Force, Mr. Maxwell traveled to the United States as a tour agent with Thomas Cook & Sons, the British travel company. But he took a job at Philip Morris after his fiancée, Georgene Mathewson, insisted he get a better-paying job. He rose quickly through Philip Morris’s ranks, leading the company’s international division before leapfrogging several candidates to the chief executive spot."
The facts are:
He was at Cambridge University during the war, and learned to fly as part of the Cambridge division of the RAF reserves. He was too young to be a pilot during the Battle of Britain and the Battle of Britain Historical Society confirms that he was not one "'of the 'Few' to receive the Battle of Britain Clasp, therefore he was not a fighter pilot in the Battle
[Letter from the Society} "There is no record of Hamish Walter Hyslop Maxwell being one of the 'Few' or the recipient of the Clasp."
This is not to say the claim was a lie, just that it was deliberately misleading. He may well have flown circuits and bumps at the Cambridge squadron base at Duxford toward the end of the war when obsolete Spitfires were housed there. Using the same phrasing, he could also have claimed to be "a First World War Tiger Moth pilot", since he probably trained on Tiger Moths.
His father Sir Alexander (Sandy) Maxwell was a tobacco leaf importer (buying mainly from the USA), who had been Britain's Controller of Tobacco during Word War II. Both his father and grandfather were in the tobacco importing business, so he had long-standing family connections in Virginia. Philip Morris was, at that time, also a major importer of high-class British cigarettes (see the names: "Benson & Hedges", "Marlborough" "Barclays", etc.) [10] so he had a direct pipeline into the Philip Morris hierarchy.
At the end of the war, his father was put in charge of generating the 'Visit Britain' tourist industry as a way of generating national income. So his stint roving the world with Thomas Cook & Sons, is not an example of a self-made man either.
<tdo>resource_id=2869 resource_code=maxwell_hamish search_term=Hamish Maxwell</tdo>
Retrieved from "https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hamish_Maxwell&oldid=707031"
Tobaccowiki
Tobacco documents biographies
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← Tish Harrison Warren: True Love Dies
A Note on Eve Tushnet and Theology of the Body →
Who actually cares whether Jesus said anything about gay relationships?
Posted by Jeremy Erickson
In discussions on the Bible and gay relationships, a common refrain is that Jesus never said anything about the subject, so it must not have been a priority for him. There are a variety of sound conservative responses, such as pointing to the belief that all Scripture is inspired by God, not just the direct words of Jesus.
In this piece, however, I’m going to focus on a different problem with this argument: those who make it often reject the direct teaching of Jesus on sexual ethics anyway. We do have an authoritative condemnation of remarriage after divorce in most circumstances. For example, see Matthew 19:3-9.
A book making the argument discussed here
When someone points out that we don’t have a direct record of Jesus condemning gay sex, does that person accept Jesus’s teaching about divorce and remarriage? In many (if not most) cases, the answer to this question is “no.” If the person isn’t willing to accept the teaching of Jesus on other similar matters, then the point about gay sex is just a smokescreen.
I also find it interesting, however, that conservatives don’t often make this point. I think one reason for this is that quite a few conservatives make many of the same mistakes thinking about divorce and remarriage that revisionists make thinking about gay relationships. In both cases, people assume that supporting someone involves getting the person into a loving, supportive marriage. I don’t see much attempt to wrestle with what supporting someone would look like without such a marriage being a morally available option.
I found an example of the revisionist thought I’m describing when I recently got around to reading The Bible’s Yes to Same-Sex Marriage by Mark Achtemeier. He makes the argument I am discussing, that “Jesus never once touches on the issue of same-gender relationships in all the recorded teaching we have from him.” A little later, he states,
The attempt to claim Jesus’ quotations from Genesis for the modern debate about gay marriage is actually quite ironic, because the conversation in which they occur is about heterosexual divorce. In Matthew 19, Jesus quotes Genesis in order to urge strict limitations on divorce: “Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate” (v. 6). Christ’s disciples recognize this as a very difficult teaching, and Jesus himself admits a few verses later that it is not for everyone (vv. 10-12).
Encouraged by Jesus’ admission, a great many churches have become more open and accepting of divorced persons, as they have learned to interpret this teaching in light of the Bible’s broader teachings about grace and forgiveness. It makes little sense, therefore, to lift Jesus’ Genesis quotations out of context to support a very strict position about gay relationships—which he never addresses—while softening his actual teaching about heterosexual divorce!
In this context, the full passage is Matthew 19:3-12.
Jesus’s teaching here is a fairly clear condemnation of divorce under most circumstances: “And I say to you: whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery.’” (v. 9, ESV)
The disciples then claim that in this case it would be better not to marry. Achtemeier interprets the following “not everyone can receive this saying” as a reference to the command about divorce. This is a relatively uncommon interpretation of this passage, and I don’t think it can make much sense of the “For there are eunuchs…” discussion that follows. A much more straightforward interpretation is that not everyone can receive the idea that it is better not to marry.
So why does Achtemeier adopt such an awkward interpretation of the passage? I think it has to do with the need to interpret the passage “in light of the Bible’s broader teaching about grace and forgiveness,” which for Achtemeier seems to imply allowing divorce (and, presumably, remarriage) in some unspecified, broad set of circumstances. The only real wiggle room in the passage is the phrase “except for sexual immorality,” which fails to cover quite a few of the cases of divorce and remarriage we encounter today.
Achtemeier needs to find some additional reason to dismiss the clear teaching of the passage. In some additional cases, he could legitimately point to the teaching of Paul in 1 Corinthians 7. However, we are still left with at best a small set of circumstances under which remarriage is allowable after divorce. Achtemeier seems to be implying something significantly broader, probably to respond to the many couples in churches today who remarried after a divorce that was not one of the cases described in Scripture.
This, to me, is a pretty clear rejection of the direct teaching of Christ, without a biblical warrant. So I am left not believing that Achtemeier would actually be willing to accept the direct words of Christ if they did contain a direct condemnation of gay sex. And indeed, he does offer such tenuous arguments regarding other passages that condemn gay sex.
But I think Achtemeier is rightfully noting the difficulties that come with following Jesus’s teaching on divorce. Loneliness is a real issue for single people. In many cases, it is particularly poignant for someone who is married, but isn’t finding anywhere near enough spousal connection. Sexual temptation is a real issue that could be particularly poignant for a married person whose spouse isn’t sexually available. And while nearly everyone would see strengthening and improving the marriage as the ideal solution, that requires both spouses to be invested. Sometimes one isn’t, and leaves the other in a difficult spot. If they cannot divorce and marry someone who will be more willing to meet their needs, their life may look like celibacy in important ways.
In Protestant circles, there is already a large rejection of celibacy as a legitimate option in most cases. We recognize Paul’s concession that marriage is a good way to deal with sexual desire (1 Corinthians 7:9), and extrapolate it into a statement that marriage is always the solution to sexual desire. We tend to expand this to relational needs as well, given the similarly strong human drive to romantic pairing. Many Christians then assume that a reasonably good marriage is the only way people can thrive.
Here, Achtmeier is makes a very valid point: it won’t do to “support a very strict position about gay relationships while softening his actual teaching about heterosexual divorce!” Gay people have many of the same sorts of difficulties as those in difficult marriages. If the teaching of Jesus can be dismissed for those in difficult marriages, there isn’t much consistency in holding it up for gay people.
And some conservatives are inconsistent in just this way. Others are more consistent personally, but are willing to see this area of sexual ethics as an “agree to disagree.” Of course, some conservatives do recognize the hypocrisy and want to hold Christians to account in taking Jesus’s command seriously. Nonetheless, there is also a great deal of brushing the teaching of Jesus aside.
What if instead of abandoning Christian teaching, including the direct teaching of Jesus, we dropped the assumption that marriage is always an available and moral solution to the problems of loneliness and sexual desire? (We have reflected on this idea in the past.) We are left with some difficult pastoral questions, both for those in difficult marriages and those who are gay. People are still struggling, we are still called to have grace and forgiveness, and most of all we are still to love.
I believe our calling as Christians is to learn how to do precisely this. After all, the teaching against divorce and remarriage and the teaching against sexual gay relationships are not so different after all.
Posted in Bible, books, relationships, Uncategorized
16 thoughts on “Who actually cares whether Jesus said anything about gay relationships?”
Jennifer L. Thorne
The difficulty with this discussion is that there is never a modal for gay coupling used in the word in any fashion that is given an allowance.
The created order from Genesis is the opposite sex model which is more than just a modal. It is the living analogy that points to the future event to come, the marriage supper of the Lamb.
The joining of Christ to His bride. There is no way that any form of gay coupling does that. Christ is not joined to Christ and the church is not joined to the church in the next great event.
Understanding that people are human and struggle with all manner of human vulnerabilities, we cannot change what God has set in motion just because it is hard. Many fell away from Christ when He said some of the hard things that He said, like unless you eat my flesh and drink my blood you have no life in yourselves (John 6:53).
As a result of this many left (John 6:66).
I’m not sure whether you understood the point of my post. I wasn’t arguing that we could dismiss the teaching on gay coupling on account of it being hard. Rather, I was arguing that we shouldn’t dismiss the teaching on divorce and remarriage, even though it is hard.
I don’t think “opposite sex” is sufficient to model the marriage supper of the Lamb. Under this metaphor, divorce and remarriage represents either Christ abandoning the church, or the church abandoning Christ, for another. This is a very serious wrong.
While it is true that divorce was allowed fairly broadly in Old Testament law, Jesus tells us that was never God’s intent in creation.
Again, my argument is that if we’re rejecting the teaching on divorce and remarriage, we are already departing from Christian sexual ethics.
StrengthOfHisMight
Amen to every word of this! As a celibate gay Christian who’s always worshiped in relatively conservative churches, the inconsistency on which you write has always deeply troubled me. I remember bringing it up to a pastor once—Why do we accept into our membership people who divorced for reasons other than extramarital affairs by their former spouse and have remarried, but do not accept people in same-sex marriages? How are those two things different? I do believe there is a fundamental difference between opposite-sex marriage, which follows the biblical pattern even when it fails in its specifics, but I deeply sympathize with the revisionist who would point out how same-sex “marriage,” while failing to follow the biblical pattern can potentially get so many more of the specifics right!
I still believe, though, that instead of compromising on the definition of morally acceptable opposite-sex marriage while holding steadfast in opposition to same-sex marriage, the far better course is exactly what you suggest: “What if instead of abandoning Christian teaching, including the direct teaching of Jesus, we dropped the assumption that marriage is always an available and moral solution to the problems of loneliness and sexual desire?“
mradeknal
I’m a traditional Catholic, so I hold ultimately to the traditional teaching here (though for us it’s really more from natural law than from some idea that morality has to come from Scripture, a document so ambiguous you can interpret it to mean anything you want, and clearly people do! Which is why out of all the ways Catholics use and reverence Scripture, treating it as some sort of sourcebook for systematic theology in the way Protestants attempt has never been emphasized, because out of all the things the Bible is or may be, it is clearly not a theology textbook meant to answer those sorts of doctrinal questions in that fashion).
But anyway, though I ultimately hold to the traditional Catholic teaching on divorce and remarriage…Christ’s speech in Matthew 19 has never struck me as clear cut as the “straightforward” reading implies, given what we know about Christ’s personality and style. Christ was not a moralizer. He didn’t overturn the Law, as He says, but rather He sort of just transcends that whole paradigm, and opens up the paradigm of grace which is a radically different way of looking at things which isn’t too concerned with “is this species of action right or wrong?” (even as it takes as granted, and uninteresting, the correct answer to those sorts of legally considered moral questions).
So the passage starts with the Pharisees trying to “test” him by asking about divorce. It’s a common thing in the Gospels, the Pharisees posing a trick question that they think would put Christ in a compromising position no matter which of the two “sides” of the debate He chooses…and then Christ just cuts the Gordian Knot and deconstructs the whole duality and turns it around on the Pharisees by getting to the heart of the spirit and not the letter.
So I’ve always tended to read the remarriage-as-adultery passage in the light of the adulteress saved from stoning, which is another great example. Christ doesn’t say adultery is ok or question the Mosaic prescription of stoning, but he says “Let he without sin cast the first stone.”
So when Christ says divorce and remarriage is adultery to the Pharisees…it has never struck me as the natural reading of the passage that Christ is suddenly inserting a strong assertion of a “letter of the law” claim about condemnation of remarriage here (as much as such a condemnation might indeed be the truth about the moral law on this question).
The spirit of the passage to me has always seemed more like the “let he who is without sin” thing. Like, Christ is basically telling the Pharisees “You’re such hypocrites for looking down on adulterers when you divorce and remarry freely, which is the same thing and was only ever allowed due to the hardness of your hearts!”
Christ’s message here doesn’t particularly seem to be “be as hard on the remarried as you are to adulterers” but rather “how can you not go as *easy* on adulterers as you go on the remarried?”
Which is in keeping with the consistent theme of the Gospel “You’re all sinners, so stop being so high and mighty and making false distinctions. Judge not lest ye be judged, forgive or you won’t be forgiven.”
So the message to me seems more like “You Pharisees always seem really want God to be so harsh with adulterers. Fine. But understand that if you want such strictness applied…you too fall under its strictures, you too are strictly speaking an adulterer” which is pretty much Christ’s general message on judging summed up.
So for me, the modern analogy we might imagine for this passage would be Christ telling a homophobicly conservative evangelical church, “Sure, sodomy is bad of course…but guess what? Contraceptive sex is sodomy too. So, if you want to condemn gays go ahead…but you’re condemning yourselves too if you do so.”
While I think that’s actually a pretty accurate understanding of what is going on here, I think it’s more of a both/and than an either/or. In general, Jesus calls us to a much stricter sexual ethic than was laid out in Old Testament law, but then (in part because none of us can really live up to it) we are also to show a great deal of mercy and grace to those who fail to live up to it.
So while it could be my more Protestant approach to the Bible, I do think that one implication of what Jesus is saying here is its face value (modulo exceptions he didn’t find the need to give right then, which I think is where Paul helps us out).
I think a good enough analogy is those homophobically conservative churches that condemn gay sex but are fine with divorce and remarriage on a broad basis. But I do also think the face value moral claim is important.
Certainly I think what Christ says assumes the face value truth of the moral judgment; the whole rhetorical turn only makes its point about hypocrisy if Christ really doesn’t see a difference between remarriage adultery.
However, I’m not sure a modern analogy can retain one half of an old analogy. Presumably the counterpart to approving of remarriage among the Pharisees of today is the same thing it was back then: being nevertheless self-righteously condemning of adultery.
This piece makes an excellent point.
For several generations, conservative Christians have made little effort to impose the restrictions of conjugal marriage onto those who claim marriage. This doesn’t just show up in our acceptance of divorce. It also shows up in our embrace of a marital narrative that revolves around the satisfaction of romantic love and sexual desire. Peter Leithart aptly refers to this now-predominant marital narrative as “pornographic marriage,” so as to contrast it with traditional marriage. As Carl Trueman noted some time ago, same-sex marriage is, in many ways, the logical outcome of the view of marriage that conservative Christians have largely embraced. Trueman went on to note that our objection to same-sex marriage largely depended on a socio-cultural conclusion that same-sex attraction was somehow yucky and that those who experienced it were somehow worthy of stigmatization.
Put another way, the church has regularly blessed opposite-sex committed friendships, where the parties to the relationship have no intention of conforming their relationship to the strictures of conjugal marriage. And the church has accepted the sexualization of these non-conjugal committed relationships. In fact, this has become the predominant model of “marriage” within the church.
I don’t believe that Scripture gives a “yes” to these sorts of pragmatic relationships. But I don’t see where it gives a “no” either. It’s probably incorrect to refer to such relationships as “marriage,” as they don’t really meet the strict definition of marriage. Even so, we have come to accept these secular-pragmatic relationships as generally unproblematic.
I don’t believe that Scripture gives a “yes” to same-sex marriage. But I have a hard time seeing where it gives an across-the-boards “no.” After all, if certain opposite-sex secular-pragmatic relationships are morally unproblematic (at least in a general sense), then the same should be true of same-sex secular-pragmatic relationships. That said, there may be morally problematic aspects of particular relationships. But I don’t see where Scripture imposes a general across-the-boards ban on all same-sex secular-pragmatic committed relationships. The issue, it seems to me, is what kinds of ethical considerations are relevant to such relationships.
Our current opposition to same-sex secular-pragmatic committed relationships has nothing to do with any “no” within Scripture. Rather, it rests on our culture’s celebration of “heterosexuality” and of the social scripts embodying it. But we easily forget that “heterosexuality” is an invention of the late 1800s, and did not take hold as a cultural norm until the 1920s. And there have been no shortage of efforts to rediscover this 19th-century invention in the writ of Scripture. See, e.g., CBMW. But God’s “yes” to heterosexuality is no more present in Scripture than God’s “yes” to same-sex marriage. I’d argue that Scripture is silent on both accounts, and that there are things best left to the exercise of godly wisdom and common sense.
Quote: “I don’t believe that Scripture gives a “yes” to these sorts of pragmatic relationships. But I don’t see where it gives a “no” either.”
That’s the advantage that evangelicals have exploited. Whatever the underlying motives are for an opposite-sex marriage, the male/female pattern is always technically correct.
The other thing is that any objection to “divorce culture” can easily be portrayed as uncharitable. I would encourage everyone to speak out against the easy acceptance of divorced/remarried couples in church but doing so seems unnecessarily hurtful to any particular couple.
My point is that we’ve broadened the term “marriage” to include all manner of opposite-sex relationships that bear little nexus to the norms of conjugal marriage. Moreover, the predominant model even excludes from “marriage” certain relationships that would have been included in the traditional definition. For example, consider that heterosexuality is generally viewed by Western Christians as a prerequisite for “marriage.”
Yes, traditional marriage requires opposite sexes. But what we’ve embraced in the West for the past century is not traditional marriage, but something that may more aptly be called heterosexual marriage, where marriage is seen as an affirmation and celebration of heterosexuality.
This is probably more true in Protestant circles than in Catholic circles. Thus, the conjugal marriage for Protestants is a red herring. Protestants don’t oppose same-sex marriage because they have a strong belief in conjugal marriage. Rather, they oppose same-sex marriage because they believe that there is something yucky about the experience of homoeroticism.
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“Of course, some conservatives do recognize the hypocrisy and want to hold Christians to account in taking Jesus’s command seriously.”
Jeremy, I’m confused by your link to Russell Moore. He argues that unions after divorce (other than for porneia, etc.) although “entered into sinfully” are true marriages “because they signify the Christ/church bond of the one-flesh union” and therefore those who have entered an illicit union should “resolve to be faithful” to it. I assume, given the “one-flesh” reference, that Moore sees faithfulness as including continuation of sexual relations; he certainly raises no objection to it.
First, this is not the traditional Christian view, as I understand it –that view is summed up well by the Church of England’s marriage ritual, for instance: “so many as are coupled together otherwise than God’s word doth allow are not joined together by God; neither is their matrimony lawful.”
Second, and more to the point, is Moore is willing to apply the same standard to same-sex couples (i.e. as long as you “repent” of entering a same-sex relationship in the first place, you may continue having sexual relations your same-sex partner)? I very much doubt it. That is where the charge of “hypocrisy” comes from… for gays, its, “go and sin no more,” while for heterosexuals its carry on without changing your behaviour.
That’s a fair point. I mostly pointed to Russell Moore due to his argument about how Christians have not taken biblical teaching on divorce very seriously, and that we need to do so.
For Protestants coming from a “sola scriptura” perspective, the question is a little more complicated on this issue, because the Bible doesn’t state as clearly whether the act of remarriage is the adultery, or every sexual act within the remarriage. Whereas with gay sex, the condemnation is just about gay sex, not about entering a marriage. So it’s not as straightforward a parallel as it probably looks from a Catholic perspective, where historical teaching that the remarriage is totally illegitimate (as opposed to being a one-time sin) is part of the received tradition.
I do think Protestants tend to take historical Christian tradition too lightly, so I’m not endorsing everything Russell Moore said. But overall, I mostly saw his piece as a needed corrective to the state of the evangelical church today.
This has nothing to do with Protestants vs. Roman Catholics!
Everyone knows “adultery” = a married person having sex with
someone who is not their spouse. The Scriptures weren’t written in
English, but there’s a reason English translators employ that term
when they translate. St Paul is perfectly clear:
“… a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is
alive, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law that
binds her to him. So then, if she has sexual relations with
another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an
adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is released from that
law and is not an adulteress if she marries another man.” (Rom
7:2-3)
You can hem and haw and re-interpret that if you like, but you’re
are doing just as much violence to the obvious meaning of the text
(if not more) as liberals who try to soften the meaning of the
clobber passages to make room for same-sex relationships.
Even if you choose to ignore all of this sense and idiosyncratically re-define “adultery” to refers only to the act of re-marrying (and then re-read the Scriptures in light of your new definition), the fact is these “acts” of remarriage only occur because your pastors have chosen to flip the bird to biblical teaching and marry any and every heterosexual coupling. So its totally disingenuous for evangelical pastors to say, “oh well, you really shouldn’t have gotten married, but since I just married you, enjoy the sex!”
I’m curious – how do SF readers respond to re-married couples in their churches? What do you think about them? What can you say about them?
That last paragraph is where I thought Russell Moore was making a needed corrective. Protestant pastors have far too readily performed these illegitimate remarriages, and this is the main thing I was pointing out in my post.
I was not agreeing with Russell Moore on everything, just pointing out that he’s at least moving in the right direction compared to the church body he’s part of.
I don’t have an issue with remarriage because I believe that the eschatological purpose of conjugal marriage was fulfilled in Christ, and that marriage in this current eschatological age is a secular-pragmatic construct. Of course, there are still ethical considerations that govern how we as Christians conduct ourselves within secular institutions. But I don’t see divorce and remarriage as necessarily problematic.
I’d also like to see us think more creatively about social scripts for same-sex coupling. There are certainly many problematic features connected to the predominant scripts for same-sex coupling in our culture. But there is no necessity to these social scripts. They’re just the ones that have evolved in the last few decades. I’d like to see us think more creatively about what same-sex committed friendship looks like.
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Number of teams: 8
Website: http://uefa.com
The UEFA European Under-19 Championship is an annual football competition for men organised by the sport's European governing body, UEFA.
The competition has been held since 1948. It was originally called the FIFA International Youth Tournament, until it was taken over by UEFA in 1956. In 1980, it was restyled the UEFA European Under-18 Championship. As changes were made to player eligibility dates in 2001, the championship received its current name, which has been used since the 2002 championship. The contest has been held every year since its inauguration in 1948, except for the period between 1984 and 1992, when it was only held every other year.
The tournament has been played in a number of different formats during its existence. Currently it consists of two stages, similar to UEFA's other European championship competitions. The qualifying stage is open to all UEFA members, and the final stage is contested between eight teams.
During even years, the best finishing teams qualify for the FIFA U-20 World Cup held in the next (odd) year. Currently, five teams can qualify for the World Cup, consisting of the top two of their groups plus the winner of a play-off match between the third-placed teams of each group.
The age limit of the event was under-18 (calendar year) at the beginning of the qualification but co-current with the new name, the age limit became under-19 during the final tournament. Thus, the age limit never changed as the qualification always began a year before the final tournament.
Round: AllRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6Round 7Round 8Round 9Round 10Round 11Round 12Round 13Round 14 Сезон: 20182019
1 Spain U19 2 1 1 0 5 2 3 4
2 Portugal U19 2 1 1 0 4 1 3 4
3 Italy U19 2 1 0 1 4 3 1 3
4 Armenia U19 2 0 0 2 1 8 -7 0
1 France U19 1 1 0 0 3 0 3 3
2 Ireland U19 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
3 Norway U19 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
4 Czech Republic U19 1 0 0 1 0 3 -3 0
3 Italy U19 1 0 0 1 0 3 -3 0
4 Armenia U19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Czech Republic U19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Сезон: 20182019
Euro U19. Fixture. Results.
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Number of teams: 12
Website: http://internationalchampionscup.com
The International Champions Cup (ICC) is an annual club association football exhibition competition. It features club teams from Europe playing pre-season friendly matches, originally in the United States and Canada, but in the years since also in venues in China, Australia, Mexico and across Europe. The ICC was founded by Relevent Sports, a division of RSE ventures based out of northern New Jersey, a sports venture firm founded in 2012 by billionaire real estate magnate and Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross and Matt Higgins, a former executive with the New York Jets. It replaced the World Football Challenge, which had featured a more even distribution of European- and American-based sides.
During the 2014 tournament, a match between Manchester United and Real Madrid at Michigan Stadium set the all-time record for attendance at a soccer game in the United States with 109,318 spectators.
The format has changed in each competition. Subsequent tournaments have had different numbers of teams in the three locations.
In the 2013 iteration, the participants were designated as part an "Eastern" and a "Western" group based on the location of their group stage matches. The groups were not played as a round-robin; rather, the winners of the first-round matches played each other in the second round, and the first-round losers also played each other in the second round. The two teams with two wins from the first two matches advanced to the final. The other three teams of each group were then ranked based on their records in the two matches played, with a game won in regulation time counting for two points and a game won on a deciding penalty shootout (no tied games were permitted) counting for one, with traditional methods of ranking – goal difference, goals scored, etc – determining order in case of two teams having the same points total. After the teams in each group had been ranked, they were paired against their opposite number from the other group, second playing second, third playing third, fourth playing fourth, with the results of these final matches determining a definitive placing for each team, from first place to eighth.
In the 2014 season, this slightly awkward system was done away with, the teams separating into non-geographical groups and playing a round-robin format with one game played against each other team in their group. After each team has played three games, the top-placed team from each group contested a final to determine the overall winner.
Starting with the 2015 season the tournament was separated into three geographic editions with a winner crowned for each region based on points total. The 2015 and 2016 tournament held editions in North America and Europe, Australia, and China. The Australia and China tournaments were contested as three-team round-robin competitions (Real Madrid participated in both), and the North America and Europe edition featured ten teams (including three US-based MLS teams) which played four matches each. The 2016 season retained the same format and regions, with Melbourne Victory of the A-League joining as the fourth team in the Australia region. In 2017 Singapore replaced Australia as one of the three regions.
In 2018, all 18 participating teams contested the tournament as part of a single table, with each team playing three matches and the champion crowned based on points total. Matches were held across 15 venues in the United States, 7 in Europe, and 1 in Singapore.
The physical trophy was created by silversmiths Thomas Lyte in partnership with EPICO Studios.
For the first two years (2013–2014), Guinness signed on to be the title sponsor for the entire tournament which, at that time, was only in North America.
For the 2015 competition, there was no overall sponsor, rather there was a unique Presenting Sponsor for each regional tournament. The North American tournament was presented by Guinness, whereas the Australian tournament was presented by Audi. Heineken became the presenting sponsor of the tournament from 2016 onward.
Round: AllRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6Round 7Round 8Round 9Round 10Round 11Round 12Round 13Round 14Round 15Round 16Round 17Round 18Round 19Round 20Round 21Round 22 Сезон: 201420152016201720182019
1 Arsenal 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3
2 Fiorentina 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3
3 Atletico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Benfica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Inter Milan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Manchester United 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Milan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Real Madrid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Tottenham Hotspur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Juventus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 Bayern Munich 1 0 0 1 1 2 -1 0
12 Guadalajara 1 0 0 1 1 2 -1 0
4 Bayern Munich 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Guadalajara 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Tottenham Hotspur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Сезон: 201420152016201720182019
Arsenal — Bayern Munich highlights & goal video 2:1 (18.07.2019)
Atletico — Inter Milan highlights & goal video 0:1 (11.08.2018)
Real Madrid — Roma highlights & goal video 2:1 (08.08.2018)
Chelsea — Lyon highlights & goal video 0:0 (pen. 5:4) (07.08.2018)
Milan — Barcelona highlights & goal video 1:0 (05.08.2018)
Real Madrid — Juventus highlights & goal video 3:1 (05.08.2018)
International Champions Cup. Fixture. Results.
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admin1 September 20, 2016
Written by Honor Whiteman, Medical News Today, September 8, 2016.
A 21-year-old man left paralyzed after a spinal cord injury has regained the use of his arms and hands, thanks to an experimental stem cell treatment performed by researchers from the Keck Medical Center at the University of Southern California.
In March of this year, Kristopher (Kris) Boesen, from Bakersfield, CA, was involved in a car accident, in which he suffered severe trauma to his cervical spine that left him paralyzed from the neck down and unable to breathe without assistance.
Doctors told Kris that he might never regain the use of his limbs; current surgical procedures for spinal cord injury focus on stabilizing the spine to prevent further damage, but they rarely improve movement and sensation.
Kris then learned of a clinical trial – led by Dr. Edward D. Wirth III, chief medical director of Asterias Biotherapeutics – looking to enroll patients with spinal cord injury.
The ongoing trial is testing a novel therapy involving injections of AST-OPC1 – an agent consisting of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that derive from embryonic stem cells. OPCs are the myelin-forming cells of the brain and spinal cord that help nerve cells to function.
According to Asterias Biotherapeutics – the developer of AST-OPC1 – preclinical trials of the agent in models of spinal cord injury have shown it leads to “reduction of the size of the injury cavity, restoration of the protective ‘myelin’ coating on nerve cells, production of factors that stimulate nerve cell growth, and recruitment of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the site.”
In order to take part in the trial – named “SCiStar” – patients need to be able to breathe without the help of a ventilator. Though it normally takes 3 weeks to wean a patient off assisted breathing, with the help of a dedicated respiratory team, Kris managed it in 5 days.
After further tests, he was confirmed as being eligible to take
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Upgrade offer for Ori and the Blind Forest owners on Xbox One
If you already own Ori and the Blind Forest for Xbox One, you can upgrade to the Definitive Edition of the game for a discounted price. The Definitive Edition enhances the award-winning original release with new content, including new areas and abilities, more story sequences, multiple difficulty modes, fast travel between areas, and more.
To upgrade to Ori and the Blind Forest: Definitive Edition on Xbox One:
From the Xbox Home screen, scroll right to Store.
Scroll down and select Search games store.
Search for “Ori” and select “Ori and the Blind Forest: Definitive Edition Upgrade” from the list of results.
On the game description page, select the Buy button, and then complete the purchase.
If you don’t see the upgrade available, go to My games and apps. Then, under Games, make sure that you see Ori and the Blind Forest. If it's not displayed there, scroll right to Available to install. If you see it there, this means that you own Ori and the Blind Forest.
If you don’t see Ori and the Blind Forest installed or available to install, you don’t own it. Someone else using your console and a different account may have purchased it or redeemed the code to download it digitally. Check to see if that account is able to purchase the Definitive Edition at the discounted price.
Ori and the Blind Forest: Definitive Edition on Xbox One
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Our Insights 21 May 2014
Building New Marketplaces at the Bottom of the Pyramid
By Lindsay Clinton
Flick image of step pyramid by Ed Yourdon
In 2004, the late CK Prahalad, an influential management professor and author, published The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, a book that urged companies to use a new lens to view the poor. Prahalad advocated for envisioning those at the bottom of the economic pyramid as producers and consumers of products, rather than merely as philanthropic beneficiaries.
Ten years later, several large companies have adopted Prahalad’s ideas and, in the process, have demonstrated that serving the “base of the pyramid” consumer can make good business sense. I analyzed several of these “base of the pyramid” business models — what we call “Building a Marketplace” — in Model Behavior: 20 Business Model Innovations for Sustainability, a report that I co-wrote and released earlier this year.
In the report, I showed that when companies deploy this model, they build new markets for their products in innovative and socially responsible ways. Among other things, this can include delivering social programs, adapting to local markets and bundling with other services like microfinance and technical assistance.
Improving healthcare in India
The pharmaceutical company Novartis implemented the building a marketplace model through its Arogya Parivar initiative, a for-profit effort to improve health in poor, rural communities in India without access to affordable healthcare.
Using a “1 plus 1 education” strategy, Arogya Parivar employs health educators to instruct villagers on a variety of health topics, thereby creating greater confidence in medicine. An accompanying supervisor, the “plus one”, educates doctors, service providers and pharmacies, and assesses an area’s needs.
Rather than solely focusing on selling products to a market, Novartis has taken on the challenge of empowering entire communities by educating potential customers – along with those who assess health and provide medicine – about their community health needs. To ensure the program’s success, Novartis has altered its product pricing structure, making medications available in small packs at affordable prices. In most cases, the cost doesn’t exceed $1.25 a week.
Arogya Parivar started in 2007 as a pilot program in South India. Since then, it has spread to ten Indian states and now reaches more than 40 million people. Novartis reports that the program broke even within 30 months. Recently, the company expanded it to Kenya and Vietnam, and plan to open in Indonesia.
The road to scale has not been easy, and Novartis has had to invest in an entirely new business ecosystem. However, by doing so, the company aims to earn trust, brand allegiance and revenue from a new group of consumers who might have increased spending power in the future.
Microfinance in Mexico
On the other side of the world in Mexico, Cemex, a company in an entirely different industry, has taken a similar approach to building a new marketplace. Over 100 years old, the company is one of the world’s largest building materials suppliers and cement producers. Sixteen years ago, it established the Patrimonio Hoy program, which makes building materials like cement, concrete blocks and steel available to low-income urban and peri-urban communities at market rates.
Although its prices are often on par, or slightly higher, than those of its competitors, Patrimonio Hoy offers greater value. Through the program, customers are able to access microfinance loans that allow them to pay for the products over time. Patrimonio Hoy also offers technical assistance and architectural guidance for customers, nearly all of whom construct their own homes.
Patrimonio Hoy doesn’t just sell to communities; it also works within their existing social structures. Key to the success of the model is its network of community-based promoters, usually women, who tell friends and family members about the company and its program. Promoters are rewarded on a commission basis for every customer they bring in.
Through Patrimonio Hoy, Cemex has supplied affordable building materials and services, along with more than $135m in microcredit, to finance the construction of new homes for 420,000 families. The program has had an outsize impact in some communities, creating new jobs for local masons, increasing property values, and enabling the establishment of home-based businesses.
Selling insurance via mobile phones in Zambia
MicroEnsure, a global insurance provider, is building marketplaces in a slightly different way, leaning on local partners to secure customers and market its products. Working in emerging markets, in which at least 95% of the population is uninsured, MicroEnsure faces an uphill battle: Customers are reticent to buy a product that they might need in three years.
Rather than selling insurance directly to customers, MicroEnsure handles the product design, technology platform and call center for its products, but works with local insurance providers to shoulder the risk. It also collaborates with mobile phone service providers, who have established relationships and brand recognition, to market its products. The mobile providers offer insurance to existing customers for free upfront for six months, and then invite them to pay a small fee, about $1 per month, to continue their coverage. The mobile providers are willing to pay the cost of the premium to MicroEnsure because the insurance makes mobile customers less likely to switch providers and more likely to increase the amount they spend.
Together, with local partners, MicroEnsure is building an entirely new insurance marketplace. The model appears to be working: MicroEnsure currently serves seven million customers around the world and is growing monthly. Earlier this year, the company entered Zambia, where previously only 1% of the population was insured. After a month, 17% of the population was insured.
Building a successful, scalable marketplace is a long-term business plan and one that is not without challenges. Novartis, for example, must keep the greater good of the community in mind through intensive education initiatives rather than just marketing and selling, per business as usual. Cemex team members have taken up residence in villages to truly understand the communities they are trying to reach.
While building a marketplace has its challenges, it’s a smart entry point for a company that wants to establish a new customer base, especially as more people are lifted out of poverty and into the middle class around the world.
This article was originally published in Guardian Sustainable Business. It is the fourth in a series of posts by SustainAbility about business model innovations that accelerate social and environmental impact.
Lindsay Clinton
Based in New York, Lindsay’s consulting portfolio, research and thought leadership focus on the potential of business to create social benefit and the role of the private sector in advancing sustainable development.
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Governance: our leadership
Our academic leaders
Home / About us / Governance and structure / Governance: our leadership / Chancellor
People_
Chancellor Belinda Hutchinson AM
Our 18th Chancellor is also one of our most distinguished alumni
The Chancellor’s role is to facilitate work carried out by the Senate to support the wellbeing of our University and ensure our high standing in the wider community.
Belinda Hutchinson AM, BEc Sydney
Belinda Hutchinson AM became the 18th Chancellor of the University of Sydney in February 2013.
She is a strong advocate for the critical role of world-class education and research in securing Australia’s social and economic future.
She graduated with a Bachelor of Economics degree from the University of Sydney and in 2012 received a University Alumni Award for professional achievement.
She has a deep interest in developing a culture of philanthropy and sits on a number of not-for-profit boards, including Australian Philanthropic Services and St Vincent’s Health Australia’s NSW Advisory board. She is currently also Chairman of Future Generation Global Investment Company, Australia’s largest impact investing fund with a focus on child and youth mental health. Her family foundation supports a variety of community-based initiatives such as the Hunger Project in Malawi, Africa.
In the business sphere, she is Chairman of Thales Australia Limited, a non-executive director of Qantas and a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants and the Institute of Company Directors.
She was previously Chairman of QBE Insurance Group, a director of Telstra, Coles Myer, Energy Australia, TAB, St Vincent’s Health Australia, Crane Group, a non-executive director of AGL Energy and President of the NSW State Library Council.
Belinda is a champion for increasing opportunities for women in leadership positions and is a past president of Chief Executive Women, which comprises more than 400 of the country’s women leaders.
The role of our Senate
Meet the Vice-Chancellor
Dr Michael Spence
Belinda Hutchinson AM
“World-class tertiary education and research are critical to the economic and social future of Australia and I’m confident the University of Sydney will continue to be a key contributor to that future.”
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What it takes to fly the U-2 spy plane at the edge of outer space
The Air Force Says It Doesn't Plan To Recall Retired Pilots To Fix Shortage
Christopher Woody, Business Insider
When an Air Force major called J.J. completed a solo flight in the U-2 in late August 2016 — 60 years after the high-flying aircraft was introduced — he became the 1,000th pilot to do so.
J.J., whose name was withheld by the U.S. Air Force for security reasons, earned his solo patch a few days after pilots No. 998 and No. 999. Those three pilots are in distinguished company, two fellow pilots said this month.
"We have a pretty small, elite team of folks. We're between about 60 and 70 active-duty pilots at any given time," Maj. Matt "Top" Nauman said during an Air Force event at the Intrepid Sea, Air, and Space Museum in New York City.
"We're about 1,050 [pilots] right now. So to put that in context, there are more people with Super Bowl rings than there are people with U-2 patches," Nauman added. "It's a pretty small group of people that we've hired over the last 60 to 65 years."
Dragon Lady US Air Force U-2 Air Force pilots pilot training u.s. air force military aviation spy planes military tech community i spy
U.S. Air Force photo
The Air Force says it doesn’t plan to use new authority granted by an amended executive order to recall retired pilots to correct an ongoing personnel shortage.
air force pilots Defense Secretary Jim Mattis executive order
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Highest-Paid Country Singers of 2017 Revealed
Rick Diamond / Ethan Miller, Getty Images
Collectively, the 11 artists on Forbes’ highest paid country artists list earned $366 million, but that’s actually down from last year. Who’s No. 1? Find out which artist topped $60 million last year!
Kenny Chesney, Toby Keith, Luke Bryan and Jason Aldean all return to the Forbes list one year after making a collective $393 million. Florida Georgia Line are on this list, and so is Blake Shelton, who is probably the only artist to make a hefty sum of his income from non-country pursuits. The paycheck he draws from The Voice on NBC pays him double-digit millions.
There's only one female on this of highest-paid country singers, which is pretty surprising, but maybe not when you consider how few women gain radio airplay and that Carrie Underwood (not listed) didn't tour heavily during the entirety of the last 12 months. Flip through the list to see who's No. 1, according to Forbes. Hint: We haven't mentioned his name yet.
Here's how Forbes comes to these rankings and figures, in their words:
In order to create our list of the world’s highest-paid country music acts, we evaluate touring numbers from Pollstar and record sales data from Nielsen while performing independent research on outside business ventures and endorsement deals. Our estimates represent pretax income from June 1, 2016 through June 1, 2017; fees for managers, agents and lawyers are not deducted.
This is actually the third straight year Garth Brooks has taken the honor of being Forbes' highest paid. In 2015 he raked in $90 million, followed by $70 million last year. Toby Keith was the last person not named Garth to come in on top, doing so in 2014.
Garth Brooks Gives a Fan His Guitar and He Freaks Out!
Next: See the 10 Hottest Country Tours of 2017
Filed Under: Blake Shelton, Dolly Parton, Eric Church, Florida Georgia Line, Garth Brooks, Jason Aldean, Keith Urban, Kenny Chesney, Luke Bryan, Toby Keith, Zac Brown Band
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Child and youth health
Story: Child and youth health
Health status of children and young people
Socio-economic status, ethnicity and health
Infectious diseases and immunisation
Cot death, obesity and other child-health issues
Youth health issues
Primary health initiatives
Children at a teddy bears' picnic, Dunedin, 2005
In the early 2000s, the overall health of New Zealand children was very good. Most children were very healthy and grew into healthy adults. However, some groups of children had consistently poorer health than others. Differences in health status was a major concern for health workers and researchers.
Otago Daily Times
Reference: 21 February 2005, p. 14
Photograph by Peter McIntosh
Permission of the Otago Daily Times must be obtained before any re-use of this image.
New Zealand infant mortality rate, 1862–2017
Kerryn Pollock, 'Child and youth health - Health status of children and young people', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/photograph/30307/children-at-a-teddy-bears-picnic-dunedin-2005 (accessed 19 July 2019)
Story by Kerryn Pollock, published 5 May 2011, reviewed & revised 29 Nov 2018
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Back to all videos
Undocumented, Unafraid, and Unapologetic
Alejandro Fuentes Mena and Tania Chairez are two DACAmented educators in Colorado with roots in Chile and Mexico, respectively. Amidst the national immigration debate that threatens their personal safety and professional futures, they seek to showcase their humanity and declare themselves Undocumented, Unafraid, and Unapologetic. Will you stand and fight alongside them and the 11 million other undocumented people in the U.S.? Born in Chihuahua, Mexico and raised in Phoenix, Arizona, Tania Chairez came to the United States with her parents to live the American Dream. Tania received a B.S. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania and a M.Ed. in Secondary Education from Grand Canyon University. As a publicly undocumented immigrant, Tania has been a community organizer centered around immigrant rights since 2011, taught 7th and 8th grade English, and is now an advisor for college students who have graduated from KIPP Colorado Schools. Tania has been featured on the cover of TIME Magazine and was named one of 12 Inspiring Latinas Under 25 by Latina Magazine.
Alejandro Fuentes Mena was born in Valparaiso, Chile and grew up in San Diego, California after the age of four. He received a B.A. in Psychology from Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington. Through Teach for America, Alejandro was one of the first two DACAmented teachers in the nation and is now in his fifth year of teaching in Colorado. He regularly performs in an a cappella group, the StoryTellers303, and sings in the band, the Pink Hawks.
Tania V. Chairez
Alejandro Fuentes Mena
Lessons from the World Avoided
Dare to be Authentic
Erin Weed
What Being A Public Outrage Taught Me About Fighting Inequality
Yassmin Abdel-Magied
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THOMAS REYES
Thomas Reyes is a comedy writer from Los Angeles. Growing up, his Filipino-immigrant parents moved a lot. He attended seven different schools, and lived in Las Vegas for seven years, all by middle school. As an only child, he could make friends easily, but sitcoms became his surrogate siblings. He attended UCLA and after graduating, instead of going to law school, he studied sitcom writing at UCLA Extension. He has worked in a variety of positions in both scripted and unscripted television. He has written for the Disney ABC Talent Showcase, the CBS Diversity Sketch Workshop, and was a finalist at the Austin Film Festival. He has written for ISAtv and co-wrote the BuzzFeed series Ask an Asian. Following the Workshop, he was staffed on American Woman (Paramount Network).
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Nepal | July 19, 2019
The Himalayan Times > Business > Inflation moderates to 10.2pc
Inflation moderates to 10.2pc
Published: April 21, 2016 2:30 am On: Business
Himalayan News Service
Kathmandu, April 20
Improved supply of fuel and daily essentials and narrow inflation wedge between Nepal and India helped limit inflation to 10.2 per cent in the eighth month (mid-February to mid-March) of this fiscal.
The Macroeconomic Report of the eighth month unveiled by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) today shows that the consumer price inflation moderated to 10.2 per cent in mid-March from a peak of 12.1 per cent in mid-January.
Consumer price inflation has slipped since mid-January after normalcy was restored in the southern customs points. Consumer price index stood at 11.3 per cent in mid-February as the border blockade at the southern plains organised by the Madhes-based political parties ended from the first week of February.
Inflation of food and beverages, nevertheless, is still higher compared to the services group inflation. Food and beverages group inflation dropped to 10.3 per cent as against 12.8 per cent in the previous month. Meanwhile, non-food and services group inflation edged up to 10.2 per cent against 10.1 per cent in the preceding month.
Meanwhile, inflation in India has also slightly moderated since January due to fall in oil prices. Narrow inflation wedge between India and Nepal is another reason behind moderate inflation as the country is largely dependent on the southern neighbour for import of daily essentials, industrial raw materials and is entirely reliant for fuel import.
“Inflation in the country was 10.2 per cent in mid-March as compared to 4.8 per cent in India during the same period, showing an inflation wedge of 5.4 per cent during the review period,” says the NRB report.
A year ago, inflation in Nepal stood at seven per cent compared to 5.3 per cent in India, reflecting a narrower inflation wedge of 1.7 per cent. Inflation wedge between Nepal and India, which rose due to the massive temblors of last year and disruptions in supply lines from the southern neighbour, has been gradually narrowing down in recent months.
In the review period, supply from all the customs points with India except for Birgunj — the major trade route with the southern neighbour — rose significantly. Import growth from dry port customs office (also located in Birgunj) rose by 11.7 per cent to Rs 60.31 billion, Bhairahawa by 71.3 per cent to Rs 108.25 billion and Biratnagar by 8.5 per cent to Rs 72.84 billion as compared to the corresponding period of the previous fiscal.
Similarly, import surged by 13.9 per cent to Rs 18.40 billion from Mechi, 10.2 per cent to Rs 16.83 billion from Nepalgunj, over 100 per cent from Krishnanagar to Rs 8.7 billion and over 100 per cent to Rs 8.96 billion from Kailali customs office, against the corresponding period of the previous fiscal, as per NRB.
Some routes also emerged as alternative trade routes, like import from Jaleshwar Customs Office surged by 242.8 per cent to Rs 1.47 billion in the review period.
Export slumps substantially
KATHMANDU: Export of goods and services from the country dropped around 25 per cent in the first eight months of this fiscal. The country exported goods and services worth Rs 42.73 billion as compared to Rs 56.87 billion in the corresponding period of last fiscal. Export to China and India dropped heavily by 45.9 per cent and 34.5 per cent, respectively, in the review period due to obstructions of trade routes. China has only temporarily opened the Tatopani trade route so far after it was damaged in last year’s earthquake. Similarly, the four-month long protest along the border points with India organised by Madhesi parties also adversely affected export and import to and from India. Third-country export also dropped by 3.7 per cent as the unfavourable economic situation affected the production sector and exporters failed to deliver the goods to their third-country buyers in a timely manner. In the review period, import declined by 13.9 per cent to Rs 425.8 billion.
A version of this article appears in print on April 21, 2016 of The Himalayan Times.
Follow The Himalayan Times on Twitter and Facebook
Recommended Stories:
© 2019 The Himalayan Times
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Home » Thissen visits Mac Dems as caucuses draw near
Thissen visits Mac Dems as caucuses draw near
As the Minnesota gubernatorial race approaches its first caucuses, The Macalester Democrats (Mac Dems) have started preparing for a long election season.
On Thursday, Jan. 25, at their second meeting this semester, Mac Dems hosted State Rep. Paul Thissen (D-MN), a candidate running for the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) nomination.
At the open Q&A-style meeting, attendees had the opportunity to quiz Thissen on his platform, political experience, and views on current issues.
Thissen, raised in Bloomington, was first elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 2002. He was appointed Chair of the Health and Human Services Committee in 2007, and served as minority leader from 2011 until 2012, when the DFL regained their majority status. From 2013-2015, Thissen served as the speaker of the House.
During the session, he shared his position on a broad spectrum of issues but highlighted racial disparity, early childhood care, and clean water as his top priorities should he be elected governor.
Thissen noted that Minnesota is the second most racially disparate state in the country, behind only Wisconsin.
“We need to be a lot more intentional,” he said. “There is institutional racism built into our system.”
“I’m a big proponent of what we call promise neighborhoods,” Thissen added. “Every child born in these neighborhoods, they say ‘this child is going to go to college.’”
The St. Paul Promise Neighborhood organization serves the Frogtown, Rondo and Summit-University neighborhoods and provides services to students with the goal of closing the education opportunity gap. As governor, Thissen would encourage similar initiatives.
He also addressed racial inequality in the criminal justice system – an institution, Thissen noted, that “doesn’t always live up to its name.”
Minnesota made national headlines in July 2016 when footage of a St. Anthony police officer shooting and killing Philando Castile at a traffic stop went viral. .
“We can re-adjust the use-of-force laws in Minnesota,” Thissen said. “There should be some reasonable standard there.”
In addition, Thissen prioritized reforms such as the legalization of marijuana, reducing the cost of bail, and shortening probationary terms.
“I was really impressed with his kind of frank analysis of the equity issues that Minnesota faces,” Mac Dems co-chair Sophia Hays ’20 said. “I thought he did just a good job of pinpointing the issues we need to work on: criminal justice reform and climate justice are obviously parts of that. I just think it’s rare that you find someone with a direct point of view.”
On the subject of healthcare, Thissen highlighted his goal of introducing a single-payer system and providing financial assistance for early childhood care, language interpretation services in hospitals, and other benefits.
“I really liked his progressive platform, especially his universal healthcare push for the state,” Mac Dems member Marco A. Hernandez ’19 said. “I believe it’s really important to have that change so that people can have healthcare.”
During the session, Thissen continued to return to the economy as an underlying issue in Minnesota – specifically advocating affordable housing, closing state tax loopholes, and preventing House Republicans from lowering taxes.
“When other communities do better, it improves the lives of people here in St. Paul,” he added.
“I thought he really knew what he was talking about,” Hannah Maycock ’19, the other co-chair of Mac Dems said. “Sometimes you meet a politician and they just don’t talk and they’re kind of wishy-washy. But he filled up the whole time, was able to answer everyone’s questions and you could tell he really had experience.”
If there were any complaints levelled at Thissen, they had to do with the credit he attributed to The Twin Cities for carrying Hillary Clinton to a narrow victory in Minnesota in the 2016 presidential election.
“One thing that I have a problem with is that he sort of has this urban preference,” Hernandez said. “I remember he once said that if it wasn’t for the Twin Cities, Hillary wouldn’t have won and we wouldn’t have the number of DFL legislators [at] the Capitol. There was no attention to rural voters in greater Minnesota.”
“The thing that’s happening in the DFL is they’re losing voters left and right in greater Minnesota because of the lack of attention that these rural voters feel,” Hernandez continued.
Thissen did, however, address issues concerning greater Minnesota – specifically in the areas of infrastructure and the economy.
“Economic security issues are really things I want to focus in on,” Thissen said, noting that those issues affect citizens from the Cities and across Minnesota, in rural Minnesota in particular.
“One of the things we need to do is unify our party and unify our state,” Thissen said. “I think we need a governor who’s willing to go out into Minnesota and engage.”
There is a long race ahead of Thissen and his fellow gubernatorial candidates before the general election on November 6th. Mac Dems plans to devote more time to the race in the coming months.
“Minnesota is kind of a fun state for 2018 because we’ve got the governor up and both senators. Tina Smith is gonna run in November and Amy Klobuchar is up for reelection [too],” Hays said. “In that sense, I think we can really stay local.”
“I think we see our role now in Mac Dems as sort of directing students to campaigns as they see fit,” Hays said. “Bringing in speakers and getting campaign literature and volunteer sign ups and all that stuff.”
“Any Mac student can come to any of our meetings. With these Q&A events, in the future, we post them in the MacDaily,” Haycock said.
Mac Dems wants to empower students to get involved in elections at a time when many are disillusioned with the state of politics in Washington D.C.
“I think it’s hard to be excited about politics in a climate like this,” Hays said, “but the goal, I think, for Democrats in 2018 is not to just show up to the polls and vote – it’s to go to the phone bank, door knock, bring a friend to the polls. Really encourage voter turnout, get excited, get involved.”
Hernandez encourages all interested students to reach out to Mac Dems for these opportunities.
“If you’re a Democrat here at Macalester, Mac Dems really does have connections to campaigns and also internships with the DFL here in Minnesota,” he said.
Since he was elected on Super Tuesday in 2016, Hernandez has served as the DFL precinct chair for Senate District 64, where he has
“When you go out and speak to candidates and legislators, they know where Macalester is and the types of students that are molded there,” Hernandez said. “It gives Mac Dems an advantage when they want to organize something that the DFL really does want Mac students.”
The DFL will be holding their Precinct 64 caucus next Tuesday, Feb. 6th at 7pm in the John B. Davis Lecture Hall. The Republican caucus will take place at the same time at Highland Park High School.
Mac Dems holds open meetings every Thursday at 8pm in CC 214.
Hannah Catlin
News Editor, Training Coordinator
Hannah Catlin '21 (she/her/hers) is a news editor for The Mac Weekly. She reads way too much into the lyrics of John Cougar Mellencamp's "Jack & Diane."
candidate childcare clean water DFL mac dems Paul Thissen racial equality
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GREAT INTRODUCTIONS
Ok, so there are intros and then they’re are great intros. What qualifies as great in my books? In this week’s playlist some songs feature opening segments that are totally independent from the rest of the track. Others just start with the main riff. Our opening song, INTRO/SWEET JANE is from Lou Reed’s live album Rock n Roll Animal, released in 1974, and it’s a terrific example of a great intro. The opening jam from guitarists Steve Hunter and Dick Wagner creates an air of anticipation for what is still to come. The quality of this video clip isn’t great but I had to include it because any chance to see Lou and the band performing in 1974 is worth the annoyance.
The Breeders, (what a brilliant name for an almost all girl band), was formed in 1988 by Kim Deal of The Pixies and Tanya Donnelly of Throwing Muses. Their most successful album Last Splash produced the hit single CANNONBALL and the outstanding part of that song’s intro is the bass line, performed by Josephine Wiggs. The music video was directed by Kim Gordon and Spike Jonze and its a doozy:
The opening salutation on Stevie Wonder’s SIR DUKE is not an introduction that blends into the song; those actual chords are never repeated. It’s a tribute to Duke Ellington and so the intro sets the tone for the piece as a whole, foreshadowing the looser, jazzier solos later in the song.
On Isaac Hayes’ brilliant funk version of the Dionne Warwick classic WALK ON BY the intro becomes a song within a song. On this clip Isaac performs live at Music Scene in 1969. OMG: Sex on a stick. But, about those girls dresses…..
The song ONE STEP BEYOND is from the Madness album of the same name. It was originally written and recorded by the Jamaican ska musician Prince Buster. The spoken line, “Don’t watch that, watch this” in the intro is from another Prince Buster song The Scorcher. Here they are at Glastonbury 2007 showing why they have such a great reputation for live performance:
One of the most recognisable intros in rock history is HOTEL CALIFORNIA from The Eagles. But when it comes to intros that get your attention and then drag you in, kicking and screaming, it has to be rock legends Led Zeppelin. IMMIGRANT SONG is famous for Robert Plant’s distinctive wailing cry at the beginning and the recurring staccato riff from Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones and, (sigh), John Bonham.
The Rolling Stones’ GIMME SHELTER starts rather timidly, with Keith Richards’ set of wavering chords, but it soon builds into a crescendo dominated by the lead guitar line. Here they are performing live in Amsterdam, 1995 with Lisa Fisher on back-up. Watch until the end and get a little bonus from Charlie Watts.
SMOKE ON THE WATER from Deep Purple is known for Ritchie Blackmore’s instantly recognisable opening riff. The lyrics of the song tell a true story: on 4 December 1971 Deep Purple had set up camp in Montreux Switzerland to record an album using a mobile recording studio at the entertainment complex that was part of the Montreux Casino. On the eve of the recording session a Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention concert was held in the casino’s theatre. In the middle of Don Preston’s synthesizer solo on “King Kong”, the place suddenly caught fire when somebody in the audience fired a flare gun into the rattan covered ceiling. The resulting fire destroyed the entire casino complex, along with all the Mothers’ equipment. The “smoke on the water” that became the title of the song referred to the smoke from the fire spreading over Lake Geneva from the burning casino as the members of Deep Purple watched the fire from their hotel across the lake.
It was difficult to pick from AC/DC’s repertoire of great introductions but I went with my all-time favourite, THUNDERSTRUCK. Angus Young gets the crowd going during this intro at Donnington 1991:
Derek & The Dominoes’ LAYLA has got to be one of rock’s definitive love songs. The introduction contains an overdub-heavy guitar solo, a duet of sorts between Duane Allman’s slide guitar and Eric Clapton’s bent notes.
A couple of controversial tracks followed, both with unique introductions. FIRESTARTER, by UK band The Prodigy, caught attention because the song was deemed, by some, to be violent. The video clip, directed by Walter Stern, further fueled these claims. Shot in stark black and white, in an used part of the London Underground, some television stations refused to air the clip. Which just makes me want to show it to you, even more! I think its brilliant.
The Prodigy are a hard act to follow but I think we succeeded with the compelling and dark Massive Attack track INTERTIA CREEPS. It’s from their excellent album Mezzanine.
When The Temptations’ PAPA WAS A ROLLING STONE was released in 1972 it was 12 minutes long! Thankfully there is a shorter version that’s suitable for radio that keeps that amazing intro intact. It begins with an extended instrumental starting with a solo plucked bass guitar, backed by hi-hat cymbals. Other instruments including a blues guitar, wah-wah guitar, Wurlitzer Electric Piano, handclaps, horns and strings gradually join in.
In 1974 David Bowie became obsessed with soul music and it resulted in the album YOUNG AMERICANS, which he created with the help of the great soul singer Luther Vandross. Here’s the Thin White Duke on the Dick Cavett Show in 1974 with, amongst others, Vandross singing back-up! Loving the shoulder pads.
The Beatles track I FEEL FINE was the first recorded song to feature guitar feedback. The story goes that, while recording, John Lennon accidentally left his guitar too close to his amp, producing the interesting whine that’s in tune with the riff’s opening note.
As an intro to our Gig Guide, I couldn’t resist playing some of Screamin’ Jay Hawkins’ I PUT A SPELL ON YOU. The demented opening and the cabaret style act, together with a cigarette smoking skull called ‘Henry’, laid the foundation for future ‘shock rock’ performers like Dr. John.
Another iconic opener belongs to the The Small Faces tune TIN SOLDIER. Here’s some rare coverage of the band with P.P.Arnold on Belgium TV in 1968. Go the Mods!
Quentin, from BayFM’s ‘Q’s Blues & Jazz’ suggested I do a show on Roads and Streets but I’d already done that quite a while ago. (I know, even I can’t remember what themes I’ve covered most of the time!). But she planted a seed that led me to Gerry Rafferty BAKER STREET and that consequently led to this week’s theme. So thank you Q! BAKER STREET has a stand-out opening with its prominent eight-bar saxophone hook, played by Raphael Ravenscroft.
As we headed for the close of the show, my favourite rock groups came to the fore. Pink Floyd’s MONEY had to be included for its distinctive opening of an impressive bass line and its seven-beat loop of money related sound effects.
While the Beatles may have been the first band to use feedback on a recording, the incredible Jimi Hendrix perfected the art. Again, which track to choose? FOXY LADY has always been a favourite and it does feature that almost excrutiating feedback at the beginning.
Our final track had me pushing up the sound and dancing out of the studio. Led Zeppelin seem to specialise in fantastic opening segments. A track that I absolutely adore is KASHMIR.
Next week we’ll be previewing the Mullumbimby Music Festival. Lots of great music and, I hope, an interview or two. Should be fun.
Here’s the complete playlist from this week’s show on Great Introductions:
Intro / Sweet Jane – Rock And Roll Animal, Lou Reed
Cannonball – Last Splash, The Breeders
Sir Duke – Songs In The Key Of Life [Disc 1], Stevie Wonder
Walk On By – Dead Presidents, Isaac Hayes
One Step Beyond – Total Madness: The Very Best Of Madness Madness
Hotel California – Hotel California, The Eagles
Immigrant Song – Rock 3, Led Zeppelin
Wipe Out – The Perfect Wave, The Surfaris
Smoke On The Water – Machine Head, Deep Purple
Thunderstruck – Razor’s Edge, AC/DC
Layla – Layla & Other Assorted Love Songs, Derek and The Dominos
Firestarter – Fat of the Land, The Prodigy
Inertia Creeps – Mezzanine, Massive Attack
Papa Was A Rollin’ Stone – Motown: The Classic Years [Disc 2], The Temptations
Young Americans – Young Americans [Bonus Tracks], David Bowie
I Put A Spell On You – Replay/Gold – Vol 1 No 5, Screamin’ Jay Hawkins
I Feel Fine – Beatles 1, The Beatles
Tin Soldier – The Best Sixties Album In The World Ever III-[Disc 2], The Small Faces
Baker Street – City To City, Gerry Rafferty
Money – Pink Floyd, Pink Floyd
Foxy Lady – Experience Hendrix: The Best Of Jimi Hendrix, Jimi Hendrix
Kashmir – Physical Graffiti, Led Zeppelin
Next week: MULLUMBIMBY MUSIC FESTIVAL PREVIEW
Posted in Broadcasting and media, community radio, Great Intros (Songs), jazz, music, music - nostalgia, music, blues, music, r&b, music, soul, pop, Radio Program, rock, ska, Uncategorized
Tags: AC/DC, Angus Young, Australia, Beatles, Blues, Byron Bay, David Bowie, Deep Purple, Derek & The Dominoes, Dick Wagner, Dr John, Duke Ellington, Eric Clapton, Frank Zappa & The Mothers of Invention, Gerry Rafferty, Great Introductions (Songs), Isaac Hayes, Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Josephine Wiggs, Keith Richards, Kim Deal, Kim Gordon, Led Zeppelin, Lisa Fisher, Lou Reed, Luther Vandross, Madness, Massive Attack, Montreux, Motown, Mullumbimby Music Festival, music, P.P. Arnold, Pink Floyd, pop, Prince Buster, R&B, radio, Raphael Ravenscroft, Ritchie Blackmore, Robert Plant, rock, rock 'n' roll, Rolling Stones, Screamin Jay Hawkins, soul, Spike Jonze, Steve Hunter, Stevie Wonder, Tanya Donnelly, The Breeders, The Eagles, The Pixies, The Prodigy, The Rolling Stones, The Small Faces, The Temptations, Theme music, Throwing Muses, Walter Stern
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Bounty Hunting: The Star Wars Exclusives Strike Back!
Posted by James Zahn | Jun 11, 2018 | Columns, Comic Books, Interests, Movies, Retro Pop!, Toys & Games, Transmissions from a Galaxy Far, Far Away | 0
Transmissions from a Galaxy Far, Far Away: Episode VI
This is the sixth column in a weekly series from The Rock Father James Zahn. Check back Fridays for the latest in what’s happening in the galaxy far, far away.
When it comes to collecting, the word “exclusive” can elicit an emotional response that runs the gamut from joy and excitement, to disappointment and even outright anger. This is something not limited to a single fandom, but a phenomenon that Star Wars fans have been dealing with longer than most. The name says it all—limited quantities of an item that many will want, and by design some people will be left out… excluded from the fun. In the recent Funko documentary, Making Fun, it’s noted that exclusives are a nightmare for completists, those who desire to have a complete collection. With something as expansive as Star Wars, complete collections are a rare thing, most easily accomplished by focusing efforts on a specific character or vehicle, as opposed to an entire line. With summer upon us, the “convention season” exclusives are starting to be revealed, and that means a lot of Star Wars that will be hard to track down.
When Hasbro formally announced the return of “The Vintage Collection” (TVC) last year, collectors were excited for a return to what many feel has been the best Star Wars action figure line of the past 40 years. At the 115th North American International Toy Fair in New York, we got our first look at some of the new stuff in the pipeline, and for the first TVC exclusive it’s all about a fan-favorite: Doctor Aphra.
The STAR WARS: THE VINTAGE COLLECTION DOCTOR APHRA COMIC SET reaches into the adventures of the STAR WARS comic universe with a trio of 3.75-inch-scale figures including DOCTOR APHRA, 0-0-0 (TRIPLE ZERO), and BT-1 (BEETEE). Each features premium deco across multiple points of articulation and design inspired by the Doctor Aphra comics published by Marvel.. Includes three figures and three accessories. Making its debut at San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC), limited quantities will be made available at select conventions and select online retailers after the convention in the relevant market including hasbrotoyshop.com.
The second notable SDCC Star Wars exclusive comes from Gentle Giant LTD, and like Hasbro, they’re throwing it back to the vintage look of the Kenner era. To celebrate the 35th Anniversary of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, they’re releasing the ROTJ edition Jumbo Boba Fett. This new figure continues a tradition started in 2010, one that’s seen vintage 3.75” Kenner action figures scanned and sized-up into the 12-inch Jumbo scale. To learn more on how to get one of these if you’re not attending SDCC, check out the Gentle Giant site.
Personally, I’m not a fan of exclusives for a lot of reasons (long lines, scalpers, disappointing people), but they are cool to have. At least with convention exclusives there tends to be the added element of supporting your favorite toymakers, where retail exclusives are often pushed for by individual retailers—though on the flipside an exclusive might be the only opportunity to offer something that fans want, but mass retail wouldn’t support. It’s a complicated issue.
As a kid, some of my best memories are tied to the old Kenner exclusives—like the Sears Cantina Adventure Set. That famous play set retailed for $8.77 in the 1978 and 1979 Sears Wish Book catalog. A loose set in 2018, including the cardboard backdrop and four figures—Greedo, Walrus Man, Hammerhead, and the infamous “Blue Snaggletooth” typically sells for around $500. In a sealed box? Those average $3,000 and can go higher if the set is graded. Mine is long-gone, but I loved this set so much that when Funko made a set of Kenner-inspired POP! Vinyl figures (itself a Walmart exclusive), I made a reproduction of the original cardboard backdrop on computer paper for as a display.
Speaking of Funko, expect some SDCC exclusive reveals from them very soon!
FURTHER UPDATES ON THE FANDOM MENACE:
After touching on a growing disturbance in The Force in last week’s Transmissions, things took a turn for the worse this week. Following months of harassment on social media, actress Kelly Marie Tran (Rose Tico in The Last Jedi) deleted all of her Instagram posts. Her faults in the eyes of the wrong? She’s female and Asian. This disgusting behavior from certain “fans” (they really shouldn’t even be called that) is what also led Daisy Ridley (Rey) to retreat from social media in 2016, later stating in interviews that social media is bad for mental health.
Cover art for Marvel Comics’ Darth Vader Annual #2. Cover by Mike Deodato Jr. Written by Chuck Wendig.
Similarly, author Chuck Wendig found himself “down a weird rabbit hole of shitty Star Wars fans” last week, explaining in an epic Twitter thread that he’d been tagged in some kind “boycott” of his upcoming Darth Vader Annual #2, slated for release by Marvel Comics on July 18th.
This disruptive and unacceptable behavior is growing rapidly and needs to stop NOW. Following my column last week, The Hollywood Reporter, Wired, /Film, EW, Vulture, SYFY Wire, Daily Beast, The Guardian and more have weighed in on the issue. In the meantime, memes presenting Star Wars fansites represented by the infamous battle of rival newscasters from the movie Anchorman have started circulating—an example of just how idiotic this is getting. Stop acting like children, folks.
FURTHER TRANSMISSIONS FROM ACROSS THE GALAXY:
There’s a ton of Easter eggs in Solo: A Star Wars Story, and this week’s episode of The Star Wars Show looks at the ones inside Dryden Vos’ study.
We previously reported on the forthcoming Han Solo Season of EA’s Battlefront II, and now there’s a new trailer showing off all the sweet new content from Solo that’s coming to the game.
Tickets for Star Wars Celebration Chicago are on-sale now. The event takes place next April, and the $850 VIP tickets sold-out immediately. Word is that tickets for the event, put on by Lucasfilm and ReedPop, is selling faster-than-usual.
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James Zahn
James Zahn is senior editor of The Pop Insider, The Toy Book, The Toy Insider and editor of The Toy Report. Best-known as THE ROCK FATHER™, Zahn is an Illinois-based writer, media personality, commentator, director, actor, adventurer, raconteur and overall pop culture and toy enthusiast. James and/or his work have been featured in/on CNN, Fox Business, NBC, ABC, G4, The Chicago Tribune, PopSugar, Fangoria, Starlog & more. Follow James on Twitter @TheRockFather.
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Welcome to the neighborhood.
Posts Tagged: Matt Sullivan
Sound & Vision: Matt Sullivan
By Allyson McCabe
Allyson McCabe talks with Matt Sullivan, founder of Light in the Attic Records, about how he’s preserved the label’s commitment to great music while also meeting the demands of a changing, and often challenging, market.
Tags: 1990s, Allyson McCabe, Amsterdam, Betty Davis, Cold Fact, copyright, David Holmes, diy, Farrah Fawcett, Jim Sullivan, Jimmy Bond, Josh Wright, Lee Hazlewood, Lee Marvin, Light in the Attic Records, Loosegrove Records, Matt Sullivan, Music, Music From Memory, music industry, Native North America Volume I, record label, Rodriguez, Searching for Sugar Man, Seattle, Sixto Rodriguez, Sound & Vision, Sound and Vision, Spacemen 3, Sub Pop, suicide, Susie Tennant, The Free Design, The Last Poets, the New York Dolls, The Stooges, Tumbleweed Records, Vampisoul, vinyl
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Culture Formation Leadership
CultureFormationLeadership Podcast The Distillery
ARTICLEJason Oosting October 19, 2017 jason oosting, art, reformation, protestant, catholic, counter reformation, art history
Pathos Has Left the Building
Ever since the beginning of the Reformation, Protestants have had an uneasy relationship with art. Some would describe the relationship as downright antagonistic. Fueled by the purest of all motivators, righteous indignation, Protestants have typically turned up their noses at what they saw as the decadent, indecent, and at its worst, idolatrous art of the Catholic Church.
One particular group of extremely righteously indignant sixteenth century Calvinists (my people), sought to actually destroy the famous Ghent Altarpiece, which they deemed to have broken the Second Commandment. Channeling Moses’ wrath in pulverizing the golden calf, they stormed St. Bavo’s Cathedral multiple times, finally breaching the doors with a battering ram. Luckily, the priests had disassembled the altarpiece and hidden the panels in one of the towers. The bloodthirsty Calvinists apparently had to settle for smashing a few minor works of art here and there, and eventually departed without the satisfaction of destroying their own golden calf.
While this episode in the long history of iconoclasm makes for a good story, thankfully it is not indicative of early Protestantism’s view of art and its potential as a tool to promote this radical new strain of Christianity. One of the best examples of Protestants actually embracing fine art is the originator of the Protestant Reformation himself, Martin Luther. Luther was good friends with the acclaimed artist Lucas Cranach the Elder, who was employed at the time by Frederick the Wise—the man who protected Luther from the Pope after the Diet of Worms. Though Luther had clearly turned his back on the teachings of the Catholic Church, he still understood the power of images and frequently commissioned both paintings and woodcuts from his friend Cranach. Woodcuts dovetailed especially well with Luther’s desire to spread Protestantism, since his followers could reproduce them along with pamphlets and other texts using the (relatively recent) invention of the printing press.
Allegory of Law and Grace
Lucas Cranach the Elder's Allegory of Law and Grace
One work of art that is quintessential to the Protestant Reformation is a woodcut version of a painting that Cranach completed in 1529, called Allegory of Law and Grace. The work is split half down the middle by a tree, dead on the left side, flourishing on the right, creating two separate scenes.
In the scene on the left, we see the main character, a naked man. This is the representation of the generic sinner. His nudity is symbolic of his sinfulness, differentiating it sharply from the sumptuous, humanistic, and often confusingly erotic nudes that Italian artists had been producing for the previous hundred years. He is being driven into the flames of Hell by a flaming skeleton (Death) and a horned, clawed creature one can only assume to be the Devil. In the background, we see a depiction of Adam and Eve, the ones who got him into this mess in the first place. Moses stands to the right, pointing at the Ten Commandments as if to say, “You broke this one, and this one a bunch of times, and remember that one time you broke all three of these at once…” At the top Christ sits in glory, flanked by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist, who appear to be pleading the sinner’s case. Unfortunately for the sinner, Christ appears unmoved. The message is clear: if all we have is the Law, we’re damned. We have all failed to follow God’s Law perfectly, and therefore we all deserve condemnation.
The right side of the composition provides a much-needed pick-me-up. Our generic sinner is back again, standing next to John the Baptist, who is showing Mr. Everysinner the good news. He directs our attention to the images of salvation: the Incarnation, Crucifixion, and Resurrection. At the very top we can see the pre-incarnate baby Jesus, carrying his cross and gliding down rays of sunlight toward a waiting Virgin Mary standing atop the hill. Just below and to the left of baby Jesus, we see the angel proclaiming Christ’s birth to the shepherds. Working our way down the hill, we see the Crucifixion, Christ’s blood pouring out from his side and showering our sinner, and the Holy Spirit—seen in the familiar form of a dove—transmuting it into the water of baptism. Finally, at the base of the hill is the Resurrected Christ, standing in victory over Death and the Devil. There is also a depiction of the Old Testament scene of the Bronze Serpent in the background, seen as a precursor to Christ’s ultimate sacrifice. The result: we are saved by grace through faith, not by any good works.
A Shift in Thinking
The art that the Catholic Church had been commissioning for the previous century was heavily influenced by Neoplatonism, which largely sought to marry Christianity with ancient Greek humanism. This style reflected the pomp and circumstance of the Catholic faith, the awe-inspiring, miraculous relics, and the heroic actions of the saints and martyrs. It conveyed meaning through illusionistic, three-dimensional scenes, sumptuous colors, and the expressiveness of the human form. In general, it was designed to elicit emotional responses and transcendent experiences. Luther’s Reformation rendered all of this meaningless. He rejected the traditional experiential engagement with the Divine and moved toward a much more intellectual approach to understanding the Father, Son, Holy Spirit, and how we fit in it all.
One can easily see this theological shift in Allegory of Law and Grace. Pathos has left the building. This work of art is all about logos. It conveys meaning not through soul-stirring drama or gut-wrenching realism, but through clearly articulated scenes that support Luther’s theological teachings. Cranach efficiently combines these scenes, each of which would typically be the star of its own work of art, into one concise composition. The entire story of salvation is right there in front of us. It appeals primarily to our heads, not our hearts. Cranach’s depiction of the nude man casts him not as an object lesson in the glories of the human form and, by extension, all that we are capable of as humans, but merely as a wretched sinner who is capable of nothing on his own, least of all his own salvation. Like many artists before and after, Cranach effectively draws viewers into the work. However, we are there not to be overwhelmed by the visuals in front of us, but rather to understand what Christ has done for us—that which we could never have done for ourselves.
After Cranach
Even though Luther clearly saw the value in art, in the centuries since his revolution Protestants have displayed a mostly ambivalent attitude toward the use of art in places of worship or devotion. We might see this best in the art of the Netherlands during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in which there is a shift away from religious art patronage to that of the rising merchant class. Dutch Protestants sought to keep their places of worship free of images while filling their homes with images of landscapes, still lifes, and portraits. This is not to say that no one produced religious art during this time. The most famous of all Dutch painters, Rembrandt van Rijn, produced scores of paintings and etchings of Biblical scenes. However, this was not the dominant trend anymore, nor were these works commissioned by the Protestant Church.
Interestingly, the Protestant Reformation changed Catholic art as well. It was a wake-up call for the Pope and other church leaders to see thousands of believers leave the Catholic Church for Luther’s vision of a church free from indulgences and corruption. As a result, they made some reforms doctrinally, but artistically doubled down on the drama, giving way to the intensely theatrical sculptural work of Bernini and the unflinchingly realistic forms of Caravaggio. Where Reformation art made theological statements designed to change one’s mind, art of the Counter Reformation made a passionate plea to your soul, begging you to come back home to the transcendent.
However, for many Protestant churches the use of such images in a place of worship was just too close to idolatry, too much of a slippery slope towards breaking the Second Commandment. The interiors of these churches became more and more pristine. As Protestants pulled away from the art world, artists began fulfilling first other patrons’ desires and eventually their own, which has led to an enormous gulf between Protestant churches and the art world today. This discomfort with images in the church can still be seen in many American Protestant churches—at least in the ones I grew up attending. Admittedly, we were a bunch of Dutch Calvinists, so our sanctuary was so bereft of images that the primary childhood activity during long sermons was to count the bricks on the wall behind the pulpit. But we certainly never went so far as to storm the local Catholic church to destroy their altarpiece.
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Jason Oosting teaches Advanced Placement Art History at Montgomery High School, a class which covers everything from prehistoric to global contemporary art. He lives in Hopewell, NJ with his wife Shari, two sons Asher and Ezra, and two daughters Eli and Ada. He worships at Nassau Presbyterian Church where he also teaches adult education classes related to art history.
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CASSO, RAMIRO RAÚL
Victor Ruben Balladares and Katherine Kuehler Walters
Ramiro Raúl Casso, M.D., was an educator, physician, civil rights and community activist from the Rio Grande Valley. Image available on the Internet and included in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107.
CASSO, RAMIRO RAÚL (1922–2011). Ramiro Raúl Casso, an educator, physician, civil rights and community activist from the Rio Grande Valley, was born in the Buenos Aires colonia of Laredo, Texas, on August 4, 1922, to Francisco Margarito Casso and Josefa (Villarreal) Casso. Both of his parents had immigrated as children from Nuevo Leon, Mexico, to Texas and arrived with their families before the start of the Mexican Revolution. At the time of Casso’s birth, his father worked as a chauffeur, and his mother was a housekeeper. He was the second of four brothers. Throughout his childhood, he and his family moved back and forth from Laredo to Duval County, Texas, for work during the hard economic times of the Great Depression. When he was thirteen years old, he and his brothers lived in a tent in Freer, Texas, and worked as garbage collectors to help provide for the family. They saw their parents in Laredo on weekends. At fourteen years old, he sold newspapers on street corners.
Upon Casso’s graduation from Martin High School in Laredo in 1939, he attended Texas A&M University. After the United States entered World War II in late 1941, the university became a military training camp and had classes year-round so students could graduate before enlisting. As a student, Casso trained and served as a sergeant in Texas A&M’s Coast Artillery Battery B. In 1943 he received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering then joined the United States Army Reserve. He went to Anti-Aircraft Artillery Officers Candidate School at Camp Davis in North Carolina, then in 1944 he served as a lieutenant in anti-aircraft artillery at the Panama Canal. Casso was honorably discharged, with the rank of captain, in 1946 and returned to Laredo where he worked as an engineer for the International Boundary and Water Commission. He also taught math at his alma mater, Martin High School.
Ramiro Raúl Casso, M.D., served as a lieutenant in anti-aircraft artillery at the Panama Canal during World War II. Image available in Martin High School, Laredo, La Pitahaya yearbook, 1944, and included in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107.
In 1949 Casso married Emma Laurel, a school teacher from Laredo, at the First Baptist Church of Laredo. The next year, after they had their first child, they moved to Waco where he attended Baylor University as a pre-med major and graduated in 1952 with a bachelor of science degree in chemistry. He received his medical degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1956 then completed a year-long internship at the Robert B. Green Memorial Hospital of San Antonio. In 1957 he returned to the Rio Grande Valley and opened his family medical practice in McAllen. Two years later, he joined Dr. Lauro G. Guerra to open McAllen Polyclinic, often referred to as the Farm Workers Clinic (later the Hidalgo County Health Department Migrant Medical Clinic) to provide healthcare for poorer communities such as migrant farmworker families.
In addition to playing an important role as a physician and educator for the Mexican American community, he got involved in politics and civil rights activism. In 1948, after he was discharged from military service, he joined other Mexican American veterans, including American GI Forum’s Hector P. García and attorneys Carlos Cadena and Gus García, to combat discriminatory practices in Texas. In 1948 he, as a member of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), helped with negotiations with the state during the Delgado v. Bastrop Independent School District case that resulted in a court decision against the segregation of Mexican American children. In addition he helped raise money for Cadena’s and Gus García’s legal fees as they prepared to argue Pete Hernandez v. Texas, a case that fought against systematic exclusion of Mexican Americans from jury duty, in front of the U. S. Supreme Court in 1954.
Casso often took a public role in politics and focused on issues of education, poverty, and health. In 1958 he was a founding member and an original board member of the McAllen United Civic Association, a Mexican American group that advocated community improvements from local government. The next year he was elected to the McAllen School Board where he pushed for wage increases for teachers and maintaining Spanish teaching in elementary schools. Through his affiliation with the Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations (PASSO), he helped to organize the Viva Kennedy Club of Hidalgo County and served as its first elected chairman in 1960. Within PASSO he served as chairman and vice-chairman of Hidalgo County between 1962 and 1965. He did not always agree with the group’s decisions, most notably PASSO’s support of an all-Mexican American slate of candidates in Crystal City in 1964 (see CRYSTAL CITY REVOLT). In 1965 he was nominated for the state chairman of PASSO but turned it down.
When given the opportunity, Casso spoke out in national forums against systemic problems Tejanos and Mexican people faced along the Texas-Mexico border. He appeared in and narrated part of a television newsmagazine story about South Texas as “the most poverty-stricken” place in the country. It appeared on NBC’s Sunday and aired nationally on August 16, 1964. The Rio Grande Valley Chamber of Commerce, a primarily white organization, called the ten-minute story slanted and claimed it was a misleading publicity campaign of labor groups and PASSO because, in part, of Casso’s participation. Having experienced poverty in his youth and witnessing its effects in his clinic, Casso responded in the local newspaper that the chamber had actively ignored its impoverished residents and supported policies that maintained economic disparities.
In 1968 Casso testified to the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor about violence committed by law enforcement during the Starr County Strike the year before. Members of the National Farm Workers Union (later the United Farm Workers Union) had organized farmworkers from melon farms in May 1966 and went on strike a month later. The strike lasted a year and included a protest march to the state capitol as well as help from César Chávez. Casso testified in 1968 that, on June 2, 1967, he examined Magdaleno Dimas and Benito Rodriguez, both members of the union, at the Starr County jail. Both had been severely beaten by Texas Rangers A. Y. Allee and Fred Dawson. Casso described the injuries sustained by Dimas as “the worst beating I have ever seen law enforcement administer.” Casso’s testimony was a key part of investigations by the state, the U.S. Senate subcommittee, and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, and all three found the rangers had used excessive force and abused their power.
During the late 1960s and 1970s Casso was especially active in education and health-related issues through various boards and government appointments. Locally he sat on the Health Planning Advisory Committee of the Lower Rio Grande Development Council and the McAllen General Hospital board of directors. Casso served on national boards as well, including the Physicians Committee for Health Care for the Aged and at two White House Health Conferences. President Lyndon Baines Johnson appointed him to the National Advisory Board of Health Research Facilities of the National Institute of Health, and Governor Dolph Briscoe appointed him to the Texas Board of Health and the Texas Human Rights Commission.
Casso’s charitable work among farmworkers in McAllen earned him the 1970 Golden Deeds Award from Bishop Humberto Sousa Medeiros. He also made an unsuccessful run for mayor of McAllen in 1981 against the incumbent Othal Brand. The election drew national attention when videos of police brutality during arrests of local minorities in McAllen under Brand were released to the public.
In 1994 Casso retired from practicing medicine and became the vice chairman of the Texas Board of Health. In 1995 he helped start a new nursing program, called the Nursing and Allied Health Division, at the South Texas Community College and served as executive director and later Vice President for Institutional Advancement until he retired in 2002. He was named McAllen’s Man of the Year in 1996 by the city’s chamber of commerce because of his role in the building of the University of Texas Regional Academic Health Center in the Rio Grande Valley. The same year he founded another clinic, called El Milagro, for the indigent and uninsured in McAllen and was president of its board of directors. He also served as adjunct faculty at the Texas A&M University School of Rural Public Health. In 2001 the South Texas Community College board of directors renamed their Nursing and Allied Health Center the Dr. Ramiro R. Casso Nursing and Allied Health Center.
When Casso passed away on June 22, 2011, friends and colleagues recognized him for his extraordinary public service, increasing access, and protecting and providing education for the Mexican American communities of South Texas. He had five children and ten grandchildren. His funeral service was held at the First Baptist Church of McAllen, and he was buried at Roselawn Cemetery. His personal and professional papers have been archived at the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas at Austin.
Brownsville Herald, March 4, 1963; August 19, 1964; May 16, 1995. Corpus Christi Caller-Times, June 8, 1963. Ignacio García, Viva Kennedy; Mexican Americans in Search of Camelot (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2000). José Angel Gutiérrez, The Eagle Has Eyes: The FBI Surveillance of César Estrada Chávez of the United Farm Workers Union of America, 1965–1975 (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2019). Juan Hinojosa, "In Memory of Ramiro Raul Casso," Texas, Legislative Library, SR 145, June 28, 2011, (http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/BillSearch/searchresults.cfm?subjectList=CASSO%2C%20RAMIRO%20RAUL&action=clearAll), accessed March 1, 2015. McAllen Monitor, June 17, 1956; December 23, 1958; May 3, 1959; June 28, 1959; October 21, 1959; June 4, 1964; August 3, 1964; September 15, 1964; July 23, 2002; June 25, 2011. Migratory Labor Legislation: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Migratory Labor of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress (Washington D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968). Alan J. Watt, Farm Workers and the Churches: The Movement in California and Texas (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2010).
See related articles by:
Advocates and Social Workers
Educators and School Founders
Hospital, School, and Association Administrators
Twentieth Century Texas
Texas Post World War II
Business and Civic Leaders
Handbook of Texas Online, Victor Ruben Balladares and Katherine Kuehler Walters, "CASSO, RAMIRO RAÚL," accessed July 18, 2019, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcadi.
Uploaded on June 13, 2019. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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‘90210’ Star Helps Road Hammers Find U.S. Following
Gayle Thompson
The Road Hammers are getting a little help from a TV icon in their move from Canada to Nashville. Jason Priestley, of 'Beverly Hills 90210' fame, is directing a reality series on GAC, following the Canadian crooners as they try to develop an American fan base.
"We made an album and it went platinum, won two CCMAs and a Juno," lead singer Jason McCoy recently explained to the NY Daily Times when asked why they made the move to the States while their career was already in high gear. "Why not move the band to Nashville and tackle the American market? It seemed like a good idea at the time."
Priestley, who also hails from Canada, became a fan of the Road Hammers after a friend loaned him their CD. He then heard the band was looking for someone to direct their TV show.
"For me, it was very similar to something I had tried to do 10 years ago with the Barenaked Ladies," Priestley said. "But 'Bare-naked in America' wasn't the movie that I had set out to make, so here I was faced with another opportunity to shoot what I had tried to do a decade before."
Since his '90210' days, Priestley has been filling his resume with other directorial jobs, including the TV show '7th Heaven' and 'Grosse Pointe.' But he admits that while he is a huge music fan, his knowledge of the country music industry was very limited.
"I wasn't really hip to the whole Nashville music scene, but they really do it their way," said Priestley. "When we were done shooting, I was left shaking my head and just wondering how anybody makes it in the music industry. How does anyone go to Nashville on a Greyhound bus with a guitar and a dream and actually make it? The odds against that happening are just astronomical."
It didn't take long for Priestley to realize how powerful the city really is.
"If you're a country artist, whether you're British, or Polish, or Canadian or Australian, if you want to really do it and you really want to be considered the best in the world, you have to eventually go to Nashville and really prove it," he said. "If you're not big in Nashville, it doesn't really matter."
The Road Hammers is now airing on GAC. Click here for a list of showtimes.
Filed Under: Road Hammers, RoadHammers
Categories: Country News
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Lee Brice’s ‘I Drive Your Truck’ Captures 2014 ACM Award for Song of the Year
Scott Shetler
The ACM Award for Song of the Year often goes to a track that makes a huge emotional impact, and that was again the case this year, as Lee Brice's 'I Drive Your Truck' earned the 2014 honor for its songwriters, Jessi Alexander, Connie Harrington, and Jimmy Yeary.
Though Brice is an accomplished songwriter himself, he did not pen this one. Even though his heartfelt performance helped make the song a hit, upon reaching the stage Brice said, "This is not for me," and turned the podium over to Harrington and Alexander.
Acknowledging that many Americans can relate to the story of losing a loved one in military action, a teary-eyed Harrington said, "To every person in America who knows what it's like to live the words of this song, God bless you."
'I Drive Your Truck' triumphed over its co-nominees 'Every Storm (Runs Out of Rain),' 'Mama’s Broken Heart,' 'Mine Would Be You,' and 'Wagon Wheel.'
Next: See a Complete List of Winners at the 2014 ACMs
Filed Under: ACM Awards, Lee Brice
Categories: ACMs, Country News, Songs
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Plan your travels according to these global sporting events
From F1 Grand Prix fixtures, to leading international golf, cycling, running and cricket events, combine your love of the game with a trip abroad in 2019. We Flight Centre shared its round-up of top sporting events you don’t want to miss:
Chinese F1 Grand Prix: 12 – 14 April
Catch the second race of the 2019 Formula 1 Grand Prix season in Shanghai, China. These are the most affordable race tickets of the season and the city is buzzing with life.
“When you’re not taking in the action from the track, hit Nanjing Road for shopping, take in the city’s iconic skyline with a walk on the Bund, the city’s waterfront area, or from a riverboat cruise on the Huangpu River,” suggests Sue Garrett, Flight Centre General Manager Product and Marketing.
Families will also love Disneyland Park. Start your journey with a ride on the Maglev, the world’s fastest train, from the airport to the city centre. It’s an adventure in itself.
Cricket World Cup – 30 May to 14 July
The 2019 Cricket World Cup takes place in England and Wales, and it’s one for the bucket list. The first match will be played at The Oval while the final will be played at Lord’s – both iconic venues. The world cup is the perfect opportunity and excuse for South Africans to travel to the UK and cheer on the Proteas.
Golf US Open – 13 to 16 June
Teeing off at Pebble Beach in California, for the sixth time, watch Tiger Woods and Brooks Koepka battle it out. The location marks the beginning of the Pacific Coast Highway – one of the most beautiful coastlines in the US. There are plenty of ocean walks and hikes, and you can still make the three-hour road trip to San Francisco and visit the Yosemite National Park.
Comrades Marathon – 9 June
Attracting runners from more than 80 countries, Comrades is an international sports event that’s not to be missed, whether you’re hitting the uphills or cheering on the sidelines. It’s also pretty special that the world’s oldest ultramarathon takes place on home soil. Plus, there is lots for the family to see and do in Durban and Pietermaritzburg, from the Moses Mabhida Stadium to uShaka Marine World.
Tour de France: 6 – 28 July
Follow that yellow jersey in person while immersing yourself in French countryside life and heritage. Starting in Brussels, riders travel more than 3,500 km through some of the country’s most scenic countryside, ending in the City of Lights, Paris. Be sure to book accommodation and travel arrangements early.
Wimbledon: 1 – 14 July
It’s the ultimate grand slam with a spot of royal watching guaranteed, too. Treat yourself to a Centre Court seat at London’s Wimbledon. Off the courts, enjoy the best of the London sunshine with the famous strawberries and cream and a glass of Pimms. It’s the perfect way to make the most of those long days of summer when the sun only sets around 10 pm.
While in the UK, tack on a trip to Northern Ireland to take in the Golf British Open: 14 – 21 July. The rugged links and dramatic cliff top scenery are spectacular.
Japan Rugby World Cup – starts 20 September
Loyal Springbok supporters will travel to the ends of the Earth to see their team play for the coveted world cup trophy. And while the flight to Japan is no doubt long, being in one of the most culturally rich and exciting countries is a journey worth taking.
“When you’re not watching the Boks battle it out, marvel at the mix of the ultra-modern and age-old proud history that is Japan,” says Garrett, who returned from a trip to Japan in February. “Ride the bullet train, snap a selfie in the busiest intersection in the world and immerse yourself in the local culture staying in a traditional ryokan, visiting a quirky themed café or watching a sumo match,” she adds.
The only question for sports lovers is: how will you choose where to travel first? Be sure to book all flights, accommodation and sightseeing tickets early. As you can imagine, these popular sports events can sell out very quickly. Don’t miss out!
2 thoughts on “Plan your travels according to these global sporting events”
bairerowalk1975 says:
Let me take a nap… great shot, anyway.
ringgujvoge1983 says:
Just fabulous =)
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The world in Spain
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Felipe VI: “Multilateralism is an asset that we must not lose”
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The Fundación Internacional y para Iberoamérica de Administración y Políticas Públicas (FIIAPP), a state entity of Spanish Cooperation
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Foxconn Will Be Major Source of Pollution
A scientist analyses the impact of the mega-plant.
By David H. Petering - Jul 9th, 2018 04:06 pm
Design for Foxconn’s campus. Photo from the WEDC.
Sustainable development meets the needs of this generation without compromising the opportunity of future generations (our children). Historically, humanity has given little thought to sustainability because Earth seemed to offer an endless supply of food, water, and resources. But an increasing population and technological power have encroached on nature to the point that we are facing enormous environmental problems that compromise our future and that of our children.
The Foxconn deal follows our current path toward environmental degradation. It was pushed through state government with the explicit intention of ignoring environmental concerns. Most egregious, the company was permitted to bypass filing an environmental impact statement. In its absence, here are some pressing issues about the factory under construction in rural Racine County.
The project will take out of production and destroy some of the best farmland in Wisconsin at a time when feeding the world’s burgeoning population is becoming increasingly problematic. This will be an irreversible transformation; once subjected to intense industrial-chemical use, the land cannot be reclaimed for farming.
The facility depends on diverting millions of gallons water each day from Lake Michigan. The site lies outside the Lake Michigan watershed and alone cannot obtain lake water according to the international law (Great Lakes Compact) that was created to protect and regulate access to Great Lakes water. Racine County is attempting to break the compact for short-term economic gain. Should it succeed, the precedent will open the Great Lakes to the wholesale diversion of water and long-term environmental loss.
To produce flat screen monitors, many chemicals must be utilized. In the process, the plant will emit many pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), particulates, carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, the factory will be designated a “major source” polluter of each of these contaminants. This stew of emissions makes Foxconn a uniquely troubling operation. Nitrogen oxides and VOCs combine in sunlight to produce harmful ozone; carbon monoxide prolongs its lifetime in the atmosphere. So, Foxconn emissions may be particularly efficient in producing ozone. Racine County is already a non-attainment area for ozone. In addition, particulates are important contributors to dangerous lung and cardiovascular diseases. Is there a health concern? Yes. Children in a number of nearby Racine and Kenosha schools are in the path of these pollutants.
Foxconn also will be a “major source” polluter of greenhouse gases, emitting more than 10 times the amount that triggers this designation. Considering the unfolding crisis of climate change, this level of discharge is irresponsible. Foxconn could have addressed its huge release of greenhouse gases with on-site installation and off-site investment in renewable energy generation. That did not happen.
The problems are compounded by Foxconn’s rural location. Miles from water, electricity, and adequate transportation, all this infrastructure must be specially constructed for the company. Everyone and everything must travel many miles along the expanded lanes of I-94 to reach the facility, with their vehicles emitting tons of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. The thought of integrating rail mass transit into the project was not considered despite the obvious benefits of reduced pollution and energy use and convenient access to the Foxconn plant for economically disadvantaged workers and supplies and products being transported to and from the factory.
The Foxconn project is billed as transformational for Wisconsin’s economy. But by 21st century environmental standards, it is out of date. The company recently announced that it will sponsor a contest to envision the future of “smart cities.” Another competition to plan an environmentally sound Foxconn would have been welcome.
David H. Petering is university distinguished professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the UW-Milwaukee. This column was originally published by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
Categories: Environment, Real Estate
10 thoughts on “Op Ed: Foxconn Will Be Major Source of Pollution”
LenaTaylorNeedsToResign says:
“The project will take out of production and destroy some of the best farmland in Wisconsin at a time when feeding the world’s burgeoning population is becoming increasingly problematic.”
That one actually cracked me up laughing. Yeah, that must be why those farm commodity prices are soaring, right? The massive shortages? Has this guy ever flown in an airliner over the Midwest?
mbradleyc says:
I lived through the 60’s. I remember the way things were. This operation will be nothing like those days. It will be a model for the world of clean, environmentally sensitive manufacturing.
I could barely stand to read this. By no means do I support foxconn 100% but please people, you talk about pollution and water usage like their building another Chicago in Racine. I’m sure once this place is built, the S/E Wisconsin region will still be more polluted by Chicago than anything else.
Also farms are terrible for the environment and farmers get wild amounts of subsidies from the govt. so probably not the best comparison.
Finally, if you want a story about a company destroying the environment, why don’t you focus on what Kohler is about to do in southern Sheboygan County. Literally destroying a park/wetland/nature preserve, for a golf course that will likely rely heavily on fertilizers that will leach into the lake because the course is right on the lake.
Wisconsin Conservative Digest says:
O Baloney, another lying Lefty jumps into the pond.
Lie number1:
“Historically humans have given little thought to pollution”.
We have millions, no billions more people in world and things get better every year despite the best efforts of the left to kill people, families and growth.
The “Population Bomb” written by an entomologist was bomb. ZPG was stupid and wrong.
They just have not been able to wipe out enough babies to make them happy.
David Nelson says:
A whole lot of cheap bourbon was consumed before writing the words above. Once the brain has been soaked long enough, aphasia and synesthesia may result. And by may, I mean has.
To clarify. The bourbon is redolent of the previous comments, not the article.
What is our number one problem in SE Wisconsin? Jobs for the kids, inner city. There are plenty of laws to limit, solve pollution.
The last thing Foxconn wants at its factory, the new city, is to have people talking about something that can be solved. They have been implemented since I was a kid, but the Left fights jobs for families and kids???
Why? They want to keep the people in bondage, so they vote for them, the corrupt city of Milwaukee and it’s apologists.
Some of you righties are so short sighted. You only live in your own little world of now. This article does not say don’t build it, it says it could have been built better, friendlier to people and the environment. Would that have cost more? Most certainly in the short term but not in the longer term. And yes the extreme left would still complain but would be a small minority. As typical it’s all about profit now! Everything else is someone else’s fault and problem.
PMD says:
Too bad up to half of the jobs won’t go to Wisconsin residents.
“But one estimate says 50 percent of the jobs may go to residents from other states.” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-foxconn-wisconsin-illinois/in-wake-of-foxconn-deal-wisconsin-and-illinois-vie-for-jobs-idUSKCN1B42DZ
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What Do Hemorrhoids Look Like When They Fall Out
To help you recruit, identify and onboard the best salespeople possible, here are a few things you need to do. Many entrepreneurs make the mistake of treating their sales professionals like.
For hemorrhoids banding to work, the hemorrhoids need to be of medium size – small hemorrhoids are unable to be banded, while big hemorrhoids resist this treatment very well. This video shows what it looks like to the doctor to use banding ligation.
What Are Piles Medical Most people, however, can learn to control flare-ups with over-the-counter remedies and lifestyle changes, says Dr. Lauren Parmer, a family physician at AAMG Pasadena Primary Care, a practice of Anne. Hemorrhoids are when the veins or blood vessels in and around your anus and lower rectum become swollen and irritated. This happens when there is
There’s a lot of research that comes with a historical story like. able to look at all the book covers and just read the first page of a dozen different books and pick out my next read. At the.
Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are enlarged veins in your rectum and anus. For some, they. to do this. After soaking for about 20 minutes, gently pat the area dry with a clean towel, making sure.
Dear Husband, I Have Hemorrhoids. January 5, they can get so big that they fall our your butt like grapes spilling from a horn of plenty. I so totally want to, you can’t look, okay?”.
Only in a minority of people do hemorrhoids become enlarged or otherwise symptomatic. with their ability to clean the anus following a BM, while others just don't like the way they look. Most or all of the staples later fall out over time.
Hemorrhoids Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, and Cure – MedicineNet – Symptoms of a hemorrhoid include rectal bleeding, rectal pain and itching, and. outside the anus but internal hemorrhoids cannot be seen because they. Grade 1: the internal hemorrhoid bulges into the canal but does not prolapse or fall.
Aug 29, 2018. Learn what you should do when a hemorrhoid bursts and when it. But for others , they can lead to itching, burning, bleeding, and. Bleeding from a burst hemorrhoid can last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes.
Over-the-Counter Hemorrhoid Remedies. To locate an effective herbal remedy for hemorrhoids, look for ingredients like witch hazel, butcher’s broom, and horse chestnut. Medical Procedures for Hemorrhoids. After hemorrhoids have time to wither away, they fall off, typically in about a week.
One concern, however, is that these methods do not. back out into space before it gets a chance to warm the planet. The decades-old idea is inspired by large volcanic eruptions, like that.
He points to a row of color printouts spread out. fall, he did an informal slide presentation on the building’s design, “a little photo essay of every circle and cylinder, the triangles, the.
He decided to give the kids juice, which he diluted by half with water so they wouldn’t have as much sugar. After the explanation, the look. like Kay pointed out that women don’t like feeling or.
Proksh said we will find out the mythology of energy vampires as the series continues: “It’s still evolving. They are coming. When you do see the effect, the goal will be to make it look grounded,
They also can protrude, or pop out, with a bowel movement; usually, they return to. If your hemorrhoids do not respond to the above therapies, or are already very. Bleeding in seven to 10 days when the hemorrhoid falls off; Bleeding with.
Perhaps more important than discussing what a partner can or cannot do is to dialogue about what a partner may be hesitant to express. Shame and the fear of shame inhibit couples from expressing what.
Prolapsed hemorrhoids are swollen veins that protrude out of the anus. They can cause bleeding, pain, and may clot or block passage of stool. need at-home remedies, medication, or surgery if your hemorrhoid does not improve on its own.
A Reader’s Guide to Travelers’ Rights When Crossing the Border – But there’s still a lot gray area involved in what happens at ports of entry, so we’ve laid out what we. a suspect story, they’ll wonder about you. That’s one part. At another level, they’ll look.
It is the recommended treatment in those with a thrombosed external hemorrhoid if carried out within 24–72 hours. Evidence to support. "And hemorrhoids in like manner you may treat by transfixing them with a needle and tying them with very thick and woolen thread, for application, and do not foment until they drop off, and always.
Jan 29, 2014. They only cause problems if they become enlarged. Hemorrhoid problems can cause various symptoms. Grade 3: Hemorrhoids that come out of the anus when you go to the toilet or do other physical. In rubber band ligation, the hemorrhoids are tied off at the base, making them fall off after a while.
Rubber Band Ligation for Hemorrhoids: What to Expect at Home. If your stomach is upset, try eating bland, low-fat foods like plain rice, broiled chicken, toast, and yogurt. Drink plenty of fluids (unless your doctor has told you not to). You passed out (lost consciousness).
They’d be sitting or standing straight faced. Do you believe he did it, and based on that, will you continue to play his music? Do I believe he did it? It’s a complicated question. My memories of who.
Hemorrhoids can be either internal or external, with symptoms including itching, swelling, general discomfort, and even bleeding. Individuals may not even know they have hemorrhoidal skin tags unless they feel them while wiping after a bowel movement. Physicians can typically exact hemorrhoidal skin tags on an out-patient basis using.
I’m the youngest though, so I don’t remember how they. mines like my son Justin Westbrook, you may not need it as much. It’s like a tour of duty in the military. Do yours, get out and.
Let’s take a look at the most common content KPIs and what they can do to help you become. it is important to rule out technical errors and related specific issues that can cause it. This is.
This causes the hemorrhoid to shrink and fall off, typically within a day or so. but usually they do not cause much in the way of symptoms. An acute thrombosis of an external hemorrhoid can be very painful. After a hemorrhoid banding procedure, we recommend that you rest the remainder of the day at home and resume full activity the next.
Hemorrhoids treated this way are less likely to come back than with other treatments. You may need to have this done every few weeks until they go away completely. Dining Out? Cut Calories.
The Golden Breakdown: Taking a look at what the Warriors did to win against the Rockets – It’s easy to fall into the. ignore a non-shooter like Looney, and to sag off him and play closer to the paint, which is what Faried does. When Curry bricks a deep three, the Rockets think that they.
Hemorrhoid Banding Care in Beverly Hills. Occasionally, you may experience bleeding after the hemorrhoid banding procedure. Do not be concerned if there is a minimal amount of blood. However, if bleeding continues, lie flat with your bottom higher than your head and apply an ice pack to the area. check out the FAQs page. Additional Tips.
Jan 11, 2019. If an external hemorrhoid prolapses to the outside (usually in the. These are slightly enlarged hemorrhoids, but they do not protrude outside the anus. or can be pushed back inside with a finger, but falls out again with the.
Nov 6, 2018. They may result from straining during bowel movements or from the increased pressure on. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Occasionally, a clot may form in a hemorrhoid (thrombosed hemorrhoid).
Mar 26, 2013 · I sent an "E" note to the doctor asking "if the Hemorrhoids are supposed to fall off after 3 days, why did all of the bands (plus a spare) come out after only about 18 hours. What do hemorrhoids look like? Recovery After Hemorrhoidectomy May Take Some Time. After rubber band ligation for hemorrhoids, I am bleeding. over a year ago. Post.
Really sound like much of a problem for people who have served , those who do not have yet , hemorrhoids is a real dilemma if you I do not know how. What Do Hemorrhoids Look Like When They Fall Out? Eliminate Hemorrhoids Forever With This Home Remedy! Hemorrwedge – Ice Pack for Hemorrhoid Treatment.
“The hemorrhoids, they’re, like, huge.” “What do. fall our your butt like grapes spilling from a horn of plenty. He seems to genuinely not have known that this was possible. (Men, just so you know,
They look like stink. You want to do that before they start active spring growth that could be damaged by the loss of roots that will occur. Keep them in pots for a year, so you can protect them.
A bleeding hemorrhoid is usually a sign of irritation or damage to the wall of the hemorrhoid. This should resolve on its own over time, but there are several things you can do at home to speed up.
published in the United States in the fall of 2014. Millions of people have bought her book, and many of those millions have since learned whether her promise holds for them as they systematically.
There are many factors that trigger hemorrhoids, they fall into two categories: direct and indirect cause of hemorrhoids. Now we will take a look at the direct cause of hemorrhoids, which must be avoided at all times. our body reflects what we eat and what we do. I like the five step holistic plan for getting rid of hemorrhoids given by.
Without these moments, it’s only natural to wonder how invested they are. And it definitely warrants a closer look. major moments with you, like birthdays, holidays, and vacations. But if they’re.
Sep 4, 2018. In other cases, they can become a regular occurrence. Some hemorrhoids do not require treatment and will clear up on. A doctor will place a small, tight band around the hemorrhoid to cut off circulation to the tissue and allow it to fall off. External hemorrhoids appear on the outside of the anus and.
Ray has been treating the injury with eye drops, and he planned to meet with doctors to find out if he can play in the first round of the NCAA tournament. What should you do if your. (In some cases.
Hemorrhoid banding is a way to remove hemorrhoids by putting tight bands around the swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. The anus is the opening where bowel movements pass out of your body. The rectum is the end of the intestines just inside the anus. Hemorrhoids often cause pain, bleeding, and itching. (like aspirin) may increase.
Best Otc Pain Reliever For Hemorrhoids
Remedies To Shrink Hemorrhoids
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Tag: georgian era
“POLDARK” Series One (1975): Episodes Nine to Twelve
It has been a while since I had last viewed “POLDARK”, the BBC’s 1975-77 adaptation of Winston Graham’s literary series about the post-war life of a British Army officer American Revolutionary War veteran named Ross Poldark. Real life and several movies releases distracted my attention from the series. Eventually, I found the time to watch Series One’s adaptation of Graham’s 1950 novel, “Jeremy Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall, 1790-1791”.
Episode Eight had ended on a grim note. Ross’ new smelting company ended in failure after his cousin Francis Poldark revealed the shareholders’ names to the former’s rival, George Warleggan. Ross now finds himself in financial straights. Francis was stricken with Putrid’s Throat and Ross’ wife, Demelza Carne Poldark, helped Francis’ wife, Elizabeth Chynoweth Poldark, nurse the stricken man back to health. Unfortunately, both Demelza and young daughter Julia were stricken with the same illness. Demelza recovered. Julia did not. Following Julia’s death, one of the Warleggans’ ships were wrecked off the coast of Poldark land. Despite Ross’ efforts to conduct a rescue of the survivors (in this version, at least), many of the locals salvaged the goods from the ship and caused a riot on the ship. The episode ended with Ross being arrested for instigating the riot.
Episode Nine began with Ross’ return to his estate, Nampara, after spending a short period in jail. While he prepares to find a barrister (attorney) to represent him in court, Demelza tries to recruit help from the local gentry to have the charges dropped against Ross or ensure a not guilty verdict. Much against Ross’ wishes, who stubbornly wants to guarantee his freedom on his own. Ross’ friend, Dr. Dwight Enrys, meets the spoiled heiress Caroline Peneven, when she mistakes him for a veterinarian for her pug. Francis, who continues to feels guilty over his betrayal of the Carnmore Copper Company, sinks to a new low before sets out to make amends with Ross. And George and Nicholas Warleggan, who had arranged Ross’ arrest in the first place, tries to guarantee a guilty verdict for Ross by bribing the latter’s former servant, Jud Paynter, to testify against him.
Following the trial in which Ross is exonerated, the Poldarks at both Nampara and Trenwith are forced to deal with their low financial straits. Ross and Francis reconcile and make plans to re-open Wheal Grace and dig for copper. To finance re-opening the mine, Ross allows local smugglers led by a man named Mr. Trencom to use the cove on Nampara land for a smuggling operation. Demelza is against the idea, but Ross refuses to listen to her. Meanwhile, Demelza discovers that she is pregnant with their second child. Due to their financial straits and the trauma of baby Julia’s death, she fears that Ross will be unhappy by the news of her pregnancy. Demelza also resorts to solo fishing trips behind her husband’s back to provide food for Nampara’s inhabitants, while Ross’ finances suffer. In fact, Episode Twelve ends with a very pregnant Demelza struggling to row back to the shore, while she goes into labor.
What can I say about the 1975 adaptation of “Jeremy Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall, 1790-1791”? I have mixed feelings about it. Perhaps my feelings for this adaptation is due to the source material. “Jeremy Poldark” is probably the shortest novel in Graham’s twelve-book series. A novel’s lenghth should not determine one’s opinion of it. But if I must be brutally honest, I do not have a high regard for “Jeremy Poldark”. It seemed more like a filler episode of a television series with a long-term narrative structure. The most interesting aspects of the novel were the emotional estrangement between Ross and Demelza, following their daughter’s death and his deal with smugglers; Francis’ attempt to reconcile with Ross; and of course, Ross’ trial for the riot that had occurred near the end of “Demelza – A Novel of Cornwall, 1788-1790”.
Episode Nine mainly focused on Ross’ preparations for the trial, Demelza’s attempts to seek help for him, and the Warleggans’ preparations to ensure that Ross will be convicted. That included recruiting Jud Paynter to testify against Ross. It was a pretty interesting episode. Somewhat. I thought the episode featured a colorful quality once the setting shifted to Bodmin for both the trial and upcoming local elections. It also featured a colorful assembly ball where Demelza, wearing the same gown she had worn at the Warleggans’ ball in Episode Six, tries to recruit support and help for Ross. The episode ended with a cliffhanger, as Francis Poldark, who was also at the ball and in Bodmin to support Ross, contemplates committing suicide with a pistol in his hand.
Episode Eleven mainly focused on Ross and Demelza’s separate efforts to maintain their survival and rejuvenate their fortunes. And for the first time, the series delved into the strains that their their problems and Julia’s death had placed upon their marriage. For Ross and Demelza, the honeymoon is finally over and I could not be any more happier. There is nothing that will bore me quicker than an idealized romance. Finally, the saga settles down to forcing the couple to work at making their marriage work. And I have to give credit to both Robin Ellis and Angharad Rees for their skillful portrayal of Ross and Demelza’s struggles to make their marriage work. This was especially apparent in one scene that featured a quarrel between the couple following a supper party they had attended at Trenwith. Sometime during the evening, Ross and his former love, Elizabeth Chynoweth Poldark, had the opportunity for a private conversation that ended with Ross complimenting her appearance. Unfortunately, Demelza appeared and was able to overhear his compliment. Which would explained the Ross and Demelza’s quarrel.
Ever since the current adaptation of “POLDARK” had first aired, I have encountered complaints about how actor Kyle Soller had portrayed Francis Poldark as an ill-tempered loser during the show’s first season. To be honest, Clive Francis had did the same in the 1975 adaptations of “Ross Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall, 1783-1787” and “Demelza”. I noticed that once Francis had put his friendship with the manipulative George Warleggan behind him and reconciled with Ross, he finally became that wry and witty man that so many had commented about. And the actor gave a very charming and subtle performance.
I also enjoyed the portrayal of the burgeoning romance between Dr. Dwight Enys and heiress Caroline Penvenen, thanks to Richard Morant and Judy Geeson’s sparkling performances. The beginning of their relationship reminded me of the numerous Hollywood comedies between the late 1950s and mid 1960s. This was especially highlighted by Caroline’s mistaken assumption that Dwight was more of a veterinarian and the latter’s subtle contempt toward her privileged behavior. In a way, I find their relationship a bit more realistic than the one between Ross and Demelza. Dwight and Caroline’s relationship strike me as good example of how class differences can effect a potential romance between two people of such disparate backgrounds.
But the one episode that I truly enjoyed was Episode Ten. It featured the assizes in Bodmin and especially Ross’ trial. If I must be brutally honest, Episode Ten did not feature one of Robin Ellis’ best performances as Ross Poldark. He spent most of the episode looking rather stoic and occasionally, disapproving. It seemed as if the world of 18th century Cornwall had merely revolved around him. And a colorful world it turned out to be. The excitement actually began in the second half of Episode Nine, which featured the local elections, a local ball and the preparations for Ross’ trial. But it was the assizes itself, which included Ross’ trial that made Episode Ten fascinated for me. Not only did it feature Ross’ trial, filled with attempts by the corrupt prosecutor to circumvent the law; but also another in which a woman was convicted for a minor crime and punished with a public whipping.
At least three performances made Episode Ten very interesting. One of those performances came from Paul Curran, who portrayed Ross’ former servant (at the time), Jud Paynter. Curran’s Jud spent most of the episode getting drunk in order to shore up his courage to testify against Ross. It almost seemed as if Curran had to sustain the image of a drunken Jud throughout the entire episode. He also had to constantly irritate George Warleggan, portrayed by Ralph Bates. And the latter is the second performance that really caught my interest. I really enjoyed Bates in this episode. His George Warleggan was a man irritated not only by Jud’s drunkeness, but also by the tight-fisted Nicholas Warleggan. Bates did an excellent job in basically portraying a straight man to a pair of comic performances. That second comic performance belonged to Nicholas Selby, who gave a rather subtle, yet funny performance as the venal, yet penny-pinching Nicholas. Poor George. His father is vindictive enough to demand that Ross suffers for the looting of his shipwrecked ship, but cheap enough to demand that George pay a small amount to arrange for Ross’ conviction. Talk about a man between a rock and a hard place.
Despite these narrative and character virtues, I still remained somewhat unimpressed by Episodes Nine to Twelve. I was not impressed by how screenwriters Peter Draper and Paul Wheeler, along with director Kenneth Ives; structured the narrative for these episodes. One, their use of cliffhangers seemed a bit off kilter to me. In two episodes – Episodes Nine and Ten – the screenwriters and the director used cliffhangers to tell the audience what happened and not show. Episode Nine ended with a despondent Francis Poldark pressing a pistol to his head, as he prepared to commit suicide. Yet, there was no gunshot or anything to hint what happened. Audiences did not learn that the suicide attempt had failed due to the pistol’s misfire in a conversation between Francis and Dwight Enys. I found this handling of Francis’ suicide attempt extremely annoying. Apparently, it was easier for Draper and Ives to tell the audience what happened via Francis’ revelation than show it.
As for Episode Ten, it ended with the judge about to announce the verdict at the end of Ross’ trial. But audiences did not learn about the verdict, until George Warleggan had informed his father . . . at the beginning of Episode Eleven. It seemed ridiculously unnecessary to end Episode Ten in this manner. Worse, it was another example of the writer and director telling what happened, instead of showing. Speaking of “episodic interruptus”, Episode Twelve, which is the last one that served as an adaptation of “Jeremy Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall, 1790-1791”, ended with a pregnant Demelza rowing back to shore as she goes into labor. One, this is not how the novel ended. It ended with a conciliation between Ross and Francis during the newborn Jeremy Poldark’s christening; along with Ross and Demelza at home, as they contemplated on keeping their family and household. I see now that the screenwriter had allowed Ross and Francis to reconcile before Jeremy’s birth, so that they could end the episode on this cliffhanger with Demelza struggling to reach the shore. I found this a waste of time. This was simply another example of telling the audience what happened, instead of showing. Episode Thirteen, which began the adaptation of “Warleggan: A Novel of Cornwall, 1792-1793”, began with Demelza reaching the shore and later, Ross announcing the presence of his newborn son. Frustrating! And unnecessary.
Although I had earlier complimented Paul Curran’s comic performance of the drunken Jud Paynter, I must admit there is so much of Jud that I can take. He almost became something of a fly on the ointment to me during my favorite episode, Episode Ten. But Episode Twelve truly became something of a chore for me, due to the whole “Jud is dead” story arc. After double-crossing the Warleggans by failing to testify against Ross and keeping the fifteen shillings they had given him, Jud is assaulted by some of George Warleggan’s men at the end of Episode Eleven. A great deal of Episode Twelve focused on Jud’s funeral and wake, while Ross and Demelza attended another supper party at Trenwith. A great deal. To make matters worse, it turned out that Jud was never dead . . . just unconscious. No one had bothered to verify whether he was dead or not. Instead, they had mistaken his unconscious body as a corpse. Not only was I irritated that Jud was not dead, I believe that Winston Graham had committed something of a cheat with this story line. Worse, I had to endure thirty to forty minutes of Jud’s wake, which seemed more than I was able to bear. I really wish he had remained dead.
I have one last quibble and it involved at least four missing characters. What happened to Jinny Carter? You know . . . Jinny? Ross and Demelza’s kitchen maid? The widow of one Jim Carter? What happened to her? Actress Gillian Bailey, who had portrayed Ginny in the adaptation of “Ross Poldark” and “Demelza”, seemed to be missing during these four episodes. Worse, no mention was made about her lack of presence. I find this ironic, considering that Jinny’s father, Zacky Martin, was not missing. Forbes Collins, who had portrayed Zacky, had a strong presence in these four episodes – including the sequence involving Jud’s funeral. So why was Jinny missing? And I also noticed that after twelve episodes and adaptations of three novels, Aunt Agatha Poldark also remained missing. I realize that she plays an important role in “Warleggan: A Novel of Cornwall, 1792-1793” and “The Black Moon: A Novel of Cornwall, 1794-1795”. But why has she been missing for so long in this adaptation of Winston Graham’s saga? How did producers Morris Barry and Anthony Coburn explain her appearance in future episodes, beginning with the adaptation of “Warleggan”? And what happened to Verity’s stepchildren? They were first introduced in “Jeremy Poldark” and I had assumed (for which I should have known better) they would make their appearances by at least Episode Eleven or Episode Twelve. Perhaps they will appear in the production’s adaptation of “Warleggan”. Who knows?
There were some highlights from Barry and Coburn’s adaptation of “Jeremy Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall, 1790-1791”. These highlights include Ross Poldark’s trial in Episode Ten; the burgeoning romance between Dr. Dwight Enys and Caroline Penvenen; and the performances of three cast members – Paul Curran, Nicholas Selby and especially Ralph Bates. But overall, I was not that impressed by Episodes Nine to Twelve. I found the narrative structure of these episodes rather troubling, especially with how cliffhangers were used. And the handling of the Jud Paynter character struck me as well, somewhat overbearing. Oh well. Onward to Episode Thirteen.
Author ctrent29Posted on June 26, 2019 Categories Books, Essay, TelevisionTags angharad rees, christopher benjamin, clive francis, donald douglas, georgian era, history, jill townsend, judy geeson, literary, norma streader, poldark, politics, ralph bates, richard morant, robin ellis, TelevisionLeave a comment on “POLDARK” Series One (1975): Episodes Nine to Twelve
“EMMA” (1996 TV) Review
Several months after Miramax had released Douglas McGrath’s adaptation of Jane Austen’s 1815 novel, “Emma”, another version aired on the BBC and later, on the A&E Channel in the U.S. This version turned out to be a 107-minute teleplay, adapted by screenwriter Andrew Davies and directed by Diarmuid Lawrence.
As many Jane Austen fans know, “EMMA” told the story of the younger daughter of an English Regency landowner, with a penchant for meddling in the lives of friends and neighbors. Her meddling in the love life of her new protégé – a young woman named Harriet Smith – ended up having a major impact on the latter’s search for a husband. Emma also becomes involved with Frank Churchill, her former governess’ stepson, and the highly educated granddaughter of her village’s former curate named Jane Fairfax.
This “EMMA” incorporated a heavy emphasis on class structure and conflict, due to Andrew Davies’ adaptation. This emphasis was hinted in scenes that included a conversation between Emma and Harriet regarding the role of the neighborhood’s wealthiest landowner, George Knightley. Greater emphasis was also placed on Jane Fairfax’s possible future as a governess. The movie included moments featuring tenant farmer Robert Martin’s barely concealed resentment toward Emma’s interference in his courtship of Harriet. And the movie concluded with a harvest ball sequence that allowed Mr. Knightley to display his role as Highbury’s wealthiest and most benevolent landowner.
I cannot deny that I enjoyed “EMMA”. Davies’ script and Lawrence’s direction captured a good deal of the mood from Austen’s novel. The movie also featured scenes that I found particularly appealing – scenes that included Mrs. Cole’s party, where Mr. Knightley becomes aware of Emma’s friendship with Frank Churchill; the comic reaction to Emma’s drawing of Harriet; and the Box Hill incident. Yet, for some reason, my favorite sequence turned out to be Mr. and Mrs. Weston’s Christmas party. One, production designer Don Taylor created a strong holiday atmosphere that seemed distinctly of another era. And two, the sequence featured some of the movie’s funniest moments – John Knightley’s rants about attending a party in bad weather and Mr. Elton’s marriage proposal to Emma.
Of the actors and actresses featured in the cast, I must admit that at least five performances impressed me. Mr. Elton must be one of the novel’s more exceptional characters. I have yet to come across a screen portrayal of Mr. Elton that did not impress me. And Dominic Rowan’s deliciously smarmy take on the role certainly impressed me. I also enjoyed Bernard Hepton’s rather funny portrayal of Emma’s finicky father, Mr. Woodhouse. The man possessed timing that a comic would envy. Samantha Bond gave a warm and deliciously sly portrayal of Emma’s former governess, Mrs. Weston. But my two favorite performances came from Raymond Coulthard and Olivia Williams as Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax. From my reading of Austen’s novel and viewing of other screen adaptations, I got the feeling that these two characters were not easy to portray. Frank Churchill never struck me as the typical Austen rogue/villain. Yes, he could be cruel, selfish and deceitful. And yet, he seemed to be the only Austen rogue who seemed to possess the slightest capability of genuine love. Actor Raymond Coulthard has struck me as the only actor who has managed to capture the strange and complex nature of Frank Churchill with more accuracy and less mannerisms than any other actor in the role, so far. And Olivia Williams struck me as the only actress that managed to portray Jane Fairfax’s travails without resorting to extreme mannerisms . . . or by simply being there.
Many have praised Samantha Morton’s performance as Emma’s young companion, Harriet Smith. And I believe that she deserved the praise. I found nothing defective about it. Unfortunately, Davies’ script left the actress with hardly anything to work with. Morton’s Harriet almost came off as self-assured and nearly flawless. Mind you, I do not blame Morton’s performance. I blame Davies’ script. His interpretation of Harriet almost seemed . . . uninteresting to me. Prunella Scales gave a solid performance as the garrulous spinster and aunt of Jane Fairfax, Miss Bates. But I must admit that I found nothing particularly memorable about her portrayal. And Lucy Robinson’s Mrs. Augusta Elton never really impressed me. In fact, I found her performance to be the least memorable one in the entire movie.
How do I describe Kate Beckinsale and Mark Strong’s portrayals of the two lead characters – Emma Woodhouse and George Knightley? Superficially, their performances seemed solid. Both knew their lines. And neither gave any wooden performances. But if I must honest, Beckinsale and Strong turned out to be my least favorite screen versions of Emma and Mr. Knightley. Beckinsale’s Emma not only struck me as chilly at times, but downright bitchy. I suspect that her performance in “COLD COMFORT FARM”may have attracted the attention of this film’s producers. What they failed to realize was that Beckinsale’s role in that particular film had acted as straight man to the rest of the comic characters. And back in the mid 1990s, the actress lacked the comic skills to portray Emma Woodhouse, a character that proved to be one of the funnier ones in this predominately humorous tale. I have been a fan of Mark Strong for several years. But after seeing “EMMA”, I would never count George Knightley as one of his better roles. I have seen Strong utilize humor in other movies. But his sense of humor seemed to be missing in “EMMA”. Strong’s George Knightley struck me as a humorless and self-righteous prig, with an intensity that seemed scary at times. The best thing I could say about Beckinsale and Strong was that the pair had decent screen chemistry.
Andrew Davies did a solid job of adapting Austen’s novel. Was he completely faithful to it? Obviously not. But I am not particularly concerned about whether he was or not. But . . . I did have one major problem with the script. I believe that Davies’ treatment of class distinctions in Regency England struck me as very heavy-handed. This lack of subtlety seemed very obvious in scenes that included Robert Martin’s silent expressions of resentment toward Emma, her little speech to Harriet about Mr. Knightley’s role as a landowner, Emma’s overtly chilly attitude toward Robert Martin and in the movie’s last sequence, the harvest ball. Which literally made me cringe with discomfort during Mr. Knightley’s speech. No one felt more relieved than I, when it finally ended.
In the end, “EMMA” seemed like a decent adaptation of Jane Austen’s novel. Some of its qualities included first-rate performances from the likes of Raymond Coulthard and Olivia Williams. And there were certain sequences that I enjoyed – like the Westons’ Christmas party and the Crown Inn ball. But I found Davies’ take on class distinctions in the movie about as subtle as a rampaging elephant. And I was not that impressed by Kate Beckinsale and Mark Strong in the lead roles. In the end, this “EMMA” proved to be my least favorite adaptation of the 1815 novel.
Author ctrent29Posted on June 12, 2019 June 12, 2019 Categories Books, TelevisionTags alistair petrie, andrew davies, bernard hepton, dido miles, dominic rowan, georgian era, guy henry, jane austen, kate beckinsale, literary, lucy robinson, mark strong, olivia williams, prunella scales, raymond coulthard, samantha bond, samantha morton, TelevisionLeave a comment on “EMMA” (1996 TV) Review
“EMMA” (1996) Review
There are times when I find it hard to believe I have seen at least four adaptation of Jane Austen’s 1815 novel, “Emma”, in the past year-and-a-half. Four adaptations. There have been a good deal more than four . . . but I have yet to see them. The last adaptation I saw turned out to be writer/director Douglas McGrath’s 1996 film, which starred Gwyneth Paltrow.
Although the actress had been working for a few years, it was her performance as Emma Woodhouse that put her on the map to stardom. In fact, I would say that “EMMA” also proved to be a professional milestone for co-stars Jeremy Northam and Toni Collette.“EMMA” turned out to be the second movie that featured both Paltrow and Collette as co-stars. And the movie also proved to be the directorial debut of Douglas McGrath. Was the movie worth the importance in the careers of the four mentioned? Perhaps.
I would never claim that “EMMA” was the best adaptation of Austen’s 1815 novel. There were aspects of it that I found unappealing or troubling. McGrath’s use of the Jane Fairfax character struck me as rather minimal. In fact, poor Polly Walker was barely able to speak more than five or six lines during her entire appearance in the movie. I got the feeling that the director/writer was not particularly interested in the character. And his limited use of poor Jane made me wonder why Emma would harbor any jealousy toward her in the first place. The characters of Isabella and John Knightley were barely used as well. I found this disappointing, since both have proved to be very interesting in other adaptations – especially the slightly rude John Knightley. Another problem I had with “EMMA” proved to be Ewan McGregor’s portrayal of Frank Churchill. I do not if the problem was the actor or McGrath’s writing. But the portrayal of the character seemed . . . off. Frank seemed more busy trying to hide his feelings for Jane, instead of forming any kind of connection to Emma. In other words, this movie did not do justice to the characters of Frank Churchill, Jane Fairfax, and the John Knightleys.
But despite these flaws, I must admit that “EMMA” turned out to be a very entertaining and first-rate movie. Personally, I believe that the movie’s top-notch owned a great deal to McGrath’s direction. The director shot “EMMA” with a steady pace that allowed the audience to enjoy the greater details of Austen’s tale. This is really a well paced movie, despite the few nips and tuck McGrath inflicted into the story. “EMMA” could never bore me with a slow pacing. Yet, at the same time, it did not race by with the speed of a comet. Another aspect that contributed greatly to “EMMA” proved to be its comic timing. I honestly have to say that the 1996 film might be the funniest adaptation of Austen’s novel. This was especially apparent in two particular scenes – the Westons’ Christmas party, Emma and Mr. Knightley’s conversation about Harriet Smith and Robert Martin, and a specific moment during the Coles’ supper party that I cannot really explain with words.
There were changes to Austen’s novel that many have protested against, but did not bother me one whit. Some have pointed out that Sophie Thompson had been too young in 1995-96 to portray the middle-aged Miss Bates. She was in her early 30s at the time. Even McGrath had initially rejected her for the role when she first auditioned. But once Thompson donned a pair of glasses that made her seem several years older. And the age range for middle-age is pretty uncertain – even to this day. One range stretches from the mid-30s to the mid-60s, in which Miss Bates would fit. Besides . . . Thompson’s portrayal of the chatty Miss Bates is so deliciously funny that in the end, I am glad that McGrath had cast her in the role. Other changes include both Harriet Smith andEmma being rescued from the gypsies by Frank Churchill, the location of Emma’s first meeting with Frank, and the convergence of both the strawberry picking and the Box Hill picnic into one outing.
Two of the bigger changes proved to be Harriet’s reaction to Emma’s engagement to Mr. Knightley and the circumstances that surrounded Emma’s insult to Miss Bates. I found these last two changes somewhat of an improvement to Austen’s story. I have always thought that Austen had glossed over Harriet’s reaction to Emma and Mr. Knightley’s engagement. After allowing Harriet to develop a crush over Donwell Abbey’s master, Austen went out of her way to avoid or evade how Harriet might have reacted to the news. McGrath, on the other hand, approached the matter with a little more realism by allowing Harriet to react with tears. The other change featured Emma’s insult to Miss Bates on Box Hill. In the novel and other versions, Emma’s insult regarding Miss Bates’ intelligence had been laced with humor. Emma’s insult was tinged with malice in this version, due to her anger over the Eltons’ cold reaction to Frank’s regard for her. And instead of Jane Fairfax refusing to see Emma during the latter’s visit to the Bates’ home following the picnic, it was Miss Bates who refused to see her. Now many “purists” might have a problem with these changes. I did not. As far as I am concerned, these changes did not harm the story.
I can say this about “EMMA” . . . it proved to be one of the most beautiful looking Austen adaptations I have ever seen. I am not familiar with Ian Wilson’s work, other than his photography for the 1981 miniseries, “THE FLAME TREES OF THIKA”. And I have not laid eyes on that particular production in many years. I only hope that it looks as beautiful and lush as Wilson’s photography in “EMMA”. My God, I never thought that such lush and sharp colors could look so elegant. The look and style of Wilson’s photography seemed to match Ruth Meyer’s costume designs. The light elegance and pastel coloring featured in Meyer’s costumes almost gave them an ethereal vision – especially those costumes for the female cast. Meyer had received criticism from those who claimed that her costumes did not accurately reflect the Regency decade or English fashion. I was too busy enjoying Meyer’s costume designs to really care.
“EMMA” provided some first-rate performances from the cast. Well . . . let me rephrase that statement. From most of the cast. Poor Ewan McGregor was nearly defeated by McGrath’s written portrayal of Frank Churchill and that damn wig he was forced to wear. The London Film Critics’ Circle gave him the British Actor of the Year award. I am sorry, but I do believe he did not deserve this award. And he would be the first to agree with me, considering his past criticism of his performance. And poor Polly Walker was damn near wasted in her role as Jane Fairfax, due to McGrath’s failure to give her any depth. And lines. There were times I felt that McGrath was more interested in Emma’s reaction to Jane’s “perfections” than in the character. But the rest of the cast fared just fine. Both Greta Scacchi and James Cosmo gave solid performances as Mrs. and Mr. Weston (Emma’s former governess and Frank’s father). I could say the same for Phyllida Law’s silent portrayal of the defeated Mrs. Bates. Denys Hawthorne gave a charmingly humorous portrayal of Emma’s father, Mr. Woodhouse. But I did not find his performance as memorable as some of the other actors who have portrayed the character. But there were performances that really knocked the wind out of me. Juliet Stevenson was hilarious as the verbose and vulgar Mrs. Augusta Elton. She was so perfect (and annoying) in the role that I found myself wishing someone would bash her over the head to stop her prattling. However, I could stand and listen to Sophie Thompson’s prattling all day. I really enjoyed her portrayal as the equally verbose and pitiful verbose Miss Bates. I especially enjoyed her habit of loudly repeating a word or line in order for her silent mother to hear. Alan Cummings struck me as deliciously insidious as the fortune seeking Reverend Philip Elton. What I found amazing about his performance was his transformation from the slimy courtier to Mrs. Elton’s henpecked and dominated husband.
The three performances that really caught my attention came from Gwyneth Paltrow, Jeremy Northam and Toni Collette. The latter gave one of the best comic performances I have ever seen in an Austen production. Her portrayal of the easily manipulated Harriet Smith reminded me of Debbie Bowen’s portrayal in the 1972 miniseries. But I believe Collette injected more comic skill into the role. Although Jeremy Northam was slightly younger than the literary George Knightley, he easily conveyed the character’s dignity and wisdom . . . and at the same time injected a great deal of wit and excellent comic timing into his performance. One of my favorite Northam moments turned out to be Knightley’s silent reaction to Emma’s duet with Frank Churchill at the Coles’ party. Northam’s Mr. Knightley looked as if he had found a worm in his salad and his expression had me shaking with laughter. Gwyneth Paltrow’s portrayal of the well-meaning, yet snobbish Emma Woodhouse projected her into stardom. And I can see why. She not only gave one of the best performances in her early career, but I also believe that she proved to be the funniest Emma I have yet to see in any adaptation. Yet, at the same time, Paltrow did a great job in conveying Emma’s more dramatic moments and character development.
Although I do not consider “EMMA” to be the best adaptation of Jane Austen’s 1815 novel, I have to admit that Douglas McGrath both wrote and directed an excellent film. He was ably supported by Ian Wilson’s beautiful photography, Ruth Meyer’s gorgeous costumes and a first-rate cast led by the excellent Gwyneth Paltrow. McGrath’s body of work may not have been that perfect, but I believe he can look back on his work for “EMMA” with great pride.
Author ctrent29Posted on April 15, 2019 May 29, 2019 Categories Books, MoviesTags alan cummings, denys hawthorne, douglas mcgrath, emma, ewan mcgregor, georgian era, greta scacchi, gwyneth paltrow, james cosmo, jane austen, jeremy northam, juliet stevenson, kathleen byron, literary, Movies, phyllida law, polly walker, sophie thompson, toni colletteLeave a comment on “EMMA” (1996) Review
“Ross Poldark and Noblesse Oblige”
“You are mistaken if you think greed and exploitation are the marks of a gentleman.” – Ross Poldark to George Warleggan, “P0LDARK” (2015)
When I first heard Ross Poldark speak those words to his nemesis, George Warleggan in Episode Eight of the current “POLDARK”series, I found myself wondering if Ross might be full of shit. Or perhaps he was either illusional . . . or a class bigot. Regardless, I could not help but roll my eyes at his remark.
I realize that some might wonder how I could accuse Ross Poldark . . . Ross Poldark of class bigotry. This man has been a champion of the working-class in his little part of Cornwall. He has managed to befriend his workers. He has spoken out on behalf of them and other members of their class. And he has been willing to make any effort to come to their aid – especially those who work on his land, even if he sometimes come off as patronizing. He has certainly expressed anger when he believed any of them has needlessly suffered, due to the actions of the upper-class or other wealthy types. Ross had spent days in a state of drunken anger after one of his former employees, Jim Carter had died after spending over a year in prison for poaching. He had also married his kitchen-maid, Demelza Carne, despite the tongue-wagging of his elite neighbors and family members.
Also, one cannot deny that the Warleggans deserved Ross’ scorn. George Warleggan’s grandfather had been a blacksmith who eventually became a moderately wealthy man. His sons – George’s father and uncle Cary – acquired even more wealth, leading the family to become their parish’s wealthiest bankers. George was the first in his family to be and his family were a money hungry bunch that resort to grasping ways – legal or illegal – to not only acquire money, but also rise up the social ladder in order to become part of Cornwall’s upper-class. They are pretty much an ambitious and venal bunch who do not seemed to give a rat’s ass about the suffering of the lower classes. They also seemed willing to inflict suffering upon them for the sake of greater profits and social respectability. And yet . . . the interesting thing about the Warleggans is that they had managed to acquire great wealth on their own – meaning without the help of some aristocrat or member of the landed gentry.
So, why did I have a problem with Ross’ words? Were viewers really expected to believe that only noveau riche types like the Warleggans were capable of greed and exploitation? History tells us that the landed gentry and the aristocracy were just as guilty of greed and exploiting not only their workers, but their land, despite occasional moments of taking care of those beneath them when times were tough. And yet, I get the feeling that those moments of compassion stemmed from the idea of “noblesse oblige” – people of noble birth being duty bound to take responsibility for the well being of those under their patronage or employment. However, “noblesse oblige” had not prevented aristocrats and members of the landed gentry from engaging in years of exploiting their land, their tenants and their employees; living greedily from their profits, and doing a poor job of managing their money led to a decrease in their wealth. This was the case for Polarks, the Chynoweths and other upper class families – fictional or not – who found themselves cash poor by the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. British landowners had been enclosing their lands – forcing tenant farmers to become agricultural laborers – since the late seventeeth century, at least a century before George Warleggan had enclosed the Trenwith estate, following his marriage to Elizabeth Chynoweth Poldark. And they continued to do so well into the nineteenth century.
If Ross regarded himself, his uncle Charles Poldark, his cousin Francis Poldark and other members of the landed gentry like Sir Hugh Bodrugan, the Treneglos, Ray Penvenen and Unwin Trevaunance as “gentlemen”, then his comments to George were spoken in error. Most, if not all, of these gentlemen were capable of greed and exploitation. Ross might occasionally criticize the behavior of his fellow members of the upper-class, just as he had did following the death of his former employee, Jim Carter. But he has never expressed antagonism toward them with the same level that he has toward the Warleggans. It is quite obvious that he regarded these men as “gentlemen”. He seemed to have no problems with socializing or forming a business enterprise with them. And if this is the case, I cannot help but wonder about the true reason behind Ross’ antipathy toward the Warleggans.
Had Ross’ antipathy originated with his exposure of the Warleggans’ cousin, Matthew Sanson, as a card cheat? I rather doubt it. Ross and some of his other acquaintances had been making snide comments about the Warleggans’ rise in wealth since the series began. No matter how many times George tried to befriend Ross throughout most of Series One, the latter would dismiss his effort with a sardonic or nasty comment. Yet, Ross seemed to have no problems with socializing with the likes of the snotty Ruth Teague Treneglos and her ineffectual husband; the money grasping blue-blooded politician Unwin Trevaunance, who sought heiress Caroline Penvenen’s hand for her money; or the self-absorbed Sir Hugh Bodrugan, who seemed to have no concern for anyone or anything, aside from his own pleasures – including Demelza Poldark, whom he pursued like some aged satyr. Even Ross is not the epitome of “gentlemanly” sainthood. He seemed so hellbent upon finding a wealthy source of copper or even tin from his mine, Wheal Grace that he failed to consider that he lacked the funds to ensure a safe environment for his workers. This determination to strike a lode without any safety measures led to an accident and the deaths of a few men. And his aggressive, yet adulterous actions against his widowed cousin-in-law (I might as well be frank – his rape of Elzabeth) in the eighth episode of Series Two made it perfectly clear that “gentleman” or not, Ross can be repulsive.
And yet, despite all of this, Ross seemed to regard the Warleggans as an unworthy lot. I am not saying that George and his uncle are a nice bunch. They can be just as repulsive and greedy as their upper-class neighbors. And on several occasions, the Warleggans have made derisive comments about Demelza, who happened to be a miner’s daughter. All this tells me is that contrary to Ross’ comment to George, the latter’s family is no better or worse than the other upper-class characters in the “POLDARK” saga. They are quite capable of being snobs. But what about Ross? Is he a snob? He may be friendly toward his workers and willing to help them out, but his friendly and compassionate regard for them seemed to have a patronizing taint. In fact, his love toward his working-class wife Demelza seemed to have the same taint.
Although his good friend, Dr. Dwight Enys, managed to rise from his working-class background to become a doctor, he did so with the help of upper-class patronage. And Ross provided his own patronage toward Dwight in helping the latter establish a medical practice in their part of Cornwall. Ross even helped Dwight in the latter’s romance with the blue-blooded Caroline Penvenen. I cannot help but wonder if the Warleggans had the benefit of “noblesse oblige” – namely an upper-class mentor to guide them in their rise to great wealth, would Ross have been less hostile toward them?
Perhaps it is one thing for Ross Poldark to help the lower classes have a better life – by offering them jobs or homes, providing patronage for someone with potential like Dwight Enys, or marrying his kitchen maid. It is another thing – at least for him – to tolerate people from the lower classes like the Warleggans to rise up in wealth through their own efforts and not via the benefit of the “noblesse oblige”. And my gut instinct tells me that the Warleggans’ rise via their own grit, ambition and brains was something that Ross could not stomach.
Author ctrent29Posted on April 7, 2019 April 7, 2019 Categories Books, Essay, TelevisionTags aidan turner, angharad rees, clive francis, eleanor tomlinson, gabriella wilde, georgian era, heida reed, jack farthing, jill townsend, judy geeson, kyle soller, literary, luke norris, patrick ryecart, pip torrens, poldark, politics, ralph bates, richard morant, robin ellis, TelevisionLeave a comment on “Ross Poldark and Noblesse Oblige”
1750-1799 Costumes in Movies and Television
Below are images of fashion between 1750 and 1799, found in movies and television productions over the years:
“The Devil’s Disciple” (1959)
“Poldark” (1975-1977)
“Dangerous Liaisons” (1988)
“The Aristocrats” (1999)
“Amazing Grace” (2006)
“The Duchess” (2008)
“The Book of Negroes” (2015)
Author ctrent29Posted on January 10, 2019 January 10, 2019 Categories Art, Books, Essay, Movies, TelevisionTags american revolution, ancien régime, anne-marie duff, aunjanue ellis, british empire, burt lancaster, claudette colbert, colonial america, cuba gooding jr., dominic cooper, early america, george bernard shaw, georgian era, geraldine somerville, glenn close, hayley atwell, heida reed, henry fonda, history, jack farthing, jason schwartzman, jodhi may, john ford, john malkovich, keira knightley, kirk douglas, kirsten dunst, laurence olivier, marisa berenson, michelle pfieffer, norma streader, poldark, politics, romola garai, ryan o'neal, serena gordon, seven years war, william makepeace thackeryLeave a comment on 1750-1799 Costumes in Movies and Television
“GEORGE WASHINGTON” (1984) Review
Twenty-four years before the award-winning HBO miniseries “JOHN ADAMS” aired, the CBS network aired a miniseries about the first U.S. President, George Washington. Simply titled “GEORGE WASHINGTON”, this three-part miniseries was based upon two biographies written by James Thomas Flexner – 1965’s “George Washington, the Forge of Experience, 1732–1775” and 1968’s “George Washington in the American Revolution, 1775–1783”.
“GEORGE WASHINGTON” spanned at least forty years in the life of the first president – from 1743, when his father Augustine Washington died from a sudden illness; to 1783, when Washington bid good-bye to the officers who had served under him during the American Revolutionary War. The miniseries covered some of the major events of Washington’s life:
*His training and profession as a surveyor of Western lands
*His experiences as an officer of the Virginia militia during the Seven Years War
*His friendship with neighbors George William and Sally Cary Fairfax between the 1750s and the 1770s
*The romantic feelings between him and Sally Fairfax
*His marriage to widow Martha Dandridge Custis and his role as stepfather to her two children
*His life as a Virginia planter
*His role as a member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses
*His growing disenchantment with the British Parliament
*His brief experiences as a representative of the Second Continental Congress
*And his experiences as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army
Actually, one half of the miniseries covered Washington’s life from his childhood to his years as a Virginia planter. The other half covered his experiences during the American Revolution. Glancing at the list above, I realized that “GEORGE WASHINGTON”covered a great deal in Washington’s life. More importantly, Jon Boothe and Richard Fielder did a first-rate job by delving into the many aspects of the man’s life and his relationships with great details and depth. This was especially apparent in Washington’s relationships with his controlling mother, Mary Ball Washington; his friendship with George William Fairfax; his light romance with Sally Fairfax; his relationships with his military aides during the American Revolution and especially his marriage to Martha Custis.
I found it interesting that the miniseries managed to convey how difficult and controlling Mary Washington was as a parent. However, I found it slightly disappointing that the miniseries did not further explore Washington’s relationship with his mother, once he became swept up into the Seven Year’s War – especially since she had survived long enough to witness him become the first U.S. president.
Washington’s relationship with George William “Will” Fairfax proved to be a complex matter for two reasons. One, Will Fairfax had remained loyal to the British Crown throughout his life. During the decade leading to the outbreak of the American Revolution, that relationship threatened to fall apart due to the two friends’ different political belief – something I was happy to see that the miniseries had conveyed. Another aspect that posed a threat to Washington’s friendship with Fairfax was his romantic feelings for the man’s wife, Sally Fairfax . . . and her feelings for him. There have been rumors that Washington’s relationship with Sally had led to physical adultery, but no proof. But there is proof that they had strong feelings for one another and the miniseries; due to Fiedler and Boothe’s screenplay, along with the performances of Barry Bostwick and Jaclyn Smith; did an excellent job of conveying the pair’s emotional regard for each other in a subtle and elegant manner. What I found even more amazing was the miniseries’ portrayal of Washington’s courtship of and his marriage to Martha Custis. I was surprised that Boothe and Fiedler had portrayed Washington’s feelings toward her with such ambiguity. This left me wondering if he had married her for love . . . or for her fortune. By the last half hour or so of the miniseries, Washington finally admitted to Martha that he did love her. However, the manner in which Bostwick portrayed that scene, I found myself wondering if Washington was himself amazed by how much his feelings for Martha had grown.
I do not know what to say about the miniseries’ portrayal of Washington’s relationships with his military aides during the American Revolution. I do not doubt that his aides were loyal to him or probably even worship him. But I must admit that it seemed the miniseries’ portrayal of this relationship seemed to make Washington’s character just a touch too ideal for my tastes. In fact, one of the miniseries’ main problems seemed to be its idealistic portrayal of the main character. Aside from Washington’s bouts of quick temper, his ambiguous affections for his wife Martha, and his cold relationship with his less than ideal stepson, John “Jacky” Parke Custis; the miniseries made very little effort to portray Washington in any negative light. In fact, Washington’s demand for higher rank within the Virginia militia and British Army during the Seven Years War is portrayed as justified, thanks to Fiedler and Boothe’s screenplay. Personally, I found his demand rather arrogant, considering his young age (early to mid-20s) and limited training and experience as a military officer at the time. Not only did I found his demand arrogant, but also rather astounding. What I found even more astounding was the miniseries’ attitude that television viewers were supposed to automatically sympathize with Washington’s demands.
The miniseries’ portrayal of Washington in the second half – the period that covered the American Revolution – nearly portrayed the planter-turned-commander as a demigod. Honestly. Aside from his occasional bursts of temper, General George Washington of the Continental Army – at least in this miniseries – was a man who could do no wrong. And at times, I found this rather boring. I cannot recall any moment during the miniseries’ second half that questioned Washington’s decisions or behavior. Most of his military failures were blamed on either military rivals or limited support from the Continental Congress.
And then . . . there was the matter of black soldiers serving in the Continental Army. According to “GEORGE WASHINGTON”, Southern representative in Congress wanted blacks – whether they were former slaves or freemen – banned from serving in the army. It was Washington who demanded that Congress allow black men to fight alongside white men in the country’s rebellion against the British Empire. By the way . . . this was a complete lie. Despite black men fighting in the Massachusetts militias during the Battles at Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill, Washington signed an order forbidding them to become part of the Continental Army when the white New England militiamen did. Come to think of it, when it came to racism and slavery, “GEORGE WASHINGTON” presented a completely whitewashed portrait of the future president. The miniseries even featured a pre-war scene in which Washington prevented his overseer from breaking apart slave families at Mount Vernon by selling some of the slaves for needed funds for the plantation. In reality, Washington was not above selling off slaves or breaking up families for the sake of profit or punishing a slave. At a time when historians and many factions of the American public were willing to view the Founding Fathers in a more ambiguous light; Fiedler and co-producers Buzz Kulik and David Gerber lacked the guts to portray Washington with a bit more honestly . . . especially in regard to race and slavery. If they had been more honest, they could have portrayed Washington’s growing unease over slavery and race, following Congress’ decision to allow them within the ranks of the Continental Army in 1777. Unfortunately, putting Washington on a pedestal seemed more important than allowing him some semblance of character development.
Production wise, “GEORGE WASHINGTON” struck me as first-rate. The miniseries had been shot in locales in Virginia and Southern Pennsylvania, adding to the production’s 18th century Colonial America atmosphere. I cannot say whether Harry Stradling Jr.’s cinematography also contributed to the miniseries’ setting. If I must be honest, I did not find his photography that memorable. But I was impressed by Alfred Sweeney’s production designs, along with Sig Tingloff’s art direction and Arthur Jeph Parker’s set decorations. However, I had a problem with the costume choices selected by a costume team supervised by Michael W. Hoffman. To be honest, I did not have much trouble with the costumes for the men. The women’s costumes proved to be another man. A good deal of the story is set among the colonial Virginia gentry. I hate to say this, but I found a good deal of the women’s costumes less than impressive. They looked as if they came straight from a costume warehouse in the middle of Hollywood. I especially had a problem with Jaclyn Smith’s wardrobe as Sally Fairfax. I realize that she is supposed to be an 18th century version of a Southern belle. But there were one or two costumes that seemed to be some confusing mixture of mid 18th and mid 19th centuries. Yikes.
I certainly had no problem with the performances featured in the 1984 miniseries. The latter featured solid performances from legendary actors like Lloyd Bridges, Jose Ferrer, Trevor Howard, Jeremy Kemp, Clive Revill, Anthony Zerbe, Robert Stack and Hal Holbrook. However, I really enjoyed James Mason’s energetic portrayal of the doomed General Edward Braddock; Rosemary Murphy’s skillful performance as the future president’s demanding mother, Mary Ball Washington; Richard Kiley’s emotional portrayal of Washington’s neighbor, planter George Mason; and John Glover’s ambiguous performance as the ambitious Revolutionary officer, Charles Lee. I was also impressed by Stephen Macht’s performance as the ambitious and volatile Benedict Arnold. I could also say the same about Megan Gallagher’s portrayal of Arnold’s wife, Peggy Shippen. Ron Canada provided a good deal of depth in his limited appearances as Washington’s slave valet, Billy Lee. Philip Casnoff, who was a year away from his stint in the “NORTH AND SOUTH” miniseries, gave a very charming and humorous performance as Washington’s French-born aide and close friend, the Marquis de Lafayette. And Leo Burmester gave an excellent performance as Eban Krutch, the New England born Continental soldier, who served as the viewers’ eyes of both Washington and the war throughout the miniseries’ second half.
I really enjoyed David Dukes’ performance as Washington’s neighbor, mentor and close friend, Will Fairfax. I found it quite energetic and charming. And he managed to develop a first-rate chemistry with Barry Bostwick. Come to think of it, so did Jaclyn Smith, who portrayed Fairfax’s wife and the object of Washington’s desire, Sally Fairfax. I also found Smith’s performance rather complex as she had to convey her character’s feelings for Washington in a subtle manner. At first, I found Patty Duke’s portrayal of the future First Lady, Martha Washington, solid but not particularly interesting. Thankfully, the last quarter of the miniseries allowed Duke to prove what a first-rate actress she could be, as it explored Mrs. Washington’s reaction to the privations suffered by the Continental Army’s rank-and-file. Her performance led to an Emmy nomination. And finally, I come to the man of the hour himself, Barry Bostwick. Despite the miniseries being guilty of whitewashing some of Washington’s character, I cannot deny that Bostwick gave a superb performance. The actor skillfully conveyed Washington’s character from the callow youth who was dominated by his mother and his ambition to the weary, yet iconic military general who carried the rebellion and the birth of a country on his shoulders. It is a pity that he did not receive any award nominations for his performance.
I may have my complaints about “GEORGE WASHINGTON”. Despite its detailed account of the first president’s life, I believe it went out of its way to protect his reputation with occasional whitewashing. And some of the miniseries’ production values – namely the women’s costumes – struck me as a bit underwhelming. But despite its flaws, “GEORGE WASHINGTON” proved to be a first-rate miniseries that delved into the history of the United States during the mid-and-late 18th century, via the life of one man. It also benefited from excellent direction from Buzz Kulik and superb performances led by the talented Barry Bostwick. Not surprisingly, the miniseries managed to earn at least six Emmy nominations.
Author ctrent29Posted on September 26, 2018 September 26, 2018 Categories Books, TelevisionTags american revolution, anthony zerbe, barry bostwick, brad sullivan, british empire, clive revill, colonial america, david dukes, georgian era, hal holbrook, harry groener, history, jaclyn smith, james mason, jeffrey jones, jeremy kemp, john glover, jose ferrer, josh clark, kelsey grammer, leo burmester, lloyd bridges, nicholas surovy, patty duke, philip casnoff, politics, richard kiley, robert stack, ron canada, rosemary murphy, scott hylands, Television, trevor howardLeave a comment on “GEORGE WASHINGTON” (1984) Review
“POLDARK” Series One (2015): Episodes Five to Eight
Within the past year, I had developed a major interest in author Winston Graham’s 1945-2002 “POLDARK” literary saga and the two television adaptations of it. Series One of the second adaptation produced by Debbie Horsfield, premiered on the BBC (in Great Britain) and PBS (in the United States) last year. Consisting of eight episodes, Series One of “POLDARK” was an adaptation of 1945’s “Ross Poldark – A Novel of Cornwall, 1783-1787” and “Demelza – A Novel of Cornwall, 1788-1790”. Whereas Episodes One to Four adapted the 1945 novel, Episodes Five to Eight adapted the 1946 novel.
Episode Four left off with the death of Ross Poldark’s uncle, Charles; leaving Trenwith, the family’s premiere estate, in the hands of his cousin Francis. Ross’ former kitchen maid and new bride, Demelza Carne Poldark, formed a friendship with Francis’ sister Verity and accompanied Ross to a rather tense Christmas celebration at Trenwith, which was further marred by an unexpected appearance of the noveau-riche Warleggan family and friends. Ross also learned that copper had been discovered inside his mine and that Demelza had become pregnant with their first child.
Episode Five began several months later with the arrival of a traveling theater company that includes a young actress named Keren, who attracts the attention of miner Mark Daniels. The episode also marked the arrival of two other players – Dwight Enys, a former British Army officer and doctor, who happens to be a former comrade of Ross’; and young Julia Poldark, whose birth interrupted her parents’ enjoyment of the traveling theater company’s performance. The four episodes featured a good number of events and changes in Ross Poldark’s life. Julia’s birth led to a riotous christening in which he and Demelza had to deal with unexpected guests. Francis lost his fortune and his mine to George Warleggan’s cousin Matthew Sanson at a gaming party. Ross learned that his former employee Jim Carter was seriously ill at the Bodomin Jail and tried to rescue the latter with Dwight Enys’ help. The tragic consequences of their attempt led to Ross’ ill nature at the Warleggan’s ball. Dwight drifted into an affair with Keren Daniels, with tragic results.
Ross and several other mine owners created the Carnmore Copper Company in an effort to break the Warleggans’ stranglehold on the mineral smelting business, while Demelza plotted to resurrect her cousin-in-law Verity Poldark’s romance with Captain Andrew Blamey. The success of her efforts led to an estrangement between Ross and Frances. Demelza’s matchmaking also led to financial disaster for her husband’s new business venture. A Putrid’s Throat epidemic struck the neighborhood, affecting Francis, Elizabeth and their son Geoffrey Charles. Not long after Demelza had nursed them back to health, both she and Julia were stricken by disease. The season ended with a series of tragic and tumultuous events. Although Demelza recovered, Julia succumbed to Putrid’s Throat. The Warleggans’ merchant ship wrecked off the coast of Poldark land and Ross alerted locals like Jud and Prudie Paynter to salvage any goods that wash up on the shore. This “salvaging” led to violence between those on Poldark lands and neighboring miners and later, both against local military troops. One of the victims of the shipwreck turned out to be the Warleggans’ cousin, Matthew Sanson. After Ross insulted Sanson’s death in George Warleggan’s face, the season ended with the latter arranging for Ross’ arrest for inciting the riot.
I must admit that I liked these next four episodes a bit more than I did the first quartet. Do not get me wrong. I enjoyed those first episodes very much. But Episodes Five to Eight not only deepened the saga – naturally, considering a they were continuation of the first four – but also expanded the world of Ross Poldark.
One of the aspects of Series One’s second half that caught both my attention and my admiration was the production’s continuing portrayal of Britain’s declining economic situation during the late 18th century . . . especially for the working class. Both Episodes Five and Seven featured brief scenes that conveyed this situation. In Episode Five; Ross, Demelza and Verity encounter a starving family on the road to Turo, begging for food or money. A second brief scene in Episode Seven featured Demelza baking bread and later, dispersing it to the neighborhood’s starving poor. However, the series also featured bigger scenes that really drove home the dire economic situation. Upon reaching Truro in Episode Five, both Demelza and Verity witnessed a riot that broke out between working-class locals and the militia when the former tried to access the grain stored inside Matthew Sanson’s warehouse. I found the sequence well shot by director William McGregor. The latter also did an excellent job in the sequence that featured locals like the Paynters ransacking much needed food and other goods that washed ashore from the Warleggans’ wrecked ship. I was especially impressed by how the entire sequence segued from Ross wallowing in a state of grief over his daughter’s death before spotting the shipwreck to the militia’s violent attempt to put down the riot that had developed between the tenants and miners on Ross’ land and locals from other community.
Even the upper-classes have felt the pinch of economic decline, due to the closing and loses of mines across the region and being in debt to bankers like the Warleggans. Following the discovery of copper inside his family’s mine in Episode Four, Ross seemed destined to avoid such destitution. Not only was he able to afford a new gown and jewels for Demelza to wear at the Warleggan ball in Episode Six, he used his profits from the mine to create a smelting company – the Carnmore Copper Company – with the assistance of other shareholders in an effort to break the Warleggans’ monopoly on the local mining industry. One cannot say the same for his cousin Francis, who continued to skirt on the edge of debt, following his father’s death. Unfortunately, Francis wasted a good deal of his money on gambling and presents for the local prostitute named Margaret. In a scene that was not in the novel, but I found both enjoyable and very effective, he lost both his remaining fortune and his mine, Wheal Grambler, to the Warleggans’ cousin, Matthew Sanson, at a gaming party. But this was not the end of the sequence. Thanks to director William McGregor and Horsfield’s script. The sequence became even more fascinating once the Poldarks at Trenwith learned of Francis’ loss, especially Elizabeth. And it ended on a dramatic level with Francis being forced to officially close Wheal Grambler in front a crowd. I realize the sequence was not featured in Graham’s novel, but if I must be honest; I thought Horsfield’s changes really added a good deal of drama to this turn of events. Not only did McGregor shot this sequence rather well, I really have to give kudos to Kyle Soller, who did an excellent job in portraying Francis at his nadir in this situation; and Heida Reed, who did such a superb job conveying the end of Elizabeth’s patience with her wayward husband with a slight change in voice tone, body language and expression.
I was also impressed by other scenes in Series One’s second half. The christening for Ross and Demelza’s new daughter, Julia, provided some rather hilarious moments as their upper-crust neighbors met Demelza’s religious fanatic of a father and stepmother. Thanks to Harriet Ballard and Mark Frost’s performances, I especially enjoyed the confrontation between the snobbish Ruth Treneglos and the blunt Mark Carne. It was a blast. Ross and Dwight’s ill-fated rescue of a seriously ill Jim Carter from the Bodmin Jail was filled with both tension and tragedy. Tension also marked the tone in one scene which one of the Warleggans’ minions become aware of the newly formed Carnmore Copper Company during a bidding session. Another scene that caught my interest featured George Warleggan’s successful attempt at manipulating a very angry Francis into revealing the names of shareholders in Ross’ new cooperative . . . especially after the latter learned about his sister Verity’s elopement with Andrew Blamey. Both Soller and Jack Farthing gave excellent and subtle performances in this scene. Once again, McGregor displayed a talent for directing large scenes in his handling of the sequence that featured the wreck of the Warleggans’ ship, the Queen Charlotte, and both the looting and riot on the beach that followed. Series One ended on a dismal note with Ross and Demelza dealing with the aftermath of young Julia’s death and Ross’ arrest by the militia for leading the beach riot. Although I found the latter scene a bit of a throwaway, I was impressed by the scene featuring a grieving Ross and Demelza, thanks to the excellent performances from series leads, Aidan Turner and Elinor Tomlinson.
If there is one sequence that I really enjoyed in Series One of “POLDARK”, it was the Warleggan ball featured in Episode Six. Ironically, not many people enjoyed it. They seemed put out by Ross’ boorish behavior. I enjoyed it. Ross seemed in danger of becoming a Gary Stu by this point. I thought it was time that audiences saw how unpleasant he can be. And Turner did such an excellent job in conveying that aspect of Ross’ personality. He also got the chance to verbally cross swords with Robin Ellis’ Reverend Dr. Halse for the second time. Frankly, it was one of the most enjoyable moments in the series, so far. Both Turner and Ellis really should consider doing another project together. The segment ended with not only an argument between Ross and Demelza that I found enjoyable, but also a rather tense card game between “our hero” and the Warleggans’ cousin Matthew Sanson that seemed enriched by performances from both Turner and Jason Thorpe.
I wish I had nothing further to say about Episodes to Eight of Series One. I really do. But . . . well, the episodes featured a good number of things to complain about. One, there were two sequences in which Horsfield and McGregor tried to utilize two scenes by showing them simultaneously. Episode Seven featured a segment in which both Demelza and Elizabeth tried to prevent a quarrel between two men in separate scenes – at the same time. And Episode Eight featured a segment in which both Ross and Demelza tried to explain the circumstances of their financial downfall (the destruction of the Carnmore Copper Company and Verity Poldark’s elopement) to each other via flashbacks . . . and at the same time. Either Horsfield was trying to be artistic or economic with the running time she had available. I do not know. However, I do feel that both sequences were clumsily handled and I hope that no such narrative device will be utilized in Series Two.
I have another minor quibble and it has to do with makeup for both Eleanor Tomlinson and Heida Reed. In Episode Eight, the characters for both actresses – Demelza Poldark and Elizabeth Poldark – had been stricken by Putrid’s Throat. Both characters came within an inch of death. Yet . . . for the likes of me, I found the production’s different handling of the makeup for both women upon their recovery from Putrid’s Throat rather odd. Whereas Elizabeth looked as if she had recently recovered from a serious illness or death (extreme paleness and dark circles under the eyes), the slight reddish tints on Demelza’s face made her looked as if she had recently recovered from a cold. Winston Graham’s portrayal of Demelza has always struck me as a bit too idealized. In fact, she tends to come off as a borderline Mary Sue. And both the 1970s series and this recent production are just as guilty in their handling of Demelza’s character. But this determination to make Demelza look beautiful – even while recovering from a near fatal illness – strikes me as completely ridiculous.
If there is one aspect of this second group of Series One’s episodes that really troubled me, it was the portrayal of traveling actress Keren Smith Daniels and her affair with Dr. Dwight Enys. After viewing Debbie Horsfield’s portrayal of the Keren Daniels character, I found myself wondering it Debbie Horsfield harbored some kind of whore/Madonna mentality. Why on earth did she portray Keren in such an unflattering and one-dimensional manner? Instead of delving into Keren’s unsatisfaction as Mark Daniels’ wife and treating her as a complex woman, Horsfield ended up portraying her as some one-dimensional hussy/adultress who saw Dwight as a stepping stone up the social ladder. Only in the final seconds of Keren’s death was actress Sabrina Barlett able to convey the character’s frustration with her life as a miner’s wife. Worse, Horsfield changed the nature of Keren’s death, by having Mark accidentally squeeze her to death during an altercation, instead of deliberately murdering her. Many had accused Horsfield of portraing Keren in this manner in order to justify Mark’s killing of her, along with Ross and Demelza’s decision to help him evade the law. Frankly, I agree. I find it distasteful that the portrayal of a character – especially a female character – was compromised to enrich the heroic image of the two leads – especially the leading man. Will this be the only instance of a supporting character being compromised for the sake of the leading character? Or was Horsfield’s portrayal of Keren Daniels the first of such other unnecessary changes to come?
Despite my disppointment with the portrayal of the Keren Daniels character and her affair with Dwigh Enys and a few other aspects of the production, I had no problems with Episode Five to Eight of Series One for “POLDARK”. If I must be honest, I enjoyed it slightly more than I did the first four episodes. With the adaptation of “Demelza – A Novel of Cornwall, 1788-1790” complete, I am curious to see how Debbie Horsfield and her production staff handle the adaptation of Winston Graham’s next two novels in his literary series.
Author ctrent29Posted on June 14, 2018 June 14, 2018 Categories Books, Essay, TelevisionTags aidan turner, american revolution, beatie edney, british empire, caroline blakiston, eleanor tomlinson, georgian era, heida reed, history, jack farthing, john hollingworth, kyle soller, literary, luke norris, matthew wilson, patrick ryecart, phil davis, pip torrens, poldark, politics, richard hope, robin ellis, ruby bentall, TelevisionLeave a comment on “POLDARK” Series One (2015): Episodes Five to Eight
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Source Code [2011 Film] (Review)
Posted on June 30, 2013 by Mathew
Contains spoilers.
Knowing nothing about it, I happened to watch Source Code a few weeks ago at a party. It’s very rare for me to begin watching a film with absolutely no knowledge of its content, cast or crew but here I was completely in the dark. It’s worth considering how this might affect our opinion of a film. Should its publicity or reputation be factored into the overall film experience? I found it quite refreshing here to be able to judge the film purely on its own merits, only finding out other details later (like that it was directed by David Bowie’s son!). Yes, Source Code was directed by Duncan Jones and released in 2011.
Being in an age where the science fiction genre in film is dominated by high-budget, infuriatingly dense blockbusters – I may have mentioned this before – where Transformers, Iron-Man, The Avengers and Avatar are all in the top ten highest-grossing films of all time (though the list looks slightly better when adjusted for inflation), a simple, idea-based science fiction film is always a breath of fresh air. Source Code tackles the idea of a machine which can send a consciousness back in time to relive the final 8 minutes of a person’s life. Here, Captain Colter Stevens finds himself in the body of Sean Fentress on a train which was destroyed in a terrorist bombing. He relives this experience again and again as he is tasked with finding the culprit, meanwhile trying to discover the circumstances of his ‘death’.
I’m highly impressed with the way the film gradually teases us with information and answers. The revelations that Colter is clinically dead besides minimal brain function, that Goodwin can only see his words written on a screen and then the final, shocking revelation of just how wounded he really is all brilliantly develop the concept. This occurs alongside a general shifting of perspective from Colter to the other characters, which is achieved effortlessly. Then, everything is perfect about the final revelation that the source code creates parallel worlds. The tone, the acting, music… It proves that you don’t need gratuitous senseless action or violence to make a film interesting. Where there is violence it serves a purpose, is never repetitive and advances the film. This alone makes Source Code a far superior film to most others I’ve seen recently.
But that’s not all the film has going for it. It’s intelligently written and Jones’ direction is extremely skilled yet subtle. After watching the film I realised the story had taken place over just three sets, but amazingly never felt constrained or claustrophobic. Jones and his crew made so many good decisions on even the small things, like creating a sense of fluidity with great over-the-shoulder shots and seamless movement. The train was so realistic, with either the set or the camera having a slight jiggle and the scenery rushing past the windows as it would a real train. Surely they didn’t make the film on an actual train? It’s so realistic I can’t be certain.
The acting is essential in selling the complex ideas. Jake Gyllenhaal was great as the tormented and confused, but eventually dedicated Colter. I found the character occasionally veered into “typical arrogant male protagonist” territory, but when contrasted with his scenes of humility and sobriety proved to be a well-balanced character. Likewise, Christina by Michelle Monaghan was never written to be a deep character, considering we mostly only see the same 8 minutes of her life, but she does feel like a three-dimensional person. Goodwin, played by Vera Framiga, is by far my favourite character. She is written and acted as first as an unthinking member of the military who obeys orders without question, but creates a convincing and moving bond with Colter – remarkable considering she’s only seeing words on a screen – and, against her orders, lets him die as he wished. I also enjoyed Jeffrey Wright as Dr. Rutledge.
If I had to pick a flaw in the film, which is difficult, I would say that the source code idea could have been taken further. I was left wanting more – while definitely a sign of a good film, also means it must have been even partially unsatisfying. Speaking about the film with a friend, his view was that the idea was too big for one film and I completely agree. I read something about a planned television series on the source code concept… ? That would be a great premise! There’s so much they could do.
In conclusion, Source Code is a masterpiece. It perhaps isn’t the most memorable film but it’s an example of science fiction as its best. It takes a concept and explores it, having great fun in the process. I have heard good things about Duncan Jones’ so far only other film, Moon, and intend to watch that too.
Final rating: 9.5/10
http://greatfilmshunting.wordpress.com/2013/05/11/source-code-duncan-jones-2011/
http://darrellwilliamsonfilm.wordpress.com/2013/06/04/film-review-source-code-originally-published-in-2011/
This entry was posted in Films and tagged Avatar, David Bowie, Duncan Jones, Iron Man, Jake Gyllenhaal, Jeffrey Wright, Michelle Monaghan, science fiction, Source Code, The Avengers, Transformers, Vera Framiga by Mathew. Bookmark the permalink.
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The Long History Behind Donald Trump's 'America First' Foreign Policy
Donald Trump speaks during a campaign press conference in Washington, DC on March 21, 2016.
Jabin Botsford—The Washington Post / Getty Images
By Lily Rothman
In the course of an interview with the New York Times, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump had his foreign policy boiled down to two words: “America First.” In an exchange prompted by the Times‘ David E. Sanger, who was the first to use the phrase in the course of the interview, Trump said that he was “not isolationist” but that he was, in fact, “America First.”
“I like the expression,” the candidate said. “I’m ‘America First.'”
Trump explained that what he meant by the idea was that his administration would prevent other nations from taking advantage of the United States. But whatever he meant, those words come with nearly a century’s worth of political baggage.
Though the nation has a long history of vowing to stay out of the problems of other countries—George Washington’s farewell address famously warned against foreign entanglements in 1796—but it was after World War I, as the U.S. was in a position of power and wealth compared to its once-stronger allies, that the modern version of that sentiment came to the forefront. At the war’s close, President Wilson had urged the nation to join the new League of Nations, to ensure peace through international cooperation in the precursor to the United Nations. In 1919, however, the Senate had rejected the idea of participating in such an organization.
Bringing Color to Presidents Past
Col. Theodore Roosevelt with a dead elephant at Meru, Kenya. The Siena Research Institute (SRI) at Siena College often releases complex expert rankings of all U.S. Presidents. In 2010, the SRI Survey Ranked Roosevelt the #2 President of All Time. Roosevelt took top marks in the survey's categories for 'Imagination,' 'Willingness to Take Risks', 'Court Appointments' and 'Intelligence.'
Col. Theodore Roosevelt with a dead elephant at Meru, Kenya.
Original Image by Kermit Roosevelt / Library of Congress
c. 1908. Grover Cleveland, half-length portrait, seated at desk. Ranked #20 in SRI Survey of U.S. Presidents.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image (c) The New York Herald Company / Library of Congress
c. 1908. Grover Cleveland, half-length portrait, seated at desk.
Original Image (c) The New York Herald Company / Library of Congress
March 5, 1917. Woodrow Wilson and his wife Edith Bolling Wilson riding in the backseat of a carriage on their way to his second inauguration. Ranked #8 in SRI survey of U.S. Presidents.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image National Photo Company Collection / Library of Congress
March 5, 1917. Woodrow Wilson and his wife Edith Bolling Wilson riding in the backseat of a carriage on their way to his second inauguration.
Original Image National Photo Company Collection / Library of Congress
June 5, 1944. General Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the order of the day, "Full victory--nothing else" to paratroopers somewhere in England, just before they board their airplanes to participate in the first assault in the invasion of the continent of Europe. Ranked #10 in SRI survey of U.S. Presidents.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image by Library of Congress
June 5, 1944. General Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the order of the day, "Full victory--nothing else" to paratroopers somewhere in England, just before they board their airplanes to participate in the first assault in the invasion of the continent of Europe.
Original Image by Library of Congress
c. April 19, 1945. Harry Truman, half-length portrait, seated at desk, facing front, holding pencil. Ranked #9 in SRI survey of U.S. Presidents.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image (c) Chase-Statler, Washington / Library of Congress
c. April 19, 1945. Harry Truman, half-length portrait, seated at desk, facing front, holding pencil.
Original Image (c) Chase-Statler, Washington / Library of Congress
c. June 7, 1898. William McKinley, full length portrait, seated at desk, facing right. Ranked #21 in SRI survey of U.S. Presidents.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image (c) Frances Benjamin Johnston / Library of Congress
c. June 7, 1898. William McKinley, full length portrait, seated at desk, facing right.
Original Image (c) Frances Benjamin Johnston / Library of Congress
June 12, 1971. President Richard Nixon standing in a crowd of people at daughter Tricia Nixon's wedding at the White House. Ranked #30 in SRI survey of U.S. Presidents.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image by Warren K. Leffler / Library of Congress
June 12, 1971. President Richard Nixon standing in a crowd of people at daughter Tricia Nixon's wedding at the White House.
Original Image by Warren K. Leffler / Library of Congress
Nov. 8, 1863. Formal portrait of Abraham Lincoln. Ranked #3 in SRI survey of U.S. Presidents, Lincoln received highest marks in the 'Ability to Compromise' and 'Domestic Accomplishments' categories.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original image by Alexander Gardner / Library of Congress
Nov. 8, 1863. Formal portrait of Abraham Lincoln.
Original image by Alexander Gardner / Library of Congress
September, 1955. Lyndon B. Johnson, half length portrait, left profile, looking out a window. Ranked #16 in SRI Survey of U.S. Presidents, Johnson is rated #1 for his 'Relationship with Congress' but falls in last place for his 'Foreign Policy Accomplishments.'
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image by Thomas J. O'Halloran / Library of Congress
September, 1955. Lyndon B. Johnson, half length portrait, left profile, looking out a window.
Original Image by Thomas J. O'Halloran / Library of Congress
September 12, 1953. John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier on their wedding day. Ranked #11 in SRI Survey of American Presidents, Kennedy is ranked 4th in 'Communication', 6th in 'Ability to Compromise', 6th in 'Executive Appointments' and 7th in 'Imagination'.
Photo colorization by Sanna Dullaway for TIME / Original Image by Toni Frissell / Library of Congress
September 12, 1953. John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier on their wedding day.
Original Image by Toni Frissell / Library of Congress
March 4, 1933. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover in a convertible automobile on their way to the U.S. Capitol for Roosevelt's inauguration. FDR was ranked #1 on SRI's Survey of U.S. Presidents, holding the top spot in categories like 'Handling of the U.S. Economy,' 'Foreign Policy Accomplishments' and 'Party Leadership.'
March 4, 1933. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover in a convertible automobile on their way to the U.S. Capitol for Roosevelt's inauguration.
June 11 or 12, 1864. General Ulysses S. Grant at City Point. Ranked #26 in SRI Survey of American Presidents, Grant remained in the bottom five Presidents of the survey through the 1980s and 1990s before being bumped up the list.
June 11 or 12, 1864. General Ulysses S. Grant at City Point.
In the years that followed, it appeared to some that the isolationist instinct in the U.S. had been a good one. As Europe faltered and once-supreme nations struggled to recover, the U.S. seemed by contrast healthy and wealthy—a fact that at least some observers attributed to having left the rest of the world to fend for itself. “The United States has achieved prosperity by the wise policy of America first,” declared London’s Daily Express in 1923. In 1927, the slogan got another boost when Chicago elected a headline-hungry mayor, William Hale Thompson, whose campaign anthem was “America First, Last and Always.” He pledged to support the establishment of America First Associations around the country, and said he would show English leaders who asked for economic help “where to get off.”
That “America First” attitude would be put to the test soon enough.
Isolationist Robert E. Wood on the Oct. 6, 1941, cover of TIME
As war broke out once again in the 1930s, isolation-minded Americans confronted the possibility that the U.S. would become entangled in another international campaign. As TIME recounted in December of 1940, the previous summer a Yale law student named Robert Douglas Stuart Jr. had joined forces with business executive and famed veteran Gen. Robert E. Wood, and together they had started the America First Committee. The committee espoused the view that since Germany was unlikely to invade the U.S. directly, the best response to the war was for the U.S. to remain neutral in all respects, even if that meant doing business with the Nazis. By that December, the committee boasted 60,000 members.
In April of 1941, after the Lend-Lease Act was passed over America First objections, Charles Lindbergh—the most famous face of U.S. isolationism and the America First Committee—spoke to a Manhattan rally, laying out the America First take on the global situation. As he saw it, England was losing the war and it was too late to fix that. He believed the U.S. shouldn’t fight a war it couldn’t win, helping England was depleting America’s defenses, and the U.S. was better off alone:
[The America First policy] is based upon the belief that the security of a nation lies in the strength and character of its own people. It recommends the maintenance of armed forces sufficient to defend this hemisphere from attack by any combination of foreign powers. It demands faith in an independent American destiny. This is the policy of the America First Committee today. It is a policy not of isolation, but of independence; not of defeat, but of courage. It is a policy that led this nation to success during the most trying years of our history, and it is a policy that will lead us to success again. We have weakened ourselves for many months, and still worse, we have divided our own people by this dabbling in Europe’s wars. While we should have been concentrating on American defense we have been forced to argue over foreign quarrels. We must turn our eyes and our faith back to our own country before it is too late.
As Donald Trump has done, Lindbergh advanced the idea that the majority of Americans were on his side, but that their opinions were drowned out by the powerful voices of the interventionist press. Poll results from the time, however, indicated that most respondents agreed that the U.S. should go to war if that were what was necessary to defeat fascism. And as the summer ended and it was clear that the committee had failed in its mission to change the tide, Lindbergh’s views were widely protested as un-American—and worse.
That autumn, the America First Committee, as TIME put it in a cover story, “touched the pitch of anti-Semitism, and its fingers were tarred.” The story came after Lindbergh publicly revealed his views about Jewish people, whom he faulted for pushing the U.S. toward war and for manipulating the narrative through what he saw as their control of the media. As “America First” became associated with those views—despite its protestations that it was not an anti-Semitic group and that it was looking out for the interests of American Jews—more moderate isolationists dropped out of the committee.
With fewer tactics left at its disposal, America First asked President Roosevelt to submit to Congress a declaration of war, for an up or down vote. The gambit never had a chance to pan out. The attack on Pearl Harbor of Dec. 7, 1941, removed the possibility of isolation. America was at war, like it or not. “The period of democratic debate on the issue of entering the war is over,” announced America First Committee chair Robert E. Wood. “[The committee] urges all those who have followed its lead to give their full support to the war effort of the nation, until peace is attained.”
The America First Committee was done for. The idea of putting America First, however, clearly lived on.
Write to Lily Rothman at lily.rothman@time.com.
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RTSSV – Road Trauma Support Services Victoria
Road Trauma Support Services Victoria
Vision, Purpose & Values
Counselling and Support
Road Trauma Awareness Seminars
Accelerated InSight Program
Businesses and community groups
Drive to Learn
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Corporate and community partners
In memorium – David Paul Kelly
Hello, my name is Rosemary Mahoney and I would like to share with you a bit of background as to where the money that I have donated, in memory of my only child, David Paul Kelly, came from.
Firstly though, I would like to tell you a little bit about my David.
David was born on the 21st of November, 1984 at 8.45pm and was the sunshine of my life. When he was very young, I knew he was a special boy and he grew up to be a very special man.
Even with his medical problems, David’s wonderful personality always shone through and he never ever complained.
He was very intelligent and had the best sense of humour. He made me laugh every single day of his short life. David was a very popular man and was loved and liked by all who knew him. As testament to that there were in excess of five hundred people at David’s funeral. I was blown away by how many lives my young son had touched.
David and I had a terrific relationship, and were very close. He used to say to me, “Mum, you’re like my best mate and I can tell you anything,” which I took as a compliment and that I had done a good job as a Mum.
It has been over a year now since David passed away. I miss him deeply and my heart will be broken forever.
Now to the background as promised.
David was born with congenital lympoedema, which affected various parts of his body (mainly his left arm and hand, the right side of his face) and a related condition called lymphangectasia, which is very rare and affected his bowel.
David spent the first seven years of his life in and out of hospital for various problems. We nearly lost David a couple of times. He was in the MICA ambulance over 50 times. I stopped counting after 50.
When David was nearly one year old, we were referred to a specialist for his lymphoedema. This specialist said to us that I am going to shoot straight from the hip, there is no cure and David will eventually have to have his arm amputated. You can imagine our shock.
We couldn’t believe that there was nothing that could be done, so I set about trying to find out as much as I could about David’s condition.
I was one of four founding members of a support group which we named the Lymphoedema Association of Victoria. We found out that there was a clinic in Germany that treated lymphoedema, which was so exciting for all of us.
Anyway, to cut this very long story a bit shorter, the Altona community, friends and family started the ‘David Paul Kelly Appeal’ to raise money to send David to Germany to have treatment. They were amazing and raised $60,000. This paid for David and me to go to Germany for 12 weeks of treatment. The money that was left after the trip was used to pay for David’s gloves that he had to wear 24 hours a day for the rest of his life.
The appeal committee obviously invested David’s appeal money wisely of which I am sure the Road Trauma Support Services Victoria is very appreciative.
I would like to say that I am very grateful to the Road Trauma Support Services Victoria for their existence.
At this point I would especially like to thank Lynne, because I am sure that I would not be where I am today if not for her. You have been my salvation. Thank you, Lynne.
A volunteer’s story – Karen Robinson
Warrnambool police officers donate award
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You’re invited to Shine a Light on Road Safety
Helping when someone you know has experienced road trauma
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Transport and Main Roads Specifications MRTS24 Manufacture of Precast Concrete Culverts
Original Title: MRTS24
Uploaded by renand
Description: MRTS24
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Box Culvert Design 2
Transport and Main Roads Specifications
MRTS24 Manufacture of Precast Concrete Culverts
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/
© State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) 2017
Feedback: Please send your feedback regarding this document to: tmr.techdocs@tmr.qld.gov.au
Transport and Main Roads Specifications, July 2017
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1
2 Definition of terms .........................................................................................................................1
3 Referenced documents .................................................................................................................2
4 Quality system requirements .......................................................................................................3
4.1 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones .................................................................................. 3
4.2 Conformance requirements ............................................................................................................ 4
4.3 Testing frequency ........................................................................................................................... 4
5 Culverts – types and dimensions.................................................................................................4
5.1 Types of culvert, link slabs and base slabs .................................................................................... 4
5.1.1 Link slab .........................................................................................................................4
5.1.2 Precast base slab ...........................................................................................................4
5.2 Sizes ............................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 Design waterway area .................................................................................................................... 5
6 Design requirements – general ....................................................................................................5
6.1 Structural design ............................................................................................................................. 5
6.2 Design life ....................................................................................................................................... 5
6.3 Exposure Classifications and cover to reinforcement..................................................................... 6
6.3.1 Exposure Classifications ................................................................................................6
6.3.2 Cover to reinforcement ...................................................................................................7
6.4 Provision for lifting .......................................................................................................................... 7
7 Design of small box culverts and link slabs by type testing ....................................................8
8 Design of large box culverts and link slabs, and precast base slabs by calculation.............9
8.1 Height of fill ..................................................................................................................................... 9
8.2 General design requirements ......................................................................................................... 9
8.3 Installation and fill height design requirements............................................................................. 10
8.4 Traffic and construction loading design requirements .................................................................. 10
8.5 Design for strength and detailing requirements ............................................................................ 11
8.6 Transport and handling design requirements ............................................................................... 11
8.7 Precast concrete base slabs......................................................................................................... 12
8.8 Design approval ............................................................................................................................ 12
8.8.1 Drawings ...................................................................................................................... 12
9 Conditions for manufacture of precast concrete culverts ..................................................... 13
9.1 Specification.................................................................................................................................. 13
9.2 Manufacture by registered suppliers ............................................................................................ 13
9.2.1 Registration status ....................................................................................................... 13
9.3 Manufacture of precast concrete culverts ..................................................................................... 14
9.3.1 Stock items .................................................................................................................. 14
9.4 Manufacturing procedure .............................................................................................................. 14
10 Materials ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Transport and Main Roads Specifications, July 2017 i
11 Modifications to MRTS71 Reinforcing Steel ............................................................................ 15
11.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 15
11.2 Cover ............................................................................................................................................ 15
11.3 Bar chairs ...................................................................................................................................... 15
11.4 Placing of reinforcement ............................................................................................................... 15
11.5 Substitution of reinforcement ........................................................................................................ 15
12 Cast-in items ............................................................................................................................... 16
13 Modifications to MRTS70 Concrete .......................................................................................... 16
13.2 Placing concrete ........................................................................................................................... 16
13.3 Concrete strength grade and additional concrete mix design requirements ................................ 16
13.3.1 Exposure Classifications B2 ........................................................................................ 16
13.3.2 Exposure Classifications C, C1 and C2 ...................................................................... 17
13.3.3 Determination of chloride content of hardened concrete ............................................ 17
13.4 Formwork ...................................................................................................................................... 18
13.5 Fillets and chamfers ...................................................................................................................... 18
13.6 Installation of lifting devices .......................................................................................................... 18
13.7 Removal of formwork .................................................................................................................... 18
13.8 Curing ........................................................................................................................................... 19
13.8.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 19
13.8.2 Water or membrane curing .......................................................................................... 19
13.8.3 Steam curing ............................................................................................................... 19
13.9 Finish ............................................................................................................................................ 19
13.9.1 Surface condition ......................................................................................................... 19
13.9.2 Cracks, dents and bulges ............................................................................................ 19
13.9.3 Air holes ....................................................................................................................... 20
13.10 Tolerances ............................................................................................................................. 20
13.10.1 Straightness ................................................................................................................. 20
13.10.2 Ends ............................................................................................................................ 20
13.10.3 Verticality ..................................................................................................................... 20
13.10.4 Fillets ........................................................................................................................... 20
14 Handling, storage, and transportation ..................................................................................... 20
14.1 Marking ......................................................................................................................................... 20
14.2 Handling ........................................................................................................................................ 21
14.3 Transportation ............................................................................................................................... 21
14.4 Storage ......................................................................................................................................... 21
15 Acceptance .................................................................................................................................. 21
15.2 Routine testing .............................................................................................................................. 22
15.2.1 Proof load testing......................................................................................................... 22
15.2.2 Ultimate load testing .................................................................................................... 23
15.3 Information to be supplied at delivery ........................................................................................... 23
16 Installation ................................................................................................................................... 23
Transport and Main Roads Specifications, July 2017 ii
Technical Specification, MRTS24 Manufacture of Precast Concrete Culverts
This Technical Specification applies to the manufacture of small and large precast reinforced concrete
rectangular box culverts and other associated culvert components for the conveyance of stormwater,
which does not place the culvert under internal pressure.
Culverts beyond 4200 mm in height or span are not within the scope of this Technical Specification.
Culverts classified as Railway load class by AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2 are not within the scope of this
Technical Specification.
This Technical Specification shall be read in conjunction with MRTS01 Introduction to Technical
Specifications, MRTS50 Specific Quality System Requirements and other Technical Specifications as
This Technical Specification forms part of the Transport and Main Roads Specifications Manual.
The requirements for the manufacture of precast concrete culverts and other associated culvert
components include the use of suppliers and products for the items listed in Table 1 that are either
registered or approved by the department.
Table 1 – Items requiring use of registered suppliers and approved products
Clause Category of Work
6.4 Cementitious Repair Grout
9.3 Precast Concrete Manufacturer
12 Proprietary Cast-in Items
For information regarding registered suppliers and approved products, refer to the departmental
website www.tmr.qld.gov.au.
2 Definition of terms
The terms used in this Technical Specification shall be as defined in Clause 2.1 of
MRTS01 Introduction to Technical Specifications.
In addition, terms listed in Table 2 are applicable to this Technical Specification.
Table 2 – Definition of terms
Term Definition
Applied Load per Anchor The dead weight of the precast concrete culvert multiplied by the sling
angle factor and the dynamic factor and divided by the number of
effective lifting points used in the lift.
Culvert Component Culvert, link slab, or precast base slab.
Day Calendar day.
Designer Registered Professional Engineer Queensland (RPEQ) responsible for
the design of the precast concrete culvert component.
Design Approval Certificate issued by the Director (Bridge and Marine Engineering)
Certificate stating that the design of the culvert is in accordance with this
Dynamic Factor A multiplying factor to account for dynamic effects during lifting.
Transport and Main Roads Specifications, July 2017 1
Factor of Safety The ultimate capacity (lower characteristic strength) of the lifting
anchor divided by the applied load per anchor.
fsy Yield strength of reinforcing steel, as per AS 5100.5
Height As per AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2.
Large Box Culvert Rectangular culvert exceeding 1200 mm span, or 1200 mm height,
with span and height less than or equal to 4200 mm as per AS 1597.2.
Length Size of culvert in the direction of water flow.
Lifting Anchor A cast in, bolted on or otherwise attached device anchored to the
precast culvert component at the lifting point, which is provided
exclusively for lifting the precast concrete culvert.
Lifting Attachment Lifting device used to attach a lifting anchor to the hoisting equipment.
Lifting Point The designed location of a lifting device to be used for lifting a precast
concrete culvert.
Link Slab A single slab supported by adjacent culverts or structures.
Precast Base Slab Precast concrete slab used for the base of the culverts.
Rigging Diagram Diagram showing the method for attaching hoisting equipment to the
precast concrete culvert, the required sling angles and load sharing
Small Box Culvert Culverts with maximum 1200 mm span and maximum 1200 mm height
as per AS 1597.1.
Span As per AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2
Sling Angle Factor The factor by which the tension in a sling increases according to the
included angle between the slings.
Super workable Concrete Concrete that is able to flow and consolidate under its own weight,
(SWC) completely filling the formwork or bore hole even in the presence of
dense reinforcement while maintaining homogeneity and generally
without the need for additional compaction.
Working Load Limit The maximum load which may be applied to a lifting anchor, device or
attachment.
3 Referenced documents
Table 3 lists documents referenced in this Technical Specification.
Table 3 – Referenced documents
Reference Title
Methods of testing concrete method 20: Determination of chloride and
AS 1012.20 (1992)
sulfate in hardened concrete and concrete aggregates
AS 1379 (2007) Specification and supply of concrete
AS 1597.1 (2010) Precast reinforced concrete box culverts: Part 1 Small box culverts
AS 1597.2 (2013) Precast reinforced concrete box culverts: Part 2 Large box culverts
AS 3600 (2009) Concrete structures
AS/NZS 4680 (2006) Hot dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles
AS 5100.2 (2004) Bridge design Part 2 Design loads
AS 5100.5 (2004) Bridge design Part 5 Concrete
AS/NZS ISO 9001 (2008) Quality management system requirements
- Design Criteria for Bridges and Other Structures
MRTS01 Introduction to Technical Specifications
MRTS03 Drainage, Retaining Structures and Protective Treatments
MRTS04 General Earthworks
MRTS50 Specific Quality System Requirements
MRTS70 Concrete
MRTS71 Reinforcing Steel
MRTS71A Stainless Steel Reinforcing
MRTS78 Fabrication of Structural Stainless Steelwork
Procedures Manual: Register of Approved Suppliers of Precast
SMP PC01
Concrete Products (or superseding document)
4 Quality system requirements
4.1 Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones
General requirements for Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones are specified in Clause 5.2 of
The Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones applicable to this Technical Specification are
summarised in Table 4.1.
Milestones are defined in terms of calendar days.
Table 4.1 – Hold Points, Witness Points and Milestones
Clause Hold Point Witness Point Milestone
5.1.2 1. Approval to use precast Submission of details for
base slabs precast base slabs (21 days)
5.3 2. Approval of alternative Submission of alternative
dimensions dimensions (21 days)
8.8 3. Design approval Submission of design
information (14 days)
9.3 4. Approval of manufacture Submission of information
of precast concrete (seven days)
culvert components
9.4 5. Approval of a new Submission of details of
manufacturing procedure process of manufacture
11.5 Substitution of reinforcement
(seven days)
13.2 1. Placement of concrete
15.1 2. Inspection of products
15.3 6. Acceptance of culverts
4.2 Conformance requirements
The conformance requirements which apply to culvert components covered by this Technical
Specification are summarised in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 – Conformance requirements
Clause Item
13 MRTS70 Concrete
13.10 Tolerances
15 Acceptance
4.3 Testing frequency
The minimum testing frequencies for work covered by this Technical Specification are described in
Clause 15 and MRTS70. Culverts are accepted or rejected on an individual basis.
5 Culverts – types and dimensions
5.1 Types of culvert, link slabs and base slabs
Culverts shall consist of:
a) a monolithic inverted U shaped section forming the deck slab and the two walls and a
separate base slab
b) an inverted U shaped section forming the deck and two walls separated from the adjacent
section by a link slab
c) an integral hollow rectangle section forming the top slab, the two walls and the base slab.
5.1.1 Link slab
Link slabs shall be simply supported on mortar seatings on the top of the culverts. Four bar anchors
per 1.2 m long slab section shall be provided to locate the assembly. The bar anchors shall pass
through holes in the link slab and be grouted into holes provided in the legs of the culvert crowns. For
Exposure Classification C2 (see Clause 6.3), these bars shall be stainless steel to MRTS71A. For all
other Exposure Classifications, these bars shall be carbon steel to MRTS71 and hot-dipped
galvanised to the requirements of AS/NZS 4680.
5.1.2 Precast base slab
Precast concrete base slabs shall not be substituted for cast in situ base slabs unless otherwise
approved by the Administrator.
If the Contractor wishes to use precast concrete base slabs, then the Contractor shall submit a
proposal including all design (refer Clause 8.7) and installation details to the Administrator, not less
than 21 days before manufacture of the culvert components is due to commence. Milestone
Manufacture shall not commence until written approval is given by the Administrator. Hold Point 1
The practicality of manufacturing transporting and installation of larger slabs should be considered.
5.2 Sizes
The standard dimensions of box culverts components covered by this Technical Specification are as
per AS 1597.1 Clause 2.8 and AS 1597.2 Clause 2.8, unless specified otherwise in the Contract
Non standard sizes may be available upon request from the manufacturer this should be confirmed
before finalising requirements. Availability of culverts components with a span of 450 mm or less
should also be confirmed.
5.3 Design waterway area
The effective internal dimensions and total cross section of the waterway area in the culvert shall not
be less than 95% of the nominal internal dimensions specified on the Drawings for all culverts. Where
this requirement is not met, alternative dimensions may be submitted to the Administrator for approval.
Drawings or tabulations showing the alternative dimensions shall be submitted not less than 21 days
before supply of culverts is due to commence. Milestone No culverts of alternative dimensions shall
be supplied until written approval is granted by the Administrator. Hold Point 2
The internal dimensions and effective cross sectional area of the waterway determines the
hydraulic performance of the culverts. Consideration of alternative smaller effective cross sectional
area of the waterway for culverts will need to take into consideration the reduction in hydraulic
performance and is to be referred to the Designer. Compatibility with existing infrastructure and
other services may also need to be considered.
6 Design requirements – general
The design of precast concrete culvert components shall comply with the following requirements and
shall apply to small and large box culverts.
6.1 Structural design
Structural design of precast concrete culvert components shall be in accordance with the following
a) small box culverts and link slabs in accordance with Clause 7 by type testing (maximum height
of fill being 2 m)
b) small box culvert with height of fill above 2 m in accordance with Clause 8 by design
c) large box culverts and link slabs in accordance with Clause 8 by design calculations
d) where permitted (refer Clause 5.1.2), precast concrete base slabs shall be designed in
accordance with Clause 8.7.
6.2 Design life
The design life of all precast concrete box culvert components shall be 100 years.
This means that 95% of the culvert components shall remain in a serviceable condition with
negligible maintenance for 100 years.
6.3 Exposure Classifications and cover to reinforcement
6.3.1 Exposure Classifications
The minimum Exposure Classification for all precast concrete culvert components shall be B2 in
accordance with AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2. Exposure Classifications shall be in accordance with
AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2, with the exception of the following environments:
a) brackish, saltwater and marine applications in accordance with Table 6.3.1(a)
b) potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and acid sulphate soil (ASS) environments in accordance
with Table 6.3.1(b).
Table 6.3.1(a) – Concrete Exposure Classifications for precast culvert components in brackish,
saltwater and marine applications
Chloride content of Exposure
water Classification
Brackish water permanently submerged or zones
2000 ppm to 8000 ppm B2
subject to repeated wetting or drying
Permanently submerged in marine or saltwater Above 8000 ppm C
Spray zones in marine or saltwater Above 8000 ppm C
Tidal splash zones or zones subject to repeated wetting
Above 8000 ppm C2
and drying in marine or saltwater
1. tidal splash zone is the zone 1.0 m below lowest astronomical tide (LAT) to 1.0 m above highest astronomical
tide (HAT)
2. spray zone is the zone from 1.0 m above HAT where the structure is exposed permanently to salt spray or built
over the sea
3. culverts which are in occasional contact (more than six times per year) with saltwater shall be Exposure
Classification C.
Table 6.3.1(b) – Concrete Exposure Classifications for precast culvert elements in PASS/ASS
SO4 in Acidity (pH) of groundwater
(mg/l or ppm) < 3.5 ≥ 3.5 to < 4.5 ≥ 4.5 to < 5.5 ≥ 5.5
< 1500 C2 C1 C B2
≥ 1500 to < 3000 C2 C1 C B2
≥ 6000 C2 C2 C2 C
1. full isolation of the concrete surface exposed to the environment by either protective coating, membrane or use
of controlled backfill is also required for Exposure Classification C2.
Additional information is provided in this section as AS 5100.5, AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2 do not
adequately address Exposure Classifications for aggressive environments, including salt water
environments, acid sulphate soils (ASS) and potential acid sulphate soils (PASS).
Exposure Classifications C1 and C2 are used in anticipation of a revised AS 5100.5.
6.3.2 Cover to reinforcement
Cover to reinforcement shall be as defined in AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2 with the following exceptions:
a) Exposure Classification C2 as defined in Tables 6.3.1(a) or 6.3.1(b) – 70 mm with rigid forms
and intense vibration
b) Exposure Classifications C and C1 as per Exposure Classification C in AS 1597.1 and
AS 1597.2 with rigid forms and intense vibration.
In the case where super workable concrete is used, intense vibration is not mandatory.
Tolerances for cover are given in Clause 11.2.
6.4 Provision for lifting
Each precast concrete culvert component shall be provided with approved lifting points and these
lifting points shall be shown on the Drawing. Approved lifting points shall comply with the following:
a) The Designer shall be responsible for certification of the lifting points. A rigging diagram shall
be shown on the Drawing. The rigging diagram shall include details of the required load
sharing to equalise loads between lifting points and the included angle between the slings.
b) The minimum factor of safety for the design of the lifting points for both lifting anchor and
concrete pull out capacity shall be 4.0.
c) The minimum allowance for dynamic effects (dynamic factor) shall be 1.5. Higher values shall
be used in the following cases:
i. lifting with a crawler crane travelling on an even surface with the load suspended (1.7)
ii. lifting with a rubber tyred mobile crane either stationary or travelling on an even
surface with the load suspended (2.0)
iii. lifting while travelling over very rough ground with the load suspended (5.0).
d) Cast in lifting anchors shall comply with Clause 12 and shall fail in a ductile manner as
evidenced by visible distortion prior to failure.
e) If holes are provided instead of cast in lifting anchors, the manufacturer shall supply tight fitting
concrete or plastic plugs with each consignment to seal the holes. Alternatively, the holes can
be filled with an approved cementitious repair grout (refer Clause 1).
f) Cover to reinforcement at the lifting anchor recess is required and shall be maintained in
accordance with this Technical Specification.
g) Cover to the lifting anchor is not required, provided any recess is filled with an approved
cementitious repair grout, and:
i. stainless steel lifting anchors are used for Exposure Classification C2
ii. lifting anchors are hot dip galvanised to AS/NZS 4680 for all other Exposure
Classifications.
h) All lifting anchors shall be permanently marked or tagged by the manufacturer with the
working load limit, which shall be clearly visible when installed and in use.
i) The number of lifting points and the location of these points shall be designed to provide
stability at all stages of lifting, handling and installation, including the requirement to place the
product at the required level during installation.
j) With the exception of small box culvert components with a mass less than 300 kg, a minimum
of four lifting points shall be provided, and no product shall be lifted with less than two points.
Lifting of culvert components shall be in accordance with the rigging diagram.
k) Lifting anchors which are damaged shall not be used without inspection and certification by a
Registered Professional Engineer of Queensland (RPEQ).
In addition to the requirements of MRTS24, the following should also be considered:
a) Details of any temporary bracing or support requirements during transport or erection
should also be detailed by the Designer.
b) For some products a generic lifting design may cover a range of variations to a product
where there are only small variations in design such as minor changes which decrease
product mass or inclusion of additional ferrules or cast in items.
c) For design purposes, it should be assumed that products are lifted 20 times.
d) It should also be noted that the Working Load Limit shown on the lifting anchor may not
correspond to a Factor of Safety of 4.0 as required by MRTS24. The manufacturer’s
specifications and the certified lifting design should always be consulted before installation
of lifting anchors.
e) Even surface is defined as a paved or prepared surface suitable for regular traverse of
cranes or other heavy equipment.
f) Very rough ground is defined as ground conditions typical of a construction site or off road
7 Design of small box culverts and link slabs by type testing
Design of box culverts by type testing is limited to small box culverts and link slabs, with a maximum
height of fill of 2 m (refer to AS 1597.1 Clause 1.2).
Design of precast concrete small box culverts, and associated link slabs, will be accepted subject to
testing of 1.2 m long units (in accordance with Appendix G of AS 1597.1), demonstrating compliance
with Clause 3.3 of AS 1597.1 and the following requirements:
a) for culverts with a cover to reinforcement greater than 50 mm, the crack widths shall be as for
culverts with 50 mm cover
b) for ultimate load testing the co efficient of variation of the five recorded results shall not be
greater than 0.15
c) testing of units shall occur at 28 days from the date of manufacture
d) manufacture of the test units shall be in accordance with this Technical Specification, including
e) for small culvert units with a nominal length of 2.4 m the design shall have the same concrete
thickness and distribution of reinforcement as a 1.2 m long unit.
The testing shall be witnessed and the results certified and reported by an RPEQ Engineer.
Changes to the maximum nominal aggregate size in the concrete mix shall require re-testing.
Routine load testing of small box culverts and associated link slabs shall be in accordance with
Clause 15.2.
8 Design of large box culverts and link slabs, and precast base slabs by calculation
Large precast concrete box culverts, associated link slabs, all precast base slabs and small box
culverts with a height of fill above 2 m shall be designed in accordance with AS 1597.2 and the
following additional requirements.
8.1 Height of fill
Precast concrete culvert components shall be designed for the worst combination of loads for the
corresponding load cases for fill heights from zero to the maximum fill height stated in the Annexure to
MRTS03. For fill heights of less than two metres, precast concrete box culvert components shall be
designed for the worst combination of loads for corresponding load cases for fill heights from zero to
two metres.
8.2 General design requirements
General design requirements for large box culverts and link slabs shall be as follows:
a) Load testing to design or verify the design of large box culverts or link slabs is not permitted.
b) Culverts shall be designed to act in all of the following cases, as illustrated in Figure 3.1 of
AS 1597.2:
i. single cell units designed for vertical and horizontal load effects on both legs
ii. multi cell units placed side by side or in a link slab arrangement with the interior units
designed for vertical load effects only and the exterior units designed for vertical load
effects and the horizontal load effects as applicable on one leg only.
a) Culverts shall be designed as portal frame structures pinned at the base, with horizontal
movement prevented at the base of the culvert leg.
b) Skewed culvert units and skewed link slabs are not accepted.
c) Side sway shall be considered for culvert units on a skewed alignment where the culvert has
less than 0.5 m of support (1.2 m long units) from an adjacent culvert unit. Similarly, for 2.4 m
long culvert units with less than be 1 m of support are to be designed for side sway. For all
other conditions, side sway may be considered prevented, provided the culverts are installed
in accordance with AS 1597.2 Section 5.
d) Link slabs shall be designed as a simply supported slab with the effective span being the clear
span plus the thickness of the link slab.
e) Design of 2.4 m long culvert units shall be as for a 1.2 m long culvert unit with the
reinforcement being the appropriate multiple of the 1.2 m long culvert design.
8.3 Installation and fill height design requirements
a) Culverts shall be designed to be installed either in the embankment installation or trench
installation condition.
b) Culverts shall be designed for a range of fills from zero to the maximum design fill height as
defined in Clause 8.1.
It is expected that the embankment installation case will be the most critical.
8.4 Traffic and construction loading design requirements
a) The following traffic load cases, defined as per AS 1597.2, shall be considered:
i. W80 wheel loading and A160 axle loading
ii. single lane of the M1600 loading
iii. two lanes of the M1600 loading with reduction for multiple lanes in accordance with
A 5100.2
iv. HLP400.
Wheel contact lengths for all loadings shall be as defined in AS 5100.2 Clause 6.
b) Dynamic load allowance shall be in accordance with AS 1597.2.
c) Braking loads are not required to be considered.
d) Fatigue loading shall be considered in accordance with AS 5100.2 and AS 1597.2 for culverts
with less than 1.0 m of fill on principal interstate and intrastate freeways and highways.
e) Additional construction vehicle loadings shall be as specified in Annexure MRTS24.1 or as
nominated by the Contractor. The dynamic load allowance for these construction vehicle
loadings shall be 0.4 as per AS 1597.2.
The distribution of road and construction traffic wheel loadings through fill shall be in accordance with
AS 5100.2.
Wheel contact lengths are defined in accordance with AS 5100 rather than AS 1597.2 to be consistent
with all other departmental infrastructure.
Fatigue loading requirements are consistent with AS 1597.2 Clause 3.3.5.6.
Distribution of traffic wheel loadings through fill are as defined in accordance with AS 5100 rather than
AS 1597.2 to be consistent with all other departmental infrastructure. Note also that this is a permitted
option in AS 1597.2.
Transport and Main Roads Specifications, July 2017 10
8.5 Design for strength and detailing requirements
a) Structural design shall be based on a maximum concrete strength of 50 MPa.
b) Density of concrete shall be assumed to be 2500 kg/m³.
c) Consideration of the effect of reinforcement ductility class on capacity reduction factors shall
be in accordance with AS 3600.
d) For design due to bending moment, the effect of the W80 wheel loading located at the edge of
the culvert or link slab shall be considered. The effective width shall be determined in
accordance with Clause 9.6(b) of AS 5100.5.
e) The shear capacity of recessed link slabs shall be calculated a distance ‘d’ (where ‘d’ is the
effective depth of the recessed section) from the face of the support using ‘d’ in calculating the
shear capacity.
f) Calculation of shear strength shall be in accordance with AS 3600 Clause 8.2.7. The critical
shear section shall be taken as shown in Figure 3.2 of AS 1597.2, with the load positioned in
such a way that the maximum shear is produced at the critical sections.
g) The minimum flexural reinforcement shall be in accordance with AS 1597.2 Clause 3.7.2.
h) Minimum transverse distribution reinforcement in the bottom face of the crown of culverts and
of link slabs shall be the greater of 25% of the main bending reinforcement and 333 mm²/m
with a bar spacing not exceeding 300 mm. This requirement shall also apply to precast
concrete base slabs (refer Clause 5.1.2).
The requirements of this sub clause are necessitated by uncertainty as to whether culverts are
installed across or along the road.
i) Shrinkage reinforcement shall be a minimum of 150 mm²/m, with a maximum bar spacing of
j) Anchorage of positive moment reinforcement to be in accordance with Clause 8.1.8.3(c) of
k) The location of maximum negative moment is in accordance with Clause 7.2.10(a) of
l) Reinforcement shall be positioned on all faces of the culvert at cover for large box culverts.
Reinforcing may be placed centrally in small box culverts. Haunches must be reinforced.
m) Minimum clear bar spacing for:
i. rigid formwork and intense vibration shall be in accordance with AS 5100.5
Clause 8.1.7.2(i) and (ii)
ii. standard formwork and compaction shall be in accordance with AS 5100.5
Clause 8.1.7.2(i), (ii) and (iv).
Bar spacing shall be such to ensure concrete can be properly placed and compacted.
8.6 Transport and handling design requirements
a) In addition to the self weight, all culverts and link slabs shall be designed for a vertical
dynamic load of 50% of the weight of the culvert or link slab at any stage of the lifting
b) All culvert units shall be designed to be transported either legs down, legs up, or on edge, with
this noted on the Drawings.
c) Culverts and link slabs shall be designed to resist handling loads without producing a stress in
the reinforcement in excess of 0.6 fsy.
Where transport modes are limited by design, this should be indicated on the product.
Design of lifting points is covered in Clause 6.4.
8.7 Precast concrete base slabs
In addition to the requirements of Clauses 8.1 to 8.6, precast culvert bases shall be designed such
a) for in service loads, the ultimate capacity of the precast base slab shall be at least equal to, or
greater than, the structural capacity of the cast in situ slab Standard Drawings
b) for handling and transporting loads, the self weight of the slab with a dynamic load allowance
equivalent to 50% of the self weight is supported during handling of the slabs and the steel
stress in the reinforcing shall be less than 0.6 fsy
c) joints between precast concrete culvert base slabs shall be designed to be filled with insitu
concrete and be reinforced such that the joint is capable of resisting:
i. 25% of the main bending capacity of the slab in the water flow direction, and
ii. 100% of the main bending capacity of the slab in the span direction.
The joint shall also be designed to be durable with a design life of 100 years.
d) the length or width of the precast base slab shall not be more than 3.6 m.
8.8 Design approval
Manufacture of precast base slabs and large box culvert components shall not commence until a
Design Approval Certificate has been issued. Hold Point 3
Submission of precast culvert component designs for approval shall be provided to the Director
(Bridge and Marine Engineering) at the following address no later than 14 days (two weeks) before the
proposed date of manufacture. Milestone
Email: Culvert.Approvals@tmr.qld.gov.au
Director (Bridge and Marine Engineering)
Bridge and Marine Engineering (BAME)
Department of Transport and Main Roads
8.8.1 Drawings
Drawings for culvert components shall contain the following information as a minimum:
a) concrete strength and aggregate size
b) Exposure Classification and cover to reinforcement in accordance with Clause 6.3
c) fill height – zero and maximum height of fill
d) grade of reinforcing steel and steel schedule
e) number and nominal spacing of reinforcing bars and details of other reinforcement
f) tolerances on dimensions, cover and steel reinforcement
g) design of standard culverts for Transport and Main Roads projects must conform to MRTS24,
MRTS70 and MRTS71
h) design loads in accordance with Clause 8.4 of this Technical Specification
i) formwork and compaction type (for example, rigid formwork and intense vibration)
j) lifting details, including all details as defined in Clause 6.4 of this Technical Specification
k) dimensions of haunch
l) calculated mass of individual units
m) unique Drawing identification (for example, plan number and revision number).
All Drawings are to be certified by an RPEQ Engineer.
9 Conditions for manufacture of precast concrete culverts
9.1 Specification
All precast concrete culvert components shall be manufactured in accordance with the details shown
on the Drawings and in accordance with this Technical Specification.
9.2 Manufacture by registered suppliers
Precast concrete culvert components shall be manufactured only by a Registered Supplier. The
requirements for registration are outlined in SMP PC01. For a copy of this document, refer to contact
details in Clause 1 of this Technical Specification.
To be eligible for registration as a Registered Supplier, a manufacturer shall:
a) operate a quality management system certified to a minimum of AS/NZS ISO 9001 –
certification shall be by a JAS ANZ accredited certifier
b) establish procedures for manufacture of precast concrete culvert components, and
c) have an inspection and test plan, including Hold Points acceptable to the department for
manufacturing precast concrete culvert components which demonstrates compliance with this
Technical Specification. The inspection and test plan shall address supply of materials.
Registration as a Registered Supplier of precast concrete culvert components shall be reviewed by the
department at intervals varying from six months to three years, depending on registration level or
earlier if unsatisfactory performance is noted.
9.2.1 Registration status
Information regarding registration status can be obtained from the department. Refer to Clause 1.
9.3 Manufacture of precast concrete culverts
At least seven days before manufacture is due to commence, the Contractor shall provide to the
Administrator the following information: Milestone
a) copy of the precast concrete culvert component's Design Approval Certificate and Drawings
(refer Clause 8.8)
b) the calculated mass of the culvert components
c) the identity and address of the proposed supplier
d) an outline of the procedure of manufacture, Quality Plan and casting program.
Manufacture of precast concrete culvert components shall not commence until approval has been
granted by the Administrator. Hold Point 4
Where drawings for culverts have been previously approved by the department, evidenced by a
copy of the precast culvert component Design Approval Certificate in accordance with Clause 8.8 of
this Technical Specification, reinforcement details do not need to be included on the Drawings for
submission under this item. However Drawings indicating reinforcement details must be available at
the place of manufacture for inspection purposes.
9.3.1 Stock items
Where small box culvert components have been manufactured in accordance with this Technical
Specification, and to a design which has a precast concrete culvert component Design Approval
Certificate, small box culvert components which have been already been manufactured by a
Registered Supplier may be accepted at the sole discretion of the Administrator subject to:
a) submission and approval of full production records and all other information in accordance
with this Technical Specification, demonstrating that the product is compliant with this
Technical Specification prior to the product being delivered to site, and
b) inspection of the product before delivery to site in accordance with the requirements of
Clause 15 of this Technical Specification.
9.4 Manufacturing procedure
Procedures for manufacturing precast concrete culverts must be included in the supplier's registration
(refer Clause 5.2). Proposed new or innovated procedures must be submitted for inclusion in
registration scope not less than 28 days prior to establishment of the process. Significant changes to
procedures must be likewise submitted. Milestone
Manufacture shall not occur until approval and registration of the new procedure has been granted.
Hold Point 5
Where innovative manufacturing processes are proposed, it should be noted that the department
has a strategy document on engineering innovation which can be found on the department's
With respect to intellectual property, the department has and always will respect manufacturers’
intellectual property. However, it is considered necessary for all details of products and processes
purchased by the department to be provided. These details shall not be provided to any third party.
Note that any confidentiality document or formal agreement required may need to be negotiated
between the department’s Legal Services and the manufacturer.
Dry casting is considered an innovative procedure.
10 Materials
Steel reinforcing shall comply with the requirements of MRTS71, except as amended by this Technical
Specification (refer Clause 11).
Cast in items shall comply with Clause 12 of this Technical Specification.
Concrete shall comply with the requirements of MRTS70, except as amended by this Technical
11 Modifications to MRTS71 Reinforcing Steel
11.1 General
Notwithstanding any requirements to the contrary in MRTS71 Reinforcing Steel, Clauses 11.2 to 11.5
shall apply to the manufacture of precast concrete culvert components.
11.2 Cover
The tolerance for cover to steel reinforcing in all elements shall be -5 mm, +10 mm.
Note: that excessive cover on one face may cause insufficient cover on the other – see also
Clause 8.5 (m).
11.3 Bar chairs
Bar chairs and spacers between the formwork and reinforcement shall comply with MRTS70. Steel
spacers can be used for internal spacing of individual reinforcing mats where the spacer does not
intrude on the cover zone in any way.
11.4 Placing of reinforcement
The placing of the reinforcement shall be such as not to interfere with the location of lifting holes, lifting
anchors, dowel bars or any other cast in items. The reinforcement may be displaced locally to obtain
the required cover. Cutting or omission of reinforcement is not permitted.
Substitution of reinforcement in large box culverts shall not be made without the approval of the
department. Application for such approval shall be made at least seven days prior to the date on which
the reinforcement is required to be placed. Milestone No additional payment will be made on account
of any approved substitution.
Class L reinforcement shall not be substituted for Class N reinforcement unless the culvert, link or
base slab has been specifically designed with Class L reinforcement.
12 Cast-in items
Cast in items including, but not limited to, ferrules, formwork anchors, lifting devices, cast in bolts,
anchor points, lintels, and drainage grate surrounds shall be either:
a) fabricated by an approved steel fabricator in accordance with MRTS78, or
b) proprietary items as specified in the Drawings or approved equivalent. Proprietary cast in
items shall be an approved product (refer to Clause 1).
13 Modifications to MRTS70 Concrete
In addition to the requirements of MRTS70, Clauses 13.2 to 13.10 shall apply to the manufacture of
precast concrete culvert components.
13.2 Placing concrete
Placing of concrete shall be a mandatory Hold Point in the manufacturer’s Quality Management
System. The manufacturer shall also advise the Administrator of the intention to place concrete.
Witness Point 1 For small box culverts, refer to alternative requirements in Clause 5.4.
13.3 Concrete strength grade and additional concrete mix design requirements
The nominal specified maximum aggregate size shall be 20 mm unless shown otherwise on the
Drawings.
MRTS24 requires that ‘The nominal specified maximum aggregate size shall be 20 mm unless
shown otherwise on the Drawings’. Changing to smaller maximum aggregate size concrete mixes
is not permitted unless approved by the Designer. There has been some history with increased
shrinkage and cracking of product with 10 mm maximum aggregate mixes, particularly in larger
products. Smaller aggregate sizes also lead to lower concrete shear strengths.
Note that for small box culverts changes to aggregate size require the culverts to be retested –
refer Clause 7.
13.3.1 Exposure Classifications B2
For Exposure Classification B2 to AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2, the following requirements are in
addition to MRTS70:
a) minimum strength grade to be 40 MPa
b) cementitious material to be a blend compliant with the following criteria, with the combined
total adding to 100% – blend tolerances to be as per AS 1379:
i. 65% to 75% GP cement, 25% to 35% fly ash
ii. 50% to 55% GP cement, 20% to 25% ground granulated blast furnace slag and 25%
to 30% fly ash, or
iii. 65% to 71% GP cement, 4% to 8% amorphous silica, and 25% to 31% fly ash, and
c) maximum chloride ion content of hardened concrete to be 0.80 kg/m³.
13.3.2 Exposure Classifications C, C1 and C2
For Exposure Classifications C, C1, C2 to AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2 or this Technical Specification,
the following requirements are in addition to MRTS70:
i. 50% to 55% GP cement, 20% to 25% ground granulated blast furnace slag and 25%
ii. 65% to 71% GP cement, 4% to 8% amorphous silica and 25% to 31% fly ash
c) maximum chloride ion content of hardened concrete to be 0.40 kg/m³
d) for Exposure Classifications C1 and C2, minimum total cementitious content to be 500 kg/m³
and maximum water cementitious ratio to be 0.4.
There is a strong evidence to demonstrate that concrete mixes containing a ternary blend of
cementitious materials provide significantly enhanced durability. This is particularly critical in
aggressive environments. Use of supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash and
ground granulated blast furnace slag, also significantly decreases the environmental impacts
associated with cement production and also controls Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR).
Under no circumstances in any environment will the use of only GP cement be considered due to
the risk of ASR. Thus, a blended cement is specified in all applications.
The minimum cementitious content for Exposure Classification C mixes is 450 kg/m³ as per
MRTS70.
13.3.3 Determination of chloride content of hardened concrete
The following method shall be used to determine the chloride ion content by testing ground samples of
hardened concrete in accordance with AS 1012.20.
Take the samples from a minimum 1.2 kg portion of the hardened concrete. Crush and grind the
1.2 kg of hardened concrete to a maximum size of 150 microns, and then oven dry at 110ºC ± 5 ºC for
a minimum of one hour before taking the samples for analysis.
Analyse five randomly selected samples of 20 ± 0.1 grams of the ground concrete for chloride ion
Use the Volhard titration method calibrated against a concrete with known chloride content for the
tests. Modify the procedure of AS 1012.20 and use standard solutions for the analysis that bracket the
expected chloride ion concentration. Alternatively, use the AS 1012.20 XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence)
Method in accordance with AS 1012.20.
Report the following:
a) chloride ion content of each of the five samples
b) the average chloride content
c) standard deviation of the five samples.
The average mass of acid soluble chloride ion per unit volume of hardened concrete as placed must
not exceed the values given in Clause 13.3.1(c) or 13.3.2(c) as appropriate.
Tests are to be undertaken by a National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accredited
laboratory, and be submitted with the mix design. Test is to be repeated annually.
13.4 Formwork
Culverts shall be cast legs down or on end.
Unless specified otherwise on the Drawings, the joints between adjacent culverts shall be plain butt
joints.
Formwork shall be constructed from metal; timber forms are not acceptable. Where rigid forms and
intense vibration is specified, external formwork vibrators shall be used. Where a hole or void in the
concrete is shown on the Drawings, the formwork or void former shall be removed after casting.
Permanent hole formers are not accepted unless shown on the Drawing.
13.5 Fillets and chamfers
Internal corners and external edges of all precast concrete culverts shall be finished with curved or
straight fillets appropriate to the application.
Specified cover also includes cover to fillets and chamfers.
13.6 Installation of lifting devices
Lifting anchors shall be fixed securely in place before placement and compaction of concrete.
Puddling in of lifting anchors into wet concrete is not permitted. Regarding cover to anchors see
Clause 6.4.
13.7 Removal of formwork
Formwork shall not be removed from the concrete, nor the product lifted until the concrete has
attained a strength not less than 40% of the concrete's specified 28 day strength. Curing in
accordance with Clause 13.8 of this Technical Specification shall continue as soon as practical, but no
later than one hour after removal of formwork.
Where a minimum concrete lifting strength is shown on the Drawings which is higher than these
requirements, the Drawing requirements shall apply.
13.8 Curing
13.8.1 General
Curing shall conform to the requirements listed in Clause 13.8.2 and 13.8.3. Combinations of curing
methods are permitted.
Combinations of curing may involve steam curing until at least the specified concrete strength for
removal of formwork and lifting of the product has been achieved followed by water or membrane
curing. This allows maximum utilisation of formwork in precast applications. The requirements of
this Technical Specification must be followed in the transition between steam, and water or
membrane curing. Care must be taken to avoid damage or cracking to the product due to thermal
shock and to ensure that the product has cooled before application of a curing compound if this
curing method is used.
13.8.2 Water or membrane curing
Curing shall continue until seven days has elapsed. Acceptable curing methods are described in
13.8.3 Steam curing
Steam curing processes shall be as per MRTS70. Curing shall be deemed to be complete if a
minimum of 420ºC hours in the enclosure has been achieved.
Where concrete is steam cured for a lesser time than these curing requirements the concrete shall be
kept covered and saturated until the concrete surface cools to not more than 20 ºC above ambient
temperature and alternative curing is commenced to achieve the standard curing requirements defined
in Clause 13.8.2 of this Technical Specification.
13.9 Finish
13.9.1 Surface condition
The concrete shall be dense, hard and substantially free from chipped edges, fins, protrusions and
surface roughness.
Elements shall not be coated with cement wash or any other preparation not specified or otherwise
13.9.2 Cracks, dents and bulges
Precast culvert components shall have:
a) no crack or fissure wider than 0.15 mm
b) no individual crack longer than 300 mm
c) a cumulative crack length of no more than 500 mm.
Dents not exceeding 3 mm in depth and bulges not exceeding 3 mm in height shall be permitted,
provided these do not extend over the surface for a distance of more than 180 mm and the specified
cover is maintained.
Crack width shall be measured at the surface of the crack and not with the feeler gauge method.
The intention of MRTS24 is that precast units are produced crack free.
The use of feeler gauges to measure crack width (see AS 1597) is not considered accurate enough
due to variability in crack shape and operator technique.
13.9.3 Air holes
Air holes exceeding 12 mm in lateral dimension, or having a depth greater than 3 mm, shall be filled in
accordance with MRTS70 Concrete.
The intention of this Technical Specification is that precast units are produced with very few air holes.
Excessive air holes are a strong indication that suitable manufacturing processes are not being
observed in the production process and are not acceptable.
Tolerances on measured dimensions for both small and large box culverts and associated link slabs
shall comply with AS 1597.1 and AS 1597.2 as appropriate and the following requirements.
13.10.1 Straightness
When the inner surface of a culvert is tested with a one metre long straight-edge, the deviation from
straightness at any point shall not exceed 6 mm.
13.10.2 Ends
When tested with a tri square, the end faces of the culvert unit, link slab or base slab at any location
shall be square within ± 4 mm when measured across the unit section thickness.
13.10.3 Verticality
With the base of the culvert unit horizontal, the vertical side faces of the legs and the end faces shall
not deviate from the vertical at any location by more than ± 20 mm for the entire height of the culvert
13.10.4 Fillets
The internal corners of culverts shall be finished with curved or straight fillets appropriate to the size of
the culverts. Fillets shall not reduce the waterway area beyond the requirements outlined in
14 Handling, storage, and transportation
14.1 Marking
The following information shall be clearly and permanently marked on each culvert component from
time of manufacture:
a) the date of manufacture and unique identification number
b) the manufacturer's name or registered mark
c) the size of the culvert component
d) the maximum mass of the culvert component
e) the Technical Specification number and version to which the culvert component has been
manufactured.
14.2 Handling
Culvert components shall be handled in a manner which will avoid damage to the components and
shall be lifted using the lifting points provided as shown on the Drawings and Rigging Diagram (refer
Clause 6.4).
Where culverts are lifted in the legs up position, a lifting beam shall be used in order to avoid inducing
excessive bending moments in the legs.
14.3 Transportation
The legs of all culverts shall be adequately braced to prevent whipping and bending.
Precast base slabs and link slabs shall be transported in the as laid position.
Components shall not be transported from the precast yard until the greater of seven days or the time
when concrete has attained 70% of the specified 28 day characteristic strength.
14.4 Storage
Culvert components to be stored shall be placed on an even surface, stacked and supported in a
manner that will avoid damage. Culvert components may be stored in more than one layer. Timber or
other suitable material which does not damage, mark or stain the culverts shall be used as supports
between the ground and the culvert components and separating each layer. For culvert components,
stack height shall be no greater than either six metres or six culverts. The manufacturer shall be
responsible for any damage that occurs during storage.
For precast base slabs and link slabs, supports shall be placed near the ends of the slab and directly
above the supports of any lower layer and the maximum number of slabs in any one stack shall be six
Precast culvert components shall remain available for inspection for a minimum of seven days from
the date of manufacture. Witness Point 2 Precast culvert components shall be rejected if the
components fail to meet any of the requirements of this Technical Specification.
Any damage to the product during handling or transportation to site shall be assessed in accordance
with Clause 13.9 of this Technical Specification.
Culvert components shall be accepted on the basis of compliance with the acceptance criteria as
listed in Table 15.1.
Table 15.1 – Applicability of acceptance criteria
Acceptance criteria Small box culverts1 Large box culverts²
Type testing Applicable Not applicable
Component design Base slabs only Applicable
Visual inspection Applicable Applicable
Geometric measurement Applicable Applicable
Cover to reinforcement Applicable Applicable
Reinforcement spacing and
Applicable Applicable
Concrete strength Applicable Applicable
Proof load testing Applicable Not applicable
Ultimate load testing Applicable Not applicable
1. Maximum height of fill of 2 m.
2. Also small box culverts with height of fill over 2 m.
This Technical Specification states that ‘Precast concrete culvert components may be rejected
should the components fail to meet any of the requirements of this Technical Specification’. It
should be noted that manufacture of defect free product in accordance with MRTS24 is always the
preferred outcome. However where issues exist early submission of non conformances in
accordance with the Contract to the Administrator may assist with resolving issues. Acceptance of
non conforming or defective product is always at the discretion of the Administrator.
15.2 Routine testing
Routine testing of box culverts shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix F of AS 1597.1 or
Appendix F of AS 1597.2, as appropriate, and the following requirements.
For this purpose:
a) the definition of ‘design’ shall include Exposure Classification and cover to reinforcement
b) culverts and link slabs shall be treated as separate lots, and
c) months shall be considered as calendar months.
Testing and acceptance of reinforcement materials shall be in accordance with MRTS71.
Testing and acceptance of concrete shall be in accordance with MRTS70.
For the purposes of defining a lot and selecting a sample (see AS 1597.1 F2, AS 1597.2 F2), sampling
shall be planned such that during the course of a calendar year, each size and design of culvert
should be sampled for testing, with the exception of ultimate load tests for small box culverts.
This requirement may necessitate the testing of non prominent sizes/designs in the case of
Clause F2(ii) and non largest sizes/designs in the case of Clause F2(iii).
This requirement is included to ensure that smaller or less common sizes and designs are tested
on a semi regular basis.
15.2.1 Proof load testing
The frequency of testing and the basis of acceptance of the testing for proof load shall be as defined in
Clause F6.1 of AS 1597.1 or monthly, which ever gives the greater number of tests.
Based on these requirements, generally proof load testing will occur either monthly or two per 50
culvert components, whichever gives the most number of tests.
15.2.2 Ultimate load testing
The frequency of testing and the basis of acceptance of the testing for ultimate load shall be as
defined in Clause F6.2 of AS 1597.1.
Clause F6.2 requires an ultimate load test every 150 components or per three months of
production, whichever gives the most tests.
15.3 Information to be supplied at delivery
With each batch of culverts delivered to the site, a delivery docket shall be supplied that provides
traceability to a conformance report for the batch. The delivery docket shall also state that the culverts
supplied conform to the requirements of this Technical Specification.
At no less than monthly intervals, the Contractor shall provide a conformance report, issued by the
manufacturer, confirming that the culverts supplied conform to the requirements of this Technical
Specification and providing the conformance information as listed in Clause 15.1.
In addition for small box culverts, this conformance report shall include reports on the load testing of
small box culverts and link slabs in accordance with AS 1597.1 Clause G9.2.
Final acceptance of culvert components shall be subject to receipt and acceptance of these reports by
the Administrator. Hold Point 6
Culverts shall be installed in accordance with MRTS03 and MRTS04. Culverts shall not be backfilled
or loaded with construction traffic prior to 28 days from date of manufacture, unless otherwise
Backfilling of culverts is a Hold Point: MRTS04 Clause 19.3.3.
Specification (Technical Standard)
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Nganwa & 2 Ors v Attorney General (CIVIL SUIT NO. 640 OF 2005) [2012] UGHC 201 (28 September 2012);
CIVIL SUIT NO. 640 OF 2005
1. DR. NGANWA WILLIAM
2. DR. LULE JOHN ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PLAINTIFFS
3. MR. OTIM FRANCIS
ATTORNEY GENERAL ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: DEFENDANT
BEFORE: HON. JUSTICE ELDAD MWANGUSYA
The plaintiffs are former employees of the National Drug Authority. DR. WILLAIM NGANWA (1st plaintiff) was employed as Chairman National Drug Authority, DR. LULE JOHN (2nd plaintiff) was employed as Information & Training Officer while MR. OTIM FRANCIS (3rd plaintiff) was employed as Head Drug Registrar and Assessment. The trio were arrested on or about the 18th November 2002 later taken to Court where the 1st and 2nd plaintiff were charged with the offences of Abuse of office and Neglect of Duty and the 3rd plaintiff was charged with Falsification of the National Drug Authority Drug Register. The charges were withdrawn on 4.04.2005 after the 1st and 2nd plaintiffs’ counsel had filed written submissions of a no case to answer and the 3rd plaintiff was due to make the oral submissions of no case to answer. Following the withdrawal of the suit the plaintiffs brought this action for malicious prosecution on the basis that the prosecution was conducted without proper investigations for which the Attorney General is held liable because the state was aware that there was no evidence to sustain any charges against the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs also claim that they were humiliated, inconvenienced and disgraced for which they claim special and general damages, exemplary damages and costs of the suit.
In his defence the Attorney General denies the plaintiffs’ allegations and contends that the arrest, detention and prosecution of the plaintiffs were lawful and without any malice. He prayed for dismissal of their claims.
At the scheduling conference conducted on 22.08.2007 the fact of the plaintiffs’ employment with National Drug Authority was admitted and so was the fact of their arrest, the charges and remand in Luzira Prison. It was also agreed that the prosecution was conducted by servants/agents /employees of the government in the course of their employment and that the charges were withdrawn by the Director of Public Prosecutions.
The issues framed for trial by this Court were:-
Whether the prosecution was malicious or not
If so whether the plaintiffs are entitled to the remedies sought.
All the plaintiffs testified at the trial and took Court through the hallowing experience they went through when they were arrested, interrogated by the police, taken to cells where they were mixed with common criminals and taken to Court where after being taken through a trial the DPP withdrew the charges. Throughout his testimony the first plaintiff who has had a distinguished career as a Surgeon could not hold back his tears as he described what he went through during his arrest, interrogation and detention prior to his production in Court.
The defendant adduced the evidence of DR SSEMATIKO GORDON KATENDE the current Executive Secretary/Registrar National Drug Authority who testified that he joined the Authority in 2011 and has had the opportunity of perusing the file in respect of this case. In his testimony he stated that counterfeit drugs are dangerous to the community and that NDA has put measures in place to curb their importation and registration. In specific reference to the drugs in issue he stated that both the report from the National Drug Authority Quality Control Laboratory and the one from South Africa were to the effect that the drugs were fit for Human consumption.
The three plaintiffs were represented by Mr. Macdosman Kabega while the defendant was represented by Mr. Martin Mwambusya, a State Attorney. At the closure of the cases for the plaintiffs and the defendant both of them correctly stated that there are four ingredients that constitute the tort of malicious prosecution. The ingredients are as follows:-
That the defendant instituted and continued proceedings.
That the defendant acted without reasonable cause.
That the defendant acted maliciously.
That the proceedings terminated in favour of the plaintiff.
These ingredients are drawn from the authorities of KAGANE & OTHERS VS ATTORNEY GENERAL & ANOTHER (1969) EA. 643 and EDIRISA SEMAKULA VS ATTORNEY GENERAL HIGH COURT CIVIL SUIT NO. 6 OF 1975 cited by counsel in the submissions. In the instant case there is no contention that the defendant instituted and continued the proceedings which were terminated in favour of the plaintiffs. These two facts were admitted at the commencement of the trial. I will proceed to deal with the other two ingredients.
On whether or not the defendant acted without reasonable cause Mr. Martin Mwambusya cited the case of HERNINMAN VS SMITH (1938) AC 305 where the Court adopted with approval the definition of reasonable and probable cause by Hawkins J in the case of HICKS FAUCKER (1878) QB 169 AT 173 where it was stated as follows:-
“It is not required of any prosecution that he must have tested every possible relevant fact before he takes action. His duty is not to ascertain whether there is a defence, but whether there is a reasonable and probable cause for a prosecution. Circumstances may exist in which it is right before charging a man with a misconduct to ask for an explanation but no general rule can be laid down and where a person is satisfied or has apparently sufficient evidence that he has in fact been cheated, there is no obligation to call upon the cheat and ask for an application in as much as to ask for this may only have the effect of causing material evidence to disappear or be manifested”.
Applying the above definition to this case he justified the prosecution of the plaintiffs by citing the evidence of Dr. Ssematiko in which he testified that if the NDA had information that deregistered drugs were being imported in the country they were justified to refer the matter to the C.I.D for investigation and eventual prosecution. But the testimony of Dr. Ssematiko was far from any suggestion that the NDA in general and the plaintiffs in particular had imported any deregistered drugs into the country. On the contrary the testimony of Dr. Ssematiko, the only witness produced by the defence was to the effect that when he studied the two reports in relation to the drugs the subject of the case against the plaintiffs both reports revealed that the drugs were fit for human consumption. This is what he states during his examination in chief:-
“The drugs the subject matter of this suit were contained in two reports. The first report was from the National Drug Quality Control Laboratory. The other report was from South Africa which described their quality. I cannot specifically remember the wording but the effect of the reports was that they were fit for human consumption.”
Under cross examination by the plaintiffs’ counsel he stated as follows:-
“Other than what I have read I do not have any knowledge relating to the arrest and prosecution of the plaintiffs. From my reading of the two reports both indicated that the drugs for which they were taken to Court were fit for human consumption…..”
The defence did not bring any other witness to explain as to why the plaintiffs were prosecuted if the reports regarding the drugs were to the effect that they were fit for human consumption which contradicts the reason given by the defendant for the prosecution of the plaintiffs and unless the two are reconciled there is no way this Court would find that there was any ground for prosecution of the plaintiffs and according to the case of DR. WILLY KABERUKA VS STTORNEY GENERAL 1994 KALR 507 malice may be inferred when a wrongful act is done intentionally without just cause or excuse. In the case of Kaberuka the plaintiff who was an Economic Adviser to the President of Uganda was prosecuted for an offence of Reckless Driving because a motor vehicle attached to his office was involved in an accident. His explanation was that at the time of the accident he was out of the country. This explanation was not investigated. His prosecution ended up in an acquittal and after his acquittal he filed a suit for malicious prosecution. In her judgment Lady Justice Byamugisha (as she then was) after citing a number of authorities made the following statement:-
“In other words the person preferring the charge or laying a complaint before the Court should have an honest belief in the guilt of the person charged based upon reasonable grounds depending on the state of the circumstances which if they are true would lead any prudent and cautious man placed in the position of the prosecutor to the conclusion that the person charged is probably guilty of the crime imputed. As for the test to be applied this was set out in the case of KAGAME & OTHERS V- ATTORNEY GENERAL & ANOTHER [1969] E.A 643 where the Court said at page 646:-
“the question as whether there was reasonable and probable cause for the prosecution is primarily to be judged on the basis of an objective test. That is to say to constitute reasonable and probable cause, the totality of the material within the knowledge of the prosecutor whether that material consists of facts discovered by the prosecutor or information which has come to him or both, must be such as to be capable of satisfying an ordinary reasonable prudent and cautious man to the extent of believing that the accused is probably guilty. If and in so far as that material is based upon information, the information must be reasonably credible such that an ordinary prudent and cautious man could honestly believe it be substantially true and to afford a reasonably strong basis for the prosecution.””
Applying the above test to this case there was no basis for the prosecution if as Dr. Ssematiko testified there was nothing wrong with the drugs in question. Dr. Ssematiko also testified that there are checks and balances to prohibit entry and use of substandard drugs. The measures include a Dossier Valuation pertaining to how each drug is manufactured, stored and used. This is done before the product is allowed on the Ugandan market. The factory is also inspected to confirm that what is submitted in writing is what takes place. There is verification of the proforma invoice to confirm that the product which was registered is the one imported. PNFs of entry are checked for any deliverance to confirm that they are the ones verified on the proforma invoice. This illustrates the point that even if the drugs themselves had had a problem there was need to investigate the role of each of the plaintiffs before holding them accountable in view of the measures in place that are supposed to ensure delivery of drugs that are safe for human consumption. The plaintiffs were dragged to Court without any investigations and like in the case of William Kaberuka where it was found that the prosecution was malicious for failure to connect the plaintiff with the Traffic Accident Court finds that for the failure to investigate the case to establish not only that the drugs were unfit for human consumption and that the three plaintiffs were criminally liable their prosecution was malicious.
On damages each of the plaintiffs claims special damages of which the items are travel expenses to Court at Buganda Road, Katwe Police station and Luzira Prison and legal expenses incurred during the trial of the case at Buganda Road. This Court is satisfied that each of the plaintiffs has proved the expenses as pleaded. The first plaintiff will be awarded special damages in a sum of shs 4.440.000=, the second plaintiff will be awarded a sum of shs 9.620.000= and the third plaintiff special damages in a sum of shs 3.020.000-.
On general damages the Court in the case of William Kaberuka (supra) considered a number of factors before arriving at an appropriate award. The factors included the period that the plaintiffs spent attending to his criminal trial on charges that were hardly investigated by the defendant’s servants, the indignity and humiliation he suffered and the injury to his feelings especially the possibility of serving a sentence. The plaintiff’s status in society was also considered. In the case of HENRY MUNYANGANIZI VS- ATTORNEY GENERAL CIVL SUIT NO. 659 OD 1996 (unreported) Justice P.K Mugamba took into consideration a number of factors as stated hereunder:-
“The plaintiff was a Senior Officer in Government. He was Uganda’s Commissioner for Immigration. He had also served as Director of Special Branch, not to mention other responsibilities in the Police Force. He is well heeled in the circles of the Educated in this country and prided himself in and unblemished reputation he had built over the years as a person who was incorruptible and trusted. Prolonged criminal proceedings put an end to all that even though they came to naught in the end. He comes to Court seeking redress for the pain and suffering he was left to undergo. Damages cannot be adequate as relief but a sum of 50.000.000= as an award shall go some way towards redress.”
I agree that the above factors are of paramount consideration in determining in monetary terms an award of damages that would in some measure atone the plaintiffs for the damages both physical and mental that they suffered from the time of their arrest and prosecution todate when they are still in Court as a consequence of a prosecution that should not have been undertaken against them in the first place. All the plaintiffs are accomplished professionals in their own right. At the time he testified in Court on 25.03.2010 DR. NGANWA WILLIAM (1st plaintiff) stated that he was a sixty nine year old Senior Consultant Surgeon who in the year 2003 had been picked from his office for interrogation by the Criminal Investigation Department where he was interrogated on a number of occasions. During the interrogation he was asked about drugs of which he explained that he did not have details. This was okay. But his interrogation with an officer placing a gun on a table, a lady walking in and out with a pistol on another occasion, his being denied lunch when he explained that he was a diabetic was unwarranted even if he was a criminal which he was not because he is presumed innocent till proved guilty. His interception at Entebbe Airport as he was heading for Botswana for a Regional conference could have been avoided because if he was on Police Bond the investigators did not have to follow him to the Airport. These are but a few incidents that demonstrate the highhanded manner in which the plaintiff was handled. Such experience has a traumatising effect and the witness was weeping as he testified about all the experiences he went through.
At the time DR. JOHN CHRISESTOM LULE (second plaintiff) testified on 19.04.2010 he stated that he was an Associate Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Makerere University, Mulago Medical School and a Consultant obstetrician and gynecologist at Mulago Hospital. All this was achieved through a number of post graduate courses which he attended after graduation from Makerere in 1975. Like the 1st plaintiff he was treated in a highhanded manner when no exhaustive investigations into his involvement into the importation of fake drugs had been done and it is only after a prolonged trial that the prosecution withdraws the case after submission of no case to answer. This was after his reputation had been dealt a heavy blow and this is the basis for an award of general damages in addition to the factors in the case of Henry Munyanganizi. MR. FRANCIS OTIM (3rd plaintiff) is a relatively young Pharmacist. He has a long career ahead of him. This career could have been ruined by this prosecution simply because the investigations that led to his prosecution were shallow. He like Dr. Nganwa suffered the indignity of having his flight to Botswana to attend a conference intercepted. He also went through the same harrowing experience of interrogation which seems to have served no purpose because his explanation like that of his co-plaintiffs was ignored. If the investigators had taken the explanations of the plaintiffs as regards their role in importation of the drugs and the reports that Dr. Ssematiko testified to, the career of this young pharmacist would not have been put in jeopardy as it happened in this case.
The plaintiffs also sought exemplary damages which according to the case of Henry Munyanganizi Vs Attorney General (supra) may be awarded where there is oppressive, arbitrary or unconstitutional action by the servant of the government. From the findings of this Court the requirement for this award is satisfied by the circumstances of this case. As already stated, with the evidence of Dr. Ssematiko available to the organs that carried out the investigations and prosecution of the plaintiffs their actions can only be described as oppressive and arbitrary and for that reason all the plaintiffs are entitled to exemplary damages.
In the circumstances judgment is entered for the plaintiffs as follows:-
The 1st plaintiff is awarded a sum of shs 4.440.000= (four million four hundred forty only) as special damages.
The 2nd plaintiff is awarded a sum of shs 9.620.000= (nine million six hundred twenty only) as special damages.
The 3rd plaintiff is awarded a sum of shs 3.020.000= (three million twenty only) as special damages.
Each of the plaintiffs is awarded a sum of 65.000.000= (sixty five million only) as General damages.
Each of the plaintiffs is awarded a sum of 15.000.000= (fifteen million only) as Exemplary damages.
Interest of 20% on (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) from the date of judgment till payment in full.
Costs of the suit.
Eldad Mwangusya
Mpala & 2 Ors Vs Attorney General (CIVIL SUIT NO. 116 OF 2012) [2019]UGHCCD 102 (3 April 2019);
Henry Munyanganizi v Attorney General (Civil Suit NO. 659 OF 1996) ((Civil Suit NO. 659 OF 1996)) [2002] UGHC 80 (1 March 2002);
Turaganise George v Attorney General and Another (Civil Suit No.338 of 2002) ((Civil Suit No.338 of 2002)) [2005] UGHC 25 (21 September 2005);
Martin Fetaa v Uganda Revenue Authority (HCT-00-CV-CS-0339-2007) ((HCT-00-CV-CS-0339-2007)) [2009] UGHC 129 (3 August 2009);
Omunyokol v Rutayisire & 2 Ors (CIVIL SUIT NO.445 OF 2002) [2014] UGHCCD 126 (8 September 2014);
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Sep 15, 2018 at 10:00 am – Sep 16, 2018 at 6:00 pm
RADIO BOOT CAMP
Presented with Hindenburg
Please sign up for the waitlist below to receive updates regarding any openings or similar future opportunities.
Which Workshops Are You Interested In?*
Sound Ethnographies
A Letter To The World: Experiments in Essay Filmmaking
Speaking Truth To Power: Investigative Documentary
Podcast School
Short Form Storytelling
Worlds Made Real: Storytelling for Immersive Documentary
The "I" Does Not Exist Alone: Expanded Personal Filmmaking
Creative Field Recording
Speculations in the Archive
Branded Documentaries: Seminar on Creative Content
Modes of Making: Producing for Documentary
Documentary and Performance
Please select all that apply. We will notify you when we open registration for any new sessions of workshops you select.
Don’t just listen to stories, tell your own!
Do you love Ira, have a secret crush on Terry Gross, or wanna be Audie Cornish when you grow up? Come to the September Radio Boot Camp and learn how to produce a radio story from start to finish. This hands on class will cover the basics of writing for the ear (very different than print) and producing for radio using professional equipment and software. Be prepared to grab your gear and hit the streets. Learn interviewing and mic techniques by doing the real thing. Voicing will also be covered. Students will produce one story over the course of the weekend.
UnionDocs, 322 Union Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11211
10:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m., in class
3 hours homework, on your own
Radio Boot Camp is open to everyone! Class is designed for beginners, enthusiasts and newcomers to radio.
$300 for early registration by Wednesday, August 15, 2018 at 5PM.
$315 regular registration.
All the software and recording equipment for the weekend will be provided. We’re incredibly grateful to the generous folks at Hindenburg for sharing their amazing audio editing software with us! Beginning one month before the workshop, registered students will be able to download a version of Hindenburg which will be theirs to use for a couple of months. That way you can get your audio groove on early! Please note: in order to keep costs down, this workshop is a b-y-o-l, bring your own laptop. Students must be FULLY PROFICIENT using and operating their computers. Students will be using professional recording gear in class so laptops must either have a USB port to connect to recorders, or a slot to read SD memory cards.
Registration & Refund/Cancellation Policy
$300 for early registration by Wednesday, August 15, 2018 at 5PM, afterwards, $315.
To register for a workshop, students must pay in full. After the early registration deadline, course fees are non-refundable or transferable. Any withdrawals after the deadline will result in the full cost of the class being forfeited. There are no exceptions. To withdraw from the course please email [email protected].
If the workshop does not receive sufficient enrollment, it may be canceled. Students will be notified at least 48 hours prior to the start of a cancelled workshop and will be refunded within 5 business days. If we reschedule a workshop to another date, students are also entitled to a full refund. UnionDocs reserves the right to change instructors without prior notification, and to change class location and meeting times by up to an hour with 48 hours prior notice.
Q: I really like radio, but I don’t know anything about how to make it. Should I take this class?
A: Absolutely! This workshop is designed for beginners, enthusiasts and newcomers to radio.
Q: I really like radio – in fact I already work for a show/station! But I work at a talk show/in fundraising/listener relations. Should I take this class?
A: Absolutely! The focus of class is on making pre-produced radio a very different process than producing at a talk show or similar.
Q: How many students will be in class?
A: Class is limited to 12 students.
Q: Do we need any special software or equipment for camp?
A: Yes – in order to keep costs down you’ll need to bring a laptop, but that’s it. All the software and recording equipment you need will be provided at the camp.
Q: What about lunch?
A: We’ll take an hour off each day for lunch.
Q: What’s UnionDocs?
A: UnionDocs is a nonprofit Center for Documentary Art. It presents over 100 events a year, runs workshops and produces original projects through its collaborative studio. We think it’s pretty great!
Q: What is Hindenburg?
A: In case you’re wondering, Hindenburg Systems’ audio production solutions are developed by, with and for radio professionals and podcasters. The unique, intuitive interface is designed specifically for story-telling, allowing journalists to focus on their story, while Hindenburg ensures consistent broadcast sound quality and levels. It’s all about the Story!
Q: Where will the ideas for the stories we’ll be working on come from?
A: There will be some flexibility in format, but the class will work on one assigned story. This allows students to see and learn from each other’s work. Pitching story ideas and professional practices will be discussed at the end of day 2, and we’re hoping to schedule a stand alone pitching workshop in the near future.
Q: I want to learn to make a podcast. Will you be covering that?
A: While we wish we had time to cover everything, we may touch on podcasting, but it’s not a set part of the curriculum.
Please note: Participants are accepted on a first-come, first-serve basis.
Sally Herships is an award winning journalist who’s been making radio for over a decade. Currently reporting for American Public Media’s Marketplace she’s also produced or reported for the BBC, The New York Times, NPR, WNYC, Studio 360 and has put in many hours at Radiolab. A 2015 US-Japan Journalism Fellow with the Japan Center for International Exchange, Sally has reported from Japan and India currently teaches writing for radio at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism and Sarah Lawrence College. Sally hosts the live storytelling event Stories You Can’t Tell on the Radio and when she’s not making radio or teaching it she enjoys sitting around, daydreaming, and drawing supermodels, robots and cats for sohosally.com.
Isabella Kulkarni is an independent radio producer and reporter – she’s worked on several shows with Gimlet, like Undone, Mogul and The Nod, helped launch the podcast network at The Ringer and is currently teaching grad students at Columbia’s Journalism School. Before coming to NYC she spent time wandering around in Morocco, Senegal and France, enjoyed lots of citrus in California, and froze her tukus off in Minnesota.
Meg Dalton is a writer and audio producer based in Brooklyn. She currently writes about media and journalism for the Columbia Journalism Review, as well as produces its podcast. In May, she graduated from the Columbia Journalism School where she specialized in audio storytelling and narrative writing. Her audio production work has aired on places like WHYY, Marketplace, and NPR Investigations. In her past life, she was the associate editor of MediaShift.org where she covered crowdfunding, virtual reality, podcasts, and all things digital media and technology. Off the clock, she enjoys making puns, fiddling around on the mandolin, and exploring her surroundings by foot or bike. You can listen to her work here.
Sarah Wyman is a recent graduate of Columbia Journalism School, where her reporting featured on Uptown Radio and the Gray Area podcast. These days, she works on Business Insider’s new show (Household Name), edits the On Assignment podcast for the DuPont-Columbia Awards and watches a lot of Scandinavian crime dramas on Netflix.
Elizabeth Brockway is a recent graduate of Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism where she worked on Uptown Radio. Prior to earning her master’s degree, she spent several years working as a writer and photographer in fashion and beauty at Vogue.com, Into The Gloss and i-D. You can listen to her radio work here.
Stephanie Coleman began making radio as an undergraduate studying at Duke’s Center for Documentary Studies. She has since worked for StoryCorps, The Story with Dick Gordon, and she currently produces radio independently and for Twangbox Productions. Her work has aired on All Things Considered, Weekend Edition, The Story, WBEZ’s Re:Sound, and the Vox Tablet and Distillations podcasts. She is also an accomplished old-time fiddle player and has performed and taught throughout the United States, Europe, and Australia with the all-girl band Uncle Earl and other stringbandy configurations.
Adrian Ma is a journalist, audio producer, and former law clerk. Since making the switch from law to journalism, he’s reported on how football’s concussion crisis is making helmets more expensive, why interest in drone racing is taking off, and how New York’s helicopter tour industry is driving residents nuts. In 2016, he graduated with honors from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism. His work has aired on WNYC, WBAI, and Marketplace. Recently, he worked on Codebreaker, a podcast from Marketplace Tech and Business Insider. Years ago, he was a cook in a ramen shop. Marylander by birth; New Yorker by necessity. Listen to samples of his work here.
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TV Series, Fear The Walking Dead, Crew,
Jack LoGiudice
This article is about the producer. You may be looking for the voice actor, or the actor.
Writer and co-executive producer for the TV Series
Writer and consulting producer for the Companion Series
Caucasian-American
Jack LoGiudice is an American TV writer and producer who worked as a writer and consulting producer for both AMC's The Walking Dead and Fear The Walking Dead.
LoGiudice has worked on several other television series. He was a consulting producer on the first season of FX biker drama Sons of Anarchy in 2008. He served as a co-executive producer and writer for the second season in 2009.
Episodes Written
"Tell It to the Frogs" (with Frank Darabont & Charles H. Eglee)
"The Dog"
Jack LoGiudice on Wikipedia
Jack LoGiudice on IMDb
Crew (TV Series)
Showrunners Frank Darabont (1) • Glen Mazzara (2-3) • Scott Gimple (4-8) • Angela Kang (9-10)
Directors Alrick Riley (6-7) • Avi Youabian (6) • Billy Gierhart (2-3, 6) • Clark Johnson (2) • Daisy Mayer (9) • Dan Attias (3) • Dan Liu (8-9) • Daniel Sackheim (3-4) • Darnell Martin (7) • David Boyd (2-10) • Ernest Dickerson (1-5) • Frank Darabont (1) • Gregory Nicotero (2-10) • Guy Ferland (1-4) • Gwyneth Horder-Payton (1-2) • Jeffrey January (5-8) • Jennifer Lynch (5-6) • Jeremy Podeswa (4) • Johan Renck (1) • John Dahl (10) • John Polson (8) • Julius Ramsay (4-5) • Kari Skogland (6-7) • Larry Teng (8-9) • Larysa Kondracki (5) • Laura Belsey (9) • Lesli Linka Glatter (3) • Liesl Tommy (9) • Meera Menon (9) • Michael Cudlitz (9-10) • Michael Satrazemis (4-9) • Michael Slovis (6-8) • Michael Uppendahl (4) • Michelle MacLaren (1-2, 4) • Millicent Shelton (9) • Phil Abraham (2) • Rosemary Rodriguez (7-9) • Seith Mann (3-5) • Stefan Schwartz (3) • Stephen Williams (6) • Tricia Brock (3-4)
Writers Adam Fierro (1) • Angela Kang (2-10) • Channing Powell (4-9) • Charles H. Eglee (1) • Corey Reed (5-9) • Curtis Gwinn (4) • David Leslie Johnson (2, 7-9) • Eddie Guzelian (8-9) • Evan T. Reilly (2-3) • Frank Darabont (1-2) • Frank Renzulli (3) • Geraldine Inoa (9) • Glen Mazzara (1-3) • Heather Bellson (5-6) • Jack LoGiudice (1) • Jim Barnes (10) • LaToya Morgan (9) • Matt Negrete (4-9) • Nichole Beattie (3-4) • Robert Kirkman (1-5) • Ryan C. Coleman (3) • Sang Kyu Kim (3) • Scott Gimple (2-9) • Seth Hoffman (4-6) • Vivian Tse (9)
Producers Adam Fierro (1) • Angela Kang (3-10) • Caleb Womble (4-9) • Channing Powell (4-9) • Charles H. Eglee (1) • Corey Reed (5-9) • Curtis Gwinn (4) • David Alpert (1-10) • Denise Huth (1-10) • Evan T. Reilly (2-3) • Frank Darabont (1) • Gale Anne Hurd (1-10) • Glen Mazzara (1-3) • Gregory Nicotero (1-9) • Heather Bellson (5-6) • Jack LoGiudice (1) • Jolly Dale (3-6) • Kenneth Requa (3-5) • Matt Negrete (4-9) • Nichole Beattie (3-4) • Paul Gadd (2-6) • Robert Kirkman (1-9) • Sang Kyu Kim (3) • Scott Gimple (2-9) • Seth Hoffman (4-6) • Skip Schoolnik (1) • Tom Luse (2-9)
Crew (Fear)
Showrunners Dave Erickson (1-3) • Andrew Chambliss (4-5) • Ian Goldberg (4-5)
Directors Adam Davidson (1-2) • Alex Garcia Lopez (3) • Alrick Riley (3) • Andrew Bernstein (2-3) • Christoph Schrewe (2) • Colman Domingo (4-5) • Courtney Hunt (3) • Craig Zisk (2) • Daisy Mayer (4-5) • Dan Liu (4-5) • Daniel Sackheim (2) • Daniel Stamm (3) • David Barrett (4-5) • Deborah Chow (2-3) • Gerardo Naranjo (2) • Jeremy Webb (3) • Jessica Lowrey (5) • John Polson (4) • Josef Wladyka (3) • Kari Skogland (1) • Kate Dennis (2) • Lou Diamond Phillips (4) • Magnus Martens (4) • Marta Cunningham (5) • Meera Menon (3) • Michael McDonough (2) • Michael Satrazemis (4-5) • Michael Uppendahl (2) • Paco Cabezas (3) • Ron Underwood (5) • Sarah Boyd (4) • Sharat Raju (4-5) • Stefan Schwartz (1-3) • Sydney Freeland (5) • Tara Nicole Weyr (4-5) • Uta Briesewitz (2)
Writers Alan Page (2-3) • Alex Delyle (4-5) • Andrew Chambliss (4-5) • Anna Fishko (4) • Ashley Cardiff (5) • Brett C. Leonard (2) • Brian Buckner (2) • Carla Ching (2) • Dave Erickson (1-3) • David Wiener (1-2) • Ian Goldberg (4-5) • Jack LoGiudice (1) • Jami O'Brien (3) • Kalinda Vasquez (4) • Kate Barnow (2) • Kate Erickson (2) • Lauren Signorino (2-3) • Mallory Westfall (5) • Marco Ramirez (1) • Mark Richard (3) • Meaghan Oppenheimer (1) • Melissa Scrivner-Love (4) • Mike Zunic (3) • Richard Naing (4-5) • Robert Kirkman (1) • Ryan Scott (3) • Samir Mehta (5) • Scott Gimple (4) • Shintaro Shimosawa (4) • Suzanne Heathcote (3) • Wes Brown (3)
Producers Alan Page (2-3) • Andrew Bernstein (2-3) • Andrew Chambliss (4-5) • Brett C. Leonard (2) • Brian Buckner (2) • Dave Erickson (1-3) • David Alpert (1-5) • David Wiener (1-2) • Gale Anne Hurd (1-5) • Gregory Nicotero (1-5) • Ian Goldberg (4-5) • Jack LoGiudice (1) • Kate Barnow (2) • Marco Ramirez (1) • Michael Satrazemis (4-5) • Robert Kirkman (1-5) • Scott Gimple (4-5) • Shintaro Shimosawa (4)
Retrieved from "https://walkingdead.fandom.com/wiki/Jack_LoGiudice?oldid=1285870"
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Express Web Content Viewer (JSR 286)
Waterfront Toronto is the public advocate and steward of waterfront revitalization. Created by the Governments of Canada and Ontario and the City of Toronto, Waterfront Toronto is mandated to deliver a revitalized waterfront.
Following the release of the Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Task Force's report in March 2000, the three orders of government jointly announced their support for the creation of Waterfront Toronto (formerly Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Corporation) to oversee, lead and implement the waterfront’s renewal.
Formally created in 2001, Waterfront Toronto has a 25-year mandate to transform 800 hectares (2,000 acres) of brownfield lands on the waterfront into beautiful, sustainable mixed-use communities and dynamic public spaces.
The project is one of the largest infrastructure projects in North America and one of the largest waterfront redevelopment initiatives ever undertaken in the world. However, it is not just the sheer scale of the project that makes it unique. Waterfront Toronto is delivering a leading edge city-building model that seeks to place Toronto at the forefront of global cities in the 21st century.
A primary objective of waterfront revitalization is to leverage the infrastructure project to deliver key economic and social benefits that enable Toronto to compete aggressively with other top tier global cities for investment, jobs and people. To do this, Waterfront Toronto brings together the most innovative approaches to sustainable development, excellence in urban design, real estate development, and advanced technology infrastructure.
The 800 hectare (2,000 acre) designated waterfront area runs from Dowling Avenue in the west to Coxwell Avenue in the east.
The area is roughly equal in size to Toronto’s major downtown core from Bathurst Street to Sherbourne Street and Front Street to Bloor Street.
Revitalization is expected to take at least 25 years and approximately $30 billion of private and public funding to complete.
The project includes the creation of 40,000 residential units, one million square metres of employment space and 300 hectares of parks and public spaces.
Capital Peer Review Panel
The Waterfront Toronto Capital Peer Review Panel (the Panel) was formed in 2018 as an independent body to help guide the revitalization of Toronto’s waterfront.
We are committed to openness, transparency and accountability and these values are at the core of our promise to the people of Toronto, Ontario and Canada.
accountability officer
Waterfront Toronto has an Accountability Officer to receive and investigate complaints of wrongdoing as defined in the Corporation’s Wrongdoing Policy.
annual reports, financial statements and corporate plans
The integrity and objectivity of the financial statements of Waterfront Toronto (legally known as the Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Corporation) is the responsibility of management.
We work to ensure that everything we build on Toronto’s waterfront – from buildings to streets, parks and public art – meets or exceeds our high standards for architecture and public space. Our commitment to design and planning excellence has been recognized with a number of awards.
The three orders of government each appoint four representatives to our Board of Directors. The Board helps ensure that our revitalization mandate is delivered in an accountable, transparent manner.
closed meeting investigations
In order to provide an independent review of Waterfront Toronto’s Board and Board Committee’s open meeting performance, Waterfront Toronto has appointed an Investigator to conduct investigations if there is a complaint about a closed meeting.
design review panel members
Learn more about the members of the Waterfront Design Review Panel.
Take a look at the design teams Waterfront Toronto works with to envision and elevate our waterfront communities.
digital strategy advisory panel members
Learn more about the members of the Digital Strategy Advisory Panel.
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Trans led documentary series that will highlight the mental health and medical care of trans & non binary people in Appalachia.
Click here to Be considered for casting
Climbing Every Mountain: a Docu Series by Transilient
We believe that storytelling is a powerful and radical form of healing and can plant the seeds of restorative justice. Because of this, we have decided to create a documentary series that chronicles the experiences of trans people who face mental health issues on a daily basis in Appalachia. Seeing and hearing from those directly impacted by these issues provides audiences with a personalized connection to these stories and people. It is for this reason that we aim to complete this project through film above all other mediums.
Knoxville, TN ➔ Huntsville, AL ➔ Atanta, GA ➔ Asheville, NC ➔ Roanoke, VA ➔ Charleston, WV
It is a known fact that transgender and gender non-conforming people face discrimination, especially in rural parts of the United States like Appalachia. Through our proposed documentary series, we hope to share the mental health stories of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals in communities throughout Appalachia, breaking down the stigma around mental illness, trans identities, and advocating for more inclusive and affirming services in a part of the United States that is largely overlooked and under-served.
While nearly 6.7% of the United States population experience a form of depression and 18% experience some form of a diagnosed anxiety disorder, almost half of all trans and gender non-conforming people experience these issues (Psychology Today, 2016). In fact, the American Psychological Association wrote in March 2016 that “for many adults, dealing with discrimination results in a state of heightened vigilance and changes in behavior, which in itself can trigger stress responses – that is, even the anticipation of discrimination is sufficient to cause people to become stressed.”
LGBTQ individuals are almost 3 times more likely than others to experience a mental health condition such as major depression or generalized anxiety disorder. This fear of coming out and being discriminated against for sexual orientation and gender identities, can lead to depression, post traumatic stress disorder, thoughts of suicide and substance abuse. (stats from Nami.org)
According to the 2010-2014 Poverty Rate report, poverty rates across the US were 15.6% compared to 19.7% in the combined Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. In addition to experiencing poverty at higher rates than the general population, people who are transgender or gender non-conforming have difficulties accessing the income supports and other safety nets that would help them overcome poverty. Nearly 1 in 5 trans folks have reported that they had received negative treatment, including being denied equal treatment or service, verbally harassed, or physically attacked, when they went to a public assistance or government benefits office.
Over 41% of trans men and women are estimated to have attempted suicide — a rate that's nearly nine times as high as the rate of cisgender Americans.
In the time-frame of 60 days the team at Transilient ran a Kickstarter campaign to raise money for the production of Climbing Every Mountain. Many organizations, artists, musicians, etc. donated items to help reach our goal. Stealth Bros Co, Transfigure Print Co, I Am We Creations, Chain Nicholas, Sharon Von Etten, Lockwood 51. We had 229 folks from all across the world contribute to this project! People want to see the conversation around mental health change. We even ended up going a little bit beyond our goal, which is amazing. During our Kickstarter campaign, we were also awarded the “Project We Love” badge. Which means there was a lot of excitement and enthusiasm about the docuseries itself on Kickstarter.
James Heatherly
Director of Film @ Transilient
Transilient.Media@gmail.com
*Page will be updated throughout the Pre-Production process; Check back for more info as released*
The Final Straw Podcast about Climbing Every Mountain!
“New trans docu-series to film in Appalachia if Kickstarter goal reached” - FTM Magazine article
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The Game Changing Impact of Data and Data-Driven Solutions in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
The buzz regarding data and what it can do for business today is everywhere. It has captured imaginations. Some imaginations have turned into reality, giving rise to real-time translation tools and self-driving cars. More exciting products will hit the market soon. The excitement that has been stirred by this new trend has made managers and engineers in the oil and gas industry excited.
Autonomous, self-drilling rigs, completely automated, smart completion and hydraulic fracturing, building comprehensive, full field, and fast reservoir models based on facts (field measurements), building smart proxy of complex numerical reservoir simulation models that run in fractions of a second, and coupling subsurface to wellbore and to the surface facilities, in real-time modeling and optimization, are among the rising applications of data driven solutions in the upstream oil and gas industry.
Data-Driven Analytics have already made important contributions to the oil and gas industry. In situations where our understanding of the physics is still in the developmental phase and the number of unknowns are overwhelming (such as production from shale), data-driven analytics have proven to be valuable in understanding the complex nature of the production process, and to help us optimize our completion design and production. Some operators are taking advantage of existing data-driven know-how in the industry while others are contemplating the possibilities, and yet others have gone stray with disappointing outcomes.
The journey of data analytics in our industry has not been without pain and confusion. However, it seems that the long battle against traditionalists that view the pathway of starting with first principle physics in explaining nature more as a religion than a scientific endeavor has been largely victorious. But some still find it hard to move into the new millennium. On the other hand, amongst the enthusiasts of this new technology, the overlap between IT and Engineering and Geo-sciences has caused much confusion. Attempts to clarify such confusion have resulted in two separate SPE Technical Sections each dedicated to certain aspects of including data in our everyday operations. However, latest activities in these Technical Section point to the fact that some confusion still remains.
Large numbers of start-ups, many from areas with minimal historical relevance to the oil industry, are examining their luck and other's investments in the upstream. This has resulted in large number of claims being made with slick marketing techniques. What most of these start-ups seem to lack is actual domain expertise which has proven to be most crucial in successful implementation of data-driven solutions in our industry.
Now operators are asking what their strategy should be, to take maximum advantage of this technology. Should they develop in-house expertise or should they outsource all or part of their data-driven analytics work? Should they develop or buy the required tools? Do they need statistical and visualization tools or comprehensive workflows and solutions? Should they hire statisticians and teach them petroleum engineering, or train their existing petroleum professionals the art and science of machine learning and pattern recognition? Do we need data scientists in our workforce? Do we need “Petroleum Data Scientists," or will anyone with a background in statistics do? What is the definition of a “Petroleum Data Scientist"? The perspective on these issues that this presentation provides has been formed through more than two decades of direct experience in petroleum data-driven analytics research and development.
SPE Webinars are FREE to members courtesy of the
Shahab Mohaghegh
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY & INTELLIGENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
Shahab D. Mohaghegh, a pioneer in the application of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining in the Exploration and Production industry, is the president and CEO of Intelligent Solutions, Inc. (ISI) and Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering at West Virginia University. He holds B.S., MS, and PhD degrees in petroleum and natural gas engineering
He has authored more than 150 technical papers and carried out more than 50 projects for NOCs and IOCs. He is a SPE Distinguished Lecturer and has been featured, four times, in the Distinguished Author Series of SPE's Journal of Petroleum Technology (JPT). He is the founder of SPE's Petroleum Data-Driven Analytics Technical Section that focuses on the application of AI and data mining in the upstream. He has been honored by the U.S. Secretary of Energy for his technical contribution in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon (Macondo) incident in the Gulf of Mexico and was a member of U.S. Secretary of Energy's Technical Advisory Committee on Unconventional Resources (2008-2014). He represents the United States in the International Standard Organization (ISO) on Carbon Capture and Storage.
Web Event
11/24/2015 at 9:00 AM (EST) | 90 minutes
11/24/2015 at 9:00 AM (EST) | 90 minutes Scheduled for 90 minutes.
CEU Credit
0.15 CEU credits | Certificate available
0.15 CEU credits | Certificate available CEU Credit
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24 Season 3 Episode 16 Press Release (4:00AM – 5:00AM)
By 24 Spoilers , March 22nd, 2004
Jack Bauer gets a phone call from Stephen Saunders after Michael Amador is killed
JACK LOOSENS HIS CONTROL OF AMADOR SO HE CAN ESCAPE, CTU IMPOSES A QUARANTINE AT A LOS ANGELES HOTEL ON “24” MARCH 30 ON FOX
9 Originals in a Row to Season Finale
Jack loosens his control of Amador in order to find out who he’s working for. Meanwhile, one of 12 vials containing the virus has been planted inside a Los Angeles hotel, prompting CTU to impose a total quarantine of the building in the episode “Day 3: 4:00 AM – 5:00 AM” Tuesday, March 30 (9:00-10:00 PM ET/PT) on FOX. (TWF-316) (TV-14; V) Note: this episode begins nine in a row to the season finale in May.
Cast: Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer, Dennis Haysbert as President David Palmer, Elisha Cuthbert as Kimberly Bauer, Reiko Aylesworth as Michelle Dessler, Carlos Bernard as Tony Almeida, James Badge Dale as Chase Edmunds.
Guest Cast: DB Woodside as Wayne Palmer, Mary Lynn Rajskub as Chloe, Zachary Quinto as Adam Kaufman, Greg Ellis as Michael Amador, Penny Johnson Jerald as Sherry Palmer, Paul Schulze as Ryan Chappelle, Lothaire Bluteau as Marcus Alvers, Jesse Borrego as Gael, Paul Blackthorne as Stephen Saunders, Doug Savant as Craig Phillips, J D Cullum as Bruce Margolis.
Related Topics · 24 Season 3, Press Release, 24 Season 3 Press Releases, 3x16
By 24 Spoilers , February 2nd, 2004
CHASE CONFRONTS JACK ABOUT BEING KEPT OUT OF THE PLAN, NINA CAUSES DAMAGE AT CTU ON AN ALL-NEW “24” FEB. 10 ON FOX Chase confronts Jack as to why he wasn’t included in the plans for obtaining the virus and Jack explains the brutal truth about what it takes to be a CTU agent. Also,… View Article
24 Season 3 Episode 23 Press Release (11:00AM – 12:00PM)
SAUNDERS TELLS JACK 11 VIALS OF VIRUS WILL BE RELEASED, SHERRY MAKES HER MOVE TO BE MRS. PALMER AGAIN ON “24” MAY 18 ON FOX Saunders tells Jack that the remaining 11 vials containing the virus are to be released within the hour. Meanwhile, Sherry makes a play to be Mrs. David Palmer once again… View Article
By 24 Spoilers , April 7th, 2004
JACK LOOKS TO TAKE THE UPPER HAND IN DEALING WITH SAUNDERS, CTU SEARCHES FOR HOTEL GUEST WHO ESCAPED ON “24” TUESDAY, APRIL 20 ON FOX With Saunders now calling the shots, Jack looks to create a surprise of his own to gain the upper hand. Meanwhile, CTU is hot on the trail of a hotel… View Article
24 Spoilers » 24 Season 3 » 24 Season 3 Episode 16 Press Release (4:00AM – 5:00AM)
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Europe’s New Lie: Comparing Asylum Shelters to Nazi Concentration Camps
BCF : In the current crisis, governments, NGOs, charities and the media have all embraced migrants in the millions, and welcomed them with open arms. The Jews during the Second World War -- most of whom were turned away, turned in, or betrayed by all European governments -- were not so fortunate.
All of Europe's efforts have been devoted to rescuing migrants: on borders, at sea and in cities that host asylum centers. Such distinctions, however, are apparently not enough: the immigration question must become a new ideology, like a religion.
That seems why there is an orchestrated attempt by large segments of the establishment to turn Europe's rescue operations into a "new Holocaust". Questioning them must become a taboo. Even Pope Francis, who compared a center for migrants to "concentration camps", adopted this nonsense. Despite Muslims historically having been the most aggressive colonizers, Europe's élites have come to idealize them due to a mix of demographic decline, misconception of Islam, self-hate for the Western culture and a fatal, romanticized attraction for the decolonized Third World people. In the current crisis, governments, NGOs, charities and the media have all embraced migrants in the millions, and welcomed them with open arms.
The Jews during the Second World War -- most of whom were turned away, turned in, or betrayed by all European governments -- were not so fortunate. All of Europe's efforts have been devoted to rescuing migrants: on borders, at sea and in cities that host asylum centers. Such distinctions, however, are apparently not enough: the immigration question must become a new ideology, like a religion. That seems why there is an orchestrated attempt by large segments of the establishment to turn Europe's rescue operations into a "new Holocaust".
Questioning them must become a taboo. Even Pope Francis, who compared a center for migrants to "concentration camps", adopted this nonsense. Despite Muslims historically having been the most aggressive colonizers, Europe's élites have come to idealize them due to a mix of demographic decline, misconception of Islam, self-hate for the Western culture and a fatal, romanticized attraction for the decolonized Third World people.
Read it all here......................
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Luke Combs Talks No. 1 Hits, Growing Fanbase and Songwriting: ‘It’s Getting Better All the Time’
Carena Liptak
Between two back-to-back No. 1 singles, two sold-out shows at the Ryman Auditorium and his first-ever headlining tour, it's been a blockbuster year for Luke Combs. The 27-year-old North Carolina and songwriters Ray Fulcher and Jordan Walker recently sat down with The Boot and other reporters to discuss how success has changed their lives and their songwriting processes.
"The first time [you get a No. 1 hit], you never expect it to happen. Then it does, and you're thinking, 'Wow, I could do this again,'" Combs explains. "So when you do do it again, it's just as awesome the second time, but it's a little realer."
Combs' debut single "Hurricane" hit No. 1 in May of 2017. That fall, Combs achieved another hit with his follow-up single "When It Rains It Pours." Although it was the singer's second No. 1 hit, it was the first time either of the song's co-writers had nabbed a song at the top of the charts.
"It actually went No. 1 on my birthday," Fulcher recalls. "I was with another songwriter, and I told him the song had gone No. 1, and he was like, 'Welcome to the club!' I just hope I can get one next year on my birthday, too."
Both writers have plans to splurge a bit in celebration: "I bought an engagement ring," Fulcher continues. "My fiancee's here today, and she's sporting a big ol' ring, so thanks, Luke, for that!"
Adds Walker, "Me and Luke always talk about trucks. I would actually really like a [Ford] Raptor truck. Might do that. But no engagement rings for me."
Since the success of the two singles, Combs has noticed his fanbase expanding, particularly in terms of the amount of women who come out to shows.
"It was a little surprising because I've always been pretty dude-centric ... The fanbase has taken on a broader shape since "Hurricane" came out, though, and that's a good thing. It opens up possibilities not only performance-wise, but writing-wise, too," Combs sharers. "We're going to be able to do things we couldn't have done before now that we have those demographics. It's getting better all the time."
The trio says they took a fun-loving approach to writing "When It Rains It Pours": "We were talking about how we've all been in a situation where you don't realize you want to get out [of a relationship] until you do, and we played on that," Combs explains. "I don't think these things have to be horrible all the time. I'm sure it's always terrible for someone, but we wanted to have fun with it."
Adds Fulcher, "There's so many songs about heartbreak in the world -- some great ones, don't get me wrong -- but we wanted to do something tongue-in-cheek, something danceable. Don't tell a sad story -- tell a good story."
NEXT: Hear Luke Combs' New Song 'Beer Never Broke My Heart'
Source: Luke Combs Talks No. 1 Hits, Growing Fanbase and Songwriting: ‘It’s Getting Better All the Time’
Filed Under: Luke Combs
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Maddie & Tae Promise Second Album Will Be Raw, Honest and Relatable
Maddie & Tae aren't going to start clamming up now. The "Friends Don't" singers recently sat down with Radio Disney Country to talk music and life, and in this exclusive Taste of Country premiere you'll learn what they have in mind for their second studio album.
"The more raw and honest your are with the good, bad and ugly, people connect to that," Maddie Marlow says. "And so that's kind of what we want to always do is be really relatable."
Songs like "Sierra," "Girl in a Country Song" and "After the Storm Goes Through" definitely did that on Maddie & Tae's debut album Start Here (2015). They weren't even 20 years old at that time, so of course they're going to be writing and singing about different things now.
"When we made our first record it was a lot of experiences like moving away from home and being in high school and a lot of our younger years. Now we're in our 20s and we feel like we're in those very pivotal young woman years."
There's love and love lost. "Trying on Rings" is the name of a song that looks to relate to getting engaged, something Marlow is more than happy to talk about. In this video she shows off the rock, and Tae Dye seems to be just as excited! Marlow and Jonah Font got engaged in the spring.
"Friends Don't" is the first single from the still untitled album from the duo. It's a "what are we?" kind of love song on a project that promises to fully explore relationships.
These Female Country Artists Are Making a Difference in 2018
Source: Maddie & Tae Promise Second Album Will Be Raw, Honest and Relatable
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post traumatic stress syndrome 3 articles pstd in the forensic arena,military pstd and then pstd simple article (open to read for the public) may 2019 ks
Submitted by Unregistered User on Tue, 05/14/2019 - 00:45
I. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), once called shell shock or battle fatigue, is a mental health problem that can occur following the direct experience or witnessing of life- threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults. PTSD is a medically recognized anxiety disorder that occurs in normal individuals under extremely stressful conditions. Most people who experience a traumatic event will have reactions that may include shock, anger, nervousness, fear, and even guilt. These reactions are common and for most people go away over time. People who suffer from PTSD often relive the experience over and over again through a range of symptoms (e.g., nightmares and uncontrollable thoughts, difficulty sleeping, and feeling detached or estranged from other people), and these symptoms can be severe enough and can last long enough to significantly affect the person’s quality of life and ability to function (Veterans Healthcare Administration, 2011; United States Department of Veteran Affairs, n.d.).
For individuals suffering from PTSD, the area of the brain that processes emotions is also more likely to be triggered by stimuli, regardless of whether the stimulus has anything to do with the original trauma. These biologically based body-changes that occur with PTSD help explain why a veteran might react to noises differently, such as fireworks or a helicopter flying overhead or certain odors, textures, climates, and situations. As a result of these PTSD-related biological changes, the ability to tell the difference between a real threat and a perceived threat can be impaired (National Alliance of Mental Illness [NAMI], 2011).
Signs and symptoms of PTSD occur most frequently within 3 months of the traumatic experience but can often be delayed for years. The severity and duration of PTSD can vary greatly among people but the symptoms can usually fit into three main categories including:
Reliving (Re-experiencing):
• Reliving the ordeal through thoughts and memories of the trauma.
• Flashbacks, hallucinations, and nightmares.
• Physical reactions to triggers that symbolize or resemble the event (NAMI, 2011).
Avoiding (Feeling numb, Hypoarousal):
• Avoiding people, places, thoughts, or situations that may remind him/her of the trauma.
• Feelings of detachment and isolation from friends and family, as well as a loss of interest in things the person once enjoyed.
• Difficulty thinking about the long-term future. Sometimes this is expressed in an inability to plan for the future or risk-taking because the individual may not see themselves living a full lifespan (NAMI, 2011).
Increased Arousal (Hyperarousal):
• Includes excessive emotions; problems relating to others, including feeling or showing affection; difficulty falling or staying asleep; irritability; outbursts of anger; difficulty concentrating; and being “jumpy” or easily startled.
• The person may also suffer physical symptoms, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, and diarrhea (WebMD, 2012).
Katrine sackett32463 info: internet article
I. Introduction Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a stress and anxiety condition that results from exposure to an overwhelming traumatic event combined with feelings of utter helplessness ( self-hatred.) .1 At the most general level, PTSD exists when the trauma resurfaces over time in intrusive ways causing disruption in a person’s thoughts and behaviors.
(A response to a triggering event causes a physiological response in which “adrenaline . . . becomes a neurotransmitter which overrides the decision making and executive processes of [the] cerebral cortex, or
smart brain.”122 While it is possible to decrease a response in the beginning stages using relaxation techniques, the lack of effective and early intervention usually leads to a period of heightened arousal that
lasts between three-and-a-half to four days.123 In such a state, concentration and communication become impaired and intrusive thoughts increase.1249(2009] ATTORNEY AS PTSD FIRST-RESPONDER 169))
(In the most general terms, “Triggers can come through any of the senses and include sounds, sights, tastes, and smells.” Id.)
(An anniversary date of a traumatic event can also bring back thoughts, feelings, and physical reactions related to the trauma. For instance, a veteran may experience an “anniversary reaction” or an increase in posttraumatic stress symptoms at Thanksgiving, as she recalls a mortar blast that happened on Thanksgiving Day, killing one of her buddies. Anniversary reactions can cause intense peaks in anxiety or depression and may occur even before [the Soldier] consciously remembers that a particular traumatic event even happened on that date.)
(Whether an undiagnosed client’s condition resulted from Delayed Onset PTSD, which was dormant for months before its symptoms surfaced,14 or the client’s intentional efforts to mask her symptoms in an effort to appear strong or loyal (uncommon access to the client’s decision processes, personal history, and behavior, a combination of which can easily reveal PTSD symptoms)
(Many attorneys may not desire PTSD first responder status because the title implies a responsibility to “respond” to matters normally in the domain of licensed clinicians.18 Even for those few attorneys who do litigate matters facially related to PTSD, such as in the defense to a criminal charge or efforts to obtain disability benefits, 19 the condition is normally addressed solely through expert witnesses with the responsibility of diagnosis falling exclusively on the shoulders of the trained clinician)
(The resulting lack of concern for or knowledge of the effects of this disorder create a substantial risk that the attorney will be misled into believing that a client with PTSD either does not have the disorder or is not impaired by it.27 Through this limited frame, even a well-meaning attorney can unknowingly contribute to the aggravation of a client’s condition while believing she has fully satisfied her professional responsibilities.28 In fact, attorneys who fail to acknowledge their clients’ PTSD symptoms or counter the effects of stress responses can cause harm beyond their clients’ legal cause. Chief among other potential harms, the compounded stress of litigation alone can increase the risk of suicidal behavior.29)
(Even a civilian who has never deployed to combat will face harmful stress responses to litigation, which can sometimes last for months, causing lack of sleep, depression, and other undesirable symptoms.34 For a
population already susceptible to taking their own lives due to PTSD, clients who suffer from PTSD will face heightened stress and anxiety.)
(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a condition caused by an over whelming traumatic event that “distressingly recurs” in various manifestations leading to impairment lasting more than a month.38 Although the Text Revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV-TR) recognizes PTSD as a “stress disorder,” the condition “contains the components of both stress and anxiety.”39 Anxiety is most apparent in the “chronic feeling of dread, apprehension, and hypervigilance” experienced by victims of PTSD.40)
(43 While “the symptoms of PTSD are part of the normal reaction to trauma,”44 the symptoms translate into Acute Stress Disorder when experienced for four weeks, Acute PTSD when they last beyond four weeks, and Chronic PTSD when they persist beyond three months.45)
(When left untreated, PTSD can lead veterans to behave irresponsibly, impulsively, violently, and self-destructively, which has created significant concern for their own well-being and the well-being of others.)
(The link between PTSD and criminal activity is also well documented.64 Commonly, veterans with the disorder knowingly participate in dangerous behavior in attempts to recreate the rush of combat.65 This could include anything from driving at extremely fast speeds,66 to provoking road rage,67 and starting fist-fights.68 While the use of illegal narcotics can also supply a desired adrenaline rush that simulates combat, drug abuse is also common among those who desire to escape feelings of guilt or shame over losses they suffered in combat.69 Ultimately, criminal activity can result from (1) Overreaction to danger cues; (2) Behavioral re-experiencing while in a dissociative state; (3) Stimulation-seeking behavior to overcome numbness and emotional nonreactivity; and (4) Engaging in dangerous behavior to alleviate survivor guilt.70 The above “flashback” scenario in number two, which is commonly cited in legal publications, is quite possible71 but hardly demonstrates all possible criminal manifestations of PTSD. For many of these reasons, “military trial practitioners are likely to encounter PTSD in some fashion in future trials involving combat veterans.”)
(Victims experiencing PTSD may have extreme difficulty concentrating, feel constantly on guard or jumpy, and experience unpredictable outbursts of rage.”).
(“Forensic stress disorder” (FSD), which contains many of the same diagnostic criteria as PTSD,99 manifests symptoms that include obsessive thinking, panic attacks, fear, and “intrusive thoughts of the legal case [that] can invade daily activities and disrupt evening dreams.”100 However, the symptoms of FSD normally persist six months or less following the conclusion of the legal action.101 Importantly, the client who is already suffering from PTSD prior to litigation is far more likely to experience acute stress reactions to litigation, which can “lead to an inability to manage the uncertainty and frustration of the legal process.”102)
(The avoidance of the triggers by the defendant who has self-inflicted PTSD)
(Additionally, the accused is forced throughout the pretrial and trial stages of a criminal prosecution to relive, often as a passive spectator, the traumatic experience of the crime through the testimony of witnesses, photographs, exhibits, and legal arguments. All of these circumstances, routine to the criminal trial
process, have the potential to stimulate and aggravate the accused’s PTSD.104)
(“Criminal and similar kinds of legal proceedings are intensely stressful and can create feelings of fear, anxiety, and depression.”).
(101 Cohen & Vesper, supra note 34, at 4 (“Although litigants may suffer symptoms found in individuals diagnosed with acute or posttraumatic stress disorder, the psychological disturbance for litigants usually abates within six months after the legal case has concluded.”).
(102 Id. at 14 (“[I]ndividuals who witnessed violent or life threatening-events as well as those people who were involved in traumatic accidents prior to litigation experience acute stress reactions.”).
(Among immigrants applying for asylum or victims of domestic violence, for example, it is valuable to assist clients in regaining a sense of lost control)
(Lack of trust of others and self-destructive tendencies, which are common characteristics of PTSD,)
(Since self-abuse is common among trauma victims, you may see it acted out in the form of settlement suggestions that are self-defeating or self-destructive behaviors such as not showing up for court appearances.”113 Attorneys must be prepared to explore aspects of the client’s legal decision-making process— objectives, prioritization of issues, and the weighing and balancing of decisions—to identify the presence of otherwise unseen distorting forces. In the strategic vernacular, the attorney must endeavor to get inside the client’s defective OODA loop, and counter it with in a way that permits effective evaluation of legal options.114 Too often, combat veterans who experience a traumatic event suffer from shattered beliefs about the world around them.11)
(recognizing that traumatic stress has the ability to “shatter necessary and deeply held beliefs”); Decker, supra note 65, at 31 (observing that “[t]he very nature of trauma is such that it attacks our basic beliefs and challenges our processes of accommodation and assimilation” and that “most trauma survivors’ beliefs (including combat veterans’) are deconstructed and set into disarray”).
1. Exposure Therapy is based on the theory that a patient with PTSD will benefit from re-experiencing trauma in a controlled environment where his or her fears can be explored with the guidance of a nonthreatening clinician.129 In a very real way, lawyers engage in exposure therapy when they take reluctant clients or witnesses to visit a courtroom and sit in the witness chair to aid in easing the anxiety of providing live testimony. Some clinicians have hailed exposure therapy as the most effective among the treatment choices.130 Prolonged Exposure (PE) is a popular and effective method in which patients “vividly imagine” traumatic events, by speaking or writing about them, often in the first-person, present tense format, with a focus on “the most distressing aspects.”131 Patients then revisit their accounts, which are either written or recorded, and observe subtle differences in the way the event is recounted over time.132 By revisiting the event with the guidance of the clinician, the patient is able to develop more accurate statements or images over time. Studies reveal that PE can have as much as a 70% success rate in reducing PTSD symptoms after nine sessions of treatment.133 Attorneys should seek to learn whether a client is receiving exposure therapy treatment at the time of legal counseling. By synchronizing calendars with the clinician, the attorney can avoid scheduling meetings close in time to the days when the client will revisit vivid traumatic experiences.
Another form of clinician-supervised exposure therapy includes:
Virtual Reality (VR) Therapy, which exposes veterans to computersimulated images that resemble their own traumatic experience.134 Virtual environments commonly depict streets, homes, and scenes encountered in Iraq.135 In some pilot programs, clinicians can reproduce smells common to combat environments and other effects that make the experience extremely realistic.136 Virtual Reality programs are not yet mainstream, but attorneys in the near future may represent clients undergoing PE or VR clinical trials during the course of the representation.
2. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) involves clinical exploration of the link between the client’s distorted thoughts and his maladaptive behavior.137 During CBT, a therapist helps the client explore these links by making the client complete charts and other written assignments.138 133 E. The goal is to assist the client in challenging faulty assumptions or beliefs and to permit the client to adopt corrected beliefs.139 Scholars describe a “feedback loop” that explains how unchecked thoughts can result in ongoing impairments: In the case of painful feelings, a negative feedback loop becomes an “event,” the subject of further thoughts, which produce more painful feelings, which become a larger event inspiring more negative thoughts, and so on. The loop continues until you work yourself into a rage, an anxiety attack, or a deep depression.140 Cognitive Behavior Therapy practitioners use a common three column “A-B-C Worksheet” to identify the interrelationship of thoughts, situations, and feelings.141
(PTSD victems often experience emotions first, without seriously considering their thoughts,143 )
Specialist Melvin’s thought above (“These kids have an IED or this is an ambush,”) can represent three of eight types of distorted thinking— “overgeneralization,” “catastrophizing,” or “magnifying”—which are defined in Figure 2, below.146
Fig. 2. Eight Forms of Distorted Thinking
Distorted thoughts commonly associated with PTSD, and which could influence legal representation, include the following:
1. Filtering: You focus on the negative details while ignoring all the positive aspects of a situation.
2. Polarized Thinking: Things are black or white, good or bad. You have to be perfect or you’re a failure. There’s no middle ground, no room for mistakes.
3. Overgeneralization: You reach a general conclusion based on a single incident or piece of evidence. You exaggerate the frequency of problems and use negative global labels.
4. Mind Reading: Without their saying so, you know what people are feeling and why they act the way they do. In particular, you have certain knowledge of how people think and feel about you.
5. Catastrophizing: You expect, even visualize, disaster. You notice or hear about a problem and start asking, “What if?” What if tragedy strikes? What if it happens to you?
6. Magnifying: You exaggerate the degree or intensity of a problem. You turn up the volume on anything bad, making it loud, large, and overwhelming.
7. Personalization: You assume that everything people do or say is some kind of
reaction to you. You also compare yourself to others, trying to determine who is smarter, more competent, better looking, and so on.
8. Shoulds: You have a list of ironclad rules about how you and other people should act. People who break the rules anger you, and you feel guilty when you violate the rules.
• “It’s not worth my time and energy to plan for the future because I may be redeployed”147
• “I never think beyond today, much less tomorrow or the next day. I won’t live much longer.”148
• “Grieving means I’m weak.”149
• “If I move on with my life, I will stop thinking about those I lost.”
150 With knowledge of such limitations, the client can conduct further self analysis, acting as a personal scientist, to substitute dysfunctional thoughts with more productive ones. 151 The process can work equally well in permitting the client to evaluate errors in the interpretation of legal advice
146 MCKAY ET AL., supra note 140, at 32 (“Summary”). These eight patterns represent most of the dysfunctional thoughts exhibited by patients, although they might go by different names. Elsewhere,
ATTORNEYS AS FIRST-RESPONDERS: RECOGNIZING THE DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ON THE COMBAT VETERAN’S* LEGAL
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS†
Captain Evan R. Seamone‡
From Katrine Elizabeth Sackett32463 whitelady (5’3)(5’21/2) page 1 of 4
Information found in article named above Look and find easily under google Feb 2019
Loss of military benefits and medical coverage and care and other (veterans benefits)
Consider, for example, the trial defense counsel who advises an active duty
servicemember regarding nonjudicial punishment. The attorney may believe that the
issue is isolated, and fail to detect a pattern of conduct related to symptoms of PTSD. If
the client continues to engage in risky behavior related to symptoms of the untreated
condition, the recidivism could lead to a discharge under other than honorable conditions
that eliminates or substantially limits his ability to receive necessary medical treatment
upon separation, even if he is diagnosed with PTSD at the time. E.g., 38 C.F.R. § 3.12(b)
(2009) (barring eligibility for veterans’ benefits under several circumstances related to
misconduct or characterization of discharge unless the veteran was “insane at the time of
committing the offense”); Brittany Cvetanovich & Larkin Reynolds, Note, Joshua Omvig
Veterans Suicide Prevention Act of 2007, 45 HARV. J. ON LEGIS. 619, 634 (2008)
(“Receiving a less-than-honorable discharge, even for offenses linked to PTSD (such as
drug abuse, being absent without leave, and assault), renders a veteran ineligible to
receive medical benefits.”); Amy N. Fairweather, Compromised Care: The Limited
Availability and Questionable Quality of Health Care for Recent Veterans, 35 HUM. RTS.
2, 24 (2008) (observing the “limited eligibility for federal benefits” and a “particularly
cruel outcome for many veterans who suffer from PTSD and are kicked out of the
military for behavior stemming from their combat injury”). All the while, the attorney,
who had no knowledge of PTSD symptoms, could go on thinking that she did everything
within her power and responsibility to assist the client when she counseled him on the
legal issues related to the initial minor infraction.
29 Savitsky, supra note 12, at 333 (“When mental health issues are not addressed, the
results may be deadly.”); id. (“Without treatment and support, PTSD-related stress may
lead to divorce, substance abuse, family violence, unemployment . . . and other related
issues that can have a lasting, detrimental effect on family life and society.”). See
generally Cvetanovich & Reynolds, supra note 28, at 620 (“Numerous studies have
linked suicide to PTSD and other mental illnesses.”).
30 E.g., Chuck Crumbo, Military Moms Meet on Somber Occasion; Gold Star Mother
Chapter Opens in Columbia, HERALD (Rock Hill, S.C.), Aug. 2, 2009, at 28 (observing
that, in 2008, “[t]hrough mid-July, 129 soldiers had died from suicide, exceeding the
combat death toll”).
31 Compare Grace Vuoto, Wounds of War; Army Suicides at Record Pace, WASH. TIMES,
July 2, 2009, at B02 (predicting a suicide rate in which “the tally for 2009 will likely
eclipse last year’s total of 140 suicides, the highest rate since the Pentagon began
recording suicide rates 28 years ago”), with Mark Mueller & Tomãis Dinges, The
Wounds Within: Suicide in the Military, STAR LEDGER (Newark, N.J.), Nov. 22, 2009, at
1 (noting that by October 2009, the Marine Corps matched its prior year’s suicide record
of forty-two and by 16 November 2009, the Army had matched its own record of 140
cases); see also Elizabeth A. Stanley & Amishi P. Jha, Mind Fitness: Improving
Operational Effectiveness and Building Warrior Resilience, 8 JOINT FORCE Q. 144, 144
(2009) (noting “the growing number of suicides, with the Marine Corps experiencing
1 page of 1
Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2005 Oct; 2(10): 21–24.
Published online 2005 Oct.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Within the Forensic Arena
Charles A. Morgan, MD, MA, Seth Feuerstein, MD, JD, Frank Fortunati, MD, JD, Vladimir Coric, MD, Humberto Temporini, MD, and Steven Southwick, MD
Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer
In this piece, we discuss the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within the forensic context of civil and criminal litigation. Although most psychiatrists are familiar with PTSD and with making a diagnosis of PTSD in a clinical setting, many are unaware that their typical clinical approach, when used in the context of legal proceedings, can lead to problems.
The main source of difficulty lies in the clinician's failure to recognize that there are significant differences between clinical and forensic concerns. In the clinical setting, the primary concern is one of providing relief and care. The clinical doctor-patient relationship is a supportive one wherein the doctor generally assumes the patient is honest, forthcoming when providing the history of illness or symptoms, and interested in treatment.
By contrast, most clients who are evaluated for PTSD by forensic examiners are participating in the evaluation because it has been requested by an attorney or by the court. The primary goal of most people being evaluated for PTSD in this context is to persuade the examiner that they [the plaintiffs] have suffered serious psychological injury and, as a result, are deserving of compensation. In the case of criminal defendants, the primary goal is usually to convince the examiner that they are not culpable for their actions due to their PTSD [an insanity defense] or that they are, due to their condition of PTSD, eligible for a more lenient view in the eyes of the court [a less serious sentence; this is often referred to as ‘mitigation' or ‘downward departure']. Thus, the relationship in this context is quite different: The person is not interviewed as a patient, and there is no assumption on the part of the physician that the interviewee is entirely honest or forthcoming when providing information. Further, the explicit purpose of the evaluation is not treatment; it is to establish whether the person does indeed suffer from PTSD, and if so, to describe for the court, the degree of impairment (past or present) that is caused by the condition.
So what do we do differently in a forensic evaluation?
Establish Whether or not There are Verifiable Traumatic Events
Current diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV-TR) require that in order for a person to meet criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD, he or she first must have been exposed to a traumatic event. This is referred to as Criterion A. Specifically, this means that a person must have been exposed to an event during which 1) there was a serious, imminent threat to his or her life, his or her physical integrity, or to that of others; and 2) he or she experienced a sense of fear, helplessness, or horror. If an event does not meet these criteria, a person is NOT evaluated for PTSD in relationship to the event. [NOTE: The large number of ‘recovered memory' cases reported in the 1990s provided robust evidence that it is both unwise and dangerous for professionals to work ‘backward' by using symptoms reported by the client as evidence for a traumatic event.]
Not Everything Bad that Happens is a Trauma
Although it may seem obvious that there is an identifiable traumatic event to which the person was exposed, this is not always the case. Numerous events [such as loss of one's job or one's home or being diagnosed with a serious or incurable medical condition] can be highly distressing but do not meet criteria as traumatic events in that there was no imminent risk to a person's physical integrity or life. The only way to sort out this issue is by obtaining as much data as possible.
If you are asked to evaluate a civil PTSD claim, you should ask for as much documentation about the traumatic event as you can, such as accident reports, photographs, police accounts, and medical documents from that time. In addition, you should ask the plaintiff or the attorney for the names of individuals with whom you might be able to speak who may have witnessed the event or who interacted with the person shortly after the event. These sources of information can be very helpful when making a judgment about whether or not the event qualifies as a traumatic event.
In criminal PTSD cases, it can be more difficult to obtain data about reported traumatic events owing to the fact that the index trauma [i.e., the event that caused PTSD] often predates the criminal event by a number of years. Nevertheless we believe that a serious attempt to verify the existence of the traumatic event is warranted. If you are asked to assess a defendant who claims to suffer from a condition of combat-related PTSD, you and the defendant's attorney should make contact with the Department of Veterans Affairs in order to verify that the veteran was actually in combat. Similarly, if a defendant claims PTSD from sexual abuse or assault, an effort should be made to seek out objective evidence for the traumatic event. If none is available, it is wise to be explicit about this when rendering an expert opinion.
Use Structured Interviewing Techniques
At present, the gold standard in PTSD assessment is the Clinician Assessed PTSD Scale (CAPS) (DSM-IV version). Indeed, a CAPS evaluation is currently the normative basis for diagnosis or treatment response in most scientific studies of PTSD. The CAPS is a semistructured interview that is extremely useful in documenting the intensity and frequency of PTSD symptoms. It is performed for each traumatic event in a person's history that meets Criterion A (DSM-IV) requirements. Some training on the instrument is required, but we believe most experts will find that the time required is worth the effort. The CAPS structures the interview so that the expert is able to obtain the greatest amount of detail about each of the symptom categories of PTSD. In addition it can be great help in making an assessment about the degree of severity and functional impairment caused by the illness. In our experience, individuals who genuinely suffer from PTSD have little difficulty generating numerous examples of their symptoms whereas individuals who are feigning or exaggerating their symptoms provide a narrow range of stereotypical responses. Semistructured interviewing has been around for more than two decades. The CAPS, like the SCID, has proven to be reliable and valid. The use of highly rigorous assessment instruments in the forensic setting reduces the likelihood of false positive and false negative findings. This is, in part, due to the fact that the detailed information obtained during the CAPS interview can be compared with the information obtained from work records, school records, and interviews with people who know the examinee in various contexts.
In addition to the use of the CAPS, other semistructured assessments, such as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [SCID]) can be very valuable when performing a forensic PTSD evaluation. It is extremely common for people with PTSD to suffer from additional psychiatric disorders (such as affective disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and alcohol-related disorders). The SCID can be extremely helpful in rendering an opinion that is based on data and not on clinical guesswork. Similarly, although many experts do not request standardized psychological testing, such as the MMPI-2, Millon, or IQ, it often can be very helpful to the expert who is performing a PTSD evaluation for the court. Such testing can be helpful to the expert when he or she is making judgments about the examinee's style of coping, degree of effort, or degree of impairment.
Traumatic Memories: Not Indelible and Not Reliable
Many professionals have assumed that because people who suffer from PTSD experience intrusive thoughts, nightmares, or flashbacks about their traumatic events,that memory for trauma is relatively indelible and stable over time. Indeed, a large number of mental health professionals often believe that the ‘gist' of one's memory is true, which results in the conclusion that what the patient or client remembers must in fact be true. Over the past 10 years, a number of studies have provided evidence that memories for traumatic events are not indelible, but subject to substantial change over time. Further, we now know that high levels of stress may disrupt human memory. The bottom line about memory is this: While the veracity of a memory for traumatic events may not matter within the clinical context, it may matter a great deal in the forensic context. At the present time, forensic experts do not have an objective test that would let us know which memories are likely to be accurate and which are not. We know, based on good science, that neither a person's level of confidence in his or her memory nor the level of detail he or she provides when reporting such memories are reliable indicators of truth or accuracy. Thus, at present we recommend mental health professionals and experts refrain from commenting on the ‘accuracy' of memory and refrain from using memories as evidence for objective facts. Unless the reported memories can be paired with valid, corroborative, objective evidence, it is unwise to consider traumatic memories as reliable or valid indicators of external events.
Causality and Responsibility
In civil cases, it is often the case that plaintiffs who are claiming to suffer PTSD from the event before the court have also suffered from previous traumatic events. When this occurs, the expert is faced with the challenge of separating out the degree of impairment caused by previous traumas from that caused by the event before the court. When performing a psychiatric evaluation, it is vital that one assess a traumatic event's history prior to performing the CAPS. The CAPS is then conducted for each event that meets the Criterion A definition for a traumatic event. The CAPS scoring system permits a rating of PTSD severity for each traumatic event. Coupled with the information obtained from interviews with people who knew the plaintiff prior to and after the traumatic event before the court, this data can assist the expert in rendering an opinion of severity to the court.
In criminal cases, a defendant may put forward a PTSD-related Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) defense. In putting forward this defense, the defendant acknowledges having committed the act, but is not criminally responsible due to his or her condition of PTSD. The symptom of PTSD that is most commonly invoked to explain why a person may lack responsibility for his or her actions is the “flashback.” Flashbacks are dissociative states brought on by a high degree of arousal or alarm during which a person may be completely or partially unaware of his or her immediate circumstances—a distortion of perception and thinking that may rob that person of the ability to accurately appreciate the nature of his or her actions with regard to the law. A trier of fact is more likely to be persuaded by an expert's psychiatric opinion if the expert can establish that the defendant has a well documented history (via medical records or third party observations) of flashbacks and the circumstances of the alleged crime are similar to the contexts in which such symptoms most often occur. The expert may inform the court if it is within a reasonable degree of medical certainty that the defendant suffered from PTSD at the time of the alleged crime. The expert may also inform the court that PTSD symptoms, such as flashbacks, may impair a person's capacity to accurately assess his or her situation and circumstances. However—and it is important to emphasize this—it is the role of the judge or the jury (not the psychiatric expert) to decide whether, at the time of the alleged crime, but for the presence of a PTSD-related flashback, the defendant would not have committed the crime.
The most common reason for which a PTSD evaluation may be requested in a criminal case is for mitigation. When deciding on the sentence a person receives, judges may often take into consideration mitigating factors, such as the presence of psychiatric illness. Judges want to know, among other things, whether the person suffers from a psychiatric condition, the severity of the condition, the degree of impairment caused by the condition, and whether or not treatment is necessary for the condition. By providing this type of psychiatric information to the court, the expert may have a significant impact on the sentence a person will receive.
In this article we only have addressed some of the issues related to assessing and diagnosing PTSD in the forensic context of civil and criminal proceedings. In future articles, we hope to address non-PTSD related psychiatric problems that may arise in victims of trauma.________________________________________Articles from Psychiatry (Edgmont) are provided here courtesy of Matrix Medical Communications
NOTE: this is not always the case ----in some cases being sent to a mental hospital can be more of a sentence already because legal system (jails/police/sheriff/courts) sent you there when what you have done or charged with don’t meet the written form of the law like the manuels or other legal books legal system have themselves written up for police/courts/jails to try to follow when deciding on guilt or not guilty of the accused and when you don’t meet those written form of laws then you get sent to a mental hospital and that can be a worse sentence from the legal system then a sentence of going to jail as a sentence and some people see that as a worse sentence being sent to a mental hospital due to varies reasons and because of the fact their medicines have been known to cause medical conditions and staff have had accidents being careless as employee’s at work to include holding patients down which have caused patients deaths
In other cases ------being sent to a mental hospital (like others besides me meaning not me) the mental health staff as a group of staff have gotten others off a real crime a person did commit or got them a lower sentence and maybe a lower sentence then deserved to the them)
From Katrine Elizabeth sackett32463 whitelady (5’3)(5’21/2)
7101 n ih 35 austin tx 214 spring terrace apts
Date feb 28 2019
Information can be the fastest and easiest found under google
I. Posttraumatic Stress
I. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), once called shell shock or battle fatigue, is a mental health problem that can occur following the direct experience or witnessing of life- threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults. PTSD is a medically recognized anxiety disorder that occurs in normal individuals under extremely stressful conditions. Most people who experience a traumatic event will have reactions that may include shock, anger, nervousness, fear, and even guilt. These reactions are common and for most people go away over time. People who suffer from PTSD often relive the experience over and over again through a range of symptoms (e.g., nightmares and uncontrollable thoughts, difficulty sleeping, and feeling detached or estranged from other people), and these symptoms can be severe enough and can last long enough to significantly affect the person’s quality of life and ability to function (Veterans Healthcare Administration, 2011; United States Department of Veteran Affairs, n.d.). For individuals suffering from PTSD, the area of the brain that processes emotions is also more likely to be triggered by stimuli, regardless of whether the stimulus has anything to do with the original trauma. These biologically based body-changes that occur with PTSD help explain why a veteran might react to noises differently, such as fireworks or a helicopter flying overhead or certain odors, textures, climates, and situations. As a result of these PTSD-related biological changes, the ability to tell the difference between a real threat and a perceived threat can be impaired (National Alliance of Mental Illness [NAMI], 2011). Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of PTSD occur most frequently within 3 months of the traumatic experience but can often be delayed for years. The severity and duration of PTSD can vary greatly among people but the symptoms can usually fit into three main categories including: Reliving (Re-experiencing): • Reliving the ordeal through thoughts and memories of the trauma. • Flashbacks, hallucinations, and nightmares. • Physical reactions to triggers that symbolize or resemble the event (NAMI, 2011). Avoiding (Feeling numb, Hypoarousal): • Avoiding people, places, thoughts, or situations that may remind him/her of the trauma. • Feelings of detachment and isolation from friends and family, as well as a loss of interest in things the person once enjoyed. • Difficulty thinking about the long-term future. Sometimes this is expressed in an inability to plan for the future or risk-taking because the individual may not see themselves living a full lifespan (NAMI, 2011). Increased Arousal (Hyperarousal): • Includes excessive emotions; problems relating to others, including feeling or showing affection; difficulty falling or staying asleep; irritability; outbursts of anger; difficulty concentrating; and being “jumpy” or easily startled. • The person may also suffer physical symptoms, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, and diarrhea (WebMD, 2012). Katrine sackett32463 info: internet article I. Introduction Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a stress and anxiety condition that results from exposure to an overwhelming traumatic event combined with feelings of utter helplessness ( self-hatred.) .1 At the most general level, PTSD exists when the trauma resurfaces over time in intrusive ways causing disruption in a person’s thoughts and behaviors. (A response to a triggering event causes a physiological response in which “adrenaline . . . becomes a neurotransmitter which overrides the decision making and executive processes of [the] cerebral cortex, or smart brain.”122 While it is possible to decrease a response in the beginning stages using relaxation techniques, the lack of effective and early intervention usually leads to a period of heightened arousal that lasts between three-and-a-half to four days.123 In such a state, concentration and communication become impaired and intrusive thoughts increase.1249(2009] ATTORNEY AS PTSD FIRST-RESPONDER 169)) (In the most general terms, “Triggers can come through any of the senses and include sounds, sights, tastes, and smells.” Id.) (An anniversary date of a traumatic event can also bring back thoughts, feelings, and physical reactions related to the trauma. For instance, a veteran may experience an “anniversary reaction” or an increase in posttraumatic stress symptoms at Thanksgiving, as she recalls a mortar blast that happened on Thanksgiving Day, killing one of her buddies. Anniversary reactions can cause intense peaks in anxiety or depression and may occur even before [the Soldier] consciously remembers that a particular traumatic event even happened on that date.) (Whether an undiagnosed client’s condition resulted from Delayed Onset PTSD, which was dormant for months before its symptoms surfaced,14 or the client’s intentional efforts to mask her symptoms in an effort to appear strong or loyal (uncommon access to the client’s decision processes, personal history, and behavior, a combination of which can easily reveal PTSD symptoms) (Many attorneys may not desire PTSD first responder status because the title implies a responsibility to “respond” to matters normally in the domain of licensed clinicians.18 Even for those few attorneys who do litigate matters facially related to PTSD, such as in the defense to a criminal charge or efforts to obtain disability benefits, 19 the condition is normally addressed solely through expert witnesses with the responsibility of diagnosis falling exclusively on the shoulders of the trained clinician) (The resulting lack of concern for or knowledge of the effects of this disorder create a substantial risk that the attorney will be misled into believing that a client with PTSD either does not have the disorder or is not impaired by it.27 Through this limited frame, even a well-meaning attorney can unknowingly contribute to the aggravation of a client’s condition while believing she has fully satisfied her professional responsibilities.28 In fact, attorneys who fail to acknowledge their clients’ PTSD symptoms or counter the effects of stress responses can cause harm beyond their clients’ legal cause. Chief among other potential harms, the compounded stress of litigation alone can increase the risk of suicidal behavior.29) (Even a civilian who has never deployed to combat will face harmful stress responses to litigation, which can sometimes last for months, causing lack of sleep, depression, and other undesirable symptoms.34 For a population already susceptible to taking their own lives due to PTSD, clients who suffer from PTSD will face heightened stress and anxiety.) (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a condition caused by an over whelming traumatic event that “distressingly recurs” in various manifestations leading to impairment lasting more than a month.38 Although the Text Revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV-TR) recognizes PTSD as a “stress disorder,” the condition “contains the components of both stress and anxiety.”39 Anxiety is most apparent in the “chronic feeling of dread, apprehension, and hypervigilance” experienced by victims of PTSD.40) (43 While “the symptoms of PTSD are part of the normal reaction to trauma,”44 the symptoms translate into Acute Stress Disorder when experienced for four weeks, Acute PTSD when they last beyond four weeks, and Chronic PTSD when they persist beyond three months.45) (When left untreated, PTSD can lead veterans to behave irresponsibly, impulsively, violently, and self-destructively, which has created significant concern for their own well-being and the well-being of others.) (The link between PTSD and criminal activity is also well documented.64 Commonly, veterans with the disorder knowingly participate in dangerous behavior in attempts to recreate the rush of combat.65 This could include anything from driving at extremely fast speeds,66 to provoking road rage,67 and starting fist-fights.68 While the use of illegal narcotics can also supply a desired adrenaline rush that simulates combat, drug abuse is also common among those who desire to escape feelings of guilt or shame over losses they suffered in combat.69 Ultimately, criminal activity can result from (1) Overreaction to danger cues; (2) Behavioral re-experiencing while in a dissociative state; (3) Stimulation-seeking behavior to overcome numbness and emotional nonreactivity; and (4) Engaging in dangerous behavior to alleviate survivor guilt.70 The above “flashback” scenario in number two, which is commonly cited in legal publications, is quite possible71 but hardly demonstrates all possible criminal manifestations of PTSD. For many of these reasons, “military trial practitioners are likely to encounter PTSD in some fashion in future trials involving combat veterans.”) (Victims experiencing PTSD may have extreme difficulty concentrating, feel constantly on guard or jumpy, and experience unpredictable outbursts of rage.”). (“Forensic stress disorder” (FSD), which contains many of the same diagnostic criteria as PTSD,99 manifests symptoms that include obsessive thinking, panic attacks, fear, and “intrusive thoughts of the legal case [that] can invade daily activities and disrupt evening dreams.”100 However, the symptoms of FSD normally persist six months or less following the conclusion of the legal action.101 Importantly, the client who is already suffering from PTSD prior to litigation is far more likely to experience acute stress reactions to litigation, which can “lead to an inability to manage the uncertainty and frustration of the legal process.”102) (The avoidance of the triggers by the defendant who has self-inflicted PTSD) (Additionally, the accused is forced throughout the pretrial and trial stages of a criminal prosecution to relive, often as a passive spectator, the traumatic experience of the crime through the testimony of witnesses, photographs, exhibits, and legal arguments. All of these circumstances, routine to the criminal trial process, have the potential to stimulate and aggravate the accused’s PTSD.104) (“Criminal and similar kinds of legal proceedings are intensely stressful and can create feelings of fear, anxiety, and depression.”). (101 Cohen & Vesper, supra note 34, at 4 (“Although litigants may suffer symptoms found in individuals diagnosed with acute or posttraumatic stress disorder, the psychological disturbance for litigants usually abates within six months after the legal case has concluded.”). (102 Id. at 14 (“[I]ndividuals who witnessed violent or life threatening-events as well as those people who were involved in traumatic accidents prior to litigation experience acute stress reactions.”). (Among immigrants applying for asylum or victims of domestic violence, for example, it is valuable to assist clients in regaining a sense of lost control) (Lack of trust of others and self-destructive tendencies, which are common characteristics of PTSD,) (Since self-abuse is common among trauma victims, you may see it acted out in the form of settlement suggestions that are self-defeating or self-destructive behaviors such as not showing up for court appearances.”113 Attorneys must be prepared to explore aspects of the client’s legal decision-making process— objectives, prioritization of issues, and the weighing and balancing of decisions—to identify the presence of otherwise unseen distorting forces. In the strategic vernacular, the attorney must endeavor to get inside the client’s defective OODA loop, and counter it with in a way that permits effective evaluation of legal options.114 Too often, combat veterans who experience a traumatic event suffer from shattered beliefs about the world around them.11) (recognizing that traumatic stress has the ability to “shatter necessary and deeply held beliefs”); Decker, supra note 65, at 31 (observing that “[t]he very nature of trauma is such that it attacks our basic beliefs and challenges our processes of accommodation and assimilation” and that “most trauma survivors’ beliefs (including combat veterans’) are deconstructed and set into disarray”). 1. Exposure Therapy is based on the theory that a patient with PTSD will benefit from re-experiencing trauma in a controlled environment where his or her fears can be explored with the guidance of a nonthreatening clinician.129 In a very real way, lawyers engage in exposure therapy when they take reluctant clients or witnesses to visit a courtroom and sit in the witness chair to aid in easing the anxiety of providing live testimony. Some clinicians have hailed exposure therapy as the most effective among the treatment choices.130 Prolonged Exposure (PE) is a popular and effective method in which patients “vividly imagine” traumatic events, by speaking or writing about them, often in the first-person, present tense format, with a focus on “the most distressing aspects.”131 Patients then revisit their accounts, which are either written or recorded, and observe subtle differences in the way the event is recounted over time.132 By revisiting the event with the guidance of the clinician, the patient is able to develop more accurate statements or images over time. Studies reveal that PE can have as much as a 70% success rate in reducing PTSD symptoms after nine sessions of treatment.133 Attorneys should seek to learn whether a client is receiving exposure therapy treatment at the time of legal counseling. By synchronizing calendars with the clinician, the attorney can avoid scheduling meetings close in time to the days when the client will revisit vivid traumatic experiences. Another form of clinician-supervised exposure therapy includes: Virtual Reality (VR) Therapy, which exposes veterans to computersimulated images that resemble their own traumatic experience.134 Virtual environments commonly depict streets, homes, and scenes encountered in Iraq.135 In some pilot programs, clinicians can reproduce smells common to combat environments and other effects that make the experience extremely realistic.136 Virtual Reality programs are not yet mainstream, but attorneys in the near future may represent clients undergoing PE or VR clinical trials during the course of the representation. 2. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) involves clinical exploration of the link between the client’s distorted thoughts and his maladaptive behavior.137 During CBT, a therapist helps the client explore these links by making the client complete charts and other written assignments.138 133 E. The goal is to assist the client in challenging faulty assumptions or beliefs and to permit the client to adopt corrected beliefs.139 Scholars describe a “feedback loop” that explains how unchecked thoughts can result in ongoing impairments: In the case of painful feelings, a negative feedback loop becomes an “event,” the subject of further thoughts, which produce more painful feelings, which become a larger event inspiring more negative thoughts, and so on. The loop continues until you work yourself into a rage, an anxiety attack, or a deep depression.140 Cognitive Behavior Therapy practitioners use a common three column “A-B-C Worksheet” to identify the interrelationship of thoughts, situations, and feelings.141 (PTSD victems often experience emotions first, without seriously considering their thoughts,143 ) Specialist Melvin’s thought above (“These kids have an IED or this is an ambush,”) can represent three of eight types of distorted thinking— “overgeneralization,” “catastrophizing,” or “magnifying”—which are defined in Figure 2, below.146 Fig. 2. Eight Forms of Distorted Thinking Distorted thoughts commonly associated with PTSD, and which could influence legal representation, include the following: 1. Filtering: You focus on the negative details while ignoring all the positive aspects of a situation. 2. Polarized Thinking: Things are black or white, good or bad. You have to be perfect or you’re a failure. There’s no middle ground, no room for mistakes. 3. Overgeneralization: You reach a general conclusion based on a single incident or piece of evidence. You exaggerate the frequency of problems and use negative global labels. 4. Mind Reading: Without their saying so, you know what people are feeling and why they act the way they do. In particular, you have certain knowledge of how people think and feel about you. 5. Catastrophizing: You expect, even visualize, disaster. You notice or hear about a problem and start asking, “What if?” What if tragedy strikes? What if it happens to you? 6. Magnifying: You exaggerate the degree or intensity of a problem. You turn up the volume on anything bad, making it loud, large, and overwhelming. 7. Personalization: You assume that everything people do or say is some kind of reaction to you. You also compare yourself to others, trying to determine who is smarter, more competent, better looking, and so on. 8. Shoulds: You have a list of ironclad rules about how you and other people should act. People who break the rules anger you, and you feel guilty when you violate the rules. Distorted thoughts commonly associated with PTSD, and which could influence legal representation, include the following: • “It’s not worth my time and energy to plan for the future because I may be redeployed”147 • “I never think beyond today, much less tomorrow or the next day. I won’t live much longer.”148 • “Grieving means I’m weak.”149 • “If I move on with my life, I will stop thinking about those I lost.” 150 With knowledge of such limitations, the client can conduct further self analysis, acting as a personal scientist, to substitute dysfunctional thoughts with more productive ones. 151 The process can work equally well in permitting the client to evaluate errors in the interpretation of legal advice 146 MCKAY ET AL., supra note 140, at 32 (“Summary”). These eight patterns represent most of the dysfunctional thoughts exhibited by patients, although they might go by different names. Elsewhere, ATTORNEYS AS FIRST-RESPONDERS: RECOGNIZING THE DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ON THE COMBAT VETERAN’S* LEGAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS† Captain Evan R. Seamone‡ * From Katrine Elizabeth Sackett32463 whitelady (5’3)(5’21/2) page 1 of 4 Information found in article named above Look and find easily under google Feb 2019 Loss of military benefits and medical coverage and care and other (veterans benefits) Consider, for example, the trial defense counsel who advises an active duty servicemember regarding nonjudicial punishment. The attorney may believe that the issue is isolated, and fail to detect a pattern of conduct related to symptoms of PTSD. If the client continues to engage in risky behavior related to symptoms of the untreated condition, the recidivism could lead to a discharge under other than honorable conditions that eliminates or substantially limits his ability to receive necessary medical treatment upon separation, even if he is diagnosed with PTSD at the time. E.g., 38 C.F.R. § 3.12(b) (2009) (barring eligibility for veterans’ benefits under several circumstances related to misconduct or characterization of discharge unless the veteran was “insane at the time of committing the offense”); Brittany Cvetanovich & Larkin Reynolds, Note, Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act of 2007, 45 HARV. J. ON LEGIS. 619, 634 (2008) (“Receiving a less-than-honorable discharge, even for offenses linked to PTSD (such as drug abuse, being absent without leave, and assault), renders a veteran ineligible to receive medical benefits.”); Amy N. Fairweather, Compromised Care: The Limited Availability and Questionable Quality of Health Care for Recent Veterans, 35 HUM. RTS. 2, 24 (2008) (observing the “limited eligibility for federal benefits” and a “particularly cruel outcome for many veterans who suffer from PTSD and are kicked out of the military for behavior stemming from their combat injury”). All the while, the attorney, who had no knowledge of PTSD symptoms, could go on thinking that she did everything within her power and responsibility to assist the client when she counseled him on the legal issues related to the initial minor infraction. 29 Savitsky, supra note 12, at 333 (“When mental health issues are not addressed, the results may be deadly.”); id. (“Without treatment and support, PTSD-related stress may lead to divorce, substance abuse, family violence, unemployment . . . and other related issues that can have a lasting, detrimental effect on family life and society.”). See generally Cvetanovich & Reynolds, supra note 28, at 620 (“Numerous studies have linked suicide to PTSD and other mental illnesses.”). 30 E.g., Chuck Crumbo, Military Moms Meet on Somber Occasion; Gold Star Mother Chapter Opens in Columbia, HERALD (Rock Hill, S.C.), Aug. 2, 2009, at 28 (observing that, in 2008, “[t]hrough mid-July, 129 soldiers had died from suicide, exceeding the combat death toll”). 31 Compare Grace Vuoto, Wounds of War; Army Suicides at Record Pace, WASH. TIMES, July 2, 2009, at B02 (predicting a suicide rate in which “the tally for 2009 will likely eclipse last year’s total of 140 suicides, the highest rate since the Pentagon began recording suicide rates 28 years ago”), with Mark Mueller & Tomãis Dinges, The Wounds Within: Suicide in the Military, STAR LEDGER (Newark, N.J.), Nov. 22, 2009, at 1 (noting that by October 2009, the Marine Corps matched its prior year’s suicide record of forty-two and by 16 November 2009, the Army had matched its own record of 140 cases); see also Elizabeth A. Stanley & Amishi P. Jha, Mind Fitness: Improving Operational Effectiveness and Building Warrior Resilience, 8 JOINT FORCE Q. 144, 144 (2009) (noting “the growing number of suicides, with the Marine Corps experiencing 1 page of 1 Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2005 Oct; 2(10): 21–24. Published online 2005 Oct. PMCID: PMC2993515 PMID: 21120087 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Within the Forensic Arena Charles A. Morgan, MD, MA, Seth Feuerstein, MD, JD, Frank Fortunati, MD, JD, Vladimir Coric, MD, Humberto Temporini, MD, and Steven Southwick, MD Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer In this piece, we discuss the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within the forensic context of civil and criminal litigation. Although most psychiatrists are familiar with PTSD and with making a diagnosis of PTSD in a clinical setting, many are unaware that their typical clinical approach, when used in the context of legal proceedings, can lead to problems. The main source of difficulty lies in the clinician's failure to recognize that there are significant differences between clinical and forensic concerns. In the clinical setting, the primary concern is one of providing relief and care. The clinical doctor-patient relationship is a supportive one wherein the doctor generally assumes the patient is honest, forthcoming when providing the history of illness or symptoms, and interested in treatment. By contrast, most clients who are evaluated for PTSD by forensic examiners are participating in the evaluation because it has been requested by an attorney or by the court. The primary goal of most people being evaluated for PTSD in this context is to persuade the examiner that they [the plaintiffs] have suffered serious psychological injury and, as a result, are deserving of compensation. In the case of criminal defendants, the primary goal is usually to convince the examiner that they are not culpable for their actions due to their PTSD [an insanity defense] or that they are, due to their condition of PTSD, eligible for a more lenient view in the eyes of the court [a less serious sentence; this is often referred to as ‘mitigation' or ‘downward departure']. Thus, the relationship in this context is quite different: The person is not interviewed as a patient, and there is no assumption on the part of the physician that the interviewee is entirely honest or forthcoming when providing information. Further, the explicit purpose of the evaluation is not treatment; it is to establish whether the person does indeed suffer from PTSD, and if so, to describe for the court, the degree of impairment (past or present) that is caused by the condition. So what do we do differently in a forensic evaluation? Go to: Establish Whether or not There are Verifiable Traumatic Events Current diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV-TR) require that in order for a person to meet criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD, he or she first must have been exposed to a traumatic event. This is referred to as Criterion A. Specifically, this means that a person must have been exposed to an event during which 1) there was a serious, imminent threat to his or her life, his or her physical integrity, or to that of others; and 2) he or she experienced a sense of fear, helplessness, or horror. If an event does not meet these criteria, a person is NOT evaluated for PTSD in relationship to the event. [NOTE: The large number of ‘recovered memory' cases reported in the 1990s provided robust evidence that it is both unwise and dangerous for professionals to work ‘backward' by using symptoms reported by the client as evidence for a traumatic event.] Go to: Not Everything Bad that Happens is a Trauma Although it may seem obvious that there is an identifiable traumatic event to which the person was exposed, this is not always the case. Numerous events [such as loss of one's job or one's home or being diagnosed with a serious or incurable medical condition] can be highly distressing but do not meet criteria as traumatic events in that there was no imminent risk to a person's physical integrity or life. The only way to sort out this issue is by obtaining as much data as possible. If you are asked to evaluate a civil PTSD claim, you should ask for as much documentation about the traumatic event as you can, such as accident reports, photographs, police accounts, and medical documents from that time. In addition, you should ask the plaintiff or the attorney for the names of individuals with whom you might be able to speak who may have witnessed the event or who interacted with the person shortly after the event. These sources of information can be very helpful when making a judgment about whether or not the event qualifies as a traumatic event. In criminal PTSD cases, it can be more difficult to obtain data about reported traumatic events owing to the fact that the index trauma [i.e., the event that caused PTSD] often predates the criminal event by a number of years. Nevertheless we believe that a serious attempt to verify the existence of the traumatic event is warranted. If you are asked to assess a defendant who claims to suffer from a condition of combat-related PTSD, you and the defendant's attorney should make contact with the Department of Veterans Affairs in order to verify that the veteran was actually in combat. Similarly, if a defendant claims PTSD from sexual abuse or assault, an effort should be made to seek out objective evidence for the traumatic event. If none is available, it is wise to be explicit about this when rendering an expert opinion. Go to: Use Structured Interviewing Techniques At present, the gold standard in PTSD assessment is the Clinician Assessed PTSD Scale (CAPS) (DSM-IV version). Indeed, a CAPS evaluation is currently the normative basis for diagnosis or treatment response in most scientific studies of PTSD. The CAPS is a semistructured interview that is extremely useful in documenting the intensity and frequency of PTSD symptoms. It is performed for each traumatic event in a person's history that meets Criterion A (DSM-IV) requirements. Some training on the instrument is required, but we believe most experts will find that the time required is worth the effort. The CAPS structures the interview so that the expert is able to obtain the greatest amount of detail about each of the symptom categories of PTSD. In addition it can be great help in making an assessment about the degree of severity and functional impairment caused by the illness. In our experience, individuals who genuinely suffer from PTSD have little difficulty generating numerous examples of their symptoms whereas individuals who are feigning or exaggerating their symptoms provide a narrow range of stereotypical responses. Semistructured interviewing has been around for more than two decades. The CAPS, like the SCID, has proven to be reliable and valid. The use of highly rigorous assessment instruments in the forensic setting reduces the likelihood of false positive and false negative findings. This is, in part, due to the fact that the detailed information obtained during the CAPS interview can be compared with the information obtained from work records, school records, and interviews with people who know the examinee in various contexts. In addition to the use of the CAPS, other semistructured assessments, such as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [SCID]) can be very valuable when performing a forensic PTSD evaluation. It is extremely common for people with PTSD to suffer from additional psychiatric disorders (such as affective disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and alcohol-related disorders). The SCID can be extremely helpful in rendering an opinion that is based on data and not on clinical guesswork. Similarly, although many experts do not request standardized psychological testing, such as the MMPI-2, Millon, or IQ, it often can be very helpful to the expert who is performing a PTSD evaluation for the court. Such testing can be helpful to the expert when he or she is making judgments about the examinee's style of coping, degree of effort, or degree of impairment. Go to: Traumatic Memories: Not Indelible and Not Reliable Many professionals have assumed that because people who suffer from PTSD experience intrusive thoughts, nightmares, or flashbacks about their traumatic events,that memory for trauma is relatively indelible and stable over time. Indeed, a large number of mental health professionals often believe that the ‘gist' of one's memory is true, which results in the conclusion that what the patient or client remembers must in fact be true. Over the past 10 years, a number of studies have provided evidence that memories for traumatic events are not indelible, but subject to substantial change over time. Further, we now know that high levels of stress may disrupt human memory. The bottom line about memory is this: While the veracity of a memory for traumatic events may not matter within the clinical context, it may matter a great deal in the forensic context. At the present time, forensic experts do not have an objective test that would let us know which memories are likely to be accurate and which are not. We know, based on good science, that neither a person's level of confidence in his or her memory nor the level of detail he or she provides when reporting such memories are reliable indicators of truth or accuracy. Thus, at present we recommend mental health professionals and experts refrain from commenting on the ‘accuracy' of memory and refrain from using memories as evidence for objective facts. Unless the reported memories can be paired with valid, corroborative, objective evidence, it is unwise to consider traumatic memories as reliable or valid indicators of external events. Go to: Causality and Responsibility In civil cases, it is often the case that plaintiffs who are claiming to suffer PTSD from the event before the court have also suffered from previous traumatic events. When this occurs, the expert is faced with the challenge of separating out the degree of impairment caused by previous traumas from that caused by the event before the court. When performing a psychiatric evaluation, it is vital that one assess a traumatic event's history prior to performing the CAPS. The CAPS is then conducted for each event that meets the Criterion A definition for a traumatic event. The CAPS scoring system permits a rating of PTSD severity for each traumatic event. Coupled with the information obtained from interviews with people who knew the plaintiff prior to and after the traumatic event before the court, this data can assist the expert in rendering an opinion of severity to the court. In criminal cases, a defendant may put forward a PTSD-related Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) defense. In putting forward this defense, the defendant acknowledges having committed the act, but is not criminally responsible due to his or her condition of PTSD. The symptom of PTSD that is most commonly invoked to explain why a person may lack responsibility for his or her actions is the “flashback.” Flashbacks are dissociative states brought on by a high degree of arousal or alarm during which a person may be completely or partially unaware of his or her immediate circumstances—a distortion of perception and thinking that may rob that person of the ability to accurately appreciate the nature of his or her actions with regard to the law. A trier of fact is more likely to be persuaded by an expert's psychiatric opinion if the expert can establish that the defendant has a well documented history (via medical records or third party observations) of flashbacks and the circumstances of the alleged crime are similar to the contexts in which such symptoms most often occur. The expert may inform the court if it is within a reasonable degree of medical certainty that the defendant suffered from PTSD at the time of the alleged crime. The expert may also inform the court that PTSD symptoms, such as flashbacks, may impair a person's capacity to accurately assess his or her situation and circumstances. However—and it is important to emphasize this—it is the role of the judge or the jury (not the psychiatric expert) to decide whether, at the time of the alleged crime, but for the presence of a PTSD-related flashback, the defendant would not have committed the crime. The most common reason for which a PTSD evaluation may be requested in a criminal case is for mitigation. When deciding on the sentence a person receives, judges may often take into consideration mitigating factors, such as the presence of psychiatric illness. Judges want to know, among other things, whether the person suffers from a psychiatric condition, the severity of the condition, the degree of impairment caused by the condition, and whether or not treatment is necessary for the condition. By providing this type of psychiatric information to the court, the expert may have a significant impact on the sentence a person will receive. Go to: In Closing In this article we only have addressed some of the issues related to assessing and diagnosing PTSD in the forensic context of civil and criminal proceedings. In future articles, we hope to address non-PTSD related psychiatric problems that may arise in victims of trauma.________________________________________Articles from Psychiatry (Edgmont) are provided here courtesy of Matrix Medical Communications NOTE: this is not always the case ----in some cases being sent to a mental hospital can be more of a sentence already because legal system (jails/police/sheriff/courts) sent you there when what you have done or charged with don’t meet the written form of the law like the manuels or other legal books legal system have themselves written up for police/courts/jails to try to follow when deciding on guilt or not guilty of the accused and when you don’t meet those written form of laws then you get sent to a mental hospital and that can be a worse sentence from the legal system then a sentence of going to jail as a sentence and some people see that as a worse sentence being sent to a mental hospital due to varies reasons and because of the fact their medicines have been known to cause medical conditions and staff have had accidents being careless as employee’s at work to include holding patients down which have caused patients deaths In other cases ------being sent to a mental hospital (like others besides me meaning not me) the mental health staff as a group of staff have gotten others off a real crime a person did commit or got them a lower sentence and maybe a lower sentence then deserved to the them) From Katrine Elizabeth sackett32463 whitelady (5’3)(5’21/2) 7101 n ih 35 austin tx 214 spring terrace apts Date feb 28 2019 Information can be the fastest and easiest found under google
Enter your name Your first name.
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William Findlay (governor)
For the Pennsylvania representative, see William Findley.
William Findlay
United States Senator
December 10, 1821 – March 3, 1827
Jonathan Roberts
Isaac D. Barnard
4th Governor of Pennsylvania
December 16, 1817 – December 19, 1820
Simon Snyder
Joseph Hiester
Treasurer of Pennsylvania
Thomas McKean
Isaac Weaver, Jr.
R. M. Crain
Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Mercersburg, Province of Pennsylvania, British America
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Democratic-Republican Party
Nancy Irwin (?-July 27, 1824; her death)
William Findlay (June 20, 1768 – November 12, 1846) was the fourth Governor of Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1820, and a United States Senator from 1821 to 1827.
✪ Proliferation Alert! The International Atomic Energy Agency and Non-Compliance Reporting
✪ Conversation with Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden & Archivist of the United States David Ferriero
✪ RSC 2012 Governor General Lecture Series: We Are All Treaty People: Maritime Beginnings
✪ Steven R Gerst - Dean & Chairman, Department of Health Informatics, Bryan University
✪ Track Two Part 4 Alan Sparrow, Susan Hunter-Harvey and John Sewell
1 Biography
2 Family
3 Legacy
4 Notes
6 External links
He was born in Mercersburg in the Province of Pennsylvania on June 20, 1768 to Samuel Findlay and Jane Smith. He was a brother of James Findlay and John Findlay.[1] Samuel Findlay's father, equally named Samuel Findlay, was born in County Londonderry in Ulster in 1711, settled in the Province of Pennsylvania in 1730 and died in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania in 1739.[2]
After receiving a common-school education, he became a farmer and early took part in politics as a Jeffersonian Democrat. He served as brigade inspector in the state militia, studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Franklintown, Pennsylvania. He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1797 and 1804–1807, and was state treasurer from 1807 to 1817.
In 1817, Findlay was nominated for the post of governor in the state's first open convention. He was elected governor and served until 1820. He was the first governor to lead the state from its new capital of Harrisburg, running many of the functions of government out of his own home while the new capitol building was under construction. He was defeated for re-election in 1820 by Joseph Hiester.
In 1821, he was elected as a Democratic Republican (later Jacksonian Democrat) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1821, caused by the failure of the legislature to select someone. He served from December 10, 1821, to March 3, 1827. He was not a candidate for re-election in 1826. In the U.S. Senate, he served as chairman of the Committee on Agriculture (19th Congress). Later, he served as the fifth treasurer of the U.S. Mint from 1827 to 1841. He resigned due to illness.
He sold the Findlay Farm to Benjamin Jordan and Edward Crouch in 1823.[3] He died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and his remains were interred at Harrisburg Cemetery.
He was the brother of United States Congressman John and United States Congressman and Cincinnati mayor James Findlay.
William Findlay married Nancy Irwin (1763–1824), who became Pennsylvania's First Lady from 1817 to 1820. They had two children, Jane Findlay Shunk (1792–1878) and John King Findlay. Nancy Irwin Findlay died on July 27, 1824, and is buried in Harrisburg Cemetery.
William Findlay's son, John King Findlay (born near Mercersburg, May 12, 1803; died in Spring Lake, New Jersey, September 13, 1885), was a noted jurist. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1824 and was assigned to the 1st Artillery of the U.S. Army. He was the assistant professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology at West Point from August 29 until November 4, 1824, of geography, history, and ethics until April 17, 1825, and was on topographical duty until May 13, 1828, when he resigned. In 1831, he was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. He was recorder of Lancaster in 1841–1845, judge of the Philadelphia District Court 1845–1851, and president of the 3rd Judicial District of Pennsylvania in 1857–1862. After this he practiced law in Philadelphia. John King Findlay was a captain of militia 1840–1845 and 1852–1856. He published an enlarged edition of Archbold's Law of Nisi Prius (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1852).
William Findlay's daughter, Jane Findlay, married Francis R. Shunk, the 10th Governor of Pennsylvania. She held the position of First Lady of Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1848.
Findlay Township in Western Pennsylvania and Findlay Commons on the campus of Penn State University are both named for Governor Findlay.
^ "FINDLAY, William – Biographical Information". Retrieved October 28, 2012.
^ "Samuel Findlay". Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
^ "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania" (Searchable database). CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Note: This includes Ronald L. Andrews and Paula Stoner Reed (1982). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Findlay Farm" (PDF). Retrieved February 4, 2012.
United States Congress. "William Findlay (id: F000122)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Findlay, William" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
Biography portal
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Biography
Isaac Weaver, Jr. Treasurer of Pennsylvania
Simon Snyder Governor of Pennsylvania
December 16, 1817 – December 19, 1820 Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Jonathan Roberts U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Pennsylvania
Served alongside: Walter Lowrie, William Marks Succeeded by
United States Senators from Pennsylvania
W. Maclay
S. Maclay
Leib
S. Cameron
Buckalew
J. Scott
Guffey
H. Scott
Lowrie
Bigler
J. Cameron
Vare†
Schweiker
† Never officially seated
Governors and Presidents of Pennsylvania
(since 1790)
Hiester
Shulze
G. Wolf
Ritner
Shunk
Hartranft
Pennypacker
Brumbaugh
Sproul
Pinchot
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Shapp
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WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 9709124
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US Involvement in Yemen
The United States military began conducting operations against Al-Qaeda in Yemen shortly after US lawmakers passed Joint Resolution 23, which authorized the use of military force against “those nations, organizations, or persons” involved in the September 11 attacks against the United States in 2001 (S.J.Res.23 – Authorization for Use of Military Force, 18 September 2001). Under former President Obama, the US military significantly expanded its operations in Yemen, with drone strikes reaching an all-time peak in 2012 (New America Foundation, 2018). Since 2015, however, the scope and the forms of US involvement in Yemen have substantially changed.
The US Air Force has been aiding the Saudi-led coalition’s aerial campaign against the Houthi movement and the formerly allied Saleh loyalists dubbed “Operations Decisive Storm” and, later, “Operation Restoring Hope”. During this period, although the war in Yemen has escalated in recent months, the number of events involving US military forces acting directly in Yemen has decreased significantly over time since peaking in March of 2017, reaching a new low in April of 2018 (see Figure 1, and Long War Journal, 6 June 2018).
According to senior US officials, the United States’ involvement in Yemen remains primarily to combat AQAP (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula) and Islamic State groups, namely aiming to “degrade these groups’ ability to hold territory and coordinate external attacks” (Centcom, 6 Feb 2018). Until the Houthi takeover in March of 2015, US special forces and drones were based in the Al-Anad Air base in Lahij governorate, just north of the city of Aden. As Houthi militias expanded southward into the area, US troops evacuated the base and are now conducting strikes from outside of the country (CNN, 23 March 2015).
Shortly after taking office, President Donald Trump intensified American efforts in Yemen, beginning with a commando raid in late January 2017 that targeted suspected AQAP members in the Yakla valley of Al-Bayda governorate. At least one US soldier was killed, as well as several local civilians and tribesmen (The Intercept, 9 March 2017). US strikes peaked in the month of March 2017, with a recorded 26 drone operations all targeting AQAP militants. In October of 2017, US drones engaged Islamic State militants for the first time, killing more than 50 fighters in targeted strikes against two training camps in the Wald Rabi district of Al-Bayda governorate (The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, October 2017). While strikes over the past year seem to have had at least some degree of success as indicated by a degraded Al-Qaeda and Islamic State presence, civilian casualties and perceptions among locals remain a challenge that could backfire against US interests in the region.
Since 2016, US airstrikes in Yemen have occurred most frequently in the central governorate of Al-Bayda, in areas that also see frequent clashes between local tribal forces and Houthi militiamen, followed by Shabwah, Abyan and Ma’rib (see Figure 2). The difficulty in conducting precision drone strikes in this particular region is that, for many groups involved in the battle against the Houthis, AQAP and IS militants still represent an “alliance of convenience” (The Atlantic, 3 February 2018), providing weapons and combat experience to allies looking to counter Houthi objectives. Thus, as the campaign against the Houthis intensifies on the west coast of the country, the dramatic decrease in US strikes over the past six months could be attributed to a shift in focus from targeting AQAP and Islamic State leaders to the US’s second objective in Yemen, which is to assist the Saudi-led coalition in countering the Iranian-backed Houthi movement.
Since the launch of the Saudi-led aerial campaign, members of the US Armed Forces have been working closely with the coalition to provide aerial targeting assistance, intelligence sharing, and mid-flight aerial refueling (S.J.RES.54, 28 February 2018). US Army Green Berets are also reportedly posted on the southern border of Saudi Arabia helping to “locate and destroy caches of ballistic missiles and launch sites that Houthi rebels in Yemen are using to attack Riyadh and other Saudi cities” (New York Times, 3 May 2018). Despite active assistance from US military personnel in launching thousands of airstrikes, the coalition has struggled to achieve its goal of eradicating the Houthi movement and has simultaneously destroyed much of Yemen’s civil infrastructure in Houthi-controlled territories, sparking a humanitarian disaster.
As the war in Yemen escalates further with a recent move by UAE-backed forces to take the port city of Hodeidah, the US has signaled its desire to address the coalition’s security concerns, while preserving the free flow of humanitarian and life-saving commercial imports (US Department of State, 11 June 2018). The UAE had reportedly pledged not to start the final assault on Hodeidah without final approval from the US (The Intercept, 7 June 2018). In order to achieve its main objective of countering Al-Qaeda and Islamic State militants in the region, the United States will likely remain active in Yemen, both in conducting drone strikes and in assisting the Saudi-led coalition in the fight against the Houthis.
Last week, ACLED released new conflict and protest data for Yemen and Saudi Arabia in 2016. ACLED data coverage for Yemen and Saudi Arabia now spans 2016 – present. Download these data and more on the ACLED website.
Tagged on: Saudi Arabia Yemen
Braden Fuller 13/06/2018 13/02/2019 Analysis, Civilians At Risk, Conflict Monitoring, Ethnic Militias, Focus On Militias, Islamic State, Islamist Violence, Political Stability, Pro-Government Militias, Remote Violence, Rioting And Protests, Violence Against Civilians
Electoral Violence in Afghanistan →
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Unprecedented and Unlawful: The NSA’s 'Upstream' Surveillance
Ashley Gorski, Staff Attorney, ACLU National Security Project
& Patrick Toomey, Senior Staff Attorney, ACLU National Security Project
September 23, 2016 | 1:15 PM
NSA Surveillance
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The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (FAA) — the statute the government uses to engage in warrantless surveillance of Americans’ international communications — is scheduled to expire in December 2017. In anticipation of the coming legislative debate over reauthorization, Congress has already begun to hold hearings. While Congress must address many problems with the government’s use of this law to surveil and investigate Americans, the government’s use of “Upstream” surveillance to search Internet traffic deserves special attention. Indeed, Congress has never engaged in a meaningful public debate about Upstream surveillance — but it should.
First disclosed as part of the Snowden revelations, Upstream surveillance involves the NSA’s bulk interception and searching of Americans’ international Internet communications — including emails, chats, and web-browsing traffic — as their communications travel the spine of the Internet between sender and receiver. If you send emails to friends abroad, message family members overseas, or browse websites hosted outside of the United States, the NSA has almost certainly searched through the contents of your communications — and it has done so without a warrant.
The executive branch contends that Upstream surveillance was authorized by the FAA; however, as others have noted, neither the text of the statute nor the legislative history support that claim. Moreover, as former Assistant Attorney General for National Security David Kris recently explained, Upstream raises “challenging” legal questions about the suspicionless searching of Americans’ Internet communications — questions that Congress must address before reauthorizing the FAA.
Because of how it operates, Upstream surveillance represents a new surveillance paradigm, one in which computers constantly scan our communications for information of interest to the government. As the legislative debate gets underway, it’s critical to frame the technological and legal issues that Congress and the public must consider — and to examine far more closely the less-intrusive alternatives available to the government.
Upstream Surveillance: An Overview
As we’ve learned from official government sources and media reports, Upstream surveillance consists of the mass copying and content-searching of Americans’ international Internet communications while those communications are in transit. The surveillance takes place on the Internet “backbone” — the network of high-capacity cables, switches, and routers that carry Americans’ domestic and international Internet communications. With the compelled assistance of telecommunications providers like AT&T and Verizon, the NSA has installed surveillance equipment at dozens of points along the Internet backbone, allowing the agency to copy and then search vast quantities of Internet traffic as those communications flow past.
The NSA is searching Americans’ international communications for what it calls “selectors.” Selectors are, in essence, keywords. Under the FAA, they are typically email addresses, phone numbers, or other identifiers associated with the government’s targets. While this might sound like a narrow category, the reality is much different, as Jennifer Granick and Jadzia Butler recently explained. That’s because the NSA can target any foreigner located outside the United States who is believed to possess “foreign intelligence information” — including journalists, human rights researchers, and attorneys, not just suspected terrorists or foreign spies. At last count, the NSA was targeting more than 94,000 people, organizations, and groups under the FAA.
In practice, that means the NSA is examining the contents of each communication for the presence of tens of thousands of different search terms that are of interest to the government. And that list continues to grow, as the NSA adds new targets and entirely new categories of selectors to Upstream surveillance. Whenever the NSA finds a communication that contains a “hit” for any one of its many selectors, it stores that communication for the agency’s long-term use and analysis — and it may share those communications with the FBI for use in criminal investigations.
“About” Surveillance
Observers, including the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB), have singled out one feature of this surveillance as especially controversial: what’s often called “about” surveillance. This term refers to the fact that the government is not only intercepting communications to and from its targets, but is systematically examining the communications of third parties in order to identify those that simply mention a targeted selector. (In other words, the NSA is searching for and collecting communications that are merely “about” its targets.)
“About” surveillance has little precedent. To use a non-digital comparison: It’s as if the NSA sent agents to the U.S. Postal Service’s major processing centers to engage in continuous searches of everyone’s international mail. The agents would open, copy, and read each letter, and would keep a copy of any letter that mentioned specific items of interest — despite the fact that the government had no reason to suspect the letter’s sender or recipient beforehand. In the same way, Upstream involves general searches of Americans’ international Internet communications.
Upstream Surveillance Is Bulk Searching
Although the government frequently contends otherwise, Upstream surveillance is a form of bulk surveillance. To put it plainly, the government is searching the contents of essentially everyone’s communications as they flow through the NSA’s surveillance devices, in order to determine which communications contain the information the NSA seeks. While the government has “targets,” its searches are not limited to those targets’ communications. Rather, in order to locate communications that are to, from, or “about” its targets, the government is first copying and searching Americans’ international communications in bulk.
There is no question that these searches are extraordinarily far-reaching. The leading treatise on national-security surveillance, co-authored by former Assistant Attorney General David Kris, explains that the “NSA’s machines scan the contents of all of the communications passing through the collection point, and the presence of the selector or other signature that justifies the collection is not known until after the scanning is complete.” Likewise, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) has made clear that the NSA is searching the full text of every communication flowing through the surveillance devices installed on certain international backbone links.
For technological reasons, Upstream surveillance — at least as it’s conducted today — necessarily ensnares vast quantities of communications. When an individual uses the Internet, whether to browse a webpage or send an email, his computer sends and receives information in the form of data “packets” that are transmitted separately across the Internet backbone. As Charlie Savage recently explained in Power Wars, “when an e-mail is transmitted over the Internet, it is broken apart like a puzzle. Each piece of the puzzle travels independently to a shared destination, where they converge and are reassembled. For this reason, interception equipment on a switch in the middle cannot grab only a target’s e-mail. Instead, the wiretapper has to make a copy of everything.” While the NSA may exclude certain types of irrelevant traffic — like Netflix videos — it can identify the communications it’s seeking only by copying and searching the remaining Internet traffic in bulk.
In court, the Department of Justice has resisted acknowledging the breadth of these bulk searches —preferring to say, euphemistically, that the NSA is “screening” or “filtering” communications. But it’s playing word games. The only way for the NSA to determine whether a communication contains one of its selectors is to search the contents of that communication. At scale, that means the NSA is searching the contents of trillions of Internet communications, without anything resembling a warrant.
Upstream Surveillance Is Unprecedented and Unlawful
Because it involves bulk searches, Upstream surveillance is very different from other forms of surveillance, and it should be debated with that in mind. As the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) explained:
Nothing comparable is permitted as a legal matter or possible as a practical matter with respect to analogous but more traditional forms of communication. From a legal standpoint, under the Fourth Amendment the government may not, without a warrant, open and read letters sent through the mail in order to acquire those that contain particular information. Likewise, the government cannot listen to telephone conversations, without probable cause about one of the callers or about the telephone, in order to keep recordings of those conversations that contain particular content.
In short, the Fourth Amendment does not allow the government to conduct a general, suspicionless search in order to locate specific information or evidence. Instead, as the ACLU has explained at length elsewhere, the government is required to have probable cause — and a warrant — before it searches the contents of our communications. Upstream surveillance reverses this logic, using the end results of the NSA’s searches to justify the continuous, bulk review of Americans’ Internet traffic. The ODNI General Counsel has effectively called for rewriting the Fourth Amendment to permit these types of searches — which only underscores how novel and extreme the government’s legal theory really is.
Americans — and Congress — need to be concerned about what it means to have government computers monitoring our communications in real-time. As the PCLOB emphasized, one of the fundamental problems posed by Upstream surveillance is that “it permits the government to acquire communications exclusively between people about whom the government had no prior suspicion, or even knowledge of their existence, based entirely on what is contained within the contents of their communications.” David Kris highlighted a related problem, asking whether the government should be permitted to “review the contents of an unlimited number of e-mails from unrelated parties in its effort to find information ‘about’ the target.”
The PCLOB, in its report, expressed serious concern about Upstream surveillance, finding that the nature and breadth of this surveillance pushed it “close to the line” in terms of lawfulness. At the same time, however, the PCLOB expressed the view that “about” surveillance was unavoidable for technological reasons. While this is the subject for a separate post, that factual claim is doubtful. The NSA could, if it chose, do far more to isolate the communications of its targets based on metadata — such as email addressing information — rather than searching the entire contents of everyone’s communications using selectors. Indeed, “Next Generation Firewall” technology is capable of distinguishing metadata from content across many different types of communications. Moreover, the NSA has already shown that it can implement this capability on the Internet backbone — because its bulk Internet metadata program, which it operated for ten years, required very similar capabilities. Even with these modifications, significant questions about the lawfulness of the surveillance would remain; but there is no question that it would be more protective of Americans’ privacy than today’s Upstream surveillance.
Between now and the sunset of the FAA in December 2017, it is crucial that Congress engage in an informed, public debate about whether it is constitutional — and whether it is prudent — to permit the executive branch to wield this incredibly invasive surveillance tool.
This post originally appeared at Just Security.
Maybe the bigger problem is finding an honest prosecutor. The vast majority of surveillance is neither passive nor harmless.
In other words, whether local police or an intelligence agency, the "undercover" snoops are intentionally "outing"themselves to their targets - they are blowing their undercover status on purpose - that is not passive surveillance.
The primary reason the uncover officials are blowing their own cover is to harass and intimidate the targets of surveillance - which is a federal crime under the Title 18 criminal code and other "pattern & practice" statutes under Title 42 - covering abuses perpetrated under "color of law". It is also a felony for government officials or contractors to obstruct radio signals, including cell-phone signals.
We just need honest prosecutors to enforce existing "constitutional" statutes. Those are laws that define what a constitutional violation is. Statutes defining what a constitutional right is supersede post 9/11 unconstitutional statutes.
The U.S. Constitution is a wartime charter with emergency clauses already built in. There is no exemption for our War on Drugs or our War on a Tactic after 9/11.
For example: In the Richmond, VA area prosecutors could use "U.S. v. Jones" to prosecute not only warrantless GPS tracking but could use that same high court precedent to prosecute other forms of warrantless government spying and stalking. There is virtually no difference between GPS vs. cell-phone tracking.
How do I commence a class action against the local NSA, Homeland Security & Hancock Drones and General Electric. The new surveillance equipment causes me EXTREME Pain every night beginning at 11 p.m. They have a new truck that vibrates my entire house when it goes past, along with tractor trailers pulling equipment that vibrates through my house, not to mention the flights overhead, dropping thunking throughout my house. How do I get them to stop???
#TakeCTRL of your data
CBP Can’t Detain Domestic Flight Passengers for Refusing Suspicionless ID Checks
The Hypocrisy of William Barr's Spying Claims
I Quit My Job to Protest My Company’s Work on Building Killer Robots
Ending the NSA’s Massive Phone Spying Program Would Be a Good Start — But...
How to Shine a Light on U.S. Government Surveillance of Americans
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Why Trump’s Proposed Targeting of Muslims Would Be Unconstitutional
By David Cole, ACLU Legal Director
November 22, 2016 | 10:30 AM
Defending the Rights of Religious Minorities
Free Exercise of Religion
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This piece was originally published at Just Security on November 21, 2016.
As a candidate, Donald Trump notoriously called for a ban on the entrance of all Muslims, a database to track Muslims in the United States, for aggressive surveillance of “the mosques,” and for closing down mosques. When many pointed out that such religiously targeted enforcement actions would be unconstitutional, he began talking instead about “extreme vetting” — apparently not getting that what the Constitution forbids is selective targeting of a religious group, regardless of the type of burden imposed.
Now that he’s President-elect, his transition team is reportedly discussing requiring immigrants from Muslim-majority countries to register with the immigration authorities. Reince Priebus said on “Meet the Press” Sunday that “we’re not going to have a registry based on a religion.” But this is semantics. The transition team is reportedly planning just that, only under the guise of focusing on countries that happen to be majority Muslim. Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, a virulently anti-immigrant hard-liner who introduced a similar registration scheme when he worked for President George W. Bush, is now working with the Trump transition and told Reuters that the team was discussing reviving the registration scheme, which President Obama had ended in 2011.
Kobach maintained that because the program he was discussing would be focused not on religion, but on countries that have a terrorist presence, the scheme would survive constitutional challenges. But there’s a huge difference between what Bush did and what Trump is proposing. Bush’s scheme had a disparate effect on Muslims, but there was no evidence that Bush himself had adopted it to target Muslims. Trump, by contrast, has left a long trail of smoking guns making clear his anti-Muslim intent.
When executive action is challenged as targeting religion, the critical question is intent: If the government can be shown to have intentionally targeted a religious group, its actions violate the Free Exercise Clause. The law need not name the religion by name. It is enough to show that an anti-religious intent was at play. As with race or sex discrimination, if the government takes action that appears neutral on its face but was adopted for the purpose of singling out a racial minority, it is subject to stringent scrutiny and virtually always invalid.
In Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, for example, the Supreme Court in 1993 struck down a local Florida ordinance banning animal sacrifice because it found that the laws were triggered by animus against the Santeria religion, an Afro-Cuban sect that had recently moved into Hialeah and practiced animal sacrifice. The law did not mention Santeria on its face, but the surrounding circumstances made it clear that its intent was to single out that religion.
Of course, it is often difficult to prove improper intent. Even where they might be acting for impermissible purposes, the architects of a program rarely admit it outright. As a result, the Supreme Court has ruled that circumstantial evidence can support a finding of unconstitutional intent — things like the history of the act, its impact, the sequence leading up to its adoption, any unusual departures from business as usual, etc.
So what’s the evidence on Trump? It’s almost too numerous to detail, but here’s a sampler.
On December 7, 2015, the Trump campaign issued a press release stating that “Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country’s representatives can figure out what is going on.”
In July 2016, he effectively admitted that his revamping of the proposal was designed to target Muslims without expressly saying so. In an interview on “Meet the Press" with NBC’s Chuck Todd, Trump said he would target immigrants from certain countries, but he resisted the suggestion that this was a retreat from his proposal to target Muslims. “I actually don’t think it’s a rollback. In fact, you could say it’s an expansion. … People were so upset when I used the word Muslim. Oh, you can’t use the word Muslim. Remember this. And I’m OK with that because I’m talking territory instead of Muslim.”
In November 2015, Trump told NBC News he “would certainly implement” a database to track Muslims in the United States … “I would certainly implement that. Absolutely.” Would Muslims be legally required to register? “They have to be — they have to be,” Trump replied.
In March 2016, Trump said, “Frankly, look, we’re having problems with the Muslims, and we’re having problems with Muslims coming into the country.”
The Trump team has even sought to defend its proposed plan to target Muslims by citing the Japanese internment of World War II (which in itself is another admission that the registry is not simply based on geography but religion and descent). In November, Carl Higbie, a spokesman for the pro-Trump Great American PAC, argued that a registry of immigrants from Muslim countries would pass constitutional muster, citing the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. But Korematsu v. United States, the case that upheld the Japanese internment, is more an anti-precedent than a precedent. As of 9/11, every justice on the Supreme Court except David Souter was on record condemning the decision. Congress ultimately issued a formal apology for the wrong and paid reparations. When Trump supporters have to resort to citing a decision like Korematsu, it only underscores how dubious their proposals really are.
Others, including law professors Eric Posner and Eugene Volokh, have argued that the “plenary power” doctrine would permit an immigration measure targeted at Muslims. To be clear, Posner and Volokh think such a proposal would be “stupid and offensive” and “a very bad idea,” respectively, but not unconstitutional. In their view, “plenary power” trumps all, so to speak. But theirs is a vast overreading of the doctrine, which grants the political branches broad discretion over who may enter the United States. It is true that in the 19th century the Supreme Court cited “plenary power” to permit the exclusion of Chinese immigrants and that the doctrine has often been cited to exclude foreigners based on nationality and political associations. But while the power over immigration is broad, the court has also insisted, in Carlson v. Landon, that “this power is, of course, subject to judicial intervention under the ‘paramount law of the constitution.’” The plenary power is not a blank check. And of course, surveilling and closing mosques is not an exercise of immigration authority and would directly burden the rights of citizens.
What is more, the fact that the court has been lenient with respect to nationality distinctions in immigration law governing admission does not mean it would tolerate religious distinctions even at the border. It is difficult to imagine how one might regulate immigration without making nationality-based distinctions, and our immigration laws have long drawn such lines. We have different visa rules for immigrants and visitors from different countries, and we not infrequently adopt country-specific immigration rules to address particular problems, such as a refugee crisis in a particular country. So making distinctions on the basis of nationality is intrinsic to immigration. But it is another thing entirely to use the immigration power to target people of a specific religion. We have no history of doing so and no legal precedent allowing it.
There is simply no reason why religion should be relevant to immigration.
Moreover, under the Establishment Clause, which protects all of us from government actions favoring or disfavoring particular religions, the government is precluded from taking actions that make people of a particular religion feel that they are outsiders, especially once they are in the country. This is why it is unconstitutional, for example, for a city to display a Christian cross — it makes those who are not Christian feel excluded. If citizens have a constitutional right to object to the mere display of a cross because of the message it sends, surely they have at least as strong a right to object to a policy that treats Muslim human beings as suspect based on nothing more than their religious identity.
It’s true that President Bush’s special registration program, targeted at 25 majority-Muslim countries and North Korea, withstood constitutional challenge. (The courts relied on the history of drawing distinctions based on nationality cited above). Special registration was eventually scrapped not because courts declared it unconstitutional but because DHS itself found that it was a counterproductive waste of resources: It generated no terrorist convictions and caused widespread resentment in the very communities with which law enforcement sought to work to identify potential terrorists.
But under President Bush, there was no smoking gun evidence that the program was intentionally targeted at Muslims. It had that effect, but effect alone is rarely enough to demonstrate intent. With Trump, by contrast, the evidence of anti-Muslim intent is overwhelming. Imagine that as a candidate, Trump had announced plans to ban the admission of Blacks, create a national database of Blacks, and investigate Black churches, and then, upon election, instituted a registration requirement for immigrants from African countries. Would anyone doubt that his action was based on racial animus?
Trump’s targeting of Muslims is just as blatant — and just as unconstitutional.
If you want to stop Muslims from coming to America, stop invading their countries, murdering their citizens and overthrowing their governments. Stop supporting those dubious 'allies' who promote war in the Middle East to further their own ends. Having traveled in the ME, I know that most of these refugees just want to go back home, to have a normal life, to have their kids go back to school, go back to their jobs and homes and rebuild their lives.
Muslims aren't the problem, those who are promoting war in the ME that are the problem.
If an employer's religion goes against something, he shouldn't be forced to pay for it. It is tyranny to force someone to pay for something that goes against their religious beliefs.
I am for the Muslim ban as their warped ideology is a religious CULT ! The ACLU is working for those whose "religion" condones the practice of pedophilia, and accepts wife beating, honor killings, female genital mutilation, and basically a life of no rights for females. And there's Halal food, where the animals are tortured as they are killed. Islamists have an agenda. They will deceive and use our rights and freedoms AGAINST US in America and Europe. Wise up !
If they are here illegally, throw them out. If they wear anything that covers their face, then no drivers license, no nothing that requires a picture. If they have to prove who they are and have their face covered, uncover it, if they don,t want to then they leave this country. I don't care what it sounds like, I do not want illegal people here and people hiding there faces here. Don't like it, go to another country. Simple.
Fight for everyone's right to religious freedom - support the ACLU.
Supreme Court Undermines Religious Neutrality In Permitting Giant...
Air Force Approves Historic Religious Accommodation for Active Sikh Airman
In an Era of Religious Refusals, the Do No Harm Act Is an Essential Safeguard
Congressional Action to End the Bans—Now and Into the Future
Senators Must Hold Mike Pompeo Accountable For His Religious Prejudice
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Adam L. Seidel
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Attorney Adam L. Seidel is former president of the Dallas LGBT Bar Association, and a charter member of the North Texas GLBT Chamber of Commerce. He has represented many clients in North Texas needing assistance with same-sex family law matters.
On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Obergefell, ruling that "same-sex couples may exercise the fundamental right to marry in all states," and requiring that all states, including Texas, recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.
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Because the Supreme Court ruled that there is a constitutional right to marry, states have a legal obligation to perform same-sex marriage, making marriage equality the law of the land in all 50 states.
Nationally, employers have begun reviewing their benefit plans and policies to determine whether updates are appropriate in light of Obergefell. For example, employers who currently provide "domestic partner" benefits programs are examining such programs, now that same-sex couples have the right to marry and have their marriage recognized throughout the country.
Many same-sex couples, lawfully married in other states or countries, currently live in Texas and were previously unable to file for divorce in Texas. The rulings in Obergefell directly impact these couples. Married, same-sex couples in Texas can now be subject to the same laws relating to property division, child custody, spousal support, and other areas of family law. As in all family court matters, collaborative law and mediation also remain good avenues to consider in resolving same-sex couple disputes.
Same-Sex Divorce And Common Law Marriage
Texas law provides for informal marriage, also called "common-law" marriage. Courts have started to see same-sex partners making marital claims by relying on the assertion that long-term relationships should be recognized as "common-law marriages." Some Texas courts have started to recognize common-law, same-sex marriages, even prior to the Obergefell decision. This issue is being litigated right now, and remains far from being completely resolved.
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Melody Swartz
Swartz earned her bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1991. As a Watson Foundation Fellow she then conducted a year of independent research in Micronesia on the “use and societal impact of Western technologies in undeveloped nations.”
Swartz next joined the anesthesiology department at the Northwestern University School of Medicine as a research assistant. She completed her PhD in chemical engineering in 1998 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, serving next as a postdoctoral fellow in the Pulmonary Division of Brigham & Women’s Hospital of the Harvard Medical School and of MIT’s department of mechanical engineering.
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Cruiser classes, Kirov class cruisers
Kirov class cruiser
Kirov in 1941
Name: Kirov
Builders: Ordzhonikidze Yard, LeningradKomsomolsk-on-Amur
Marti South, Nikolayev
Operators: Soviet Navy
Succeeded by: Chapayev class cruiser
Subclasses: Project 26, Project 26bis, Project 26bis2
Built: 1935–44
In service: 1938–70
Retired: 6
General characteristics (Project 26)
Type: Cruiser, since 1949 — light cruiser
Displacement: 7,890 tonnes (7,765 long tons) (standard)
9,436 tonnes (9,287 long tons) (full load)
Beam: 17.66 m (57 ft 11 in)
Draught: 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in) (full load)
Installed power: 113,500 shp (84,600 kW)
Propulsion: 2 shafts, geared steam turbines6 Yarrow-Normand oil-fired boilers
Speed: 35.94 knots (66.56 km/h; 41.36 mph) (on trials)
Endurance: 3,750 nmi (6,950 km; 4,320 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Sensors and
processing systems:
Arktur hydrophone
Armament:
3 × 3 - 180 mm (7.1 in) B-1-Pguns 6 × 1 - 100 mm (3.9 in) B-34 dual-purposeguns 6 × 1 - 45-millimetre (1.8 in) 21-K AA guns 4 × 1 - 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) AA machine guns 2 × 3 - 533-millimetre (21.0 in) torpedo tubes 96–164 mines 50 depth charges
Armour: Waterline belt: 50 mm (2.0 in)Deck: 50 mm (2.0 in) each
Turrets: 50 mm (2.0 in) Barbettes: 50 mm (2.0 in) Conning tower: 150 mm (5.9 in)
Aircraft carried: 2 × KOR-1 seaplanes
Aviation facilities: 1 Heinkel K-12 catapult
The Kirov-class (Project 26) cruisers were six vessels built between 1935 and 1944 for the Soviet Navy: Kirov, Voroshilov, Maxim Gorky, Molotov, Kalinin, and Kaganovich. After the first two ships, armor protection was increased and subsequent ships are sometimes called the Maxim Gorky class. These were the first large ships built by the Soviets from the keel up after the Russian Civil War and were derived from the Italian light cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli, being designed with assistance from the Italian Ansaldo company. Two ships each were deployed in the Black and Baltic Seas during World War II while the last pair was still under construction in Siberia and saw no combat during the war. The first four ships bombarded Axis troops and facilities after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. All six ships survived the war and lingered until the 1970s in training and other secondary roles before being scrapped.
[hide] *1 Design
1.1 General characteristics
1.2 Armament
1.3 Machinery
1.4 Protection
1.5 Aircraft
2 Construction
3 Ships
4 Service
4.1.1 Baltic Fleet
4.1.2 Black Sea Fleet
4.1.3 Pacific Fleet
4.2 Postwar careers
Design Edit
Following the October Revolution and the subsequent Russian Civil War, Soviet industry was not capable of designing large, complex warships by itself and sought foreign assistance. The Ansaldo company provided plans for the contemporary Raimondo Montecuccoli-class cruisers and a design displacing 7,200 tonnes (7,086 long tons) and armed with six 180-millimetre (7.1 in) guns in twin turrets was produced in 1933. The Italians guaranteed that the cruiser could make 37 knots (69 km/h; 43 mph) on trials if the size was kept under the 7200-tonne limit. The designer of the new turret managed to persuade his superiors that he could fit triple turrets to the ship while keeping it within the specified limit, and this design was approved in November 1934 as the Project 26.[1]
The Soviets bought an example of, and plans for, the machinery of the later Duca d'Aosta class cruisers and had some difficulty in adapting the smaller hull for the larger and more powerful machinery, so much so that it delayed the start of construction. Another problem was that the Italian design had to be adapted to use the Soviet preference for a mix of longitudinal framing for the hull framing amidships and transverse framing for the ends while also reinforcing the hull structure to withstand the more severe weather conditions that the Soviets commonly encountered.[2]
The Kirovs were built in pairs, each pair incorporating some improvements over the earlier pair. These pairs were designated as the Project 26, Project 26bis, and Project 26bis2 in sequence. The differences between pairs usually related to size, armor, armament and aircraft.[3]
General characteristics Edit
The Project 26 class ships were 191.3 m (627 ft 7 in) long overall. They had a beam of 17.66 m (57 ft 11 in) and at full load a draft of 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in). They displaced 7,890 tonnes (7,765 long tons) at standard load, and 9,436 tonnes (9,287 long tons) at full load.[4] Their single rudder meant that they were not very maneuverable.[5] Kirov and Voroshilov were fitted with a massive quadruped foremast, but this proved to restrict the view from the conning tower as well as the fields of fire of the 100 mm anti-aircraft guns and greatly increased their silhouette. It was reduced to a simple pole mast in the later ships and the superstructure enlarged to accommodate the fire control facilities formerly housed in the foremast.[6]
Shortly after Kirov was launched in 1936, the two Project 26bis ships were laid down. They incorporated a number of changes from the first batch, not least of which was that they were larger. They displaced 8,177 tonnes (8,048 long tons) at standard load and 9,728 tonnes (9,574 long tons; 10,723 short tons) at full load. They were only slightly longer at 191.4 m (627 ft 11 in) overall and had a deep draft of 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in) at full load. On trials they proved to be the fastest ships of the class with a speed of 36.72 knots (68.01 km/h; 42.26 mph). Their armament was much the same as the earlier ships, although nine 45 mm 61-K anti-aircraft guns were mounted rather than the six on the first pair and they were fitted to carry 150 Model 1908/39 mines in place of the Model 1912 mines.[4]
The Project 26bis2 pair were still larger and displaced 8,400 tonnes (8,267 long tons) at standard load, and 10,400 tonnes (10,236 long tons) at full load. They were a tenth of a meter shorter than the Project 26 ships, although the waterline length did not change at all between any of the pairs. Their turbines proved to be slightly more powerful than those of the Project 26bis ships and propelled them at 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) on trials. Production delays with the 100 mm B-34 dual-purpose guns forced them to use 85 mm 90-K guns instead and ten 37 mm 70-K anti-aircraft guns supplemented the 45 mm guns. The mines changed yet again as they could carry 100 KB or 106 Model 1926 mines.[4]
Armament Edit
The main armament consisted of three electrically powered MK-3-180 triple turrets with three 57-calibre 180 mm B-1-P guns. The turrets were very small to fit them into the hull space available and were so cramped that their rate of fire was much lower than designed (only two rounds per minute instead of six). The guns were mounted in a single cradle to minimize space and were so close together that their dispersion was very high because the muzzle blast from adjacent guns affected each gun. The turrets weighed approximately 236 to 247 tonnes (232 to 243 long tons) and the guns could be depressed to −4° and elevated to 48°. The guns fired 97.55-kilogram (215.1 lb) projectiles at a muzzle velocity of 900–920 m/s (3,000–3,000 ft/s); this provided a maximum range of around 38,000 m (42,000 yd), depending on ammunition and gun type.[7] 100 rounds per gun were normally carried, although an additional four rounds per gun could be carried at overload by the Project 26 ships only.[4]
The secondary armament consisted of six single 56-caliber 100-millimetre (3.9 in) B-34 anti-aircraft guns with 325 rounds per gun fitted on each side of the rear funnel in all ships except the Project 26bis2 which used eight single 52-caliber 85-millimetre (3.3 in) 90-K guns with 300 rounds per gun when the B-34 program ran into problems. Light AA guns initially consisted of six semi-automatic 45 mm 21-K AA guns with 600 rounds per gun and four DK 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) machine guns, with 12,500 rounds per gun, but were significantly increased in service. The Project 26bis ships carried nine 21-K mounts and the Project 26bis were built with an additional ten fully automatic 37-millimetre (1.5 in) 70-K AA guns with a thousand rounds per gun. Over the course of World War II most, if not all, of the 45 mm guns were replaced by 37 mm guns and one or two Lend-Lease quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun MK III mounts were fitted to the ships in the Baltic and Black Seas, although each ship varied in its anti-aircraft suite.[8]
Six 533-millimetre (21.0 in) 39-Yu torpedo tubes were fitted in two triple mountings; these tubes could be individually adjusted to spread out their salvos. Molotov and Kaganovich replaced their launchers with the more modern 1-N mount during the war. 96 KB or 164 Model 1912 mines could be carried by the first pair of ships. A pair of depth charge racks were mounted as well as four BMB-1 depth charge throwers. Twenty large BB-1 and thirty small BM-1 depth charges were carried although no sonar was fitted for the Project 26 and Project 26bis ships. They did mount the Arktur hydrophone system although that was useless at speeds above three knots. Kalinin and Kaganovich received the Lend-Lease ASDIC-132 system, which the Soviets called Drakon-132, as well as the experimental Soviet Mars-72 sonar system.[9]
The Project 26 ships were fitted with the Molynia fire control system for their main guns which included the TsAS-2 mechanical computer and the KDP3-6 director. Each turret and the director had DM-6 rangefinders which allowed multiple targets to be engaged using a combination of local and central fire control. The four later ships had an improved Molynia-ATs fire control system which could accept data from spotter aircraft. The anti-aircraft armament was controlled by the Gorizont-1 system with a SO-26 computer, Gazon vertical gyroscope and a pair of SPN-100 directors on each side of the superstructure. Each director had a fully stabilized 3 m (9 ft 10 in) rangefinder. Voroshilov had SPN-200 directors, but the Project 26bis ships used the Gorizont-2 system. This had a more advanced Gorizont-2 computer and Shar vertical gyroscope.[10]
The first Soviet ship to carry a radar was Molotov which was given a Redut-K air warning system in 1940, which she used for the entire war. Lend-Lease radars equipped most of the other ships. The British Types 281, 291 and the American SG radars were used for air search. Main battery fire control radars were the British Types 284 and 285 while anti-aircraft fire control was provided by the Type 282 radar. Soviet-designed Yupiter-1 and Mars-1 gunnery radars were fitted in Molotov and Kalinin by 1944.[9]
Machinery Edit
The ships had a twin-shaft-unit machinery layout with alternating boiler rooms and engine rooms. The machinery for the Kirov was shipped from Italy (being diverted from the contract for the Italian cruiser Eugenio di Savoia). The machinery for the rest was built in Kharkiv to Italian plans. The Soviet TB-7 geared turbines proved to be more powerful and more economical than the originals. Kirov burned .8 kg (1.8 lb) of fuel oil per unit of horsepower compared to Kalinin's .623 kg (1.37 lb). Furthermore Kirov produced only 113,500 shaft horsepower (84,600 kW) on trials while Voroshilov made 122,500 shp (91,300 kW) and was almost a full knot faster. Six license-built Yarrow-Normand type water-tube boilers powered the turbines with a nominal capacity of 106-tonnes/hour of superheated steam at a pressure of 25 kg/cm2 (2,452 kPa; 356 psi) and a temperature of 325 °C (617 °F). Each shaft drove a three-bladed 4.7-metre (15 ft) bronze propeller for a designed speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph), although this varied from ship to ship. The normal oil capacity was between 600 to 650 tonnes (591 to 640 long tons), but the ships varied widely in the amount of oil carried at full load; this ranged from 1,150 to 1,660 tonnes (1,132 to 1,634 long tons). Endurance figures also varied widely at full load, from 2,140 to 4,220 nautical miles (3,960 to 7,820 km; 2,460 to 4,860 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). The maximum amount of fuel that could be carried ranged from 1,430 to 1,750 tonnes (1,407 to 1,722 long tons).[5]
Protection Edit
The armour scheme formed a raft around the vitals, protected by a waterline belt, deck and traverse bulkheads uniformly 50 mm (2.0 in) in thickness. The turret and barbette armour was also 50 mm thick. The conning tower sides were 150 mm (5.9 in) with a 100 mm roof. A 20-millimetre (0.79 in) box protected the steering gear and a number of control positions were protected against splinters: 14 mm (0.55 in) for the torpedo control station, 8-millimetre (0.31 in) for main-battery fire control and secondary gun shields, 7 mm (0.28 in) for the secondary-battery control position and the auxiliary command station had 25-millimetre (0.98 in) sides and roof.[11]
The belt extended 121 m (397 ft 0 in) or 64.5% of the ship's length. Its total height was 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in), of which 1.33 m (4 ft 4 in) was below the designed waterline. A double bottom extended past the armored traverse bulkheads and a thin longitudinal bulkhead provided some measure of protection against flooding. It has been judged too thin to withstand a torpedo's detonation, but possibly the far-side bulkhead might survive intact, which would cause a list from asymmetrical flooding.[11]
The armor of the Project 26 ships was vulnerable even to destroyer-class weapons at ranges under 10 km (6.2 mi) and the last four ships were given additional armor. The belt, traverse bulkheads, barbettes and turret face thicknesses were all increased to 70 mm (2.8 in) and the box protecting the steering gear was increased to 30 mm (1.2 in). One oddity of the later ships' armor scheme was the joint between the armour deck and belt. The top and bottom edges of the belt were tapered, the outer surface angling in 200 mm (7.9 in) from the edge to a thickness of 45 mm. Similarly the deck edge was also tapered down to about 25 mm for its outermost 200 mm. It has been speculated that "This seam in the protection, representing a small target area, may simply have served to save weight and simplify construction."[12]
Aircraft Edit
The Kirovs were designed to carry two aircraft, but German catapults had to be imported. Two Heinkel K-12 catapults were bought in 1937 for Kirov and Voroshilov. They could traverse 360° and launch an aircraft weighing 2,750 kg (108,000 in) at a speed of 125 km/h (78 mph), although no suitable aircraft was in service until the KOR-1 seaplane entered service in September 1939. They proved to be unsuitable for rough-weather landings and were disembarked when Operation Barbarossa began. Gorky and Molotov mounted Soviet-built ZK-1 catapults of roughly comparable performance, but were destined never to use them for lack of suitable aircraft.[12]
The Project 26 ships landed their catapult during 1941 to make room for more AA guns as did Molotov in 1942. A ZK-1a catapult was installed aboard Molotov in 1943 and she conducted successful experiments with a catapult-launched Supermarine Spitfire fighter. The Project 26bis2 ships did not receive a catapult until after the end of the war when a ZK-2b was fitted. The catapults, however, were removed from all ships by 1947.[11]
Construction Edit
While Voroshilov was laid down first, Kirov was the prototype for the class and was completed first. Her trials were a disappointment as her Italian-built turbines initially had minor defects and she was a knot slower than guaranteed. The Italians pointed out that the guarantee only applied if she displaced 7200 tonnes or less, and she was overweight by over 500 tonnes (490 long tons; 550 short tons). Her turrets had numerous teething problems and inflicted more blast damage than anticipated, which showed that her welding plan had not been followed. Her firing arcs were reduced in an attempt to mitigate the problem. Voroshilov's Soviet-built turbines were more powerful than anticipated and she almost achieved her design speed.[3]
Components for the Project 26bis2 ships were manufactured in the West (Ordzhonikidze built those for Kalinin and Marti those for Kaganovich) and shipped to Komsomolsk-on-Amur for assembly.[3] They were launched from Ships
Kirov (Киров) Ordzhonikidze Yard, Leningrad 22 October 1935 30 November 1936 26 September 1938 scrapped 22 February 1974
Voroshilov (Ворошилов) Marti South, Nikolayev 15 October 1935 28 June 1937 20 June 1940 scrapped 2 March 1973
Project 26bis
Maxim Gorky (Максим Горький) Ordzhonikidze Yard, Leningrad 20 December 1936 30 April 1938 12 December 1940 scrapped 18 April 1959
Molotov (Молотов), later renamed Slava (Слава Glory) Marti South, Nikolayev 14 January 1937 4 December 1939 14 June 1941 scrapped 4 April 1972
Project 26bis2
Kaganovich (Каганович), later renamed Lazar Kaganovich and later still Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) Amur Shipbuilding Plant, Komsomolsk-on-Amur 12 August 1939 8 May 1942 31 December 1942 scrapped 6 February 1960
Kalinin (Калинин) Amur Shipbuilding Plant, Komsomolsk-on-Amur 26 August 1938 7 May 1944 6 December 1944 scrapped 12 April 1963
Service Edit
Baltic Fleet Edit
Kirov was commissioned into the Baltic Fleet in the autumn of 1938, but was still being worked on into early 1939.[14] She sailed to Riga on 22 October 1940 when the Soviet Union began to occupy Latvia; the following day she sailed for Liepāja.[15] During the Winter War, Kirov, escorted by the destroyers Smetlivyi and Stremitel'nyi, attempted to bombard Finnish coast defense guns at Russarö, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Hanko. She only fired 35 rounds before she was damaged by a number of near misses and had to return to the Soviet naval base at Liepāja for repairs. She remained there for the rest of the Winter War and afterwards was under repair at Kronstadt from October 1940 to 21 May 1941.[14]
Both Kirov and Maxim Gorky were transferred to the Gulf of Riga on 14 June 1941, shortly before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. Both cruisers were active in the last days of June covering Soviet defensive mining operations, but Gorky and her escorts ran into the German-laid "Apolda" minefield on the 23rd and Maxim Gorky and the destroyer Gnevny both lost their bows. Gnevny sank, while Gorky made it to port before being transferred, with assistance, to Tallinn and later to Kronstadt. Kirov followed her to Tallinn at the end of the month, after being lightened to pass through the shallows of Moon Sound.[16]
Gorky had a new bow section fabricated in Kronstadt and it was mated with the ship on 21 July.[17] Kirov provided gunfire support during the defense of Tallinn and served as the flagship of the evacuation fleet from Tallinn to Leningrad at the end of August 1941.[18] For most of the rest of the war both cruisers were blockaded in Leningrad and Kronstadt by Axis minefields and could only provide gunfire support for the defenders during the Siege of Leningrad and support for the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive in mid—1944. Both ships were damaged by German air and artillery attacks, but were repaired during the war.[19]
Black Sea Fleet Edit
On 23 June 1941, Voroshilov covered Soviet destroyers bombarding Constanţa, but the destroyer leader Moskva was sunk by a mine and Kharkov was damaged by return fire. She bombarded Axis positions near Odessa in mid-September, but was transferred to Novorossiysk shortly afterwards. On 2 November, she was hit twice in harbor by Junkers Ju 88 bombers of KG 51; one hit started a fire in #3 magazine that was extinguished by water flooding in from the second hit.[20] She had to be towed to Poti for repairs, which lasted until February 1942. She shelled Axis positions near Feodosiya on 2 April 1942, but was damaged by some near misses on 10 April and had to return to Batumi for repairs. In May she supported Soviet troops around Kerch and the Taman Peninsula while helping to transfer the 9th Naval Infantry Brigade from Batumi to Sevastopol. On 29 November 1942, she was damaged by nearby mine explosions while bombarding Feodonisi, but managed to return to Poti under her own power. Just after her repairs were completed she assisted Soviet forces landing behind German lines at the so-called "Malaya Zemlya" at the end of January 1943. The loss of three destroyers to German aircraft attempting to interdict the German evacuation of the Taman Bridgehead on 6 October 1943 caused Stalin to forbid the deployment of large naval units without his express permission and this meant the end of Voroshilov's active participation in the war.[21]
Molotov was commissioned just before the German invasion and spent most of 1941 moving from port to port to take advantage of her air warning radar, the first fitted in the Soviet Navy. She bombarded Axis positions near Feodosiya in early November and was sent to reinforce Sevastopol with elements of the 386th Rifle Division from Poti. Damaged by a number of shell hits while off-loading troops on 29 December, she was still able to take 600 wounded when she departed. She reprised her role as a transport during the first week of January. Her bow was damaged during a heavy storm in Tuapse when it was thrown against the jetty on 21–22 January 1942. She spent most of the next month under repair, although her bow could not be straightened which reduced her speed by several knots. After making a number of bombardment sorties in support of Soviet troops on the Kerch Peninsula, she returned to Poti for more permanent repairs on 20 March. In June she made a number of transport runs in support of the garrison of Sevastopol. On 2 August her stern was blown off by torpedo bombers acting in concert with Italian MAS torpedo boats. The damage reduced her speed to 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and she had to be steered by her engines. She was under repair at Poti until 31 July 1943, using the stern of the incomplete Chapayev-class cruiser Frunze, the rudder of the incomplete cruiser Zheleznyakov, the steering gear from the Kaganovich and the steering sensor from the submarine L-25. She saw no action after completing her repairs due to Stalin's order.[22]
Pacific Fleet Edit
[2][3]Cruiser Lazar KaganovichEven though Lazar Kaganovich and Kalinin were both commissioned before the end of the war, they saw no action during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in 1945;[13] in any event, Lazar Kaganovich was not fully completed until 29 January 1947.[23]
Postwar careers Edit
Kirov was damaged by a German magnetic mine while leaving Kronstadt on 17 October 1945. She was under repair until 20 December 1946. Refitted from November 1949 to April 1953, her machinery was completely overhauled, with her radars, fire control systems and anti-aircraft guns being replaced by the latest Soviet systems. She was reclassified as a training cruiser on 2 August 1961, regularly visited Poland and East Germany, and was sold for scrap on 22 February 1974. Two of her gun turrets were installed at Saint Petersburg as a monument. Maxim Gorky tested the first Soviet naval helicopter, the Kamov Ka-10, in December 1950 and began her refit in mid-1953. This was planned much like Kirov's refit, although her displacement was to increase 1,000 tonnes (984 long tons) from torpedo bulges, with consequent penalties to her speed and range. The Navy reevaluated the scope of the work in 1955, deemed it insufficient to create a fully modern ship, and suspended the refit. Gorky was sold for scrap on 18 April 1959 after it was decided that she was not required as a missile test ship.[19]
Voroshilov began her postwar modernization in April 1954, but encountered the same issues as Maxim Gorky. Unlike her half-sister, she was selected for conversion as a testbed for missile development as Project 33 on 17 February 1956. The conversion process was quite prolonged, as her armament was removed and she received an entirely new superstructure and masts; and she was not recommissioned as OS-24 until 31 December 1961. She was modernized under Project 33M from 11 October 1963 to 1 December 1965. Converted to a floating barracks on 6 October 1972, she was briefly redesignated as PKZ-19 before being sold for scrap on 2 March 1973.[24] Voroshilov's 14-ton propeller and 2.5-ton stop anchor are on display at the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol on Sapun Mountain in Sevastopol.[25]
Molotov suffered a fire in the #2 turret handling room on 5 October 1946 which required the magazine to be flooded; 22 sailors were killed and 20 wounded. She was used as a testbed for the new radars intended for the Chapayev-class and Sverdlov-class cruisers in the late 1940s. Modernized like her half-sister Kirov between 1952 and 29 October 1955, she was renamed Slava on 3 August 1957 after Vyacheslav Molotov fell out of favor with Nikita Khrushchev. She was reclassified as a training cruiser on 3 August 1961 and deployed to the Mediterranean during 5–30 June 1967 to show Soviet support for Syria during the Six-Day War. She returned to the Mediterranean between September and December 1970 where she assisted the Kotlin-class destroyer Bravyi after the latter's collision with the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal on 9 November 1970. She was sold for scrap on 4 April 1972.[26]
Kalinin was placed in reserve on 1 May 1956, and was restored to the Navy List on 1 December 1957 before being disarmed and converted into a floating barracks on 6 February 1960. She was sold for scrap on 12 April 1963. Kaganovich was renamed Lazar Kaganovich on 3 August 1945 to distinguish her from Lazar's disgraced brother Mikhail Kaganovich. She was renamed Petropavlovsk on 3 August 1957 after Lazar Kaganovich was purged from the government after an unsuccessful coup against Nikita Khrushchev that same year. Her superstructure was badly damaged by a Force 12 typhoon on 19 September 1957 and she was deemed uneconomical to repair and sold for scrap on 6 February 1960.[23]
^ Yakubov and Worth, p. 83
^ Yakubov and Worth, pp. 83-4
^ a b c Yakubov and Worth, p. 85
^ a b c d Yakubov and Worth, p. 84
^ a b Yakubov and Worth, p. 90
^ "Серия 26 Киров" (in Russian). http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=100104. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
^ "Russian 180 mm/60 (7.1") B-1-K Pattern 1931 180 mm/57 (7.1") B-1-P Pattern 1932 180 mm/56 Pattern 1933". 7 October 2006. http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_71-57_m1932.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
^ Yakubov and Worth, pp. 84, 86-7
^ a b Yakubov and Worth, pp. 89-90
^ a b Whitley, p. 212
^ Rohwer, p. 7
^ Rohwer, pp. 81-2, 84
^ Rohwer, pp. 94-5
^ a b Yakubov and Worth, pp. 91, 93
^ Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol (2006) (in Russian). Sapun Mountain Guide. Simferopol: PoliPRESS Publisher. pp. 140.
^ Yakubov and Worth, p. 91, 95
Yakubov, Vladimir; Worth, Richard (2009). Jordan, John. ed. The Soviet Light Cruisers of the Kirov Class. Warship 2009. London: Conway. pp. 82–95. ISBN 978-1-84486-089-0.
Retrieved from "https://worldwartwo.wikia.org/wiki/Kirov_class_cruiser?oldid=13201"
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Nirvana, Alice In Chains & 5 Other Classic 'MTV Unplugged' Performances
Milan Italy, 25 February 1994, live concert of Nirvana at the Palatrussardi : The singer and guitarist of Nirvana, Kurt Cobain, during the concert - Image
Nirvana, Alice In Chains & 4 Other Classic ‘MTV Unplugged’ Performances
Erica Banas // Rock Music Reporter April 5th
Today (April 5) marks the 25th and 17th anniversaries of the passing of Nirvana’s Kurt Cobain and Alice In Chains’ Layne Staley.
Cobain and Staley were two voices that helped define a genre, a generation and a changing of the guard. Both were incredible forces live as evident in their performances on MTV Unplugged.
In their memory, take a look back on the Nirvana and Alice In Chains episodes of MTV Unplugged as well as these four other outstanding performances.
Recorded just five months before the untimely passing of Kurt Cobain, the band’s performance would later be released as the live LP MTV Unplugged in New York. It was Nirvana’s first release following Cobain’s death, and it would go on to win the Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album.
Nirvana - All Apologies (MTV Unplugged)
Best of Nirvana https://goo.gl/VfNZhY Subscribe for more https://goo.gl/3t6BF2 Music video by Nirvana performing All Apologies. (C) 1993 Geffen Records Best of Nirvana: https://goo.gl/phRJVc Subscribe here: https://goo.gl/DS7Geg
Equal parts extraordinary and bitter-sweet, AIC’s 1996 performance on MTV Unplugged was the band’s first performance together in over two years due to Staley’s issues with drug abuse. It would also be one of the band’s last high-profile gigs with the singer. In spite of that and Jerry Cantrell famously battling food poisoning, AIC’s set served as a reminder of why they were the first band to really break out of the fruitful Seattle music scene.
Alice In Chains - Down in a Hole (From MTV Unplugged)
"Down In A Hole" by Alice In Chains, MTV Unplugged Listen to the new album, Rainier Fog: https://aliceinchains.lnk.to/RainierFog On tour this spring and summer.
MTV Unplugged is just a goldmine of remarkable performances for anyone that loves rock from the ’90s. Stone Temple Pilots recorded their set in 1993, which marked the first time they performed “Big Empty.”
Big Empty (acoustic) - Stone Temple Pilots
"...these conversations kill..."
R.E.M is responsible for two marvelous MTV Unplugged performances from 1991 and 2001, which were both released in 2014 as Unplugged: The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions. Below is their set from 1991.
REM - 45 Minutes Live Performance ( 12 Songs In Stereo From REM On 10th April 1991 )
Track Listing REM MTV Studio Performace 1991 : 1. Half A World Away 2. Disturbance at the Heron House 3. Radio Song 4. Low 5. Perfect Circle 6. Fall on Me 7. Belong 8. Love Is All Around 9. Its The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine) 10.
Pearl Jam simply crushes it in this set from March 1992, about seven months after the release of Pearl Jam’s debut album Ten.
Jeremy (Live) - MTV Unplugged - Pearl Jam
Pearl Jam performing "Jeremy" from their 1992 MTV Unplugged concert in New York City. Get Pearl Jam's new album, Lightning Bolt, here: http://smarturl.it/PJLightningBolt SUBSCRIBE: https://pj.lnk.to/PJ_SubscribeYD LIKE on Facebook: https://pj.lnk.to/PJ_FacebookYD FOLLOW on Twitter: https://pj.lnk.to/PJ_TwitterYD FOLLOW on Instagram: https://pj.lnk.to/PJ_InstagramYD FOLLOW on Tumblr: https://pj.lnk.to/PJ_TumblrYD With nine studio albums, hundreds of live performances, and hundreds of live concert bootleg releases, Pearl Jam continues to be a major force in rock and roll today.
Later episodes in MTV Unplugged’s history are tragically overlooked, but this incredible set from Thirty Seconds To Mars more than holds its own thanks to Jared Leto’s dynamic vocal performance.
30 Seconds To Mars MTV Unplugged- Hurricane
30 Seconds To Mars MTV Unplugged
Erica Banas is a rock/classic rock blogger. The first man she ever loved was Jack Daniel. (True story.)
Alice In Chains,Kurt Cobain,Layne Staley,MTV Unplugged,Nirvana,Pearl Jam,R.E.M.,Stone Temple Pilots,Thirty Seconds To Mars
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Writers Boon Blog
Can Climate Fiction Save the World?
Lorin Robinson
Lorin Robinson is the author of the recently published Tales from The Warming, a 10-story anthology that takes readers all over the word and over time to experience the human impact of the warming crisis.
Used to be that when people ran out of things to say, conversations almost inevitably turned to the weather. But now conversations often begin with the weather as the impact of global warming becomes increasingly and lamentably apparent.
Global warming—let’s take the obvious linguistic shortcut and simply call it “the warming”—has until recently been framed primarily in scientific terms. What’s happening to our planet has been and is being thoroughly documented, described and defined by climate and earth science. But the science-based warnings about the climate crisis have largely gone unheeded.
Despite decades of red flags, recent polls indicate that fewer than 70 percent of Americans, for example, believe global warming is real and that the phenomenon’s existence is supported by solid evidence. Only nine percent rank the warming as their biggest worry. Polling data also puts the warming at the bottom of the list of American’s environmental concerns. Further, 57 percent do not expect it to threaten their ways of life.
The reasons for this apparent apathy are several. They include the long and well-financed campaign of disinformation, pseudo-science and lobbying mounted by the petrochemical, coal and utility industries to discredit the science behind the warnings. They have spent uncounted millions in an effort to convince the public that the warming isn’t real. Failing that, their focus shifted to blaming a “natural warming cycle” as the culprit instead of greenhouse gas emissions. Failing that, now we’re being told that the forecast negative impacts are exaggerated.
For another explanation we need to look inside our heads. It’s so difficult to change people’s minds or warn them of potential dangers because we employ mental defense mechanisms to protect us from information we believe to be threatening or contrary to our existing beliefs. The tools? Selective Exposure, Selective Perception and Selective Retention. If we can avoid aversive information, we chose not to expose ourselves to it; if we happen to be exposed, we modify the information to fit our preconceived notions; if we are unable to do either, we simply forget it more rapidly than information that’s not scary or with which we agree.
Then, too, science sometimes can be its own worst enemy.
Couching warnings in scientific jargon, statistics, charts and graphs can render people comatose.
Because writing about implications, “what ifs”, is outside the realm of objective science, people are left struggling to understand why they should care. They can’t relate what they’re reading and hearing to their own realities.
However, it’s been suggested that fiction based on warming scenarios proposed by climate science could help bridge the gap. Enter the recently named new literary genre—climate fiction (cli-fi).
In discussing her recent novel, Flight Behavior (2012), Barbara Kingsolver said:
“There’s a new term, cli-fi (for climate fiction, a play on sci-fi), that’s being used to describe books in which an altered climate is part of the plot. Dystopic novels used to concentrate only on hideous political regimes, as in George Orwell’s 1984. Now, however, they’re more likely to take place in a challenging landscape that no longer resembles the hospitable planet we’ve taken for granted.
“Why do we believe or disbelieve the evidence we see for climate change? I really wanted to look into how we make those choices and how it’s possible to begin a conversation across some of these divides between scientists and nonscientists, between rural and urban, between progressive and conservative.
“Science doesn't tell us what we should do,” Kingsolver wrote in Flight Behavior. “It only tells us what is.”
Climate fiction, of course, isn’t new. But the name is. In 2007, journalist Dan Bloom affixed the title “cli-fi” to what he saw as a distinct literary genre consisting of new and older fiction not correctly categorized.
Several well-known older dystopian works by British author J. G. Ballard, for example, dealt with climate-related natural disasters. In The Wind from Nowhere (1961), civilization is reduced by persistent hurricane-force winds. The Drowned World (1962) describes a future of melted ice-caps and rising sea-levels caused by solar radiation. In The Burning World (1964) his climate catastrophe is human-made, a drought due to disruption of the precipitation cycle by industrial pollution.
Today all three novels seem eerily prescient.
Margaret Atwood explored the subject in her dystopian trilogy Oryx and Crake (2003), The Year of the Flood (2009) and MaddAddam (2013). She presents a world where "social inequality, genetic technology and catastrophic climate change finally culminates in an apocalyptic event."
Definitions of climate fiction vary widely but most contain similar language: Literature that deals with climate change global warming. Not necessarily speculative in nature, works of cli-fi may take place in the world as we know it or in the near future.
Thus, Cli-fi has evolved from a subgenre of science fiction into a class of its own. Unlike traditional sci-fi, its stories seldom focus on imaginary technologies, alien invasions, space travel or faraway planets. Instead, the pivotal themes include the impact on civilization of pollution, rising sea levels, increasing temperatures and violent weather.
Can climate fiction help people bridge the gap between the unemotional and rudderless objectivity of science and the potentially devastating human impact of the warming? Do novels that explore what the world could become in the throes of the warming have the ability to motivate people to take the threat seriously and to consider what must be done to blunt its impact?
Some observers have expressed doubts, citing the very human tendency described earlier to avoid exposure to aversive or scary information. This way of approaching and imagining the warming, they say, is often bleak, paralyzing and not conducive to thinking about how we can begin to adapt, adjust and negate this potentially civilization-changing phenomenon.
They suggest that, unless efforts are made by authors to insert hope into their novels, reading cli-fi can leave one feeling profoundly powerless.
Stories, of course, can never be a solution in themselves, but they do have the capacity to inspire action.
As Atwood wrote in MaddAddam, “People need such stories, because, however dark, a darkness with voices in it is better than a silent void.”
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Blog Posts > Here’s Where the Affordable Care Act Stands Following Texas Judge’s Decision
Kelly Allen Director of Policy Engagement
Here’s Where the Affordable Care Act Stands Following Texas Judge’s Decision
Earlier this month, a US District Court Judge issued a ruling in the Texas v. Azar lawsuit brought by 20 state attorneys general, including West Virginia’s Patrick Morrisey. If upheld, this ruling would invalidate the entire Affordable Care Act (ACA), which includes many important provisions beyond the ACA’s marketplaces and pre-existing condition protections. It is almost unthinkable that West Virginia is a party to this lawsuit since its effects would devastate our state, where 36 percent of residents under 65 have pre-existing conditions and Medicaid covers 29 percent of the state.
For now, there are a few important things to know:
1. Nothing changes now. The Trump administration’s Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has affirmed that the ACA remains the law of the land pending appeal. Nothing changes for anyone who gets coverage through the Medicaid expansion or the ACA’s marketplaces on healthcare.gov. You will continue to have coverage.
2.This decision will be appealed, and legal experts from across the political spectrum believe that the decision is likely to be overturned by higher courts.
3.Despite that likelihood, if the decision is upheld, the entire ACA would be invalidated; and the results would be catastrophic, both for individuals and families who rely upon the ACA’s health programs and patient protections and for our state’s economy.
Eliminating the ACA would affect people who rely on the marketplaces, Medicaid expansion, Medicare, and their employers for healthcare. In West Virginia, it could have the following impacts:
-The loss of Medicaid expansion would threaten coverage for over 180,000 West Virginians and the nearly 16,000 jobs it created in the state. Without the ACA, West Virginia would lose $14 billion in federal funds over 10 years, according to the Urban Institute’s estimates.
-Over 30,000 West Virginians, who are not eligible for employer-sponsored coverage and purchased comprehensive health insurance, would risk losing the premium assistance that made their coverage affordable.
–Nearly 800,000 West Virginians with pre-existing conditions would be at risk of being charged higher premiums or losing their coverage.
-Insurers could again impose annual or lifetime limits on care.
-Young adults would no longer be able to remain covered on their parents’ insurance through age 26
-Insurers would no longer be required to cover essential benefits, including maternity care, substance use treatment, mental health care and prescription drugs.
-Seniors on Medicaid would see their prescription drug costs increase due to the Medicare donut hole
West Virginia has arguably benefited more than any other state from the Affordable Care Act. We have the highest percentage of adults with pre-existing conditions of any state in the country. We also saw the largest drop in the uninsured rate among all states following the implementation of the ACA, primarily thanks to the Medicaid expansion. Additionally, West Virginia was recently approved for a Medicaid waiver to provide substance-use treatment services, including medication-assisted treatment (MAT), that were previously not allowable with federal Medicaid dollars such as substance use disorder treatment.
The state would also suffer economically if the ACA’s provisions were eliminated. Because nearly 200,000 West Virginians would lose their health coverage, uncompensated care at hospitals would skyrocket. Spending on uncompensated care could swell to $5.8 billion over ten years, according to estimates from the Urban Institute. West Virginia could also lose 16,000 jobs and $16 billion in economic output, according to a George Washington University model of the ACA’s the economic impact. Reduced economic activity could also cause West Virginia to forfeit nearly $350 million in state and local tax revenues over five years.
These extraordinary economic effects demonstrate why it is so important that West Virginia’s lawmakers move quickly to protect the health care gains we’ve achieved under the ACA. First, West Virginia’s Attorney General Patrick Morrisey should pull our state out of the Texas v. Azar lawsuit that puts so many of his constituents’ health in jeopardy. Second, state lawmakers should enshrine the ACA’s patient protections into West Virginia law. Elected officials on both sides of the aisle have stated a commitment to preserving pre-existing condition protections.
To put their commitments into action, these leaders should adopt policies in the next session that several states have already enacted to incorporate the ACA’s guaranteed issue, pre-existing condition protections, and community rating standards into law. State lawmakers could and should ensure that West Virginians cannot be charged more or denied coverage for their pre-existing conditions.
Categories: Blog, Health
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[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Business and finance (2)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] banking and finance (2)
financier or moneylender (2)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] philanthropy, charity, and aid (1)
philanthropist (1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Transport (2)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] rail transport (2)
locomotive or carriage manufacturer (2)
Business and finance x
trade in commodities x
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banking and finance x
Forbes, John Murray (1813-1898), merchant, capitalist, and railroad developer
John Lauritz Larson
Forbes, John Murray (23 February 1813–12 October 1898), merchant, capitalist, and railroad developer, was born in Bordeaux, France, and raised in Milton, Massachusetts, the son of Ralph Bennet Forbes, a merchant, and Margaret Perkins. Through the generosity of his elder brother, Thomas Tunno Forbes, young John enjoyed five years of schooling at the experimental Round Hill School in Northampton, Massachusetts, before taking up a place in 1828 as a clerk to his uncles in Boston, the China traders James and ...
Green, John Cleve (1800-1875), philanthropist, railroad entrepreneur, and China trader
Richard Groves
Green, John Cleve (04 April 1800–29 April 1875), philanthropist, railroad entrepreneur, and China trader, was born in Lawrenceville (formerly Maidenhead), New Jersey, the son of Caleb Smith and Elizabeth Green. His great-great-grandfather, Jonathan Dickinson, was first president of the College of New Jersey, which later became Princeton University; this family connection would later play a great part in Princeton’s future....
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Thread: Drug Money-Laundering Bank Was Big Obama Donor
ALIPAC
Gheen, Minnesota, United States
Drug Money-Laundering Bank Was Big Obama Donor
BY: Washington Free Beacon Staff
Europe’s largest bank, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), is negotiating a settlement with U.S. federal prosecutors for violating anti-money laundering laws, according to Reuters.
HSBC Holdings Plc might pay a fine of $1.8 billion as part of a settlement with US law-enforcement agencies over money-laundering lapses, according to several people familiar with the matter.
The settlement with Europe’s biggest bank—which could be announced as soon as next week—will likely involve HSBC entering into a deferred prosecution agreement with federal prosecutors, said the sources, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
President Barack Obama received more than $75,000 from HSBC during the 2008 and 2012 campaigns.
HSBC was hardly blindsided by the probe. The bank set aside $1.5 billion last month in preparation for a similar fine owed to the Mexican government for related violations. The cost for breaching laws in America may be “significantly higher,” according to Chief Executive Stuart Gulliver.
A July Senate Subcommittee report revealed that HSBC “exposed the U.S. financial system to a wide array of money laundering, drug trafficking, and terrorist financing risks due to poor anti-money laundering (AML) controls.” Sen. Carl Levin (D., Mich.) was the subcommittee chairman who oversaw investigations:
HSBC used its U.S. bank as a gateway into the U.S. financial system for some HSBC affiliates around the world to provide U.S. dollar services to clients while playing fast and loose with U.S. banking rules. Due to poor AML controls, HBUS exposed the United States to Mexican drug money, suspicious travelers cheques, bearer share corporations, and rogue jurisdictions. The bank’s federal bank regulator, the OCC, tolerated HSBC’s weak AML system for years. If an international bank won’t police its own affiliates to stop illicit money, the regulatory agencies should consider whether to revoke the charter of the U.S. bank being used to aid and abet that illicit money.
Money-Laundering Bank Was Big Obama Donor | Washington Free Beacon
Last edited by HAPPY2BME; 12-12-2012 at 07:00 PM. Reason: format
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Newmexican
Heart of Dixie
So was it's predecessor, Wachovia.
Whistleblower Who Blew the Lid Off the 2010 Multi-Million Dollar Wachovia Money Laundering Scandal Asks “Has Anything Changed”?
Despite all of the talk about reform in banking procedures and compliance, little has changed in the industry. AML Services International LLC has gathered the foremost experts on the subject to analyze this issue in an upcoming seminar in New York.
WEBWIRE – Thursday, June 14, 2012
Thirteen years after the Bank of New York money laundering scandal, and two years after the largest anti-money laundering penalty ever imposed on a U.S. bank, questions of compliance attitude still loom. Martin Woods, who investigated bank officials of Bank of New York, and who blew the lid off the 2010 Wachovia money laundering scandal, believes that little has changed.
“I investigated Bank of New York employees for the laundering of $10B of money of dubious Russian origin through the bank. That was 1999, so what has changed? I am not convinced there has been sufficient change in attitudes and culture at banks,” says Woods.
Law-enforcement scrutiny is increasingly focused on narcotics proceeds moving between the U.S. and Mexico. Wachovia Bank (now Wells Fargo) received $160 million in money laundering penalties in 2010, the largest penalty ever obtained under federal anti money laundering laws. The bank acknowledged its failure to adequately monitor the billions of dollars it processed for Mexican currency-exchange houses between 2004 and 2007, a money flow including at least $110 million of narcotics proceeds from Mexican drug cartels. The bank escaped prosecution, and so far, no employees have been indicted.
The lack of prosecutions of American financial institutions and senior management is frustrating. “Within the "Occupy" movement, perhaps we need a small group of former compliance officers who work to eliminate bad compliance practices,” he says.
The $160M penalty against Wachovia was supposed to send a message to the financial institutions that compliance mistakes can be costly. But banks make too much money moving dirty money. "There is a great imbalance in the trillions of dollars banks earn by moving dirty money and the tiny part of that money that’s being paid in penalties" says Saskia Rietbroek, partner of www.nomoneylaundering.com.
All these cases are connected. The Mexican money exchange houses, which were laundering money for the Mexican cartels, first banked with Union Bank of California. When this bank left the Mexican market because of regulatory pressure, Wachovia took over these clients. In just the three years, Wachovia processed $373 billion in wire transfers, $47 billion in checks and $4 billion in bulk cash deposits from the currency exchanges. When Wachovia left the Mexican market after receiving a $160M penalty for laundering, who took over the business? HSBC was Wachovia’s competitor in Mexico. HSBC was criticized in a 2010 enforcement action for having inadequate anti-money laundering controls in bulk cash and foreign correspondent banking. “The parallels with the Wachovia case appear to be striking,” says Rietbroek.
Rietbroek further adds “Earlier this year, HSBC put a $1B reserve on its balance sheet for enforcement actions. That points to more than just “inadequate anti-money laundering policies and procedures”. That points to dirty money.”
HSBC Holdings PLC is reported under investigation by a U.S. Senate panel in a money-laundering inquiry.
“The money that Wachovia has admitted laundering came from Mexico, the drugs come from and through Mexico, the 50,000+ murders took place in Mexico. All of these things are connected, this is the big picture.” says Woods.
Money laundering is not a victimless crime. The money people seek to launder through banks is connected to major crime, drug trafficking, people trafficking and murder. Our action or inaction can have a real impact upon the outcome.
“I hope to teach people who work in compliance and want to do the right thing. I am not sure what it takes to change attitudes and cultures at big financial institutions. The Dodd Frank Act will lead to more changes and more instances of whistleblowing. Firms need to have an internal program which engenders the confidence of both employees and regulators. The public is fast running out of patience. The media has shown them the connections between the drugs, the guns, the murders and the laundering and they want action,” says Woods.
Dennis Lormel, a former FBI agent, says: “The most surprising and troubling thing I realize is that the “tone at the top” in all these cases was not one of compliance. One would think that the marquee cases of the last few years would have changed that mind set. The still unfolding Wal-Mart case demonstrates the fracture between the business side of a major company and the compliance side. It also demonstrates that the business side trumps the compliance side.”
Lormel, Woods and Rietbroek will be speaking at a www.nomoneylaundering.comSeminar in New York on June 21, featuring intense compliance training using real life enforcement cases including HSBC, Wachovia, Lebanese Canadian Bank, Wal-Mart corruption, critical AML trends, challenges of working as a compliance officer wanting to do the right thing, and detecting money laundering and terrorist financing.
Our goal is to enhance the expertise, the ethics policies and operations and professionalism of people who work in anti-money laundering,” said Saskia Rietbroek, Partner at AML Services International.
Top recipients of campaign contributions from Wachovia, in 2008.
From Open Secrets.org
Senate Obama, Barack (D-IL) $282,751
Senate McCain, John (R-AZ) $199,663
Senate Clinton, Hillary (D-NY) $109,250
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Sounds like he UN was on board.
Drug money saved banks in global crisis, claims UN advisor
Drugs and crime chief says $352bn in criminal proceeds was effectively laundered by financial institutions
The Observer, Saturday 12 December 2009
Drugs money worth billions of dollars kept the financial system afloat at the height of the global crisis, the United Nations' drugs and crime tsar has told the Observer.
Antonio Maria Costa, head of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, said he has seen evidence that the proceeds of organised crime were "the only liquid investment capital" available to some banks on the brink of collapse last year. He said that a majority of the $352bn (£216bn) of drugs profits was absorbed into the economic system as a result.
This will raise questions about crime's influence on the economic system at times of crisis. It will also prompt further examination of the banking sector as world leaders, including Barack Obama and Gordon Brown, call for new International Monetary Fund regulations. Speaking from his office in Vienna, Costa said evidence that illegal money was being absorbed into the financial system was first drawn to his attention by intelligence agencies and prosecutors around 18 months ago. "In many instances, the money from drugs was the only liquid investment capital. In the second half of 2008, liquidity was the banking system's main problem and hence liquid capital became an important factor," he said.
Some of the evidence put before his office indicated that gang money was used to save some banks from collapse when lending seized up, he said.
"Inter-bank loans were funded by money that originated from the drugs trade and other illegal activities... There were signs that some banks were rescued that way." Costa declined to identify countries or banks that may have received any drugs money, saying that would be inappropriate because his office is supposed to address the problem, not apportion blame. But he said the money is now a part of the official system and had been effectively laundered.
"That was the moment [last year] when the system was basically paralysed because of the unwillingness of banks to lend money to one another. The progressive liquidisation to the system and the progressive improvement by some banks of their share values [has meant that] the problem [of illegal money] has become much less serious than it was," he said.
The IMF estimated that large US and European banks lost more than $1tn on toxic assets and from bad loans from January 2007 to September 2009 and more than 200 mortgage lenders went bankrupt. Many major institutions either failed, were acquired under duress, or were subject to government takeover.
Gangs are now believed to make most of their profits from the drugs trade and are estimated to be worth £352bn, the UN says. They have traditionally kept proceeds in cash or moved it offshore to hide it from the authorities. It is understood that evidence that drug money has flowed into banks came from officials in Britain, Switzerland, Italy and the US.
British bankers would want to see any evidence that Costa has to back his claims. A British Bankers' Association spokesman said: "We have not been party to any regulatory dialogue that would support a theory of this kind. There was clearly a lack of liquidity in the system and to a large degree this was filled by the intervention of central banks."
http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2009/dec/13/drug-money-banks-saved-un-cfief-claims
HAPPY2BME and AirborneSapper7 like this.
HAPPY2BME
ADDED TO ALIPAC HOMEPAGE News with amended title ..
http://www.alipac.us/content/drug-mo...ma-donor-1203/
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HSBC: TOO BIG TO JAIL
by SYDNEY WILLIAMS 15 Dec 2012
It is not often that I find myself in agreement with the editorial page of the New York Times, but I did on Wednesday. The Times criticized the $1.92 billion settlement agreed to by HSBC as “a dark day for the rule of law.” No bank executives, according to the LA Times, were charged. While $1.92 billion sounds like a lot, it is about 0.06% of the banks $2.6 trillion in assets. All banks stretch the limits and meaning of regulation. HSBC, the world’s third largest bank, and one that has been frequently warned, has simply been the most egregious. Without the rule of law, civil society devolves into either totalitarianism or anarchy.
The problem is not just the fact that no one at HSBC was jailed for criminal activities that make Jessie James, Willie Sutton and Bernie Madoff look like amateurs; it is that there seems to be collusion between the bad guys (the big banks) and government. The government imposes fines, which appear steep but are manageable, payable to the agencies charged with monitoring their behavior. It is symbiotic, crony capitalism. Banks simply look at fines as a regular cost of doing business. Agencies view them as a source of revenues. It is the public, the bank’s customers and shareholders who bear the cost. Society’s moral fiber becomes weakened.
What HSBC did was knowingly launder money for drug cartels in Mexico and Colombia, and provide banking services for countries known to harbor terrorists and for exporting terrorism. Both are in contradiction with stated American policy, but more importantly, both violate common rules of humanity. Mexican drug lords are not known for their niceties. According to the current issue of the Economist, 60,000 Mexicans, including 60 mayors, have been killed in the past six years. Bloomberg reports that the cartels used cash boxes precisely the dimensions of “tellers’ windows in HSBC’s Mexican branches.” Colombian narcotics dealers sell drugs in the U.S and then send the funds to Mexican banks to be converted into Colombian pesos. Additionally, the bank has provided banking services for countries like Cuba, Iran, Libya and Sudan. Stuart Gulliver, CEO of HSBC, in paying the fine and accepting responsibility, said “We are profoundly sorry” for what his bank did. Really?
American officials said that they were fearful of imposing punishment so severe that a bank could be destroyed in the process. Fed officials have little concern about smaller banks and the hedge fund industry, which they persist in trying to topple. But big banks remain in a class by themselves. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) praised the settlement saying that it sends a “powerful wake-up call to multinational banks about the consequences of disregarding their anti-money-laundering obligations.” I suspect the real message is get big enough and you won’t have to worry. It seems beyond credibility that executives who so blatantly violated federal laws should be allowed to go free. While HSBC stock, at $51.68, remains below its all-time high price of $99.52 set in October 2007, it is up 36% year-to-date – not too shabby.
Despite the reluctance of the federal government to prosecute executives of very large banks who have violated more laws than Willie Sutton, we are living, according to the New York Times, in “the era of the star prosecutor in white-collar crime.” The paper noted that Preet Bharara, U. S. Attorney for Manhattan, was on the cover of Time magazine and got a shout-out from Bruce Springsteen during a recent concert, because of his decision to go after hedge funds for “insider trading.”Certainly trading on inside information is wrong and deserves punishment, but in a world in which information flows like the Mississippi it is difficult to determine what is right and what is wrong. The real reason the Bharara’s of the world go after hedge fund managers is because of the widely spread notoriety of their incomes, which, admittedly, seem excessive at a time of persistent high unemployment. However, their incomes are paid by sophisticated investors. Nevertheless, even if their crimes prove true, their actions pale in comparison to the practices of banks like HSBC. The bank laundered $881 million from drug cartels like Sinaloa in Mexico and Norte del Valle in Colombia. Thousands of deaths have resulted from these cartels and millions of Americans have suffered the consequences of their products. The same bank violated sanctions imposed against regimes by our government. The sanctions were meant to contain terrorist activity. Are not these crimes far more damaging to our society than those highly publicized investigations into the possibility that some hedge funds traded on information that may or may not have been received legitimately?
What message about our society does all this send to our children and to all those who strive to play by the rules? You can escape punishment if you become an executive at a bank “too big to fail and jail,” As a prosecutor, you get shout-outs from rock stars if you indict a well known hedge fund manager, even if his innocent. If, as a hedge fund manager, you achieve enormous financial success you are automatically deemed a piranha to society, and thus a target for an over-eager prosecutor looking to add another notch to his holster. Firms too small to defend themselves are deemed small enough to fail and jail. It is a rotten message, but unfortunately one that captures the spirit of the downward spiral of our culture.
AirborneSapper7
South West Florida (Behind friendly lines but still in Occupied Territory)
Too Big to Indict
It is a dark day for the rule of law. Federal and state authorities have chosen not to indict HSBC, the London-based bank, on charges of vast and prolonged money laundering, for fear that criminal prosecution would topple the bank and, in the process, endanger the financial system. They also have not charged any top HSBC banker in the case, though it boggles the mind that a bank could launder money as HSBC did without anyone in a position of authority making culpable decisions.
Clearly, the government has bought into the notion that too big to fail is too big to jail. When prosecutors choose not to prosecute to the full extent of the law in a case as egregious as this, the law itself is diminished. The deterrence that comes from the threat of criminal prosecution is weakened, if not lost.
In the HSBC case, prosecutors may want the public to focus on the $1.92 billion settlement, which includes forfeiture of $1.26 billion and other penalties, as well as requirements to improve its internal controls and submit to the oversight of an outside monitor for the next five years. But even large financial settlements are small compared with the size of international major banks. More important, once criminal sanctions are considered off limits, penalties and forfeitures become just another cost of doing business, a risk factor to consider on the road to profits.
There is no doubt that the wrongdoing at HSBC was serious and pervasive. Several foreign banks have been fined in recent years for flouting United States sanctions against transferring money through American subsidiaries on behalf of clients in countries like Iran, Sudan and Cuba. HSBC’s actions were even more egregious.
According to several law enforcement officials with knowledge of the inquiry, prosecutors found that, for years, HSBC had also moved tainted money from Mexican drug cartels and Saudi banks with ties to terrorist groups.
Those findings echo those of a Congressional report, issued in July, which said that between 2001 and 2010, HSBC exposed the American “financial system to money laundering and terrorist financing risks.” Prosecutors and Congressional investigators were also alarmed by indications that senior HSBC officials might have been complicit in the illegal activity and that the bank did not tighten its lax controls against money laundering even after repeated urgings from federal officials.
Yet government officials will argue that it is counterproductive to levy punishment so severe that a bank could be destroyed in the process. That may be true as far as it goes. But if banks operating at the center of the global economy cannot be held fully accountable, the solution is to reduce their size by breaking them up and restricting their activities — not shield them and their leaders from prosecution for illegal activities.
A version of this editorial appeared in print on December 12, 2012, on page A38 of the New York edition with the headline: Too Big to Indict.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/12/op...dict.html?_r=1&
Under Obama's Pay Re-election off Money Pay Off system you only go to prison if you are a Serf
http://www.alipac.us/f19/gulag-ameri...8/#post1318397
HSBC on the other hand as purchased their freedom with other peoples money
so basically Obama gave them a get out of jail free card for a financial pay-off
you used to go to prison for this... the Money Laundering and Bribary as well as excepting the bribes
if you are a plebe / Serf ... your ass is going Bye Bye
http://www.alipac.us/f19/mainstream-...6/#post1318502
Monkeys & Cocaine: HSBC money laundering case - YouTube
How a big US bank laundered billions from Mexico's murderous drug gangs
As the violence spread, billions of dollars of cartel cash began to seep into the global financial system. But a special investigation by the Observer reveals how the increasingly frantic warnings of one London whistleblower were ignored
Ed Vulliamy
The Observer, Saturday 2 April 2011
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A soldier guards marijuana that is being incinerated in Tijuana, Mexico. Photograph: Guillermo Arias/AP
On 10 April 2006, a DC-9 jet landed in the port city of Ciudad del Carmen, on the Gulf of Mexico, as the sun was setting. Mexican soldiers, waiting to intercept it, found 128 cases packed with 5.7 tons of cocaine, valued at $100m. But something else – more important and far-reaching – was discovered in the paper trail behind the purchase of the plane by the Sinaloa narco-trafficking cartel.
During a 22-month investigation by agents from the US Drug Enforcement Administration, the Internal Revenue Service and others, it emerged that the cocaine smugglers had bought the plane with money they had laundered through one of the biggest banks in the United States: Wachovia, now part of the giant Wells Fargo.
The authorities uncovered billions of dollars in wire transfers, traveller's cheques and cash shipments through Mexican exchanges into Wachovia accounts. Wachovia was put under immediate investigation for failing to maintain an effective anti-money laundering programme. Of special significance was that the period concerned began in 2004, which coincided with the first escalation of violence along the US-Mexico border that ignited the current drugs war.
Criminal proceedings were brought against Wachovia, though not against any individual, but the case never came to court. In March 2010, Wachovia settled the biggest action brought under the US bank secrecy act, through the US district court in Miami. Now that the year's "deferred prosecution" has expired, the bank is in effect in the clear. It paid federal authorities $110m in forfeiture, for allowing transactions later proved to be connected to drug smuggling, and incurred a $50m fine for failing to monitor cash used to ship 22 tons of cocaine.
More shocking, and more important, the bank was sanctioned for failing to apply the proper anti-laundering strictures to the transfer of $378.4bn – a sum equivalent to one-third of Mexico's gross national product – into dollar accounts from so-called casas de cambio (CDCs) in Mexico, currency exchange houses with which the bank did business.
"Wachovia's blatant disregard for our banking laws gave international cocaine cartels a virtual carte blanche to finance their operations," said Jeffrey Sloman, the federal prosecutor. Yet the total fine was less than 2% of the bank's $12.3bn profit for 2009. On 24 March 2010, Wells Fargo stock traded at $30.86 – up 1% on the week of the court settlement.
The conclusion to the case was only the tip of an iceberg, demonstrating the role of the "legal" banking sector in swilling hundreds of billions of dollars – the blood money from the murderous drug trade in Mexico and other places in the world – around their global operations, now bailed out by the taxpayer.
At the height of the 2008 banking crisis, Antonio Maria Costa, then head of the United Nations office on drugs and crime, said he had evidence to suggest the proceeds from drugs and crime were "the only liquid investment capital" available to banks on the brink of collapse. "Inter-bank loans were funded by money that originated from the drugs trade," he said. "There were signs that some banks were rescued that way."
Wachovia was acquired by Wells Fargo during the 2008 crash, just as Wells Fargo became a beneficiary of $25bn in taxpayers' money. Wachovia's prosecutors were clear, however, that there was no suggestion Wells Fargo had behaved improperly; it had co-operated fully with the investigation. Mexico is the US's third largest international trading partner and Wachovia was understandably interested in this volume of legitimate trade.
José Luis Marmolejo, who prosecuted those running one of the casas de cambio at the Mexican end, said: "Wachovia handled all the transfers. They never reported any as suspicious."
"As early as 2004, Wachovia understood the risk," the bank admitted in the statement of settlement with the federal government, but, "despite these warnings, Wachovia remained in the business". There is, of course, the legitimate use of CDCs as a way into the Hispanic market. In 2005 the World Bank said that Mexico was receiving $8.1bn in remittances.
During research into the Wachovia Mexican case, the Observer obtained documents previously provided to financial regulators. It emerged that the alarm that was ignored came from, among other places, London, as a result of the diligence of one of the most important whistleblowers of our time. A man who, in a series of interviews with the Observer, adds detail to the documents, laying bare the story of how Wachovia was at the centre of one of the world's biggest money-laundering operations.
Martin Woods, a Liverpudlian in his mid-40s, joined the London office of Wachovia Bank in February 2005 as a senior anti-money laundering officer. He had previously served with the Metropolitan police drug squad. As a detective he joined the money-laundering investigation team of the National Crime Squad, where he worked on the British end of the Bank of New York money-laundering scandal in the late 1990s.
Woods talks like a police officer – in the best sense of the word: punctilious, exact, with a roguish humour, but moral at the core. He was an ideal appointment for any bank eager to operate a diligent and effective risk management policy against the lucrative scourge of high finance: laundering, knowing or otherwise, the vast proceeds of criminality, tax-evasion, and dealing in arms and drugs.
Woods had a police officer's eye and a police officer's instincts – not those of a banker. And this influenced not only his methods, but his mentality. "I think that a lot of things matter more than money – and that marks you out in a culture which appears to prevail in many of the banks in the world," he says.
Woods was set apart by his modus operandi. His speciality, he explains, was his application of a "know your client", or KYC, policing strategy to identifying dirty money. "KYC is a fundamental approach to anti-money laundering, going after tax evasion or counter-terrorist financing. Who are your clients? Is the documentation right? Good, responsible banking involved always knowing your customer and it still does."
When he looked at Wachovia, the first thing Woods noticed was a deficiency in KYC information. And among his first reports to his superiors at the bank's headquarters in Charlotte, North Carolina, were observations on a shortfall in KYC at Wachovia's operation in London, which he set about correcting, while at the same time implementing what was known as an enhanced transaction monitoring programme, gathering more information on clients whose money came through the bank's offices in the City, in sterling or euros. By August 2006, Woods had identified a number of suspicious transactions relating to casas de cambio customers in Mexico.
Primarily, these involved deposits of traveller's cheques in euros. They had sequential numbers and deposited larger amounts of money than any innocent travelling person would need, with inadequate or no KYC information on them and what seemed to a trained eye to be dubious signatures. "It was basic work," he says. "They didn't answer the obvious questions: 'Is the transaction real, or does it look synthetic? Does the traveller's cheque meet the protocols? Is it all there, and if not, why not?'"
Woods discussed the matter with Wachovia's global head of anti-money laundering for correspondent banking, who believed the cheques could signify tax evasion. He then undertook what banks call a "look back" at previous transactions and saw fit to submit a series of SARs, or suspicious activity reports, to the authorities in the UK and his superiors in Charlotte, urging the blocking of named parties and large series of sequentially numbered traveller's cheques from Mexico. He issued a number of SARs in 2006, of which 50 related to the casas de cambio in Mexico. To his amazement, the response from Wachovia's Miami office, the centre for Latin American business, was anything but supportive – he felt it was quite the reverse.
As it turned out, however, Woods was on the right track. Wachovia's business in Mexico was coming under closer and closer scrutiny by US federal law enforcement. Wachovia was issued with a number of subpoenas for information on its Mexican operation. Woods has subsequently been informed that Wachovia had six or seven thousand subpoenas. He says this was "An absurd number. So at what point does someone at the highest level not get the feeling that something is very, very wrong?"
In April and May 2007, Wachovia – as a result of increasing interest and pressure from the US attorney's office – began to close its relationship with some of the casas de cambio. But rather than launch an internal investigation into Woods's alerts over Mexico, Woods claims Wachovia hung its own money-laundering expert out to dry.
The records show that during 2007 Woods "continued to submit more SARs related to the casas de cambio".
In July 2007, all of Wachovia's remaining 10 Mexican casa de cambio clients operating through London suddenly stopped doing so. Later in 2007, after the investigation of Wachovia was reported in the US financial media, the bank decided to end its remaining relationships with the Mexican casas de cambio globally. By this time, Woods says, he found his personal situation within the bank untenable; while the bank acted on one level to protect itself from the federal investigation into its shortcomings, on another, it rounded on the man who had been among the first to spot them.
On 16 June Woods was told by Wachovia's head of compliance that his latest SAR need not have been filed, that he had no legal requirement to investigate an overseas case and no right of access to documents held overseas from Britain, even if they were held by Wachovia.
Woods's life went into freefall. He went to hospital with a prolapsed disc, reported sick and was told by the bank that he not done so in the appropriate manner, as directed by the employees' handbook. He was off work for three weeks, returning in August 2007 to find a letter from the bank's compliance managing director, which was unrelenting in its tone and words of warning.
The letter addressed itself to what the manager called "specific examples of your failure to perform at an acceptable standard". Woods, on the edge of a breakdown, was put on sick leave by his GP; he was later given psychiatric treatment, enrolled on a stress management course and put on medication.
Late in 2007, Woods attended a function at Scotland Yard where colleagues from the US were being entertained. There, he sought out a representative of the Drug Enforcement Administration and told him about the casas de cambio, the SARs and his employer's reaction. The Federal Reserve and officials of the office of comptroller of currency in Washington DC then "spent a lot of time examining the SARs" that had been sent by Woods to Charlotte from London.
"They got back in touch with me a while afterwards and we began to put the pieces of the jigsaw together," says Woods. What they found was – as Costa says – the tip of the iceberg of what was happening to drug money in the banking industry, but at least it was visible and it had a name: Wachovia.
In June 2005, the DEA, the criminal division of the Internal Revenue Service and the US attorney's office in southern Florida began investigating wire transfers from Mexico to the US. They were traced back to correspondent bank accounts held by casas de cambio at Wachovia. The CDC accounts were supervised and managed by a business unit of Wachovia in the bank's Miami offices.
"Through CDCs," said the court document, "persons in Mexico can use hard currency and … wire transfer the value of that currency to US bank accounts to purchase items in the United States or other countries. The nature of the CDC business allows money launderers the opportunity to move drug dollars that are in Mexico into CDCs and ultimately into the US banking system.
"On numerous occasions," say the court papers, "monies were deposited into a CDC by a drug-trafficking organisation. Using false identities, the CDC then wired that money through its Wachovia correspondent bank accounts for the purchase of airplanes for drug-trafficking organisations." The court settlement of 2010 would detail that "nearly $13m went through correspondent bank accounts at Wachovia for the purchase of aircraft to be used in the illegal narcotics trade. From these aircraft, more than 20,000kg of cocaine were seized."
All this occurred despite the fact that Wachovia's office was in Miami, designated by the US government as a "high-intensity money laundering and related financial crime area", and a "high-intensity drug trafficking area". Since the drug cartel war began in 2005, Mexico had been designated a high-risk source of money laundering.
"As early as 2004," the court settlement would read, "Wachovia understood the risk that was associated with doing business with the Mexican CDCs. Wachovia was aware of the general industry warnings. As early as July 2005, Wachovia was aware that other large US banks were exiting the CDC business based on [anti-money laundering] concerns … despite these warnings, Wachovia remained in business."
On 16 March 2010, Douglas Edwards, senior vice-president of Wachovia Bank, put his signature to page 10 of a 25-page settlement, in which the bank admitted its role as outlined by the prosecutors. On page 11, he signed again, as senior vice-president of Wells Fargo. The documents show Wachovia providing three services to 22 CDCs in Mexico: wire transfers, a "bulk cash service" and a "pouch deposit service", to accept "deposit items drawn on US banks, eg cheques and traveller's cheques", as spotted by Woods.
"For the time period of 1 May 2004 through 31 May 2007, Wachovia processed at least $$373.6bn in CDCs, $4.7bn in bulk cash" – a total of more than $378.3bn, a sum that dwarfs the budgets debated by US state and UK local authorities to provide services to citizens.
The document gives a fascinating insight into how the laundering of drug money works. It details how investigators "found readily identifiable evidence of red flags of large-scale money laundering". There were "structured wire transfers" whereby "it was commonplace in the CDC accounts for round-number wire transfers to be made on the same day or in close succession, by the same wire senders, for the … same account".
Over two days, 10 wire transfers by four individuals "went though Wachovia for deposit into an aircraft broker's account. All of the transfers were in round numbers. None of the individuals of business that wired money had any connection to the aircraft or the entity that allegedly owned the aircraft. The investigation has further revealed that the identities of the individuals who sent the money were false and that the business was a shell entity. That plane was subsequently seized with approximately 2,000kg of cocaine on board."
Many of the sequentially numbered traveller's cheques, of the kind dealt with by Woods, contained "unusual markings" or "lacked any legible signature". Also, "many of the CDCs that used Wachovia's bulk cash service sent significantly more cash to Wachovia than what Wachovia had expected. More specifically, many of the CDCs exceeded their monthly activity by at least 50%."
Recognising these "red flags", the US attorney's office in Miami, the IRS and the DEA began investigating Wachovia, later joined by FinCEN, one of the US Treasury's agencies to fight money laundering, while the office of the comptroller of the currency carried out a parallel investigation. The violations they found were, says the document, "serious and systemic and allowed certain Wachovia customers to launder millions of dollars of proceeds from the sale of illegal narcotics through Wachovia accounts over an extended time period. The investigation has identified that at least $110m in drug proceeds were funnelled through the CDC accounts held at Wachovia."
The settlement concludes by discussing Wachovia's "considerable co-operation and remedial actions" since the prosecution was initiated, after the bank was bought by Wells Fargo. "In consideration of Wachovia's remedial actions," concludes the prosecutor, "the United States shall recommend to the court … that prosecution of Wachovia on the information filed … be deferred for a period of 12 months."
But while the federal prosecution proceeded, Woods had remained out in the cold. On Christmas Eve 2008, his lawyers filed tribunal proceedings against Wachovia for bullying and detrimental treatment of a whistleblower. The case was settled in May 2009, by which time Woods felt as though he was "the most toxic person in the bank". Wachovia agreed to pay an undisclosed amount, in return for which Woods left the bank and said he would not make public the terms of the settlement.
After years of tribulation, Woods was finally formally vindicated, though not by Wachovia: a letter arrived from John Dugan, the comptroller of the currency in Washington DC, dated 19 March 2010 – three days after the settlement in Miami. Dugan said he was "writing to personally recognise and express my appreciation for the role you played in the actions brought against Wachovia Bank for violations of the bank secrecy act … Not only did the information that you provided facilitate our investigation, but you demonstrated great personal courage and integrity by speaking up. Without the efforts of individuals like you, actions such as the one taken against Wachovia would not be possible."
The so-called "deferred prosecution" detailed in the Miami document is a form of probation whereby if the bank abides by the law for a year, charges are dropped. So this March the bank was in the clear. The week that the deferred prosecution expired, a spokeswoman for Wells Fargo said the parent bank had no comment to make on the documentation pertaining to Woods's case, or his allegations. She added that there was no comment on Sloman's remarks to the court; a provision in the settlement stipulated Wachovia was not allowed to issue public statements that contradicted it.
But the settlement leaves a sour taste in many mouths – and certainly in Woods's. The deferred prosecution is part of this "cop-out all round", he says. "The regulatory authorities do not have to spend any more time on it, and they don't have to push it as far as a criminal trial. They just issue criminal proceedings, and settle. The law enforcement people do what they are supposed to do, but what's the point? All those people dealing with all that money from drug-trafficking and murder, and no one goes to jail?"
One of the foremost figures in the training of anti-money laundering officers is Robert Mazur, lead infiltrator for US law enforcement of the Colombian Medellín cartel during the epic prosecution and collapse of the BCCI banking business in 1991 (his story was made famous by his memoir, The Infiltrator, which became a movie).
Mazur, whose firm Chase and Associates works closely with law enforcement agencies and trains officers for bank anti-money laundering, cast a keen eye over the case against Wachovia, and he says now that "the only thing that will make the banks properly vigilant to what is happening is when they hear the rattle of handcuffs in the boardroom".
Mazur said that "a lot of the law enforcement people were disappointed to see a settlement" between the administration and Wachovia. "But I know there were external circumstances that worked to Wachovia's benefit, not least that the US banking system was on the edge of collapse."
What concerns Mazur is that what law enforcement agencies and politicians hope to achieve against the cartels is limited, and falls short of the obvious attack the US could make in its war on drugs: go after the money. "We're thinking way too small," Mazur says. "I train law enforcement officers, thousands of them every year, and they say to me that if they tried to do half of what I did, they'd be arrested. But I tell them: 'You got to think big. The headlines you will be reading in seven years' time will be the result of the work you begin now.' With BCCI, we had to spend two years setting it up, two years doing undercover work, and another two years getting it to trial. If they want to do something big, like go after the money, that's how long it takes."
But Mazur warns: "If you look at the career ladders of law enforcement, there's no incentive to go after the big money. People move every two to three years. The DEA is focused on drug trafficking rather than money laundering. You get a quicker result that way – they want to get the traffickers and seize their assets. But this is like treating a sick plant by cutting off a few branches – it just grows new ones. Going after the big money is cutting down the plant – it's a harder door to knock on, it's a longer haul, and it won't get you the short-term riches."
The office of the comptroller of the currency is still examining whether individuals in Wachovia are criminally liable. Sources at FinCEN say that a so-called "look-back" is in process, as directed by the settlement and agreed to by Wachovia, into the $378.4bn that was not directly associated with the aircraft purchases and cocaine hauls, but neither was it subject to the proper anti-laundering checks. A FinCEN source says that $20bn already examined appears to have "suspicious origins". But this is just the beginning.
Antonio Maria Costa, who was executive director of the UN's office on drugs and crime from May 2002 to August 2010, charts the history of the contamination of the global banking industry by drug and criminal money since his first initiatives to try to curb it from the European commission during the 1990s. "The connection between organised crime and financial institutions started in the late 1970s, early 1980s," he says, "when the mafia became globalised."
Until then, criminal money had circulated largely in cash, with the authorities making the occasional, spectacular "sting" or haul. During Costa's time as director for economics and finance at the EC in Brussels, from 1987, inroads were made against penetration of banks by criminal laundering, and "criminal money started moving back to cash, out of the financial institutions and banks. Then two things happened: the financial crisis in Russia, after the emergence of the Russian mafia, and the crises of 2003 and 2007-08.
"With these crises," says Costa, "the banking sector was short of liquidity, the banks exposed themselves to the criminal syndicates, who had cash in hand."
Costa questions the readiness of governments and their regulatory structures to challenge this large-scale corruption of the global economy: "Government regulators showed what they were capable of when the issue suddenly changed to laundering money for terrorism – on that, they suddenly became serious and changed their attitude."
Hardly surprising, then, that Wachovia does not appear to be the end of the line. In August 2010, it emerged in quarterly disclosures by HSBC that the US justice department was seeking to fine it for anti-money laundering compliance problems reported to include dealings with Mexico.
"Wachovia had my résumé, they knew who I was," says Woods. "But they did not want to know – their attitude was, 'Why are you doing this?' They should have been on my side, because they were compliance people, not commercial people. But really they were commercial people all along. We're talking about hundreds of millions of dollars. This is the biggest money-laundering scandal of our time.
"These are the proceeds of murder and misery in Mexico, and of drugs sold around the world," he says. "All the law enforcement people wanted to see this come to trial. But no one goes to jail. "What does the settlement do to fight the cartels? Nothing – it doesn't make the job of law enforcement easier and it encourages the cartels and anyone who wants to make money by laundering their blood dollars. Where's the risk? There is none.
"Is it in the interest of the American people to encourage both the drug cartels and the banks in this way? Is it in the interest of the Mexican people? It's simple: if you don't see the correlation between the money laundering by banks and the 30,000 people killed in Mexico, you're missing the point."
Woods feels unable to rest on his laurels. He tours the world for a consultancy he now runs, Hermes Forensic Solutions, counselling and speaking to banks on the dangers of laundering criminal money, and how to spot and stop it. "New York and London," says Woods, "have become the world's two biggest laundries of criminal and drug money, and offshore tax havens. Not the Cayman Islands, not the Isle of Man or Jersey. The big laundering is right through the City of London and Wall Street.
"After the Wachovia case, no one in the regulatory community has sat down with me and asked, 'What happened?' or 'What can we do to avoid this happening to other banks?' They are not interested. They are the same people who attack the whistleblowers and this is a position the [British] Financial Services Authority at least has adopted on legal advice: it has been advised that the confidentiality of banking and bankers takes primacy over the public information disclosure act. That is how the priorities work: secrecy first, public interest second.
"Meanwhile, the drug industry has two products: money and suffering. On one hand, you have massive profits and enrichment. On the other, you have massive suffering, misery and death. You cannot separate one from the other.
"What happened at Wachovia was symptomatic of the failure of the entire regulatory system to apply the kind of proper governance and adequate risk management which would have prevented not just the laundering of blood money, but the global crisis."
How a big US bank laundered billions from Mexico's murderous drug gangs | World news | The Observer
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US judge fines Iran for 1983 attack
Ruling orders $2.65bn to be paid to families of troops killed in Beirut bombing.
14 Sep 2007 11:36 GMT
The judge ordered Iran to compensate the family members of US soldiers killed in the attack [AFP]
The Iranian government dismissed that ruling, saying the decision was "provoked by the Zionists".
US troops were deployed in Lebanon in 1983 as part of a UN-sponsored multinational peacekeeping force during the Lebanon's civil war.
Wave of attacks
On October 23 of that year, an explosives-laden truck rammed through barricades and detonated in front of the US barracks in Beirut, demolishing the building.
The attack was the "most deadly state-sponsored terrorist attack made against American citizens" until the September 11 attack on the World Trade Centre in 2001, the judge said.
As part of the same wave of attacks, a French barracks was also bombed, killing 58 French soldiers.
In his ruling from a federal court in Washington DC, Lamberth wrote that he hoped his judgment "will serve to aid in the healing process for these plaintiffs, and simultaneously sound an alarm to the defendants".
But the families will find it hard to collect the money, which they hope to secure through the seizure of Iranian assets around the world.
A spokesman for the families said they were lobbying the US Congress for legislation that would make it easier to chase down and seize Iranian assets.
Iran denies responsibility for the bombing, although it was instrumental in the founding of Hezbollah in the 1980s.
Lamberth issued his decision after considering claims by 1,000 family members and a small number of survivors.
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Blog 2014 July St. Helena Hospital Parent Company ...
St. Helena Hospital Parent Company Named Among the Nation’s Most Wired Health Care Systems
Jul 14, 2014 Awards & Recognition
St. Helena, CA, July 14, 2014 – St. Helena Hospital with its parent company, Adventist Health, has been named one of the most wired health systems in a national survey conducted by Hospitals & Health Networks and announced today.
Most Wired organizations use information technology to better connect care providers and patients. They must meet a set of rigorous criteria across four operational categories, including infrastructure, business and administrative management, clinical quality and safety, and clinical integration (connecting inpatient and outpatient services, physicians and patients).
Using information technology reduces the likelihood of medical errors and allows clinicians and patients to have the information they need to promote health and make the most informed decisions about treatments, according to Rich Umbdenstock, president and CEO of the American Hospital Association, which helped conduct the survey.
“Our hospital, physicians and patients have benefitted from being part of a system in which enhancing information technology has long been a strategic priority,” said Steve Herber, MD, CEO of St. Helena Hospital. “In addition to reducing medical errors, it improves patient care and engagement plus increases operational efficiencies.”
Health Care’s Most Wired Survey, conducted between Jan. 15 and March 15, asked hospitals and health systems nationwide to answer questions regarding their IT initiatives. Respondents completed 680 surveys, representing 1,900 hospitals, or more than 30 percent of all U.S. hospitals. More information about the survey can be found in the July issue of Hospitals & Health
Networks magazine at www.hhnmag.com or contact mostwired@healthforum.com.
About Adventist Health
Adventist Health is a faith-based, not-for-profit integrated health care delivery system serving communities in California, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington. Our workforce of 28,600 includes more than 20,500 employees; 4,500 medical staff physicians; and 3,600 volunteers. Founded on Seventh-day Adventist health values, Adventist Health provides compassionate care in 19 hospitals, more than 220 clinics (hospital-based, rural health and physician clinics), 14 home care agencies, seven hospice agencies and four joint-venture retirement centers. Visit AdventistHealth.org for more information.
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Adventist Health Ukiah Valley Receives an ‘A’ for Patient Safety for the Spring 2019 Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade More
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Who are the Ruperts – and their apartheid built wealth
Carl Niehaus
Anton Rupert was born in 1916, he is the father of Johan Rupert. The Rupert family started off in the business of making cheap illegal cigarettes at the back of a garage. Anton Rupert later added cheap brandy, which was made from the left-over throw-away grapes and reject wine.
The brandy was resold to wine farmers to resell to their coloured farm workers. This was the notorious dop-system, and the Ruperts were at the heart of this evil system that deliberately created alcoholics and destroyed the family structures of the coloured community.
One of Anton Rupert’s most notable quotes about the recession of the 1930’s was: “The more there is a recession, the more money I make – because people drink and smoke when they are stressed out.”
The Rise of Remgro and Rembrandt
Anton Rupert was one of the key members of the Broederbond, then, serving with the likes of D.F Malan, Dr. H.F Verwoerd, Pik Botha, and Piet Meyer (who was the chair). He was always at the heart of the deep inner circle of the National Party apartheid system, as seen in 1966 when Hendrick Verwoerd was killed.
With Verwoerd’s death, the Broederbond National Executive met to discuss the issue of succession. There were two front-runners for the top position to take over from Verwoed, it was Anton Rupert from the National Party in the Western Cape Province, and John Vorster, who was from the Transvaal.
Because of the need to avoid a bitter battle that could divide the Nats, a deal was struck behind the scenes with Anton Rupert. The deal was that their community was going to be run by two big boys – John Vorster, who will lead the government, and Anton Rupert, who will lead the business.
Remgro grew in leaps and bounds, raking one government contract after the other, following the ’66 deal. In fact, Rupert, then, in his negotiations with the Nats, complained that they were not giving him enough government business. Which is how the 1966 settlement deal was reached.
The Afrikaans companies, especially those of the Ruperts, were the major suppliers of goods and services to the government-owned entities such as Iskor, Eskom the South African Railways (later to be named Transnet). As the business with the National Party government was growing, so was the consumer business – especially luxury goods which also traded internationally.
As a Broederbond member, it was Rupert’s funds that were used to sustain and maintain the National Party system.
Rupert’s staged “renouncement” of the National Party
On realising how the international sanctions against the apartheid government were hurting his international business, Anton went back to the Nats to cut another deal that would assist him to circumvent economic sanctions.
Rupert met with the national executive of the Broederbond and indicated that economic sanctions were hurting his chances for international expansion, therefore, in order to continue trading without these limitations, he needed to resign from the Broederbond, and to publicly “renounce” the National Party and its policies. The Broederbond executive gave him the go-ahead.
In a private letter to President P.W. Botha in 1986, Rupert advocated for “partnership between blacks and whites” as part of a publicity stunt to protect his business from sanctions. He further went on to prod South Africa’s rulers to bury what he called “the stinking corpse of apartheid,” because it was bad for business.
Anton is credited with having formed 35 companies in six different continents, with a yearly profit of 10 – billion US dollars. This is a business that Johann Rupert, the first-born of the Rupert family, later inherited when his father retired.
Johann, on the other hand, using his father’s money and political influence – also “formed” some companies of his own. But looking at how Rupert senior was wheeling and dealing, and staging things – it would not be far fetched to assume that Johann Rupert “forming his own businesses” was also part of the plot to try and distance him from the apartheid system, and it’s notorious past.
This is who Johann Rupert really is.
MKMVA spokesman Carl Niehaus
Anton Rupert
Broederbond
D.F Malan
Dr. H.F Verwoerd
Iskor
Johann Rupert
Piet Meyer
Pik Botha
ANCWL comes out in support of Mkhwebane, takes on DA
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Congo opposition leader Bemba to return next week for presidential bid
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Contact Us Call Us: 610-436-1584
General Practice Addiction Treatment Immigration Checkup DOT Commercial License Skincare Products
About Us Our Services General Practice Addiction Treatment Immigration Checkup DOT Commercial License Skincare Products Contact Us
About Dr. Bichefsky
Dr. Bichefsky has been practicing medicine since 1994. Her practice specialty is Internal Medicine. She began her private practice in West Chester in 1999 and has built it into a thriving practice.
Dr. Bichefsky attended Widener University in Chester, PA where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Teaching Certification in Childhood Education. She continued her training at Temple University where she studied the advanced sciences and at Drexel University where she studied Neuropsychology. She was awarded the St. George Fellowship and membership into the Phi Gamma Mu National Honor Society. In addition, she is named in the Who’s Who in American Colleges and Universities and on the National Register of Outstanding College Graduates.
Dr. Bichefsky earned her degree from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Philadelphia, PA. She went on to complete a 1 year rotating internship and a 3 year residency program at The Lankenau Hospital in Wynnewood, PA. During that time she earned a National Student Osteopathic Medical Association Scholarship and was the recipient of the American College of General Practitioners Grant.
Dr. Bichefsky has served on the Board of Directors at the Adult Care Center of Chester County since 2000 and has been the Medical Director of the AREUFIT Health Services Inc. since 2004. Dr. Bichefsky is additionally medical director for Addiction & Psychological Therapy Inc. She is a distinguished speaker, having lectured for organizations including Mainline Health Systems, Penn Medicine, Widener University, University of Pennsylvania, ACAC Fitness & Wellness Center, and Alzheimer's Association. She has been published, has spoken on local radio, and has even appeared on TV relating to health, wellness, and addiction.
She is an active member of the American Medical Association and American Osteopathic Association, the Pennsylvania Osteopathic Medical Association and the Chester County Medical Society. She served on the Ethics Committee of the Neighborhood Visiting Nurses Association.
Meet Dr. Bichefsky
It has always been my philosophy that the most important trait of a good physician is that the physician listens to the patient. The physician and patient need to work together, in unison, to come up with a care plan that will be most beneficial for the patient. Addressing not only the obvious medical disorder, but also how the person interacts with the day to day challenges. I always advise toward a healthy lifestyle, addressing lifestyle choices, exercise and diet.
Ageless Health
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Disneyland Paris Celebrates Halloween & 90 Years with Mickey Mouse
To celebrate 90 years of Mickey, Disneyland Paris is organizing a huge birthday bash with a very special program. The kick-off whistle for this "Mickey 90 Mouse Party" will be blown on 1st October, with a new Halloween season that will put the spotlight on the most famous mouse in the history of animation.
This year, Halloween promises to be a wickedly wonderful party and will also celebrate Mickey himself. He will steal the show with a brand-new float designed especially for him in the mini Halloween parade, a new attraction called "Mickey and his PhilharMagic Orchestra" will make its appearance at Discoveryland, and of course, Halloween wouldn't be the same without the "Disney Villains". Get ready to shiver with some unparalleled encounters and a spectacular show this Halloween at Disneyland Paris…
MICKEY'S HALLOWEEN CAVALCADE
Mickey's Halloween Cavalcade, the most eagerly awaited parade of the season, is finally back with a bespoke addition: a brand-new float called "Mickey’s Illusion Manor". The float will celebrate 90 years of imagination in the most mischievous of ways, with apparitions and disappearances… Yes, Mickey can't wait to play some tricks on you. What's more, he'll also have help from some strange zombies and the three pranksters Huey, Dewey, and Louie, Scrooge's nephews. No reason to panic though, as Minnie, Donald, Daisy, Chip and Dale, the Three Little Pigs, and many others will parade in their own floats, which will all exude cheerfulness and autumn colors.
NEW ATTRACTION: "MICKEY AND HIS PHILARMAGIC ORCHESTRA"*
The "Mickey 90 Mouse Party" will mark the arrival, on 1st October 2018, of a brand-new attraction: "Mickey and his PhilharMagic Orchestra". Get ready to enjoy a new 4D experience at the Discoveryland Theatre. Once seated, you will find Mickey and Donald on the big screen. They will cast you into the very heart of some of the greatest Disney classics such as Aladdin, The Little Mermaid, and The Lion King, with new misadventures caused by the out-of-control Donald Duck. It will be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to have fun with Disney's most popular songs and to celebrate 90 years of Mickey in style.
*The attraction "Mickey and his PhilharMagic Orchestra" will remain open after the Halloween season
FACE TO FACE WITH DISNEY VILLAINS
Halloween is the season of all possibilities, especially for those who are dying to mingle with the most famous of Disney Villains. The terrifying Maleficent will cast a spell to transform the courtyard of Sleeping Beauty Castle into a huge briar bush taking the shape of her ominous dragon, and she will also be on-hand to meet with and take photos with the more daring of guests.
Disney Villains invite you to their show "It's Good to be Bad with the Disney Villains!" at the Castle Theatre. Join the Queen from Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, Cruella (101 Dalmatians), Captain Hook (Peter Pan), the Queen of Hearts (Alice in Wonderland), Jafar (Aladdin), Gaston (Beauty and the Beast), Frollo (The Hunchback of Notre-Dame), Dr Facilier (The Princess and the Frog), and also Cinderella's stepsisters and stepmother, Drizella, Anastasia, and Lady Tremaine, for this not-to-be-missed show. Look out for intruder Donald, who dresses up as Maleficent (Sleeping Beauty) so that he can party with the Disney Villains. After the show, the Disney Villains will take malicious delight in posing for photos with you.
EVEN MORE ENCOUNTERS WITH HALLOWEEN STARS
The Disney Villains aren't the one ones preparing to invade Disneyland Park to celebrate their favorite season. Minnie, Stitch, Goofy, José Carioca and Panchito Pistoles (Donald’s partners in crime in the film The Three Caballeros) and even the Cheshire Cat from Alice in Wonderland promise new unforgettable encounters. A word of advice: don't forget to grab the program and map at the entrance to the Disney Parks to make sure you don't miss anything.
In celebration of the Halloween season, a monstrously crazy and colorful atmosphere will take over Disneyland Park. Ghosts and pumpkins will invade Main Street, U.S.A., as well as Frontierland. Colorful, tall sculptures will also have their place at the heart of the festivities, and throughout the season you will be able to encounter the puppet of Miguel, the star of the Disney/Pixar film Coco, at the Fuente del Oro restaurant.
The Halloween season takes place from 1st October to 4th November 2018. The "Mickey 90 Mouse Party" will be followed by a new Christmas season, full of surprises.
Labels: Disney Disneyland Paris Europe
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Click to copyhttps://apnews.com/19a1f30059064d75b394266b0a71fff9
Sports - Europe
Pella making a habit of beating runner-ups at Wimbledon
By MATTIAS KARENJuly 5, 2019
Argentina's Guido Pella celebrates after beating South Africa's Kevin Anderson in a Men's singles match during day five of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships in London, Friday, July 5, 2019. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)
WIMBLEDON, England (AP) — Guido Pella is getting the hang of this upset-the-runner-up thing at Wimbledon.
The Argentine player eliminated 2018 finalist Kevin Anderson in the third round Friday, a year after beating 2017 finalist Marin Cilic in the second.
Fittingly, perhaps, another former Wimbledon runner-up will be waiting next. Pella on Monday will play Milos Raonic, who lost the 2016 final to Andy Murray.
Despite facing a player who has become known for lengthy five-setters at Wimbledon — Anderson came from two sets down to beat Roger Federer last year before beating John Isner in a 6½-hour semifinal — Pella made relatively short work of the South African.
Saving eight of the nine break points he faced, Pella won 6-4, 6-3, 7-6 (4) to reach the fourth round at a Grand Slam tournament for the first time.
Like Anderson, Pella has never faced Raonic before — which could work in his favor.
“It’s always a little tricky playing somebody for the first time,” Anderson said after the loss. “He made life really difficult for me, I felt. He moves really, really well. I felt I had a pretty hard time keeping him on defense, finishing out the points.”
With Anderson and No. 10 Karen Khachanov both losing, the upper half of the draw suddenly looks wide open for defending champion Novak Djokovic. The top-seeded Serb dropped a set for the first time this week but had a straightforward win regardless, beating Hubert Hurkacz 7-5, 6-7 (5), 6-1, 6-4.
With No. 6 Alexander Zverev and No. 7 Stefanos Tsitsipas already out and No. 11 Daniil Medvedev losing Friday as well, there is no player ranked in the top 15 left for Djokovic to face before the final. Raonic, ranked 17th, is the only other player in that side of the draw who has reached a Grand Slam final.
Djokovic will next face unseeded Frenchman Ugo Humbert, who beat Canadian teenager Felix Auger-Aliassimo.
“There were a lot of top seeds that went out in early rounds in Wimbledon. That’s why these kinds of tournaments are regarded as the most important events where you always come out with your best game,” Djokovic said. “The lower-ranked players, they find these tournaments as a great opportunity for them to highlight their strengths, to eventually get a scalp and win against a top player. That’s what happens.”
HAWK-EYE
Caroline Wozniacki felt like she was up against two opponents on No. 2 Court — Zhang Shuai and Hawk-Eye. She lost to both.
The former No. 1 from Denmark grew increasingly frustrated with the review system during her match against Zhang, insisting that it was incorrectly overturning decisions in her opponent’s favor.
“How are we playing with Hawk-Eye that is this bad? This is not fair,” Wozniacki told the chair umpire after a second call went against her, and argued that the replay system’s cameras had been set up incorrectly. “It’s crazy.”
Wozniacki was up 4-0 in the first set but lost 6-4, 6-2. Her argument with the chair umpire happened in the second set after Zhang challenged a decision that her shot was long, and Hawk-Eye ruled it was in. Her husband, former NBA player David Lee, even yelled from the player’s box that the shot had been out.
“Obviously when you think you’ve won the point and then have to replay, that can be frustrating,” Wozniacki said in her news conference. “I thought there was a few ones that I saw way differently. But it is what it is. You can’t really change a Hawk-Eye call. Maybe it was right. I just saw it differently.”
TOO MUCH COLOR
It was hats off to Novak Djokovic on No. 1 Court.
Or “for” Djokovic, rather.
The top-ranked Serb wasn’t allowed to wear his cap for the match against Hurkacz after the chair umpire ruled that its black lining violated Wimbledon’s strict rules for all-white clothing.
He was questioned about the very same hat in his previous match before being allowed to wear it, and was a bit perplexed about the decision.
“Last match ... I was starting to unpack my hat. The chair umpire said he needs to check whether or not I’m able to play with it,” Djokovic said. “He got a confirmation that I’m able to play. So I got the permission. I played with the hat. The same hat I took out now, I was not able to play with it. That’s why I was just questioning that call. I mean, no one has approached me before the match to tell me, ‘Well, you can’t really play with the hat this match.’ That’s all.”
Despite the sunny weather and temperatures reaching 81 degrees F (27 degrees C), Djokovic didn’t seem to be too bothered by the wardrobe mishap.
“I just accepted it and dealt with it,” he said. “That’s it.”
More AP Tennis: https://apnews.com/apf-Tennis and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
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Khalifa Hifter
UN says death toll from Libya fighting passes 1,000
By SAMY MAGDYJuly 9, 2019
FILE - In this June 15, 2019, file photo, a vehicle and structure is damaged from fighting in the region of Tajoura, east of the Libyan capital Tripoli. The battle between rival militias for the Libyan capital has killed more than 1,000 people since it began in April, the U.N. said Tuesday, a grim milestone in a stalemated conflict partly fueled by regional powers. (AP Photo/Hamza Turkia, File)
CAIRO (AP) — The battle between rival militias for the Libyan capital has killed more than 1,000 people since it began in April, the U.N. said Tuesday, a grim milestone in a stalemated conflict partly fueled by regional powers.
Forces loyal to Khalifa Hifter, a veteran army officer, opened an offensive on Tripoli in early April, advancing on the city’s southern outskirts and clashing with an array of militias loosely affiliated with the U.N.-recognized government.
Hifter’s self-styled Libyan National Army is the largest and best organized of the country’s many militias, and enjoys the support of Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Russia. But it has faced stiff resistance from fighters aligned with the U.N.-recognized government, which is aided by Turkey and Qatar.
The World Health Organization said in a brief statement that 1,048 people have been killed since the offensive began, including 106 civilians. It says 5,558 have been wounded, including 289 civilians.
The battle lines have changed little since the offensive began, with both sides dug in and shelling one another in the southern reaches of the capital. Militias aligned with the government recently recaptured Gharyan, a town some 100 kilometers (60 miles) west of the city that is on a major supply route.
The fighting has emptied entire neighborhoods of civilians. Thousands of African migrants captured by Libyan forces supported by the European Union are trapped in detention centers near the front lines. An airstrike on one facility last week killed more than 50 people, mainly migrants held in a hangar that collapsed on top of them.
Libya slid into chaos after the 2011 uprising that toppled and killed long-ruling dictator Moammar Gadhafi. Armed groups have proliferated, and the country has emerged as a major transit point for migrants fleeing war and poverty for a better life in Europe.
Hifter’s supporters say he is the only leader who can end militia rule, reunite the country and keep it from being a safe haven for terrorists. They point to his success in defeating Islamic militants and other rival factions in eastern Libya over the past few years. Egypt and the UAE see him as a bulwark against the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamists.
But his critics view him as an aspiring strongman, and his offensive appears to have at least temporarily united western Libya’s fractious militias in opposition to a return to one-man rule. Many experts predicted at the start of the offensive that it was unlikely to succeed , noting widespread resistance to Hifter in the west and fractures within his own forces, which include Gadhafi-era army units, ultraconservative Islamists and tribal fighters.
Mohamed Eljareh, an analyst and the co-founder of Libya Outlook Research and Consultancy, said it was too soon to fully assess Hifter’s campaign.
“It depends on how we measure progress. Some say that the LNA’s ability to launch an offensive on the capital, Tripoli, is progress in itself,” he said. “Of course there has been miscalculation by the LNA in regards to how easy the operation will be.”
He added, however, that the LNA appeared to be better equipped for a prolonged conflict, citing its campaigns in the east. “When they are unable to achieve a quick victory they are able to continue with the war for a long time in a war of attrition,” he said.
Associated Press writer Rami Musa in Benghazi, Libya contributed to this report.
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Jusuf Nurkic
The Latest: Kanter returning to East with Boston Celtics
FILE - In this April 21, 2019, file photo, Boston Celtics guard Kyrie Irving (11) shoots over Indiana Pacers guard Darren Collison (2) during the first half of Game 4 of an NBA basketball first-round playoff series in Indianapolis. Just three seasons ago, the Brooklyn Nets were the worst team in the NBA. On Sunday, June 30, 2019, they were the story of the league. They agreed to deals with superstars Kevin Durant and Kyrie Irving as part of a sensational start to free agency, giving the longtime No. 2 team in New York top billing in the Big Apple. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy, File)
The Latest on NBA free agency Monday (all times EDT):
Enes Kanter is coming back to the Eastern Conference, joining the Boston Celtics.
Kanter’s manager, Hank Fetic, wrote on Twitter that Kanter had agreed to two-year deal with the Celtics , with the second-year being a player option.
The Athletic reported that the deal would pay Kanter $10 million.
Kanter began last season with the New York Knicks and was playing well, averaging 14 points and 10.5 rebounds. But he lost his spot in the rotation when the Knicks wanted to focus on younger players, and he was eventually waived. The Turkish center then signed with the Portland Trail Blazers and ended up starting after Jusuf Nurkic’s season-ending injury.
All-Star guard Klay Thompson says on social media he is staying put with the Golden State Warriors, using a movie clip of Leonardo DiCaprio in the movie “The Wolf of Wall Street” with the line “I’m not leavin!’”
Thompson posted on his Instagram account. He is expected to sign a five-year max contract for $190 million when the NBA free agent moratorium period ends, remaining with Golden State just as he had hoped for all along.
Last year, he made it clear again: “I’ve said it many times before: I would like to be a Warrior for life.”
Thompson had been scheduled for surgery this past week for a torn ACL in his left knee after he was injured during a Game 6 loss to the Toronto Raptors in the NBA Finals. Neither the Warriors nor Thompson’s agent have confirmed whether he has had the surgery.
A person with knowledge of the details says the Knicks have agreed to a two-year deal with guard Elfrid Payton.
Payton was the fifth player added by the Knicks in the first two days of free agency, including the second who spent last season with the New Orleans Pelicans. New York first agreed to a contract with forward Julius Randle.
The Knicks also agreed to deals with Bobby Portis and Taj Gibson on Sunday, and the person confirmed that New York had added swingman Reggie Bullock early Monday. Then, Wayne Ellington reached agreement Monday before Payton.
The person says the second year of Payton’s deal is a team option. The person spoke on condition of anonymity because the deal cannot yet be signed. The deal was first reported by The Athletic.
Payton was limited to 42 games last season because of injuries, averaging 10.6 points and 7.6 assists. The No. 10 pick of the 2014 draft spent his first 3½ seasons in Orlando.
— AP Basketball Writer Brian Mahoney
Kyrie Irving says his decision to join the Brooklyn Nets is about wanting to play at home.
Irving grew up in New Jersey watching the Nets, and says he wanted to return to the area as a player.
He says in a video posted by Roc Nation Sports that “home is where my family is. Home is where I want my legacy to continue. And I’m happy to be in Brooklyn.”
Roc Nation, which announced Sunday it was now representing Irving, said the All-Star point guard had agreed to a four-year, maximum contract with the Nets.
Irving said early last season his intention was to remain with Boston, but changed his mind and joined Kevin Durant and DeAndre Jordan in picking the Nets on the first day of free agency.
Versatile guard Tomas Satoransky says he is headed to the Chicago Bulls.
The 6-foot-7 Satoransky set career highs by averaging 8.9 points, 5.0 assists and 3.5 rebounds in 80 games with Washington last season. Satoransky posted on Twitter he was “so excited and proud to be a part of #chicagobulls. Can’t wait to be on a court at United Center!”
A person familiar with the deal tells The Associated Press the Bulls are acquiring Satoransky in a sign-and-trade that sends draft pick compensation to the Wizards. The person also confirmed the Wizards had agreed to a $25 million, three-year contract with center Thomas Bryant and a $12 million, two-year deal with free-agent guard Ish Smith.
The person spoke on condition of anonymity because the team hadn’t announced the moves.
The 6-foot-11 Bryant is staying in Washington after averaging 10.5 points and 6.3 rebounds in 72 games in his first season with the Wizards. Smith played for Detroit the past three seasons, averaging 8.9 points in 56 games last year.
— AP Sports Writer Howard Fendrich
Seth Curry is returning to Dallas as a free agent after a year away.
Two people with knowledge of the deal say Stephen Curry’s younger brother and the Mavericks have agreed on a $32 million, four-year contract. The people spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because deals can’t be signed until Saturday.
The younger Curry had the best season of his career with Dallas in 2016-17, averaging career highs of 12.8 points, 2.7 assists and 29 minutes per game. He missed all of 2017-18 with a stress reaction in his lower left leg before joining Portland on a one-year contract last season. Curry averaged 7.9 points for the Trail Blazers.
The Mavericks were looking for a shooting guard to pair with rookie of the year Luka Doncic, the 20-year-old Slovenian who figures to be their starting point guard for years. With the Curry agreement, Dallas still has about $20 million in salary cap space.
Curry has the versatility to play both guard spots. So does Jalen Brunson, a second-round pick in last year’s draft after Dallas traded up to get Doncic as the third overall selection.
— AP Sports Writer Schuyler Dixon
Wayne Ellington and the New York Knicks have agreed on a two-year contract.
Ellington’s representatives, Priority Sports, announced the agreement Monday morning. A person with knowledge of the negotiations says the deal will pay Ellington $16 million. The person spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because financial terms were not announced publicly.
ESPN first reported the agreement.
The Knicks will become the ninth team for Ellington, an excellent shooter who was the Most Outstanding Player of the 2009 NCAA Final Four when he led North Carolina to the national championship. He’s a 38% 3-point shooter for his career.
— AP Basketball Writer Tim Reynolds
The waiting for Kawhi Leonard’s decision continues.
And it might last for a few days.
Monday marks the first full day of NBA free agency — roughly $2.5 billion in contract commitments were made in the first six hours that followed the official beginning at 6:01 p.m. EDT Sunday — and there’s still many unanswered questions. Leonard is the biggest domino yet to fall, and as would be expected the NBA Finals MVP offered no hints if he’s decided to stay with Toronto or leave.
“We’ve got a visit with Kawhi here in the next day or so,” Raptors coach Nick Nurse said.
It’s believed that the Raptors will get the last meeting, with Leonard also likely to talk with the Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers — possibly among others — before making up his mind.
Most of the other biggest-name free agents appear to have picked their new homes — or will be staying in their current ones. The biggest contract left, more than likely, is the $190 million, five-year pact that Klay Thompson is believed to be getting from the Golden State Warriors, although neither side indicated that the agreement was finalized Sunday night.
More AP NBA: https://apnews.com/NBA and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
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As nonprofits do we (or should we) put all art in service of instrumental ends?
June 17, 2012 by Diane Ragsdale 12 Comments
This past Thursday and Friday I had the honor of attending a convening on global performance, civic imagination, and cultural diplomacy at Georgetown University, hosted by Derek Goldman and Cynthia Schneider. By bringing “leaders in international theater and performance together with foreign policy leaders from academia, think tanks, and government,” the stated hope of the organizers was to bridge the gap between the fields of politics and culture, to the mutual benefit of both. Over the course of the first two days of the convening some questions began to emerge:
When we talk about cultural exchange and cultural diplomacy what, exactly, are we talking about—and are these acts different from simply doing a performance in another place, or for another people, than one’s own?
Before, or as, we discuss these issues at the global level might we acknowledge the necessity for this work on the local level and examine the possible connection between the two?
Is the impact of this work measurable? Must we be able to measure the impact of this work in order to make the case for its support? Or can we trust that it makes a difference?
Is the best work in this area government sanctioned, organized, and subsidized? Or is it best when furthered through the decentralized, grassroots relationships that are formed when one artist or one presenter or one company sets out with the intention to forge individual connections?
Are the goals of art and the goals of cultural diplomacy aligned; or in asking the former to serve the latter are we compromising artists and the aims of art?
I left Friday afternoon (a day early, unfortunately) with these questions on my mind. On my way out the door to grab a cab to Union Station I ran into a playwright (now based in the US but originally from outside the US) and we had a quick chat. In the midst of our conversation she commented on the nonprofit system of organizing and funding the arts in the US, making the point that the system is flawed because it puts all art in service of social or educational goals—and in doing so constrains artists and art. Her point was that all work created in a nonprofit structure must serve the instrumental ends of education and be in service of a mission. Her perspective as a playwright, in particular, was that nonprofit theaters create mission statements, and then programmatic strategies to fulfill those mission statements, and that such strategies inevitably filter or limit the types of plays that can or will be selected. The question she seemed to be asking: What happens to the artists whose works falls between the mission cracks, so to speak?
Cynically I thought, “Oh, well in the US, they simply go open their own nonprofit organizations.”
On the three hour train ride to my next stop I found myself thinking about this issue of art in service to instrumental ends, which came up both at the convening on cultural exchange and in the conversation with this playwright. I began to mull on the following:
Are the mandates (educational/social) that come with nonprofit status appropriate for artists that simply want to make work without having to put that work in service of an educational or social mission? In other words, for those that bristle at the idea of “instrumental ends” for the arts, is the nonprofit form a legitimate and beneficial form? If not, what would be a better fit? L3C, perhaps, as I’ve written about before?
Have some or many of us set up nonprofit institutions because the nonprofit form is a vehicle for accessing capital for money-losing art, rather than a vehicle for society-serving art?
Since the nonprofit form is preferred by so many seeking to produce or present artistic experiences is the underlying belief that all art serves society? If not, how would we discern the difference between “art that serves educational and social ends” and art that serves some other ends?
How constraining, really, is nonprofit status? That is, do the majority of artistic leaders even think about the works they are producing or presenting as being in service of educational or social goals? Or do they simply program works they like and believe in, regardless of such instrumental ends?
If the nonprofit form is not all that constraining then is it all that meaningful?
Returning to the topic of the Georgetown convening – cultural exchange and diplomacy – I have found myself at many of such meetings over the past several years and at each one I have made the following point: Many US artists rely on performances overseas for income. In other words, what is motivating them to perform in Europe or Asia is often the touring fees (i.e., money)—not “cultural exchange” and certainly not “cultural diplomacy.” While I don’t think that cultural exchange and diplomacy need to be government funded or organized to be legitimate I also don’t think that anytime an artist hops on a plane and performs at a festival that this constitutes “exchange” or “diplomacy”. The difference would seem to be one of intention, at the very least.
I think the same is true of nonprofit status. When we were forming our institutions 5, 10, 20, 30 years ago was our intention to serve society through art? Was our intention to educate through art? Or was there at the outset (among some or many of us) simply the practical consideration that calling oneself nonprofit would (a) provide legitimacy and (b) provide a possible business model for sustaining art (maybe worthy, maybe not-so-worthy) that would not make it on box office alone?
We are nonprofit in name, but are we (by-and-large) nonprofit in spirit? Are we nonprofit in purpose? If losing money were the only or even primary criteria for nonprofit status then plenty of commercial films and Broadway musicals could also be nonprofit. If we have been using this form to achieve ends other than the social and educational ends for which it was created, then perhaps it is time that we created a way to exist that has integrity with what we really are, or want to be in the future?
Apologies for the sporadic postings. I have been (and will be until the end of July) on a multi-week research trip. I am trying to post whenever time and Internet access provide.
Image from the Website Whip: http://www.fightersgeneration.com/characters4/whip.html
Filed Under: Democratization of Culture, nonprofit model, subsidization of the arts
william osborne says
I really enjoyed this article. It is one of the best of the many good things you have written. Your thoughts seem to be oriented around theater. I think it would be helpful to note that theater is the only performing arts genre in the so-called high arts that has the potential to be organized as a profit-making business. Symphony orchestras, opera houses, and ballet troupes will never be in a position to be confused about their non-profit status. Without this distinction, your thoughts are at first a bit confusing.
It might also be helpful to note from the outset that art is by nature ineffable. History is replete with cultures that have produced great art and saw the need to fund it, but none of them were ever able to define the purpose of art (its mission.) In fact, it is almost axiomatic that if the purpose of an artwork can be defined, it is probably not very good art. A famous example was the East Block’s social realism. Art is essentially a system of metaphors, a symbolic language that gains its value through the endless multiplicity of its meanings. It is exactly this indefinability that gives art its profundity and allows us to engage with it. It is thus somewhat futile to try to define or analyze art in terms of its social utility. If you can define it, it probably isn’t very good art. Defining the arts in terms of the market is a similarly limiting concept of social utility, hence the conflicts between art and neoliberalism. Similar problems are faced when employing art as a form of cultural diplomacy. If not done properly, the efforts can be inherently reductive
It is vitally important to discuss the social purpose of the arts and arts organizations, but it is also essential to acknowledge the ineffable nature of art. If guess that is all obvious. We employ many things in life that we cannot grasp or define, and art is one of them. If life were not ineffable, it would not be worth living.
Adam Leipzig says
Diane, I completely agree with your perspective, and I’m grateful for your always smart questions.
Polly Carl says
Wow Diane, there is so much to consider here. I think the most important thing from my reading is can the not-for-profit theater be a one size fits all for sustaining the arts in the US. I think that answer is so clearly “no!”. We see enough mission drift, enough not-for-profits doing nothing more than filling sits in ways identical to commercial theater. Filling sits by the way isn’t a bad thing, it’s just not something that deserves not-for-profit status. The transcendent opportunity for art can happen in a theater seat you paid $300 for or in a free seat. This is the way that art eludes the market. My sense is that the not-for-profit theater made so much sense to our founders because in a way they were trying to institutionalize that elusive and magical quality of art. And more importantly I think the point of not-for-profit art making was about making that accessible, making the magic available to more people than would ever buy a ticket on Broadway. That said, the drive to perpetuate ourselves shifts the balance from cultivating artists in a setting that is accessible, in a place were the gift of of the art can be shared, to cultivating audiences to pay for whatever it is we think they are willing to pay for. This is a VERY different emphasis and one that throws the art making and artists into disarray.
More to say here but let’s talk in person!
Christine Evans says
Hello Diane and Polly.. We are in a conversational loop here. I remember this exchange at Georgetown vividly, and in fact posted similar thoughts in response to Polly’s latest post on HowlRound. I think you’re on a great track here Diane, and I hope we can talk some more.
Here’s my post on the subject:
http://www.howlround.com/finding-the-gift-and-making-theater-for-everyone-by-polly-carl/#comment-9752
An addenda to my previous post. I just read that the Metropolitan Opera posted a 47 million dollar profit this year. This would support Diana’s idea about non-profits acting like for-profits, even if the Met is an anomaly in the operatic world. Little surprise that the director of the Met is a former executive of Sony…
But William, doesn’t the Met profit belie your assertion that symphonies CANNOT be profitable? Doesn’t it, in fact, make clear that symphonies (and ballets and operas) have CHOSEN to put something else ahead of profit? Music can be profitable — witness popular music, which is swimming in riches. Dance can be profitable — witness something like “Dancing with the Stars.” Broadway is the popular music and “Dancing with the Stars” of the theatre, and its separation from the non-profit world (at least theoretically) involves a choice of focus.In other words, I’,m not certain theatre is quite as separated from the other art forms as you suggest.
More importantly, at least to me, is that we have created a priest class in the arts. We have turned the arts into product-ions that are created by artist-specialists and sold as commodities, which distorts the arts. By focusing so much money and attention on artist-specialists, by essentially outsourcing human creativity to a small group of trained professionals, we have impoverished the populace by telling them (as “American Idol” does quite brutally) that, unless you are one of the special people, you ought to sit down, shut up, and buy the albums of the winners. The result is a general hostility of the general public towards the arts. Artists like to paint this as the narrow-mindedness of the philistines, but it is actually the resentment of the Common Man that his voice has been stolen and s/he has been silenced by self-proclaimed Special People. The non-profit institution reifies this theft, housing it in a big, expensive building and confining the populace to certain parts of it. Most arts complexes send the same message as the big, fiery head used by the Wizard of Oz: “I am the Great and Powerful Oz.” The purpose is to scare the little people and mask our own littleness.
It is time that we give back the expressive voice to the people. Only then will artist-specialists be able to assume the role of respected leader. It is the institutionalization of a theft that is poisoning our arts culture.
The Met is such an unusual institution that I can’t draw any broad conclusions from the profit it made this year. The data is also very inconsistent. Last year they lost millions. (About 25 million, if I remember right.) The profit this year was due to a rise in donations, and due to their cinema broadcasts. They make money on these broadcasts exactly because the rest of the country has so little access to live opera.
Opera is in essence a popular art form, a status it lost only with the rise of cinema. Maybe the loss of interest in opera is due to a lack of education, or maybe elitism, or self-absorbed artists, or maybe the degradation of taste due to the forces of an unmitigated capitalism. It’s probably a combination of all these and other factors, but little can be determined by the unusual profit of one very unique institution for one year.
But symphonic music was also a popular art form (see Levine’s “Highbrow/Lowbrow”), as was ballet. The loss of interest in opera and symphonic music was a very conscious process undertaken to separate the educated classes from the uneducated, the wealthy from the poor. It was ideology disguised as aesthetics.
Scott, I ‘d be interested to know who the “we” in your theory is? I take issue with your term ‘artist-specialist’. There are all kinds of different artists and levels of artistic involvement. Some of our greatest national treasures never had any formal or professional training. You seem to be going to great lengths to foster the idea that artists are not special and that anyone who thinks so is elitist- that big bad, misused word.
Artists are special. Isn’t that the whole point in how we value the arts? People don’t go to the theater or the museum or the gallery to see something ordinary and average. Who in your conspiratorial theory has stolen anything from anyone?
I’m not denying that there is a split between those intimately involved in the arts and those outside of this community. But that blame lies soundly on our social and education priorities that sees art as the first thing to be cut from schools. Many people no longer understand the art world because they themselves do not have the ability, the knowledge, or the will to understand the art world. As an artists, thats not my fault. what you seem to be asking for is a world where artists make and do what the “common” person wants them to do. I don’t know what that is but it’s not art.
Richard — Who is “we”? Modern Western capitalist society, I guess. The system that has turned art into a commodity to be bought and sold rather than shared and participated in. Bill Ivey, in the introduction to “Engaging Art,” vividly describes the transition from families and communities making their own art to mass media selling it to them. And David Diamond, in his wonderful book “Theatre for Living,” says it better than I ever could:
““Theatre, like all other forms of cultural expression, used to be ordinary people singing, dancing, telling stories. This is the way a living community recorded and celebrated its victories, defeats, joys, fears… Like many other things we can think of, cultural activity became commodified. It transformed from something people did naturally, “in community”, into a manufactured consumer product. Today a vast majority of people buy theatre, buy dance, buy paintings, buy books, buy movies; the list goes on and on. We now pay strangers to tell us stories about strangers. But when do we use the symbolic language of theatre, dance, etc., to tell our own stories about our collective selves? What is the result of a living community’s inability to use primal language to tell its own stories? Alienation, violence, self-destructive behaviour on a global level. Living communities have fallen into a stupor, hypnotized by a steady diet of manufactured culture.”
So I am looking for a world where people make art instead of buy it. The claim that people don’t understand art because they are unwilling to do so puts it backward: people shouldn’t have to have special “knowledge” to understand a work of art, and that they do points to a failure in artists, not common people. Artists think art is about them, about their self-expression, about their very special insights. It’s not — it is about the community.
I don’t think art is about me. And as T. S. Eliot reminded us art isn’t as much about self-expression as it is expression. And your romantic notion of community isn’t guilt free either. Racism, sexist behavior and religious oppression are all shared by community in stories, song, and writings.
It’s not a perfect world.
Indeed, racism, sexist behavior and religious oppression exists in today’s popular culture as well. One doesn’t need a “perfect world” to believe that creativity shouldn’t be confined to a small group of “special people.” And it has always been a tactic to call something “romantic” or “idealistic” if it departs from the status quo.
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In Conversation with Chris and Ali Rodley: The Creators of the Magical Realism Bot
March 30, 2016 | in Interviews | by Ali Rodley, Chris Rodley, and Matthew Spencer
"A famous librarian discovers a painting that depicts every single owl in the world."
In his 1940 essay “Theses on the Philosophy of History” Walter Benjamin tells story of a chess playing automaton. Dressed as a Turk, with a turban and the obligatory hookah in its mouth, the machine would impress with feats of competitive ingenuity. Unbeknownst to the crowd, a dwarf was hidden within its workings. An excellent chess player, he guided the automaton’s hand by means of stings. Originally meant as a critique on materialist theories of history, Benjamin’s allegory has been extended to critique automatism in general. In this enlarged formulation, the internet, for instance, is not a self-directed entity with a fixed set of properties but rather an aggregate of people and institutions using computer networks to advance a divergent set of very human agendas. Beyoncé might periodically win it, but the internet is no more a sufficient reason for human phenomena than any other factor, or so the argument goes. No matter how sophisticated the automaton, the human is always in some sense at the controls.
But how would the allegory change if the Mechanical Turk wrote instead of played chess? This is not idle speculation. Last year, the Associated Press used automated processes to write quarterly earnings reports for 3,000 companies, roughly ten times the number produced by human counterparts previously. Automated writing is not limited utilitarian forms like business news and product descriptions. The results, however, are decidedly more mixed. NaNoGenMo, the programmer’s version of National Novel Writing Month, was started 2013 by the Portland, OR based web artist Darius Kazemi. The object of the project is to complete a 50,000 page book by the end of November, only it must be written with software rather than the human hand. The computer generated novels are, as their programmers freely admit, mostly unreadable. Sustained narrative remains a problem.
Automated writing of the creative variety becomes much more convincing on a small scale. One standout example is Magical Realism Bot, an automated text generating program on Twitter, developed by the brother and sister team of Ali and Chris Rodley. Magic Realism Bot generates a different 140 character story every two hours, using random combinations of the various elements that define the genre: academic characters, mythical creatures, philosophical disputations, etc. The output can be amusingly absurd, such as “A fortune teller turns over a tarot card with a Gummi bear on it. Your destiny is to become a psychiatrist,’ he says to you.” But it can also resemble the work of real authors, at least in summary. “A learned society of mathematicians meet once a year inside a ruined synagogue to decide the fate of life on earth,” reads more like the scene from an Umberto Eco novel than the instantiation of a simple computer program.
Magic Realist Bot points toward a complimentary relationship that can exist between the modernist experiment in literature of the 20th century and the digital culture of the 21st. Both modes of thing involve subjecting language to intense analysis, natural language or machine language, taking apart its most basic components in the search for new modes of representing reality. Identifiable people still remain at the controls of these writing automatons, working as programmers rather than puppeteers, but the speed and sophistication by which these automatons fulfil their commands represents a difference in kind from past experiments in replicating human culture. Perhaps a new allegory is needed to replace the Mechanical Turk. Magic Realism Bot might very well generate one.
Ali and Chris talked to Asymptote about the technical basis for the Magic Realism Bot how that relates to how they engage with the practice of writing.
Matthew Spencer: Give us some background on yourselves. Specifically, I’m interested in how your efforts in social media, computer science and literature came to intersect.
Chris Rodley: I’ve wanted to be a writer since my early teens, and my literary heroes were the great experimental modernists like Woolf, Joyce, Brecht. Of course many contemporary writers of fiction and playwriting have turned away from this kind of bold, free-wheeling experimentation, maybe in part because where do you go after Finnegans Wake? This would sometimes frustrate me!
Recently I’ve come to see that the intersection of literature and technology, including social media, is a really exciting locus of experimentation in writing. But although it’s been around for decades, electronic literature still isn’t a field that huge numbers of conventional writers consider working in, though that’s slowly changing. One reason, perhaps, is that creativity at the intersection of literature and computing requires breaking the mould of what authorship looks like: either in that it can mean learning to code or in my case collaborating with someone who can (though there’s a great third option too, which is using platforms like Twine). Collaborating maybe seems weird for writers steeped in the romantic ideal of the solo creator. But, I think, increasingly, interesting literature will be the product of collaborative efforts. Not just collaboration in the sense of working with programmers or graphic artists, etc, but also in the sense of working in and with social media (for example, remix, recontextualisation and digital “conceptualism”).
Going back to my own development, since 2013 I’ve co-created a series of electronic literature works with media artist Andrew Burrell. One of these was “Everything Is Going To Be OK”, which constructed a short play script in real time out of remixed tweets from Twitter. A more recent project with Andrew was “Death of an Alchemist”, which was our attempt at creating a novel generated in real-time from online data (tweets, gifs from Tumblr, weather reports, etc). So as a result of that work I was already in the territory of looking at how lit and social media can be brought together.
The other influence for me is that I’m also a PhD candidate at the University of Sydney where I’m studying the impacts of social media on digital writing. Partly this is about avant-garde literature but it’s also about how the availability of social data is changing journalism and vernacular writing practices.
So I guess Magic Realism Bot was a product of those various influences!
Ali Rodley: I have a background in special education, and I’m now a computing studies teacher here in Sydney. At the moment I’m completing a computing studies degree. The bot was a great opportunity to get to know the programming language Python a bit better and apply it to a new challenge.
MS: Briefly describe how you built the bot. Please do include details about the relevant code if it takes a different approach than what is usual with these types of programs.
AR: I wrote the code from scratch in Python with a MySQL database, specifically for MagicRealismBot. Basically, there are a number of tweet templates we call bases. Each base has some hard coded text interspersed with placeholders for various parts of speech.
The placeholders can also carry tags which are used to filter the possible words that could be used in any position. For example, a placeholder for an object could be $ob-thing-concept-structure. The script collects all the objects with those tags then chooses one at random.
Part way into the process we introduced a new kind of ‘special’ placeholder to add variety to some of the bases. These generally contain short phrases rather than single words and always contain additional placeholders of their own. Objects, verbs, adjectives and people can also contain placeholders. This nesting often turns out to be quite deep, increasing the variety of results.
I included a few additional routines to polish the output a bit. There’s a mechanism for altering the verb when something like ‘prime numbers’ or ‘opposites’ turns up in a spot that would normally be singular. All person nouns are marked she/he/either to avoid using ‘they’ all the time. When a pronoun placeholder is encountered, a function searches for the person in the story and uses the appropriate pronoun or a random one. Functions from the Python library inflect.py take care of a/an and pluralisation. These kinds of details help the bot not sound so “bot-like”.
CR: Two of the key writing tasks were to create the bases or templates, and to collect a large vocabulary to populate them with. You could compare this to coming up with the two types of cards in “Cards Against Humanity”: the black “fill in the blank” cards and the white cards which supply nouns, including gerunds. Well, that was the job early in the bot’s development, anyway: we had a more or less rigid sentence structure populated with some nouns and an adjective or two (eg “an Assyrian queen writes love letters to darkness”, “a lonely prince discovers a tree made of prime numbers”). As it has gone on, we’ve progressively made these syntaxes much more complex and stochastic, because after a while those recurring templates get boring. So now there are all kinds of special variations, second sentences, even lists. Also, the verbs often now vary, which completely changes the premise of the tweet: instead of “writes love letters to”, it might be “tries to destroy”.
Deciding on a suitable vocabulary was also obviously important. Initially I put in lots of quintessentially “magic”, other-worldly words: swans, moons, labyrinths. As it’s developed, I’ve added a bunch of ordinary, everyday words as part of an ongoing process of trying to ensure it has lots of day-to-day variation and unpredictability.
MS: What are your thoughts on the relationship between coding and natural language? What are the important similarities and the important differences? Specifically, do you see coding as being able express the full range of literary expression (for lack of a better term)? Or will some essential element within natural language make that goal impossible?
CR: Actually I think there are closer ties between bots and conventional writing than there might appear. There is, for example, a website you can visit called Bot or Not which invites you to guess whether the poetry is generative or written by a human. And it makes it hard to tell which is which, and many people misidentify robot poems as being authored by humans. However, I think it’s important to recognise how conventional literary output has long depended, and will increasingly be dependent, on technology and networks, including social networks to some extent. In the past, this might have been the technology of the typewriter, the book (dictionaries, encyclopedias), the library catalogue, the postal system. Currently, it’s things like Google Search, autocorrect, spell checkers, online thesauruses, social networks like Twitter or Facebook where writers source inspiration and discuss their ideas. Moreover, bots and other generative writing usually (except perhaps in the case of machine learning) rely on human creativity in the code itself, in the syntax, in the vocabulary, and in the case of Markov bots, the original creation of text that is algorithmically remixed.
If I had to put money one it, I would wager that relatively automated processes will at some point lead to really compelling forms of literary expression across many different genres. Currently, it’s good for quite specific forms of expression I think (like putting together hitherto unconnected concepts as in Magic Realism Bot). Twitter as a platform is great for bot writing, of course, because the retweet function helps “successful hits” get more widely seen.
MS: Why magical realism? Did you think about using other genres?
CR: Nope, not really. I’ve always loved stories that rely on big ideas, high concepts and strong “hooks”. Kafka, Borges, The Twilight Zone, plays like Friedrich Dürrenmatt’s The Visit, the classic Stephen King short stories and novellas and classic detective fiction too (think Agatha Christie’s Murder of Roger Ackroyd). In other words, a story that is engaging as a narrative but also original and interesting as an idea, conceptually or even philosophically. So partly Magic Realism Bot comes from having an interest in these, coming up with these types of premises in the conventional way, and wanting to find a way to generate them programmatically.
Jorges Luis Borges is famous for this kind of literature of ideas, and I’m a huge fan. I realised a while ago that many Borges stories tend to follow a specific pattern: the telos underlying a particular idea or structure is exaggerated ad absurdum, so that it overfulfils it. (A library, a maze, a map…) This led to the idea to create a “BorgesBot” which would generate Borgesian story ideas. After a while, it became clear that the particular affordances of the Twitter bot are best suited for magic realist story ideas much more broadly defined (a book inside someone’s heart, a rainstorm of cathedrals). In other words, keeping it to Borgesian ideas (which are quite dry, rather than colourful and visual, and also metafictive) was too limiting. Currently the bot draws inspiration from a bunch of magic realist authors as well as other genres (fantasy, children’s lit, YA, detective fiction).
Another reason why the bot is a good fit for generating magic realist premises is that it can create links between ideas and concepts that aren’t normally connected, that are totally divergent, in a way that humans don’t easily do. We can imagine of someone drowning in a lake filled with water, or maybe lava, but it’s less likely we’d easily think of a lake filled with clocks, tigers or prime numbers.
A third reason for choosing magic realism is that Twitter maybe isn’t particularly amenable to long-form narrative, but it can do microstories and particularly premises or loglines well. (See also Nora Reed’s @thinkpiecebot). So I think this is a format that works well for it.
MS: What are some of your favorite entries written by the bot?
AR: A depressed archduke builds a swimming pool that is filled with optimism came up during testing back when it was still BorgesBot and is still one of my favourites.
CR: A few weeks ago we added some templates that include direct speech and I think they’re working pretty well:
A pine tree whispers to a princess: “I wish I was a rose bush”, and
A beehive whispers to an opera singer: “I wish I was an opera house.”
A few others I have liked are:
A 14th century queen passes a law against opposites.
A famous librarian discovers a painting that depicts every single owl in the world.
A hen lays an egg. A fox is inside it.
A schoolteacher invents a new kind of astrology based on the movements of swans.
I also like the particular template that devises magic realist detective novels, like “A murder mystery in which the killer is revealed to be Velazquez’s Las Meninas.”
Read more Interviews:
In Conversation with Michael von Graffenried
In Conversation with Oonagh Stransky: Part Two
Publisher Profile: In Conversation with Kaya Press
asymptote blog
magical realism bot
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Ingvar Kamprad, the Man Behind IKEA, Dies at 91
The billionaire, who founded IKEA at 17, strove for extreme frugality and faced controversy over his past
Hadley Keller
Ingvar Kamprad, who founded IKEA at age 17, died this weekend at age 91.Photo: Courtesy of IKEA
"When I was about 17, I began to wonder why only the affluent could afford beautiful furnishings," Ingvar Kamprad, founder of behemoth Swedish furniture purveyor IKEA told The New York Times in a 1997 interview. The farmer's son from southern Sweden, who died this weekend at age 91, set out to change that, ultimately building what became a veritable mecca of affordable design, named after a combination of his own initials and those of his home farm (Elmtaryd) and village (Agunnaryd). Though the business would, somewhat ironically, make a billionaire out of him, Kamprad was always known to strive for extreme frugality.
He flew economy class and eschewed unnecessary luxuries. It was an outlook that bled into the foundational principles at IKEA, where Kamprad not only encouraged his team to operate by the same no-frills values but also pushed for innovative ways to cut costs on furnishings. Things like non-lacquered furniture, flat-pack boxes, and self-assembly enabled IKEA to save on production, storage, and shipping—savings passed on to customers.
But the continuing success of IKEA over other discount purveyors lies in its commitment to good design and quality—even at low prices. With its in-house design group, the company devised such lasting, iconic silhouettes as the Billy Bookcase (1978), Klippan sofa (1980), Poäng chair (1976), and Lövet side table (1956), the latter of which reportedly launched the invention of flat-pack furniture after a designer couldn't fit it in his car and sawed the legs off in a moment of either ingenuity or desperation. In more recent years IKEA has partnered with such creatives as Tom Dixon and Mette and Rolf Hay, enlisting their aesthetic viewpoints while also always encouraging new ideas about production methods and materials.
"We approach all of our collaborations the same way: by solving a design problem that we find particularly interesting," head designer Marcus Engman told AD PRO recently.
Products from IKEA's Hay collection.
It could also be argued that Kamprad invented, several decades ago, the kind of experiential shopping that has become mainstream in an era of retailers struggling to keep up with e-commerce. Of the amenities in his stores (a highly unusual notion at the time), Kamprad told The New York Times in 1997: "We want people to spend time with us, to plan what they buy—and we want to make all of that easy. We provide pencils and pads and tape measures and information about the various products. We have lockers for coats, tote bags to carry around impulse purchases, plenty of bathrooms, 50 or more sample rooms for people to inspect. So it's nice that they can go into the restaurant, have themselves a Swedish-meatball luncheon and plan how they are going create their living rooms. The store in Almhult, Sweden, even has a hotel with a swimming pool and a sauna attached to it."
Kamprad's success story—one which, by many accounts, he never anticipated—wasn't without its problems, though. The founder made no secret of his struggle with alcoholism and was often referred to by such nicknames as "old Scrooge." Most notably, though, he garnered much retroactive criticism for his involvement in Nazi-sympathetic groups and work as a Nazi party recruiter during and after World War II, a choice he later called "the greatest mistake of my life" in a 1994 letter to employees asking their forgiveness. "It is a part of my life which I bitterly regret," the founder wrote. "You have been young yourself. Perhaps something happened during your own youth which you now, a long time afterwards, think was silly. In that case it will be easier for you to understand me."
Reactions to Kamprad's admission were mixed, with some criticizing how long it took him to be open about his involvement and others questioning how long he should "suffer" for the mistakes of his past. (Closer to home, employees at IKEA seemed willing to forgive; hundreds of them responded to his letter with a fax saying "Ingvar, We are here whenever you need us, the IKEA family.") Kamprad's response was to do what he had been doing for years: maintain a low profile and keep his head down while he worked at continually improving what had by now become Sweden's most recognizable export.
He worked as a senior advisor to the company until his death, a decision he once thusly explained to a reporter: "What else could I do with my age? Grow tomatoes in an allotment behind the house? I don’t know how to do anything apart from sell furniture. I am your classic specialized idiot."
Smarter Living by Design Hosts High-Tech Opening Party
Alex Temblador
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Studies of Pierre Renoir; His Mother, Aline Charigot; Nudes; and Landscape
45.8 × 39 cm (18 × 15 3/8 in.)
Restricted gift of the Phillips Family Collection
John Rewald, The History of Impressionism (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1961), p. 582 (ill.), as Studies of Nudes, the Artist’s Children, and His Wife, c. 1888.
Jean Renoir, “Renoir,” in Look (November 6, 1962), p. 51 (ill.), as Studies of Nudes, the Artist’s Children and His Wife.
Jean Renoir, Tous (June 1963).
Douglas Druick, Renoir (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1997), pp. 66, 100 (pl. 19), 111.
Royal Academy of Arts, London (2014), Rubens and His Legacy, p. 167 and 169.
New York, Charles E. Slatkin Galleries, Renoir: Degas: A loan exhibition of drawings, pastels, sculptures, November 7–December 6, 1958, cat. 55, pl. 37, as Ten Studies, 1888.
Tokyo, The Seibu Museum of Art, The Impressionist Tradition: Masterpieces from The Art Institute of Chicago, October 18 – December 17, 1985, cat. 36 (color ill.), traveled to Fukoka Museum, January 5–February 2, 1986 and Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, March 4 – April 13, 1986, as Studies of Nudes, the Artist’s Children and His Wife, 1888.
Brussels, Centre for Fine Arts (BOZAR), Rubens and His Legacy, September 25, 2014-January 4, 2015; London, Royal Academy of Arts, January 24-April 10, 2015.
Probably Dr. Prat, Renoir’s physician at Cagnes [according to New York 1958]. Mr. and Mrs. Lazarus Phillips, Montreal, bought through John Rewald in Paris in France in October 1958 [according to Ivan E. Phillips’ letter of April 27, 1982, in curatorial file]; by descent to the Phillips family, Montreal; given to the Art Institute, 1983.
Lunch at the Restaurant Fournaise (The Rowers’ Lunch), 1875
Seascape, 1879
Acrobats at the Cirque Fernando (Francisca and Angelina Wartenberg), 1879
The Laundress, 1877/79
Young Woman Sewing, 1879
Alfred Sisley, 1876
Two Sisters (On the Terrace), 1881
Lucie Berard (Child in White), 1883
Chrysanthemums, 1881/82
Madame Léon Clapisson, 1883
Fruits of the Midi, 1881
Near the Lake, 1879/80
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Portrait of a Noblewoman Dressed in Mourning
Next: Reliquary Casket
Previous: Abraham's Sacrific...
David Teniers, the younge...
Arms, Armor, Medieval, and Renaissance
Jacopo Chimenti, called Jacopo da Empoli
Italian, 1551–1640
Arms, Armor, Medieval, and Renaissance, Gallery 205
Jacopo da Empoli
Inscribed on the base of the cross: A L . HT . B . (HT in ligature)
221 × 122.5 cm (87 × 48 1/4 in.)
Louise B. and Frank H. Woods Purchase Fund
“Il collezionista,” Sele arte 39 (1959), p. 80, ill.
“Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April – June, 1960,” Art Quarterly 23 (1960), p. 305, ill.
Art Institute of Chicago, Paintings in The Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Picture Collection (Chicago, 1961), pp. 48, ill., 78.
John Maxon, The Art Institute of Chicago (London, 1970), p. 255, ill.
Burton B. Fredericksen and Federico Zeri, Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1972), pp. 52, 515, 571.
Maria Adelaide Bianchini, “Jacopo da Empoli,” Paradigma 3 (1980), p. 129, fig. 32.
Giuseppe Cantelli, Repertorio della pittura fiorentina del Seicento (Florence, 1983), p. 42.
Alessandro Marabottini, Jacopo di Chimenti da Empoli (Rome, 1988), pp. 97, 226, no. 67, fig. 67.
Christopher Lloyd, Italian Paintings before 1600 in the Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Collection (Chicago, 1993), pp. 76–79, ill.
Annemarie Sawkins, David Franklin and Louis Alexander Waldman, Italian Renaissance Masters, exh. cat. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 2001), pp. 13, 15 n. 12.
Erika Langmuir, “Jacopo da Empoli: Empoli,” The Burlington Magazine 146 (2004), p. 430.
Christie’s, London, Old Master & 19th Century Paintings, Drawings & Watercolours, sale cat., December 8, 2009, p. 88, under lot 27.
Paris, Galerie Heim, Tableaux de maîtres anciens: Nouvelles acquisitions, 1958, no. 19.
The Art Institute of Chicago, European Portraits, 1600–1900, in The Art Institute of Chicago, July 8 – September 11, 1978, no. 1.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Raphael and Titian: The Renaissance Portraits from the Pitti Palace, Florence, December 15, 1999 – March 19, 2000, no cat.
Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, The Medici, Michelangelo and The Art of Late Renaissance Florence, June 6 – 29 September, 2002, no. 22; traveled to Art Institute of Chicago, November 9, 2002 – February 2, 2003, Detroit Institute of Art, March 16 – June 8, 2003.
Empoli, Chiesa di Santo Stefano, Convento degli Agostiniani, Jacopo da Empoli, 1551–1640: Pittore d’eleganza e devozione, March 21 – June 20, 2004, no. 59.
Probably Giovanni Battista Matteo, Cavaliere di Candia (1810–1883), Villa Salviati, Florence [according to a label attached to the stretcher reading, “A lady of the Medici Family from Foots Cray Place brought there from Villa Salviati, Florence.”]. Nicholas Vansittart (d. 1851), first Baron Bexley, Foots Cray Place, near Sidcup, Kent; sold Christie’s, Foots Cray Place, May 2, 1876, no. 237, as Sustermans, Portrait of an Abbess – full length, to Eyles for ₤52 10s with no. 238 “Portrait of a Young Nobleman”, the latter which bears the inscription . AL . M . B . F. / 15(9?)3 [buyer and price of painting according to an annotated sale catalogue in the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles]; probably still in family possession, passing to Nancy Oswald Smith of Shottesbrooke Park, Maidenhead, Berkshire [for the relation of Nancy Oswald Smith to the Vansittart family, see Lloyd 1993, p. 79 n. 2]; sold Christie’s, London, February 13, 1948, no. 62, as Sustermans, to Berendt for ₤26 5s [according to annotated sale catalogue in the Ryerson Library, Art Institute; the “Portrait of a Young Nobleman” was no. 35 in this sale]. Galerie Heim, Paris, by 1958 [see Paris 1958]; purchased from Heim by the Art Institute through the Frank H. and Louise B. Woods Fund, 1960.
Portrait of a Gentleman, 1540/50
Pietro Marescalchi
Gian Lodovico Madruzzo, 1551/52
Giovanni Battista Moroni
Venus and Mars with Cupid and the Three Graces in a Landscape, 1590/95
Domenico Tintoretto
Tarquin and Lucretia, c. 1578/80
Saint Jerome in the Wilderness, 1585/90
Workshop of Paolo Veronese
Portrait of a Gentleman, c. 1590
Jacopo Negretti, called Palma il Giovane
Saint Helen Testing the True Cross, c. 1545
Saint Francis Kneeling in Meditation, 1595/1600
Domenico Theotokópoulos, called El Greco
Mary Magdalene, 1540/50
Moretto da Brescia
The Annunciation, Completed by 1457
Johann Koerbecke
The Creation of Eve, 1570/80
Veronese (Paolo Caliari)
Venus and Cupid, c. 1570
Luca Cambiaso
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Still Life with Dead Game, Fruits, and Vegetables in a Market
Next: The Bedroom
The overflowing abundance of this Flemish market stall is enlivened by fighting roosters, an aggressive cat, and a pickpocket. The painting is an important early example of Frans Snyder’s dynamic Baroque combination of figures and still-life elements. He was probably inspired by the style of Peter Paul Rubens, who excelled at mythological and religious painting. Snyders often contributed animals or fruit to Ruben’s work, and he became the leading Flemish exponent of monumental still-life painting, a genre much sought after by aristocratic collectors.
Inscribed lower right: F . SNYDERS . FECIT . 1614 .
212 × 308 cm (83 1/2 × 121 1/4 in. )
Hella Robels, “Frans Snyders’ Entwicklung als Stillebenmaler,” Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch 31 (1969), pp. 49, 89 n. 23, fig. 32.
Otto Naumann, “Letter From New York,” Tableau 4 (1981), p. 206 (ill.).
The Art Institute of Chicago Annual Report 1981-82 (Chicago, 1982), p. 9, fig. 2.
Edith Greindl, Les peintres flamands de nature morte au XVIIe siècle (Sterrebeek, 1983), pp. 72-3, 375, no. 68, figs. 44, 206.
Peter C. Sutton, A Guide to Dutch Art in America (Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1986), p. 49.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Master Paintings in The Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago, 1988), pp. 9, 31, ill.
Hella Robels, Frans Snyders: Stilleben- und Tiermaler 1579-1657 (Munich, 1989), p. 183, no. 17, ill.
H.W. Janson, History of Art, 5th ed., rev. and expanded by Anthony F. Janson (New York, 1991), p. 576, fig. 785.
Paul Huvenne in Guy C. Bauman and Walter A. Liedtke, eds., Flemish Paintings in America: A Survey of Early Netherlandish and Flemish Paintings in the Public Collections of North America (Antwerp, 1992), pp. 298-99, ill.
Susan Koslow, Frans Snyders: the Noble Estate: Seventeenth-Century Still-Life and Animal Painting in the Southern Netherlands (Antwerp, 1995), pp. 67-74, 80, 97-104, 131, 133, figs. 73. 115, 116.
Elisabeth A. Honig, Painting and the Market in Early Modern Antwerp (New Haven, 1998), pp. 152-53, pl. 16.
Sybille Ebert-Schifferer, Die Geschichte des Stillebens (Munich, 1998), pp. 149-50, fig. 107.
Alan Chong, “Contained Under the Name of Still Life: The Associations of Still-Life Painting” in Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands: 1550 - 1720, exh. cat., Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam and Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999, p. 23.
Nathaniel Wolloch, Subjugated Animals. Animals and Anthropocentrism in Early Modern European Culture (Amherst, New York, 2006), pp. 159, 162-64, figs. 3, 4 and 5.
Sarah R. Cohen, “Life and Death in the Northern European Game Piece” in Early Modern Zoology. The Construction of Animals in Science, Literature and the Visual Arts, ed. Karl A.E. Enekel and Paul J. Smith. Intersections. Yearbook for Early Modern Studies 7 (2007), pp. 610-620, fig. 1.
Margaret D. Carroll, Painting and Politics in Northern Europe: Van Eyck, Bruegel, Rubens, and their Contemporaries (University Park, Penn., 2008), p. 166, fig. 157.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Het Nederlandse Stilleven 1550-1720 (catalogue by Alan Chong and Wouter Kloek), June 19-September 19, 1999, no. 13; traveled to the Cleveland Museum of Art as Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands: 1550 - 1720, October 31, 1999-January 9, 2000.
Olléon collection by late 19th century; by family descent to Jean Olléon, Paris until at least 1970 [according to letter from Hella Robels, dated July 31, 1988, in curatorial file]. Galerie Birtschansky, Paris, 1980. Galerie Maurice Segoura, New York, 1981; sold to the Art Institute, 1981.
Art Access: Renaissance and Baroque Art
Cupid Chastised, 1613
Bartolomeo Manfredi
Portrait of a Man, c. 1660/65
Jan Mijtens
Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness, ca. 1622
Landscape with Saint John on Patmos, 1640
Kitchen Still Life, c. 1640
Paolo Antonio Barbieri
The Resurrection, 1619/20
Francesco Buoneri
The Denial of Saint Peter, 1626/1629
Hendrick Terbrugghen
Judith with the Head of Holofernes, c. 1665
Felice Ficherelli
Resurrection of Christ, 1665/70
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Lady Playing with a Dog, c. 1660/80
Eglon van der Neer
Landscape with the Ruins of the Castle of Egmond, 1650/55
Jacob van Ruisdael
Jupiter Rebuked by Venus, c. 1612/13
Abraham Janssens
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© 2018 The Willem de Kooning Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
American, born Netherlands, 1904–1997
Willem de Kooning was a central figure in Abstract Expressionism, an art movement that espoused the painterly actions of the artist as a sign of his or her emotions. De Kooning completed Excavation in June 1950, just in time for it to be exhibited in the twenty-fifth Venice Biennale. His largest painting up to that date, the work exemplifies the Dutch-born innovator’s style, with its expressive brushwork and distinctive organization of space into sliding planes with open contours. According to the artist, the point of departure for the painting was an image of women working in a rice field in Bitter Rice, a 1949 Neorealist film by Italian director Giuseppe de Santis. The mobile structure of hooked calligraphic lines defines anatomical parts—bird and fish shapes, human noses, eyes, teeth, necks, and jaws—that seem to dance across the painted surface, revealing the particular tension between abstraction and figuration that is inherent in de Kooning’s work. The original white pigment has yellowed over the years, diluting somewhat the flashes of red, blue, yellow, and pink that punctuate the composition. Aptly titled, the painting reflects de Kooning’s technically masterful painting process: an intensive building up of the surface and scraping down of its paint layers, often for months, until the desired effect was achieved.
Contemporary Art, Gallery 291
Signed: recto: "de Kooning" (bottom right in black paint); not inscribed on verso
205.7 × 254.6 cm (81 × 100 1/4 in.), without frame
Mr. and Mrs. Frank G. Logan Purchase Prize Fund; restricted gifts of Edgar J. Kaufmann, Jr., and Mr. and Mrs. Noah Goldowsky
Alfred H. Barr, Jr., “Gorky, De Kooning, Pollock (7 Americans Open in Venice),” “ARTnews” 49, 4 (June-August 1950), p. 23 (ill.).
Louis Finkelstein, “Marin and de Kooning,” “Magazine of Art” 43, 6 (October 1950), p. 202 (ill.).
Eleanor Jewett, “60th Exhibit in Art Institute Features Fads,” “Chicago Daily Tribune,” October 24, 1951, p. B6
Aline B. Louchheim, “Conclusions from a Chicago Annual,” “New York Times,” October 28, 1951, sec. 2, p. 9.
“Institute Show Is Great, One of 3 Judges Insists,” “Chicago Daily News,” October 31, 1951, p. 26.
Daniel Catton Rich, “The Windy City, Storm Center of Many Contemporary Art Movements,” “Art Digest” 26, 3 (November 1, 1951), p. 29 (ill.).
Charles Fabens Kelley, “Chicago’s 60th Annual Stirs Controversy,” “Christian Science Monitor,” November 3, 1951, p. 12.
Charles Fabens Kelley, “Chicago: Record Years,” “ARTnews” 51, 4 (June-August 1952), p. 63 (ill.).
James Thrall Soby,”Painting & Sculpture,” ” Saturday Review,” March 14, 1953, p 19 and 60.
James Thrall Soby, “Willem de Kooning,” in John I. H. Baur, ed., “New Art in America: Fifty Painters of the 20th Century” (New York Graphic Society/Frederick A. Praeger, 1957), pp. 232, 235 (ill.).
Thomas B. Hess, “Willem de Kooning,” The Great American Artists Series A101 (George Braziller, 1959), pp. 116, 120–121, cat. 108, front cover (color ill.).
“Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago” (Art Institute of Chicago, 1961), p. 122, 390 (ill.).
Edwin Denby, “My Friend de Kooning,” “ARTnews Annual” 29 (1964), p. 91 (ill.).
Harold Rosenberg, “The Anxious Object: Art Today and Its Audience” (Horizon Press, 1964), pp. 117–18.
“Instituto de arte de Chicago,” El mundo de los museos (Madrid: Editorial Codex, 1967), pp. 16 (ill.), 83 (color ill.).
Barbara Rose, “American Art Since 1900: A Critical History” (Frederick A. Praeger, 1967), p. 186, fig. 6-38 (ill.).
Guy Brett, “The Tate’s de Kooning Exhibition,” “London Times,” December 6, 1968, p. 17.
Barbara Rose, “American Painting: The 20th Century” (SKIRA, 1969), p. 73, (color ill.), 77; 2nd ed. (SKIRA/Rizzoli, 1986), pp. 81 (color ill.), 85.
Katharine Kuh, “The Story of a Picture,” “Saturday Review,” March 29, 1969, pp. 38–39; repr. in “The Open Eye: In Pursuit of Art” (Harper and Row, 1971), pp. 182–85 (ill.).
Maurice Tuchman, “New York School, the First Generation: Paintings of the 1940s and 1950s,” rev. ed. (New York Graphic Society, 1971), fig. 15 (ill.).
Thomas B. Hess, “Willem de Kooning, Drawings” (New York Graphic Society, 1972), p. 36.
James Speyer, “‘To keep in touch’,” “the ARTgallery magazine,” June 1972, p.33-36
Sam Hunter, “American Art of the 20th Century: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture” (Harry N. Abrams, 1972), p. 245, pl. 318 (color ill.); 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1973), p. 245, pl. 388 (color ill.).
“4 mestres contemporâneos: Jean Dubuffet, Alberto Giacometti, Willem de Kooning, Francis Bacon,” exh. cat. (Brasil: Os Museus, 1973), n.pag.
John Wilmerding, ed., “The Genius of American Painting” (William Morrow and Company, 1973), p. 289 (ill.).
Abraham A. Davidson, “The Story of American Painting” (Harry N. Abrams, 1974), p. 144, pl. 131 (ill.).
Philip Larson and Peter Schjeldahl, “De Kooning: Drawings, Sculptures,” exh. cat. (E. P. Dutton and Company, 1974), n.pag. (ill.).
Harold Rosenberg, “Willem de Kooning” (Harry N. Abrams, 1974), pp. 13, 17, 19, 22–23, 30, 34, 284, pl. 82 (color ill.).
“Willem de Kooning: 1941–1959,” exh. cat. (Chicago: Richard Gray Gallery, 1974), n.pag.
“De Kooning: Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture, 1967–1975,” exh. cat. (West Palm Beach: Norton Gallery of Art, 1975), pp. 11, 45.
Celia Mariott, “Iconography in de Kooning’s ‘Excavation,’” “Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago” 69, 1 (January/February 1975), pp. 15–18, fig. 1 (ill.).
Frederick Hartt, “Art: A History of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture” (Harry N. Abrams, 1976), vol. 2, p. 456, fig. 555 (ill.); 2nd ed. (1985), pp. 857, 935, fig. 1247 (ill.); 4th ed. (1993), pp. 32, 1020–21, fig. 27 (color ill.).
Anthony Libby, “O’Hara on the Silver Range,” “Contemporary Literature” 17, 2 (Spring 1976), pp. 245–46, 261.
“Willem de Kooning: sculptures, lithographies, peintures,” exh. cat. (Geneva: Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, 1977), p. 29.
Diane Waldman, “Willem de Kooning in East Hampton,” exh. cat. (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1978), pp. 14–15 (ill.), 133.
“Willem de Kooning: obras recientes,” exh. cat. (Madrid: Fundacíon Juan March, 1978), n.pag.
“Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Dordrechts Museum, 1979), n.pag.
“Willem de Kooning: Pittsburgh International Series,” exh. cat. (Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, 1979), p. 164.
Charles F. Stuckey, “Bill de Kooning and Joe Christmas,” “Art in America” 68, 3 (March 1980), pp. 67, 77, fig. 2 (color ill.).
Sally Yard, “Willem de Kooning: The First Twenty-Six Years in New York, 1927–1952” (Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1980), pp. 154, 157, 159, 172–73, 185, 194–195, fig. 224 (ill.).
Harry F. Gaugh, “Willem de Kooning,” Modern Masters 2 (Abbeville Press, 1983), pp. 31, 36–38, 41, 56, 64, 71, 109, fig. 27 (color ill.).
“The North Atlantic Light, 1960–1983,” exh. cat. (Moderna Museet, 1983), p. 18.
Curtis Bill Pepper, “ The Indomitable de Kooning,” “New York Times,” November 20, 1983, p. 88.
“Willem de Kooning: Drawings, Paintings, Sculptures,” exh. cat. (Whitney Museum of American Art/Prestel-Verlag, 1983), pp. 18, 115, 124, 272, cat. 180 (color ill.).
Robert Hughes, “Painting’s Vocabulary Builder,” “Time” (January 9, 1984), pp. 62–63.
Philip Jodidio, “Peindre le desordre de l’epoque,” “Connaissance des arts” 388 (June 1984), pp. 49–50 (color ill.).
Jörn Merkert, “Willem de Kooning: le plaisir de réalité,” “Art Press” 82 (June 1984), pp. 7, 9–10 (ill.).
Calvin Tompkins, “Manet and de Kooning,” “New Yorker” (February 6, 1984), pp. 77, 79.
“Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Centre Georges Pompidou, 1984), pp. 87 (color ill.), 190, 200 (photo).
“De Kooning: dipinti, disegni, sculture,” exh. cat. (Electa, 1985), p. 64.
“The Abstract Expressionist,” “Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin” 44, 3 (Winter 1986–87), pp. 29, 39.
Philippe Sollers, “De Kooning, vite” (Éditions de la différence, 1988), vol. 1, p. 22; vol. 2, cat. 20 (color ill.).
Kirk Varnedoe with Pepe Karmel, “Jackson Pollock,” exh. cat. (Museum of Modern Art/Harry N. Abrams, 1988), p. 39.
Diane Waldman, “Willem de Kooning” (National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution/Harry N. Abrams, 1988), pp. 71–72, 75–76, 147, fig. 58 (color ill.).
James N. Wood and Katharine C. Lee, “Master Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago” (Art Institute of Chicago/New York Graphic Society Books and Little, Brown and Company, 1988), p. 148 (color ill.); 2nd ed., James N. Wood (Art Institute of Chicago/Hudson Hills Press, 1999), p. 148 (color ill.).
Elizabeth Murray, “Willem de Kooning,” “Art Journal” 48, 3 (Fall 1989), p. 236.
Mildred Glimcher, “Willem de Kooning, Dubuffet: The Women,” exh. cat. (New York: Pace Gallery, 1990), pp. 19, 21, fig. 7 (ill.).
Donald Goddard, “American Painting” (Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1990), pp. 243, 247 (color ill.).
“Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Paris: Galerie Karsten Greve, 1990), pp. 103, 122–23.
Sally Yard, “The Angel and the Demoiselle: Willem de Kooning’s ‘Black Friday,’” “Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University” 50, 2 (1991), p. 14.
April Kingsley, “The Turning Point: The Abstract Expressionists and the Transformation of American Art” (Simon and Schuster, 1992), pp. 30, 101, 140, 197, 202, 212–18 (ill.), 233, 366.
David Anfam, “Review: Abstract Expressionism, Works on Paper,” “Burlington Magazine” 135, 1086 (September 1993), p. 658.
Eric de Chassey, “Les quatre leçons de Paul Cézanne,” “Beaux Arts” 111 (April 1993), p. 83 (color ill.).
Yoshiyuki Fuji, “Willem de Kooning,” Contemporary Great Masters 5 (Kodansha, 1993), pl. 15 (color ill.).
Lee Hall, “Elaine and Bill, Portrait of a Marriage: The Lives of Willem and Elaine de Kooning” (Harper Collins, 1993), pp. 86, 150.
“Willem de Kooning: Transcending Landscape, Paintings 1975–1979,” exh. cat. (New York: C and M Arts, 1993), n.pag.
James N. Wood, “Treasures of 19th- and 20th-Century Painting: The Art Institute of Chicago” (Abbeville Press, 1993), p. 299 (color ill.).
Judith Zilczer et al., “Willem de Kooning: From the Hirshhorn Museum Collection,” exh. cat. (Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution/Rizzoli, 1993), pp. 40–42, 191, fig. 21 (ill.); Catalan and Spanish cat., pp. 44–47, 177, fig. 19 (ill.).
David Cateforis, “Willem de Kooning” (Rizzoli International, 1994), n.pag., pl. 5 (color ill.), back cover (color ill.).
Adam Gopnik, “The Last Action Hero,” “New Yorker” (May 23, 1994), p. 86.
Michael Kimmelman, “America’s Living Old Master,” “New York Times,” May 15, 1994, p. H41.
Stuart Klawans, “‘I Was a Weird Example of Art’: My Amputations as Cubist Confession,” “African American Review” 28, 1 (Spring 1994), pp. 78–79.
Robert Natkin, “Canapés from Twombly; Hot Meal Art from de Kooning, Kline,” “New York Observer,” November 14, 1994, n.pag. (ill.).
Stephen Polcari, “Review: Willem de Kooning, Washington, National Gallery,” “Burlington Magazine” 136, 1098 (September 1994), p. 644, fig. 68 (ill.).
Bennett Schiff, “For de Kooning, Painting Has Been ‘A Way of Living,’” “Smithsonian” 25, 1 (April 1994), pp. 114–15 (color ill.).
Deborah Solomon, “The Figure in the (Abstract) Canvas,” “Wall Street Journal,” May 6, 1994, p. A12.
Jonathan Fineberg, “Art Since 1940: Strategies of Being” (Prentice Hall, 1995), pp. 78–80, fig. 3.44 (color ill.); 2nd ed. (Harry N. Abrams, 2000), pp. 78–80, fig. 3.44 (color ill.).
David Sylvester, “The Birth of ‘Woman I,’” “Burlington Magazine” 137, 1105 (April 1995), pp. 220, 225–226, 229–230, fig. 8 (ill.).
“Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Zurich: Thomas Amman Fine Art, 1995), n.pag.
“Willem de Kooning: Paintings,” exh. pamphlet (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995), n.pag.
“Picasso, Guston, Miró, de Kooning: in vollkommener Freiheit/Painting for Themselves, Late Works,” exh. cat. (Neues Museum Weserburg/Hirmer, 1996), pp. 170–71 (ill.).
Carter Ratcliff, “The Fate of a Gesture: Jackson Pollock and Postwar American Art” (Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1996), pp. 99–100, 105, pl. II (color ill.).
James N. Wood and Teri J. Edelstein, “The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth-Century Painting and Sculpture” (Hudson Hills Press, 1996), pp. 9, 98–99 (color ill.).
Alan G. Artner, “Master Artist W. de Kooning Dead at 92,” “Chicago Tribune,” March 20, 1997, sec. 1, back page (ill.).
“The End of Art’s Great Triumvirate: Modern Master de Kooning Dies at Age 92,” “Chicago Sun–Times,” March 20, 1997, p. 29 (ill.).
Michael Kimmelman, “Willem de Kooning Dies at 92; Reshaped U.S. Art,” “New York Times,” March 20, 1997, p. A16.
Sally Yard, “Willem de Kooning” (Rizzoli, 1997), pp. 47, 50, 58, 104, cat. 35 (color ill.).
Susan Chevlowe et al., “Common Man, Mythic Vision: The Paintings of Ben Shahn,” exh. cat. (Jewish Museum/Princeton University Press, 1998), p. 89, fig. 45 (ill.).
Germano Celant et al., “Jim Dine: Walking Memory, 1959–1969,” exh. cat. (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum/Harry N. Abrams, 1999), p. 35, fig. 10 (ill.).
“Cézanne und die Moderne,” exh. cat. (Foundation Beyeler/Hatje Cantz, 1999), p. 134.
Daniel Schulman, “Marion Perkins: A Chicago Sculptor Rediscovered” in “African Americans in Art: Selections from the Art Institute of Chicago,” “Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies” 24, 2 (1999), p. 100.
Richard Shiff, “Review: Willem de Kooning, New York and Columbus,” “Burlington Magazine” 141, 1154 (May 1999), p. 315.
Edvard Lieber, “Willem de Kooning: Reflections in the Studio” (Harry N. Abrams, 2000), p. 34.
James N. Wood and Debra N. Mancoff, “Treasures from the Art Institute of Chicago” (Art Institute of Chicago/Hudson Hills Press, 2000), pp. 16, 286 (color ill., detail), 295 (color ill.).
David Anfam, “Review: Willem de Kooning, Valencia and Madrid,” “Burlington Magazine” 143, 1185 (December 2001), p. 785.
“De Kooning, Chamberlain: Influence and Transformation,” exh. cat. (Pace Wildenstein, 2001), p. 43.
“Guerrero, de Kooning: la sabiduría del color,” exh. cat. (Granada: Centro José Guerrero, 2001), p. 142.
Cornelia H. Butler et al., “Willem de Kooning: Tracing the Figure,” exh. cat. (Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles/Princeton University Press, 2002), p. 142 (color ill.).
Anthony White, ed., “Jackson Pollock’s ‘Blue Poles,’” exh. cat. (National Gallery of Australia, 2002), p. 66.
“De Kooning: A Centennial Exhibition,” exh. cat. (New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2004), pp. 10–15, 132, fig. 5 (color ill.).
“Garden in Delft: Willem de Kooning Landscapes 1928–88,” exh. cat. (New York: Mitchell-Innes and Nash, 2004), p. 14.
Mark Stevens and Annalyn Swan, “De Kooning: An American Master” (Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), pp. 282, 293–97, 301 (color ill.), 305–07, 309–10, 312, 318–20, 327, 331, 337, 342, 379, 420, 449, 519, 600.
Ingried Brugger et al., “Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Kunstforum Wien/Edition Minerva, 2005), pp. 14–15 (color ill.), 28–29 (color ill.), 46 (color ill.), 57, 93, 173.
“De Kooning: Paintings 1960–1980, Kunstmuseum Basel,” exh. cat. (Hatje Cantz, 2005), pp. 47, 186.
“Willem de Kooning: Late Paintings,” exh. cat. (Munich: Schirmer Mosel, 2006), pp. 15, 81.
“De Kooning, Women,” exh. pamphlet (New York: Craig F. Starr Associates, 2007), n.pag.
15, 133.
Sally Yard, “Willem de Kooning: The First Twenty-Six Years in New York, 1927–1952” (Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1980), pp. 154, 157, 159, 172–73, 185, 194, 195, fig. 224 (ill.).
Robert Hughes, “Painting’s Vocabulary Builder,” “Time,” January 9, 1984, pp. 62, 63.
Philip Jodidio, “Peindre le desordre de l’epoque,” “Connaissance des arts,” 388 (June 1984), pp. 49 (color ill.), 50.
Jörn Merkert, “Willem de Kooning: le plaisir de réalité,” “Art Press,” 82 (June 1984), pp. 7, 9, 10 (ill.).
Calvin Tompkins, “Manet and de Kooning,” “The New Yorker,” February 6, 1984, pp. 77, 79.
Diane Waldman, “Willem de Kooning” (National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution/Harry N. Abrams, 1988), pp. 71, 72, 75, 76, 147, fig. 58 (color ill.).
“Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Paris: Galerie Karsten Greve, 1990), pp. 103, 122, 123.
Eric de Chassey, “Les quatre leçons de Paul Cézanne,” “Beaux Arts,” 111 (April 1993), p. 83 (color ill.).
Yoshiyuki Fuji, “Willem de Kooning,” Contemporary Great Masters 5 (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993), pl. 15 (color ill.).
Adam Gopnik, “The Last Action Hero,” “The New Yorker,” May 23, 1994, p. 86.
David Sylvester, “The Birth of ‘Woman I,’” “Burlington Magazine” 137, 1105 (April 1995), pp. 220, 225, 226, 229, 230, fig. 8 (ill.).
James N. Wood and Teri J. Edelstein, “The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth-Century Painting and Sculpture” (Hudson Hills Press, 1996), pp. 9, 98, 99 (color ill.).
Susan Chevlowe et al., “Common Man, Mythic Vision: The Paintings of Ben Shahn,” exh. cat. (The Jewish Museum/Princeton University Press, 1998), p. 89, fig. 45 (ill.).
Germano Celant et al., “Jim Dine: Walking Memory, 1959–1969,” exh. cat. (Guggenheim Museum/Harry N. Abrams, 1999), p. 35, fig. 10 (ill.).
“de Kooning: A Centennial Exhibition,” exh. cat. (New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2004), pp. 10–11, 12, 13, 14–15, 132, fig. 5 (color ill.).
Mark Stevens and Annalyn Swan, “de Kooning: An American Master” (Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), pp. 282, 293–97, 301 (color ill.), 305–07, 309, 310, 312, 318, 319–20, 327, 331, 337, 342, 379, 420, 449, 519, 600.
Ingried Brugger et al., “Willem de Kooning,” exh. cat. (Kunstforum Wien/Edition Minerva, 2005), pp. 14 (color ill.), 15, 28 (color ill.), 29, 46 (color ill.), 57, 93, 173.
“XXV Biennale di Venezia,” June 8–October 15, 1950, cat. 82.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, “Abstract Painting and Sculpture in America,” January 23–March 25, 1951, cat. by Andrew Carnduff Ritchie, cat. 54 (ill.).
Art Institute of Chicago, “60th Annual American Exhibition,” October 25–December 16, 1951, n.pag., cat. 41.
New York, Wildenstein and Company, “Loan Exhibition of Seventy XX Century American Paintings,” February 21–March 22, 1952, cat. 55.
Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, “New Accessions USA,” July 3–September 2, 1952, cat. 12 (ill.).
“XXVII Biennale di Venezia,” June 19–October 17, 1954, cat. 64.
Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum, “Willem de Kooning,” September 19–November 17, 1968, organized by the International Council of the Museum of Modern Art, cat. by Thomas B. Hess; traveled to London, Tate Gallery, December 5, 1968–January 26, 1969, New York, Museum of Modern Art, March 6–April 27, 1969, Art Institute of Chicago, May 17–July 6, 1969, and Los Angeles County Museum of Art, July 29–September 14, 1969, pp. 51, 73–75, cat. 46 (color ill.); Dutch cat., n.pag., cat. 43 (color ill.).
Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, “Abstract Expressionism: The Critical Developments,” September 19–November 29, 1987, organized by Michael Auping, pp. 43, 45, 128, cat. 31 (color ill.).
Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, “Willem de Kooning: Paintings,” May 8–September 5, 1994, cat. by Marla Prather with essays by David Sylvester and Richard Shiff; traveled to New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, October 11, 1994–January 8, 1995, and London, Tate Gallery, February 15–May 7, 1995 (Washington, D. C. and New York only), pp. 20, 93, 100–02, 127, 136, cat. 21 (color ill.).
Charles Egan Gallery, New York, 1950. Sold, Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, to the Art Institute, 1952.
Untitled (Purple, White, and Red), 1953
Red Yellow Blue White and Black II, 1953
Ellsworth Kelly
Rodeo, 1971
Woman Descending the Staircase (Frau die Treppe herabgehend), 1965
Explosion at Sea, 1966
Vija Celmins
East River, 1959
Height, 1958/59
Jack Tworkov
In Lovely Blueness No. 2, 1955/56
The Annunciation, 1957/59
Jay DeFeo
No. I.Z, 1960
Still Life, 1955
Giorgio Morandi
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Bathers by a River
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© 2018 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
1909–10, 1913, and 1916–1917
French, 1869–1954
Henri Matisse considered Bathers by a River to be one of the five most “pivotal” works of his career, and with good reason: it facilitated the evolution of the artist’s style over the course of nearly a decade. Originally, the work was related to a 1909 commission by the Russian collector Sergei Shchukin, who wanted two large canvases to decorate the staircase of his Moscow home. Matisse proposed three pastoral images, though Shchukin decided to purchase only two works, Dance II and Music (both State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg).
Four years later, Matisse returned to this canvas, the rejected third image, altering the idyllic scene and changing the pastel palette to reflect his new interest in Cubism. He reordered the composition, making the figures more columnar, with faceless, ovoid heads. Over the next years, Matisse transformed the background into four vertical bands and turned the formerly blue river into a thick black vertical band. With its restricted palette and severely abstracted forms, Bathers by a River is far removed from Dance II and Music, which convey a graceful lyricism. The sobriety and hint of danger in Bathers by a River may in part reflect the artist’s concerns during the terrible, war-torn period during which he completed it.
Modern Art, Gallery 391
Signed, l.l.: "Henri-Matisse"
260 × 392 cm (102 1/2 × 154 3/16 in.)
Charles Estienne, “Des tendances de la peinture moderne: Entretien avec M. Henri-Matisse,” Les nouvelles 2, no. 106 (Apr. 12, 1909), p. 4.
Alvin Langdon Coburn, Men of Mark (Duckworth and Co./Mitchell Kennerly, 1913), pl. 33 (detail).
Ernst Goldschmidt, “Strejftog i Kunsten: Henri Matisse,” Politiken, Jan. 5, 1913, p. 13.
Robert Rey, “Beaux-Arts and Curiosité: Une heure chez Matisse,” L’opinion 7, no. 2 (Jan. 10, 1914), p. 60.
Axel Salto, “Henri Matisse,” Klingen (Apr. 1918), n. pag.
Ameen Rihani, “Artists in War-Time, Part II,” International Studio 68, no. 269 (July 1919), p. VI.
Amédée Ozenfant and Charles–Édouard Jeanneret, “Recherches,” L’Esprit nouveau 22 (Apr. 1924), n. pag. (ill.).
Sylvain Bonmariage, “Henri Matisse et la peinture pure,” Cahiers d’art 9 (1926), pp. 239 (ill.), 240, as Jeunes Filles au bain and Jeunes filles au bain, terminé en 1918.
Gustav Kahn, Review, Le quotidien (Autumn 1926).
André Warnod, “Les expositions de la semaine: Retour de vacances—Henri Matisse,” Comœdia (Oct. 7, 1926), p. 3, as Les Demoiselles de la Riviera.
Les arts à Paris (1927), pp. 19–22.
Florant Fels, Henri-Matisse, XXe siècle 3 (Éditions des Croniques du Jour, 1929), pl. 10, as Femmes au ruisseau, 1917.
Roger Fry, Henri-Matisse (Éditions des Croniques du Jour/A. Zwemmer, 1930), pl. 10, as Women by a Stream, 1917.
Gotthard Jedlicka, Henri-Matisse (Verlag Chroniques du Jour, 1930), pl. 10, as Frauen am Bach, 1917.
Jacques-Émile Blanche, Les arts plastiques (Les Editions de France, 1931), pp. 247–48, as Demoiselles à la rivière.
Carl Einstein, Die Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts, 3rd ed. (Propyläen-Verlag, 1931), pp. 27, 37, 241 (ill.), as Frauen am Bach, 1917.
Paul Fierens, “Matisse et le corps féminin,” Cahiers d’art, 6, nos. 5–6, Le Œuvre de Henri Matisse (1931), p. 259, as Jeunes filles au bain.
Will Grohmann, “Henri-Matisse,” in Christian Zervos et al., “Le oeuvre de Henri Matisse,” special issue, Cahiers d’art 6, nos. 5–6 (1931), p. 276, as Jeunes Filles au bain, 1917.
Pierre Guéguen, “Poésie d’Henri-Matisse,” in Christian Zervos, ed., “Le oeuvre de Henri Matisse,” special issue, Cahiers d’art 6, nos. 5–6 (1931), p. 264, as les Jeunes filles au bain and le Bain.
Christian Zervos, “Notes sur la formation et le développement de l’œuvre de Henri-Matisse,” in Christian Zervos, ed., “Le oeuvre de Henri Matisse,” special issue, Cahiers d’art 6, nos. 5–6 (1931), p. 249, as les Jeunes filles au bain, 1917.
Christian Zervos, ed., “Le oeuvre de Henri Matisse,” special issue, Cahiers d’art, 6, nos. 5–6 (1931), p. 294, fig. 62, as Jeunes filles au bain, terminé en 1917.
Paul Fierens, “Henri-Matisse,” Journal des débats, Mar. 8, 1936, p. 3, as Jeunes filles au bain.
Christian Zervos, Histoire de l’art contemporain (Éditions Cahiers d’Art, 1938), pp. 164, 165 (ill.), as Jeunes Filles au Bain, Issy-les-Moulineaux, 1916–1917 and 1915–1917.
R. H. Wilenski, Modern French Painters (Reynal & Hitchcock, 1940), p. 258, as Les femmes à la rivière.
Herbert Read, “Modern Art and French Decadence,” Studio 124, no. 597 (Dec. 1942), p. 179 (ill.), as Les jeunes filles a la rivière [sic.].
Annual Report of the Philadelphia Museum of Art 72, with text by Fiske Kimball (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1948), cover (detail).
Henry Clifford and Henri Matisse, Henri Matisse: Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture, Organized in Collaboration with the Artist, exh. cat. (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1948), pp. 39, cat. 43; n. pag., no. 43 (ill.), as Girls Bathing (Au Bord de la Rivière), 1917.
Autour de 1900, exh. cat., with an essay by Robert Rey (Galerie Charpentier, 1950), n. pag. (ill.); cat. 120, as Jeunes filles à la rivière, 1914.
Alfred H. Barr, Jr., Matisse: His Art and His Public (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1951), pp. [3], 181, 183, 190, 201, 408 (ill.), 409, 542, 545, as Bathers by a River (Women at a Spring; Baigneuses), (worked on at Issy-les-Moulineaux, 1916, 1917; begun earlier).
Museum of Modern Art, Henri Matisse, exh. cat., with an introduction by Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1951), pp. 6; 10, cat. 47, as Bathers by a River (Women at a Spring), (1916, 1917; begun earlier).
Frank A. Trapp, “The Paintings of Henri Matisse: Origins and Early Development” (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1951), pp. ix; 216–21; figs. 170–71, as Jeunes filles au bain, 1917 and Jeunes filles au bain, preliminary state, 1916 (?).
Eugène-Victor Thau, “New York: L’art d’Henri Matisse devant la critique Americaine,” trans. Paul Davay, Beaux-arts 16, no. 551 (Dec. 14, 1951), p. 4 (ill.), as Baigneuses, 1916–1917.
Janet Flanner, “Profiles: King of the Wild Beasts, I,” New Yorker, Dec. 22, 1951, pp. 45–46, as Bathers by a River, 1917.
E. Tériade, “Matisse Speaks,” Art News Annual 21 (1952), p. 53, as Young Girls by the River.
Clement Greenberg, Henri Matisse, (1869– ), Pocket Library of Great Art (Harry N. Abrams, 1953), pl. 18; n. pag., as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Gaston Diehl, with notices by Agnès Humbert, Henri Matisse (Éditions Pierre Tisné, 1954), pp. 60; 66–67; 79; pl. 74; 141, no. 74; 154, as Demoiselles à la rivière ou Les demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–17.
Jacques Lassaigne, Matisse, Le goût de notre temps (Éditions d’Art Albert Skira, 1959), pp. 86, 132, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–1917.
Raymond Escholier, Matisse: From the Life, trans. Geraldine Colvile and H. M. Colvile (Faber and Faber, 1960), pp. 97, 148, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–17 and Les Demoiselles à la rivière.
Art Institute of Chicago, Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Picture Collection (Art Institute of Chicago, 1961, repr., 1968), pp. 304–05, 468 (ill.), as Bathers by a River (Women at a Spring), begun earlier, finished 1916–17 and Bathers by a River 1916/17.
Clement Greenberg, “The Late Thirties in New York,” in Art and Culture: Critical Essays (Beacon Press, 1961), p. 233, as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
Herbert Read, A Concise History of Modern Sculpture (Frederick A. Praeger, 1964, repr., 1965), p. 40, as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
A. James Speyer, “The Matisse Retrospective Exhibition,” Calendar of the Art Institute of Chicago 60, 2 (Mar. 1966), n. pag. (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
A. James Speyer, “Twentieth-Century European Paintings and Sculpture,” Apollo, n.s., 84, no. 55 (Sept. 1966), p. 225, as Bathers by a River, 1916–7.
The WFMT Guide (Nov. 1966), n. pag. (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Frederick Brill, Matisse, Colour Library of Art (Paul Hamlyn, 1967), pp. 36; 38; pl. 23, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Charles C. Cunningham, John Maxon, and Anselmo Carini, Instituto de arte de Chicago, Mundo de los museos (Editorial Codex, 1967), pp. 13 (ill.); 29 (ill.); 70 (ill.); 72, as Bañistas en el río.
George Heard Hamilton, Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1880 to 1940, Pelican History of Art (Penguin Books, 1967), pp. xiv, no. 56; 110; 296; pl. 56, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Barbara Rose, American Art since 1900: A Critical History (Frederick A. Praeger, 1967), p. 148, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17. Later edition, Rose, American Art since 1900, revised and expanded ed. (Praeger Publishers, 1975), p. 124, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Kenjirō Okamoto, Bonnard/Matisse, L’art du Monde 16 (Kawade Shobō, 1968), n.
pag.; pp. [49–50], pl. 46; 110, no. 46, as Kawabe no musume-tachi [Girls of the riverside]/Les demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–17.
Alfred Jakstas, “Reports of the Departments: Conservation,” Art Institute of Chicago Annual Report 1968–1969 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1969), p. 47, as Bathers by the River.
John Russell, The World of Matisse, 1869–1954 (Time-Life Books, 1969), pp. 90 (ill.), 122, 129, 186, as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
Jean Guichard-Meili, “Les odalisques,” XXe siècle, special ed., Hommage à Henri Matisse (XXe siècle, 1970), pp. 64, 66 (ill.), as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–1917 and Jeunes femmes à la rivière, Issy, 1916.
John Maxon, The Art Institute of Chicago (Harry N. Abrams, 1970), pp. 117 (ill.), 118, 283, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Pierre Schneider, with the collaboration of Tamara Préaud, Henri Matisse: Exposition du Centenaire, exh. cat., 2nd ed. (Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1970), pp. 40 (ill.), 41, 76, 86, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–1917?
Henry Groskinsky, photographer, “The Sculpture of Henri Matisse,” Life 69, no. 11 (Sept. 11, 1970), pp. 46 (ill.), 47, as Bathers by a River.
Louis Aragon, Henri Matisse, roman, vol. 1 (Éditions Gallimard, 1971), pp. 302; 337–38, pl. LXX; 351, no. LXX, as Les demoiselles à la rivière and Les demoiselles a la rivière or Jeunes filles a la rivière, 1916.
Massimo Carrà, “Catalogo delle opera,” in Mario Luzi and Massimo Carrà, L’opera di Matisse: dalla rivolta ‘fauve’ all’intimismo, 1904–1928, Classici dell’Arte 49 (Rizzoli Editore, 1971), p. 96, cat. 249 (ill.), as Ragazze al fiume (Bagnanti), 1916–17.
Danièle Giraudy, “Correspondance Henri Matisse—Charles Camoin,” Revue de l’art 12 (1971), p. 16, as des Baigneuses.
Jack D. Flam, “Matisse’s Backs and the Development of His Painting,” Art Journal 30, no. 4 (Summer 1971), pp. 356; 357, fig. 11, as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
Albert E. Elsen, The Sculpture of Henri Matisse (Harry N. Abrams, c. 1972), pp. 190; 191, fig. 251; 192; 220, n. 107, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Dominique Fourcade, Henri Matisse: Écrits et propos sur l’art (Hermann, 1972), p. 123, as Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916 17.
Jack D. Flam, Matisse on Art (Phaidon, 1973), pp. 49, 134, 162, 173, as Young Girls by the River, Baigneuses, and Les baigneuses.
Jack D. Flam, The Norton Matisses: The Rose, Lorette, Two Rays (Art Museum of the Palm Beaches, 1973), n. pag., as Bathers by a River.
Clement Greenberg, “Influences of Matisse,” in Henri Matisse, exh. cat. (Acquavella Galleries, 1973), n. pag. (ill.), as Bathers by a River, c. 1916.
John Jacobus, Henri Matisse, Library of Great Painters (Harry N. Abrams, 1973), pp. [6]; 15; 31; 33; 36; 146–47, pl. 31; 148; 156; 174, as Bathers by the River, 1916/17, 1916–17, and 1910–1917.
John Hallmark Neff, “Matisse and Decoration 1906–14: Studies of the Ceramics and the Commissions for Paintings and Stained Glass” (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1974), pp. xvi, nos. 77, 78, 79; 145; 146–48; 181, n. 168; 182–84, nn. 170–74, 176; figs. 77–78; fig. 79 (detail), as Bathers by a River, second state, c. 1913–14; Bathers by a River, final state, finished 1916.
Albert Kosténévich, “La Danse and La Musique by Henri Matisse: A New Interpretation,” Apollo, n.s., 100, no. 154 (Dec. 1974), p. 513, n. 10, as Les Baigneuses, 1916.
Lisa Lyons, “Matisse: Work, 1914–1917,” Arts Magazine 49, no. 9 (May 1975), pp. 74–75, as Bathers by a River.
Frank Trapp, “Form and Symbol in the Art of Matisse,” Arts Magazine 49, no. 9 (May 1975), pp. 56 (ill.), 57–58, as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917 and Bathers by a River, completed 1917.
Hilton Kramer, “Rediscovering the Genius of Henri Matisse,” New York Times, July 27, 1975, p. X21, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
John Hallmark Neff, “Matisse and Decoration: The Shchukin Panels,” Art in America 63, 4 (July–Aug. 1975), pp. 40; 45; 46, fig. 13; 47, fig. 16; 48, nn. 21, 23–25, as Bathers by a River, ca. 1916–17; begun around 1910.
Nicholas Watkins, Matisse (Phaidon Press, 1977), p. 9, as Bathers by the River, 1916/17.
Grace Glueck, “The 20th-Century Artists Most Admired by Other Artists,” Art News 76, no. 9 (Nov. 1977), pp. 79, 82, 92 (ill.), 93, as Bathers by a River.
John Elderfield, The Cut-Outs of Henri Matisse (George Braziller, 1978), pp. 32–33; 34, fig. 24, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
John Elderfield, Matisse in the Collection of The Museum of Modern Art (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1978), pp. 60; 188, fig. 39; 189, n. 3, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Janice J. Feldstein and Maureen Smith, eds., The Art Institute of Chicago: 100 Masterpieces (Art Institute of Chicago, 1978), pp. 136–37, pl. 86, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
John Golding, Matisse and Cubism, W. A. Cargill Memorial Lectures in Fine Art 6 (University of Glasgow Press, 1978), p. 18, as Baigneuses, 1916–17 and Bathers by a river, 1916–17, begun in 1909 or 10.
Robert Motherwell, “Words of the Painter,” New York Times, June 4, 1978, Book Review, p. 12, as Bathers by the River.
Lawrence Gowing, Matisse (Thames & Hudson, 1979), pp. 137, fig. 121; 209, no. 121, as Baigneuses (Bathers by a River), 1916–17.
Brenda Richardson, Barnett Newman: The Complete Drawings, 1944–1969, exh. cat. (Baltimore Museum of Art, 1979), p. 25 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
A. James Speyer and Courtney Graham Donnell, Twentieth-Century European Paintings (University of Chicago Press, 1980), pp. 7; 14; 54, cat. 2F9; microfiche 2, no. F9 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, completed in 1916–17 and Bathers by a River, c. 1916–17.
Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold, “Matisse und seine Sammler,” in Henri Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Felix Baumann (Kunsthaus Zürich and Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1982), p. 47, as Baigneuses, vermutlich 1910 begonnen.
Reinhold Hohl, “Matisse und Picasso,” in Henri Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Felix Baumann (Kunsthaus Zürich and Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1982), pp. 35–36, as Les baigneuses.
Franz Meyer, “Matisse und die Amerikaner,” in Henri Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Felix Baumann (Kunsthaus Zürich and Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1982), pp. 67; 68, fig. 51; 74, n. 28, as Les demoiselles à la rivière, 1916/17 and Les demoiselles à la rivière, 1914/17.
Pierre Schneider, “Matisse et l’âge d’or,” in Tout l’œuvre peint de Matisse, 1904–1928, ed. Xavier Deryng, Les Classiques de l’Art (Flammarion, 1982), p. 9, as Demoiselles à la rivière.
T. J. Clark, Matisse (videotape), Modern Art and Modernism (Anthony Roland Collection of Films on Art/Open Univeristy, 1983), as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Bernard Noël, Matisse (Hazan, 1983), p. 21, as lesDemoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
John Elderfield, The Drawings of Henri Matisse (Arts Council of Great Britain/Museum of Modern Art, New York/Thames & Hudson, 1984), p. 70, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Michael P. Mezzatesta, Henri Matisse: Sculptor/Painter; A Formal Analysis of Selected Works, exh. cat. (Kimbell Art Museum, 1984), pp. 7; 97, fig. 64; 102; 103, fig. 68; 104, n. 1; 105, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, The Sculpture of Henri Matisse, exh. cat. (Thames & Hudson, 1984), pp. 23, fig. 29; 32; 149, no. 29, as Bathers by a River, 1916 and Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
Pierre Schneider, Matisse (Flammarion, 1984), pp. 183; 284; 289 (ill.); 303; 307, n. 30; 338, n. 1; 381; 393–94; 469; 472–73; 489–90; 541–42; 553; 567, n. 43; 620; 622; 628, as Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
Nicholas Watkins, Matisse (Phaidon, 1984), pp. 43; 93; 127; 129, pl. 112; 130; 133–35; 138–39; 143; 174; 226; 235, no. 112, as Bathers by a River, completed in 1916.
Ann Schoenfeld, “Grace Hartigan in the Early 1950s: Some Sources, Influences, and the Avant-Garde,” Arts Magazine 60, no. 1 (Sept. 1985), pp. 85, fig. 3; 86; 87, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17 and Bathers by a River, 1916.
Catherine C. Bock, “Woman before an Aquarium and Woman on a Rose Divan: Matisse in the Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection,” in “The Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection” special issue, Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 12, no. 2 (1986), pp. 203; 218, n. 2, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Jack Flam, Matisse: The Man and His Art, 1869–1918 (Cornell University Press, 1986), pp. 249; 261; 265; 301; 365; 366, fig. 364; 367–68; 371; 405; 408; 414; 416; 417, fig. 420; 419; 422–23; 498, n. 24; 504, n. 31, as Bathers by a Stream, 1916.
Jean Guichard-Meili, Matisse (Éditions Aimery Somogy, 1986), pp. 37, 129, 131 (ill.), as Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–17.
John Hallmark Neff, “Henri Matisse: Notes on His Early Prints,” in Matisse Prints from The Museum of Modern Art, exh. cat., ed. David Moorman (Fort Worth Art Museum/Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1986), p. 24, n. 16, as Bathers by a River.
Marcelin Pleynet, Les états-unis de la peinture (Fiction et Cie, 1986), p. 84, as les Demoiselles au bord de la rivière.
Jacqueline Guillaud and Maurice Guillaud, Matisse: Le rythme et la ligne (Guillaud, 1987), pp. 71, no. 77; 91, fig. 77, as Les demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–17.
Bernard Noël, Matisse, rev. ed. (Hazan, 1987), p. 45, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
David Sylvester, “The Ugly Duckling,” in Michael Auping, Abstract Expressionism: The Critical Developments, exh. cat. (Albright-Knox Art Gallery/Harry N. Abrams, 1987), p. 138, as Bathers by a River, completed in 1917.
Jack Flam, ed., Matisse: A Retrospective (Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1988), p. 184, pl. 55, as Bathers by a Stream, 1916.
Robert Saltonstall Mattison, “Grace Hartigan,” in Paul Schimmel and Judith E. Stein, The Figurative Fifties: New York Figurative Expressionism (Newport Harbor Art Museum/Rizzoli, 1988), p. 92, as Bathers by a River.
James N. Wood and Katharine C. Lee, Master Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago/New York Graphic Society Books, Little, Brown, and Company, 1988), pp. 10, 124 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, c. 1916–17.
Jonathan Block and Gisele Atterberry, Design Essentials: A Handbook (Prentice Hall, 1989), pp. 69; 70, fig. 80, as Bathers by a River, 1916–1917.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, Anne Baldassari, and Claude Laugier, Matisse: Œuvres de Henri Matisse (Éditions du Centre Pompidou, 1989), pp. 9; 330, fig. a, as Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
John Russell, “Critic’s Notebook: A Matisse Misfit Is Placed,” New York Times, Jan. 18, 1989, p. C20 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, finished in 1916.
Art Institute of Chicago, front and back matter, Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 16, no. 1, Aspects of Modern Art at the Art Institute: The Artist, the Patron, the Public (1990), front cover (detail), p. [3] (detail), back cover (ill.), as Bathers by a River.
Catherine C. Bock, “Henri Matisse’s Bathers by a River,” Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies16, 1, Aspects of Modern Art at the Art Institute: The Artist, the Patron, the Public (1990), pp. 44, fig. 1; 45–47; 49–55; 92; 93, n. 40, as Bathers by a River, 1910–16.
Rachel A. Dressler, foreword, in “Aspects of Modern Art at the Art Institute: The Artist, the Patron, the Public,” special issue, Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 16, no. 1 (1990), p. 4, as Bathers by a River.
Albert Kostenevich, “ Matisse and Shchukin: A Collector’s Choice,” in “Aspects of Modern Art at the Art Institute: The Artist, the Patron, the Public,” special issue, Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 16, no. 1 (1990), pp. 27, 28, 39–40, as Bathers by a River.
Rosamond Bernier, Matisse, Picasso, Miró: As I Knew Them (Alfred A. Knopf, 1991), p. 86 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Gilles Néret, Matisse (Nouvelles Éditions Françaises, 1991), pp. 80, fig. 126; 86; 269, as Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
John Elderfield, Henri Matisse: A Retrospective, exh. cat. (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1992), frontispiece (detail); pp. [4]; 42;65, fig. 38; 67–69; 77, nn. 278, 279; 181; 182; 236 (detail); 237; 238–39 (details, ill.); 240; 267, pl. 193; 294, as Bathers by a River, 1909–16 and Bathers by a River, Femmes à la rivière [Baigneuses; Jeunes filles au bain], Issy-les-Moulineaux, spring 1909 to 1910; spring–early autumn 1913; spring–autumn 1916.
Rémi Labrusse and Georges Duthuit, “Les Tableaux qui nous entourent ce soir . . .,” in Rémi Labrusse, George Duthuit: Écrits sur Matisse (École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, 1992), pp. 47; 48–49 (ill.); 50; 55–60; 303, n. 2; 326, as Les Demoiselles au ruisseau, 1916, Les Demoiselles à la Rivière, 1909–1916, and Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
Sarah Wilson, Matisse (Rizzoli International Publications, 1992), pp. 18; 29; [78–79], fig. 87; 127, no. 87, as Bathers by a Stream, 1916.
Carol Vogel, “The Making of a Matisse Show: In Itself a Show of Tact and Muscle,” New York Times, Sept. 17, 1992, p. C21 (ill.), as Bathers by a River.
Anri Matiss, 1869–1954: Zhivopis’, risunok, dekupazhi [Henri Matisse, 1869–1954: Painting, drawing, decoupage], exh. cat. (Izd-vo “Galart,” 1993), p. 216, as Kupal’shchitsy u reki [Bathers by the River], 1910, 1913, and 1916.
Dokuho suru iro to katachi [Color and Form: 20th Century I], Meiga e no tabi [Journey into the Masterpieces] 22 (Kodansha, 1993), pp. 56, pl. 2-50; 145, no. 2-50, as Kawabe no musume-tachi [Girls of the riverside]/The Girls at the River, 1916.
Yve-Alain Bois, “L’aveuglement,” in Dominique Fourcade and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, Henri Matisse 1904–1917, with the collaboration of Claude Laugier and Éric de Chassey, exh. cat. (Éditions du Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993), pp. 50, 57 (detail), as Femmes à la rivière, achevé en 1916.
Jack Flam, “Henri Matisse: Le Bonheur de vivre (The Joy of Life),” in Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, exh. cat. (Alfred A. Knopf/Lincoln University Press, 1993), p. 307, n. 18, as Bathers by a River, 1913–1916.
Jack Flam, “Henri Matisse: The Dance (Merion Dance Mural) (La Danse),” in Richard J. Wattenmaker and Ann Distel, Great French Paintings from the Barns Foundation: Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Early Modern (Alfred A. Knopf/Lincoln University Press, 1993), pp. 284; 286, fig. 10, as Bathers by a River, c. 1916–17.
Jack Flam, “Henri Matisse: The Music Lesson (La leçon de musique),” in Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, exh. cat. (Alfred A. Knopf/Lincoln University Press, 1993), p. 310, as Bathers by a Stream.
Jack Flam, “Histoire et métamorphoses d’un projet,” trans. Jeanne Bouniort, in Suzanne Pagé et al., Autour d’un chef-d’oeuvre de Matisse: Les trois versions de La Danse Barnes (1930–1933), exh. cat. (Réunion des musées nationaux, 1993), pp. 50, fig. 25; 52; 89, as Femmes à la rivière, 1909, 1913, et 1916.
Jack Flam, Matisse: The Dance (National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 1993), pp. 40; 41, fig. 31, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
Dominique Fourcade and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, “Exposer Matisse,” in Henri Matisse, 1904–1917, exh. cat., ed. Dominique Fourcade and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine (Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993), p. 58, as Femmes à la rivière, 1916.
Xavier Girard, Matisse: La danse, Cahiers Henri Matisse 10 (La Malmaison/Musée Matisse, 1993), p. 54 (ill.), as Les Demoiselles à la rivière and Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
Xavier Girard, Matisse: “Une splendeur inouïe,” Découvertes Gallimard (Gallimard, 1993), pp. 80–81 (details), 82–83 (ill.), 88, 169, as Les Demoiselles à la rivière (Baigneuses, jeunes filles au bain), achevé qu’à l’automne 1916 and 1909–16. Translated by I. Mark Paris as Matisse: The Wonder of Color, Discoveries (Harry N. Abrams, 1994), pp. 80–81 (details), 82–83 (ill.), 88, 169, as Bathers by a River, 1909–16.
Colette Giraudon, Paul Guillaume et les peintres du XXe siècle: De l’art nègre à l’avant-garde (La Bibliothèque des Arts, 1993), pp. 99 (detail), 106 (ill.), 108, 133, as Les demoiselles à la rivière, 1909–1910, repris en 1913 et 1916.
Brad Gooch, City Poet: The Life and Times of Frank O’Hara (Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), p. 213, as Bathers by a River.
Hayden Herrera, Matisse: A Portrait (Harcourt Brace and Co., 1993), pp. 90, 111 (detail), as Bathers by a Stream, 1916 and Bathers by a River.
Albert Kostenevich, “Matisse in Russian Collections,” in Albert Kostenevich and Natalia Semyonova, Collecting Matisse, trans. Andrew Bromfield (Flammarion, 1993), pp. 106, 107 (ill.), as Les Demoiselles à la rivière (Bathers by a River), 1910–1916.
Karen Mayers, “Henri Matisse,” in In the Sculptor’s Landscape: Celebrating Twenty-Five Years of the Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden, exh. cat., ed. Cynthia Burlingham and Elizabeth Shepherd (Wight Art Gallery/Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts, University of California, Los Angeles, 1993), pp. 79; 81, fig. 70; 83, n. 7, as Bathers by a River, c. 1916–17.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine and Claude Laugier, “Éléments de chronologie (1904–1918),” in Dominique Fourcade and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, Henri Matisse 1904–1917, with the collaboration of Claude Laugier and Éric de Chassey, exh. cat. (Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993), pp. 61 (detail), 89, 105 (ill.), 108 (details), 118 (ill.), 120, as Femmes à la rivière, 1916 and Baigneuses [Femmes à la rivière].
Dominique Szymusiak, “La sculpture de Matisse: De la tradition à l’invention formelle,” in Musée Matisse, Matisse, sculptures–dessins, dialogue, exh. cat. (Musée Matisse, 1993), p. 19, as Baigneuse à la rivière [sic], achevée aussi pendant l’été 1916.
Karen Wilkin, “After the Retrospective: Matisse and Picasso,” Hudson Review 46, no. 1 (Spring 1993), pp. 195, 199, 200, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, 1916.
Susanne Ließegang, Henri Matisse: Gegenstand und Bildrealität, Dargestellt an Beispielen der Malerei zwischen 1908 und 1918 (Josef Eul, 1994), pp. 55–57; 171, fig. 12, as Les demoiselles à la rivière and Les Demoiselles á [sic] la riviére [sic], 1916.
Frank Milner, Henri Matisse (Bison Books, 1994), pp. 83, 84–5 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
Yve-Alain Bois, trans. Greg Sims, “On Matisse: The Blinding: For Leo Steinberg,” October 68 (Spring 1994), p. 113, as Bathers by a River, finished 1916.
David Carrier, “‘You, too, are in Arcadia”: The Place of the Spectator in Matisse’s Shchukin Triptych,” Word and Image 10, no. 2 (Apr.–June 1994), pp. 119; 120, fig. 1; 121–125; 128, n. 50; 129–132; 134–137, as Bathers by the Stream, 1910–1917.
Guy-Patrice Dauberville and Michel Dauberville, Matisse: Henri Matisse chez Bernheim-Jeune (Éditions Bernheim-Jeune, 1995), vol. 1, pp. 568, cat. 166; 569 (ill.), as Trois personnages debout; vol. 2, pp. 1434, cat. 166; 1463, photo no. 1517, as Trois personnages debout.
Jack Flam, ed., Matisse on Art, rev. ed. (University of California Press, 1995), pp. 55; 61 (?); 71; fig. 36; 205; 230; 268; 269; 270; 300, as Young Girls by the River, Bathers by a River, 1909–1916 and Bathers by a River, 1916.
Sidney Guberman, Frank Stella: An Illustrated Biography (Rizzoli, 1995), p. 109, as Bathers by a River.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, “A Black Light: Matisse (1914–1918),” in Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Caroline Turner and Roger Benjamin (Queensland Art Gallery/Art Exhibitions Australia Limited, 1995), pp. 90–91, fig. 6; 93; 95, n. 19, as Bathers by a river, 1909, 1913, 1916.
Lynne Seear and Roger Benjamin, “Chronology,” in Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Caroline Turner and Roger Benjamin (Queensland Art Gallery/Art Exhibitions Australia Limited, 1995), p. 164, fig. 8 (detail), as Bathers by a river, 1916.
Catherine C. Bock-Weiss, Henri Matisse: A Guide to Research, Artist Resource Manuals 1, ed. Wolfgang M. Freitag, Garland Reference Library of the Humanities 1424 (Garland Publishing, 1996), pp. 64, no. 165; 83, no. 215; 114, no. 311; 126, no. 346; 147, no. 404; 170, no. 479; 261, no. 770; 268–69, nos. 796–799; 358, no. 1144; 436, no. 1371; 442, no. 1395; 486; 679; 684, as Bathers by a River, Bathers by the River, Bathers by the Stream, Femmes à la rivière (Bathers by a River), and Bathers by the River (Femmes à la rivière), 1916.
David Carrier, High Art: Charles Baudelaire and the Origins of Modernist Painting (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996), pp. x, no. 13; 128; 129, fig. 13; 130–35; 141–42; 144, n. 40; 147, as Bathers by the Stream.
John Richardson, with Marilyn McCully, A Life of Picasso, vol. 2, 1907–1917 (Random House, 1996), pp. 168, 170, as Bathers by a River, 1913–16.
Francisco Calvo Serraller, “Robert Motherwell: Opus Nigrum,” in Dore Ashton et al., Motherwell, exh. cat. (Fundació Antoni Tàpies, 1996), pp. 64, 65 (ill.), as Les Demoiselles à la rivière, 1909–1916.
James N. Wood and Teri J. Edelstein, The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth-Century Painting and Sculpture (Art Institute of Chicago, 1996), pp. 9, 40 (ill.), 159, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
David Sylvester, “Finding the Matisse in Bacon,” Tate: The Art Magazine 10 (Winter 1996), pp. 43, 44 (ill.), 45, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Claude Duthuit et al., Matisse: “La révélation m’est venue de l’Orient,” exh. cat. (Artificio, 1997), p. 178 (ill.), as Ragazze al fiume, 1909–1916 and Ragazze al fiume, 1916.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, “Cézanne chez Matisse,” in Cézanne aujourd’hui: Actes du colloque organisé par le musée d’Orsay, 29 et 30 novembre 1995, ed. Françoise Cachin, Henri Loyrette, and Stéphane Guégan (Réunion des musées nationaux, 1997), pp. 107, fig. 42; 171–72, as Femmes à la rivière, 1916 and Femmes à la rivière, 1909–1916.
Susan A. Sternau, Henri Matisse (Todtri, 1997), pp. 58 (detail), 65, 66 (detail), 67 (ill.), 68, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
David Fraser Jenkins, “Baigneuses and Demoiselles: ‘Bathers’ in Cézanne, Picasso, and Matisse,” Apollo, n.s., 145, 421 (Mar. 1997), pp. 43; 44, n. 20, as Bathers by a river, 1909, 1913, 1916.
Art Magazine/Asahi Bijutsukan [Morning Sun Magazine], 10 [Western edition 10], 20 [Masters of the 20th Century: Matisse], Oct. 15, 1997, pl. 46; pp. 78; 90–91; 93, as [Bathing Women of the Riverside], 1916.
Yve-Alain Bois, Matisse and Picasso, exh. cat. (Kimbell Art Museum/Flammarion, 1998), pp. 29; 37; 41; 42, fig. 24; 245, n. 101; 246, n. 125, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
John Golding, Caro at the National Gallery: Sculpture from Painting, exh. cat. (National Gallery, 1998), pp. 25; 26, fig. 26, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
Ingrid Schaffner, The Essential Henri Matisse (Harry N. Abrams, 1998), p. 87 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1909–1916.
Albert Kostenevich, “Sergei Shchukin: An Unsurpassed Collector with a Sense for the Unique and the Epoch-Making,” in Henri Matisse: Four Great Collectors, exh. cat., ed. Kasper Monrad (Statens Museum for Kunst Copenhagen, 1999), p. 85, as Bathers by a River, 1913–16.
Albert Kosténévitch, “Chtchuoukine, Morosov et Matisse,” in Le Maroc de Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Éric Delpont (Institut du monde arabe/Éditions Gallimard, 1999), p. 216, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1913–1916.
Rémi Labrusse, Matisse: La condition de l’image, Art et artistes (Éditions Gallimard, 1999), pp. 141; 244; 245, fig. 81; 310; 328, as Femmes à la rivière, (Baigneuses), (Demoiselles à la rivière), (Jeunes Filles au bain), Issy-les-Moulineaux, printemps 1909–1910, printemps–automne 1913, printemps–automne 1916.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, “Le Paradoxe de l’odalisque,” in Le Maroc de Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Éric Delpont (Institut du monde arabe/Éditions Gallimard, 1999), p. 118, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
Pierre Schneider, “Figure et décoration,” in Le Maroc de Matisse, exh. cat., ed. Éric Delpont (Institut du monde arabe/Éditions Gallimard, 1999), pp. 158; 174–75, fig. 63; 178; 250, as Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916 and Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916–1917.
Art Institute of Chicago News and Events (May/June 1999), pp. 4 (detail), 16 (ill.), as Bathers by a River and The Bathers, 1906–1916.
Gisele Atterberry, with Jonathan Block, Design Essentials: A Handbook, 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 2000), p. 62, fig. 67, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
John H. Cauman, “Matisse and America, 1905–1933,” (Ph.D. diss., City University of New York, 2000), pp. 242, 449, as Bathers by a River.
Christopher Green, Art in France 1900–1940 (Yale University Press, 2000) pp. 73; 82; 84, fig. 84; 85; 89; 90; 102; 112; 237; 294, n. 1, as Bathers by a Stream, 1909–16.
Mary E. Kinnecome, “The Art of Grace Hartigan: Masquerade and Identity” (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000), pp. iii; 22–23; 181, fig. 1.7, as Bathers by a River, 1916–17.
David Sylvester, Looking Back at Francis Bacon (Thames & Hudson, 2000), pp. 56; 58, fig. 41; 144; 187; 268, no. 41, as Bathers by a River, 1909–16.
James N. Wood and Debra N. Mancoff, Treasures from the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 2000), pp. 227, 242 (ill.), as Bathers by a River,1909, 1913, and 1916.
John Klein, Matisse Portraits (Yale University Press, 2001), p. 175, as Bathers by a Stream.
Albert Kostenevich, “Still Life with ‘Dance’ (Nature morte avec ‘La Danse’),” in Masterpieces and Master Collectors: Impressionist and Early Modern Paintings from the Hermitage and Guggenheim Museums, exh. cat. (Guggenheim Museum/Guggenheim Hermitage, 2001), p. 173, as Bathers by the River, 1916.
Colin Wiggins, “R. B. Kitaj in Conversation with Colin Wiggins,” in Anthony Rudolf and Colin Wiggins, Kitaj in the Aura of Cézanne and Other Masters, exh. cat. (National Gallery, London, 2001), p. 46, as Bathers by a River.
Anne Baldessari, “Catalogue: 20,” in Elizabeth Cowling et al., Matisse Picasso, exh. cat. (Tate Publishing, 2002), pp. 199; 200; 354, n. 26, as Bathers by a River and Bathers by a Stream.
Anne Baldessari et al., “Chronology,” in Elizabeth Cowling et al., Matisse Picasso, exh. cat. (Tate Publishing, 2002), pp. 367 (detail), 374, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
John Elderfield, “Catalogue: 13” and “Catalogue: 26,” in Elizabeth Cowling et al., Matisse Picasso, exh. cat. (Tate Publishing, 2002), pp. 142–44; 256; 351, nn. 19, 28, 31, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
John Golding, introduction to Elizabeth Cowling et al., Matisse Picasso, exh. cat. (Tate Publishing, 2002), pp. 18; 21, fig. 12; 22, as Bathers by a River, 1909–16.
Laurence Millet, L’ABCdaire de Matisse (Flammarion, 2002), pp. 27 (ill.), 28, as Baigneuses à la rivière and Demoiselles à la rivière, 1916.
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, “Catalogue: 8,” in Elizabeth Cowling et al., Matisse Picasso, exh. cat. (Tate Publishing, 2002), pp. 96; 347, fig. 29 (detail), as Bathers by a River.
Margaret Werth, The Joy of Life: The Idyllic in French Art, circa 1900 (University of California Press, 2002), pp. xv, no. 108; 18; 222 (detail); 223; 233; 234, fig. 108; 235–238; 301, nn. 16–17, 19–21, as Femmes à la rivière (Bathers by a River) and Baigneuses à la rivière, 1916.
Colette Giraudon, “Matisse à la galerie Paul Guillaume,” in Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes, Matisse, la période niçoise, 1917–1929, exh. cat. (Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 2003), p. 15 (detail), as Les Demoiselles à la riviére.
Jack Flam, Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship (Westview Press, 2003), pp. 110; 111, fig. 6.9; 140–41; 257, no. 6.9, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Pierre Georgel, “Un regard sans a priori,” in Matisse Picasso 1920: 12 chefs-d’oeuvre du Musée de l’Orangerie, exh. cat. (Musée de Grenoble, 2003), pp. 10 (ill.), 14, 15 (detail), as Les Demoiselles à la riviére ou Baigneuses à la source, 1916–1917.
Chika Amano, “II-3: Processus et surface,” in Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), supplement: pp. 30; 32; 33, n. 21, as Femmes à la rivière, 1916.
Chika Amano, “II-3:Purosesu to hyōmen [Process and surface],” in Matisu-ten [Matisse Exhibition]/Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), pp. 145; 150; 151, n. 21, as Kawabe no yoku on’na-tachi [Bathing women at the riverside], 1916.
Chika Amano, “Catalogue: 76” and “Catalogue: 105,” in Matisu-ten [Matisse Exhibition]/Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), pp. 162, 208, as Kawabe no yoku on’na-tachi [Bathing women at the riverside].
Chika Amano, “Katei ni aru kaiga [Painting in process],”in Matisu-ten [Matisse Exhibition]/Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), pp. 16; 23, n. 63, as Kawabe no yoku on’na-tachi [Bathing women at the riverside], 1909 [produced between 1909–1916].
Chika Amano, “La peinture en procès,” in Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), supplement: pp. 8; 13, n. 63, as Femmes à la rivière, réalisée entre 1909 et 1916.
Diane E. Forsberg, “Coburn’s Self-Portrait without a Lens” and “Exhibition Catalog Checklist: Henri Matisse,” in Diane E. Forsberg and Debra Petke, A. L. Coburn’s Men of Mark: Pioneers of Modernism, exh. cat. (Mark Twain House and Museum, 2004), pp. 45, figs. 7, 9; 46, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916; and pp. 77 (detail); 78, n. 59, as Bathers by the Sea.
Diane E. Forsberg and Debra Petke, A. L. Coburn’s Men of Mark: Pioneers of Modernism, exh. cat. (Mark Twain House and Museum, 2004), pl. 2 (detail).
Masayuki Tanaka, “Catalogue: 36–39,” in Matisu-ten [Matisse Exhibition]/Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), p. 91, as Kawabe no yoku on’na-tachi [Bathing women at the riverside].
Masayuki Tanaka, “Matisu no chōkoku ni okeru ‘purosesu’: Senaka, aruiwa ‘chūdzuri’ no chōkoku [Process’ in the sculpture of Matisse: Backs, or sculpture in ‘suspense’]” in Matisu-ten [Matisse Exhibition]/Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat. eds. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), pp. 31, 33, as Kawabe no yoku on’na-tachi [Bathing women at the riverside].
Masayuki Tanaka, “Processus dans la sculpture de Matisse: Nus de dos ou “la sculpture en suspens,” in Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat., ed. Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), supplement: pp. 18, 19, as Femmes à la rivière.
Masayuki Tanaka, Chika Amano, and Département des Affaires Culturelles du Yomiuri Shimbun, eds., Matisu-ten [Matisse Exhibition]/Henri Matisse: Processus/Variation, exh. cat. (Musée national d’art occidental, 2004), pp. 37, fig. 6; 260, as Kawabe no yoku on’na-tachi [Bathing women at the riverside]/Femmes à la rivière, 1909/13/16.
Calvin Tomkins, “At the Museums: A Picasso Face-Lift,” New Yorker, May 24, 2004, p. 32, as Bathers by a River.
Paul Moorhouse, “‘The Forms of Things Unknown’: Anthony Caro’s Sculpture,” in Anthony Caro, exh. cat., ed. Paul Moorhouse (Tate, 2005), p. 84, as Bathers by a Stream, 1916–17.
Paul Moorhouse, Interpreting Caro (Tate, 2005), p. 39, as Bathers by a Stream, 1916–17.
Hilary Spurling, Matisse the Master: A Life of Henri Matisse: the Conquest of Color, 1909–1954 (Penguin Books, 2005), pp. ix, no. 135; xv, no. 19; 135 (detail); 138; 140; 142; 174; 184; 185–88; 194; 212; pl. 19; 285; 286; 292; 485, n. 127, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
“Calendar Highlights: Unknown Matisse,” Art Institute of Chicago News and Events (Jan./Feb. 2005), p. 19, as Bathers by a = River.
Jack Flam, Matisse in Transition: Around Laurette (Norton Museum of Art, 2006), pp. 11, 25, as Bathers by a River, 1916, begun 1909.
Alison de Lima Greene, Isamu Noguchi: A Sculpture for Sculpture (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2006), pp. 45; 153, n. 13 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1909–16.
Jay McKean Fisher, “Drawing Is Sculpture Is Drawing,” in Dorothy Kosinski, Jay McKean Fisher, and Steven Nash, Matisse: Painter as Sculptor, exh. cat. (Dallas Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2007), p. 40, as Bathers by a River.
Jed Morse, “Catalogue: The Back,” in Dorothy Kosinski, Jay McKean Fisher, and Steven Nash, Matisse: Painter as Sculptor, exh. cat. (Dallas Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2007), p. 161, as Bathers by a River, 1909–1916.
Steven Nash, “The Other Matisse,” in Dorothy Kosinski, Jay McKean Fisher, and Steven Nash, Matisse: Painter as Sculptor, exh. cat. (Dallas Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2007), p. 9, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Anne D’Harnoncourt and Hans Ulrich Obrist, “Interview: Anne D’Harnoncourt,” in Hans Ulrich Obrist, A Brief History of Curating (JRP/Ringier and Les Presses du réel, 2008), p. 172, as Bathers by a River.
Ann Slavick, Hour Chicago: Twenty-Five Self-Guided 60-Minute Tours of Chicago’s Great Architecture and Art (Ivan R. Dee, 2008), pp. 166–67, as Bathers by a River, 1913, 1916.
Richard Lacayo, “Looking Around: A Talk With: John Elderfield,” Time, Jan. 14, 2008, http://entertainment.time.com/2008/01/14/a_talk_with_john_elderfield/(accessed Oct. 4, 2013), no fig. no. (ill.), Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, 1916.
Catherine Bock-Weiss, Henri Matisse: Modernist Against the Grain (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009), pp. ix, no. 3; xiii; 6; 67–74; 76–82; pl. 3; 103; 172; 182, n. 58; 188, nn. 1, 7, 16; 189, n. 22; 190, nn. 51, 52, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
Adrianne O. Bratis, chronology, in Cézanne and Beyond, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel and Katherine Sachs (Philadelphia Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 30 (detail), 31, as Bathers by a River.
William T. La Moy and Joseph P. McCaffrey, eds., The Journals of Grace Hartigan, 1951–1955(Syracuse University Press, 2009), pp. 39, 81, as Bathers by a River, 1916.
Tomàs Llorens, Matisse: 1917–1941, exh. cat.
(Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2009), pp. 23, 198, as Bañistas (Baigneuses) and Bathers (Baigneuses), 1916.
Sabine Rewald, with Magdalena Dabrowski, The American Matisse: The Dealer, His Artists, His Collection (Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2009), p. 116, fig. 56, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, 1916–17.
Hilary Spurling, Matisse: The Life (Penguin Books, 2009), pp. xi; 256; 258; 259; 280; 287–90; 292; 306; pl. 15; 372–3; 378, as Bathers by a River, 1909, 1913, and 1916.
Carol Vogel, “Inside Art: Unsolved Mysteries of Matisse the Austere,” New York Times, July 17, 2009, p. C20, as Bathers by a River, 1909 to 1916.
Stephanie D’Alessandro and John Elderfield, Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913–1917, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2010), front cover (detail.); pp. 7; 16; 21, fig. 4; 22–26; 27, figs. 6–9; 28, fig. 10; 29, fig. 11; 30; 31, nn. 12, 23, 41; 32–34; 36–37; 41; 43; 76; 78; 80; 87, n. 24; 88, cat. 5 (ill.); 89; 90–91, cats. 5f–n (ill., details); 91, n. 7; 97, n. 5; 99; 101, nn. 2, 3, 6; 104–05, cats. 10, 10a–b (ills.); 106–07, cats. 10g, 10i–10o (ill., details); 107, nn. 2, 4; 140–41; 144–45; 149, fig. 12; 151, nn. 19, 23; 152, cat. 16 (ill.); 153, cats. 16a–h (details); 154, cat. 16i (detail); 155; 156, 16m–p (ill., details); 157, n. 6; 159; 163, n. 6; 169; 173, n. 2; 174–75, cats. 21–21c (ill.); 176, cats. 21d, 21g–k (ill., details); 177, nn. 5–6; 178; 182–83; 185; 188–89; 220; 222; 228; 241; 243; 262–64; 268; 269, n. 35; 271; 273, n. 1; 275; 279; 281; 283; 285, n. 2; 287; 291; 299; 301; 303; 304, cat. 46 (ill.); 305, cat. 46a (ill.); 306–07, cat. 46b (ill.); 308–09, cat. 46c–s (ills.); 309, n. 9; 310; 318; 333; 346, cat. 54 (ill.); 347, cat. 54a (ill.); 348, cat. 54d–e (ill.); 349, nn. 3–4; 350–53; 355, nn. 7, 17; 368; back cover (ill.), as Bathers by a River, March–May 1909, fall 1909–spring 1910, May 1913, early November 1913, early spring–November 1916, January–October (?) 1917.
Paul Moorhouse, Anthony Caro: Presence (Lund Humphries, 2010), pp. 30, fig. 15; 104, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, and 1916–17.
John Elderfield, “Alfred H. Barr, Jr.’s ‘Matisse: His Art and His Public,’ 1951,” Burlington Magazine152, 1282 (Jan. 2010), p. 36, as Bathers by a river.
Jeffrey Weiss, “Previews: Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913–1917,” Artforum International 48 (Jan. 2010), p. 91, Bathers by a River, reworked between 1909 and 1917.
Hilarie M. Sheets, “Uncovering Matisse,” ArtNews 109, 3 (Mar. 2010), pp. 13 (detail), 84–85 (ill., detail), 86–87, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, returned to it in 1913, and completed it in 1916–17.
Jeffrey Weiss, “State of the Art,” Artforum International 48, no. 7 (Mar. 2010), pp. 204 (ills., detail), 205 (details), 206, 209 (ills.), 211, as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May– November 1913, and March 1916–October 1917.
Margaret Hawkins, “Matisse Exhibit Explores Key Chapter in Artist’s Life,” Chicago Sun-Times, Mar. 19, 2010, p. 11, Bathers by a River.
Lauren Viera, “The Metamorphosis of Matisse,” Chicago Tribune, Mar. 21, 2010, sec. 4: cover (ill.), p. 8, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, and 1916–17.
Lauren Viera, “From Russia, with Love,” Chicago Tribune, Mar. 21, 2010, sec. 4, p. 14 (ills.), as Bathers by a River.
Christopher Knight, “Art Review: ‘Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913–1917’ @ Art Institute of Chicago,” Los Angeles Times, Mar. 22, 2010, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/03/matisse-art-institute-of-chicago-1.html (accessed Oct. 4, 2013), no fig. no. (ill.), as Bathers by a River.
Josie Glausiusz, “Matisse’s Methods Revealed,” Nature 464 (Mar. 25, 2010), p. 493 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1909 to 1917.
Kenneth Baker, “Art Review: Henri Matisse Show in Chicago,” San Francisco Chronicle, Mar. 26, 2010, p. Q-16 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1909–17.
Manuel Jover, “Expositions États-Unis: Matisse ou L’invention permanente,” Connaissance des Arts 681 (Apr. 2010), p. 50 (ill.), Baigneuses à la rivière, 1909–10, 1913, 1916–1917.
Richard Lacayo, “Exhibitions: Great Leap Forward,” Time, Apr. 12, 2010, pp. 70–71 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, 1909–1916.
Mary Tompkins Lewis, “The Artist at War with Excess,” Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2010, p. D7, as Bathers by a River.
Karen Wilken, “Matisse in Chicago,” New Criterion 28, no. 10 (June 2010), pp. 38–39, 41, as Bathers by a River, March 1909 through the spring of 1910, from May through November 1913, and from early spring 1916 through early fall 1917.
“Art, Summer Preview: Wet Paint,” New Yorker, June 14 and 21, 2010, p. 30 (ill.), as Bathers by a River.
Helen Stoilas, “What’s On, July–August 2010: Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913–17,” Art Newspaper 215 (July/Aug. 2010), p. 61, as Bathers by a River.
Sotirios A. Tsaftaris, Kristin H. Lister, Inge Fiedler, and Aggelos Katsaggelos, “Colorizing a Masterpiece,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine28, no. 3 (May 2011), cover (ill.); pp. 113, fig. 1; 114, fig. 2; 115, fig. 3 (detail); 116, fig. 4; 117, fig. 6; 118, figs. 7–8, as Bathers by a River, Issy-les-Moulineaux, March–May 1909, fall 1909–spring 1910, May–November 1913, early spring–November 1916, January–October (?) 1917.
“Gatefold,” in Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), pp. xiii–xiv (ill.), as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October(?) 1917.
Stephanie D’Alessandro, “Surface and Depth,” in Matisse: In Search of True Painting, exh. cat. ed. Dorthe Aagesen and Rebecca Rabinow (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York/Yale University Press, 2012), pp. 99, fig. 56; 100, as Bathers by a River, 1909–17.
Stephanie D’Alessandro, “Re-Visioning Arcadia: Henri Matisse’s Bathers by a River,” in Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), pp. 180, fig. 172; 181; 184; 185, figs. 177 (detail), 178; 187; 188, fig. 180 (detail); 189; 190, fig. 181; 191, fig. 182; 192; 193, n. 2, as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October(?) 1917.
Jack Flam, “Chapter 4: Paintings, 1948–1958: Elegies to the Spanish Republic,” in Robert Motherwell, Paintings and Sculpture: A Catalogue Raisonné, 1941–1991, vol. 1, ed. Jack Flam, Katy Rogers, and Tim Clifford (Yale University Press, 2012), pp. 75; 76, fig. 55, as Bathers by a River, 1913–17.
Joseph J. Rishel, ed., Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat. (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), slipcover (ill.), pp. [iv–v], as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, 1916–17.
Joseph J. Rishel, “Arcadia 1900,” in Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), pp. 52; 63; 120, n. 93, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, 1916–17.
Joseph J. Rishel, introduction and acknowledgments, in Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), pp. 1; 3; 5; 7; 12, nn. 9, 18, as Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, 1916–17.
Timothy Rub, foreword, in Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), p. viii, as Bathers by a River.
Naina Saligram, checklist of the exhibition, in Gauguin, Cezanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, exh. cat., ed. Joseph J. Rishel (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012), pp. 225 (ill.), 226, as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October(?) 1917.
Douglas Druick, “Material Perspectives: The Art Object, the Art Museum, and the History of Art,” in Histoire de l’art du XIXe siècle (1848–1914): Bilans et perspectives, XXIes Recontres de l’École du Louvre (École du Louvre, July 2012), pp. 277–78; 282, fig. 8, as Bathers by a River, March 1909–1910, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October (?) 1917.
Stephanie D’Alessandro, with contributions by Renée DeVoe Mertz, The Age of Picasso and Matisse: Modern Masters from the Art Institute of Chicago, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago/Kimbell Art Museum, 2013), pp. [4], 6 (ill.), 13, 47 (ill.), 72 (detail), 73, back cover (ill.), as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October (?) 1917.
Stephanie D’Alessandro, with contributions by Renée DeVoe Mertz, The Age of Picasso and Matisse: Modern Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2014), pp. [4], 11, 14 (ill.), 46 (ill.), 72 (detail), 73, as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October (?) 1917.
Paris, Galerie Paul Guillaume, Exposition des deux célèbres tableaux, Les Demoiselles à la Rivière et La Leçon de piano, par Henri Matisse, Oct. 1–14, 1926, no cat.
Probably New York, Valentine Gallery lobby, late 1930s–c. 1940, no cat.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Large Scale Modern Paintings, Apr. 1–May 4, 1947, no cat.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Henri Matisse: Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture, Apr. 3–May 10, 1948, cat. 43 (ill.), as Girls Bathing (Au Bord de la Rivière), 1917.
Paris, Galerie Charpentier, Autour de 1900, June 14–Oct. 5, 1950, cat. 120 (ill.), as Jeunes filles à la rivière, 1914.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Henri Matisse, Nov. 13, 1951–Jan. 13, 1952, cat. 47, as Bathers by a River (Women at a Spring), (1916, 1917; begun earlier); Cleveland Museum of Art, Feb. 5–Mar. 16, 1952; Art Institute of Chicago, Apr. 1–May 4, 1952; San Francisco Museum of Art, May 22–July 6, 1952.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Henri Matisse: A Retrospective, Sept. 24, 1992–Jan. 19, 1993, cat. 193 (ill.), as Bathers by a River, Femmes à la rivière [Baigneuses; Jeunes filles au bain], Issy-les-Moulineaux, spring 1909 to 1910; spring–early autumn 1913; spring–autumn 1916.
Art Institute of Chicago, Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913–1917, Mar. 20–June 20, 2010, cats. 5, 5f–n, 10, 10b, 10g, 10i–10o, 16, 16a–i, 16m–p, 21, 21a–21d, 21g–21k, 46, 46a–s, 54, 54a, 54d–e (ill.), as Bathers by a River, March–May 1909, fall 1909–spring 1910, May 1913, early November 1913, early spring–November 1916, January–October (?) 1917; New York, Museum of Modern Art, July 18–Oct. 11, 2010.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Gauguin, Cézanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia, June 20–Sept. 3, 2012, no cat. no. (ill.), as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October (?) 1917.
Fort Worth, Kimbell Art Museum, The Age of Picasso and Matisse: Modern Masters from the Art Institute of Chicago, Oct. 6, 2013–Feb. 16, 2014, no cat. no. (ill.), as Bathers by a River, March 1909–10, May–November 1913, and early spring 1916–October (?) 1917.
Sold by the artist to Paul Guillaume (1891–1934), Paris, Sept. 14, 1926 [D’Alessandro and Elderfield 2010, exh. cat.]; by descent to his wife, Mme. Paul Guillaume (a.k.a. Domenica, née Juliette Léonie Lacaze; remarried as Mme. Jean Walter, 1898–1977), Paris, 1934; sold to Henry Pearlman (1895–1974), New York, summer 1951 [letter from Rose Pearlman, Dec. 4, 1975; photocopy in curatorial file]; acquired through exchange by the Art Institute, Apr. 2, 1953.
Matisse: Radical Invention 1913—1917
Tips for Teachers and Parents: Body Language: How to Talk to Students About Nudity in Art
Apples, 1916
Woman on Rose Divan, 1921
Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926
Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair, 1888/90
The Drinkers, 1890
The Vase of Tulips, c. 1890
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The Beatles’ songs – complete A-Z list!
Act Naturally
Written by: Morrison-Russell
Recorded: 17 June 1965
Producer: George Martin
Engineer: Norman Smith
Released: 6 August 1965 (UK), 13 September 1965 (US)
Ringo Starr: vocals, drums, sticks
Paul McCartney: harmony vocals, bass
John Lennon: acoustic rhythm guitar
George Harrison: lead guitar
The last cover version recorded by The Beatles until the Get Back sessions in 1969, Act Naturally was sung by Ringo Starr and appeared in the second half of the Help! album.
The country and western song, written by Johnny Russell and Voni Morrison, was first released by Buck Owens in 1963. It topped the US Billboard country singles chart that year. It was recorded by The Beatles as a replacement for If You've Got Trouble.
I sang Act Naturally in Help! I found it on a Buck Owens record and I said, 'This is the one I am going to be doing,' and they said 'OK'. We were listening to all kinds of things.
In America the song was first released on 13 September 1965 as the b-side of the Yesterday single. On 20 June 1966 it appeared on the Yesterday... And Today album.
Although Act Naturally was never a part of The Beatles repertoire before they recorded it, they did perform it during an appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show, taped on 14 August 1965 and broadcast on 12 September.
The Beatles recorded Act Naturally on 17 June 1965. They recorded it in 13 takes – the first 12 were essentially rehearsals, with Starr's vocals making their first and only appearance on the final attempt.
The arrangement was simple, and varied only slightly from the original. McCartney sang backing vocals, and Harrison performed some suitable country and western lead guitar licks.
They're gonna put me in the movies
They're gonna make a big star out of me
We'll make a film about a man that's sad and lonely
And all I gotta do is act naturally
Well, I'll bet you I'm gonna be a big star
Might win an Oscar, you can never tell
The movie's gonna make me a big star
'Cause I can play the part so well
Well I hope you'll come and see me in the movies
Then I'll know that you will plainly see
The biggest fool that ever hit the big time
We'll make the scene about a man that's sad and lonely
And begging down upon his bended knee
I'll play the part and I won't need rehearsing
All I have to do is act naturally
Join the Fab Forum discussion on Act Naturally »
Jaelene Morrison-Morris Friday 4 December 2009
Can anyone tell me if “Act Naturally” is anywhere on the Beatles Rock Band or if it will be available to play on the game at a future date? Thank you, Jaelene (Daughter of co-owner of Act Naturally, Voni Morrison)
Vince Sunday 28 February 2010
Hello Jaelene,
The song is not currently in the game, but more songs are added every now and again. I’m sure it will pop up eventually.
Hope this helps 🙂
Jaelene Morrison-Morris Friday 19 March 2010
Thank you so much for the info. You are confirming what I am hearing. Again, thanks a million, Jaelene
McLerristarr Friday 19 March 2010
Your dad wrote the song? Awesome!
MeanMrs.Mustard Friday 16 July 2010
That is awesome.
tzveha Monday 10 August 2015
Jaelene: That’s awesome………Johnny Russell was your dad’s co-writer of “Act Naturally”, right? Did you know Johnny?
George Miranda de Souza Monday 31 July 2017
That’s awesomeness.
Tom Wotus Monday 25 October 2010
Actually, ol’ Ringo did quite well on this one–NOT so hot on ED SULLIVAN though as
ringo stated himself: “nervous and out of tune”. Here’s one where I like the STEREO version as well as the MONO. The only major difference is the reverb at the breaks before the refrain- still, pretty listeneable !
thoof2001 Saturday 20 October 2012
I have to say that this is an improvement on ol’ Buck’s version. The boys seemed to swing it a little more; really dig George’s country licks, too.
Fred Bloggs Thursday 29 November 2012
I find it an interesting commentary on the current state of affairs, vis-à-vis concepts of “intellectual property”, that Voni Morrison is identified as “co-owner”, not co-writer, of Act Naturally. Apparently, authorship is now considered irrelevant, with ownership being all-important… (Of course, the controlling factor is the supreme primacy of the almighty dollar in today’s world. :P)
Bill Monday 18 February 2013
And Buck & the Buckaroos paid back the compliment by imitating The Beatles at their Carnegie Hall concert in 1966, which Capitol recorded.
Kenny Miles Thursday 26 February 2015
Interesting Ringo sang on Ed Sullivan, but George never did 🙁
Gwendolyn Saturday 7 March 2015
I saw the Ed Sullivan show tape on YouTube. God he’s so adorable!
Lex Lewis Wednesday 6 May 2015
Ringo or Ed Sullivan? Lol.
Adrian Friday 3 July 2015
Actually, it was the A Side of the single as many references say!
MikeP Monday 7 January 2019
Actually, no. It was the b-side.
Your “many references” are incorrect.
Looks like Ringo and the Beatles do he song in the key of G major……….but Buck and his Buckaroos did it live, at least, in the key of A major………………….Guess Ring has a lower voice than Buck…………………….
Guitarmike Friday 8 January 2016
George tuned his low E string down to D for this song. Pretty obvious in the intro.
Dan L Thursday 2 June 2016
My eight-year-old son recently pronounced Act Naturally the Beatles’ greatest recording. Doubt he’ll find much company in this view – but I imagine Ringo will be chuffed!
Ted Friday 9 June 2017
At the time that this song was written, Johnny Russell and Voni Morrison were both relatively unknown songwriters. They had an agreement that they would each put both of their names on any song that they wrote to increase exposure for both of them. Johnny Russell explained that he wrote Act Naturally himself, but Voni’s name appears on the record because of that deal. In this context, it makes sense that she is listed as a “co-owner” of the song and not a “co-writer” of the song.
samuel jenesky Friday 24 May 2019
I remember Feb. 1972 coming back from VietNam and my Uncle Leo was singing this song in his dining room.
What good days they were and what a good man he was.
Listen to McCartney’s harmony on the 2 half of the song.. How would you like to have someone like singing and playing the bass for you?
I cant get enough.
BeatlesBible I one of the top 5 Beatle sites in existence.
Moptop69
By Beatlebug, 56 minutes ago
By 50yearslate, 1 hour ago
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2004 Inductee Karen Lepley
Few would argue that the greatest female athlete to ever wear the Bellevue red and white was Karen Lepley.
A three-sport athlete for the Lady Red, Irons excelled in volleyball, basketball, and track and field, earning a total of 10 varsity letters along the way.
In basketball, Irons helped the freshman team to a 10-0 record in 1982, leading the team in scoring, rebounds, and recoveries. She earned her first varsity letter the following year and was All-NOL honorable mention, leading the team in blocked shots.
In 1983, she helped guide the team to the NOL title, earning Most Valuable Player honors and All-NOL first team honors along the way. She led the team in scoring, rebounds, and blocked shots.
In 1984, Irons once again was chosen team MVP for the NOL runner-up Lady Red. She was All-NOL first team and All-Ohio second team.
In track and field, Irons was a member of the 1983 NOL championship team. She finished first in the 400-meter run at the regionals, finished fourth at the state in the same event, and was a member of the sixth place team at state in the 1,600 meter relay.
As a sophomore, Irons helped the team make it back-to-back NOL titles. She finished first in the 200-meter dash, 400-meter dash, and high jump at districts, and was fourth in the 400 at state, third in the high hurdles, and sixth as a member of the 1,600-meter relay team.
During her junior year, the team was again crowned NOL champs as Irons was named team MVP. She was NOL champ in the 400-meter dash, and was also a member of the State Championship relay team that same season.
In her senior season, Irons once again guided the team to the NOL title and took home team MVP honors once again. She was NOL champion in the 400-meter dash and high jump events, took first in the district high jump and the 3,200 meter relay, and finished seventh at state in the high jump. Along the way, she set four school records and three Bellevue Invitational records.
But it was the sport of volleyball where Irons truly excelled. She was a member of the junior varsity squad in 1981 before joining the varsity in 1982. She was All-NOL first team in helping Bellevue to the NOL championship. The following year, Irons was team MVP for the NOL champs, All-NOL first team, All-District Six first team, and All-Ohio first team.
In 1984, Irons guided the team to the NOL title and took home team MVP honors once again. She was All-NOL first team, All-District Six first team, All-Ohio first team, and guided the Lady Red to the state semi-finals.
Irons was named the Gazette Award Winner as the top female athlete in both 1984 and 1985.
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(0)20 7940 5900
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Africa selected
Cameroon independence protests result in deaths
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41461007
Image caption Police in riot gear patrolled the streets of Buea
Soldiers in Cameroon shot dead at least eight people during independence protests in the English-speaking parts of the country.
Rallies were held on the 56th anniversary of the incorporation of the regions into Cameroon.
The mayor of the town of Kumbo said that five of the dead were prisoners shot after a jail caught fire.
Activists had called for the release of prisoners who had been arrested in a series of protests over the last year.
The divisions in the central African state date back to the post-colonial settlement.
Cameroon was colonised by Germany and then split into British and French areas after World War One.
The country was unified in 1961 - but English-speakers accuse the Francophone majority of discrimination.
The mayor of Kumbo, Donatus Njong Fonyuy, told the BBC the flag of a secessionist movement had been put up in symbolic places in the town.
There were several other demonstrations in other parts of English-speaking Cameroon.
Image caption This protester was photographed in Bamenda on 22 September
Demonstrators made a symbolic proclamation of independence as part of their protest, AFP news agency reported.
Counter-demonstrations in support of the government and a unified Cameroon also took place in the city of Douala.
Earlier in the week, Cameroon banned public meetings and travel in the English-speaking regions.
Protests from the English-speaking minority began late last year over concerns they were often excluded from top civil service jobs, and that the French language and legal system have been imposed on them.
What started as a movement for greater rights has turned into a demand for independence.
Cameroon: Video emerges of detainees in squalid cell
Why has Cameroon blocked the internet?
Cameroon bans 'opposition' English-language TV channel
Bamenda protests: Mass arrests in Cameroon
Cameroon country profile
Fourteen hurt after two-car collision
Some of those involved in the crash in Stevenage are being treated for serious injuries, police say.
Boeing takes $5bn hit to cover 737 Max crisis
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Milo Yiannopoulos' book deal is publishing business as usual
Updated: Jan 04, 2017 04:55 PM EST
Less than 24 hours after Milo Yiannopoulos’ upcoming book was announced, pre-orders for the controversial young conservative’s “Dangerous” propelled it to the top of Amazon’s bestseller list, knocking the recently deceased Carrie Fisher’s “Princess Diarist” down to No. 2.
“I think he has a much wider fan base than people realize,” said Tom Flannery, Yiannopoulos’ literary agent at AGI Vigliano. Reached by phone in Malibu, Flannery declined to confirm the deal’s dollar amount, but the Hollywood Reporter, which broke the news, reported that Yiannopoulos received $250,000 for the book
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What is it that gives mānuka floral nectar its unique composition?
Alun Salt
The secret of mānuka honey, is mānuka nectar, but what is the secret of mānuka nectar?
Not all honey is equal. New research by Clearwater and colleagues has been looking how mānuka nectar, an essential ingredient of mānuka honey, is affected by various factors such as temperature, drought and even the genes of mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium, Myrtaceae) plants.
Understanding the composition of the nectar is important because of how bees make honey. They take nectar from flowers and store in their crop, specialised foregut. Here, it’s partially digested. When a bees arrives back in the hive, she passes on the nectar by regurgitating it, and the next bee passes it along and so on, until the fluid is eventually stored in a honeycomb. It’s then fanned to evaporate the excess water from it to become honey. The qualities of the honey therefore depend on the qualities of the nectar. For example, eating a lot of rhododendron honey is a Very Bad Idea.
In contrast, there is a lot of demand for mānuka honey. New Zealand produces 1700 tons of mānuka honey a year, of which 1800 tons is consumed by the UK alone. The driver for this fraud is the possible health benefits of mānuka honey. While the science is not conclusive, there are reasons to think that mānuka honey could have health benefits as an antibiotic treatment.
The non-peroxide antibacterial activity of mānuka honey originates from dihydroxyacetone, a saccharide, present in the floral nectar. When the nectar becomes honey the dihydroxyacetone becomes methylglyoxal – and this is the antibacterial agent. The causes of variation in nectar composition and the origin of the dihydroxyacetone are unknown. Clearwater and colleagues examined how the nectar yield and composition of mānuka varied with temperature, among genotypes, and as flowers develop because of differential secretion and reabsorption of the various nectar components.
Different varieties of mānuka have different genes, so the scientists started by selecting six mānuka genotypes. They planted the plants and grew them without nectar-feeding insects. They measured how the flowers developed and the composition of the nectar in the flowers at various stages of development. They also stressed some of the plants by restricting water and compared them with their better-watered neighbours to see how this affected the nectar.
Stages of mānuka flower development in plan (above) and half flower view (below), for the MI genotype, from flower opening until sepal fall. Source: Clearwater et al. 2018.
What they found was that there was nectar almost as soon as the flowers opened until the petals started falling off the flowers. There wasn’t always the same amount of sugars in the nectar though – which suggests that some of the plants reabsorbed some of their nectar when no insects came for it. They also found that the ratio of sugars to dihydroxyacetone varied according to the genotype of the mānuka plant, so it would seem that not all plants are as good for the honey. They also found that the stage of flower development was important too, meaning that for the best yields you’d want to catch the right plants at the right time. It’s not surprise there are problems with cowboy apiarists roaming New Zealand.
As for the magic ingredient, Clearwater and his team found the amount of dihydroxyacetone per flower only weakly correlated with the amount of other sugars. The authors think this means that the dihydroxyacetone probably has a different source in the flower to the other sugars.
For now mānuka isn’t giving up all its secrets.
Clearwater, M. J., Revell, M., Noe, S., & Manley-Harris, M. (2018). Influence of genotype, floral stage, and water stress on floral nectar yield and composition of mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium). Annals of Botany, 121(3), 501–512. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx183
Cooper, R., & Jenkins, R. (2012). Are there feasible prospects for manuka honey as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 10(6), 623–625. https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.12.46
Liu, M., Lu, J., Müller, P., Turnbull, L., Burke, C. M., Schlothauer, R. C., … Harry, E. J. (2015). Antibiotic-specific differences in the response of Staphylococcus aureus to treatment with antimicrobials combined with manuka honey. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00779
dihydroxyacetone
floral stage
Leptospermum scoparium
mānuka
water stress
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Alun is the Producer for Botany One. It's his job to keep the server running. He's not a botanist, but started running into them on a regular basis while working on writing modules for an Interdisciplinary Science course and, later, helping teach mathematics to Biologists. His degrees are in archaeology and ancient history.
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International sportscar racing back at Brands Hatch for the first time since 1996
This weekend the British track of Brands Hatch hosts the second round of the 2014 Blancpain Sprint Series. It is the first time since 1996 that a top-notch international sportscar series will visit the Kent venue. For the occasion, the 3.915 km Grand Prix circuit will be used. For the British round of the Blancpain Sprint Series, the grid of impressive GT machinery will be extended, with now 22 cars and no less than seven manufacturers represented.
Just like the French track of Nogaro, host of the inaugural round of the new Blancpain Sprint Series, the Grand Prix circuit at Brands Hatch is considered to be a mid-downforce, lower speed circuit. One might expect the same teams and drivers at the narrow end of the field, but the differences in France were so small that the races in Kent may well have a totally different outcome.
In particular, the Belgian Audi Club Team WRT pairing of Cesar Ramos and Laurens Vanthoor will be determined to completely erase the bad memories of Nogaro. The winners of the Qualifying Race were involved in an incident during the formation lap of the Main Race, and were never able to defend their chances. The HTP Motorsport duo of Maximilian Götz and Maximilian Buhk took full advantage of the confusion at the start to quickly open up a gap and they were never threatened on their way to the first win of the season.
Expect those teams and drivers to be at the front in Brands Hatch again, but also pay attention to the drivers who were not present at the opening round. FIA GT Series race winner Stefan Rosina joins forces with Tomas Enge in the Reiter Engineering Lamborghini, while the Porsche 997 GT3R of Farnbacher Racing could well be among the contenders for a podium finish as well. The first Porsche of the 2014 series will be shared by Swiss GT-specialist Philipp Frommenwiler and crowd favourite Nick Tandy.
In the Silver Cup, all eyes will be on Vincent Abril and Mateusz Lisowski. The French-Polish drivers created a surprise in Nogaro by not only winning their Silver Cup category – reserved for Silver drivers of 25 and younger – but also by finishing third overall. It immediately made them firm favourites for the inaugural Silver Cup title. However, rest assured that the competition in the category will take the fight to the Belgian Audi Club Team WRT duo.
In the Pro-Am Trophy, the Blancpain Racing Lamborghini driven by Peter Kox and Blancpain President & CEO Marc A. Hayek will now have competition from the Austrian duo of Sascha Halek and Stefan Landmann at the wheel of the Grasser Racing Lamborghini Gallardo FL II. Marc Basseng and Italo-Briton Alessandro Latif, driving the Phoenix Racing Audi, are now racing in the Pro-Am Trophy as well.
There is one driver for whom Brands Hatch is a very special venue. It is at this track that in September 2012 Alex Zanardi took two Gold Medals at the London Paralympics, winning both the road race and the time trial in the H4 handbike competition. The Italian, who was heading for a points finish in Nogaro until a clutch problem on his ROAL Motorsport BMW dropped him to 13th, will certainly want to do well on the track that has brought him so much joy in the past.
Laurens Vanthoor (Belgian Audi Club Team WRT): “There is no use on lingering on what happened in Nogaro. We had a perfect weekend there, from free practice to the qualifying race, and what happened afterwards was not our fault. It can only motivate us to do well again in Brands Hatch. I don’t know the circuit that well – I have only driven on the Indy circuit with an F3 car – but based on my simulator sessions I gather this track should suit our Audi well. The Brands Hatch Grand Prix circuit has a challenging layout and a driver willing to push the limits will surely make the difference here.”
Sérgio Jimenez (BMW Sports Trophy Team Brasil): “Brands Hatch is a new track for everyone. We hope that the circuit will suit us well, because it’s a track with a high average speed, which is a good thing for the BMW Z4 GT3. Everything indicates that we will have a more competitive race than in France. We will not have much time to set up the car, however. The weekend will be short, with free practice and the qualifying on Saturday and the two races on Sunday. So it is important to start well and I believe we can do so. Our intention is to have another podium finish, and by doing so hold our position among the frontrunners in the standings.”
Over 275 years of tradition in motion:
Founded in 1735 by Jehan-Jacques Blancpain, the watch brand bearing his name is the oldest in the world. Blancpain is currently engaged to the renewal of mechanical watchmaking and to passing on exceptional expertise from one generation to the next through constant investment in human resources, production facilities and research. This approach is its strength and the expression of our long-term vision, even though it goes against the tide of a certain tendency to seek immediate profit. From the creation of components through to watch design, Blancpain is distinguished by its ability to develop exceptional movements. Over the past nine years, the Manufacture has indeed developed no less than 32 new calibres.
Brands Hatch tickets on sale
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Four hours to go: anything is still possible...
With four hours to go in the 2016 Total 24 Hours of Spa it is impossible to predict who will take the coveted trophy home. Four cars of four different brands are in the top-four, with the first two still on the lead lap.
With four hours to go, that's 60 minutes more than a regular round of the Blancpain GT Series, it's all to play for in the 69th edition of the Belgian endurance classic. The #99 Rowe Racing BMW had taken the lead when the #8 Bentley Team M-Sport Continental served its (fourth!) drive-through penalty, but when it started to drizzle at around 11 o'clock on Sunday morning, Bentley Boy Andy Soucek swiftly closed the gap towards leader Maxime Martin. The Spaniard was almost under the rear wing of the BMW when he had to pit. Once Martin did the same, passing the wheel to Alexander Sims, the Bentley retook the lead.
But that was only a prologue to the drama that happened just before Sunday noon. The third placed car, the #6 Audi Sport Team Phoenix R8 in the hands of Christopher Mies, caught fire when exiting the Pouhon corner. The car had a puncture and apparently the flailing rubber caused the fire. It is the first time in Mies' five Total 24 Hours of Spa-participations that he will not finish on the podium.
That meant that the #28 Audi Sport Team WRT R8 moved up the order, now occupying a virtual podium position. It passed the leading Mercedes-AMG, the #88 AMG-Team AKKA ASP car just before the twenty-hour mark.
In front, the leaders made use of the Full Course Yellow-period caused by the Mies' fire to pit and switch to rain tyres, since the clouds had opened up even more over the Spa circuit. At Rowe Racing they decided to change the brake pads on the #99 car as well. With rain expected to stop around 14.30, this fight for the win might hold some surprises.
In Pro-Am the #76 IMSA Performance Porsche has managed to take a lap on its nearest competitors, the #74 ISR Audi and the #666 Barwell Motorsport Lamborghini. The Pro-Am championship leader Michal Broniszewski saw his ambitions to clinch the title in Spa go up in smoke when his Ferrari was hit from behind at La Source corner.
In Am Cup the leader has a rather comfortable margin, with the #51 AF Corse Ferrari now enjoying a two-lap lead over the #888 Kessel Racing Ferrari, with the #333 Rinaldi Racing Ferrari a further six laps down.
The leading Bentley also leads the fight for the Intercontinental GT Challenge points, from the #28 Audi Sport Team WRT R8 and the #88 AMG-Team AKKA ASP Mercedes-AMG. First of the Am cars is the #76 IMSA Performance Porsche.
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Home / Models / BMW M5 / BMW F90 M5 Crash Course: Everything you need to…
BMW F90 M5 Crash Course: Everything you need to know
BMW M5 | March 29th, 2017 by Nico DeMattia 2
Yesterday, we saw some spy photos of the upcoming BMW F90 M5, one of the most exciting cars coming down BMW’s pipeline. The next-gen M5 …
Yesterday, we saw some spy photos of the upcoming BMW F90 M5, one of the most exciting cars coming down BMW’s pipeline. The next-gen M5 will be one of the most interesting and exciting cars to come from BMW in some time, as it will make big changes for the M Division. There’s a lot happening and a lot changing for this M5 so let’s take a look at everything you need to know for the upcoming BMW M5.
First All-Wheel Drive M Car Ever
Okay, so technically, the BMW X5 M and X6 M were the first all-wheel drive BMW M cars ever. However, those are SUVs and this will be the first actual M car to power all four wheels. The reason behind this is that the upcoming M5 will likely be pushing over 600 hp and who knows how much torque. So BMW needs to give it all-wheel drive or it will just roast its rear tires to bits. Plus, with Audi having its RS6 and Mercedes-AMG switching its E63 to all-wheel drive, it only makes sense for BMW to do the same, or its going to lose out to its competitors in areas where winter climates can make rear-wheel drive performance cars tricky.
This Will Be the Fastest M Car Ever
When BMW first announced the specs and performance numbers for the upcoming BMW M550i, our jaws dropped. With only 456 hp and 480 lb-ft of torque, the M550i is faster than the previous-generation M5. And it’s not even a proper M car. Why is it faster? Simple — all-wheel drive. With xDrive all-wheel drive, the M550i is capable of 0-60 mph in 3.9 seconds. That’s stupid fast for a non-M car. So the BMW F90 M5, with more than 600 hp, and who knows how much torque, and all-wheel drive should be able to do it in the low three-second range. Watch out because the next M5 will be a land-missile.
Manual Is Out, Automatic Is In
For the first time ever, a BMW M5 will be launched without the option of a manual transmission. The reason is simple — no one buys manuals anymore. BMW actually pulled the manual transmission option from the previous-gen M5, as no one was buying it. So, for this next-gen M5, BMW isn’t even bothering to offer a manual. This shouldn’t sadden enthusiasts, though, as such a powerful and techy all-wheel drive performance sedan is probably better off with an automatic. And when we say automatic, we don’t mean BMW M’s famous dual-clutch transmission. Nope, instead the next-gen M5 is getting the ubiquitous ZF-sourced eight-speed automatic. It’s the only transmission BMW has that can handle the torque and work with all-wheel drive.
Expect to See It Soon
We’re hearing that the BMW F90 M5 will be making its debut at the Frankfurt Motor Show this coming September. While that is still a little over five months away, that’s really not that far off in the grand scheme of things. Plus, it makes sense for BMW to debut one of its most iconic nameplates in its home country and one of the biggest auto shows in the world. So as soon as the dust settles from the excitement of the BMW M550i, the new M5 will be here to shake things up again.
[Source: Autoguide]
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Narrator Rating (2)
Written By: John Lahr
Narrated By: Elizabeth Ashley
Duration: 26 hours 37 minutes
John Lahr has produced a theater biography like no other. Tennessee Williams: Mad Pilgrimage of the Flesh gives intimate access to the mind of one of the most brilliant dramatists of his century, whose plays reshaped the American theater and the nation’s sense of itself. This astute, deeply researched biography sheds light on Tennessee Williams’s warring family, his guilt, his creative triumphs and failures, his sexuality and numerous affairs, his misreported death, even the shenanigans surrounding his estate. With vivid cameos of the formative influences in Williams’s life—his fierce, belittling father Cornelius; his puritanical, domineering mother Edwina; his demented sister Rose, who was lobotomized at the age of thirty-three; his beloved grandfather, the Reverend Walter Dakin—Tennessee Williams: Mad Pilgrimage of the Flesh is as much a biography of the man who created A Streetcar Named Desire, The Glass Menagerie, and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof as it is a trenchant exploration of Williams’s plays and the tortured process of bringing them to stage and screen. The portrait of Williams himself is unforgettable: a virgin until he was twenty-six, he had serial homosexual affairs thereafter as well as long-time, bruising relationships with Pancho Gonzalez and Frank Merlo. With compassion and verve, Lahr explores how Williams’s relationships informed his work and how the resulting success brought turmoil to his personal life. Lahr captures not just Williams’s tempestuous public persona but also his backstage life, where his agent Audrey Wood and the director Elia Kazan play major roles, and Marlon Brando, Anna Magnani, Bette Davis, Maureen Stapleton, Diana Barrymore, and Tallulah Bankhead have scintillating walk-on parts. This is a biography of the highest order: an audiobook about the major American playwright of his time written by the major American drama critic of his time.
Biography & Memoir >
by John Lahr
This title is due for release on September 22, 2014.
This title is due for release on September 22, 2014
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Volkswagen R-Line range to expand in Australia
Matt Campbell
The sporty Volkswagen R-Line option pack will be available to order on more models in Australia in the coming months.
Volkswagen Australia has confirmed it will soon be selling an R-Line package for the Golf Wagon and a revised version of the Tiguan SUV, joining the current R-Line-equipped models that consists of the Touareg, Beetle and Golf hatch.
The R-Line packages vary between models, but the general idea is to make the car look and feel more sporty to drive, according to VW. Additions such as larger alloy wheels (usually 18- or 19-inches) lowered sports suspension, revised front and rear bumpers, R-Line badging and sportier interior finishes are the staple items of R-Line versions.
The R-Line models are generally reserved for the top-end model. In the Golf hatchback's case, it's the Highline, where the package adds $2200 to the price. The Beetle is only available in one standard specification, with an R-Line pack adding $2000. The Touareg is the odd one out, as it has a dedicated V8 TDI R-Line model, priced at $114,990.
Volkswagen Australia managing director, John White, told CarAdvice that the idea with R-Line is to give buyers who want to stand out from the crowd something a little more desirable, but not at the same sort of premium that the all-out performance models attract.
White said the idea with R-Line is that it will expand to all viable models.
“We’d like to,” White said of the idea of offering an R-Line package for all Volkswagen products. "Australians like tough looking cars, better performing cars. They like more creature comforts, more equipment."
Volkswagen Australia general manager of communications, Karl Gehling, told CarAdvice that there are further gaps to be filled in the R-Line portfolio, but that some models haven't yet seen the R-Line treatment, including the updated Polo being launched locally this week.
"We’re offering more broadly across the range to have a defined high-series R-Line range of models," Gehling said.
"Absolutely, we are considering it for each model variant that has [an R-Line version] available. But it’s not available for every variant, yet."
When asked whether the closeness of the R-Line name and the R performance models draws confusion from customers, Gehling admitted it could be tricky to differentiate for the uninitiated.
"I think there is some confusion because we often get people talking about, you know, what engine does it have," he said. "For a lot of customers, with the TSI engines we've got, a lot of people are very pleasantly surprised with the performance of the regular engines. The aim of having the fastest, or the highest output engine, is not necessarily the be-all and end-all.
"But the whole point of the R-Line models is to give people who want to give their car a more dynamic visual lift. It's not solely external design changes, it's also that they come with the lowered suspension, so there is a benefit from a handling perspective as well," he said.
2019 Volkswagen Touareg review: More luxurious than ever
2019 Small Car Comparison
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Every Pound Counts — Pack for a Purpose Helps Travelers Donate to Worthy Causes
By: Ray FitzGerald
In a Nutshell: Hundreds of millions of people take vacations every year without realizing the effects of poverty in the areas they visit. Schools in these destinations often lack basic supplies, like rulers and chalk, and area clinics will have no stethoscopes or antibiotic ointment. Rebecca Rothney’s Pack for a Purpose nonprofit has enabled travelers over the last eight years to donate nearly 250,000 pounds of supplies to community-based organizations in popular global destinations. The nonprofit’s website lists accommodations — from 5-star hotels to hostels— that partner with community projects to post a list of needs on the site. Visitors can choose items from the list to pack then donate them at the accommodation’s drop-off point for delivery to the intended recipient.
I’ve always loved old movies. While other kids watched cartoons, I followed the adventures of Bette Davis and Joan Crawford. I’m still fascinated by the flickering black-and-white glimpse into yesterday’s America.
Many of these films feature the stereotypical dinner party — where guests come in and give their coats and hats to someone at the door and carry a large container of food as a gift for the hostess.
Although so much has changed over the last 60 years in America, a few organizations are working to retain some of the traditions that were once commonplace in our society.
When was the last time you brought someone a gift for their hospitality? What if the gift was for someone you didn’t know and likely would never see?
Rebecca Rothney’s mother taught her from an early age to always bring a hostess gift to show gratitude for any invitations she accepted — from a dinner party to an overnight stay. When she and her husband took one of their several trips to Africa in 2002, those lessons led to a life-changing experience and became the inspiration for her nonprofit Pack for a Purpose.
On their second trip to Botswana in 2002, Rebecca and her husband had an opportunity to visit a school. From their first trip to Africa, they knew they had a much larger luggage allowance flying over the ocean than they could use going forward once they landed in Africa. They decided to use their large luggage allowance to take supplies for the school they would visit.
“There was no way I was going to waste 200 pounds of free shipping,” Rothney said.
Over the years, the Rothneys have visited Botswana six times, Zambia twice, and have taken trips to Tanzania and Kenya. Each time, they’ve brought along a hostess gift in the form of much-needed supplies for local clinics, schools, and orphanages. The idea appealed to more travelers soon after Rothney began Pack for a Purpose, a volunteer-run organization that’s led to more than 223,000 pounds of donated supplies in 8 years.
“The inspiration for the website was my following up on my mother’s belief that you never go anywhere without taking the host a gift,” Rothney said. “If you’re going for a meal, or to spend the night, you always want to be able to express gratitude for someone’s hospitality. Even if they’re richer than you, you still bring a gift because it has nothing to do with wealth and poverty and everything to do with gratitude.”
Drop Off Gifts at Designated Delivery Locations
Popular accommodations and tour companies in destinations around the world partner with Pack for a Purpose to help collect donated supplies for community-based service providers. Each accommodation — which can range from a 5-star hotel to a safari camp — works with area service providers to maintain a list of the items their organizations need.
Pack for a Purpose started with 29 locations in 10 countries and now lists more than 430 locations in over 60 countries. Travelers can drop off their donations at the destination, which will handle the delivery of all items.
“We’re committed to making sure travelers can express gratitude and graciousness by bringing the perfect hostess gift — not what you think they’d like, but what you know they need,” Rothney said. “You can bring a beautiful bouquet of flowers to a hostess only to find out they have allergies. We’ve eliminated that issue for you.”
Rothney said many of the requested items seem basic, but surprisingly aren’t available in rural areas — these include stethoscopes for clinics and chalk for schools.
The Rothneys once visited a school in Botswana, taking supplies that included many items the school did not have.
Rebecca Rothney is the Founder and a Chairperson at Pack for a Purpose.
“There wasn’t a ruler in the school,” she said. “I thought the principal was going to cry when she saw we brought metric rulers.”
The organizations curate their need lists and change them as required. Every four months, participants must report the weight of supplies they’ve received for transparency. Travelers can simply choose an item — or items — from the list, pack them in their suitcase, and drop them off at their destination.
“These things don’t have to be big or expensive,” Rothney said. “One 3-ounce tube of antibiotic cream costs less than $10 and will keep 30 children from getting an infection from a scrape.”
Rothney noted that many airlines have changed their carry-on luggage rules in recent years, making it harder to pack larger donations. But most people leave some empty room in their suitcases for eventual souvenir purchases. Even the smallest gift for your host area can fit in that space.
“If you can’t bring 5 pounds, then just bring 1 pound,” Rothney said. “Whatever you do is an expression of gratitude and will always be welcomed, appreciated, and acknowledged.”
Organizations Include Schools, Clinics, and Animal Shelters
Rothney was a teacher in Raleigh, North Carolina, until she was 40. Her classroom experience gave her plenty of empathy for schools with limited supplies.
Prior to her first donation to the school in Botswana, Rothney called on her friends and community to pitch in for the worthy cause.
“I used to have to beg for supplies for the children I taught because the budget allocation was absurd,” she said. “I knew that if I had to beg for supplies, the school we were going to visit must need supplies, too.
“I got a list of what the school needed and told all of my friends to give up just one coffee that week and use the money to buy something from the list,” she said. “We ended up sending 140 pounds of supplies to Botswana.”
Some supplies are available for purchase in the destination — and are notated as such on the list —which avoids packing the items and taking them through customs. Rothney found that many of those items are things Americans take for granted.
“Knowing how popular soccer is in Africa, we took several soccer balls with us for the school,” she said. “When we arrived, we saw a few children outside the school playing soccer with a ball of rags tied up in plastic.”
Over their several trips, the Rothneys also brought clothes for orphanages that housed children during the outbreak of AIDS in Africa. They also brought medical supplies for clinics in Kenya.
Make Your Trip Go Farther than the Miles You Travel
Travelers around the world use Pack for a Purpose to find the perfect hostess gift for the area they’re visiting. No matter the size or price of the gift, anything listed on the provider’s needs list will change lives.
For Rothney, the organization has been a labor of love and proof that people can accomplish anything with the proper help.
“Nine years ago, I made my husband type my emails because I hate computers,” she said. “He just laughed at me when I declared I was going to start a global nonprofit on the internet. Thankfully, I knew people who had the skills I didn’t have and who loved my homemade mint chocolate chip cookies.”
Whether it be cookies, rulers, or antibiotic cream, Pack for a Purpose has proven that a little gift can go a long way.
“No matter what you’re doing, gratitude always enhances everything,” Rothney said. “This could be your vacation, your honeymoon, or your business trip — but, if you just do this one thing and then go about the rest of your trip as you please, it’ll be that much better.”
Ray FitzGerald
Ray Fitzgerald has more than a decade of journalism experience, writing for national media outlets, including the Miami Herald and Investment Times. Ray is passionate about traditional and alternative investment strategies, but most enjoys sharing creative ways to budget and save money. Ray has personally written about hundreds of credit card offers from banks and credit unions across America and enjoys helping people find the best cards and rewards programs for their specific spending needs.
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Home Exchange Helps Travelers Book Exchanges in 150 Countries
Matt Walker • October 19, 2018
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EDWARD SNOWDEN: Mass Surveillance Is Making Us Less Safe
Screenshot / The Guardian
MOSCOW (AP) — Former National Security Agency systems analyst Edward Snowden says surveillance programs used by the United States to tap into phone and Internet connections around the world are making people less safe.
In short video clips posted by the WikiLeaks website on Friday, Snowden said the NSA mass surveillance he revealed before fleeing to Russia "puts us at risk of coming into conflict with our own government."
Snowden, who faces espionage charges in the U.S. over the leak, described the techniques as "dragnet mass surveillance that puts entire populations under sort of an eye that sees everything even when it's not needed."
"They hurt our economy. They hurt our country. They limit our ability to speak and think and live and be creative, to have relationships and to associate freely," Snowden said.
The videos are the first of Snowden speaking since July 12, when he was shown at a Moscow airport pleading with Russian authorities to grant him asylum, which they did on Aug. 1.
That decision has strained the relations between the U.S. and Russia. President Barack Obama called off a meeting with President Vladimir Putin at a summit hosted by Russia in September.
Snowden said the U.S. government was "unwilling to prosecute high officials who lied to Congress and the country on camera, but they'll stop at nothing to persecute someone who told them the truth."
In a note accompanying the videos, WikiLeaks said Snowden spoke on Wednesday in Moscow as he accepted the Sam Adams Award, given annually by a group of retired U.S. national security officers and named for a CIA analyst during the Vietnam War who accused the U.S. military of deliberately underestimating the enemy's strength for political purposes.
Four former U.S. government officials who were at the ceremony told The Associated Press on Thursday that Snowden is adjusting to life in Russia and said they saw no evidence that he was under the control of local security services. They refused to say where they met with Snowden or where he is living.
More: Associated Press Edward Snowden NSA Russia
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Robert Pattinson opens up about his insecurities and his career-defining new movie
Jason Guerrasio
Aug. 11, 2017, 10:18 AM
Robert Pattinson.
Anaele Pelisson, Business Insider/AP
Robert Pattinson may be known best for the role that made him into a global superstar and tabloid obsession, playing Edward Cullen in the "Twilight" franchise, but he's making it very hard for everyone to keep him in that box.
In his latest movie, "Good Time" (in select theaters Friday, nationwide August 25), Pattinson gives the best performance of his career so far playing Connie, a petty criminal who sets out on a mission to bail his mentally challenged brother out of prison. After the two botch a bank robbery, we follow Connie in a bizarre journey through New York, in which everything he does completely goes wrong. To morph into a greasy Queens hood, the 31-year-old actor spent months working with directors Josh and Benny Safdie (Benny plays Connie's brother in the movie) before shooting began, which included dressing in character and doing improvised performances with Benny in public.
With a cluster of eager paparazzi waiting outside, Business Insider chatter with Pattinson at the Bowery Hotel in New York City to discuss his new role, why he spends so much time on movie websites, and with more "Twilight" movies to come, if he'd ever consider playing Edward Cullen again.
Jason Guerrasio: You've said in interviews that it's seeing a picture of the Safdie's last movie, "Heaven Knows What," that sparked the interest to work with them. What were you searching for creatively back at that time?
Robert Pattinson: That. I mean, I don't do anything else. I literally f---ing look at film websites all day long. [ Laughs]
Guerrasio: Wow.
Pattinson: Also book review websites, anything where there could be something. I guess I'm trying to figure out what could potentially be a zeitgeist-type thing. Something that will connect. And it's very, very difficult to find anything that's in the zeitgeist.
Guerrasio: So your process in choosing roles is different from the traditional method in Hollywood of an agent sending you material. You're searching for the material.
Pattinson: I think it's so much more than the script. I did a movie after "Good Time" [titled " Damsel"] which was from a script and it's funny. But originally I read it and I didn't get it. And then I saw this movie, "Kumiko, the Treasure Hunter," which the directors, the Zellner brothers, had done previously, and I called my agent and said, "Who are these guys?" And he was like, "You just got offered their movie and you said 'no,'" and I was like, "Oh, s---! Wait!" [ Laughs] I think you just need so many elements. And I'm just one of those people who thinks if you've made something good once, even if it was a long time ago, I think —
Guerrasio: They've still got a good one in them.
Pattinson: Yeah. Because hardly anybody has made anything good.
Guerrasio: But with the Safdies you see this image, you're intrigued, but what happens if you go to meet them and they could be awful people. Did you vet them a little first?
Pattinson: No. I had seen the trailer for "Heaven Knows What," and I had such a strong impression of them I knew I was right. The editing, use of music, it's just bold. I remember seeing "Heaven Knows What" for the first time and just the volume of the music I was like, "Jesus, it's deafening."
Guerrasio: So in your eyes, even if these guys were complete pricks, you could deal with it because you dig what they do?
Pattinson: Yeah. 100 percent. It worked out, because I really like them. But at the end of the day you're doing it to make something.
Guerrasio: Not make best friends with them.
Pattinson: And sometimes it's kind of good if you hate the person. [ Laughs] The film production was only three months, I think you can basically do anything in three months.
Robert Pattinson in "Good Time."
Guerrasio: There was so much prep to this movie. Was it fun to get made up and walk around New York City and not be recognized? As opposed to right now, we're in a lobby of a hotel and paparazzi are right at the front door waiting for you.
Pattinson: It's a satisfying experience to do that. I'm trying to make something every time that feels new and surprises people. Hopefully at least one person. But it's not like I turn it off. I don't make a movie and then go back to my normal life. When I'm finishing one movie the next day I'm thinking about the next one.
Guerrasio: Is that because you want that? You want to be busy?
Pattinson: Yeah. But also, most of the time I'm by myself finding the next thing. Being an A&R guy, basically. I don't know how long I can do this for. I'm constantly fascinated by actors who are so confident with their career that they do a project and then go on vacation.
Guerrasio: And then there are the actors that say "no" to everything.
Pattinson: Oh, I say "no" to everything, too. But because I like such few things, when I take a role I just go into prep and that takes time, even for small roles I do that.
Guerrasio: You did months of prep for "Good Time," at one point you and Benny worked at a car wash?
Pattinson: It was actually for a camera test, but the camera was far away. It was in the middle of the night we did it. We had permission from the manager, but everyone who worked there didn't have any idea what we were doing. They just thought we were new to the job. And it wasn't like we did it for the experience of washing cars, we did a bit. Benny is in character freaking out and I'm in character too and I slapped him. Benny punched me in the face. [ Laughs] People tried to break it up but I loved that element where something is out of control. It's why I wanted to be in this movie. It's the real world and people react to it. It was interesting to see how real people would react to a crazy situation happening in front of them.
Guerrasio: Did it ever get to a point where there was too much prep work? That your head was overloaded and you just needed to go and shoot the movie.
Pattinson: If someone is enthusiastic, no. There were so many times I would send emails to Josh about the character. Something like, "I just realized who the guy is," and it would be this long explanation. And then Josh would send one back that was ten times longer. So they were enthusiastic which made me that way, too. I think so much of a director's job is just to convince you that what you're doing is worthwhile. "Yes, this does mean something, we're not just messing around." Even though at the end of the day it's a film. But at the time it's something else. I don't feel like I'm making a film, I'm confronting things in myself. I don't know what it is. So if someone is enthusiastic enough to convince you that it's important it's kind of magical.
Guerrasio: Did it take a while to shake Connie once filming was complete?
Pattinson: Actually, I was watching the movie the other day and I was like, "I wouldn't mind doing that again." I just love the certain figures of speech he uses, it's an edgy character and a lot of different angles to him. It's fun.
Guerrasio: So when you see him on screen you don't feel burnt out from playing him, you could see yourself playing him again?
Pattinson: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I found there is so much detail to him as a character. I don't even see him as a criminal. I mean, he robbed a bank, but this isn't a story where the major focus of his life is being a criminal. It's in the back of his mind. I talked to this guy who was a bank robber and just got out of prison from serving eight years when we started shooting. I was trying to figure out what his reason was to do what he did and he said, "I just wanted money." And I was like, ok, that's cool. He disguised himself to rob the banks, he's a smart guy, but it's so interesting that he just eliminated the idea of consequence. You do it because you wanted money and you either get caught or you don't. That's it. I found that profound. The fear of getting caught is eliminated.
Guerrasio: Does the idea of being the lead in a franchise movie interest you at all going forward. I mean, doing "Twilight" was like ten years of your life. Can you go through that again?
Pattinson: Um, yeah. If you get something that you fall in love with. I always think everything is going to be my last job so every single day is a gift. [ Laughs] This whole life is an accident for me. It would be nice. But if I did something else like that again I think the more established you are going into it the easier it will be for you. I still think I'm a little too young, but for some [established actors], you go into the project it's yours, they trust you. While if you're just a kid you have to follow what they say. Because everyone is scared, there's just too much money at stake. But with a movie like "Good Time," I'm cheap, [ Laughs] I can guarantee a certain amount of box office, I just want to get another chance after this.
Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart starred in the "Twilight" franchise.
Guerrasio: Lionsgate said recently they are interested in doing more "Twilight" movies down the road. Does that interest you at all, if they come calling could you ever go back and play Edward?
Pattinson: I mean, I would be very fascinated to see how they explain that not only are you a vampire that can go out in the sunlight, but you can also age a little bit. [ Laughs]
Guerrasio: Well, that's what CGI is for, right?
Pattinson: Yeah.
Guerrasio: How about if they would allow Edward to be killed off?
Pattinson: I don't know. When the source material is not there it's tricky. Also, the entire series is based over a year, so yeah, I would feel it would potentially be redundant. Because so much of the movie was about sexual tension, so once it's consummated, that's it. [ Laughs]
SEE ALSO: How the "Cocaine Cowboys" filmmakers built a career interviewing Miami's most notorious gangsters
More: Movies Robert Pattinson Prime Good Time
Josh and Benny Safdie
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Home > Life & Culture
Swimming: Yip Pin Xiu wins Singapore's second gold of the 2018 Asian Para Games
Mon, Oct 08, 2018 - 8:30 PM
Yip Pin Xiu won the Republic's second gold at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta, Indonesia, after winning the women's 50m backstroke S4 (S1-4) race on Monday (Oct 8).
[SINGAPORE] Yip Pin Xiu won the Republic's second gold at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta, Indonesia, after winning the women's 50m backstroke S4 (S1-4) race on Monday (Oct 8).
The 26-year-old touched the wall first in a season-best time of 1min 2.09sec at the Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Centre. Her previous season best was 1min 04.66sec.
Earlier on Monday, bowler Tan Swang Hee, known as Rex, won joint bronze in the mixed singles TPB10 event.
Singapore has now won three medals at the ongoing Asian Para Games, which concludes on Oct 13. Swimmer Toh Wei Soong clinched the Republic's first medal at the Games on Sunday, taking gold in the men's 50m freestyle S7 event.
At the previous Asian Para Games in 2014, Singapore won its maiden gold at the Games, as well as a silver and four bronzes.
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5 Historical Female Friendships That Put Taylor Swift's #Squadgoals To Shame
By Shaun Fitzpatrick
MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images
"I'm mostly friends with guys. I just don't seem to get along with girls." You've probably heard someone say this before, proudly, as though not getting along with women is something to brag about. You may have even said it yourself. No judgement!
I'm even guilty of having uttered it in the past. Like many, there was a time when I totally bought into the myth of the Cool Girl, the girl who preferred to hang out with the guys and laughed at the silly antics of the "crazy girls" with whom those male friends found themselves on dates. It wasn't until college that I began to realize how ridiculous I was to buy into the notion that having female friends was a character flaw. I started to find confident, brilliant, and witty women to befriend, and I realized how much I had been missing out on by not having a supportive female friend base. (I kept my many incredible male friends too, of course. You don't have to choose one over the other!)
Female friendships have a long, interesting, and complicated history. In their new book The Social Sex, authors Marilyn Yalom and Theresa Donovan Brown look at how these friendships have evolved over hundreds of years, from Biblical to modern times. From sexually charged nuns to platonic revolutionaries to Eleanor Roosevelt and her small army of female friends, the face of female friendship is constantly changing. But they all have one thing in common: these women were passionate, supportive companions to each other.
History provides way better #squadgoals then Hollywood does. And, thanks to Yalom and Brown, now some of the world's most famous female friends are in one book! Below are my personal favorite female partners in crime.
Hildegard Of Bingen And Her Fellow Nuns
If you're going to spend your life in a convent, you're probably going to pick up a female friend or two along the way. Born in 1098, Hildegard followed her friend Jutta into the convent, where she became known for her religious visions. After Jutta's death, Hildegard founded an establishment exclusively for nuns, and befriended a number of young women under her charge. Among them was Elisabeth, a younger nun who experienced religious visions and would turn to Hildegard for advice, and Richardis, who Hildegard came to regard as a daughter. When Richardis was elected to move to another monastery, Hildegard went so far as to write to the Pope to get her to stay. Apparently she was a bit of a needy, overdramatic friend.
Mercy Otis Warren And Abigail Adams
For any jerk out there who thinks women only discuss men and petty gossip, Warren and Adams are here to set you straight. The two women were highly political, fiery revolutionaries who often discussed politics and other things more considered to be "men" topics in their letters. In fact, when John Adams was flippant about Adams's plea that he and the others at the Continental Congress of 1776 remember the rights of women, she turned to Warren to vent her frustration. The two women were friends for 41 years, though they would spend years without speaking due to numerous disagreements or difference in politics.
George Sand And Her Female Companions
We tend to pay more attention to Sand's relationships with men like Chopin and Flaubert, but throughout her life Sand had a number of deep connections with women, both romantic and platonic. She had an especially close friend during her school days named Fannelly, and later said, "There is one thing I am as sure of as I am of my own existence, and that is that Fannelly still loves me warmly and tenderly, that no cloud has obscured the irresistible and total understanding we felt for each other thirty years ago, that she never thinks of me without knowing she loves me and that I love her in return." She also had a close, potentially romantic relationship with the actress Marie Dorval.
Susan B. Anthony And Elizabeth Cady Stanton
You knew they were going to make this list, didn't you? My ultimate dream is to see a movie about these two starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, but I digress. In 1869 the two founded the National Woman Suffrage Association together, and spent their lives fighting side by side for women's rights. Unlike Adams and Warren, Stanton claimed that the two never fought, and considered her life as entwined with Anthony's as a husband and wife's lives would be (despite the fact that Stanton was actually married). Anthony was thought of as a second mother to Stanton's children, and I like to imagine the two of them living like a little family in perfect feminist harmony.
Eleanor Roosevelt And... Like, Everyone
Long before Taylor Swift and her #squadgoals convinced every beautiful woman in Hollywood to be her friend, Eleanor Roosevelt was surrounding herself with a veritable army of smart, capable woman who would support her throughout her life. Along with a number of the female friends that she met through the League of Women Voters, Eleanor created Val-Kill Industries (run by her friend Nancy Cook) and served as a teacher at the Todhunter School for Girls in New York City (her friend Marion Dickerman was the principal). She had friends in Congress (Isabella Selmes, who was a bridesmaid at her wedding), had a close friend act as her secretary in the White House (Malvina Thompson), and had a controversially close relationship with an Associated Press reporter (Lorena Hickok). So yeah, Eleanor pretty much only surrounded herself with the best women she could find.
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Daniel Alarcón's 'At Night We Walk In Circles' is Intriguing and Fully Formed
Daniel Alarcón’s At Night We Walk In Circles (Riverhead) reads like a slow motion mystery. It's full of keen insight, dynamic characters, and post-modern flair, yet it is also carefully constructed and deeply intriguing.
The novel revolves around the story of young actor, Nelson, who is unexpectedly picked to perform in a revival of a play originally penned during an unnamed South American country’s “anxious years” of civil unrest and rebellion in the 1980s and 1990s — a work that originally landed its author in the country’s most hellish prison for six months. But now it is peacetime, and the leftist theater troupe is planning a commemorative tour. So, 22-year old Nelson and his assorted emotional baggage joins the eccentric, haunted playwright and other lead actor on the trip.
For Nelson, the tour is an opportunity to launch his career and to get away from his troubled life, his aging widowed mother, his brother who abandoned the family for life in the U.S., and the confusing affair he’s been conducting with his ex-girlfriend. But it isn’t long before Nelson’s life is more tied up in the play and its dangerous history than anyone could have anticipated.
The story is told by a narrator who seeks to piece together Nelson's life and the events of the tour after the fact — events he might be less removed from than he initially lets on. It is soon clear that the narrator has researched this case quite thoroughly, interviewing everyone he can think of who might have been involved, going over old letters and Nelson’s journals, all in an effort to recreate the truth, almost obsessively.
It’s an interesting premise for a novel, like reading an account from a fictional Truman Capote creating In Cold Blood, but with a story that is far less cut and dry than even the complicated portrait Capote creates of the Clutter family murder. The impulse here is not journalistic but heartfelt.
The narrator at one point marvels at
Nelson’s secrets revealed to me by his confidants, his lovers, his classmates, people who’d seen fit to trust me, as if by sharing their various recollections, we could together accomplish something on his behalf. Re-create him. Reanimate him. Bring him back into the world.
Along the way we get a look into the lives of everyone involved and into the soul of this unnamed country itself. Though clearly based on Alarcón's native Peru, a country he left as a child, Alarcón told Vogue that he deliberately chose not to define the setting. "Oddly," he says, "by rejecting a defined place on the map with a set of borders, it frees you up to create a textured and deeply imagined world."
Certainly, the world with which he presents us delivers. From the newly revitalized capital city along the coast, to the impoverished, slow moving villages in the interior, Alarcón gives us a vivid portrait of the world his characters move through, one that consists not only of scenery but of people. The novel's fictional country is fully populated with older generations still recovering from the war years, young people making and remaking the reality that has come after, and highland villagers for whom time passes slowly if at all. It is indeed both "textured and deeply imagined," as Alarcón wants it to be.
Alarcón's novel is fully formed and resonates on the whole. The prose is cleanly evocative, the narrative is compelling and nuanced, and the slow mystery that burns at the heart of the book will not disappoint.
Image: Adrian Kinloch
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Patriot Act Surveillance Powers Reclaimed As Obama Signs Bill Into Law
Obama's signature marked a victory for critics of the national security state, even as some lawmakers call for a more comprehensive overhaul of surveillance powers.
By Hamza Shaban
Hamza Shaban BuzzFeed News Reporter
Last updated on June 2, 2015, at 10:29 p.m. ET
Posted on June 2, 2015, at 8:23 p.m. ET
Pool / Getty Images
President Obama signed the USA Freedom Act into law on Tuesday, ending the NSA's authority to sweep up the phone records of millions of Americans and reining in domestic surveillance programs provoked by the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11.
The signing of the bill followed a Senate debate so contentious that portions of the Patriot Act expired after lawmakers failed to resolve their differences by a Monday deadline. Under the new law, federal intelligence and law enforcement agencies will regain some of their surveillance powers -- but they'll be tempered by some important privacy protections.
President Obama's signature marked a victory for critics of the national security state, even as some lawmakers call for a more comprehensive overhaul of surveillance powers enacted after 9/11.
President Obama @POTUS
Glad the Senate finally passed the USA Freedom Act. It protects civil liberties and our national security. I'll sign it as soon as I get it.
In a bipartisan joint statement released Tuesday by House leaders, representatives emphasized the wide support enjoyed by USA Freedom, with backers including the president, the attorney general, and members of the intelligence community and tech industry. "The Senate should have acted before three national security provisions expired, but we are pleased that this historic piece of legislation is now on its way to becoming the law of the land," wrote Reps. Bob Goodlatte, John Conyers, Jim Sensenbrenner, and Jerrold Nadler.
Before the legislation was approved by the Senate, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell sought to pass three amendments to the bill. McConnell had previously vied for a straight reauthorization of the Patriot Act. He has argued that USA Freedom would hamstring the nation's law enforcement and would jeopardize national security by curtailing counterterrorism authority. All three amendments, which critics argued would weaken the surveillance and transparency reforms contained in the bill, were voted down.
Adam Schiff, ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee and co-sponsor of the USA Freedom Act, praised the bill's passage as a worthwhile compromise.
While president and CEO of the Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT) Nuala O'Connor described the bill's passage as a "generational win for privacy and transparency," the CDT's advocacy director, Harley Geiger, expressed reservations. "Passage of the USA FREEDOM Act is the most significant national security surveillance reform measure in the past three decades," he said in a statement. But Geiger went on to argue for congressional action to protect Americans' emails from warrantless searches, and for an overhaul of what's known as Sec. 702, which authorizes the surveillance of international calls.
Representative Ted Lieu, one of the 88 House members who opposed USA Freedom, echoed these concerns and said he worries that the bill doesn't adequately address issues around encryption backdoors and stingray devices. Lieu told BuzzFeed News that while he is relieved the Senate did not weaken the legislation, he believes the bill is too modest in limiting the mass surveillance conducted by the NSA and the FBI.
"I am pleased that we are seeing a ratcheting back of the pendulum which I think has swung way too far to the area of fear and invasion of privacy and violations of the Constitution," he said. "I still don't think the Freedom Act has gone far enough, but it is better than the existing Patriot Act."
For some American tech companies, the government's dragnet surveillance programs have become closely associated with their own businesses, which they claim harms their global competitiveness. Ed Black, the president and CEO of the Computer and Communications Industry Association, a group that represents Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and many other tech giants, sees the vote as a significant first step.
"While it is inherently tempting for governments to want to use technology to gather all information possible, those who wish to live in a free society must not allow that to become the default policy," Black said on the CCIA's website.
Hamza Shaban is a technology policy reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in Washington, DC.
Contact Hamza Shaban at Hamza.Shaban@buzzfeed.com.
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Luxe California Spots to Celebrate New Year’s Eve 2017
When it comes to ringing in the new year in style, there are an abundance of options in northern and southern California for a luxurious celebration. Here are our top picks for San Francisco and Los Angeles.
San Francisco Symphony with Seth MacFarlane
Seth MacFarlane will be performing holiday favorites, conducted by Edwin Outwater, at Davies Symphony Hall to ring in the New Year. Priced from $89 to $264.
EPIC Inside The Park Central Hotel
Union Square’s newest luxury hotel, Park Central Hotel, will present multiple dance floors, two giant screens, some of the Bay Area’s best DJs, and “the most EPIC Balloon Drop the city has to offer!” Priced from $45 to 459.
W San Francisco New Year’s 2018
Spend an exciting evening among fellow revelers at the W San Francisco, with six DJs, four rooms of music, and a four-hour premium hosted bar. Tickets and packages from $139 to $3,195.
Speakeasy NYE
Head to this prohibition-era speakeasy, where the activities will include gambling, dancing, live music, and enjoying handcrafted cocktails and hors d’oeuvres. Prices from $195 to $475.
San Francisco Dinner Cruise
What better way to usher in 2018 than on the water, enjoying the spectacular San Francisco sights?! A New Year’s Eve cruise on the California Hornblower offers a four-course gourmet dinner, open bar, dancing, live entertainment, and an amazing view of midnight fireworks. Priced at $310 per person.
Looking for something a little different for your New Year’s Eve celebration? How about a tango performance and Latin-themed soiree with live entertainment, dancing, tapas, drinks, and prizes?! Prices range from $65 to $189.
San Francisco’s Ultimate NYE 2018
Head to this unique event space across from AT&T Park for 20,000 square feet of dance floors and lounges, with state-of-the-art lighting, an incredible sound system, and two balloon drops. Pricing ranges from $29 to $549.
Masquerade Ball — Basement Tavern
Not only is this New Year’s Eve Masquerade Ball hosted at The Victorian in Santa Monica, the event is also a fundraiser for the California Heritage Museum. General admission $50, Bottle Service for six, $500.
Nest & Wp24 — The Ritz-Carlton, Downtown Los Angeles
Enjoy champagne and a caviar tasting menu with views that are just as delicious at Nest at WP24 on the 24th floor of The Ritz-Carlton in Downtown L.A. $120 for two guests. Or, luxuriate in Wolfgang Puck’s special three-course prix fixe ($75 per person) or seven-course menu ($165 per person) at hotspot WP24.
Nyelectric W Hollywood Rooftop
W Hollywood Loft & Rooftop Lounge and NYElectric promise the “swankiest New Year’s Eve dance party that Hollywood has ever seen” this New Year’s Eve. Prices from $139 to $3,495
Baltaire — “A Night In Monte Carlo”
A night in Monte Carlo sounds great any day of the year, but on New Year’s Eve, Brentwood favorite Baltaire will transform with a $250 per person prix fixe menu.
Mélisse
Westside darling and Michelin-starred Mélisse presents two New Year’s Eve seatings: A $160 per person first seating and a second seating that also includes music and dancing, priced at $325 per person.
TAO Group
TAO Group offers the ultimate New Year’s Eve indulgence with cuisine from TAO Asian Bistro and Beauty & Essex, 360-degree city views from The Highlight Room, and live DJ and dancing at Avenue. Packages range from $99 to $3,000.
By Alyson|2017-12-31T10:23:11-07:00December 29, 2017|Events and Holidays|Comments Off on Luxe California Spots to Celebrate New Year’s Eve 2017
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Home › Zeta Beta Tau
On December 29, 1898 at Columbia University in New York, Professor of Languages, Richard J. H. Gottheil, was inspired to gather together a group of Jewish students from several area universities to form a Zionist youth organization known as Z.B.T. During its early days, Z.B.T. served as a fraternity of sorts for the many Jewish students who were excluded from Greek-letter organizations because of their faith. Based on this desire for social fellowship, Z.B.T. saw the need to change its purpose, structure, emphasis, and name, to become in 1903, Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT).
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Since its early days as a Zionist youth organization, ZBT has grown to include over 81 active chapters across North America and more than 2,600 undergraduate members. With their motto, “A Powerhouse of Excellence,” the Brothers of ZBT are inspired to always give their best efforts, and many have gone to achieve great things through their hard work, including Samuel Goldwyn (MGM Productions), Henry W. Bloch & Richard Bloch (founders, H&R Block), Harold Ramis (Actor, Director, Writer, & Producer), Jerry Bruckheimer (TV & Film Producer), and Leonard Bernstein (Composer & Conductor). With Brothers like these, it is not surprising that many men want to wear the Zeta Beta Tau blue, white, and gold.
For the members of ZBT, service (hands-on interaction with a charitable organization) and philanthropy (the act of donating money to a deserving cause), are of equal importance, for this reason the Fraternity has multiple venues for its Brothers to make the world a better place. The men of ZBT keep busy throughout the year donating their time, hard work, and money to designated organizations like the Children’s Miracle Network Hospitals and the Maccabi World Union, as well as holding local fund-raising events, such as “Get on the Ball,” that may benefit any charity of the local chapter’s choosing.
Though Zeta Beta Tau was originally founded as a Jewish fraternity, and currently focuses its efforts on cultivating relationships with local Jewish communities, all members know the hurt that can be caused by exclusionary practices. For this reason, ZBT has been committed to being a non-sectarian brotherhood, welcoming all men of good character, regardless of religion, race, or creed, since 1954. The men of ZBT tirelessly work to promote their mission of fostering intellectual awareness, social responsibility, integrity, and brotherly love, values that make both the campus and the world, a better place.
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Annual archives: 2015
Canam-Buildings Projects Shine at the PEA Awards
Two Canam-Buildings projects took top honors at the 2015 edition of the Prix d’excellence en architecture (PEA), an architectural awards gala that took place last November 21st at the Montreal Science Centre. People’s choice category The People’s choice award was conferred to the St-Louis College project, a high school of Montreal’s Lachine district. The College is now part of an old abandoned English school that was completely restored and expanded. Canam-Buildings supplied 177 tons of joists, steel deck and girts in the scope of this project. Reconversion and recycling category The Reconversion and recycling award went to the Monique-Corriveau Library project in…
Canam Group Excellence Award Winner at the CISC
Canam-Buildings and Canam-Bridges stood out prominently at the CISC Design Awards, taking home two awards each at the gala held on October 29th under the theme “Contribution of the Steel Industry to the World of Music and the Arts”. Industrial Projects Canam-Buildings received an award in the Industrial Projects category for its participation in the PJC Head Office and Distribution Center project in Varennes, Quebec. In addition to housing administrative offices and a warehouse, this 860,500 sq. ft. (79,943 m2) facility includes a fitness center, a daycare, a cafeteria and many other commodities for the employees.…
Official Opening of the Mega Jean Coutu Distribution Center in Varennes
Canam-Buildings is proud to have contributed to the construction of the new Jean Coutu Distribution Center and Headquarters in Varennes that will officially open to no less than 1,100 employees on October 26th. For this project, Canam supplied joists, trusses, bridgings, purlins and girts, welded sections (WWF), steel deck and the acoustic deck for offices. Joists of 24 m (80 ft) long have been installed in the warehouse.In addition to offices and distribution center, this building of 860,500 ft2 includes:a training center a swimming pool a cafeteria a nursery a three-story atriumOutside, communal gardens and a walking trail will also be made available to employees. Staff…
Joël Nadeau Named Chairman of the Board at Steel Plus Network
Joël Nadeau, Senior Vice President of Canam-Buildings, proudly accepted his appointment to the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors of Steel Plus Network (SPN), a steel industry organization that works to leverage the collective buying power of its members.The SPN Purchasing Program enables member companies big and small to take advantage of volume discounts, obtain enhanced services and strengthen their business ties. SPN also assists its members by providing operational support and consulting services in the area of products, equipment, training and other activities. The new Chairman of the Board made the following point: “SPN member fabricators face…
A mega garage project for Canam-Buildings
Canam-Buildings’ services were selected to supply the steel structure for a new garage for the Société de transport de l’Outaouais (STO). This expansion became necessary for several operational reasons, and in order to better serve a growing clientele. It’s 700 tons of joists, 328 tons of steel deck (324,950 ft2) and 447 tons of joist girders that will be produced at our Boucherville (steel deck) and Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce (joists and joist girders) plants for the construction of this mega garage. Deliveries began in August 2015 and will continue until November 2015. The opening is scheduled for spring 2016. Follow this project! Learn more :…
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You are here: Home / Software / Siemens Canada brings NASA design software to London’s Fanshawe College with $248-million grant
Siemens Canada brings NASA design software to London’s Fanshawe College with $248-million grant
January 27, 2017 by Jayson MacLean
Engineering and electronics company Siemans Canada is partnering with London, Ontario’s Fanshawe College to give its students access to leading-edge design software used by NASA on the Mars Rover. The $248 million in-kind grant will see students of Fanshawe’s School of Applied Science and Technology use the software for courses and research which will help them to get a leg up on the competition by providing access to the tools before they even hit the job market.
“This investment by Siemens PLM Software will help us unlock the potential of our engineering students, ensuring they are well prepared for relevant and rewarding careers upon graduation,” says Fanshawe President Peter Devlin in a statement. “We thank Siemens for their support of Fanshawe College.”
The grant includes Siemens’ NX software, used for design, manufacturing and engineering, and its Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) software which is reportedly used by 29 of the world’s top 30 automakers and over 77,000 businesses worldwide, including London’s own General Dynamics Land Systems, makers of light armoured vehicles.
“Fanshawe has a history of producing great engineering students and we want to give them the tools that will enable them to be as creative and as successful in their corporate lives when they graduate and become leaders in industry,” said Brian Mori, president and CEO of Siemens Industry Software.
Siemens PLM has granted its software to other institutions including Western University. Fanshawe says that the software will be put to use immediately by 20 of its engineering students in a program with capacity for 150.
City of London mayor Matt Brown was at the grant announcement and said the donation will ensure that Fanshawe’s programs meet up with industry standards. Brown stated that 85 per cent of Fanshawe grads get work in the London area. “When the college grows, our community grows as well,” said Brown to the London Free Press.
A new report commissioned by Colleges Ontario, an advocacy group representing public colleges in the province, states that Ontario colleges will be hard-pressed to stay afloat over the upcoming decade which will see marked declines in enrolment due to demographic shifts.
The report by PricewaterhouseCoopers maintains that all colleges but especially those outside of care urban markets will have to make cuts to staff, increase tuition, put more courses and programs online and get more funding from the government in order to survive.
“[In] the absence of creative actions on the part of colleges and policy makers to address the future fiscal sustainability of the Ontario college sector, the core mandate of colleges appears to be in jeopardy,” the report states, as detailed in the Globe and Mail.
Part of an effort to lobby the government for more support, the report says that the colleges won’t be able to secure the needed funding from tuition increases alone – in the short term, at least, as the province has capped tuition hikes at three per cent a year for the next three years.
In December, provincial minister of advanced education and skills development Deb Matthews announced its new approach to funding post-secondaries in Ontario, which along with the tuition cap will see free tuition for low-income students, all part of the government’s plan to provide residents with greater access to education.“The number one (impact) is access . . . people across the country and beyond are looking at what we are doing in Ontario on the access side — we are already really, really good, but this takes us to a whole new level where every single person in this province can actually afford to go,” said Deb Matthews to the Toronto Star.
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Billboard erected to spread love throughout Columbus
Danae King The Columbus Dispatch @DanaeKing
Ohio now has one of 22 similar billboards posted across the nation.
Just like Jackie DeShannon sang in the 1960s pop hit, Dan Rosu thinks what the world needs now is love.
It’s why he helped bring a billboard emblazoned with the four-letter word in big, bold, white letters on a red background to Columbus.
“It’s trying to raise up somebody’s spirits with a billboard,” said Rosu, 39, of Olde Towne East.
The billboard went up across from Columbus State Community College at 155 Cleveland Ave. for everyone to see Tuesday afternoon, and Rosu hopes people take selfies with it. He launched a GoFundMe campaign almost two weeks ago to raise money for the billboard and had raised about $430 by the time it was installed.
The billboard will be up for at least a month, said Rosu, who owns a clothing company called State of Mine Apparel. And if he can raise more money, he hopes to share his message in other parts of the city.
“It’s cool to put up a billboard and not have any ulterior motives as far as trying to sell something,” he said, adding that the message is important in today’s divisive times when people are often arguing, or caught up worrying about money and other daily stressors. “Just to have a plain, positive message like that to show people what’s important.”
Rosu met the creator of the movement, Love on Every Billboard, in September when they were roommates at a meditation retreat in California. He took up the cause after seeing others from the retreat do the same.
Ohio is the seventh state to erect one of the billboards, devised by John Pogachar, of Spokane, Washington, since they began going up in November. There are 22 up across the country now, Pogachar said.
Pogachar, a 60-year-old life coach, said he came up with the idea over the summer while talking with other life coaches about the idea of love.
“The more I thought about it, the more I thought, ‘How can I put love out there?’” he said. “There was fear. Who does that? Who puts love on a billboard? I guess I do.”
Columbus State students walking past Tuesday expressed positive reactions to the sign, put up by Lamar Advertising Company at noon.
“It pops out; it’s red,” said Paige Wires, a 20-year-old student. “When you think of love, it makes you happy.”
Whether people first see the sign out of the corner of their eye or head-on, Rosu hopes that the billboard brightens their day and that their joy will spread to others.
“It’s all good intentions,” said Rosu, who added that he’ll likely pick up with his own money the remaining $170 that is needed to cover the $600 discounted cost of the first billboard. “I think once it goes up ... people will kind of gravitate toward it.”
Rosu set up a GoFundMe page to raise money for more local billboards at www.gofundme.com/love-on-every-billboard-columbus-oh.
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Communications | Brandeis Home
Rutgers Professor Dorothy L. Hodgson named Dean of Arts and Sciences
Hodgson will begin her term on August 20
Photo/Rutgers University
Dorothy Hodgson
Brandeis University has named Dorothy L. Hodgson, an internationally renowned anthropologist and senior associate dean for academic affairs at Rutgers University’s School of Graduate Studies, as its new dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Brandeis University’s largest academic division.
Hodgson will undertake her new role at Brandeis on Aug. 20, succeeding Susan J. Birren, professor of neurobiology, who is stepping down as arts and sciences dean on June 30. Birren, who became dean in 2011, will return to the Brandeis faculty to continue her research and teaching after a yearlong sabbatical.
As senior associate dean at Rutgers, Hodgson was part of the graduate school’s leadership team, which oversaw more than 150 research-based doctoral, master’s and dual-degree programs enrolling more than 5,200 graduate students working with 2,660 graduate faculty across eight schools.
As dean at Brandeis’ College of Arts and Sciences, which includes 4,400 undergraduate and graduate students, and more than 430 faculty, Hodgson will oversee undergraduate admissions, the undergraduate and graduate curricula, faculty, staffing, the oversight of academic departments, and other academic matters, including the implementation of recently updated general education requirements.
“Dorothy Hodgson is a highly respected scholar and an adept academic leader who understands the issues involved in running a complex academic enterprise,” said Brandeis President Ron Liebowitz. “Her experience is well-suited to leading our largest academic unit. I have every confidence she will advance the mission of the College of Arts and Sciences, and help us think through the challenges facing the arts and sciences and innovative approaches to addressing them.
“I am so grateful to Susan Birren for the outstanding leadership she has provided as dean for the past seven years, and I look forward to her returning to our faculty and her lab after a well-deserved sabbatical,” Liebowitz added.
Hodgson is the past president of the African Studies Association and has previously served as chair and graduate director of Rutgers’ Department of Anthropology, director of Rutgers’ Institute for Research on Women and president of the Association for Feminist Anthropology. She is currently editor-in-chief of the “Oxford Research Encyclopedia on African Women’s History.”
Hodgson earned her bachelor’s degree in English at the University of Virginia, and her master’s and PhD in anthropology at the University of Michigan.
“It is very exciting to be joining an institution as prestigious and innovative as Brandeis University,” said Hodgson. “Brandeis is one of the world’s top research and teaching universities, thanks in large part to its outstanding undergraduate and graduate students, breadth of scholarly research and distinguished faculty. I look forward to engaging with colleagues and students across the humanities, sciences, arts and social sciences to support Brandeis’ educational mission.”
Hodgson is a cultural and historical anthropologist who has worked in East Africa for more than 30 years, primarily among Maasai pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Tanzania. Her research has examined such topics as gender, ethnicity, cultural politics, colonialism, nationalism, modernity, the missionary encounter, transnational organizing and the indigenous rights movement. She has authored numerous books about the intersection of gender, culture and politics in Africa.
Her work has been supported by awards from the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the Fulbright-Hays Program, the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Science Foundation, the American Philosophical Society, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the Social Science Research Council and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.
As dean, Hodgson will report to Provost Lisa M. Lynch, the Maurice B. Hexter Professor of Social and Economic Policy.
“I am thrilled that a scholar-leader of Dr. Hodgson’s caliber will be joining Brandeis to lead the College of Arts and Sciences,” Lynch said. “I know she will bring energy, new ideas, wisdom and experience to the important work of leading this significant part of our university. At this important inflection point in our young history as a university, Dorothy brings an entrepreneurial vision for the future of the college, and a deep commitment to recruiting, retaining and nurturing faculty. She is equally committed to improving the undergraduate and graduate student experience within and outside the classroom.”
Lynch thanked the search committee, including committee chair Jané Kondev, professor of physics.
“Dorothy Hodgson is an outstanding scholar and administrator, and has experience in leading a complex teaching and research institution,” Kondev said. “Our committee felt that she would be an excellent choice to move the College of Arts and Sciences into the future and that she will lead in a highly consultative and collaborative style.”
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Information and telecommunications
President and Representative Director
Sumitomo Fudosan Shinagawa Building 4-10-27 Higashi-shinagawa, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo
https://www.creo.co.jp/
Share Price Number of shares issued
(excluding treasury shares) Total market cap ROE (Actual) Trading Unit
¥1,022 8,299,353 shares ¥8,481 million 5.9% 100 shares
DPS (Est.) Dividend yield (Est.) EPS (Est.) PER (Est.) BPS (Actual) PBR (Actual)
¥20.00 2.0% ¥48.20 21.2 times ¥636.37 1.6 times
*The share price is the closing price on November 5. The number of shares issued was obtained by subtracting the number of treasury shares from the number of outstanding shares as of the end of the latest quarter. ROE and BPS are the actual values as of the end of the previous term.
Fiscal Year Net Sales Operating
Income Ordinary
Income Net
Income EPS DPS
Mar. 2015 (Actual) 11,425 357 380 213 24.66 5.00
Mar. 2016 (Actual) 10,305 348 368 413 47.79 15.00
Mar. 2019 (Forecast) 13,100 570 590 400 48.20 20.00
*The forecasted values are from the Company. *From the FY 3/16, net income is profit attributable to owners of the parent. Hereinafter the same shall apply.
This Bridge Report overviews the financial results of CREO, for the first half of term ending Mar. 2019, and includes the outlook for the term ending Mar. 2019.
1. Key Points
2. Company Overview
3. First Half of Fiscal Year March 2019 Earnings Results
4. Mid-term Business Plan (FY3/18 to FY3/20) and Its Progress
5. Fiscal Year March 2019 Earnings Estimates
7. <Reference: Regarding Corporate Governance>
CREO is a system integrator that offers a variety of solutions. The company offers business solutions, including "ZeeM Series," a business package software used by over 2,000 enterprises (Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for human resources, accounting, asset management, etc.) and "BIZ PLATFORM," for business process management (BPM), which contributes to the streamlining of business operation and cost reduction, develops systems for governmental offices, municipalities, public-interest corporations, and large companies, produces and operates web systems for leading portal site operators in Japan, provides loyal clients with call-center services, and so on. The corporate group is composed of CREO, and four consolidated subsidiaries: CoCoTo Co., Ltd., CREATE LAB Co., Ltd., ITI Co., Ltd., and Adams Communications Co., Ltd. Amano (6436) and Yahoo Japan (4689) holds 30.57% and 12.71% of shares of CREO, respectively. CREO is an equity-method affiliate of Amano. In the term ended Mar. 2018, the sales toward Fujitsu and its group companies accounted for 30.3% of consolidated sales, while the sales toward Yahoo Japan made up 13.8%. 【Corporate ethos】 We aim to trigger changes that would "impress people" and actualize an affluent society, by combining "human imagination" and "technologies around the world." 【Philosophy infused into the logo】 The logo of CREO is infused with the three philosophies: "sensation," "creation," and "eternity." Sensation-The logo is imbued with the stance of always exceeding expectations from surrounding people and astonishing them. The logo is modeled after the exclamation mark, and the sphere represents the company itself. It denotes the spirit of co-creation through talking, thinking, and growing together. Creation-The logo also represents the resolution to discover new combinations of knowledge, technologies, and relations (= innovations), and keep creating things. From the sphere, which depicts CREO, human resources, products, and services that would lead the next generation will be born, and grow large. With the aim of surviving for 100 years, the company will keep changing in response to changes of the times. Eternity-The logo embraces a hope of being an enterprise serving stakeholders. The sphere denotes the company serving the customers, society, and shareholders. It indicates that CREO hopes to keep offering value that would contribute to society. 【Business details and group companies】 Its business is classified into Solutions Service Business, Contracted Development Business, West Japan Business, and subsidiaries' business domains: Systems Operation and Services Business and Support Services Business. They account for 25%, 11%, 11%, 17%, and 36% of total sales in the term ended Mar. 2018, respectively. Solutions Service Business The company offers "ZeeM Series," a business package software used by over 2,000 medium-sized enterprises (enterprise resource planning (ERP) for human resources, accounting, and asset management), "BIZ PLATFORM," for business process management (BPM), which contributes to the streamlining of business operation and cost reduction, the RPA solution for actualizing business processes that use manpower and robots by combining the know-how of ERP and BPM and the robotic process automation (RPA) technology for automating the routine tasks of white-collar workers, and so on. Increase of new clients through the enhancement of capabilities of giving proposals and selling products, and boost of sales from existing clients through cross-selling Under the holding company structure, each product was handled by a different subsidiary, and so there was no synergy. In Apr. 2017, the company restructured its business and organization, integrating its products in Solutions Service Business and starting integration solutions on full-scale basis. As the businesses were integrated into CREO, it became easier to cooperate with Amano (6436), which is the largest shareholder, in selling activities. Some clients of AMANO are users of CREO, and so their selling capability is expected to be brushed up (direct sale was conducted previously). As for "ZeeM Series," which has been installed in over 2,000 enterprises, the number of users that adopted all options of human resources, accounting, asset management, etc. is not large. In this situation, the company plans to increase sales from existing clients by cross-selling "BIZ PLATFORM" and RPA solutions. Contracted Development Business The company undertakes the development of systems for large companies, governmental offices, and municipalities, typesetting systems for newspaper publishers, odds systems for professional sports organized by the government, etc., which require reliability and experience. As a characteristic, the transactions made via Fujitsu are dominant, and so stable growth can be expected, although there are some short-term fluctuations. It is essential to secure "manpower," including subcontractors. West Japan Business This is a mini-CREO business that offers Solution Services and Contracted Development Services to clients in Nagoya and regions to the west of it. Stable growth can be expected. Systems Operation and Services Business This is the business domain of the consolidated subsidiary CoCoTo Co., Ltd. The company offers operation services, including the development, maintenance, and anti-hacking operation of server systems for portal sites and web services, to mainly the leading Japanese portal-site operator Yahoo Japan (4689) and its group companies. Previously, this business was operated by several group companies under the holding company, but they were integrated into CoCoTo Co., Ltd., which was established in Apr. 2016. Then, it became possible to exert the capability of the corporate group in marketing and development, and the company is making transactions with the group companies of Yahoo Japan. The company plans to boost sales from Yahoo Japan and approach its group companies, to expand its business. Support Services Business The company offers support services, including help desk and technical support services, and call-center services (making and receiving calls), including election exit polls, social surveys, and market research. A strength of this business is that the company offers technical services to loyal clients, including those related to Fujitsu and NEC, with a good balance. This business can be expected to grow stably, but it is necessary to secure "human resources." Accordingly, the company makes efforts to recruit foreign workers, too.
First Half of Fiscal Year March 2019 Earnings Results
Sales and operating income rose 10.7% and 411.1%, respectively, year on year. Sales increased 10.7% year on year to 6,181 million yen, and main businesses experienced double-digit growth. Sales in the Solution Services Business grew 13.5% due to orders for large-scale comprehensive solutions combining multiple products and services. Sales rose 21.6% in the Contracted Development Business after orders began to increase again, and 14.7% sales growth occurred in the West Japan Business, particularly for solution services such as "ZeeM." Orders for new large-scale projects and boosted average spending per customer increased sales in the Systems Operation and Services Business by 18.4%. Sales in the Support Services Business also grew 1.7% year on year, offsetting the decline in survey service orders from existing customers. In addition to the increase in sales, profitability improved, and operating income grew 5.2 times year on year to 152 million yen. The profit rate in the Solution Services Business (whose profit rose 61.4% year on year) increased 3.8 points to 12.3%, due to cost reduction and the contribution of highly profitable, large-scale comprehensive solutions. In the Systems Operation and Services Business (whose profit grew 83.1% year on year), the profit rate improved by 2.3 points. The West Japan Business (whose profit grew 35.5% year on year) performed well thanks to sales of package software, and profit rate improved by 1.3 points. In the Solution Services Business, deliveries of personnel salary and accounting solutions will be concentrated at the end of this term (end of the 4th quarter) in preparation for the switch taking place next term, and in the Contracted Development Business, system development for public offices that is contracted through the Fujitsu Group will have deadlines concentrated at the end of this term. Because of this, the company's performance will be weighted towards the 4th quarter. Additionally, although operating loss often occurs in the first quarter, this term the company recorded operating income due to receiving large-scale orders in the Solution Services Business. The Solution Services Business provides solution services, including the personnel salary and accounting solution "ZeeM." Sales were 1,491 million yen, and operating income was 183 million yen, up 13.5% and 61.4%, respectively, year on year. Both exceeded initial estimates. Sales grew due to orders for comprehensive solutions proposing combinations of products and services. Profitability also improved, due to cost reduction and increased sales of highly profitable product licenses centered on comprehensive solutions. The Contracted Development Business is a contracted systems development service for large companies, including the Fujitsu Group and Amano Corporation. Sales were 654 million yen and operating income was 114 million yen, up 21.6% and 17.0%, respectively, year on year. As a reaction of losing projects from major existing customers in the same period of the previous term, sales and profits increased, but fell short of initial estimates due to some projects being pushed into the second half. The West Japan Business provides contracted development services and selling in-house products and services to customers located west of Nagoya. Sales were 665 million yen, and operating income was 56 million yen, up 14.7% and 35.5%, respectively, year on year. Both exceeded initial estimates. Sales grew with improved profitability following an increase in the sale of solution services such as "ZeeM." The Systems Operation and Services Business includes system development, maintenance and operation services for operators of major portal sites in Japan. Sales were 1,169 million yen, and operating income was 78 million yen, up 18.4% and 83.1%, respectively, year on year. Both exceeded initial estimates. Sales increased with greater profitability accompanying large-scale orders from new customers and improved unit prices for orders from existing customers. The Support Services Business provides support services such as help desk and technical support, as well as call center services such as social surveys and market surveys. Sales were 2.2 billion yen, and operating income was 99 million yen, up 1.7% and 0.5%, respectively, year on year. Despite a decline in orders of survey services from existing customers in the first quarter, sales grew year on year, as per initial estimates. Profits rose due to cost reductions and other factors. Total assets at the end of the first half were 7,573 million yen, up 48 million yen from the end of the previous term. Cash and deposits increased due to securing free cash flow of 526 million yen (300 million yen in the same period of the previous term). Inventory and advances received also augmented, reflecting favorable orders. The capital-to-asset ratio was 69.8% (70.2% at the end of the previous term).
Mid-term Business Plan (FY 3/18 to FY 3/20) and Its Progress
【Basic policy Recognizable growth potential, Comprehensive capability of the corporate group, Stable return to shareholders, and Enhancement of corporate governance.】 In the first half of this term, sales of four out of the company's five businesses grew by over 10%. They raised operating income by 123 million yen, 5.2 times that of the same period of the previous term, showing the recognizable growth potential. By linking products together, they also actively developed proposal-based sales for comprehensive services, with the aim of increasing market share and exposing customers to a wider range of company products. This led to more orders for large-scale projects, and improved the comprehensive capability of the company group. In addition to launching the "CREO RPA Service," the company also made investments and worked on future services, that is, new business creation. 【Numerical goals and results】 In the term ending Mar. 2020, the company aims to achieve sales of 15 billion yen, an operating income of 1 billion yen, an ordinary income of 1,010 million yen, a net income of 680 million yen, and an ROE of 11.5%. Driven by the Solution Services Business, CREO will realize profit growth across all current businesses, and will use it as a capital to invest in new businesses. 【Schematic diagram of growth strategies and their progress】 Schematic diagram of growth strategies While increasing transactions with personnel affairs and management sections, which are existing contact points, the company aims to boost productivity in the specialty domains by offering services also to business administration and IT sections through the promotion of integrated solutions. In order to expand the ranges of clients and services based on these activities, the company renewed "the association of ZeeM users (personnel affairs and accounting sections)" only for ZeeM users as "the association of CREO users" for management, IT, and business sections and all users of CREO products. In addition, the company will cement the cooperation with Amano and strive to cross-sell CREO products, such as ZeeM, to users of Amano products, such as employment management systems, cross-sell Amano products to users of CREO products, and increase new customers by utilizing Amano products. Through these efforts, the company will reel in related customers and new ones, to operate global business in the long term and expand the customer base. Through new businesses and global operation expecting the coming of the digital era, the company will broaden its specialty domain and develop new business models. As for new businesses, the RPA service and AI-based management analysis have been already launched, and the company invested in the fund of the Tsukui Group, which leads the Japanese nursing-care industry, to facilitate open innovation. Progress Productivity improvement in the specialty domains As the company improved the competitiveness of integrated solutions combining existing products for personnel affairs, salaries, employment management, accounting, and BPM, and enhanced proposal-based marketing, it succeeded in receiving large-scale orders for multiple products and services (increasing the average spending per customer), and considerably increased the profit of the solution service business in the first quarter (Apr. to Jun.) of this term. The company also worked on offshore product development. Expansion of the bases for customers and services In the collaboration with Amano, the company posted sales comparable to the annual sales in the previous term in the field of product cross-selling in the first half. The sales of the system for personnel affairs and salaries of CREO to users of Amano products via Amano expanded, and the sales of employment management products supplied by Amano as an OEM contributed to the increase of new customers. It seems that the company received orders for the customization of parking systems, contracted development, etc. For expanding the customer base, the company held "CREO User's Forum 2018" targeted at member enterprises of "the association of CREO users" at Belle Salle Tokyo Nihonbashi on Oct. 26. The company invited over 200 CREO users related to the sections of IT, finance, accounting, personnel affairs, and business, and made efforts to increase engagement and introduce the solution concept of products and services. As a new activity, the company launched "CREO Integration-Platform for DX," which supports digital transformation (DX) in the cycle from (management) innovation to (business operation) improvement to co-creation. DX means that a company creates new value with new technologies, such as cloud computing, and establishes competitive advantages. As the objective of IT investment is shifting from the maintenance of existing systems for streamlining business operation, reducing costs, etc. to management innovation for creating new value by utilizing new technologies, such as cloud computing, social media, big data, and mobility, and establishing competitive advantage, the company will develop a new service structure while promoting the brands of products and services again. Creation of new businesses The company is developing RPA services and AI-based management analysis methods. In the third quarter (on Oct. 30), it invested in Tsukui Caretech Fund for facilitating open innovation. As for RPA services, the company offers services for internal control, such as the prevention of improper use of robots, and the sales measures focused on the development of RPA personnel, which began in the second half, are highly evaluated. In Oct., the company talked business with 25 companies, and plans to launch optional services by the end of Nov. As for AI-based management analysis, the company automates the analysis of factors that cause a gap between forecasts and results and the proposal for measures based on AI-based analysis logic. In preparation for the release in Jul. 2019, the company plans to offer a trial version in Jan. 2019. The investment in Tsukui Caretech Fund of the Tsukui Group, which leads the nursing-care industry, is not mere investment, but aimed at seeking businesses that would contribute to the reform of work style in the nursing-care field, by utilizing systems for personnel affairs, salaries, and employment management. Development of the foundation for global businesses On Nov. 1, the company concluded a basic agreement for capital and business tie-ups with a Vietnamese IT enterprise named Ominext Joint Stock Company (headquarters: Hanoi, Vietnam; representative director & president: Trần Quốc Dũng; hereinafter referred to as "Ominext"). Ominext is a rapidly growing startup firm, which has plenty of experience of developing medical and healthcare systems for Japanese enterprises and was listed in "Vietnam's 50 Leading IT Companies" selected by Vietnam Software Association for 3 consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. In addition to offshore development, the company plans to develop global personnel for future global business operation, proceed with collaborative research and development, engage in "reverse innovation," and so on, through personnel exchange and the establishment of joint ventures. Firstly, the company will secure engineers for meeting the demand inside Japan. In addition to the above-mentioned efforts, the company puts energy into the investment (recruitment and training) in "human resources," which are the most important assets for executing strategies. As for recruitment, the company has recruited new graduates steadily, and the number of new graduates scheduled to join the company in 2019 is 30, which is 1.5 times larger than that in 2018. It seems that the recruitment activities utilizing internship and SNS attracted students (Especially, SNS facilitated registration and communication with students). Since Oct. 2015, the company has been operating a Facebook page for recruiting new graduates, and in Mar. 2018, it created an account LINE@ for new graduate recruitment. As for personnel development, the company puts energy into the development of personnel who will lead digital transformation (DX), and emphasizes the mastering of skills for creating BtoB value, including design thinking and agile development for enterprises.
Fiscal Year March 2019 Earnings Estimates
No revision to the full-year forecast. Annual sales and operating income are estimated to increase 6.8% and 38.8%, respectively, year on year. Sales and profits in the first half were higher than expected, thanks to the contribution of large-scale comprehensive solution sales in the first quarter. There are no issues in particular to be concerned about, and the company is expected to perform well in the second half. However, because their performance is weighted in the 4th quarter, the status of orders needs to be ascertained at the end of the 3rd quarter. There may also be further expenses related to the hiring, securing, and training of staff. Due to these reasons, the company remained conservative and did not make any changes to the forecast. The company plans to pay a term-end dividend of 20 yen/share, up 5 yen/share from the previous term (with an estimated payout ratio of 41.6%). They will return to shareholders while balancing financial stability and growth investment by maintaining a payout ratio of 40% for dividends, and acquiring treasury shares by using an excess amount over 70% of capital-to-asset ratio as capital.
Due to the restructuring of the company group that took place in Apr. 2017, CREO changed their business model, and the company is beginning to see positive results. Before the restructuring took place, companies within the group that sold products would focus only on selling, and companies that provided solutions would focus only on those solutions. For this reason, in the first year after restructuring, during the first half of the term, the company worked on awareness reform and made efforts to propose solutions that utilized the company's products. With this approach, in addition to expanding the range of proposals, it has become possible to meet a wider range of user needs, and the way users view the company seems to have changed. As a result, CREO is now able to capture needs which they previously could not. In this situation, strong business performance can be expected to continue. Also, the records of business performance kept here will become the foundation for the "CREO Integration-Platform for DX," which supports digital transformation (DX), so there is greater potential for growth. In the second half, we would like to see CREO achieve their goals by maintaining the pace of the first half, and get a head start towards the next term.
<Reference: regarding corporate governance>
◎ Corporate Governance ReportUpdated on Jun. 28, 2018 Basic policy Our company believes that establishing appropriate corporate governance systems and striving to improve them constantly would improve the transparency and fairness of our business administration, and our corporate value. While considering that the observance of the corporate governance code would contribute to the establishment of our better governance, we will adopt the supplementary principles and the principles other than the basic 5 principles, too, one after another. The details of the already adopted principles are written in this report. <Reasons for Non-compliance with the Principles of the Corporate Governance Code (Excerpts)> As a company listed in JASDAQ, our company follows all of the basic principles of the corporate governance code. As for supplementary principles and the principles other than the basic ones that need to be disclosed and that are already followed by our company, they are outlined in the "Disclosure Based on the Principles of the Corporate Governance Code" below. <Principle 1-4 Disclosure of policies for strategically held shares> As for strategically held shares, we set policies for shareholding and exercising voting rights, and disclose them through the timely disclosure below. In principle, we will not hold new shares, and plan to reduce currently held shares step by step. Notification on the basic policy regarding strategically held shares and the state of shareholding https://www.creo.co.jp/news/n160729-2/ <Principle 3-1 Enrichment of information disclosure> Out of the items to be disclosed specified in this principle, "(i) Corporate vision (ethos, etc.), management strategies, and plans" are disclosed as follows. Corporate ethos and guidelines for action https://www.creo.co.jp/corporate/concept/ Mid-term business plan (FY 2017 to FY 2019) https://www.creo.co.jp/ir/plan/
This report is intended solely for informational purposes, and is not intended as a solicitation to invest in the shares of this company. The information and opinions contained within this report are based on data made publicly available by the Company, and comes from sources that we judge to be reliable. However we cannot guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the data. This report is not a guarantee of the accuracy, completeness or validity of said information and or opinions, nor do we bear any responsibility for the same. All rights pertaining to this report belong to Investment Bridge Co., Ltd., which may change the contents thereof at any time without prior notice. All investment decisions are the responsibility of the individual and should be made only after proper consideration.
Copyright (C) 2018 Investment Bridge Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
(9698) 株式会社クレオ
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MidOcean Partners, BRS and Management Announce Recapitalization of totes»Isotoner
NEW YORK, December 18, 2006 – MidOcean Partners (MidOcean) and Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill & Co. (BRS), two premier private equity firms, today announced the recapitalization of totes»Isotoner Corporation, a leading designer and marketer of branded functional accessories whose cold weather products, footwear, rainwear, and sunglasses are readily recognized throughout North America and Europe.
Upon completion of the transaction, MidOcean will own a majority stake in the company. BRS, an existing investor, and the current totes»Isotoner senior management team will continue to maintain a significant ownership position in the company.
Founded in 1923, totes»Isotoner today is a clear leader in brand awareness and recognition within the multi-billion functional accessories market. The company’s gloves, hats, scarves, umbrellas, slippers, and other products are marketed under the totes, Isotoner, Raines and ESNY names and are sold in more than 5,000 major department stores, mass merchants, drug stores, and specialty retailers in North America, the U.K. and France. The company also operates a network of over 100 owned outlet mall-based stores.
“totes»Isotoner fits squarely within our investment philosophy of investing in leading, high quality consumer brands with exceptionally strong management teams,” said Rob Sharp, a Managing Director at MidOcean. “We are very excited about this investment in a premier branded accessories business in North America which has the potential to become a truly dominant portfolio of global brands. There are tremendous growth opportunities to leverage these household brand names and we look forward to working with Doug Gernert and his senior management team and the team at BRS to capitalize on the company’s numerous opportunities.”
Thomas J. Baldwin, Managing Director of BRS, said, “We have been very pleased with the totes»Isotoner management team and the company’s strong performance since our initial investment in 2004. The company is well positioned to capitalize on the projected growth in the functional accessories category and we look forward to working with our new partners at MidOcean to realize the unique growth potential of these brands around the world and capitalize on the projected growth of the functional accessories category.”
Doug Gernert, who has led the totes»Isotoner management team for more than 10 years and will continue as President and Chief Executive Officer and also assume the role of Chairman of the Board of Directors, said, “We have made tremendous progress over the past few years as we enhanced the company’s sales and profitability. Our goal is to provide retailers with a single point of contact for their accessories needs and we will continue to leverage our strong relationships with existing customers to broaden our line and brand extensions, expand into new retail channels and expand internationally by building on our strong position in the U.K. and France.”
Mr. Gernert will work closely with MidOcean and BRS to identify selective add-on acquisitions. totes»Isotoner recently expanded its line of footwear products with the acquisition in October of ESNY, a leading supplier of sandals, flip-flops and slippers.
Credit Suisse advised totes»Isotoner and will provide financing for the transaction. Kirkland & Ellis LLP provided legal counsel to MidOcean and Dechert LLP provided legal counsel to BRS.
BRS, founded in 1995 and headquartered in New York, specializes in management buyouts and recapitalizations of high quality, middle market companies with strong market positions and/or growth potential. BRS currently manages approximately $1.2 billion of committed capital in two institutional private equity funds. The principals of BRS have worked together since the mid-1980s (originally at Citicorp Venture Capital) and have collectively invested in over 60 companies with a total value in excess of $12.6 billion. BRS currently has investments focused predominantly in the consumer products and services areas.
MidOcean Partners is a premier private equity firm focused on the middle market. Based in New York and London, MidOcean is committed to investing in high quality companies with stable market positions and multiple opportunities for growth in the United States and Europe. Targeted sectors include consumer and leisure, media and communications, business and financial services and industrials. MidOcean utilizes a broad foundation of expertise in its focus industries and its transatlantic platform to create value for its investors and partners.
BRS, Canyon and Black Canyon Complete Acquisition of Logan’s Roadhouse, Inc.
MidOcean Partners, Bruckmann, Rosser Sherrill and Management Complete totes Isotoner Recapitalization
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Home College of Information and Computer Sciences Unveils New Makerspace
College of Information and Computer Sciences Unveils New Makerspace
Student project by Stephen Ren and Parth Nagraj
On Monday, January 28, the College of Information and Computer Sciences (CICS) unveiled its new makerspace. The innovative new space, located in 2,970 square feet on the first floor of the Lederle Graduate Research Center, will provide aspiring makers in CICS with the materials and machinery they need to create physical projects.
The space includes a large classroom, a conference area, a lounge area, an electronics fabrication room, a parts room, storage lockers, a woodworking room, and a finishing room. It is expected to be outfitted with equipment such as 3D printers, laser cutters, circuit assembly machines, sewing machines, and woodshop machines.
Students, faculty, and former colleagues gathered at the unveiling to dedicate the space to Professor Emeritus Robin John Popplestone (1938-2004), an early pioneer in robotics and computer programming languages.
Popplestone, who was born and raised in the United Kingdom, became known for his research work in the mid-1970s on the "Freddy II" hand-eye robotic device at the University of Edinburgh. He joined the University of Massachusetts Amherst as a professor of computer science and director of the laboratory for perceptual robotics in 1985, staying until his retirement in 2001.
"With this dedication, we wish to honor Robin's impact on our department and the field of computer science," said Laura Haas, dean of CICS. "We hope that Robin's playfulness and joy in creating extends to all of the students who use this new makerspace."
One of the first courses scheduled to be taught in the makerspace is CS 290M: "Make: A Hands-On Introduction to Physical Computing," taught by CICS associate professor Rui Wang. Wang has been an integral part of the team working on the new space, which he describes as "a way to show off a person's innovation and creativity, as well as a place for different types of people to meet and discuss projects, such as engineers and business people."
Stephen Ren, a senior CICS honors student, took Professor Wang's course and was impressed by how it taught "valuable lessons in translating theory to practicability." Having access to equipment and hardware allowed him to "see" his code in new ways. In one exercise, students were taught to program LED rings to act as progress rings and use them to literally visualize the data stored in their data structures.
Ren's final project, jointly developed with fellow student Parth Nagraj, was a 16 by 16 LED matrix that could be used to display images and animations. While pleased with the final result they achieved, Ren believes that access to the new makerspace will help future students reach even higher. "When I was working on our project, the lack of access to appropriate resources--hardware or otherwise--was at times a hindrance," he said. "The new makerspace [should] be that venue where students or creators can uncompromisingly realize their creations."
Construction of the makerspace is complete and equipment is in the process of being purchased and installed. Students should expect to gain access within the next few months. It will join other makerspaces at UMass Amherst, including the College of Engineering's M5 Makerspace and MIE Innovation Lab, the 3D Innovation Center at W.E.B. Du Bois Library, and the College of Natural Sciences' Trimble Technology Lab.
Ph.D. Thesis Defense
Optimization and Training of Generational Garbage Collectors
Speaker: Nicholas Jacek
Neurodiversity Training
Rachel Adams and Ashley Woodman from Disability Services will provide an interactive overview on
Extended Virtual Presence of Therapists through Personal Robots
Speaker: Hee-Tae Jung
CS 150/151
Advisor: Sunghoon Ivan Lee
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Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers and Federal Marshals try to gain entry to an apartment building in New York in pursuit of a suspect. Richard Drew/AP
The Rise of 'Crimmigration'
Tanvi Misra
Law professor César García Hernández talks about how America built a legal system that targets immigrants for profit—and how to take it down.
At a conference organized by the Institute of Justice in Journalism this week, I attended a presentation by César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández, law professor at the University of Denver and author of the book Crimmigration Law. The term crimmigration, coined by legal scholar Julie Stumpf in 2006, refers to the complex nexus of immigration policy and policing that emerged in the U.S. after 1980. In his book, García explores the rise and consequences of this phenomenon, chronicling how a series of legislations stitched together criminal and immigration law practices, creating the current Frankenstein-like system that incentivizes immigrant incarceration.
First, some Crimmigration 101: The first couple of these laws cropped up during the Reagan administration; subsequent ones were enacted with the blessings of both the Republican and Democratic presidents that followed. Some explicitly addressed drug crime, and others, immigration. But they all sort of did both, leading to more overlap in the roles of law enforcement and immigration officers and greater coordination between them. They also introduced and expanded a broad category of criminal activity called "aggravated felony,” which for non-citizens can lead to immediate deportation (even for offenses like gambling or possession of anti-anxiety pills or small amounts of marijuana). Finally, these laws authorized pre-trial and mandatory detention—and reimbursed local and county governments for imprisoning immigrants.
Prosecutions for immigration-related crimes—mainly, for entering the country without documentation or reentering illegally after having been deported—started inching up in the 1980s. Since the 1990s, convictions for such crimes have exploded. Via the Pew Research Center (emphasis added):
Between 1992 and 2012, the number of offenders sentenced in federal courts more than doubled, rising from 36,564 cases to 75,867. At the same time, the number of unlawful reentry convictions increased 28-fold, from 690 cases in 1992 to 19,463 in 2012. The increase in unlawful reentry convictions alone accounts for nearly half (48%) of the growth in the total number of offenders sentenced in federal courts over the period.
Today, immigration-related offenses already comprise around 40 percent of federal criminal cases. That share has been much higher than drug-related, violent, or white-collar crimes in recent years:
Per Justice Department data, immigration-related crimes make up a higher proportion of federal prosecutions. (César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández)
Suspects of immigration-related crimes also make up 50 percent of those arrested and booked by federal law enforcement—again, that’s a much higher share than those who have committed other types of crime, according to the latest Bureau of Justice Statistics data:
According to latest Bureau of Justice Statistics data, those wanted for immigration related crimes comprise the highest share of the total suspects booked by U.S. Marshals. (César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández)
I caught up with García after his presentation to ask him a couple of questions about this phenomenon. Below are the highlights of our conversation, edited and condensed for clarity.
So, explain the idea behind “crimmigration”?
Historically, immigration and criminal law have been thought of as very separate from one another. The concept of crimmigration focuses on how and why these two traditionally separate areas of law have suddenly blurred to the point that it is hard to distinguish where one ends and the other begins.
What are the various components of crimmigration, broadly speaking?
The first is this idea that there are now an expanded number of crimes that can lead to immigration problems. The second piece is that there's an increase in the amount of migration-related activity that can, and frequently does, lead to prosecutions. The third is there are a lot more law enforcement practices that are uniquely harsh.
What was the political context behind the creation of this system?
The early- to mid-1980s was a period of time when large groups of migrants who came to the U.S. were very easily demonized, both because they were poor and because they were dark-skinned—people from Cuba, Haiti, and some other Caribbean nations, in particular. Large groups of Central Americans were [also] fleeing violence in that region, largely as a result of leftist political groups that had risen up in arms against repressive right-wing governments, many of which the U.S. supported.
Many prominent politicians in the U.S., including President Reagan, were trying to develop the law enforcement phenomenon that we now know as the War on Drugs. So they tapped into the growing concern about illicit drug activity and used it as a way of targeting migrants who were coming here. Many of these migrants were tagged with [the same rhetoric as] those within African American communities. Others were targeted as dangerous for other reasons. In one way or another, they all represented as danger to the way of life in the U.S.
But harsh actions against immigration took place prior to 1980s, too, right? I’m thinking of the mass deportation of Mexicans under President Dwight Eisenhower, for example, which Donald Trump has used as a model for his own deportation agenda.
You're referring to “Operation Wetback” in 1954. In its sheer ferocity and indifference to human suffering, Operation Wetback shares important characteristics with the rise of crimmigration law. There are three important differences, however. First, Operation Wetback was short-lived. It lasted through the summer of 1954. Its massive, indiscriminate roundups of people did not become the predominant feature of immigration law enforcement during the ensuing decades. Second, Operation Wetback was largely a single-agency initiative. Third, it was almost exclusively focused on removing people from the United States. Two policy axes characterize crimmigration law and policy: imprisonment and removal. With upwards of half a million people confined every year because of a suspected or confirmed immigration law violation, it is hard to say that imprisonment is anything but a core feature of the modern crimmigration law regime.
“In effect, much of the way in which Donald Trump claims he will enforce immigration law is an extension of what the United States government has already been doing.”
So where does Trump fit into the crimmigration story?
Donald Trump's rhetoric vacillates between deplorable and blatantly racist, but it is an extension of the rhetoric of migrant criminality that has dominated political conversations about immigration for decades. Republicans and Democrats have frequently grouped migrants into two camps: the good ones and the bad ones.
There is some disagreement about what constitutes a "good" immigrant. Is it enough to have family here, a high level of sought-after skills, or something more? But almost all mainstream Republicans and Democrats agree on what constitutes a "bad" immigrant—someone with a criminal history or gang affiliation. President Obama famously captured this sentiment when he explained that his administration's immigration enforcement tactics have been to target "felons, not families." The problem with this binary is that it’s too simplistic to capture the reality of human life.
Pinning down the substance of [Trump’s] policy proposals is anything but easy because he is short on concrete details. He says he wants to build a wall along the border with México. We currently have approximately 700 miles of wall. It might not be as beautiful as the wall that Trump promises, but it is a wall all the same. He says he wants to triple the number of ICE agents and hire an additional 5,000 Border Patrol agents. We currently have more immigration law enforcement agents than ever in the history of the United States. He says he wants to prioritize removal of criminals and gang members. So does President Obama. In effect, much of the way in which Donald Trump claims he will enforce immigration law is an extension of what the United States government has already been doing.
An ICE agent searches for felony suspect in Dallas, Texas, in 2015. (LM Otero/AP)
So crimmigration is a bipartisan thing. What are the repercussions of this system for immigrants and courtrooms?
The impact on immigrants themselves has been the hardest. It is far easier to end up in deportation proceedings. It is far more likely that once you're there, you will end up being deported. While your case is making its way through the immigration courts, you're more likely to end up behind barbed wire—maybe in the county jail, maybe in an immigration detention center run by a private company whose principal motivation is to make money.
What role do economics play in this?
The economic aspect of the widespread use of immigration imprisonment today is two-fold. First, we have the fact that most of the people who find themselves inside an immigration prison somewhere in the U.S. are from countries with which the U.S. has had a longstanding exploitative relationship.
The other component of this is the commodification of the people who are then brought within the focus of today's immigration law enforcement apparatus. People who are imprisoned for a suspected immigration law violation represent a lot of money for a lot of various interested parties. The most obvious of these is the private prison corporations that earn hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue annually in contracts that they have with government agencies.
County governments are the other major characters in this story. Many have built and owned prisons and jails that they then fill with immigration prisoners. For some of these counties, [these jails] represent extremely important sources of revenue. They tend to be fairly isolated and economically depressed, so prisons come to represent a public works and jobs program.
Do you think it’s possible to uncouple immigration and criminal law going forward—especially in the kind of divisive political climate we have today?
I think this is a trend that is certainly reversible. We have to remember that the law didn't drop down on us like manna from heaven. It was created by human beings. And we can find alternatives in the fairly recent past. If somebody engaged in criminal activity, they were investigated, prosecuted, and punished through the criminal justice system. That was true whether someone was a U.S citizen or not—there was no added penalty for people who were not U.S. citizens. That model is there and it was what we implemented for almost all of the 20th century.
And the U.S. thrived despite that. In fact, maybe the U.S. thrived because of that. We have a century's worth of studies that show that immigrants tend to commit less crimes than native-born citizens—they tend to make communities safer.
What about the argument that harsher crimes are warranted for people who are not U.S. citizens, because being a U.S. citizen is an earned privilege?
It's missing the reality that removing people from the U.S. means that you leave a gap in existing communities. That perspective also has a certain internal inconsistency, because most of us obtain our citizenship not because of anything we did, but because where we happened to be born. I obtained citizenship because I was born a few miles north of the Rio Grande River instead of a few miles south. And yet, these life-altering—and in some instances, life-ending—court decisions are not something I have to face.
@Tanvim
Tanvi Misra is a staff writer for CityLab covering immigrant communities, housing, economic inequality, and culture. She also authors Navigator, a weekly newsletter for urban explorers (subscribe here). Her work also appears in The Atlantic, NPR, and BBC.
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