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Home Industries Food & Agriculture Blackman keeps capital flowing at the food bank
Nonprofit & Education
Blackman keeps capital flowing at the food bank
Wendy Pierman Mitzel
CREDIT IS DUE: Lisa Roth Blackman, chief philanthropy officer at the Rhode Island Community Food Bank, and her team have been instrumental in raising the visibility of the nonprofit and its mission.
/ PBN PHOTO/RUPERT WHITELEY
2019 C-Suite Awards | CHIEF PHILANTHROPY OFFICER,NONPROFIT: LISA ROTH BLACKMAN | RHODE ISLAND COMMUNITY FOOD BANK
LISA ROTH BLACKMAN, chief philanthropy officer of the Rhode Island Community Food Bank, starts all her team meetings with good news. It’s always good news first.
“We all know there are challenges at work – that’s why we’re meeting,” she explained. “But if we can remember to celebrate our successes, it helps us work together to figure out the challenges.”
Over the past 17 years, Blackman has climbed the organizational ladder from a part-time communications role to an executive fundraising position at the nonprofit that distributes 200,000 pounds of food weekly to people in need.
“In high school and college, I had been very involved with volunteer hunger-relief efforts but hadn’t kept up with it in my early career. So I was thrilled to find the food bank opportunity,” she said.
Blackman often jokes that she has the easiest fundraising job “because people get it – you need healthy food to survive and thrive,” she said. “And too many families don’t have enough income to meet their basic needs – housing, food, health care, etc.”
Still, according to CEO Andrew Schiff, Blackman’s ability to raise the visibility of the food bank and its mission has been crucial.
“There are so many good nonprofits in Rhode Island; you really need to stand out. Lisa’s done this through creative events [such as] the Savor celebrity dinner with Jacques Pepin, and other extraordinary, innovative campaigns, as well as attention to stewardship,” he said. “If you’re a donor to the food bank, you feel your donation is important, and that’s what she does better than anybody.”
Schiff was quick to applaud Blackman’s eight-person team, too.
“She recruited an incredible group of people and they stay because of her. She does a tremendous job keeping the team focused,” he said.
Blackman said she was young and inexperienced when she began managing fundraising campaigns, so she followed a strategy to “hire smart people who are good at what they do, and listen to them.
“I want everyone on my team to feel that they have something to contribute because they do. I don’t know everything and I don’t have all of the ideas we need,” she said. “I rely on the expertise and experience of my colleagues to make the best decisions for the organization.”
Schiff said Blackman also developed a board of directors willing to devote time to the cause, even offering a matching-gift challenge to donors.
“People love knowing that their gift will go twice as far to help people in need,” Blackman said. “It really inspired the board to give more, knowing that they would be inspiring others to give.”
The Great Recession tested the fundraising skills of Blackman and her team as the need for the food bank grew and the ability of people to give shrank. In response, the food bank maintained its awareness campaigns and also developed a bigger online presence to reach a younger audience.
Another success story for Blackman’s team: the Nothing campaign, in cooperation with Providence advertising firm Nail.
“We never imagined that they would pitch the idea of making ‘nothing’ into a brand, and selling empty cans of Nothing in the grocery store as though they were a food item. I think they were shocked when we agreed to go along with it, and that Citizens Bank agreed to underwrite it,” Blackman said. “Almost as an afterthought, I suggested that we put a donation slit in the top of the can. To this day, we still get people dropping off cans of Nothing full of money, even though the campaign was in 2010 and 2011!”
Beyond the food bank, Blackman serves as the chairwoman of the Economic Progress Institute, a nonpartisan research and policy organization dedicated to improving the economic well-being of low- and modest-income Rhode Islanders. She is active at her temple and the school her two children attend, as well as getting involved in numerous political issues and campaigns.
Andrew Schiff
C-suite Awards
C-suite Chief Philanthropy Officer
Lisa Roth Blackman
PBN C-Suite Awards
Rhode Island Community Food Bank
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2019 40 Under Forty
See you tonight!
Contemporary home sells for $2M on East Side of Providence
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February 15, 2010 by brendanmstewart
Under The Dome: Stephen King’s Ham-Fisted Politics
Reading Stephen King’s latest novel, Under The Dome, is a lot like running a marathon. The experience is enjoyable, you’re glad you finished it, and it’s exhausting. Just holding this 1,072 page doorstop of a book is enough to get your arm muscles nicely toned.
As usual, the setting is small town Maine. His old standbys of Castle Rock and Derry have been replaced with Chester’s Mill, but it’s indistinguishable from any other small town in Stephen King’s Maine. What separates Chester’s Mill from all the other towns is an invisible dome that conforms perfectly to the surveyed margins of the town. This dome descends so suddenly that a small plane is suddenly sliced in two, creating the first casualties. Trucks and cars on the road out of and into town slam into the invisible barrier, people walking suddenly end up with broken noses. Worse, there seems to be some sort of energy field near the barrier that causes electronic devices with batteries to explode if they get too close, as the town’s chief law enforcement officer discovers when the pacemaker in his heart explodes out of his chest, killing him instantly. It is this death that allows much of what happens afterwards to proceed, as there is now a vacuum of leadership at the law enforcement level, a vacuum that is immediately filled by the town’s Second Selectman, the corrupt and murderous Big Jim Rennie.
Stephen King novels succeed or fail largely based on the caliber of the villain. The malevolent spirits in The Shining, the vampires in ‘Salem’s Lot, the shape-shifting demon Randall Flagg who pops up in several books but most famously in The Stand, Pennywise the Clown in It, and even the rabid St. Barnard in Cujo all made excellent villains and excellent novels. Conversely, the already dead aliens in The Tommyknockers, the pawn shop evil guy in Needful Things, the abusive husband in Dolores Claiborne, and the evil government agents of Firestarter were pretty lame, and the novels were equally bad. Add Big Jim Rennie to the latter category, but make him the exception that proves the rule.
Stephen King has always been a liberal or left-of-center guy, but he was always more interested in scaring you or giving you a good story than he was in beating you over the head with a political message. His one previous overtly political book, the anti-nuclear power novel The Tommyknockers is possibly the worst novel of his career, a novel so spectacularly uninteresting that it was barely readable. True, almost all of his novels have had a few political asides thrown in, and there was little doubt about which side of the political spectrum his heroes inhabited, but the sort of political hectoring that is found in Under The Dome is rare in King’s canon.
Maybe the eight years of the Bush presidency were simply too much for King, because Under The Dome‘s villains are devoutly Republican evangelical Christians who murder, rape, and operate the nation’s largest methamphetamine lab while quoting the Bible and racistly raging against the black man with the terrorist middle name who sits in the Oval Office. In case you don’t get the point, Big Jim Rennie even has a picture of himself with Sarah Palin prominently displayed on his desk. I have almost no doubt that King’s model for Rennie was some leftist cartoon version of Dick Cheney, right down to the heart condition.
For the hero of the novel, King writes the tale of Dale Barbara, a serviceman who is making his way through the world trying to rid himself of the terrible memories of torture and murder he witnessed American servicemen performing on innocent Iraqis in Fallujah. Iraqis who carried pictures of themselves with their wives and children, just to underscore that they were decent family men and not IED-planting bombers…not that it made any difference to those cruel American soliders who wantonly tortured and murdered them. Oh, buh-rother…can I get some cheese to go with that ham?
The other heroes include a minister who no longer believes in God, an older professor whose gray ponytail lets you know that he’s a Sixties type of guy, and the Republican editor of the local newspaper (helpfully called the Democrat). Fear not, though…whenever the editor speaks out for doing the right thing, or speaks against the corruption of Jim Rennie, or disapproves of the brown-shirt tactics of the newly recruited police force Dale tells her that she “doesn’t sound like a Republican.” Because, you know, Republicans are all in favor of murder, staged riots, brown shirt police force tactics, and corrupt politicians. Well, at least in Stephen King’s world.
The problem with Big Jim Rennie is not that he is insufficiently evil. He’s incredibly evil. The problem is that he’s a Left-wing cartoon of a Christian conservative, and he’s about as believable as Roger Rabbit. In fact, the small town of Chester’s Mill is actually a hotbed of sociopathic miscreants. Who could know that in a town of about 2000 people in Maine you would find so many people willing to murder, rape, and commit arson on the command of an overweight selectman with a bad ticker? And not only is Rennie the power behind the local government, he’s also the main operator of one of the largest meth labs in the entire nation, presided over by a strung out tweaker who…wait for it…runs the Christian music radio station where the meth lab is hidden and who also quotes the Bible in between pipe hits.
The Dome itself is almost secondary in the novel. It’s really just a device that allows this parable of how fascism can be generated by a crisis (if you’re thinking about Bush and 9/11 right now, you must have read the book). The resolution of The Dome is oddly perfunctory. The ending seems almost as if King was running out of typing paper and needed to wrap it up quickly. SPOILER: The Dome is generated by a device implanted by alien children who seem to be playing a game with the inhabitants of the town, similar to how young children will turn the sun’s rays against an ant hill with a magnifying glass. After attempts are made to breach the Dome from the outside with bullets, acid, and even a Cruise missile, the editor of the newspaper comes up with a brilliant idea. She simply begs the alien children to stop, and they say okay. The end.
Unfortunately, almost everyone in the town is dead by this point, courtesy of a massive fireball that was set off when the huge propane tanks fueling the meth lab were blown up. The fireball scorches everything in its way and leaves the air under the dome largely unbreathable. Of course, Jim Rennie escapes the fireball but dies choking on bad air and clutching his heart after being visited by the spirits of those people he killed. You can almost see King sitting at his computer, fingers flying over the keyboard, saying, “Yeah! Take that, Cheney!”
King fundamentally misunderstands the nature of fascism on a conscious level, but on an unconscious level, perhaps even King gets it. Jim Rennie seeks power with an undying thirst, but he explains to one of his henchmen that he seeks power in order to help the people. “Our job, Carter, is to take care of them. We may not like it, we may not always think they’re worth it, but it’s the job God gave us.” Frankly, this is close to the motivation behind every politician who feels that he or she knows better how to spend our money and legislate our lives than it does those who want a smaller, more limited government. Rennie is not speaking of the downtrodden or disenfranchised, he’s speaking of the entire town population. Indeed, his entire mission throughout the book is to immanentize the eschaton, and just like every other totalitarian in history, he seeks his own unique brand of perfection.
Further undermining the novel is the speed with which events take place. Chester’s Mill is a quiet suburban town where the people live their normal lives. Then the Dome comes down and the town devolves into a fascist dictatorship within the span of one week. Rennie’s actions to assume total control begin within hours of the Dome’s arrival, as if he never even considered that the Dome might disappear and he would be held to account for what he does. The townspeople, flush with plenty of food in the store, cell phone service, internet service and even electrical power in homes that have generators (not uncommon in the brutal winters of Maine), become a rioting mob within days. Apparently King’s lack of faith in human nature isn’t limited to Republicans. Far from calamity bringing people together, as 9/11 showed, King seems to believe that we’re one invisible wall and a few hours away from tossing aside hundreds of years of the Rule of Law.
Despite all of these criticisms, Under The Dome is actually a very enjoyable novel. It moves briskly, the plot is interesting, the protagonists are likable, and the villains, while not believable, are at least sufficiently rotten. The politics of the book are ham-fisted and clunky, and the resolution of the plot is lame…over a thousand pages into this thing and they simply ask the aliens to stop? And they do? But it’s a diverting page-turner, and King is a much better writer than most of the people out there plowing the same field.
This entry was posted in Books and tagged Stephen King, Under The Dome. Bookmark the permalink.
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November 3, 2014 by brendanmstewart
Jack Bruce, RIP
In my Junior year of high school, way back in 1980, my Spanish class had a Secret Santa for Christmas. We were all supposed to write our names on a slip of paper, put them in a box, and then draw names out of the box. Fortunately, my best friend and partner in all things music, Joe, sat next to me in that class. We had the slips of paper with our names but, rather than put them in the hopper, simply handed them to each other and then pretended to draw from the box. Neither of us wanted the obligatory bottle of cologne that would be presented by a girl, or whatever token gift one high school boy would give another. So when the time came, we exchanged presents. I gave him the LP Rainbow Bridge, by Jimi Hendrix. Joe gave me Cream’s Disraeli Gears. I can still vividly remember another of my friends complaining about the gift he’d gotten (of course, a bottle of cheap cologne). I’m sure he forgot about that gift long ago, but those two LPs Joe and I exchanged served us well for decades. I listened to Disraeli Gears until the grooves on the record were gone, and the album had to be replaced. I taped it and listened to it on a boombox whenever I had to do yard work the following summer. It became part of my DNA. I knew every note, every nuance. In May of 1982, Joe threw a beer bash at his house while his parents were away. We discovered that the day of the party also happened to be Cream bassist Jack Bruce’s birthday, so we posted up signs saying “Happy birthday Jack Bruce” and made sure that both Disraeli Gears and Wheels of Fire made it on to the turntable that night.
The soundtrack of my life during those years was huge, and varied, but Cream was one of the major players. I had all the albums, and went so far as to buy the huge poster that came with the first edition of the Goodbye album from my local record store, where it was stapled to the ceiling. Many years later, in 2005, Joe called me at work. He was talking to me in a very distracted way, mumbling and repeating, “Hold on…” before finally bursting out with “Got it! We’re going to see Cream at the Garden!” He’d been sitting at home, with two computers going, trying to get tickets. The concert was one of the best we’d ever been to, somewhat to our surprise. The band didn’t sound like three guys playing the music of Cream. They sounded like Cream. The three of them stretched out, with songs routinely crossing the eight-, nine-, or ten-minute mark. They played with the fluidity of the best jazz musicians and the fury of the best rock musicians. They were as locked in as any band I’ve ever seen, and they were louder than bombs. Nobody in the band had done anything as good as Cream in the 30+ years since the band’s breakup, but on this night it was like no time had passed. Eric Clapton was being forced to break a sweat for the first time in decades. Ginger Baker was a revelation, as good as he’d ever been, if not better.
The night, however, belonged to Jack Bruce. Two years earlier Bruce had a liver transplant, which meant that there were moments in the show where he sat down to rest. But his voice was as elegant as ever, a resonant tenor that added pathos to “We’re Going Wrong” and a withering intensity to “White Room.” His bass playing was equally remarkable. He played lightning fast runs on the bass, going toe-to-toe with one of rock’s greatest drummers and one of rock’s greatest guitarists.
Cream was a band of equals. Equal in skill, equal in ego, equal in ambition. It was a band that was never going to last because it was far too combustible. Bruce and Baker hated each other, though they were in awe of each other’s musicianship. All three members were also far too mercurial. Much like Jeff Beck or Neil Young, they were journeymen, too restless to ever be tied down for a long time. In many ways it’s a miracle Cream lasted as long as it did.
After the band split, Jack Bruce began an erratic solo career. He played free jazz with John McLaughlin on Things We Like and joined Tony Williams’s jazz fusion-oriented Lifetime. He released solo albums, and played with everyone from Frank Zappa and Lou Reed to Robin Trower and Leslie West. His jazz-influenced rock album I’ve Always Wanted To Do This paired him with the great jazz drummer Billy Cobham. It was released around the time I first got Disraeli Gears, and I bought it almost immediately.
Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker were jazz musicians. They played blues and rock, as well, but at the end of the day it was all about jazz for both of them. The intensity they brought to their extended musical improvisations when Cream performed live were revolutionary. They brought a level of musicianship to rock that demanded attention and respect.
Jack Bruce never matched what he did with Cream. He didn’t have to. He, along with the Who’s John Entwistle, changed the way bass players handled their instruments. Every jazz or rock bass player since Jack Bruce reflects his influence, consciously or unconsciously. He wrote some of the classic songs of the rock era: “Sunshine Of Your Love”, “White Room”, “Theme From An Imaginary Western”, among others. He was one of the greatest musicians in jazz, blues, or rock, a true virtuoso on his chosen instrument (and others he played equally well, like cello and piano), known for the complexity and speed he brought to his bass lines. He was an extraordinary singer, a difficult personality to deal with, too obstinate for his own good, too restless for his own career. He was a titan of the era of rock music. RIP.
This entry was posted in Music, The Listening Post and tagged Jack Bruce. Bookmark the permalink.
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One thought on “Jack Bruce, RIP”
Mike | November 3, 2014 at 8:07 am
One of the greatest bands ever. I’ve always been amazed three people could generate that much sound. Unfortunately, this is one of the bands from that era I never got to see.
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Singaporeans in a fascist state kept in line to please Chinese millionaires.
Singapore is a pure fascist state. Fascism is a political system where every pillar of power is controlled by a single dictator or an oligarchy, a situation which exists absolutely in Singapore.
To survive there one has to join the establishment, period. Any independent mind has no place in the island whatsoever.
The newspapers, one of the pillars of any free society is both owned and controlled by the establishment which requires that every single paper has to report only the government's line. Therefore people can only read what the government has decided for you. No investigative journalist can come along and report that Lee Kuan Yew's son is a queer even if true,
Newspapers are used to push government propaganda, government plans, and discredit and malign it's critics, if there are any left.
Teachers in schools are all government employees and ordered to ensure their students are politically obedient. Using the carrot and the stick principle, students who support and joint he government are given good jobs. Those who don't are victimized. As a result the knowledge that you can succeed only by worshipping the government line leads to students to actively be seen as government supporters.
Judges are carefully selected for their loyalty to the establishment. Those who go out of the way to harshly punish government critics and always defend government policies see quick promotions while those who don't are dismissed.
Lawyers who are connected to the establishment and volunteer their time at government organized grass roots organizations are given top jobs in top law firms and lucrative government contracts. Those who don't have to scrape a living doing poorly paid cases.
The police and civil servants are told to favor government supporters and deal harshly against those seen as non supportive.
The government through their large secretive network on the ground and from identity card information keep careful surveillance on every citizen in the island so much so that they know each and every citizen almost as well as he knows himself. This information is daily reported to the police and civil servants who go out of their way to deny privileges to contrarians and favor those who support them.
Singapore's large business community of small shopkeepers and stall holders, and big businessmen all know that their profits depend on their outward showing of support to the authorities. As a result they have either praise or nothing to say about anything political.
Several Indian businesses in Serangoon Road in the island display portraits of Lee Kuan Yew and his son on their premises, thereby making doubly sure that there is no doubt as to whom they support. In reality of course, these businessmen not only have no knowledge of politics, and neither do they care one way or another.
The average Singaporean is even careful what he says to whom, out of fear that anything said which is derogatory of the powers up there can land them in big trouble. So why court danger for nothing.
In the end, this sort of island wide conformism leads to a very quiet uneventful society. The only people doing any thinking are those at the very top, by which I mean, Lee Kuan Yew's son and his trusted lieutenants, most of whom are related to him (nepotism) who make the policy and hand it down the hierarchy for the press to report it and the civil servants to obediently enforce it. As far as the average citizen is concerned, he has nothing much to do except obey whatever is thrown at him on a daily basis. His views are irrelevant, unless of course it is the same as that from the top.
Reading the main state controlled newspaper the Straits Times is like reading a company bulletin. It tells us what new policies have been implemented, who has gone to jail, who has been promoted and who demoted and the latest message from Lee Kuan Yew's son on the virtues of hard work. Other than that there is nothing much more.
It is a life where you have no choice but to sit back and wait for what next is being done in your name. And people just breeze through their lives, day after day, just waiting to be told what next to do.
The reason for the oligarchy's preference for such a regimented obedient society is two fold. One is obvious. If the people are forced to obey, it makes the hold on power by the oligarchy much more secure. An empowered demanding and engaged population would be risky for the rulers.
Second, the Chinese millionaires who park their money in Singapore after embezzling Chinese state owned corporations need a country which is stable without the uncertainly of democracies and changes in the power structure.
Realizing this fact, the government of Singapore ensures that they alone will stay in power, their policies will be the same as before with no changes, the workers will be kept on a tight leash and obedient, and there won't be any calamity or catastrophe whatsoever. These are ideal conditions for any investor but not so ideal for anyone with a head on his shoulders or a conscience in his heart.
The millionaires in Singapore are by the way, only third rate, mostly Chinese crooks who have just cheated state-owned companies. They come to Singapore mainly because Chinese is spoken there, and they can feel at home. There are very few Americans looking for low tax jurisdiction in the island as the new laws in the US make it unprofitable to cheat the US taxman. I know there are some similarly crooked Indian millionaires but other than these two nationalities, both equally crooked, I don't think there are many other nationalities there.
All said, it is a society which caters to the rich, with the Singaporean seen only as their servants to pamper their needs. Singapore itself does not produce great thinkers, scientists or even great businessmen. Anyone seen today with any ability is probably a foreigner running a large bank or big business. It does not cater for those who have big dreams to make a castle out of their own will and their own spirit. This is not possible in Lee Kuan Yew's Singapore, a fascist state controlled by the Lees for the last 52 years since independence.
A Singaporean in Exile
Fremont, California, USA
Irene Puah Siew Hoon said...
You are correct about the attraction of Singapore to Chinese millionaires and their ill-gotten assets. However, the very big question is: how long will the Lee party in Singapore last? Once LKY is no more, things could unravel very rapidly.
Sun Mar 09, 03:27:00 AM PDT
Singapore wants obedient compliant citizens.
Decades of repression by one party Singapore dicta...
Singapore. The results of a You-Listen-To-Me-Or-El...
MH 370. A damning indictment of Malaysian military...
Lee Kuan Yew's Singaporeans, a subjucated people. ...
Lee Kuan Yew's Singaporeans, a subjucated people
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 wing probably ripped ...
Singaporeans in a fascist state kept in line to pl...
Singapore. Absoutely disgusting story of people si...
Singapore is just waiting for racial violence
Singapore's useless "lawyers"
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Champion for the Poor
First J.D./Ph.D. student in Social Ecology inspired by personal experience to study wage theft
Matthew Fritz-Mauer says he’s either a pioneer or a guinea pig, depending on who you ask. He was the first student to embark on a concurrent degree program within UCI’s School of Social Ecology and the School of Law.
Today, as Fritz-Mauer finalizes his dissertation on wage theft, he says both the Department of Criminology, Law and Society and the law school were extremely supportive as he paved a new path, alternating years between the two programs.
“It seemed like my dream program,” he says of the opportunity to pursue both his J.D. and a Ph.D. in after majoring in criminal justice at the University of Delaware. “There are things I want to know about the world, and things I want to say about the world,” explains Fritz-Mauer. “For some the law degree is better and for others the Ph.D. is better.”
After completing his first year of law school and researching public defenders for his second-year project in criminology, law and society, a personal crisis led Fritz-Mauer to pivot. An employer at an Orange County farm flat out refused to pay his girlfriend, Chelsea Barker, for three weeks of work. The employer sent strident emails insisting he would not pay.
Being denied several hundred dollars caused the couple stress, but it was the injustice that completely infuriated them. Could anyone do this and simply get away with it? Fritz-Mauer was fortunate. He had access to legal expertise at UCI, his cousin was an attorney, and when their case went to trial, Barker fit the picture-perfect stereotype of an all-American girl on the witness stand: a slim green-eyed brunette with a slight Southern accent.
After 14 months of frustration, Barker, who is now married to Fritz-Mauer, won her lost wages and had her legal fees paid. In the surge of relief and triumph came a hard realization for Fritz-Mauer: their experience of recouping lost wages was the exception, not the rule.
Researchers estimate that minimum wage violations, like what Barker experienced, cost low-wage workers $15 billion per year, and the overwhelming majority of these workers aren’t able to recover their wages. “Legal knowledge is really about access to power,” says Fritz-Mauer. “If you have even a little bit of legal knowledge and can figure out how to access the systems upon which our society is built, you are in a better position.” While Fritz-Mauer was equipped to navigate the system, most low-wage workers are not.
Raised by a social worker mother and a lawyer father in Takoma Park, Maryland, Fritz-Mauer grew up with an interest in social justice issues. But the turn of events with his girlfriend brought workers rights into sharp focus.
Fritz-Mauer started volunteering with the United Farm Workers, and coordinated the wage theft clinic at the UCI School of Law. There, he worked with Orange County day laborers who had been denied their wages. By filing mechanic’s liens on the projects, Fritz-Mauer and his peers were able to get almost all of their clients paid.
Within the Department of Criminology, Law and Society, he also shifted his research to examine wage theft. “We view wage theft as an individual problem, but it has devastating effects on a person’s life,” says Fritz-Mauer. “I would like to share the story of working class people in this country to draw attention to the real issues they face and problems with how we’ve structured our society.”
In 2017, Fritz-Mauer moved to Washington, D.C., to clerk for Harry T. Edwards in the US Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, where he worked on a wide variety of cases involving civil, criminal, and agency law. The D.C. Circuit was the center of action -- a place where people like James Comey and Rod Rosenstein stopped by for informal Q&A sessions with the clerks.
Fritz-Mauer decided to stay in the nation’s capital to complete his dissertation research because D.C. passed the most comprehensive anti-wage theft laws in the country. Interviewing about 60 workers, activists employment attorneys, Fritz-Mauer has discovered that wage theft takes many different forms, but the impact is often devastating. While some of the people he’s met are owed tens of thousands of dollars, the majority of cases are about smaller hardships that take a huge toll.
“If you’re living week to week, keeping everything together with a hope and a prayer, and you have $50 stolen from your paycheck, you have to navigate hard choices: pay the water bill, buy food for your family, or be late on rent,” says Fritz-Mauer. “These are the stories I’ve heard over and over again, that wage theft creates these cascading harms.”
“These stories are intolerable, and the way we’ve tried to deal with it as a society is completely unacceptable,” he says. Fritz-Mauer says he hopes by systematically synthesizing the information, he can help push toward meaningful, impactful policy.
“A lot of people have no idea what it’s like to be poor in this country,” he says. “Overwhelmingly, the people I’ve spoken with work hard and believe in the American dream. They are not lazy, and although many lack formal education, they are not stupid. Yet they have not succeeded by America’s standards.”
Armed with his law degree and soon with his doctorate, Fritz-Mauer aims to bring attention to the struggles of low-wage workers and, in particular, social structures that work against them -- first as a practicing attorney and eventually as an academic.
“I’d like to push for a greater understanding of what it’s like to be poor in this country,” says Fritz-Mauer, “And push for policy that can actively address this injustice.”
Forged through the strife of his personal experiences, Fritz-Mauer’s work holds the potential to make him a true pioneer, not just for the School of Social Ecology, but for impoverished workers everywhere.
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Driven by love: Brother’s illness inspires student to pursue medical career
By Rhea Maze
Jada Boyd spent most of her ninth-grade year at the hospital with her older brother, who suffered from a severe liver disease and potentially cancerous colon polyps. She was with her brother throughout his serious illness, a liver transplant and, eventually, his full recovery.
During many days and nights at Children’s Hospital Colorado, the teenager watched her brother’s primary doctor in awe.
“She and her team cared about our family and had a meaningful relationship with us,” recalled Boyd, from Aurora, Colo. “I knew then that I wanted to become a doctor to provide that for others.”
Six years later, Boyd is a CSU junior majoring in biomedical sciences, with medical school in her sights. Her capabilities as a young scientist recently gained national kudos, when Boyd became the only college student from Colorado to earn an award at the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students in Seattle.
Award-worthy cancer research
Biomedical sciences student Jada Boyd practices piano in the Lory Student Center. The aspiring physician has been an active community volunteer and member of Premedica Club.
Boyd conducted undergraduate research in cancer; she was among more than 1,700 college students from across the country to present research findings at the conference, sponsored by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences in November. She was honored for an outstanding presentation in cancer biology, with an award sponsored by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Boyd’s achievements exemplify what can happen when talented minority students receive opportunities and encouragement in STEM disciplines – an important effort at CSU and at other research institutions nationwide.
“It was a big deal,” Juan Lucas Argueso, Boyd’s mentor and an assistant professor in the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, said of her success. “The quality of the presentations at the conference was very high. This was an impressive and well-deserved achievement for Jada.”
Boyd used yeast cell models to investigate mechanisms responsible for chromosome translocations, which are abnormalities caused by rearrangement of chromosome parts. This relocation of genetic material is commonly seen in cancer cells. So understanding how translocations occur could be central to preventing some cancers.
Researching mechanisms in translocations is “kind of like uncovering the behind-the-scenes work of a magic trick,” Boyd said.
“Studying mutations allows us a glimpse into the deep inner workings of cancer,” she said. “I see this research as contributing to a better understanding of how mutations occur, which could eventually help us learn to prevent or minimize them. And since cancer effects so many people, this research is crucial and close to my heart.”
Boyd started her research efforts by volunteering in a laboratory that studies the use of specialized radiation in cancer treatment. From there, she earned a Cancer Research Summer Fellowship from the University of Colorado Cancer Center and began working in Argueso’s research laboratory alongside Victoria Harcy, a doctoral candidate in the CSU Cell and Molecular Biology program.
“It’s been neat to watch Jada gain understanding, confidence, and independence in the lab,” Harcy said.
Boyd, in turn, compliments her mentors: “They helped me stay on this path, even when it got hard and I had moments of doubt – and I’ll never forget that.”
A future in helping people
The biomedical sciences student will graduate with a bachelor’s degree in December, then expects to move on to medical school.
“My parents taught me that by helping one person, you can help a lot of people,” Boyd said. “That’s what I’m most looking forward to about being a physician. No matter what type of medicine I go into, I want to build positive relationships with my patients and provide great care. People trust medical professionals and come to them baring all – and being able to figure out how best to help someone is the most gratifying thing in the world.”
Read more about Boyd’s research here.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesDepartment of Biomedical SciencesDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences
Rhea Maze
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Welcome to Spandex – super-heroes with a difference!
From the creator of The O Men (www.comix.org.uk/theomen), Spandex is a brand new super-drama with a very unique spin. And even if you have heard what it’s about, it’s really not what you might expect – trust me…
You can contact the creator Martin at martrpeden@yahoo.co.uk
nic, on November 18, 2009 at 11:22 pm said:
i love the picture of the 50ft lesbianxxx
She’s coming to getcha hehe
neil burke, on November 19, 2009 at 9:37 am said:
this is such a cool idea. liberty seems awesome. more comics need transvestite members. awesome. going to look for this in the comic store i frequent i think.
Thank you!! Liberty sends kisses
Jon John, on November 20, 2009 at 6:33 pm said:
Just received my copy in the post. ABSOLUTELY LOVE IT!!!!! Im only gonna read it once though, then away it goes back in the envelope along with my special little doodle of ‘Glitter’ from Martin to keep it safe forever and ever! I’ll definately be ordering EVERY copy! is there a way that i can set up an order for it or have an email reminder every time a new issue is about to ‘come out…….’ so that i dont ever have to miss an issue? xxx
Oh gosh, thanks so much Jon – I’m so glad you liked it! Just stay tuned to the Facebook ‘Spandex Comic’ page or to this site to find out new Spandex developments. I’ll let you into a secret – I was hoping to just go straight into a Spandex book late next year, but I’m thinking of releasing a second issue early in the new year, because I am so excited about Spandex! 🙂
nestan, on November 23, 2009 at 6:47 am said:
your father the devil! refer to God and Repent!
Tiger Boy, on January 4, 2010 at 12:52 am said:
Please don’t say that…
God loves us just as we are…
Shmily, on November 28, 2009 at 2:32 am said:
Hi, I see through your website. First of all I’m sorry for some of the unpleasant comments from people who think that they speak up on behalf of God or Lord Jesus Christ. I just want to say that God loves you all and He is real and exist. I’m not a pro gays but also I don’t hate them. I have one friend who is gay also…. But let God speaks His words to open each person’s heart. God bless you Martin, U have been given an awesome talent. I wish I can draw as good as you 🙂
Gundosofy, on November 28, 2009 at 11:00 pm said:
Aloha! nlt
heather, on December 3, 2009 at 8:37 pm said:
I’m not religious, so the whole idea of gay superheros is fine by me, but this is just so cliche-ridden and frankly slightly offencive that I’m afraid I don’t agree with it. However, it’s what you want to do, so I’m not going to have a go or anything. Good luck with it 🙂
martineden1974, on December 3, 2009 at 8:41 pm said:
How would you say it is cliche ridden and offensive Heather? Have you read the actual comic?
Nikki, on June 21, 2010 at 11:20 pm said:
Maybe she hasn’t read the real comic, but look at your own words :
‘Has the power to absorb the skills and abilities of any gay person – so that could mean taking the powers of a team-mate or enemy – or just learning how to throw a fab dinner party’
Any gay person? Not just any person or any human? A fab dinner party? Because, you know, that has everything to do with being gay.
‘Gaydar – like Spider-sense but gayer’
Okay, I don’t even need to expand on that one. That’s just ridiculous, honestly.
massakallaman, on December 18, 2009 at 10:45 am said:
oh my god! its great! were i can buy it?
martineden1974, on December 18, 2009 at 11:52 am said:
Hiya!
Thanks! It’s in some comic shops around the UK – Dave’s in Brighton, OK Comics in Leeds, Forbidden Planet – but you can buy a copy with Paypal if you go to the ordering page, or you can also buy a PDF which I can email to you.
ciaran, on January 15, 2010 at 7:28 pm said:
OMG!! loved the comic!! cant w8 for the next issue! wish i had the ability to draw more than stick ppl.
ignore the religious rhetoric, if god was against homosexuals then i’m pretty sure he wud have made jesus have female disciples.
also RoHo has the best people go here!! haha
martineden1974, on January 15, 2010 at 8:47 pm said:
Aww thanks so much. That means a lot 🙂
I’m sorry to be a downer, but what the hell are you trying to do by making this comic?
Look, if a superhero is gay, he’s gay, but this is the most cliche and frankly totally ignorant and offensive thing that I have ever read. I don’t think you’re doing a good thing for LGBT people at all, no matter how much you think you are.
Honestly, this whole idea is just ridiculous. The first thing I thought when I heard of you was that this was a total hoax, because nobody should be ignorant enough to write such a thing.
Really, all you’re doing is enhancing the view that gay people are required to act a certain way, and I think you really need to take a look around and ask yourself if you really want to spread this idea of gay people as flamboyant, pink people who only care about ‘how to throw a fab dinner party’ and fashion.
Clementine Pumpernickel, on July 4, 2011 at 9:17 pm said:
Oh, I would probably say that some of the Westboro homophobic discourses are more offensive than this, or anti-holocaust propaganda. I mean, those Westboro boys organise anti-gay rallies on a website called god hates fags– I’m not sure they’d change their mind if Mr Eden released a comic called “totally normal gay superheroes do totally normal superhero things, like normally”. The superhero genre isn’t exactly known for its subtlety.
Gay people have been happy to embrace flamboyance for years.I mean –side-stepping the old dilemma of whether or not it is better to reject a stereotype or embrace it, subvert it, and neutralise it– it seems to me that Martin Eden is channelling a lot of influences, not just doing a superhero version of ‘Queer Eye’. You detect rampant stereotypes; I see an art style that combines the Britishness of Paul Grist with the pop art sensibilities of Mike Allred.
martineden1974, on July 4, 2011 at 9:20 pm said:
Sian, on May 10, 2011 at 4:49 pm said:
I throw a fabulous dinner party and I am quite pink but frankly my fashion sense leaves a lot to be desired. I would love to be flamboyant but I have a natural aura which makes people think I hate them or I’m going to jump off a bridge. Is it ok if I pick and choose my qualities from your gay bible Martin? I’m not sure I can follow all your instructions. xxx
martineden1974, on May 10, 2011 at 6:10 pm said:
You are most welcome, Sian, do not worry x
Daniel, on May 24, 2011 at 5:45 pm said:
The people saying that Spandex is full of stereotypes obviously haven’t read it – the characters are full-formed individuals who aren’t just obsessed with parties and whatnot. The copy used here and on press releases is obviously marketing speak intended to grab attention. Indeed, I think the book challenges the stereotypes and challenges the expectations of heterosexuals like myself who are bombarded by representation of camp asexual gay males by TV and film.
And with all that in mind, the stories are bloody good too!
martineden1974, on May 24, 2011 at 10:27 pm said:
You hit the nail on the head! Some people felt the characters were stereotypes from the news reports – but when you’ve just got a few words to sum up a character in a press release, it’s really hard not to generalise.
Lord Jimsicle, on June 24, 2012 at 10:32 am said:
Hey dude, loving the Spandex goodness! Also thanks for letting us interview you at Kapow!
Lord Jimsicle, YHI
martineden1974, on June 24, 2012 at 10:46 am said:
Alex Hooper-Hodson, on July 14, 2014 at 4:25 pm said:
I met you at Comicon in London a few months back and your book looked great. You convinced me to pick up the first 3 issues of Spandex. I have a massive backlog of comics to read so only just started on the first issue. Just wanted to say it’s really good and very glad I came across it. Thanks and keep up the good work!
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Poisoned: Professor Benedict’s New Book Recounts Deadly E. coli Outbreak
Hannah King · May 13, 2011
Southern Virginia University Distinguished Professor of English and best-selling author Jeff Benedict’s new book, “Poisoned: The True Story of the Deadly E. coli Outbreak that Changed the Way Americans Eat,” goes on sale next week.
According to Benedict, he conducted over 250 on-the-record interviews and researched thousands of pages of documents to find the behind the scenes account of the deadly 1993 E. coli outbreak that resulted from undercooked hamburgers at the fast-food chain Jack in the Box.
Benedict chose this case after speaking with Bill Marler, a lawyer who represented victims of the Jack in the Box outbreak.
“I realized that this case has had an enormous significance on a lot of the policy surrounding food safety today,” said Benedict. “It started with this case.”
The outbreak caused severe illness in hundreds of children across the country and killed four. Beyond that, Benedict’s book tells the story of Marler’s fight for food safety and the Jack in the Box executives who devised new industry safety standards that went beyond those of other restaurant chains.
According to Kirkus Reviews, “[Benedict], who holds a law degree, fashions the book like a police procedural, keeping the beat with quick cuts to the major players—parents waiting by their dying children’s bedsides, lawyers and corporate executives. With accounts of his firsthand interviews and observation, Benedict provides a powerful reminder that food safety is a matter of life and death.”
Benedict said that he chose to write on the Jack in the Box outbreak because it was a “blockbuster story” that contained characters that were “colorful and compelling.” Though his primary goal was to write an intriguing story, he also hopes that, because of the nature of the story, readers will think more seriously about their food choices.
“My goal was to write the best story I’ve ever written,” said Benedict. “In this case, it’s fortunate that the story is about something that surrounds all of us. Everybody eats every day. As a parent, your kids eat what you buy. If you’re not picking carefully, they could suffer the consequences.”
Poisoned is published by Inspire Books. It is available at the university bookstore and on Amazon.com.
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What is the current Job Outlook for a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service?
The job outlook for Occupations in Food and Beverage Service is considered Below Average because:
2. Hourly wages ($10.23) are below the average ($18.07), and the rate of wage growth is close to the average.
3. The unemployment rate (7%) is close to the 2004 average (7%).
Career Related Questions
What is a day in the life of a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service like?
What education do you need to become a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service?
What is the future Job Outlook for a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service?
Your job outlook will continue to be Below Average because: 1. The employment growth rate will likely be above... more
How much does a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service make?
The average hourly wages for Occupations in Food and Beverage Service is $10.23/HR, which is below average for... more
What is the currently unemployment rate for a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service"?
7% of Occupations in Food and Beverage Service are unemployed. This rate is close to the average for intermediate... more
How many Occupations in Food and Beverage Service are employed part-time?
54% of Occupations in Food and Beverage Service are employed only on a part-time basis. There were 261,500 workers... more
How many Occupations in Food and Beverage Service are self-employed?
Roughly 0% of Occupations in Food and Beverage Service are self-employed. This is considered Below average for the... more
What is the average age of a Occupations in Food and Beverage Service?
The relatively high percentage of younger workers suggests more entry-level positions and jobs that may serve as... more
A Day in the Life of a Nuclear Engineer
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Schooling needed to become a Pastor
Pros & Cons of becoming a Co-Pilot
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The Finance Council is a consultative body to the Pastor. They assist the Pastor with advice and help in the financial aspects of parish and school life. They have the challenging work to plan and review an annual budget, set proper tuition rates, allocate resources, increase revenue and cut costs. They play a key role in our growing commitment to being good stewards. The council consists of the Pastor, Principal and appointed members.
The Pastoral Council serves as an advisory group to the pastor. Their purpose is rooted in the Mission of the Parish and discernment into the opportunities and challenges to that Mission in light of present times. Once invited onto the council, each member serves for a three year term. At the discretion of the pastor, members may have their term extended by one additional three year period.
Members of the Parish Pastoral Council are to be active parishioners in good standing, whose foremost priority is the development of a company of faith that fosters Stewardship, Fellowship, and Good Worship. The council consists of 6 to 12 members.
Founded on March 29, 1882 by Father Michael J. McGivney, assistant pastor of St. Mary's Church in New Haven, Connecticut, the Knights of Columbus serves as a fraternal benefit society founded on the principles of charity, unity and fraternity. The Knights render financial aid to members and their families and mutual aid and assistance are offered to sick, disabled and needy members and their families. Social and intellectual fellowship is promoted among members and their families through educational, charitable, religious, social welfare, war relief and public relief works. Men 18 years of age and older may join the Knights.
Fr. Ryan Council #5036, located at 9090 Old Bustleton Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19115 serves St. Cecilia Parish. For information on the Knights and to become a member, you are welcome to contact the following at fatherryancouncil@gmail.com. You are also welcome to view our Facebook Page at https://www.facebook.com/Council5036
Grand Knight, Dave Montvydas
Deputy Grand Knight - William Schmitt
District Deputy - Clinton Snyder
Membership Chairman - Domenic Marzullo
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‘Our country is dying’: Guaido envoy urges international community to help Venezuela reclaim its freedom
Venezuelan opposition leader and National Assembly Leader Juan Guaido speaks during a press conference with international media at Centro Plaza on June 17, 2019 in Caracas, Venezuela. Our country is dying, our people are dying, and the international community is increasingly alarmed with what they are seeing. When asked whether she feared the failed uprising would represent the beginning of an enduring political stalemate in the crisis-stricken country, Neumann replied: “No. Our country is dying
‘Our country is dying’: Guaido envoy urges international community to help Venezuela reclaim its freedom Cached Page below :
Company: cnbc, Activity: cnbc, Date: 2019-06-26 Authors: sam meredith
Keywords: news, cnbc, companies, guaido, help, maduro, urges, international, freedom, dying, political, president, envoy, neumann, community, venezuela, country, reclaim
Venezuelan opposition leader and National Assembly Leader Juan Guaido speaks during a press conference with international media at Centro Plaza on June 17, 2019 in Caracas, Venezuela. Matias Delacroix | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Venezuela’s internationally-recognized government believes there is still reason to be hopeful when it comes to dislodging President Nicolas Maduro from power. “Things are advancing. There is a strategy that is advancing,” Vanessa Neumann, the chief diplomat in London for Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido, told CNBC in an exclusive interview. She did not go into specific details about the National Assembly leader’s plans over the coming months. The South American country is in the midst of one of the Western Hemisphere’s worst humanitarian crises in recent memory, with some 4 million people having fled the country since 2015 amid an economic meltdown. A protracted political stand-off has thrust the oil-rich, but cash-poor, country into uncharted territory — whereby it now has an internationally-recognized government, with no control over state functions, running parallel to Maduro’s regime.
Our country is dying, our people are dying, and the international community is increasingly alarmed with what they are seeing. Vanessa Neumann Official representative of Juan Guaido to the U.K.
Guaido assumed a rival interim presidency in January, citing Venezuela’s constitution, and denounced Maduro’s government as illegitimate after he secured re-election last year in a vote widely criticized as rigged. Guaido has since been recognized by more than 50 countries, including the U.S. and most Latin American and European countries. However, Maduro has refused to cede power. And, crucially, he still has the broad support of the military. “Maduro has not accepted the situation, but other countries have,” Neumann said, before adding that there was a growing sense that the “international community is coalescing at least around a diagnosis of the problem.” “They are starting to realize that this regime is criminal.”
‘None of us have accepted the status quo’
On April 30, Guaido appeared outside one of the most important military installations in the capital city of Caracas flanked by defecting soldiers and said “the time is now ” for Venezuela’s armed forces to turn on their embattled commander-in-chief. The dramatic pre-dawn declaration appeared to symbolize an extraordinary watershed moment in the country’s political history. “I remember saying to my friend at the time … It’s happened, we are free,” Neumann said, as she tearfully recalled what many believed would come to mark Maduro’s downfall. As it turned out, most of the military top brass remained loyal to their socialist president and Guaido’s attempt to trigger a nationwide uprising failed.
When asked whether she feared the failed uprising would represent the beginning of an enduring political stalemate in the crisis-stricken country, Neumann replied: “No. I am optimistic. They can’t hold much longer.” “It is perfectly clear that none of us have accepted the status quo. Our country is dying, our people are dying, and the international community is increasingly alarmed with what they are seeing.” “Diplomatically, we really need the international community to help us reclaim our freedom,” Neumann said. In the weeks after April’s failed rebellion, which was described by Maduro as a U.S.-orchestrated coup, many opposition lawmakers in the country have lost their parliamentary immunity and some have been arrested. Guaido has also lost his parliamentary immunity but has so far not been jailed.
Free and fair elections
Venezuela’s inflation rate fell under 1 million percent in May, after peaking above 1.3 million percent the previous month, nearly a year after Maduro instituted attempted reforms in August 2018 that cut five zeroes off the currency and prices. The largest note in circulation had been 500 bolivars, which is now reportedly not enough to buy a piece of candy. Officials in Venezuela blame the inflation crisis on U.S. sanctions that has restricted its ability to sell oil. Critics, though, say economic mismanagement and an oversupply of currency have been the main issues. Last year, Venezuelans filed more asylum claims than citizens of any other country — including war-torn Syria — according to a recent report from the United Nations refugee agency. That’s despite the fact more than 10% of the South American country’s population had already left.
Michelle Bachelet, high commissioner for human rights at the United Nations, left, shakes hands with Nicolas Maduro, Venezuela’s president, following a meeting at Miraflores Palace in Caracas, Venezuela, on Friday, June 21, 2019. Hundreds of protesters gathered in front of the UN’s Venezuela office to denounce what they say are the myriad rights abuses by the regime of President Maduro, including extrajudicial killings, and has held hundreds of political prisoners and detained journalists. Carlos Becerra | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Author cnbcPosted on June 25, 2019 Categories companies, news, UncategorizedTags cnbc, community, country, dying, envoy, freedom, guaido, help, international, maduro, neumann, political, president, reclaim, sam meredith, urges, venezuela
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Alcohol Distributors Ply Statehouses to Keep Profits Flowing
Rhinegeist Brewery
By Liz Essley Whyte / Center for Public Integrity
Rhinegeist Brewery invested $250,000 in trucks and employees to bring its beers into Kentucky, just a few miles from its fledgling brewery in downtown Cincinnati.
Sales boomed in the “thirsty” Kentucky market, said brewery co-founder Bryant Goulding.
But in March, just three months after the deliveries began, the legislature there voted to make Rhinegeist’s distribution business illegal.
“We were crestfallen, heartbroken, disappointed, really frustrated by the political process,” Goulding said. “We felt like we really didn’t have genuine access or really didn’t get genuine consideration from a lot of the politicians.”
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Rhinegeist had run into a little-known but powerful political force at play in nearly every state: alcohol distributors. They don’t brew the beer, and they don’t serve it. But as wholesalers who function as the legally mandated middlemen between alcohol makers and retailers, they have a wide-ranging influence on the booze Americans drink, marking up prices and controlling the growth of craft brewers and small wineries.
Alcohol distribution is a $135 billion industry in the U.S. that has made many rich, including Cindy McCain, head of her family’s beer distributing company and wife of Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz. To protect the post-Prohibition regulations that guarantee their business, wholesalers bankroll scores of lobbyists and give millions of dollars in contributions in election seasons. And because wholesalers are often local, family-run, American-owned businesses, they are popular with politicians.
“The beer wholesalers are a lot like the teachers unions,” said John Conlin, a Colorado management consultant who works with beverage companies. “The teachers unions have incredible clout, too, and the reason is there are teachers in every congressional district out there… And historically that was the same with beer wholesalers.”
But recently two economic forces have encroached on wholesalers’ power and territory, putting them on defense: big multinational brewer Anheuser-Busch InBev, which boasts $47 billion in annual revenue; and the burgeoning craft beer industry that wants more freedom to distribute its own beer, offer tastings in new places or sell to-go containers called growlers.
At least 22 states had bills in 2015 seeking to allow alcohol makers to circumvent distributors and sell their products directly to customers, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
They faced firm opposition this year because state alcohol wholesaler alliances had at least 315 registered lobbyists spread across every state and the District of Columbia, except Wyoming, according to a Center for Public Integrity analysis of state records.
And alcohol distributors are by far the most involved in state politics out of those in the booze business. They gave roughly $14.6 million to state candidates, parties and ballot issue groups in the 2014 elections, while alcohol manufacturers gave about $5.3 million and retailers gave roughly $2 million, according to data from the National Institute on Money in State Politics.
They are politically active on the federal level, too, but because alcohol is largely regulated at the state and local level, wholesalers aim most of their political firepower at statehouses. Their giving in 2014 state races was more than double the approximately $5.9 million that they gave for congressional contests.
“As local businesses representing Main Street America, beer distributors take pride in participating in the political process and support a wide range of candidates,” the National Beer Wholesalers Association’s spokeswoman Kathleen Joyce said in an email.
Using that political firepower, wholesalers defended their economic turf this year in several states, including Kentucky, Georgia and North Carolina, by advocating for the exclusive right to distribute alcohol. And now wholesalers are also trying to expand their turf by going after the legal recreational marijuana market proposed in Nevada.
This winter, 38 lobbyists roamed the halls of the Kentucky State Capitol, employed by one side or the other of the beer debate. The alcohol bill they were discussing, lawmakers joked, was the Lobbyist Full Employment Act of 2015.
“You couldn’t walk the halls without a lobbyist from one side or the other wanting to be in your ear,” said Sen. Jimmy Higdon, a Republican from Lebanon in central Kentucky.
Wholesalers were pushing a bill that prevented brewers from owning a license to distribute beer — a move to close a long-overlooked gap in Kentucky’s regulatory system and effectively force Anheuser-Busch InBev to auction off its two distributorships in Kentucky.
Rhinegeist, with its newly opened distribution business, was also hit.
“We were just kind of a gnat caught between these two Mack trucks colliding,” Goulding said.
Anheuser-Busch InBev owned a distributorship in Louisville for decades. In 2014, it bought another one in Owensboro, a move that set off alarm bells among wholesalers who worried the beer giant would corner the market as part of a reported campaign to buy more distributorships.
Wineries, breweries and distilleries are generally required by state laws to hire separate distributors to get their drinks to customers, with exceptions that vary by state. States made these rules after Prohibition: some acting to avoid returning to the days of saloons controlled by major alcohol producers that pushed drunkenness; some to decentralize the industry and its political power; and others motivated by former bootleggers with political ties who wanted to stay in business as state-mandated wholesalers.
Today, distributors are in a power position. They can stifle the growth of craft breweries or small wineries by refusing to distribute their products. Or they can foster them by helping them reach customers they couldn’t efficiently reach on their own. Having separate distributors can also push up the price of alcohol.
Some public health advocates credit the layers of regulation that come from this middleman-style system for helping prevent cheap or dangerous libations from creeping into the market in a country where alcohol is already the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death.
Yet Daniel Okrent, author of “Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition,” called the public health arguments sanctimonious and said there’s no evidence that wholesalers protect public health. “They are essentially protecting what is in effect a quasi-monopoly business,” he said. “They are very powerful political lobbies with a great deal of money.”
In Kentucky, wholesalers turned to the legislature to bar Anheuser-Busch InBev from having a piece of their market, just as wholesalers have successfully done in eight other states since 2010, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
Two Kentucky distributorships in particular, Chas. Seligman Distributing Company and Kentucky Eagle Inc., led the charge against Anheuser-Busch. Their executives and employees have given at least $213,000 to state and local elections since 2000, according to a Center for Public Integrity analysis of state records. Kentucky Eagle’s owner Ann Bakhaus gave more than $124,000 of that, including $13,300 last year. She said she had her business in mind when she did so.
“Our business is highly regulated,” she said. “There’s a whole lot of parts and pieces to it, and so I’m always trying to watch out for our business and for our state, too.”
During the 2014 elections alone, the Kentucky Beer Wholesalers Association gave more than $14,000 to Kentucky lawmakers. Comparatively, Anheuser-Busch has given little — just one $500 donation in 2008, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics. Neither alcohol group responded to multiple requests for comment.
Both sides lobbied hard. And both sides took to the airwaves. Wholesalers spent $151,000 on Facebook, newspaper, TV and radio ads, state records show. Anheuser-Busch, while outspent in political contributions, tried to make up for it with nearly $330,000 in advertising.
“Greedy special interests are trying to run Anheuser-Busch out of the state, seeking for them to close a business they’ve owned for nearly 40 years,” said a TV ad from the beer company.
In the end, though, it wasn’t even close. The wholesalers’ bill passed the Senate 23-13 and the House 67-31. The world’s largest brewer and Rhinegeist lost. Anheuser-Busch InBev said Tuesday it plans to shed its Kentucky distributorships. Rhinegeist has already dismantled its distribution business there.
Rep. Adam Koenig, a Republican from Erlanger, fears the law will have a broader chilling effect.
“After seeing Rhinegeist basically have the rug pulled out from under them, and a company that’s been operating legally with no complaints for 30 years be forced to divest, it makes you think twice about opening a business in Kentucky,” he said.
Limiting the craft brewers
This spring, North Carolina state Rep. Chuck McGrady, a Republican from Hendersonville, sent his colleagues a draft of a bill he planned to introduce. The bill would have helped local craft breweries by allowing them to distribute more of their own beer. Not long after, two of the co-sponsors called and asked him to remove their names.
“Those legislators told me the beer and wine wholesalers in their area had already called and they were big contributors to the campaign,” McGrady said. “They still supported the bill, but they didn’t want to be on it. It was really rather striking.”
Craft brewing had taken off in North Carolina, as it has in the rest of the country. The number of craft breweries in the U.S. more than doubled from 2008 to 2014, reaching 3,418, according to the Brewers Association, a national craft brewers group based in Boulder, Colo. And they’re getting more organized — the U.S. now has local craft brewers associations in every state.
In North Carolina this year, craft brewers saw an opportunity to improve state laws to allow them to grow. Currently, brewers in North Carolina can distribute 25,000 barrels of their own beer. If they want to grow larger, they must hire a distributor for all of their beer, a move some breweries are loath to make.
McGrady’s bill would have given brewers slightly more wiggle room by not counting beer sold at taverns (usually only a few thousand barrels) toward the 25,000-barrel limit.
But North Carolina Beer & Wine Wholesalers Association Executive Director Tim Kent said his members didn’t want to cede any ground and opposed McGrady’s bill and a similar one.
“North Carolina already has by far the most progressive beer laws of any state from Virginia to Texas,” he said. “You’ve got a small group of brewers who are trying to deregulate the industry…at the expense of public health.”
Alcohol wholesalers in North Carolina have given more than $740,000 to state lawmakers since 1996, according to data from the National Institute on Money in State Politics. They had seven registered lobbyists working this spring. On the other side, the craft brewers together had four registered lobbyists but had given comparatively little to political candidates.
“We’re putting a lot of money into growing our business and making sure we’re getting new equipment and hiring people and stuff like that,” said Erik Lars Myers, the president of North Carolina Craft Brewers Guild and the founder of Mystery Brewing Company in Hillsborough. “That means that we don’t have a lot of extra money to spend on lobbying. They have a significant financial advantage over us.”
Both bills stalled when a committee co-chairman, Rep. James Boles, wouldn’t let them be heard, brewers said.
Boles, a Republican from Moore County, received more than $17,000 from alcohol wholesalers for his unopposed 2014 re-election, including $5,000 from the North Carolina Beer & Wine Wholesalers Association PAC. Aside from the money he gave his own campaign, the association is Boles’ second most generous donor over the course of his six-year career in the statehouse, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics. He did not respond to requests for comment.
The bills’ failures mean that at least four craft breweries in the state won’t expand, hire more people or make more of their specialized local beer, Myers said.
“There’s going to be a lot of people who want beer who won’t be able to get it,” he said.
Settling for compromise
A similar story played out in Georgia this spring, when brewers put forward a bill that would have allowed breweries to sell a limited amount of beer directly to customers who visited. What they wound up with instead was the ability to offer free beer to patrons who pay for a tour.
“We don’t sell you beer, but we take your money and you leave with beer,” said Nick Purdy, president of Wild Heaven Craft Beers just outside of Atlanta. “It’s a bit of a theater of the absurd.”
Georgia Craft Brewers Guild Executive Director Nancy Palmer said it was the guild’s first time going up against the longstanding relationships the wholesalers have built, in some cases over generations.
“The wholesalers are astute politicians,” she said. “If I were in their position, I would be doing exactly what they do. The depth and breadth of their influence is certainly formidable.”
Alcohol distributors in Georgia have given nearly $1.2 million in contributions to state lawmakers since 1992, according to data from the National Institute on Money in State Politics. They also invite lawmakers to an annual, paid conference at a seaside resort. The state distributor association did not return requests for comment.
The man credited with reworking the bill to allow only paid tours and free beer, Sen. Rick Jeffares, has received $6,900 from wholesalers since 2010, including $4,750 out of the $81,000 he raised for his unopposed re-election bid in 2014. The Republican from McDonough, south of Atlanta, did not respond to requests for comment.
Still, for the brewers it wasn’t a total loss. Palmer said they were pleased to get at least the compromise that allows them to sell tours.
Finding new territory
Wholesalers are now flexing political muscle not just to protect their current businesses, but to enter a new market: marijuana distribution.
Alcohol salesmen often see pot as a competitor vying for consumers’ dollars. And liquor industry advocates have bristled at pot activists’ assertions that marijuana is safer than alcohol.
But wholesalers in Nevada gave a combined $87,500 to a 2016 ballot measure campaign to legalize recreational marijuana there — about 13 percent of the amount raised through December, according to the most recent report available. The ballot initiative, if passed, would mandate that for the first 18 months of legal weed, only licensed alcohol distributors could distribute the drug, giving the alcohol wholesalers a head start in the pot distribution business.
Backers of the initiative consulted with alcohol distributors when they wrote the measure to avoid a fight. The 18-month window allows experienced distributors to help get the industry off the ground, according to campaign spokesman Joe Brezny.
“Experience matters,” he said.
For those without political connections, access to new markets is proving more difficult. Back in Cincinnati, Rhinegeist Brewery gave up finding new turf on its own. Instead, it’s re-entering Kentucky through a wholesaler. It’s a move co-founder Goulding thinks will work out well for sales, but he’s still disappointed.
“It seems really strange that government can come and, something that was legal a few months ago, just take it away,” he said.
This story is from The Center for Public Integrity, a nonprofit, nonpartisan investigative media organization in Washington, D.C. Read more of its investigations on the influence of money in politics or follow it on Twitter.
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Love in War
The enduring love of a Syrian refugee and an Australian journalist
By Farahnaz Zahidi / Creative: Sanober Ahmed
Tracey and Ahmed are waiting to begin a new life in Sweden once Ahmed gets legal residency in the country. PHOTO: Ahmad Al Haj and Tracey Shelton
He is thousands of miles away from his home in Aleppo, Syria, in a refugee camp in Bastad, Sweden. The Nordic winter is bitterly harsh here in December. The journey as a refugee has been long and winding. “We travelled mostly on foot; it was dangerous,” says Ahmad Al Haj, one of the more than four million Syrian refugees who have had to leave home in quest of safety. But Ahmad says it was all worth it in the end, as in the midst of war and displacement he found the love of his life.
For Tracey Shelton, now Ahmad’s wife, the wait for her husband to get legal residency in Sweden is not easy. “It has been really tough being forced to stay apart for so long, but hopefully it will be coming to an end soon. His asylum has been approved; we are now undergoing what seems like an endless wait for them to issue his papers,” says the Australian journalist and photographer who has spent years covering conflict in volatile regions, including Iraq, Libya, Syria and Lebanon. She is presently living in Istanbul, Turkey, in what she calls a “limbo”, waiting to move to Sweden to start a new life with Ahmad.
Families grieving outside a hospital in Aleppo province after identifying the bodies of their loved ones following a government airstrike that killed civilians. PHOTO: Tracey Shelton
Images of those affected by the Syria crisis and painful headlines about the spillover effects of it tell much about the situation on ground, but millions of stories behind the images and headlines remain untold. Ahmad and Tracey’s love story is one of them.“Her work and her understanding of the situation in my region,” is one of the things Ahmad mentions when asked what drew him to her. By reporting on conflict and internal displacement, mostly within the Middle East, an affinity with Ahmad came naturally to Tracey. “After six years of working largely on frontlines and with Arab families, it’s hard for me to fit back into life in a Western country,” says Tracey.
The couple met socially when Tracey was living in Syria. “We met through a mutual friend. Ahmad and I got along really well from the beginning and became close friends. Things developed from there,” explains Tracey, adding that one of the reasons Ahmad took the trip to Europe was so that they could establish a life together.
Getting married was another obstacle for the two of them. Here were two people wanting to start a life together, and the proverbial man-made laws restricting them from doing so. “In Turkey it is illegal for a Sheikh (Muslim clergyman) to perform a nikaah (religious marriage) without a legal marriage so we couldn’t find anyone to do it there,” says Tracey. “Although in Islam, marriage between a Christian woman and a Muslim man is permitted, the Sheikhs did not want to accept the responsibility. We eventually found someone (to perform the nikaah) in Sweden, but we are still waiting for our marriage to be registered.” After trying for six months, the couple got married in June this year.
Protest against the Syrian government during a rally in Syria. PHOTO: Tracey Shelton
The couple has been living apart since Ahmad left Turkey for Europe earlier this year; they only get to meet sporadically when Tracey visits him. “Since he’s been in the camp, it’s harder for me to visit.”
While Ahmad has dreams of a secure future with Tracey, the ordeal has been traumatic. “Life was normal in Syria before the revolution. I never thought I’d be a refugee one day. I was still studying at the time and thought I’d go on to develop my career in IT,” reminisces Ahmad, son of a civil engineer and businessman and the eldest among three brothers and a sister. “The fighting in our area turned intense. It became hopeless to stay there. It was difficult to even get food and medicine. Our entire family left Syria together,” he recalls.
The Al Haj family, today, is spread all over, and none of them have yet acquired asylum anywhere. Ahmad’s father returned to Syria to try to sell some of his property, while his mother, brothers and sister are in Southern Turkey. “The displacement affected us in every way possible. I don’t have any legal status anywhere. On paper, technically, I didn’t exist. You have no rights, no identity, no work, and no way to study again,” says Ahmad, who now spends most of his time in the camp fixing everyone’s phones and laptops.
A boy holds up a piece of shrapnel during a protest in the town of Kureen in Syria. PHOTO: Tracey Shelton
Despite the situational difficulties and a mostly long distance relationship, the two of them lighten up when asked about each other. “He is intelligent, funny, cool, sweet and charming. He cares about me and looks after me in a way I never dreamt of. He is also excellent with languages. He speaks three languages expertly,” says Tracey. Ahmad’s easygoing charm worked on her, as he was easy to talk to, she shares. “He has a lot of knowledge and a deep understanding of things. I love talking with him and listening to his ideas.” For Ahmad, what attracted him to her was “how she treats people. Her personality. And her beautiful eyes”.Tracey recalls when she met him twice en route to Greece and Serbia. “The soles of his feet were just two huge blisters from walking, just cushions of liquid. I don’t know how he managed to walk on them. But from there they had to keep walking through to Hungary.”
According to Sweden’s migration agency Migrationsverket, the applications for asylum received by Sweden in January 2015 were 4,896. By November 2015, the number rose to 36,741, and more than 25,000 of these are males. So far this year, more than 120,000 people have applied for asylum in Sweden.
While the future looks bleak for Syrian refugees, they have certain advantages, according to Tania Karas, an Athens-based journalist covering migration and refugee issues. “Syrians in particular tend to be middle-class, educated and technologically literate,” she says, adding that while this may be a slight generalisation, it does mean that Syrians, more than other refugees, have an easier time navigating their journeys and assimilating into European society. “Another advantage is that Syrians are considered ‘prima facie’ refugees because there’s an active war going on in their country so they are highly likely to be granted refugee status,” says Karas, who has been actively working with Syrian refugees in the Greek island of Lesbos. More than half of the refugees and migrants who have reached Greece this year have landed at Lesbos. Some 3,460 lives have been lost crossing the Mediterranean, reveals data provided by the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR).
The number of Syrians arriving in Europe seeking international protection continues to increase. However, according to the UNHCR, it remains low compared to Syria’s neighbouring countries, with slightly more than 10% of those who have fled the conflict seeking safety in Europe. Sweden which has had a very relaxed system in the past, where refugees could enter the country unobstructed, is now introducing border checks. The laissez-faire might not be feasible for Sweden any more, considering the very real security threats following the attacks in Paris. The situation, thus, seems poised to make life even tougher for the refugees. And a solution seems nowhere in sight.
An earlier photograph of Syrian rebel fighters praying before launching an anti-government attack near Idlib city. PHOTO: Tracey Shelton
UN High Commissioner for Refugees António Guterres acknowledges that this is the biggest refugee population from a single conflict in a generation. “It is a population that needs the support of the world but is instead living in dire conditions and sinking deeper into poverty,” Guterres says. According to the UNHCR, Syrians in exile face trials such as living in sub-standard shelters and below the poverty line in countries like Jordan and Lebanon. “Having to leave behind their family and friends and not knowing when they will see them again or whether they will see them alive are the prime difficulties Syrian refugees face,” says Argentina-based correspondent Kamilia Lahrichi. It’s tough for refugees to adapt to a new culture because of cultural barriers, she adds.While Ahmad appreciates European countries opening their gates for the refugees, and acknowledges that they try their best to help refugees and keep them comfortable, he is very clear when asked what he sees as a solution to the Syria crisis. “All of the outside countries — USA, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia — need to back off and let us solve our own problems. Foreign powers have made Syria their playground, trying to prove their strength,” he says. Tracey echoes the sentiment and expresses dismay at what started as a revolution has escalated into a regional proxy war. “Everything in Syria has become so complicated with too many players. I honestly don’t know what the solution is anymore.”
But for Ahmad, “the most difficult thing is being apart from Tracey” at the moment. “Until Ahmad’s final residency decision, everything is up in the air. Once it’s finalised Ahmad can start working here in Sweden and I can join him. We hope to start a family too,” says Tracey. Till then, love must wait.
Farahnaz Zahidi works as a senior subeditor at The Express Tribune. She tweets @FarahnazZahidi
Published in The Express Tribune, Sunday Magazine, December 20th, 2015.
Read more: Syria
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Chinese president offers support for new peacekeeping force
Imran Khan’s US visit: courting an unpredictable ally
A Tale of two countries
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TV ReviewsMarvel's Daredevil
Brooding and bloody Daredevil should appeal to the character’s fans
Charlie Cox, Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, Vincent D’Onofrio, Ayelet Zurer, Vondie Curtis-Hall
Friday, April 10, on Netflix (full 13-episode season available)
Hour-long superhero series. Five episodes watched for review
Superhero comics made an awkward lurch toward social relevance in the ’70s, with heavy-handed stories about drugs and racism; but the genre really started to mature in the ’80s, when a handful of writers and artists embraced their pulp roots. At Marvel, Chris Claremont and John Byrne’s X-Men comics and Frank Miller’s version of Daredevil elevated the medium via twisty, fast-paced storytelling, and a willingness to take the life-and-death stakes of superheroes’ lives seriously. These books were entertaining first and foremost, and developed their deeper themes organically, by sharpening the focus on the characters and their worlds.
Superhero television is now at the kind of crossroads that comics reached circa 1980. In comics, the previous decade’s wave of adult-oriented genre fare and undergrounds showed that there was both a way to produce more sophisticated work and an audience for the outcome. With TV, the massive success of superhero movies in the 2010s has proven that millions of people worldwide are willing to take the genre fairly straight, with all the trappings from the comics—costumes, powers, crazy villains—that live-action adventures tried to avoid for so many years. The “no tights, no fights” mandate of shows like Smallville is fading fast. It’s a post-Flash, post-Avengers mass media landscape now. Writers, directors, and producers can be as faithful as they want to be.
The Netflix drama Marvel’s Daredevil is remarkably faithful—perhaps to a fault. The series was developed by The Cabin In The Woods and Cloverfield screenwriter Drew Goddard (who’s worked on several Joss Whedon and J.J. Abrams projects, including Buffy The Vampire Slayer and Alias), with showrunning duties handled by Spartacus writer/producer Steven S. DeKnight (another graduate of the Whedonverse). These two savvy creators are committed to bringing seriousness, imagination, and visual flair to action-fantasy.
Their Daredevil is an amalgam of different eras of the Marvel comic, taking elements that pre-date and post-date Frank Miller’s ’80s run. Boardwalk Empire’s Charlie Cox stars as Matt Murdock, a poor boxer’s son who was blinded by a freak childhood accident that left him with heightened senses. As the series begins, Murdock is starting his first law practice with his sweet, somewhat goofy best friend Foggy Nelson (Elden Henson), while spending his spending his evenings donning a black bandana and fighting crime in their crumbling Hell’s Kitchen neighborhood.
In the five episodes Netflix has made available to critics, the show’s writers move a lot of the comic’s familiar pieces into place. Matt and Foggy’s first client is Karen Page (True Blood’s Deborah Ann Woll), who later becomes their secretary. In her off-hours, Karen looks into the malfeasance of her old employer, and enlists the help of burned-out crime reporter Ben Urich (Vondie Curtis-Hall). Meanwhile, Matt’s nocturnal adventures lead him to the apartment of sympathetic nurse Claire Temple (Rosario Dawson). And hovering just above the fray is Wilson Fisk, a.k.a. “Kingpin” (Vincent D’Onofrio), a millionaire businessman with not-so-secret mob ties and a touching schoolboy crush on local art gallery owner Vanessa Marianna (Ayelet Zurer).
Fans of the comics should appreciate the clear intent here to make a superhero series that doesn’t deviate too much from the source, or pull too many punches. This is a hard PG-13 (bordering on R-rated) Daredevil, with smatterings of profanity and near-nudity, and a level of blood and gore previously unseen in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Nearly every episode builds to a brutal action set piece, with either the masked Matt or some criminal lackey beating the snot of an adversary, in sequences choreographed and shot for maximum visceral impact.
Overall, Daredevil has an appropriately dark and grubby look, established in the first episode by director Phil Abraham (who has directed several Mad Men episodes, and was one of The Sopranos’ primary cinematographers) and cinematographer Matt Lloyd (who also shot the fine-looking films Robot & Frank and The Better Angels). The fight scenes are even grimmer, with minimal editing and ample goo. The show’s creative team has translated the kineticism of superhero action to the screen in impressive ways, akin to lean Hong Kong cops-and-robbers pictures.
What they haven’t done is make great television.
The failings of Netflix’s Daredevil may just be inherent to some kinds of made-for-streaming series. Like Amazon’s disappointing Bosch, Daredevil isn’t structured or paced like episodic TV (though it’s broken up into fairly uniform 50-minute installments, for no real reason beyond convention). This show is made to be binged, which means it doesn’t seem obliged to conform to the usual dramatic arcs that TV writers use to pull viewers through commercial breaks, and to keep them tuning in from week to week. Through the first five episodes at least, the various plots and subplots—most of them involving gang wars and shady business dealings that inflict collateral damage on the residents of Hell’s Kitchen—aren’t compelling or original enough to earn an active “Yes, I’d like to see more of this.” Instead, what Daredevil has are one or two moments per episode that may be exciting or promising enough to keep Neflix subscribers from hitting the stop button before the next episode auto-plays.
Besides the blood-streaked action sequences, Daredevil’s bread-and-butter is long, muted conversations, and a few of these do represent the show at its best. When Matt tells Claire that he can tell she’s bleeding because “I can taste the copper in the air,” or when Kingpin explains his vision for a more orderly New York to Vanessa, these kinds of deep character beats can round out a TV drama. Daredevil’s cast is good-to-great (Cox and D’Onofrio especially), and some of the strongest material here has hardly anything to do with superheroics, such as Matt’s occasional confessions to his priest. The writers have a good sense of the real conflict at the heart of the series, which has to do with the hero’s worry that by inserting himself into a battle between crime bosses, he’s inadvertently becoming one of their soldiers.
But like too many genre shows with a prestige patina, Daredevil lacks dynamism. It initially seems like a bold choice to allow scenes to play out much longer and quieter than they would on regular TV, but that stylistic tic eventually becomes enervating. When nearly every non-fight scene is long and quiet, the result is a self-indulgent ponderousness.
Some of that sobriety comes woven-in to the material. Daredevil shouldn’t be Guardians Of The Galaxy, after all. Still, the best runs on the Daredevil comics—Miller’s for sure, but also writer Brian Michael Bendis’ long stretch, and writer Mark Waid’s recent award-winning take—include moments of levity and passion mostly missing from DeKnight and company’s cooler spin. The people in charge of this show are hardly hacks. Even viewers who aren’t aware of Spartacus or Angel should recognize some fine writing in scenes like the one where Matt’s senses are overwhelmed by the sound of a city in pain, or when he explains that he perceives the world as sensory fragments that he arranges into “an impressionistic painting.” But it’s hard to ignore that, liberated from the demands of advertisers and weekly ratings, Daredevil’s creative team has produced something with very little sense of urgency.
Netflix’s Daredevil is the first of a block of interconnected streaming series set in Marvel’s Cinematic Universe. (Daredevil’s most overt nod to the MCU comes early, when Matt and Foggy talk about renting an office on a street heavily damaged by The Avengers’ big battle.) All of the upcoming shows look to be in the same gritty, martial-arts-dotted, noir-inflected vein—which means they may all end up being a lot like Daredevil. That’ll probably be okay with most Marvel fans, given that there’s plenty of the comics’ flavor and just enough thrilling action in this initial effort.
But Daredevil’s opening credits—which show the hero’s eventual costume being formed from what looks like molten wax—promises something with a little more sense of play, that doesn’t try so hard to be heavy. Maybe by episode 13, that more confident, enjoyable Daredevil will finally emerge. And maybe the rest of Netflix’s MCU shows will follow from there, ready to prove their maturity through taut narratives, not just raw violence.
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Recent from Noel Murray
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Hulu’s Das Boot miniseries is well-acted and well-crafted… but needs more boot
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January 30, 2019 / 10:04 PM / 6 months ago
In 'Icebox of the Nation,' arctic blast is just another day
Daniel Trotta, Alex Dobuzinskis
(Reuters) - The town that embraces its nickname as the “Icebox of the Nation” barely paused on Wednesday for the polar vortex that is gripping the U.S. Upper Midwest.
International Falls, Minnesota, a town of 6,000 people on the Canadian border, was among the coldest places in the United States, recording a low temperature of minus 36 Fahrenheit (minus 38 Celsius) on Wednesday with a wind chill factor of minus 55F (minus 48C), according to the National Weather Service.
That was colder than the South Pole, but still, it was “only 36 below,” Mayor Bob Anderson said.
“It’s business as usual. All the businesses are open in town,” Anderson said. Firefighters reported no unusual emergency calls.
The schools were closed but “schools are more cautious today than they used to be in the past,” said Anderson, 76, who was born and raised in International Falls.
The forecast low overnight was minus 49F (minus 45C), and even that would not be enough to trigger emergency measures, the mayor said.
“I’m not sure what it would take” to shutter the town,” he said. “It would have to be a lot colder than what we’ve experienced here the last few days, anyway.”
International Falls at times has appeared as the coldest place on the U.S. weather map in recent days, although Cotton, Minnesota, was colder on Wednesday at minus 43F (minus 42C), the weather service said.
‘BADGE OF HONOR’
Toughness is part of the lore of International Falls. The late football great Bronko Nagurski, who played fullback for the Chicago Bears in the 1930s and was known for barreling through opponents when he carried the ball, grew up in the town.
“We embrace (the cold) more than anything because it’s like our badge of honor,” said Will Heyer, 23, the sports director for International Falls-based radio stations KGHS and KSDM.
Ultramarathoners gravitate to International Falls at the coldest time of the year for the Arrowhead Ultra, a 135-mile (217- km) race by runners, skiers and bicyclists.
Some 146 participants took off from International Falls on Monday and 52 of them were expected to finish by Wednesday near Tower, Minnesota, race director Ken Krueger said. Tower holds the state record for low temperature at minus 60F (minus 51C) on Feb. 2, 1996.
“That’s what the racers want. They come here for the challenge,” Krueger said, noting that this year’s finish rate of 36 percent was below normal but still better than the low of 20 percent in 2007.
With enough prodding, however, people from International Falls will admit they feel the cold.
“You walk outside and it takes your breath away,” said Kyle Rasmussen, a firefighter engineer. “Your clothes instantly feel cold on your skin. It just saps the heat right out of your bones. Especially when the wind is there. It just cuts right through you.”
Sandy Dexter, 59, the owner of the restaurant Sandy’s Place, said she and her employees amused themselves in the cold on Wednesday by throwing boiling water in the air to create clouds of steam and blowing soap bubbles to watch them freeze.
“It’s a beautiful, sunny day, we’re having fun. We love being the coldest spot in the nation,” Dexter said by phone before adding, “I’ve got two customers shaking their heads at me.”
Reporting by Daniel Trotta, Suzannah Gonzales and Alex Dobuzinskis; editing by Bill Tarrant and Jonathan Oatis
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The First National Lottery Was A Colossal Failure
On November 18, 1776, the First Continental Congress enacted a national lottery designed to complete with state and local lotteries at the time. The reason for getting in the lottery game was a simple yet important one for delegates of the thirteen colonies: help fund the costly Revolutionary War.
Not only were more muskets and ammunition needed to fight the war (which officially began in April of that year), but the men of the Continental Army expected to get paid too, in land or money – $6 a day for privates; up to $20 a day for captains.
The Continental Congress had no power to tax the people, so money was printed – lots of it – based on specie (minted coins from precious metals). They also borrowed supplies and currency from France and the Dutch. And wealthy Americans dutifully bought war bonds. But for the average citizen, the common villager, they could do their part as well. Buy a lottery ticket, take a chance, and help pay for the war, the Congress asked.
It didn’t go as planned.
May 1, 1778 was the first scheduled drawing for the new lottery. By then, only a little over 20-thousand of the 100-thousand were sold. So the drawing was pushed back to May 27th. On that date only 36,500 tickets were sold, an increase of just more than 16-thousand in less than a month, but still far less than expected. The government was left holding 60,000 unsold tickets. At $10 a piece that was a net loss of more than $72-thousand. The government expected a net profit of $1.5 million from the lottery. They made an estimated $100,000. Certainly not enough to fund a war.
But the poor sales were only part of the problem. Three other classes of a national lottery also failed to ignite the public’s interest. Publicity marketing and distribution were some of the the reasons why. The other reason was the greatly depreciated value of the continental dollar. According to Steve Swain, a lottery historian: “At the completion of the first class lottery in May of 1778, it took 2-5 Continental dollars to equal one dollar in actual exchange value. By the completion of the second class lottery in June of 1779, it took from 13-20 Continental dollars. By the completion of the drawing a year later, the rate of exchange was over $1,000 in Continental bills to $1 in actual exchange value.”
It’s easy to see why the government was interested in cashing in on the lottery idea. Lotteries or public raffles had been in the spotlight for more than a hundred years. In fact, America’s very first lottery winner is Thomas Sharplisse, a tailor from London. We know this rather trivial historical fact thanks to a another man named John Stow who decided to chronicle English life in in the 16th century. His book Survey of London was released in 1598, a life’s work indeed, since he was dead just seven years later at the age of 80. At the start of the 17th century, however, other diarists picked up the slack, commissioned by King James I, and continued to record anecdotes and life experiences of fellow Londoners. The Stow’s Chronicles is the result.
And because of it, we know the name: Thomas Sharplisse.
Sharplisse had nothing to do with America except as other Londoners did at the time a passing interest in what was going on in the New World. It was after all 1612. The stock holding Virginia Company of London, had funded the first English colony in North America, the struggling James Towne, or more commonly known as Jamestown, named of course in honor of his majesty.
The newly established settlement (actually it was the second incarnation, the first was James Fort) was reeling from sickness, starvation and occasional attacks by hostile Indians. They were in desperate need for more supplies, but the Virginia Company was broke. So the King approved a lottery, a game of chance really, but also an opportunity for fellow countryman to invest at a time when charitable contributions didn’t exist.
Marketing for the lottery was in the guise of a song:
To London, worthy Gentlelmen,
goe venture there your chaunce:
good lucke standes now in readinesse,
your fortunes to advance
In June of 1612, Sharplisse was among the crowd that gathered in a specially constructed “Lotterie house” near St. Paul’s Church in London to watch tickets drawn in the first Great Standing Lottery.
Little else is known about Sharplisse except that he spent two-shillings-and-sixpence on the chance. And according to Stow’s Chronicles, Shaprlisse’s ticket was the Grand Prize winner – four thousand crowns in “fayre plate, which was sent to his house in a very stately manner.” It was a fortune at the time. Two Anglican churches took home smaller winnings
After the Virginia Company paid for the prizes, salesman, managers, and other expenses, the remaining revenue covered the cost of shipping people and supplies to Jamestown. It was such a vital resource that Captain John Smith referred to the lottery as “the real and substantial food.” Disappointing, however, was the turn out. Nearly 60-thousand lottery tickets went unsold. Eventually, the crown banned lotteries that benefited Jamestown because of complaints that they were robbing England of money.
More than a century later, the First Continental Congress tried a lottery to help pay for the Revolutionary War.
It failed.
(Some text was reprinted from The Lottery Wars: Long Odds, Fast Money, and the Battle Over an American Institution; Source: Colonial America Lottery by Steve Swain)
This entry was posted in History and tagged Continental Army, First Continental Congress, First lottery winner, Great Standing Lottery, James Fort, James Towne, National Lottery, November 18 1776, paying for the Revolutionary War, Stow's Chronicles, Survey of London, Thomas Shaplisse.
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2 thoughts on “The First National Lottery Was A Colossal Failure”
Early American Government Ran on Lotteries, Not Taxes – Sarah Laskow – Suresh Kannan said:
[…] Lotteries didn’t just save the Virginia Company’s settlers from starvation, though. When the colonies revolted against the crown, lotteries helped the new United States of America survive. In 1776, the Constitutional Congress held one to benefit the soldiers of the Revolution. (Since the value of the new country’s currency was fluctuating wildly, it was less successful than hoped.) […]
Early American Government Ran on Lotteries, Not Taxes – The Storey Teller said:
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Heinrich Bleichrodt
Occupations Korvettenkapitän Submariner
Countries Germany
Birth October 21, 1909 (Berga)
Death January 9, 1977 (Munich)
Heinrich Bleichrodt (21 October 1909 – 9 January 1977) was one of the most successful German U-boat commanders of the Second World War. From October 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1943, he was credited with sinking 25 ships for a total of 152,320 gross register tons (GRT). For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, among other commendations. He earned the nickname "Ajax" during his time with the U-boats.
Bleichrodt was born in Berga, Kyffhäuser on 21 October 1909. He entered the navy in 1933 and spent his initial training on the cadet ship Gorch Fock, followed by a period on the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper. He was commissioned an ensign on 1 April 1935, promoted to sub-lieutenant on 1 January 1937 and to Lieutenant on 1 October 1939.
Submarine service
After training, Bleichrodt spent a period aboard the small training boat U-8 followed by a single patrol with later Knight's Cross winner Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Rollmann aboard U-34 during June and July 1940. This was a highly successful cruise, sinking eight ships for a total of 22,434 GRT, with Bleichrodt receiving the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 25 July. He was then given command of his own U-boat, U-48 on 4 September 1940. He began his first war patrol aboard her on 8 September, going on to sink eight ships for a total of 36,189 tons.
On 15 September he sank HMS Dundee. He went on to torpedo and sink SS City of Benares on 18 September before returning to port on 25 September. Unknown to Bleichrodt, there were 90 children on board the liner being evacuated to Canada under the Children's Overseas Reception Board's initiative in order to escape the effects of the Blitz. 258 people, including 77 of the evacuees, died in the disaster. The sinking was controversial, but the ship was not marked as being an evacuation transport, and it is unlikely that Bleichrodt would have been aware that children were amongst the passengers. He was also limited in what aid he could have provided even if he had been aware. He had been awarded the U-boat War Badge 1939 on 24 September, and on his arrival in port on 25 September he received the Iron Cross 1st Class.
He put to sea again on 5 October and undertook another highly successful patrol, sinking eight ships, including three merchantmen from the ill-fated convoys SC-7 and HX-79. He returned to Kiel on 27 October having sunk 43,106 tons of shipping. Three days before returning, U-48 was radioed and Bleichrodt was informed that he was to be awarded the Knight's Cross. Bleichrodt refused to wear it until his IWO Oberleutnant zur See Reinhard 'Teddy' Suhren was also awarded one. Bleichrodt pointed out that Suhren had overseen all surface shooting on previous missions and was also entitled. Suhren duly received the Knight's Cross in November that year.
Bleichrodt left U-48 on 16 December 1940 and briefly took command of U-67 on 22 January 1941 until 4 June 1941. He did not carry out any war cruises before being moved to take command of U-109 on 5 June 1941. He carried out six patrols with her, not achieving the same degree of success he had had with U-48, but still sinking 13 ships for a total of some 80,000 tons. He received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 23 September 1942, followed by the U-boat War Badge with Diamonds in October. He was promoted to Korvettenkapitän on 1 November 1943.
Bleichrodt appears to have suffered a breakdown whilst at sea on 26 December 1942. He radioed U-boat headquarters to request an immediate return to port, but this was initially denied. On 31 December Bleichrodt insisted that he return, and handed command to his 1WO, who brought U-109 back to Saint Nazaire. He was transferred to a training job with the 27th U-boat Flotilla, spending five months there followed by a year in the 2nd ULD (U-boat training division) as tactical instructor for the officers. He received a final promotion to Korvettenkapitän (corvette captain) on 1 November 1943, and in July 1944 he was appointed as Chief of the 22nd U-boat Flotilla, a post he held until the end of the war.
After the war, Bleichrodt was held by the Allies on war crimes charges pertaining to the sinking of the City of Benares. Bleichrodt was accused of sinking the ship with the full knowledge that it had been transporting evacuees. He reaffirmed the German position that there was no way that he or the crew of the submarine could have known who was on board. It was upheld and he was acquitted. However, Bleichrodt refused to apologise to the survivors, despite several crew members of U-48, including the radio operator, expressing their shock and regret once the facts became known.
Bleichrodt died 1977.
As commander of U-48 and U-109, Bleichrodt is credited with the sinking of 24 ships for a total of 151,260 gross register tons (GRT), further damaging two ships of 11,684 GRT and sinking one warship, HMS Dundee, of 1,060 long tons (1,080 tonnes).
15 September 1940 U-48 Alexandros Greece 4,343 Sunk at 56°30′N 16°30′W / 56.500°N 16.500°W / 56.500; -16.500
15 September 1940 U-48 HMS Dundee Royal Navy 1,060 Sunk at 56°45′N 14°14′W / 56.750°N 14.233°W / 56.750; -14.233
15 September 1940 U-48 Empire Volunteer United Kingdom 5,319 Sunk at 56°43′N 15°17′W / 56.717°N 15.283°W / 56.717; -15.283
18 September 1940 U-48 City of Benares United Kingdom 11,081 Sunk at 56°43′N 21°15′W / 56.717°N 21.250°W / 56.717; -21.250
18 September 1940 U-48 Marina United Kingdom 5,088 Sunk at 56°46′N 21°15′W / 56.767°N 21.250°W / 56.767; -21.250
18 September 1940 U-48 Magdalena United Kingdom 3,118 Sunk at 57°20′N 20°16′W / 57.333°N 20.267°W / 57.333; -20.267
21 September 1940 U-48 Blairangus United Kingdom 4,409 Sunk at 55°18′N 22°21′W / 55.300°N 22.350°W / 55.300; -22.350
21 September 1940 U-48 Broompark United Kingdom 5,136 Damaged at 49°02′N 40°26′W / 49.033°N 40.433°W / 49.033; -40.433
11 October 1940 U-48 Brandanger Norway 4,624 Sunk at 57°10′N 17°42′W / 57.167°N 17.700°W / 57.167; -17.700
11 October 1940 U-48 Port Gisborne United Kingdom 8,390 Sunk at 56°38′N 16°40′W / 56.633°N 16.667°W / 56.633; -16.667
12 October 1940 U-48 Davanger Norway 7,102 Sunk at 57°00′N 19°10′W / 57.000°N 19.167°W / 57.000; -19.167
17 October 1940 U-48 Languedoc United Kingdom 9,512 Sunk at 59°14′N 17°51′W / 59.233°N 17.850°W / 59.233; -17.850
17 October 1940 U-48 Scoresby United Kingdom 3,843 Sunk at 59°14′N 17°51′W / 59.233°N 17.850°W / 59.233; -17.850
18 October 1940 U-48 Sandend United Kingdom 3,612 Sunk at 58°12′N 21°29′W / 58.200°N 21.483°W / 58.200; -21.483
20 October 1940 U-48 Shirak United Kingdom 6,023 Damaged by U-47, sunk by U-48 at 57°00′N 16°53′W / 57.000°N 16.883°W / 57.000; -16.883
23 January 1941 U-109 Thirlby United Kingdom 4,877 Sunk at 43°20′N 66°15′W / 43.333°N 66.250°W / 43.333; -66.250
1 February 1941 U-109 Tacoma Star United Kingdom 7,924 Sunk at 38°46′N 64°17′W / 38.767°N 64.283°W / 38.767; -64.283
5 February 1941 U-109 Montrolite Canada 11,309 Sunk at 35°14′N 60°05′W / 35.233°N 60.083°W / 35.233; -60.083
6 February 1941 U-109 Halcyon Panama 3,531 Sunk at 34°20′N 59°16′W / 34.333°N 59.267°W / 34.333; -59.267
20 April 1941 U-109 La Paz United Kingdom 6,548 Damaged at 28°15′N 80°20′W / 28.250°N 80.333°W / 28.250; -80.333
3 May 1941 U-109 Laertes Netherlands 5,825 Sunk at 28°21′N 80°23′W / 28.350°N 80.383°W / 28.350; -80.383
7 August 1941 U-109 Arthur W. Sewall Norway 6,030 Sunk at 8°28′N 34°21′W / 8.467°N 34.350°W / 8.467; -34.350
11 August 1941 U-109 Vimeira United Kingdom 5,728 Sunk at 10°03′N 28°55′W / 10.050°N 28.917°W / 10.050; -28.917
3 September 1941 U-109 Ocean Might United Kingdom 7,173 Sunk at 0°57′N 4°11′W / 0.950°N 4.183°W / 0.950; -4.183
6 September 1941 U-109 Tuscan Star United Kingdom 11,449 Sunk at 1°34′N 11°39′W / 1.567°N 11.650°W / 1.567; -11.650
17 September 1941 U-109 Peterton United Kingdom 5,221 Sunk at 18°45′N 29°15′W / 18.750°N 29.250°W / 18.750; -29.250
2nd Class (25 July 1940)
1st Class (25 September 1940)
U-boat War Badge with Diamonds (1939)
U-boat War Badge (24 September 1940)
U-boat War Badge with Diamonds (September 1942)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Knight's Cross on 24 October 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-48
125th Oak Leaves on 23 September 1942 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-109
Croce di Guerra Italiana al Valore Militare (1 November 1941)
War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords (1 January 1945)
Mentioned three times in the Wehrmachtbericht (21 September 1940, 18 October 1940 and 21 October 1940)
1 April 1933: Fähnrich zur See (Officer Cadet)
1 January 1935: Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Ensign)
1 April 1935: Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant)
1 January 1937: Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant)
29 September 1939: Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant), effective as 1 October 1939 with rank age dated 1 October 1939
14 October 1943: Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain), effective as 1 October 1943 with rank age dated 1 October 1943
2 October 1944: Korvettenkapitän, with new rank age dated as of 1 July 1943
Career Later life Summary of career
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Nancy A Carmody
Fardale Trinity Church
73 Chapel Road
233 St. & Webster Ave.
Bronx, New York, United States
Obituary of Nancy A Carmody
Born in Batavia, NY, Nancy grew up there and in Manhattan, going to school in Washington Heights. She worked at Columbia University in the City of New York for more than 40 years in the Office of Public Information, retiring in 1995. She lived in Manhattan until moving to Franklin Lakes, NJ in 1973. A keen dog lover, she had many poodles, her last one, a black standard, named Midnight, was a great companion. A faithful member of Hawthorne Gospel Church for many years and a member of their vibrant seniors’ group. Later a faithful attender at Fardale Trinity Church in Mahwah, NJ. Her faith in the Lord Jesus Christ as her Savior sustained her throughout her life. There will be a time of visiting on Wednesday, April 17, at the Fardale Trinity Church, 73 Chapel Road, Mahwah, NJ from 10:00 until 11:00 AM followed by a celebration of Nancy's life at 11:00 AM. Interment will be in the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, NY. In lieu of flowers, memorial gifts may be made to the Hawthorne Christian Academy, 2000 State Route 208, Hawthorne, NJ, 07506.
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Tag : Ariana Grande
Ariana Grande Thanks Her Fans for Saving Her Life
ByGRID Magazine March 3, 2019 0 News
Photo Credit: The Insider Ariana Grande took to Instagram and wrote an emotional note for her fans, thanking them for their constant support. Ariana is going through a very rough time as her ex-boyfriend, Mac Miller, passed away from drug overdose in September and she also called off to her engagement with Pete Davidson in October last year. Although her songs are doing well on all the charts as her pain reflects through her art and people are loving it, […]
Ariana Grande Responds to All the Hate She’s Getting on Social Media
So finally, Ariana has something to say against all the hate she’s been getting on social media ahead of her performance at Pride event in Manchester, England. Ariana will hit the stage in Manchester two years after the painful incident when a terrorist killed 22 people at her concert. She is coming for a cause and is emotionally attached with Manchester but still there are some people who are spreading hate on Social Media for the fact that Ariana is […]
Broadcasting Commission of Indonesia Bans Songs from Bruno Mars, Ed Sheeran and Many Other Artists
ByGRID Magazine February 27, 2019 0 News
Photo Credit: fivehere.com A broadcasting commission of Indonesia has banned many hit English tracks as they found them containing offensive and sexual content. The tracks have been banned in the most populous province of Indonesia, which has population of over 48 million. The songs include many hit names including Love Me Harder, Shape of You, That’s What I Like, Versace on the Floor and Dusk Till Dawn. The streaming of these songs will be allowed between 10pm and 3am. The […]
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Leading National Trade Association for Industrial Hemp Products Issues Response to Joint USDA & DEA Statement of Principles on Industrial Hemp
17 Aug 2016 9:29 AM | Anonymous
WASHINGTON, DC – Monday, August 15, 2016, the Hemp Industries Association has issued a response to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Food and Drug Administration’s joint “Statement of Principles on Industrial Hemp.” The response was issued as a “Memorandum for Hemp Industries Association Members” from Joseph Sandler and Patrick Goggin, HIA Legal Counsel.
To read the USDA et al joint statement, see: https://federalregister.gov/a/2016-19146
To view the full response from the Hemp Industries Association, see: http://bit.ly/2b6CvCz
On August 12, 2016, the US Department of Agriculture, with the concurrence of the Drug Enforcement Administration and Food and Drug Administration, issued a joint “Statement of Principles on Industrial Hemp” in the Federal Register. The Hemp Industries Association (HIA) is encouraged that, in this Statement, the USDA has acknowledged the legitimate role of hemp pilot programs in the 2014 Farm Bill and has specifically agreed to support hemp research. The HIA looks forward to working with the USDA to ensure that hemp pilot programs are supported by USDA similar to other crops including access to research funding, participation in USDA programs such as the National Organic Program and others.
As a procedural matter, the agencies took the position that the Statement “does not establish any binding legal requirements” and it therefore is exempt from notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). While some of the positions taken are helpful to the industry, some other positions taken by the agencies in this document are highly detrimental to the industry and, in our view, are contrary to federal law. The USDA makes it clear in the Statement, however, that it is not intended as a binding rule and “does not establish any binding legal requirements.”
Among other concerns, the HIA believes the joint statement purports to redefine the term “industrial hemp” in a manner wholly different from, and inconsistent with, the definition set out in the 2014 Farm Bill, as excerpted from the HIA’s response memo here:
“The Statement’s definition is very troublesome, in two respects. First, the Statement’s definition would require that to be considered ‘industrial hemp,’ any part of the plant must be ‘used exclusively for industrial purposes (fiber and seed).’ That implies that the flowering tops of the plant would not be considered ‘industrial hemp,’ even though they clearly are so considered under the statutory definition. Second, the Statement defines ‘industrial hemp’ as having a ‘tetrahydrocannabinols’ (plural) concentration of not more than 0.3 percent, with the term ‘tetrahydrocannabinols’ to include ‘all isomers, acids, salts and salts of isomers ….’ This expanded definition could be read to require that cannabinoids other than THC—such as CBD—actually be considered in determining whether the 3/10 of one percent threshold has been exceeded—which would exclude much legitimate industrial hemp from the definition.”
The HIA is also concerned about DEA’s attempt to limit the sales and transportation of hemp products, which are clearly allowed under Sec. 7606 of the Farm Bill and under federal law.
The USDA has stated unequivocally that the Statement does not establish any new binding legal requirements. It is the position of the Hemp Industries Association that nothing in the Statement requires change to any current business practice, program or operation. If and when DEA indicates that is contemplating enforcement action, or threatens or takes enforcement action, based on any of the problematic legal positions described above, HIA will certainly take legal action at that time.
The Hemp Industries Association (HIA) has served as the hemp industry trade association since 1994. The HIA has lead efforts to expand and protect the sale and marketing of hemp products including the important victory in HIA v. DEA which protected the hemp foods industry from extinction due to DEA over regulation. The HIA is the source for accurate hemp news and information and is often cited by the media as a key source on the fast growing hemp market. For more information, go to: www.thehia.org.
To request an interview with an HIA spokesperson, receive media materials such as photos or video, please contact Hemp Industries Association Media Relations Director, Lauren Stansbury, at (402) 540-1208 or Lauren@wearemovementmedia.com
Latest Hemp News
© 2019 All Rights Reserved. Hemp Industries Association ®
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Survey: Generation Z's Best Students Seek Careers in STEM and Healthcare
By Richard Chang
The highest achieving students from Generation Z anticipate building careers in STEM fields and healthcare, and they aim to do it with advanced degrees and studies abroad. Seventy-six percent said they plan to attend graduate school, indicating that they are prepping for a workplace that will require specialized skills and education.
These are some of the key findings of the National Society of High School Scholars’ (NSHSS) 2017 Career Interest Survey, an annual report that is focusing for the first time on Generation Z, or children born in the early 2000s and thereafter.
Conducted in conjunction with Hanover Research, the survey explores the civic, educational and professional interests of NSHSS member respondents, the majority of whom are high-achieving high school students.
According to the survey, more than half of respondents — 54 percent — said they see themselves pursuing career paths in science, technology or engineering. Forty-one percent said they expect to someday work in the medicine and health fields.
“Our survey sets the tone for what to expect from Generation Z teens, who are just a few years away from entering the workforce,” said James W. Lewis, president of NSHSS, in a statement. “These digital natives came of age in a time of political and economic turmoil, but the education and career plans they're making show how much they want to help others, learn new things and explore the world around them.”
Here are some other findings from NSHSS’ 2017 Career Interest Survey:
77 percent said they plan to pursue internship experience during college;
Almost 66 percent said they’re interested in international experiences, like study abroad trips during their time in college;
81 percent said it’s very important to work for a company that treats its workers fairly;
Google ranked as the No. 1 dream employer, followed by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and “local hospital” at No. 3;
Among tech-related companies, Apple ranked at No. 6, 3M ranked No. 8, BuzzFeed ranked No. 9, Amazon came in at No. 11, Microsoft ranked No. 14 and Netflix scored No. 18;
71 percent said they prioritize learning the skills needed for advancement;
Fairness among all employees, regardless of gender or ethnicity, is more important to the student respondents than financial interests, such as salaries and bonuses; and
More than 75 percent of Gen Z students said they are most likely to find and pursue jobs via organizations’ own websites first, as opposed to social media.
The survey was conducted in spring 2017 with responses from 9,214 participants, including every ethnicity, from all 50 states and U.S. territories. High school students (the prime Gen Z population) represented 76 percent of respondents, with 41 percent saying they were seniors. Forty-five percent of respondents were 18 years or older.
NSHSS is an honors society for outstanding students. The organization offers member-exclusive scholarships, college admissions counseling, internships and advanced networking opportunities, according to the society’s website. For more information, visit nshss.org.
Richard Chang is associate editor of THE Journal. He can be reached at rchang@1105media.com.
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You are here: Home / Arts and Culture / How Children’s Media Perpetuates Toxic Masculinity
How Children’s Media Perpetuates Toxic Masculinity
in Arts and Culture on 08/09/18
It is easy to see the harmful effects of toxic masculinity in our society.
The socially constructed version of manhood has created a culture of repressed emotions, misogyny and violence – evident in the recent deadly shootings carried out primarily by men, typically by those who felt like they did not achieve success in the way society has defined their manhood.
However, when we think about how our society has created a culture of toxic masculinity and what can be done to eliminate it, we often forget to look at the influences present during our childhood.
It is surprising to see how prevalent toxic masculinity is in children’s entertainment, specifically television and movies. A child is most impressionable during the first five years of their life, making these years crucial to the development of the person they will become. During their formative years, children unknowingly mimic the behavior they have been exposed to. So if we hope to eliminate the effects of toxic masculinity, we need to stop the initial spread of its ideas.
To be clear, examples of basic masculinity in entertainment are not inherently bad. The natural differences between the masculine and feminine traits are not something that should be denied. However, when children are told by the media how they should conform to or live out these traits, it can create a lifelong struggle with identity.
Thomas and Friends (1984)
It is no secret that Thomas and Friends has historically been a male-dominated program. With only one female engine, the show has perpetuated the idea that the engineering world belongs to men.
Further, the female characters have little personality and depend largely on the other trains. In fact in one episode, Thomas wins two female passenger coaches as a prize after helping a train get back on the tracks. Afterward, he happily drives around his trophies and gets a “beep, beep” from another train. This encourages the idea of women as objects to be won and possessions to help men achieve happiness. This can be especially harmful to gay or asexual boys who may feel that they will not be successful men unless they are linked with a women.
Recently there have been efforts to make Thomas more gender-equal. Last year, it was announced that Thomas and Friends would undergo changes as part of a partnership between the United Nations and Mattel, Inc. Later in 2018, two lead female characters will be added – replacing two male characters – to the leading lineup of seven trains. These characters will represent different cultures and offer more to the show than a shiny accessory.
This classic is actually an example of a breakthrough for the traditional princess movie. The strength, courage and independence of Mulan transformed the genre and gave inspiration to young girls everywhere. Even with the gender-positivity of this movie, it is still influenced by the societal construct of masculinity.
The song “I’ll Make a Man Out of You” plays off the idea of an aggressive macho man. While it serves as irony to Mulan’s achievement as secretly being a woman and thriving in the army, it is an indicator of society’s dangerous expectations of men.
Mulan demonstrates how toxic masculinity has become our main form of masculinity and taken the role of dictating what a “man” is.
Casper (1995)
Everyone’s favorite friendly ghost may actually encourage unhealthy social ideas about relationships. Casper essentially becomes obsessed with Kat Harvey after seeing her on TV and wants to “keep” her, making sure that she stays at his house and even gets jealous when she wants to hang out with other boys.
He may be a sweet child-ghost who is just looking for a friend, but he does so in an aggressive manner. Casper basically picks the girl he wants and gets her through a sneaky scheme. This gives boys the false pretense that they can get any girl they want, by any means necessary.
The Little Rascals (1994)
The Little Rascals (1994) is the movie adaptation of classic shorts that aired on television between the 1920s-1940s. The original TV show itself was actually very progressive, featuring the antics of a group of poor neighborhood kids who equally represented boys and girls as well as multiple prominent African-American characters. While it may have brought the laughs of the original, the movie adaptation fails to give full equality to the genders and actually encourages male dominance in way that puts down both boys and girls.
The relationships between boys and girls in the movie promotes misogyny in subtle ways and flirts with the idea of males as the superior sex. The film centers on the group of boys who are bonded through their “He-Man, Woman-Haters” club, bringing to mind the hyper-aggression of masculinity that exists solely to prove to others that one is masculine.
Throughout the movie, the boys taunt Alfalfa for expressing his romantic feelings for Darla and ridicule him as unmanly, threatening to kick him out of their club. Discouraging boys to express their emotions has long been an aspect of toxic masculinity and is used to train boys to be “manly”. This is especially evident when Alfalfa’s best friend Spanky calls him a “sissified Tweety Bird,” associating Alfalfa negatively with a femininity that contrasted with the “He-Man” mindset.
In addition, the boys’ interaction between girls indicate that there are only two ways the sexes can interact: as enemies or lovers, no in between. The boys are against any contact with the girls at the beginning of the movie, but even when they realize girls aren’t so bad and make their club co-ed, the boys are each coupled up with a girl in an implied romantic way. Further, the personalities of the girls are simply reflections of the boys, indicating a general lack of interest in a girl’s individual personality. This supports the idea that women are accessories to the male experience, the same idea that plagues the entertainment and almost every other male-led industry.
We can change what we see in entertainment, but if we are not changing what tomorrow’s generation sees, they will be pulled into the same pattern of toxic ideals that are ruining our men.
Bryanna Rivas
« Dismantling the Silence: Toxic Masculinity & Mental Health Care
A Global Issue »
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Celebrating Dr. Verghese Kurien’s Birthday With #TweetToFarmer
The Logical Indian
November 25th, 2015 / 11:31 PM
Image Source: indianexpress
Dr Verghese Kurien, the “Father of the White Revolution”, was born on 26 November 1921. After completing his studies in India and abroad (thanks to a scholarship provided by the government of India), he returned and started working in Anand (Gujarat) in the dairy sector, purely because he had to fulfill his bond that had been signed to receive the scholarship.
But what started as a forced job for Dr Kurien soon became his foremost passion. He realised that dairy farmers were living in poverty despite all their hard work, and he believed that the cooperative model had the potential to lift millions out of poverty. Thus began his efforts to fulfill his dream – to empower the farmers of India.
Dr Kurien was also the founder chairman of the National Dairy Development Board that was set up in 1965 to replicate the Anand success story throughout India. A number of corporations were created under the NDDB, with Mother Dairy being one of the most prominent names.
With his innovative techniques and fearless attitude in the face of bureaucratic interference and competition from major MNCs, he not only built the dairy sector in India, but also created “Operation Flood”, the world’s largest agricultural programme. Through his initiatives and efforts, this great man transformed India from a milk-deficient nation to the world’s largest producer of milk.
Here’s something we came across where Mother Dairy is continuing the campaign by National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) – Farmers First.
As the nation celebrates Dr Kurien’s 94th birth anniversary, @Mother Dairy is continuing his legacy of empowering and supporting the farmers through #TweetToFarmer, an initiative that aims to celebrate the contribution of farmers to the nation. Show your appreciation to the farmers by tweeting about how much we respect them with #TweetToFarmer. @Mother Dairy will convey these messages to farmers across India to tell them how much the people care for them. Because, #FarmersFirst!
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Southeast Asia’s mobile Internet revolution is on track, according to new report
Mobile phones are on track to becoming the primary access point to the Internet in Southeast Asia, according to a new report from Nielsen.
The analytics firm’s findings, taken from its inaugural Southeast Asia Digital Consumer Report which was released today, show that Internet-capable phones are already rivalling laptops, desktop computers sand tablets as primary Internet access points in households across the region.
The use of Internet-capable devices — which is chiefly led by smartphones — is particularly marked in Singapore but more significantly device ownership outranks household PCs and laptops in Thailand and Indonesia, with the rate of ownership in the latter more than double notebooks or desktops.
Vietnam is the only country where Internet-capable phones are owned by less than 60 percent of the surveyed sample, scoring just 32 percent – which is less than half of the country’s PC owner numbers, according to Nielsen.
The increased use of multiple platforms is also changing how those in Southeast Asia use the web, with social media usage increasing significantly according to Nielsen’s Melanie Ingrey.
The increasing availability and up-take of Internet-capable devices is driving usage of digital media across the region and bringing about considerable changes in the way media is consumed. More and more we are seeing consumers accessing multiple media platforms simultaneously, especially accessing the Internet whilst watching television which many consumers are doing several times per week.
Facebook is identified as the clear favourite for social networking users in all but one market, with Zing tipping Facebook to the top spot in Vietnam, that’s despite a government ban on the world’s most popular social network.
YouTube is a near unanimous second place in Southeast Asia, with the exception of Thailand and Vietnam where it is third, which, given also the recent launch of localised versions in Singapore and the Philippines, suggests its regional brand is developing formidable reach.
When it comes to social media marketing, the Philippines is the place where brands are finding the most success interacting with customers, as Nielsen reveals.
Almost two thirds of Philippines digital consumers (65%) have connected or interacted with brands, products or companies via social media in the past year, as have 60 percent of digital consumers in Malaysia and 56 percent in Singapore.
Perhaps tellingly, Filipinos spend an average of 21.5 hours online per week making them the second most prolific Internet users in Southeast Asia, behind only Singapore (25 hours). Indonesia sits bottom of the pile averaging just 14 hours per week, despite its high ownership of web-enabled phones.
Mobile has long been tipped to lead Internet access in developing regions like Asia and, with Nokia amongst those targeting ‘the next billion’ smartphone users in the continent. Next year’s report is likely to show an even greater increase in the usage and ownership of Internet-enabled smartphones in Southeast Asia.
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Russia outraged by case of sisters who killed abusive father
In this photo taken on Wednesday, June 26, 2019, Angelina Khachaturyan attends hearings in a court room in Moscow, Russia. Three Khachaturyan sisters, now aged 18, 19 and 20, face charges for the premeditated murder of their father who allegedly abused them for years, could land them in prison for up to 20-years, but the case has provoked outrage in Russia and calls to stop the court case. (Alexander Avilov, Moscow News Agency photo via AP)
MOSCOW — One evening last summer, Mikhail Khachaturyan decided that his living room wasn’t tidy enough, so he summoned his three teenage daughters one by one and doused each with pepper spray.
Such violence and abuse was not unusual in the Khachaturyan household, according to court records. But Maria, Angelina and Krestina Khachaturyan decided they couldn’t take it anymore. They waited until their father fell asleep in his rocking chair and attacked him with a kitchen knife and a hammer. He put up a fight but died within minutes.
The sisters, now aged 18, 19 and 20, were charged last month with premeditated murder in a case that has drawn outrage and illustrated how the Russian justice system handles domestic violence and sexual abuse cases.
More than 200,000 people have signed an online petition urging prosecutors to drop the murder charges, which could land the sisters in prison for up to 20 years.
Their supporters have protested outside Russian embassies in more than 20 locations abroad, and a theater has staged a show in solidarity. They had planned a major rally in central Moscow on Saturday, but said they had to cancel it, citing a refusal by city hall to provide security for the gathering.
“The Khachaturyan case is quite indicative of the general situation with domestic violence and how the Russian state responds to this problem,” says Yulia Gorbunova, who wrote an extensive report on domestic violence for Human Rights Watch last year.
Pressured by conservative family groups, President Vladimir Putin in 2017 signed a law decriminalizing some forms of domestic violence, which has no fixed definition in Russian legislation. Police routinely turn a blind eye to cases of domestic abuse, while preventive measures, such as restraining orders, are either lacking or not in wide use.
Court filings showed that the Khachaturyan sisters were repeatedly beaten and sexually abused by their father, a war veteran. He had kept a stockpile of knives, guns and rifles at home despite having been diagnosed with a neurological disorder. He repeatedly threatened neighbors and family with violence.
Lawyers for the Khachaturyan sisters say their clients were driven to the edge.
“The first day we met,” Krestina’s lawyer Alexei Liptser said, “she said she’s better off here, in jail, than living at home the way she had been.”
Going to the police was not an option because the sisters feared that things would only get worse. They had shared some of the horrors they had experienced with their friends but pleaded with them not to go to the police. In the year before the attack, the girls attended fewer than two months of classes in total, but the school administration did not interfere.
Prosecutors acknowledge the extraordinarily violent circumstances that pushed the teenagers to kill their father but insisted they should be tried for murder. The sisters’ lawyers argue that they were acting in self-defense in circumstances of lasting abuse and life-threatening violence.
The sisters have been released on bail and are barred from seeing each other, meeting with witnesses in the case and talking to the media. They are reportedly in good spirits. “At least, no one is beating them up,” Liptser says.
The case inspired 29-year-old Zarema Zaudinova to direct a show at the underground Theater Doc last week, combining the sisters’ experiences with performers’ own personal stories. Some members of the audience walked out after one of the more graphic accounts of abuse.
For Zaudinova, the Khachaturyan case was the last straw.
“We have no protection,” she says. “We will either get raped or we will get thrown into prison if we defend ourselves.”
Research on Russian criminal court cases compiled by the outlet Media Zona shows that of 2,500 women convicted of manslaughter or murder in 2016 to 2018, nearly 2,000 killed a family member in a domestic violence setting.
Human Rights Watch has documented cases where “a very clear case of self-defense” was not recognized as such by prosecutors and led to the victim’s imprisonment, according to Gorbunova.
“The choice is not whether you go to the police and get help,” she says. “The choice for these women was either to die or they had to protect themselves to the best of their ability.”
Almost 2,000 people have recently posted first-person accounts of abuse and victim-blaming to social media, after a young woman facing criminal charges for injuring her alleged rapist launched the hashtag #It’snotmyfault.
The bill to replace jail terms with fines in certain cases of domestic violence breezed through the Russian parliament in 2017 and was promptly signed by Putin. Despite its detrimental effect on domestic violence victims, the measure sparked a rare public debate on the issue in a country where a proverb goes: “If he beats you that means he loves you.”
Gorbunova says that public perception of domestic violence has been changing, triggered by the highly publicized court cases like that of the Khachaturyans or the case of Margarita Gracheva, whose husband, previously reported to police for threatening violence, took her to a forest and chopped off her hands. Gracheva endured online bullying and accusations of “provoking” her spouse before he was sentenced to 14 years in prison last year, a rare victory for a domestic violence victim in Russia.
The women of Theater Doc say the outcome of the Khachaturyan case would send a strong message to Russian society.
“We need to fight for it, and talk loud and clear about it,” says Zaudinova, who herself told a story onstage of being molested by a male relative at the age of 12. “If the girls get sent to prison and the court doesn’t acknowledge that that was self-defense, they will be putting more people in prison and you won’t be able to do anything to the person who decided to rape you.”
Tagged as: Russia outraged by case of sisters
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Trevor Houser
Director of the Energy & Climate Practice at the Rhodium Group
Trevor Houser is Director of the Energy & Climate Practice at the Rhodium Group (RHG), a specialised advisory partnership based in New York conducting original economic research on complex global themes. He is also a Visiting Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington, DC. His work focuses on energy markets, climate change, and the role emerging Asian countries play in both.
Mr. Houser is an Adjunct Professor at the City College of New York, his alma mater, and Visiting Fellow at the school’s Colin Powell Center for Policy Studies. Mr. Houser’s publications include China's Energy Evolution: The Consequences of Powering Growth at Home and Abroad (forthcoming with Daniel Rosen), Leveling the Carbon Playing Field: International Competition and US Climate Policy Design (2008), The Roots of Chinese Oil Investment Abroad (National Bureau of Asian Research, 2008) and China Energy: A Guide for the Perplexed (2007).
Articles by trevorhouser0
Ending the crisis without starting another: A “green” global recovery
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« Second thoughts on the Gospel of Mark as Biography
Why is Nazareth in the narrative? Why are women at the tomb? »
Why did opponents of Christianity not declare Jesus was a myth?
Filed under: Biblical Studies, New Testament
Tags: Christ Myth Debate, Christian Origins
Starting to catch up here with a few comments or queries that have bypassed the blog because they don’t quite fit to a post of mine. Here’s one:
But I want to ask a question from the opposite angle, but one that also concerns a conspicuous absence. We have to at least admit that Christianity was growing rapidly in the first three centuries CE, and after the first few generations of conspirators (that constructed a would-be Christ myth), we know that the growing movement in the 2nd and 3rd centuries believed in the historicity and resurrection account of Jesus.
So if at least that much is true…
WHY didn’t numerous 2nd and 3rd century Jews debunk the gospel/resurrection story in writing? I can find no evidence of such writings from the Jews…rather the writings that we do see argue against Jesus being the Messiah on theological grounds, not historical or forensic ones. If in fact the lack of historicity was so clear (and I dare say it would have been clearer then than now, since the mythology hadn’t had time to snowball down the hill of history and gain momentum), why not point it out with volumes of refutation?
The dates we assign to the canonical gospels and epistles attributed to Paul lay outside the purview of this question. The only critical element we need to raise the question is the known growth of the Christian movement, not the dates of individual texts within that movement.
If there’s a complete lack of historicity, why didn’t the non-adherents snuff out the Jesus fire before it got too large to be challenged by straightforward historical evidence?
I’ve seen a cogent answer to this question by Earl Doherty somewhere but I cannot locate it at the moment.
C. J. O’Brien recently gave his take on the question. Here is mine. . . .I used to wonder the same thing and for a time considered the possibility that an answer lay somewhere in the struggle between “proto-orthodoxy” and early docetism. It took me a little while to realize that my question partly arose out of placing modern concepts of the historical past into ancient minds. Historical studies are really only as old as the Enlightenment. But to backtrack a little first . . .
My own understanding begins with a clear distinction between the beliefs of Christianity as we know it and the unknowns and partly knowns of what existed before this Christianity became the orthodoxy. When Justin Martyr describes the spread of Christianity in the early to mid second century he indicates it is “unorthodox” beliefs that were more prevalent than his own views.
We find the same indications in the writings of other “Church Fathers”. Even the pastoral epistles and epistles of John tell us that “all of Asia” and “the whole world” has gone after “false teachers”. The letter of Paul were first testified as being the authorities of the “heretics”. Accusations of ‘enemies’ adding to the writings or taking away from the writings flew back and forth. The gospels also indicate that they are written for Christians who live amongst “false brethren” and that “true believers” are a victimized minority.
The original question, I think, assumes that Christianity mushroomed with its orthodox views from the beginning. I don’t think so. Hebrews and Revelation portray beliefs in a Jesus who is not of this world at all. There are similar indications in the Odes of Solomon and the earliest layer of the Ascension of Isaiah. And in Colossians, 1 Corinthians, et al.
Some of the earliest Christian art forms we see (I’m thinking of the earliest sarcophagi) suggest something less literal and orthodox than we are accustomed to. Jesus is depicted being baptized as a young boy, for example.
Even the letter of Pliny speaking of Christians (if it is genuine) is curious in what it both does and does not say about the beliefs of Christians in the time of Trajan. Even under torture witnesses apparently gave no hint that they worshiped a Jewish man crucified by a Roman governor.
And don’t forget the Valentinians. See, for instance, my own attempt to graphically portray the extent of the various Christianities around the second century.
So though we have evidence that Christianity was spreading rapidly throughout the second century, it is by no means clear that the bulk of these Christians held the beliefs that we associate with what subsequently emerged as Christian.
What that earliest Christian world (or world of various Chrisianities) was like, and its various debates, have been mostly lost from view.
By the time orthodoxy was gaining traction there was no means of suggesting that its central character had never historically existed. One side was declaring the need to have faith in the Jesus of the gospels; the other sides were saying that that was a heresy or a nonsense. Claims were made, and those who felt compelled to oppose those claims had no choice but to do so within the parameters set out by their opponents.
This is where we need to avoid asking why the opponents did not think like post-enlightenment history-savvy folks. There was no reason (or intellectual tools) for anyone to question the historicity of the underlay. The debate was between the theological claim and counter-claim.
The question of setting a newly created myth in recent times
Another facet of this question is the question of how or why many would have accepted a mythical person and event that was set in relatively recent times instead of the dim distant past. (A most fundamental answer is that it certainly was the Christ myth, not the historical Jesus, who seized the imaginations of believers from the start.)
This question also rests on the assumption that Christianity was born in orthodoxy rather than over time coalesced into orthodoxy.
One answer is that we don’t know when some of the early strands of Christianity placed Jesus’ crucifixion (perhaps not all even believed in a crucified Christ, either). Paul, for example, does not speak of Christ crucified in his own time, but of the revelation of the mystery of Christ crucified. That leaves open when the event of that revealed mystery was supposed to have happened. Although it might be worth noting that Paul and other NT authors say it was kept a mystery from the beginning or from the prophets. Revelation speaks of it happening at the foundation of the world. Christian interpreters and others have taken that to mean it was only ordained from then. Maybe they’re right. But how do we know?
But as for the orthodox Christian belief as we interpret it in the canonical gospels, I fail to see a problem with placing the event in the generation before the fall of Jerusalem in the year 70.
The “myth” was not a myth of how the world began, but of how the last days had begun. One of the myth’s functions was to explain the fall of Jerusalem. Proto-orthodox Christians found legitimacy by appropriating (I once used the word “hijacking” and got crucified for it) the Jewish scriptures as their own. To do that, they had to allegorize them all (the way Greek and Roman philosophers allegorized Homer and the way Philo had done) to rob them of any relevance to the Jews (except to condemn them for not embracing their allegorical interpretation) and to make them a uniquely Christian set of books. Their age made them venerable, and their ‘prophecies’ of the last days beginning with the Christ sent to the Jews just before their destruction at the hand of the Romans made them relevant.
There is nothing strange about assigning a mythical event (probably in sincere belief it was a literal event, too, according to the revelation of the scriptures) to introduce “the last days” in “the last days” themselves.
Who was there, after the fall of Jerusalem and the related chaos of slaughters and deportations into slavery and refugees seeking new homes, to declare that there had been no such Jesus walking around Galilee over 40 years earlier? The audiences of these gospels were not (well, probably not) inhabitants of Capernaum who could ask their grandparents “if they were true”. It is not insignificant, methodologically, that we have no external attestation of these gospels until well into the second century anyway. But even if the gospels were written in the latter decades of the first century, consider their audiences and where they were, and how long before they were able to attract notice and raise questions.
No, the gospels indicate what other Christian sources (e.g. epistle of Barnabas, Justin Martyr) likewise indicate, that their stories were believed because they were revealed histories from the scriptures.
Homer’s “history” of the Trojan war was revealed by the Muses. Revelation comprised a key component in Jewish and Christian histories even where there were genuinely historical foundations for the narratives. To validate a narrative the faithful would do as the Bereans did and turn to the scriptures to see whether those things were so. Luke does not tell us they sent a delegation to Jerusalem and Galilee to cross examine eye-witnesses.
A Justin postscript
Justin Martyr tells us that the Jews did sent out delegations following the twelve apostles around the world to undermine their message (Trypho, chapter 17). I think this is a piece of fiction as much as the twelve themselves, and Justin creates it to further his theological cum racist agenda. But it opens up the question: what did the earliest critics of Christianity argue against the earliest Christians? We scarcely have much idea what constituted beliefs among the earliest (and “proto”) Christianities; we certainly have nothing surviving from their critics.
Posted on 2011-01-22 19:21:52 GMT+0000 by Neil Godfrey. This entry was posted in Biblical Studies, New Testament and tagged Christ Myth Debate, Christian Origins. Bookmark the permalink.
Tim Widowfield
C.J. hit the nail on the head. The ancient polemicists would rather offer a counter-myth to contradict the Christian claims than simply say, “None of what you says is true.” There’s not much to write after you’ve said that.
Consider what Celsus offered by way of counter-myth. He wrote that Jesus had been “born in a certain Jewish village, of a poor woman of the country, who gained her subsistence by spinning, and who was turned out of doors by her husband, a carpenter by trade, because she was convicted of adultery; that after being driven away by her husband, and wandering about for a time, she disgracefully gave birth to Jesus, an illegitimate child, who having hired himself out as a servant in Egypt on account of his poverty, and having there acquired some miraculous powers, on which the Egyptians greatly pride themselves, returned to his own country, highly elated on account of them, and by means of these proclaimed himself a God.”
Neil, that there were many variations of christianity in antiquity is not evidence or does not create an inference that it was based on a myth, and it does not answer why its opponents did not raise the point.
If christians took well-known Jewish stories and attributed them to Jesus, you might have a stronger point (although there are numerous other problems with the Jesus-didn’t-exist theory, including the apparent historicity of his relatives).
But that isn’t what happened. Jews believed in a Messiah who would save the day. The problem jews had with Christianity was that the prophet/messiah was killed, not that he didn’t exist. And christians had to create a whole new story as a way of dealing with the fact that things didn’t happen as planned. So they decided on the death as sacrifice for sins and justification lines of thought.
That is the most simple, logical explanation.
And to get back to the last thread, you do believe Mark is “fiction” as the word is commonly used, whether you want to use that word or not. You do believe in what is commonly known as “mythicism,” even if you would prefer to not be labeled that way.
For which we have not one shred of evidence apart from Gospel narrative itself. It is that Gospel narrative that is in question. So to declare that it is the explanation for the problem is arguing in a circle.
How about responding to my last comment on that thread? My interest is in historical inquiry into Christian origins. For that reason I believe it is more useful to understand how the ancients themselves thought rather than for us to muddy the question with modern concepts unless we can first demonstrate their relevance.
Do you really think we share a common enough interest to engage in a fruitful discussion? I am not interested in apologetic defences or attacks.
Nate P.
I think I’m mostly satisfied, Neil. Although we should note that most of the rival Christianities that know something about (Marcionite, docetism, adoptionist ideas, etc.) still had a Historical Jesus at the core. So the Jews could have attacked Christianity in most of its forms by dispelling the HJ as a fiction. And if they had done this, I think history would have bore out a different result. The more hyper-spiritualized sects (where Jesus never needed to be historical at all) would have won the battle over orthodoxy. This is speculation obviously, but the fact that even most of the fighting factions that remained by the time of the late apologists (and even all the way to Constantine) believed in a HJ…this at least shows that any doubters in the the HJ packed little punch with their arguments. Had the argument been appropriately made, I think the content of orthodoxy would have come out differently.
That said, I think your points about the lack of access to historical evidence are the best explanation. I can imagine that Jewish polemicists DID want to argue against the historicized Christ character in the early Gospels – but especially after the fall of Jerusalem and its subsequent chaos, they had no access to any evidence worth exhibiting. I read Mr. O’Brien’s post as well, and you are right to link his thoughts into this post. They seem spot on in their logic. And also, I loved your insight about he Bereans in Acts 17, doing revisionist history through study of scripture. I suppose the overall point here is that, at that period of time and with the available methodology for argumentation, revisionist histories were the only histories one could feasibly do. I think I can go along with this explanation – so thanks.
I think Earl Doherty gave the most cogent answer I have ever read, so if/when I find it I will link to it here.
My post is only my own take, obviously, and I know it won’t satisfy everyone.
drdave
Neil, perhaps p527 “A One Sided Contest” (Jesus: Neither God nor Man) bears on Doherty’s thinking on the Jewish non-response to Christianity.
Thanks drdave. It’s not the reference I was thinking of but it’s well worth noting here.
In sum, Doherty says here that the failure of Jews to respond to early Christian claims by discrediting Jesus is indeed remarkable — IF the Christians really were preaching from the beginning that the Jews had slain their own messiah and brought all their woes of war and its aftermath upon themselves. The earliest indication of any Jewish response is found in Justin’s claims of the mid second century.
If the Jews were amazingly slow off the mark, it was because they had in effect been sucker punched. They failed to see it coming because they had no awareness, no memories about the newly-reputed Christian originating event. Their reaction was piecemeal, disorganized, because what they found themselves reacting to had no basis in anything they could put their finger on in their own historical background. (p. 528)
GakuseiDon
I think we can also look at how the Second Century Christians attacked the Roman myths. If Paul’s Mythical Jesus was influenced by Hellenistic culture which held similar mythical beliefs about spiritual saviours like Attis and Mithras as Doherty claims, then regardless of whatever happened to Paul’s Mythical Jesus Christianity, that Hellenistic culture presumably still existed in the wider pagan world by the time that the ‘historicist’ Christians arrived.
And yet, when Christians like Justin Martyr attacked the Roman myths, he famously said “we [Christians] propound nothing different from what you [pagans] believe”. Could Justin have claimed this if the pagans believed that their gods acted in a “supernatural realm” while Second Century Christians believed that Christ had incarnated on earth? Keep in mind that Justin believed in a historical Jesus and was knowledgeable about the philosophical traditions of the time. Or did ‘supernatural realm mythology’ disappear from the pagan world at the same time as well?
I cover this in my review of Doherty’s “Jesus: Neither God Nor Man” on my website, starting from here:
http://members.optusnet.com.au/gakuseidon/JNGNM_Review1.html
Don, reading your website, it seems clear that you (and Doherty) place the “undisputed” Pauline epistles before 70 CE.
If the epistles attributed to Paul were written pre-70 CE, what do you consider Romans 11 to be referring to? What is 1 Thess 2:16 referring to?
C.J.O’Brien
It should be noted that the earthly, material existence (in a mythic past or a Golden Age) of figures like Osiris, Herakles, Asklepios, and Dionysus was granted by ancient commentators. What was in dispute was the (metanarrative) significance of the narratives about them and the nature of a particular figure’s relationship with the supernatural Divine.
This raises the question, of course, of how this mode of mythmaking was employed to retroject a fiction into the relatively recent past. Ironically, the answer is that it was for Christian opponents’, just as much as for commentator pf above, “the most simple, logical explanation” that the demythologized core of a narrative about a marginal religious radical’s squalid execution was more or less true. Because the significance attributed to such a shameful ending was so perverse to ancient commentators, disputing the foundation seemed utterly pointless, even counterproductive. When you think your opponent has just hung himself with his own words, you don’t quibble, you attack by demonstrating that what he professes to believe is absurd or actively dangerous in its challenge to normative beliefs.
Also, Neil, you are right on as regards the eschatological orientation of the Christ myth in particular being determinitive for the placement of the events in Mark in a time as recent as the 30s. I think that between the earliest Pauline material and Mark there must have been a significant anxiety about just when things had been set in motion. You can’t very well claim that the last days are upon us, and oh, by the by, they have been since the days of Antochus Epiphanes but we only just now noticed. As always we have to keep in mind that apocalypticism is first and foremost literary, a mode of expression, and that the varieties of eschatological belief have to be read between the lines.
Finally (I’m in scattershot mode) this from the quotation in your post: “conspirators (that constructed a would-be Christ myth)” is an entirely typical (and, I should add a rhetorical, intentional) misinterpretation of the idea that Jesus of Nazareth is a literary fiction. Literary mythmaking in a society that operates on a mytho-poetic understanding of history and the human relationship to the divine requires no underhanded tactics or backroom collusion. It was a public, participatory affair. There are clearly some historical puzzles involved in the question of how and when a cosmic myth got brought down to earth, but we should not be distracted by the anachronistic idea that the traditions involved were conceived in secret with the intent to mislead. Communities divorced from traditional forms of redemptive media invented their own, and only after they did was anyone deceived that their creations reflected an interest in questions other than mytho-poetic ones.
Joseph Wallack
JW:
I think the HJ argument that absence of the ancient counter-claim of MJ is evidence of HJ, is evidence of HJ. It’s just not very good evidence since it is an absence of evidence (negative) argument. The argument has the following weaknesses:
1) MJ can appeal to the initial source for Christian evidence of Jesus, Paul, who has a theme of Revelation, for the MJ position. Thus, an argument based on reaction to Paul, is less important.
2) As McDuff pointed out, the ancient standards for historical evidence were much looser. Early polemics show that each side seemed to accept the base historical claims of the other as a starting point. The arguments were more philosophical in nature rather than historical. I almost hate to say this because it reminds me too much of the god-awful HJ argument that based on ancient standards there is huge evidence for HJ but to reverse the argument, where are the early Christians claim that Pagan rivals to Jesus were fiction? (For those who need points sharply explained including JP Holding who is scratching his chin here saying “Hmmm, JW is right, what is the difference in arguments here?”, the difference is the standard for historicity should be modern while the issue of this post is ancient standards).
3) Celsus, as preserved in Origen, gets close to claiming the Gospels are all fiction, by claiming all but the original are:
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/origen162.html
“CHAP. XXVII.
After this he says, that certain of the Christian believers, like persons who in a fit of drunkenness lay violent hands upon themselves, have corrupted the Gospel from its original integrity, to a threefold, and fourfold, and many-fold degree, and have remodelled it, so that they might be able to answer objections. Now I know of no others who have altered the Gospel, save the. followers of Marcion, and those of Valentinus, and, I think, also those of Lucian. But such an allegation is no charge against the Christian system, but against those who dared so to trifle with the Gospels. And as it is no ground of accusation against philosophy, that there exist Sophists, or Epicureans, or Peripatetics, or any others, whoever they may be, who hold false opinions; so neither is it against genuine Christianity that there are some who corrupt the Gospel histories, and who introduce heresies opposed to the meaning of the doctrine of Jesus.”
Interestingly, Origen seems unaware that in Celsus’ time, late 1st century, the Gospels are still anonymous, as Celsus never identifies them by name. Per Celsus, all subsequent Gospels have a source of Apologetics and not historical witness. Note especially that Celsus makes a modern type textual observation:
“Christian believers, like persons who in a fit of drunkenness lay violent hands upon themselves, have corrupted the Gospel from its original [Mark] integrity, to a threefold [Synoptics], and fourfold [Canon], and many-fold [non-orthodox]degree, and have remodelled it, so that they might be able to answer objections”
which Origen, the top Christian Bible scholar of the early Church, is clueless about.
4) The Church would have considered a claim of MJ blasphemous and may have censored the claim. The two great early critics of Christianity, Celsus and Porphyry, were both censored by Christianity and I speculate that the Great Library contained both and worse.
Steven Carr
So on the Historical Jesus theory, Christians went around explaining that a recently crucified criminal had lived before Abraham , and was the agent through whom God had created the world, and was due back any minute to judge everybody in the world, and opponents were supposed to refute this , not by writing them off as lunatics, but by investigating to see if any criminals had been crucified by Pilate?
Dammit Steven. Why don’t you be the first to speak and clarify the issues so we don’t keep wasting our time?
Yes, Steve. And here, where historicist camp uses it, the argument from silence is brilliant and needs to be refuted.
Doherty believes that the early Christians and their contemporary pagans believed in a “spiritual realm” (“World of Myth”), so I looked at the evidence for this. Part of this analysis was looking at the Second Century Christian apologists and how they attacked the Roman gods. According to Doherty, early Christians would have been eager to exploit the advantage of a recently historical saviour figure over the “average pagan” belief of their gods existing in this “World of Myth”.
Second Century apologists like Justin Martyr, Tertullian and Origen were educated members of the Roman Empire who would have grown up immersed in its religious and philosophical culture. They would have been certainly familiar with the views of both the average and educated pagan of their day. And yet, in all their attacks on the Roman gods, there is not a hint of the idea that the pagans thought their gods acted out their stories in a “World of Myth”. They attacked the pagan myths as being allegories, or the fiction of poets, or the lies of demons.
Probably many readers are familiar with the famous quote by Justin Martyr that “we [Christians] propound nothing different from what you [pagans] believe”. Could Justin have claimed this if the pagans believed that their gods acted in a “supernatural realm” while Second Century Christians believed that Christ had incarnated on earth? Keep in mind that Justin believed in a historical Jesus and was knowledgeable about the philosophical traditions of the time. So the question isn’t just why did the ‘historicist’ Christians not notice the earlier ‘mythicist’ Christians, but why did they not also notice the ‘mythicist’ pagans when attacking the Roman gods?
** This is my second go at this post. In my last post, I linked to my review of Earl Doherty’s “Jesus: Neither God Nor Man”, which is where most of the above came from. However, I suspect adding links into posts is causing them to be sent to Neil’s spam folder, so I didn’t add any links this time.
Do you know what works Doherty used to arrive at his conclusion about the supernatural realm? I had read a a work that has been used by proponents of the theory. I forget the name of the Roman writer, he is discussing Osiris. If I’m not mistaken, he discuses a couple of different ways people envisioned the god, and the Romans are surprisingly modern in this, ideas like he was a human king from long ago, an allegory for how the water fertilizes the Nile and the one I think Doherty is taken up. It presents the Osiris-Isis myth as a sort of description of some creative force that interacts with matter. It seemed like the sort of thinking the Gnostic’s engaged in, and would have been the Roman equivalent to our theoretical physics.
The difficulty for believing that Paul has such a thing in mind for Jesus’ birth and crucifiction,(and that is really all we are discussing. It is, in fact, the doctrine of orthodox Christianity that Jesus was with the father since the beginning and is with the father in heaven now, the HJ aspect is the period between his birth and death) is he doesn’t explain them in any detail, and the detail he gives would lead one to think Jesus is descended from real humans(whether Abram is real is not the issue, since Paul thinks that this man is the father of Jewish race, you may sub in any anonymous figure who is the last common ancestor of the Jewish race) while theoreticaly you could interpret those words to mean anything else, why should you?. There is simply no evidence to suggest any one in history thought this about Jesus until the modern era. Even the gnostic books speak of Jesus as a god who interacted with the real world in the form of a human being.
The theory stands on the question of why don’t the early text make more use of the worldly life of Jesus, and the perceived incomprehensibility of a human, in the environment ascribed to Jesus, having a belief system like Christianity evolve around them. On point one, it is interesting, but is such a difficulty that a new form of Christianity, otherwise unknown, needs to be imagined to explain it? On point two, I think most students of religious history and anthropology will not find the traditional basic theory for the development of Christianity a difficulty.
Mike, I suspect you are thinking of Plutarch and his “On Isis and Osiris”. I discuss this heavily in my review of Doherty. I won’t try to post a link here, but you should be able to google my review using “gakuseidon doherty jesus neither god nor man part 4”. Part 4 covers “the World of Myth” concept, including Plutarch.
Posting anything with under eight links should not be a problem. Can you try posting again with the link? I need cases like this to send to WordPress for them to be able to fix the problem.
Neil, looks like my original post has reappeared, with the link intact. I’ll add a link to my homepage here and see if that works: http://members.optusnet.com.au/gakuseidon/
Thanks Don. I added your article to my favorites list.
I believe that the Dead Sea Scrolls offer the earliest and best criticism of Christianity, as Robert Eisenman suggests. This criticsm was naturally suppressed by the Romans from the start, so it was not readily available until now. The kind of people that a hand in destroying the Dead Sea Scrolls sectarians also had a hand in creating New Testament Christianity.
I’ve been enjoying the articles investigating these “kind of people” summarized here:
http://historyhuntersinternational.org/2010/11/11/when-evil-mixed-itself-with-good-and-befuddled-the-world/
As for critics of later Christianity, they are where they should be, in the second century and after, after the gospels were written.
Neil, you are right that this is fruitless. If you think that I’m an apologist after I opined that Jesus was a failed apocalyptic prophet, you really have a skewed reality of christianity.
Also, you are totally inconsistent in how you treat evidence. You reject different opinions that have no proof that would stand in court but fail to see that everthing you believe is 100% speculation that has very little logic behind it. And you know, we would get along if we met. Politically, I’m close to you an I hate fundamentalism. But you think you have a lot of evidence on this issue but you don’t.
My impression, on the other hand, is that what you perceive as speculation and as having little logic derives from a misreading of my posts. When you replied “that there were many variations of christianity in antiquity is not evidence or does not create an inference that it was based on a myth, and it does not answer why its opponents did not raise the point”, I scarcely know how to respond because I did not intend to suggest such an argument. The point I was attempting to make had to do with the nature of the different types of Christianity, not the fact that “there were many variations”. And this post was indeed largely speculative and based on much else that is argued elsewhere, as I attempted to indicate in the post by explaining it was merely “my take” on the question.
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Nicaragua » About Nicaragua » News Headlines » Women in the revolution and the revolution of women festival in Matagalpa
Women in the revolution and the revolution of women festival in Matagalpa
ViaNica.com | Jul 10, 2009
Cinthia Membreño
Concerts, documentaries screenings, conferences, among other activities, will be part of the fourth edition of a festival named "Women in the revolution and the revolution of women", which started yesterday, July 9, at Centro Cultural Guanuca, situated in the department of Matagalpa.
According to information provided by Carola Brantome, board member of this institution, the event is held every year, since 2005, in order to honor those women who participated in the insurrection of Nicaragua and during the revolutionary process of the 80's.
"The festival has changed its dynamic over the years," said Brantome. This change has been accomplished by new artistic, cultural and aesthetic proposals that have allowed the audience to own a space where they can debate topics like the history of revolutionary processes and the contribution of women towards the freedom of people.
The activities will end on Saturday, July 18, at 7:30 pm with the concert of "Los Hijos del Maíz" group, will plays testimonial and Nicaraguan traditional music. All the activities are for free and have the main objective of showing young people, from a feminist perspective, a critical look at the history of the revolution and its contradictions. For more information, see our Events Calendar.
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Just Buffalo’s BABEL: Viet Thanh Nguyen
Lizzie Finnegan reviews Viet Thanh Nguyen’s Nothing Ever Fies: Vietnam and the Memory of War for The Public.
“I was born in Vietnam but made in America,” begins Viet Thanh Nguyen’s kaleidoscopic exploration of memory and loss, Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War. The theme of a divided self, of a deep sense of homelessness, pervades Nguyen’s work. Born in Ban Me Thuot in South Vietnam in 1971 to parents who were immigrants from North Vietnam, Nguyen spent only the first four years of his childhood in the country of his birth. After the fall of Saigon in 1975, his family fled as refugees to the United States. Today he is the Aerol Arnold Chair of English and Professor of English and American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California. His first novel, The Sympathizer, won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction; in 2017 he was awarded a MacArthur Genius Grant. His new book of short stories, The Refugees, was published in 2017. He will speak at Kleinhans Music Hall at 8pm this Friday, March 23 as part of the BABEL series curated by the Just Buffalo Literary Center.
Nguyen’s prose is dizzyingly poetic in both his fiction and nonfiction. He has an unsettling way of unearthing the emotional and cultural minefields we unthinkingly reconnoiter every day: the ways in which we carelessly ignore the concerns of those we have identified as “other”; the way we enfold American nationalism into every corner of our lives without question; the ways in which we support eternal war with the casual cruelty of children—with every purchase, every turn of our car’s ignition key, every phone call or click on the internet, every airplane trip, every house-cleaning session, every bank transaction—each of these a gesture of support for the corporations that also make the tanks and ammunition, that harvest the oil and other resources from the countries we invade and occupy, that enslave the populations we so readily dismiss.
Born in Vietnam and made in America, Nguyen’s work negotiates the dense labyrinths of the double consciousness of the refugee. The Sympathizer is to fiction what Nothing Ever Dies is to nonfiction: its unnamed narrator is a conflicted and multifaceted character struggling to define his own identity. The double consciousness that plagues him, as the son of a French Catholic priest and a teenage Vietnamese girl, a child growing up in a world he cannot fit into, powerfully evokes Ralph Ellison’s The Invisible Man. Nguyen explicitly invokes Ellison’s novel and W.E.B. DuBois’s concept of double consciousness in Nothing Ever Dies, sketching out an intricate and strikingly original interpretation of the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington, D.C. He describes the memorial as a work of art that resonates as both metaphorical wound and literal mirror, a black wall that “captures how the dead belong to the living as their own but are also irrevocably other.” In its own doubleness, the black wall gives visitors the uncanny experience “of seeing themselves and being seen by the dead” through both its “embodiment of remembering oneself as well as its evocation of otherness.”
In a sense, this book itself reverberates with its own double consciousness, or, perhaps, multiple consciousnesses. Destabilizing the boundaries between memoir and history, between art and politics, between citizen and bureaucracy, between self and other, Nothing Ever Dies indicts a history of American foreign policy inseparable from self-serving nationalist ideologies and—even more unsettling—from an almost pathological streak of inhumanity that most Americans resolutely refuse to see. With a stunning unity of form and content, Nguyen has given us a collage of diverse and sometimes contesting voices that demonstrate the impossibility of either remembering or forgetting with impunity or without complicity.
I am teaching Nothing Ever Dies this semester in a First-Year Liberal Arts Seminar at D’Youville College, a course for which faculty choose a theme around which to structure readings and assignments. My theme this semester is “Mysteries of Memory & Feats of Forgetting”; over these 16 weeks, we explore the shadowy drama of human consciousness: repressed and recovered memories, collective memory, cultural memory, trauma, amnesia, and neurological disorders of memory. We’re reading fiction, medical case studies, war stories, science fiction, poetry, film, historiography, and memoir; in our discussions, we work with conflicting perspectives on the reliability and fallibility of memory; look at examples of the relationship between memory and art; debate the responsibility to bear witness; and struggle to comprehend the interdependence of memory and identity.
For the course, students first produce a personal memoir project, and then spend the majority of the semester creating an online multimedia collage installation on a topic, person, or event that resonates in American collective memory. We’re reading Nguyen’s book as part of our investigation of the politics of public memory and what (or whose) histories are chosen to be remembered—or erased—in memorials, textbooks, art, movies, and the media. My 40 or so students and I will be attending Nguyen’s upcoming talk in the BABEL series, and a major part of our class activities with the book has been to prepare them for that event, including writing questions to submit to the author for the Q&A session.
It wasn’t my purpose to teach the history of the Vietnam War; rather, my goal was to use Vietnam as a case study through which to study American collective memory at work. We began with Peter Davis’s devastating 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds, studied Martin Luther King’s fiery “Beyond Vietnam” speech, and then launched into Nguyen’s book. Most of my students, when I asked, admitted that they knew next to nothing about the Vietnam War and had not learned about it in high school. (Even more unsettling, to me, was that their high school classes had not covered the 1990 or current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, either.) Most had no idea why any of these wars had been started and had no solid opinion about them. So I decided to start our discussion by asking these young people to reflect, and write, about the fact that their country has been at war for their entire lives (most of them are 18). The majority of them had never thought about it; had never thought about it as having any effect on or relevance to their own lives, and, if anything, assumed that our troops “over there” were “defending our freedom.”
This opened up an ongoing discussion about the complicity of citizens in supporting, and making possible, what Nguyen calls “the war machine.” As he reminds us, “a war machine is a pervasive system of complicity that requires not only its front line troops but also its extensive network of logistical, emotional, and ideological support.” And further: that complicity is damning evidence of our own inhumanity and our refusal to acknowledge the suffering of others—of those who are “not us” because of their race, gender, religion, or national origin. “War’s obscenity,” asserts Nguyen, “lies not only in broken bodies but also in the complicity of the citizenry…Isn’t there something inhuman and monstrous about carrying on our daily business—indeed, in enjoying ourselves—while people die because of our war machine?”
What my students have struggled with the most is being confronted by the notion of their own immersion in ideology and identity politics; we Americans persist in imagining ourselves as heroic and perpetually innocent. Navigating the topics of nationalism and patriotism is a thorny business in an American classroom, where my predominantly white students appear stunned at the suggestion of their cultural dominance and the few students of color (three of them Vietnamese Americans) listen avidly but stay absolutely still, as if trying not to be noticed. Nguyen pulls no punches on this subject: “Those with the power to define themselves in relation to others,” he writes, “have the privilege of believing that they themselves have neither identities nor ideologies, neither biases nor politics… The powerful believe themselves to be impartial, unbiased, fair, objective, and universal, and do not like to be reminded that they are not, or that their power depends upon creating and targeting others.”
What do words like this, arguments like this, mean to an 18-year-old college student? While responses were varied, many of my students, in their written reflections and verbal comments, have taken these ideas deeply to heart, some writing about their own “double consciousness” experience of being resolutely American and yet now also seeing themselves, for the first time, through the eyes of others. The view from there is not as rosy as the view we have of ourselves from inside our social media pages, safely ensconced in our sleek and well-appointed homes complete with every imaginable device and appliance, consuming the rest of the world with an insatiable appetite for our own entitlement. The view from outside chastens, even shames us; so many of my students came to class asking: what can we do? How can we change—change ourselves, change our country, change our world? How do we go about ending endless war?
We found the most inspiring answers to these questions in Nguyen’s insistence on art as a method of waging peace and his call for artists to stand up and speak out against the inhumanity of war and of nationalism, to embody and model the humanity we must strive for if we wish to be an ethical society. We talked about their own projects for this class as projects of what Nguyen calls “just memory”—a memory that demands that we acknowledge the humanity of those we call others while at the same time forcing ourselves to look unwaveringly at our own inhumanity toward those others. The project proposals I am seeing from these first-year students are ambitious in both scope and purpose. These young Americans are committed to creating, through research, writing, and creativity, works of art that do justice to “the forgotten, the excluded, the oppressed, the dead, the ghosts”—to righting the wrongs of our collective “unjust memory” by demanding of themselves that they allow the Other to compel them to justice.
As Nguyen has it, “the genuinely political artist can see across all kinds of borders, beginning with those that separate selves from others. For the artist, politics should ultimately be about abolishing sides, venturing into the no man’s land between trenches, borders, and camps. We need an art that celebrates the humanity of all sides and acknowledges the inhumanity of all sides, including our own. We need an art that enacts powerful memory, an art that speaks truth to power even when our side exercises and abuses that power.”
That Nguyen himself is one such artist is clear. My hope is that, in encountering the visionary humanity of his work, my students will locate their own humanity; that they will summon the courage to engage our brutal war machine with their own heads and hearts, letting the diver’s bell down deep into the rage and compassion and creative power that slumbers inchoate within them, ready at any moment to awake.
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Doctors are warning parents not to give their children cough syrup
by: Jack Godwin
Being a parent can often be stressful. If we're being honest, it's stressful pretty much all the time. You have to balance your finances, your career, your relationship with your partner, your health and your happiness, all while tending to the wants and needs of the often-manic children causing havoc in your home.
So when they take to being ill and you find yourself caring for them to a greater degree, you want help as soon as possible.
It's a simple solution to turn to over-the-counter medicine like cough syrup to treat children who are under the weather, but apparently this isn't the right thing to do. According to Dr. Oliver Bevington, a senior paediatric medical professional at Southampton Children's Hospital, parents should be avoiding buying these products at all.
Bevington has warned that buying cough syrup over the counter at the pharmacy may actually be toxic in large doses, especially in the child is particularly young. "The bottom line is there is absolutely no evidence that cough medicines work as there has been very little research with regards to their use," he said. "and potentially, they could actually do children more harm than good".
Many cough syrup products contain paracetomol, which it is possible to overdose on unintentionally. And when it comes to children under the age of six, they are particularly at risk to the possible side effects. On the medical website The Hippocratic Post, he wrote:
"We are now heading into our busiest time of the year where hospitals and GPs will see hundreds of children a day with respiratory symptoms including coughing, colds and temperatures."
"Most coughs and colds in children will be caused by a viral infection which will get better without antibiotics and with rest, fluids and possibly paracetamol and/or ibuprofen, though many parents worry persistent symptoms will be damaging and reach for cough syrups."
"A lot of parents find the symptom of cough troublesome, particularly as it can persist for several weeks after the infection has gone, and worry that it is damaging their child in some way. Most of the time it is more of an annoyance than actually causing any real harm."
"However, parents still like to reach for the over-the-counter cough syrups that are widely available but there is a lot of conflicting advice about their use, which parents understandably find confusing."
He goes on to describe that there are better options than cough syrup and other cold medicines, which contain ingredients such as antihistamines, nasaldecongestants, and 'cough suppressors', that may have terrible effects if had in large quantities.
"They may also contain paracetamol and parents may unintentionally find themselves overdosing their child with cough medicine and paracetamol. As with any medicine, there remains a risk that any of the ingredients could cause an allergic reaction or other unwanted side effect."
Bevington's advice to parents is to stick to the old fashioned method of honey and lemon, rest, and plenty of fluids. He says that if it's needed, having paracetamol or ibuprofen per the pack instructions can work as you know exactly how much they are receiving, and of course turn to a doctor if symptoms last beyond a few days.
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Sheriff J. Derek Morgan
J. Derek Morgan is a life-long Wabash County resident who graduated from Mt. Carmel High School in 1998 before attending Southern Illinois University-Carbondale (SIU-C).
As a youth he was involved in Wabash County 4-H as a member of the City Slickers earning ribbons in multiple categories. While at MCHS , Sheriff Morgan was active in various athletics and was a member of the Future Business Leaders of America. Sheriff Morgan graduated from SIU-C in 2003, with a Bachelor's degree in Administration of Justice and a minor of Psychology.
In 2003, J. Derek Morgan joined the Wabash County Sheriff's Office as a Deputy Sheriff. While serving as Deputy Sheriff, Morgan furthered his education earning multiple criminal justice certificates .
Derek and his wife Tia have been married for 13 years and have two children; Clay and Kelsey. Sheriff Morgan's wife Tia, is a Financial Representative for Country Financial in Mt. Carmel. The Morgan's are active members of the First Christian Church in Allendale.
In 2013, Derek announced his intention to run for Wabash County Sheriff and won the Republican primary in March of 2014. Derek was then elected Sheriff with a victory in the General Elections in November of the same year. J. Derek Morgan now serves as Wabash County's 14th Sheriff (since 1928) in his constitutional role as the Chief Law Enforcement Officer of Wabash County.
Since taking office, Sheriff Morgan has been focused reducing costs to the taxpayers in several aspects of the Sheriff's Office. For example, Morgan has overhauled the jail healthcare and food service, worked many shifts as a Deputy and has implemented a K9 program for the department.
Derek serves on the Board for; Wabash County Youth in Action, Wabash County Project Success, Wabash County Emergency Telephones Systems Board, Wabash County Crime Stoppers and the chairman of the Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drugs Project Team.
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NWSL Draft Sound: Tegan McGrady’s California roots, championship pedigree
by sambishopcws February 19, 2019
Boyds, Md. – Tegan McGrady, the No. 7 overall pick in the 2019 NWSL College Draft, joins her former Stanford teammate Andi Sullivan – and fellow 2019 draftee Jordan DiBiasi – as the third 1st round pick to join the Spirit out of Stanford in the past two years.
Tegan McGrady credits much of her success to former Stanford teammate Andi Sullivan
“Andi has helped me so much grow over the years, from Stanford, and she always had positive remarks for me but also had constructive criticisms and it’s really helped me turn into the player that I am now and just watching her lead and how hard that she works it just made me want to put so much more work in every single day,” said McGrady.
McGrady, the seventh overall pick in the 2019 NWSL College Draft, played alongside current Spirit and U.S. WNT midfielder Andi Sullivan for three years at Stanford, winning three PAC-12 Championships and the 2017 D-I NCAA National Championship in their time together.
Tegan McGrady’s youth success and California roots guided her pathway to Stanford
“I started playing soccer when I was really young, about three years old, and started out on the field with my mom and my sister, so it has kind of been my life forever now,” McGrady said. “Just growing up it was my dream to play for Stanford and I found my way to that growing up in San Jose, California. I was surrounded by really good clubs and MVLA just helped me become the player that I am now.”
Prior to arriving at Stanford, McGrady played for the Mountain View-Los Altos Soccer Club and a was first-team All-San Jose area selection at Santa Teresa High School while leading her high school squad to the 2014 CS Division I title. In addition to achieving honors as a two-time NSCAA Youth All-American, the seventh overall pick in the 2019 NWSL College Draft made appearances for the U.S. youth teams in tournaments in Costa Rica and England as well as joining the U.S. U-17s for the 2013 CONCACAF Championships.
Stanford helped shape Tegan McGrady on and off the field
“Going through my career at Stanford, I’ve just developed so much more and they’ve shown me what not only being a soccer player was like, but a real person, and someone that can develop and mature over time. Their classroom facilities, their field and athletics facilities, have just made me who I am now.”
Tegan McGrady
Post Training: Spirit draft picks...
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AT THE RIVER'S EDGE
AT THE RIVER'S EDGE MARIAH STEWART
Posted: Feb. 24, 2014
After taking stock of her life, Sophie Enright has decided it’s time for a break. Between a law career that’s become criminally dull and a two-timing boyfriend she’s done with once and for all, Sophie desperately needs some time to think and some space to breathe. The perfect place to do both is easygoing St. Dennis, Maryland, where Sophie can visit with her brother while she figures out her options. Once in St. Dennis, she discovers a shuttered restaurant and makes a bold move that is also a leap of faith. Sophie buys the fixer-upper in order to finally pursue her dream career.
But Sophie’s labor of love becomes a bone of contention for her new neighbor Jason Bowers. The local landscaper has big plans for growing his business—until Sophie scoops up the property he’s got his eye on. And no amount of buyout offers or badgering from him will get her to budge. It’s hardly the start of a beautiful friendship. But when they’re paired up to work on a community project, they agree to put their differences aside, and sparks begin to fly. Then Sophie’s cheating ex suddenly shows up, looking for a second chance—and threatening to make Jason a third wheel just when his hotheaded feelings about Sophie were turning decidedly warmhearted. All Sophie wants is a new life and a true love. But what are the odds of having both?
Sophie was living in the big city, was a big city lawyer, and with a boyfriend who worked with her. All was going great until she caught him having sex in the backseat of his BMW in the parking garage at work. What made it worse it was with the office skank lawyer they worked with.
She had no case pending and time on the books so she asked for a week’s vacation to go home to be with the family before the wedding. Her boss knowing what was going on granted it.
Sophie has a lot of soul searching to do. When she gets home she is hit with the fact that her brother Jesse needs help in the office. Especially, since her uncle Mike and Grandpa retired. Yet, Sophie is not sure her heart is in law anymore. She might want a career change, especially after seeing a sweet piece of property on the other side of the lake that had an old restaurant. She starts day dreaming of the possibilities you know her choices.
Now there’s Jason, Brooke’s brother-in-law from her first husband, Eric. He is as sexy as hell and makes Sophie have butterflies in her stomach, not be able to keep her eyes off his ass, and makes her feel feelings she hadn’t felt in a long while, even with Chris. Jason owns the property next to the one she’s dreaming about in fact he’s been trying to buy the property she wants. “Dun, dun, dun, dun…do you hear the doom march playing?” Jason though is a good guy, a guy that knows the meaning of family for he learned the hard way.
At 15, both his parents were in a car accident in which he was injured and his brother Eric took custody of him since he was 18. They started a business together which was growing leaps and bounds and supporting them. Then, Eric joined the military and married Brooke, she has Logan, when the worst occurred. Eric was killed in the line of duty. There was no question he would sell the business give half to Brooke for her and Logan. Then, Brooke asked Jason to stay on and be an uncle to Logan and he did.
To me this was more of a story of a woman who had been done wrong by her man. After thinking about it, figures out that he more than likely had been stepping out on her when she wasn’t paying attention. Jason is her first relationship after Chris and feels like he wouldn’t do her wrong since he’s friends with her brother and grandfather.
See how these to come together makes some errors and then see what happens from there. I just had a hard time getting into this book. I was expecting a romance and kept waiting but it was really not happening for me. Don’t get me wrong there was one and there was HEA it just didn’t move me like some of her other books and characters. It was good but not up to the standards I expected. Provided by netgalley.com. Find us on www.1rad-readerreviews.com
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Humiliation – the only path to peace for the Middle East
President Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Israel will be as a stab in the heart to the Arab World. But anything else would be to succor Arab hopes that Israel might some day be defeated and eliminated.
For perhaps a quarter of the world’s population, President Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem on December 6 was humiliating. Just for that reason it makes Middle East peace more probable. More than President Jimmy Carter, who brokered the Israeli-Egyptian peace deal of 1979, President Trump is likely to be remembered as the American president who contributed most to peace.
Wars end not when the loser is defeated, but rather when the loser is humiliated. Throughout history, as I argued in a 2016 survey of ancient and modern wars, losers have fought on until they lack the manpower to fill their depleted ranks. Typically that occurs after 30% of military-age men are dead, as in France during the Napoleonic Wars, the South in the American Civil War, or Germany in the Second World War.
The losing side will not abandon hostilities until all those who want to fight to the death have had the opportunity to do so — unless it is. That is why the use of atomic weapons against Japan well may have been an act of mercy. The American fire-bombing campaign had already wrecked most of Japan’s cities and killed far more civilians than perished at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Japan might have sustained far more damage in a conventional resolution through bombing and an eventual invasion.
Atomic weapons humiliated the Japanese by displaying the incomparable superiority of Western technology and the pointlessness of further resistance. For the Palestinian Arabs and many other Muslims, the many defeats that Israel has inflicted on Arab armies — in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, as well as in smaller engagements subsequently — are too painful to bear. How is it possible that a Jewish population of only 600,000 defeated five Arab armies in the 1948 War of Independence? Or that Israel crushed the combined might of the Arab countries in a few days in June 1967?
Palestinian Arabs refuse to accept their past humiliations, believing rather that the Jewish presence in the region is a temporary aberration, and that the Jewish State will be eliminated before long. Daniel Polisar reviewed some 300 polls of Arab opinion in a 2015 survey, and noted that a full 80% of Palestinian Arabs believe that the Jews have no rights to the land whatever.
Before they are ready to make peace, the Palestinian Arabs will have to drink the bitter draught of defeat to the dregs, and admit to themselves that their problems are not due to the depredations of imperialists, but are of their own making. The Jews have been doing this for 2,600 years, since the fall of the First Temple in 587 B.C.E. Taking responsibility for their own failings, in fact, is one of the secrets of Jewish success. In the short run, Trump’s declaration may provoke the occasional act of violence. In the longer view, he has indicated the only possible path to peace.
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Mousetrap
By Colonel K ⋅ February 24, 2012 ⋅ Post a comment
What a brilliant game that was. The idea was to go round a playing board, and when you landed on specific squares you could add bits to the overall contraption that was called “The Mousetrap”. Once construction had been completed, the objective was to land on a particular square in order to be allowed to launch the mousetrap.
My Mouse Trap is currently up in the loft, so I’m going to have to describe this from memory. It started off by turning a handle, which then caused a boot to kick a bucket, which launched a ball down a zigzag ram and down what I can only describe as a horizontal half-drainpipe, which then eventually struck a plastic rod, which then case a ball to fall through a hoop, which then landed on a seesaw. At the other end of the seesaw was a diver, which launched into the air, landed in a tub. The force of the diver landing then caused the carefully balanced mousetrap to fall down. If your opponent happened to be in a specific place on the playing board where the mousetrap landed you won the game.
Although it was a brilliant game, I think that everyone who owned it only ever actually played the real game once. After that, the appeal of throwing a dice and moving around a board was lost, and the only thing you could do was just to play with the mousetrap itself.
Pure brilliance!
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Erica Kane on GENERAL HOSPITAL? — Susan Lucci Speaks Out! - ABC Soaps In Depth
Erica Kane on GENERAL HOSPITAL? — Susan Lucci Speaks Out! (EXCLUSIVE)
Could you imagine Erica Kane paying a visit to GENERAL HOSPITAL? Now that ABC has the rights to the characters from ALL MY CHILDREN and ONE LIFE TO LIVE back, it’s actually possible! So we thought we’d ask Susan Lucci herself what she thought about the idea of reprising her legendary character on ABC’s sole remaining daytime soap!
(Paul Archuleta/FilmMagic)
“Oh, thank you for asking me that!” she enthused to Soaps In Depth before admitting, “I don’t know if they really have that in mind. No one has spoken to me about it. I don’t know.”
Lucci played Erica from 1970 until the soap went off the air in 2011, winning the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in 1999. She has also played numerous other roles over the years, most notably her recent turn as Genevieve Delatour in Lifetime’s DEVIOUS MAIDS. And while the mind boggles at the idea of someone like Erica Kane mixing it up with GH's Sonny Corinthos, the actress confessed that she’s not sure about the idea of playing Erica anywhere that isn’t Pine Valley.
Lucci co-starred with GH’s Maurice Benard in an episode of ABC Daytime’s “What If” web series that crossed over well-known characters from one soap to another in 2010! (Photo Credit: Rick Rowell/ABC via Getty Images)
“When you say Erica Kane,” Lucci admitted, “I wasn’t just playing those scenes by myself. They were written by Agnes Nixon and Lorraine Broderick and I got to work with this incredible cast. I just loved our cast. They’re so smart and funny and sensitive and just a joy to be around.
“So it’s all the unknowns thinking about just taking the character and putting her somewhere else,” she added. “But no one’s asked me at GH. So, you know, I guess we’re just talking. But it’s nice to be wanted. People stop me all the time. Their passion, their loyalty, their enjoyment of Erica Kane and AMC has not waned.”
So while fans might love to see Erica Kane in action again, it’s sadly unlikely she’ll be swinging by Port Charles for a visit. But we can still dream!
Take a walk down Memory Lane to relive some of Erica’s most memorable moments on AMC in our special flashback gallery below!
For more on your favorite daytime stars, keep reading Soaps In Depth magazine!
More from ABC Soaps In Depth
The Stars of AMC Reunited for a Very Special Afternoon!
Susan Lucci Spills Backstage Secrets From AMC
Cameron Mathison's Throwback Pic Makes Us Miss AMC All Over Again
Is Nikolas Returning to GENERAL HOSPITAL? — Tyler Christopher Speaks Out
What Happened to Brad on GENERAL HOSPITAL
GENERAL HOSPITAL Spoilers 7/18/19 — Nina Makes a Horrifying Realization!
GENERAL HOSPITAL's Nancy Lee Grahn Mourns the Death of Her Mother, Barbara
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enacting
conversing
communing
Adrian Heathfield writes on, curates and creates performance. He is the author of Out of Now, a monograph on the artist Tehching Hsieh, editor of Ally and Live: Art and Performance and co-editor of Perform, Repeat, Record. His numerous essays have been translated into ten languages.
He conducted the three year European Union funded creative research project Curating the Ephemeral (2014–2016) on immaterial art and museal practices. He was co-director of Performance Matters, a four-year AHRC funded research project on the cultural value of performance (2009–2013).
He co-curated the Live Culture events at Tate Modern, London (2003) and a number of other performance and durational events in European cities over the last eighteen years. He was curator of Doing Time, the Taiwan Pavilion at the 57th Venice Biennale (2017), a curatorial adviser and attaché for the 20th Biennale of Sydney (2016) and an artistic director with the collective freethought of the 2016 Bergen Assembly, Norway.
Heathfield has worked with many artists and thinkers on critical and creative collaborations including film dialogues, performance-lectures, dramaturgy, writing and workshop projects. He was President of Performance Studies international (2004–2007) and is Professor of Performance and Visual Culture at the University of Roehampton, London.
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All images appear courtesy of their authors or copyright holders and should not be reproduced without permission.
Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History
Edited by Amelia Jones and Adrian Heathfield
Bringing together contributors from dance, theatre, visual studies, and art history, Perform, Repeat, Record addresses the conundrum of how live art is positioned within history. Set apart from other art forms in that it may never be performed in precisely the same way twice, ephemeral artwork exists both at the time of its staging and long after in the memories of its spectators and their testimonies, as well as in material objects, visual media and text. These multiple occurrences and iterations offer new critical possibilities for thinking and writing the histories of performance. Among the numerous artists, theorists, and historians who contributed to this volume are Marina Abramović, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Rebecca Schneider, Boris Groys, Jane Blocker, Carolee Schneemann, Tehching Hsieh, Orlan, Tilda Swinton, and Jean-Luc Nancy.
Images and extract from the book below
Homepage image: Janez Janša, Maja, Veno, Janez, Vitomil, Simona, 2010. Photo: Nada Žgank. © the artist.
Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History, Intellect Books and the University of Chicago Press (USA), 2012, 656 pages.
Tilda Swinton and Cornelia Parker, The Maybe, 1995. Photo and © Hugo Glendinning.
Janine Antoni, Loving Care, 1993. Photo: Prudence Cumming Associates at Anthony d’Offay Gallery, London. © the artist. Courtesy the artist and Luhring Augustine, New York.
Arthur Bispo do Rosario, I NEED THESE WORDS. WRITTEN, undated. © the artist. Courtesy of Museu Bispo do Rosario Arte Contemporânea, Prefeiture da Ciudade do Rio de Janeiro.
KwieKulik, Activities with Dobromierz, 1972-1974. Courtesy and © the artists.
Qiu Zhijie, Repeatedly Duplicating a Thousand Times “Lantingxu,” undated. Courtesy and © the artist.
Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard, A Rock 'N' Roll Suicide, 1998. Photo: David Cowlard. Courtesy of the artists and Kate MacGarry, London.
Cai Yuan and J.J. Xi, Two Artists Jump on Tracey Emin’s Bed, 1999. © the artists.
Steve McQueen, Deadpan, 1997. © the artist.
Nam June Paik, One for Violin, c. 1962. © the artist.
Orlan, Omnipresence-Surgery, 1993. © the artist.
Next: Performance Matters
Previous: Afterlives: The Persistence of Performance
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Ettore Bastico
[1][2]General Ettore Bastico in Italian LibyaEttore Bastico (9 April 1876 – 2 December 1972) was an Italian military officer before and during World War II. He held high commands during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War (Ethiopia), the Spanish Civil War, and the North African Campaign.
[hide] *1 Biography
Bastico was born in Bologna, Italy. When he came of age, Bastico joined the Italian Army and fought in World War I. In 1928, Bastico was promoted to brigadier (generale di brigata). At that time, the Kingdom of Italy was ruled by dictator Benito Mussolini.
In this role, Bastico was a target of Giulio Douhet in Recapitulation (published with the infamous work The Command of the Air). Douhet devotes many pages to critically examining six "basic theories" put forth by Bastico and how they relate to the future of an Independent Air Force's role in future wars.[1]
Bastico was promoted to major general on 29 May 1932 and in 1935, he commanded the 1st Blackshirt Division (23 Marzo) during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. In 1935, Bastico was the commander of the III Corps in Ethiopia and on 10 February 1936 he was promoted to lieutenant general (generale di corpo d'armata). From 1936 to 1937, he was the commander of the II Corps.
In 1937, during the later stages of the Spanish Civil War, Bastico replaced Mario Roatta as the Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Corps of Volunteer Troops (Corpo Truppe Volontarie, or CTV) in Spain. The CTV was sent to help the Spanish Nationalists side in the war. From mid-1937, Bastico's force fought in the Battle of Santander, a decisive victory for the Nationalists. In late 1937, Bastico was replaced by Mario Berti and, in February 1939, the Italian volunteers left Spain.
In 1939, Bastico was named senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He was then assigned to command a reserve division in the Po River area.
When Italy entered World War II, Bastico was Governor-General of the Italian Dodecanese Islands and he was promoted to general (generale d'armata) on 7 August 1940. On 19 July 1941, Bastico was named commander over all Axis forces in North Africa. In 1942, he was reduced to the command of troops in Libya. Ugo Cavallero became the commander of all forces further east in North Africa. Despite this, Bastico was promoted to Marshal of Italy (Maresciallo d'Italia) on 12 August 1942. However, the loss of Libya left him from 2 February 1943 without a command for the rest of the war.
Bastico died in Rome very old at 96, after spending his last years studying history.
Works Edit
Bastico wrote some books about Italian military history. The most famous are:
"Il Ferreo Terzo Corpo in Africa Orientale" (1937)
"L'evoluzione dell'arte della guerra" (1930)
^ Douhet, Giulio; The Command of the Air, book three (Recapitulation), pp. 263-269; Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C.
Patzwall, Klaus D. and Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941–1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall (in German). ISBN 3-931533-45-X.
Military offices
Italo Garibaldi
Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa and Governor-General of Italian Libya
19 July 1941—2 February 1943
Giovanni Messe
Retrieved from "https://worldwartwo.wikia.org/wiki/Ettore_Bastico?oldid=4322"
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Harvey Clause, an Abbotsford homeless man and advocate, reflects on a few fatal overdoses over the past few weeks. Clause says grieving while homeless holds distinct challenges with little for privacy and little time to process grief. Dustin Godfrey/Abbotsford News
Nowhere to grieve: How homeless people deal with loss during the opioid crisis
Abbotsford homeless advocate says grief has distinct challenges for those living on the streets
Dustin Godfrey
Mar. 21, 2019 12:42 p.m.
As the homeless community grapples with an overdose crisis that is shaking the province, one advocate says it’s hard for the most vulnerable members of the community to properly grieve the loss of loved ones.
In recent weeks, Harvey Clause said two members of the homeless community were lost to overdoses within a day of each other. One of those was a man who left behind a wife – a married couple who had struggled to find housing.
“There have been a few of those, actually, the past year. It’s sad. I couldn’t picture losing a wife or somebody that close to you, especially when you’ve been together for awhile, and then you lose your partner. It’s a lonely experience,” Clause said.
RELATED: Carfentanil found in 15% of overdose deaths in Januaary: B.C. coroner
RELATED: B.C. opioid overdoses still killing four people a day, health officials say
The B.C. Coroners Service reports more than 1,510 people died of suspected overdoses last year, including 40 in Abbotsford. Although most overdoses occur in private residences, the homeless community is hit especially hard by the crisis, and Clause says it can be a challenge for those living on the streets to cope with the loss of a loved one.
Ted Leavitt, a registered clinical therapist with Connectivity Counselling in Abbotsford, says society more broadly is bad at grieving, in particular noting the general lack of time we give ourselves to process loss.
A few days of bereavement leave may be enough to grieve a more distant relative, but that same amount of time off, Leavitt says, should not suffice for the loss of a child, for instance.
“That’s such a western ideal in many ways – go to work; don’t think about it – when in reality, what we need to do is think about it. We need to process it. We need to make sense of it, work our way through the stages and ways of grieving,” said Leavitt, who previously worked in addictions treatment, often with people coming from homelessness.
But Clause, who in the past made his money by finding recycling or other items in garbage bins to sell, noted that there’s no bereavement leave for the homeless.
“Our work begins everyday when we start to get up on our feet and walk around the city,” Clause said.
Not taking the time to process the trauma is often what causes long-term issues, said Leavitt, who likened grieving on the streets to “battlefield grieving.”
“You don’t have time to grieve. You just have to survive, yourself,” Leavitt said. “What is important for someone to be able to experience trauma without it developing into post-traumatic stress disorder or creating dysfunction for them, is to have someone in their life who’s a stable person who can help them … to make sense of it.”
Without that process, Leavitt says people develop what is referred to as a “freeze response.” That response can bear the semblance of coping well with a traumatic experience, but in fact is often simply the brain suppressing the trauma.
“They can go through horrific things and appear to be unfazed by them,” Leavitt said.
“All that stuff just gets shoved down further and further and further. There’s a disconnection where they have this behaviour that’s designed to dampen the pain and they don’t necessarily know where the pain is coming from.”
Clause added that there’s often a risk of someone who has lost a loved one to use drugs alone, something harm reduction advocates have long strove to educate against, due to the potential for an overdose with no one around to revive or call for help.
But on the other hand, Clause notes that there’s no privacy for someone who lives in a tent or sleeps in a shelter and who wants to spend a bit of time on their own to grieve a loved one.
“It’s not like when my mom passed away, I had a place to go. I had my apartment to go back to,” Clause said, referring to a time before he was homeless, adding that having a home also often makes it easier to connect with family.
“Some of us have no family. The only people we have is ourselves, and we have nowhere to go.”
Find more of our coverage on Homelessness here.
Report an error or send us your tips, photos and video.
Dustin Godfrey | Reporter
@dustinrgodfrey
Send Dustin an email.
Like the Abbotsford News on Facebook.
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St. Timothy’s Church celebrates fully renovated kitchen with collaborative yard sale
The yard sale will be followed by an official ribbon-cutting ceremony
Hot July Nights shifts into gear for the local economy
One of the biggest events in the South Cariboo rolled through town… Continue reading
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Sears ditches clothing with new smaller format
By: ANNE D'INNOCENZIO AP Retail Writer
NEW YORK (AP) - After its journey through bankruptcy, Sears is getting ready to open its first batch of smaller stores that won't carry clothing but will instead focus on appliances, mattresses and home services.
The move comes after Sears has shuttered hundreds of stores in recent years.
The first three stores called Sears Home & Life will open on Memorial Day weekend and are a fraction of the size of the company's traditional stores.
Peter Boutros, chief brand officer for Sears and Kmart, declined to say how many of these new format stores are in the works but said locations have been identified.
The Hoffman Estates, Illinois-based company also plans to ramp up TV advertising and is planning to extend its Kenmore brand beyond major appliances into kitchen accessories, plates and knives.
The new smaller stores will be located in Overland Park, Kansas; Lafayette, Louisiana; and Anchorage, Alaska, Boutros said. They range in size from about 10,000 to 15,000 square feet (900 to 1,400 square meters). The average Sears is about 155,000 square feet (14,400 square meters).
The initiative come nearly two months after a bankruptcy court judge approved the sale of Sears' assets to company chairman and largest shareholder Eddie Lampert for $5.2 billion in a bankruptcy auction. With the deal, the newly formed company, which doesn't have a name, kept 425 stores open and saved roughly 45,000 jobs. It retained the Kenmore appliances and Diehard battery brands and continues to sell Craftsman tools through licensing partners. Sears sold Craftsman tools to Black & Decker in 2017. Sears Holdings Corp. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in October 2018. At the time of the filing, the company had about 700 stores and 68,000 employees.
"We need to instill confidence that we are open for business," said Boutros in an interview with The Associated Press, declining to comment on recent sales trends.
Lampert is restructuring the business, but Sears' long-term survival remains an open question. It has to contend with increasing competition from the likes of Best Buy, Home Depot and Walmart. Boutros said it was looking for a new CEO.
Each of the new stores will sell both major and small kitchen appliances. Customers can meet with experts to explore how new appliances will look in their home. They will also have kiosks where shoppers can order items available online from Kmart and Sears and have them delivered to the store or home.
Boutros declined to comment on sales projections for the new store formats.
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Home Culture Justin Bieber’s decision to pull the plug is wisdom
Justin Bieber’s decision to pull the plug is wisdom
Mike Mpofu
Millions of fans around the world were disappointed after Justin Bieber took the decision to pull the plug on the remaining shows in his Purpose World Tour.
An official announcement was displayed on the singer’s official website:
Due to unforeseen circumstances, Justin Bieber will cancel the remainder of the Purpose World Tour concerts. Justin loves his fans and hates to disappoint them. He thanks his fans for the incredible experience of the Purpose World Tour over last 18 months. He is grateful and honored to have shared that experience with his cast and crew for over 150 successful shows across 6 continents during this run. However, after careful consideration he has decided he will not be performing any further dates. Tickets will be refunded at point of purchase.
Following this announcement, both Justin and his manage Scooter Braun – who uncovered the Canadian talent – made further remarks on their respective Instagram accounts, on the singer’s decision to spend time resting.
Meanwhile, Justin has taken further flak from spending a significant amount of time in church, and surrounding himself with church leaders, friends and family. Who would have thought it?
So let me understand this: Justin Bieber’s biggest crimes right now are that:
He wants to rest, reflect and come back a better person; and that
He spends too much time in church?
This is nothing short of outrageous.
The reality is that our perspective is only as big as what we are exposed to.
What you and I consider to be major challenges will be informed by the world we live in. The same goes for Bieber.
Like him or not, you have to appreciate the maturity with which he has approached his situation. In fact, more often than not, we tend to ignore or push past our challenges for various reasons. The only difference is our dirty linen isn’t out for everyone to see, so to speak.
In the end, we burn out, lose focus and are worse off than we started.
If anything Justin took one of the wisest decisions of his career: take time out to pursue Jesus – if anything we need to celebrate this call.
If our greatest frustration is his decision to pull back in order to give us more, then we need to do some introspection.
I am not professing to be famous or know what that world feels like, but one cannot escape the feeling that one is damned if you do, damned if you don’t.
I would suggest that more of those whom we look up to, and appreciate their work, music and talents need to spend more time doing what Justin did, we wouldn’t have half the drama we see on the internet all day.
What do you need to take some time to think about? And who are you speaking to, to help you through it?
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Ajdarevic till 2019
ANNOUNCEMENTS \\
Ajdarevic till 2019 \\
ANNOUNCEMENTS \\ 13/12/2016
AEK FC announces the signing of Swedish attacking midfielder Astrit Ajdarević, for two and a half years.
Astrit Ajdarević was born on April 19, 1990 at Pristina of former Yugoslavia, but his family moved to Sweeden on 1992.
During his childhood, Astrit was playing football for Falkenbergs FF. In 2007 he moved to Liverpool, where he managed to win the FA Youth Cup in the same year. In 2009-10 he moved on loan to Leicester and Hereford United F.C. In 2010, Ajdarević moved back to Sweden for Örebro SK and then he signed for IFK Norrköping in 2011.
His first big step abroad came with his transfer to Standard Liège in 2012. In 2014, he moved once again on loan, this time at Charlton and then at Helsingborgs IF in 2015. Last stop in his career was Örebro SK in 2015-16.
Astrit Ajdarević has also played for the Swedish National Teams of U17, U19, U21 and he led the Sweden U23 to the Olympic Games of Rio as the captain of the team.
ANNOUNCEMENTS \\ 13/6/2019
Giorgos Athanasiadis joins AEK FC
AEK FC offically announces the signing of 26-year-old goalkeeper Giorgos Athanasiadis, who signed contract until the summer of 2023.
ANNOUNCEMENTS \\ 7/6/2019
Paulinho joins AEK FC
AEK FC announces the transfer of 28-year-old Portuguese right defender Paulo Sergio Mota (Paulinho) from GD Chaves.
AEK FC terminates Astrit Ajdarevic contract
AEK FC officially announces the mutual termination of Albanian international attacking midfielder Astrit Ajdarevic contract.
Daniele Verde joins AEK FC until 2022
AEK FC officially announces the signing of Italian attacking midfielder Daniele Verde until the summer of 2022.
Milos Deletic joins AEK FC until 2022
AEK FC officially announces the signing of Serbian attacking midfielder Milos Deletic until the summer of 2022.
AEK FC signs Francisco Geraldes
AEK FC officially announces the signing of Portuguese attacking midfielder Francisco Geraldes, on loan from Sporting CP.
David Simao joins AEK FC until 2022
AEK FC officially announces the signing of Portuguese midfielder David Simao from Royal Antwerp FC until the summer of 2022.
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Home » About Us » Age Action Silver Surfer Awards
95 year-old Florence McGillicuddy from Rathfarnham, in Dublin, is the overall Age Action Silver Surfer Award winner of 2019. Florence who blogs on GrandadOnline.com was presented with his award in recognition of his contribution to community life through his use of technology, at a ceremony on 28 May in Dublin City University, who co-sponsored the Awards as part of the DCU Age-Friendly University Initiative. This year celebrated the 10th Anniversary of the Silver Surfer Awards which raise awareness of the importance of digital literacy amongst the older population. The full list of winners is available here.
Silver Surfer Awards 2019 - Categories
Previous year's winners
About the Silver Surfer Awards
Getting Started Computer Training programme
Meet the Winners of the 10th Anniversary of the Age Action Silver Surfer Awards supported by DCU Age-Friendly University Initiative
Florence, who also won the Golden IT Award as one of the older nominees, has developed a unique relationship with the children in the local Ballyroan Boys’ School over the past three years through the internet. Florence brings history to life for the young students as he researches historic facts about their city and composes the lesson in an email which the children’s teacher helps the students read. The students have learned about what life was like in Dublin when Florence was growing up and events such as what happened to Nelson’s Pillar, an airplane crash in Terenure, and he even organises school tours to cigarette factories. In turn, the children will write back to Florence in old fashioned handwritten letter format which is a wonderful display of generations coming together and learning from each other.
Getting Started IT Award winner Eleanor Lynch from Cork was profoundly deaf from the age of 40 to mid 60’s but 14 years ago, thanks to advances in medicine and technology, she had a cochlear implant operation. When she was “switched on” Eleanor had to learn how to hear again with the assistance of this new technology. It took lots of perseverance, but she mastered it and can now communicate fairly easily. After she mastered the implant technology, she had the confidence to learn how to use a mobile phone and now uses a smart phone like a teenager! The laptop has made living alone a lot easier as she does her all banking and pays all her bills online and does not have to go out on wet cold days. Technology and her own bravery and determination has made an amazing difference to Eleanor’s life.
Community Champion Award winner Margaret Culloty from Firies Co Kerry is 77 years of age and is the County Secretary of Kerry Community Games for the past 23 years. As the National Community Games requires that all participating children be registered online, Margaret has had to learn how to do this for over 3000 children participating in sporting and cultural events at county level.
Margaret faced this challenge with vigour and is now responsible for the coordination of the online Kerry registration system ensuring that all children are registered for their individual or team events at local and National level as well as getting a web page up and running and a Facebook account. She has been described as one in a million and didn't let new technology put her out of the position of County Secretary.
Hobbies on the Net Award winners Paddy McAuliffe, Paddy Tobin and Paddy Buckley are ‘The 3 Paddy’s’ from Mallow in Co. Cork who learned how to shoot and edit short films, a skill they are now using to preserve a legacy of memories for peoples’ families to be passed on to future generations. They are documenting the memories of older people in their community, editing in photos or the person’s life and locality, to produce a film. The film covers the person’s life story which can then be shared digitally with the wider community and family members. To date they have recorded the life stories of almost 30 older people in the region.
IT Tutor of the Year Award winner Sr. Margaret is a Sister of Mercy who worked as a principal nurse tutor for 14 years at the Mercy Hospital in Cork. Following this she trained as an addiction counsellor in MN, USA. She founded Tabor Lodge - a treatment centre in Cork for persons with alcohol, drug and gambling addictions and it was here that she first saw the need for a computerised system. Following a few lessons she mastered the PC. Sr. Margaret observed that a number of staff and residents were struggling using smart phones and computers. She sourced funding for a tutor and initially she ran 10 four-week classes with 8 students per class. She is now a volunteer tutor with Age Action and manages the attendance records and presents certificates at the end of the courses.
Schools IT Tutor of the Year Award went to the students of the Transition Year class in Bandon Grammar School who have been tutoring older learners how to get online. At every lesson, the young TY students teach their older learners something new from how to use Google Maps to downloading music, looking up Government websites which are all sites of great relevance and interest to the learners.
The intergenerational nature of the class creates an energetic atmosphere in which to learn. People have remarked that the school break-time is a favourite where the older learners and younger tutors engage in conversation and swap stories.
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AIBS Communications Boot Camp for Scientists
Learn how to engage and inform decision-makers
Rarely has the need for effective and influential communication about science been more important than it is today.
Politicians and political interests are redefining and reinterpreting science--with great persistence and impact. The public is routinely asked to make decisions about matters informed by science. The news media is endeavoring to share increasingly complex stories about science with the public. The majority of the public still respect scientists and value science, but they often find it challenging to discern who and what is legitimate.
Simply adding to the noise will not provide individuals with the understanding they need to inform deliberations and decisions. Scientists must become more skilled at communicating in impactful ways.
As called for by many sources, the time for business as usual has passed. There is a real and immediate need for scientists to become effective and engaged communicators.
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is responding to this need by offering scientists a professional development opportunity. The AIBS Communications Training Boot Camp for Scientists expands on our highly successful media and science policy training workshops. The program meets the needs of everyone from graduate students to senior researchers and program administrators.
AIBS has a long and successful track record of engaging, informing, and influencing the public and science policy decision-makers. Our audiences include members of Congress, federal agency heads and program managers, state officials, and university administrators. In addition to working directly with these groups, we routinely engage the public through traditional and digital media.
Our staff members have used their decades of science policy and communications experience to develop training materials and resources that provide scientists with the skills needed to successfully communicate about their research with decision-makers and reporters.
AIBS training programs have provided more than 1,700 scientists with the skills to:
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Develop the leadership skills necessary to pursue careers in science policy and organizational leadership.
AIBS Communications Boot Camp
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Essex-class aircraft carrier
Find sources: "Essex-class aircraft carrier" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
USS Philippine Sea (CVA-47)
underway in 1955
Name: Essex class
Builders:
Fore River Shipyard
Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
Norfolk Naval Shipyard
Operators: United States Navy
Yorktown class
USS Wasp (CV-7)
Succeeded by: Midway class
Subclasses: Ticonderoga class
US$68–78 million (1942),[1]
~US$1 billion (2011)
Built: 1941–1950
In commission: 1942–1991
Planned: 32
Cancelled: 8
Active: 0
Retired: 24
Preserved:
USS Yorktown (CV-10)
USS Intrepid (CV-11)
USS Hornet (CV-12)
USS Lexington (CV-16)
General characteristics (all stats as built)
Type: Aircraft carrier
Design: 27,100 long tons (27,500 t) std, 33,000 long tons (34,000 t) full
Actual: 30,800 long tons (31,300 t) std, 36,380 long tons (36,960 t) full
After SCB-125/127A/127C modification up to ~46,380 long tons (47,120 t) full
820 ft (249.9 m) pp
872 ft (265.8 m) oa (short-bow units); 888 ft (270.7 m) oa (long-bow units)
862 ft (262.7 m) (short-bow) flight deck; 844 ft (257.3 m) (long-bow) flight deck
Beam: 93 ft (28.3 m) wl; 147.5 ft (45.0 m) max
Draft: 23 ft (7.0 m) std; 27.5 ft (8.4 m) fl
Installed power: 150,000 shp (110,000 kW)
Propulsion: Westinghouse geared turbines connected to 4 shafts; 8 Babcock & Wilcox boilers
Speed: 32.7 knots (37 mph 60.6 km/h)
Range: 20,000 nmi (37,000 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement: 268 officers, 2,363 enlisted
Sensors and
processing systems:
1 × SK air-search radar
1 × SC air-search radar
2 × SG surface-search radar
1 × SM fighter-direction radar (later units)
2 × Mk 4 fire-control radar (earlier units)
2 × Mk 12 fire-control radar (later units)
2 × Mk 22 height-finding radar (later units)
10–17 × Mk 51 AA directors
12 × 5-inch (127 mm) /38 caliber guns (4 × 2 and 4 × 1)
32 to 72 × 40 mm Bofors guns (8 to 18 × 4)
55 to 76 × 20 mm Oerlikon cannon
Belt: 2.5-4 in (64-102 mm) on .75 in (19mm) STS
Decks: 2.5 in (64mm) STS hangar deck; 1.5 in (38mm) STS 4th deck
Aircraft carried: 90-100
Notes: Basic class design was repeatedly modified, chiefly by additional AA and radar. Transverse hangar-deck catapult in CV-10, 11, 12, 17, 18 (later removed). CV-9 commissioned with no flight deck catapults; CV-10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20 with one; all others with two. CV-34 completed postwar to much-altered design.
The Essex class was a class of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy that constituted the 20th century's most numerous class of capital ships. The class consisted of 24 vessels, which came in "short-hull" and "long-hull" versions. Thirty-two ships were originally ordered, but as World War II wound down, six were canceled before construction, and two were canceled after construction had begun. No Essex-class ships were lost to enemy action, despite several vessels sustaining very heavy damage; the Essex-class carriers were the backbone of the U.S. Navy's combat strength during World War II from mid-1943 on, and, along with the addition of the three Midway-class carriers just after the war, continued to be the heart of U.S. naval strength until the supercarriers began to come into the fleet in numbers during the 1960s and 1970s.
4 Armaments
4.1 "Sunday Punch"
4.2 Guns, radar and radios
5 "Long-hull" Essex (Ticonderoga class)
6 Post-war rebuilds
6.1 Evolution of the air wing
7 Military contributions
8 Space program
9 The ships today
10 Ships in class
10.1 Later class assignments
The preceding Yorktown-class aircraft carriers and the designers' list of trade-offs and limitations forced by arms control treaty obligations shaped the formative basis from which the Essex class was developed — a design formulation sparked into being when the Japanese and Italians repudiated the limitations proposed in the 1936 revision of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 (as updated in October 1930 in the London Naval Treaty) — in effect providing a free pass for all five signatories to resume the interrupted naval arms race of the 1920s in early 1937.
At the time of the repudiations, both Italy and Japan had colonial ambitions, intending on or already conducting military conquests. With the demise of the treaty limitations and the growing tensions in Europe, naval planners were free to apply both the lessons they had learned operating carriers for fifteen years and those of operating the Yorktown-class carriers to the newer design.
Designed to carry a larger air group, and unencumbered by the latest in a succession of pre-war naval treaty limits, Essex was over sixty feet longer, nearly ten feet wider in beam, and more than a third heavier. A longer, wider flight deck and a deck-edge elevator (which had proven successful in the one-off USS Wasp (CV-7)) facilitated more efficient aviation operations, enhancing the ship's offensive and defensive air power.
Machinery arrangement and armor protection were greatly improved from previous designs; these features, plus the provision of more anti-aircraft guns, gave the ships much enhanced survivability. In fact, during the war, none of the Essex-class carriers were lost and two, USS Franklin (CV-13) and USS Bunker Hill (CV-17), came home under their own power and were successfully repaired even after receiving extremely heavy damage. Some ships in the class would serve until well after the end of the Vietnam War, when the class was retired and replaced by newer classes.
Debates raged regarding the effect of strength deck location. British designers' comments tended to disparage the use of hangar deck armor, but some historians, such as D.K. Brown in Nelson to Vanguard, see the American arrangement to have been superior. In the late 1930s, locating the strength deck at hangar deck level in the proposed Essex-class ships reduced the weight located high in the ship, resulting in smaller supporting structures and more aircraft capacity for the desired displacement. Subsequently, the larger size of the first supercarriers necessitated a deeper hull and shifted the center of gravity and center of stability lower, enabling moving the strength deck to the flight deck, thus freeing US Naval design architects to move the armor higher and remain within compliance of US Navy stability specifications without imperiling seaworthiness.[2] One of the design studies prepared for the Essex project, "Design 9G", included an armored flight deck but reduced aircraft capacity, and displaced 27,200 tons, or about 1,200 tons more than "Design 9F", which formed the basis of the actual Essex design;[3] 9G became the ancestor of the 45,000-ton Midway class.
Development[edit]
After the abrogation of disarmament treaties by Japan in 1936, the U.S. took a realistic look at its naval strength. With the Naval Expansion Act of Congress passed on 17 May 1938, an increase of 40,000 tons in aircraft carriers was authorized; this permitted the building of Hornet, which was the third Yorktown-class carrier, and Essex, which was the lead ship of a new class.
1941 design plans for the Essex class.
CV-9 was to be the prototype of the 27,000-ton (standard displacement) aircraft carrier, considerably larger than Enterprise, yet smaller than Saratoga (a battlecruiser converted to a carrier); the Navy ordered the first three of the new design, CV-9, CV-10 and CV-11, from Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock on 3 July 1940. These were to become known as Essex-class carriers.[4] Under the terms of the Two-Ocean Navy Act, ten more of these carriers were programmed. Eight were ordered on 9 September, CV-12 through CV−15 from Newport News, and CV-16 through −19 from Bethlehem Steel's Fore River Shipyard; the last two, CV-20 and CV-21, were ordered eight days after Pearl Harbor from the Brooklyn Navy Yard and Newport News respectively.
After the US declaration of war, Congress appropriated funds for nineteen more Essexes. Ten were ordered in August 1942 (CV-31 and 33-35 from Brooklyn, CV-32 from Newport News, CV-36 and -37 from the Philadelphia Navy Yard, CV-38 through -40 from the Norfolk Navy Yard) and three more in June 1943 (CV-45 from Philadelphia, -46 from Newport News and -47 from Fore River). Only two of these were completed in time to see active World War II service. Six ships ordered in 1944 (CV-50 through -55) were canceled before construction was begun.
The Essex-class carriers combined the policy of naming aircraft carriers after historic battles begun with the Lexington class with the policy of naming them for historic navy ships generally followed for the Yorktown class; the first eight hulls were originally assigned names from historic Navy ships (Essex, Bon Homme Richard, Intrepid, Kearsarge, Franklin, Hancock, Randolph, Cabot). Lexington was originally laid down as Cabot, but was renamed during construction after the previous USS Lexington (CV-2) was lost in the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942. Yorktown, originally to be named Bon Homme Richard, was renamed after the previous USS Yorktown (CV-5) was lost at the Battle of Midway on 7 June 1942. Lexington and Yorktown share the unique distinction of being named after both historic ships and historic battles.
Likewise, Wasp's name was changed from Oriskany after the original USS Wasp (CV-7) was sunk in September 1942 in the South Pacific near Guadalcanal, and Hornet's name was changed from Kearsarge after the original USS Hornet (CV-8) was lost in October 1942 in the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands. The erstwhile Valley Forge was renamed Princeton after USS Princeton (CVL-23) was sunk in the Battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944. The names of Ticonderoga and Hancock were swapped while they were under construction: the John Hancock life insurance company had offered to conduct a bond drive to raise money for Hancock if that name was used for the carrier under construction in the company’s home state of Massachusetts.[5] USS Shangri-La was named after a facetious remark by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt suggesting that the Doolittle Raiders flew from the fictional Himalayan kingdom setting of the novel Lost Horizon.
At the conclusion of the war, the six ships ordered but never laid down (CV-50 through 55) were canceled. Of the nine still unfinished six were completed, two (Reprisal and Iwo Jima) were scrapped, and Oriskany was taken in hand for modification to an improved design, completing in 1950. In summary, during World War II and until its conclusion, the US Navy ordered 32 aircraft carriers of the Essex class, including the Ticonderoga subgroup, of which 26 were laid down and 24 actually commissioned.
Design[edit]
Yorktown at sea in 1943
In drawing up the preliminary design for Essex, particular attention was directed at the size of both the flight and hangar decks. Aircraft design had come a long way from the comparatively light planes used in carriers during the 1930s. Flight decks now required more takeoff space for the heavier aircraft being developed. Moreover, US carrier doctrine was premised on the "deck-load strike", launching as rapidly as possible as many aircraft as could be spotted on the flight deck beforehand. Most of the first-line carriers of the pre-war years were equipped with flush deck catapults, but, owing to the speed and size of these ships, very little catapulting was done except for experimental purposes.
With the advent of war, airplane weights began to go up as armor and armament got heavier; aircrew complements also increased. By the war's end in 1945, catapult launches would become more common under these circumstances, with some carrier commanding officers reporting up to 40% of launches by catapult.
The hangar area design came in for many design conferences between the naval bureaus. Not only were the supporting structures to the flight deck required to carry the increased weight of landing and parked aircraft, but they were to have sufficient strength to support the storing of spare fuselages and parts (50% of each operational plane type aboard, hence 33% of carried aircraft) under the flight deck and still provide adequate working space for the men using the area below.
One innovation in Essex was a portside deck-edge elevator in addition to two inboard elevators; the deck-edge elevator was adopted in the design after it proved successful on Wasp.[6] Experiments had also been made with hauling aircraft by crane up a ramp between the hangar and flight decks, but this method proved too slow; the Navy's Bureau of Ships and the Chief Engineer of A.B.C. Elevator Co. designed the engine for the side elevator. It was a standard elevator, 60 by 34 ft (18 by 10 m) in platform surface, which traveled vertically on the port side of the ship. There would be no large hole in the flight deck when the elevator was in the "down" position, a critical factor if the elevator ever became inoperable during combat operations, its new position made it easier to continue normal operations on deck, irrespective of the position of the elevator. The elevator also increased the effective deck space when it was in the "up" position by providing additional parking room outside the normal contours of the flight deck, and increased the effective area on the hangar deck by the absence of elevator pits. In addition, its machinery was less complex than the two inboard elevators, requiring about 20% fewer man-hours of maintenance.
Yorktown aft view
Intrepid, in the Philippine Sea, November 1944
Ongoing improvements to the class were made, particularly with regard to the ventilation system, lighting systems, and the trash burner design and implementation.
These carriers had better armor protection than their predecessors, better facilities for handling ammunition, safer and greater fueling capacity, and more effective damage control equipment. Yet, these ships were also designed to limit weight and the complexity of construction, for instance incorporating extensive use of flat and straight metal pieces,[7] and of Special Treatment Steel (STS), a nickel-chrome steel alloy that provided the same protective qualities as Class B armor plate, but which was fully structural rather than deadweight.[8]
The original design for the class assumed a complement of 215 officers and 2,171 enlisted men. However, by the end of World War II, most crews were 50% larger than that.[9]
The tactical employment of U.S. carriers changed as the war progressed. In early operations, through 1942, the doctrine was to operate singly or in pairs, joining together for the offense and separating when on the defense—the theory being that a separation of carriers under attack not only provided a protective screen for each, but also dispersed the targets and divided the enemy's attack. Combat experience in those early operations did not bear out the theory, and new proposals for tactical deployment were the subject of much discussion.
As the new Essex- and Independence-class carriers became available, tactics changed. Experience taught the wisdom of combined strength. Under attack, the combined anti-aircraft fire of a task group's carriers and their screen provided a more effective umbrella of protection against marauding enemy aircraft than was possible when the carriers separated.
When two or more of these task groups supported each other, they constituted a fast carrier task force. Lessons learned from operating the carriers as a single group of six, as two groups of three, and three groups of two, provided the basis for many tactics that later characterized carrier task force operations, with the evolution of the fast carrier task force and its successful employment in future operations.
Armaments[edit]
"Sunday Punch"[edit]
The pride of the carrier, known as the "Sunday Punch",[10] was the offensive power of 36 fighters, 36 dive bombers and 18 torpedo bombers; the Grumman F6F Hellcat would be the standard fighter, the Curtiss SB2C Helldiver the standard scout aircraft and dive-bomber, and the Grumman TBF Avenger was designed as a torpedo bomber but often used in other attack roles. Later in the war some Essexes, such as Bunker Hill, also included Vought F4U Corsairs in fighter-bomber squadrons (VBFs), the precursor to modern fighter-attack squadrons (VFAs).[11] In the last year of the Pacific War, all of the carrier-based combat aircraft could mount several 5-inch High Velocity Aircraft Rockets (HVARs), which greatly improved their effectiveness against ground targets.
Ordnancemen working on bombs amid F6F-3 Hellcats parked on the carrier's hangar deck, c. October–December 1943. Other crewmen are watching a movie in the background.
Guns, radar and radios[edit]
The defensive plan was to use radio and radar in a combined effort to concentrate anti-aircraft fire.
The design mounted twelve 5 in (127 mm)/38 calibre gun turrets (4 twin turrets located near the island on the starboard side and 4 single open mounts located on the port side forward and port side aft), these guns had a maximum range of seven miles and a rate of fire of fifteen rounds per minute. In addition there were seventeen quadruple Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns and 65 single Oerlikon 20 mm cannon; the 5-inch guns could fire VT shells, known as proximity fuzed-shells, that would detonate when they came close to an enemy aircraft. The 5-inch guns could also aim into the water, creating waterspouts which could bring down low flying aircraft such as torpedo planes; the Bofors 40 mm guns were a significant improvement over the 1.1 in/75 caliber guns mounted in the earlier Lexington and Yorktown classes.
The Essex class also made use of the latest technology and communications equipment. All units were commissioned with SK air-search and SC and SG surface-search radars. Several of the class received SM fighter-direction radar. Two Mark 37 fire control directors fitted with FD Mark 4 tracking radar for the 5"/38 battery were installed; the Mk4 proved inadequate at distinguishing low-level intruders from surface clutter and was quickly replaced with the improved Mark 12/Mark 22 combination. 40mm AA batteries were controlled by Mark 51 optical directors with integrated gyro gun-sight lead-angle calculators. A Plan Position Indicator (PPI) display was used to keep track of ships and enabled a multi-carrier force to maintain a high-speed formation at night or in foul weather; the new navigational tool known as the Dead Reckoning Tracer was also implemented for navigation and tracking of surface ships. Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) was used to identify hostile ships and aircraft, especially at night or in adverse weather; the four-channel Very High Frequency (VHF) radio permitted channel variation in an effort to prevent enemy interception of transmissions. It also allowed for simultaneous radio contact with other ships and planes in the task force.
"Long-hull" Essex (Ticonderoga class)[edit]
The Boxer celebrating 75,000 landings in 1955.
Beginning in March 1943, one visually very significant change was authorized for ships then in the early stages of construction; this involved lengthening the bow above the waterline into a "clipper" form. The increased rake and flare provided deck space for two quadruple 40mm mounts; these units also had the flight deck slightly shortened forward to provide better arcs of fire.[12] Of the Essex-class ships laid down after 1942, only Bon Homme Richard followed the original "short bow" design; the later ships have been variously referred to as the "long-bow units",[13][14] the "long-hull group",[15][16] or the "Ticonderoga class".[1][17] However, the U.S. Navy never maintained any institutional distinction between the long-hull and short-hull members of the Essex class, and postwar refits and upgrades were applied to both groups equally.[17] Less immediately visible aspects of the March 1943 design modification included safer ventilation and aviation-fuel systems, moving the Combat Information Center below the armored deck, the addition of a second flight-deck catapult, the elimination of the hangar deck catapult, and a third Mk 37 fire-control director; some of these changes were also made to short-bow ships nearing completion or as they returned to the yards.
Modifications were made throughout the Essex building program; the number of 20 mm and 40 mm anti-aircraft guns was greatly increased, new and improved radars were added, the original hangar deck catapult was removed, the ventilation system was substantially revised, details of protection were altered, and hundreds of other large and small changes were executed. In the meantime, earlier ships were continually modified as they returned to the yard for repair and overhaul. For example, Intrepid, one of the first to be commissioned, by the end of the war had received two H-4B flight deck catapults in place of her original single H-4A; three quad 40mm mounts below the island to starboard, three more on the port side and one additional on both the starboard quarter and the stern; 21 additional 20mm mounts; SM fighter-control radar; FD Mk 4 radar replaced with Mk 12/22; and an enlarged flag bridge.[18] In fact, to the skilled observer, no two ships of the class looked exactly the same.[citation needed]
Post-war rebuilds[edit]
The straight-deck Lake Champlain
Ticonderoga with angled flight deck.
Five Essex-class units at Long Beach Navy Yard in 1966; Bennington, Yorktown and Hornet (angled flight decks; no bridle catchers) are configured as ASW carriers; Bon Homme Richard (angled deck; with bridle catchers) is an attack carrier; Valley Forge (axial flight deck) is serving as an LPH
The large numbers of new ships, coupled with their larger Midway-class contemporaries, sustained the Navy's air power through the rest of the 1940s, the Korean War era, and beyond. While the spacious hangars accommodated the introduction of jets, various modifications significantly improved the capability of fifteen of the ships to handle the jets’ increased weight and speed; these modifications included jet-blast deflectors (JBDs); an optical landing system (a British innovation); greater aviation fuel capacity; stronger decks, elevators, and catapults; and ultimately an angled flight deck.[19]
All of the short-hulls were laid up in 1946–47 along with five of the long-hulls. Eight of the last nine ships completed stayed on active duty to form, with three Midways, the backbone of the post-war Navy's combat strength. Though the Truman administration's defense economies sent three of the active Essexes into "mothballs" in 1949, these soon came back into commission after the Korean War began. Ultimately, all but two short-hulls and all thirteen long-hulls had active Cold War service.
Oriskany, which had been left unfinished at the end of the war, was completed to an improved design between August 1948 and September 1950, with a much stronger (straight) flight deck and a reconfigured island. Eight earlier ships were thoroughly rebuilt to the Oriskany design under the SCB-27A program in the early 1950s.[20] Six more of the earlier ships were rebuilt to an improved 27C design as the last stage of the SCB-27 program; these ships received steam catapults instead of the less powerful hydraulic units; the otherwise unmodified Antietam received an experimental 10.5 degree angled deck in 1952.[20] An angled flight deck and enclosed hurricane bow became the distinctive features of the SCB-125 program, which was undertaken concurrently with the last three 27C conversions and later applied to all 27A and 27C ships except Lake Champlain.[20] Shangri-La became the first operational United States angled deck aircraft carrier in 1955.[20] Oriskany, the first of the modernized ships but the last angled-deck conversion, received a unique SCB-125A refit which upgraded her to 27C standard, and included steam catapults and an aluminum flight deck.[20]
Korean War and subsequent Cold War needs ensured twenty-two of the twenty-four ships had extensive post–World War II service (Bunker Hill and Franklin had suffered heavy damage and were never recommissioned).[21] All initially carried attack air groups; however by 1955 seven unconverted Essexes were operating under the anti-submarine warfare carrier (CVS) designation established in August 1953;[20] as the Forrestal-class "supercarriers" entered the fleet, the eight 27A conversions were designated CVS to replace the original unconverted ships;[20] the latter began to leave active service in the late 1950s. Two 27C conversions were designated CVS in 1962 (although CVS-11 Intrepid would operate as an attack carrier off Vietnam) and two more in 1969;[20] the seven angle-deck 27As and one 27C received specialized CVS modifications including bow-mounted SQS-23 sonar under the SCB-144 program in the early 1960s.[20] The updated units remained active until age and the growing number of supercarriers made them obsolete, from the late 1960s into the middle 1970s. However, one of the very first of the type, Lexington, served until 1991 as a training ship. Four of the modernized ships have been preserved as museums; the remainder were scrapped starting in the 1970s save Oriskany, which the Navy contemplated reactivating in the 1980s and which was eventually scuttled as an artificial reef in 2006.
Of the unmodernized Essexes, Boxer, Princeton, and Valley Forge were redesignated Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) amphibious assault ships for the Marine Corps, and remained in commission with their original straight decks until about 1970;[20] the remainder decommissioned in the late 1950s and early 1960s and were promptly reclassified as aircraft transports (AVT), reflecting their very limited ability to operate modern aircraft safely. An unmodernised Essex was offered to the Royal Australian Navy in 1960 as a replacement for HMAS Melbourne but the offer was declined due to the expense of modifications required to make it operationally compatible with the RAN's primarily British-designed fleet.[22] All were scrapped, most in the 1970s.
Evolution of the air wing[edit]
For a typical attack carrier (CVA) configuration in 1956–57 aboard Bennington, the air wing consisted of one squadron each of the following: FJ-3 Furies, F2H Banshees, F9F Cougars, AD-6, AD-5N, and AD-5W Skyraiders, AJ-2 Savages, and F9F-8P photo Cougars.[23]
By the mid-to-late 1960s, the attack air wing had evolved. Oriskany deployed with two squadrons of F-8J Crusaders, three squadrons of A-4E Skyhawks, E-1 Tracers, EKA-3B Skywarriors, and RF-8G photo Crusaders. In 1970, the three A-4 squadrons were replaced by two squadrons of A-7A Corsair IIs;[24] the F-4 Phantom II and A-6 Intruder were considered too heavy to operate from the Essex-class.
Tasked and fitted out as an ASW carrier (CVS), the air wing of an Essex such as Bennington in the 1960s consisted of two squadrons of S2F Trackers and one squadron of SH-34 Seabat ASW helicopters (replaced in 1964 by SH-3A Sea Kings). Airborne early warning was first provided by modified EA-1Es; these were upgraded in 1965 to E-1Bs. A small detachment of A-4B's or A-4C's (4 aircraft) were also embarked to provide daylight fighter protection for the ASW aircraft.[23][25]
Landing Platform Helicopter converted ships such as Boxer never had an angled landing deck installed and flew only helicopters such as the UH-34 Seahorse and CH-46 Sea Knight. Four converted Essex-class ships served alongside the purpose built Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ships providing floating helicopter bases for US Marines. The LPHs were sometimes also used as aircraft ferries for all branches of the U.S. armed forces. The AV-8A arrived into Marine Corps inventory too late to see regular fixed wing operations return to these ships, it was possible to launch and recover small aircraft like the OV-10 Bronco without need of catapult or arresting wires, but this was very rarely permitted on these straight-deck ships for safety reasons and to avoid interruption of helicopter operations.
Military contributions[edit]
One author called the Essex class "the most significant class of warships in American naval history", citing the large number produced and "their role in making the aircraft carrier the backbone of the U.S. Navy."[26]
Essex-class ships played a central role in the Pacific theater of World War II from 1943 through the end of the war, beginning with raids in the central Pacific and the invasion of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands; the ships successfully performed a number of missions, included air superiority, attacking the Japanese fleet, supporting landings, fleet protection, bombing the Japanese home islands, and transporting aircraft and troops. Along the way, the carriers survived bombs, torpedoes, kamikazes, and typhoons without one ship being sunk.
Eleven of the Essex carriers participated in the Korean War;[27] these ships played a major role throughout the entire war. Missions included attacks on all types of ground targets, air superiority, and antisubmarine patrols.
Thirteen of the 24 carriers originally built participated in the Vietnam War, including the prelude and follow-up.[27] However, their inability to support the latest aircraft constrained some of those ships to specialized roles as helicopter carriers or antisubmarine platforms; the ships still performing an attack mission generally carried older aircraft types than the supercarriers. Yet, the Essex class still made significant contributions to all aspects of the U.S. war effort. In one notable event, during the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, aircraft from Ticonderoga fired at North Vietnamese torpedo boats that had attacked a U.S. destroyer.[28]
The carriers also contributed between the wars, projecting U.S. power around the world and performing antisubmarine patrols. When the Cold War heated up, the Essex carriers were often involved, including Quemoy and the Matsu Islands, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.[29] Also, from 1957 through 1991 an Essex-class ship served as the Navy's training carrier—Antietam from 1957 through 1962 and Lexington for the remainder of the time.[30]
Space program[edit]
Several Essex-class ships played a part in the United States' human spaceflight program, as recovery ships for unmanned and manned spaceflights, between 1960 and 1973.
USS Valley Forge was the recovery ship for the unmanned flight of Mercury-Redstone 1A on 19 December 1960; the first spaceflight by an American was on Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7), recovered by Lake Champlain on 5 May 1961. Randolph recovered the next flight, Mercury-Redstone 4 (Liberty Bell 7), on 21 July 1961, and she was the primary recovery ship for Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7), the first orbital flight by an American; the next manned flight, Mercury-Atlas 7 (Aurora 7), was picked up by Intrepid on 24 May 1962, and Kearsarge recovered the last two Mercury spacecraft, Mercury-Atlas 8 (Sigma 7), on 3 October 1962, and Mercury-Atlas 9 (Faith 7), on 16 May 1963.[31]
When the Mercury program's successor, Project Gemini, got underway, Essexes were again closely involved. Lake Champlain recovered the second unmanned flight, Gemini 2, on 19 January 1965; and Intrepid recovered the first manned flight, Gemini 3. Wasp recovered the crew of Gemini IV on 7 June, and on 29 August, Lake Champlain picked up Gemini 5 after eight days in space. In December 1965, Wasp made history by picking up two spacecraft in just over two days: Gemini VI-A on 16 December, and Gemini 7 on 18 December, after their orbital rendezvous test flight, she also recovered Gemini 9A on 6 June 1966 and the final Gemini spaceflight, Gemini 12 on 15 November.[32]
The successful use of the carriers as recovery ships continued into the Apollo program. On 26 February 1966, Boxer recovered the command module from AS-201, the first unmanned flight of a production Apollo Command and Service Module. AS-202, another sub-orbital test flight of the command module, was recovered in August by Hornet; the command module from that flight is currently on display aboard Hornet. Bennington recovered the command module of Apollo 4, the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle, on 9 November 1967.[33]
Eleven months later, Essex recovered the astronauts of Apollo 7, the first manned mission in the Apollo program, after eleven days in orbit. Yorktown recovered the astronauts of Apollo 8, after their historic flight around the Moon in December 1968; and Princeton recovered the second crew to orbit the Moon, aboard Apollo 10, in May 1969.[33]
Hornet rejoined the program and recovered the astronauts from the first two moon landing missions, Apollo 11 in July 1969[33] and Apollo 12 in November;[34] the first steps on Earth of returning astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Mike Collins, are marked on her hangar deck, as part of her Apollo program exhibit. The three subsequent missions utilized amphibious assault ships as support vessels; however, Ticonderoga recovered the astronauts of the last two moon missions, Apollo 16[35] and Apollo 17 in April and December 1972.[36]
In the post-Apollo era, Ticonderoga again acted as a recovery ship for the astronauts of Skylab 2, the first manned mission to Skylab, the first U.S. orbital space station, in June 1973.[37]
The ships today[edit]
Four Essex-class ships have been preserved, and opened to the public as museums:
Yorktown, at Patriot's Point, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
Intrepid, in New York City
Hornet, in Alameda, California
Lexington, at Corpus Christi, Texas.
Until Midway opened at San Diego, every preserved aircraft carrier in the U.S. was an Essex.
Oriskany was scuttled in 2006 to form an artificial reef off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, and can be visited by experienced divers.[38]
Ships in class[edit]
Hull no.
Keel laid
Rebuild(s)
Re-designations
Decomm
CV-9 Essex NNSD Feb 1940 Apr 1941 Jul 1942 Dec 1942
Jan 1951 SCB-27A, 1951
SCB-125, 1956
SCB-144, 1962 CVA-9, 1952
CVS-9, 1960 Jan 1947
Jun 1969 Scrapped (Jun 1975)
CV-10 Yorktown
(ex-Bon Homme Richard) NNSD May 1940 Dec 1941 Jan 1943 Apr 1943
SCB-144, 1966 CVA-10, 1953
CVS-10, 1957 Jan 1947
Jun 1970 Museum at Charleston, SC (1975)
CV-11 Intrepid NNSD May 1940 Dec 1941 Apr 1943 Aug 1943
Oct 1954 SCB-27C, 1954
CVS-11, 1961 Mar 1947
Mar 1974 Museum at New York City (1982)
CV-12 Hornet
(ex-Kearsarge) NNSD Sep 1940 Aug 1942 Aug 1943 Nov 1943
Sep 1953 SCB-27A, 1953
CVS-12,1958 Jan 1947
Jun 1970 Museum at Alameda, CA (1998)
CV-13 Franklin NNSD Sep 1940 Dec 1942 Oct 1943 Jan 1944 Feb 1947 Scrapped (Aug 1966)
CV-14 Ticonderoga*
(ex-Hancock) NNSD Sep 1940 Feb 1943 Feb 1944 May 1944
Sep 1973 Scrapped (Sep 1975)
CV-15 Randolph* NNSD Sep 1940 May 1943 Jun 1944 Oct 1944
Jul 1953 SCB-27A, 1953
CVS-15, 1959 Feb 1948
Feb 1969 Scrapped (May 1975)
CV-16 Lexington
(ex-Cabot) FRSY Sep 1940 Jul 1941 Sep 1942 Feb 1943
Aug 1955 SCB-27C/125, 1955 CVA-16,1955
CVS-16, 1962
CVT-16, 1969
AVT-16, 1978 Apr 1947
Nov 1991 Museum at Corpus Christi, TX (1992)
CV-17 Bunker Hill FRSY Sep 1940 Sep 1941 Dec 1942 May 1943 Jan 1947 Scrapped (May 1973)
CV-18 Wasp
(ex-Oriskany) FRSY Sep 1940 Mar 1942 Aug 1943 Nov 1943
Jul 1972 Scrapped (May 1973)
CV-19 Hancock*
(ex-Ticonderoga) FRSY Sep 1940 Jan 1943 Jan 1944 April 1944
Nov 1956 SCB-27C, 1954
CV-19, 1975 May 1947
Jan 1976 Scrapped (Sep 1976)
CV-20 Bennington BNY Dec 1941 Dec 1942 Feb 1944 Aug 1944
Nov 1952 SCB-27A, 1952
CVS-20, 1959 Nov 1946
Jan 1970 Scrapped (Jan 1994)
CV-21 Boxer* NNSD Dec 1941 Sep 1943 Dec 1944 Apr 1945 Amphib CVA-21, 1952
LPH-4, 1959 Dec 1969 Scrapped (Feb 1971)
CV-31 Bon Homme Richard BNY Aug 1942 Feb 1943 Apr 1944 Nov 1944
Sep 1955 SCB-27C/125, 1955 CVA-31, 1952 Jan 1947
Jul 1971 Scrapped (Mar 1992)
CV-32 Leyte*
(ex-Crown Point) NNSD Aug 1942 Feb 1944 Aug 1945 Apr 1946 CVA-32, 1952
CVS-32, 1953 May 1959 Scrapped (Mar 1970)
CV-33 Kearsarge* BNY Aug 1942 Mar 1944 May 1945 Mar 1946
Feb 1952 SCB-27A, 1952
CVS-33, 1958 Jun 1950
Feb 1970 Scrapped (Feb 1974)
CV-34 Oriskany** BNY Aug 1942 May 1944 Oct 1945 Sep 1950
Mar 1959 SCB-27, 1950
SCB-125A, 1959 CVA-34, 1952
CV-34, 1975 Jan 1957
Sep 1976 Scuttled as an artificial reef in Gulf of Mexico (May 2006)
CV-35 Reprisal*** BNY Aug 1942 July 1944 1946 Scrapped (Nov 1949)
CV-36 Antietam* PNY Aug 1942 Mar 1943 Aug 1944 Jan 1945
Jan 1951 Experimental angled deck, 1952 CVA-36, 1952
CVS-36, 1953 1949
May 1963 Scrapped (Feb 1974)
CV-37 Princeton*
(ex-Valley Forge) PNY Aug 1942 Sep 1943 Jul 1945 Nov 1945
Aug 1950 Amphib CVA-37, 1952
LPH-5, 1959 Jun 1949
Jan 1970 Scrapped (May 1971)
CV-38 Shangri-La* NNY Aug 1942 Jan 1943 Feb 1944 Sep 1944
May 1951 SCB-27C/125, 1955 CVA-38, 1952
Jul 1971 Scrapped (Aug 1988)
CV-39 Lake Champlain* NNY Aug 1942 Mar 1943 Nov 1944 Jun 1945
Sep 1952 SCB-27A, 1952 CVA-39, 1952
May 1966 Scrapped (Apr 1972)
CV-40 Tarawa* NNY Aug 1942 Mar 1944 May 1945 Nov 1945
Feb 1951 CVA-40, 1952
May 1960 Scrapped (Oct 1968)
CV-45 Valley Forge* PNY Jun 1943 Sep 1944 Nov 1945 Nov 1946 Amphib CVA-45, 1952
LPH-8, 1961 Jan 1970 Scrapped (Oct 1971)
CV-46 Iwo Jima*** NNSD Jun 1943 Jan 1945 Canceled while under construction. Scrapped 1946
CV-47 Philippine Sea* FRSY Jun 1943 Aug 1944 Sep 1945 May 1946 CVA-47, 1952
CVS-47, 1955 Dec 1958 Scrapped (Mar 1971)
* Long-bow units
** Completed to modified design
*** Never completed
NNSD = Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock, Newport News, Virginia
FRSY = Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts
BNY = New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York
NNY = Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia
PNY = Philadelphia Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Hull numbers 22–30 in the aircraft carrier sequence were assigned to the Independence-class light carriers (CVL); hull numbers 41–44 were assigned to the large carriers (CVB) of the Midway class.
Reprisal, laid down in July 1944 at the New York Navy Yard and launched in 1945, had her construction cancelled due to an accident on 12 August 1945 when the ship was about half complete, she was scrapped incomplete after tests. Iwo Jima (CV-46) was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding yards in January 1945 but cancelled in August 1945 and broken up on the slipway.
Six fiscal-year 1945 ships, none of which received names, were assigned to Fore River (CV-50), Brooklyn Navy Yard (CV-51 and CV-52), Philadelphia Navy Yard (CV-53) and Norfolk Navy Yard (CV-54 and CV-55), their construction was canceled in March 1945.
Oriskany (CV-34) was ordered and laid down as an Essex-class vessel, was completed in 1950 to the much modified SCB-27 design, and from commissioning until her reconstruction 1957–59 was listed as the lead ship of the separate Oriskany class.
Later class assignments[edit]
Successive rebuildings and changing roles meant that the original unitary Essex class became divided by the Navy into several classes, which went through many shifts and re-namings. According to the United States Naval Vessel Register[39] the final class assignments were
CVS-10 Yorktown class (SCB-27A): Essex, Yorktown, Hornet, Randolph, Wasp, Bennington, Kearsarge, Lake Champlain
CVS-11 Intrepid class (SCB-27C + SCB-144): Intrepid
CVA-19 Hancock class (SCB-27C): Ticonderoga, Hancock, Bon Homme Richard, Oriskany, Shangri-La
AVT-8 Franklin class (unreconstructed ships): Franklin, Bunker Hill, Leyte, Antietam, Tarawa, Philippine Sea
AVT-16 Lexington class (training carrier): Lexington
LPH-4 Boxer class (helicopter assault conversions): Boxer, Princeton, Valley Forge
Media related to Essex class aircraft carriers at Wikimedia Commons
List of ship classes of the Second World War
^ a b St. John 1999, p. 10.
^ Faltum 1996, p. 12.
^ Friedman, table 7-1. "Evolution of Schemes for the Essex Design, 1939–40". 9G had a 2.5 inch STS armored deck, a length on the waterline of 830 ft and a beam of 96.3 ft compared to 820 ft by 91 ft for Design 9F.
^ Although this classification was later dropped in the 1950s when Essex, after her SCB-27A reconstruction, joined what was then the Oriskany class.
^ Faltum 1996, p. 6.
^ Roberts 1982, p. 11.
^ Mark Stile and Tony Brian, "U.S. Navy Aircraft Carriers 1942–45: World War II-Built Ships," United Kingdom: Osprey, 2007. p. 48
^ USS Bennington, "Action Report, Operations in Support of the Occupation of Okinawa Including Strike Against Kanoya Airfield, Kyushu. 28 May to 10 June 1945", p. 18. On June 5, 1945, USS Bennington reported that her maximum hangar capacity was 51 aircraft, 15 SB2Cs and 36 F4Us, and that 52 were carried as a deck park. At that time she carried 15 TBMs, 15 SB2Cs and the rest were a mix of F6Fs and F4Us, she was prompted to utilize, and report on, her maximum hangar storage due to a Typhoon.
^ Sowinski 1980, p. 30.
^ Sowinski 1980, pp. 30, 97.
^ Raven 1988, pp. 42, 56.
^ Fahey 1950, p. 5.
^ Friedman 1983, p. 151.
^ Roberts (1982)
^ Faltum 1996, pp. 116, 132.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Cross, Richard F., III. "Essex: More than a Ship, More than a Class". United States Naval Institute Proceedings, September 1975, pp. 58–69.
^ This was not in fact because they were in poor condition, but paradoxically because they were in excellent condition thanks to their having been effectively rebuilt following battle damage; the Navy reserved them for a proposed "ultimate Essex conversion" which never came about.
^ Frame, Tom (1992). Pacific Partners: a history of Australian-American naval relations. p. 101. ISBN 0-340-56685-X.
^ a b "AIR GROUPS - USS BENNINGTON". www.uss-bennington.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ History of Ship p. 3 Archived 2 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
^ VA-93 Blue Blazers Archived 4 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The Skyhawk Association Homepage. Accessed 10 July 2009.
^ a b Faltum 1996, pp. 167–74.
^ Faltum 1996, p. 141.
^ Faltum 1996, pp. 139–40.
^ Faltum 1996, pp. 134, 154, 169.
^ This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury Archived 13 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine. NASA Special Publication-4201. Loyd S. Swenson Jr., James M. Grimwood, Charles C. Alexander, 1989.
^ On The Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini Archived 7 December 2003 at the Wayback Machine. NASA Special Publication-4203. Barton C. Hacker and James M. Grimwood, 1977.
^ a b c Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft Archived 9 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. NASA Special Publication-4205. Courtney G Brooks, James M. Grimwood, Loyd S. Swenson, 1979.
^ Apollo 12 Archived 10 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, NASA (NSSDC ID: 1969-099A)
^ SP-4012 NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOK: VOLUME III PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS 1969–1978 Archived 26 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Table 2-49, Skylab 2 Characteristics
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2013. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "NVR Home Page". www.nvr.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Donald, David; Daniel J. March (2001). Carrier Aviation Air Power Directory. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. ISBN 1-880588-43-9.
Fahey, James (1950). The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet (Sixth Edition). Washington, DC: Ships and Aircraft. ISBN 0-87021-645-7.
Faltum, Andrew (1996). The Essex Aircraft Carriers. Baltimore, Maryland: The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America. ISBN 1-877853-26-7.
Friedman, Norman (1983). U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-739-9.
Raven, Alan (1988). Essex-Class Carriers. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-021-1.
Roberts, John (1982). Anatomy of the Ship: The Aircraft Carrier Intrepid. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-251-X.
Sowinski, Lawrence (2000). "The Essex Class Carriers". Warship Volume II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-976-6.
St. John, Philip (1999). USS Essex (CV/CVA/CVS-9). Nashville, TN: Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56311-492-5.
St. John, Philip (2000). USS Randolph (CV/CVA/CVS-15). Nashville, TN: Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56311-539-5.
United States Navy, Bureau of Ships (1999). "Design Histories of United States Warships of World War II: The Essex Class CV-9-21, 31-40, 45-47 (Part 1)". Warship International. XXXVI (4): 325–340. ISSN 0043-0374.
Wright, C. C. (1999). "Technical Annex (Part 2)–Essex (CV-9) Class Selected Ship Characteristics". Warship International. XXXVI (4): 341–398. ISSN 0043-0374.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
Essex-class aircraft carriers
Short-hull group
Bon Homme Richard
Long-hull group
Kearsarge
Reprisal
Iwo Jima
Philippine Sea
Modernization programs
SCB-27
Preceded by: USS Wasp
Followed by: Midway class
List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
United States naval ship classes of World War II
MidwayC
Light aircraft carriers
SaipanC
Escort carriers
Bogue
Sangamon
Commencement Bay
MontanaX
Large cruisers
Heavy cruisers
WichitaS
Oregon CityC
Des MoinesC
Light cruisers
FargoC
JuneauC
WorcesterC
Gunboats
PlymouthS
WilliamsburgS
PGM-1
Destroyers
Mahan
Benham
Gleaves
Allen M. Sumner
Robert H. Smith
Destroyer escorts
Evarts
Edsall
Rudderow
John C. Butler
Patrol frigates
PT boat
Minelayers
OglalaS
WassucS
MonadnockS
MiantonomahS
TerrorS
KeokukS
SalemS
WeehawkenS
Camanche
Minesweepers
ArgonautS
Balao
T1 tanker
Alstede
Aldebaran
Acubens
Denebola
Hyades
Auxiliary ships
floating drydock
Repair dock
Combat stores
Destroyer tender
High-speed transport
Net laying
Motor torpedo boat tender
Seaplane tender
Submarine tender
Underway replenishment
Single ship of class
Completed after the war
LCCN: sh2010003839
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essex-class_aircraft_carrier&oldid=897062887"
Aircraft carrier classes
World War II aircraft carriers of the United States
Cold War aircraft carriers of the United States
Korean War aircraft carriers of the United States
Vietnam War aircraft carriers of the United States
CS1 maint: Archived copy as title
5"/38 caliber gun
The Mark 12 5"/38 caliber gun was a United States naval gun. The gun was installed into Single Purpose and Dual Purpose mounts used by the US Navy. On these 5" mounts, Single Purpose means that the mount is limited to 35° elevation with no provision for AA shell fuze setters, is designed to fire at surface targets only. Dual Purpose means that it is designed to be effective against both surface and aircraft targets because it can elevate to 85° and has on mount AA shell fuze setters; the 38 caliber barrel was a mid-length compromise between the previous United States standard 5"/51 low-angle gun and 5"/25 anti-aircraft gun. United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 5 inches in diameter, the barrel was 38 calibers long, making the 5"/38 dual purpose midway in barrel length between the 5"/51 surface-to-surface and the 5"/25 anti-aircraft guns; the increased barrel length provided improved performance in both anti-aircraft and anti-surface roles compared to the 5"/25 gun.
However, except for the barrel length and the use of semi-fixed ammunition, the 5"/38 gun was derived from the 5"/25 gun. Both weapons had power ramming; the 5"/38 entered service on USS Farragut, commissioned in 1934. The base ring mount, which improved the effective rate of fire, entered service on USS Gridley, commissioned in 1937. Among naval historians, the 5"/38 gun is considered the best intermediate-caliber, dual purpose naval gun of World War II as it was under the control of the advanced Mark 37 Gun Fire Control System which provided accurate and timely firing against surface and air targets; this advanced system required nearly 1000 rounds of ammunition expenditure per aircraft kill. However, the planes were killed by shell fragments and not direct hits; this would result in large walls of shell fragments being put up to take out one or several planes or in anticipation of an unseen plane, this being justifiable as one plane was capable of significant destruction. The comparatively high rate of fire for a gun of its caliber earned it an enviable reputation as an anti-aircraft weapon, in which role it was employed by United States Navy vessels.
Base ring mounts. On pedestal and other mounts lacking integral hoists, 12 to 15 rounds per minute was the rate of fire. Useful life expectancy was 4600 effective full charges per barrel; the 5"/38 cal gun was mounted on a large number of US Navy ships in the World War II era. It was backfitted to many of the World War I-era battleships during their wartime refits replacing 5"/25 guns that were fitted in the 1930s, it has left active US Navy service, but it is still on mothballed ships of the United States Navy reserve fleets. It is used by a number of nations who bought or were given US Navy surplus ships. Millions of rounds of ammunition were produced for these guns, with over 720,000 rounds still remaining in Navy storage depots in the mid-1980s because of the large number of Reserve Fleet ships with 5"/38 cal guns on board; each mount carries one or two Mk 12 5"/38cal Gun Assemblies. The gun assembly shown is used in single mounts, it is the right gun in twin mounts, it is loaded from the left side.
The left gun in twin mounts is the mirror image of the right gun, it is loaded from the right side. The Mk12 gun assembly weighs 3,990 lb; the Mark 12 Gun Assembly was introduced in 1934, where it was first used in single pedestal mounts on the Farragut-class destroyers, but by the time of World War II they had been installed in single and twin mounts on nearly every major warship and auxiliary in the US fleet. The major Mk12 Gun Assembly characteristics are::158 Semi-automatic During recoil, some of the recoil energy is stored in the counter-recoil system; that stored. The firing pin is cocked, the breech is opened, the spent propellant case is ejected, the bore is cleared of debris with an air blast. Hand loaded a powder-man are stationed at each gun assembly, their job is to move the round, consisting of a projectile and a propellant case, from the hoists to the rammer tray projecting from the gun's breech, start the ram cycle. Power rammed This gun used a 7.5 hp electric-hydraulic power rammer, designed to ram a 93 lb, 47.5 in long round into the chamber at any gun elevation in less than one second.:172 The rammer's control box, hydraulic fluid tank and AC motor are bolted to the top of the slide.
The hydraulically driven rammer spade, called the power spade in that picture, is at the back of the rammer tray. If the multiple names of the "spade" are confusing, look at this footnote. Vertical sliding-wedge breech block, it contains the firing pin assembly. Hydraulic recoil Two hydraulic pistons in the housing absorb the major shock of recoil as the housing moves back inside the slide, they buffer the end of counter-recoil for a soft return to battery. Pneumatic counter-recoil At the end of recoil, the counter-recoil system moves the housing forward again until it is back "in battery," and holds it there at any gun elevation. A chamber in the housing is filled with compressed air. At the rear of this chamber is a 3.5 in cylindrical hole with a c
USS Saratoga (CV-3)
USS Saratoga was a Lexington-class aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy during the 1920s. Designed as a battlecruiser, she was converted into one of the Navy's first aircraft carriers during construction to comply with the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922; the ship was assigned to the Pacific Fleet for her entire career. Saratoga and her sister ship, were used to develop and refine carrier tactics in a series of annual exercises before World War II. On more than one occasion these exercises included successful surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, she was one of three prewar US fleet aircraft carriers, along with Enterprise and Ranger, to serve throughout World War II. Shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Saratoga was the centerpiece of the unsuccessful American effort to relieve Wake Island and was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine a few weeks later. After lengthy repairs, the ship supported forces participating in the Guadalcanal Campaign and her aircraft sank the light carrier Ryūjō during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942.
She was again torpedoed the following month and returned to the Solomon Islands area after repairs were completed. In 1943, Saratoga supported Allied forces involved in the New Georgia Campaign and invasion of Bougainville in the northern Solomon Islands and her aircraft twice attacked the Japanese base at Rabaul in November. Early in 1944, her aircraft provided air support during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign before she was transferred to the Indian Ocean for several months to support the British Eastern Fleet as it attacked targets in Java and Sumatra. After a brief refit in mid-1944, the ship became a training ship for the rest of the year. In early 1945, Saratoga participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a dedicated night fighter carrier. Several days into the battle, she was badly damaged by kamikaze hits and was forced to return to the United States for repairs. While under repair, the ship, now obsolete, was permanently modified as a training carrier with some of her hangar deck converted into classrooms.
Saratoga remained in this role for the rest of the war and was used to ferry troops back to the United States after the Japanese surrender in August. In mid-1946, the ship was a target for nuclear weapon tests during Operation Crossroads, she was sunk by the second test. Saratoga was the fifth US Navy ship named after the 1777 Battle of Saratoga, an important victory during the Revolutionary War, she was authorized in 1916 as a Lexington-class battlecruiser, but construction was placed on hold so that higher-priority anti-submarine vessels and merchant ships, needed to ensure the safe passage of men and materiel to Europe during Germany's U-boat campaign, could be built. After the war the ship was extensively redesigned to incorporate improved boiler technology, anti-torpedo bulges, a general increase in armor protection based on British wartime experiences. Given the hull number of CC-3, Saratoga was laid down on 25 September 1920 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey. In February 1922, before the Washington Naval Conference concluded, the ship's construction was suspended when she was 28 percent complete.
She was ordered to be converted to an aircraft carrier with the hull number CV-3 on 1 July 1922. Her displacement was reduced by a total of 4,000 long tons, achieved by the elimination of her main armament of eight 16-inch guns in four twin gun turrets; the main armor belt was retained. The hull remained unaltered, as did the torpedo protection system, because they had been built and it would have been too expensive to alter them; the ship had an overall length of 888 feet, a beam of 106 feet, a draft of 30 feet 5 inches at deep load. Saratoga had a standard displacement of 36,000 long tons, 43,055 long tons at deep load. At that displacement, she had a metacentric height of 7.31 feet. Christened by Olive Doolittle, wife of Curtis D. Wilbur, Secretary of the Navy, Saratoga was launched on 7 April 1925 and commissioned on 16 November 1927, under the command of Captain Harry E. Yarnell, she was nicknamed by her crew Sister Sara and Sara Maru. In 1942, the ship had a crew of 100 officers and 1,840 enlisted men, an aviation group totaling 141 officers and 710 enlisted men.
By 1945, her crew totaled 3,373, including her aviation group. The ship's flight deck had a maximum width of 105 feet 11 inches, her flight deck was widened forward and extended 16 feet aft during her refit in mid-1941. When built, her hangar "was the largest single enclosed space afloat on any ship" and had an area of 33,528 square feet, it was 424 feet long and no less than 68 feet wide. Its minimum height was 21 feet, it was divided by a single fire curtain just forward of the aft aircraft elevator. Aircraft repair shops, 108 feet long, were aft of the hangar, below them was a storage space for disassembled aircraft, 128 feet long. Saratoga was fitted with two hydraulically powered elevators on her centerline; the forward elevator's dimensions were 30 by 60 feet and it had a capacity of 16,000 pounds. The aft elevator measured 30 by 36 feet. Avgas was stored in eight compartments of the torpedo protection system, their capacity has been quoted as either 132,264 US gallons or 163,000 US gallons (620
Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons, based on an original German 20 mm Becker design that appeared early in World War I. It was produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II, many versions still in use today. During World War I, the German industrialist Reinhold Becker developed a 20 mm caliber cannon, known now as the 20 mm Becker using the Advanced Primer Ignition blowback method of operation; this had a cyclic rate of fire of 300 rpm. It was used on a limited scale as an aircraft gun on Luftstreitkräfte warplanes, an anti-aircraft gun towards the end of that war; because the Treaty of Versailles banned further production of such weapons in Germany, the patents and design works were transferred in 1919 to the Swiss firm SEMAG based near Zürich. SEMAG continued development of the weapon, in 1924 had produced the SEMAG L, a heavier weapon that fired more powerful 20x100RB ammunition at a higher rate of fire, 350 rpm.
In 1924 SEMAG failed. The Oerlikon firm, named after the Zürich suburb of Oerlikon where it was based acquired all rights to the weapon, plus the manufacturing equipment and the employees of SEMAG. In 1927 the Oerlikon S was added to the existing product line; this fired a still larger cartridge to achieve a muzzle velocity of 830 m/s, at the cost of increased weight and a reduced rate of fire. The purpose of this development was to improve the performance of the gun as an anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapon, which required a higher muzzle velocity. An improved version known as the 1S followed in 1930. Three sizes of gun with their different ammunition and barrel length, but similar mechanisms, continued to be developed in parallel. In 1930 Oerlikon reconsidered the application of its gun in aircraft and introduced the AF and AL, designed to be used in flexible mounts, i.e. manually aimed by a gunner. The 15-round box magazine used by earlier versions of the gun was replaced by drum magazine holding 15 or 30 rounds.
In 1935 it made an important step by introducing a series of guns designed to be mounted in or on the wings of fighter aircraft. Designated with FF for Flügelfest meaning "wing-mounted", these weapons were again available in the three sizes, with designations FF, FFL and FFS; the FF fired a larger cartridge than the AF, 20x72RB, but the major improvement in these weapons was a significant increase in rate of fire. The FF weighed 24 kg and achieved a muzzle velocity of 550 to 600 m/s with a rate of fire of 520 rpm; the FFL of 30 kg fired a projectile at a muzzle velocity of 675 m/s with a rate of fire of 500 rpm. And the FFS, which weighed 39 kg, delivered a high muzzle velocity of 830 m/s at a rate of fire of 470 rpm. Apart from changes to the design of the guns for wing-mounting and remote control, larger drums were introduced as it would not be possible to exchange magazines in flight. For the FF series drum sizes of 45, 60, 75 and 100 rounds were available, but most users chose the 60-round drum.
The 1930s were a period of global re-armament, a number of foreign firms took licenses for the Oerlikon family of aircraft cannon. In France, Hispano-Suiza manufactured development of the FFS as the Hispano-Suiza HS.7 and Hispano-Suiza HS.9, for installation between the cylinder banks of its V-12 engines. In Germany, Ikaria further developed the FF gun as firing 20x80RB ammunition, and the Imperial Japanese Navy, after evaluating all three guns, ordered developments of the FF and FFL as the Type 99-1 and Type 99-2. The incorporation of the improvements of the FFS in a new anti-aircraft gun produced, in 1938, the Oerlikon SS. Oerlikon realized further improvements in rate of fire on the 1SS of 1942, the 2SS of 1945 which achieved 650 rpm. However, it was the original SS gun, adopted as anti-aircraft gun, being widely used by Allied navies during World War II; this gun used a 400-grain charge of IMR 4831 smokeless powder to propel a 2,000-grain projectile at 2,800 feet per second. The Oerlikon FF was installed as armament on some fighters of the 1930s, such as the Polish PZL P.24G.
Locally produced derivatives of the Oerlikon cannon were used much more extensively, on aircraft, on ships and on land. In the air, the Ikaria MG FF was used as armament on a number of German aircraft, of which the most famous is the Messerschmitt Bf 109; the Japanese Navy used their copy of the FF, designated the Type 99 Mark One cannon on a number of types including the Mitsubishi A6M Zero. In the war, they equipped fighters including the Zero with the Type 99 Mark Two, a version of the more powerful and faster-firing Oerlikon FFL; the French firm of Hispano-Suiza was a manufacturer of aircraft engines, it marketed the moteur-canon combination of its 12X and 12Y engines with a H. S.7 or H. S.9 cannon installed between the cylinder banks. The gun fired through the hollow propeller hub, this being elevated above the crankcase by the design of the gearing; such armament was installed on the Morane-Saulnier M. S.406 and some other types. Similar German installations of the MG FF were not successful.
The Oerlikon became best known in its naval applications. The Oerlikon was not looked upon favorably by the Royal Navy as a short-range anti-aircraft gun. All through 1937-1938 Lord Louis Mountbatten a Captain in the Royal Navy, waged a lone campaign within the Royal Navy to set up an unprejudiced trial for the Oerlikon 20 mm gun, but it was all in vain, it was not until the Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet, Admiral Sir Roger Backhouse, was appointed First Sea Lord tha
USS Hornet is an Essex-class aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy during World War II. Completed in late 1943, the ship was assigned to Task Force 58 in the Pacific Ocean, the navy's primary offensive force during the Pacific War. In early 1944, she participated in attacks on Japanese installations in New Guinea and Truk among others. Hornet took part in the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign and most of the subsidiary operations, most notably the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June, nicknamed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot for the disproportionate losses inflicted upon the Japanese. At the end of the war she took part in Operation Magic Carpet, returning troops to the U. S, she served in the Vietnam War and played a part in the Apollo program, recovering the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 astronauts as they returned from the Moon. Hornet was decommissioned in 1970, she was designated as both a National Historic Landmark and a California Historical Landmark, she opened to the public as the USS Hornet Museum in Alameda, California, in 1998.
The Essex-class ships were much larger than the preceding Yorktown-class aircraft carriers which allowed them to carry more aircraft and armament. The initial ships had a length of 872 feet overall and 820 feet at the waterline, although this was revised to an overall length of 888 feet in the "long-hull" sub-class when the bow was reshaped to accommodate a pair of quadruple 40 millimetres mounts in the bow compared to the single mount in the earlier "short-hull" ships like Hornet. All of the ships had a beam of 93 feet at the waterline and a draft of 30 feet 10 inches at deep load, they displaced 27,100 long tons at 36,380 long tons at deep load. Their designed complement was 268 officers and 2,362 enlisted men, but this was inadequate from the beginning; the ships had four geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam supplied by eight Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of 150,000 shaft horsepower, enough to give a maximum speed of 33 knots.
The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 14,100 nautical miles at 20 knots. The short-hull Essexs had a flight deck, 862 feet long and had a maximum width of 108 feet. Below it was a 654 by 70 feet hangar with a height of 18 feet; the hangar was connected to the flight deck by three aircraft elevators, two in the flight deck and a folding one on the port side of the flight deck, abreast the island. Catapult arrangements for the early Essexs varied between ships. All of the Essexs were fitted with arresting gear to allow them to land aircraft over both the stern and the bow. Early in the design process, the Essexs were intended to carry over 100 aircraft: 27 fighters, 37 scout or dive bombers, 18 torpedo bombers, 3 observation and 2 utility aircraft, plus 21 disassembled spares. Early war experience increased the number of fighters to 36 at the expense of the observation and utility aircraft and reduced the number of spares to 9. By mid-1945, the air group consisted of 36 or 37 fighters, an equal number of fighter bombers, dive and torpedo squadrons of 15 aircraft apiece for a total of 103.
By this time, the fighter squadrons included specialist photo-reconnaissance and night fighter aircraft. The main armament of the Essex-class ships consisted of a dozen 38-caliber 5-inch dual-purpose guns arranged in two superfiring pairs of twin-gun turrets fore and aft of the island and four guns in single mounts on the port side of the flight deck; these guns were controlled by a pair of Mk 37 directors, mounted on the top of the island. The early short-hull Essexs were equipped with eight quadruple 40-millimeter Bofors anti-aircraft guns guns; each mount was controlled by its own Mk 51 director. The carriers were fitted with 46 Oerlikon 20-millimeter light AA guns on single mounts along the sides of the flight deck and on the island; the waterline armor belt of the carriers was 10 feet high, 508 feet long and covered the middle 62% of the hull. It was 4 inches thick; the hangar deck was 2.5 inches thick and the protective deck below it was 1.5 inches thick. Transverse 4-inch bulkheads closed off the ends of the belt armor to form the ship's armored citadel.
The steering gear was protected by 2.5-inches of special treatment steel. The Essex-class carriers were designed with little space reserved for radar and the additional systems added while under construction contributed to the general overcrowding of the crew and the cramped island of the ships. Hornet was completed with most of her radars mounted on the tripod mast atop her island, it carried SM height-finding radar and the SG surface search radar. A SC early-warning radar was positioned on a stub lattice mast on the starboard side of the funnel. Changes to the numbers of 20 mm guns aboard Hornet during the war are not available in the sources, although she had 35 single mounts by the end of the war; the ship did not return
USS Philippine Sea (CV-47) [videos]
USS Philippine Sea was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers of the United States Navy, and the first ship to be named for the Battle of the Philippine Sea. She was launched on 5 September 1945, after the end of World War II, and sponsored by the wife of the Governor of …
Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldivers aboard Philippine Sea during her cruise in the Mediterranean in 1948.
An AD-4 Skyraider takes off from Philippine Sea for a sortie to Korea in the fall of 1950.
Newport News Shipbuilding [videos]
Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries, is the largest industrial employer in Virginia, and sole designer, builder and refueler of United States Navy aircraft carriers and one of two providers of U.S. Navy submarines. Founded as the Chesapeake Dry Dock and …
An 1899 advertisement for the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company
The shipyard's railroad system
Hilton Village
Image: Newport News Shipyard, aerial view, Oct 1994
Fore River Shipyard [videos]
Fore River Shipyard was a shipyard owned by General Dynamics Corporation located on Weymouth Fore River in Braintree and Quincy, Massachusetts. It began operations in 1883 in Braintree, and moved to its final location on Quincy Point in 1901. In 1913, it was purchased by Bethlehem Steel, and later …
1899 advertisement for the Fore River Shipyard
On the bridge of USS Salem, looking over the former yard in 2010
Goliath crane, January 2008
The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority pelletizing plant
Brooklyn Navy Yard [videos]
The Brooklyn Navy Yard is a shipyard and industrial complex located in northwest Brooklyn in New York City, New York. The Navy Yard is located on the East River in Wallabout Bay, a semicircular bend of the river across from Corlears Hook in Manhattan. It …
Aerial photo taken in April 1945
Quarterwoman Mary Ann Woods and flag-makers making president's flag in 1914
Base housing at Ryerson Avenue gate
View from near Dry Dock 4
Philadelphia Naval Shipyard [videos]
The Navy Yard, formerly known as the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and Philadelphia Naval Business Center, was an important naval shipyard of the United States for almost two centuries. It is now a large industrial park that includes a commercial shipyard, Philly Shipyard. — Philadelphia's original …
Reserve Fleet in Philadelphia in 1955
The "League Island Crane" with the destroyer USS Lamson in the foreground
Aerial view NAMC Philadelphia, Mustin Field, and the shipyard in the mid-1940s
Image: Commandants Quarters PNS
Norfolk Naval Shipyard [videos]
The Norfolk Naval Shipyard, often called the Norfolk Navy Yard and abbreviated as NNSY, is a U.S. Navy facility in Portsmouth, Virginia, for building, remodeling, and repairing the Navy's ships. It is the oldest and largest industrial facility that belongs to the U.S. Navy as well as the most …
The 350-ton hammerhead crane at Norfolk Naval Shipyard
George Teamoh 1818 to after 1887. George Teamoh worked at Norfolk Navy Yard as an enslaved laborer and ship caulker in the 1830's and 1840's LOC photo
Shaping a ship's plate in October 1941
Aerial view of the shipyard looking north towards Norfolk
Columbia, personification of the United States, wearing a warship bearing the words "World Power" as her "Easter bonnet" on the cover of Puck, 6 April 1901.
Navy SEALs at one of the entrances Zhawar Kili cave complex.
Yorktown-class aircraft carrier [videos]
The Yorktown class was a class of three aircraft carriers built for the United States Navy and completed shortly before World War II. They immediately followed Ranger, the first U.S. aircraft carrier built as such, and benefited in design from experience with Ranger and the earlier Lexington class …
USS Enterprise
Enterprise and Hornet underway in May 1942.
Enterprise laid up in 1958.
Image: Yorktown class carrier technical drawing 1953
Midway-class aircraft carrier [videos]
The Midway-class aircraft carrier was one of the longest-serving aircraft carrier designs in history. First commissioned in late 1945, the lead ship of the class, USS Midway, was not decommissioned until 1992, shortly after service in Operation Desert Storm in 1991. USS Franklin D. Roosevelt was …
USS Midway
Franklin D. Roosevelt under way in 1969
Image: USS Midway (CV 41) leaving Yokosuka, Crew spelling Sayonara
Image: USS Coral Sea (CV 43) aerial photo at Benidorm 1988
USS Yorktown (CV-10) [videos]
USS Yorktown is one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during World War II for the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Yorktown of the American Revolutionary War, and is the fourth U.S. Navy ship to bear the name. Initially to have been named Bonhomme …
Commissioning of USS Yorktown on 15 April 1943.
Yorktown with planes of Carrier Air Group 1
Yorktown during the air operations in the Pacific
Yorktown after the SCB-27A conversion in 1953
USS Intrepid (CV-11) [videos]
USS Intrepid, also known as The Fighting "I", is one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during World War II for the United States Navy. She is the fourth US Navy ship to bear the name. Commissioned in August 1943, Intrepid participated in several campaigns in the Pacific …
USS Intrepid (CV-11) in the Philippine Sea, November 1944
Intrepid off Hunter's Point in June 1944, her deck loaded with aircraft to be transported to the Pacific Theater
Intrepid launching an aircraft during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
Musashi under fire 24 October 1944 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf
USS Hornet (CV-12) [videos]
USS Hornet is an Essex-class aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was originally named USS Kearsarge, but was renamed in honor of the prior USS Hornet, which was lost in October 1942, becoming the eighth ship to bear the name in the Navy …
The USS Hornet
Hornet in early 1945
Damaged by typhoon.
Hornet following her SCB-27A conversion.
USS Lexington (CV-16) [videos]
USS Lexington, nicknamed "The Blue Ghost", is an Essex-class aircraft carrier built during World War II for the United States Navy. Originally intended to be named Cabot, word arrived during construction that USS Lexington had been lost in the Battle of the Coral Sea …
Chart room on board USS Lexington as the ship maneuvers into enemy waters during a strike on the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, December 1943
Lexington departs Puget Sound in 1955 to undertake sea trials following her massive SCB-27/SCB-125 conversion
USS Lexington after her SCB-125 conversion as an attack carrier, 1958
USS Lexington anchored at Corpus Christi Bay, Texas as a floating museum.
Aircraft carrier [videos]
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without …
The Japanese carrier Shinano was the biggest carrier in World War II, and the largest ship destroyed by a submarine.
Wakamiya
The Royal Navy's HMS Ark Royal in 1939, with Swordfish biplane bombers passing overhead. The British aircraft carrier was involved in the crippling of the German battleship Bismarck in May 1941
An F6F-5 landing on the French Arromanches in the Tonkin Gulf, 1953.
5"/38 caliber gun [videos]
The Mark 12 5"/38 caliber gun was a United States naval gun. The gun was installed into Single Purpose and Dual Purpose mounts used primarily by the US Navy. On these 5" mounts, Single Purpose means that the mount is limited to 35° elevation with no provision for AA shell fuze setters, and is …
Mk 12 gun assembly
Drawing of the recoil and counter-recoil systems. The arrow shows the motion of the housing in the slide during recoil.
Rammer Tray with Powder Case and Projectile ready for ramming.
Image: Fletcher class destroyer detail
Bofors 40 mm gun [videos]
The Bofors 40 mm gun, often referred to simply as the Bofors gun, is an anti-aircraft autocannon designed in the 1930s by the Swedish arms manufacturer AB Bofors. It was one of the most popular medium-weight anti-aircraft systems during World War II, used by most of the western Allies as well some …
British Bofors 40 mm L/60 on Mk VII, Priddy's Hard, Gosport, United Kingdom.
Finnish Bofors 40 mm. This gun mounts the original reflector sights, and lacks the armor found on British examples.
British 40mm L/60 includes the British-designed Stiffkey Sight, being operated by the gun layer standing on the right. The layer operates the trapeze seen above the sights, moving them to adjust for lead. The loader stands to the layer's left, and the two trainer/aimers are sitting on either side of the gun.
Q.F. 40 mm Mk. 1 displayed at CFB Borden. This example mounts a Stiffkey Sight, and displays the additional armor protecting the gunners.
Oerlikon 20 mm cannon [videos]
The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons, based on an original German 20 mm Becker design that appeared very early in World War I. It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II, and many versions …
A modern Oerlikon cannon (Oerlikon 20mm/85 KAA) on a Royal Navy warship
Diagrams showing basic design and colour-coding of British HE/Incendiary, Tracer and HE/Incendiary/Tracer shells for the 20 mm Oerlikon gun
The aiming sight of the Oerlikon gun
Side view of the twin Oerlikon gun mount
Capital ship [videos]
The capital ships of a navy are its most important warships; they are generally the larger ships when compared to other warships in their respective fleet. A capital ship is generally a leading or a primary ship in a naval fleet.William S. Lind, in the book America Can Win, defines a …
Aircraft carriers form the main capital ships of most modern-era blue-water navies.
Ships of the line (of battle) were the capital ships of the era of sail. Shown the Spanish Santa Ana, a very large example with 112 guns.
An F/A-18C Hornet launching from the flight deck of a modern aircraft carrier
Image: Bundesarchiv DVM 10 Bild 23 61 09, Linienschiff "SMS Helgoland"
Washington Naval Treaty [videos]
The Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the Five-Power Treaty, the Four-Power Treaty, and the Nine-Power Treaty, was a treaty signed during 1922 among the major nations that had won World War I, which agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction. It was negotiated at the …
Signing of the Washington Naval Treaty.
Akagi (a former Japanese battlecruiser converted to an aircraft carrier) being relaunched during April 1925.
Hawkins lead ship for the Hawkins class cruisers alongside the quay, probably during Interwar period.
Japanese denunciation of the Washington Naval Treaty, 29 December 1934.
USS Essex (CV-9) [videos]
USS Essex was an aircraft carrier and the lead ship of the 24-ship Essex class built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was the fourth US Navy ship to bear the name. Commissioned in December 1942, Essex participated in several campaigns in the Pacific Theater of …
Essex after receiving the SCB-27A refit March 1951.
Essex flight deck fire, 16 September 1951
Essex after the SCB-125 modernization, 1956.
USS Essex (CVS-9) in drydock at Brooklyn Navy Yard being converted for the Anti-submarine role.
Flight deck [videos]
The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is the surface from which its aircraft take off and land, essentially a miniature airfield at sea. On smaller naval ships which do not have aviation as a primary mission, the landing area for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft is also referred to as the …
Cars parked on an aircraft carrier flight deck
Image: Stennis Rudder Swing 3
Image: HMS Argus (1917)
Image: US Navy 051020 N 9866B 008 Boatswain's Mate 2nd Class Eric Hagan, right, directs a contractor on a forklift during the resurfacing of the flight deck
USS Franklin (CV-13) [videos]
USS Franklin, nicknamed "Big Ben," was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during World War II for the United States Navy, and the fifth US Navy ship to bear the name. Commissioned in January 1944, she served in several campaigns in the Pacific War, earning four …
USS Franklin under way
The newly commissioned Franklin departing Norfolk in February 1944
Franklin at Bayonne in 1964.
Image: USS Franklin (CV 13) and USS Belleau Wood (CVL 24) afire 1944
USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) [videos]
USS Bunker Hill was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during World War II for the United States Navy. The ship was named for the Battle of Bunker Hill in the American Revolutionary War. Commissioned in May 1943 and sent to the Pacific Theater of Operations, the …
USS Bunker Hill under attack, 19 June 1944
After two kamikazes strikes in 30 seconds
Transfer of wounded from Bunker Hill to USS Wilkes Barre
Bunker Hill as a stationary electronics test platform, 1967
Vietnam War [videos]
The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was an undeclared war in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of …
The Geneva Conference, 1954
Ba Cut in Can Tho Military Court 1956, commander of religious movement the Hòa Hảo, which had fought against the Việt Minh, Vietnamese National Army and Cao Dai movement throughout the first war
U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles greet President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam in Washington, 8 May 1957
Viet Cong with automatic weapons use leafy camouflage as they patrol a portion of the Saigon River in small boats.
USS Hornet (CV-8) [videos]
USS Hornet, the seventh ship to carry the name Hornet, was a Yorktown-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. During World War II in the Pacific Theater, she launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and participated in the Battle of Midway and the Buin-Faisi-Tonolai Raid. In the …
Hornet cruising off Hampton Roads in October 1941
A B-25 takes off from Hornet
SBDs from Hornet at Midway
Hornet under attack during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands
USS Enterprise (CV-6) [videos]
USS Enterprise was the seventh U.S. Navy vessel to bear the name. Colloquially called "The Big E", she was the sixth aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. A Yorktown-class carrier, she was launched in 1936 and was one of only three American carriers commissioned before World War II to …
USS Enterprise (CV-6)
USS Enterprise in 1939.
A Japanese bomb explodes on the flight deck of Enterprise on 24 August 1942, during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, causing minor damage.
En route to attack Makin Island on 10 November 1943, this Grumman F6F Hellcat (VF-2) crash landed on Enterprises flight deck.
USS Saratoga (CV-3) [videos]
USS Saratoga was a Lexington-class aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy during the 1920s. Originally designed as a battlecruiser, she was converted into one of the Navy's first aircraft carriers during construction to comply with the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. The ship …
Saratoga on 8 March 1922, after her construction had been suspended. There are circular barbettes on blocks on her deck, which would have been used for the battlecruiser's main battery
Saratoga landing aircraft, 6 June 1935
Saratoga launching aircraft on 31 May 1934 during her Atlantic deployment
Saratoga operating off Guadalcanal
Battlecruiser [videos]
The battlecruiser, or battle cruiser, was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century. They were similar in displacement, armament and cost to battleships, but differed slightly in form and balance of attributes. Battlecruisers typically carried slightly thinner armour and a …
SMS Seydlitz
Kongō
Queen Mary blows up during the Battle of Jutland
Admiral Lazarev, formerly Frunze, the second ship of her class
Bethlehem Steel [videos]
The Bethlehem Steel Corporation was a steel and shipbuilding company that began operations in 1904 and was America's second-largest steel producer and largest shipbuilder. — The Bethlehem Steel roots trace back to 1857 with the establishment of the Bethlehem Iron …
Bethlehem Steel Works, a watercolor by Joseph Pennell, depicting Bethlehem Iron Company in May 1881
The Bethlehem Steel plant, photographed circa 1896 by William H. Rau
BETHCON HVAC ducting
Bethlehem Steel plant on Lake Erie in Buffalo, New York, 1973
USS Bennington (CV-20) [videos]
USS Bennington was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during World War II for the United States Navy. The ship was the second US Navy ship to bear the name, and was named for the Revolutionary War Battle of Bennington. Bennington was commissioned in August 1944 …
Bennington in her original configuration, 1944.
Bennington in 1954, following her SCB-27A conversion.
Modernized attack carrier USS Bennington (CVA-20), 1956–57.
A memorial to the victims of the explosion was erected at Fort Adams on May 26, 2004.
USS Boxer (CV-21) [videos]
USS Boxer was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers of the United States Navy, and the fifth ship to be named for HMS Boxer. She was launched on 14 December 1944 and christened by the daughter of a US Senator from Louisiana. — Commissioned too late to see any combat in World …
Boxer is launched, 14 December 1944.
Boxer in San Francisco after her return from the Korean War in November 1953.
Boxer loaded with 200 helicopters of the 1st Cavalry Division bound for the Vietnam War, 1965
Attack on Pearl Harbor [videos]
The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' formal …
Pearl Harbor on October 30, 1941, looking southwest
Route followed by the Japanese fleet to Pearl Harbor and back
An Imperial Japanese Navy Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter on the aircraft carrier Akagi
USS Arizona during the attack
USS Lexington (CV-2) [videos]
USS Lexington, nicknamed "Lady Lex", was an early aircraft carrier built for the United States Navy. She was the lead ship of the Lexington class; her only sister ship, Saratoga, was commissioned a month earlier. Originally designed as a battlecruiser, she was converted into one of the …
Lexington on the slipway, 1925
Lexington beginning the transit from her builder at Quincy to Boston Navy Yard in January 1928
Lexington firing her eight-inch guns, 1928
Lexington launching Martin T4M torpedo bombers in 1931
Battle of the Coral Sea [videos]
The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia, taking place in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. The battle is historically significant as the first action …
Japanese advances in the Southwest Pacific from December 1941 to April 1942
Shigeyoshi Inoue, commander of the Fourth Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy
Frank Jack Fletcher, commander of U.S. Task Force 17
Yorktown conducts aircraft operations in the Pacific sometime before the battle. A fleet oiler is in the near background.
USS Wasp (CV-7) [videos]
USS Wasp was a United States Navy aircraft carrier commissioned in 1940 and lost in action in 1942. She was the eighth ship named USS Wasp, and the sole ship of a class built to use up the remaining tonnage allowed to the U.S. for aircraft carriers under the treaties of the time. As a …
Wasp was the first carrier fitted with a deck-edge elevator.
F4Fs launching off Guadalcanal, 7 August 1942.
Image: USS Wasp (CV 7) entering Hampton Roads on 26 May 1942
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COURT SCIENCE CLASSROOM
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About Tomorrow's Stars Foundation
So far Tomorrow's Stars Foundation has created 15 blog entries.
Summer League Jr. NBA All Star Teams Compete in the Jr. NBA West Regional Tournament
Tomorrow's Stars Foundation2019-06-27T01:06:48+00:00
Our Summer League Jr. NBA program gathered its top boys and girls All-Stars from the 2019 Spring League to compete in the 2019 Jr. NBA Global Championship West Regional Tournament in Ladera Ranch, CA. In their 2nd year of appearing in the tournament, our teams played with heart and toughness as they took on some of the best Jr. NBA programs in the region. Coach Christina, Coach Taylor (2019 Spring League Champions) led the girls All-Star team while Coach Derrick and his staff took charge for the boys team. Players and [...]
Summer League Jr. NBA Crowns 2019 Spring League Champions
The Summer League Jr. NBA wraps up Friday Night Hoops 2019 Spring League and crowns new and also familiar champions at the Tarkanian Sports Academy. In the Girls division Coach Taylor and her #1 seeded Sparks become back-to-back Champions as they went on to defeat the #3 seeded Aces led by Coach Nitza. As for the boys, the #6 seeded Suns and Coach Daimar went on to take their first Championship Trophy over the #1 seeded Wizards led by Coach Tatum. The 2019 Spring League consisted of a total of [...]
Incredible Talent Showcased at NBA Summer League Anthem Idol Auditions
On April 28th, Tomorrow’s Stars Foundation held the 2019 Summer League Anthem Idol Auditions at the Jewel Box Theater in the Clark County Public Library. With 25 exciting auditions from kids ages 7-17, we are happy to announce & congratulate this year's winner Mark Ruber! Mark Ruber, a seven-year-old Las Vegas local, stunned our judges and will perform the National Anthem at the MGM Resorts NBA Summer League 2019 Opening Day in the Thomas & Mack Center. Judges also selected the following runner-ups from the audition: 1st Runner-Up – Renae Sullivan, Age [...]
Tomorrow’s Stars Launches Year 3 of Summer League Jr. NBA
Summer League Jr. NBA’s 2019 Spring League is fully underway! The 3rd year of Summer League Jr. NBA kicked off March 29th at the Tarkanian Basketball Academy in Las Vegas, NV. In The 6th, 7th & 8th grade boys and girls league will continue through early May. Spring League continued its operations in a similar structure as seasons past with league try-outs, team draft, weekly practice sessions and Friday night games. With 14 teams, 6 Girls & 8 Boys, and over 145 total players, the Summer League Jr. NBA program continues to [...]
The Tomorrow’s Stars Team Makes an Impact at Mountain West Basketball Conference Tournament
Over the course of March 10th-16th, the Tomorrow's Stars Foundation team attended the Mountain West Basketball Conference Tournament to kick-off the promotion of the MGM Resorts NBA Summer League 2019. The Mountain West Tournament, held at the Thomas & Mack Center, offered a great opportunity for us to excite the community for the upcoming NBA Summer League! The Tomorrow's Stars Foundation team was happy to set up a booth during the tournament offering sign-ups to win free NBA Summer League tickets and gear, support the launch of NBA Summer League and more. [...]
Tomorrow’s Stars Foundation Supports Fremont Middle School Basketball Tournament
On March 12th Fremont Middle School ( Tomorrow's Stars Foundation 2018-19 Adopt-a-School Recipient) boys basketball team participated in the Clark County Middle School North East Regional Basketball Tournament. For the first time in over 25 years, the Fremont boys basketball team won the tournament and would advance to play in the city-wide semi-finals. We would like to recognize all 5 starters on the basketball team who have previously played in our Summer League Jr. NBA League program. We are proud of the boys team and are happy that we were able to [...]
Tomorrow’s Stars Sponsors Two Teams at Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame Annual Bowling Tournament
On February 15th Tomorrow's Stars Foundation participated in the 3rd Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame Annual Bowling Tournament. Held at the Orleans Arena, the bowling tournament is set up to raise funds to provide scholarships for students in the local Las Vegas community. Tomorrow's Stars Foundation was honored to get involved in the event by sponsoring two teams for the tournament. The teams our foundation sponsored consisted of Summer League Jr. NBA coaches and local active military partners. We are thankful for those who were involved in the event and helped [...]
TSF Supports Operation Valentine: “Be My Veteran” Student Writing Project
Tomorrow's Stars Foundation has partnered with Veterans Village Las Vegas, Fremont Middle School and Roy Middle School to launch Operation Valentine: “Be My Veteran.” Operation Valentine is a student writing project in which students attending Fremont and Roy Middle Schools write Valentine’s notes of love and appreciation to veterans in the community on Military Appreciation postcards provided by the NBA Summer League. In addition, t-shirts were created and provided to The “Be My Veteran” Valentines was distributed to hundreds of Veterans living at Veterans Village Las Vegas.
TSF Hosts Vegas Strong Online Auction to Support Victims of One October Tragedy
Tomorrow's Stars Foundation hosted two successful online auctions during the Summer and Fall of 2018: the “Vegas Strong Online Auction” and the “Vegas Stronger Online Auction.” The Vegas Strong Online Auction was held July 6-17, 2018 during the MGM Resorts NBA Summer League in Las Vegas. The auction consisted of over 40 signed sports memorabilia from NBA Rookies, veterans, coaches, and sports professionals with 100% of funds raised to be donated to “Helping Hands Scholarship Fund” for the children of the 58 Victims of the One October tragedy. In result, Tomorrow's Stars [...]
TSF hosts Winter Community Basketball Camp
Tomorrow's Stars Foundation held a free half-day Winter Community Basketball Camp at Fremont Middle School, our 2018-2019 Adopt-A-School recipient. Hosted by volunteer Summer League Jr. NBA coaches, the camp consisted of 45 boys and girls from grades 6th through 8th. Students who attended the camp spent time learning new skills and participating in different drills and scrimmages. Tomorrow's Stars Foundation was happy to provide full lunch and snacks to everyone. All kids who attended the camp were supplied with t-shirts and string bags while volunteer coaches were provided with NBA Summer League [...]
Copyright 2019 Tomorrow's Stars Foundation | Tomorrow's Stars Foundation is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) public charity (tax ID# 13-1685039) | All Rights Reserved |
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Bajirao Mastani
The heroic Peshwa Bajirao, married to Kashibai, falls in love with Mastani, a warrior princess in distress. They struggle to make their love triumph amid opposition from his conservative family.
Genre: History, Romance, War
Julia journeys to the Indo-Burma border to perform for the troops during World War II, on the insistence of Billimoria, her lover. There, she finds herself enamoured by Jemadar Malik,…
Two warriors (Jakob Oftebro, Kristofer Hivju) must protect the last remaining heir to the throne as civil war ravages 13th-century Norway.
Country: Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, History
Kalank
Long-buried secrets come to light when romance blossoms between a young daredevil and a beautiful woman in 1945 India.
Genre: Drama, History, Romance
The Accidental Prime Minister
The Accidental Prime Minister is a 2019 Indian biographical drama film directed by Vijay Ratnakar Gutte and written by Mayank Tewari, based on the 2014 memoir of the same name…
KESARI is based on the true story of one of the bravest battles that India ever fought – the Battle of Saragarhi. The year is 1897 and the British Empire…
Ranjit Katiyal, an Indian businessman, leads a happy and successful life in Kuwait with his family. However, when Iraq invades Kuwait, he decides to risk his life to save his…
Manikarnika
The life of Rani Lakshmibai, one of the key leaders in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Post-independence, Tapan Das, manager of the Indian hockey team faces several obstacles as he prepares his team for the upcoming Olympics in the hope of winning a Gold medal for…
Rang De Basanti
When Sue selects a few students to portray various Indian freedom fighters in her film, she unwittingly awakens their patriotism. The emotional and mental process turns them into rebels for…
Genre: Comedy, Drama, History
Guptodhoner Sondhane
Subarna Sen, an Oxford University professor, travels to India after the death of his maternal uncle. He learns that his uncle’s palace has a hidden treasure and decides to find…
Genre: Adventure, History, Mystery, Thriller
Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran
IAS officer Ashwat is tasked to lead an operation to develop and test nuclear weapons but must ensure that American intelligence agencies do not learn about it.
Jodhaa Akbar
Jodhaa is a fiery Rajput princess who is obliged to marry Mughal Emperor Akbar for political reasons. Eventually, mutual respect and admiration between the duo leads to true love.
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, History, Music, Romance
Milo, a slave-turned-gladiator, is in love with Cassia. When Cassia’s father gets her engaged to a corrupt Roman Senator, Milo finds himself in a race against time to save her.
Country: Canada, Germany, USA
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, History, Romance
Abraham Lincoln uses his powers as the president of the United States of America as he strives to abolish slavery and reunite his country during the Civil War.
Country: India, USA
Publisher Katharine and her editor-in-chief Ben put their careers and freedom at risk to uncover a scandalous decades-long secret about the Vietnam War.
Ron, a rodeo cowboy diagnosed with AIDS, discovers a banned drug that can help patients survive longer. To get around the system, he forms a club to smuggle the medicine…
When two men offer Solomon Northup a fortnightly job as a musician in the US, he gladly takes it up. But on reaching his destination, the two men drug him…
British mathematician Alan Turing joins the cryptography team to help decrypt the Enigma code, but builds his own machine that is a prototype of the modern computer to decipher German…
Genre: Drama, History, Thriller, War
During the Normandy invasion of World War II, Captain John Miller is assigned the task of searching for Private James Ryan, whose three brothers have already been killed in the…
Les Misérables is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. In the English-speaking world,…
Country: France, UK, USA
The true story of Pfc. Desmond T. Doss (Andrew Garfield), who won the Congressional Medal of Honor despite refusing to bear arms during WWII on religious grounds. Doss was drafted…
13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi Hindi
A team of six members of a security team fight to defend an American diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya, against a wave of terrorist attacks.
Country: Malta, Morocco, USA
Genre: Action, Drama, History, Thriller, War
Eddie the Eagle Hindi
Michael Edwards, known as “Eddie the Eagle”, is an English skier who in 1988 became the first competitor since 1928 to represent Great Britain in Olympic ski jumping, finishing last…
Country: Germany, UK, USA
Genre: Adventure, Comedy, Drama, History
Saadat Hasan Manto was a Pakistani writer, playwright and author born in Ludhiana, British India. Writing mainly in Urdu language, he produced 22 collections of short stories, a novel, five…
In the early 18th century, England is at war with the French. Nevertheless, duck racing and pineapple eating are thriving. A frail Queen Anne occupies the throne, and her close…
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Circulating pancreatic polypeptide concentrations predict visceral and liver fat content
Sam Amir, H., Sleeth Michelle, L., Thomas, E.L., Daud Norlida, M., Chambers Edward, Shojaee-Moradie Fariba, Umpleby, A.M., le Roux, C.W., Bech Paul, Busbridge Mark, Laurie Rosemary Cuthbertson Daniel, J., Buckley Adam Ghatei Mohammad, A., Bloom, S.R., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Murphy, K.G., Ismail Nurhafzan, Shoajee-Moradie Fariba, Goldstone, A.P., Cuthbertson, D.J. and Ghatei, M.A. 2015. Circulating pancreatic polypeptide concentrations predict visceral and liver fat content. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 100 (3), pp. 1048-1052. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3450
Sam Amir, H., Sleeth Michelle, L., Thomas, E.L., Daud Norlida, M., Chambers Edward, Shojaee-Moradie Fariba, Umpleby, A.M., le Roux, C.W., Bech Paul, Busbridge Mark, Laurie Rosemary Cuthbertson Daniel, J., Buckley Adam Ghatei Mohammad, A., Bloom, S.R., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Murphy, K.G., Ismail Nurhafzan, Shoajee-Moradie Fariba, Goldstone, A.P., Cuthbertson, D.J. and Ghatei, M.A.
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: No current biomarker can reliably predict visceral and liver fat content, both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vagal tone has been suggested to influence regional fat deposition. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is secreted from the endocrine pancreas under vagal control. We investigated the utility of PP in predicting visceral and liver fat.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fasting plasma PP concentrations were measured in 104 overweight and obese subjects (46 men and 58 women). In the same subjects, total and regional adipose tissue, including total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and total subcutaneous adipose tissue (TSAT), were measured using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Intrahepatocellular lipid content (IHCL) was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
RESULTS: Fasting plasma PP concentrations positively and significantly correlated with both VAT (r = 0.57, P < .001) and IHCL (r = 0.51, P < .001), but not with TSAT (r = 0.02, P = .88). Fasting PP concentrations independently predicted VAT after controlling for age and sex. Fasting PP concentrations independently predicted IHCL after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, homeostatic model assessment 2-insulin resistance, (HOMA2-IR) and serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Fasting PP concentrations were associated with serum ALT, TG, TC, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure (P < .05). These associations were mediated by IHCL and/or VAT. Fasting PP and HOMA2-IR were independently significantly associated with hepatic steatosis (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic polypeptide is a novel predictor of visceral and liver fat content, and thus a potential biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification and targeted treatment of patients with ectopic fat deposition.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
100 (3), pp. 1048-1052
Thomas_etal_JCEM_2015.pdf
doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3450
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3450
Genome wide association study of MRI liver iron content confirms pathogenic role of hepcidin regulation
Wilman, H.R., Parisinos, C.A., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Kelly, M., Thomas, E.L., Neubauer, S., Mahajan, A., Hingorani, A.D., Patel, R.S., Hemingway, H., Franks, P.W., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R. and Yaghootkar, H. 2019. Genome wide association study of MRI liver iron content confirms pathogenic role of hepcidin regulation. Journal of Hepatology. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.032
Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: descriptive characteristics of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium
Koivula, R.W., Forgie, I.M., Kurbasic, A., Viñuela, A., Heggie, A., Giordano, G.N., Hansen, T.H., Hudson, M., Koopman, A.D., Rutters, F., Siloaho, M., Allin, K.H., Brage, S., Brorsson, C.A., Dawed, A.Y., De Masi, F., Groves, C.J., Kokkola, T., Mahajan, A., Perry, M.H., Rauh, S.P., Ridderstråle, M., Teare, H.J.A., Thomas, E.L., Tura, A., Vestergaard, H., White, T., Adamski, J., Bell, J.D., Beulens, J., Brunak, S., Dermitzakis, E.T., Froguel, P., Frost, G., Gupta, R., Hansen, T., Hattersley, A., Jablonka, B., Kaye, J., Laakso, M., McDonald, T.J., Pedersen, O., Schwenk, J.M., Pavo, I., Mari, A., McCarthy, M.I., Ruetten, H., Walker, M., Pearson, E. and Franks, P.W. 2019. Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: descriptive characteristics of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium. Diabetologia. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4906-1
Intraperitoneal delivery of acetate-encapsulated liposomal nanoparticles for neuroprotection of the penumbra in a rat model of ischemic stroke
So, P.W., Ekonomou, A., Galley, K., Brody, Leigh, Sahuri-Arisoylu, M., Rattray, I., Cash, D. and Bell, J.D. 2019. Intraperitoneal delivery of acetate-encapsulated liposomal nanoparticles for neuroprotection of the penumbra in a rat model of ischemic stroke. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2019 (14), p. 1979–1991. doi:10.2147/IJN.S193965
Cannabidiol Affects Extracellular Vesicle Release, miR21 and miR126, and Reduces Prohibitin Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells
Kosgodage, U., Uysal Onganer, P., Maclatchy, A., Mould, R., Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Kraev, I., Chatterton, N.P., Thomas, E.L., Inal, J.M., Bell, J.D. and Lange, S. 2019. Cannabidiol Affects Extracellular Vesicle Release, miR21 and miR126, and Reduces Prohibitin Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Translational Oncology. 12 (3), pp. 513-522. doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2018.12.004
Genome-wide and abdominal MRI-imaging data provides evidence that a genetically determined favourable adiposity phenotype is characterized by lower ectopic liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and hypertension
Ji, Y., Yiorkas, A.M., Frau, F., Mook-Kanamori, D., Staiger, H., Thomas, E.L., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Campbell, A., Tyrrell, J., Jones, S.E., Beaumont, R.N., Wood, A.R., Tuke, M.A., Ruth, K.S., Mahajan, A., Murray, A., Freathy, R.M., Weedon, M.N., Hattersley, A.T., Hayward, C., Machann, J., Häring, H.U., Franks, P.W., de Mutsert, R., Pearson, E., Stefan, N., Frayling, T.M., Allebrandt, K.V., Bell, J.D., Blakemore, A.I. and Yaghootkar, H. 2019. Genome-wide and abdominal MRI-imaging data provides evidence that a genetically determined favourable adiposity phenotype is characterized by lower ectopic liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Diabetes. 68 (1), pp. 207-219. doi:10.2337/db18-0708
The effects of dietary supplementation with inulin and inulin-propionate ester on hepatic steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Chambers, E.S., Byrne, C.S., Rugyendo, A., Morrison, D.J., Preston, T., Tedford, M.C., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Akbar, A.N., Riddell, N.E., Sharma, R., Thursz, M.R., Manousou, P. and Frost, G. 2019. The effects of dietary supplementation with inulin and inulin-propionate ester on hepatic steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 21 (2), pp. 372-376. doi:10.1111/dom.13500
Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver disease-a UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases
Mojtahed, A., Kelly, C.J., Herlihy, A.H., Kin, S., Wilman, H.R., McKay, A., Kelly, M., Milanesi, M., Neubauer, S,, Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R. and Harisinghani, M. 2019. Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver disease-a UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases. Abdominal Radiology. 44 (1), pp. 72-84. doi:10.1007/s00261-018-1701-2
Measurement of liver iron by magnetic resonance imaging in the UK Biobank population
McKay, A., Wilman, H., Dennis, A., Kelly, M., Gyngell, M.L., Neubauer, S., Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R. and Thomas, E.L. 2018. Measurement of liver iron by magnetic resonance imaging in the UK Biobank population. PLoS ONE. 13 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209340
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: relationship with cardiovascular risk markers and clinical endpoints
Buckley, A., Thomas, E.L., Lessan, N., Trovato, F.M., Trovato, G.M. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2018. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: relationship with cardiovascular risk markers and clinical endpoints. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 144, pp. 144-152. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.011
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer
Kosgodage, U., Mould, R., Henley, A., Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Thomas, E.L., Inal, J.M., Bell, J.D. and Lange, S. 2018. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 9, p. 889. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00889
Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss–mediated metabolic improvements
Fiamoncini, J., Rundle, M., Gibbons, H., Thomas, E.L., Geillinger-Kästle, K., Bunzel, D., Trezzi, J.P., Kiselova-Kaneva, J., Wopereis, S., Wahrheit, J., Kulling, S.E., Hiller, K., Sonntag, D., Ivanova, D., van Ommen, B, Frost, G., Brennan, L., Bell, J.D. and Daniel, H. 2018. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss–mediated metabolic improvements. FASEB Journal. 32 (10), p. 5447–5458. doi:10.1096/fj.201800330R
Body Composition Profiling in the UK Biobank Imaging Study
Linge, J., Borger Magnus, West, J., Tuthill, T., Miller, M.R., Dumitriu, A., Thomas, E.L., Romu, T., Tunón, P., Bell, J.D. and Leinhard, O.D. 2018. Body Composition Profiling in the UK Biobank Imaging Study. Obesity. 26 (11), pp. 1785-1795. doi:10.1002/oby.22210
Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling
Borga, M., West, J., Bell, J.D., Harvey, N.C., Romu, T., Heymsfield, S.B. and Leinhard, O.D. 2018. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. Journal of Investigative Medicine. 66 (5), pp. 887-895. doi:10.1136/jim-2018-000722
Rifaximin in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Cobbold, J.F.L., Atkinson, S., Marchesi, J.R., Smith, A., Wai, S.N., Stove, J., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Jackson, N.C., Umpleby, A.M., Fitzpatrick, J., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Holmes, E., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Goldin, R.D., Yee, M.S., Anstee, Q.M. and Thursz, M.R. 2018. Rifaximin in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Hepatology Research. 48 (1), pp. 69-77. doi:10.1111/hepr.12904
Impact of liver fat on the differential partitioning of hepatic triacylglycerol into VLDL subclasses on high and low sugar diets
Umpleby, A.M., Shoajee-Moradie, F., Fielding, F., Li, X., Marino, A., Alsini, N, Isherwood, C, Jackson, N.C., Ahmad, A., Stolinski, M., Lovegrove, J.A., Johnsen, S., Mendis, A., Wright, J., Wilinska, M.E., Hovorka, R., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S. and Griffin, B.A. 2017. Impact of liver fat on the differential partitioning of hepatic triacylglycerol into VLDL subclasses on high and low sugar diets. Clinical Science. 131 (21), pp. 2561-2573. doi:10.1042/CS20171208
The Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Muscle-Inflammation after Muscle-Damaging Exercise
Kyriakidou, Y., Kantorovich, R.C., Bell, J.D., Monterisi, S. and Dolci, A. 2017. The Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation to Reduce Muscle-Inflammation after Muscle-Damaging Exercise. ACSM Annual Meeting, World Congress on Exercise is Medicine & World Congress on the Basic Science of Exercise and the Brain. Denver, Colorado 30 May - 03 Jun 2017 American College of Sports Medicine. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000518523.15295.1c
Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles mediate functional delivery of acetate to tumor cells in vivo leading to significant anticancer effects
Brody, L.P., Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Parkinson, J.R., Parkes, H.G., So, P-W, Hajji, N, Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2017. Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles mediate functional delivery of acetate to tumor cells in vivo leading to significant anticancer effects. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 12, pp. 6677-6685. doi:10.2147/IJN.S135968
The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2017. The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective? International Journal of Neurorehabilitation. 4 (3), p. 272. doi:10.4172/2376-0281.1000272
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight
Hameed, S., Patterson, M., Dhillo, W.S., Rahman, S.A., Ma, Y., Holton, C., Gogakos, A., Yeo, G.S.H., Lam, B.Y.H., Polex-Wolf, J., Fenske, W., Bell, J.D., Anastasovska, J., Samarut, J., Bloom, S.R., Bassett, J.H.D., Williams, G.R. and Gardiner, J.V. 2017. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight. Cell Reports. 19 (11), pp. 2202-2219. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.066
A Framework for Morphological Feature Extraction of Organs from MR Images for Detection and Classification of Abnormalities
Villarini, B., Asaturyan, H., Thomas, E.L., Mould, R. and Bell, J.D. 2017. A Framework for Morphological Feature Extraction of Organs from MR Images for Detection and Classification of Abnormalities. Proceedings of the 30th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS’17). Thessaloniki, Greece 22 - 24 Jun 2017 IEEE . doi:10.1109/CBMS.2017.49
Psoas major cross-sectional area: A potential marker of cardiorespiratory fitness
Fitzpatrick, J., Chambers, E.S., Parkinson, J.R.C., Frost, G., Bell, J.D. and Thomas, E.L. 2017. Psoas major cross-sectional area: A potential marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology. 4 (1), pp. 15-20. doi:10.4103/ijcep.ijcep_6_17
Metabolic dysfunction following weight cycling in male mice
Schofield, S.E., Parkinson, J., Henley, A., Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Sanchez-Canon, G.J. and Bell, J.D. 2017. Metabolic dysfunction following weight cycling in male mice. International Journal of Obesity. 41 (3), pp. 402-411. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.193
Characterisation of liver fat in the UK Biobank cohort
Wilman, H., Kelly, M., Garratt, S., Matthews, P., Milanesi, M., Herlihy, A.H., Gyngell, M, Neubauer, S, Bell, J.D., Banerjee, R and Thomas, E.L. 2017. Characterisation of liver fat in the UK Biobank cohort. PLoS ONE. 12 (2), p. e0172921. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172921
Withania somnifera Root Extract Enhances Chemotherapy through ‘Priming’
Henley, A., Yang L., Chuang K-L., Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Wu, L-H., Bligh, S.W.A. and Bell, J.D. 2017. Withania somnifera Root Extract Enhances Chemotherapy through ‘Priming’. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170917
Effect of energy restriction and physical exercise intervention on phenotypic flexibility as examined by transcriptomics analyses of mRNA from adipose tissue and whole body magnetic resonance imaging
Lee, S., Norheim, F., Langleite, T.M., Noreng, H.J., Storås, T.H., Afman, L.A., Frost, G., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Kolnes, K.J., Tangen, D.S., Stadheim, H.K., Gilfillan, G.D., Gulseth, H.L., Birkeland, K.I., Jensen, J., Drevon, C.A. and Holen, T. 2016. Effect of energy restriction and physical exercise intervention on phenotypic flexibility as examined by transcriptomics analyses of mRNA from adipose tissue and whole body magnetic resonance imaging. Physiological Reports. 4 (21), p. e13019. doi:10.14814/phy2.13019
Feasibility of MR-Based Body Composition Analysis in Large Scale Population Studies
West, J., Leinhard, O.D., Romu, T., Collins, R., Garratt, S., Bell, J.D., Borga, M. and Thomas, E.L. 2016. Feasibility of MR-Based Body Composition Analysis in Large Scale Population Studies. PLoS ONE. 11 (9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163332
The Quantum Mitochondrion and Optimal Health
Bell, J.D., Nunn, A.V.W. and Guy, G.W. 2016. The Quantum Mitochondrion and Optimal Health. Biochemical Society Transactions. 44 (4), pp. 1101-1110. doi:10.1042/BST20160096
Link between increased gut hormones signaling satiety and reduced food reward following gastric bypass surgery for obesity
Goldstone, A.P., Miras, A.D., Scholtz, S., Jackson, S., Neff, K.J., Pénicaud, L., Geoghegan, J., Chhina, N., Durighel, G., Bell, J.D., Meillon, S. and le Roux, C.W. 2016. Link between increased gut hormones signaling satiety and reduced food reward following gastric bypass surgery for obesity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 101 (2), pp. 599-609. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2665
Synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA- damaging agents is mediated by histone deacetylase 2 in colorectal cancer
Alzoubi, S., Brody, L., Rahman, S., Mahul-Mellier, A.L., Mercado, N., Ito, K., El-Bahrawy, M., Silver, A., Boobis, A., Bell, J.D. and Hajji, N. 2016. Synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA- damaging agents is mediated by histone deacetylase 2 in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget . 7 (28), pp. 44505-44521. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9887
Exercise Training Reduces Liver Fat and Increases Rates of VLDL Clearance, but not VLDL Production in NAFLD
Shojaee-Moradie, F., Cuthbertson, D.J., Barrett, M., Jackson, N.C., Herring, R, Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Kemp, G.J., Wright, J. and Umpleby, A.M. 2016. Exercise Training Reduces Liver Fat and Increases Rates of VLDL Clearance, but not VLDL Production in NAFLD. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 101 (11), pp. 4219-4228. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2353
Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study
Jadoon, K.A., Ratcliffe, S.H., Barrett, D.A., Thomas, E.L., Stott, C., Bell, J.D., O’Sullivan S.E. and Tan, G.D. 2016. Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study. Diabetes Care. 39 (10), pp. 1777-1786. doi:10.2337/dc16-0650
Characterization of hepcidin response to holotransferrin in novel recombinant TfR1 HepG2 cells
Mehta, K., Busbridge, Mark, Renshaw, D., Evans, R.W., Farnaud, S. and Patel, V. 2016. Characterization of hepcidin response to holotransferrin in novel recombinant TfR1 HepG2 cells. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. 61, pp. 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.06.008
Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition
Uthaya, S.N., Liu, X., Babalis, D., Doré, C.J., Caroline, J., Warwick, J., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Ashby, D., Durighel, G., Ederies, A., Yanez-Lopez, M. and Modi, N. 2016. Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 106 (3), pp. 1443-1452. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.125138
Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates (NEON) trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition: a randomised double-blind controlled trial
Uthaya, S.N., Liu, X., Babalis, D., Doré, C.J., Warwick, J., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Ashby, D., Durighel, G., Ederies, A., Yanez-Lopez, M. and Modi, N. 2016. Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates (NEON) trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition: a randomised double-blind controlled trial. Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation. 3 (2). doi:10.3310/eme03020
Reprogramming of hepatic fat accumulation and 'browning' of adipose tissue by the short-chain fatty acid acetate
Sahuri Arisoylu, M., Brody, L., Parkinson, J., Parkes, H.G., Navaratnam, N., Miller, A.D., Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2016. Reprogramming of hepatic fat accumulation and 'browning' of adipose tissue by the short-chain fatty acid acetate. International Journal of Obesity. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.23
Liver fat in adults with GH deficiency: comparison to matched controls and the effect of GH replacement
Meienberg, F., Yee, M., Johnston, D.G., Cox, J., Robinson, S., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Godsland, I.F. 2016. Liver fat in adults with GH deficiency: comparison to matched controls and the effect of GH replacement. Clinical Endocrinology. 85 (1), pp. 76-84. doi:10.1111/cen.13042
Characterisation of hepcidin response to holotransferrin treatment in CHO TRVb-1 cells
Mehta, K., Greenwell, P., Renshaw, D., Busbridge, Mark, Garcia, M, Farnaud, S. and Patel, V. B. 2015. Characterisation of hepcidin response to holotransferrin treatment in CHO TRVb-1 cells. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. 55 (2), pp. 110-118. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.05.002
Body fat MRS
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2015. Body fat MRS. eMagRes. 4 (3), pp. 663-672. doi:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1478
A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes.
Guess, N.D., Dornhorst, A., Oliver, N., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L. and Frost, G.S. 2015. A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with prediabetes. Nutrition & Metabolism. 12 (36). doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0033-2
Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale human studies
Borga, M., Thomas, E.L., Romu, T., Rosander, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Leinhard, O.D., Bell, J.D. and Borger Magnus 2015. Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale human studies. NMR in Biomedicine. 28 (12), pp. 1747-1753. doi:10.1002/nbm.3432
Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homeostasis in obese patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Cuthbertson, D.J., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Sprung, V.S., Jones, H., Pugh, C.J., Richardson, P., Kemp, G.J., Barrett, M., Jackson, N.C., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Umpleby, A.M. 2015. Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homeostasis in obese patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clinical Science. 130 (2), pp. 93-104. doi:10.1042/CS20150447
Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults.
Chambers, E.S., Viardot, A., Psichas, A., Morrison, D.J., Murphy, K.G., Zac-Varghese, S.E., MacDougall, K., Preston, T., Tedford, C., Finlayson, G.S., Blundell, J.E., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Mt-Isa, S., Ashby, D., Gibson, G.R., Kolida, S., Dhillo, W.S., Bloom, S.R., Morley, W., Clegg, S., Frost, G.S. and Sagen E K Zac-Varghese 2015. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. Gut. 64 (11), pp. 1744-54. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307913
Sexual dimorphism in relation to adipose tissue and intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in early infancy
Gale, C., Jeffries, Suzan, Santhakumaran, S., Uthaya, S.N., Durighel, G., Alavi, Afshin, Modi, N., Thomas, E.L., Logan, Karen M., Parkinson, J.R.C. and Bell, J.D. 2015. Sexual dimorphism in relation to adipose tissue and intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in early infancy. International Journal of Obesity. 39 (4), pp. 629-32. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.4
Preterm nutritional intake and MRI phenotype at term age: a prospective observational study
Vasu, V., Durighel, G., Malamateniou, C., Rutherford, M.A., Modi, N., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2014. Preterm nutritional intake and MRI phenotype at term age: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open. 4 (5). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005390
Body Fat: our own Janus
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2014. Body Fat: our own Janus. Physiology News. 96, pp. 24-27.
Multimetallic complexes and functionalized gold nanoparticles based on a combination of d- and f-elements
Sung, S., Holmes, H., Wainwright, L., Toscani, A., Stasiuk, G.J., White, A.J.P., Bell, J.D. and Wilton-Ely, J.D.E.T. 2014. Multimetallic complexes and functionalized gold nanoparticles based on a combination of d- and f-elements. Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (4), pp. 1989-2005. doi:10.1021/ic401936w
The association between objectively measured sitting and standing with body composition: a pilot study using magnetic resonance imaging
Smith, L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Hamer, M. 2014. The association between objectively measured sitting and standing with body composition: a pilot study using magnetic resonance imaging. BMJ Open. 4 (6), p. e005476. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005476
The intelligence paradox; will ET get the metabolic syndrome? Lessons from and for Earth
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2014. The intelligence paradox; will ET get the metabolic syndrome? Lessons from and for Earth. Nutrition and Metabolism. 11, p. 34. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-11-34
External validation of the fatty liver index and lipid accumulation product indices, using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to identify hepatic steatosis in healthy controls and obese, insulin-resistant individuals
Cuthbertson, D.J., Weickert, M.O., Lythgoe, D., Sprung, V.S., Dobson, R., Shoajee-Moradie Fariba, Umpleby, A.M., Pfeiffer, A.F.H., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Jones, H. and Kemp, G.J. 2014. External validation of the fatty liver index and lipid accumulation product indices, using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to identify hepatic steatosis in healthy controls and obese, insulin-resistant individuals. European Journal of Endocrinology. 171 (5), pp. 561-569. doi:10.1530/EJE-14-0112
Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes
Bodinham, C.L., Smith, L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Swann Jonathan, Costabile, A., Russell-Jones, D., Umpleby, A.M. and Robertson, M.D. 2014. Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes. Endocrine Connections. 3 (2), pp. 75-84. doi:10.1530/EC-14-0036
The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism
Frost, G.S., Sahuri-Arisoylu Meliz, Lizarbe Blanca, Cerdan Sebastian, Brody Leigh, Anastasovska, J., Ghourab Samar, Hankir, M., Zhang Shuai, Carling David Swann Jonathan, R., Gibson, G.R., Viardot, A., Morrison Douglas Thomas E Louise, Bell, J.D., Sleeth Michelle, L., Swann Jonathan and Thomas, E.L. 2014. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nature Communications. 5. doi:10.1038/ncomms4611
Adiposity and hepatic lipid in healthy full-term, breastfed, and formula-fed human infants: a prospective short-term longitudinal cohort study
Gale, C., Thomas, E.L., Jeffries, Suzan, Durighel, G., Logan, Karen M., Parkinson, J.R.C., Uthaya, S.N., Santhakumaran, S., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2014. Adiposity and hepatic lipid in healthy full-term, breastfed, and formula-fed human infants: a prospective short-term longitudinal cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 99 (5), pp. 1034-1040. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.080200
Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding
Scholtz, S., Miras, A.D., Chhina, N., Prechtl, C.G., Sleeth Michelle, L., Daud Norlida, M., Ismail Nurhafzan, Durighel, G., Ahmed, A.R., Olbers, T., Vincent, R.P., Alaghband-Zadeh, J., Ghatei, M.A., Waldman, A.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., le Roux, C.W. and Goldstone, A.P. 2014. Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding. Gut. 63 (6), pp. 891-902. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305008
Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: rationale and design of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium
Koivula, R.W., Heggie, A., Barnett, A., Cederberg, H., Hansen, T.H., Koopman, A.D., Ridderstråle, M., Rutters, F., Vestergaard, H., Gupta, R., Herrgård, S., Heymans, M.W., Perry, M.H., Rauh, S., Siloaho, M., Teare, H.J.A., Thorand, B., Bell, J.D., Brunak, S., Frost, G.S., Jablonka, B., Mari, A., McDonald, T.J., Dekker, J.M., Hansen, T., Hattersley, A., Laakso, M., Pedersen, O., Koivisto, V., Ruetten, H., Walker, M., Pearson, E. and Franks, P.W. 2014. Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: rationale and design of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium. Diabetologia. 57 (6), pp. 1132-1142. doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3216-x
Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food
Goldstone, A.P., Prechtl, C.G., Scholtz, S., Miras, A.D., Chhina, N., Durighel, G., Deliran, S.S., Beckmann, C., Ghatei, M.A., Ashby, D.R., Waldman, A.D., Gaylinn, B.D., Thorner, M.O., Frost, G.S., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2014. Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 99 (6), pp. 1319-1330. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.075291
The impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity
Daud Norlida, M., Ismail Nurhafzan, Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Swann Jonathan, Costabile, A., Pedersen, C., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Childs, C.E. and Goldstone, A.P. 2014. The impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 22 (6), pp. 1430-1438. doi:10.1002/oby.20754
A history of previous gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse changes in insulin secretion and VLDL metabolism independently of increased intrahepatocellular lipid
Forbes, S., Godsland, I.F., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Patel, N., Hamilton, G., Parker, K.H., Marshall, I., Gray, C.D., Bedford, D.C., Caslake, M., Walker, B.R. and Johnston, D.G. 2013. A history of previous gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse changes in insulin secretion and VLDL metabolism independently of increased intrahepatocellular lipid. Diabetologia. 56 (9), pp. 2021-2033. doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2956-3
Whole body fat: content and distribution
Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Malik, S.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2013. Whole body fat: content and distribution. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 73, pp. 56-80. doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.04.001
Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge, M., Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. Fifth Congress of the International BioIron Society (IBIS), Biennial World Meeting. University College London 14 - 18 Apr 2013 Wiley. doi:10.1002/ajh.23453
Early nutritional determinants of intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in preterm infants at term age
Vasu, V., Thomas, E.L., Durighel, G., Hyde, M.J., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2013. Early nutritional determinants of intrahepatocellular lipid deposition in preterm infants at term age. International Journal of Obesity. 37 (4), pp. 500-504. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.213
Metabolic syndrome, overweight and fatty liver
Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2013. Metabolic syndrome, overweight and fatty liver. in: Berdanier, C.D., Dwyer, J.T. and Heber, D. (ed.) Handbook of nutrition and food, 3rd edition Boca Raton CRC Press. pp. 763-768
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M.G., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2013. Hepcidin transcription and peptide secretion are governed by different regulatory mechanisms. American Journal of Hematology. 88, p. E55.
Mutations in the GABRB1 gene promote alcohol consumption through increased tonic inhibition
Anstee, Q.M., Knapp, S., Maguire, E.P., Hosie, A.M., Thomas, P., Mortensen, M., Bhome, R., Martinez, A., Walker, S.E., Dixon, C.I., Ruparelia, K., Montagnese, S., Kuo, Y.T., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Robinson, I., Guerrini, I., McQuillin, A., Fisher, E.M.C., Ungless, M.A., Gurling, H.M.D., Morgan, M.Y., Brown, S.D.M., Stephens, D.N., Belelli, D., Lambert, J.J., Smart, T.G. and Thomas, H.C. 2013. Mutations in the GABRB1 gene promote alcohol consumption through increased tonic inhibition. Nature Communications. 4, p. 2816. doi:10.1038/ncomms3816
Endocannabinoids in neuroendopsychology: multiphasic control of mitochondrial function
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Endocannabinoids in neuroendopsychology: multiphasic control of mitochondrial function. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 367 (1607), pp. 3342-3352. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0393
Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots
Katzmarzyk, P.T., Shen, W., Baxter-Jones, A., Bell, J.D., Butte, N.F., Demerath, E.W., Gilsanz, V., Goran, M.I., Hirschler, V., Hu, H.H., Maffeis, C., Malina, R.M., Müller, M.J., Pietrobelli, A. and Wells, J.C.K. 2012. Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots. Pediatric Obesity. 7 (5), pp. e42-e61. doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00073.x
Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism is characterized by an increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared to nonhyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes and healthy controls, independent of obesity and insulin resistance
Jones, H., Sprung, V.S., Pugh, C.J.A., Daousi, C., Irwin, A., Aziz, N., Adams, V.L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Kemp, G.J. and Cuthbertson, D.J. 2012. Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism is characterized by an increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared to nonhyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes and healthy controls, independent of obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (10), pp. 3709-3716. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1382
Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 13 supplementation on the progression of obesity in diet-induced obese mice
Arora, T., Anastasovska, J., Gibson, G.R., Tuohy, K., Kumar Sharma, R., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2012. Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 13 supplementation on the progression of obesity in diet-induced obese mice. British Journal of Nutrition. 108 (8), pp. 1382-1389. doi:10.1017/S0007114511006957
Fatty acid flux and oxidation are increased by rimonabant in obese women
Backhouse, K., Sarac, I., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Stolinski, M., Robertson, M.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Wright, J., Russell-Jones, D. and Umpleby, A.M. 2012. Fatty acid flux and oxidation are increased by rimonabant in obese women. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 61 (9), pp. 1220-1223. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.02.012
Gender differences in VLDL1 and VLDL2 triglyceride kinetics and fatty acid kinetics in obese postmenopausal women and obese men
Sarac, I., Backhouse, K., Shojaee-Moradie, F., Stolinski, M., Robertson, M.D., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Hovorka, R., Wright, J. and Umpleby, A.M. 2012. Gender differences in VLDL1 and VLDL2 triglyceride kinetics and fatty acid kinetics in obese postmenopausal women and obese men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (7), pp. 2475-2481. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3248
Excess body fat in obese and normal weight subjects
Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Excess body fat in obese and normal weight subjects. Nutrition Research Reviews. 25 (1), pp. 150-161. doi:10.1017/S0954422412000054
The effect of preterm birth on adiposity and metabolic pathways and the implications for later life
Thomas, E.L., Al Saud, N.B., Durighel, G., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2012. The effect of preterm birth on adiposity and metabolic pathways and the implications for later life. Clinical Lipidology. 7 (3), pp. 275-288. doi:10.2217/clp.12.32
Elemental imaging of MRI contrast agents: benchmarking of LA-ICP-MS to MRI
Pugh, J.A.T., Cox, A.G., McLeod, C.W., Bunch, J., Writer, M.J., Hart, S.L., Bienemann, A., White, E. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Elemental imaging of MRI contrast agents: benchmarking of LA-ICP-MS to MRI. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 403 (6), pp. 1641-1649. doi:10.1007/s00216-012-5973-z
Intrahepatic insulin exposure, intrahepatocellular lipid and regional body fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Mehta, S.R., Godsland, I.F., Thomas, E.L., Pavitt, D.V., Morin, S.H.X., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Johnston, D.G. 2012. Intrahepatic insulin exposure, intrahepatocellular lipid and regional body fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (6), pp. 2151-2159. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2430
Hepatic steatosis, GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement: a Liverpool magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Gardner, C.J., Irwin, A., Daousi, C., McFarlane, I.A., Joseph, F., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Adams, V.L., Kemp, G.J. and Cuthbertson, D.J. 2012. Hepatic steatosis, GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement: a Liverpool magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 166, pp. 993-1002. doi:10.1530/EJE-12-0002
Fermentable carbohydrate alters hypothalamic neuronal activity and protects against the obesogenic environment
Anastasovska, J., Arora, T., Sanchez-Canon, G.J., Parkinson, J.R.C., Touhy, K., Gibson, G.R., Nadkarni, N., So, P.W., Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Hankir, M., Van Loo, J., Modi, N., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2012. Fermentable carbohydrate alters hypothalamic neuronal activity and protects against the obesogenic environment. Obesity. 20 (5), pp. 1016-1023. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.6
Differential effects of two fermentable carbohydrates on central appetite regulation and body composition
Arora, T., Loo, R.L., Anastasovska, J., Gibson, G.R., Tuohy, K., Kumar Sharma, R., Swann Jonathan, Deaville, E.R., Sleeth Michelle, L., Thomas, E.L., Holmes, E., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2012. Differential effects of two fermentable carbohydrates on central appetite regulation and body composition. PLoS ONE. 7 (8), p. e43263. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043263
Improved Glycaemia correlates with liver fat reduction in obese, type 2 diabetes, patients given glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists
Cuthbertson, D.J., Irwin, A., Gardner, C.J., Daousi, C., Purewal, T, Furlong, N, Goenka, N, Thomas, E.L., Adams, V.L., Pushpakom, SP, Pirmohamed, M and Kemp, G.J. 2012. Improved Glycaemia correlates with liver fat reduction in obese, type 2 diabetes, patients given glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. PLoS ONE. 7 (12), p. e50117. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050117
Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally
Mehta, K., Patel, V., Busbridge Mark, Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M., Evans, R. and Farnaud, S. 2012. Increased transferrin-bound iron uptake in HepG2 cells is followed by an increase in expression of the iron hormone hepcidin pre-and post-translationally. European Iron Club Annual Meeting 2012. Rennes, France 29 - 31 Aug 2012
Validation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of abdominal fat by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging in an Indian population
Taylor, A.E., Kuper, H., Varma, R.D., Wells, J.C.K., Bell, J.D., Radhakrishna, K.V., Kulkarni, B., Kinra, S., Timpson, N.J., Ebrahim, S., Smith, G.D. and Ben-Shlomo, Y. 2012. Validation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of abdominal fat by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging in an Indian population. PLoS ONE. 7 (12), p. e51042. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051042
Metabolic profiling of the rat liver after chronic ingestion of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate using in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Solanky, B.S., Sanchez-Canon, G.J., Cobbold, J.F.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Scudamore, C.L., Ross, E., Holder, J.C., So, P.W. and Cox, I.J. 2012. Metabolic profiling of the rat liver after chronic ingestion of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate using in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Toxicological Sciences. 126 (2), pp. 306-316. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfs019
Increased energy expenditure in gastric bypass rats is not caused by activated brown adipose tissue
Hankir, M., Bueter, M., Gsell, W., Seyfried, F., Khalil, M., Smith, K.L., Bloom, S.R., Bell, J.D. and le Roux, C.W. 2012. Increased energy expenditure in gastric bypass rats is not caused by activated brown adipose tissue. Obesity Facts. 5 (3), pp. 349-358. doi:10.1159/000339742
Relation between trunk fat volume and reduction of total lung capacity in obese men
Watson, R.A., Pride, N.B., Thomas, E.L., Ind, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2012. Relation between trunk fat volume and reduction of total lung capacity in obese men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 112 (1), pp. 118-126. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00217.2011
The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat
Thomas, E.L., Parkinson, J.R.C., Frost, G.S., Goldstone, A.P., Doré, C.J., McCarthy, J., Collins, A.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2012. The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat. Obesity. 20 (1), pp. 76-87. doi:10.1038/oby.2011.142
The effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on mouse hypothalamic and hippocampal neuronal activity shown through manganese enhanced MRI
Hankir, M., Parkinson, J.R.C., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2012. The effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on mouse hypothalamic and hippocampal neuronal activity shown through manganese enhanced MRI. NeuroImage. 59 (2), pp. 968-978. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.063
A low molecular weight folate receptor targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance tumour imaging
Kalber, T., Kamaly, N., So, P.W., Pugh, J.A.T., Bunch, J., McLeod, C.W., Jorgensen, M.R., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2011. A low molecular weight folate receptor targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance tumour imaging. Molecular Imaging and Biology. 13 (4), pp. 653-662. doi:10.1007/s11307-010-0400-3
Synthesis and characterisation of a novel tubulin-directed DO3A–colchicine conjugate with potential theranostic features
Wardle, N.J., Kalber, T., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2011. Synthesis and characterisation of a novel tubulin-directed DO3A–colchicine conjugate with potential theranostic features. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 21 (11), pp. 3346-3348. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.014
Peptide YY3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Hankir, M., Parkinson, J.R.C., Minnion, J.S., Addison, M.L., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2011. Peptide YY3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 23 (4), pp. 371-380. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02111.x
Novel multifunctional nanoparticle mediates siRNA tumour delivery, visualisation and therapeutic tumour reduction in vivo
Kenny, G., Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Brody Leigh, Sahuri-Arisoylu Meliz, Shamsaei, E., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2011. Novel multifunctional nanoparticle mediates siRNA tumour delivery, visualisation and therapeutic tumour reduction in vivo. Journal of Controlled Release. 149 (2), pp. 111-116. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.020
Aberrant adiposity and ectopic lipid deposition characterize the adult phenotype of the preterm infant
Thomas, E.L., Parkinson, J.R.C., Hyde, M.J., Yap, I.K.S., Holmes, E., Doré, C.J., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2011. Aberrant adiposity and ectopic lipid deposition characterize the adult phenotype of the preterm infant. Paediatric Research. 70 (5), pp. 507-512. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31822d7860
Pragmatic study of orlistat 60 mg on abdominal obesity
Thomas, E.L., Makwana, A., Newbould, R., Rao, A.W., Gambarota, G., Frost, G.S., Delafont, B., Mishra, R.G., Matthews, P.M., Berk, E.S., Schwartz, S.M., Bell, J.D. and Beaver, J.D. 2011. Pragmatic study of orlistat 60 mg on abdominal obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 65, pp. 1256-1262. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.108
Targeting of anionic membrane species by lanthanide(III) complexes: towards improved MRI contrast agents for apoptosis
Surman, A.J., Kenny, G., Krishna Kumar, D., Bell, J.D., Casey, D.R. and Vilar, R. 2011. Targeting of anionic membrane species by lanthanide(III) complexes: towards improved MRI contrast agents for apoptosis. Chemical Communications. 47, pp. 10245-10247. doi:10.1039/C1CC13284A
The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content
Modi, N., Murgasova, D., Ruager-Martin, R., Thomas, E.L., Hyde, M.J., Gale, C., Santhakumaran, S., Doré, C.J., Alavi, Afshin and Bell, J.D. 2011. The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content. Paediatric Research. 70 (3), pp. 287-291. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e318225f9b1
Synthesis and characterization of a theranostic vascular disrupting agent for in vivo MR imaging
Kalber, T., Kamaly, N., Higham, S.A., Pugh, J.A.T., Bunch, J., McLeod, C.W., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of a theranostic vascular disrupting agent for in vivo MR imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 22 (5), pp. 879-886. doi:10.1021/bc100329t
A pyrophosphate-responsive gadolinium(III) MRI contrast agent
Surman, A.J., Bonnet, C.S., Lowe, M.P., Kenny, G., Bell, J.D., Tóth, É. and Vilar, R. 2011. A pyrophosphate-responsive gadolinium(III) MRI contrast agent. Chemistry: A European Journal. 17 (1), pp. 223-230. doi:10.1002/chem.201001397
Manganese enhancement in non-CNS organs
Lee, L.W., So, P.W., Price, A.N., Parkinson, J.R.C., Larkman, D.J., Halliday, J., Poucher, S.M., Pugh, J.A.T., Cox, A.G., McLeod, C.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Manganese enhancement in non-CNS organs. NMR in Biomedicine. 23 (8), pp. 931-938. doi:10.1002/nbm.1513
Endocannabinoids, FOXO and the metabolic syndrome: redox, function and tipping point – the view from two systems
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Endocannabinoids, FOXO and the metabolic syndrome: redox, function and tipping point – the view from two systems. Immunobiology. 215 (8), pp. 617-628. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2009.03.005
Imaging of gadolinium spatial distribution in tumor tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Kamaly, N., Pugh, J.A.T., Kalber, T., Bunch, J., Miller, A.D., McLeod, C.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Imaging of gadolinium spatial distribution in tumor tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Molecular Imaging and Biology. 12 (4), pp. 361-366. doi:10.1007/s11307-009-0282-4
Peripherally injected cholecystokinin-induced neuronal activation is modified by dietary composition in mice
Zeeni, N., Nadkarni, N., Bell, J.D., Even, P.C., Fromentin, G., Tome, D. and Darcel, N. 2010. Peripherally injected cholecystokinin-induced neuronal activation is modified by dietary composition in mice. NeuroImage. 50 (4), pp. 1560-1565. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.065
The combined effects on neuronal activation and blood–brain barrier permeability of time and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice, as measured in vivo using MEMRI
Kuo, Y.T., So, P.W., Parkinson, J.R.C., Yu, W.S., Hankir, M., Herlihy, A.H., Goldstone, A.P., Frost, G.S., Wasserfall, C. and Bell, J.D. 2010. The combined effects on neuronal activation and blood–brain barrier permeability of time and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice, as measured in vivo using MEMRI. NeuroImage. 50 (4), pp. 1384-1391. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.057
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification
Mehta, S.R., Thomas, E.L., Patel, N., Crofton, M.E., McCarthy, J., Eliahoo, J., Morin, S.H.X., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Goldstone, A.P., Johnston, D.G., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2010. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification. Hepatology Research. 40 (4), pp. 399-406. doi:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00620.x
Resistant starch improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome
Johnston, K.L., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S. and Robertson, M.D. 2010. Resistant starch improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 27 (4), pp. 391-397. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02923.x
Reduction of total lung capacity in obese men: comparison of total intrathoracic and gas volumes
Watson, R.A., Pride, N.B., Thomas, E.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., McCarthy, J., Morin, S.H.X., Ind, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Reduction of total lung capacity in obese men: comparison of total intrathoracic and gas volumes. Journal of Applied Physiology. 108 (6), pp. 1605-1612. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01267.2009
Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: the validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI
Thomas, E.L., Collins, A.L., McCarthy, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Goldstone, A.P. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: the validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64, pp. 525-533. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.18
Efficient and rapid labelling of transplanted cell populations with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using cell surface chemical biotinylation for in vivo monitoring by MRI
So, P.W., Kalber, T., Hunter, D., Farquharson, M., Al-Ebraheem, A., Parkes, H.G., Simon, R. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Efficient and rapid labelling of transplanted cell populations with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using cell surface chemical biotinylation for in vivo monitoring by MRI. Cell Transplantation. 19 (4), pp. 419-429. doi:10.3727/096368910X498250
Inflammatory modulation of exercise salience: using hormesis to return to a healthy lifestyle
Nunn, A.V.W., Guy, G.W., Brodie, J.S. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Inflammatory modulation of exercise salience: using hormesis to return to a healthy lifestyle. Nutrition & Metabolism. 7, p. 87. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-87
Chemistry of tumour targeted T1 based MRI contrast agents
Kamaly, N., Miller, A.D. and Bell, J.D. 2010. Chemistry of tumour targeted T1 based MRI contrast agents. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (12), pp. 1158-1183. doi:10.2174/156802610791384199
A novel bimodal lipidic contrast agent for cellular labelling and tumour MRI
Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Kenny, G., Bell, J.D., Jorgensen, M.R. and Miller, A.D. 2010. A novel bimodal lipidic contrast agent for cellular labelling and tumour MRI. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. 8, pp. 201-211. doi:10.1039/B910561A
Incidental findings in healthy control research subjects using whole-body MRI
Morin, S.H.X., Cobbold, J.F.L., Lim, A.K.P., Eliahoo, J., Thomas, E.L., Mehta, S.R., Durighel, G., Fitzpatrick, J., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2009. Incidental findings in healthy control research subjects using whole-body MRI. European Journal of Radiology. 72 (3), pp. 529-533. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.08.006
Dominant role of the p110β isoform of PI3K over p110α in energy homeostasis regulation by POMC and AgRP neurons
Al-Qassab, H., Smith, M.A., Irvine, E.E., Guillermet-Guibert, J., Claret, M., Choudhury, A.I., Selman, C., Piipari, K., Clements, M., Lingard, S., Chandarana, K., Bell, J.D., Barsh, G.S., Smith, A.J.H., Batterham, R.L., Ashford, M.L.J., Vanhaesebroeck, B. and Withers, D.J. 2009. Dominant role of the p110β isoform of PI3K over p110α in energy homeostasis regulation by POMC and AgRP neurons. Cell Metabolism. 10 (5), pp. 343-354. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.09.008
Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods
Goldstone, A.P., Prechtl de Hernandez, C.G., Beaver, J.D., Muhammed, K., Croese, C., Bell, G., Durighel, G., Hughes, E., Waldman, A.D., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods. European Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (8), pp. 1625-1635. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06949.x
Cerebral activation by fasting induces lactate accumulation in the hypothalamus
Violante, I.R., Anastasovska, J., Sanchez-Canon, G.J., Rodrigues, T.B., Righi, V., Nieto-Charques, L., Parkinson, J.R.C., Bloom, S.R., Bell, J.D. and Cerdan Sebastian 2009. Cerebral activation by fasting induces lactate accumulation in the hypothalamus. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 62 (2), pp. 279-283. doi:10.1002/mrm.22010
Obesity, diabetes and longevity in the Gulf: is there a Gulf metabolic syndrome?
Guy, G.W., Nunn, A.V.W., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Obesity, diabetes and longevity in the Gulf: is there a Gulf metabolic syndrome? International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus. 1 (1), pp. 43-54. doi:10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.05.001
Differential patterns of neuronal activation in the brainstem and hypothalamus following peripheral injection of GLP-1, oxyntomodulin and lithium chloride in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
Parkinson, J.R.C., Chaudhri, O.B., Kuo, Y.T., Field, B.C.T., Herlihy, A.H., Dhillo, W.S., Ghatei, M.A., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Differential patterns of neuronal activation in the brainstem and hypothalamus following peripheral injection of GLP-1, oxyntomodulin and lithium chloride in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). NeuroImage. 44 (3), pp. 1022-1031. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.047
The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy
So, P.W., Bhakoo, K.K., Cox, I.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2009. The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy. in: Conn, P.M. (ed.) Essential bioimaging methods Academic Press. pp. 374-398
Diagonal-SPRITE and its applications for in vivo imaging at high field
Protti, A., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Tessier, J., Kalber, T. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Diagonal-SPRITE and its applications for in vivo imaging at high field. The Open Magnetic Resonance Journal. 2, pp. 1-7. doi:10.2174/1874769800902010001
Imaging appetite regulating pathways in the central nervous system using manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
Parkinson, J.R.C., Chaudhri, O.B. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Imaging appetite regulating pathways in the central nervous system using manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Neuroendocrinology. 89 (2), pp. 121-130. doi:10.1159/000163751
Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit
O'Donovan, G., Thomas, E.L., McCarthy, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Durighel, G., Mehta, S.R., Morin, S.H.X., Goldstone, A.P. and Bell, J.D. 2009. Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit. International Journal of Obesity. 33 (12), pp. 1356-1362. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.189
Lifestyle-induced metabolic inflexibility and accelerated ageing syndrome: insulin resistance, friend or foe?
Nunn, A.V.W., Bell, J.D. and Guy, G.W. 2009. Lifestyle-induced metabolic inflexibility and accelerated ageing syndrome: insulin resistance, friend or foe? Nutrition & Metabolism. 6, p. 16. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-6-16
Whole body magnetic resonance imaging of healthy newborn infants demonstrates increased central adiposity in Asian Indians
Modi, N., Thomas, E.L., Uthaya, S.N., Umranikar, S., Bell, J.D. and Yajnik, C. 2009. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging of healthy newborn infants demonstrates increased central adiposity in Asian Indians. Paediatric Research. 65 (5), pp. 584-587. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819d98be
Folate receptor targeted bimodal liposomes for tumor magnetic resonance imaging
Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Thanou, M., Bell, J.D. and Miller, A.D. 2009. Folate receptor targeted bimodal liposomes for tumor magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 20 (4), pp. 648-655. doi:10.1021/bc8002259
Adaptation of ventilation to 'buffeting' in vehicles
Green, D.A., Golding, J.F., Mandip, A., Faldon, M.C., Murphy, K.G., Bronstein, A.M. and Gresty, M.A. 2008. Adaptation of ventilation to 'buffeting' in vehicles. Clinical Autonomic Research. 18 (6), pp. 346-351. doi:10.1007/s10286-008-0491-y
Neonatal intrahepatocellular lipid
Thomas, E.L., Uthaya, S.N., Vasu, V., McCarthy, J., McEwan, P., Hamilton, G., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2008. Neonatal intrahepatocellular lipid. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 93 (5), pp. F382-F383. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.127431
Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content
Mehta, S.R., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Johnston, D.G. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2008. Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (22), pp. 3476-3483. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.3476
Bimodal paramagnetic and fluorescent liposomes for cellular and tumor magnetic resonance imaging
Kamaly, N., Kalber, T., Ahmad, A., Oliver, M.H., So, P.W., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Jorgensen, M.R. and Miller, A.D. 2008. Bimodal paramagnetic and fluorescent liposomes for cellular and tumor magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 19 (1), pp. 118-129. doi:10.1021/bc7001715
Pioglitazone added to conventional lipid lowering treatment in familial combined hyperlipidaemia improves parameters of metabolic control: relation to liver, muscle and regional body fat content
Thomas, E.L., Potter, E., Tosi, I., Fitzpatrick, J., Hamilton, G., Amber, V., Hughs, R., North, C., Holvoet, P., Seed, M., Betteridge, D.J., Bell, J.D. and Naoumova, R.P. 2007. Pioglitazone added to conventional lipid lowering treatment in familial combined hyperlipidaemia improves parameters of metabolic control: relation to liver, muscle and regional body fat content. Atherosclerosis. 195 (1), pp. e181-e190. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.043
Relationship of glycaemic index with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for people aged 65 and older
Milton, J.E., Briche, B., Brown, I.J., Hickson, M., Robertson, C.E. and Frost, G.S. 2007. Relationship of glycaemic index with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for people aged 65 and older. Public Health Nutrition. 10 (11), pp. 1321-1335. doi:10.1017/S1368980007702914
The temporal sequence of gut peptide-central nervous system interactions tracked in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging
Kuo, Y.T., Parkinson, J.R.C., Chaudhri, O.B., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Dhillo, W.S., Small, C.J., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2007. The temporal sequence of gut peptide-central nervous system interactions tracked in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45), pp. 12341-12348. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2391-07.2007
Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex
Wardle, N.J., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Bell, J.D. and Bligh, S.W.A. 2007. Synthesis of a novel ‘smart’ bifunctional chelating agent 1-(2-[β,d-galactopyranosyloxy]ethyl)-7-(1-carboxy-3-[4-aminophenyl]propyl)-4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Gal-PA-DO3A-NH2) and its Gd(III) complex. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 15 (14), pp. 4714-4721. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.004
The integration of lipid-sensing and anti-inflammatory effects: how the PPARs play a role in metabolic balance
Nunn, A.V.W., Bell, J.D. and Barter, P. 2007. The integration of lipid-sensing and anti-inflammatory effects: how the PPARs play a role in metabolic balance. Nuclear Receptor. 5 (1), pp. 1-12. doi:10.1186/1478-1336-5-1
Creatine supplements in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies who are clinically weak after conventional pharmacologic treatment: Six-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Chung, Y.L., Alexanderson, H., Pipitone, N., Morrison, C., Dastmalchi, M., Ståhl-Hallengren, C., Richards, S., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Bell, J.D., Lundberg, I.E. and Scott, D.L. 2007. Creatine supplements in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies who are clinically weak after conventional pharmacologic treatment: Six-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 57 (4), pp. 694-702. doi:10.1002/art.22687
Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism
Shojaee-Moradie, F., Baynes, K.C.R., Pentecost, C., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Jackson, N.C., Stolinski, M., Whyte, M., Lovell, D., Bowes, S.B., Gibney, J., Jones, R.H. and Umpleby, A.M. 2007. Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism. Diabetologia. 50 (2), pp. 404-413. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0498-7
Impact of resistant starch on body fat patterning and central appetite regulation
So, P.W., Yu, W.S., Kuo, Y.T., Wasserfall, C., Goldstone, A.P., Bell, J.D. and Frost, G.S. 2007. Impact of resistant starch on body fat patterning and central appetite regulation. PLoS ONE. 2 (12), p. e1309. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001309
Application of magnetic resonance methods to studies of gene therapy
So, P.W., Parkes, H.G. and Bell, J.D. 2007. Application of magnetic resonance methods to studies of gene therapy. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 51 (1), pp. 49-62. doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2007.02.001
The application of in vivo MRI and MRS in phenomic studies of murine models of disease
So, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2007. The application of in vivo MRI and MRS in phenomic studies of murine models of disease. in: Webb, G.A. (ed.) Modern magnetic resonance The Netherlands Springer. pp. 769-786
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) without compromise of the blood–brain barrier detects hypothalamic neuronal activity in vivo
Kuo, Y.T., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W. and Bell, J.D. 2006. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) without compromise of the blood–brain barrier detects hypothalamic neuronal activity in vivo. NMR in Biomedicine. 19 (8), pp. 1028-1034. doi:10.1002/nbm.1070
Differential hypothalamic neuronal activation following peripheral injection of GLP-1 and oxyntomodulin in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Chaudhri, O.B., Parkinson, J.R.C., Kuo, Y.T., Druce, M.R., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Dhillo, W.S., Stanley, S.A., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R. 2006. Differential hypothalamic neuronal activation following peripheral injection of GLP-1 and oxyntomodulin in mice detected by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 350 (2), pp. 298-306. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.033
Determinants of adiposity during preweaning postnatal growth in appropriately grown and growth-restricted term infants
Modi, N., Thomas, E.L., Harrington, T.A.M., Uthaya, S.N., Doré, C.J. and Bell, J.D. 2006. Determinants of adiposity during preweaning postnatal growth in appropriately grown and growth-restricted term infants. Pediatric Research. 60 (3), pp. 345-348. doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000232732.93000.52
Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation
Batterham, R.L., Heffron, H., Kapoor, S., Chivers, J.E., Chandarana, K., Herzog, H., le Roux, C.W., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D. and Withers, D.J. 2006. Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation. Cell Metabolism. 4 (3), pp. 223-233. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.08.001
Prediction of specific absorption rate in mother and fetus associated with MRI examinations during pregnancy
Hand, J.W., Li, Y., Thomas, E.L., Rutherford, M.A. and Hajnal, J.V. 2006. Prediction of specific absorption rate in mother and fetus associated with MRI examinations during pregnancy. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 55 (4), pp. 883-93. doi:10.1002/mrm.20824
Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Hamilton, G., Patel, N., Spong, A., Goldin, R.D., Frost, G.S., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2006. Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (36), pp. 5813-5819. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5813
Intra-cellular fat accumulation: mechanisms and implications for health
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2006. Intra-cellular fat accumulation: mechanisms and implications for health. International Journal of Body Composition Research. 4 (1), pp. 27-37.
MAGfect: a novel liposome formulation for MRI labelling and visualization of cells
Oliver, M.H., Ahmad, A., Kamaly, N., Perouzel, E., Caussin, A., Keller, M., Herlihy, A.H., Bell, J.D., Miller, A.D. and Jorgensen, M.R. 2006. MAGfect: a novel liposome formulation for MRI labelling and visualization of cells. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. 4 (18), pp. 3489-3497. doi:10.1039/B605394G
Muscle metabolites, detected in urine by proton spectroscopy, correlate with disease damage in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Chung, Y.L., Rider, L.G., Bell, J.D., Summers, R.M., Zemel, L.S., Rennebohm, R.M., Passo, M.H., Hicks, J., Miller, F.W. and Scott, D.L. 2005. Muscle metabolites, detected in urine by proton spectroscopy, correlate with disease damage in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 53 (4), pp. 565-570. doi:10.1002/art.21331
Generic method for imaging transgene expression
So, P.W., Hotee, S., Herlihy, A.H. and Bell, J.D. 2005. Generic method for imaging transgene expression. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 54 (1), pp. 218-221. doi:10.1002/mrm.20522
Adiposity induced by adenovirus 5 inoculation
So, P.W., Herlihy, A.H. and Bell, J.D. 2005. Adiposity induced by adenovirus 5 inoculation. International Journal of Obesity. 29 (6), pp. 603-606. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802917
Excess visceral and hepatic adipose tissue in Turner syndrome determined by magnetic resonance imaging: estrogen deficiency associated with hepatic adipose content
Ostberg, J.E., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Attar, M.J.H., Bell, J.D. and Conway, G.S. 2005. Excess visceral and hepatic adipose tissue in Turner syndrome determined by magnetic resonance imaging: estrogen deficiency associated with hepatic adipose content. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (5), pp. 2631-2635. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1939
In vivo measurements of T1 relaxation times in mouse brain associated with different modes of systemic administration of manganese chloride
Kuo, Y.T., Herlihy, A.H., So, P.W., Bhakoo, K.K. and Bell, J.D. 2005. In vivo measurements of T1 relaxation times in mouse brain associated with different modes of systemic administration of manganese chloride. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 21 (4), pp. 334-339. doi:10.1002/jmri.20285
The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function
Choudhury, A.I., Heffron, H., Smith, M.A., Al-Qassab, H., Xu, A.W., Selman, C., Simmgen, M., Clements, M., Claret, M., MacColl, G., Bedford, D.C., Hisadome, K., Diakonov, I., Moosajee, V., Bell, J.D., Speakman, J.R., Batterham, R.L., Barsh, G.S., Ashford, M.L.J. and Withers, D.J. 2005. The role of insulin receptor substrate 2 in hypothalamic and β cell function. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (4), pp. 940-950. doi:10.1172/JCI24445
Altered adiposity after extremely preterm birth
Uthaya, S.N., Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Doré, C.J., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2005. Altered adiposity after extremely preterm birth. Pediatric Research. 57 (2), pp. 211-215. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000148284.58934.1C
Phosphorus-31 brain MR spectroscopy in women during and after pregnancy compared with nonpregnant control subjects
Holdcroft, A., Hall, L., Hamilton, G., Counsell, S.J., Bydder, G.M. and Bell, J.D. 2005. Phosphorus-31 brain MR spectroscopy in women during and after pregnancy compared with nonpregnant control subjects. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 26 (2), pp. 352-356.
Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid
Goff, L.M., Bell, J.D., So, P.W., Dornhorst, A. and Frost, G.S. 2005. Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 59 (2), pp. 291-298. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602076
Hepatic triglyceride content and its relation to body adiposity: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Thomas, E.L., Hamilton, G., Patel, N., O'Dwyer, R., Doré, C.J., Goldin, R.D., Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2005. Hepatic triglyceride content and its relation to body adiposity: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Gut. 54 (1), pp. 122-127. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.036566
Contrast enhancement of short T2 tissues using ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences
Robson, M.D., Gatehouse, P.D., So, P.W., Bell, J.D. and Bydder, G.M. 2004. Contrast enhancement of short T2 tissues using ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences. Clinical Radiology. 59 (8), pp. 720-726. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2003.09.025
Familial partial lipodystrophy associated with compound heterozygosity for novel mutations in the LMNA gene
Savage, D.B., McFarlane, I.A., Barroso, I., Soos, M.A., Powlson, A., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Scobie, I., Belchetz, P.E., Kelly, W.F., Halsall, D.J., Schafer, A.J. and O’Rahilly, S. 2004. Familial partial lipodystrophy associated with compound heterozygosity for novel mutations in the LMNA gene. Diabetologia. 47 (4), pp. 753-756. doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1360-4
Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance
Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Castroman, G., Edwards, R., Ghatei, M.A., Frost, G.S., Holland, A., Grossman, A.B., Korbonits, M., Bloom, S.R. and Bell, J.D. 2004. Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (4), pp. 1718-1726. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031118
Distribution of adipose tissue in the newborn
Harrington, T.A.M., Thomas, E.L., Modi, N., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2004. Distribution of adipose tissue in the newborn. Pediatric Research. 55 (3), pp. 437-441. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000111202.29433.2D
Adipose tissue magnetic resonance imaging in the newborn
Uthaya, S.N., Bell, J.D. and Modi, N. 2004. Adipose tissue magnetic resonance imaging in the newborn. Hormone Research. 62 (sup.3), pp. 143-148.
Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation
Leonardsson, G., Steel, J.H., Christian, M., Pocock, V., Milligan, S., Bell, J.D., So, P.W., Medina-Gomez, G., Vidal-Puig, A., White, R. and Parker, M.G. 2004. Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (22), pp. 8437-8442. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401013101
Bhakoo, K.K., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2004. The application of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to gene therapy. in: Ashkenazi, A., Wells, J.A. and Yuan, J. (ed.) Methods in enzymology Elsevier.
N-acetyl aspartate estimation: a potential method for determining neuronal loss in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Chung, Y.L., Barr, J., Bhakoo, K.K., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D. and Fraser, J.R. 2003. N-acetyl aspartate estimation: a potential method for determining neuronal loss in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. 29 (5), pp. 445-450. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00438.x
Human metabolic syndrome resulting from dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
Savage, D.B., Tan, G.D., Acerini, C.L., Jebb, S.A., Agostini, M., Gurnell, M., Williams, R.L., Umpleby, A.M., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Dixon, A.K., Dunne, F., Boiani, R., Cinti, S., Vidal-Puig, A., Karpe, F., Chatterjee, V.K.K. and O'Rahilly, S. 2003. Human metabolic syndrome resulting from dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Diabetes. 52 (4), p. 910. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.4.910
Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids
Goff, L.M., Frost, G.S., Hamilton, G., Thomas, E.L., Dhillo, W.S., Dornhorst, A. and Bell, J.D. 2003. Carbohydrate-induced manipulation of insulin sensitivity independently of intramyocellular lipids. British Journal of Nutrition. 89 (3), pp. 365-375. doi:10.1079/BJN2002789
Influence of undersampling on magnetic resonance imaging measurements of intra-abdominal adipose tissue
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 2003. Influence of undersampling on magnetic resonance imaging measurements of intra-abdominal adipose tissue. International Journal of Obesity. 27 (2), pp. 211-218. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.802229
Urinary levels of creatine and other metabolites in the assessment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Chung, Y.L., Wassif, W.S., Bell, J.D., Hurley, M. and Scott, D.L. 2003. Urinary levels of creatine and other metabolites in the assessment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Rheumatology. 42 (2), pp. 298-303. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keg084
Hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulation of fat mass in Prader-Willi syndrome
Goldstone, A.P., Unmehopa, U.A., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Ghatei, M.A., Holland, A., Bloom, S.R. and Swaab, D.F. 2003. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and regulation of fat mass in Prader-Willi syndrome. in: Eiholzer, U., l’Allemand, D. and Zipf, W.B. (ed.) Prader-Willi syndrome as a model for obesity: international symposium, Zurich, October 18-19, 2002 Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 31-43
Letter: Digenic inheritance of severe insulin resistance in a human pedigree
Savage, D.B., Agostini, M., Barroso, I., Gurnell, M., Luan, J.A., Meirhaeghe, A., Harding, A.H., Ihrke, G., Rajanayagam, O., Soos, M.A., George, S., Birger, D., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Meera, K., Ross, R.J., Vidal-Puig, A., Wareham, N.J., O'Rahilly, S., Chatterjee, V.K.K. and Schafer, A.J. 2002. Letter: Digenic inheritance of severe insulin resistance in a human pedigree. Nature Genetics. 31 (4), pp. 379-384. doi:10.1038/ng926
Resting metabolic rate, plasma leptin concentrations, leptin receptor expression, and adipose tissue measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in women with Prader-Willi syndrome
Goldstone, A.P., Brynes, A.E., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Holland, A., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R. 2002. Resting metabolic rate, plasma leptin concentrations, leptin receptor expression, and adipose tissue measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in women with Prader-Willi syndrome. American Journal of Clinical Nutition. 75 (3), pp. 468-475.
Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants
Harrington, T.A.M., Thomas, E.L., Modi, N., Frost, G.S., Coutts, G.A. and Bell, J.D. 2002. Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants. Lipids. 37 (1), pp. 95-100. doi:10.1007/s11745-002-0868-4
Evidence for altered hepatic gluconeogenesis in patients with cirrhosis using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Changani, K.K., Jalan, R., Cox, I.J., Ala-Korpela, M., Bhakoo, K.K., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Bell, J.D. 2001. Evidence for altered hepatic gluconeogenesis in patients with cirrhosis using in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Gut. 49 (4), pp. 557-564. doi:10.1136/gut.49.4.557
Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution
Goldstone, A.P., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Bell, J.D., Frost, G.S., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., Howard, J.K., Holland, A. and Bloom, S.R. 2001. Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (9), pp. 4330-4338.
In vivo evaluation of the effects of continuous exercise on skeletal muscle triglycerides in trained humans
Rico-Sanz, J., Moosavi, M., Thomas, E.L., McCarthy, J., Coutts, G.A., Saeed, N. and Bell, J.D. 2000. In vivo evaluation of the effects of continuous exercise on skeletal muscle triglycerides in trained humans. Lipids. 35 (12), pp. 1313-1315. doi:10.1007/s11745-000-0647-2
Investigation of human low-density lipoprotein by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: mobility of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin headgroups characterizes the surface layer
Murphy, H.C., Burns, S.P., White, J.J., Bell, J.D. and Iles, R.A. 2000. Investigation of human low-density lipoprotein by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: mobility of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin headgroups characterizes the surface layer. Biochemistry. 39 (32), pp. 9763-9770. doi:10.1021/bi0000115
Bioenergetic targeting during organ preservation: 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations into the use of fructose to sustain hepatic ATP turnover during cold hypoxia in porcine livers
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Davidson, B.R. 2000. Bioenergetic targeting during organ preservation: 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations into the use of fructose to sustain hepatic ATP turnover during cold hypoxia in porcine livers. Cryobiology. 41 (1), pp. 72-87. doi:10.1006/cryo.2000.2268
Assessing gene expression in vivo: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
Bell, J.D. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 2000. Assessing gene expression in vivo: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Gene Therapy. 7 (15), pp. 1259-1264.
Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging
Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., McCarthy, J., Goldstone, A.P., Hajnal, J.V., Saeed, N., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 2000. Preferential loss of visceral fat following aerobic exercise, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Lipids. 35 (7), pp. 769-776. doi:10.1007/s11745-000-0584-0
Increased availability of central benzodiazepine receptors in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy and alcohol related cirrhosis
Jalan, R., Turjanski, N., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Koepp, M.J., Richardson, M.P., Wilson, J.A., Bell, J.D. and Brooks, D.J. 2000. Increased availability of central benzodiazepine receptors in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy and alcohol related cirrhosis. Gut. 46 (4), pp. 546-552. doi:10.1136/gut.46.4.546
Cortical dysfunction in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: A combined 31P-MRS and 18FDG-PET study
Hu, M.T.M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Chaudhuri, K.R., Bell, J.D., Labbé, C., Cunningham, V.J., Koepp, M.J., Hammers, A., Morris, R.G., Turjanski, N. and Brooks, D.J. 2000. Cortical dysfunction in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: A combined 31P-MRS and 18FDG-PET study. Brain. 123 (2), pp. 340-352. doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.340
Conflicting MRI signals from gliosis and neuronal vacuolation in prion diseases
Chung, Y.L., Williams, A., Ritchie, D., Williams, S.C.R., Changani, K.K., Hope, J. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Conflicting MRI signals from gliosis and neuronal vacuolation in prion diseases. NeuroReport. 10 (17), pp. 3471-3477.
Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Buckley, C., Changani, K.K., Hodgson, H.J.F. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Cerebral proton and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Liver. 19 (5), pp. 389-398. doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00067.x
Improved preservation solutions for organ storage: a dynamic study of hepatic metabolism
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Moore, D.P. and Davidson, B.R. 1999. Improved preservation solutions for organ storage: a dynamic study of hepatic metabolism. Transplantation. 68 (3), pp. 345-355.
Evidence for cortical dysfunction in clinically non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease: a proton MR spectroscopy study
Hu, M.T.M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Chaudhuri, K.R., Bell, J.D., Morris, R.G., Clough, C., Brooks, D.J. and Turjanski, N. 1999. Evidence for cortical dysfunction in clinically non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease: a proton MR spectroscopy study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 67 (1), pp. 20-26. doi:10.1136/jnnp.67.1.20
Relation of triglyceride stores in skeletal muscle cells to central obesity and insulin sensitivity in European and South Asian men
Forouhi, N.G., Jenkinson, G., Thomas, E.L., Mullick, S., Mierisová, Ŝ., Bhonsle, U., McKeigue, P.M. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Relation of triglyceride stores in skeletal muscle cells to central obesity and insulin sensitivity in European and South Asian men. Diabetologia. 42 (8), pp. 932-935. doi:10.1007/s001250051250
Brain bioenergetics in murine models of scrapie using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Chung, Y.L., Williams, S.C.R., Hope, J. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Brain bioenergetics in murine models of scrapie using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeuroReport. 10 (9), pp. 1899-1901.
Incorporation of metabolite prior knowledge for data analysis: biochemical implications of dynamic 31P NMR ex vivo pig liver studies
Changani, K.K., Ala-Korpela, M., Fuller, B.J., Mierisová, Ŝ., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Davidson, B.R. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Incorporation of metabolite prior knowledge for data analysis: biochemical implications of dynamic 31P NMR ex vivo pig liver studies. NMR in Biomedicine. 12 (4), pp. 197-204. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199906)12:4<197::AID-NBM561>3.0.CO;2-9
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training
Montgomery, H., Clarkson, P., Barnard, M.L., Bell, J.D., Brynes, A.E., Hajnal, J.V., Hemingway, H., Mercer, D., Jarman, P., Marshall, R., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Saeed, N., Thomas, E.L., Jubb, M., World, M., Dollery, C., Talmud, P. and Humphries, S.E. 1999. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training. The Lancet. 353 (9152), pp. 541-545. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07131-1
Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age
Hanrahan, J.D., Cox, I.J., Azzopardi, D., Cowan, F.M., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J. and Edwards, A.D. 1999. Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 41 (2), pp. 76-82. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00558.x
Body fat metabolism: observation by MR imaging and spectroscopy
Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Body fat metabolism: observation by MR imaging and spectroscopy. in: Young, I.R. (ed.) Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in medicine and biology Wiley.
Diversity in levels of intracellular total creatine and triglycerides in human skeletal muscles observed by 1H-MRS
Rico-Sanz, J., Thomas, E.L., Jenkinson, G., Mierisová, Ŝ., Iles, R.A. and Bell, J.D. 1999. Diversity in levels of intracellular total creatine and triglycerides in human skeletal muscles observed by 1H-MRS. Journal of Applied Physiology. 87 (6), pp. 2068-2072.
Magnetic resonance: in-vivo NMR, applications – other nuclei
Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L. and Changani, K.K. 1999. Magnetic resonance: in-vivo NMR, applications – other nuclei. in: Lindon, J. (ed.) Encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry London Academic Press.
Metabolic changes underlying 31P MR spectral alterations in human hepatic tumours
Bell, J.D. and Bhakoo, K.K. 1998. Metabolic changes underlying 31P MR spectral alterations in human hepatic tumours. NMR in Biomedicine. 11 (7), pp. 354-359. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(1998110)11:7<354::AID-NBM515>3.0.CO;2-N
Critical assessment of in vivo13C NMR spectroscopy and gas–liquid chromatography in the study of adipose tissue composition
Thomas, E.L., Cunnane, S.C. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Critical assessment of in vivo13C NMR spectroscopy and gas–liquid chromatography in the study of adipose tissue composition. NMR in Biomedicine. 11 (6), pp. 290-296. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199810)11:6<290::AID-NBM524>3.0.CO;2-N
Evaluation of the stability of the proton chemical shifts of some metabolites other than water during thermal cycling of normal human muscle tissue
Young, I.R., Bell, J.D., Hajnal, J.V., Jenkinson, G. and Ling, J. 1998. Evaluation of the stability of the proton chemical shifts of some metabolites other than water during thermal cycling of normal human muscle tissue. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 8 (5), pp. 1114-1118. doi:10.1002/jmri.1880080517
Persistent increase in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia
Hanrahan, J.D., Cox, I.J., Edwards, A.D., Cowan, F.M., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J., Rutherford, M.A. and Azzopardi, D. 1998. Persistent increase in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia. Pediatric Research. 44 (3), pp. 304-311. doi:10.1203/00006450-199809000-00007
Intracellular and extracellular skeletal muscle triglyceride metabolism during alternating intensity exercise in humans
Rico-Sanz, J., Hajnal, J.V., Thomas, E.L., Mierisová, Ŝ., Ala-Korpela, M. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Intracellular and extracellular skeletal muscle triglyceride metabolism during alternating intensity exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology. 510 (2), pp. 615-622. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.615bk.x
Non-invasive metabolic assessment of human donor livers: metabolite assignment in 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Changani, K.K., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Fuller, B.J. and Davidson, B.R. 1998. Non-invasive metabolic assessment of human donor livers: metabolite assignment in 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Transplantation. 65 (11), pp. 1526-1527.
Human gene for physical performance
Montgomery, H., Marshall, R., Hemingway, H., Myerson, S., Clarkson, P., Dollery, C., Hayward, M., Holliman, D.E., Jubb, M., World, M., Thomas, E.L., Brynes, A.E., Saeed, N., Barnard, M.L., Bell, J.D., Prasad, K., Rayson, M., Talmud, P. and Humphries, S.E. 1998. Human gene for physical performance. Nature. 393 (6682), pp. 221-222. doi:10.1038/30374
13C-Glycogen deposition during pregnancy in the rat following routine meal feeding
Changani, K.K., Bell, J.D. and Iles, R.A. 1998. 13C-Glycogen deposition during pregnancy in the rat following routine meal feeding. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1380 (2), pp. 198-208. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00140-2
In vivo and in vitro hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy in chronic ductopenic rejection of human liver allografts
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Marcus, C.D., Changani, K.K., Saeed, N., Hodgson, H., Davidson, B.R., Burroughs, A.K., Rolles, K., Foster, C.S. and Cox, I.J. 1998. In vivo and in vitro hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy in chronic ductopenic rejection of human liver allografts. Gut. 42 (5), pp. 735-43. doi:10.1136/gut.42.5.735
Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat
Thomas, E.L., Saeed, N., Hajnal, J.V., Brynes, A.E., Goldstone, A.P., Frost, G.S. and Bell, J.D. 1998. Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat. Journal of Applied Physiology. 85 (5), pp. 1778-1785.
A comparison of ATP recovery or phosphomonoester/inorganic phosphate ratio to assess metabolic activity in liver at hypothermia: a 31P NMR study
Changani, K.K., Davidson, B.R., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Fuller, B.J. 1998. A comparison of ATP recovery or phosphomonoester/inorganic phosphate ratio to assess metabolic activity in liver at hypothermia: a 31P NMR study. CryoLetters. 19, pp. 183-188.
Enhanced energy metabolism at hypothermia following addition of a prostacyclin derivative in porcine liver
Changani, K.K., Davidson, B.R., Bell, J.D., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Fuller, B.J. 1998. Enhanced energy metabolism at hypothermia following addition of a prostacyclin derivative in porcine liver. CryoLetters. 19, pp. 131-140.
Depression of liver mitochondrial complex II-linked respiration following cooling: beneficial effects of using a prostacyclin analogue during hypothermia
Changani, K.K., Bell, J.D., Brooks, K.J., Fuller, B.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Davidson, B.R., Brookes, P.S. and Bates, T.E. 1998. Depression of liver mitochondrial complex II-linked respiration following cooling: beneficial effects of using a prostacyclin analogue during hypothermia. CryoLetters. 19, pp. 71-78.
Assessment of quantitative artificial neural network analysis in a metabolically dynamic ex vivo31p NMR pig liver study
Ala-Korpela, M., Changani, K.K., Hiltunen, Y., Bell, J.D., Fuller, B.J., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Davidson, B.R. 1997. Assessment of quantitative artificial neural network analysis in a metabolically dynamic ex vivo31p NMR pig liver study. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 38 (5), pp. 840-844. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910380522
In vivo and in vitro hepatic 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy of the cirrhotic liver
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Saeed, N., Changani, K.K., Davidson, B.R., Rolles, K., Burroughs, A.K., Hodgson, H.J.F., Foster, C.S. and Cox, I.J. 1997. In vivo and in vitro hepatic 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy of the cirrhotic liver. Liver. 17 (4), pp. 198-209. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1997.tb00806.x
In vivo assessment of metabolic perturbations following alanine and glucagon administration using 31P-MRS in the rat
Changani, K.K., Barnard, M.L., Bell, J.D., Thomas, E.L., Williams, S.C.R., Bloom, S.R. and Iles, R.A. 1997. In vivo assessment of metabolic perturbations following alanine and glucagon administration using 31P-MRS in the rat. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1335 (3), pp. 290-304. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(96)00148-1
Noninvasive characterization of neonatal adipose tissue by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Thomas, E.L., Hanrahan, J.D., Ala-Korpela, M., Jenkinson, G., Azzopardi, D., Iles, R.A. and Bell, J.D. 1997. Noninvasive characterization of neonatal adipose tissue by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lipids. 32 (6), pp. 645-651. doi:10.1007/s11745-997-0082-4
Evidence for distinct behaviour of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin at the low density lipoprotein surface
Murphy, H.C., Ala-Korpela, M., White, J.J., Raoof, A., Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L., Burns, S.P. and Iles, R.A. 1997. Evidence for distinct behaviour of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin at the low density lipoprotein surface. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (3), pp. 733-737. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6634
Non-invasive assessment of ATP regeneration potential of the preserved donor liver
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bryant, D.J., Bell, J.D., Ala-Korpela, M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Moore, D.P. and Davidson, B.R. 1997. Non-invasive assessment of ATP regeneration potential of the preserved donor liver. Journal of Hepatology. 26 (2), pp. 336-342. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(97)80050-5
The application of NMR spectroscopy to the study of apoptosis
Bhakoo, K.K. and Bell, J.D. 1997. The application of NMR spectroscopy to the study of apoptosis. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 43 (5), pp. 621-629.
Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study
Thomas, E.L., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Barnard, M.L., Frost, G.S., Sargentoni, J., Davidson, B.R., Cunnane, S.C. and Bell, J.D. 1997. Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study. Hepatology. 25 (1), pp. 178-183. doi:10.1002/hep.510250133
Metabolic changes associated with vacuolation in murine models of scrapie using in vitro 1H-NMR spectroscopy
Chung, Y.L., Williams, A., Chong, A., Hope, J., Williams, S.C.R. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Metabolic changes associated with vacuolation in murine models of scrapie using in vitro 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR in Biomedicine. 9 (8), pp. 359-363. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199612)9:8<359::AID-NBM428>3.0.CO;2-D
Hepatic nucleotide triphosphate regeneration following a period of brief hypothermic reperfusion in the pig model: an in vitro 31P-NMR study
Changani, K.K., Fuller, B.J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J., Moore, D.P., Taylor-Robinson, S.D. and Davidson, B.R. 1996. Hepatic nucleotide triphosphate regeneration following a period of brief hypothermic reperfusion in the pig model: an in vitro 31P-NMR study. Transplantation. 62 (6), pp. 787-793.
Characterisation of secondary metabolites associated with neutrophil apoptosis
Nunn, A.V.W., Barnard, M.L., Bhakoo, K.K., Murray, J., Chilvers, E.J. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Characterisation of secondary metabolites associated with neutrophil apoptosis. FEBS Letters. 392 (3), pp. 295-298. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00839-3
Effects of n-3 fatty acids on the NMR profile of plasma lipoproteins
Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L., Parkes, H.G., Thomas, E.L., Brennan, C.H., Cunnane, S.C. and Dagnelie, P.C. 1996. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on the NMR profile of plasma lipoproteins. The Journal of Lipid Research. 37 (8), pp. 1664-1674.
Automated feature extraction for the classification of human in vivo13C NMR spectra using statistical pattern recognition and wavelets
Tate, A.R., Watson, D., Eglen, S., Arvanitis, T.N., Thomas, E.L. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Automated feature extraction for the classification of human in vivo13C NMR spectra using statistical pattern recognition and wavelets. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 35 (6), pp. 834-840. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910350608
Development of a rapid and efficient magnetic resonance imaging technique for analysis of body fat distribution
Barnard, M.L., Schwieso, J.E., Thomas, E.L., Bell, J.D., Saeed, N., Frost, G.S., Bloom, S.R. and Hajnal, J.V. 1996. Development of a rapid and efficient magnetic resonance imaging technique for analysis of body fat distribution. NMR in Biomedicine. 9 (4), pp. 156-164. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199606)9:4<156::AID-NBM412>3.0.CO;2-B
Cerebral metabolism within 18 hours of birth asphyxia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Hanrahan, J.D., Sargentoni, J., Azzopardi, D., Manji, K., Cowan, F.M., Rutherford, M.A., Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J. and Edwards, A.D. 1996. Cerebral metabolism within 18 hours of birth asphyxia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Paediatric Research. 39 (4), pp. 584-590. doi:10.1203/00006450-199604000-00004
Anin vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition
Thomas, E.L., Frost, G.S., Barnard, M.L., Bryant, D.J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Simbrunner, J., Coutts, G.A., Burl, M., Bloom, S.R., Sales, K.D. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Anin vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition. Lipids. 31 (2), pp. 145-151. doi:10.1007/BF02522613
Hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relation to prognostic models
Jalan, R., Sargentoni, J., Coutts, G.A., Bell, J.D., Rolles, K., Burroughs, A.K. and Taylor-Robinson, S.D. 1996. Hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary biliary cirrhosis and its relation to prognostic models. Gut. 39 (1), pp. 141-146. doi:10.1136/gut.39.1.141
Body fluid spectroscopic studies
Bell, J.D. and Sadler, P.J. 1996. Body fluid spectroscopic studies. in: Grant, D.M. and Harris, R.K. (ed.) Encyclopedia of nuclear magnetic resonance Chichester Wiley.
Dietary changes: observation by NMR spectroscopy
Bell, J.D. and Barnard, M.L. 1996. Dietary changes: observation by NMR spectroscopy. in: Grant, D.M. and Harris, R.K. (ed.) Encyclopedia of nuclear magnetic resonance Chichester Wiley.
Artificial neural network analysis of 1H NMR spectroscopic data from human plasma
Ala-Korpela, M., Hiltunen, Y. and Bell, J.D. 1996. Artificial neural network analysis of 1H NMR spectroscopic data from human plasma. Anticancer Research. 16 (3B), pp. 1473-1478.
Cirrhosis of the human liver: an in vitro 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Thomas, E.L., Sargentoni, J., Marcus, C.D., Davidson, B.R. and Bell, J.D. 1995. Cirrhosis of the human liver: an in vitro 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Molecular Basis of Disease. 1272 (2), pp. 113-118. doi:10.1016/0925-4439(95)00074-E
Quantification of biomedical NMR data using artificial neural network analysis: lipoprotein lipid profiles from 1H NMR data of human plasma
Ala-Korpela, M., Hiltunen, Y. and Bell, J.D. 1995. Quantification of biomedical NMR data using artificial neural network analysis: lipoprotein lipid profiles from 1H NMR data of human plasma. NMR in Biomedicine. 8 (6), pp. 235-244. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940080603
MRI assessment of the blood-brain barrier in a hamster model of scrapie
Chung, Y.L., Williams, A., Beech, J.S., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J. and Hope, J. 1995. MRI assessment of the blood-brain barrier in a hamster model of scrapie. Neurodegeneration. 4 (2), pp. 203-207. doi:10.1006/neur.1995.0025
Effect of functional grade and etiology on in vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cirrhosis: Biochemical basis of spectral appearances
Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Bryant, D.J., Coutts, G.A., Rolles, K., Burroughs, A.K. and Morgan, M.Y. 1995. Effect of functional grade and etiology on in vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cirrhosis: Biochemical basis of spectral appearances. Hepatology. 21 (2), pp. 417-427. doi:10.1002/hep.1840210224
Cerebral 31P MRS in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Bell, J.D., Sargentoni, J., Bryant, D.J., Mallalieu, R.J. and Morgan, M.Y. 1995. Cerebral 31P MRS in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. in: Capocaccia, L., Merli, M. and Riggio, O. (ed.) Advances in hepatic encephalopathy and metabolic nitrogen exchange Hants CRC Press.
Cerebral Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Sargentoni, J., Mallalieu, R.J., Bell, J.D., Bryant, D.J., Coutts, G.A. and Morgan, M.Y. 1994. Cerebral Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. 20 (5), pp. 1173-1178. doi:10.1002/hep.1840200511
Utilization of uniformly labeled 13C-polyunsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol accumulating in the neonatal rat brain
Cunnane, S.C., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D., Brookes, S., Craig, K., Iles, R.A. and Crawford, M.A. 1994. Utilization of uniformly labeled 13C-polyunsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol accumulating in the neonatal rat brain. Journal of Neurochemistry. 62 (6), pp. 2429-2436. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062429.x
Effect of fish oil on cancer cachexia and host liver metabolism in rats with prostate tumours
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Williams, S.C.R., Bates, T.E., Abel, P.D. and Foster, C.S. 1994. Effect of fish oil on cancer cachexia and host liver metabolism in rats with prostate tumours. Lipids. 29 (3), pp. 195-203. doi:10.1007/BF02536729
NMR studies of body fluids and tissue extracts
Bell, J.D., Preece, N.E. and Parkes, H.G. 1994. NMR studies of body fluids and tissue extracts. in: Gillies, R. (ed.) Nuclear magnetic resonance in physiology and biomedicine Oxford Pergamon.
In vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral halothane in postoperative patients: preliminary results
Menon, D.K., Lockwood, G.G., Peden, C.J., Cox, I.J., Sargentoni, J., Bell, J.D., Coutts, G.A. and Whitwam, J.G. 1993. In vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral halothane in postoperative patients: preliminary results. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 30 (6), pp. 680-684. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910300605
A 31P and 1H NMR investigation in vitro of normal and abnormal human liver
Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Sargentoni, J., Peden, C.J., Menon, D.K., Foster, C.S., Watanapa, P., Iles, R.A. and Urenjak, J. 1993. A 31P and 1H NMR investigation in vitro of normal and abnormal human liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1225 (1), pp. 71-77.
Altered phosphorylation status, phospholipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the host liver of rats with prostate cancer: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Williams, S.C.R., Bates, T.E., Abel, P.D. and Foster, C.S. 1993. Altered phosphorylation status, phospholipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the host liver of rats with prostate cancer: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. British Journal of Cancer. 67 (6), pp. 1303-1309. doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.242
The proton NMR spectrum in acute EAE: the significance of the change in the Cho:Cr ratio
Brenner, R.E., Munro, P.M.G., Williams, S.C.R., Bell, J.D., Barker, G.J., Landon, D.N., Hawkins, C.P. and McDonald, W.I. 1993. The proton NMR spectrum in acute EAE: the significance of the change in the Cho:Cr ratio. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 29 (6), pp. 737-745. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910290605
Effects of fish oil on phospholipid metabolism in human and rat liver studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Coutts, G.A. and Williams, S.C.R. 1993. Effects of fish oil on phospholipid metabolism in human and rat liver studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro. NMR in Biomedicine. 6 (2), pp. 157-162. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940060209
Potential of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for studies of N- fatty acid metabolism in plasma, liver and adipose tissues
Dagnelie, P.C., Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L. and Williams, S.C.R. 1993. Potential of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for studies of N- fatty acid metabolism in plasma, liver and adipose tissues. in: Drevon, A., Baksaas, I. and Krokan, H.E. (ed.) Omega-3 fatty acids: metabolism and biological effects Basel, Switzerland Birkhauser Verlag. pp. 27-34
In vivo fatty acid analysis in humans and animals using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Cunnane, S.C., Allman, T., Bell, J.D., Barnard, M.L., Coutts, G.A., Williams, S.C.R. and Iles, R.A. 1993. In vivo fatty acid analysis in humans and animals using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Basic Life Sciences. 60, pp. 355-358. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1268-8_83
NMR: a clinical approach
Bell, J.D. and Sadler, P.J. 1993. NMR: a clinical approach. Chemistry in Britain. 29, pp. 597-600.
Detection of aluminium (III) binding to citrate in human blood plasma by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Bell, J.D., Kubal, G., Radulovic, S., Sadler, P.J. and Tucker, A. 1993. Detection of aluminium (III) binding to citrate in human blood plasma by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Analyst. 118, pp. 241-244. doi:10.1039/AN9931800241
Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human liver using chemical shift imaging techniques
Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Bryant, D.J., Collins, A.G., Coutts, G.A., Iles, R.A., Bell, J.D., Benjamin, I.S., Gilbey, S., Hodgson, H.J.F. and Morgan, M.Y. 1992. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human liver using chemical shift imaging techniques. Journal of Hepatology. 14 (2-3), pp. 265-275. doi:10.1016/0168-8278(92)90169-P
Effect of l-alanine infusion on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of normal human liver: towards biochemical pathology in vivo
Dagnelie, P.C., Menon, D.K., Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Sargentoni, J., Coutts, G.A., Urenjak, J. and Iles, R.A. 1992. Effect of l-alanine infusion on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of normal human liver: towards biochemical pathology in vivo. Clinical Science: an international journal of translational science and medicine. 83, pp. 183-190. doi:10.1042/cs0830183
In vivo and in vitro31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal hepatic malignancies
Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Peden, C.J., Iles, R.A., Foster, C.S., Watanapa, P. and Williamson, R.C.N. 1992. In vivo and in vitro31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal hepatic malignancies. NMR in Biomedicine. 5 (3), pp. 114-120. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940050303
MRS characterisation of tissue and body fluids
Bell, J.D. 1992. MRS characterisation of tissue and body fluids. in: Textbook of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biology and medicine: functional and pathological tissue characterisation Oxford Pergamon.
In vivo detection of metabolic changes in a mouse model of scrapie using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Williams, S.C.R., Belton, P.S., McConnell, I. and Hope, J. 1991. In vivo detection of metabolic changes in a mouse model of scrapie using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of General Virology. 72 (10), pp. 2419-2423. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-10-2419
Aluminium speciation: NMR studies of blood plasma, transferrin and citrate complexes
Bell, J.D., Evans, R.W., Kiang, W., Kubal, G., Radulovic, S., Sadler, P.J. and Williams, G. 1991. Aluminium speciation: NMR studies of blood plasma, transferrin and citrate complexes. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 43 (2-3), p. 488. doi:10.1016/0162-0134(91)84467-N
Metabolites in the developing rat liver: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study
Rafter, J.E.M., Bates, T.E., Bell, J.D. and Iles, R.A. 1991. Metabolites in the developing rat liver: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1074 (2), pp. 263-269. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(91)90162-A
Approaches to editing, assignment and interpretation of proton spectra
Gadian, D.G., Bates, T.E., Williams, S.R., Bell, J.D., Austin, S.J. and Connelly, A. 1991. Approaches to editing, assignment and interpretation of proton spectra. NMR in Biomedicine. 4 (2), pp. 85-89. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940040210
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronic renal failure
Menon, D.K., Cassidy, M.J.D., Baudouin, C., Sandford, R.N., Bell, J.D. and Sargentoni, J. 1991. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronic renal failure. The Lancet. 337 (8735), pp. 244-245. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)92217-P
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of blood plasma and urine from subjects with chronic renal failure: identification of trimethylamine-N-oxide
Bell, J.D., Lee, J.D., Lee, H.A., Sadler, P.J., Wilkie, D.R. and Woodham, R.H. 1991. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of blood plasma and urine from subjects with chronic renal failure: identification of trimethylamine-N-oxide. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: general subjects. 1096 (2), pp. 101-107. doi:10.1016/0925-4439(91)90046-C
Proton MR spectroscopy in herpes simplex encephalitis: assessment of neuronal loss
Menon, D.K., Sargentoni, J., Peden, C.J., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Coutts, G.A., Baudouin, C. and Newman, C.G.H. 1990. Proton MR spectroscopy in herpes simplex encephalitis: assessment of neuronal loss. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 14 (3), pp. 449-452.
31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human paediatric liver
Iles, R.A., Cox, I.J., Bell, J.D., Dubowitz, L.M.S., Cowan, F.M. and Bryant, D.J. 1990. 31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human paediatric liver. NMR in Biomedicine. 3 (2), pp. 90-94. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940030207
NMR studies of drug metabolism and disposition
Bell, J.D., Gadian, D.G. and Preece, N.E. 1990. NMR studies of drug metabolism and disposition. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 15 (2), pp. 127-133. doi:10.1007/BF03190195
Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in infants
Peden, C.J., Cowan, F.M., Bryant, D.J., Sargentoni, J., Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Gadian, D.G., Bell, J.D. and Dubowitz, L.M.S. 1990. Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in infants. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 14 (6), pp. 886-894.
Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies
Gill, S.S., Thomas, D.G.T., van Bruggen, N., Gadian, D.G., Peden, C.J., Bell, J.D., Cox, I.J., Menon, D.K., Iles, R.A., Bryant, D.J. and Coutts, G.A. 1990. Proton MR spectroscopy of intracranial tumours: in vivo and in vitro studies. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 14 (4), pp. 497-502.
NMR studies of body fluids
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. NMR studies of body fluids. NMR in Biomedicine. 2 (5-6), pp. 246-256. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940020513
1H NMR study of cerebral development in the rat
Bates, T.E., Williams, S.R., Gadian, D.G., Bell, J.D., Small, R.K. and Iles, R.A. 1989. 1H NMR study of cerebral development in the rat. NMR in Biomedicine. 2 (5-6), pp. 225-229. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940020509
Non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma or serum from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Grootveld, M., Bell, J.D., Halliwell, B., Aruoma, O.I., Bomford, A. and Sadler, P.J. 1989. Non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma or serum from patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (8), pp. 4417-4422.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of body fluids: an overview
Bell, J.D. 1989. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of body fluids: an overview. in: de Certaines, J.D. (ed.) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biofluids: a new tool in clinical biology London, U.K. World Scientific Publishing.
NMR-invisible lactate in blood plasma
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Kubal, G. and Sadler, P.J. 1988. NMR-invisible lactate in blood plasma. FEBS Letters. 235 (1-2), pp. 81-86. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)81238-9
Factors affecting 1h NMR spectra of blood plasma: cancer, diet and freezing
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Norman, R.E., Sadler, P.J. and Newell, D.R. 1988. Factors affecting 1h NMR spectra of blood plasma: cancer, diet and freezing. NMR in Biomedicine. 1 (2), pp. 90-94. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940010206
Metabolic profiling of body fluids by proton NMR: self-poisoning episodes with paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Bales, J.R., Bell, J.D., Nicholson, J.K., Sadler, P.J., Timbrell, J.A., Hughes, R.D., Bennett, P.N. and Williams, R. 1988. Metabolic profiling of body fluids by proton NMR: self-poisoning episodes with paracetamol (acetaminophen). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 6 (3), pp. 300-306. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910060308
NMR Spectroscopy of body fluids
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C. and Sadler, P.J. 1988. NMR Spectroscopy of body fluids. Chemistry in Britain. 24, pp. 1021-1024.
Coordination chemistry in biological media: reactions of antitumor Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes with cell culture media
Bell, J.D., Norman, R.E. and Sadler, P.J. 1987. Coordination chemistry in biological media: reactions of antitumor Pt(II) and Au(III) complexes with cell culture media. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 31 (4), pp. 241-246. doi:10.1016/0162-0134(87)80078-8
1H NMR studies of human blood plasma assignment of resonances for lipoproteins
Bell, J.D., Sadler, P.J., MacLeod, A.F., Turner, P.R. and La Ville, A. 1987. 1H NMR studies of human blood plasma assignment of resonances for lipoproteins. FEBS Letters. 219 (1), pp. 239-243. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81224-3
Assignment of resonances for ‘acute-phase’ glycoproteins in high resolution proton NMR spectra of human blood plasma
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Nicholson, J.K. and Sadler, P.J. 1987. Assignment of resonances for ‘acute-phase’ glycoproteins in high resolution proton NMR spectra of human blood plasma. FEBS Letters. 215 (2), pp. 311-315. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80168-0
High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human cerebrospinal fluid
Bell, J.D., Brown, J.C.C., Sadler, P.J., MacLeod, A.F., Sönksen, P.H., Hughes, R.D. and Williams, R. 1987. High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical Science: an international journal of translational science and medicine. 72, pp. 563-570. doi:10.1042/cs0720563
1H NMR studies of urine during fasting: excretion of ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine
Bales, J.R., Bell, J.D., Nicholson, J.K. and Sadler, P.J. 1986. 1H NMR studies of urine during fasting: excretion of ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 3 (6), pp. 849-856. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910030605
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Tornadoes strafe Kansas City area in latest spasm of storms
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — A vicious storm tore through the Kansas City area, spawning tornadoes that downed trees and power lines, damaged homes and injured at least a dozen people in the latest barrage of severe weather that saw tornado warnings as far east as New York City.
Parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey also were under tornado warnings hours after a swarm of tightly packed twisters swept through Indiana and Ohio overnight, smashing homes, blowing out windows and ending the school year early for some students because of damage to buildings. One person was killed and at least 130 were injured.
The storms in Kansas City Tuesday were the 12th straight day that at least eight tornadoes were reported to the National Weather Service.
After several quiet years, the past couple of weeks have seen an explosion of tornado activity with no end to the pattern in sight.
A large and dangerous tornado touched down on the western edge of Kansas City, Kansas, late Tuesday, the National Weather Service office reported. At least a dozen people were admitted to the hospital in Lawrence, 40 miles (64 kilometers) west of downtown Kansas City, Missouri, and home to the University of Kansas, hospital spokesman Janice Early said. Damage also was reported in the towns of Linwood, Bonner Springs and Pleasant Grove in Kansas.
But the Kansas City metropolitan area of about 2.1 million people appeared to have been spared the direct hit that was feared earlier in the evening when the weather service announced a tornado emergency.
Mark Duffin, 48, learned from his wife and a television report that the large tornado was headed toward his home in Linwood, about 30 miles (48 kilometers) west of Kansas City.
The next thing he knew, the walls of his house were coming down.
Duffin told the Kansas City Star that he grabbed a mattress, followed his 13-year-old to the basement and protected the two of them with the mattress as the home crashed down around them.
“I’m just glad I found my two dogs alive,” he said. “Wife’s alive, family’s alive, I’m alive. So, that’s it.”
The severe weather wasn’t limited to the Midwest. Tornadoes were confirmed in eastern Pennsylvania and the National Weather Service issued a tornado warning for parts of New York City and northern New Jersey.
The winds peeled away roofs — leaving homes looking like giant dollhouses — knocked houses off their foundations, toppled trees, brought down power lines and churned up so much debris that it was visible on radar. Highway crews had to use snowplows to clear an Ohio interstate.
Some of the heaviest damage was reported just outside Dayton, Ohio.
“I just got down on all fours and covered my head with my hands,” said Francis Dutmers, who with his wife headed for the basement of their home in Vandalia, about 10 miles (16 kilometers) outside Dayton, when the storm hit with a “very loud roar” Monday night. The winds blew out windows around his house, filled rooms with debris and took down most of his trees.
Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine declared a state of emergency in three hard-hit counties, allowing the state to suspend normal purchasing procedures and quickly provide supplies like generators and water.
Monday marked the record-tying 11th straight day with at least eight tornadoes in the U.S., said Patrick Marsh, a Storm Prediction Center meteorologist. The last such stretch was in 1980. The weather service website showed at least 27 reports of tornadoes on Tuesday, most in Kansas and Missouri but also in Pennsylvania and Illinois.
Outbreaks of 50 or more tornadoes are not uncommon, having happened 63 times in U.S. history, with three instances of more than 100 twisters, Marsh said. But Monday’s swarm was unusual because it happened over a particularly wide geographic area and came amid an especially active stretch, he said.
As for why it’s happening, Marsh said high pressure over the Southeast and an unusually cold trough over the Rockies are forcing warm, moist air into the central U.S., triggering repeated severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. And neither system is showing signs of moving, he said.
Scientists say climate change is responsible for more intense and more frequent extreme weather such as storms, droughts, floods and fires, but without extensive study they cannot directly link a single weather event to the changing climate.
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Fort Drum Commemorates 25th Anniversary Of Somalia Battle
Photo Credit - John Moore / Getty Images
FORT DRUM, N.Y. (AP) — Soldiers at Fort Drum and veterans of the battle depicted in the film "Blackhawk Down" are commemorating the engagement's 25th anniversary.
Officials with the 10th Mountain Division say three days of events starting Wednesday will honor the veterans of the Battle of Mogadishu and the 18 American soldiers who were killed in Somalia 25 years ago this week.
The battle began Oct. 3, 1993, when two Blackhawk helicopters were shot down as Army Rangers and Delta Force teams conducted raids to capture Somali warlords who controlled food sources meant for starving civilians.
A soldier in the 10th Mountain Division, Pfc. James Martin, was among the U.S. soldiers killed.
This week's events include a screening of a documentary film about the battle and a panel discussion on the battle with Mogadishu veterans.
Filed Under: 10th mountain division, fort drum
Categories: Associated Press, New York News
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Tag: Gender gap
Diversifying Wikipedia for the Festival of Creative Learning 2019
Wikipedia is the 5th most visited website in the world and is an important first stop when looking up any topic – it is truly an incredible resource. But its power can be dangerous. It lacks diversity both in its editorship and its articles. This means that its systemic biases can have a large impact on the way we think. Wikipedia, like most mainstream publishing and media, is very disproportionately white and male. However, unlike traditional information resources, Wikipedia’s users can have a direct positive impact on its content. This is why Information Services held a Diversithon event for the Festival of Creative Learning on the afternoon of 20th February 2019:
“To increase the diversity of voices, genders, and cultures among its contributors and editors, the Wikimedia Foundation has made it a strategic goal to recruit and foster more women, people of colour, and other underrepresented individuals—including LGBT+ populations… the Wikimedia Foundation recognizes that the majority of its Wikipedia contributors and editors are disproportionately male, under 22 years old, and (most likely white and straight) from “the Global North”. They also admit that Wikipedia’s coverage is skewed toward the interests, expertise, and language skills of the people who created it…”— Wexelbaum, Herzog, & Rasberry, “Queering Wikipedia” (2015).
The Diversithon was a Wikipedia editing event held in a social and supportive setting to celebrate diversity for LGBT+ History Month 2019 and Black History Month.
This event trained its attendees in the skills required to contribute to and improve Wikipedia – a useful skill for anyone to have – and focused on creating new articles to include notable Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic professionals; LGBT+ professionals; as well as continuing our work to address the systemic gender gap on Wikipedia where only 17.83% of biographies are about notable women.
The Diversithon in a nutshell:
12 new articles were created.
2 more were drafted.
28 articles were edited.
249 edits in total.
15 editors.
9,530 words added.
9,190 articles views.
Our co-hosts for the event, the student support group Wellcomm Kings, kicked off the event.
Rosie Taylor, Wellcomm Kings convenor and Biological Sciences student, kicks off the Diversithon.
Rosie Taylor, a Biological Sciences student and Wellcomm Kings convenor, presented on why we hold LGBTHistoryMonth, which she had stated she had orientated herself about using Wikipedia. Rosie discussed the history of the Section 28 and the protests against it. This legislation stated that a local authority “shall not intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with the intention of promoting homosexuality” or “promote the teaching in any maintained school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship”. It was repealed on 21 June 2000 in Scotland by the Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, as one of the first pieces of legislation enacted by the new Scottish Parliament, and on 18 November 2003 in the rest of the United Kingdom. Rosie also provided some context on the Queer Community in Scotland and posed the question as to whether Scotland was indeed ahead of the curve? Homosexuality was, after all, decriminalised 13 years later than in England. She closed by stating there was still a long way to go. Despite the progress being made in some quarters, 1 in 5 LGBT+ people still report to have experienced a hate crime in the past year.
Tom and Henry from the student research project, UncoverEd, tell us what they have discovered about the university’s global alumni.
Tom and Henry from Uncover_Ed presented following Rosie’s talk; outlining the student research project they had been involved in, which focused on surfacing the lives and contributions of the University of Edinburgh’s global alumni. The UncoverED exhibition launched 31 January 2019 in the Crystal Macmillan Building.
From the UncoverEd website:
“UncoverEd is a collaborative and decolonising research project, funded by Edinburgh Global, which aims to situate the ‘global’ status of the University of Edinburgh in its rightful imperial and colonial context. Led by PhD candidates Henry Mitchell and Tom Cunningham, the team of eight student researchers are creating a database of students from Africa, the Caribbean, Asia and the Americas from as early as 1700, and writing social histories of the marginalised student experience. The aim was to produce at least one biography each of a ‘notable’ alumnus, leading up to a website and exhibition in January 2019”.
Roger Bamkin, co-founder of WikiProject Women in Red, was also in attendance and helped support the staff, students and members of the public at our Diversithon to create and improve Wikipedia pages over the course of the afternoon. WikiProject Women in Red is the second most active WikiProject on Wikipedia and its aim is to turn red-linked articles about notable women which don’t yet exist into blue clickable links which do.
“In November 2014, only about 15% of the English Wikipedia’s biographies were about women. Founded in July 2015, WiR strives to improve the figure, which has reached 17.73% as of 18 February 2019. But that means, according to WHGI, only 284,439 of our 1,604,512 biographies are about women. Not impressed? “Content gender gap” is a form of systemic bias, and WiR addresses it in a positive way through shared values.”
The afternoon proved a positive and motivating experience for our attendees and allowed us to make use of Wikipedia’s new PrepBio tool to easily create stub articles from the biographical information stored as structured data in Wikidata. e.g. from the List of missing biographies of nonbinary, trans and intersex people.
Through our combined efforts, over the course of an afternoon, the following pages were produced:
Jane Pirie (1779-1833) opened a girl’s school in Edinburgh and was accused of lesbianism with the school’s co-founder Marianne Woods. The story of the court case was the inspiration for Lillian Hellman’s play “The Children’s Hour”.
Lisa Middleton is the 1st transgender person to be elected in California for a nonjudicial position. Lisa was included in the 2016 Pride Honors Awards recipients from Palm Springs Pride with the Spirit of Stonewall Community Service Award.
Xheni Karaj is a LGBT rights activist and co-founder of the Aleanca LGBT organization. Xheni, together with Kristi Pinderi, were among the first activists to launch the LGBT rights movement in Albania. Translated from Albanian Wikipedia.
Clara Marguerite Christian (1895-1964), was born in Dominica and was the 1st black woman to study at the University of Edinburgh. Her university experience speaks to the “double jeopardy” of “navigating both race and gender within whiteness”, embodying “the simultaneous invisibility and hyper-visibility” of being a black woman in Edinburgh during the 1910s”.
Jabulani Chen Pereira is a queer South African activist & visual artist. In 2012, Pereira founded Iranti (South African LGBT organisation), a non-governmental organisation focusing queer human rights issues primarily through visual media.
Annette Eick (1909-2010) was a Jewish Lesbian writer. During the 1920s, a liberal time period in the Weimar republic, Eick wrote poems and short stories for lesbian magazines. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, she had to give up on journalism and started working as a nanny. In 1938, she was granted a visum to live in the UK and fled to London after surviving an attack by Nazis on the farm she was staying at during the Reichkristallnacht. Her parents were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp. In London, Eick worked as a nanny and housekeeper and met her partner Getrud Klingel. They moved to Devon, where they opened a nursery and Eick started writing again. Her collection of poems, Immortal Muse, was published in 1984 and turned into a short film called The Immortal Muse by Jules Hussey in 2005. Eick became known to a wider audience through the documentary ‘Paragraph 175’ from 2000, which told the experiences of five gay men and one lesbian woman (Eick) that were prosecuted under the paragraph 175 which criminalised homosexuality.
Elizabeth Kerekere is a scholar, artist & activist within the LGBTQ+ community in New Zealand. Kerekere has been an active member of the Green Party, promoting suicide prevention, anti-violence, healthy relationships and housing for all.
Jessica Platt is a professional hockey player and an advocate for transgender rights. She plays for the Toronto Furies in the Canadian Women’s Hockey League (CWHL) and was the first transgender woman to play in the CWHL.
Cornelia ‘Connie’ Estelle Smith (1875–1970) was a black music-hall entertainer and actress who was a member of the English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre. Appearing in theater and film, she was best known for her performances in All God’s Chillun Got Wings (1946), You Can’t take it With You (1947), Kaiser Jones(1961), and as the sorceress Tituba in Arthur Miller‘s The Crucible.
Gisela Necker (1932-2011) was an early lesbian activist active in Berlin from the 1970s until her death. She was a leading member of Homosexual Action West Berlin (HAW), co-founding its first lesbian group in the early 1970s. She later helped to found the Berlin women’s centre and the Lesbian Action Centre.
Les+ Magazine was started in 2005 by a group of young Chinese lesbians. The slogan of the 1st issue states ‘After the darkness fades away, I’ll be holding ur hand, walking under the sunlight with pride, boldly & happily living our lives!‘.
Lala is a non-derogatory Chinese slang term for lesbian, or a same-sex desiring woman. It is used primarily by the LGBT+ community in mainland China, though the term has origins in the Taiwanese term for lesbian, lazi (Chinese: 拉子).
NEWLY drafted to Wikipedia: Mala Maña is an all-female vocal group from New Mexico, fusing contemporary & folkloric rhythm of the African diasporas with Latin American music. Can you help finish the article so we can publish it?
NEWLY drafted to Wikipedia: Marsha H. Levine is the founder of InterPride, an international organisation for Pride committees. She was Parade Manager of San Francisco Pride from 2000-2018. Can you help finish the article so we can publish?
Diversithon editors at work
If you want to know more about the Diversithon or would like to suggest a Wikipedia event yourself then the Wikimedia residency is a free resource available to staff an students at the university. Message me at ewan.mcandrew@ed.ac.uk
Albanian Wikipedia
Annette Eick
Clara Marguerite Christian
Cornelia 'Connie' Estelle Smith
diversithon
Edinburgh University
Elizabeth Kerekere
FCL19
Festival of Creative Learning
Gisela Necker
Jabulani Chen Pereira
Jane Pirie
jessica platt
Les+ Magazine
LGBT History Month
LGBTHM19
Lillian Hellma
Lisa Middleton
Mala Maña
Marsha H. Levine
Paragraph 175
PrepBio
queering wikipedia
roger bamkin
The Children's Hour
The Immortal Muse
wellcomm kings
Xheni Karaj
JISC case study – Wikimedia in the curriculum
Addressing the challenges of digital and information literacy, digital scholarship and open knowledge at the University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh is the first university in the UK to appoint a university-wide Wikimedian in Residence as part of its institutional strategy to develop information and digital literacy skills for staff and students, and contribute to the creation and dissemination of open knowledge.
The role of the Wikimedian in Residence is to work with course teams and students across the University, to demonstrate how learning to contribute to Wikipedia can enhance staff and students’ understanding of how knowledge is constructed, curated and contested online. Editing Wikipedia also provides valuable opportunities for students to develop their digital research and communication skills, and enables them to make a lasting contribution to the global pool of open knowledge.
The residency also focuses on redressing the gender balance of Wikipedia articles and has been hugely successful in encouraging more women to become Wikipedia editors.
A growing number of courses at undergraduate and Masters level have successfully incorporated Wikipedia editing activities in the curriculum, and student societies have also developed their own Wikipedia projects. The University is also engaging with Wikipedia’s newest sister project, Wikidata, in the context of the growing importance of data literacy and open data initiatives.
A number of other UK universities are learning from the Edinburgh experience, and are developing their own projects with Wikimedia UK, the UK chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation.
A strategy for digital and information literacy
Wikimedia UK is the UK chapter of the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, which supports a range of open knowledge projects, of which Wikipedia is the best known. Wikimedia UK fosters engagement with these projects through the placement of Wikimedians in Residence within institutions in the education and cultural sectors.
Having seen the potential of the Wikimedian in Residence model, Melissa Highton, Director of Learning, Teaching and Web Services at the University of Edinburgh, identified how such a placement could help improve information literacy and digital skills at the University.
An initial Wikipedia editathon, a facilitated event that brings people together to edit the encyclopaedia, was held at the University in 2015, on the topic of women, science and Scottish history. This editathon was independently evaluated by Professor Alison Littlejohn of the Open University, in order to establish its impact and explore the value of collaboration with Wikimedia UK. Professor Littlejohn found that both formal and informal learning and knowledge creation took place at the editathon. In two research papers,[i],[ii]she analysed the formation of networks of practice and social capital through participation in editathons, with sufficient momentum generated to sustain engagement after the event itself, and participants valuing it as an important part of their professional development. She also found that, in becoming an active Wikipedia editor, participants engaged in important discussions about how knowledge is created, curated and contested online, and the positive impact that Wikipedia can have in sharing knowledge and addressing knowledge gaps.
As a research-based institution, this evidence of the benefits of engaging with Wikipedia helped to make the business case for integrating Wikipedia editing as part of the University of Edinburgh’s information literacy and digital skills strategy. The following year, the University appointed a new Wikimedian in Residence, Ewan McAndrew. This was the first residency in the UK with a remit to work right across a university, rather than within a specific area such as a library. Based in the Digital Skills team within the University’s Information Services Group, the Wikimedian in Residence provides a centrally supported service accessible to all staff across the institution. Initially a one-year, part-time appointment, the residency focused on helping colleagues to make connections between their teaching and research and the Wikimedia projects, in order to explore areas of mutual benefit. As a result of the positive response to this service, the Wikimedian in Residence has since become a full-time permanent post.
In addition to providing educational opportunities, the residency supports a number of key institutional missions, including open knowledge and open science; the Scottish Government initiative on creating a data literate workforce; commitments on gender equality including the Athena SWAN (Scientific Women’s Academic Network) charter; and public and community engagement. The residency provides opportunities for the University to expand its civic mission, through new forms of collaboration with city-wide and Scottish national bodies.
Wikimedia in the Curriculum
Wikipedia is integrated into the curriculum at the University of Edinburgh by engaging students in the creation of original Wikipedia articles, on topics that are not currently covered by the encyclopaedia. These included articles of particular relevance to Scotland, e.g. Scottish women in STEM, often created in collaboration with local external partners, and those of more general interest. Students are provided with training on how to edit Wikipedia and how to undertake relevant research, enabling them to write informed articles that are fully and accurately referenced. Writing articles that will be publicly accessible and live on after the end of their assignment has proved to be highly motivating for students, and provides an incentive for them to think more deeply about their research. It encourages them to ensure they are synthesising all the reliable information available, and to think about how they can communicate their scholarship to a general audience. Students can see that their contribution will benefit the huge audience that consults Wikipedia, plugging gaps in coverage, and bringing to light hidden histories, significant figures, and important concepts and ideas. This makes for a valuable and inspiring teaching and learning experience, that enhances the digital literacy, research and communication skills of both staff and students.
Wikimedia curriculum assignments supported by the Wikimedian in Residence have now been incorporated into a number of different disciplines including:
Reproductive Biology Honours
Online History MSc
Data Science for Design MSc
Global Health Masters courses
Intellectual Humility MOOC
Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice.
Discussions are also underway to incorporate Wikipedia editing into the curriculum for postgraduate and undergraduate students at the School of Law, and into Masters courses in Digital Society, Psychology in Action, and Digital Education.
Supporting Equality and Diversity
Another significant remit of the University of Edinburgh’s Wikimedia residency has been to support the institution’s commitment to Athena SWAN. Many of the editathons facilitated by the Wikimedian in Residence focus on addressing the under-representation of women on Wikipedia and encouraging more women to become editors. A 2011 survey[3]showed that around 90% of English language Wikipedia editors were male. Since then Wikimedia has made a concerted effort to improve the gender diversity of its community, however women editors are still a minority. In contrast, 69% of participants at University of Edinburgh editathons are women.
These events also help to address the fact that only 17.73% of English Wikipedia biographies are about notable women[4]. To help combat this systemic bias, a range of editathons have focused on women in science and Scottish history, history of medicine, history of veterinary medicine, history of nursing, women in espionage, women and religion, art and feminism, women in STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), reproductive biology, Gothic literature, and celebrations of Ada Lovelace Day.
Promoting Data Literacy with Wikidata
In line with new open data initiatives supported by government and research councils, there has been growing interest in working other Wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks and Wikidata. The University of Edinburgh has recently been awarded additional public funding to lead the development of a data-literate workforce of the future over the next ten years, equipping them with the data skills necessary to meet the needs of Scotland’s growing digital economy, and helping the city of Edinburgh to become an international centre for data-driven innovation. In order to support this initiative, the University has been exploring the introduction of Wikidata activities in the curriculum.
This provides students with an opportunity to:
Engage with issues of data completeness, data processing and analysis, and data ethics.
Learn to make practical use of a large range of tools and data visualisation techniques.
Work with linked open data on the semantic web, across disciplines ranging from science to digital humanities and cultural heritage.
Initial curriculum activities have focused on converting existing datasets from the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft (1563–1736) database into structured, machine-readable open data and adding it to Wikidata. This data is then enriched by linking it with other complementary datasets in Wikidata to help build up a semantic open web of knowledge.
Student reaction: formal and informal learning
“It’s a really good exercise in critical thinking … It’s a motivating thing to do to use the knowledge you’ve learnt, to see how it is relevant to the real world and to contribute … Knowing people are finding the article useful is really gratifying.” – University of Edinburgh Reproductive Biology student, Áine Kavanagh, reflecting on a Wikipedia editing exercise
Wikipedia belongs in education.
The vast majority of students have reacted extremely positively to engaging with Wikimedia, seeing it as enjoyable and with the added reward of contributing to the common good. Most students quickly become technically adept at using the new Wikipedia Visual Editor interface, which they described as making editing ‘super easy’, ‘fun’, ‘really intuitive’ and ‘addictive as hell’. A few felt that Wikipedia editing wasn’t for them, but they too benefited from greater understanding of how knowledge is constructed online, and are now well placed to make informed choices about whether or not to actively contribute to its creation in the future.
Reproductive Biology students who took part in an assignment writing Wikipedia articles for previously unpublished medical terms found it provided valuable training in communicating scientific ideas to a lay audience, something they will have to do in their professional careers. One student wrote an article on high-grade serous carcinoma, one of the most serious and deadly forms of ovarian cancer; this addressed a significant knowledge gap on the encyclopaedia using high-quality scholarly research communicated in non-specialist terms. The high-grade serous carcinoma article, which has now been viewed over 50,000 times, represents a perceptible and lasting contribution to the common good. At the same time, the article has contributed to the student’s professional development, and become a source of lasting satisfaction for them.
The Wikimedia residency has also had a significant impact on students outwith the curriculum. Several student societies, including History, Women in STEM, Law and Technology, Translation, and International Development, have seen the potential for Wikipedia editing to enhance their activities, and have approached the Wikimedian in Residence for help, support and training. The student History Society held an editathon as part of its programme of activities for Black History Month, adding entries for notable black women not previously represented on Wikipedia. A key motivator for History Society students was contributing to public understanding of history by improving the coverage of under-represented areas such as social history, women’s history, the history of people of colour, and queer history.
Meanwhile the Law and Technology Society ran a Wikipedia editathon focused on improving coverage of technology law and intellectual property rights. The success of this editathon led to discussions with course leaders at the School of Law, initiated by students themselves, about including Wikipedia editing in the course curriculum as a collaborative exercise involving undergraduate and postgraduate students researching and editing topics related to Scottish law for a lay audience.
Digital skills development
Digital skills that the collaboration between the University of Edinburgh and Wikimedia UK has helped to develop include:
Critical information literacy
Academic writing and referencing
Course leaders experience
Course leaders who have engaged with the University’s Wikipedia in the Curriculum initiatives have found the exercise to be popular with students and successful in achieving desired learning outcomes. Students learn valuable research and communication skills that contribute to their learning and help prepare them for future careers. In addition, they are better able to evaluate the quality of Wikipedia articles and the veracity of information they encounter online.
Wikipedia assignments are not presented as an additional overhead for already time-poor course leaders, but rather as an approach that can be used to enhance learning outcomes where they are not being meaningfully achieved by existing course elements. This has been an important factor in encouraging uptake. For example, the MSc in World Christianity, introduced a successful Wikipedia assignment in place of an existing oral assessment.
Several courses have now run Wikipedia assignments over successive years and the number of departments involved is expanding, in line with the evolution of course planning, and as awareness of the opportunities grows. For academic staff, in addition to the teaching and learning benefits, engaging with Wikimedia has provided useful insight into the editorial process of how Wikipedia pages are created, and information and knowledge is constructed online.
Building sustainability
Sustainability and capacity for expansion has been built into the University of Edinburgh’s Wikimedia residency since its inception. By focusing on digital skills development and employing a ‘train the trainers’ approach, the Wikimedian in Residence has been able train a large number of staff and students to support Wikipedia editathons and course assignments. Staff, including learning technologists, digital skills trainers, academic support librarians, digital curators, open educational resource advisors, and deputy directors of IT are now able to lead training across the University.
The Wikimedian in Residence has also developed and curated a wide range of training resources, including:
A lesson plan for how to lead a Wikipedia editing workshop, available to download under open licence from TES (https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/how-to-conduct-wikipedia-editing-training-11548391).
Over 250 open licensed educational videos and tutorials
A growing number of self-directed online tutorials using easy to navigate WordPress SPLOT sites.
The residency is helping the University of Edinburgh to expand and enhance its civic mission, with many opportunities for collaboration with city-wide and Scottish national bodies arising both inside or outside the curriculum. In order to support growing engagement with Wikipedia in Scotland, Wikimedia UK recruited a Scotland Programme Co-ordinator in April 2018. Other Scottish institutions that have employed Wikimedians in Residence include the National Library of Scotland, the Scottish Library & Information Council, Museums Galleries Scotland and, most recently, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Wales, meanwhile, has a permanent National Wikimedian based at the National Library of Wales.
Lessons learned and wider impact
With interest increasing among academic staff and course leaders in exploring how Wikimedia can be incorporated into their curricula, and appreciation growing of the opportunities Wikipedia offers to engage with the creation and dissemination of open knowledge, the University of Edinburgh’s Wikimedia residency, has successfully demonstrated that engaging with Wikipedia and its sister projects can enhance teaching and learning and benefit the institution’s civic mission.
The residency has also shown how the process of editing Wikimedia can be demystified and made accessible and enjoyable for students through a range of activities and events that provide a variety of opportunities for collaboration and sharing good practice, with scaffolded support and training. Activities such as ‘train the trainer’ workshops expand understanding of how to engage with Wikipedia and support colleagues and students to become editors.
Reaction to the residency has been positive among both staff and students, and has increased understanding of the important role Wikipedia, and increasingly Wikidata, can play in Higher Education and in knowledge creation and sharing more generally.
In order to share their expertise, the Wikimedian in Residence is now developing open educational resources for staff and students that explain quickly and easily how and why to engage with Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. Wikipedia training is now embedded in University’s Digital Skills training programme, with introductory ‘How to get started editing Wikipedia’ workshops led by staff within the Digital Skills team. This approach fosters greater sustainability in the longer term, and enables the Wikimedian in Residence to deliver more specialised workshops including:
Introduction to open data with Wikidata
Introduction to Wikisource: The digital hyperlibrary
Sharing research on Wikipedia and Wikidata
Wiki games: Learning through play
Histropedia: The timeline of everything.
The success of the University of Edinburgh residency has helped Wikimedia UK to build new collaborations with education institutions across the UK, and has led the chapter to develop its first Wikipedia in the Classroom publication. This forthcoming booklet of UK case studies will help demonstrate how universities can engage meaningfully with Wikimedia projects, to support their institutional missions and enhance learners’ digital skills. Happily, a growing number of universities across the UK have sought to learn from the Edinburgh experience and have begun exploring their own Wikipedia projects with Wikimedia UK.
Contact: Ewan McAndrew, Wikimedian in Residence at the University of Edinburgh.
Email: ewan.mcandrew@ed.ac.uk
Web: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:University_of_Edinburgh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:University_of_Edinburgh/Two_year_review#Working_collaboratively_and_building_sustainability
[1]Rehm A, Littlejohn A and Rienties B (2017). Does a formal wiki event contribute to the formation of a network of practice? A social capital perspective on the potential for informal learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 26 (3). tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10494820.2017.1324495
[2]LittlejohnA and Hood N (2018). Becoming an online editor: perceived roles and responsibilities of Wikipedia editors. Information Research, 23 (1). informationr.net/ir/23-1/paper784.html
[3]Wikipedia editors study: results from the editor survey, April 2011. wikimedia.org. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Editor_Survey_Report_-_April_2011.pdf
[4]Figure as of 18 February 2019, WikiProject Women In Red, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Women_in_Red
Reproductive Medicine Honours undergraduates at the University of Edinburgh (Own work, CC-BY-SA)
This case study was edited by Lorna M. Campbell, University of Edinburgh, from a case study produced by Jisc in November 2018. Education consultancy Sero HE was commissioned by Jisc to interview Ewan McAndrew, Wikimedian in Residence at the University.
CC BY SA, Jisc, Sero HE, and the University of Edinburgh.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
You can’t be what you can’t see.
Creating new role models on Wikipedia to encourage the next generation of #ImmodestWomen
By Siobhan O’Connor, Dr. Alice White, Dr. Sara Thomas and Ewan McAndrew.
Wikipedia, the free, online, multilingual encyclopaedia is building the largest open knowledge resource in human history. Now aged eighteen years old, its English language version receives over 500 million views per month, from 1.4 billion unique devices, and has over 130,000 active users collaboratively writing and editing millions of articles online. As topics on Wikipedia become more visible on Google, they receive more press coverage and become better known amongst the public.
Yet while English Wikipedia has significant reach and influence as the go-to source of information around the world, it also has significant gaps in its coverage of topics, articles in other languages and the diversity of its editors. Less than 18 per cent of biographies on English Wikipedia are about women, while most editors on the platform are white men.
This disproportionate gap on Wikipedia silences women’s contribution to science which continues their marginalisation in public life, a vicious circle that leads to more women being lost to careers in STEM. This gender imbalance mirrors the 2017 findings of the WISE campaign with women making up just 23% of those in core STEM occupations (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) in the UK and 24% of those working in core STEM industries. Only 17% of physicists worldwide are women and studies have shown that it will take approximately 258 years for equality in physics. The rate of progress is even starker for the fields of computer science (280 years) .
Recent research published earlier this year by Asst. Professor Neil C. Thompson at MIT and Asst. Professor Doug Hanley at the University of Pittsburgh has also evidenced that scientific research is actually shaped by Wikipedia; demonstrating the influence of the free encyclopedia.
“Our research shows that scientists are using Wikipedia and that it is influencing how they write about the science that they are doing… Wikipedia isn’t just a record of what’s going on in science, it’s actually helping to shape science.” – Professor Neil C. Thompson
The randomised controlled trial the researchers undertook evidenced a profound causal impact that, as one of the most accessed websites in the world, incorporating ideas into Wikipedia leads to those ideas being used more in the scientific literature.
Chemistry graduates were asked to create forty-three new Wikipedia entries about topics in chemistry, with half being posted on Wikipedia while the rest were held back. Two years later, the chemistry entries created on Wikipedia had collectively over 2 million views. Analysing the text of publications from fifty high-impact chemistry journals during this period, showed words in the publications were influenced by content from the new Wikipedia entries.
For example, the ‘History of Chemistry’ entry on Wikipedia features over 200 men but only mentions 4 women and is missing notable female chemists such as Nobel Prize winning biochemist Gerty Cori and Professor Jennifer Doudna, a biochemist and one of the pioneers of a new breakthrough genetic engineering technology called CRISPR.
Another example of the gender imbalance can be seen in the entry for ‘Benzene’ on Wikipedia. There are several paragraphs describing many male scientists who tried to discover the structure of this chemical compound in the 1800’s. However, only one single sentence in the same Wikipedia article acknowledges the female scientist, Kathleen Lonsdale, who finally confirmed the structure of benzene in 1929.
Consequently, the Wikipedia community has established numerous initiatives to address this acknowledged systemic gender bias as they are committed to diversity and inclusivity to ensure knowledge equity. One such initiative, “WikiProject Women in Red (WiR)”, aims to crowdsource turning dormant red links for biography articles that do not yet exist into clickable blue ones which do, directing readers to female biographies and works by women on the platform.
New articles recently created by Women in Red volunteer editors from around the world include: Zheng Pingru, a spy whose life inspired a film; Bridget Jones (academic), a pioneer in the field of Caribbean literature studies; and Paquita Sauquillo, a campaigner in defence of democratic freedom. Entries recently improved by Women in Red editors include: Ruth Schmidt, an award winning American geologist; and Wilma Mankiller, an activist and social worker who was the first woman elected as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation.
As a result of targeted Wikipedia editing events, or ‘edit-a-thons’, there are also now entire series of articles for the Edinburgh Seven, the first female students to matriculate at a British university, and the nineteen pioneering women chemists who, in 1904, petitioned the Chemistry Society (later to become the Royal Society of Chemistry) for the admission of women as Fellows of the Society.
Chemistry staff and students c.1899 at the Royal Holloway College, University of London. CC-BY-SA via Wikimedia Commons from Royal Holloway, University of London – RHC PH 201/11 Archives, Royal Holloway, University of London
“These were a group of extraordinary women who had done chemistry to degree and postgraduate level at a time when you couldn’t do that… and they had extraordinary stories and they did extraordinary chemistry.” – Dr. Michael Seery, Director of Teaching at the University of Edinburgh’s School of Chemistry.
Often if articles are not missing entirely, the contributions of women in science are reduced to bit part status as an addendum on the Wikipedia articles of their husbands or male contemporaries. Marie Curie’s Wikipedia article reportedly started out shared with her husband. That was, until someone pointed out that her scientific contributions might just warrant an article of her own. There is also a new article for Scottish physical scientist, Katherine Clerk Maxwell, whose contribution to measurements of gaseous viscosity was recorded by her husband, James, and is associated with his paper “On the Dynamical Theory of Gases”, where he states that Katherine “did all the real work of the kinetic theory” and that she was now “…engaged in other researches. When she is done I will let you know her answer to your inquiry.”
Katherine Clerk Maxwell, 1869. Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons
The achievements of extraordinary pioneering women are recorded in various sources, however no one has chosen to write their stories on Wikipedia. Focused attention in themed editing events means more articles are being created all the time.
Surveys have indicated that only 8.5–16% of Wikipedia editors are female. One particular 2011 survey suggested that on English Wikipedia around 91% of editors were male, and typically formally educated, in white-collar jobs (or students) and living in the Global North. The same survey found that fewer than 1% of editors self-identified as transsexual or transgender.
“if there is a typical Wikipedia editor, he has a college degree, is 30- years-old, is computer savvy but not necessarily a programmer, doesn’t actually spend much time playing games, and lives in US or Europe.”
This means that articles within Wikipedia typically reflect these gender, socioeconomic and cultural biases. Among the findings of the 2016 research article, Women through the glass ceiling: gender asymmetries in Wikipedia, were that women in Wikipedia were more notable than men; that there was linguistic gender bias manifest in family-, gender-, and relationship-related topics being more present in biographies about women; and there was also linguistic gender bias in positive terms being used more frequently in the biographies of men while negative terms appeared more frequently in the biographies of women. The authors also found structural differences in terms of the metadata and hyperlinks, which had consequences for information-seeking activities. Wikipedia is only ever as good as the diversity of editors who engage with it, with many articles reflecting the perspective of white male English speakers in the northern hemisphere, and many of the topics covered reflect the interests of this relatively small group of editors. Wikipedia therefore needs a diverse community of editors to bring a range of perspectives and interests that truly represent human knowledge.
Awareness of this systemic gender bias has prompted the development of a tool called the Concept Replacer which simply highlights the gendered nouns and pronouns in the text of an article and temporarily shows you how a biography article of a notable woman would read if it was written instead as a biography for a man (and vice versa). This easy to use tool is useful for editors and article readers alike in order to help identify instances of unconscious bias at a glance. For instance, exposing why the marital status is included in the first lines about some biographies, and not others.
Wikipedia is also a community that operates with certain expectations and social norms in mind. Sometimes new editors can have a less than positive experience when they are not fully aware of this. As mentioned previously, there are over 130,000 regular contributors to Wikipedia. Of these, only 3,541 are considered ‘very active‘. That’s the population of a small village like Pitlochry in Scotland trying to curate the world’s knowledge.
There is a need to increase both the diversity and number of Wikipedia editors. One way to do that is to run ‘edit-a-thons’ and other facilitated activities that introduces some of the norms and expectations of the online platform while at the same time learning how to technically edit Wikipedia pages and create high quality content.
Edit-a-thons have been running globally for a number of years to facilitate the creation of new profiles of women on Wikipedia. For example, the University of Edinburgh has been hosting Women in STEM Wikipedia editathons on the second Tuesday of October for the last four years to mark Ada Lovelace Day, an international celebration of the achievements of Women in STEM. The Wellcome Library in London has also run women in science edit-a-thons to build new biographies of prominent female chemists, engineers and nurses on Wikipedia. These events have surfaced the achievements a number of notable women online including: Hilda Lyon, who invented the “Lyon Shape”, a streamlined design used for airships and submarines; structural engineer, Faith Wainwright, director of the Arup Group, who led in the structural design of multiple landmark buildings including the American Air Museum and the Tate Modern; Annie Warren Gill, a British nurse who was awarded the Royal Red Cross in recognition of her service during World War I and served as president of the Royal College of Nursing in 1927; Frances Micklethwait MBE, an English research chemist, among the first to study and seek an antidote to mustard gas during the First World War.
Despite this global campaign and investment to encourage more female editors and the creation of content related specifically to women, progress is slow. Since 2014, WikiProject Women in Red’s volunteer editors regularly help create in the region of 1000-2000 new articles every month. As a result, this has increased the proportion of biographies on women from 15% to 17.83% of the total. It has been estimated that it will take until 2050 or later until gender parity is achieved on Wikipedia.
Tackling this bias online requires collective responsibility. A number of actions at an individual, organisational and national level can be taken to bring about positive change.
“Women in STEM are under-represented and maybe the lack of role models is one reason why. Also biographies of women in STEM on Wikipedia are much fewer than they should be and maybe if we can change that, we can change the way future generations look at science and technology as a career path”
Athina Frantzana, PhD candidate at the University of Edinburgh’s School of Physics & Astronomy.
Firstly, those of all genders everywhere could commit time and energy to becoming dedicated Wikipedians, who regularly create female scientific biographies and other content related to women in science. Those who do so tend to benefit from a sense of reciprocity and altruism which results from the direct impact that Wikipedia has worldwide.
For instance, Dr. Jess Wade, a physicist and postdoctoral researcher in electronics at Imperial College London, attended a Wellcome Library editathon and was horrified to learn about the gender gap on Wikipedia.
Dr Jess Wade, physicist and diversity champion at Imperial College, London.
“The majority of editors are men. The majority of editors are white men. So representation of people of colour, of LGBTQ+ people is really, really bad. So many young people use [Wikipedia] as the sole source of their information. They don’t use textbooks anymore. They go to Wikipedia first when they’re looking something up. And I don’t want that to be an incredibly biased view of the world… you could be looking up some kind of new solar material, you could be looking up a cathedral in Florence [but] the people that you read about will be men. And that really frightened me… So I just thought I’d start off by doing one a day. And yeah it’s really fun.”
This experience motivated her to start creating Wikipedia entries about contemporary female scientists, with over 450 new articles published in the last twelve months. These include Isabel Ellie Knaggs, a crystallographer who worked with Kathleen Lonsdale on the crystal structure of benzil; Noël Bakhtian, director of the Center for Advanced Energy Studies at Idaho National Laboratory and described as one of the most powerful female engineers in the world by Business Insider in 2018; Katherine Mathieson, the Chief Executive of the British Science Association; Ronke Mojoyinola Olabisi, Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Rutgers University working with Mae Jemison on 100 Year Starship, an interdisciplinary initiative that is exploring the possibility of human interstellar travel; and Powtawche Valerino, the first Native American woman to receive a PhD in mechanical engineering from Rice University. Valerino is a mechanical engineer at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory who worked as a navigation engineer for the Cassini mission. Wade says the response to her work surfacing the achievements of these inspiring women on Wikipedia has been incredibly positive.
Secondly, organisations in these fields could provide training for staff at all levels via edit-a-thons to build capacity for an inclusive, global, online community. Investing in a Wikimedian, an in-house expert that is dedicated to educating and supporting an organisation to contribute to Wikipedia, would enable larger institutions to permanently embed gender equality within their organisational culture.
Institutions that currently host, or have hosted, a Wikipedian in Residence include libraries (e.g. the National Library of Scotland, the National Library of Wales, the Wellcome Library), charities, museums, archives, the Royal Society of Chemistry, heritage organisations (eg. Museums Galleries Scotland), UNESCO and universities (University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford).
At the University of Edinburgh, discussion around meeting the information literacy and digital skills needs of staff and students, and how to better meet the university’s commitment to Athena SWAN led to working with Wikimedia UK. Research by Professor Allison Littlejohn at the Open University validated that running editathons at the University contributed to the formation of networks of practice and development of social capital.
“Editathons, if run well, can develop not just technical knowledge but also workplace cultural capital and networks. These are the things women need in STEM (science, technology, mathematics and engineering) workplaces. ” – Melissa Highton, Assistant Principal at the University of Edinburgh.
Participants also saw it as an important part of their professional development and felt that editing was a form of knowledge activism which helped generate important discussions about how knowledge is created, curated and contested online and how Wikipedia editors can positively impact on the knowledge available to people all around the world and addressing those knowledge gaps.
“It’s an emotional connection… Within, I’d say, less than 2 hours of me putting her page in place it was the top hit that came back in Google when I Googled it and I just thought that’s it, that’s impact right there!” Anita – editathon participant.
Reproductive Medicine undergraduates (CC-BY-SA)
Thirdly, national policies across education, research and workforce development could put the spotlight on the powerful impact online platforms like Wikipedia have on women in science and recommend strategies to capitalise on them. For its part the University of Edinburgh has recommended that Wikipedia Women in Red editing forms part of its new four year action plan for meeting its commitment to the Athena SWAN charter by surfacing role models in ten academic disciplines; to encourage and inspire the next generation of immodest women.
“Search is the way we live now”
According to 2011 figures in the book “Google and the Culture of Search”, Google processed over 91% of searches internationally. Google’s ranking algorithm also narrows the sources clicked upon 90% of the time to just the first page of results.
American feminist scholar of 18th-century British literature, and a noted Wikipedian, Adrienne Wadewitz noted the important role in addressing knowledge gaps on Wikipedia and Google could have:
“Google takes information from Wikipedia, as do many other sites, because it is licensed through a Creative Commons Share-Alike license. Those little boxes on the left-hand side of your screen when you do a Google search? From Wikipedia. The information that is on Wikipedia spreads across the internet. What is right or wrong or missing on Wikipedia affects the entire internet.”
More recently, researchers at the University of Minnesota and Northwestern University have underlined the substantial interdependence of Wikipedia and Google. The results of two deception studies, whose goal was to better demonstrate the relationship between Wikipedia and Google, demonstrated Google depends on Wikipedia and vice versa. Click through rate decreased by 80% if Wikipedia links were removed. Wikipedia was shown to depend on Google. 84.5% of visits to Wikipedia were noted to being attributable to Google.
This means that addressing knowledge gaps on Wikipedia will surface the knowledge to Google’s top results, help populate and power Google’s ‘Knowledge graph’ (presented as a box to the right of search results) and increase visibility, click through and knowledge-sharing. Wikipedia editing can be seen as a form of activism in the democratisation of access to information.
A powerful reminder of the impact Wikipedia can have can be seen among young women and girls, who often lack easily identifiable female role models to follow. Bringing female role models to the fore beyond the world of celebrity and reality television is something that both Girlguiding UK and psychologist Penelope Lockwood noted was necessary for female students to feel that success is possible in order to broaden their future career aspirations.
Last Summer, schoolgirls from across London were invited by the Mayor of London’s office to take part in a editathon at Bloomberg for London Tech Week to redress the gender balance on Wikipedia through adding new entries on women CEOs, editors, entrepreneurs, lawyers and artists. The hope is this will kickstart further editathons across London and the UK; to further empower students up and down the country that their contributions are valued and that there are inspirational people out there achieving success in fields they just might aspire to join.
A new Open Access book on Gender Equality in higher education, EqualBite, asserts that the problem is persuading girls to consider and apply for STEM courses in the first place when they could apply for any number of courses, given that girls outperform boys at school including in STEM subjects. Recognising women’s achievements and contributions through creating and editing Wikipedia articles can encourage the next generation to take up careers in science. This could help address workforce shortages across many STEM fields and generate significant amounts of economic growth through diversifying innovation and entrepreneurship. Beyond this, we need to look at how improving the visibility of women role models in the online world can better shape our physical environments. The University of Edinburgh Student Association has recently worked on a project to improve diversity in student spaces through replacing the all-male portraits on the walls with more diverse group of portraits to encourage a greater sense of belonging. Similarly, a project in Hertford College, Oxford to mark 40 years of women at the college specially commissioned photograph portraits of women graduates, staff and students to replace the all-male portraits on the walls. By increasing awareness of female achievements online, we can create more inclusive, more diverse, more representative, more empowering physical environments to help breed confidence and undo the negative impact this lack of representation engenders.
Portraits hanging outside the Playfair Library, Old College. CC-BY_SA, Mihaela Bodlovic, http://www.aliceboreasphotography.com/
“Meanings are projected not just by the buildings themselves, but by how they are furnished and decorated. And where almost every image –portrait, photograph, statue – of academic achievement and leadership is masculine (and nearly always white middle-aged), the meaning is clear: to be a successful leader, gender and ethnicity matter.”
The benefits are clear but the scale of the challenge is massive. It has taken Women in Red editors two years to move the percentage of biographies of women on Wikipedia up by 2%. Looking to the future, Artificial Intelligence may prove one method to help address the gender gap. The software tool, Quicksilver, developed by San Francisco startup Primer has been created to help address the blind-spots on Wikipedia, with women in science a particular focus. Using machine-learning algorithms, Quicksilver searches the internet for news entries, links to sources, scientific citations and helps pull all this information together to auto-generate fully-sourced draft Wikipedia entries. This has since been tested at an editathon in New York City at the American Museum of Natural History.
“Maria Strangas, the museum researcher who organized the event, says it helped the 25 first-time editors update the pages for roughly 70 women scientists in just two hours. “It magnified the effect that event had on Wikipedia,” Strangas says.”
So far, over 40,000 summaries have been generated by the Quicksilver method. These entries then need proofread by Wikipedia editors before they can be added to Wikipedia’s livespace. Given that the number of ‘very active’ Wikipedia editors on English Wikipedia remains low at around 3,541 (the population of a small village) the importance of encouraging and empowering a diversity of editors to engage with Wikipedia editing is crucial in terms of increasing the visibility of inspirational female role models online to, in turn, encourage and empower the next generation of women in STEM whose scientific breakthroughs can continue to shape our world for the better.
If you’re feeling motivated to contribute, create a Wikipedia account today and join WikiProject Women in Red.
Ada Lovelace Day
Athina Frantzana
Concept Replacer
Doug Hanley
Edinburgh Seven
Gender asymmetries in Wikipedia
Gerty Cori
Immodest Women
Jennifer Doudna
Jess Wade
Katherine Clerk Maxwell
Kathleen Lonsdale
Knowledge Activism
Michael Seery
Neil C. Thompson
Paquita Sauquillo
Ruth Schmidt
siobhan o'connor
The Letter of 19
Wilma Mankiller
WISE campaign
zheng pingru
Ada Lovelace Day 2018 – nominate Women in STEM heroines
It’s a little over two months until Ada Lovelace Day 2018, which is happening on Tuesday 9th October this year.
Pop it in your calendar now and we’ll announce further details about the University’s plans on this website shortly.
Find out more on the official Ada Lovelace Day website – http://findingada.com
A regular activity for Ada Lovelace Day (ALD) at the University of Edinburgh is the Wikipedia editing event or editathon. This year the focus is contemporary women in STEM who do not currently have Wikipedia pages.
Who is your STEM heroine?
Nominate your contemporary STEM heroine for consideration at the Wikipedia editathon Tuesday 9th October. This should only take 5-10 minutes and it will really help us to create new role models for young and old alike on the world’s go-to source for information, Wikipedia.
Please note the deadline for submissions is Monday 3rd September.
Submit your STEM heroine nomination (Google Form)
Previous editathons
Review the Wikipedia articles improved and created at previous ALD editathons:
ALD Wikipedia editathon 2017
Ada Lovelace Day 2017 short film
In celebration of International Women’s Day (#IWD2018) watch footage from Ada Lovelace Day 2017 at the University of Edinburgh. Via Media Hopper Create you can watch and download a Creative Commons licenced (CC BY-SA) full HD version for sharing/repurposing/remixing!
Ada Lovelace Day 2017 (short film)
Ada Lovelace Day 2018
Wikipedia editathon
Women in Astronomy
Women in Biology
Women in Chemistry
Women in Computer Science
Women in Informatics
Celebrating 100 years of Votes for Women
A photograph of the Great Procession and Women’s Demonstration in Edinburgh in 1909. The image shows crowds of people congregated together to watch the procession. Many of those marching are carrying large banners. There is a brass band marching in front of the banner procession. There are also horses and carts that are carrying men and women. The photograph also shows a long view of Princes Street, which emphasises the amount of people who turned out for the demonstration. CC-BY-SA via Wikimedia Commons – kindly shared by Edinburgh Central Library’s Capital Collections.
To celebrate 100 years since the Representation of the People Act (1918) gave some women the vote, we held three #Vote100 Wikipedia editing events.
34 brand new biography articles have now surfaced on Wikipedia about Scotland’s suffragettes and the Eagle House suffragettes, along with 220 improved pages and items of data so people can discover all about their lives and contributions.
Wikipedia editathon for Processions 2018 at the University of Edinburgh Library. CC-BY-SA via Wikimedia Commons
Students and staff creating new Wikipedia pages about Scottish suffragettes at Processions 2018. CC-BY-SA via Wikimedia Commons.
“Annie’s Arboretum” at Eagle House
Eagle House (suffragette’s rest) became an important refuge for suffragettes who had been released from Holloway prison after hunger strikes. Many major people from the suffragette movement were invited to stay at Eagle house and to plant a tree to celebrate a prison sentence — at least 47 trees were planted between April 1909 and July 1911, including by Emmeline Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst, Annie Kenney, Charlotte Despard, Millicent Fawcett and Lady Lytton.
Read more in the Histropedia timeline (external website).
Suffragettes Annie Kenney, Mary Blathwayt and Emmeline Pankhurst, Eagle House, Batheaston 1910. Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.
The Scottish suffragettes
New Wikipedia pages have been created about: Maude Edwards slashing the portrait of King George V at the Royal Scottish Academy and her defiance at trial; the force-feeding of Frances Gordon and Arabella Scott at Perth Prison by the doctor who was “emotionally hooked” to Arabella Scott and offered to escort her to Canada; the attempted arson conducted by pioneer doctor Dorothea Chalmers Smith; the Aberdonian suffragette & organiser, Caroline Phillips, being sacked by telegram by Christabel Pankhurst; and the “energetic little woman from Stranraer” Jane Taylour who was a firebrand lecturer on Women’s Suffrage touring up and down Scotland and England.
Bessie Watson – suffragette aged 9 years old.
In 1909, the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) staged a march through Edinburgh to demonstrate “what women have done and can and will do”. Bessie Watson had played the bagpipes from an early age and at the age of nine she was asked to join the WSPU march and play the pipes. The march had a big impact on Bessie and she became involved in the suffragette movement. This involved playing the pipes outside the Calton Gaol to raise the spirits of incarcerated suffragettes. Playing the pipes led Bessie to do remarkable things and she became one of the first Girl Guides in Edinburgh and was seen by the King. The Capital Collections exhibition includes images of Bessie and the 1909 march as well as pictures of Calton Gaol. CC-BY-SA via Wikimedia Commons. Kindly shared by Edinburgh Central Library’s Capital Collections.
Annie Kenney
Arabella Scott
Bessie Watson
Capital Collections
Christabel Pankhurst
Dorothea Chalmers Smith
Edinburgh Central Library
Emmeline Pankhurst
Frances Gordon
Jane Taylour
Maude Edwards
Processions2018
Scottish suffragettes
Suffragette100
Suffragettes Rest
Suffragettes Retreat
Vote100
Wikipedia editathons
Wikipedia has always depended on the kindness of strangers
Last week, we marked Ada Lovelace Day at the University of Edinburgh with a full day event at King’s Buildings, the University’s Science and Engineering campus.
Fun Science & Tech activities at Ada Lovelace Day 2017 (CC-BY,Interactive Content Team, University of Edinburgh)
The event was our biggest and best attended yet with talks and activities in the morning, a Women in STEM Wikipedia editing event in the afternoon, and a film screening of the short documentary film, A Chemical Imbalance, in the evening. (recommended viewing).
The day finished with a panel chaired by the ever-awesome Anne-Marie Scott and comprising three brilliant panelists: Professor Polly Arnold, Professor Jane Norman and Dr. Carole Morrison. The panel discussion focused on the issues raised by the film; namely the low participation of women in STEM fields and what could be done to change this… with surfacing more women in STEM role models as one suggestion. You can see pics from the day and a Storify telling the story of the day.
Assistant Principal Melissa Highton welcoming attendees to Ada Lovelace Day 2017 (CC-BY, Interactive Content team, University of Edinburgh)
The collaboration with the School of Chemistry this year came about because it was suggested I should meet Dr. Michael Seery, Reader in Chemistry Education, on a completely different subject; his work with digital badges. During the tail end of the conversation, Michael expressed a certain scepticism about Wikipedia being used in academic contexts and I took the opportunity (and great delight) in proving him wrong… or at least in providing him with what I saw as a more informed approach to Wikipedia’s role in the creation, curation and dissemination of knowledge globally.
I can’t be sure what it was during that brief exchange that prompted Michael to start his own investigations yet investigate he did. And it resulted in his epic Twitter rant and this blog post re-appraising Wikipedia’s role in chemistry education*.
After our meeting and discussions, it was as a process of writing his first Wikipedia article on the English chemist Mildred May Gostling, and seeing the work involved, that he began to move “closer to the light“. (His words not mine). The fact that Michael was able to move from sceptic to activist and teach himself how to create such a page within the space of an evening should evidence how much easier editing Wikipedia has become in the last 2-3 years with the new Visual Editor interface making it possible to pick up the basics of Wikipedia editing in as little as 25 minutes.
*NB: Before I get carried away and completely misrepresent Michael, this was no Road to Damascus volte-face on his part. I prefer to think of it as a rational educator responding to rational arguments; making connections between the work he does and the work of the Wikimedia community. For the record, a certain amount of (healthy) scepticism is fine. An unhealthy quasi-prejudiced scepticism is a whole other kettle of fish. In any case, I’ll always make the case that an informed approach to engaging with Wikipedia trumps pretending it doesn’t exist each and every time.
Scan of 1904 petition presented during Michael Seery’s talk at Ada Lovelace Day 2017. (CC-BY-SA via Michael Seery)
It was Michael who brought the Letter of 19 to my attention. I confess I had not heard of the nineteen British women chemists who petitioned the Chemical Society in 1904 to afford women the same basic rights of Fellowship as their male counterparts. Shamefully, only a handful of the nineteen were represented on Wikipedia this Summer, the world’s number one information site. Hence, if providing more Women in STEM role models helps show that STEM careers are not just viable but something to be emulated then ensuring these fabulously notable women & their achievements were represented on Wikipedia had to be the #1 focus for our editing event for Ada Lovelace Day. (And it didn’t hurt that one of the 19, Ida Freund, had invented the Periodic Table of cupcakes as a teaching tool… which over a hundred years later would help inspire & fuel our editors while they worked).
Periodic Table cupcakes – invented by Ida Freund and supplied by tasty Buns bakery for Ada Lovelace Day 2017.
Happily, as a result of last week’s cupcake-fuelled editathon event, ALL nineteen of the signatories to the petition are now represented on Wikipedia. In addition, we also now have a brand new article about the 1904 petition itself where you can access all of the nineteen biographies.
The signatories to the 1904 Petition are:
Lucy Boole
Katherine Alice Burke
Clare de Brereton Evans
Elizabeth Eleanor Field
Emily Fortey
Ida Freund
Mildred Gostling (Mrs Mills)
Hilda Hartle
Edith Humphrey
Dorothy Marshall
Margaret Seward (Mrs McKillop)
Ida Smedley (Mrs Maclean)
Alice Emily Smith
Millicent Taylor
M. Beatrice Thomas
Grace Toynbee (Mrs Frankland)
Martha Whiteley
Sibyl Widdows
Katherine Isabella Williams
Wikipedia, CC-BY-SA 3.0 Unported, The Wikimedia Foundation
Wikipedia is a concept that shouldn’t work when you think about it.
A free online encyclopaedia that anyone can edit, crowd-sourced from volunteers. Yet work it does, miraculously so. It’s always been predicated on the notion that more people want to good than harm. And this is borne out by my own experience of editors and, perhaps more importantly, by research which found that only 7% of edits can be considered vandalism; meaning 93% is well-intentioned.
The 5th most popular website in the world receives 17 billion pageviews a month and 7,000 new articles are created each day. A recent article by WikiProject Medicine (recommended reading) found that Wikipedia is a source of health information for half to nearly three-quarters of physicians and more than 90% of medical students. It is also estimated to be 1,500 times more cost-effective than traditional ways of spreading information such as presenting at academic conferences. With recent analysis showing that people spend more time on Wikipedia’s mobile site than any other news or information site, issues of inaccuracy or under-representation matter.
But they can only be solved by greater engagement. Of the 80,000 regular contributors to Wikipedia, only 3,000 are considered ‘very active’ – meaning a community the size of the village of Kinghorn in Fife is often left to curate the world’s knowledge. Having more eyes on articles improves those articles immeasurably. That’s why it is so important to address areas of under-representation, to involve subject specialists, and to share the (often pay-walled) knowledge universities possess. Only then can Wikipedia begin to get anywhere close to truly being the sum of all human knowledge.
And people do respond to this call-to-arms. Correcting systemic bias and areas of under-representation has motivated many to help create and improve articles since the Edinburgh residency began in January 2016. I am convinced it also motivated Michael Seery to contribute and his advocacy, in turn, helped bring in many others within the School of Chemistry.
Women in Red meetups at the University of Edinburgh (Own work with openly licensed images sourced from Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY-SA)
More generally, the lack of female Wikipedia editors is a clear & ongoing concern – with numbers routinely under 15% this skews the content on Wikipedia in much the same way. Two years ago, the number of biographies on Wikipedia about notable women was roughly 15% too. Thankfully, there are editors all around the world determined to address this. WikiProject Women in Red is the second most active WikiProject on Wikipedia (out of some 2000+ WikiProjects) and its editors are motivated to turn red-linked articles about notable women which don’t yet exist into blue clickable links which do. As such they have been hugely successful in helping correct this systemic bias and the number of female biographies has shifted; currently standing at 17.12%. So moving in the right direction but still a long way to go to achieving gender parity.
Issues of fairness and representation are felt keenly. Changing the way stories are told matters. That’s why it is so amazing to see people engage with Wikipedia; to see articles like the 1904 petition be created; to see new role models be uncovered and (hopefully) inspire new generations. 65% of our editathon attendees last year were women and, while I haven’t totted up the latest figures, I can tell you that this trend has not changed one iota this year.
That’s why it is also so gratifying when very un-Wikipedia comments are left on Talk pages thanking our editors for creating these pages, as recently happened to Anne-Marie following her creating a page for the Bletchley codebreaker Ann Katharine Mitchell at Ada Lovelace Day in 2016.
“Hello, this isn’t a very Wikipedian comment but I just wanted to thank you personally for creating an entry for my mother Ann Katharine Mitchell. She is in residential care with Alzheimers, serene and contented, and largely lives in the past. She was told recently that she had a Wikipedia entry and was flattered and delighted to see it (I’ve now made some revisions). It isn’t the purpose of your editing to give the subjects pleasure, of course, but thanks for doing so!”
Michael himself created articles for two of the 19 including the British chemist, Margaret Seward. This article was first drafted by a participant (User:ActuallyDutch14) at a Royal Society of Chemistry event this Summer but, as sometimes happens, never finished. After writing the 1904 petition article, Michael simply took the half-finished article on Margaret Seward and helped complete it using information provided in an excellent source identified by Alice White, Wikimedian in Residence at the Wellcome Library, and ordered into the University of Edinburgh’s Murray Library by Rowena Stewart, Academic Support Librarian: ‘Chemistry was Their Life: Pioneer British Women Chemists, 1880–1949’ by Marelene Rayner-Canham and Geoff Rayner-Canham.
To do my bit, I reached out to the various universities these 19 brilliant women chemists were working at around the turn of the century including: Royal Holloway College; Bangor University; Bristol University; University of Manchester; Girton College and Newnham College in Cambridge; the University of Zurich; University College London; and Somerville College in Oxford. So far, I have been extremely impressed by the responses I have received in helping illustrate these new pages with images provided from their archives.
We already have a picture supplied by Royal Holloway Archives of Mildred May Gostling’s study and Royal Holloway are also looking to provide the group image of Elizabeth Eleanor Field at the School of Chemistry (below). Somerville College in Oxford have today provided a first class image of Margaret Seward taken in 1885 when she must have been 21 years old. Wikipedia articles with images are at least 20-30% more likely to be read but somehow an image on a biography article, like Seward’s, can also make that person come to life and seem that little bit more real.
RHC PH.205.11 Chemistry staff and students c.1899
Elizabeth Eleanor Field appears in 3rd row down, 3rd one across from left. Picture from Royal Holloway Archives, CC-BY-SA)
Many institutions will often try to sell such images in their collections as revenue generation is such an ingrained, and persuasive, model. Yet it is not the only model and it is not only reason to share images. Sharing images, even low resolution images, for the rest of the world to engage and learn about a person or subject is, more often than not, hugely rewarding in of itself. Especially with the global reach that Wikipedia delivers.
Margaret Seward, chemist. Taken at Somerville College, Oxford in 1885. CC-BY-SA, Somerville College Archives via Wikimedia Commons.
Looking at the newly uploaded picture of Margaret Seward generously shared on her Wikipedia page, which itself didn’t exist until a week ago, and thinking of all the people involved in the article’s creation who gave of themselves to tell her story over a hundred years later, it really does make me marvel both at Margaret’s life & achievements AND the kindness of strangers in bringing her story to the world’s attention.
I recently wrote 3 articles of the 19 petitioners and was struck both by my increasingly difficulty to find sources and by the following passage from ‘Chemistry was their life’:
“Of the early women research workers in traditional areas of chemistry the three most productive in the period before 1905 were Aston and Micklethwait at University College, London, and Fortey at University College, Bristol. None of these, or indeed any of the slightly later and notably productive women chemists such as Marsden, Renouf, Alice Emily Smith or Isaac, produced a substantial body of independent work. Most of their publications are joint with eminent male co-authors, and almost the only records of their research careers are those co-authored papers in the technical journals. They appear, therefore, in the role of assistants rather than partners. Micklethwait, the most outstanding in terms of number of co-authored publications, was described by her obituarist as being ‘of a modest and retiring disposition’, which ‘was reflected in her preference for working in collaboration rather than striking out on lines of her own’.
Their records of joint publications would seem to suggest that, generally speaking compared with the women biochemists, most of the women researchers in established areas of chemistry were of a similar ‘modest and retiring disposition’ – a curious coincidence….
Both Freund and Thomas, two other life-long professional academics in traditional areas chemistry, are remembered as teachers rather than as researchers: Thomas’s original work was all collaborative, and Freund’s most important publication was her classic textbook. Thus, for the most part, British women of this period who were interested in doing research in the chemical sciences at anything beyond the assistant level generally found their opportunities in areas other than the established branches of the field. A similar pattern has been noted in the careers of American women chemists of the turn of the century…
The difficulties encountered by women chemists in establishing themselves as independent workers and being recognized as such are emphasized further by comparisons with fields other than biochemistry. In geology, for instance, a discipline in which in Britain during the late nineteenth century there were less than half as many women active in research as in chemistry, several women made major independent contributions, which were recognized by the Geological Society by the award of notable honours (not-withstanding the fact that women were not accepted as Fellows of the Society until 1919).
…..It is also the case that of these seven prominent women scientists only four held salaried positions…. Ogilvie Gordon, Donald and Sargant were independent research workers, living on family funds in a manner more typical of the ‘amateur’ male scientists of an earlier era, and not competing for salaried positions despite life-long commitments to first class scientific work.
Despite professional recognition by their peers and notable honours, these scientists, the ablest of the women researchers in their fields, were on the very margins of the scientific community as far as consideration for such positions was concerned. Nevertheless, they and the women biochemists whose careers are outlined above did achieve success as independent researchers. Corresponding success and recognition by the established chemical community for women in traditional areas of chemistry is hard to find.”
The context in which these women made these achievements makes them all the more remarkable.
‘Chemistry was their life’ by Marelene Rayner-Canham and Geoff Rayner-Canham. Pic taken by Michael Seery, CC-BY-SA.
1904 petition
A Chemical Imbalance
ALD17
Ann Katherine Mitchell
Bletchley
Bletchley Park
Byte-sized bioinformatics
Carole Morrison
Chemistry was their life
Geoff Rayner-Canham
Girton College
Kings Buildings
Knitting Graphene
Marelene Rayner-Canham
Margaret Seward
Mary Somerville
Metadata games
Mildred May Gostling
Newnham College
Periodic table cupcakes
Polly Arnold
Rowena Stewart
Royal Holloway College
Somerville College
The Chemical Society
Wellcome Library
She Persisted – Outcomes of ‘Bragging Writes’ Wikipedia event for International Women’s Day 2017
Suffragist and journalist Helen Alexander Archdale. Pic by Lafayette (Lafayette Ltd), half-plate film negative, 3 February 1928
As part of Gather Festival 2017 and to mark International Women’s Day, on Wednesday 8th March 2017, the University’s Information Services team ran a Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the School of Informatics. Full Wikipedia editing training was given to attendees before the afternoon’s editathon focused on creating new articles about the many inspiring women missing from Wikipedia.
In November 2014, just over 15% of the English Wikipedia’s biographies were about women. Founded in July 2015, WikiProject Women in Red has brought the figure up to 16.83%, as of 29 January 2017. But that means, according to WHGI, only 242,601 of our 1,441,879 biographies are about women. Not impressed? “Content gender gap” is a form of systemic bias, and Women in Red events take place across the globe in order to address it in a positive way.
Screengrab of latest WHGI stats.
Mary Susan McIntosh (1936–2013) sociologist, feminist, political activist and campaigner for lesbian and gay rights in the UK.
Outcomes – New pages created
Helen Alexander Archdale – (1876–1949) was a feminist, activist, and journalist. Helen took part in a WSPU demonstration in Edinburgh on the 9th of October 1909. Later that month she was arrested with Adela Pankhurst and Maud Joachim in Dundee and convicted of a breach of the peace after interrupting a meeting being held by the local MP, Winston Churchill. Following this on 20th October all three women went on hunger strike. All three were released after four days of imprisonment. In December 1911 Helen received a sentence of two months’ imprisonment for window-breaking at Whitehall. Her daughter, Betty Archdale (1907-2000) remembered collecting stones for her mother to use, and visiting her in Holloway Prison. Helen was the secretary, and later international secretary, for the Six Point Group founded by Margaret Rhondda. The group’s specific aims were: (1) Satisfactory legislation on child assault; (2) Satisfactory legislation for the widowed mother; (3) Satisfactory legislation for the unmarried mother and her child; (4) Equal rights of guardianship for married parents; (5) Equal pay for teachers; (6) Equal opportunities for men and women in the civil service. In 1926 Helen and Margaret founded the Open Door Council with Chrystal Macmillan and Elizabeth Abbott in order to focus on economic emancipation. In 1927 Helen became active in international feminist activism, and began working in Geneva lobbying for an Equal Rights Treaty at the League of Nations in the early 1930s. She became secretary of the Liaison Committee of Women’s International Organisations, a coalition to promote equal rights, disarmament and women’s representation at the League. From 1929 to 1934 she chaired Equal Rights International, founded at The Hague ,an organisation dedicated to promoting campaigning for equality of women with men in law and in the workplace. Helen was also active in Open Door International, also founded in 1929, and a leading advocate of the equalitarian feminism.
Agnes Syme Macdonald (1882 – 1996) was a Scottish suffragette who served as the secretary of the Edinburgh branch of the WSPU before setting up the Edinburgh Women Citizens Association (WCA) in 1918[1]. She was WCA’s fist and longest-serving secretary. She campaigned on various social issues and was active in the Quaker relief work for European refugees (Society of Friends); the Barns School for delinquent city boys and the Edinburgh Old People’s Welfare Council.
Catherine Isabella Barmby – (1816/17 – 26 December 1853) was an utopian socialist and writer on women’s emancipation. She was the daughter of Bridstock Watkins and belonged to the lower-middle class. Little is known of her early life or education, however, her instruction allowed her to become a writer and lecturer. She wrote several articles for the Owenite socialist newspaper New Moral World on feminist demands and her Millennialist beliefs.
Ketaki Kushari Dyson – (nee Ketaki Kushari) is a Bengali-born poet, novelist, playwright, translator and critic, diaspora writer and scholar. Born (26 June 1940) and educated in Calcutta (Kolkata), she has lived most of her adult life near Oxford, U.K. She writes in Bengali and English, on topics as wide-ranging as Bengal, England, the various Diaspora, feminism and women’s issues, cultural assimilation, multiculturalism, gastronomy, social and political topics.
Mary Susan McIntosh (1936–2013) sociologist, feminist, political activist and campaigner for lesbian and gay rights in the UK. In 1960 Mary was deported from the USA for speaking out against the House Un-American Activities Committee. On her return to the UK Mary worked as a researcher for the Home Office from 1961 to 1963 before taking up the post of lecturer in Sociology at the University of Leicester from 1963 to 1968. Mary joined the University of Essex in 1975 as a lecturer in the Department of Sociology, she later became the first female head of the department and remained at the University until she retired in 1996. Throughout her career Mary taught a wide range of courses covering criminology, theory, sociology, social policy, the family, gender studies, feminism and Marxism.
Mira Hamermesh (15 July 1923 – 19 February 2012) was an independent Polish filmmaker and artist who made documentaries for British television. She was a student of painting at the Bezalel Art School in Jerusalem and later moved to London to study at the Slade School of Art. Mira returned to Poland in 1960 to study at the polish film school where she began documenting her personal experience of fleeing Nazi occupied Germany as a Jewish teenager.
Mary Elizabeth Phillips (suffragette) (15 July 1880 – 21 June 1969) was a suffragette, feminist and socialist. Mary was the longest serving suffragette prisoner.
Mona Wilson (author) (29 May 1872 – 26 October 1954) was a British civil servant and author. After being appointed to the National Insurance Commission in 1911, she received a yearly salary of £1000, making her the highest-paid woman civil servant of the time and one of the first women to receive equal pay. She wrote several scholarly works after her retirement from the civil service in 1919, including The Life of William Blake (1927), which went through several reprintings and remained popular for several decades.
Maggie Keswick Jencks (10 October 1941- 8 July 1995[1]) was a writer, artist, garden designer and co-founder of Maggie’s Centres.
Kathleen Molyneux Mander (29th September 1915 − 2013) was a documentary film-maker. During the 1930s she joined the Communist Party and attended Left Book Club meetings. Her political leanings would later influence her filmmaking. In 1937 she was the first woman to join the film industry’s union, the Association of Cinematographic Technicians (ACT) (now BECTU). She had a column in the ACT journal, The Cine-Technician, until the 1950s, where she wrote union issues such as the need for equal pay and post-war job security. After the end of WW2 her membership of the Communist party made it more difficult for her to find work.
Emilia Vosnesenskaya – Vosnesenskaya taught Russian at the Joint Services School for Linguists. She became a naturalised British citizen on January 1st 1957 at which point she was an Assistant University Lecturer. She moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1956 and taught there until her retirement. She contributed to the BBC series Keep Up Your Russian, and associated grammar booklet, in 1960.
Kay Carmichael (née Rankin) born Shettleston, Glasgow on 22 November 1925. She was an influential character in Scottish politics and activist against nuclear submarines in Scotland. Studying at Edinburgh University she went on to hold the post of Senior Lecturer at Glasgow University. At the age of 20 she joined the Independent Labour Party in Scotland. Her activism included ‘guerrilla raids’ into Faslane Naval Base to plants flowers for which she was sentenced to two weeks in prison.
Şükûfe Nihal Başar – (1896 – 24 September 1973) was a Turkish educator, poet and activist who took part in the earliest women’s liberation movements during Turkey’s nation building process. Having graduated from the Geography department of the Literature Faculty of İstanbul Darülfünün in 1919, she holds the title of “the first woman graduate of Darülfünun”. Whilst she worked as a literature tutor for many years in Istanbul High School for girls, she took active role in various women’s associations and wrote columns in journals and newspapers about women’s rights. In her short stories and novels, she highligts the female female characters, trying to be the voice for “the new woman” of the early republican era.
Elizabeth Burns (poet) – (1957-2015) was a poet and creative writing teacher. She was born on 17 December 1957, in Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire. Her mother Muriel (Hayward) was from Bristol and her father, David Grieve Burns from Kirkcaldy.
Lucrezia Buti (Florence, 1435 – sixteenth century) was an Italian nun, and later the lover of the painter Fra Filippo Lippi. She is believed to be the model for several of Lippi’s madonnas.
Women in Red – articles that are red-linked on Wikipedia are ones awaiting creation. Only 16.85% of biographies on Wikipedia are about notable women.
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A Storify of the day can be found here.
#BeBoldForChange
#IWD2017
#ShePersisted
Agnes Syme Macdonald
Catherine Isabella Barmby
Elizabeth Burns (poet)
Emilia Vosnesenskaya
Ethel Moir
Helen Evans
Kay Carmichael
Kay Mander
Ketaki Kushari Dyson
Lucrezia Buti
Maggie Keswick Jencks
Maggie's Centres
Mary Elizabeth Phillips (suffragette)
Mira Hamermesh
Mona Wilson (author)
School of Informatics
Suffragists
Şükûfe Nihal Başar
Systemic bias
utopian socialist
WHGI
Wikipedia's Women Problem
Woman's emancipation
Women's Rights Activists
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Six moves the Phillies must make
by Jake Mastroianni
Ruben Amaro Jr. has induced a lot of head scratching in Philadelphia with his moves and lack of moves.
Ruben Amaro Jr. has induced a lot of head-scratching in Philadelphia with his moves and lack of moves.
The trade deadline has come and gone, and Philadelphia Phillies General Manager Ruben Amaro Jr. continues to frustrate Phillies fans. After winning the World Series in 2009 with a core of Jimmy Rollins, Chase Utley, Ryan Howard and Cole Hamels, Amaro assembled a team that figured to be a dynasty. Well, that ship has sailed, yet Amaro continues to hold on to the hope that these former All-Stars will get better with age and somehow repeat the 2009 season.
Sitting at 47-61 on July 31, it’s obvious that the dream of this core having another run is not going to happen. So, here is what should have happened, and what should happen going forward, if I was the general manager of the Phillies.
Let me preface this by saying that, as a Braves fan, I hate the Phillies and hope they suffer for years to come because of this stupidity, but I’m also a baseball fan, and I hate to see a team and its fan base subjected to this level of frustration because of the lunacy of a general manager.
Move #1 — This one is easy: Marlon Byrd should have been traded before the deadline. The Phillies signed an aging player to a bad contract, but lucky for them, he’s actually performing well and teams covet his services. The Phillies could have moved him for a B-level prospect and rid themselves of the $8 million he’s owed next year and the possible $8 million he’s owed in 2016. In 2013, the Mets traded Byrd in August for a team’s top 10 prospect, so there is still hope Amaro can get this done.
Move #2 — Jonathan Papelbon has got to go. He’s having an outstanding year, and there are plenty of teams that could use a proven closer in the postseason. The problem is no one wants to touch that ridiculous contract Amaro gave him. He’s owed $13 million next year and has a vesting option for another $13 million in 2016. The Phillies should be willing to eat $8-$10 million just to get rid of him, while also saving a little money.
Move #3 — A.J. Burnett should have been traded. He was brought in to fill the void behind Cliff Lee and Cole Hamels in case they found the magic. Now that we all realize that’s not happening, it’s time to move on. Part of the problem is Burnett has contemplated retirement and might not want to accept a trade unless it’s to a team of his choice. He has a mutual option for $15 million next year, which includes a $7.5 million option if the team declines the option and the player accepts the option. Some playoff contender would love his services for a B-level prospect.
Move #4 — Move number 4 was to trade Cliff Lee and eat as much money as they have to, but as I was typing, he left Thursday’s game with an elbow strain, which had him on the shelf for two months earlier this season. Lee’s season is probably done, and the Phillies are most likely stuck with this expensive contract. He’ll get paid $25 million next year before his deal ends.
Move #5 — If you were going to move Rollins, it would have behooved you to do it before the deadline. He has veto rights, so that makes things difficult, but he’s broken every Phillies record, and I would think he’d accept a trade to a contender, which would save the Phillies roughly $3-$4 million this year, and possibly $11 million next year — depending on whether or not his vesting option would have kicked in.
Move #6 — We just saw a similar scenario with the Atlanta Braves having to cut ties with Dan Uggla, and I think it’s time the Phillies made a similar move with Ryan Howard. The Braves only had to pay around $20 million to let Uggla go, while the Phillies would have to fork out over $60 million to cut Howard! That’s a steep price, but the guy is doing nothing but taking up playing time for someone who could produce now and in the future. If they were able to find a suitor for Howard, the Phillies should be willing to eat $50 million of that $60 million.
I definitely don’t envy Amaro Jr. He’s in a difficult situation trying to unload old players with bad contracts, but these guys are still productive and could be of use to other teams. Also, there have been signs of this decline for a couple of years now, and Amaro did nothing to help the Phillies organization prepare for the future.
So, let’s consider the impact of these moves:
Move Byrd, free up $8 million for next year and get a back-of-the-rotation prospect in return.
Move Papelbon, save $6 million for next year, get an outfield prospect in return.
Move Burnett, save a possible $15 million for next year, get an outfield prospect in return.
Hope Lee doesn’t have to have Tommy John surgery and you can move him during the offseason or before next year’s trade deadline.
Move Rollins, free up $11 million for next year. Take anything you can get in return.
Dump Howard, hopefully save $5 million for the following two years.
If Amaro is wise enough to make these realistic moves, the Phillies could free up $45 million for the 2015 season. That would create enough money to spend on free agents during the offseason to help turn the ship around. The Phillies are in bad shape, and everyone knows it, but this could have been prevented by a general manager who’s a bit more forward-thinking. It’s time for Amaro Jr. to quit looking to the past and realize it’s time to let these guys go, before he’s let go.
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Is J.T. Realmuto Worthy Of His Rounds 5-7 Average Draft Position?
Mike Trout and Bryce Harper: Phillies Saving Up To Sign Trout
MLB: The Show 19 Updates Cover Athlete
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Skipped Showers Raise A Stink- Coleen Talks Clean
posted 2010 Nov by Pharmworks Raise
She contends that only a soapy washcloth "under her arms, between her legs and under her feet" is needed to get "really clean." On the go, she wipes away underarm odor with a sliced lemon.
Defying a culture of "clean" in existence at least since the 1940s, a contingent of renegades deliberately forgoes daily bathing and other standards of personal hygiene - such as shampoo and deodorant.
The converted have many reasons to cleanse less and smell more like themselves.
"We don't need to wash the way we did when we were farmers," said Katherine Ashenburg, 65-year-old author of The Dirt on Clean: An Unsanitized History.
Since the advent of cars and labor-saving machines, she continued, "We have never needed to wash less, and we have never done it more."
Retention of the skin's natural oils and water conservation are two reasons that Palmer and others cite for skipping a daily shower.
Some have concluded that deodorant is unnecessary after forgetting it once with no social repercussions. Others are concerned about antiperspirants containing aluminum, although both the National Cancer Institute and the Alzheimer's Association don't share the concern.
Some people have long complained that showering too much makes their skin drier or more prone to skin flare-ups, and Dr. Richard Gallo, chief of the dermatology division at the University of California, San Diego, said scientists are just beginning to understand why.
"It's not just removing the lipids and oils on your skin that's drying it out," he said. It could be "removing some of the good bacteria that help maintain a healthy balance of skin."
But Elaine Larson, a professor at the Columbia University School of Nursing in New York with a doctorate in epidemiology, cautioned that subway riders and others who come into contact with many strangers should consider soaping up.
"If it's cold and flu season," she said, "you want to get rid of the stuff that isn't a part of your own normal germs."
Whatever the motivation, personal cleanliness in the United States has long been big business. Advertisements address (and probably generate) anxiety about body odor.
They seem to work: Adults younger than 24 use deodorant and antiperspirant more than nine times a week, but, even for older age groups, usage never falls below an average of once a day, according to Mintel, a market-research company.
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Ottawa unveils plan to fight harassment, abuse, discrimination in sport
Minister announces investigation unit and toll-free confidential helpline
Mar. 13, 2019 4:10 p.m.
A safe space for Canadian athletes and kids who participate in sport has been a long time coming.
That was part of Minister of Science and Sport Kirsty Duncan’s message in announcing both an investigation unit and a toll-free confidential helpline on Wednesday, major measures in an effort to combat harassment and abuse in sport.
“This was Week 1 my priority, as an athlete, coach, and judge all my life,” Duncan told The Canadian Press. “When you train athletes your No. 1 job is to protect their health and safety. It’s your No. 1 job.
“So when I came into the role, I wanted to put our athletes at the centre of everything we do. And I knew we needed to help our athletes from the beginning — that there be a confidential safe place where they could go.”
The investigation unit is an arm’s-length, third-party program set up through the Sport Dispute Resolution Centre of Canada, an independent organization that already functions in helping resolve disputes in the national sport community. Canadian sport organizations can access the unit for independent investigations on reports of harassment, abuse or discrimination in sport.
READ MORE: Feds set to develop code of conduct for sport in Canada
The helpline — 1-888-83SPORT (77678) — is for victims and witnesses of harassment, abuse or discrimination. The line, which is already up and running, will be staffed by counsellors, psychologists and psychotherapists, seven days a week, 12 hours a day.
“I have been clear there can be bystander effect. If you see a child being hurt or harmed, it’s all of our jobs to speak up,” Duncan said. “So having this confidential phone line where you can report cases, they are professionally trained people … who will listen. It’s safe, confidential, in both official languages, and they will say where you can go next, whether it’s to the police, whether it’s to child protection services, it’s to provincial or territorial resources, but you will actually have someone say ‘This is where you go next.’”
Wednesday’s announcement is the latest move by Duncan, who appointed a working group on gender equity to study issues such as sexual abuse and harassment after she was appointed sport minister in January of 2018. The government also recently partnered with Canadian athletes rights group AthletesCan for a study on abuse and discrimination and sport.
There have been several high-profile sexual assault and harassment stories recently in Canadian sport. In June, Allison Forsyth was among several former members of Canada’s ski team who spoke publicly about the abuse suffered at the hands of former coach Bertrand Charest in the 1990s. Charest was convicted last year of 37 offences of sexual assault and exploitation.
“As a victim of sexual abuse, I am extremely encouraged by these two new programs,” Forsyth said in a statement Wednesday. ”It is critical that our sport system has a safe place for athletes to report instances of abuse and an ethical and legal investigation process. These is a strong sense of urgency to take action. We are not seeking perfection; we are seeking progress to ensure a safe, healthy sport environment for all athletes in Canada.”
Lori Ewing, The Canadian Press
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ILS a priority for UK Gov post-Brexit, regs to be in place H1 2017
5th December 2016 - Author: Artemis
Insurance-linked securities (ILS) business is seen as a priority in a post-Brexit Britain by the new UK Government cabinet, and the new regulatory regime will be in place in the first-half of 2017, according to government speakers at an event in London this morning.
The UK ILS regulation consultation period, which is currently underway after the draft regs were published in November, represents an “enormous opportunity” for the marketplace, according to speakers at the event, and with regulations set to be in-force during H1 2017 UK ILS transactions could be undertaken as early as the mid-year 2017 reinsurance renewals.
In the wake of the Brexit vote the UK government has seen considerable change in the form of a new Prime Minister and a largely new set of cabinet ministers, but the work to position London and the UK as a leading ILS domicile and home to ILS business remains a priority.
Following the Brexit vote to leave the EU there has been considerable uncertainty about London’s future as a global financial market hub (including for its insurance and reinsurance sector), so the ILS regulatory work and effort to bring some ILS transactions to London is seen as a positive initiative.
Speaking at City & Financial’s ILS conference in London this morning Lee O’Rourke, Head of the Insurance Linked Securities Project at HM Treasury, explained that “the new cabinet regards ILS as a priority, particularly in post-Brexit Britain.”
O’Rourke said that after the consultation period the regulations will be put before the UK Parliament as early as February or March 2017, with the new regulatory regime for ILS set to commence in the first-half of next year.
With the regulations set to be brought into force that quickly the ILS market would be well-advised to get their feedback into the Treasury as part of the consultation on the currently proposed set of regulations.
Michael Wade, a Senior Advisor with the UK government’s Cabinet Office, told the event in London today that the ILS and reinsurance industry needs to be “robust” in requesting precisely what is required to make London and useful ILS transactional hub, adding that the consultation presents the ILS and reinsurance market an “enormous opportunity.”
This is true. The chance to drive the direction of the UK ILS regulations should not be passed on, as there is a desire in the UK government and the London insurance and reinsurance market to bring something unique, useful and incrementally beneficial for the market into being with the ILS regulations.
Simon Kirby, Economic Secretary to the Treasury (City Minister) at HM Treasury, added his weight to the push for robust feedback, saying that the government is listening to and welcomes contributions from the market, noting the importance of getting the ILS regulations right.
Kirby said that the government cares about doing what it can to help bring an innovative ILS regime to the UK in order to foster further ILS market growth.
It’s encouraging that government representatives are so positive on the ILS market, see it as a priority for the UK and want to encourage a constructive feedback debate on the regulations to ensure they add value and help the market to grow.
There is also an element of wanting to maintain a level playing field and of course with Brexit a cloud over the London insurance and reinsurance market ILS is seen as an innovative area of the market that London has perhaps lagged behind previously.
Of course getting robust regulations in place that foster ILS innovation is just part of the battle, the real work will begin when the regulations are passed by Parliament and we see just what attraction London and the UK has for the ILS market.
Join Artemis in New York on February 3rd 2017 for ILS NYC.
Early bird tickets will run out soon, so reserve your space today.
Tagged as: Alternative reinsurance capital, Cat bond, Catastrophe bond, Collateralized reinsurance, domicile, ILS funds, insurance linked securities, lloyd's of london, Protection gap, reinsurance, transformer
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Malta VAT rule change increases reinsurance SPV efficiency
An amendment to Malta's laws that extends a value added tax (VAT) exemption to include authorised reinsurance special purpose vehicles...
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Great Barrier Reef and the New7Wonders
— Cairns —
WRITTEN BY admin • November 08, 2011
Australia’s Great Barrier Reef has been listed in the top ten nominations for the New 7 Wonders of Nature. By Victoria Dalzell One of Australia’s most iconic natural landmarks, The Great Barrier Reef, is currently in the running for being included in the New7Wonders of Nature campaign.
As the only country with two nominations for the prestigious claim, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef was named one of the top ten finalists, while Uluru made it to the top 28.
The project is being run by The New7Wonders Foundation, established in 2001 by Swiss-born Canadian film maker, author and adventurer, Bernard Weber, to help protect the World’s man-made and natural heritage.
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Cairns is a city that was built on tourism, a place you’ve always used as a landing pad ... READ MORE
The work of The New7Wonders Foundation is supported by The Seven Wonders Organisation, and the foundation draws on business and commercial partnerships rather than government funding.
Voting has already started for the New7’, and winners are to be announced on Friday, November 11 2011.
With only five days to go, the Australian icon still faces a fierce battle from the likes of the Grand Canyon in the US, Vietnam’s Halong Bay and the Dead Sea.
The Great Barrier Reef is the only live collective organism on earth that can be seen from outer space. The Reef is also the world’s larges coral eco-system, made up of over 9000 islands and 300 individual reefs, spaning between 1 – 10000 hectares each. The reef is home to over 900 species of coral, 1500 species of fish, 4000 species of mollusk, mammals, turtles, endangered species such as the large green turtle and the dugong.
The Great Barrier Reef and Daintree double act
At the edge of the Daintree Rainforest is one of the best spots on the Queensland coast to... READ MORE
The Great Barrier Reef is truly one of the most beautiful places on earth and rates as one of the top world dive sites and is a major Australian tourist attraction.
To vote, visit New7Wonders of Nature
#21 – Queensland’s waterhole trail
#93 – The secret Frankland Islands
The 007-like luxury of Crystalbrook Lodge
Welcome to bush-luxe Crystalbrook Lodge
So you don't miss out on the latest travel updates, tips and giveaways!
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Professor Carolyn McGregor: Using Big Data to save tiny lives
Author: Christopher Niesche
Computer scientist Carolyn McGregor has developed a disruptive technology utilising big data, that is set to start a new era in personalised medicine. Her life-saving Artemis IT platform analyses patterns in data such as heartbeats and breathing in newborn babies and spots problems before they are apparent to medical staff. The approach has great potential to save lives and is now being applied beyond the neonatal intensive care ward to astronauts and tactical response units.
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In 1999, computer scientist Carolyn McGregor found herself in a neonatal ward in Sydney’s Nepean Hospital, surrounded by newborn babies, each connected to a range of medical monitoring devices.
“I was watching all of these medical devices flash different numbers, alarms going off, and I was just looking at the sheer volume of the data and thinking there’s just such a rich source of data here and wondering what was happening with all the data that was on the screen,” she recalls.
McGregor, Canada Research Chair in Health Informatics based at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada discovered that measurements were being jotted down on paper charts every 30 or 60 minutes. “I thought, these numbers are changing every second or even faster. There’s so much we could potentially do with all of that,” she says.
That meeting was the spark for McGregor’s work in the use of big data in neonatal health and she is now a leading international researcher in critical-care health informatics. Before moving to Canada in 2007, McGregor established, grew and led Health Informatics Research at the University of Western Sydney, where her internationally recognised research was supported by over $1 million in grant funding from sources such as the Australian Research Council and the Telstra Broadband Fund. This was foundational research that led to her going on to establish her award winning Artemis Platform.
Typically a nurse in an intensive care ward watches a patient’s breathing and heartbeat, essentially to make sure they’re still alive and haven’t gone into cardiac arrest or another life threatening situation. But as McGregor suspected, the data can tell doctors and nurses so much more than that, when harnessed and analysed properly.
Subtle changes in the pattens of breathing, heart rate and other indicators can all show changes in the patient’s condition that might indicate something more serious, but are undetectable from traditional observation.
For instance, neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of death among new-born babies in both the developing and developed world.
“If you watch the behaviour of the heart, the heartbeat actually starts to become very regular or more regular if the body’s coming under stress, like it does when you have an infection. So because we watch every beat of the heart, we can tell if we’re starting to see a regular heart rate. Couple that with some other indicators and it gives doctors a better tool to help them to say this is probably infection,” says McGregor.
The Artemis platform which McGregor and her research team have developed records more than 1,200 readings every second, helping doctors harness and manage all of the information that the medical devices produce, and providing a mechanism to analyse all that information in complex ways. It allows them to choose which indicators and conditions they want to monitor, and track those important subtle changes.
It is a lifesaving technology for the tiny patients where a few hours can make a major difference in recovery rates. “We can see these patterns sometimes 24 hours before the baby starts to really succumb and show signs of an aggressive infection,” McGregor says. Neonatal infections can cause lifelong health care issues for sufferers, such as with their lungs.
Along with improving outcomes for individual patients, the technology has the potential to help health care systems save money. For instance, if a baby acquires an infection in the neonatal unit then the length of their stay is typically doubled – a two-month stay becomes a four-month stay. Identifying and treating these infections earlier has the potential to slash these times.
So far the Artemis platform is being used in partnering hospitals in Canada, China and the United States. It has developed to the point where it is scalable and will be rolled out to more hospitals in the near future.
McGregor says neonatal babies are arguably the most complex patient population, so solving a problem for them first, means it will be easier to solve for other populations. Indeed, McGregor’s work has applications beyond neonatal critical care. Variations in the heartbeat, for instance, can indicate a viral or bacterial infection, the onset of depression, drowsiness, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
It also has application beyond the traditional healthcare sector. A conversation with former Canadian astronaut Dave Williams led to a joint project with the Canadian Space Agency and NASA on how the technology can be used to monitor the health of astronauts when they travel into space.
Astronauts share several similarities with neonatal babies, McGregor says. “Both have to do with adaption. There’s a physical body change when a baby is born, and when it’s born early the change happens before the body’s ready. The lungs have to start to functioning to provide oxygen to the body and the heart changes its function when you’re born. And when an astronaut goes into space, they have to deal with weightlessness, there is a risk from radiation and the impact of weightlessness on the body can cause problems. We need monitoring systems to help watch the body adapt,” she says.
There are plans to use the system on NASA’s planned journey to Mars in the next couple of decades, because there will be weeks at a time when the alignment of the moon and the planets cut the astronauts off from communication with Earth.
McGregor is also working with tactical response teams.When soldiers or police have to clear a building or rescue a hostage, their adrenalin can surge and their heart rate can accelerate to such an extent that they’re at risk of passing out. A platform called Athena gathers and monitors the soldiers’ physical indicators as they complete virtual reality training and provides analytics of how their body is behaving during the training activity. In this way they can understand how they are behaving in those scenarios which helps them learn how to control their physical reactions.
McGregor grew up in the Hills district of Sydney’s north-west and says she always had an affinity with maths and enjoyed logic puzzles, so her maths teacher suggested she study computing after finishing school.
She enrolled in computer science at the University of Technology, Sydney and at the same time worked at St George bank as a computer science cadet. Following her studies, she joined and ultimately led a project at St George to set up what was then called an executive information system and would now be referred to as big data. “It was the first of the new type of computing systems to analyse the way the business ran as opposed to the computing systems that we originally had which were systems to help the company run,” she says.
After a stint at Woolworths using data to understand what customers were buying and how to group products in the store to induce them to spend more, McGregor enrolled at the University of Technology, Sydney to do her PhD in computer science, and then began to teach part time at the University of Western Sydney (now Western Sydney University)
It was then that Dr Mark Tracy, a neonatologist from the Nepean Hospital, approached the University of Western Sydney and said he’d like to work with the computing and maths departments because he had more data than he knew what to do with – a visit that set McGregor on her current path.
McGregor says the practical experience that many Australians gain during education by being required to spend time working in companies while they study, is invaluable and an opportunity that many other countries do not provide.
As McGregor completed her undergraduate degree, she was one of only five women in a class of around 100. Sometimes women in science and IT can have inferiority complexes she says. But a well-functioning innovative environment needs different perspectives and people of different backgrounds, genders and cultures, she says. “So for women I would say, acknowledge the skill set that you have and the abilities that you have. You have a fantastic potential to make a significant difference in the technology space.”
Australian workers are highly regarded overseas, she says. “I think the Australian culture is to just get in, contribute, make a difference, get it done. We have a very good reputation as a highly skilled workforce to come into companies, whether you’re bringing innovation or you’re just bringing commitment,” says McGregor.
While McGregor currently bases herself in Canada, she is is an honorary professorial fellow at the University of Wollongong, south of Sydney which enables her to supervise students in Australia and also to bring her research to Australia.
McGregor says she is inspired by the possibilities for further innovations in the use of big data for medical research.
“I really think we’re just at that tip of the iceberg of a whole new wave of doing research in the medical space,” she says. “
“This is the new face of health care. In partnership with genomics, for every individual using fitbits and other personalised devices, the way forward will be to manage your own health and wellness. We are building the platforms and tools to do this.”
Find out more about Australian women breaking new ground in science.
Finding the elusive Alzheimer’s cure
A pure water future
High-flying edutech platform
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UAW: Majority of workers at VW plant in Tenn. have signed union cards
A majority of workers at Volkswagen's assembly plant in Tennessee have signed union cards supporting the UAW's representation in creating a German-style works council at the factory, union officials say.
The development means the factory in Chattanooga, Tenn., is closer to becoming the first U.S. vehicle assembly plant run by a foreign company in decades to have its workers officially represented by a union.
"Yes, we have a majority," UAW President Bob King told German business daily Handelsblatt in a preview of an article to be published on Friday.
More than 50 percent of the employees at the plant, which according to VW figures numbered 2,415, have signed union cards and registered as future union members, the paper said.
Volkswagen declined to comment but the company's head of human resources defended the union's attempts to organize workers at the plant.
"I find it very depressing how deeply divided the country is on the issue of labor unions," Horst Neumann told Reuters late on Wednesday following a panel discussion with German auto industry executives and senior labor leaders from Germany's IG Metall union.
"Had they been here to listen to the roundtable discussion they would have seen that we work together -- it's a model for success," said Neumann, a member of IG Metall who joined the board of Europe's largest carmaker in December 2005.
Gary Casteel, the Tennessee-based regional director for the UAW, told the Associated Press that the cards include a statement about wanting to join VW's global works council and supporting cooperative and collaborative relations with the company.
The cards are as legally binding as an election by the workers at the plant in Chattanooga, he said.
VW said last month the plant employed nearly 2,700 workers. It's unclear how many workers would be covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Under U.S. labor law, companies can choose to recognize a union when a majority of workers sign cards or request that a secret ballot election be held among workers.
A successful organizing drive at the Volkswagen plant, which began producing the Passat sedan in 2011, would signal a sea change in labor relations among foreign automakers who have resisted collective bargaining pacts at factories across the South.
Republican politicians in the region have expressed fears that a UAW foothold would hurt future corporate recruiting and economic development efforts.
VW officials have signaled they plan to build additional models at the plant, a move that is expected to add to payrolls.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp. operates a plant in Normal, Ill., that is represented by the UAW. The factory opened as a joint venture between Mitsubishi and Chrysler that was later dissolved.
Reuters and David Phillips contributed to this report.
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DAG DETTER
Keynote, Wednesday, 9:00am: The Opportunity in Asset Management
Dag Detter is Managing Director of Whetstone and a Fellow at Legatum Institute. Previously he was the President of Stattum, the Swedish government holding company and Director of State Enterprises at the Ministry of Industry, he led the first transformation of state commercial assets.
He specializes in identifying underperforming high-potential assets and advising in the acquisition/disposal process for private and public institutions.
The former investment banker and advisor to the private equity sector has also served as an advisor to the IMF, World Bank, IFC and the OECD on the development of state commercial assets. He was also an advisor within the corporate, real estate and financial sector in China and Europe.
Dag has in-depth industrial experience and has served as Non-Executive Director on a number of boards of private and public companies including Telia the Swedish telecom company, Celsius, the European defense contractor and DTZ, the international real estate corporation.
Born in Sweden, he holds a degree in Business and Sinology from Sweden and has studied classical Chinese history in China.
Dag has co-authored: The Public Wealth of Nations – How Management of Public Assets Can Boost or Bust Economic Growth
This book shows that public wealth is vast and could be put to much better use.
Most countries’ public wealth is larger than their public debt. While managing debt has become a matter of great concern during the financial crisis, public wealth remains opaque and largely ignored.
The polarized debate between privatizers and nationalizers has missed the most important point – the quality of asset management.
According to our calculations an achievable improvement in public wealth management would yield returns greater than the world’s combined investment in infrastructure such as transport, power, water and communications.
This book explores how some countries are experimenting with institutional setups, such as National Wealth Funds that achieve sounder management and cleaner democracy.
An extract from the Foreword written by Adrian Wooldridge, The Schumpeter Editor of The Economist
IT IS not every day that you come across a new idea in public policy. After the burst of creativity of the 1990s statecraft is becoming sterile. The left is retreating into the big government ideas of the 1970s. The right is failing to address the great problems of our time such as rising inequality. The left demonizes the use of market-mechanisms to improve the state. The right demonizes the use of the state to address market failures. At a time when tech-entrepreneurs are reinventing the world public policy-makers are reinventing the wheel.
The idea of the public wealth of nations is just such a new idea. It identifies a problem that few people had realized exists. It shatters the tired categories of left and right. And it suggests a relatively pain-free way of boosting economic growth.
Thomas W. Smith
Faculty Associate/Program Director
College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Thomas W. Smith, MS, is a Program Director in the Department of Engineering Professional Development, University of Wisconsin–Madison. Currently focused on research and continuing education in the area of physical asset management. Served as a U.S. delegate and task group leader for ISO Standards Committee on Asset Management (ISO 55000:2014). Member of the Faculty of the Institute of Asset Management. Author of a series of whitepapers on asset management in real estate and commerce, published by the Newman Real Estate Institute, Baruch College, City University of New York.
Founder of the UW’s Master of Engineering in Professional Practice (MEPP) degree. This is a fully online master of engineering, designed for mid-career engineers seeking to improve their technical leadership skils and to move up their organization’s technical ladder.
Previous research experience with the UW’s Institute for Environmental Studies and teaching and public service in energy management and energy auditing.
John Bernhards
Associate Vice President/Chief Operating Officer
APPA – Leadership in Educational Facilities
John Bernhards serves as the Associate Vice President for APPA, the leading international organization for educational facilities with over 1,300 member institutions and 8,000 active facilities and physical plant professionals. John is responsible for overseeing APPA’s operations and services. Additionally, John serves as the staff liaison to the APPA Standards and Codes Council. The Council actively monitors national and international standards and codes activities, and introduces recommended language and changes to existing and pending standards and codes impacting the educational facilities environment. Additionally, John serves as the APPA representative on the U.S. Technical Advisory Group to the ISO Technical Committee 267 – Facilities Management, which formulates and submits standards language contributions and recommendations, on behalf of the U.S., into the ISO committee. John also previously served for ten years as an association executive and publications author for the Building Service Contractors Association International, and managed educational programs and services in support of the facilities maintenance profession.
Bob Holcombe
Director, Personal Property Management Policy
Bob Holcombe has been with GSA since 2002, ans previously worked at various Federal asset management positions including U.S. Department of Justice where he managed agency personal property, and at NASA’s Washington, D.C. Headquarters as Supply and Equipment Management Officer.
Terry L. Wireman
Senior Vice President of Strategic Development, Vesta Partners
Terry L. Wireman has focused on improvement of maintenance management and reliability for more than 20 years. He has authored fifteen books and numerous white papers, articles and blog posts related to maintenance management process and technology.
James M. Dieter
Executive Director, Asset Leadership Network
Head of US Delegation to ISO PC/251
Jim Dieter is a leader of the international Asset Management community. He is head of US Delegation to ISO TC/251 for ISO 55000, and has written seven ASTM Asset Management standards. As Senior Advisor with Turner & Townsend AMCL, and founder and Executive Director of the Asset Leadership Network, Jim’s involvement in multiple sectors as an asset management operational leader and strategic consultant for multinational corporations and government agencies continues.
Alexander Kurien
Deputy Associate Administrator, the Office of U.S. Government-Wide Policy, General Services Administration
As the Deputy Associate Administrator for the Office of Asset and Transportation Management, Mr. Kurien is responsible for developing and implementing effective government-wide policies and guidance to provide a structured framework for agencies to achieve economical and effective management processes for government assets policy program areas, including aircraft and motor vehicles, personal property, real property, transportation, mail, passenger travel, and relocation allowances and entitlements – with a sphere of influence of $4 trillion. This Office also manages several interagency committees to promote best practices, transparency, and accountability, and provides advice for establishing and managing Federal advisory committees, as mandated by the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
Prior to his position at GSA, Kurien served the U.S. Department of State, joining in 1999 as a Senior Real Property Advisor and promoted in 2004 to Director of the Office of Strategic Planning. Through establishing policies and effective program management, Kurien saved the American people over $775 million during his tenure with State. In Iraq, he managed a comprehensive U.S. government real property strategy for transitioning from the Coalition Provisional Authority to a U.S. embassy. Kurien administered State’s annual $2.6 billion Capital Security Construction and Maintenance Cost Sharing programs and formulated the security priorities and holistic requirements for the construction of 135 newly opened embassies and consulates in five continents.
Through strategic restructuring, Kurien implemented new policies and controls for the oversight of State’s real property portfolio totaling $85 billion across 180 countries, and received a clean audit certification. He built a more efficient, functional, easy-to-use interface for conducting performance matrix and data analysis and utilizing intelligent asset management tools. He also administered State’s annual Long-Range Plan outlining $19 billion in strategic construction and maintenance and represented State on the government’s Real Property Advisory Committee (RPAC) and the Federal Real Property Council (FRPC).
Mr. Steven Martinko
Government Affairs Counselor, K&L Gates
Mr. Martinko’s diverse public policy and management experience includes service as executive director of the Port of Pittsburgh Commission; deputy staff director of the U.S. House of Representatives Transportation and Infrastructure Committee (T&I Committee); chief of staff to Congressman Bill Shuster (R-PA), chairman of the T&I Committee and a member of the House Armed Services Committee; and director of floor debate for former House Republican Conference Chair Deborah Pryce (R-OH)
During his distinguished career as a Congressional staff member, Stephen played an integral role in enacting major initiatives into law in nearly every mode of transportation. Among his accomplishments, Mr. Martinko was the lead staff negotiator for the Water Resources Reform and Development Act (WRRDA) of 2014, served as a member of the senior strategy and negotiating team for the most recent surface transportation bill (MAP-21), and oversaw enactment of ground-breaking pipeline safety legislation.
Mr. John Anderson
Vice President, Van Scoyoc Associates
As the most senior Congressional aide to leave the water policy and infrastructure staff in a decade, John Anderson provides VSA’s clients with an insider’s perspective on water resources issues. He offers advice on a range of issues including water resources development, conservation and management, water pollution control and water infrastructure, and hazardous waste cleanup.
Prior to joining VSA, John served as the Republican Staff Director for the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee’s Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee, a position he held for nine years. In that role, he was responsible for the management of all aspects of the legislative process for water resources and environmental issues that came before the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. For his service, Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman Bill Shuster recognized Anderson as “one of Congress’ foremost staff experts on our Nation’s ports and waterways infrastructure and federal water resources programs.”
Dr. Nicole T. Carter
Natural Resources Policy Specialist, Congressional Research Service
Dr. Nicole Carter is a Natural Resources Specialist with the Congressional Research Service at the U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, DC and 2011-2012 Fulbright Scholar
Her research aims to identify policies that may increase energy’s water use (e.g., promotion of some climate mitigation and renewable electricity technologies) and policies that are or could be used to manage this use. The results could inform water, energy, and climate policy in Australia and elsewhere.
Nicole has a BS (Civil Engineering) from The University of Texas at Austin; an MS (Engineering) and a PhD (Civil and Environmental Engineering) from Stanford University. She has published extensively, including many reports to Congress. In her spare time she enjoys hiking and water sports.
Dr. Jeffrey Jacobs
National Academy of Sciences, Water Science and Technology Board
Jeffrey Jacobs is the Director of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington, DC. The WSTB serves as an independent advisor to the U.S. Congress, federal agencies, and other entities through volunteer expert committees on a variety of national water science and related policy issues. In his 18 years at the NRC, Jeffrey has directed several National Academies studies of prominent U.S. water issues, including Mississippi River and northern Gulf of Mexico water quality, Colorado River hydrology and climate, New Orleans hurricane protection, National Flood Insurance Program premium affordability, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers infrastructure, and planning principles and methods. He also has conducted extensive research on water planning issues in Southeast Asia’s Mekong River basin. Jeffrey holds a PhD degree in geography from the University of Colorado.
Mr. David Wegner
Senior Scientific Consultant, Jacobs Engineering and formerly Senior Professional Staff, Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, U.S. House of Representatives
David Wegner recently retired from the Senior Staff of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure for the U.S. House of Representatives in Washington D.C. His background is in the natural sciences, fluvial geomorphology and civil engineering, public policy development, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, Tribal and western water, and the National Environmental Policy Act.
Dave began his career working for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources doing limnology assessments in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Subsequent work included engineering and environmental analysis associated with the development of the Central Utah Water Project. After completion of a Master’s Degree in Hydraulic Engineering and Natural Resources he returned to the Department of the Interior where he focused on developing the first limnological survey of the Upper Colorado River basin reservoirs. From 1982 through 1996 he was Program Manager for the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies – the first assessment of the operations of Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell on the Grand Canyon. In 1997 he started his own international environmental small business and focused on dam and ecosystem impacts on rivers around the globe.
Register for the Federal Leadership in Asset Management Forum
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Afreximbank Moves Journal of African Trade to Atlantis Press
Atlantis Press reached an agreement with the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) earlier this week to provide publishing services for the Journal of African Trade. The journal transfers from its current publisher Elsevier and will be the first trade journal in the Atlantis Press journal portfolio.
The African Export-Import Bank founded the Journal of African Trade (JAT) in 2014 with the aim to publish articles that test, advance and develop models, frameworks and concepts in the broad areas of international trade and trade finance, economic growth and development, and international finance, and to facilitate a greater understanding of the role of trade and trade-related issues in the process of economic development in Africa. Since its launch the journal has been published by Elsevier with the first 5 volumes appearing on ScienceDirect. Atlantis Press will be the new publisher starting from Volume 6, while the complete archive of the journal will also be published on the Atlantis Press platform.
Remco de Boer, CEO of Atlantis Press journals publishing services subsidiary Atlantis Press International, is happy to see that the company's journal portfolio continues to grow across different disciplines: “I am delighted that Afreximbank has chosen to move their journal to Atlantis Press. The Journal of African Trade is devoted to research on African trade and trade finance and to matters relating to the socio-economic development of Africa. These are areas of growing interest globally. As such, the journal fills an important gap in the availability of information and statistics on African trade and trade finance and on trade-related issues of interest to entities promoting and financing African trade. It is also an important win for Atlantis Press as we welcome our first economics journal to the portfolio.”
JAT will remain a fully open access journal which is scheduled to appear semi-annually. Publication in the journal will be free of charge for Authors as all open access publication fees are subsidized by Afreximbank. The first 2019 issue is expected to appear in June and the online system for new submissions is expected to open shortly.
Atlantis Press (https://www.atlantis-press.com) is a global open access publisher of scientific, technical and medical (STM) content which was founded in Paris in 2006 and which currently has offices in Paris, Amsterdam, Hong Kong and Beijing. The company’s mission is to support the advancement of scientific, technical and medical research by contributing to a more efficient and effective dissemination and exchange of knowledge both for the research community and society at large. The Atlantis Press content platform currently contains more than 95,000 published articles which are all open access and hence freely accessible.
The African Export-Import Bank (https://afreximbank.com/) is a pan-African multilateral financial institution which was established in Nigeria in 1993 for the purpose of financing, promoting and expanding intra- and extra-African trade. Currently headquartered in Cairo, Egypt, the bank aims to stimulate a consistent expansion, diversification and development of African trade while operating as a first class, profit-oriented, socially responsible financial institution and a centre of excellence in African trade matters. Afreximbank currently holds 12 billion USD in total assets with capital funds in excess of 2.3 billion USD, and generated a net income of 220.5 million USD in 2017 at a cost-to-income ratio of 18%.
Atlantis Press
Atlantis Press is a professional publisher of scientific, technical and medical (STM) proceedings, journals and books. We offer world-class services, fast turnaround times and personalised communication. The proceedings and journals on our platform are Open Access and generate millions of downloads every month.
For more information, please contact us at: contact@atlantis-press.com
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2 to 3 article paper for that graduate amount education school – Struggle Management Essay or dissertation Example
Christian Dating Information: Five Methods for Christian Singles
Paddy Jenkins: From A Big Shopping Centre In Ballymena To The Outskirts Of Westeros
Now, Play, Theatre
Paddy Jenkins is an actor who’s been around the block a few times. He’s known for his comic roles, and he can also do serious, but sadly, for now anyway, it looks like his journey doesn’t look destined to stop at Westeros.
Paddy will star in the Big Telly Theatre Production of Puckoon at The MAC which starts on April 20. We caught up with him before the 10-night run in Belfast and chatted about some of his career milestones.
Paddy first came to most people’s attention in Northern Ireland as the wee Ballymena man in a series of adverts for Fairhill Shopping Centre.
He said: “It was a wee bit of a double-edged sword. For all the people who loved it there were the same amount of people who hated it.
“I remember being up in Ballymena driving about in a bus that had a blown up photo of me on the side of it and the real me hanging out the top waving. We got torrents of abuse from this woman who hated the ad. She was calling me all the names of the day. I suppose I was like a local version of the ‘Go Compare’ man.
“What amazed me the most about that ad was four years after it first aired, I got called back to make another one and they took us to New York. I thought they were joking. It didn’t sink in until I was standing in front of the Statue of Liberty.”
Paddy is also very well-known to the Grand Opera House audiences, who’ll have seen him in many a panto.
He said: “I’m not a funny person. There are thousands of people funnier than me. My good friend John Linehan (May McFettridge) is one.
“But I think what works for me is me working with a writer. I love to see funny stuff written and give it my tuppence worth on top of that. I love the comedy stuff but I love the serious stuff.
“I’ve done Give My Head Peace with the Hole in the Wall gang, but I’ve also done a play with them about the paedophile priest Father Brendan Smyth. I played the father of one of the victims, so I spent some time talking to a father of one of the real victims. That was the most challenging role I’ve ever played.”
One of the most poignant roles of his career was as Alex Higgins in Dancing Shoes: The George Best Story in The Grand Opera House.
Paddy explained: “I was playing Alex Higgins the night he died. I don’t think many actors will have been in that position. Playing someone on stage at the same time as that person died 300 yards up the street.”
Of the upcoming show in The MAC he said: “I was a bit too young for Spike Milligan. I didn’t know the story until I read the script. It breaks the fourth wall and the fifth wall. It took him four years to write and it nearly sent him mad and I’m trying to learn it in just two weeks.
“I was aware that Puckoon had been made into a film in Northern Ireland a few years back, I remember trying to get in to the rap party at O’Neill’s. I was doing panto at the time. It was an exclusive event and the bouncer wasn’t for letting us in.
“Elliott Gould (who starred in the film) was standing outside and he spots me and says, “Hello Paddy, it’s great to see you!” He brought us in and the bouncers stepped aside. Turns out Elliott Gould had seen me in the panto. I never expected that he’d know me before I knew him.”
Finally he explained how he managed to get a part in Game of Thrones, but why his scene never saw the light of day.
“I’d been picked for a scene where we were members of Grand Masters of Meereen and we were getting tortured for killing 163 slave children,” he said. “There was six or seven of us and we were hanging up and being beaten.
“Myself and another actor were meant to be on camera for the scene with the rest of the extras in the background. When they lined us up for the scene they put an extra where I was supposed to be. I didn’t cause a fuss, I thought sure why not give the fella his break.
“It took ages getting the scene set up, the make up was fantastic, all the while we were hanging there. When the director yelled ‘Action’ the guy who was in my place fainted.
“By the time they set up the scene again it had to be filmed in a rush and ended up on the cutting room floor.
“I took the money and ran and I got to work with Michelle MacLaren, the producer of Breaking Bad, who was directing that scene. Because the scene never made it at least I’ve got another chance to be in it.”
Paddy Jenkins stars in Puckoon at The MAC which opens on Wednesday April 20. Get your tickets here
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↙ 11mph
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Passenger and Light Truck Tires
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Dunlop started one day in 1888 when John Boyd Dunlop was watching his son ride his tricycle. Dunlop noticed how rough the ride was because the tires were treaded with metal...
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MICHELIN® was founded under the Michelin Rubber Factory in 1888 by Édouard and André Michelin in Paris, France. The original Rubber Company has since grown into the biggest tire manufacturer...
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Patient Success Stories: Cristina Freeman
Cristina Freeman
Former patient Cristina Freeman has described her care at Benenden Hospital as “sensitive” “marvellous” and “fantastic”.
Mrs Freeman, 52, from Essex, had a subtotal hysterectomy at the Hospital after pre-cancerous polyps were found.
They were like angels to me. I would like to thank the staff for everything they have done, for the support, the smiles, the empathy and the kindness
Mrs Cristina Freeman
Previously she had feared there was a problem but was told she would have to wait five months to have diagnostic tests with the NHS.
Unhappy with the waiting time Mrs Freeman called Benenden, having been a member for many years – and had tests at Benenden Hospital two weeks later and her surgery soon after that.
She said: “I am still amazed at the kindness, professionalism and quality of care I have received. This was a very traumatic experience for me and all the staff have gone above and beyond their call of duty, they have done everything humanly possible to make my suffering and recovery as smooth as possible.
“They were like angels to me. I would like to thank the staff for everything they have done, for the support, the smiles, the empathy and the kindness.
“Above all I want to thank Benenden for having such an exquisite quality of care towards their patients. It is a blessing to be a member of Benenden.”
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Hollywood Spotlight: Blake Lively
Kristina Kyrland
The vibrant Blake Lively is the deserving focus of our celebrity Hollywood Spotlight. Half of one of Hollywood’s most favorite movie star power couples, Blake Lively first stole our hearts as Bridget Vreeland in the emotional, teen movie The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Though it was her first movie role, she dazzled audiences and critics alike with her portrayal of a reckless teenager struggling with the loss of her mother to suicide. Her skilled performance in such a deep role was a proof that Blake Lively was a star on the rise. (Image Credit: Dominique Charriau/WireImage)
Her success in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants led this up-and-comer to her next big role which would begin to make her a household name. Cast as Serena van der Woodsen, the “it girl” in Gossip Girl (2007-2012), Blake Lively really hit her stride. Throughout the six seasons the show dominated in the youth television market, Blake Lively also kept busy with numerous movie projects.
The summer movie, The Shallows (2016), highlighted not only Blake Lively’s amazing physical fitness but the depths of her acting abilities. For the vast majority of the thriller, in which she plays a surfer stranded within the feeding zone of a great white shark, she acts alone. With no costar but a computer generated shark, all of the responsibility for plot movement and audience connection sat squarely on her shoulders. She did not disappoint. Both critics and viewers were impressed with the talented celebrity’s performance.
Some of Blake Lively’s other notable works include The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008), The Private Lives of Pippa Lee (2009), The Town (2010), The Age of Adaline (2015), and All I See Is You (2016).
For skilled actors like Blake Lively, every movie role is important but it was her turn as Hal Jordan’s love interest, Carol Ferris, in Green Lantern (2011) that holds a special place in her heart. It was on that movie set that Blake Lively first met Ryan Reynolds. At the time, she was in a long term romantic relationship and Ryan Reynolds was married to movie star, Scarlet Johansson. The two had great chemistry and developed a friendship. At the end of filming, they went their separate ways but their friendship stayed strong. When both of their romantic relationships ended, they began dating and a dynamic, humorous celebrity couple was born! They married in 2012 and are loving parents to daughters James and Inez.
Blake Lively’s fans will be happy to know that she has two films currently in the works. This September, she will costar with Anna Kendrick in the Paul Feig mystery thriller, A Simple Favor. In February 2019, she will also be starring opposite Jude Law in The Rhythm Section, an action thriller based on the page turner of the same name. No matter the movie, we know Blake Lively will give her all in the performance and we will be thrilled to enjoy the results!
celebrity couple
Kristina Kyrland is an East Coast girl at heart. She has always had an affinity for the glamorous and opulent lifestyle of southern California. When she’s not writing, she can be found traveling to new destinations with her family or exploring different ways to create peace in her home.
Hollywood Spotlight: Chris Pine
Celebrity Spotlight: Jessica Alba
Hollywood Spotlight: Halle Berry
Hollywood Spotlight: Alec Baldwin
Hollywood Spotlight: Anne Hathaway
Celebrity Of The Week: Emilia Clarke
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Azerbaijani athletes aim high at FIG Acrobatic Gymnastics World Cup
Azerbaijani gymnast Seymur Jafarov, who performs in pair with gymnast Murad Akbarov, told Trend that they have one goal at the upcoming FIG Acrobatic Gymnastics World Cup in Baku - to win the first place.
“The training was successful, I liked everything,” said Jafarov. “There were some negative moments, but there is still time to correct them. I hope that we will perform successfully at the World Cup. We are both physically and psychologically ready.”
The athlete stressed that responsibility is increasing because the FIG Acrobatic Gymnastics World Cup will be held in Azerbaijan for the first time.
“It is a great pride when you become a winner in your home country and the flag of your country flies, and, of course, this makes you more responsible,” he said.
The FIG Acrobatic Gymnastics World Cup will be held for the first time in Baku on November 17-18.
Teams of Belarus, Israel, Kazakhstan, India, Russia and Ukraine will participate in the competitions.
At this World Cup, Azerbaijan will be represented by bronze medalists of the recent European Championships, Mixed Pairs - Abdulla Al-Mashaykhi - Ruhidil Gurbanli and Aghasif Rahimov - Nurjan Jabbarli.
Silver medalists of the World Age Group Competitions (2016) - Seymur Jafarov and Murad Akbarov - will compete for the best places within the Men's Pairs competitions.
During the two-day event, gymnasts born in 2003 and older will compete in Men’s Pairs, Women’s Pairs, Mixed Pairs, Women's Groups and Men's Groups competitions.
The traditional AGF Trophy Cup will also be presented to Pairs and Groups who get the highest scores at the event.
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Posted in | Electronics
New, Tiny Device Could Accelerate Memory and Save Power
Written by AZoMDec 14 2018
The term “smart” is ubiquitous from watches to whole buildings. However, the more the devices are made “smart,” the greater is the need for these objects to store and recover huge amounts of data rapidly without consuming excess power.
Researchers have discovered a new functionality in a two-dimensional material that allows data to be stored and retrieved much faster on a computer chip, saving battery life. (Image credit: Purdue University)
Now, thanks to the discovery of a formerly unobserved functionality in a material known as molybdenum ditelluride, a countless number of novel memory cells could be part of a computer chip and offer that energy and speed savings.
The two-dimensional (2D) material constructs a memory cell by stacking into many layers. In association with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Theiss Research Inc., Purdue University researchers have designed this novel device. The results of the study have been reported in an advance online issue of Nature Materials.
Better memory technologies have been a long-standing requirement of chip-maker companies that could allow them to achieve a growing network of smart devices. Resistive random access memory, or RRAM for short, presents one of these innovative possibilities.
An electrical current in RRAM is usually powered via a memory cell composed of stacked materials, producing a change in resistance that records data as 1s and 0s in memory. The series of 1s and 0s among memory cells detects pieces of data that is read by a computer to execute a function and subsequently store into memory again.
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For storing and recovering data about trillions of times, a material would have to be sufficiently strong; however, materials presently used have not been much reliable. Therefore, RRAM is yet to become available for wide-ranging applications on computer chips.
Molybdenum ditelluride can possibly withstand all those cycles.
“We haven’t yet explored system fatigue using this new material, but our hope is that it is both faster and more reliable than other approaches due to the unique switching mechanism we've observed,” stated Joerg Appenzeller, Purdue University’s Barry M. and Patricia L. Epstein Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the scientific director of nanoelectronics at the Birck Nanotechnology Center.
Molybdenum ditelluride enables a system to change more rapidly between 0 and 1, possibly boosting the speed of storing and retrieving data. The reason of this is when the cell is applied with an electric field, atoms are displaced by a small distance, leading to a state of low resistance, noted as 1, or a state of high resistance, noted as 0, which can take place relatively faster than switching in traditional RRAM devices.
“Because less power is needed for these resistive states to change, a battery could last longer,” stated Appenzeller.
Each memory cell in a computer chip cell would be placed at the wires’ intersection, creating a memory array known as cross-point RRAM.
Appenzeller’s laboratory intends to construct a stacked memory cell that also integrates the other important parts of a computer chip—“interconnects,” wires that transfer electrical signals, and “logic,” which processes data—by using a library of new electronic materials developed at NIST.
“Logic and interconnects drain battery too, so the advantage of an entirely two-dimensional architecture is more functionality within a small space and better communication between memory and logic,” said Appenzeller.
For this technology, two U.S. patent applications have been filed via the Purdue Office of Technology Commercialization.
The study was funded by the Semiconductor Research Corporation via the NEW LIMITS Center (headed by Purdue University), NIST, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Material Genome Initiative.
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Fair attempts to quell investor's stock market worries
Kairi Kurm
TALLINN - It is amazing how few Estonians actually invest in the Tallinn Stock Exchange, although it seems that most businessmen are somehow involved in it.
The Tallinn Stock Exchange together with the business daily Aripaev and international news agency Reuters organized a fair called "Rahakompass (Money compass) 2000" in Tallinn on Oct. 20-21 to popularize the different investment opportunities in Estonia and raise interest in the equity market.
In 1997 the number of active investors, who made at least five stock transactions a year, was 7,000. Today the number has decreased to 2,000. According to Gert Tiivas, head of the Tallinn Stock Exchange, the aim of the stock exchange is to increase the number of investors to 25,000 by the year 2003.
"Many people say that stocks listed on the Tallinn Stock Exchange are not liquid enough because of the size of the market," said Tiivas.
"The percentage of the Estonian population that is actively trading stocks is only 3 percent to 4 percent, while in Sweden, for example, it is 60 percent."
He said that the rise in incomes and savings and the stability that comes with membership in the European Union should contribute to the increase in the number of investors in Estonia.
The aim of the fair, which took place in the Estonian National Library, is to improve the knowledge of different investment opportunities in Estonia and take away the fear of making the first transaction, said Tiivas.
"The fair was aimed at future investors - youngsters, students and those who have money but have not thought of investing it," he said. "All the participants are very amazed at how many interested visitors we had," Aadu Oja from Trigon Investment Management said.
To help promote investments the Tallinn Stock Exchange charged no transaction fees to member firms for transactions made by private persons on Oct. 20 and Oct. 23. Most firms passed the free trades onto their clients.
Also the Estonian Central Depository for Securities did not charge account operators the 75 kroon fee Oct. 16-27 for opening securities accounts. Some banks followed.
Minister of Finance Siim Kallas predicted that, based on how many people he saw attending the fair, a remarkable recovery in the investment business is underway.
"Most people keep their money on deposits, which is a very passive way of investments," said Kallas.
According to Oja, Estonians keep about 14 billion kroons in commercial banks, 60 percent of which is on a time deposit that does not return revenue on interest.
"Most Estonians are very insecure in making financial decisions and make short-run plans mainly," said Oja. "At present their interest towards stocks is low, and so are the local stock prices. I hope that they will get interested in investing soon, otherwise it will give a good opportunity for foreign strategic investors to come and take over the few good companies."
Although Kallas suggested diversifying investment portfolios, he admitted that he had not invested in stocks himself.
"I am a theorist in this field. I have a principle that if someone is active in politics he should not deal with stocks, otherwise these two things could dangerously get mixed up," he said.
Although Tiivas is managing the Tallinn Stock Exchange, he also confessed that he had so far not invested in stocks.
"Like most of the young people I spent my savings on studies, which is not cheap in the United States. I am also collecting money on a savings deposit in order to buy an apartment," said Tiivas.
Oja said that he had invested most of his money in real estate and the rest of it he had placed in Trigon's securities fund, which returned 49 percent revenue in 12 months.
Most of the top managers who were asked to promote their company's shares admitted that they did not own the company's stocks that they worked for and did not have any other stocks either.
Jaan Mannik from Eesti Telekom said that he did not have any Telekom stocks but he would like to motivate the company's employees with it in the future.
Norma's head Peep Siimon admitted that he hadn't any Norma stock and wasn't sure if he wanted any "because the company's share price had nothing to do with the company's welfare."
"People should not hurry with getting rich," Kallas warned. "Money should be placed in places where there is the biggest need for that and where it makes the biggest profit."
"Money is the blood of an economy. If it moves fast and well, it will influence the health of the economy positively," he continued.
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Regulatory framework for purchasing and selling cash foreign currencies has been improved
Estonia: New bicycle rental co starts in Tallinn
European Commission gives full approval to railway electrification project
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Ryan Gosling On Eating His Cereal, Elvis And Twitter
By David Hovenden
International man of the moment, Ryan Gosling, has told a 12,000 strong audience at Adobe’s Summit in Las Vegas this week more people were watching the Vine series of him refusing to eat his cereal than the actual movies they were parodying.
Speaking with Adobe CMO’s Ann Lewnes, in a wide ranging interview, Gosling said the ‘Ryan Gosling won’t eat his cereal’ phenomena made him aware of the potential power of such extraordinarily simple pieces of content.
“Memes are weird by design and they’re supposed to be . . . What happened with this cereal one, and what made me aware of the potential power of them was a kid named Ryan McHenry, who I think was Scottish and as the story goes was one night high and watching a film I did, Drive, and was eating cereal and thought it was really funny to make it look like I wouldn’t eat my cereal while he was watching the film.
“At any other time in history, that would have been just a funny thing you thought to yourself, but now you can make that into a Vine and in that moment it just caught fire. I’m sure he would have thought it just would have been funny to him and his friends.
“But when I was leaving my house in LA and walking down the street, people would yell at me, why won’t you eat your cereal? This bothers me because I am a fan of cereal. I didn’t understand it.
“Then he didn’t only do it to Drive, but he did it to every other film I’d been in and he made this series. The thing is, more people were watching this Vine than had seen the films they were featuring.
“It even got to the point when I was would film a scene, sometimes I would see the spoon coming in, and I’d think this guys going to cereal this too. So I had like this weird relationship to him. It was part of my day to day in some strange way.
“He eventually got cancer and passed away and it was really strange because I didn’t know this person, I’d never met him, but yet he was part of my life. I guess I was for him in some small way.
“The only thing I could think to do was to eat my cereal. So I just filmed a little vine of my doing that and I felt like a little circle had closed.
“It struck me that even though there are inconsequential things that are sort of off-hand ideas that we can sketch out, there’s actually a connective power to them I feel like has yet to be tapped. Right now it’s this Bambi on ice phase, which is trying to find its footing, but there really is something more powerful about them,” Gosling related.
Gosling also revealed that he was preparing himself to defend La La Land and its success was such a surprise to him. “I thought there could have been some ridicule.”
And in relation to that moment during the Oscars, when La La Land was named best picture, Gosling said he was relieved when he found out Moonlight had won, because he thought something terrible, such as a terrorist attack or similar had happened.
He also added he was actually thrilled for the Moonlight team because he thought it was an extraordinary movie done with such a low budget.
Gosling also said it was his uncle’s decision to become an Elvis impersonator which inspired him to become an actor. He said it was his uncle’s commitment to the role and the impact it had on his entire family that made him crave that special feeling of magic you get when you’re creating something.
“He started playing in malls and he believed he was Elvis, the audience believed he was Elvis. It was a sheer force of will. He was risking humiliation; Elvis impersonation is a hard thing to do.
“I admired that he put himself out there and I learnt a lot from that. I was inspired by him. I had to commit to making movies in the same way.”
Gosling also discussed his use of Twitter, which goes against last year’s special guest at Adobe Summit, George Clooney, who said if you’re famous and you’re on Twitter you’re an idiot.
Gosling said the thing about Twitter is it takes all the fear out of public speaking, but not the consequences.
“I am very aware when I Tweet I’m about to speak to 2 million people if not more. It doesn’t help to picture them in their underwear because half of them probably are anyway.
“I initially got Twitter because someone was pretending to be me. That was weird so I took it back and I started Tweeting for myself and very quickly Twitter told me that this other guy was better at being me. I do Tweet for myself, much to the dismay of my followers.”
Memes are weird by design and they’re supposed to be. What happened with this cereal one, and what made me aware of the potential power of them is that. It was a kid named Ryan McHenry, who I think was Scottish and as the story goes was one night high and watching a film I did, Drive, and was eating cereal and thought it was really funny to make it look like I wouldn’t eat my cereal while he was watching the film.
At any other time in history, that would have been just a funny thing you thought to yourself, but now you can make that into a Vine and in that moment it just caught a line. I’m sure he would have thought it just would have been funny to him and his friends.
But then I was leaving my house in LA and walking down the street and people would yell at me, why won’t you eat your cereal? This bothers me because I am a fan of cereal. I didn’t understand it.
It even got to the point when I was would film a scene, sometimes I would see the spoon coming in, and I’d think this guys going to cereal this too. So I gad like this weird relationship to him. It was part of my day to day in some strange way.
It struck me that even though there are inconsequential things that are sort of off-hand ideas that we can sketch out, there’s actually a connective power to them I feel like has yet to be tapped. Right now it’s this Bambi on ice phase, which is trying to find its footing, but there really is something more powerful about them.
Story telling will always be important, we’re still watching Wizard of Oz, we’re just watching it on hand-held devices in space. It’s the how we watch it, the context we watch it in will continue to change, but the story telling is still key.
People are watching these things at home and a two hour movie is too long, but not long enough. People would rather watch things in half hour increments. But watch them for 10 hours or 20 hours.
A movie is like a one-night stand, and a series is like a relationship and people want to be in a relationship with these characters so that’s changing story-telling to some extent.
Advertising Standards Bureau einsights fitness Ryan Gosling SBS
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Set The BAR Announces Signing Of Alex Winters
Contact: Set The BAR Management
sethebarmgmt@gmail.com
Alex Winters signs Management Deal with Set The BAR
Set The BAR Artist Management is pleased to announce the signing of central-Texas based singer/songwriter, Alex Winters!
Alex Winters is an award-winning rock artist whose forte is in sharing the vivid memories, feelings, and stories of both the beautiful and challenging experiences that molded her into the resourceful woman that she is today.
Of the signing, Barbara M Wahli shared, "We are excited to work with such a talented and ambitious musician who's heartfelt songs really resonate with her audience! It's wonderful to see how devoted and engaged Alex's fans are. Sharing her arduous journey and how it shaped her life has truly made Alex a strong female role model."
Luna Guitars honored Alex Winters with the inaugural “Shining Star” award in 2012, and Alex was featured in Hypebot for her use of Concert Window for live-streaming shows. With her seamless vocals, effortless compositions, and self-starting business sense, Alex has garnered some dedicated fans via her Patreon page and been featured in various press throughout the years. She is known by her fans as a poet, a dreamer, a story-teller, and an inspiration.
Excited about the new signing, Alex Winters said, “The folks at Set the BAR have been really great to work with so far. I love their enthusiasm and passion for developing and growing the careers of the musicians on their roster. Each member brings something special to the table that I know will help me succeed, and I am looking forward to storming the music business with them at my side."
Alex is currently in the studio recording new songs while the new team formulates plans for upcoming releases, tours, and transforming Alex Winters’ brand into a scalable business that aligns with today’s market trends.
To learn more about Alex Winters and her introspective music, check out: www.alexwintersmusic.com
Barb Rocks And The A&R Agency Announce Set The BAR Partnership
setthebarmgmt@gmail.com
Barb Rocks and The A&R Agency Announce New Partnership: Set The BAR Artist Management
Barb Rocks (CA) and The A&R Agency (TX) are excited to announce a strategic partnership between their artist management firms!
Having successfully collaborated on various projects and events, and even sharing an artist management roster over the course of 12 consecutive years, Barbara M Wahli, Austin Breckenridge, and Robert S. Austin have proven on numerous occasions that their team dynamic moves mountains.
In regards to the new partnership, Robert Austin of The A&R Agency mentioned that, “By being a cross-city/cross-state alliance, we create the opportunity to increase our regional footprint and serve a more dynamic roster. I’m a firm believer that by combining our diverse skill sets and robust network of industry professionals, we will continue to yield the organizational fortitude that our clients require in order to succeed.”
Set The BAR's mission is to provide a vigorous, proactive approach to artist management, tailored to the unique needs of each client. The ultimate goal of STB’s relationship with their clients is to achieve and maintain a state of mutual excellency.
Barbara Wahli of Barb Rocks added, "I’m excited for this partnership and trust that together we are an unstoppable force that champions the artists we work for!"
Set The BAR's combined roster currently consists of Alex Winters, with more artists to be announced! For more info, check out http://setthebarmgmt.com/
Barb Rocks Signs Frantic Romantic To Her Management Roster!
Barb Rocks announced the signing of San Jose's dreampop rockers Frantic Romantic to her management roster. Having worked with the band in their previous incarnation, as well as managing lead singer Mr. Kerosene's former band Drop Dead Sixty, it was only natural for Frantic Romantic to sign with the local band manager they already trusted and built repertoire with.
Frantic Romantic emerged from the ashes of Skyway View with an arsenal of new music, which they've been releasing monthly since October 2018. Comprised of six strangers who came together to handcraft a sonic, melodic miasma of songs, they’ve been compared to the likes of The Cure, Echo and the Bunnymen, and Psychedelic Furs. Both melodic and aggressive, they possess a sound sonically reminiscent of decades past, oozing 80’s new wave mixed with 90’s culture, with a stage presence to match. With four singles and accompanying videos released already, plus a new video and full EP coming this Spring, the band is ready to burst out of California music scene and gain traction wherever they can.
In regards to working together, Frantic Romantic's Mr. Kerosene said, "We’re very excited to announce our official partnership with Barb Rocks. Barb has a quality that few others possess: she really gives a damn. She wants musicians to succeed, and she’ll fight for bands even when they aren’t fighting for themselves. As a group, we feel our dedication to our work will not only be matched, but heightened by her services. She has a myriad of resources and she makes herself constantly available. We look forward to working with our manager and close friend, Barb Rocks."
Barb Rocks said of Frantic Romantic, "I’ve always been impressed with the drive, passion, and energy the band has to make it in this business. Not only is Frantic Romantic releasing quality songs with entertaining videos, they are also eager to learn and find new ways to garner people’s attention. Working with musicians who are actively involved in achieving their goals with a distinct creative vision is every manager’s dream, and together we can achieve new heights.”
Both Frantic Romantic and Barb Rocks are excited for this union and what the future holds, confident their working relationship will lead to prosperous years ahead.
Be sure to check out all the creative music videos Frantic Romantic has released in the last four months and be sure subscribe to their YouTube Channel! The band is currently shooting their new music video which they plan to release in March, followed by the release of their debut LP Celestina. And don’t forget to stream their music on Spotify!
Planet Booty + Barb Rocks = Bootylicious Team!
I am proud to announce that Oakland trio Planet Booty, known for their infectious live shows filled with endorphin-fueled electro-funk dance music, have joined the Barb Rocks roster! If you haven't experienced Planet Booty yet, then you're missing out on the most entertaining band the Bay Area has to offer! Not only do their performances pack venues every time they play, but everyone at the show raves about it for days after. Frontman Dylan Germick is a true performer in every sense, engaging the audience with every look and body movement, add in Josh Cantero's powerful, soul-filled vocals, a dash of horns, plus Rob Gwin masterfully holding down the rhythm section, and you have the hardest working three-piece with a big sound that gets the audience dancing until the last unforgettable note. I recently had the front row experience with some Planet Booty grinding on the dance floor, including a sweaty forehead serenade from Dylan, therefore, I can personally guarantee the euphoric feeling one has leaving the show. I cannot rave enough about this talented band that I truly believe will go far. Planet Booty just played two packed SXSW official showcases in Austin last month and are scheduled to play the Oregon Eclipse Festival in August. I am beyond honored to be part of their team and help them achieve their goals. The band is going on tour twice this summer and releasing a new album, so there's a lot of work ahead. I encourage you to watch their latest video for their new single "Naked" and to follow them on social media:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/planetbooty
Twitter: https://twitter.com/planetbooty
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/planetbooty
Press Kit: http://www.planetbooty.org/presskit
Citabria Inked Management Deal with Nemesis Media Inc.
Contact: pr@nemesismediainc.com
Alternative rock four piece Citabria has just inked a management deal with Nemesis Media Inc. Their groovy rhythmic rock has been a hit at home in Northern California, as well as gaining popularity on the international market, including a performance in Açor Talentos, Portugal’s version of American Idol. Citabria recorded their most recent full length album Exit Reality at Jingletown Recording, famous for being owned by Green Day, which garnered some radio airplay and rave reviews. The band most recently played Santa Cruz Music Festival, supported legendary Campbell band Strata at prestigious concert venue The Ritz, and graced the stage at San Jose’s premiere Rockbar Theater.
With roots in San Jose and Austin, Nemesis Media has become known for producing high quality events and for their continued support of Balanced Breakfast, the music industry networking group. Nemesis Media recently signed a number of great regional acts from the San Francisco Bay Area after joining forces with fellow promoter and talent manager Barb Rocks.
Nemesis Media VP of Artists and Repertoire Barbara Wahli said of Citabria, "Having been a fan of Citabria's music for 7 years, I knew I wanted to work with this incredibly talented band for some time, especially when I heard their newest album "Exit Reality"! Nemesis Media is lucky to work with such a technically-savvy band that has a modern and mainstream edge, whose sound grabs a hold of the listener and doesn't let go. Each band member's integrity and love for what they are doing shines through their songs and live performances, which is refreshing in the music business."
Asked what their thoughts were, Citabria as a whole said "Citabria is stoked to be partnering with Barbara Wahli & Nemesis Media. We feel very positive and unified knowing that they will guide us on this path of progress. They are exceptionally knowledgeable and it gives us a sense of relief knowing they got our backs."
Both Citabria and Nemesis Media are excited for this union and what the future holds, confident that strategic business partnerships like this will lead to prosperous journeys ahead.
For all things Citabria and Nemesis, check out nemesismediainc.com, or like the band on Facebook. Citabria is releasing a bunch of new songs and videos in 2016, as well as a monthly touring schedule, so stay tuned for details on their social media!
Nemesis Media Welcomes Sit Kitty Sit to their Management Roster!
Nemesis Media Inc. announced the signing of San Francisco hard piano rock duo Sit Kitty Sit. Without a string in sight, the band consists of Kat Downs on keys and pipes, while Mike Thompson sets the stage with his percussion. Sit Kitty Sit possess a mind blowing sound that engulfs the audience with expert keystrokes and a powerful, driving drum beat, accomplishing more as two people than a full band on stage. None of which is surprising considering the musical tutelage of both band members, whose backgrounds and experiences have lead to some admirable accomplishments.
Speaking of joining the Nemesis family, the duo Sit Kitty Sit said collectively, “Sit Kitty Sit is proud and excited to be joining Barbara Wahli & the awesome Nemesis Media team! We are confident they can lead the way in expanding our growth and presence in the music industry and are looking forward to a mutually beneficial relationship.”
Nemesis Media’s own Vice President Barbara Wahli said of Sit Kitty Sit, “It's amazing to see what a duo on piano and drums can do to not only grab the audience's attention so fiercely, but keep them guessing as they switch from classical to metal influences in their music. Sit Kitty Sit's stage presence is electrifying, engaging, and technically proficient, filled with raw emotion and beautifully written songs. I'm looking forward to working with such a professional and fiery team that will continue to thrill audiences worldwide.”
Sit Kitty Sit are incredibly busy touring Europe right now and have many shows coming right around the corner! Keep an eye out for any and all news at their website, sitkittysit.com. For more on Nemesis Media Inc., check out nemesismediainc.com.
The Go Ahead Added To Nemesis Media's Management Roster
Nemesis Media Inc. announced today the signing of The Go Ahead from San Francisco, CA. The Go Ahead feature a soulful and rhythmic sound, with the wonderfully melodic vocalist Kyna Wise providing a serene singing style. Alex Mamelok on bass and backup vocals, Josh Hertz on guitar and backup vocals, as well as Chris Kelly on drums, round out a dynamic four piece that reminds of what great music San Francisco has to offer. The Go Ahead recently remastered their self-released "Cycles" EP and are about the release 3 music videos in the up-coming months.
The Go Ahead said of Nemesis Media, "Barbara has a true passion and love for finding great music. We are excited to be working with Barbara and the rest of the Nemesis team because we truly feel that they can push our music to new heights and help us share our music with a wider fan base. Managing multiple bands is more than a job for Barbara, she is a music lover and enthusiast at heart. We are honored to be added to the Nemesis roster and to have the opportunity to further build our relationship with Barbara."
Nemesis Media’s own Barbara Wahli said, "The Go Ahead caught my attention instantly with their high energy sound, mixing a variety of genres together, with the added bonus of sultry and soulful female vocals. It's always a pleasure to work with a talented band that's not only proficient in their art, but also knows how to give that little bit extra to captivate the audience and leave them wanting more. Nemesis Media is excited about The Go Ahead's future as they continue to amaze audiences with their powerful hooks and formidable rock sound that's bound to get everyone dancing."
Right around the corner on Nov. 2nd, The Go Ahead will be playing at Bottom of the Hill in San Francisco. For more news and info on The Go Ahead, check them out at facebook.com/thegoaheadmusic, or their website thegoaheadmusic.com. For more related to Nemesis Media Inc. and other acts go to facebook.com/nmediainc, or their website
Barb Rocks Management Roster Picked Up The Go Ahead!
I am happy to announce that The Go Ahead from San Francisco are now part of my management roster! This talented, high-energy bluesy-rock four piece is known for their incredibly unique sound, pulling from influences such as Incubus, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Primus, Fiona Apple and many more. They're a nice blend of powerhouse grooves, soul-shaking bass, jaw-dropping guitar lines, and melodies packed with sheer emotion, which makes this band an experience unlike any other. Vocalist Kyna Wise is an excellent front-woman that really pulls the audience in with her "barefood" performance.
I first met The Go Ahead when they were known as Jesús and the Rabbis and they played Woodstock's Pizza stage at the debut Santa Cruz Music Festival. They played right after Pounders, ending the night with a lovely soulful energy. A year later, with a new band name, I ran into them again when they played with Fritz Montana, which turned out to be a wonderful reconnect leading to some awesome show collaborations between the two bands. I've really gotten to know the band over the past year, bonding even more this past March in Austin at SXSW. I know this collaboration which will lead to some promising things and am excited for our future endeavors together.
Please welcome The Go Ahead to the Barb Rocks family!
Check out their websites & music:
http://www.thegoaheadmusic.com
https://soundcloud.com/the-go-ahead
https://www.facebook.com/thegoaheadmusic
https://twitter.com/TheGoAhead
https://instagram.com/thegoahead
New Indie Blues Band Fritz Montana Signed With Barb Rocks!
Formed in early 2013, new blues/indie rock trio Fritz Montana have already been making waves and getting noticed by industry folks. Due to a connection through a photography friend, the band met Kirk Harding from Crowd Control Management, manager of The Neighborhood and Little Daylight, who was very impressed with their sound and gave them some guidance on what his label is looking for. The band is a cross between The Black Keys and The Strokes, with a noticeable Jack White feel in the vocals; some even throw Atlas Genius in the mix.
I'm truly excited to be working with Fritz Montana and feel this young band has a lot of potential to make it big. Live 105 Music Director Aaron Axelsen debut their song "Say It So" last Sunday on Soundcheck and received a lot of texts from listeners diggin' it. Fritz Montana is currently in 4th place in Live 105's Favorite Local Band Poll!
I encourage you to check them out and see what everyone's talking about. Plus they're playing The Blank Club on Friday, November 1st, with Kiwi Time and All City Elite, which is a great time to see their live set!
Did I mention you can download their EP for FREE right now on their FB page? Go "Like" them and check it out:
https://www.facebook.com/fritzmontanaband
Power-Pop Sister Duo The Trash*Pop Icons Partner With Barb Rocks!
In my first few years putting on Barb Rocks shows, I had the wonderful pleasure of meeting Letters Make Words, a pop rock band featuring the Zep sisters. We instantly bonded and they trusted the 'less experienced' me to manage for a few years with the additional help of A Kid At Heart Management. We had some good times together, learned a lot about the local music scene, and had a nice stint of shows, radio play, press, etc., plus the sisters won 2nd and 3rd place in the Your Music Magazine San Jose Olympicks vocalist contest. Let's just say a lot has changed since then.....for the better! These lovely sisters rebranded themselves under a new band name, The Trash*Pop Icons, found a label to record an amazing album (which they released on my birthday July 2 a month ago), and now they are ready to take over the world, with the help of the 'more experienced' me, and it's starting right here in the Bay Area!
I highly encourage you to download their debut record "A Way With Words" on iTunes, which features my favorite song "The Shame," as well as the hits "Love/Hate," "Stupid Love" and "Screaming Your Name." You can also stream the album on Spotify and check out the songs on SoundCloud.
The Trash Pop Icons are sisters Naomi and Nadia Zep. This power-pop duo have been making music together for over a decade and have established quite a presence in the San Francisco Bay Area. When fronting their previous band, Letters Make Words, the sisters earned themselves a spot on the Vans Warped Tour, playing the Kevin Say Stage and were named one of the Top 10 Bands in the Bay Area multiple times by local DJ Aaron Axelson of Live105 radio. In addition, they won the first annual Whole Foods Market and VH1 'Raw and Unprocessed' Team Member Music Project last year, which gave them the opportunity to play Live In The Vineyard music festival in Napa Valley. The girls are proud to release their first full length album "A Way With Words" and are looking forward to touring to support their record.
https://www.facebook.com/TrashPopIcons
https://soundcloud.com/trashpopicons
http://open.spotify.com/artist/4BDyGCPbpetDSODorVhcRc
Live105 NSSN Local Band Winners Our Vinyl Vows Added To Barb Rocks Management Roster!
I'm proud to announce that Our Vinyl Vows are now under Barb Rocks management! These awesome ska-based rockers from Petaluma are already a "sister" band to Pounders, as well as a band I love, so it seemed natural for us to work together professionally since we're already family. :-)
Our Vinyl Vows thrive off making personal connections with people and defying general classifications by blending elements of surf rock, stand up comedy, indie rock, R&B, dance pop, and funk. A culmination of experienced musicians, Our Vinyl Vows, which consists of Brandon Hall (lead vox), Nick Kopan (lead guitar/vox), Colin Goheen (bass/vox), Mat Fleisch (keys/sax), Eric Peters II (brass/vox), and Nick McNair (drums), have spent a good deal of time honing their craft, figuring out what really gets a crowd moving. Packed with danceable anthems and high energy, Our Vinyl Vows are known for their live shows, making that direct connection with each audience member that resonates deep in the soul. Their passion for the stage and strong work ethic have landed them spots to play with national acts, as well as ruling the airwaves; two of their songs have been retired after receiving 20 weeks as the number 1 most requested band on 101.7 The Fox. OVV also won the Live105 NSSN Local Band Contest in 2012, which led to them opening for Jack White, The Shins, Metric, Of Monsters And Men, Gaslight Anthem, and Two Door Cinema Club!
It will be my pleasure to work with such a talented band that's already close to my heart, and I look forward to big things together! I highly recommend you check out their debut album "You, Me and Einstein," produced and mixed by the famed bay area producer, Scott Llamas.
http://ourvinylvows.com
https://www.facebook.com/ourvinylvows
http://www.twitter.com/ourvinylvows
Santa Cruz Artist Stormy Strong Signed to Barb Rocks Management!
It gives me great joy to announce that Santa Cruz artist Stormy Strong has signed management deal with me! Stormy is a very talented singer/songwriter that has won three songwriting contests for his song "Save You" from Billboard World Songwriting Contest, Great American Songwriting Contest, and Disc Maker's Indie Music World Series, plus his song "Sail Away" won The Best Music You Have Never Heard on KGO Radio in 2007.
Stormy's song "Jumpstart The Heart" was chosen as #1 in "Rick's Picks 2012" on 'The Best Radio You Have Never Heard' podcast, which also included songs from Smashing Pumpkins, Regina Spektor, Arcade Fire, Rage Against The Machine!
Stormy's unique cover of The Pixies "Where is My Mind?" has been popular on iTunes, Spotify, Rdio, Mog, and iHeart Radio. It's also the song that originally caught my attention 6 years ago when I first booked Stormy at the Cupertino Brit! His new EP "Take Her Down" was recorded with music industry icons Lyle Workman (Frank Black, Todd Rundgren, Beck), Sean Beavan (Guns N' Roses, Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails), Tim Narducci (Systematic) and Chris Manning (Jellyfish). Since 1996, Stormy Strong’s brand of "alternative saltwater rock"sinks in with razor sharp hooks, honest bitter lyrics and raw emotion, biting with an unforgettably addictive sting.
It's an honor to work with such a talented songwriter, so please welcome him to the Barb Rocks family! I'm working on some show bookings for Stormy, so stay tuned for announcements and keep supporting local music. You never know, you might just see a well-known pounder slaying drums for Stormy! ;-)
http://www.stormystrong.com/
http://www.facebook.com/stormystrongmusic
http://www.twitter.com/stormystrong
All City Elite added to Barb Rocks growing Management Roster!
I'm happy to announce San Jose's very own All City Elite has decided to work with me as their band manager! All City Elite, A.C.E.s as it is commonly referred to, is a collaboration between various Bay Area recording artists and musicians who were looking to create an exciting new sound, with broad appeal, but without being confined by specific genre trappings. This, along with an energetic stage performance and a strong focus on the digital distribution of their media, has already led to an impressive fan turn out and overwhelming support from friends, family, and colleagues alike.
Having known Rob Hurtado for years through the Jade of Days friend circuit, I was excited to see him perform with ACE last year when they opened for Filter; a very high-energy show that Pounders were also a part of. This Saturday will be ACE's first time playing a Barb Rocks show and I'm stoked to see this lively band in action once more! In the process of booking ACE for the show, we started chatting about their management needs and it turns out, they were looking for a local manager that could help them get more shows, press coverage, radio airplay, and overall better exposure in Silicon Valley and beyond. Considering I specialize in just that, mostly in the local market, and am a fan of their music, we found that we were a perfect fit to work together. I'm very excited for this new endeavor and look forward to working with such a musically talented group! Help me welcome All City Elite to the growing Barb Rocks "Empire"!
http://justlisten.allcityelite.com/
https://www.facebook.com/allcityelite
https://twitter.com/allcityelite
Barb Rocks growing her management roster with South Bay's very own Chris Ely!
Chris Ely first contacted me in June (2012), referred by the talented Dewey Rogge, and I could tell by our first phone conversation that we would get along well and do great things together. There was just something natural and easy about our conversation, two like-minded people that love music and just want to share that passion with the world. It took five months to finally get Chris and his band on one of my shows, but I knew in my gut that it would be a good show and that it would lead to a solid business relationship. His song "Lost Souls" moved me the first time I heard it, and to this day, I'm still smitten by that song. Today, I'm happy to announce that Chris and his band have decided to work with me as their manager, and I look forward to our journey together!
I encourage you all to check out Chris and his band at their next show, Wednesday, November 28th at The Blank Club, playing with Drop Dead Sixty and Cosmic Machine (21+ FREE show)!
Chris Ely's band consists of Gus Fjelstrom (bass), Nick Grant (drums), and Nick Tresko (guitar/keys). Chris and I both feel that they need to come up with a name that suits them, so if you have any suggestions, let's hear 'em! Chris Ely & The ___________?
Chris Ely began his musical journey in the San Francisco rock scene. Originally a bassist, he first picked up a microphone when he was elected to sing in a newly formed band. Overcoming his shyness, he learned to embrace the role of lead singer. A year later, Chris seized an opportunity that led him to move to Africa in 2001. As a songwriter, his music took new shape and purpose. He was forever changed from witnessing the immense poverty and plight of those suffering from HIV/AIDS. After eight years oversees, he could no longer neglect his passion for music and songwriting. Since the prospects of the music scene in Africa were murky at best, Chris decided to return home to California.
In the Fall of 2009, he took a job as a high school teacher. He utilized his first summer off by crafting a fresh sound while crammed into a new apartment. But before embarking on a solo project, he played in two bands, as well as offering his talents as a bassist to a local hip-hop artist. Eventually, at the repeated request of friends, he began work on a solo project. As Chris fine tuned his new sounds, a story began to unfold in the songs while he grappled with American culture and the life he had recently left behind. These songs became a diary of his recent journey called "Can’t Stay for Long."
Between the edgy rock riffs and atmospheric synthesizers, something honest and refreshing emerges in "Can’t Stay for Long." Chris has a way of mending tense and complicated moments with his soothing voice. Coupled with a distaste for politics and the ache of broken relationships, his vulnerable lyrics invoke optimism in the human soul.
http://chriselymusic.com/
https://www.facebook.com/ChrisElyMusic
https://twitter.com/ChrisElyMusic
I am managing East Bay band Drop Dead Sixty!
For those lucky enough to be at my August 21st show, you were in for a treat! It was the first time Drop Dead Sixty performed on a Barb Rocks show and they were AMAZING! Imagine Stone Temple Pilots meets Muse with a theatrical front-man with vocal styling similar to Michael Hutchence (INXS) that even Scott Weiland would appreciate! I was so impressed with this band that I asked to work with them, and they happily accepted my management offer this past weekend.
Drop Dead Sixty is comprised of guitarist/keyboardist Gavin Billy Cougar, vocalist Michael Kerosene, bassist/backup vocalist Joe Dalva, and percussionist Matt Young. After a four-year-long stint in high school with a band called Calibur, life-long friends Mike and Gavin decided to reunite musically and start something new, which was the beginning of Drop Dead Sixty in January of 2009. Having played a couple of shows with (in separate bands), and keeping in touch with Matt Young, he was the first choice and immediately recruited as the drummer for the new project, along with Mike's brother, Matt, who would fulfill the role of bass guitarist. By the end of 2009, Mike's brother parted ways with the project and soon Joe Dalva answered an ad to try out for the band. With the newly recruited Joe Dalva, Drop Dead Sixty was again ready to move forward, first by re-emerging as a live act in April 2010, then announcing a new full-length album, due out by Winter 2010.
I encourage you all to check out DDS on Fri Sept 24 at Mountain Charley's with Almost Honest (8-10pm) and/or Sat Oct 16 at X Sports Bar + Music Lounge at Homestead Lanes with California Is Burning and Hello Monster (all ages with full bar). Also, check them out on MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter:
http://www.myspace.com/dropdeadsixty
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Drop-Dead-Sixty/146874803118
http://twitter.com/dropdeadsixty
Barb Rocks is now working with Cadent!
Barb Rocks is proud to announce that she is now working with Cadent, an up-and-coming female-fronted Bay Area band. Cadent features a wonderful blend of rock, pop, alternative base with a touch of R&B vocals that makes them a force to reckon with! With such few female-fronted bands in Northern California, it's refreshing to hear such a mature sound out of the "younger" band with power-house vocals that touch your soul. Currently recording at Castle Ultimate Studios, the band has already released three of their tracks, with plans to release a full album soon. Plus Cadent just placed 3rd in the San Jose edition of Your Music Olympicks after being selected "Editor's Choice" by Your Music Magazine. It is my pleasure to work with such a diverse band that I feel will take the local scene by storm, with hopes they might just be the next Paramore!
Check out Cadent's websites:
http://www.facebook.com/Cadentband
http://www.myspace.com/cadentmusic
http://twitter.com/CadentMusic
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Barnstable cemetery tour to trace history
By Johanna Crosby news@barnstablepatriot.com
Perched on 4.5 acres of rolling hills, Lothrop Hill Cemetery in the village of Barnstable is one of the oldest burial grounds on Cape Cod.
It's the final resting place of many local families as well as such noteworthy people as Clifford Turpin, an aviator who flew with the Wright Brothers; Sturgis Library's beloved librarian of 54 years, Elizabeth Crocker Nye; and local historian Henry Kittredge.
Cape historian, book publisher and graphic designer Nancy Viall Shoemaker will lead a tour of the historic cemetery on May 6 as part of Sturgis Library's celebration of 150 years of service to the community. Along the way she will identify the changing styles of gravestones over the centuries and the signature handiwork of well-known gravestone carvers of the time.
“I've always felt comfortable in graveyards,” said Shoemaker, whose great-grandfather owned a cemetery in Cranston, Rhode Island.
Shoemaker has been exploring cemeteries most of her life noting that they contain “lots of history, art and passion that goes into memorializing. The grounds are beautiful, usually peaceful, and if we are to believe epitaphs, full of pious and very special people.”
Lothrop Hill Cemetery was established in 1643 and named for the Rev. John Lothrop, who settled the northern part of what is now the town of Barnstable in 1639. The minister is believed to be buried on the grounds, but his gravesite is unmarked. A separatist, Lothrop and his followers worshiped in secret because they did not believe in the practices of the Church of England, a punishable offense. The cemetery was adjacent to the site of the first meetinghouse in this area. Burial grounds were often on the property of or near the meetinghouse, which was the center of government, worship and social activity.
The cemetery has two of the three oldest gravestones on the Cape, including one for the final resting place of Hope Chipman, who died in 1683. The intriguing inscription on her stone reads that she “changed her life for a beer.” The combining of the letters, known as a ligature, was distorted. The true phrase should have read that “she changed her life for a better one,” Shoemaker said.
Stone carvers would typically travel to the Cape during the spring looking for business, Shoemaker noted. One of the most prolific, however, was a local, Nathaniel Holmes, who carved over 1,400 gravestones from his shop in Barnstable Village. About 370 of his gravestones are located in the Barnstable cemetery.
During her tour Shoemaker will point out the changes in gravestones over the centuries. There are eight stones from the 1600s, many of which are in remarkably good shape because they were made from highly compressed slate instead of wood. Slate was the stone of choice in the 1700s, followed by marble, a softer stone that was easier to carve, in the 1800s. Granite became the fashion in the 20th century because it is much harder and better withstands the passage of time and elements such as acid rain, Shoemaker said.
Gravestone art changed over the years. Willows and urns were prevalent during the 1800s. The grim images of skulls and crossbones gave way to gentler images such as winged cherubs, trumpeting angels and sunbursts symbolizing the Resurrection and hope for redemption, in the 1700s and 1800s. Portrait stones that memorialized a person's life also became popular. Table tombs were created for people who were famous or respected, such as for Thomas Hinckley, the 14th and last governor of the Plimoth Colonies, who lies under a marble and brick table. Today, personal art is digitally etched onto the stone for more personal images, Shoemaker said.
The epitaphs on gravestones reflect that life was not easy for the early settlers, who died in their 20s and 30s, Shoemaker said. Although many women died in childbirth, accidents and fires were the main causes of death. Only half of children lived to adulthood.
The cemetery is also the resting place for Donald Trayser, former editor of the Barnstble Patriot, a respected historian and author, and his wife, Annabel. The couple is buried next to her family, the Jeraulds, a well-known Barnstable seafaring family. A recent addition to the cemetery was the Rev. Kenneth Warren, who fought against racism when he welcomed the Reverse Freedom Riders to the Cape in the summer of 1962.
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Europe selected
Pope Francis backs peace efforts in Christmas Day message
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35178557
Media caption"To our brothers and sisters, who in many parts of the world are being persecuted for their faith, may the child Jesus grant consolation and strength"
Pope Francis tackled war, terrorism and the migrant crisis in a wide-ranging Christmas message, calling for peace and reconciliation around the world.
The pontiff said he prayed for the success of recent UN resolutions for peace in Syria and Libya.
The Pope also condemned "brutal acts of terrorism", singling out France, Lebanon, Egypt, Tunisia and Mali.
Thousands of pilgrims turned out to see the address, known as "Urbi et Orbi" - to the city and the world.
Heavy security was in place around the Vatican as crowds lined the streets, as it has been since the 13 November Paris attacks carried out by Islamist militants.
This year also saw ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, while Europe grappled with record numbers of migrants arriving on its shores.
'Martyrs of today'
Pope Francis began by noting that "precisely where the incarnate son of God came into the world, tensions and violence persist".
Image caption The Swiss Guards paraded before Pope Francis' arrival
Image caption The speech was delivered from the balcony overlooking St Peter's Square
He went on to urge Israelis and Palestinians to resume direct peace talks, and back international efforts to end "atrocities" in Libya and Syria.
Such acts, he said, "do not even spare the historical and cultural patrimony of entire peoples", a clear reference to the Islamic State group.
Speaking from the balcony of St Peter's Basilica, he described Christians being persecuted for their faith as "martyrs of today".
On the migrant crisis, the Pope said "may God repay all those, both individuals and states, who generously work to provide assistance and welcome to the numerous migrants and refugees".
He also referenced conflicts in Ukraine, Colombia, Yemen, Iraq, Burundi, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Celebrating Mass on Christmas Eve, Pope Francis called on Roman Catholics not to be "intoxicated" by possessions.
Pope Francis in his Christmas homily denounces materialism
Christmas marked around the world
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Related Expertise:Big Data & Advanced Analytics, Media & Entertainment, Technology & Digital
Media Companies Must Reimagine Their Data for a Digital World
07 September 2017 By Dominik Michaelis , Erik Lenhard , and Nicolas Hunke
Quarter after quarter, a European media company watched with alarm as its market share sank. Recognizing that the source of the trouble was competition from digital leaders, the company decided to act. It pushed forward with a set of initiatives to overhaul its use of data.
It was a necessary step. But the efforts were undertaken by the company’s various print and broadcast divisions independently, with no coordination. When the board of directors realized this, it insisted that the divisions de-emphasize their individual initiatives and work together on a unified data improvement plan for the whole company. Without such a shift, the company would have wasted time and effort—and drifted toward irrelevance.
The urgency that the board felt isn’t unique to this media company. Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google, and Apple (called FANGA by some) have emerged as asymmetric competitors in the media sector and are creating challenges for publishers and broadcasters all over the world.
One challenge is that these global digital giants are giving consumers something else that they can do with their time. Another challenge arises from the superior way in which FANGA uses data. Facebook has deep information about its users’ likes and habits, which has made the site a favorite of advertisers. Amazon and Netflix are able to make personalized recommendations that vastly increase the popularity and usefulness of their services. Through advertisements, Google can funnel customers to a company that is selling exactly what those customers want at that very moment.
Because of these new methods for delivering content and ads to audiences, the old methods have lost some of their currency. The imperative now is to understand users’ identities, interests, and near-term purchasing intentions, which can be done by analyzing their online activities and using the right approach to data analysis. FANGA is way ahead on this front. Traditional media companies, therefore, have no choice: they must radically improve the way they manage and use data.
The good news for the chief information officers and chief data officers of traditional media companies is that this task is not impossible. Many third-party tools are available. Companies that take steps to coordinate their data initiatives across divisions and assets will have an excellent chance of regaining their long-term competitiveness.
Deep Data Insights Are the New Must-Have
Why has data analysis become one of the new crucial capabilities in the media business? One answer is that it removes some of the unknowns surrounding users’ identities.
In the digital world, everything the connected user does is discoverable. The high-level demographic data that media companies used to share with their advertisers has been replaced by named, verified visitors who have extensive profiles associated with their identities. And new insights about purchasing behaviors allow companies to anticipate a customer’s near-term purchasing intentions on the basis of something the individual has viewed or clicked on.
The pinpoint accuracy of such information occasionally prompts a backlash on the part of consumers. (See “Bridging the Trust Gap: The Hidden Landmine in Big Data,” BCG article, June 2016.) But there is no question that it increases media’s overall effectiveness. According to BCG analysis, media companies can charge advertising rates that are 1.5 times the base rate when gender and location of a customer are known—and potentially many times that level if that customer’s precise intention is clear. (See Exhibit 1.)
Pure-play digital companies are more apt to have this type of data about their customers than traditional media companies. However, traditional media companies can narrow the gap, particularly if they have diverse sources of data. North American cable companies, for instance, typically offer broadband access and internet services (such as video on demand and cloud-based digital video recording), social media integration, and landline phone service in addition to cable TV. These diverse sources of data let the cable companies form a much fuller picture of what their customers are interested in and thus strengthen their business proposition.
Traditional media companies must move beyond their analog past and break down the siloes between their individual businesses. They can do this by transforming their approach to data. (See the sidebar, “The Essential Actions Traditional Media Companies Must Take.”)
THE ESSENTIAL ACTIONS TRADITIONAL MEDIA COMPANIES MUST TAKE
In creating a future in which their data will be an important asset, media companies start in different places and have different challenges to overcome. To varying degrees, though, all of them must do the following:
Hire the necessary talent. Some media companies may have to add data scientists or new IT architects and developers in order to succeed.
Identify an initial set of data priorities that is based on return-on-investment projections and ease of implementation.
Develop a plan for integrating customer data from different sources. Integrated data will benefit media companies in multiple ways, such as by helping advertisers reach customers with more precision.
Strike a balance between centralized efficiency and benefits to individual business units to get the units’ buy-in.
Use technology standards where possible to shorten time to market.
Make data management part of the CEO’s agenda so its importance is clear and it remains a priority.
Key Steps on the Digital Road
The core challenge for such companies is to combine the databases from their different businesses, analyze the overlaps, and develop more relevant and targeted customer segments. This is a significant undertaking and should include the IT teams of various media businesses, the company’s data architects, and, in many cases, a legal expert to provide guidance on trust and privacy issues. The idea is to agree on a way of managing data that accommodates the current and future needs of the company.
Addressable TV is a good example of how better data management can create an opportunity for media companies. In its initial application, addressable TV allowed companies to target viewers in specific regions on the basis of data provided by market research companies. Now with the growing penetration of smart TVs and other such devices, media companies can capture richer data and target individual users more effectively.
Another opportunity involves using automation and artificial intelligence (AI) software to, for example, index images and videos. Some media companies, needing more video content to post on their websites or on social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram, have turned to outside services for help. The services automatically create videos from the companies’ written articles and from licensed content using AI.
Attaining the necessary level of data management expertise to transform their businesses will require traditional media companies to make investments in three areas: in the data itself, in their people and organization, and in technology and systems.
Data. A media company’s decision about where to begin should reflect input from its business and content leaders. These leaders should create a list of priorities that is based on return on investment and ease of implementation. Although the priorities for any given company will differ depending on the opportunities and the threats it is facing, many media companies can use data to improve addressable TV services, fine-tune ad targeting, reduce churn, refine recommendations, and lower content production costs. (See Exhibit 2.)
The company should also ensure that the data governance effort is coordinated centrally. This increases the likelihood that data formats will be consistent and puts a single entity in charge of specifying criteria for the technology landscape of the future. At the same time, it allows the data owner to determine which data will be shared and how it will be used. Comprehensive master data management can handle all the data and technology assets provided by various divisions, making the goal of shared governance easier to achieve.
People and Organization. Two teams are central to media companies’ attempts to rethink their approach to data. The first is a dedicated group of central data experts led by the chief data officer and staffed by data scientists, data architects, and IT operations staff. This team’s job is to select and manage technology, including tag management for data gathering, data lakes for storage of semistructured and unstructured data, and data management platforms for data processing and segmentation.
The second team consists of specialized IT developers from the media segments, along with business analysts and data stewards connected to individual lines of business. These staffers are responsible for the data-gathering and data management efforts within their own business units.
Both teams should work with a central steering body. This body consists of senior leaders whose job is overarching governance, including setting the initial business priorities.
Technology and Systems. Determining which data management application stack to use is critical. There are two choices: an integrated stack, for which a single vendor provides the majority of system components, and a best-of-breed stack, which is built from fit-for-purpose technologies provided by several vendors.
Many media companies are leaning toward the latter for three reasons: the specialized way in which media companies tend to use their data, the immense value of data to media companies’ core businesses, and the flexibility that a best-of-breed approach provides for future use cases. The downside of a best-of-breed approach is that it increases complexity and cost.
No matter which stack a company settles on—integrated or best of breed—it should try to standardize on the same software tools for the same priorities (marketing automation, for instance). This may be harder in areas where the requirements differ by media type; a good recommendation engine for a publishing site, for example, may not work as well for an over-the-top video platform.
A Matter of Survival
Five years ago, a media company CIO who said that data was media’s future would have received little support. The competitive landscape then was not the same as it is today, and boards of directors didn’t appreciate the severity of the digital threat. Even if a visionary CEO had decided to fund such a project, finding the right talent to execute it might have been impossible.
Times have changed. Media companies must recognize that adopting a new approach to data management is not only necessary but an imperative of the first order. If print companies don’t offer digital books and magazines, if broadcasters don’t offer vastly more video content on demand, and if all of them don’t capture data about their customers and provide personalized service—and go much further in imagining the future—they won’t survive.
Dominik Michaelis
Nicolas Hunke
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New exhibition at Leeds City Museum celebrates what it was like to grow up in Leeds
A new display at Leeds City Museum celebrates what it was like to grow up in Leeds
A new display at Leeds City Museum, has brought together memories of The Beatles, Bowie, football and festivals, all celebrating growing up in Leeds.
This exhibition, named 'Teenage Kicks', includes young history buffs bridging the generation gap by visiting older people at Age UK’s Arch Café, in order to compare notes on their different experiences of being a teen.
Leeds City Museum’s Preservative Party, who are all aged between 14-24, have used their own research along with items from the museum’s collection, in order to find out what life was like for young people from the 1950s right up until today.
They discovered stories such as the night The Beatles played the old Leeds Odeon in 1963 and David Bowie’s show-stopping gig at the Leeds Rolarena in Kirkstall in 1973.
They also explored the three games Elland Road hosted during the memorable Euro 96 football tournament, when both France and Spain played at the home of Leeds United.
The research team also looked at the Leeds Festivals from the 90s and 2000s, which were held at Bramham Park and Temple Newsam, where global names like Oasis, Eminem and Guns N’ Roses played on the main stage.
Objects which feature in the display include a Leeds United ticket from their Premier League home clash against Manchester United in 1996, a roller skate from the old Leeds Rolarena on Kirkstall Road, and eye-catching photos which illustrate some of the important chapters in Leeds’s history.
Leeds Museums and Galleries youth engagement officer, Esther Amis-Hughes, said: “It’s been an amazing experience for these young people, learning what life has been like for teenagers in Leeds over different generations and meeting people who knew what the city was like long before they were born”.
Amis-Hughes continues that “What’s become clear is that, whilst the activities and trends teenagers are into have very much changed and evolved over time, young people share a unique passion and enthusiasm for life that remains the same no matter what era they were born in”
Teenage Kicks can be found in Leeds City Museum’s community corridor and the museum is free to enter.
For more details, visit: https://www.leeds.gov.uk/museumsandgalleries/leedscitymuseum/visitor-information
See the Yorkshire filming locations for Peaky Blinders ahead of series five premiere
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Victoria County History - Wiltshire
A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 15, Amesbury Hundred, Branch and Dole Hundred
Parishes: Cholderton
A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 15, Amesbury Hundred, Branch and Dole Hundred. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1995.
CHOLDERTON
Manors and other estates.
Economic history.
Local government.
Nonconformity.
Charities for the poor.
Cholderton, (fn. 1) 686 ha. (1,695 a.), is in the upper Bourne valley 15 km. north-east of Salisbury. (fn. 2) In 1086 there were eight estates called Cholderton, four in Wiltshire and four in Hampshire: (fn. 3) the Wiltshire four constitute Cholderton parish; the other four remained in Hampshire as part of the adjoining parish of Amport. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Wiltshire Cholderton was sometimes called West Cholderton, (fn. 4) the Hampshire one East Cholderton. (fn. 5)
On the north-east the parish boundary, with Hampshire, is marked by a prehistoric ditch, called Devil's ditch, and on the north-west crosses a summit of Beacon Hill. On the west another prehistoric ditch marks the east—west section of the boundary with Bulford, and roads mark the boundary on the south and east.
The parish is entirely on Upper Chalk. Where it crosses the east part, on a roughly north—south course, the Bourne has deposited gravel. (fn. 6) From c. 183 m. on Beacon Hill the land falls southeastwards to the river, which leaves the parish at below 91 m., and in the south-east corner of the parish there is land at c. 100 m. The river flows only in late winter; even then it is often intermittent, and its course is frequently dry all year. Sometimes, however, severe flooding has occurred. (fn. 7) There was downland pasture in the north and south parts of the parish, arable on lower land east, west, and north of Cholderton village, and meadow beside the Bourne. (fn. 8)
Cholderton 1841
Two main roads crossed the parish in the later 17th century, the Oxford—Salisbury road via Hungerford (Berks.) across the west part, the London to Bridgwater (Som.) road via Andover (Hants) and Amesbury across the north part. A new course west of the parish had been adopted for the Hungerford road by 1773, and the old road through Cholderton parish decreased in importance. (fn. 9) The Andover–Amesbury road was turnpiked in 1761 and disturnpiked in 1871. (fn. 10) From 1958 it has been part of the London–Exeter trunk road, (fn. 11) and in 1988 a new dual-carriageway section was made across the parish a little north of the old course. (fn. 12) The road linking Cholderton village to Salisbury through the villages of the lower Bourne valley was blocked by imparking around Wilbury House in Newton Tony parish in the 18th century. (fn. 13) The old road south of the village fell into disuse, and Salisbury could be reached from Cholderton by what was evidently a new stretch of road southwest of the village and either a road on the western edge of Wilbury park or the road on the boundary with Newton Tony and the old Hungerford road. (fn. 14) In 1835, however, a turnpike road from Swindon and Marlborough to Salisbury was completed, a new section of road was made in Newton Tony, and the road through and south-west of Cholderton village became part of a main Swindon–Salisbury road through the Bourne valley. That road was disturnpiked in 1876. (fn. 15) It was still a main road in 1992, when the road on the boundary with Newton Tony and the old Hungerford road were tracks. A road from Grateley (Hants) crosses the main road in the village and runs west to join the Andover–Amesbury road in Bulford parish.
The two ditches on the parish boundary and a ditch, now obliterated, which crossed the parish north-west and south-east, all formed part of a prehistoric network, possibly connected with cattle ranching, centred on Sidbury Hill in North Tidworth. Two field systems, one of 50 a. south-west of Devil's ditch, and another of 100 a. in the south-west corner of the parish and extending into Newton Tony, are associated with them. Near the Bulford boundary are three Bronze-Age bowl barrows, one of which contained a secondary Romano-British cremation. Romano-British coins have also been found in the parish. (fn. 16)
Cholderton's assessment for taxation 1332–4 showed it as relatively prosperous, (fn. 17) there were 46 poll-tax payers in 1377, (fn. 18) and taxation assessments of the 16th century and earlier 17th indicate moderate prosperity. (fn. 19) The population rose from 127 in 1801 to 191 in 1861. It fell to 161 in 1871, apparently because a large family was away from the parish, but rose to 238 in 1911. It was 188 in 1921, 204 in 1961, and 200 in 1991. (fn. 20)
Cholderton village stands on the gravel, with buildings on both sides of the Bourne along the Salisbury road where it follows the west bank. Buildings on the east bank are approached by bridges. Near the north end a new bridge for Church Lane was built in 1834; in the south a bridge was built of brick with iron railings in 1858 and rebuilt in 1908. (fn. 21) The chief building materials of houses in the village are chalk, brick, and flint, and some cottages have thatched roofs.
In 1773, and presumably earlier, the principal buildings of the village, the church, the Rectory, and Cholderton House, were at the north end. In Church Lane a range of single-storeyed cottages, partly thatched, was built on the north side, possibly c. 1800, (fn. 22) and a village school was later built on the south side. (fn. 23) South of the church stood a manor house which in 1773 and 1817 had a small park to the east: the house was demolished between 1817 and c. 1832. (fn. 24) On or near its site Upper Farm, later Drybrook Lodge, was built c. 1860 to designs by T. H. Wyatt (fn. 25) to replace a farmhouse which stood beside the road. (fn. 26)
In the south part of the village the buildings were in 1773 and 1992 more closely grouped. (fn. 27) On the west side Lower or Manor Farm had extensive farm buildings around it in the early 19th century. (fn. 28) The house, called Manor House in 1992, was built in the earlier 18th century on a square plan with a single-storeyed kitchen wing to the south. The principal east front, of five boys, has two storeys with attic dormers, and is built of red brick with decorations of black brick and a moulded brick cornice. A twostoreyed north service block was built from old materials in 1914 to designs by A. C. Bothams. (fn. 29) South of the house stand an earlier 18th-century stable and a weatherboarded barn on staddle stones. In the 1980s a farm building was converted for residence and two private houses were built. At the road junction south-east of the house, a village hall with a clock tower was built in 1912 and, a little to the north, a fountain was built about the same time. (fn. 30) On the east side of the road most of the cottages were either rebuilt or altered in the 19th century. The Crown was an inn in 1855 (fn. 31) and 1992. By 1773 settlement had extended south into what was later called Grateley Road, (fn. 32) and east along it there was later more. Holly Tree House on the north side was built of chalk in the late 18th century and extended in the early 19th; other houses were built in the early 19th. (fn. 33) North of Grateley Road in Edric's Close six council houses and six bungalows for old people were built 1952–4. (fn. 34)
North of the village a farmstead was built on downland beside a pond on the south side of the Andover—Amesbury road in the late 18th century or early 19th. (fn. 35) A coach house east of it (fn. 36) was later converted to a pair of cottages. The farmstead was burnt down in 1870 (fn. 37) and was replaced by Down Barn. (fn. 38) A few other buildings, including a commercial garage and a large house of c. 1900, (fn. 39) were built beside the road. About 1900 H. C. Stephens, who owned most of the parish, (fn. 40) commissioned three houses and three pairs of cottages, (fn. 41) all of flint and red brick in vernacular style and built outside the village: Walnut Cottage, Ann's Farm (later Beacon House), and two pairs of cottages were built beside the road leading west from the village, later called Amesbury Road; Scotland Lodge was built beside the parish boundary in Bulford parish, and a pair of cottages was built beside the parish boundary north of the village. Also in Amesbury Road a pair of estate cottages was built in the 1920s or 1930s, and 12 council houses, 4 in 1927, 4 in 1932, 2 in 1939, and 2 in 1958, (fn. 42) and 4 private bungalows were built. A large private house, Cowden, was built of brick on the former Cow down south of the village in 1939. (fn. 43)
In 1904 waterworks, fed from springs in Hampshire and including reservoirs and a water tower in Cholderton, were constructed for the Cholderton Water Co. Ltd. to supply H. C. Stephens's Cholderton estate in Wiltshire and Hampshire. In 1992 the Cholderton & District Water Co. Ltd., so called from 1939, still supplied Cholderton and parts of other parishes. (fn. 44)
Alfsige (d. 959), archbishop of Canterbury, devised the reversion of either Cholderton or East or West Chittington (Suss.) to Alfwig. (fn. 45)
The estate of 3½ hides less 4 a. which became CHOLDERTON manor was held in 1086 by William of Eu (d. c. 1095). (fn. 46) Like other estates of William, the overlordship of the manor descended to Walter Marshal, earl of Pembroke (d. 1245). (fn. 47) The overlordship has not been traced further.
Bernard was William of Eu's tenant in 1086, (fn. 48) and the mesne lordship descended in his family to Roger Bernard (fl. c. 1175) and to Eudes Bernard who held it in 1242–3. (fn. 49) One of the family subinfeudated the manor to Reynold de Argentine, (fn. 50) and Richard de Argentine held it in 1242–3. (fn. 51) It passed to Reynold de Argentine (d. c. 1308) and his son John (d. c. 1323), who left a son John, a minor. (fn. 52) The family's interest has not been traced further.
The first Reynold de Argentine further subinfeudated the manor to a member of the Bassingbourn family. (fn. 53) Alan of Bassingbourn held it in 1242–3 (fn. 54) and it passed like Bassingbourn manor in Wimpole (Cambs.) in the direct Bassingbourn line to Baldwin (d. 1275), Warin (d. 1323), Warin (d. 1348), who held in chief and was granted free warren in his demesne at Cholderton, and Warin. (fn. 55)
John Skilling and his wife Faith held Cholderton manor in 1382. (fn. 56) Another John Skilling held it in 1428, (fn. 57) and it descended in the Skilling family like Shoddesden manor in Kimpton (Hants) to Elizabeth, daughter of a John Skilling, who married John Wynnard (fl. 1465) and afterwards Thomas Wayte (d. 1482). (fn. 58) Sir Thomas Lovell held the manor in 1492–4: it is likely that it had been forfeited, perhaps in 1485, and granted to him by the king. (fn. 59) In a way that is obscure it passed to John Thornborough, who died seised of it in 1511. It passed to John's son Robert (fn. 60) (d. 1522) and to Robert's relict Anne, who later married Sir Anthony Windsor. It was held in 1562 by Robert's grandson John Thornborough, (fn. 61) and after John's death c. 1594 by his relict Margaret. (fn. 62) The manor was sold before 1603 to Sir George Kingsmill (fn. 63) (d. 1606), passed to his relict Sarah (fn. 64) (d. 1629), afterwards wife of Edward la Zouche, Lord Zouche (d. 1625), and of Sir Thomas Edmundes, (fn. 65) and reverted to Bridget (will proved 1672), relict of Sir George's elder brother Sir Henry Kingsmill (d. 1624). (fn. 66) Bridget was succeeded by her son Daniel Kingsmill (will proved 1679) and Daniel by his relict Abigail (fl. 1681), (fn. 67) on whose death the manor reverted to Daniel's nephew Sir William Kingsmill (d. 1698). From Sir William's son and heir William (d. s.p. 1766) it descended to his niece Elizabeth (d. 1783), wife of Robert Brice, who took the name Kingsmill in 1766. (fn. 68) The manor was owned from 1781 or earlier by William Hayter (d. 1795) and afterwards by his nephew the Revd. Edward Foyle (d. 1832). (fn. 69) The manor house was that, south of the church, demolished in the earlier 19th century. (fn. 70)
Foyle, who already owned other land in the parish, (fn. 71) devised his Cholderton estate to his niece Frances Bolton (from 1835 Frances Nelson, Countess Nelson, d. 1878). (fn. 72) Her son and successor Sir Maurice Nelson sold the 1,016-a. estate in 1889 to the ink manufacturer H. C. Stephens (fn. 73) (d. 1918). (fn. 74) From 1893 Stephens owned nearly all the parish. (fn. 75) He devised it to his grandson P. M. L. Edmunds (fn. 76) (d. 1975), whose son Mr. H. A. Edmunds sold 380 a. in 1986 (fn. 77) and owned over 1,000 a. in 1992. (fn. 78)
Other estates in Cholderton originated in small estates held in 1066 by Alwin and Ulvric (½ hide each), Sewi (I hide), and Ulward (1 hide and 4 a.). Ernulf of Hesdin held them all in 1086 when Godric held the two ½ hides of him and Ulward held his I hide and 4 a. by lease. (fn. 79) The overlordship of the estates descended like Berwick St. James manor: it passed from Ernulf through the Chaworth family, in the 14th century was held by the earls and dukes of Lancaster, and as part of the duchy of Lancaster was attached to the Crown in 1399. (fn. 80)
Some estates held of Ernulf of Hesdin and his successors apparently merged to form LOWER farm. In 1203 Jordan Britton made good his claim against William Bacon to hold 3½ yardlands in Cholderton. (fn. 81) William Britton conveyed I hide in 1236 to Michael of Cholderton, (fn. 82) who held ½ knight's fee in 1242–3. (fn. 83) Land in Cholderton, possibly the same, was confirmed to Peter of Cholderton and his wife Isabel in 1256. (fn. 84) In the later 13th century William Edmund conveyed land, again possibly the same, to John of Durnford, who conveyed it to Sir Henry Thistleden. (fn. 85) About 1330 Henry Thistleden held land in Cholderton later reputed a manor (fn. 86) and either he or a namesake held it in 1361. (fn. 87) It apparently passed to Walter Carbonell and by 1428 had been divided into five or more parts. (fn. 88) One part, held in 1428 by William Nail, was conveyed in 1440 by him or a namesake to Thomas Bailey. (fn. 89) Later it was said to comprise a house and c. 508 a. and was held by Robert Bailey. Robert's daughter and heir Elizabeth married Ralph Reeve and 1532 x 1544 their son John claimed it. (fn. 90) Called a manor, it was later owned by Cuthbert Reeve (d. 1594) and his relict Eleanor (fl. 1599). (fn. 91) Another part, also called a manor, was held in the later 16th century by William Pound and his wife Ellen; (fn. 92) others were held by Agnes Philpot (fl. 1540) and her son Edward Philpot, (fn. 93) by William Rutter, (fn. 94) and possibly by Henry Clifford (fl. 1599). (fn. 95) None of the five has been traced further, and some or all were apparently merged to form Lower farm, which Henry Hoare (d. 1785) owned in 1737 and William Blatch (d. 1820) in 1781. (fn. 96) Blatch's son William sold the farm in 1830 to Sir Alexander Malet, Bt. (d. 1886), whose son Sir Henry Malet, Bt., sold it, then 565 a., in 1893 to H. C. Stephens, the owner of most other land in the parish. (fn. 97)
Other estates held of Ernulf of Hesdin were possibly the origin of the CHOLDERTON HOUSE estate. One, perhaps the ½ knight's fee held in 1242–3 by John de Aure, (fn. 98) was conveyed by Robert Hungerford (d. 1352) to Ivychurch priory. (fn. 99) It passed to the Crown at the Dissolution, (fn. 100) and was sold through agents in 1582. (fn. 101) John Harding (d. 1609) owned it, and his son Thomas (fn. 102) sold it in 1613 to Sir Thomas White (will proved 1641), who owned it in 1638. (fn. 103) It passed, apparently like Claygate manor in Ash (Surr.), to Sir Thomas's cousin Robert Woodroffe (d. 1639). Robert was succeeded in turn by his sons Thomas (fl. 1658) and George. (fn. 104) In 1676 George sold it to Jonathan Hill (d. 1727), who already owned land in the parish. (fn. 105) Hill's estate descended to his grandson John Lee Hill (will proved 1760), who owned it in 1737, and to John's son John Jonathan Hill. (fn. 106) J. J. Hill sold Cholderton House and 750 a. in 1771 to the Revd. Edward Foyle (d. 1784). The estate passed to Foyle's son the Revd. Edward Foyle and from 1795 descended with Cholderton manor. (fn. 107) In 1690 Cholderton House was built, of flint with red-brick dressings, as a twostoreyed house with attics above dentilled eaves and with a central doorway in a five-bayed east entrance front. (fn. 108) Features of 1690 to survive inside the house include panelling in rooms in the north-east corner, a staircase, doorcases, and doors. Other panelling was renewed or inserted in the 18th and 20th centuries. In the 19th the attics were made into a third storey. Before c. 1840 a west wing was built from the south end of the west elevation and a south wing from the west end of the south elevation. (fn. 109) The south wing was demolished in the mid 20th century. (fn. 110) West of the house the walls of a former kitchen garden incorporate a small, possibly early 19thcentury, classical gazebo and a large doorway with a keystone dated 1780. North of the house, and perhaps of c. 1690, a grove of yew trees, c. 3 a., was aligned in four north-south rows c. 250 ft. long: the inner rows enclosed two circular clearings. (fn. 111) The grove was ruined by a gale in 1893. (fn. 112)
Mottisfont priory (Hants) held land at Cholderton at the Dissolution. It was possibly given by one of the Chaworths, overlords of land in Cholderton and descendants of the priory's founder. In 1536 the land was granted to William Sandys, Lord Sandys (d. 1540), and his wife Margery. (fn. 113) From their son Thomas, Lord Sandys (d. 1560), it descended to his grandson William, Lord Sandys (d. 1623), who owned it in 1600. (fn. 114) It was perhaps the estate owned in 1659 by Jonathan Hill (d. 1670). Hill devised his lands to his wife Elizabeth (d. 1675) and to his son Jonathan (d. 1727). (fn. 115) From 1676 they descended as part of the Cholderton House estate. (fn. 116)
Two yardlands at Cholderton were given to Monkton Farleigh priory by Roger son of Otes, possibly the Roger of Cholderton who leased them from the priory in 1210. (fn. 117) The priory held the estate in 1291. (fn. 118) No later evidence has been found.
Before 1737 Anthony Cracherode (d. 1752) acquired an estate in Cholderton. He devised it to his cousin Mordaunt Cracherode, (fn. 119) who in 1755 sold it, then 97 a., to Thomas Hayter. (fn. 120) From Thomas (d. 1779) it passed to his son William (d. 1795), and it was merged with Cholderton manor. (fn. 121)
In 1086 the four estates at Cholderton had land for 5½ ploughteams which were there: apparently 3 teams were on demesne land and 2½ on land held by 5 bordars and 5 coscets. On the demesne of what became Cholderton manor there were 2 servi. There were 36 square furlongs of pasture but neither meadow nor woodland. (fn. 122)
Sheep-and-corn husbandry prevailed in the parish until the later 19th century. Until the later 18th there may have been roughly equal areas of open fields and common pasture. Nearly all the land north of the Andover—Amesbury road was apparently pasture for sheep: in the early 19th century, after inclosure, Tenantry down (c. 120 a.), Upper down (c. 200 a.), and Lower down (c. 200 a.) were mentioned, and a further 58 a. called Upper down lay west of the old Hungerford road in the south-west corner of the parish. In the south-east corner lay Cow down, c. 130 a. The open fields, mainly in the centre of the parish and perhaps c. 750 a., were called North, West or Middle, and South in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Meadows lay on either side of the Bourne. (fn. 123) A sheep down of 220 a., on which 560 sheep could be stinted, was inclosed in 1737, (fn. 124) other downland and some arable were inclosed in the period 1747–52, (fn. 125) and the remaining commonable land, c. 180 a. of arable and 73 a. of Cow down, was inclosed in 1806. (fn. 126) After it was inclosed most of the downland was ploughed. Some was burnbaked in the earlier 18th century (fn. 127) and in the earlier 19th all the downland except 52 a. of Cow down was arable. About 40 a. more of Cow down were ploughed in the period 1840–7. In the later 18th century there were two small parks, West park, c. 40 a. in 1776, and that south-east of the church: both had been ploughed by c. 1840. (fn. 128)
In 1659 there were two large farms, Upper and Lower, and four others, 1 of 2½ yardlands, 2 of 1 yardland, and 1 of ½ yardland. (fn. 129) Sainfoin was grown on c. 30 a. of Lower farm in the earlier 18th century (fn. 130) and elsewhere in 1753. (fn. 131) From 1781 or earlier to c. 1797 nearly all the land in the parish was in Lower farm, worked by William Blatch. From c. 1798 Upper farm was again separate. (fn. 132) In 1840 Upper farm was 953 a., of which c. 863 a. were arable, and Lower farm was 595 a., of which c. 550 a. were arable. The fields of both farms were of 20–30 a. (fn. 133)
There was less arable, but still about two thirds of the parish, in the period 1867–76, when grain, especially barley, was sown on about half the arable, root crops and vetches on the rest of it. More arable was laid to pasture 1876–86, and flocks totalling c. 2,000 sheep and herds averaging 60 pigs were kept. (fn. 134) Between 1889 and 1900 nearly the whole parish was brought in hand as part of H. C. Stephens's Cholderton estate based at Cholderton Lodge in Amport. It was divided into four farms, each with its arable divided into fields of 24 a. and its own manager. Michael's farm, 435 a. worked mainly from Down Barn, had 13 fields and c. 120 a. of woodland and downland; Ann's or Mount Pleasant farm, 389 a. worked from Beacon House, had 11 fields and c. 122 a. of woodland and downland; Pearl farm, 308 a. in the north corner of the parish, had 11 fields and c. 40 a. of woodland; Scotland farm, 330 a., had 11 fields and c. 62 a. of woodland. Cow down and other land east of the village was tenanted. The estate maintained a herd of Tamworth pigs, pedigree herds of Galloway and of Highland cattle, a stud of Cleveland Bays set up in 1885 from which carriage horses were supplied for the royal mews, and a flock of Hampshire Down sheep formed in 1890. Sainfoin was reintroduced as summer grazing for sheep. By the 1930s all the farms had been leased, the fields were again of different sizes, and all the downland north-east of the old Hungerford road was again pasture. In 1992 all except Ann's farm were again in hand as part of the Cholderton estate, which included about as much land in Hampshire as in Wiltshire: much of the Wiltshire land was arable and the Hampshire Down flock and Cleveland Bay stud were maintained. (fn. 135) Based at Beacon House, Cholderton Rare Breeds farm, c. 50 a., was open to the public. (fn. 136)
Hill's copse, 4 a. in 1817, was apparently the only woodland in the parish until c. 36 a., including the 14 a. of Scotland wood, were planted between 1817 and 1840. (fn. 137) Hill's copse was enlarged before c. 1878, and between 1889 and 1910 a total of 25 a. in four areas in the centre and west of the parish were planted. Between 1925 and 1948 trees were also planted along the parish boundary at its north corner. (fn. 138)
All those woods were standing in 1992.
At a small factory opened at Down Barn c. 1990 Country Leisure Group Ltd. in 1992 employed 18 people in making equipment for swimming pools. (fn. 139) Extensive stabling and an indoor riding school were built c. 1980 west of Cholderton House for a commercial equestrian centre. In 1992 the buildings and the former kitchen garden of the house were used for dressage training. (fn. 140)
An average of £16 a year was spent on the poor 1783–5, and in 1802–3 c. £37 was spent on relieving 7 regularly and 6 occasionally. Between 1812 and 1815 c. £70 a year was spent on relieving c. 8 regularly and c. 6 occasionally: the total number relieved in Cholderton was a much smaller proportion of the population than was usual elsewhere. (fn. 141) Sums spent each year were low for Amesbury hundred: they averaged c. £44 in the early 1820s, c. £67 in the early 1830s. (fn. 142) There was no unemployed pauper in Cholderton in 1848. (fn. 143) The parish was included in Amesbury poor-law union in 1835, (fn. 144) in Salisbury district in 1974. (fn. 145)
A church stood in Cholderton c. 1175 when Roger Bernard, mesne lord of Cholderton manor, granted it to St. Neots priory (Hunts.). (fn. 146) The benefice remained a rectory and became part of Bourne Valley benefice in 1973. (fn. 147)
The advowson was held until 1337 by St. Neots priory, which presented rectors. Its right to present was challenged unsuccessfully in 1305 by Henry Spicer, who may have been undertenant of Warin of Bassingbourn's Cholderton manor. After 1337 the possessions of St. Neots, the cell of an alien house, were frequently in the king's hands, and the king presented rectors in 1337 and 1348. The lords of Cholderton manor presented from 1399, except in 1602 when Giles Hutchins presented by grant of a turn. (fn. 148) On the death of Sarah Edmundes in 1629 the advowson, unlike Cholderton manor, reverted to Sir George Kingsmill's nephew Sir William Kingsmill (d. 1661), whose wife Anne presented in 1651. (fn. 149) The advowson passed to Sir William's and Anne's son Sir William Kingsmill (d. 1698), lord of Cholderton manor, who sold it in 1692 to the Revd. Thomas Cholwell (fn. 150) (will proved 1694). Cholwell devised it to Oriel College, Oxford. (fn. 151) John Potter (d. 1747), then regius professor of divinity, presented in 1709 by grant of a turn, (fn. 152) but thereafter the college presented and from 1973 was on the patronage board for Bourne Valley benefice. (fn. 153)
The rectory was valued at £4 6s. 8d. in 1291, (fn. 154) £11 10s. 6d. in 1535, (fn. 155) and £60 in 1650. (fn. 156) Its average income of £225 a year 1829–31 made it one of the poorer livings in Amesbury deanery. (fn. 157) Oriel College augmented the living in 1864. (fn. 158) The rector was entitled to all the tithes from the whole parish. (fn. 159) They were valued at £267 in 1840 and commuted. (fn. 160) The rector had 16 a. of glebe in 1341, (fn. 161) 12 a. in 1677, (fn. 162) 10 a. in 1840, and, after two exchanges, 8 a. from 1896: (fn. 163) 5 a. were sold in 1960, the remaining 3 a. c. 1967. (fn. 164) The rectory house was repaired in 1652–3, extended east in 1659, (fn. 165) and rebuilt c. 1722. (fn. 166) Most of the new house was demolished when another was built further east in 1828. (fn. 167) That was enlarged between 1836 and 1847. (fn. 168) It was sold c. 1967, (fn. 169) a new house having been built west of it c. 1965. (fn. 170)
Rectors, one of whom was licensed to study for a year in 1298, were often in minor orders in the late 13th century and early 14th. (fn. 171) In 1409 the rector was given a year's leave of absence. (fn. 172) A curate assisted the rector 1550–3 (fn. 173) and one may have served the cure in 1565 when the rector, a pluralist, did not reside. (fn. 174) Nathaniel Noyes, rector 1622–51, signed the Concurrent Testimony and, although he did not live in Cholderton, preached twice on Sundays in 1650. (fn. 175) His successor, Samuel Heskins, was rector 1651–1709. (fn. 176) In 1662 the church lacked the Book of Homilies and Jewell's Apology. (fn. 177) The rectors were fellows of Oriel College 1709– 1879. (fn. 178) George Carter, rector 1709–20, was provost of the college and employed a curate at Cholderton. (fn. 179) John Bradley, rector 1774–1801, (fn. 180) was also rector of Worting (Hants) (fn. 181) and employed Basil Cane, rector of Everleigh, as curate at Cholderton. Cane lived at Kimpton and was also curate of Shipton Bellinger (Hants). He held two Sunday services at Cholderton and preached at the morning one; he administered the sacrament four times a year to 12–14 communicants. (fn. 182) James Pickford, rector 1802–36, was also perpetual curate of Little Eaton (Derb.). His curate at Cholderton preached at two services each Sunday in 1832, held some weekday services, and administered the sacrament four times a year. (fn. 183) Thomas Mozley, rector 1836–47, (fn. 184) was a pupil and brother-in-law of J. H. Newman. He was the first rector since 1709 to reside continuously and propagated the tenets of the Tractarians, locally by distributing Tracts for the Times, nationally through the British Critic, of which he became editor in 1841, and in articles in The Times. (fn. 185) James Fraser, rector 1847–59, continued Mozley's work and incurred the displeasure of leading parishioners by preaching in a surplice. He became bishop of Manchester in 1870. (fn. 186) In 1850–1 c. 80 people attended Sunday morning services, c. 100 those on Sunday afternoons. (fn. 187) The rector held two services on Sundays in 1864: he preached at all the services except the morning ones in alternate weeks. Weekday services were attended by c. 20. The sacrament was administered on Christmas day, Easter Sunday, either Whit Sunday or Trinity Sunday, and eight other Sundays. Of the c. 36 communicants, c. 20 received communion at the great festivals, c. 18 at other times. (fn. 188) The last fellow of Oriel College to be rector, 1875–9, was William Stubbs, who in those years lived at Cholderton each summer: Stubbs was regius professor of modern history at Oxford 1866–84 and later bishop of Chester and of Oxford. (fn. 189) The rectory was held in plurality with that of Newton Tony 1953–73. (fn. 190)
The church of ST. NICHOLAS was so called in 1763. (fn. 191) In the early 19th century the nave may have survived from the 12th-century church. The chancel may have been built in the early 13th century: it had a roof of lower pitch than the nave's but internally was undivided from the nave. Two windows were inserted in the south wall of the nave in the 15th century or early 16th. A west gallery was lit by a south dormer window. The church also had a west porch. (fn. 192) A new church was built 1841–50, mostly at the expense of Thomas Mozley, beside and north of the old, which was demolished in 1851. The new church, collegiate in plan and 15th- or early 16th-century in style, comprises an undivided chancel and nave with west ante-chapel and north-west belfry. It was built of flint with dressings of Tisbury stone to designs by Mozley and T. H. Wyatt which allowed a late-medieval 10-bayed roof from Ipswich (Suff.) to be used. The pyramidal cap of the belfry was replaced by a wooden cage c. 1987. (fn. 193) A late 12th-century font and most of the mid 19th-century fittings survived in 1992.
In 1553 the king's commissioners took 2 oz. of plate and left a chalice of 8 oz. A paten and flagon given in 1848 and a chalice given in 1850 were held in 1992. (fn. 194) There were two bells in 1553, one presumably the medieval bell from the Salisbury foundry which alone hung in the belfry in 1992. (fn. 195) Registrations of baptisms and burials survive from 1652 and are complete. Marriage registrations survive from 1664 but are lacking 1753– 1812. (fn. 196)
A house in Cholderton was certified for Independents in 1765, another for Methodists in 1813, and another in 1850. (fn. 197) There was only one dissenter in the parish in 1864. (fn. 198)
A school for poor children was held in the earlier 18th century, evidently by the curate, (fn. 199) and Anthony Cracherode (d. 1752) gave by will £8 17s. a year to provide a teacher and books for 12 poor children. (fn. 200) Cracherode's school existed from 1753, and in 1818 a poorly qualified woman taught 6–8 children at it. Another school had c. 15 pupils in 1808 and was presumably the school with 16 pupils in 1818. (fn. 201) In 1833 the charity school had 28 pupils and was the only one in the parish; (fn. 202) in 1846–7 another ill qualified woman taught 14 children in it. (fn. 203) A new school in Church Lane was built from materials of the old church and opened in 1851, (fn. 204) when 17 attended. Numbers rose to 36, including children from other parishes, in 1853, (fn. 205) and in 1858 two teachers taught 40 children. (fn. 206) There were 30 pupils on attendance day in 1871. (fn. 207) The school was enlarged in the earlier 20th century; (fn. 208) the £8 17s. a year was added to its funds. (fn. 209) Average attendance was 53 in 1906–7, 34 in 1932, and 46 in 1938, (fn. 210) only 18 when the school was closed in 1978. (fn. 211)
An evening school was held twice weekly in winter 1851–3 by the rector and the schoolmistress. (fn. 212) The rector still held a night school in 1864. (fn. 213) At an evening continuation school held 1894–1900, attended by c. 9 pupils 1896–9 and c. 6 in 1900, arithmetic, geography, chemistry, botany, drawing, and music were taught. (fn. 214)
Anthony Cra-cherode (d. 1752) gave £3 3s. a year for the poor at Christmas. The money was shared among 6–8 people in 1901, (fn. 215) among 3 in 1951. (fn. 216) The £12 yearly income from that and from Cracherode's educational charity was being allowed to accumulate c. 1992. (fn. 217)
Agnes, relict of the rector James Fraser, by deed of 1885 gave £250 for winter clothing for the poor. In 1901 £8 10s. was given to a clothing club and £1 10s. to old people. (fn. 218) Between 1933 and 1947 money was given to a nursing fund and to poor people. The £9 income was divided among 9 people in 1951. (fn. 219) The £25 yearly income was being allowed to accumulate c. 1992. (fn. 220)
1. This article was written in 1992.
2. Maps used include O.S. Maps 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); 1/50,000, sheet 184 (1988 edn.); 1/25,000, SU 24 (1958 edn.); 6", Wilts. LV (1883, and later edns.).
3. V.C.H. Hants, i. 484, 495, 498, 503; V.C.H. Wilts. ii, pp. 140, 149.
4. W.R.O. 1448/1; 1810/23; Ch. Com. file, NB 34/32B/1.
5. V.C.H. Hants, iv. 337.
6. Geol. Surv. Maps 1", drift, sheet 282 (1967 edn.); 1/50,000, drift, sheet 298 (1976 edn.).
7. E. P. Barrow, Par. Notes (1889), 18; W.A.M. lxxxiv. 137, 140; W.R.O. 1810/28, pp. 10, no, 198, 205; 1810/31.
8. Below, econ. hist.
9. J. Ogilby, Brit. (1675), Pls. 32, 83; Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 9; O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); below, N. Tidworth, intro. [roads].
10. V.C.H. Wilts, iv. 257, 270; L.J. xxx. 138.
11. Above, Amesbury, intro. (roads).
12. Inf. from Dept. of Planning and Highways, Co. Hall, Trowbridge.
13. Below, Newton Tony, intro.
14. Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 6; O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.).
15. V.C.H. Wilts, iv. 257, 262, 270; below, Newton Tony, intro. [roads].
16. V.C.H. Wilts, i. (1), 57, 166, 251, 254, 275; below, N. Tidworth, intro. [prehist. remains].
17. Tax List, 1332 (W.R.S. xlv), 112; V.C.H. Wilts, iv. 297.
18. V.C.H. Wilts, iv. 306.
19. Taxation Lists (W.R.S. x), 2, 132; P.R.O., E 179/197/241; E 179/198/284; E 179/199/398.
20. V.C.H. Wilts, iv. 323, 344; Census, 1961; 1991.
21. P.R.O., IR 30/38/72; W.R.O. 1810/34 (annotated copy of Barrow, Par. Notes), n. on title p.; 1810/35.
22. Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 6; O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); P.R.O., IR 30/38/72.
23. Below, educ.
24. Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 6; Barrow, Par. Notes, 6–7; O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); P.R.O., IR 29/38/72; IR 30/38/72.
25. Kelly's Dir. Wilts. (1903); W.R.O. 776/39; 1810/34, n. on imprint p.
26. P.R.O., IR 29/38/72; IR 30/38/72.
27. Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 6.
29. W.R.O. 1894/67.
30. Ibid. 1810/28, p. 31; 1810/35; date on bldg.
31. Kelly's Dir. Wilts. (1855).
33. O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); P.R.O., IR 30/38/72.
34. W.R.O., G 1/602/2.
38. O.S. Map 6", Wilts. LV (1883 edn.).
39. Ibid. 6", Wilts. LV. SE. (1902, 1926 edns.).
40. Below, manors.
41. Inf. from Mr. H. A. Edmunds, Cholderton Park.
42. W.R.O., G 1/600/1; G 1/602/2.
43. Ibid. 1810/29, p. 71; W.A.S. Libr., sale cat. xxxvi, no. 55.
44. W.R.O. 776/39; 1340/90; 1340/93–4; 1340/96.
45. Finberg, Early Wessex Chart. p. 47.
46. V.C.H. Wilts. ii, p. 149; I. J. Sanders, Eng. Baronies, 119.
47. V.C.H. Wilts. ii, p. III; Bk. of Fees, ii. 745; Complete Peerage, x. 374–6.
48. V.C.H. Wilts. ii, p. 149.
49. Bk. of Fees, ii. 745; below, church.
50. P.R.O., C 146/9292.
51. Bk. of Fees, ii. 745.
52. Wilts. Inq. p.m. 1242–1326 (Index Libr.), 346–7; Cal. Inq. p.m. vi, p. 105.
55. V.C.H. Cambs. v. 265; Wilts. Inq. p.m. 1242–1326 (Index Libr.), 346–7; 1327–77 (Index Libr.), 191–2; Cal. Chart. R. 1327–41, 339.
56. Feet of F. 1377–1509 (W.R.S. xli), p. 9.
57. Feud. Aids, v. 241.
58. V.C.H. Hants, iv. 374; Feet of F. 1377–1509 (W.R.S. xli), p. 144; W.N. & Q. ii. 16.
59. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. i. 175, 177; D.N.B.
60. P.R.O., C 142/26, no. 82.
61. Ibid. C 142/39, no. 109; C 142/58, no. 2; ibid. WARD 9/129, f. 259 and v.; Hants R.O. 19M61/1295, ff. 89v.–92.
62. Hants R.O. 19M61/1295, ff. 96v.–100.
63. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. ii. 3.
64. P.R.O., PROB 11/107, ff. 177v.–178v.; Hants R.O. 19M61/1121.
65. Complete Peerage, xii (2), 949–54.
66. P.R.O., PROB 11/339, ff. 357v.–359; ibid. WARD 7/72, no. 121; Hants R.O. 19M61/1130.
67. Hants R.O. 19M61/1168; 19M61/1183; Oriel Coll., Oxf., Mun., DLL 8, notification, 1681; P.R.O., PROB 11/360, f. 168.
68. G.E.C. Baronetage, v. 331–2; P.R.O., PROB 11/453, ff. 264–5; Hants R.O. 19M61/1209.
69. Musgrave's Obit. iii (Harl. Soc. xlvi), 181; P.R.O., PROB 11/1119, ff. 143v.–145v.; W.R.O., A 1/345/108.
70. Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 6; above, intro.
71. Below, this section.
72. Complete Peerage, ix. 465; P.R.O., PROB 11/1807, ff. 298–300v.
73. Burke, Peerage (1963), 1781; W.R.O. 1340/1.
74. W.R.O. 1821/145.
76. Princ. Regy. Fam. Div., will of H. C. Stephens, 1919.
77. Inf. from Mr. H. A. Edmunds.
80. Below, Berwick St. Jas., manors (Berwick St. Jas.); e.g. Bk. of Fees, ii. 716; Cal. Inq. p.m. i, pp. 113–15; xi, pp. 93, 110; Cal. Close, 1360–4, 208.
81. W.N. & Q. i. 505.
82. P.R.O., CP 25/1/250/10, no. 93.
84. P.R.O., CP 25/1/251/18, no. 8.
85. Hist. MSS. Com. 78, Hastings, i, p. 242.
86. Feud. Aids, vi. 574.
87. Cal. Close, 1360–4, 208.
89. Ibid.; Feet of F. 1377–1509 (W.R.S. xli), p. 114.
90. P.R.O., C 1/881, no. 10.
91. Ibid. C 142/240, no. 26; ibid. E 179/198/329.
92. Ibid. C 3/139/9.
93. Ibid. C 3/136/48.
94. Ibid. REQ 2/395/54.
95. Ibid. E 179/198/329.
96. Ibid. PROB 11/1637, ff. 11v.–12v.; Hoare, Mod. Wilts. Add. 14; Hants R.O. 19M61/2142; W.R.O., A 1/345/108.
97. Burke, Peerage (1963), 1585–6; W.R.O., A 1/345/108; ibid. 1340/1, deed, Malet to Stephens, 1893; above, this section.
99. Cal. Inq. p. m. x, p. 19; xi, p. 110; B.L. Add. Ch. 40047.
100. P.R.O., E 310/26/153, rot. 14.
101. Cal. Pat. 1580–2, pp. 251–2.
102. P.R.O., C 142/310, no. 7.
103. Ibid. C 5/27/48; ibid. PROB 11/185, ff. 78v.–80; W.R.O. 1553/19, deed, Harding to White, 1613.
104. V.C.H. Surr. ii. 618; iii. 342; B.L. Add. Ch. 63639.
105. W.R.O. 1553/19, deed, Woodroffe to Hill, 1676; P.R.O., PROB 11/618, ff. 89–91; below, this section.
106. Barrow, Par. Notes, 10; P.R.O., CP 43/726, rot. 367; ibid. PROB 11/854, ff. 69v.–71; Hants R.O. 19M61/2142.
107. Hoare, Mod. Wilts. Add. 45; Wilts. Cuttings, xxiv. 12; P.R.O., PROB 11/1119, ff. 143v.–145v.; W.R.O., A 1/345/108; above, this section.
108. Date on N., S., and W. elevations.
109. P.R.O., IR 30/38/72.
110. Inf. from Mr. J. V. Cornelius-Reid, Cholderton Ho.
111. W.N. & Q. i. 87–8.
112. W.R.O. 1810/34, p. 7.
113. V.C.H. Devon, i. 567–8; V.C.H. Hants, ii. 172; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xi, p. 87; for the Sandys fam., Complete Peerage, xi. 441–6.
114. Cal. Pat. 1558–60, 329–30; W.N. & Q. iv. 556.
115. W.R.O., wills, archd. Sar., Jonathan Hill, 1672; ibid. 1293/1; P.R.O., PROB 11/618, ff. 89–91.
116. Above, this section.
117. Interdict Doc. (Pipe R. Soc. xxxiv), 17, 25; P.R.O., E 210/8815.
118. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 185.
119. P.R.O., PROB 11/794, ff. 243v.–244v.; Hants R.O. 19M61/2142; W.R.O. 1293/1.
120. W.N. & Q. ii. 161–2.
121. Musgrave's Obit. iii (Harl. Soc. xlvi), 181; P.R.O., PROB 11/1055, ff. 136v.–140; W.R.O., A 1/345/108; above, this section.
122. V.C.H. Wilts. ii, pp. 140, 149.
123. P.R.O., E 310/26/153, rot. 14; ibid. IR 29/38/72; IR 30/38/72; W.R.O., D 1/24/49/1; ibid. wills, archd. Sar., John Bemon, 1676; Thomas Wheeler, 1679; Hants R.O. 19M61/2142.
124. Hants R.O. 19M61/1075; 19M61/2142; 19M61/2145–6.
125. Oriel Coll., Oxf., Mun., DLL 8, incl. proposal; Barrow, Par. Notes, 33; W.R.O. 1810/23.
126. W.R.O. 1448/1.
127. Hants R.O. 19M61/2145–6.
128. T. Mozley, Reminiscences chiefly of Towns, Villages and Schs. ii. 312–13; Coroners' Bills, 1752–96 (W.R.S. xxxvi), p. 156; Andrews and Dury, Map (W.R.S. viii), pl. 6; O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); P.R.O., IR 29/38/72; IR 30/38/72.
130. Hants R.O. 19M61/1075.
131. W.R.O. 1810/23, deed, Cracherode to Parry, 1753.
132. Ibid. A 1/345/108; Barrow, Par. Notes, 33; Vis. Queries, 1783 (W.R.S. xxvii), p. 66.
133. P.R.O., IR 29/38/72; IR 30/38/72.
134. Ibid. MAF 68/151, sheet 29; MAF 68/493, sheet 15; MAF 68/1063, sheet 13.
135. W.A.M. xl. 277–8; W.R.O. 1340/3; 1340/22; 1340/40; 1340/44; 1894/77; [1st] Land Util. Surv. Map, sheet 122.
136. Inf. from Mr. D. W. Sydenham, Beacon Ho.
137. O.S. Map 1", sheet 14 (1817 edn.); P.R.O., IR 29/38/72; IR 30/38/72.
138. O.S. Maps 6", Wilts. LV (1883 and later edns.); 1/25,000, 41/24 (1948 edn.); W.R.O., Inland Revenue, val. reg. 148.
139. Wilts. Dir. of Employers (Wilts. co. council, 1992); W.R.O. 1894/77.
140. Inf. from Mr. Cornelius-Reid.
141. Poor Law Abstract, 1804, 558–9; 1818, 492–3; V.C.H. Wilts. iv. 344.
142. Poor Rate Returns., 1816–21, 185; 1822–4, 225; 1825– 9, 215; 1830–4, 209; Poor Law Com. 2nd Rep. App. D, 558.
143. T. Hughes, Jas. Fraser, 69.
144. Poor Law Com. 2nd Rep. App. D, 558.
145. O.S. Map 1/100,000, admin, areas, Wilts. (1974 edn.).
146. G. C. Gorham, Hist. Eynesbury and St. Neots., ii, p. cxxxv.
147. Inf. from Ch. Com.
148. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. (index in W.A.M. xxviii. 216); Feud. Aids., v. 199.
149. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. ii. 24, corrected by W.R.O. 1293/1; Hants R.O. 19M61/1154; P.R.O., PROB 11/305, ff. 236–7.
150. V.C.H. Hants, iv. 254; Oriel Coll., Oxf., Mun., DLL 8, notification, 1692; Hants R.O. 19M61/2149.
151. P.R.O., PROB 11/418, ff. 40–1.
152. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. ii. 49; D.N.B.
153. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. ii. 49, 56, 72, 84, 87, 102–3; Crockford (1896 and later edns.); Clergy List (1859 and later edns.); inf. from Ch. Com.
155. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii. 91.
156. W.A.M. xl. 259.
157. Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues., 830–1.
158. Ch. Com. file 28187.
159. W.R.O., D 1/24/49/1.
161. Inq. Non. (Rec. Com.), 172.
163. Ibid. 1340/1; P.R.O., IR 29/38/72.
164. W.A.S. Libr., sale cat. xxxiii, no. 21; Wilts. Cuttings, xxiii. 90.
166. Oriel Coll. Mun., DLL 8, agreement, 1721, letter, 1722, report, 1750.
167. W.R.O., D 1/61/5/38.
168. Mozley, Reminiscences., ii. 311.
169. Wilts. Cuttings, xxiii. 90.
170. W.R.O. 1810/15A.
171. Reg. Ghent (Cant. & York Soc.), ii. 674, 836; Reg. Martival (Cant. & York Soc.), i. 305–6; Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. i. 6.
172. Reg. Hallum. (Cant. & York Soc.), p. 104.
173. W.R.O., D 1/43/1, ff. 58, 109v.
174. Ibid. D 1/43/4, f. iv.
175. Ibid. 1293/1; Subscription Bk. 1620–40 (W.R.S. xxxii), p. 18; Calamy Revised., ed. Matthews, 557; W.A.M. xl. 259.
177. Ibid. D 1/54/1/3, no. 43.
178. Barrow, Par. Notes, 8.
179. Alum. Oxon. 1500–1714, i. 243; Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. ii. 49, 56; W.R.O. 1293/1.
180. Phillipps, Wilts. Inst. ii. 87, 102.
181. W.N. & Q. viii. 442.
182. V.C.H. Wilts. xi. 141; Vis. Queries, 1783 (W.R.S. xxvii), p. 66.
183. Ch. Com. file, NB 34/32B/1.
184. Alum. Oxon. 1715–1886, iii. 995.
185. V.C.H. Wilts. iii. 58–9, 64; D.N.B.
186. Alum. Oxon. 1715–1886, ii. 491; Hughes, Fraser, 80–1.
187. P.R.O., HO 129/262/3/1/1.
188. W.R.O., D 1/56/7.
189. Alum. Oxon. 1715–1886, iv. 1369; D.N.B.
190. Crockford (1955 and later edns.); Ch. Com. file, NB 34/32B/1.
191. J. Ecton, Thesaurus (1763), 391.
192. W.A.M. lxx/lxxi. 104; Hoare, Mod. Wilts. Amesbury, 101; J. Buckler, watercolour in W.A.S. Libr., vol. i. 5 (1805); see below, plate facing p. 235.
193. Barrow, Par. Notes, 24; Churches of SE. Wilts. (R.C.H.M.), 125; V.C.H. Wilts. iii. 62; W.A.M. lxx/lxxi. 107; W.R.O. 1810/19.
194. Nightingale, Wilts. Plate, 38; inf. from Brig. M. J. A. Clarke, the Brake, Cholderton.
195. Walters, Wilts. Bells, 52; inf. from Brig. Clarke.
196. W.R.O. 1293/1–3; 1810/3; bishop's transcripts for earlier periods and for marriages 1795–1812 are ibid.; marriages 1664–1752 are printed in Wilts. Par. Reg. (Mar.), ed. W. P. W. Phillimore and J. Sadler, vii. 95–8.
197. Meeting Ho. Certs. (W.R.S. xl), pp. 27–8, 74, 167.
199. T. Cox, Magna Brit. vi (1731), 198.
200. Endowed Char. Wilts. (S. Div.), 93–5; cf. below, charities.
201. Educ. of Poor Digest, 1023; Lamb. Palace Libr., MS. 1732; W.R.O. 1810/23.
202. Educ. Enq. Abstract, 1033.
203. Nat. Soc. Inquiry, 1846–7, Wilts. 4–5.
204. Hughes, Fraser, 78–81.
205. P.R.O., ED 7/130, no. 75.
206. Acct. of Wilts. Schs. 15.
207. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 426–7.
208. O.S. Maps 1/2,500, Wilts. LV. 15 (1910, 1924 edns.).
209. Endowed Char. Wilts. (S. Div.), 94.
210. Bd. of Educ. List 21, 1908 (H.M.S.O.), 501; 1932, 407; 1938, 422.
211. W.R.O., F 8/600/70/1/3/2, pp. 122, 125; inf. from Director of Educ., Co. Hall, Trowbridge.
214. Ibid. F 8/500, Cholderton evening sch. 1894–1900.
215. Endowed Char. Wilts. (S. Div.), 93–5.
216. W.R.O., L 2, Cholderton.
217. Inf. from Brig. Clarke; cf. above, educ.
220. Inf. from Brig. Clarke.
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Ogden Memorial Lecture on International Affairs
About the Ogden Lectureship
Stephen A. Ogden Jr. '60
Since 1965, the Ogden Lectures have been among the most distinguished of their kind, serving both the Brown and Rhode Island communities in the field of international relations. Stephen A. Ogden Jr., an active member of the Brown Class of 1960, was seriously injured in an automobile accident in the spring of his junior year. After a valiant fight for life, he died in 1963. Established by his family, the Ogden lectureship came into being two years later as a means of achieving in some small measure what Steve Ogden had hoped to accomplish in his life: the advancement of international peace and understanding.
The Ogden Lectures are a living tribute to the memory of a young man who had hoped to devote his abilities and energy to the field of international relations. These lectures have brought to the University and to Rhode Island a large number of international diplomats, as well as many global affairs policy makers and practitioners.
Office of University Event & Conference Services
Office of University Event & Conference Services Brown University Box 1941 Providence, RI 02912
universityevents @brown.edu
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Rough total for Trump's July Fourth extravaganza: $5.4 million
Interior Secretary David Bernhardt provided the latest share of costs, $2.45 million for his agency, in a letter to lawmakers, saying his agency pulled money from operating funds for national parks, recreation fees, and another source to help fund Trump's Salute to America.
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump's July Fourth extravaganza — featuring tanks, a military flyover, and a Trump speech at the Lincoln Memorial — cost an estimated $5.4 million, according to rough figures Thursday.
The event included donated fireworks, a military flyover, and Trump's speech to a rained-on crowd at the Lincoln Memorial.
Trump announced Monday he would do it all again next year , calling the event "remarkable."
Democratic lawmakers have condemned the extra expenditures for the Independence Day celebration, which came in addition to the traditional concert, fireworks and events held at near the U.S. Capitol.
Arizona Democratic Rep. Raul Grijalva, chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee and one of several Democrats who had demanded a full cost accounting, said in response to Interior's funding estimates that the public funds were spent to "celebrate President Trump."
Bernhardt called the use of public funds justified, and cited past administrations' spending for concerts, parades and other celebrations in and around the National Mall. Interior's costs included crowd accommodations such as temporary fencing and portable toilets.
In addition, the Department of Defense says its costs came to $1.2 million. Despite repeated requests, the Pentagon as of Thursday refused to provide a precise breakdown.
The military's efforts included positioning tanks on flat-bed trailers around the capital, meeting Trump's desire for tanks while minimizing damage to district roads from the heavy armor.
Separately, Washington Mayor Muriel E. Bowser wrote Trump to say the district's costs for Trump's July Fourth event have drained a special fund used to provide security and protect the nation's capital from terrorist threats.
The District of Columbia estimates it spent about $1.7 million — not including police expenses for related demonstrations.
Bowser wrote Trump that the fund will have a $6 million deficit by September, reminding the president that the account was never reimbursed for $7.3 million in expenses from Trump's 2017 inauguration.
White House spokesman Judd Deere says officials will respond "in a timely manner."
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Start-Ups And Green Exchanges Hoping To Fix New York
We don’t want to be short our own city, but the fact of the matter is that New York is in trouble. Ask Peggy Noonan. Or Mike Bloomberg. With big banks in the toilet, the city is losing 65,000 high paying jobs and billions in tax revenue.
All’s not lost, though. The New York Times reports the city’s going to claw its way out of this slump by taking a few big bets, crossing its fingers, and hoping for the best.
But last week, Mr. Bloomberg laid out a very different vision of the city’s future. Standing in a large, empty space a mile north of the financial district, he pinned hopes for a financial revival on businesses of a different scale: start-ups conceived and managed by the defrocked wizards of Wall Street.
Rather than write them off as losers in the casinos of capitalism, city officials are encouraging them to start over, the Silicon Valley way. As part of a $45 million program, the city will subsidise garage-size offices as hatcheries for their most promising ideas for new businesses in finance or other fields.
The Alley comes gunning for the Valley. We love it. What else does the city have up its sleeve?
One new focus of city officials’ attention is maintaining and developing financial exchanges and other infrastructure for the sector. Among the current concerns is catching up to the Chicago Climate Exchange, which is trying to establish itself as the hub for the trading of greenhouse gas emission credits. The New York Mercantile Exchange started trading a few environmental securities last year as a prelude to what it calls the Green Exchange.
The Green Exchange employs only a few people so far and all of the trading on it is expected to be conducted electronically, said a spokesman for CME Group, which owns it. But city officials are more interested in the cachet and magnetism of being the home of what could be the next big thing in trading and finance.
Great. Maybe this will be a big success, then we’ll have financial wizards develop some climate related CDS and the whole process will start over again. Its time to give up exchanges, New York City. Can’t you see they’re no good for you?
budget economy financial crisis garbage green tech greensheet-us manhattan michael bloomberg new york
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The Incredible Story Of How Target Exposed A Teen Girl's Pregnancy
Gus Lubin
Target broke through to a new level of customer tracking with the help of statistical genius Andrew Pole, according to a New York Times Magazine cover story by Charles Duhigg.
Pole identified 25 products that when purchased together indicate a women is likely pregnant. The value of this information was that Target could send coupons to the pregnant woman at an expensive and habit-forming period of her life.
Plugged into Target's customer tracking technology, Pole's formula was a beast. Once it even exposed a teen girl's pregnancy:
[A] man walked into a Target outside Minneapolis and demanded to see the manager. He was clutching coupons that had been sent to his daughter, and he was angry, according to an employee who participated in the conversation.
"My daughter got this in the mail!" he said. "She's still in high school, and you're sending her coupons for baby clothes and cribs? Are you trying to encourage her to get pregnant?"
The manager didn't have any idea what the man was talking about. He looked at the mailer. Sure enough, it was addressed to the man's daughter and contained advertisements for maternity clothing, nursery furniture and pictures of smiling infants. The manager apologized and then called a few days later to apologize again.
On the phone, though, the father was somewhat abashed. "I had a talk with my daughter," he said. "It turns out there's been some activities in my house I haven't been completely aware of. She's due in August. I owe you an apology."
Did you know stores have that technology? For more information and Target's response, head over to the NYT.
Don't miss: 15 ways supermarkets trick you into spending more money >
More: Target Pregnancy Customers
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Test for coalition is to hold its nerve
By Pat Rabbitte Sep 7, 2014
Pat Rabbitte.
With domestic indicators improving, and the eurozone's stagnation being addressed, the government has to stay the course, writes Pat Rabbitte.
Nobody was more surprised than Clement Attlee when, in the 1945 election, his British Labour Party unexpectedly swept aside the Conservatives, led by wartime hero Winston Churchill. Attlee’s Labour government went on to implement some of the biggest reforms of any government in 20th-century Britain, including the establishment of the National Health Service.
Nonetheless, Attlee’s administration could not escape the fundamental dynamics of politics. As Roy Hattersley described it in his book Fifty Years On:...
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All The 'Hamilton' Jokes At The Tony Awards Prove That Even Broadway Knows We Can't Stop Talking About It
By Leah Marilla Thomas
Theo Wargo/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
If you thought that Hamilton references and jokes were dominating television, your Twitter feed, and texts from your Dad — just you wait for the Tony Awards. I guarantee that all the stars on Broadway are just as obsessed as you are. Here's a roundup of the best Hamilton jokes in the Tony Awards, because it's finally time for the Great White Way to take a shot at the mega hit.
Actually, if I'm being honest, the fact that we can't stop talking about and referencing Hamilton actually worries me a little. This is a tricky position for any show to be in. I know it's easy to talk about Hamilton potentially sweeping the Tony Awards. I'm almost scared that the show's success is a jinx on itself. There have been Tony upsets in the past. It happens. Plus, I don't want any of the other hard-working shows and performers to get bitter that they can't stand up to Hamilton's already legendary status. This night should be about celebrating theatre.
Luckily, anyone who puts themselves through eight shows a week on Broadway can't take themselves too seriously, and the love was flowing on Tony night. From the host James Corden to presenters like Carole King, these were the best Hamilton-related quotes and moments from the evening.
"The show will not be all about Hamilton. There will be commercial breaks."
James Corden came out swinging with this one, which was basically saying what we were all thinking.
"What some might even call revolutionary."
Carole King, slipping in a sly reference before presenting the award for Best Score.
"I'm not free-styling, I'm too old. I wrote you a sonnet instead."
Lin-Manuel Miranda, referencing his speech for winning Best Score for In The Heights. It was funny, so I'm counting it.
"I confess, we all laughed. But who's laughing now?"
President Barack Obama, referencing the world's first introduction to Hamilton in 2009 at a White House poetry jam.
"As long as we stay, just like our country, young, scrappy, and hungry."
First Lady Michelle Obama, because she may be the show's biggest fan of all.
"There's a lot about Hamilton, isn't there?"
James Corden's very British father, when asked which show he'd like to see. Good luck getting tickets!
"Look around, look around. How lucky we are to be alive right now."
Producer Jeffery Seller in the Best Musical acceptance speech for Hamilton, because they are allowed to go there.
"Thank God, I picked the right outfit!"
Queen Barbra Streisand, referencing her revolutionary ruffles before presenting Hamilton with Best Musical and ending the night on the perfect, celebratory note.
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This Woman's Tattoo After Her Miscarriage Opens An Important Dialogue
Despite the fact that 10 to 20 percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage, the topic of miscarriage is very rarely discussed. Only recently have people started a dialogue around the taboo around sharing the pain of miscarriages, and this woman who got a tattoo after her miscarriage at seven weeks is one extremely powerful example of that. Joan B., who wishes to remain anonymous, recently shared the image of her tattoo, where it immediately received an outpouring of support, empathy, and shared stories from people who experienced the same loss.
“It’s sort of a conversation piece, because I know people don’t want to talk about miscarriages, and it’s really taboo,” said Joan in an interview with SELF. “But for me, I’m not really ashamed that it happened. It was another life experience even though it was a bad life experience. I don’t want to forget and I don’t want to pretend it didn’t happen.”
The tattoo is on her left ankle, mirroring the tattoo she got on her right ankle to commemorate her marriage. It is an image of a simple, single line connecting her to the baby that she lost, accompanied by two hearts.
Joan brings up the crux of a lot of the taboo surrounding miscarriage by mentioning the word "shame" — unfortunately, a lot of women who experience miscarriage then experience grief, shame, anxiety, and depression, according to the American Psychological Association. There is a misplaced sense of guilt, despite the fact that there was nothing the mother could have done to prevent it. According to Janet Jaffe, PhD, a clinical psychologist at the Center for Reproductive Psychology in San Diego, there is also a sense that women who miscarry early in their pregnancies are somehow "less entitled" to their grief than women who carried longer, prompting them to stay silent rather than reach out for support — despite research indicating that there is no link between the length of gestation in a miscarriage and the amount of grief a mother feels for the loss.
This taboo is, unfortunately, further reinforced by the notion that people shouldn't announce their pregnancies until the "safety window" at 12 weeks. Recently, parenting blogger Sophie Cachia addressed this taboo by announcing her pregnancy at nine weeks, writing:
I feel like it would be a serious contradiction to everything I’ve ever written about if I spent the next month continuing to lie. I didn’t want to keep lying and continue to hide my pregnancy, but yet we are made to feel like we should.
Can’t we as women have control over our bodies and thus make our own decisions? One in four pregnancies end in miscarriage, and women’s silence means that rate is likely to be even higher.
Women like Joan B. and Sophie Cachia being so open about their experiences and breaking the taboos around pregnancy will hopefully help foster a dialogue where women don't feel as though they have to hide their own news, good or bad — and can instead feel more free to share with their loved ones and close friends in times when they need the support most.
Images: Imgur, Unsplash
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Amazing British Teen Singer MNEK Will Restore Your Faith In Pop Music
He's kind of a prodigy.
Posted on February 27, 2014, 17:16 GMT
Naomi Zeichner
Via instagram.com
MNEK (that's: em-en-ee-kay) has been writing songs since he was 9 and producing hits since he was 14. "Us black musicians can deliver something different than your ordinary take your shirt off and dance like Michael Jackson affairs," he said at that age, when Geri was his favorite Spice Girl. Born Uzoechi Osisioma Emenike, he's 19 now. He's got a perfect flat top.
Behind the scenes, MNEK has been a big deal in the UK for a while, working on three top 10 singles since 2011. But now he's finally recording his debut solo LP, which will twist up all the soul and skill he's soaked up from the best of '80s, '90s and '00s pop, and add a big dose of internet-baby cool. Download the excellent album preview mix MNEK made for a sense of what that sounds like. Basically: these are songs to go dumb dancing to, but they're not dumb.
Listen to the gorgeous, stripped-down version of MNEK’s new single, “Don’t Call This Love.”
youtube.com / Via thefader.com
How does he already know so much about what the world can do to your heart?
Then check out “Ready For Your Love,” the Gorgon City dance smash MNEK helped write and sang on last year.
Hear MNEK’s chart-topping collabs with Duke Dumont and Little Mix:
These days, MNEK is hanging out with Katy Perry.
And recording with a 14-piece string ensemble.
Nothing bad will come of this. Get excited.
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Humans For AI: Crafting Humanity’s Journey in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
by Ashish Sukhadeve February 10, 2018 0 comments
Reflecting on the rapidly increasing adoption of artificial intelligence and – building an environment to foster innovation, Humans For AI was formed. Humans For AI is a non-profit organization composed of volunteers across business, engineering, science and from various industries from tech to banking to retail to education. The organization believes AI’s pervasive impact will require humanity to control the pace to which it is woven into the fabric of our lives. Through education, community, and inclusion, Humans For AI wants to demystify AI to enable and empower the workforce of the future to be AI-savvy and to be as diverse as the real world.
The B•O•L•D Approach Humans For AI:
BROADEN the pipeline of minorities currently in tech careers, seeking to move to careers in AI by being the go-to-destination for all things AI. It is their belief that diversity of thought and opinion ultimately builds better products.
Create an OPEN and inclusive community of people interested in AI by facilitating interactions with experts, practitioners and thought leaders in the field.
LEVERAGE AI to release a set of free products built by this community to further our mission to bring increased diversity to AI.
DEMYSTIFY AI by providing a basic understanding of the concepts, thinking and events in AI for novices and non-technical people interested in how AI will impact their lives and their jobs.
Leadership: The Source of Inspiration
Humans for AI was founded by Beena Ammanath, who is currently Global VP, Data, Artificial Intelligence and New Tech Innovation at Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE). Prior to that, she was VP of Data Sciences and Innovation at General Electric.
Beena is an award-winning senior executive with global experience in digital transformation, artificial intelligence, big data and the IoT space with awards such as 2016 Women Super Achiever Award from World Women’s Leadership Congress and induction into WITI’s 2017 Women in Technology Hall of Fame. She has been honored by the San Francisco Business Times as one of the 2017 Most Influential Women in Bay Area and by the National Diversity Council as one of the Top 50 Multicultural Leaders in Tech.
In 2016, Beena won CIO.com and Drexel University’s first-ever Analytics 50 awards for being one of the top 50 global innovators in data science and was also listed as one of the Top 8 Female Analytics Experts from the Fortune 500 by Forbes.
Beena’s depth of experience and knowledge spans across e-commerce, financial, marketing, telecom, retail, software products, services and industrial domains with companies such as HPE, GE, Thomson Reuters, British Telecom, Bank of America, E*TRADE and a number of Silicon Valley startups.
Technology to Transform Different Industries
Beena believes that Artificial Intelligence is going to change life as we know it today! AI will be as pervasive as the Internet and Mobile Technologies. AI’s influence is not going to be restricted to tech roles – it is going to change how nurses, pilots, physical therapists, small business owners, investment bankers and farmers all do their jobs.
Humans For AI has over 70 volunteers coming from professions with an increased focus on building AI into the organization. The organization represents companies in start-up AI tech and industries like CPG, Airlines, Retail, Banking, Security, Manufacturing, to name a few. With seasoned experience in enterprise, tech, start-ups, across all industry verticals, the leadership team of the organization includes:
Raman Grover as CTO
Hessie Jones as CMO
Sirisha Suri as CFO
Payel Chowdhury as COO
Danielle Apgar as CPO
Future Plans: To Build AI products for the Community
Humans For AI aims to build the diverse workforce of the future leveraging – existing AI technologies. The organization’s mission is to attract more women and minorities from industries: banking, legal, retail, manufacturing etc into tech industry by demystifying core AI concepts and nuances, so they can be the future product managers and product designers for the AI products specific to their industry.
Talking about plans ahead, Beena said: “We will also release a set of free AI products built by this community to support our mission and retain and grow women and minorities already in tech careers”.The organization is pursuing opportunities that include building comprehensive programs for AI education for the high school classrooms, as well as for industry domains. Humans For AI is in the process of developing strategies for these curriculums that will allow students and professionals interested in AI to develop their skills through a measured learning process.
The goal is to fill the gap that currently exists in the marketplace and provide access to information and tools not typically developed for non-technical users. “No one is attempting to do this yet. We want to take on this challenge head-on”, says Beena.
AI is still nascent. Humans For AI still face the challenge of complacency, with increased resistance to change. Many companies fear change and the inevitability of digital disruption.
Social networks, over a decade ago, have opened the floodgates and have allowed the consumer a stronger voice, an unfiltered opinion, the opportunity to select, to create and be the author of their own stories. AI will only accelerate this as people will seek to increase their social footprint in exchange for convenience, better information, more customization – essentially better lives.
As AI moves into the mainstream, the “demand for AI solutions” will outweigh the supply of talent that can fulfill them. Google is already in the process of developing an AI to develop AI. They understand that only a few have the talent to build scalable AI solutions.
“We believe that humans, not machines, must be integral to building the AI solutions. Just like companies who have been slow to change, humans who want to thrive in the AI world will also need to learn and understand how they can facilitate AI within their industry and their jobs. We feel this needs to start now and we want to influence this change”, Beena said.
AI in the Times Ahead
Beena feels that AI is destined to change the game for consumers, industry, the workforce, and society at large. The promise of AI has massive potential to enable today’s workforce through more productivity via automation and bring more leisure at the same time.
Amidst the excitement of AI also looms a hesitancy to fully embrace its potential. Data, as the new currency, will annihilate those who don’t leverage its insights. AI will compound the problem and further increase the divide between those who have the resources and those who do not. Traditional professions like lawyers, teachers, and accountants, our impressionable youth, education, government and industry which have not evolved with the times – they are all vulnerable to role displacement in the wake of AI.
Humans for AI believes that the next economy will be shaped by humanity. There is no profession, industry or country immune to its effects. However, domain expertise, through human-assisted AI, will become more important for better and safer AI products in the future. The organization wants to attract women and minorities to be able to bridge the gap between their domain and tech.
“We need to start the conversation: To understand people’s fears, AI’s impact on people’s jobs, their livelihood, their kids’ futures, and ultimately, their purpose. We want honest discussion – the fears, the opportunities, the impediments and the changes that need to happen. It needs to start TODAY”.
Ashish Sukhadeve
Ashish brings over 12 years of experience in business research and analytics across different sectors. He graduated from National Institute of Technology (NIT), Durgapur in 2001. Ashish has completed executive programs in business analytics from IIT, Hyderabad and Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS).
More by Ashish Sukhadeve
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Beth’s Story
Our Value Statement
Chesapeake Savings Plan
Women Focused Planning
Our Team Mascot
E-Learn
71 Old Mill Bottom Rd North
E-mail address: admin@chesapeake-financial.com
Printed from: www.chesapeake-financial.com
The history of estate taxes in America has been a long and winding road. Careful estate planning is still one of the most important ways to manage and protect your assets for your heirs.
The Stamp Act of 1797 was the first federal estate tax in the United States and was passed to help fund an undeclared war with France; it was repealed in 1802. The Revenue Act of 1862 reinstated the estate tax in order to fund the Civil War; it was abolished in 1870. To finance the Spanish American War, the War Revenue Act of 1898 was passed, and subsequently abolished in 1902. Due to the costs of World War I, the Revenue Act of 1916 reinstated an estate tax that, in some form or other, has been in effect ever since.
The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 gradually increased the federal estate tax exemption, until finally repealing the federal estate tax altogether for the 2010 tax year only. The Tax Relief Act of 2010 reinstated the federal estate tax with a $5 million exemption, indexing the exemption for inflation after 2011. The provisions of the Tax Relief Act of 2010 expired on December 31, 2012.
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 increased the federal estate tax rate from 35% to 40%, but left in place the higher exemption level, which reached $5.49 million in 2017 (up from $5.45 million in 2016); both provisions are now permanent. It also left in place the “portability” of any unused exemption between spouses.
The latest major piece of tax legislation is the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. This Act doubled the federal estate tax exclusion to $11.18 million in 2018 (indexed annually for inflation) while retaining the 40% tax rate. The 2019 federal estate tax exclusion is $11.4 million. In 2026, the exclusion is scheduled to revert to its pre-2018 level.
Securities offered through Registered Representatives of Cambridge
Investment Research, Inc., a brokerdealer, member FINRA/SIPC. Advisory
services offered through Bay Financial Planning and Tax Services, a
Registered Investment Adviser. Chesapeake and Bay Financial Planning and Tax
Services and Cambridge are not affiliated.
This message may contain confidential information and is intended for use only by the addressee(s) named on this transmission.
Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. does not provide investment, tax, or legal advice. The information presented here is not specific to any individual's personal circumstances.
To the extent that this material concerns tax matters, it is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, by a taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed by law. Each taxpayer should seek independent advice from a tax professional based on his or her individual circumstances. These materials are provided for general information and educational purposes based upon publicly available information from sources believed to be reliable—we cannot assure the accuracy or completeness of these materials. The information in these materials may change at any time and without notice.
This communication is strictly intended for individuals residing in the state(s) of AZ, CA, DC, DE, FL, MD, MA, NM, NY, NC, OK, PA, TN, TX, VA and WI. No offers may be made or accepted from any resident outside the specific states referenced.
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Aurora man accused of shooting at parked vehicle with two people inside
By Megan Jones
| The Beacon-News |
Alexavier Fuentes (Kane County Sheriff's Office)
A 20-year-old Aurora man is accused of shooting at a man and woman who were in a parked vehicle on Friday in the city.
Alexavier Fuentes has been charged with two counts of aggravated discharge of a firearm and armed violence. He is accused of shooting several rounds at a parked vehicle occupied by a 19-year-old woman and 20-year-old man about 12:50 p.m. in the 900 block of Fulton Street, Aurora police said in a statement.
Around 6 p.m. Friday, detectives secured charges against Fuentes authorized by the Kane County State’s Attorney’s Office and notified Aurora’s Special Operations investigators who knew he sometimes frequented a hotel in the 2400 block of West Sullivan Road, police said. Several investigators spotted Fuentes standing near the hotel.
When officers approached him, Fuentes took off running and was taken into custody after a short chase, police said. In a pocket of his pants, police said they found a loaded .9 mm handgun.
Fuentes, of the 300 block of Flagg Street, was additionally charged with aggravated unlawful use of a weapon, unlawful use of a weapon and a misdemeanor for obstructing police.
Fuentes is currently being held at the Kane County Correctional Center in lieu of $2 million bail.
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Interstate 5 closed just north of Redding
PUBLISHED: December 20, 2012 at 12:00 am | UPDATED: April 21, 2018 at 10:31 am
REDDING — The snowstorm that caused traffic nightmares today in Oregon has reached into Northern California, causing a closure of Interstate 5 northbound, just north of Redding.
Caltrans said the freeway was closed at the Fawndale Road exit, which is south of Shasta Lake, due to snow.
Chain and other restrictions are in place on those still on the road north of the closure.
A 33-mile stretch of I-5 in Oregon between Canyonville and Hugo was closed for several hours today due to the sudden drop of eight inches of snow.
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Johnson family gets to share moment at Oracle…
Johnson family gets to share moment at Oracle Arena
By Daily News |
PUBLISHED: January 15, 2015 at 12:54 am | UPDATED: April 21, 2018 at 6:46 am
By Vytas Mazeika
Daily News Staff Writer
OAKLAND — Wednesday night at Oracle Arena was the 100th consecutive sellout for the Golden State Warriors.
“I’m going to say they’re here to see me,” Miami Heat rookie Tyler Johnson said. “I’m going to say I’m responsible for the 100th sellout.”
While that’s stretching the truth, certainly a lot of people in attendance wanted to catch a glimpse of the NBA debut for the graduate of St. Francis High in Mountain View.
Count among them a group sitting in Section 103:
“They get all their hops from their mom,” Jennifer Johnson said.
Prior to the game, Tyler was asked if he knew the location of their seats.
“No, but I’ll probably hear them,” the 22-year-old said. “I’ll find them soon enough.”
News spread quickly that Tyler, who had been playing in the NBA Development League, was promoted to the Association, signing a 10-day contract with the Heat on Monday.
“He was really excited, but he was also really humble about it and didn’t want to get into too much detail,” said his mother, who found out over the phone Sunday.
Fletcher, who met her fiance at Fresno State, lives with Tyler and the baby boy in Sioux Falls, S.D., home to the Skyforce.
The family had already planned to travel to the Bay Area because the 2015 NBA D-League Showcase, a five-day event that begins today and concludes Monday with the championship game, is being held in Santa Cruz.
“It just so happened to work out that he got called up and the game is in his hometown,” said Fletcher, who was to spend a month seeing family and friends. “So it’s just great to be able to be back.”
Mom, fiance, baby and the two younger brothers left from Mountain View for a roundtrip to Southern California with the hope of seeing Tyler’s NBA debut on Tuesday night.
“We just took a road trip,” his mother said. “You know, it’s funny because we went to visit him in his room and it’s just the same old Tyler. Nothing’s changed, so he’s just there to play basketball.”
But in a road victory over the Los Angeles Lakers, the 6-foot-4, 186-pound shooting guard was inactive and sitting behind the bench in a suit.
Maybe that was for the best, because his younger sister was able to join the rest of them at Oracle Arena the next night.
“I drove three hours to be here and I would do it again and again and again,” Lauren said. “He worked so hard and I just know he’s probably in shock. We’re in shock that he’s out there playing with the people he idolized and watched on TV himself. We’re just proud and happy, ecstatic — anything you can think of, really.”
“It’s a dream come true,” Logan said. “It’s something that he’s worked for all of his life. He’s always dreamed about it, he’s always talked to people and said, ‘You know, I’m going to be in the NBA.’ And just to see him now, actually in the NBA, it’s crazy. It’s a surreal feeling.”
Through the efforts of the Warriors and “Operation: Care and Comfort” — a volunteer organization that among other things helps distribute donated tickets to sporting events to members of the military in Northern California — Tyler wasn’t the only Johnson on the court Wednesday night.
His mother, who just started her 30th year in service with the Air Force — which explains why Tyler was born in North Dakota — was able to take part in the pregame ceremony as members of the Navy brought out the American flag for the national anthem.
Jennifer Johnson, in uniform — like her son — saluted the flag during the entire rendition while standing just a few feet away from Tyler.
“They made sure to make room for me to be on the floor and have two Johnsons on the floor at the same time,” his mother said.
Then it came, the moment the Johnson family will never forget as Tyler took off his warm-ups and stepped onto the court with 1:44 left in the fourth quarter.
And as if that wasn’t enough, Tyler sank each of his two free throws after being fouled with 22.6 seconds left to finish with two points.
“They’re really proud of him and they’ve been on the journey with him,” his mother said. “We just call it the journey and sometimes we’re flowing forward and sometimes we take a step back. It’s part of the Johnson Journey.”
It’s a journey that came full circle to begin a new chapter at home — and there were 19,596 in attendance, another sellout crowd.
Email Vytas Mazeika at ; follow him at .
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Turnaround: How dying churches can find new life
by Bob Smietana
c. 2014 Religion News Service
(RNS) For years, a handful of members of Hillview Baptist Church in Franklin, Tenn., prayed their pews would be filled with worshippers.
In early June, those prayers were finally answered, as more than 300 people gathered for a Sunday morning service.
But the pews were gone. So were the traditional hymns. And a new sign outside the church now bore the name “Conduit Church.”
A few weeks earlier, the congregation of Hillview had voted to merge with Conduit, a 4-year-old nondenominational church. At the time, Hillview had dwindled to less than two dozen members, and was on the verge of shutting down.
“They were tired,” said Darren Tyler, pastor of Conduit, “and they knew their strategy wasn’t working.”
Instead of closing down, Hillview became one of a small but growing number of struggling evangelical congregations who’ve found new life by teaming up with a larger church. The mergers allow small churches to reinvent themselves and bigger ones to extend their reach.
Bob Smietana
Bob Smietana writes for Religion News Service.
The arrangement met a need for both congregations.
Hillview had a building but few people.
Conduit had people but no building.
The church had been meeting in a local high school since its founding. But the school board policy put a time limit on how long a church could rent.
“The clock was ticking,” said Tyler.
As part of the merger, Hillview gave up ownership of the building—which had a $150,000 mortgage. Just before the first joint worship service, a friend of Conduit Church came forward and paid off the building.
The process was a bit like dating—Tyler and Jim Gosney, Hillview’s pastor, met for coffee first, followed by a meeting of leaders from both groups. The whole process took about two months.
Gosney remains on staff, and the church plans to build an exhibit that highlights Hillview’s heritage.
“I don’t want their history to disappear,” said Tyler of the church that was founded in the 1980s.
Mergers may offer new life for many smaller congregations, which have been hit hard by the changing demographics of American congregations.
Most U.S. churches are small—under 100 people. But the majority of church attenders now go to a big church, according to the National Congregations Study. That leaves thousands of churches with buildings but few worshippers.
In some cases, those churches have chosen to join bigger multisite congregations, like Edmond, Okla.-based LifeChurch.tv.
The church has 18 locations, known as campuses, around the country. Five of the campuses were created as a result of mergers, said Bobby Gruenewald, a pastor and innovation leader at LifeChurch.
It’s not an easy process, he said.
“If you are wondering what will change—everything will change,” he said. “We are not making a hybrid. A church that is going to become part of what we are doing is going to have to change.”
That means giving up property and independence, and often the church structure. In most cases, the church staff also changes.
Most of the congregations that merged with LifeChurch.tv were smaller and struggling. Some were in danger of closing down.
“They didn’t want the church to just disappear,” he said. “They wanted to reach more people.”
David Raymond of ChurchFuture, a consulting firm in Minneapolis, often works with mainline Protestant churches that are considering mergers. In this type of merger, two or more small churches unite rather than consolidating with a larger franchise.
“They are typically in sharp decline,” he said. “They can’t keep going.”
Most of the churches he works with are small — about 70-75 people. All their attention is focused on survival, so they have little energy to reach out to their neighbors or serve their community.
“When you have that few people—you are chewing up everybody’s resources just to keep the Sunday school running and the lights on,” he said.
Raymond starts by asking the struggling church to think strategically about its ministry. He often asks, “What can we do to reach out and serve more people in your community?”
“I always put it to the congregation this way,” he said. “This is your church. This is your choice. Do you want the church to close—or do you want to try something new?”
Craig Pederson, pastor of Grace Lutheran Church in Minneapolis, said a merger can jumpstart a church’s ministry.
His church was formed in 2007 after three small churches decided to close down and pool their resources. Those older three churches had a total of 600 members, Peterson said, but few people showed up for services.
The churches were stuck, he said, with little hope for the future.
Opening a new church gave them a chance to begin with a clean slate. As part of the restart, the churches formed a separate nonprofit called Grace Center for Community Life in northeast Minneapolis, which is housed in a converted school.
Today Grace Lutheran has about 200 active members, said Pederson. They meet in the Grace Center for worship service on Sunday, sharing the space with three other churches—a Hispanic Pentecostal congregation, a startup Lutheran church, and a Seventh-day Adventist congregation of immigrants from Ethiopia. The center also rents space to two charter schools, a food pantry, a child care center, and other neighborhood programs.
Still, he said, there was a lot of pain in the process. Watching a church that you love shut down is hard, he said, as is saying goodbye to a church building, which often is filled with powerful memories.
But a merger can get a church out of survival mode and get the congregation focused on the future. That’s a good thing, he said.
“A seed has to die to have new life,” Pederson said. “That’s hard to hear for some churches. But it’s in the Bible.”
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Mark Mistur appointed new dean of Kent State University's architecture school
By Steven Litt, The Plain Dealer
Mark Mistur 2.png
Mark Mistur will serve as the new dean of KSU's architecture school starting in July.
(Kent State Universityt)
KENT, Ohio -- Mark Mistur, associate dean of the School of Architecture at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, has been appointed dean of Kent State University's College of Architecture and Environmental Design.
Effective July 15, he'll succeed architect Douglas Steidl of Peninsula, who has served as dean of the architecture program since 2010, and has announced plans to retire this summer, the university said.
Kent State University's new College of Architecture and Environmental Design occupies a commanding site next to the esplanade linking the campus to downtown Kent.
Mistur will lead Northeast Ohio's only architecture school during its first season in a distinctive and prominently sited $47.9 million building currently under construction and scheduled to open this fall.
Steidl played a major role in the architect selection process that led to the new building.
In addition to the program at Kent, KSU operates its graduate programs in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design in Cleveland, along with its influential Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, which provides planning and design assistance to Northeast Ohio communities.
"The College of Architecture and Environmental Design at Kent State is by all indicators a vibrant learning community, dedicated to professional excellence and making positive contributions to the built environment at every scale," Mistur said in the KSU announcement.
"Opening an extraordinary new facility demonstrates a strong commitment to the college and to design excellence on the part of the university leadership and its alumni," he said.
Mistur has been associate dean at Rensselaer's School of Architecture since 2009, and previously held the same position in 1998-2005.
He served as the school's acting dean from 2008 to 2009 and has been an associate professor of architecture since 2005, and an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at RPI's School of Engineering since 2008.
Before that, he served as a clinical associate professor, senior lecturer, adjunct associate professor, adjunct assistant professor and adjunct instructor, starting in 1983.
Mistur holds a bachelor of architecture, a bachelor of building science and a master of science in building conservation from RPI. He also studied at Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich in Switzerland and has been an architect since 1988.
As a professional, Mistur has led his own firm, Mark Mistur Architect, in Troy since 1993. He also practiced at Mistur Riebe Architects in New York City from 2004 to 2010; Glynn, Spillane, Griffing Architects PC in Albany, New York, from 1992 to 1993; and at Crozier Associates PC in Albany, from 1983 to 1992.
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An Ohio 'millennial newspaper editor' takes on news hermits and New York Times: Andrea Simakis
Tyler Buchanan, the 26-year-old editor of The Athens Messenger. Buchanan was raised on a steady diet of The Plain Dealer, Sandusky Register and the now-shuttered Bellevue Gazette. He delivered the Gazette by bicycle, throwing rolled up papers on front porches after school, then heading off to his Little League games. "It was right out of 'Mayberry R.F.D.' but I swear I lived it in the late 90s!" he said. (Photo by Messenger staff photographer John Halley)
CLEVELAND, OHIO - In his Twitter profile, Tyler Buchanan describes himself as a "millennial newspaper editor" - an especially glaring anachronism in the age of "digital content specialists" and "social media managers."
The Bowling Green State University grad is the editor of sister papers The Athens Messenger and The Vinton County Courier. He's also a sometime columnist and a sports writer, too.
Buchanan and his team of five news reporters wear out shoe leather covering southeast Ohio, a place big media and Columbus politicians rarely visit. His staff consists of a 20-year-old rookie, a veteran of 42 years and everything in between. "I want all the perspectives," he said.
Buchanan is a walking collision of old and new, a 26-year-old who still loves to read the news in print but can produce a tweetstorm that would make our Twitterer in Chief envious.
He unleashed a Category 5 last weekend when he took exception to a buzzy New York Times profile of Erik Hagerman, a former corporate executive at Nike now living on a Glouster, Ohio pig farm 30 minutes outside of Athens.
In "The Man Who Knew Too Little," the 53-year-old Hagerman explains that Donald Trump becoming President so freaked him out, he's spent the last year and some change observing a news blackout.
Friends and family have been trained not to violate the ban though Hagerman will entertain discussions about the Cleveland Cavaliers with his Mom. He watches Cavs' games on mute, lest an errant fact creep into the color commentary.
"I'm emotionally healthier than I've ever felt," Hagerman told reporter Sam Dolnick, who parachuted into Glouster for the scoop.
"I'm not angry if Hagerman does not want to read 'The Messenger,' or any other news outlet," Buchanan tweeted on March 10. "However: while he enjoys a fun 'experiment' of ignoring the world around him, his fellow residents of Glouster, Athens County, Ohio & beyond are living in the real world."
And there are real-world consequences to Trump's victory.
Buchanan provided a sampling, with links to Messenger stories: There's the "critical energy program that benefits 1,200 residents in Erik Hagerman's own county" that Trump wants to end.
And "Trump's tariff on imported solar panels? That affected local businesses."
"I can do this all day," Buchanan tweeted.
"Glouster is a wonderful town, but its residents also face many struggles. The local school district has been ranked the poorest in Ohio. Students are given food to take home on weekends. Drug and opioid abuse is rampant.
"The NYTimes could have spent its trip to our area focusing on those concerns. Instead, the focus is wasted on a man with the privilege to cover his ears to shout 'LA LA LA! I CAN'T HEAR YOU!' "
Neighboring Vinton County also has its troubles. In a phone interview this week, Buchanan told me he wrote some 100 stories over four years about folks there not having a grocery store.
"You couldn't buy fresh meat or fresh fruit or fresh vegetables anywhere in the whole county," he said.
"This was a serious health concern and I was almost shouting from the rooftops trying to get other outlets to cover this," said Buchanan. Attention could bring a solution. Nobody bit, he added.
Hundreds of thousands of people have seen his polite but pointed takedown of the Times, which he's a fan of, by the way. He's even gotten "likes" from some of the paper's biggest stars, including White House correspondent Maggie Haberman, as well as Washington Post media critic Erik Wemple.
"That it somehow made it all the way to them is a kind of humbling thing," Buchanan said. USA Today asked him to turn his Tweetique into a column.
He's even heard from the news hermit himself; Hagerman got wind of his tweets and called to say he found them interesting.
Buchanan has no personal beef with Hagerman. He's more bothered by the way larger media outlets cover rural areas and by the lack of context in the piece. If you didn't know Glouster, you might well think it was a singularly prosperous place filled with gentleman farmers.
Buchanan, a native of Bellevue, 70 miles west of Cleveland, became a news junkie reading The Plain Dealer at his grandma's house in Garfield Heights. (Buchanan's sure how many stories she scanned but she lived for the comics - Funky Winkerbean and Crankshaft.) He ate up the Sports section, studying the columns of Terry Pluto and Bud Shaw. "They're my heroes, man."
It's funny, really - while Hagerman tunes out the world in southeast Ohio, the world tunes out the place Hagerman calls home. At least that's how it often feels, said Buchanan.
A government-funded project finally produced a grocery store in Vinton County. A grand opening last November won media coverage he couldn't scare up before. "Better late than never," he said.
Meet Tyler Buchanan, the man who knows too much about the unmet needs of his community. Meet a newspaper man.
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David Bowie's wildly inventive musical 'Lazarus' was a powerful, moving experience just days after his death
Laz2.JPG
Sophia Anne Caruso, left, and Michael C. Hall perform in a scene from the New York Theater Workshop production of "Lazarus," written by David Bowie and Enda Walsh.
(Jan Versweyveld)
NEW YORK - David Bowie was always a dichotomous being - masculine and feminine, straight and gay, purveyor of pop art and the avant-garde, peacock showman and intensely private citizen, visible and invisible all at once.
Even his eyes were famously two different hues.
His work has a similar oxymoronic quality. The remote, metallic bleeps and bloops of the early single "Space Oddity" are warmed by the humanness of a strummed guitar, the out-there experimentalism leavened by a folksy, recognizable sound.
In the film "The Hunger," he played a gorgeous vampire, a creature both living and dead. On Broadway, he was John Merrick, known in sideshows as the Elephant Man, a startlingly beautiful soul trapped inside monstrously disfigured flesh.
Even his most famous celluloid character - Thomas Newton, the hero of the 1976 movie "The Man Who Fell To Earth," inspired by the Walter Tevis novel of the same name - was a "humanoid alien," the strange and the familiar in one body.
So it should come as no surprise that "Lazarus," a musical sequel to the Tevis tale written by Bowie and Irish playwright Enda Walsh, has both an arm's length remoteness and an operatic emotionality, like watching a murder through a telescope.
I saw one of the last three performances on Jan. 18, exactly one week after news broke that Bowie had died two days after his 69th birthday, and some 18 months after being diagnosed with what confidants report was liver cancer.
"Lazarus" is the fastest-selling show in New York Theatre Workshop history - the run sold out in three hours when tickets were made available Oct. 7 - besting Walsh's "Once" and "Peter and the Starcatcher," productions that earned multiple Tonys after starting life at the 199-seat off-Broadway house.
British producer Robert Fox has said a London production is a likely next step. "Even before David's death," he told The New York Times, "there was massive interest from all over the world . . ."
A makeshift shrine grew outside the New York Theatre Workshop in the days following David Bowie's death. "Lazarus," the musical he wrote with "Once" playwright Enda Walsh, opened at the off-Broadway theater in December.
One of those close to the star was Ivo van Hove, the Belgian director who helmed the world-premiere production as well as the current, primal thrill of the revival of "A View From the Bridge" on Broadway.
"Bowie was still writing on his deathbed, you could say," van Hove told the Netherlands' NPO Radio 4. "I saw a man fighting. He fought like a lion and kept working like a lion through it all. I had incredible respect for that."
In another interview, the director told the London Express that Bowie "knew the clock was ticking."
With that, "Lazarus" went from a curiosity, one of a collection of high-profile musicals penned by pop and rock stars - Duncan Sheik's "Spring Awakening," Green Day's "American Idiot," Cyndi Lauper's "Kinky Boots," Sting's "The Last Ship" - to a reliquary.
Though the air was so frigid my gloved fingers ached after just minutes of exposure, I stood outside the East Village theater waiting for the curtain. The oddly silent lobby - usually a place of jostling elbows and barking laughter - was too funereal to bear.
A video screen inside the entrance alternated a photo of an aged Bowie, staring out at a spot somewhere above our heads, and the now-infamous lines from the song "Lazarus":
"This way or no way / You know I'll be free / Just like that blue bird / Ain't that just like me."
The song is a track on his final album "Blackstar" and the first number of "Lazarus" the musical, part of a score created using a catalog of Bowie tunes, new and old.
On the sidewalk, I stared at the makeshift shrine climbing the wall beneath the poster advertising the show - a loving trash dump of bodega flowers, hand-scrawled notes and, improbably, a bronze bust of the singer's head.
It was a smaller version of the memorial outside Bowie's apartment on Lafayette Street, an unassuming building not far from the theater. My favorite gifts among the pile were glitter-covered stilettos turned candleholders, an homage to Bowie's glam period and all the pretty young dudes he inspired with his winking, lipsticked, mascaraed personas.
"Glenn Frey just died!" a fellow ticketholder loitering in the elements announced, as he scrolled through his phone. Suddenly, I was glad to be dressed, knit hat to lace-up boot, in black.
Before the beginnings of frostbite chased me indoors, I overheard one of the actors, out to steal a smoke, chatting to a friend about how Bowie's death had changed his relationship to the show.
Like the impossible burden children feel when asked to memorialize a parent in an obituary - how to communicate the entirety of a life in a few words? - in these last performances, every note mattered. Every movement and emotional choice were scrutinized in a different way.
He and the rest of the cast - headed up by Michael C. Hall, fresh from a glam turn of his own as the transgender East German chanteuse Hedwig - felt responsible for honoring the singer's legacy.
As Hall told the Guardian, "since he has passed, there's probably been a more potent sense of his presence."
The whole thing was heavy, the smoking actor said, but thrilling at the same time. (There's that Bowie polarity again.)
"I wouldn't trade it, dude," he said, grinning as he mashed the butt on the pavement and headed backstage.
As a member of the postmortem audience, I get it.
The critic in me wishes I'd seen "Lazarus" soon after it opened Dec. 7 - the last public appearance Bowie made. Nothing clouds an objective eye like tears.
But the fan in me - the college freshman who discovered "The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars" in her NYU dorm room, then spent the summer in Columbus playing the cassette on a bedroom boom box 'til the tape wore out - was ineffably moved by the idea.
As I took my seat, I mentally steeled myself as though approaching an open casket - preparing myself to see the body that is no longer the animated beloved, diminished in a rectangle of satin under too-heavy makeup.
Instead, what I saw onstage was breathlessly alive, as weird and impenetrable and mesmerizing and sorrowful and beautiful as the man and his music.
Michael C. Hall (Thomas Newton) in "Lazarus."
After two intermissionless hours, I didn't want to leave; I wanted to see it again, that very night, to decipher more clues and drink in just what Hall was talking about - that potent sense of Bowie's presence.
Hall, a distinctly Bowie-esque waver to his marvelous voice, is Thomas Newton years after his fall to Earth, fabulously rich and trapped in a Manhattan apartment.
Outfitted with a slab of a bed, a giant, static-filled screen and a refrigerator stocked with gin, the set designed by Jan Versweyveld has a sterile, petri dish quality. Even the band is quarantined behind glass.
"Mr. Newton, it's 9:30 in the morning," a visitor admonishes, as he slurps from a tumbler.
"So late," Newton answers lazily.
Stranded on Earth during a mission to find water for his dying planet, he wants nothing more than to go home. Newton is haunted by the memory of the wife and daughter he left behind, as well as Mary Lou (Caroline Hewitt), his earthling lover who took a powder when he wouldn't let go of his otherworldly past.
She appears on the screen as a digital ghost, her hair dyed Smurfette blue, wearing a navy camisole and a faint smile.
He wishes he could die but can't. Cursed with lonely immortality, he mainlines booze and TV. Cacophonous images - kittens and Andrew Dice Clay (!!!) and John and Yoko's bed-in - flash by. In a visual jolt courtesy of video designer Tal Yarden, a pixelated Geisha steps out of the screen, becomes flesh and dances with Newton.
His drinking regimen is disrupted by a series of visitors. Some are human, his depressed assistant Elly ("Once" headliner Cristin Milioti) for one, who is forming an unhealthy attachment to her employer, much to the dismay of her long-suffering husband, Zach (Bobby Moreno).
There's also a serial killer named Valentine (a hypnotic Michael Esper, playing a psychopath with a soft, whispery voice and a "Dumb and Dumber" bowl cut).
Others are either genuine spirits or hallucinations generated by Newton's diseased mind, including a threesome known as Teenage Girl 1, 2 and 3 - they observe him like a specimen trapped in a slide and dress in snappy menswear fashions - and a blond child known as Girl (Sophia Anne Caruso, a small actress with a voice as big as Mars).
It's Girl who begins to matter to Newton when nothing else does. She endeavors to help him build a rocket - made of masking tape in a childlike outline on the floor - so he can make his escape.
Bowie songs thread in and out of the aggressively non-linear action. In "Where Are We Now?," a wistful number where Bowie reminisces about his time in Germany, a seminal creative period for the artist, the walls, floor and ceiling of the set become the streets of Berlin.
Hall delivers the solo as pedestrians, cars and buildings swirl around him. It's a lovely and haunting sequence, but what that song and others mean in terms of storytelling isn't always clear.
It hardly matters. Like the best music videos, it's the cavalcade of imagery that evokes intense emotion.
Still, the most thrilling sounds and scenes in "Lazarus" are fueled by old standards reimagined - Milioti brings her husky pipes and a mad urgency to "Changes," and Hall and Caruso break hearts with "Heroes."
Caruso, as the golden-haired apparition of Girl, is about the age of Bowie's daughter, the child the singer knew he'd be leaving behind, as the fictional Newton did.
In the last beats of the show, Hall grabs Caruso's hands and sings:
I, I will be king /
And you, you will be queen . . .
Though nothing will keep us together /
We could steal time, just for one day /
We can be heroes, forever and ever /
What'd you say?
I'd like to think I would have been as moved by "Lazarus" - understood its symbols and rhythms as well - had I seen it before Bowie rocketed out of this life. Of course that's impossible to know.
But now, three weeks after his death, images of "Lazarus" still playing through my mind on tight rotation, I've decided it's all about the pain of losing and leaving those we love.
So let's hang onto each other as long we can. Even if it's just for one more day.
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Civil unrest in Missouri after teen's shooting
Clashes with Police continue in Missouri
Riot police clear a street with smoke bombs while clashing with demonstrators in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014. Police in Ferguson fired several rounds of tear gas to disperse protesters late on Wednesday, on the fourth night of demonstrations over the fatal shooting last weekend of an unarmed black teenager Michael Brown, 18, by a police officer on Saturday after what police said was a struggle with a gun in a police car. A witness in the case told local media that Brown had raised his arms to police to show that he was unarmed before being killed.
Credit: Mario Anzuoni/Reuters
Riot police clear a street of demonstrators in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014.
Riot police take cover as they clear a street of demonstrators in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014. Police in Ferguson, a suburb of St. Louis, fired several rounds of tear gas to disperse protesters late on Wednesday, on the fourth night of demonstrations over the fatal shooting last weekend of an unarmed black teenager Michael Brown, 18, by a police officer on Saturday after what police said was a struggle with a gun in a police car.
A riot police officer aims his weapon while demonstrators protest the shooting death of teenager Michael Brown, in Ferguson, Mo., Aug.13, 2014.
Police stand watch as demonstrators protest the shooting death of teenager Michael Brown on Aug. 13, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri.
Credit: Scott Olson/Getty Images
Riot police stop a vehicle as they clear a street of demonstrators in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014.
A television position is pictured empty while riot police clears a street of demonstrators, in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014.
Police Chief Thomas Jackson speaks during a news conference at the police headquarters in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014. The police officer involved in the fatal shooting of an unarmed black teenager last weekend in Ferguson, Mo., was injured in the encounter and treated for a facial injury, the city's chief of police Jackson said on Wednesday. He did not name the officer, despite saying that he would, earlier.
A combination photograph shows in sequence a protester throwing back a smoke bomb while clashing with police in Ferguson, Mo., August 13, 2014.
A young woman walks from a corner after police standing near the corner fired tear gas at her on Aug. 13, 2014.
Police stand watch as demonstrators protest the shooting death of teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014.
A Ferguson, Mo. resident wears a button featuring a picture of Michael Brown during a press conference with Police Chief Thomas Jackson who was fielding questions related to the shooting death of Brown on Aug. 13, 2014.
Demonstrator Keisha Gray cries while protesting the shooting death of teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014.
Police officers detain a person in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 13, 2014.
Civil rights leader Rev. Al Sharpton, left, stands with Michael Brown Sr., the father of slain teenager Michael Brown during a press conference held on the steps of the old courthouse in St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014. The younger Brown was shot and killed by a police officer on Saturday in suburban Ferguson, Missouri. Sharpton and Browns family were calling for order following riots and skirmishes with police over the past two nights in Ferguson by demonstrators angry over the shooting.
Demonstrators protest the killing of teenager Michael Brown outside Greater St. Marks Family Church while Brown’s family along with civil rights leader Rev. Al Sharpton and a capacity crowd of guests met inside to discuss the killing in St Louis, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014. Brown was shot and killed by a police officer on Saturday in the nearby suburb of Ferguson. Ferguson has experienced two days of violent protests since the killing but, tonight the town remained mostly peaceful.
Demonstrators protest the killing of teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014.
Demonstrators protest the killing of teenager Michael Brown outside Greater St. Marks Family Church while Brown’s family along with civil rights leader Rev. Al Sharpton and a capacity crowd of guests met inside to discuss the killing in St Louis, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014
Demonstrators protest the killing of teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Aug. 12, 2014. Brown was shot and killed by a police officer on Saturday in the St. Louis suburb of Ferguson.
Demonstrator Anthony Shahid shouts at police officers while protesting against the death of black teenager Michael Brown, outside St Louis County Circuit Clerk building in Clayton, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014. The FBI has opened a civil rights investigation into the racially charged case and St. Louis County also is investigating
Credit: Mario Anzuoni /Reuters
Lesley McSpadden, left, the mother of slain teenager Michael Brown joins a capacity crowd of guests at Greater St. Marks Family Church to discuss the killing of her son and the civil unrest resulting from his death in St Louis, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014.
Police take up position to control demonstrators who were protesting the killing of teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 12, 2014.
Police officers patrol a street in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
Sunny Ford, a resident of Ferguson, Mo., attempts to calm an emotional protestor during a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer, outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014. Civil unrest broke out as a result of the shooting of the unarmed black 18-year-old as crowds looted and burned stores, vandalized vehicles and taunted police officers. Dozens were arrested for various infractions including assault, burglary and theft.
Credit: Michael B. Thomas/Getty Images
Guests listen to speakers during at a town hall meeting hosted by the St. Louis County NAACP at Murchison Tabernacle Church to discuss the killing of 18-year-old Mike Brown and the community unrest that followed his death in St. Louis, Aug. 11, 2014. Brown, who was reported to be unarmed, was shot and killed by a police officer on Saturday in suburban Ferguson, Missouri. 32 arrests were made after protests over the shooting turned into rioting and looting in Ferguson on Sunday and protests turned violent again on Monday.
Members of the Nation of Islam speak to protestors during a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer, outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters, Aug. 11, 2014.
Attorney Benjamin L. Crump speaks to the media during a press conference regarding the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown at Jennings Mason Temple Church of God In Christ, in Jennings, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
Missouri State Highway Patrol tactical vehicle travels down South Florissant Road following a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer, outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters, Aug.11, 2014.
Tirezz Walker, a resident of Ferguson speaks to Missouri Highway Patrol offers in riot gear during a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer, outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters, Aug. 11, 2014.
Two people argue during a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters, Aug. 11, 2014.
A man is arrested during a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer, outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters, Aug. 11, 2014.
A man is arrested during a protest of the shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown outside Ferguson Police Department Headquarters, Aug. 11, 2014.
Police advance on protestors as they are forced from the business district into nearby neighborhoods, Aug. 11, 2014.
Demonstrators protest the killing of 18-year-old Michael Brown, who was shot by police on Saturday, Aug. 11, 2014.
People view a memorial in the street where 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot, Aug. 11, 2014.
People flee as police advance on protestors firing tear gas and rubber bullets to force them from the business district into nearby neighborhoods in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
Police force protestors from the business district into nearby neighborhoods, Aug. 11, 2014.
Protesters are forced by police from the business district into nearby neighborhoods, Aug. 11, 2014.
Tear gas floats in the air as residents gather at a police line as the neighborhood is locked down following skirmishes in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
A child uses a rag to shield his face from tear gas being fired by police who used it to force protestors from the business district into nearby neighborhoods, Aug. 11, 2014.
Police refuse to let people leave a neighborhood in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
Police guard a Quick Trip gas station that was burned on Sunday when protests over the killing of 18-year-old Michael Brown turned to riots and looting in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
Tear gas hangs in the air as police force protestors from the business district into nearby neighborhoods, Aug. 11, 2014.
With their hands raised, residents gather at a police line as the neighborhood is locked down following skirmishes in Ferguson, Mo., Aug. 11, 2014.
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Prince Harry on second Afghanistan tour
Britain's Ministry of Defense says Prince Harry is returning from a 20-week deployment in Afghanistan on Jan. 21, 2013, where he served as an Apache helicopter pilot with the Army Air Corps. The 28-year-old prince was stationed at Camp Bastion, a sprawling British base in the southern Afghan desert. Known as Capt. Wales in the military, Harry flew scores of missions as a co-pilot gunner, sometimes firing rockets and missiles at Taliban fighters. Harry's second tour in Afghanistan went more smoothly than the first, in 2007-2008, which was cut short after 10 weeks when a magazine and websites disclosed details of his whereabouts.
Prince Harry in Helmand, Afghanistan, during his second tour with the army. The British royal said his unit took "a life to save a life." He returned home on Jan. 21, 2013.
Prince Harry in Helmand, Afghanistan, during his second tour with the army. The British royal returned home on Jan. 21, 2013.
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NEWS: Mark Robins to feature on Premier League World programme
Mark Hornby
Coventry City Manager Mark Robins will feature on the Premier League World TV programme this week.
In a behind-the-scenes feature at Ryton, the Sky Blues boss will speak about his career in football as a player with the likes of Manchester United, Norwich City and Leicester City in the Premier League, as well as his role as Coventry City Manager.
Broadcast times of the programme are below:
SKY SPORTS PL
16th January: 20:30, 23:00.
19th January: 09:00
17th January: 08:00, 21:30
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Fife Farmer's Self-publishing success
A Fife farmer has landed a six-figure publishing deal following on from the success of his self-published crime novels.
James Oswald farms as 350-acre sheep and cow farm. He has written six books featuring an Edinburgh detective called Tony McLean. He published his debut novel online after it was rejected by agents and publishers. It went to Number 1 and stayed there for weeks.
His first three books sold more than 350,000 downloads, which brought him to the attention of publishers.
He works on his farm during the day and writes at night.
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Expressive, collaborative branding for the world’s first disabled-led national youth orchestra
Bristol's Fiasco Design has worked with the National Open Youth Orchestra, on an expressive visual identity that puts its young people at the heart of the branding.
The National Open Youth Orchestra (NOYO) is a world first – an ambitious national youth orchestra launched in September 2018 to give some of the UK’s most talented young disabled musicians a platform. It promotes musical excellence, empowering disabled and non-disabled musicians aged 11-25 to train and perform together as members of a pioneering ensemble.
Fiasco Design collaborated with the team at NOYO to create a system that allows its members to compose bespoke icons, that in turn feed into on and offline applications, putting the young people at the heart of the organisation's branding.
These bespoke icons are then combined with an accessible, easy-to-read font – designed for people with learning disabilities, and a vibrant colour palette to create an expressive, playful visual identity that reflects the organisation's creative side.
Ben Steers, Creative Director of Fiasco Design said: "Right from the off we had the idea of involving the orchestra’s members in the creation of the branding. Our plan was to create a web app that allowed them to do this digitally, however, due to budget restraints, this idea was parked and instead, we went for an analogue, hands-on approach.
"The outcome is a highly collaborative and creative process that means their members are able to directly influence the branding and keep it evolving over time."
All featured images are concepts for posters, business cards, merchandise. To find out more, visit www.fiasco.design.
Zoë van Dijk's gorgeously moody illustrations that play with light and shadow
Tim Walker: Wonderful Things at the V&A celebrates the photographer's extraordinary career
Anthony Burrill + Alan Kitching = colourful letterpress joy
Hello Europe: Prints by Stanley Chow and Dave Sedgwick that celebrate the remaining 27 EU countries
Lewis Moberly designs a bottle “kissed by the tide” for Tidal Rum
Seven British photographers shortlisted for their powerful series in the 2019 Sony World Photography Awards
Glasgow studio Jamhot launches a campaign to encourage young people to vote in the European Elections
On the Road to Variable: TwoPoints.Net explores The Flexible Future of Typography
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Home/News / Cargill direct purchasing license boosts cocoa sustainability
Cargill direct purchasing license boosts cocoa sustainability
New purchasing model means better implementation of the Cargill Cocoa Promise to expand sustainability activities in Ghana
AMSTERDAM, The Netherlands, 3 November, 2016 – Cargill’s cocoa & chocolate business has established its own licensed buying company (LBC) following the successful application for a license from the Ghanaian Cocoa Board (Cocobod).
The new LBC is now fully operational and Cargill has purchased its first consignment of beans directly from cocoa farmers in Ghana, with around 30,000 farmers already registered with the LBC. By directly sourcing the beans, the company is now able to diversify the way it sources sustainable beans and rolls out the Cargill Cocoa Promise more effectively to better serve its customers.
“Direct sourcing of certified beans from farmers via our own LBC in Ghana is an exciting new business model for us”, said Lionel Soulard, Managing Director West-Africa, Cargill Cocoa & Chocolate: “Cocoa sustainability is at the heart of our global growth strategy for cocoa and chocolate. Developing a direct sourcing capability in the world’s second largest cocoa producing country means we will be better placed to meet growing demand for sustainable, certified cocoa.
“We are confident this business model will add value at every level particularly for farmers who, as a result of working directly with us, will make a better living out of cocoa farming, and we are really proud of this development.”
Cargill has been operating a cocoa processing plant in Ghana since 2008. The move to direct sourcing of cocoa via its 60 strong team in the country reflects the company’s commitment to growing the business in Ghana. It will also enable a more direct approach to supporting more productive, profitable and sustainable farms.
The new purchasing model will be fully sustainable and fully certified. By operating its own LBC, Cargill will implement high standards of safety, integrity and quality throughout the supply chain in Ghana.
“We already source directly from cocoa farmers or farmer organisations in the other cocoa producing countries in which we operate. By moving to this model in Ghana we will be much better positioned to fully implement the Cargill Cocoa Promise.
“This means expanding our sustainability activities to enable farmers to benefit from premium payments for certified sustainable cocoa beans. Farming communities will also be able to benefit from training, community and farm development support which will also help with improving their livelihoods. For example around community support, we will be building four new schools to serve the children of cocoa farmers in the four districts where we will operate.
“It is our objective to work hand in hand with the Ghanaian authorities to improve the livelihoods of cocoa communities for generations to come”, concludes Lionel Soulard.
Floyd Jebson, +44 (0)1869 353 813, [email protected]
Wendy Garbutt, +44 (0)7748 933 576, [email protected]
Cargill’s 160,000 employees across 70 countries work relentlessly to achieve our purpose of nourishing the world in a safe, responsible and sustainable way. Every day, we connect farmers with markets, customers with ingredients, and people and animals with the food they need to thrive. We combine 154 years of experience with new technologies and insights to serve as a trusted partner for food, agriculture, financial and industrial customers in more than 125 countries. Side-by-side, we are building a stronger, sustainable future for agriculture.
About Cargill Cocoa Promise
We launched the Cargill Cocoa Promise in 2012 to align our efforts in origin countries. It is our commitment to improving the livelihoods of farmers and communities in a holistic way that will secure a thriving sector for generations to come. The origin countries include Brazil, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Indonesia.
About Cargill’s global cocoa and chocolate business
Cargill’s cocoa and chocolate business offers the food industry a wide range of both standard and customized cocoa and chocolate ingredients for use in delicious bakery, confectionery and dairy applications all over the world. The company’s product range includes high quality Gerkens® cocoa powders, chocolate, coatings, fillings, cocoa liquors and cocoa butters. With years of experience in technical food expertise Cargill supports its customers in new recipes and new product development.
Cargill’s processing plants in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Côte d’Ivoire, France, Germany, Ghana, Indonesia, the Netherlands, UK and the USA are in full compliance with the highest food safety standards.
To secure a good quality and sustainable supply of cocoa beans, Cargill has its own cocoa bean sourcing operations for buying, handling and exporting of cocoa beans in Brazil, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Indonesia. Presence in all the leading producing countries allows Cargill to oversee the supply chain from beans at origin to cocoa and chocolate products on its customers’ doorsteps. In addition, extensive market research and analysis proves to be a source of valuable information to customers.
More information is available at www.cargillcocoachocolate.com/
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TODAY'S SAINT : JAN. 30 : ST. HYACINTHA OF MARISCOTTI
St. Hyacintha of Mariscotti
Feast: January 30
Feast Day: January 30
1585, Vignanello, Italy
Died: 30 January 1640, Viterbo
Canonized: 1807 by Pope Pius VII
A religious of the Third Order of St. Francis and foundress of the Sacconi; born 1585 of a noble family at Vignanello, near Viterbo in Italy; died 30 January, 1640, at Viterbo; feast, 30 January; in Rome, 6 February (Diarium Romanum). Her parents were Marc' Antonio Mariscotti (Marius Scotus) and Ottavia Orsini. At Baptism she received the name Clarice and in early youth was remarkable for piety, but, as she grew older, she became frivolous, and showed a worldly disposition, which not even the almost miraculous saving of her life at the age of seventeen could change; neither was her frivolity checked by her education at the Convent of St. Bernardine at Viterbo, where an older sister had taken the veil. At the age of twenty she set her heart upon marriage with the Marquess Cassizucchi, but was passed by in favour of a younger sister. She was sadly disappointed, became morose, and at last joined the community at St. Bernardine, receiving the name Hyacintha. But, as she told her father, she did this only to hide her chagrin and not to give up the luxuries of the world; and she asked him to furnish her apartments with every comfort. She kept her own kitchen, wore a habit of the finest material, received and paid visits at pleasure.
For ten years she continued this kind of life, so contrary to the spirit of her vows and such a source of scandal to the community. By the special protection of God, she retained a lively faith, was regular in her devotions, remained pure, always showed a great respect for the mysteries of religion, and had a tender devotion to the Blessed Virgin. At length she was touched by God's grace, and the earnest exhortations of her confessor at the time of serious illness made her see the folly of the past and brought about a complete change in her life. She made a public confession of her faults in the refectory, discarded her costly garments, wore an old habit, went barefoot, frequently fasted on bread and water, chastised her body by vigils and severe scourging, and practised mortifications to such an extent that the decree of canonization considers the preservation of her life a continued miracle. She increased her devotion to the Mother of God, to the Holy Infant Jesus, to the Blessed Eucharist, and to the sufferings of Christ. She worked numerous miracles, had the gifts of prophecy and of discerning the secret thoughts of others. She was also favoured by heavenly ecstacies and raptures. During an epidemic that raged in Viterbo she showed heroic charity in nursing the sick. She established two confraternities, whose members were called Oblates of Mary or Sacconi. One of these, similar to our Society of St. Vincent de Paul, gathered alms for the convalescent, for the poor who were ashamed to beg, and for the care of prisoners; the other procured homes for the aged. Though now leading a life so pure and holy, Hyacintha always conceived the greatest contempt for herself. At her death great sorrow was felt at Viterbo and crowds flocked to her funeral. She was beatified by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726, and canonized 14 May, 1807, by Pius VII.
SOURCE: http://www.ewtn.com/saintsHoly/saints/H/sthyacinthaofmariscotti.asp#ixzz1kwW9Org7
VATICAN : CHILDREN BRING PEACE AND HUMILTY IN LEADERSHIP
RADIO VATICANA REPORT: Early Sunday morning, Rome was woken to the sound of song as thousands of young boys and girls from the Catholic Action group wound their Caravan of Peace through the city’s streets on route to St. Peter’s Square. In two thousand cities across the world other young people, like them, were also marking the International Day of intercession for peace in the Holy Land.
“We want to bring the joy of our faith onto the streets”, Noemi, a young girl told Pope Benedict, joining him at the window of his study for the annual release of two white doves following the midday Angelus prayer. In prepared remarks, she spoke of Catholic Action’s commitment to reflect, even in silence, on the value of peace, recalling those children who are born into difficult situations and of how their group is sponsoring a detention centre, as an alternative to prison, for underage girls in Bolivia.
"We ask you to pray with us for our parents, teachers and priests so that we may be formed to be witnesses and peacemakers”, she concluded. Then two young people, together with Pope Benedict, released the two doves, a gesture the Holy Father described as a " sign of peace for the city of Rome and the whole world" and on seeing that the doves at first seemed to want to go back inside, he jokingly added: "They want to stay in the Pope’s house."
The International Day of intercession for peace in the Holy Land was born from the desire of some Catholic youth associations, in communion with the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and involves churches of the 5 continents. Father Pierbattista Pizzaballa is the Custodian of the Holy Land. He says “the first that we as Christians could and should do is refer all of our aims for peace to God. Peace means relations, good relations among us and our relations should start first and foremost from our relations with God”. “The youth have the responsibility to build a mentality and culture of peace in the next generation. This is a very important moment”.
Earlier in his reflections before the Angelus Pope Benedict spoke of the Sunday Gospel where we hear how the unclean spirit recognizes Jesus as the “Holy One of God”. He said: “For man, authority often means possession, power, control, success. For God, however, authority means service, humility, love”.
Pope Benedict also marked World Leprosy Day encouraging “all those affected by this disease, as well as their caregivers who, in many ways, are committed to eradicating poverty and marginalization, the real causes of the persistence of the infection”.
And finally he recalled that on Thursday, February 2, we celebrate the feast of the Presentation of Our Lord in the Temple, the World Day for Consecrated Life. To mark the occasion, Pope Benedict will preside at Vespers in St. Peter’s Basilica at 17.30, together with members of the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.
http://www.radiovaticana.org/en1/Articolo.asp?c=558612
Pope: True authority is humble service in loveRADIO VATICANA REPORT:
In his Angelus reflections this week Pope Benedict XVI spoke of Sunday’s Gospel where we hear how the unclean spirit recognizes Jesus as the “Holy One of God”. He also marked World Leprosy Day, joined his prayers to the International Day of intercession for peace in the Holy Land and together with the young people of Catholic Action Italy, released two white doves as a sign of peace above the city of Rome.
Below a Vatican Radio translation of the Holy Father’s Sunday Angelus reflections:
Dear brothers and sisters!
This Sunday's Gospel (Mk 1.21 to 28) presents us with Jesus, on the Sabbath day, as he preached at the synagogue at Capernaum, the small town where Peter and his brother Andrew lived on the lake of Galilee. In his teaching, which arouses the wonder of the people, following the liberation of "a man with an unclean spirit" (v. 23), who recognizes in Jesus as the "saint of God," that is, the Messiah. In a short time, his fame spread throughout the region, which he travels announcing the Kingdom of God and healing the sick of all kinds: word and deed. St. John Chrysostom observes how the Lord "alternates the speech for the benefit of those who listen, moving on from wonders to words and again passing from the teaching of his doctrine to miracles" (Hom. on Matthew 25, 1: PG 57, 328).
The word that Jesus speaks to men immediately opens access to the will of the Father and the truth about themselves. It was not so, however, for the scribes, who struggled to interpret the Holy Scriptures with countless reflections. Furthermore, to the efficacy of the word, Jesus united the signs of deliverance from evil. St. Athanasius observes that "commanding and driving out demons is not human but divine work ', in fact, the Lord "distanced men from all diseases and infirmities. Who, seeing his power ... still doubted that he was the Son, the Wisdom and Power of God? " (Oratio de Incarnatione Verbi 18:19: PG 25, 128 BC.129 B). Divine authority is not a force of nature. It is the power of the love of God who created the Universe and, in becoming incarnate in His only begotten Son, in coming down to our humanity, heals the world corrupted by sin. Romano Guardini writes: "The whole life of Jesus is a translation of power in humility ... Here is the sovereignty that lowers itself to the form of a servant" (Power, Brescia 1999, 141,142).
For man, authority often means possession, power, control success. For God, however, authority means service, humility, love; it means entering into the logic of Jesus who stoops to wash the disciples' feet (cf. Jn 13.5), who seeks the true good of man, who heals wounds, who is capable of a love so great as to give up his life, because he is Love. In one of her Letters, Saint Catherine of Siena writes: "We must see and know, in truth, with the light of faith, that God is the supreme and eternal Love, and desires nothing else but our good "(Ep. 13 in: The Letters, vol. 3, Bologna 1999, 206).
Dear friends, on Thursday, February 2, we celebrate the feast of the Presentation of Our Lord in the Temple, the World Day for Consecrated Life. With confidence we invoke Mary Most Holy that she may guide our hearts to always draw from divine mercy, which frees and heals our humanity, filling it with every grace and benevolence, through the power of love.
I offer a warm welcome to the English-speaking pilgrims and visitors present at this Angelus prayer. In this Sunday’s Gospel we hear how the unclean spirit recognizes Jesus as the “Holy One of God”. Let us pray that, despite the distractions of life and the apparent progress of evil, we may continue to put our faith in the Lord Jesus who is “the way, the truth and the life”. I wish all of you a good Sunday. May God bless you!
POST-ANGELUS
Today, in Vienna, the beatification takes place of Hildegard Burjan, a lay woman and mother, who lived in the nineteenth and twentieth century and is founder of the Society of the Sisters of Caritas Socialis. We praise the Lord for this beautiful testimony of the Gospel!
This Sunday marks the World Day of Leprosy. In greeting the Italian Association of Friends of Raoul Follereau, I would like to extend my encouragement to all those affected by this disease, as well as their caregivers who, in many ways, are committed to eradicating poverty and marginalization, the real causes of the persistence of the infection.
I remember also the International Day of intercession for peace in the Holy Land. In profound communion with the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem and the Custos of the Holy Land, we invoke the gift of peace for this land blessed by God
I greet with affection the Italian-speaking pilgrims, especially the faithful who came from Taranto, Bari and Civitavecchia, and the numerous children of Catholic Action of Rome, accompanied by the Cardinal Vicar Agostino Vallini, with their teachers and family. Dear children, this year you gave birth to the "Caravan of Peace". Thank you and I encourage you to take everywhere the peace of Jesus.
And now we release the doves, which the young people have brought as a sign of peace for the city of Rome and the whole world.
A blessed Sunday to all!
AMERICA : PARISH TWINNING TO HELP POOR COUNTRIES
International Parish Twinning
ARCHDIOCESE OF WASHINGTON RELEASE: International parish twinning provides an opportunity for a parish to develop a relationship with a “sister parish” in a foreign country. The relationship is two-way as both parishes grow through the sharing of experiences and faith. The relationship is two-way as both parishes grow through the sharing of experiences and faith. Our archdiocesan experience reflects what the U.S. bishops wrote about twinning: “These bridges of faith offer as much to U.S. parishes as to their partners. We are evangelized and changed as we help other communities of faith” (USCCB, Called to Global Solidarity: International Challenges for U.S. Parishes, 1997).
About 30 parishes (21%) in the archdiocese are now engaged in international twinning involving parishes, schools, health clinics, and water and sanitation projects. Some of the twinning involves relatively frequent visits to the twinned parish or project (one or more visits per year), while in other cases the contact is less frequent. Parishes decide what they can do depending on their own circumstances.
See the list of parishes in the archdiocese with an international twin.
For more information about parish twinning, please contact Anthony Bosnick, archdiocesan Director of Charity and Justice, at (301) 853-5340.
Twinning Opportunities in Haiti
Several archdiocesan parishes have long-standing twinning relationships with parishes in Haiti. Haiti is the poorest country in the western hemisphere, with an average annual household income of about $350 US. Haiti is overwhelmingly Catholic (80%), and the Catholic Church in Haiti is a powerful influence. Many Haitians have come to the Washington area to live and form a vibrant community here. These various factors have made Haiti a natural international twinning opportunity for archdiocesan parishes.
In 2006, in order to further support twinning in Haiti, the archdiocese began a twinning relationship with the Diocese of Jérémie. Seven archdiocesan parishes now twin with parishes in that diocese, while another eleven twin in other areas of Haiti. We continue to encourage twinning with the Diocese of Jérémie and elsewhere in Haiti, as well as with other areas outside the U.S. that parishes have chosen based on their own connections and desires.
The archdiocesan Haiti Twinning Committee meets monthly to support parishes with twins in Haiti. They can help you with information and support as you consider establishing a twinning relationship with Haiti. Please contact either of the co-chairs of the Haiti Twinning Commmittee—Pat Labuda or Cynthia Bowie.
Twinning Opportunities Elsewhere
A number of archdiocesan parishes are involved in twinning relationships in Latin American and Africa, such as Costa Rica, Guatemala, Belize, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Ghana and Togo. These often stem from relationships that a pastor or parishioners has with people or communities in these places. If such relationships already exist, they can be the basis for the establishment of a twinning relationship. Keep in mind that these twinning relationships should be embraced by the parish and not be the special project of only one or several people. For a twinning relationship to be enduring and most effective, it needs to go beyond just a few people in the parish.
Opportunities in Russia
A new twinning opportunity has recently opened up in Russia with the Archdiocese of the Mother of God in Moscow. There is a great need there, and we especially want to encourage parishes to consider twinning there to help the Latin Church rebuild its parishes and diocesan facilities after decades of suppression under communism. Only 1 percent of Russia’s 150 million inhabitants are Roman Catholics, so there is great need for help from outside the country to help rebuild the Church there.
The Archdiocese of the Mother of God in Moscow serves Catholics in the 1,015, 451 square miles spanning the region between the Polish border and the Ural Mountains, Ukraine and the Arctic Circle. Their seminary is reopened and has been educating priests since 1994. Local Catholics are not yet able to support their own priests and parishes.
Parishes can help in a number of ways, such as support for a priest or helping to rebuild facilities. For example, $5,000 will help support one priest for a year and $10,000 will support a parish for a year. Funds are also needed to help rebuild the seminary that was closed during the time of Soviet suppression.
For further information, contact the Archdiocese of the Mother of God directly, or Anthony Bosnick.
Getting Started and Some Guidelines
Parish twinning is a wonderful way for a parish to respond to Christ's call to be at service to the least of these in our midst. Guidelines to help you get started with an international twinning relationship in your parish follow. A number of dioceses in the U.S. follow these guidelines.
Form a parish Twinning Committee.
This committee will nourish, foster and oversee the twinning relationship. The committee is in charge of raising awareness and funds in the parish, planning and leading mission trips, and exercising financial oversight of all the funds donated. The parish twining relationship should not be the personal project of one or two parishioners.
Listen to the people and support a project.
Projects which parishes in the archdiocese are currently engaged in include sponsoring feeding programs, building high schools, sponsoring children for school, supporting clinics, running medical missions, building churches, etc. For the sake of financial transparency and accountability, parishes should not simply give a check to the twinned parish, trusting that it will be put to good use. Rather, parishes should engage in an ongoing dialogue with the priest, pastoral counsel, leaders in the community and parishioners at their sister parish about their needs and the projects that they would prioritize. The people in countries like Haiti know far better their needs than we do. Listening must come first.
Establish Bishop-to-Bishop accountability.
The Department for Charity and Justice is coordinating international twinning arrangements. Please notify the department about any twinning relationship you wish to begin. The department will inform Cardinal Wuerl about the arrangement so that he can consider the proposal and notify the bishop in the diocese where the twin project is located about the arrangement. That bishop has the prerogative to accept, change or reject the proposal depending on his assessment of the local situation. If this is the case, the local parish will be notified and can make changes if needed. This process has been requested by the local bishops to help them keep tack of the activities in their dioceses.
Request a budget.
Once a project has been decided upon, ask for a budget and then for regular financial reports from the local pastor, until the completion of the project.
Ask for receipts for all purchases over $100.
The Archdiocese of Washington seeks financial accountability at home and in its work abroad. International twinning experience here and in other dioceses has shown the importance of financial accountability. It is for this reason that we ask parishes to be open with their twin about their need for accountability and assure that their donations are being used for the intended purposes.
Parishes twinned in the Diocese of Jérémie will be asked in the future to submit a short, annual financial report to the Archdiocese of Washington summarizing how much money they have given and for what purposes. These parish reports will be compiled into a report which will be submitted each year to the Bishop of Jérémie.
Please contact the archdiocesan Department for Charity and Justice with any questions or concerns you have about international parish twinning. Contact Anthony Bosnick, or call 301-853-5340.
http://site.adw.org/international-parish-twinning
AUSTRALIA : ST. MARY MACKILLOP HONOURED - AUSTRALIA DAY
Catholic Communications, Sydney Archdiocese REPORT
Sr Maria Casey at the Canonisation of
St Mary of the Cross MacKillop in Rome
Josephite Sister Maria Casey, the Archdiocese of Sydney's Vicar for the Religious and former Postulator for the Cause of Mary MacKillop was awarded an Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for her efforts in making the case for canonisation to the Vatican. But Sr Maria insists the award is not about her but instead honours and recognises Australia's first saint.
"When I first heard that I was to be given the award, I was extremely surprised and also a bit ambivalent for this is not the kind of thing I look for. But then I decided the award was being given in recognition of Mary MacKillop and the high esteem and love in which she is held, not only by the Church but by Australia at large," Sr Maria says.
Fr Paul Gardiner, SJ also received an OAM yesterday for his work during his more than two decades as Postulator for the Cause before handing over the reins to Sr Maria. But like Sr Maria he does not regard the honour as a tribute to his own efforts at making the case for sanctification of St Mary of the Cross MacKillop.
"I'm just a moment in the cause of Mary. People had worked at it for a long time and when I came into the picture a great deal of work had been done by other people," he says.
Now 88 years old, Fr Gardiner hopes his and Sr Maria's OAM awards will remind Australians of the importance and holy character of Australia's first saint, and firmly believes the awards were given based on the legacy of St Mary of the Cross Mackillop's holy character rather than on the work in establishing the case for canonisation to the Holy See.
Fr Gardiner, who lives in retirement in the picturesque town of Penola, SA, site of the first school founded by Mary MacKillop and Fr Julian Tenison Woods, was appointed the Vatican Postulator for the Cause in 1984. The next two and a half decades were spent in meticulous research in Rome as well as Australia. In 2001, he was joined by Sr Maria who was appointed Vice Postulator.
Author of "Mary MacKillop: An Extraordinary Australian", Fr Gardiner was responsible for documenting the first miracle attributed to her intercession which was approved by the Vatican in 1993, paving the way for her beatification and eventual canonisation.
Fr Paul Gardiner
After Fr Gardiner's retirement in 2008, Sr Maria took over the role of Postulator, researching collecting testaments to Mary MacKillop's holiness and closeness to God as well as documenting the second miracle and presenting evidence for divine endorsement to the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
Both Fr Gardiner and Sr Maria participated in the historic canonisation of St Mary of the Cross MacKillop in Rome on 17 October 2010. The following year, the pair were together again, choosing to spend 8 August, the Feast Day of Australia's first saint, in prayer in Penola.
Sr Maria has no plans for any special celebrations to her OAM award. Her thoughts today were instead with Josephite Sister Elizabeth Murphy, former congregational leader, who will celebrate her Diamond Jubiliee marking 70 years of professed on Sunday, 29 January.
Sr Maria is flying to Perth tomorrow to be take part in Sr Elizabeth's Jubilee several hundred other Josephite sisters. Former pupils of Sr Elizabeth and their families will also participate.
Now almost 90, the celebrations will take the form of an afternoon tea and prayers and will give many Josephites a chance for reunions with other sisters from all corners of Australia.
Sr Maria Casey
"I am very much looking forward to the Jubilee and seeing Sr Elizabeth and many other friends at the celebration," says Sr Maria.
The following is a list, courtesy of Ramon A. Williams, of other leading NSW Catholics who were honoured in yesterday's Australia Day awards.
Member of the Order of Australia (AM):
The Hon Jennifer Margaret Boland, Kirribilli, for service to the judiciary through the Family Court of Australia, to legal education, and to the community, particularly through social welfare organisations; Director, CatholicCare Foundation (formerly Centacare), since 1999 and Board member of Monte Sant' Angelo Mercy College from 1995-2002
Richard Haddock, Bronte for service to business through executive roles with financial institutions, to the law, and to the community, particularly as an adviser to the social welfare organisations of the Catholic Church in Australia; Chairman Sisters of Charity Foundation; Chairman of CatholicCare; Chairman, the Curran Foundation; Chairman of Catholic Superannuation and Retirement Fund; Member Finance Committee and Investment Committee, Archdiocese of Sydney and Hon Treasurer, Caritas Australia.
George SMITH, Warriewood, for service to the sport of Rugby Union football as a player at the national and international level, and to the community; Ambassador, St. Vincent de Paul Youth Reach Program; fundraiser for Tongan victims of the 2009 Tsunami; supporter, George Gregan Foundation and coordinator, 'Money Can't Buy' experience to raise money for the Queensland Flood Relief.
Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)
Susan Carr, Narara, for services to youth through Girl Guides Australia, teacher, Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic School, The Entrance.
James DOYLE, Russell Vale for service to the community through the Sisters of Charity Outreach Foundation; Business Manager, Remote and Rural Group, Sisters of Charity Outreach Foundation; Treasurer, Sisters of Charity Outreach Foundation, 1989-2002.
Sr Maria Casey knees before the Holy Father
at the Canonisation Mass in Rome
Lady (Joan) Hardy, Potts Point, for service to the community through support for a range of charitable organisations; member of the Advisory Board, Mackillop Foundation.
John Kean, Northbridge for service to the community through education, medical research, trade and charitable organisations; Council Chairman, Loreto College, Normanhurst; member of the Foundation Board, St Ignatius' College, Riverview; supporter of the Sisters of Charity.
Sister Mary Leahy, rsj Bellevue Hill, for service to pastoral care as the Chaplain of the Stella Maris Apostleship of the Sea since 1993 and Sister of St Joseph offering pastoral care to the Merchant Navy Association and the Merchant Navy Sub-Branch, Returned and Services League of Australia.
Madeleine Le Surf for service to the community of Manly; foundation Member, Parish Caring Service, Manly Freshwater (Catholic) Parish, Special Minister of Communion; co-founder of the Manly Soup Kitchen formerly known as the Manly Winter Food Service.
Dr Kerry Moroney, Narrabri for service to rural medicine, and the community of Narrabri; general practitioner and Visiting Medical Officer, Narrabri District Hospital and active member of Narrabri's St Francis Xavier's Catholic Church.
Mary Mackillop Vatican banner
Dr John Roarty, Point Piper for service to medicine, particularly through contributions to St Vincent's Clinic, Co-Founder and Chair of the Implementation Group formed to create St Vincent's Clinic, St Vincent's Hospital; Executive Director and Board Member, Honorary Visiting Officer, St Vincent's Hospital, 1955-1992 and President of President, St Vincent's Clinic Foundation, 1998-2003.
Barbara Ryan, St Leonards, for service to the community through the St Vincent de Paul Society; former President, St Vincent de Paul Society New South Wales; former member of National Council and Trustees Council; member of Aged Care Board; President, Matthew Talbot Homeless Services from 2006-2008 and Matthew Talbot Hostel volunteer over several decades.
Dr Margaret Stuart, Lane Cove for service to medical research as a biotechnologist; founding member of the Endocrine Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, St Vincent's Hospital.
Associate Professor Peter Thursby, North Rocks, for service to medicine in the field of vascular surgery, and serrvice to the Concord Repatriation General Hospital; Chairman, Medical Appointments Committee; Member, St Joseph's Campus Regional Advisory Board.
Dr John Tierney, East Maitland, for service to the Parliament of Australia, to education, and to the community; Patron, St Phillip's Christian College.
Julia Young, Harwood Island, for service to the community of the North Coast as a supporter of mental health service delivery, Eucharistic Minister, St Mary's Parish Maclean; Liturgy Leader; Member, St Mary's Bereavement Team.
http://www.sydneycatholic.org/news/latest_news/2012/2012127_1802.shtml
EUROPE : RELIGIOUS SISTER MAKES SOLEMN PROFESSION
CATHOLIC HERALD REPORT:
Sister makes solemn profession at Cecilia’s Abbey in Ryde, on the Isle of Wight
By Staff Reporter on Thursday, 26 January 2012
Sister Elizabeth Burgess, centre, is pictured after her solemn profession at St Cecilia’s Abbey in Ryde, Isle of Wight
The solemn profession of Sister Elizabeth Burgess at St Cecilia’s Abbey, in Ryde on the Isle of Wight on January 6, the feast of the Epiphany, was a celebration of joy, thanksgiving and song.
Sister Elizabeth joined the Benedictine community at Ryde six years ago when she was 19. Bishop Crispian of Portsmouth, who has not been well, delegated his role to Fr Abbot Cuthbert Brogan of Farnborough, who was accompanied by the two young juniors from his community.
Sister Elizabeth belonged to the Oratory parish in Oxford and five Oratorians were present, including the Provost Fr Daniel Seward who preached the homily.
Canon Thomas Farrell of Coventry, Fr Finbar Kealy, prior administrator of Quarr, Fr Nicholas Spencer, also of Quarr, and Fr John Redver-Harris of the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham were also present in the sanctuary.
After the Creed Sister Elizabeth came forward with a lighted candle singing in Latin “Now with all my heart I follow you… I seek your face.” After pronouncing her vows she sang the traditional threefold Suscipe with arms held up in prayer and signing the chart of her vows on the altar, she received the monastic cowl and then prostrated for the Litany of Saints and the Prayer of Consecration. She then received the black veil, gold ring and book of the Divine Office.
Sister Elizabeth’s mother died when she was a novice and so her profession ring is her mother’s wedding ring. Sister Elizabeth then placed her two joined hands between those of Mother Abbess, to signify her obedience, after which she received the kiss of peace from each member of her community.
http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/catholiclife/2012/01/26/sister-elizabeth-makes-her-solemn-profession/
ASIA : INDIA : BUSINESS MAN BUILDS HOMES FOR POOR
UCAN REPORT: Businessman builds homes for poor families to break down religious barriers
Francis Rodrigues, Mangalore
A scene in the ‘Sauharda Village’
A Catholic businessman marked India’s Republic Day yesterday by establishing a small community in a Karnataka state village for poor people from different religions.
“Poverty has no caste or creed barriers. Similarly, values of caring and sharing have no religious borders,” said Eric Correa, founder of Sauharda Nagara (village of harmony), a hamlet comprising 34 homes, in Muragoli, near Mangalore.
Correa yesterday handed over house keys to 11 Hindu, 11 Catholic, nine Muslim and three Protestant families during a special ceremony.
He said the families were chosen through a lucky draw involving nearly 650 applicants.
Bishop Aloysius Paul D’Souza of Mangalore, who blessed the houses, hailed Correa’s gesture as a “model message” to those trying to divide people along religious lines.
The prelate said peace and harmony used to prevail in Karnataka until about 10 years ago. “But in recent years the state has become a land of mutual hatred and attacks.”
Karnataka, in the south of the country, has seen several attacks on Christians by right-wing Hindu groups during the past few years.
Correa said he decided to establish the community after becoming frustrated with the tension existing among people on account of religion.
“If poor families could come together they would be better disposed to share and care for each other,” he explained.
Correa, who runs an electrical generator business, has spent 30 million rupees on the project.
He said he plans to build 64 houses in another village soon.
He said he had experienced “an internal call of conscience” to help the homeless.
Rohidas Kulal, a Hindu beneficiary, expressed happiness that he can now live under his own roof. He said he had been living in a rented room with his wife and two children.
Ashiq Mohammad, a Muslim resident, said religious divisions have made people forget how to relate to other others.
He said the hamlet will help its residents live in harmony.
“When one is sick or meets with an accident no one will look at their religion,” he added.
http://www.ucanews.com/2012/01/27/catholic-creates-multi-faith-community/
AFRICA : SOUTH SUDAN : RELICS OF DON BOSCO BRING HOPE
CISA REPORT:
RUMBEK January 27, 2012 (CISA) -The Superior of the Sudan delegation of the Eastern Africa Province of the Salesians of Don Bosco, Fr Ferrington Rayen, has said that the presence of the relic of St Don Bosco in South Sudan means that Don Bosco is part of the new beginning of the new nation, South Sudan.
Fr Rayen said this on Wednesday January 25 during the Eucharistic celebration with the relic of St Don Bosco in Tonj Mission of the Catholic Diocese of Rumbek.
He described the presence of the relic of St Don Bosco as a pilgrimage of faith and a very historic event.
Fr Rayen encouraged South Sudanese to build their country in Christ and with Christ, explaining that St Don Bosco was in South Sudan to give hope to the people journeying towards a great future.
Fr. Rayen recalled the three values St Don Bosco embraced in his ministry among the youth, that is, work, bread, and heaven, challenging the youth to shun idleness and laziness and to work hard for their livelihood.
He described Don Bosco as an attractive saint leading people to Christ and called on the faithful to have Christ and the mother Mary at the centre of all plans towards nation building.
Meanwhile, the Parish Priest of Tonj Mission, Fr James Pulickal, prayed that the visit of St Don Bosco will bring blessings upon the leaders, the youth and all families in South Sudan.
The Diocesan Administrator of Rumbek, Fr. Fernando Colombo, expressed his solidarity with the religious and faithful of Tonj Mission, praying that the visit of St Don Bosco bring to South Sudan and to Rumbek Diocese renewal in faith, hope and good deeds especially among the youth.
http://www.cisanewsafrica.com/
TODAY'S MASS ONLINE : 4TH IN ORD. TIME: SUN. JAN. 29, 2012
Jan 29, 2012 4th Sun in Ordinary Time
Deuteronomy 18: 15 - 20
15 "The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your brethren -- him you shall heed --
16 just as you desired of the LORD your God at Horeb on the day of the assembly, when you said, `Let me not hear again the voice of the LORD my God, or see this great fire any more, lest I die.'
17 And the LORD said to me, `They have rightly said all that they have spoken.
18 I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brethren; and I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him.
19 And whoever will not give heed to my words which he shall speak in my name, I myself will require it of him.
20 But the prophet who presumes to speak a word in my name which I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that same prophet shall die.'
Psalms 95: 1 - 2, 6 - 9
1 O come, let us sing to the LORD; let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation!
2 Let us come into his presence with thanksgiving; let us make a joyful noise to him with songs of praise!
6 O come, let us worship and bow down, let us kneel before the LORD, our Maker!
7 For he is our God, and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. O that today you would hearken to his voice!
8 Harden not your hearts, as at Mer'ibah, as on the day at Massah in the wilderness,
9 when your fathers tested me, and put me to the proof, though they had seen my work.
1 Corinthians 7: 32 - 35
32 I want you to be free from anxieties. The unmarried man is anxious about the affairs of the Lord, how to please the Lord;
33 but the married man is anxious about worldly affairs, how to please his wife,
34 and his interests are divided. And the unmarried woman or girl is anxious about the affairs of the Lord, how to be holy in body and spirit; but the married woman is anxious about worldly affairs, how to please her husband.
35 I say this for your own benefit, not to lay any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord.
Mark 1: 21 - 28
21 And they went into Caper'na-um; and immediately on the sabbath he entered the synagogue and taught.
22 And they were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes.
23 And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit;
24 and he cried out, "What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are, the Holy One of God."
25 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, "Be silent, and come out of him!"
26 And the unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him.
27 And they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, "What is this? A new teaching! With authority he commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him."
28 And at once his fame spread everywhere throughout all the surrounding region of Galilee.
TODAY'S SAINT : ST. GILDAS THE WISE
St. Gildas the Wise
516, traditionally Strathclyde in modern Scotland
Died: 570, Street, Somerset or Rhuys
Major Shrine: Glastonbury Abbey, now destroyed, or Rhuys Church, extant.
Patron of: Welsh historians; bell founders
He was son to a British lord, who to procure him a virtuous education, placed him in his infancy in the monastery of St. Iltutus in Glamorganshire. The surname of Badonicus was given him, because, as we learn from his writings, he was born in the year in which the Britons under Aurelius Ambrosius, or, according to others, under king Arthur, gained the famous victory over the Saxons at Mount Badon, now Bannesdown, near Bath, in Somersetshire. This Bede places in the forty-fourth year after the first coming of the Saxons into Britain, which was in 451. Our saint, therefore, seems to have been born in 494; he was consequently younger than St. Paul, St. Samson, and his other illustrious school-fellows in Wales: but by his prudence and seriousness in his youth he seemed to have attained to the maturity of judgment and gravity of an advanced age. The author of the life of St. Paul of Leon, calls him the brightest genius of the school of St. Iltut. His application to sacred studies was uninterrupted, and if he arrived not at greater perfection in polite literature, this was owing to the want of masters of that branch in the confusion of those times. As to improve himself in the knowledge of God and himself was the end of all his studies, and all his reading was reduced to the study of the science of the saints, the greater progress he made in learning, the more perfect he became in all virtues. Studies which are to many a source of dissipation, made him more and more recollected, because in all books he found and relished only God, whom alone he sought. Hence sprang that love for holy solitude, which, to his death, was the constant ruling inclination of his heart. Some time after his monastic profession, with the consent, and perhaps by the order of his abbot, St. Iltut, he passed over into Ireland, there to receive the lessons of the admirable masters of a religious life, who had been instructed in the most sublime maxims of an interior life, and formed to the practice of perfect virtue, by the great St. Patrick. The author of his Acts compares this excursion, which he made in the spring of his life, to that of the bees in the season of flowers, to gather the juices which they convert into honey. In like manner St. Gildas learned, from the instructions and examples of the most eminent servants of God, to copy in his own life whatever seemed most perfect. So severe were his continual fasts, that the motto of St. John Baptist might in some degree be applied to him, that he scarce seemed to eat or drink at all. A rough hair-cloth, concealed under a coarse cloak, was his garment, and the bare floor his bed, with a stone for his bolster.
By the constant mortification of his natural appetites, and crucifixion of his flesh, his life was a prolongation of his martyrdom, or a perpetual sacrifice which he made of himself to God in union with that which he daily offered to him on his altars. If it be true that he preached in Ireland in the reign of king Ammeric, he must have made a visit to that island from Armorica, that prince only beginning to reign in 560: this cannot be ascribed to St. Gildas the Albanian, who died before that time. It was about the year 527, in the thirty-fourth of his age, that St. Gildas sailed to Armorica, or Brittany, in France: for he wrote his invective ten years after his arrival there, and in the forty-fourth year of his age, as is gathered from his life and writings. Here he chose for the place of his retirement the little isle of Houac, or Houat, between the coast of Rhuis and the island of Bellisle, four leagues from the latter. Houat exceeds not a league in length; the isle of Hoedre is still smaller, not far distant: both are so barren as to yield nothing but a small quantity of corn. Such a solitude, which appeared hideous to others, offered the greatest charms to the saint, who desired to fly, as much as this mortal state would permit, whatever could interrupt his commerce with God. Here he often wanted the common necessaries and conveniences of life; but the greater the privation of earthly comforts was in which he lived, the more abundant were those of the Holy Ghost which he enjoyed, in proportion as the purity of his affections and his love of heavenly things were more perfect. The saint promised himself that he should live here always unknown to men: but it was in vain for him to endeavor to hide the light of divine grace under a bushel, which shone forth to the world, notwithstanding all the precautions which his humility took to conceal it. Certain fishermen who discovered him were harmed with his heavenly deportment and conversation, and made known on the continent the treasure they had found. The inhabitants flocked from the coast to hear the lessons of divine wisdom which the holy anchoret gave with a heavenly unction which penetrated their hearts. To satisfy their importunities, St. Gildas at length consented to live among them on the continent, and built a monastery at Rhuis, in a peninsula of that name, which Guerech, the first lord of the Britons about Vannes, is said to have bestowed upon him. This monastery was soon filled with excellent disciples and holy monks. St. Gildas settled them in good order; then, sighing after closer solitude, he withdrew, and passing beyond the gulf of Vannes, and the promontory of Quiberon, chose for his habitation a grot in a rock, upon the bank of the river Blavet, where he found a cavern formed by nature extended from the east to the west, which on that account he converted into a chapel. However, he often visited this abbey of Rhuis, and by his counsels directed many in the paths of true virtue. Among these was St. Trifina, daughter of Guerech, first British count of Vannes. She was married to count Conomor, lieutenant of king Childebert, a brutish and impious man, who afterwards murdered her, and the young son which he had by her, who at his baptism received the name of Gildas, and was godson to our saint: but he is usually known by the surname of Treuchmour, or Tremeur, in Latin 'Trichmorus. SS. Trifina and Treuchmeur are invoked in the English Litany of the seventh century, in Mabillon. The great collegiate church of Carhaix bears the name of St. Treuchmour: the church of Quim per keeps his feast on the 8th of November, on which day he is commemorated in several churches in Brittany, and at St. Magloire's at Paris. A church situated between Corlai and the abbey of Coetmaloon in Brittany, is dedicated to God under the invocation of St. Trifina.
St. Gildas wrote eight canons of discipline, and a severe invective against the crimes of the Britons, called De Excidio Britanniae, that he might confound those whom he was not able to convert, and whom God in punishment delivered first to the plunders of the Picts and Scots, and afterwards to the perfidious Saxons, the fiercest of all nations. He reproaches their kings, Constantine, (king of the Danmonians, in Devonshire and Cornwall,) Vortipor, (of the Dimetians, in South Wales,) Conon, Cuneglas, and Maglocune, princes in other parts of Britain, with horrible crimes: but Constantine was soon after sincerely converted, as Gale informs us from an ancient Welsh chronicle. According to John Fordun he resigned his crown, became a monk, preached the faith to the Scots and Picts, and died a martyr in Kintyre: but the apostle of the Scots seems to have been a little more ancient than the former. Our saint also wrote an invective against the British clergy, whom he accuses of sloth of seldom sacrificing at the altar &c. In his retirement he ceased not with tears to recommend to God his own cause, or that of his honor and glory, and the souls of blind sinners, and died in his beloved solitude in the island of Horac, (in Latin Horata,) according to Usher, in 570, but according to Ralph of Disse, in 581.[6] St. Gildas is patron of the city of Vannes. The abbey which bears his name in the peninsula of Rhuis, between three and four leagues from Vannes, is of the reformed congregation of St. Maur since the year 1649. The relics of St. Gildas were carried thence for fear of the Normans into Berry, about the year 919, and an abbey was erected there on the banks of the river Indre, which was secularized and united to the collegiate church of Chateauroux in 1623. St. Gildas is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on the 29th of January. A second commemoration of him is made in some places on the 11th of May, on account of the translation of his relics. His life, compiled from the ancient archives of Rhuis by a monk of that house, in the eleventh century, is the best account we have of him, though the author confounds him sometimes with St. Gildas the Albanian. It is published in the library of Fleury, in Bollandus, p. 954, and most correctly in Mabillon, Act. SS. Ord. Saint Bened. t. 1, p. 138. See also Dom Lobineau, Vies des Saints de Bretagne, (for. an. 1725,) p. 72, and Hist. de la Bretagne, (2 vol. fol. an. 1707) and the most accurate Dom Morice, Memoires sur l'Histoire de Bretagne, 3 vol. fol. in 1745, and Hist. de la Bretagne, 2 vol. fol. an. 1750.
SOURCE: http://www.ewtn.com/saintsHoly/saints/G/stgildasthewise.asp#ixzz1ks5mtM00
VATICAN : US BISHOPS ON AD LIMINA IN ROME
RADIO VATICANA REPORT: Bishops from the United States are continuing their ad limina pilgrimages to Rome to pray at the tombs of the Apostles, and to meet with the Holy Father and officials from the Curia. Archbishop Gregory Aymond of New Orleans is one of the prelates visiting the Eternal City this week.
In an interview with Chris Altieri, Archbishop Aymond talked about some of the issues facing the Church in America.
He spoke about the recent decision by the President Barack Obama’s decision to demanding that sterilization, abortifacients and contraception be included in virtually all health plans. “This is extremely disappointing – that the government has taken this stance. It’s unprecedented, as we know… We must express our disappointment, we must express our confusion, because, I think, we thought the United States was a land of liberty and justice and freedom, and that seems not to be the case.”
Archbishop Aymond also spoke about the upcoming Year of Faith and the New Evangelisation: “I’m very much looking forward… to the Synod on Evangelisation. We know that there are people who are un-churched, and there are people who are nominally catholic, people who are catholic by title. This is an opportunity for us to become more missionary, to become more outreaching, because as we know, what we are really about in evangelisation is to help people come to a personal, intimate relationship with the Lord Jesus and then that leads to a greater commitment to the Church and to religion.”
The Archdiocese of New Orleans, he said, has a special focus during the Year of Faith. “We have declared it a Year of Faith, with a specific emphasis on coming to a better understanding of and appreciation of the Eucharist.” Their approach was inspired by “the gift of the new Roman Missal.”
ASIA : HOLY LAND INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PRAYER FOR PEACE
ASIA NEWS REPORT: Card. Turkson, Justice and Peace, and the Custodian of the Holy Land for the fourth edition of the Day. Prayers and Eucharistic adoration, Mass at Calvary in Jerusalem. Angelus with the Pope.
Rome (AsiaNews) - At least 2500 cities around the world will participate tomorrow in the IV International Day of Prayer for Peace in the Holy Land, an initiative launched by youth groups and Eucharistic adoration groups, involving over time the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem and Custody of the Holy Land.
The Day is promoted by various realities of young people: the National Association Papaboys (www.papaboys.it); the Apostolate "Youth For Life" (www.youthfl.org); the chapels of perpetual adoration throughout Italy and around the world; Eucharistic Gathering groups (www.adorazione.org), the Association for the promotion of extraordinary prayer for all the churches for reconciliation, unity and peace, beginning with Jerusalem.
Many of their representatives will be present tomorrow at the Angelus with the Pope in St Peter's Square. Others will commemorate the theme of the day during mass and take part in Eucharistic adoration.
Cardinal. Peter Turkson, President of the Vatican Council for Justice and Peace, has sent a message to mark the event to the young people who will pray for Christian unity and peace in the Holy Land. In it he stresses that "young people are and can be a resource for peace .... The period of your youth is the season of life where you look with enthusiasm to the great values that today, unfortunately, seem to be very weak: truth, freedom, justice, love, brotherhood ... I thank you for showing the world the active, beautiful and young face of the Church of Christ. "
Marking the Day, tomorrow morning beginning at 6am in Jerusalem, Mass will be celebrated at the altar of Calvary, in the basilica of the Holy Sepulchre.
Fr. Pierbattista Pizzaballa, Custos of the Holy Land, sent a greeting to the young people: "... I welcome the fourth International Day of Prayer for peace in the Holy Land. An event that enriches this month of shared reflection on the Gift we have just received, and invites us to overcome every division, to give thanks to God who gives us victory through our Lord Jesus Christ (the theme for the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity ). "
http://www.asianews.it/news-en/International-Day-of-Prayer-for-Peace-in-Holy-Land-23823.html
AMERICA : DOLAN FIRM ON GOSPEL OF LIFE
Cardinal-designate Dolan at last November's U.S. bishops' meeting. (CNS/Nancy Phelan Wiechec)
CNS REPORT: By Beth Griffin
NEW YORK (CNS) -- Natural law is a concept of objective truth, not religious preference, and reliance on natural law and human rights will move the culture and its laws in the direction of authentic respect for human life, Cardinal-designate Timothy M. Dolan of New York said in an address Jan. 24.
Cardinal-designate Dolan, speaking on "Law & the Gospel of Life," gave the inaugural talk in a lecture series sponsored by the Institute on Religion, Law and Lawyers' Work at Jesuit-run Fordham University School of Law.
"Our society has caricatured natural law as some medieval tool the church is using to justify its own unique and antiquated system of teaching. Of course, the opposite is true," he said. "Natural law theory is not uniquely Catholic, it's human.
"Some of the greatest exponents of the natural law, like Aristotle and Cicero, never heard of the Catholic Church. These things we teach are not true because they happen to be taught by the church. We teach them because they happen to be true. Their truth antedates the church."
According to Cardinal-designate Dolan, the most effective way to engage in conversations about human life with people who disagree with the Church's position is to "untether" discussions of natural law "from what might be thought of as unique Catholic confessionalism" and reference the writings of non-Catholic authors. "It's not a Catholic thing. It's a natural thing. It's a human thing."
Cardinal-designate Dolan said Blessed John Paul II's encyclical "Evangelium Vitae," described the culture of death as one that denies the basic solidarity inherent in the human person, is obsessed with efficiency and convenience, and wages a war of the powerful against the weak.
"Can sustained human rights, girded by law, survive in such a culture?" Cardinal-designate Dolan asked. "The pragmatic, utilitarian world view depends upon sand to construct a system of laws protecting human rights, particularly that of life itself, since everything is constantly being re-negotiated, based on drifting dunes of utility, convenience, privacy, and self-interest."
Cardinal-designate Dolan said, "It is a bedrock feature of modern political and legal theory that only neutral, utilitarian principles can provide a basis for public policy discussions and law, and that appeals to transcendent values, such as religion, cannot legitimately be presented."
"The Gospel of life proposes an alternative vision of law and culture, one that provides an antidote to the pragmatic nihilism that produces a culture of death. It seeks to recapture the essential relationship between the civil law and the moral law, and to foster a culture in which all human life is valued and authentic human development is possible."
Cardinal-designate Dolan said, "The Gospel of life calls us specifically to offer a clear, faith-based view of humanity as a basis for human law. As Christians, we propose that truth can only be known and freedom truly exercised by recognizing that they are a gift from God."
He said an important proposition of the Gospel of life is "that the dignity of the human person and respect for inviolable human rights are not just based on divine revelation, but on 'an objective moral law which, as the 'natural law' written in the human heart, is the obligatory point of reference for civil law itself.'"
Cardinal-designate Dolan said, "A reliance on the natural law, and human rights, will enable us to move the culture, and thus our laws, in the direction of authentic respect for human life. It will be a gradual, incremental process ... and require compromise and acceptance of intermediary steps."
He described pragmatism, utilitarianism and consumerism as a trinity of related culprits that chisel away at the culture of life and "seem to be ascendant in culture and normative in making laws."
Cardinal-designate Dolan said, "A baby is useless and impractical from a raw, pragmatic, utilitarian or consumerist view" and is seen by some in the culture of death "as a commodity, an accessory. We have babies, if at all, to satisfy our desires, not to sacrifice for theirs; to fulfill our needs, not to invite us to spend the rest of our lives fulfilling their needs; to reward us, not because we want to give to them."
"To this culture of death, the church boldly and joyfully promotes the culture of life," he said.
Cardinal-designate Dolan said people can promote the culture of life by living, speaking and teaching the truth in love. "Usually, we will attract more people by the compelling nature of our love and, in the end, that will be what most hypnotizes and magnetizes people."
In a response to Cardinal-designate Dolan's address, Jacqueline Nolan-Haley, a Fordham law professor, said the Gospel of life "is pulling us to bring greater morality and justice to civil law."
Monica McDaniel, a 2009 Fordham Law graduate and associate at the White & Case firm, said the culture of death has infiltrated private practice and law schools, both secular and Catholic. "Law schools, many nonprofit human rights organizations and the pro bono departments of many law firms are generally confused about human rights because they lack the sound ethical philosophy of the natural law."
She said "pro-abortion" initiatives dominate the pro bono departments of virtually all major law firms because pro-life lawyers are silent. She encouraged fellow young lawyers to spread the Gospel of life one-on-one, challenge people who make dubious claims and oppose unethical practices.
http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1200332.htm
AUSTRALIA : SISTERS FROM IRAQ AT ACU TO HELP PEOPLE
CATH NEWS REPORT:
Many concerns weigh on the minds of two Sisters from a tiny, endangered religious order in Iraq currently studying at Brisbane's Australian Catholic University (ACU), reports the Catholic Leader.
For Daughters of Jesus' Sacred Heart Sisters Samar Mikha and Azhar Koka, these concerns include the health and education of Catholics in their war-torn country, particularly those of the Chaldean community.
The Sisters are also planning to share knowledge gained from their ACU studies in English and educational administration when they return to Kurdistan, in Iraq's north, in mid-2013.
There, in conjunction with the Chaldean Archbishop Bashar Warda of Erbil, they intend to help set up a Catholic university.
Their study opportunity followed a visit to Iraq in 2009 by Brisbane priest Fr Gerry Hefferan, who was seeking ways to support the rapidly dwindling Catholic community there.
However, when Sr Koka recently spoke with The Catholic Leader, her primary concern was to spread the message that her order was celebrating the jubilee of the centenary of its foundation.
"Our order celebrates the jubilee as a moment of meditation and prayer for the path of God's salvation for blessing our land and people," she said.
"The establishment of our order reaches back to 1908 in a village called Araden, in the north of Iraq, where four girls gathered around Fr Ablahad Rayes helping him in serving the sick, teaching mothers in raising children and organising family matters as well as the catechism.
"The spirit of the young nunnery was characterised from the beginning with a biblical simplicity and meekness. "They were following Christ's saying: 'Learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart' (Matthew 11:29) and taking this as a slogan for their lives.
"Fr Rayes founded the convent, taking the name of the Nunnery of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on August 15, 1911, hoping to spread the worship of the Sacred Heart to be known and loved everywhere."
http://www.cathnews.com/article.aspx?aeid=29639
AFRICA : DEM. REP. CONGO : AIDS PATIENTS LACK TREATMENT
CISA REPORT: KINSHASA, January 27, 2012 (CISA) –Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is alarmed by the situation of HIV/AIDS patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the lack of priority given by the Congolese authorities and the withdrawal of donors, all occurring as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis prepares to celebrate its tenth anniversary on 28 January.
The conditions surrounding access to care for people living with HIV/AIDS in DRC are horrific. At the Centre Hospitalier de Kabinda (CHK) in Kinshasa, MSF has observed an excessively high number of patients arriving with serious complications resulting from lack of treatment. Their advanced illness creates unacceptable suffering.
“I have worked with HIV-positive patients in many countries in central and southern Africa, but what I’m seeing in DRC has not existed elsewhere for years,” says Anja De Weggheleire, MSF’s medical coordinator in DRC. “The situation here reminds me of the time before any antiretroviral (ARV) treatment was available. Our doctors face serious complications every day that could be prevented if patients received early ARV treatment.”
The number of HIV-positive people in DRC is currently estimated at more than one million, 350,000 of whom could benefit from ARV treatment. However, only 44,000 are receiving treatment at this time. This represents a 15 percent ARV coverage rate, one of the lowest in the world (of all African countries, only Somalia and Sudan have similar rates).
DRC is also one of the two lowest-ranked countries in western and central Africa in terms of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Only one percent of pregnant women estimated to be HIV-positive have access to PMTCT treatment. Without treatment, approximately one-third of the babies who are exposed to the virus will be born with HIV.
Despite these disastrous indicators, donors have not given DRC the priority it deserves. What is worse, some donors – such as the Global Fund – are withdrawing or sharply reducing their funding. While the Global Fund is the leading supplier of ARV drugs in the DRC, the countries that finance the Fund have not kept their promises. As a result, the Global Fund is having to lower its sights.
This pull-back by donors is directly threatening the lives of thousands of people in DRC.
“It is crucial that Congolese authorities meet their commitment to provide free prevention services and free treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS. It is also critical that donors immediately mobilise the necessary resources to ensure that patients waiting for ARV treatment are not condemned to die,” said De Weggheleire
EUROPE : COUNCIL OF EUROPE REJECTS EUTHANASIA - PACE
IND. CATH. NEWS REPORT: The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), has adopted a Resolution outlawing euthanasia. The Resolution states the principle that: “Euthanasia, in the sense of the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit, must always be prohibited.”
The resolution, on 25 January, marks the first time in decades, that euthanasia has been so clearly rejected by a European political institution. It is likely to have a direct impact on an upcoming judgement of the European Court in a case concerning the ban of assisted suicide in Germany.
The European Centre for Law and Justice (ECLJ) has welcomed the resolution. Dr Grégor Puppinck, Director of the ECLJ said: “this Resolution is a clear indication that the growing majority of Europeans is opposed to euthanasia. The many abuses occurring in the countries allowing euthanasia are alarming and constitute violations of true human rights. It is convincing that euthanasia must always be prohibited. The small number of European States allowing euthanasia shall review their legislation according to the principles set forth by the PACE.”
Even if this resolution is not legally binding on Member states, it has a real influence on the legislative process and on the judicial process, especially on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights.
On the legislative process, the Assembly “recommends that the Committee of Ministers [the 47 national ambassadors in Strasbourg] bring the Resolution to the attention of member states, with a request for implementation.”
On the judicial process, this Resolution will have an impact on the European Court of Human Rights, in particular on its future decision in the case Koch v Germany. In this case, the Court is mainly called to decide whether or not the ban of “assisted suicide” in Germany respects the Convention. In this case, the applicant, Mr Ulrich Koch, complains for the refusal by the German administration to give to his late wife authorization to obtain a lethal substance in order to commit suicide. The Resolution of PACE shall have an important impact on this case.
Just a year ago, on 20 January 2011, the European Court delivered another judgment (Haas versus Switzerland) on assisted suicide. Although admitting a sort of right to self-suicide, the Court denied the existence of a right to assisted suicide stemming from the European Convention and guaranteed by the State; but still, the Court did not ruled –as the PACE does now- that assisted suicide or euthanasia is a violation per se of the right to life guaranteed by the European Convention of Human Rights.
Mr Luca Volonte', chairman of EPP Group in PACE, said: “last year we obtained a great victory reaffirming the right of medical practitioners to conscientious objection; today we have also fought a good battle and we have won, thank God, against a real ideological tyranny of culture of death (...); now euthanasia is completely banned from PACE”.
Source: ECLJ
http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=19733
TODAY'S MASS AND GOSPEL ONLINE : SAT. JAN. 28, 2012
35 On that day, when evening had come, he said to them, "Let us go across to the other side."
36 And leaving the crowd, they took him with them in the boat, just as he was. And other boats were with him.
37 And a great storm of wind arose, and the waves beat into the boat, so that the boat was already filling.
38 But he was in the stern, asleep on the cushion; and they woke him and said to him, "Teacher, do you not care if we perish?"
39 And he awoke and rebuked the wind, and said to the sea, "Peace! Be still!" And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm.
40 He said to them, "Why are you afraid? Have you no faith?"
41 And they were filled with awe, and said to one another, "Who then is this, that even wind and sea obey him?"
TODAY'S SAINT : JAN. 28 : ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
CONFESSOR, DOCTOR OF THE CHURCH
1225, Roccasecca, in Lazio, Italy
Died: 7 March 1274, Fossanuova Abbey, Italy
Canonized: July 18, 1323, Avignon, France
Major Shrine: Church of the Jacobins, Toulouse, France
Patron of: Catholic universities, colleges, and schools
The great outlines and all the important events of his life are known, but biographers differ as to some details and dates. Death prevented Henry Denifle from executing his project of writing a critical life of the saint. Denifle's friend and pupil, Dominic Prummer, O.P., professor of theology in the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, has taken up the work and is publishing the "Fontes Vitae S. Thomae Aquinatis, notis historicis et criticis illustrati"; and the first fascicle (Toulouse, 1911) has appeared, giving the life of St. Thomas by Peter Calo (1300) now published for the first time. From Tolomeo of Lucca . . . we learn that at the time of the saint's death there was a doubt about his exact age (Prummer, op. cit., 45). The end of 1225 is usually assigned as the time of his birth. Father Prummer, on the authority of Calo, thinks 1227 is the more probable date (op. cit., 28). All agree that he died in 1274.
Landulph, his father, was Count of Aquino, Theodora, his mother, Countess of Teano. His family was related to the Emperors Henry VI and Frederick II, and to the Kings of Aragon, Castile, and France. Calo relates that a holy hermit foretold his career, saying to Theodora before his birth: "He will enter the Order of Friars Preachers, and so great will be his learning and sanctity that in his day no one will be found to equal him" (Prummer, op. cit., 18). At the age of five, according to the custom of the times, he was sent to receive his first training from the Benedictine monks of Monte Cassino. Diligent in study, he was thus early noted as being meditative and devoted to prayer, and his preceptor was surprised at hearing the child ask frequently: "What is God?" About the year 1236 he was sent to the University of Naples. Calo says that the change was made at the instance of the Abbot of Monte Cassino, who wrote to Thomas's father that a boy of such talents should not be left in obscurity (Prummer, op. cit., 20). At Naples his preceptors were Pietro Martini and Petrus Hibernus. The chronicler says that he soon surpassed Martini a grammar, and he was then given over to Peter of Ireland, who trained him in logic and the natural sciences. The customs of the times divided the liberal arts into two courses: the Trivium, embracing grammar, logic, and rhetoric; the Quadrivium, comprising music, mathematics, geometry, and astronomy . . . . Thomas could repeat the lessons with more depth and lucidity than his masters displayed. The youth's heart had remained pure amidst the corruption with which he was surrounded, and he resolved to embrace the religious life.
Some time between 1240 and August, 1243, he received the habit of the Order of St. Dominic, being attracted and directed by John of St. Julian, a noted preacher of the convent of Naples. The city wondered that such a noble young man should don the garb of poor friar. His mother, with mingled feelings of joy and sorrow, hastened to Naples to see her son. The Dominicans, fearing she would take him away, sent him to Rome, his ultimate destination being Paris or Cologne. At the instance of Theodora, Thomas's brothers, who were soldiers under the Emperor Frederick, captured the novice near the town of Aquapendente and confined him in the fortress of San Giovanni at Rocca Secca. Here he was detained nearly two years, his parents, brothers, and Sisters endeavouring by various means to destroy his vocation. The brothers even laid snares for his virtue, but the pure-minded novice drove the temptress from his room with a brand which he snatched from the fire. Towards the end of his life, St. Thomas confided to his faithful friend and companion, Reginald of Piperno, the secret of a remarkable favour received at this time. When the temptress had been driven from his chamber, he knelt and most earnestly implored God to grant him integrity of mind and body. He fell into a gentle sleep, and, as he slept, two angels appeared to assure him that his prayer had been heard. They then girded him about with a white girdle, saying: "We gird thee with the girdle of perpetual virginity." And from that day forward he never experienced the slightest motions of concupiscence.
The time spent in captivity was not lost. His mother relented somewhat, after the first burst of anger and grief; the Dominicans were allowed to provide him with new habits, and through the kind offices of his sister he procured some books—the Holy Scriptures, Aristotle's Metaphysics, and the "Sentences" of Peter Lombard. After eighteen months or two years spent in prison, either because his mother saw that the hermit's prophecy would eventually be fulfilled or because his brothers feared the threats of Innocent IV and Frederick II, he was set at liberty, being lowered in a basket into the arms of the Dominicans, who were delighted to find that during his captivity "he had made as much progress as if he had been in a <studium generale>" (Calo, op. cit., 24). Thomas immediately pronounced his vows, and his superiors sent him to Rome. Innocent IV examined closely into his motives in joining the Friars Preachers, dismissed him with a blessing, and forbade any further interference with his vocation. John the Teutonic, fourth master general of the order, took the young student to Paris and, according to the majority of the saint's biographers, to Cologne, where he arrived in 1244 or 1245, and was placed under Albertus Magnus, the most renowned professor of the order (on chronology of this period see Prummer, op. cit., p.25). In the schools Thomas's humility and taciturnity were misinterpreted as signs of dullness, but when Albert had heard his brilliant defence of a difficult thesis, he exclaimed: "We call this young man a dumb ox, hut his bellowing in doctrine will one day resound throughout the world."
In 1245 Albert was sent to Paris, and Thomas accompanied him as a student. In 1248 both returned to Cologne. Albert had been appointed regent of the new <studium generale>, erected that year by the general chapter of the order, and Thomas was to teach under him as Bachelor. (On the system of graduation in the thirteenth century see PREACHERS, ORDER OF—II, A, 1, d). During his stay in Cologne, probably in 1250, he was raised to the priesthood by Conrad of Hochstaden, archbishop of that city. Throughout his busy life, he frequently preached the Word of God, in Germany, France, and Italy. His sermons were forceful, redolent of piety, full of solid instruction, abounding in apt citations from the Scriptures . In the year 1251 or 1252 the master general of the order, by the advice of Albertus Magnus and Hugo a S. Charo (Hugh of St. Cher), sent Thomas to fill the office of Bachelor (sub-regent) in the Dominican < studium> at Paris. This appointment may be regarded as the beginning of his public career, for his teaching soon attracted the attention both of the professors and of the students. His duties consisted principally in explaining the "Sentences" of Peter Lombard, and his commentmies on that text-book of theology furnished the materials and, in great part, the plan for his chief work, the "Summa theologica".
In due time he was ordered to prepare himself to obtain the degree of Doctor in Theology from the University of Paris, but the conferring of the degree was postponed, owing to a dispute between the university and the friars. The conflict, originally a dispute between the university and the civic authorities, arose from the slaying of one of the students and the wounding of three others by the city guard. The university, jealous of its autonomy, demanded satisfaction, which was refused. The doctors closed their schools, solemnly swore that they would not reopen them until their demands were granted, and decreed that in future no one should be admitted to the degree of Doctor unless he would take an oath to follow the same line of conduct under similar circumstances. The Dominicans and Franciscans, who had continued to teach in their schools, refused to take the prescribed oath, and from this there arose a bitter conflict which was at its height when St. Thomas and St. Bonaventure were ready to be presented for their degrees. William of St. Amour extended the dispute beyond the original question, violently attacked the Friars, of whom he was evidently jealous, and denied their right to occupy chairs in the university. Against his book, "De periculis novissimorum temporum" (The Perils of the Last Times), St. Thomas wrote a treatise "Contra impugnantes religionem", an apology for the religious orders (Touron, op. cit., II, cc. vii sqq.). The book of William of St. Amour was condemned by Alexander IV at Anagni, 5 October, 1256, and the pope gave orders that the mendicant friars should be admitted to the doctorate.
About this time St. Thomas also combated a dangerous book, "The Eternal Gospel" (Touron, op. cit., II, cxii). The university authorities did not obey immediately; the influence of St. Louis IX and eleven papal Briefs were required before peace was firmly established, and St. Thomas was admitted to the degree of Doctor in Theology. The date of his promotion, as given by many biographers, was 23 October, 1257. His theme was "The Majesty of Christ". His text, "Thou waterest the hills from thy upper rooms: the earth shall be filled with the fruit of thy works" (Ps. ciii, 13), said to have been suggested by a heavenly visitor, seems to have been prophetic of his career. A tradition says that St. Bonaventure and St. Thomas received the doctorate on the same day, and that there was a contest of humility between the two friends as to which should be promoted first. From this time St. Thomas's life may be summed up in a few words: praying, preaching, teaching, writing, journeying. Men were more anxious to hear him than they had been to bear Albert, whom St. Thomas surpassed in accuracy, lucidity, brevity, and power of exposition, if not in universality of knowledge. Paris claimed him as her own; the popes wished to have him near them; the <studia> of the order were eager to enjoy the benefit of his teaching; hence we find him successively at Anagni, Rome, Bologna, Orvieto, Viterbo, Perugia, in Paris again, and finally in Naples, always teaching and writing, living on earth with one passion, an ardent zeal for the explanation and defence of Christian truth. So devoted was he to his sacred task that with tears he begged to be excused from accepting the Archbishopric of Naples, to which he was appointed by Clement IV in 1265. Had this appointment been accepted, most probably the "Summa theologica" would not have been written.
Yielding to the requests of his brethren, he on several occasions took part in the deliberations of the general chapters of the order. One of these chapters was held in London in 1263. In another held at Valenciennes (1259) he collaborated with Albertus Magnus and Peter of Tarentasia (afterwards Pope Innocent V) in formulating a system of studies which is substantially preserved to this day in the <studia generalia> of the Dominican Order (cf. Douais, op. cit.). It is not surprising to read in the biographies of St. Thomas that he was frequently abstracted and in ecstasy. Towards the end of his life the ecstasies became more frequent. On one occasion, at Naples in 1273, after he had completed his treatise on the Eucharist, three of the brethren saw him lifted in ecstasy, and they heard a voice proceeding from the crucifix on the altar, saying "Thou hast written well of me, Thomas; what reward wilt thou have?". Thomas replied, "None other than Thyself, Lord" (Prummer, op. cit., p. 38). Similar declarations are said to have been made at Orvieto and at Paris. On 6 December, 1273, he laid aside his pen and would write no more. That day he experienced an unusually long ecstasy during Mass; what was revealed to him we can only surmise from his reply to Father Reginald, who urged him to continue his writings: "I can do no more. Such secrets have been revealed to me that all I have written now appears to be of little value" (<modica>, Prummer, op. cit., p. 43).
The "Summa theologica" had been completed only as far as the ninetieth question of the third part (De partibus poenitentiae). Thomas began his immediate preparation for death. Gregory X, having convoked a general council, to open at Lyons on 1 May, 1274, invited St. Thomas and St. Bonaventure to take part in the deliberations, commanding the former to bring to the council his treatise "Contra errores Graecorum" (Against the Errors of the Greeks). He tried to obey, setting out on foot in January, 1274, but strength failed him; he fell to the ground near Terracina, whence he was conducted to the Castle of Maienza the home of his niece the Countess Francesca Ceccano. The Cistercian monks of Fossa Nuova pressed him to accept their hospitality, and he was conveyed to their monastery, on entering which he whispered to his companion: "This is my rest for ever and ever: here will I dwell, for I have chosen it" (Ps. cxxxi, 14). When Father Reginald urged him to remain at the castle, the saint replied: "If the Lord wishes to take me away, it is better that I be found in a religious house than in the dwelling of a lay person." The Cistercians were so kind and attentive that Thomas's humility was alarmed. "Whence comes this honour", he exclaimed, "that servants of God should carry wood for my fire!" At the urgent request of the monks he dictated a brief commentary on the Canticle of Canticles.
The end was near; extreme unction was administered. When the Sacred Viaticum was brought into the room he pronounced the following act of faith: "If in this world there be any knowledge of this sacrament stronger than that of faith, I wish now to use it in affirming that I firmly believe and know as certain that Jesus Christ, True God and True Man, Son of God and Son of the Virgin Mary, is in this Sacrament." Then he added: "I receive Thee, the price of my redemption, for Whose love I have watched, studied, and laboured. Thee have I preached; Thee have I taught. Never have I said anything against Thee: if anything was not well said, that is to be attributed to my ignorance. Neither do I wish to be obstinate in my opinions, but if I have written anything erroneous concerning this sacrament or other matters, I submit all to the judgment and correction of the Holy Roman Church, in whose obedience I now pass from this life" (Prummer, op. cit., p. 45). He died on 7 March, 1274. Numerous miracles attested his sanctity, and he was canonized by John XXII, 18 July, 1323. The monks of Fossa Nuova were anxious to keep his sacred remains, but by order of Urban V the body was given to his Dominican brethren, and was solemnly translated to the Dominican church at Toulouse, 28 January, 1369. A magnificent shrine erected in 1628 was destroyed during the French Revolution, and the body was removed to the Church of St. Sernin, where it now reposes in a sarcophagus of gold and silver, which was solemnly blessed by Cardinal Desprez on 24 July, 1878. The chief bone of his left arm is preserved in the cathedral of Naples. The right arm, bestowed on the University of Paris, and originally kept in the St. Thomas's Chapel of the Dominican church, is now preserved in the Dominican Church of S. Maria Sopra Minerva in Rome, whither it was transferred during the French Revolution.
A description of the saint as he appeared in life is given by Calo (Prummer, op. cit., p. 401), who says that his features corresponded with the greatness of his soul. He was of lofty stature and of heavy build, but straight and well proportioned. His complexion was "like the colour of new wheat": his head was large and well shaped, and he was slightly bald. All portraits represent him as noble, meditative, gentle yet strong. St. Pius V proclaimed St. Thomas a Doctor of the Universal Church in the year 1567. In the Encyclical "Aeterni Patris", of 4 August, 1879, on the restoration of Christian philosophy, Leo XIII declared him "the prince and master of all Scholastic doctors". The same illustrious pontiff, by a Brief dated 4 August, 1880, designated him patron of all Catholic universities, academies, colleges, and schools throughout the world.
SOURCE: http://www.ewtn.com/saintsHoly/saints/T/stthomasaquinas.asp#ixzz1kj81cQFC
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Can the Schools Be Fixed?
A Tale of Two Rothsteins
Sol Stern • April 11, 2008 •
After reading his current essay, it occurred to me that there might as well be two Richard Rothsteins writing about the schools. First there’s the Rothstein who trumpets the success of America’s public schools and their teachers. In this essay, and in some of his other publications, Rothstein contends that since World War II the nation’s K-12 education system has continued to perform well above the minimum level needed to sustain a productive and competitive economy. Why then do so many highly knowledgeable people continue to believe that America is saddled with a failing public school system that, in turn, undermines the nation’s economic future? The blame for this confusion, according to Rothstein, rests in the first place with the misdiagnosis of the problem by the authors of A Nation at Risk, the hugely influential 1983 report issued by the National Commission on Excellence in Education.
Rothstein challenges the commission’s assertion, based in part on changes in SAT scores, that student achievement was declining and that American education was sinking under a “rising tide of mediocrity.” He argues that the sharp drop in SAT performance in the 1960s and 1970s cited by the commission should have been attributed to “the changing composition of SAT test takers.” Once the pool of test takers was stabilized, according to Rothstein, average SAT scores for whites and blacks began rising again. Moreover, Rothstein cites a number of other indicators of student academic improvement that the authors of A Nation at Risk either overlooked or failed to anticipate, and that support his contention that the schools were actually accomplishing their academic mission at the time of the report’s publication. He produces trend scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) showing dramatic improvement in black students’ fourth grade math scores over the past three decades, and adds that blacks made modest gains in reading scores as well. Looking back across this entire period, Rothstein proclaims that our unjustly maligned public schools and their teachers should actually be applauded for the fact that “minority and disadvantaged children … have gained a full standard deviation in test score improvement in a single generation.”
Despite this generally rosy picture, Rothstein is no Dr. Pangloss. He does grant that an unacceptably high rate of academic failure persists among inner city disadvantaged children. In his 2004 book, Class And Schools: Using Social, Economic, and Educational Reform to Close the Black-White Achievement Gap, Rothstein has offered many proposals about how to narrow the still substantial black-white achievement gap. The trouble is that these proposals have little to do with education per se, and are unlikely to ever be implemented. It is here that the other Rothstein emerges. The very public schools that Rothstein lavishes praise on for their crucial role in lifting SAT scores over the past three decades, for raising black test scores, and for somewhat narrowing the achievement gap, suddenly become powerless (and thus blameless) to close the deal.
This other Rothstein concludes that further improvements in academic outcomes for the disadvantaged can not, by and large, be achieved through any current education reform strategy for the schools — not charters and vouchers, not by improving school curriculums or classroom instructional practices, not even by pouring more money into the schools. For Rothstein, school reform essentially has become radical social and political reform. He is convinced that we won’t see further significant gains in academic achievement for the urban poor until we achieve an expansive welfare state. Since this isn’t going to happen, the effect is to let schools and teachers off the hook for failing to raise academic achievement. After all it’s not the schools’ fault that children with poor housing, poor health care, children who come from homes with no intellectual stimulation, “enter school already so far behind they rarely can catch up.” Furthermore, argues Rothstein, “Parents under severe economic stress cannot provide the support children need to excel … .”
This represents, in just one short essay, a remarkable 180 degree turn by Rothstein on the question of how much schools ought to be held responsible for improving outcomes for disadvantaged children. Early on in the essay Rothstein castigates the Nation at Risk commission for ignoring substantial evidence showing how much progress disadvantaged and minority children actually made in the 1960s and 1970s, and he then attributes these gains to the quality of the public schools. At the end of the essay, however, Rothstein criticizes the same commission members for not taking into account the evidence already available in 1983 on “nonschool influences on academic achievement.” The commission is specifically faulted for not considering the widely reported findings of the 1966 Coleman Report that “family background factors were more important influences on student achievement variation than school quality.”
I can understand Rothstein arguing for one of these two positions — either schools are able to significantly overcome family and neighborhood deficits that children bring to the classroom (and therefore ought to be judged by that standard) or they cannot be expected to overcome the social and economic deficits. But he perversely insists on having it both ways. He wants to credit the public school system and its teachers for any gains made by minorities and the disadvantaged, but also tries to shift blame away from the schools and onto the shortcomings of the larger society, whenever those same disadvantaged children fall behind.
In fact, Rothstein is mostly wrong on both counts. First, there’s a good deal of evidence that actually supports the diagnosis of academic decline in the 1960s and 1970s made by the authors of A Nation at Risk. Diane Ravitch, one of the nation’s leading experts on national testing and standards, assembled some of this evidence in her 1995 book, National Standards in American Education. Ravitch shows that average SAT verbal scores plummeted from a high of 478 in 1963 down to the 420s by the late 1970s. It remained there until 1994, when scores were recentered. (Rothstein doesn’t mention the recentering.) Average math scores were 502 in 1963 and fell to 466 in 1980. Ravitch also debunks the notion that the decline in SAT scores could have been wholly explained by changes in the composition of the test takers. She points out that the ethnic composition of SAT test takers was not fully reported until 1976, so there is insufficient data on the beginning and crucial years of the reported decline. Moreover, the College Board’s own study on composition said that only half of the decline could be attributed to the demographic changes in the pool. And, according to Ravitch, a report by the Congressional Budget Office “concluded ‘that the overall drop in achievement’ entailing ‘sizable declines in higher level skills, such as inference and problem-solving is beyond question.’”
Let’s now turn to the question of how much responsibility schools should bear for such score declines, or for more generally failing to raise the academic performance of disadvantaged children. On this issue, Rothstein is guilty of the same charge of ignoring the findings of sociologist James Coleman that he has leveled against the authors of A Nation at Risk. In Rothstein’s case, however, it’s the second “Coleman Report,” issued in 1982, that is ignored. By that year, Coleman had substantially modified his views about the ability of schools to overcome the social deficits of their students. He now concluded that what schools did matter a great deal and could make a big difference in raising the academic achievement of disadvantaged children. In a study co-authored with Thomas Hoffer and Sally Kilgore, Coleman concluded that Catholic high schools produced greater achievement gains for lower income students than the public schools. These gains were largely due to the higher academic standards, the more orderly classrooms and the greater sense of social solidarity found in the Catholic schools.
Obviously we can’t really expect that the 1982 Coleman report — and the many other scholarly studies that have arrived at similar conclusions about the efficacy of urban Catholic schools — would lead Rothstein to seriously consider vouchers, tuition tax credits or other forms of aid to Catholic schools as a means of offering poor inner city children a better chance of success. Still it’s sad that Rothstein doesn’t even acknowledge the existence of the second Coleman report, which profoundly challenges his own theories about the relationship between specific school effects and the possibility of raising the achievement of disadvantaged students. It’s even sadder that, because of Rothstein’s ideological fixation on the primacy of class, race, and poverty differences as determinants of learning outcomes, he seems blind to specific curricular and instructional reforms within the public schools that have had an impact in raising the achievement of disadvantaged students.
There’s the “Massachusetts Miracle,” for example, which I wrote about in the Winter 2008 issue of City Journal. In the past several years, Massachusetts has improved more than almost every other state on the NAEP tests. In 2007, it scored first in the nation in fourth- and eighth-grade math and reading. The state owes this amazing improvement in student performance to its decision to mandate a rigorous curriculum for all grades, creating demanding tests linked to the curriculum standards, and insisting that all high school graduates pass a comprehensive exit exam.
But I doubt that Rothstein is much interested in these real on-the-ground gains for both white and black students. He certainly hasn’t spoken out to protect the gains against the attempts of Massachusetts’ new Democratic Governor Deval Patrick to turn back the reform agenda. Instead, he’s still waiting for the European-style welfare state that will never come.
Also from this issue
Lead Essay
“A Nation at Risk” Twenty-Five Years Later by Richard Rothstein
Twenty-five years ago this month, a Reagan-appointed blue-ribbon committee published a blockbuster study, A Nation at Risk, about the sorry state of American education. In this month’s lead essay, the Economic Policy Institute’s Richard Rothstein gives his critical assessment. “In 1983, A Nation at Risk misidentified what is wrong with our public schools and, consequently, set the nation on a school reform crusade that has done more harm than good,” Rothstein writes. “The diagnosis … was flawed in three respects: First, it wrongly concluded that student achievement was declining. Second, it placed the blame on schools for national economic problems over which schools have relatively little influence. Third, it ignored the responsibility of the nation’s other social and economic institutions for learning.”
The Freedom to Innovate and the Future of Education by Michael Strong
In his reply, education entrepreneur Michael Strong challenges Rothstein’s key claims about the success of public schools and their relative unimportance for the further economic advance of the poor. He argues that the attachment to the status quo system of public education is “irrational.” Drawing on his experience as the principal of a successful charter school, Strong emphasizes the importance of the freedom to innovate. “The first nation that creates an educational system that allows educational entrepreneurs significant freedom to innovate will, over time, develop a significant advantage in the global marketplace. I’d prefer that the United States lead this movement rather than follow it.”
A Tale of Two Rothsteins by Sol Stern
The Manhattan Institute’s Sol Stern detects “two Richard Rothsteins.” The first praises the public schools for improving student performance and for narrowing inequalities in student achievement. The second argues that nothing further can be done by the schools; for added progress we need other forms of social and political reform. “Either schools are able to significantly overcome family and neighborhood deficits that children bring to the classroom (and therefore ought to be judged by that standard) or they cannot be expected to overcome the social and economic deficits,” Stern writes. “But [Rothstein] perversely insists on having it both ways.” In stark contrast, Stern argues that test scores have become worse, that schools bear the responsibility, but that they can improve through a regime of standards.
Where Do We Go Now? by Frederick Hess
Frederick Hess, the Director of Education Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute, concedes the premises of Richard Rothstein’s argument but contests their implications for the future of education. According to Hess, the key failing of A Nation at Risk was its too-easy acceptance of “the familiar institutions and practices of K-12 schooling.” As a consequence, the nature of teaching and teacher education has barely changed, despite deep changes in the broader labor market. And even the school choice movement has fallen victim to “the dangers of trying to paste preferred policies atop existing arrangements.” Hess concludes that “we must reject both excuse-mongering and overwrought hyperbole in favor of a steely willingness to revisit the shopworn assumptions and tired verities that have so long characterized school reform on the left and the right.”
Response to the Responses by Richard Rothstein
Teens in Crisis by Michael Strong
Against Education Utopias by Sol Stern
The Danger of Grand “Fixes” by Frederick Hess
If “The Poor Will Always Be with Us,” So Too Will Low Test Scores by Richard Rothstein
Deregulating Smart by Frederick Hess
Why Not Use What We Already Know? by Sol Stern
Understanding How Educational Freedom Improves Education by Michael Strong
Reply to Strong by Sol Stern
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Steve Radelet is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development, where he works on issues related to foreign aid, developing country debt, economic growth, and trade between rich and poor countries. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury for Africa, the Middle East, and Asia from January 2000 through June 2002. In that capacity he was responsible for developing policies on U.S. financial relations with the countries in these regions, including debt rescheduling and programs with the IMF, World Bank, and other international financial institutions. He oversaw policy development on the U.S. response to Turkey’s financial crisis, Pakistan’s debt restructuring, India’s financial relationships with the U.S., the aftermath of Indonesia’s financial crisis, Nigeria’s re-engagement with the international financial institutions, and development issues throughout Africa. From 1990-2000 he was on the faculty of Harvard University, where he was a Fellow at the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), Director of the Institute’s Macroeconomics Program, and a Lecturer on Economics and Public Policy. From 1991-95, he lived in Jakarta, Indonesia, where he was HIID’s resident advisor on macroeconomic policy to the Indonesian Ministry of Finance. He served in a similar capacity with the Ministry of Finance and Trade in The Gambia from 1986-88. He was also a Peace Corps Volunteer in Western Samoa from 1981-83.
His research and publications have focused on foreign aid, economic growth, financial crises, and trade policy in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia. He has written numerous articles in economics journals and other publications, is co-author of Economics of Development (a leading undergraduate textbook), and author of Challenging Foreign Aid: A Policymaker’s Guide to the Millennium Challenge Account.
April 2006 : What Can Foreign Aid Do for the World’s Poor?
Response Essays: Evidence Beats Rhetoric, Every Time
The Conversation: The Record of Aid in a Complex World
The Conversation: Five Ways to Make Aid More Effective
The Conversation: The Challenges of the Millennium Challenge Account
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