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‘Narcos’ Season 2 Trailer Shows War in Colombian Streets (Video)
Netflix drama about Pablo Escobar returns Sept. 2
Joe Otterson | July 21, 2016 @ 6:44 AM Last Updated: July 21, 2016 @ 6:46 AM
In the first “Narcos” Season 2 trailer, a war breaks out between Colombian law enforcement and the hired army of drug kingpin Pablo Escobar.
It begins by showing Escobar simply walking away from his prison sentence, with the Colombian army too afraid to stop him. After that, the government won’t take any more chances and begins an all-out assault on everyone and everything connected to the Escobar organization.
The series stars Wagner Moura alongside Boyd Holbrook and Pedro Pascal as real-life DEA agents Steve Murphy and Javier Peña.
Also Read: Netflix's 'Narcos' Season 1 to Air on Univision in Historic Agreement
José Padilha and Eric Newman serve as executive producers of the series. “Narcos” is produced by Gaumont International Television for Netflix.
Back in December, Adam Fierro exited his role as executive producer on “Narcos” for Season 2. The former “The Walking Dead” consulting producer had been billed as the new showrunner on the drug trafficking drama upon its renewal. Netflix said Fierro was engaged for services on Season 2 of “Narcos,” which he completed, and his work is now finished.
“Narcos” Season 2 will launch on Sept. 2 on Netflix.
Watch the video above.
63 TV Shows to Watch Before Summer's Over, From 'Guilt' to 'OJ' (Photos)
Don't spend the end of summer on some depressing beach. Scroll through our handy gallery of shows you still have time to watch before the fall TV season.
"Devious Maids" (Lifetime) at 9 p.m./8c
Season 4 of the Eva Longoria-produced series will see the Beverly Hills maids returning for more down and dirty hijinks.
"Angie Tribeca" (TBS) at 9 p.m./8c
Rashida Jones returns to solve more crimes for the Really Heinous Crimes Unit in Season 2 of this cop drama spoof.
"Rizzoli & Isles" (TNT) at 9 p.m./8c
Angie Harmon and Sasha Alexander will play the indefatigable cop/doctor team for the last time when the seventh and final season begins.
"UnReal" (Lifetime) at 10 p.m./9c
Reality TV has never been more real in Season 2 of this scripted series about the behind the scenes world of a "Bachelor" type dating show.
"Casual" (Hulu)
Season 2 of the Hulu dramedy will explore more deep topics like family, love, and sex in dark, but funny, ways.
"Hell on Wheels" (AMC) at 9 p.m./8c
The last seven episodes of the fifth and final season of this Wild West series promises to be one hell of a ride.
"OJ: Made in America" (ABC/ESPN) at 9 p.m./8c
This seven-plus hour documentary on the infamous O.J. Simpson murder trial will air part one on ABC before finishing out on ESPN.
Also Read: ESPN’s ‘OJ: Made in America’ Documentary Event Set to Screen in LA, NYC Theaters This Weekend (Video)
"The American West"(AMC) at 10 p.m./9c
Check out a different slice of American history with this event series that explores the lives of famous frontier figures like Wyatt Earp, Sitting Bull and Billy the Kid.
Michael Moriartis/AMC
"The Last Ship" (TNT) at 9 p.m./8c
With a cure for the virus in their possession, the crew of the Nathan James must now focus on rebuilding society
"Ride with Norman Reedus" (AMC) at 10 p.m./9c
"The Walking Dead" star will tour the U.S. exploring all the facets of biker culture.
Also Read: Norman Reedus Thinks Fan Outrage Over ‘Walking Dead’ Finale Is a ‘Huge Compliment’
"Guilt" (Freeform) at 9 p.m./8c
An American student living in London is accused of her roommate's murder in this ripped from the headlines Freeform original starring Emily Tremaine, Billy Zane and Kevin Ryan.
Also Read: ABC Family Orders New Scripted Dramas ‘Guilt,’ ‘Beyond’
"BrainDead" (CBS) at 10 p.m./9c
Mary Elizabeth-Winstead leads this drama about a Capitol Hill staffer who learns that Congress has been taken over by brain-eating aliens.
"Major Crimes" (TNT) at 10 p.m/9c
Season 5 of the "Closer" spinoff will pick up with the Major Crimes Squad tracking down the most high-profile criminals in L.A.
"Uncle Buck" (ABC) at 9 p.m./8c
Mike Epps stars in this sitcom based on the classic 1989 John Candy film about a perpetual slacker who agrees to care for his brother's kids.
"Animal Kingdom" (TNT) at 9 p.m./8c
This drama, based on the Australian film of the same name, follows a family that fuels their lavish lifestyle through crime.
Also Read: TNT’s ‘Animal Kingdom’ Casts C Thomas Howell in Recurring Role (Exclusive)
"Wrecked" (TBS) at 10 p.m./9c
This new comedy series tries to find the lighter side of surviving a plane crash and ending up on a desert island.
"To Tell the Truth" (ABC) at 10 p.m./9c
Anthony Anderson will host a game show revival in which a panel of celebrities try to determine the true identity of the contestants.
"Another Period" (Comedy Central) at 10 p.m./9c
Any "Downton Abbey" fans with a taste for comedy should check out this series from creators Natasha Leggero and Riki Lindhome
"Aquarius" (NBC) at 9 p.m./8c
David Duchovny returns for Season 2 of period crime drama about a detective who goes undercover with infamous the Manson Family.
"Orange Is the New Black" (Netflix) at 12:01 a.m.
Get locked up again with Season 4 of this popular Netflix show that explores the colorful lives of the women being held at Litchfield Penitentiary.
"The Jim Gaffigan Show" (TV Land) at 10 p.m./9c
Season 2 of Jim Gaffigan's comedy series sees the comedian still trying to balance his family life with his career.
"Murder in the First" (TNT) at 10 p.m./9c
Taye Diggs and Kathleen Robertson return for Season 3 as Dets. English and Mulligan from veteran producer Steven Bochco.
"The Fosters" (Freeform) at 8 p.m./7c
The atypical Foster family comes back for Season 4 to continue their exploration of what it means to be a family in the modern age.
"Odd Mom Out" (Bravo) at 10 p.m./9c
Season 2 of this comedy will see star Jill Kargman fighting against the matronly monarchy that rules over New York's Upper East Side.
"Pretty Little Liars" (Freeform) at 8 p.m./7c
Get ready for more mayhem and makeup in Season 7 of this series based on the novels by Sara Shepherd.
"The Haves and the Have Nots" (OWN) at 10 p.m/9c
Season 4 of Tyler Perry's drama series will continue to explore the contrast and conflict in the lives of the wealthy Cryer and Harrington families and the poor Young family
"Queen of the South" (USA) at 10 p.m/9c
Alicia Braga leads this USA original about a Mexican woman who flees across the border after her drug dealer boyfriend is killed.
"Greenleaf" (OWN) at 10 p.m./9c
Family and faith collide in Oprah Winfrey's new drama about the life inside a family that runs a Memphis megachurch.
"Big Brother" (CBS) at 8 p.m./7c
Julie Chen welcomes a new group of bickering housemates for Season 18 of this popular reality series.
"American Gothic" (CBS) at 10 p.m./9c
Steven Spielberg and James Frey produce this drama about a prominent Boston family that is attempting to redefine itself in the wake of a discovery that links their recently deceased patriarch to a string of murders spanning decades.
"BattleBots" (ABC) at 8 p.m/7c
Season 2 will continue all the mechanical mayhem we have come to expect from this robot demolition derby competition series.
Also Read: Why ESPN’s ‘SportsNation’ Hosts Have the Most Fun in Sports TV
"Celebrity Family Feud" (ABC) at 8 p.m/7c
Steve Harvey hosts this version of the syndicated game show in which celebrities try to win money for charity.
"The $100,000 Pyramid" (ABC) at 9 p.m/8c
Former "Live" co-host Michael Strahan will helm the revival of this game show in which contestants team up with celebrities for word-association games.
"Ray Donovan" (Showtime) at 9 p.m./8c
Liev Schreiber is back for Season 4 of the gritty drama about a professional "fixer" and his efforts to keep his own family out of trouble.
Also Read: Liev Schreiber, Janet McTeer to Return to Broadway in ‘Les Liaisons Dangereuses’
"Roadies" (Showtime) at 10 p.m./9c
Cameron Crowe returns to his rock roots with this series about the road crew of an arena rock band.
Also Read: Cameron Crowe’s ‘Roadies’ Drops Rockin’ First Trailer, Release Date (Video)
"Match Game" (ABC) at 10 p.m/9c
Alec Baldwin will host the revival of this seminal dating game show.
"Dead of Summer" (Freeform) at 9 p.m./8c
"Once Upon a Time" creators Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis along with Ian Goldberg are leading this series about the dark forces at work at a summer camp in the 1980s.
"Zoo" (CBS) at 9 p.m/8c
Season 2 of this hit summer series will see animals continue to strike back against humanity for years of abuse and imprisonment.
"Sex&Drugs&Rock&Roll" (FX) at 10 p.m./9c
Denis Leary puts on his leather pants once again for Season 2 of this comedy about a has-been rock star looking to reclaim his former glory.
"Marco Polo" (Netflix) at 12:01 a.m.
Lorenzo Richelmy will again play the famed explorer in Season 2 as he navigates the treacherous waters of Kublai Khan's court.
"Killjoys" (Syfy) at 9 p.m./8c
The bounty hunting heroes of this sci-fi series are back for Season 2 for more out of this world action.
"Dark Matter" (Syfy) at 10 p.m./9c
Season 2 finds the Raza crew still piecing their pasts together while outwitting untold dangers across the galaxy.
Wednesday, July 6
"Tyrant" (FX) at 10 p.m/9c
Adam Rayner returns as Bassam "Barry" Al-Fayeed, the son of a Middle Eastern dictator who struggles with whether or not to enter the family business.
"The Night Of" (HBO) at 9 p.m./8c
John Turturro stars in this miniseries about a murder in New York City, which spirals into a larger examination of the criminal justice system.
"Whose Line Is It Anyway?"(The CW) at 9 p.m./8c
Season 4 will bring more improv craziness as the "Whose Line" gang makes it up as they go along with a little help from the audience.
"Penn & Teller: Fool Us" at 8 p.m/7c
Season 3 will see the world-renowned magicians trying to shepherd the younger generation of prestidigitators in this reality competition series.
"Difficult People" (Hulu)
Billy Eichner and Julie Klausner play fictionalized versions of themselves once again in Season 2 of this comedy about two jaded New York comedians.
"Suits" (USA) at 9 p.m./8c
In Season 6, Pearson Specter Litt will have to rebuild after all their employees jumped ship at the end of last season.
"Mr. Robot" (USA) at 10 pm/9c
Rami Malek returns for Season 2 of this surprise hit and Golden Globe winner about a hacker who gets pulled into working with a hacktivist group.
Also Read: USA Unveils ‘Mr. Robot’ Season 2 Trailer, First Look at ‘Shooter’ (Videos)
"Stranger Things" (Netflix) at 12:01 a.m.
Winona Ryder stars as a mother whose child disappears without a trace, and she must confront evil forces to get him back.
"Power" (Starz) at 9 p.m./8c
Omari Hardwick returns as drug kingpin/entrepreneur "Ghost" for Season 3 of this crime drama, which co-stars and is produced by 50 Cent
"Ballers" (HBO) at 10 p.m/9c
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is back for Season 2 of the comedy series in which he plays a former NFL player turned manager trying to keep his pro athlete clients on the straight and narrow.
"Vice Principals" (HBO) at 10:30 p.m./9:30c
Danny McBride and Walton Goggins play rival high school vice principals in this new comedy series.
"Shooter" (USA) at 10 p.m./9c
Ryan Phillippe takes over for Mark Wahlberg in this small screen adaption of the movie about an ace sniper who is framed for an assassination.
"BoJack Horseman" (Netflix) at 12:01 a.m.
Will Arnett again lends his voice to Season 3 of this animated series about a once-great horse actor trying to get back on top of Hollywood.
"Degrassi" (Netflix) at 12:01 a.m.
Netflix is reviving this popular Canadian teen melodrama for the fifth series in the long-running franchise
"Survivor's Remorse" (Starz) at 10 p.m/9c
In Season 3 of this comedy from producer LeBron James, Cam Calloway (Jessie T. Usher) lives the high life of a pro basketball player with his crazy family along for the ride.
"Bachelor in Paradise" (ABC) at 8 p.m./7c
Season 3 will see even more steamy action as former "Bachelor" and "Bachelorette" contestants hooking up in tropical locales.
Also Read: ‘The Bachelorette’ JoJo Fletcher Admits She Knew Who Jordan Rodgers Was Before the Show
"The Get Down" (Netflix) at 12:01 a.m.
In this funky musical original from Baz Luhrmann and Shawn Ryan, a group of kids tries to navigate the streets of New York during the 1970s.
"Cheer Squad" (Freeform) at 10 p.m./9c
This original reality series follows the trials and tribulations of champion cheerleading team The Great White Sharks.
"Better Late Than Never" (NBC) at 10 p.m./9c
William Shatner, Henry Winkler, George Foreman and Terry Bradshaw star in this comedy event series as the four icons tour across Asia together.
Also Read: Muhammad Ali Mourned by Hollywood, Sports Royalty
"The Strain" (FX) at 10 p.m/9c
Season 3 picks up with a bloody vengeance as the human survivors of a vampiric virus battle for their lives.
"You're the Worst" (FX) at 10 p.m./9c
This dark comedy explored the effects of clinical depression last season, and Season 3 will no doubt go in even crazier and more powerful directions.
It’s not too late to catch up on these summer shows, still available online or on-demand
Netflix Releases ‘Narcos’ Season 2 Premiere Date, Teaser Trailer (Video)
By Joe Otterson | June 13, 2016 @ 7:12 AM
‘Narcos’ Writer to Create El Chapo Drama ‘#Cartel’ for History
By Linda Ge | May 3, 2016 @ 3:00 PM
‘Narcos’ Executive Producer Exits Netflix Drama
By Linda Ge | December 23, 2015 @ 12:35 PM
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‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ Hits $1 Billion Worldwide as 2017 Closes
New “Star Wars” sequel passes “Beauty and the Beast” to become year’s top-grossing domestic release
Jeremy Fuster | December 31, 2017 @ 8:08 AM Last Updated: December 31, 2017 @ 12:06 PM
After 16 days in theaters, “Star Wars: The Last Jedi” has crossed the $1 billion mark at the global box office. It’s the third-fastest film in box office history to hit that mark, sitting behind “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” at 12 days and “Jurassic World” at 13 days. With a domestic total of $517 million, it will also close 2017 as the highest-grossing release of the year, passing the $504 million made by “Beauty and the Beast” back in the spring.
“The Last Jedi” posted the biggest Friday-to-Friday drop of any “Star Wars” movie, falling 76 percent from its $104 million opening day total. But this weekend was the opposite, with Friday’s $19 million from 4,232 screens being only a 23 percent drop — the second lowest ever for a film with a $100 million-plus opening behind “Rogue One” — while the film made $52.4 million in its third weekend, just a 25 percent drop. The combination of a $220 million opening weekend and a second weekend in which the typically slow Christmas Eve fell on a Sunday exacerbated the first weekend drop, but “Star Wars” has made up that loss with strong holds on what has been a very robust New Year’s weekend.
Also Read: Disney's 'Star Wars' Movies Have Already Earned Back $4 Billion Lucasfilm Investment at Box Office
But “Star Wars” isn’t the only film giving movie theaters a reason to smile. “Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle” is also proving to be a moneymaker, as it finished just a step behind “Last Jedi” with an estimated second weekend of $50.5 million. New Year’s Day estimates will push that total to $70 million, giving it an estimated running total of $186 million through the end of Monday. Strong word of mouth has helped the film pick up steam with family audiences coming out of Christmas Day, with four-day estimates showing a 26 percent boost over the $55.4 million made over Christmas weekend.
Another film that is increasing its numbers this weekend is Fox/Chernin Entertainment’s “The Greatest Showman,” which had a disappointing start last weekend but is now looking at a $15.4 million second weekend, a 75 percent jump. Include Monday’s estimates, the Hugh Jackman musical is looking at a four-day total of $20.5 million, a 43 percent increase, for a total of $54.1 million.
While Universal’s “Pitch Perfect 3” didn’t boost its numbers this weekend, it also posted solid numbers and will stay in third place, sitting between “Jumanji” and “Showman” with a $17.7 million 3-day/$22.7 million 4-day total, a drop off of just 14 percent that will give it a total by Monday’s end of just under $70 million. Fox/Blue Sky’s “Ferdinand” completes the top five with $11.5 million three-day/$15 million four-day to bring its three weekend total through Monday to $57 million.
In total, the holiday season has been a very fruitful one for theaters, as domestic totals since the release of “Last Jedi” on Dec. 15 have topped $1 billion, pushing the annual total over $11 billion for the third year in a row despite the worst summer box office season in 11 years. 2018 is expected to see a flip in that trend, as Disney is pushing their next “Star Wars” release, “Solo,” up to May. Without the boost of X-Wings and lightsabers behind it, 2018’s holiday season should see a major drop-off from this year, but that should be made up for with a stacked summer lineup that includes “Solo,” “Avengers: Infinity War” and “Deadpool 2.”
15 Best Stories Ever Told in the 'Star Wars' Universe (Photos)
With 40 years of movies, TV shows, comics, video games, novels and reference books, you'd be hard-pressed to ever run out of stories to read about the "Star Wars" universe, past and present. It's a big universe out there, and every story told in it is connected to all the others. Big stories are told as many different smaller ones, and small stories are told as chunks of a bigger picture.
These are the best chunks, big or small, in the history of the "Star Wars" universe.
15. The Rise of Admiral Daala in the "Jedi Academy Trilogy"
After "Return of the Jedi" in the version of the "Star Wars" continuity before Disney bought Lucasfilm, the Empire fractured into a bunch of splinter governments led by self-proclaimed rulers who would make up new titles for themselves like "high admiral" or "warlord" while still maintaining the pretense of Imperial legitimacy. Daala (a woman!) decided to try to bring it back together, and eventually was able to do so -- for a short time at least. Her brilliant machinations were a compelling as hell tale, and one of author Kevin J Anderson's only good contributions to "Star Wars" lore.
14. The Black Fleet Crisis
This is not referring to the "Black Fleet Crisis Trilogy" as a whole, since two of the three main narrative arcs in those books are unrelated to the event in "Star Wars" lore known as the Black Fleet Crisis.
The Crisis is great because it's the sort of cool scifi story that checks a lot of boxes simultaneously. In particular: unknowable alien force you've never heard of, weird galactic political intrigue with lots of backstabs from said alien force, and a grand mystery regarding how those aliens came to power in the first place. It's a really interesting scenario.
13. Darth Vader's Secret Apprentice
The "Star Wars" universe is full of stories about good apprentices going bad and wreaking havoc on the good guys, but we've very rarely gotten the inverse. That made "The Force Unleashed" a really novel experience. You play as Darth Vader's secret apprentice in the years between the original and prequel trilogies. You're a dark side force user and soldier for the Empire who goes rogue in a really epic way.
12. "X-Wing Alliance"
You're Ace, and you work for your family shipping company. You fly a freighter doing pretty boring things, until your dad's sympathies for the Rebel Alliance come back to bite the whole family in the ass.
You know how this goes: the Empire brings the hammer down, you join the Rebellion as a fighter pilot. But maybe the entire family isn't on board with facing down the Empire. This is the only "Star Wars" space combat simulator that gives you a personal story, and it turned out to be a great idea.
11. Admiral Thrawn
Not specifically thinking of Timothy Zahn's Thrawn trilogy here, but the story of Thrawn's life as a whole and his lasting legacy in the Expanded Universe. This guy was such a genius that even a decade after his death the plans he'd laid out were threatening to tear apart the fledgling New Republic. His fingerprints are everywhere.
10. The Battle of Borleaias
Late in the "New Jedi Order," famed Rebel hero Wedge Antilles is charged with holding the planet Borleias from the Yuuzhan Vong, and it's one hell of a thing. Massively outgunned, Wedge pulls a whole lot of seat-of-your-pants gambits out of his ass -- and this pair of books, authored by the late fan favorite Aaron Allston, is full of great and witty dialogue of the sort you just never got from other "Star Wars" authors.
9. Wedge and Friends Go to Adumar
As the war against the Empire winds down, Rebel hero Wedge Antilles and pals Tycho, Hobbie and Janso, are sent as diplomats to a newly discovered planet full of people who pretty don't give a shit about anyone who isn't a fighter pilot. If that sounds like a sitcom scenario, that's because it basically is. And it's great, incessantly funny and very awkward -- a great little side story that's as witty as they get in this universe.
8. Wraith Squadron
The story of the Wraiths, told over three books, is unique among "Star Wars" stories in a lot of ways. It follows famed Rebel pilot Wedge Antilles as he assembles a hybrid starfighter/footsoldier squadron of emotionally unstable washouts -- the idea being that such a group, when given some operational leeway, might approach apparently normal war scenarios in really unpredictable ways, and that's exactly what happens. It's the most human of all the "Star Wars" stories, full of truth.
7. The Tale of the Imperial Agent in "The Old Republic"
Many of the most interesting "Star Wars" stories are those that focus on characters who can't use the Force, and this is one of those. You play as a spy for the Sith Empire (thousands of years before the movies), doing awesome wartime spy stuff. And you get caught up in a galactic conspiracy to destroy both the Republic and Empire -- by a secret society tired of Force-using factions starting all these galaxy-spanning wars. It's a compelling-as-hell hook.
6. The Rise and Fall and Rise of Revan
Thousands of years before the movies, Revan was a Jedi who led the Republic military against invading Mandalorians -- only to turn to the dark side and wage his own war on the Republic, before turning away from the dark and defeating his own armies. That's the very short, very incomplete version. The story of Revan is thoroughly fascinating and ends up lasting hundreds of years across two video games ("Knights of the Old Republic) and a pile of books and comics.
5. The Jabba's Palace Heist in "Return of the Jedi"
It's become clear in the last few years that a lot of folks never really got what Luke, Leia, Lando and Chewie were doing during the first portion of "Return of the Jedi" -- and now we have all these thinkpieces about how it was reckless and haphazard. But no, that shit was an impeccable heist. They had a plan, and they pulled it off flawlessly and in style.
4. The Dark Wars
This story was told in the video game "Knights of the Old Republic 2: The Sith Lords" -- a former Jedi who was exiled from the Order returns to known space only to find the Jedi gone from civilization and a pair of mysterious Sith lords wreaking havoc all over. It's a rare "Star Wars" noir story, and it's quite a doozy.
3. "Traitor"
In the '90s the "Star Wars" Expanded Universe got really moralistic and stuffy, and "Traitor" was a total refutation of that approach. It's the darkest "Star Wars" story ever written, but it serves a positive agenda in the end: one that asserts that maybe the Force isn't black and white and the Jedi don't need to stand around wondering about the moral implications of every little thing they do. It was a really great change for storytelling in the EU, and it's nice that it appears "The Last Jedi" might take a similar patch.
2. "Star Wars"
The one that started it all is a silly, not-particularly-well-thought-out movie, but it's tight as hell and covers all the ground it needs to. It establishes a completely new universe so casually, making it feel from the very beginning that this is a real, lived-in place. Everything you need to know about what's going on is right there.
1. "The Empire Strikes Back"
The lesson J.J. Abrams and friends should have learned from "The Empire Strikes Back" widely considered the best "Star Wars" movie, is that you don't make a"Star Wars" movie that stands the test of time by aping previous ones -- you have to go somewhere new. "Empire" functions as a total counter to the first movie, and that's why it's a perfect sequel.
There are more “Star Wars” stories than even you can imagine, even if you think you can imagine quite a bit. These are the best ones
How Those Adorable Porgs in ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ Got Their Squawk
By Umberto Gonzalez | December 30, 2017 @ 12:48 PM
Composer John Williams to Write Theme for ‘Solo: A Star Wars Story’
By Umberto Gonzalez | December 30, 2017 @ 9:53 AM
Disney’s ‘Star Wars’ Movies Have Already Earned Back $4 Billion Lucasfilm Investment at Box Office
By Sean Burch | December 29, 2017 @ 8:49 AM
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Professor R.F. Jean Ducruet, S.J.
Jean Ducruet was born on the 25th of February 1922 in Bourg-en-Bresse (France). He received his baccalaureate degree in 1941, and at the age of 21 entered the Jesuit Order in Mongré in November of 1942.
After a forced stay in Germany between 1942 and 1945, during which he carried out compulsory work, Ducruet resumed his education: he studied Arabic in Bikfaya (Lebanon) between 1948 and 1950 and received an undergraduate degree in law in 1951 (from both Beirut and Lyon). In 1953, he earned another undergaduate degree in philosophy (Chantilly) before earning yet another in theology in 1957 (Fourvière, Lyon). In 1960, he received his PhD in Economic Sciences (Paris).
He was ordained priest in the French city of Lyon on the 31st of July 1956. He pursued his studies in Connecticut, USA, and took his final vows in Vanves (France) on the 15th of August 1960. In the same year, he settled in Lebanon where he became a professor of Economics. He then became an advisor to the Faculties of Law and Economic and Administrative Sciences at USJ. He subsequently served as Rector of the University from 1975 until 1995.
He was appointed Managing Director by the French Hospital Association at the Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital in Beirut in 1981. He served as Chairman of the hospital’s Board of Directors from 1984 until 2001. He was also director of the USJ University Center for Ethics between 1995 and 2010, as well as spiritual counselor of the Society of the Sacred Heart (congrégation des Sœurs des Saints-Cœurs).
In 2001, he was appointed Vice-President of the Lebanese National Advisory Ethics Committee for the Life Sciences and Health.
He passed away on the 10th of March 2010 in Beirut.
R.F. Jean Ducruet published several works on various subjects, all in French:
Les capitaux européens au Proche Orient, Paris, PUF, coll. «Études économiques internationales», 1964, 468 pages.
Un siècle de coopération franco-libanaise au service des professions de la santé, Beirut, USJ Publications, 1992, 467 pages.
Livre d'Or des Facultés des sciences médicales et infirmières, 1883-1983, Beirut, USJ Publications, 1992, 440 pages.
Livre d'Or de la Faculté de droit, sciences politiques et économiques, 1913-1993, Beirut, USJ Publications, 1995, 430 pages.
L'Université et la Cité, Beirut, USJ Publications, 1995, 310 pages.
Livre d'Or de la Faculté d'ingénierie, 1919-1999, Beirut, USJ Publications, 1999, 430 pages.
L'Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth et ses institutions, 1875-2002 (in collaboration with Henri Owit), Beirut, USJ Publications, 2006, 100 pages in French – 162 pages in Arabic.
Le service de la santé au Liban. Histoire, législation, institutions, état de santé de la population et prestations de soins, système et politique de la santé, Beirut, USJ Publications, 2009, 327 pages.
Le respect de l'éthique dans le domaine de la vie humaine, Beirut, USJ Publications, 2010, 230 pages.
He also wrote dozens of articles and conducted extensive research in both French and Arabic, published in magazines:
Revue de l'Action populaire, Proche-Orient, Etudes Economiques, Travaux et Jours, and el-Machriq magazine.
Newsletter / USJ Culture
Newsletter / USJ Nouvelles
©2017 Tous droits réservés - Université Saint-Joseph
Photos Album
Dîner annuel 2019
Cérémonie de remise des diplômes de la FGM et de l'IGE
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Subscribe to Naval History
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Headlines blared and tensions flared as the world stood on the brink of Armageddon in the fall of 1962. A U.S. aircraft monitoring ship traffic in and out of Cuba captured the photo of a Soviet ship exiting with eight canvas-covered missiles visible on her decks.
New York Daily News/Getty Images; U.S. Naval Institute Photo Archive
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NH Article
Thomas B. Allen is the author or coauthor of several books on military and intelligence subjects, including Declassified: 50 Top-Secret Documents that Changed History (National Geographic, 2008) and Rickover: Father ...
On Our Scope
In October 1962, President John F. Kennedy called on the U.S. Navy to play a crucial role in what would be the most tension-filled superpower showdown of the Cold War. ...
Looking Back - Enterprise at Fifty
By Paul Stillwell
During World War II, the war-ship that made the largest contribution to victory in the Pacific was the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6)—hands down. By war’s end, though, newer and ...
VT-8 at MidwayJonathan Parshall-Regarding remarks by Commander William E. Brooks Jr. under “‘Real’ Mystery of Midway” in your August issue (“In Contact,” p. 9), there are several problems ...
Naval History News
Ongoing Bonhomme Richard Search an International EffortA joint U.S.-French research team spent three weeks in late May and early June on the latest expedition to locate one of the holy ...
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The Aeromarine Plane and Motor Company of Keyport, New Jersey, was one of numerous small aircraft firms that existed in the early 20th century, providing various airplanes, in mostly small ...
Historic Fleets - 'The Good Ship Dale'
By Robert J. Cressman
In May 1846, 33-year-old Lieutenant Tunis A. M. Craven, U.S. Navy, a married father of six children, received orders to the 16-gun sloop-of-war Dale. Under Commander William W. McKean, ...
‘Mister President, the Navy Will Not Let You Down’
By Tom Allen
U.S. Navy ships and aircraft were on the front line of the Cold War's most nail-biting standoff.
The Soviet Navy’s Caribbean Outpost
The Cuban Missile Crisis may have dashed Soviets' hopes of a massive Cuba-based force, but their presence would still be felt in the ensuing years.
Firebrand of the Union Navy
Second Lieutenant Zachary Schwartz, U.S. Marine Corps
He was the epitome of dash, daring, and élan, but the legendary Civil War hero William Cushing could be his own worst enemy.
Reflections on the Special Relationship
John F. Lehman Jr.
When Britain went to war over the Falklands, bonds forged by two world wars and three centuries of shared history led the United States to lend a hand.
The Challenging Life of a Patriot Captain
J. Phillip London
Revolutionary War officer, first captain of the Constitution—Samuel Nicholson was one of the pioneers of early American naval history.
Japan's Sea Lords in the South Pacific
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The admirals knew each other in their academy days, and now they were off to Guadalcanal—no, we're talking about the Japanese officers.
The Last Gunfights
By Lieutenant Commander Rex McCoy, U.S. Navy (Retired)
As the gun crews of the 1972 Freedom Train/Linebacker raids shot it out wit North Vietnamese batteries, the fire's roar signaled the end of an era.
Enterprise: America’s Fightingest Ship and the Men Who Helped Win World War IIBarrett Tillman. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012. 320 pp. Illus. Maps. Bibliographical references. Index. $29.99. ...
Museum Report - Presenting the “Full Glory” of the War of 1812
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An excellent museum exhibit on the impact on Maryland of the War of 1812 is on display at the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore. Here is a fine example of ...
Naval History Digital Edition
A digital edition of the October issue of Naval History is available for current USNI members to view. The magazine image below is a link to the online magazine and ...
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New Capacities: Norwich is a collective impact initiative convened and funded by United Way of Southeastern Connecticut. It began with a request from the City of Norwich in November 2016 asking United Way to take the lead on an opportunity to promote economic growth. United Way secured funding, convened a team of cross-sector partners, and designed a project to achieve systems-level change that would increase the number of financially-stable households.
What began as a meeting between United Way and the City of Norwich is now an initiative comprised of sixteen organizations and growing, including nonprofits, city departments, businesses, residents, and funders. The plan is the culmination of a year of training, learning, meetings, one-on-one discussions, and community conversations with input from over 450 people all committed to seeing Norwich thrive.
IMPACT: In ten years, the number of financially stable households will increase to 66%.
WHY NORWICH
Norwich was ready. The city was a champion for the cause, resources were available, and the team recognized the urgency for system-change. Fifty-four percent of Norwich households cannot afford basic needs. This means that over half of the population struggles day-to-day to make ends meet. The cost of living in Norwich for a family of four is $77,832 yet the median household income in Norwich is significantly less, $51,758.
Rapid industrial growth transformed Norwich into a modern urban center by the early 20th century. What was once known as the Millionaire’s Triangle, Norwich has had economic challenges since the end of World War II. These challenges, compounded by the recession of 2008 explain why economic recovery and a skills gap are at the forefront of issues that need to be addressed. Since the recession, the job market has shifted in favor of the job seeker. For example, Electric Boat alone expects to hire between 15,000-18,000 employees by 2030. While jobs are available in high-growth sectors, employers are struggling to fill these jobs.
The post-industrial challenges of Norwich and a growing skills gap are a microcosm of a national issue. However, what sets Norwich apart is not its challenges but its unique assets. Norwich is a diverse, multi-cultural city with a small town feel. Norwich offers a unique mix of history, educational choices, economic opportunities, and social support. With dedicated community partners committed to its success, Norwich has the pieces needed and this project is assembling the puzzle.
COLLECTIVE STRATEGIES
The Project Partners designed a community-driven plan incorporating the key components of collective impact: combining of resources, continuous communication, data-sharing, and improving systems.
Strategy 1: Align the education system with workforce needs to effectively respond to employer demand in our growing and changing workforce.
Strategy 2: Create an inclusive, interconnected, and economically self-determined community.
For more information contact Project Specialist Lindsay Poulos at lindsay.poulos@uwsect.org or 860.464.3338.
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China Ups Surveillance State Ante with Latest Tech
Wes Kohler
Feb 8, 2018 12:56PM
China is cementing its reputation as the modern Soviet-era Russia with unparalleled levels of surveillance and Orwellian social-engineering systems. Already a nation where few citizens can avoid constant surveillance in public spaces, facial-recognition glasses and body cameras have only heightened the sense of paranoia that exudes from the government’s insistence on treating its people like pre-criminals.
Even before the announcement that police would have access to Google-glass like tech that connects to a police database in order to identify alleged, wanted criminals through facial recognition, China had encroached upon a level of citizen-monitoring nobody would be comfortable being subjected to. The nation plans on having over 600 million CCTV cameras installed by 2020, with most of those cameras fully equipped with facial recognition technology. By that time, the eye in the sky will cease to be the stuff of science fiction. It will be an unavoidable reality for Chinese citizens and tourists.
It’s an exponential growth in the scope of surveillance that should be concerning to citizens round the globe. As recently as 2013, news reports marveled at the fact that the Chinese government was in the process of installing 20 million cameras nation-wide. Only seven years later, 30 times that amount will be in constant operation, with the sophistication to track each citizen’s every move in public. While China represents the height of the modern surveillance state, it may serve merely as the exemplar for leaders and nations with similar desire for control of increasing populations.
After all, control is at the root of power, and a desire for power is at the core of nearly every human being, if not all. Dismissing China’s current state of affairs, and the inevitable escalation in surveillance to come, as a contained instance not to be fretted upon would be naïve.
And, once one does thoroughly consider the extent to which China has gone in monitoring and attempting to control its population, it becomes abundantly evident that such a system is to be warded off at all costs.
Consider China’s citizen score, introduced to the world in 2016. The score is based on criteria that is highly personal, and can affect virtually every facet that dictates quality of life, from the ability to get a loan to which schools your child will be admitted to and who will go out with you. As public information, it’s the ultimate tool to shame people into falling into a tidy line based on what the government determines is correct and proper. The language used to justify the system is as cloaked in doublespeak as you may expect.
‘It is the scenario contained in China's ambitious plans to develop a far-reaching social credit system, a plan that the Communist Party hopes will build a culture of “sincerity” and a “harmonious socialist society” where “keeping trust is glorious.”’ (The Independent)
But a citizen score may seem like nothing for those who live in the Western Chinese province of Xinjiang. This province is the epicenter of government intrusion in daily life, as it is not only in crucial geographical position for Chinese foreign affairs, but also contains a relatively large population of a Muslim minority group called Uighurs. Uighurs feel that their presence represents a perceived threat to the Chinese government, and is the underlying reason why Xinjiang has become the face of Chinese surveillance, both in person and via technology in the sky.
The Wall Street Journal documented (both in video and written form) what everyday life in Xinjiang is like for all citizens in late 2017. Twice-a-day frisking, the expectation that you show identification in all public spaces, and police booths stationed only a couple hundred yards apart are some of the most overt indicators of the certifiable police state that Xinjiang has become. Not even your smartphone is off limits to the authorities, who can search it at will for signs that you are using an encrypted app, have committed a crime, or taken pictures that you shouldn’t have. Not even the local pumping station is sacred: ‘To fill up with gas, drivers must first swipe their ID cards and stare into a camera.’ (WSJ)
But one can’t quantify the impact that such authoritarian intrusion in daily life has on innocent people until they see life through a personal perspective.
‘When fruit vendor Parhat Imin swiped his card at a telecommunications office this summer to pay an overdue phone bill, his photo popped up with an “X.” Since then, he says, every scan of his ID card sets off an alarm. He isn’t sure what it signifies, but figures he is on some kind of government watch list because he is a Uighur and has had intermittent run-ins with the police.
He says he is reluctant to travel for fear of being detained. “They blacklisted me,” he says. “I can’t go anywhere.”’ (WSJ)
This personal perspective serves to reinforce the seriousness with which we must regard personal privacy and surveillance ‘for safety’s sake’. Like anything, surveillance is a slippery slope, especially when the global population has let its guard down to the extent that it has. We are so used to training the camera on ourselves that a police officer doing the same through a pair of sunglasses or a body camera may not even make us think twice.
‘Police in China are now sporting glasses equipped with facial recognition devices and they're using them to scan train riders and plane passengers for individuals who may be trying to avoid law enforcement or are using fake IDs.’ (Engadget)
‘Between three and four thousand police officers in China are piloting panoramic body cameras with built-in facial recognition technology, the South China Morning Post reports. The cameras are provided by Beijing-based start-up Nebula Science and Technology, and provide “720 degree” high-definition footage to help police identify suspects and gather video evidence.’ (Biometric Update)
The unsettling reality is that the incorporation of the latest innovation in people-watching by Chinese authorities is no surprise to those who are skeptical of human nature. It’s only the logical stepping stone – certainly not a conclusion – for a nation that has been a police state years in the making. Don’t be foolish enough to think that such systems couldn’t, with time, arrive in a city near you.
Wes Kohler is a regular TrigTent contributor
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Morning Mix
Two new mysterious craters emerge in Siberia, deepening giant hole saga
This new crater in the Taz district, near the village of Antipayuta in Siberia, has a diameter of about 45 feet. (The Siberian Times)
By Terrence McCoy
Terrence McCoy
Reporter covering social issues
In a chaotic world of downed planes, ethnic unrest and missile strikes, international observers settled their attention elsewhere earlier this month. They looked north to Siberia, a land covered in snow and layered in permafrost, where a strange and giant crater had just ripped open the earth. At the time, no one knew where exactly the crater had come from, what was at its bottom, or how it had come to be.
There are sure to be even more questions now.
Two new craters have emerged in Siberia, deepening the giant hole saga. Though not as big as the first crater, which extended hundreds of feet in diameter, these new craters are just as strange.
One of the newly discovered holes is near the original — in a land referred to by locals as “the end of the world.” It’s around 45 feet in diameter and formed under unknown conditions. Same goes for the other new crater, which has a diameter of 13 feet, a depth of between 200 and 330 feet and was discovered by “mystified” herders near the village of Nosok in the icy Krasnoyarsk region.
“It is not like this is the work of men,” one expert explained to the Siberian Times, which has been hot on the giant crater story from the get-go. “But [it] also doesn’t look like natural formation.”
Even politicians have been drawn by the brouhaha. “I flew by helicopter to inspect this funnel on July 19,” local lawmaker Mikhail Lapsui told the Siberian Times, saying it looks much like the original crater, only smaller, with a small ice lake at its base. “There is also ground outside, as if it was thrown as a result of an underground explosion.”
Taymyr Peninsula, to the east of Yamal, in the Kransoyark region. It was accidentally discovered by local herders, inhabitants of the northern village of Nosok. The funnel is a perfectly formed cone, say locals who are mystified at how it was formed. Its depth is estimated at between 200 and 330 feet and the diameter is more than 13 feet. (The Siberian Times)
Locals can’t seem to get their stories straight over what happened, he explained. “According to local residents, the hole formed on September 27, 2013. Observers give several versions. According to the first, initially the place was smoking and then there was a bright flash. In the second version, a celestial body fell there.”
A bright flash? A “celestial” body? Can science help out this mess?
“Undoubtedly, we need to study all such formations,” Marina Leibman, the chief scientist of the Earth Cryosphere Institute, told URA.RU. “It is necessary to be able to predict their occurrence. Each new funnel provides additional information for scientists.”
There’s been no shortage of theories. Hypotheses have ranged from asteroids to an underground missile explosion to global warming, a melt of the permafrost. Scientist Anna Kurchatova, in an interview with the Siberian Times, suggested that melting could produce an effect similar to a champagne bottle when the cork pops, except on a giant scale.
Studies have indeed shown that the Arctic is heating up. Grist reports one paper in the Geophysical Research Papers suggests that the region hasn’t been so hot in the past 120,000 years. Still, even with more information than before on the Arctic region, it remains so distant a land that it can be difficult to get a good read on it.
“For that reason, the Arctic continually surprises scientists,” writes Slate’s Eric Holthaus. “Just like last week.”
Photos by The Siberian Times
Terrence McCoy Terrence McCoy covers social issues in urban and rural America. He joined The Washington Post in 2014. Follow
Opinion Trump has become the voice of insecure white Americans
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ICC: Trial of Kenyan VP to Open in Hague
By VOA News
William Ruto sits in the courtroom of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, Netherlands, May 14, 2013.
The International Criminal Court has rejected a request from Kenya's deputy president to begin his trial in Africa.
The ICC said Monday that the trial of Kenyan Deputy President William Ruto will commence September 10 at the ICC's headquarters in The Hague.
Ruto and co-accused Joshua Arap Sang are facing charges of crimes against humanity, for allegedly helping to organize deadly ethnic violence that followed Kenya's 2007 presidential election.
Defense lawyers had asked the ICC to hold at least parts of the trial in Kenya or neighboring Tanzania.
An ICC statement said judges favored the idea in principle but decided to hold the trial at the Hague because of several factors, including security, cost considerations, and the potential impact on victims and witnesses.
Monday's decision does not affect the trial of Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, who is also facing charges of crimes against humanity in connection with the Kenyan post-election violence.
Kenyatta's trial is due to begin November 12 in the Hague.
More than 1,100 people were killed and several hundred thousand displaced in riots and fighting that erupted across Kenya after the disputed 2007 election.
The president, his deputy and Sang are all cooperating with the ICC and appeared before the court in April 2011. All have denied the charges against them.
Despite the charges, Kenyatta won a first round victory in Kenya's March presidential election, with Ruto running as his deputy.
ICC Delays Trial of Kenyan President Until November
International Criminal Court says delay is aimed at giving Uhuru Kenyatta's defense enough time to prepare for trial
By Selah Hennessy
ICC May Open Trial of Kenya's Ruto in East Africa
The court Monday set a new trial date of September 10 for Ruto, who along with President Uhuru Kenyatta, faces charges of crimes against humanity
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Christian hymn unites Hong Kong protesters
By Linda Bloom
June 26, 2019 | UM News
The faithful sing religious songs outside the Legislative Council building in Hong Kong as they protest a proposed extradition bill with China. One hymn in particular, “Sing Hallelujah to the Lord,” has become an unofficial anthem, says Ben Ho, a Methodist from Hong Kong. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
A Christian hymn has become the focal point for Hong Kong protesters who gathered for three major demonstrations against a proposed law that would allow extraditions to mainland China.
For Ben Ho — a Methodist from Hong Kong — the adoption of “Sing Hallelujah to the Lord” by protesters and the hymn’s impact on defusing tensions has been nothing short of miraculous.
“This song becomes the anthem of the whole movement,” Ho told UM News. He has spent the past two semesters as a doctoral exchange student at the Yale University Divinity School.
The 36-year-old Ho and his wife, Sarah Yeung, have shared their perspectives about the situation in Hong Kong as part of the worshipping community at First and Summerfield United Methodist Church in New Haven, Connecticut. They also have been active in its student ministry, said the Rev. Vicki Flippin, pastor.
“Our congregation has long understood following Jesus to be inseparable from participation in liberation movements in our own community and around the world, and our church has shared in both the concern and hope that Ben and Sarah feel during this moment of turmoil on the streets of Hong Kong,” Flippin said.
Ben Ho, a Methodist from Hong Kong, talks about recent protests in Hong Kong during a worship service at First and Summerfield United Methodist Church in New Haven, Conn. Photo by Vicki Flippin.
Three massive demonstrations occurred over an eight-day period in June in the wake of fears that the extradition proposal would undermine Hong Kong’s rule of law. Ho said he expects further protests on June 26 and 28 and on July 1, which marks the date in 1997 that the sovereignty of Hong Kong was returned to China.
The crowd’s adoption of a U.S. hymn composed for Easter in 1974 by Linda Stassen-Benjamin — known as No. 2258, “Sing Alleluia to the Lord,” in the United Methodist hymnal collection “The Faith We Sing” — seemed unlikely, as a Reuters news story pointed out.
Ho, monitoring events in Hong Kong from New Haven, agreed. “For me, it’s a miracle.”
What happened, he said, was that a group of pastors organized a 72-hour prayer vigil for the situation in Hong Kong. On the night of June 11, after the prayers, some people started to sing the hymn, which has a simple, repetitive chorus: “Sing hallelujah to the Lord, sing hallelujah to the Lord, sing hallelujah, sing hallelujah, sing hallelujah to the Lord.”
That night, Ho added, “Amazingly, when they sing, they cannot stop. They sing for the whole night, about nine hours.”
The idea was to “make people peaceful and relax the tensions,” Ho said. But the anthem also has provided a spiritual support, he noted, as the protesters continue to demand action from the Hong Kong government and its chief executive, Carrie Lam.
Another concern of the protesters “is the overuse and abuse of power by the police,” Ho said. Human Rights Watch and others criticized the Hong Kong police for using excessive force, including tear gas and rubber bullets, to disperse protesters on June 12.
Their demands have support from some top Christian leaders. Both Cardinal John Tong, Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong, and the Rev. Eric So, chairman of the Hong Kong Christian Council, have called on Lam to withdraw the extradition bill and begin an independent inquiry into the police response to the protests, the New York Times reported.
The Chinese Methodist Church in the Wan Chai district is famous among both Christian and non-Christian protesters, Ho said, because of its geographic location on a fixed route for political demonstrations. “This church, for many Hong Kong people, becomes a kind of resting place,” he said.
Chinese Methodist Church served that purpose, for example, in 2014, during the student-led, pro-democracy demonstrations that grew into the “Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement.”
Ho, who said he has many good friends at the Chinese Methodist Church, became a Methodist about the same time. A Christian since childhood, he previously was part of a “very conservative” church, he noted, but later became attracted to Methodism and its commitment to engage in social issues. He is a member of the Methodist church in the Shatin district.
That desire to know more about what faith means in Hong Kong society also has led to his post-graduate religious studies. Ho expects to finish a doctorate in Christianity and theological studies at Chinese University of Hong Kong within the next year.
Before moving back to Hong Kong on June 28, Ho and Yeung were inspired to use the “Sing Hallelujah” anthem as a way for First and Summerfield Church to engage in an act of solidarity with the people of Hong Kong and shared their idea with the pastor.
Churches in other parts of the world have done the same. “The whole thing is arousing international attention,” Ho explained, noting that the anthem not only refers to events in Hong Kong but also “is about justice and the real peace.”
First and Summerfield’s congregational hymn sing at the end of Sunday worship June 23 was recorded as a video for the church’s Facebook page. “It was a touching way for us to say goodbye to these siblings in Christ,” Flippin said.
Bloom is the assistant news editor for United Methodist News Service and is based in New York.
Follow her at https://twitter.com/umcscribe or contact her at 615-742-5470 or newsdesk@umcom.org. To read more United Methodist news, subscribe to the free Daily or Weekly Digests.
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Small church with big heart supports missions at home and around the world.
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Lithuanian lawmaker warns Russian MPs may use PACE resolution to bypass EU personal sanctions
The resolution is expected to be adopted on Monday, June 24.
Lithuanian lawmaker Emanuelis Zingeris warns that members of Russia's State Duma may use a Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) resolution to bypass EU personal sanctions.
"On Monday, during the plenary session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) in Strasbourg, it will be voted on a resolution that would open the way for a unilateral return of the Russian delegation to the PACE – i.e. full voting rights will be returned to the Russian delegation. The Russian delegation's rights were limited due to annexation of Ukraine's Crimean peninsula and violations of the Council of Europe Statute in 2014 and 2015," he said on Facebook on June 23.
Read alsoCouncil of Europe chief proposes changes to rules to ensure return of Russian delegation
According to him, it appears that four of 18 members of the new Russian delegation – i.e. Igor Lebedev (List No 114 of Decision 2014/145), Leonid Kalashnikov (List No 110 of Decision 2014/145), Svetlana Sergeevna (List No 116 of Decision 2014/145) and Leonid Slutsky (List No 18 of Decision 2014/145) – are under EU personal sanctions over Russia's aggression against Ukraine – a ban on entry into the EU (not valid for international organizations).
"It is obvious that Russia tries to use the PACE to bypass these EU personal sanctions," he said. "I want to remind that Russia has not fulfilled no one PACE resolution on the situation in Ukraine, does not comply with the Minsk agreements and continues its aggressive behavior in respect of Ukraine."
He adds that Ukrainian seamen seized in the Kerch Strait continue to be held in prison. Illegal "passporting" is carried out in Donetsk and Luhansk where Russian passports are issued to the residents of eastern Ukraine under a simplified procedure.
"It is, therefore, very important that the members of the PACE would remain principled and not support the resolution allowing the Russian delegation to return to the PACE. Otherwise, it would not only undermine the authority of this organization, but would also provide an additional argument for Russia to seek the cancellation of EU sanctions," he said.
As UNIAN reported earlier, the PACE on April 10, 2014, deprived the Russian delegation of its voting rights in the body over Russian aggression against Ukraine. The Russian delegation also lost the rights to be represented in the Bureau of the Assembly, the PACE Presidential Committee, the PACE Standing Committee, and the rights to participate in election-observation missions.
Russia in June 2017 cancelled its annual payment to the Council of Europe for 2017 after claiming its 18 delegates were being "persecuted" in response to the illegal annexation of Ukraine's Crimea. The Russian side warned that no future payments would be made until the rights of the Russian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe "are fully restored."
On May 17, 2019, the foreign ministers of more than 30 states (from 47 member states of the Council of Europe) spoke in favor of the equal participation of all member states in the organization's statutory bodies, which could lead to the lifting of anti-Russian sanctions.
On June 3, the PACE Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs adopted a draft resolution providing for a more sophisticated procedure for imposing sanctions against national delegations in the Assembly.
This draft resolution should finally be approved by the Assembly on June 24.
The Ukrainian delegation asks Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to instruct the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine to take the necessary measures to prevent the Russian delegation from returning to the PACE.
Tags: #Russia#PACE
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Foreword Henk Borgdorff in book "Artists in the University-Positioning Artistic Research in Higher Education"
In 2017 the book Artists in the University-Positioning Artistic Research in Higher Education by Jenny Wilson was published by Springer. Prof.dr. Henk Borgdorff wrote the foreword, which includes part of his inaugural lecture.
On February 10 2017 prof.dr. Henk Borgdorff gave his inaugural lecture Reasoning through Art. Research in the arts is often compared to other forms of scientific research. Borgdorff believes that's unfortunate. 'Artistic research is absolutely one of the front lines of academia.'
‘People often claim that research in the arts is equivalent to other forms of scientific research. For me, that's an unfortunate assumption. By stressing this equivalence, you are claiming in the same breath that they are not the same. Even more so, it suggests an implicit hierarchy between serious and second-class research - and that while art research belongs to academia, and is even one of the front lines of research.'
Artists in the University-Positioning Artistic Research in Higher Education focuses on the relationship between the university and a particular cohort of academic staff in Australia: those in visual and performing arts disciplines who joined the university sector in the 1990s. It explores how artistic researchers have been accommodated in the Australian university management framework and the impact that this has had on their careers, identities, approaches to their practice and the final works that they produce.
Reasoning through Art
Henk Borgdorff Academic Director/ Professor of Theory of Research in the Arts
Academy of Creative and Performing Arts
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Keywords: Jewish immig... (17 Results)
Keywords: Jewish immigration x
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American Law, Jewish Solidarity
Libby Garland
in After They Closed the Gates: Jewish Illegal Immigration to the United States, 1921-1965
This chapter explores how established Jewish organizations confronted the legal conundrums the quota laws posed. It examines Jewish leaders’ responses to the illegal immigration of Jews over the ... More
This chapter explores how established Jewish organizations confronted the legal conundrums the quota laws posed. It examines Jewish leaders’ responses to the illegal immigration of Jews over the Mexico-Texas border and to the plight of Jews stranded in Europe with U.S visas rendered defunct by the Immigration Act of 1924. The quota laws posed new dilemmas for American Jewish leaders, pitting their desire to operate in solidarity with Jewish migrants against their need to be regarded as law-abiding Americans. Moreover, there were a number of gray areas that remained in the laws themselves. Jewish leaders exploited this lack of clarity in their efforts to shape the regime of U.S. immigration law as best they could. Whenever possible, they sought to engage in a strategic balancing act, trying to argue the cases of Jewish migrants without seeming to encourage or condone any law-breaking on the part of those migrants.Less
This chapter explores how established Jewish organizations confronted the legal conundrums the quota laws posed. It examines Jewish leaders’ responses to the illegal immigration of Jews over the Mexico-Texas border and to the plight of Jews stranded in Europe with U.S visas rendered defunct by the Immigration Act of 1924. The quota laws posed new dilemmas for American Jewish leaders, pitting their desire to operate in solidarity with Jewish migrants against their need to be regarded as law-abiding Americans. Moreover, there were a number of gray areas that remained in the laws themselves. Jewish leaders exploited this lack of clarity in their efforts to shape the regime of U.S. immigration law as best they could. Whenever possible, they sought to engage in a strategic balancing act, trying to argue the cases of Jewish migrants without seeming to encourage or condone any law-breaking on the part of those migrants.
Keywords: American Jewish leaders, El Paso, Emergency Committee on Jewish Refugees, illegal immigration, Jewish immigration, Jews, U.S. border, Louis Marshall, Martin Zielonka, quota laws
After They Closed the Gates: Jewish Illegal Immigration to the United States, 1921-1965
Stolen Borders tells the history of the Jewish illegal immigration occasioned by the nation-based, restrictive immigration quotas implemented by federal laws passed in 1921 and 1924. A chaotic ... More
Stolen Borders tells the history of the Jewish illegal immigration occasioned by the nation-based, restrictive immigration quotas implemented by federal laws passed in 1921 and 1924. A chaotic underground of illegal immigration emerged in the wake of these quota laws, which barred nearly all immigrants from Asia and most from southern and eastern Europe, people widely considered inferior and “undesirable.” In the years after the quotas, Jewish migrants sailed into New York with fake German passports and came into Florida from Cuba, hidden in the hold of boats loaded with contraband liquor. This book explores the responses that government officials, journalists, Jewish organizations, alien smugglers, and migrants themselves had to this unsanctioned flow of people over U.S. borders. Ultimately, Stolen Borders challenges a central narrative of U.S. historiography—the narrative of the “closing of the gates” to European immigrants in 1924. It demonstrates that the “gates” did not simply close. Rather, the reordering of the nation’s boundaries in the quota era happened unevenly, confusedly, and with much contention. The book also traces the process through which Jews came to be associated with, and then to be uncoupled from, “illegal alienness.” We know in retrospect that Jews, like other European ethnics, ultimately escaped the category of “illegal alienness”—despite their history of illegal entry—in a way that, for example, Mexicans have not. How this happened has been less well understood. Yet, in its twists and turns this story offers compelling insights into the contingent nature of citizenship, belonging, and Americanness.Less
After They Closed the Gates : Jewish Illegal Immigration to the United States, 1921-1965
Stolen Borders tells the history of the Jewish illegal immigration occasioned by the nation-based, restrictive immigration quotas implemented by federal laws passed in 1921 and 1924. A chaotic underground of illegal immigration emerged in the wake of these quota laws, which barred nearly all immigrants from Asia and most from southern and eastern Europe, people widely considered inferior and “undesirable.” In the years after the quotas, Jewish migrants sailed into New York with fake German passports and came into Florida from Cuba, hidden in the hold of boats loaded with contraband liquor. This book explores the responses that government officials, journalists, Jewish organizations, alien smugglers, and migrants themselves had to this unsanctioned flow of people over U.S. borders. Ultimately, Stolen Borders challenges a central narrative of U.S. historiography—the narrative of the “closing of the gates” to European immigrants in 1924. It demonstrates that the “gates” did not simply close. Rather, the reordering of the nation’s boundaries in the quota era happened unevenly, confusedly, and with much contention. The book also traces the process through which Jews came to be associated with, and then to be uncoupled from, “illegal alienness.” We know in retrospect that Jews, like other European ethnics, ultimately escaped the category of “illegal alienness”—despite their history of illegal entry—in a way that, for example, Mexicans have not. How this happened has been less well understood. Yet, in its twists and turns this story offers compelling insights into the contingent nature of citizenship, belonging, and Americanness.
Keywords: American Jewish history, illegal immigration, Jewish immigration, Jews, quota laws, border control, citizenship, migrant
Abolishing the Quotas
The Holocaust, the establishment of the state of Israel, the Cold War, postwar American prosperity and the American civil rights movement all recast debates about race, immigration, and law. Chapter ... More
The Holocaust, the establishment of the state of Israel, the Cold War, postwar American prosperity and the American civil rights movement all recast debates about race, immigration, and law. Chapter Six traces how these forces, along with ongoing American Jewish activism, helped redefine the relationship between Jews and U.S. immigration law, and complete the process of severing the association between Jews and illegal immigration. The new language of “refugees” helped to validate the claims that European migrants had on the nation. So did the 1965 abolition of the quota system, which had come to be seen as an embarrassing legacy of a racist past. During this same period, illegal immigration increasingly came to be defined as nearly synonymous with Mexican immigration, a racialized equation which, in turn, helped erase the history of the illegal European incursions of the prewar period.Less
The Holocaust, the establishment of the state of Israel, the Cold War, postwar American prosperity and the American civil rights movement all recast debates about race, immigration, and law. Chapter Six traces how these forces, along with ongoing American Jewish activism, helped redefine the relationship between Jews and U.S. immigration law, and complete the process of severing the association between Jews and illegal immigration. The new language of “refugees” helped to validate the claims that European migrants had on the nation. So did the 1965 abolition of the quota system, which had come to be seen as an embarrassing legacy of a racist past. During this same period, illegal immigration increasingly came to be defined as nearly synonymous with Mexican immigration, a racialized equation which, in turn, helped erase the history of the illegal European incursions of the prewar period.
Keywords: illegal immigration, racism, Immigration Act of 1965, Jewish immigration, Jews, quota laws, refugees
From Wandering Jew to Immigrant Ethnic: Musealizing Jewish Immigration
Robin Ostow
in Visualizing and Exhibiting Jewish Space and History
10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199934249.003.0006
History, History of Religion
This chapter examines exhibition of Jewish immigration in Jewish museums and immigration museums. These include those exhibitions in museums in western countries with large Jewish populations such as ... More
This chapter examines exhibition of Jewish immigration in Jewish museums and immigration museums. These include those exhibitions in museums in western countries with large Jewish populations such as the U.S., Canada, Australia, Great Britain, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany. This chapter explores points of dialogue and dissonance among exhibits in these museums and strategies of inclusion and exclusion in the exhibits and in the operations of the respective museums.Less
From Wandering Jew to Immigrant Ethnic : Musealizing Jewish Immigration
This chapter examines exhibition of Jewish immigration in Jewish museums and immigration museums. These include those exhibitions in museums in western countries with large Jewish populations such as the U.S., Canada, Australia, Great Britain, France, and the Federal Republic of Germany. This chapter explores points of dialogue and dissonance among exhibits in these museums and strategies of inclusion and exclusion in the exhibits and in the operations of the respective museums.
Keywords: exhibitions, Jewish immigration, U.S., Canada, Australia, Great Britain, France, Federal Republic of Germany
Smuggling in Jews
Chapter Three explores the underground of Jewish organizing around migration, namely the profit-driven world of Jewish alien smuggling. Like legitimate Jewish organizations, smuggling rings sought to ... More
Chapter Three explores the underground of Jewish organizing around migration, namely the profit-driven world of Jewish alien smuggling. Like legitimate Jewish organizations, smuggling rings sought to shape the ways the quota laws functioned in reality. The chapter demonstrates that there was a symbiotic relationship between government mechanisms of enforcement and smuggling networks. Each provided the other with a reason for being, and each shaped the strategies the other used to achieve their goals. Tracing the emergence of this underworld, moreover, sheds light on how the very act of migration increasingly came to be associated with criminality during this era, helping to create a national conception of the dangers posed by “smuggled aliens.”Less
Chapter Three explores the underground of Jewish organizing around migration, namely the profit-driven world of Jewish alien smuggling. Like legitimate Jewish organizations, smuggling rings sought to shape the ways the quota laws functioned in reality. The chapter demonstrates that there was a symbiotic relationship between government mechanisms of enforcement and smuggling networks. Each provided the other with a reason for being, and each shaped the strategies the other used to achieve their goals. Tracing the emergence of this underworld, moreover, sheds light on how the very act of migration increasingly came to be associated with criminality during this era, helping to create a national conception of the dangers posed by “smuggled aliens.”
Keywords: alien smuggling, criminality, illegal immigration, smuggled aliens, Jewish immigration, Jews, quota laws, border control
Illicit Journeys
Chapter Four examines Jewish migrants’ experiences with illegal immigration in the years following the quota laws, experiences that show the extent to which illegal immigration to the United States ... More
Chapter Four examines Jewish migrants’ experiences with illegal immigration in the years following the quota laws, experiences that show the extent to which illegal immigration to the United States was embedded in a complicated set of interactions between individuals and the newly established international regime of national borders and identity documents. Looking at individuals’ migration stories broadens the frame of reference beyond U.S. law, and beyond the moment in which migrants entered the United States illegally. This approach also demonstrates how unclear the boundaries between legal and illegal migration could be from the point of view of individuals struggling to make the best choices amidst the chaos and danger of post-World War I Europe. This chapter also examines the underworld of temporary “passing” in which illegal immigrants participated when they were smuggled into the country. Such masquerade challenged the fundamental categories of the quota laws even as it relied on them.Less
Chapter Four examines Jewish migrants’ experiences with illegal immigration in the years following the quota laws, experiences that show the extent to which illegal immigration to the United States was embedded in a complicated set of interactions between individuals and the newly established international regime of national borders and identity documents. Looking at individuals’ migration stories broadens the frame of reference beyond U.S. law, and beyond the moment in which migrants entered the United States illegally. This approach also demonstrates how unclear the boundaries between legal and illegal migration could be from the point of view of individuals struggling to make the best choices amidst the chaos and danger of post-World War I Europe. This chapter also examines the underworld of temporary “passing” in which illegal immigrants participated when they were smuggled into the country. Such masquerade challenged the fundamental categories of the quota laws even as it relied on them.
Keywords: identity documents, illegal immigration, migrants, Jewish immigration, Jews, quota laws, passing, alien smuggling
Battling Alien Registration
Chapter Five explores the issue of internal “border control” in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. It investigates the battles over alien registration laws requiring all non-naturalized ... More
Chapter Five explores the issue of internal “border control” in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. It investigates the battles over alien registration laws requiring all non-naturalized foreigners to register with the government. American Jews consistently opposed these laws and led the fight against their passage and implementation. This chapter, which focuses in particular on the fate of a state alien registration law passed in Michigan in 1931, argues that Jews ultimately escaped the specter of illegal alienness in part through their own political efforts in the face of such controversies.Less
Chapter Five explores the issue of internal “border control” in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. It investigates the battles over alien registration laws requiring all non-naturalized foreigners to register with the government. American Jews consistently opposed these laws and led the fight against their passage and implementation. This chapter, which focuses in particular on the fate of a state alien registration law passed in Michigan in 1931, argues that Jews ultimately escaped the specter of illegal alienness in part through their own political efforts in the face of such controversies.
Keywords: alien registration, Communists, Detroit, illegal immigration, internal border control, Jewish immigration, Jews, Michigan, quota laws
Colonial Land Policies in Palestine, 1917–1936
Martin Bunton
History, Middle East History
This book focuses on the way in which the Palestine Mandate was part of a broader British imperial administration — a fact often masked by Jewish immigration and land purchase in Palestine. The ... More
This book focuses on the way in which the Palestine Mandate was part of a broader British imperial administration — a fact often masked by Jewish immigration and land purchase in Palestine. The book's research reveals clear links to colonial practice in India, Sudan, and Cyprus amongst other places. It argues that land officials’ views on sound land management were derived from their own experiences of rural England, and that this was far more influential on the shaping of land policies than the promise of a Jewish National Home. The book reveals how the British were intent on preserving the status quo of Ottoman land law, which (when few Britons could read Ottoman or were well grounded in its legal codes) led to a series of translations, interpretations, and hence new applications of land law. The sense of importance the British attributed to their work surveying and registering properties and transactions is captured in the efforts of British officials to microfilm all of their records at the height of the Second World War. Despite this, however, land policies remained in flux.Less
This book focuses on the way in which the Palestine Mandate was part of a broader British imperial administration — a fact often masked by Jewish immigration and land purchase in Palestine. The book's research reveals clear links to colonial practice in India, Sudan, and Cyprus amongst other places. It argues that land officials’ views on sound land management were derived from their own experiences of rural England, and that this was far more influential on the shaping of land policies than the promise of a Jewish National Home. The book reveals how the British were intent on preserving the status quo of Ottoman land law, which (when few Britons could read Ottoman or were well grounded in its legal codes) led to a series of translations, interpretations, and hence new applications of land law. The sense of importance the British attributed to their work surveying and registering properties and transactions is captured in the efforts of British officials to microfilm all of their records at the height of the Second World War. Despite this, however, land policies remained in flux.
Keywords: Palestine Mandate, British imperial administration, Jewish immigration, land purchase, colonial practice, land management, rural England, land policies, Jewish National Home, Ottoman land law
‘If I Forget Thee, Oh Jerusalem!’
Gabriel Sheffer
in Moshe Sharett: Biography of a Political Moderate
Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Toward the end of 1949, the first year of its independence, the Israeli government was forced to deal with menacing developments on both the international and the internal fronts. On the ... More
Toward the end of 1949, the first year of its independence, the Israeli government was forced to deal with menacing developments on both the international and the internal fronts. On the international plane, the government was primarily worried by the escalating Cold War. This deterioration was created by the growing awareness of the Soviet Union becoming a super power, of its nuclear capability, and its firm control over the Eastern bloc, which in turn caused the Americans to formulate and adhere to the doctrine of containment and to redeploy some of their forces in new bases in what became known as the Northern Tier and in the core Middle East. Consequently the Israelis became aware that escalation in the Cold War might affect Israel's ability to maintain its policy of non-alignment, and thereby create far-reaching effects on several aspects of its international politics, including weapons supply by and Jewish immigration from the Eastern bloc on the one hand, and American aid on the other.Less
Toward the end of 1949, the first year of its independence, the Israeli government was forced to deal with menacing developments on both the international and the internal fronts. On the international plane, the government was primarily worried by the escalating Cold War. This deterioration was created by the growing awareness of the Soviet Union becoming a super power, of its nuclear capability, and its firm control over the Eastern bloc, which in turn caused the Americans to formulate and adhere to the doctrine of containment and to redeploy some of their forces in new bases in what became known as the Northern Tier and in the core Middle East. Consequently the Israelis became aware that escalation in the Cold War might affect Israel's ability to maintain its policy of non-alignment, and thereby create far-reaching effects on several aspects of its international politics, including weapons supply by and Jewish immigration from the Eastern bloc on the one hand, and American aid on the other.
Keywords: Soviet Union, nuclear capability, Northern Tier, Cold War, core Middle East, Jewish immigration
“Give Up the Illusion of Building a Jewish Homeland” (1936)
Samuel Weiss
in Jewish Radicals: A Documentary History
NYU Press
10.18574/nyu/9780814757437.003.0060
This chapter is a critique of Zionism in response to the Great Arab Revolt that raged in Palestine between 1936 and 1939. Authored by Socialist Party member Samuel Weiss, the chapter argues that ... More
This chapter is a critique of Zionism in response to the Great Arab Revolt that raged in Palestine between 1936 and 1939. Authored by Socialist Party member Samuel Weiss, the chapter argues that Zionism, in accordance with its illusion of building a homeland for Jews in Palestine, is constantly pursuing the policy of taking over the economic positions of the native population. However, Weiss also calls for open Jewish immigration to Palestine, contrary to the demand of Arab nationalists and many left-wing anti-Zionists. The chapter closes with a socialist vision that can resolve the Jewish problem in Palestine and promote working-class unity among the Jews and Arabs.Less
This chapter is a critique of Zionism in response to the Great Arab Revolt that raged in Palestine between 1936 and 1939. Authored by Socialist Party member Samuel Weiss, the chapter argues that Zionism, in accordance with its illusion of building a homeland for Jews in Palestine, is constantly pursuing the policy of taking over the economic positions of the native population. However, Weiss also calls for open Jewish immigration to Palestine, contrary to the demand of Arab nationalists and many left-wing anti-Zionists. The chapter closes with a socialist vision that can resolve the Jewish problem in Palestine and promote working-class unity among the Jews and Arabs.
Keywords: Zionism, Great Arab Revolt, Palestine, open Jewish immigration, working-class unity
When Internationalism Stopped Working
Susan Pedersen
in The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
History, World Modern History, Political History
No territory was more central to the mandates system than Palestine. Britain had always insisted that its Palestine policy be approved in Geneva, and went to some lengths to secure international ... More
No territory was more central to the mandates system than Palestine. Britain had always insisted that its Palestine policy be approved in Geneva, and went to some lengths to secure international support for a Zionist pledge that its allies initially thought misguided. In the 1930s, however, this ‘internationalization’ of Palestine policymaking lessened Britain's room to manoeuvre. As the 1929 riots and the 1936 Arab Revolt revealed the depth of Arab opposition to continued Jewish immigration, British statesmen looked first for new ways (including partition) to balance both communities' claims, and then to retreat from the Balfour pledge. Yet, most members of the Mandates Commission, as well as increasingly anti-Semitic East European statesmen, had come to see Palestine largely as a destination for European Jews and opposed any such moves. This chapter tracks that complex history, showing how the inflexibility fostered by ‘internationalization’ drove a number of British statesmen to condemn a mandates regime they had largely created.Less
No territory was more central to the mandates system than Palestine. Britain had always insisted that its Palestine policy be approved in Geneva, and went to some lengths to secure international support for a Zionist pledge that its allies initially thought misguided. In the 1930s, however, this ‘internationalization’ of Palestine policymaking lessened Britain's room to manoeuvre. As the 1929 riots and the 1936 Arab Revolt revealed the depth of Arab opposition to continued Jewish immigration, British statesmen looked first for new ways (including partition) to balance both communities' claims, and then to retreat from the Balfour pledge. Yet, most members of the Mandates Commission, as well as increasingly anti-Semitic East European statesmen, had come to see Palestine largely as a destination for European Jews and opposed any such moves. This chapter tracks that complex history, showing how the inflexibility fostered by ‘internationalization’ drove a number of British statesmen to condemn a mandates regime they had largely created.
Keywords: Palestine, Arab Revolt, Peel Commission, partition, Ormsby-Gore, Zionism, internationalization, Jewish immigration, anti-Semitism
Assembling a Jewish Economy
Ronen Shamir
in Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine
Stanford University Press
10.11126/stanford/9780804787062.003.0006
The main argument of this chapter is that the electric grid participated in the assembly of a Jewish economy, incrementally distinct from both the all-Palestine economy and from a counter-factual ... More
The main argument of this chapter is that the electric grid participated in the assembly of a Jewish economy, incrementally distinct from both the all-Palestine economy and from a counter-factual Arab economy. Jewish immigration in the mid 1920s’ created new possibilities for grid-expansion. Efforts to modernize agricultural methods and to establish new industries had mostly been a Jewish affair. Powered by wired-electricity, the grid not only facilitated growing inequality between Jews and Arabs but also contributed to the collection of data that ultimately established the reality of a distinct Jewish economy. The chapter thereby established links between the statistical and scientific work which is involved in the creation of ’the economy’ and the development of measurable and quantifiable electric supply. Still, the chapter also exposes the unique logic of the grid, one that cannot be reduced to Zionist interests.Less
The main argument of this chapter is that the electric grid participated in the assembly of a Jewish economy, incrementally distinct from both the all-Palestine economy and from a counter-factual Arab economy. Jewish immigration in the mid 1920s’ created new possibilities for grid-expansion. Efforts to modernize agricultural methods and to establish new industries had mostly been a Jewish affair. Powered by wired-electricity, the grid not only facilitated growing inequality between Jews and Arabs but also contributed to the collection of data that ultimately established the reality of a distinct Jewish economy. The chapter thereby established links between the statistical and scientific work which is involved in the creation of ’the economy’ and the development of measurable and quantifiable electric supply. Still, the chapter also exposes the unique logic of the grid, one that cannot be reduced to Zionist interests.
Keywords: Jewish economy, Jewish immigration, Jewish industry, Jewish agriculture, water, citrus, Hope-Simpson, Mavromatis
Conclusion – The End of the Experiment: Discourses on Citizenship at the Close of the Mandate
Lauren Banko
in The Invention of Palestinian Citizenship, 1918-1947
Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter offers further insight on citizenship in Palestine after 1939 and until the end of the mandate in 1948, and the changing levels of the Arabs' political subjectivity. The differences ... More
This chapter offers further insight on citizenship in Palestine after 1939 and until the end of the mandate in 1948, and the changing levels of the Arabs' political subjectivity. The differences between the multiple doctrines, vocabularies, expressions, and concepts of citizenship during the first two decades of the mandate administration are reflected in the legislation on citizenship passed by the British administration and in the reactions by the Arab citizens to that legislation. It explores the immediate reactions of Great Britain and the Palestine administration to the increased Jewish immigration to the territory and the changes made to the mandate's citizenship legislation in the wake of the Peel Commission's recommendations.Less
This chapter offers further insight on citizenship in Palestine after 1939 and until the end of the mandate in 1948, and the changing levels of the Arabs' political subjectivity. The differences between the multiple doctrines, vocabularies, expressions, and concepts of citizenship during the first two decades of the mandate administration are reflected in the legislation on citizenship passed by the British administration and in the reactions by the Arab citizens to that legislation. It explores the immediate reactions of Great Britain and the Palestine administration to the increased Jewish immigration to the territory and the changes made to the mandate's citizenship legislation in the wake of the Peel Commission's recommendations.
Keywords: citizenship, Palestine, Arabs, mandate administration, Great Britain, Jewish immigration, Peel Commission
American Klezmer: A Brief History
Mark Solbin
in American Klezmer: Its Roots and Offshoots
Music, History, American
The music now known as klezmer took root in the United States during the period of heaviest eastern European Jewish immigration, between 1880 and 1924. Klezmorim migrated from many parts of the ... More
The music now known as klezmer took root in the United States during the period of heaviest eastern European Jewish immigration, between 1880 and 1924. Klezmorim migrated from many parts of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires and from Romania and carried with them musical traditions which, while diverse, also share a great deal in common. At first, virtually all of the klezmer orchestra leaders were violinists. Some brought over typical European klezmer instruments such as the tsimbl (hammered dulcimer), straw fiddle (folk xylophone), harmonica (small accordion), bohemian flute, and rotary valve cornet. By the 1920s, Jewish dance music instrumentation had fallen more in line with typical American vaudeville or concert bands of the time. By then, a large proportion of the European Jewish ritual music repertoire had also been abandoned, along with much of the badkhones (wedding jester) tradition, which only lived on in certain Hasidic communities.Less
American Klezmer : A Brief History
The music now known as klezmer took root in the United States during the period of heaviest eastern European Jewish immigration, between 1880 and 1924. Klezmorim migrated from many parts of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires and from Romania and carried with them musical traditions which, while diverse, also share a great deal in common. At first, virtually all of the klezmer orchestra leaders were violinists. Some brought over typical European klezmer instruments such as the tsimbl (hammered dulcimer), straw fiddle (folk xylophone), harmonica (small accordion), bohemian flute, and rotary valve cornet. By the 1920s, Jewish dance music instrumentation had fallen more in line with typical American vaudeville or concert bands of the time. By then, a large proportion of the European Jewish ritual music repertoire had also been abandoned, along with much of the badkhones (wedding jester) tradition, which only lived on in certain Hasidic communities.
Keywords: klezmer, klezmorim, Jewish immigration
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to present a new understanding of the Arabs' reactions to colonialism and Jewish immigration into Palestine by framing resistance to ... More
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to present a new understanding of the Arabs' reactions to colonialism and Jewish immigration into Palestine by framing resistance to mandate policies and the early stages of the development of the political project of Palestinian nationalism through the articulated appeals, discussions, ideologies and demands for a political, as opposed to simply legal, identity. The book aims to trace how, and to what extent, citizenship became politically linked to nationality and civic identity as a reaction to the legal parameters of the British-created citizenship status in the post-1918 period. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to present a new understanding of the Arabs' reactions to colonialism and Jewish immigration into Palestine by framing resistance to mandate policies and the early stages of the development of the political project of Palestinian nationalism through the articulated appeals, discussions, ideologies and demands for a political, as opposed to simply legal, identity. The book aims to trace how, and to what extent, citizenship became politically linked to nationality and civic identity as a reaction to the legal parameters of the British-created citizenship status in the post-1918 period. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Keywords: Palestinian Arabs, Palestine, colonialism, Jewish immigration, Palestinian nationalism, citizenship
Rebeca Raijman, South African Jews in Israel: Assimilation in Multigenerational Perspective. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. xviii + 271 pp.
Richard I. Cohen (ed.)
in Place in Modern Jewish Culture and Society
10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0050
Religion, Judaism, Religion and Society
This chapter reviews the book South African Jews in Israel: Assimilation in Multigenerational Perspective (2015), by Rebeca Raijman. In South African Jews in Israel, Raijman explores Jewish ... More
This chapter reviews the book South African Jews in Israel: Assimilation in Multigenerational Perspective (2015), by Rebeca Raijman. In South African Jews in Israel, Raijman explores Jewish immigration from South Africa to Israel and post-migration adaptation and mobility within the latter country. Drawing on a mainly quantitative approach as well as qualitative insights derived from the personal experiences of immigrants, Raijman delves into the linguistic, economic, and identificational assimilation of South African Jews in Israel. Her book provides a solid, balanced discussion of social theory and makes use of conceptualization, international comparison, and in-depth analysis, while also dispelling some of the myths and legends that continue to dominate the popular perception of aliyah.Less
This chapter reviews the book South African Jews in Israel: Assimilation in Multigenerational Perspective (2015), by Rebeca Raijman. In South African Jews in Israel, Raijman explores Jewish immigration from South Africa to Israel and post-migration adaptation and mobility within the latter country. Drawing on a mainly quantitative approach as well as qualitative insights derived from the personal experiences of immigrants, Raijman delves into the linguistic, economic, and identificational assimilation of South African Jews in Israel. Her book provides a solid, balanced discussion of social theory and makes use of conceptualization, international comparison, and in-depth analysis, while also dispelling some of the myths and legends that continue to dominate the popular perception of aliyah.
Keywords: Assimilation, South African Jews in Israel, Rebeca Raijman, South Africa, Jews, Israel, Jewish immigration, adaptation, mobility, aliyah
Atlantic moves
Janet Wolff
in Writing otherwise: Experiments in cultural criticism
10.7228/manchester/9780719089428.003.0005
Literature, Criticism/Theory
Janet Wolff's essay is structured around the move from England to the United States, with the dislocation of perception that comes with that shift. It operates as part memoir and part family history, ... More
Janet Wolff's essay is structured around the move from England to the United States, with the dislocation of perception that comes with that shift. It operates as part memoir and part family history, these two strands also intersecting with other people's stories. Visual images also play a part in the story – paintings, diary pages and facsimile documents.Less
Janet Wolff's essay is structured around the move from England to the United States, with the dislocation of perception that comes with that shift. It operates as part memoir and part family history, these two strands also intersecting with other people's stories. Visual images also play a part in the story – paintings, diary pages and facsimile documents.
Keywords: Family history, Memoir, Transatlantic travel, Jewish immigration, Refugees, Windscale disaster
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Topic: Kelly Rutherford
Kelly Rutherford News
Movies // 1 month ago
Lifetime's V.C. Andrews movie series to begin July 27
Lifetime has announced its V.C. Andrews Movie Series Event will begin with the first installment "Heaven" on July 27.
TV // 5 months ago
Lifetime to air five new movies based on V.C. Andrews' books
Lifetime said it plans to air this year five movies based on V.C Andrews' Casteel family gothic novels.
Entertainment News // 3 years ago
Kelly Rutherford loses 6-year child custody battle, is expected to appeal
A judge in Monaco has decided Kelly Rutherford's two American-born children cannot return to the United States.
Kelly Rutherford refuses to send her children back to Monaco
Hollywood actress Kelly Rutherford is refusing to send her children back to their father in Monaco as per a court-ordered agreement.
Kelly Rutherford faces new hurdle in 6-year custody battle
Kelly Rutherford will have to continue her fight for custody of her children overseas since a judge ruled California has no jurisdiction.
Kelly Rutherford reunites with her children in New York City
Kelly Rutherford has been reunited with her son and daughter in New York City, and the children are set to spend the summer in the United States.
'Ecstatic' Kelly Rutherford wins international custody battle
A California judge has granted American actress Kelly Rutherford sole legal and physical custody of her two children.
Celebrities sign petition to help Kelly Rutherford bring her kids back to the U.S.
Kelly Rutherford is getting the White House involved in her ongoing six-year custody battle with her ex-husband to bring her children back to the U.S.
TV // 6 years ago
Actress Kelly Rutherford files for bankruptcy
U.S. actress Kelly Rutherford has filed for bankruptcy in the midst of a custody battle with her ex-husband over their two children, court records show.
Stars line up for NY cancer benefit
Kelly Ripa, Ashley Greene, Donna Karan, Ariel Foxman and InStyle are to serve as hosts of the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund's upcoming New York fundraiser.
Entertainment News // 1 decade ago
Kelly Rutherford gives birth to daughter
U.S. television actress Kelly Rutherford has given birth to a daughter in Los Angeles, RadarOnline.com said it has learned exclusively.
Actress Rutherford hopeful about divorce
Actress Kelly Rutherford, who appears on the hit U.S. TV series "Gossip Girl," says she is hopeful she and her husband will be cordial though their divorce.
Rutherford of 'Gossip' splits from husband
Pregnant actress Kelly Rutherford, who appears on the hit U.S. TV series "Gossip Girl," is divorcing her husband, Daniel Giersch, documents show.
Kelly Rutherford expecting baby No. 2
Kelly Rutherford's publicist told Usmagazine.com the U.S. television actress is pregnant with her second child.
Momsen returns to 'Gossip Girl' set
Taylor Momsen, who was hospitalized this week for a potentially life-threatening throat infection, has returned to the New York set of her show "Gossip Girl."
Kelly Deane Melissa Rutherford (born November 6, 1968) is an American actress known for her roles of Stephanie "Sam" Whitmore on Generations, Megan Lewis on Melrose Place from 1996 to 1999 and currently as Lily van der Woodsen on Gossip Girl, she was also Dixie Cousins on The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.
In addition to her work on Generations and Melrose Place, Rutherford also starred in the early 1990s Homefront as Judy Owen, in 1995's The Great Defender as Frankie Collet, in 1996's Kindred: The Embraced as Caitlin Byrne, in 2003's Threat Matrix as Special Agent Frankie Ellroy Kilmer, and had a recurring role in The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. as Dixie Cousins. She also had a small role on Scream 3 in 2000. Most recently, Rutherford starred as Samantha "Sonny" Liston, on the cancelled TV series E-Ring. Rutherford currently stars as Lily van der Woodsen in The CW hit teen drama Gossip Girl.
Rutherford was born in Elizabethtown, the seat of Hardin County, in central Kentucky. She is the daughter of Ann Edwards, a model and writer, who is divorced from Rutherford's father. She has a younger brother, Anthony, and two younger sisters, Courtney and Lindsey.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Kelly Rutherford."
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Border agency warns of privacy risks in web initiative
New document reveals extent of social media monitoring by government
Mark Albert
Chief National Investigative Correspondent
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the agency charged with safeguarding America's borders and ports of entry, says it needs to expand the sources of information it collects to keep its 60,000 employees and the nation safe while warning it may not be able to completely protect a person's privacy, according to a new, 15-page Privacy Impact Assessment obtained by the Hearst Television National Investigative Unit. In the document -- which is dated Monday, March 25, and has not been previously reported -- CBP addresses its Social Media Situational Awareness initiative, privacy risks with the program, and whether mitigation of the risk is possible and how it seeks to achieve that. CBP may collect an individual's name, social media handle, address, location, phone number and email made publicly available on social media apps and platforms, the document states. The agency, a part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), warns it could scoop up information about people that they didn't post but that someone else did -- whether the information is true or not -- and that a person cannot expressly opt-out, and no process is laid out for challenging the information gathered. In addition, the assessment reveals that CBP personnel "may conceal their identity when viewing social media for operational security purposes." That disclosure drew a rebuke from social media giant Facebook. After the National Investigative Unit sent the company the full document, a Facebook spokesman responded: "Law enforcement authorities, like everyone else, are required to use their real names on Facebook. Operating fake accounts is not allowed, and we will act on any violating accounts." A source said Facebook has told DHS about its concerns about the department using fake accounts for law enforcement purposes. CBP did not immediately respond to Facebook's comment.Privacy Concerns Hugh Handeyside, a senior staff attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union's National Security Project in New York, says "we certainly do" have privacy concerns, after reading the document provided by Hearst Television. "A great deal of speech occurs on the social media web these days; it is the equivalent of today's public square," Handeyside said in an interview from his New York office. "So, to the extent that, what we say online means there could be immigration consequences, that we could be investigated or potentially put on a watch list as a result, the public needs to know that." The impact assessment does address ways to mitigate risks to personally identifiable information, including limiting which CBP employees may use social media for investigative purposes. The document states that "whenever possible," the agency will limit the amount of personally identifiable information to "only the information necessary." Further, CBP says it provides training for personnel on online speech protected by the First Amendment. But the ACLU finds the training -- and the government assurance of protections -- lacking. "CBP should not be the arbiter of what is protected under the First Amendment," Handeyside said Wednesday.Maintaining Safety In the documents, CBP says the program seeks "to expand the sources of information available to CBP to maintain the safety and security of employees, facilities, and operations, ensuring legitimate trade and travel." The agency declined a request for an interview for this story. Instead, a spokesperson said in a statement that CBP tries to "prevent future incidents that could cause further harm to the public, our agents, and our economy." A spokesperson for U.S. Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Alabama, the top Republican on the House Homeland Security Committee, told Hearst Television, "Ranking Member Rogers is currently reviewing and evaluating the policy change, which CBP made following proper procedures to mitigate risk and inform the public." Here is the full statement from a CBP spokesperson to the National Investigative Unit:"On average, since the beginning of FY19, roughly 2,200 people a day along our southwest border are apprehended or deemed inadmissible by CBP agents and officers. With the varying terrains, the threats of smugglers and traffickers, along with continued large caravans and groups of migrants seeking illegal entrance into our country, our agents encounter various challenging obstacles throughout the day. Recent mobilization of large caravans of Central Americans traveling through Mexico to reach our southwest border, has added increased and new challenges to an already complicated and dangerous mission. Criminal events, such as the breach of the border wall in San Diego, involving assaults on law enforcement and a risk to public safety, are routinely monitored and investigated by authorities. These activities could result in a more thorough review of those seeking entrance into our country. It is protocol following these incidents to collect evidence that might be needed for future legal actions and to determine if the event was orchestrated. CBP and our law enforcement partners evaluate these incidents, follow all leads garnered from information collected, conduct interviews and investigations, in preparation for, and often to prevent future incidents that could cause further harm to the public, our agents, and our economy. " Know of waste, fraud, abuse, or want to hold someone accountable? Send investigative tips to the National Investigative Unit at investigate@hearst.com.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the agency charged with safeguarding America's borders and ports of entry, says it needs to expand the sources of information it collects to keep its 60,000 employees and the nation safe while warning it may not be able to completely protect a person's privacy, according to a new, 15-page Privacy Impact Assessment obtained by the Hearst Television National Investigative Unit.
In the document -- which is dated Monday, March 25, and has not been previously reported -- CBP addresses its Social Media Situational Awareness initiative, privacy risks with the program, and whether mitigation of the risk is possible and how it seeks to achieve that.
CBP may collect an individual's name, social media handle, address, location, phone number and email made publicly available on social media apps and platforms, the document states.
Hearst Television
The agency, a part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), warns it could scoop up information about people that they didn't post but that someone else did -- whether the information is true or not -- and that a person cannot expressly opt-out, and no process is laid out for challenging the information gathered.
In addition, the assessment reveals that CBP personnel "may conceal their identity when viewing social media for operational security purposes."
That disclosure drew a rebuke from social media giant Facebook.
After the National Investigative Unit sent the company the full document, a Facebook spokesman responded: "Law enforcement authorities, like everyone else, are required to use their real names on Facebook. Operating fake accounts is not allowed, and we will act on any violating accounts."
A source said Facebook has told DHS about its concerns about the department using fake accounts for law enforcement purposes.
CBP did not immediately respond to Facebook's comment.
Privacy Concerns
Hugh Handeyside, a senior staff attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union's National Security Project in New York, says "we certainly do" have privacy concerns, after reading the document provided by Hearst Television.
"A great deal of speech occurs on the social media web these days; it is the equivalent of today's public square," Handeyside said in an interview from his New York office.
"So, to the extent that, what we say online means there could be immigration consequences, that we could be investigated or potentially put on a watch list as a result, the public needs to know that."
The impact assessment does address ways to mitigate risks to personally identifiable information, including limiting which CBP employees may use social media for investigative purposes. The document states that "whenever possible," the agency will limit the amount of personally identifiable information to "only the information necessary." Further, CBP says it provides training for personnel on online speech protected by the First Amendment.
But the ACLU finds the training -- and the government assurance of protections -- lacking.
"CBP should not be the arbiter of what is protected under the First Amendment," Handeyside said Wednesday.
Maintaining Safety
In the documents, CBP says the program seeks "to expand the sources of information available to CBP to maintain the safety and security of employees, facilities, and operations, ensuring legitimate trade and travel."
The agency declined a request for an interview for this story. Instead, a spokesperson said in a statement that CBP tries to "prevent future incidents that could cause further harm to the public, our agents, and our economy."
A spokesperson for U.S. Rep. Mike Rogers, R-Alabama, the top Republican on the House Homeland Security Committee, told Hearst Television, "Ranking Member Rogers is currently reviewing and evaluating the policy change, which CBP made following proper procedures to mitigate risk and inform the public."
Here is the full statement from a CBP spokesperson to the National Investigative Unit:
"On average, since the beginning of FY19, roughly 2,200 people a day along our southwest border are apprehended or deemed inadmissible by CBP agents and officers. With the varying terrains, the threats of smugglers and traffickers, along with continued large caravans and groups of migrants seeking illegal entrance into our country, our agents encounter various challenging obstacles throughout the day.
Recent mobilization of large caravans of Central Americans traveling through Mexico to reach our southwest border, has added increased and new challenges to an already complicated and dangerous mission.
Criminal events, such as the breach of the border wall in San Diego, involving assaults on law enforcement and a risk to public safety, are routinely monitored and investigated by authorities. These activities could result in a more thorough review of those seeking entrance into our country. It is protocol following these incidents to collect evidence that might be needed for future legal actions and to determine if the event was orchestrated. CBP and our law enforcement partners evaluate these incidents, follow all leads garnered from information collected, conduct interviews and investigations, in preparation for, and often to prevent future incidents that could cause further harm to the public, our agents, and our economy. "
Know of waste, fraud, abuse, or want to hold someone accountable? Send investigative tips to the National Investigative Unit at investigate@hearst.com.
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Posted on October 12, 2011 by Greater Media
Artifacts found during search of Edison’s Piscatawaytown
Two nails and a 19th-century button were recovered during the metal detector survey at Piscatawaytown. EDISON— Three artifacts discovered in the township’s oldest neighborhood are believed to date back to the Colonial era.
The two wrought iron nails and a button were found during metal detector searches of the 7.5-acre area of the Piscatawaytown burial grounds and the adjacent Commons on Woodbridge Avenue. The Battlefield Restoration and Archaeological Volunteer Organization, Freehold, conducted the two-day effort.
The items were located off Woodbridge Avenue, along the stretch that is in front of the St. James Church. In all, 24 artifacts were recovered during the searches in May. The search area ran west to east from Germantown Avenue to Park Way.
Trolley spikes were among the items found. Researchers noted that a trolley once traveled along Woodbridge Avenue on a route between Newark and New Brunswick.
The Metuchen-Edison Historical Society received a $2,150 matching grant from the Middlesex County Cultural and Heritage Commission and the Board of Chosen Freeholders to conduct the research. The funds originated with the New Jersey Historical Commission.
Last year, the historical society received a $31,000 grant from the American Battlefield Protection Program to prepare a National Registry of Historic Places nomination for the Short Hills Battlefield. Experts from the John Milner Associates Inc. of West Chester, Pa., came to the area to look for artifacts from the battle. The society mapped about 5 acres where they believed the battle was fought. It is believed to have taken place in an area that is now home to the Plainfield Country Club on Woodland Avenue. Items found included a musket ball, brass buckles, a British coin, a Hessian button and a scabbard, which is a leather piece for holding a sword.
Walter Stochel, treasurer of the Metuchen-Edison Historical Society, and Michael Gall, an archeologist of Richard Grubb & Associates Inc., Cranbury, presented their findings at a historical society meeting last month.
Stochel and Gall said very few items were found because up to 2 feet of fill was placed on the western side of the Commons where the Rendell Brook once ran. Other areas were filled in or otherwise disturbed during the building of ballfields and playgrounds at Swales Park.
Alarge paved parking lot that runs between the park and the church could not be investigated. Also, over the past 300 years, artifacts could have been found and taken by unknown parties.
Piscatawatown and the Commons were founded in 1666 as the original settlement of Piscataway. The Commons is still public land and is one of the few remaining commons areas in the state. The location was part of Piscataway Township until 1870, when it became part of Raritan Township. In 1954, the area became part of Edison.
The Commons in Piscataway started to decline after a tornado destroyed the village in 1835. The town meeting moved to New Market that year. The Middlesex-
Essex Turnpike was built, which became a more direct route between cities and the railroad in Metuchen began to grow. Before the development of the Middlesex-
Essex Turnpike, the Post Road, now Middlesex Avenue, was the main road of the colonies, with people traveling between Boston and Philadelphia.
Stochel said the group was hoping the search would yield artifacts from the Colonial era and the Revolutionary War. ABritish camp occupied the area from December 1776 to June 1777. The church was used as an infirmary for the sick and wounded. The site was where the Colonials attacked the British. During the attacks, several hundred men were killed and some were buried on the grounds of the church.
“It was not a happy time for the Commons,” Gall said.
The Commons included stocks, a pound and an armory, a burial ground, a church, a town house where town meetings were held until 1835, a school and inns.
The Old Piscatawaytown schoolhouse was built in
1892 and became the Raritan Township Municipal
Building and later a recreation office. It burned down in the 1980s. The cause of the fire was believed to be arson.
The county seat offices for Middlesex and Somerset counties were also located at the Commons.
Stochel said they hope to conduct another metal detector search if the parking lot were ever removed or altered. They also hope to plot the locations of the graves by age to determine open areas of the burial ground in the Colonial era. Also, they said they hope to conduct additional searches along Woodbridge Avenue and where the schoolhouse was located.
Local historians said they hope to preserve the area and create a recreation of the Commons area.
CategoriesSentinel-EDM News
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Nearly one-fourth of Qatar population is women
May 31 2017 09:34 PM
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QATAR women residents population MDPS
Ramesh Mathew
Women comprised nearly one-fourth of Qatar population, or about 657,497, at the end of April, according to the figures released by the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics (MDPS).
While there were 2,675,522 residents in the country in April, approximately 24.57% were women. Compared to the previous month, there was a rise of more than 8,000 women in Qatar at the end of April. In March, there were 649,139 women.
In April last year the country had a population of 2,559,267, and there were 6,22,731 (24.33%) women among them. The latest figures shows there was an increase of nearly 35,000 women and a marginal increase of 0.24% in the women's population in one year.
The statistics also revealed that a little more than one-fourth of the country's population is less than 24 years. There are over 716,000 (more than 26.75%) below the age of 24.
As per the latest figures (April 2017), there were 29,052 people in Qatar who have crossed 65 years. This is a little more than 1% of the country's total population, inquiries revealed. Approximately 71.9% (1,923,662) of the population was in the 25-64 age group.
Studies also found there were 363,170 residents in April who were less than 15 years. This constituted a little more than 13.57% of the total population.
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Oz devs invited to exclusive Facebook club
Facebook is aiming to tap into the local expertise of Australian developers with a consultant program, by picking out a panel of candidates to recommend to businesses who want to create apps for the social network.
By Michael Lee | November 25, 2011 -- 00:22 GMT (16:22 PST) | Topic: Open Source
(Facebook business image by Sean MacEntee, CC2.0)
Speaking with ZDNet Australia, Facebook's head of platform partnerships for Asia Pacific/Japan, Alexander Kleinberg, said that businesses that weren't necessarily in the IT industry were approaching Facebook wanting to jump on the social media bandwagon.
"They will say 'We know we want to do this, [but] we don't have a good idea on how to do it' or 'We have ideas, but we're not sure how to build them ... Can you do it for us?'"
Facebook, however, doesn't actually create the apps that run on its platform and doesn't plan to begin doing so in the future. Instead, its focus is on building that platform and letting others create the apps for it.
"We actually feel that we have a certain expertise and others have other expertise, and it would be great if we can marry that as much as possible."
To do so, it has toyed with setting up a panel of developers it can trust to take care of its customers — what it has termed its Preferred Developer Consultant Program.
At the moment, the program has less than 100 participants, all located in the US and Europe, and while Facebook is reaching out to Australia in the most recent submissions round, it wanted to keep the program exclusive to a select few.
"This is a very small program — a handful in each region around the world. It's not like we're looking for dozens in Australia. I'm looking for a few key people that are willing to put the work in to be part of the program," Kleinberg said.
"There's a strong sense of creative community here. We've seen some really interesting start-ups already," he said.
While the program is open to anyone from the largest enterprise to the single developer operating out of home, Kleinberg said that start-ups tended to "get it" more often than not.
"We obviously work with very big companies and big brands, but the commitment extends all the way across to the very small start-ups that are looking to build. Those guys tend to get social and understand how to innovate on Facebook very quickly and often times those are the most fulfilling conversations we have because we think the work that they do is very innovative and contributes a lot to the product that we offer to users."
There's no financial incentive for participants, but in the case of start-ups, sometimes the connections are what matter more. OrionVM is an example of this, which, while securing the backing of two Angel Investors recently, said the networking opportunities were the real deal clincher. Facebook seems to have recognised this, placing more emphasis on support.
"We know there is an enormous amount of talent and innovation happening here and it's my objective to make sure that Facebook supports that good growth of that ecosystem as much as possible."
"We can direct high-quality clients their way. [Developers are] always looking for the next project."
Kleinberg also said support extended to both the technical and business side of working with Facebook.
"When they're in this program, they're heavily supported on our part. They develop close person-to-person working relationships with our technical support teams. They get a very high level of personalised service and support from our side and we've heard from them that that's a very big benefit of being part of this program."
While it's not Kleinberg's immediate area of expertise, he also touched on matters of privacy as a reminder that the company is constantly thinking about it.
"On the platform side, privacy is just as much of a concern as it is through the rest of the site when you're allowing apps and third-party developers to access your data. We've actually completely revamped the permissions dialogs, and what not, to make them much more straightforward to users, make it very clear to users when they are first asked to consent to the app access.
"How is it being used, what will it look like on your page, what type of data will it access and why does it need access to that data — we've tried to simplify these things and make it much more straightforward to people so that they are never surprised by this type of access to their information."
But Kleinberg indicated that whatever measures the company took, it couldn't possibly satisfy everyone's needs.
"I don't think anyone will ever get perfectly correct all the time for every user — I'm not sure that's a target that anyone can reach — but it's something we're working on all the time and it's something we spend an enormous amount of time focused on."
Social Enterprise Enterprise Software Linux Developer Security
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Low-level exploit sends Ubuntu, OpenSUSE kernel bug hunting
Government : AU
NSW pairs spatial data with Google Earth
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Ethics of Dual Relationships & Therapeutic Boundaries in
Military Settings
Resources & References
By Ofer Zur, Ph.D.
This page provides resources regarding the ethics of often mandated and unavoidable multiple relationships in military settings.
Military psychologists often practice in an environment in which multiple relationships are ubiquitous, unavoidable and ethically complex. Military psychologists often experience mixed-agency ethical tensions because their “clients” include the Department of Defense (DOD), the local commanding officer, and the individual service member whom they face in the consulting room. In many situations, when military psychologists evaluate clients, they have an obligation to consider both the unit’s combat readiness and the person they are treating. Helping a client overcome psychiatric impairment, including symptoms of trauma, may result in them being declared fit to re-join their unit, which may mean that they would engage in combat where they may be wounded or even killed. At times, military psychologists are required to evaluate fellow officers and even their own commanders for fitness for duty/combat; such evaluations may provoke complex multiple relationship tensions. Finally, military psychologists may practice in remote or specialized settings as a solo mental health practitioner (e.g., aircraft carrier, combat theatre hospital). Such isolated duty may increase the frequency of ethical tensions related to boundaries, self-care, and competence.
Howe, E. G. (2003). Mixed agency in military medicine: Ethical roles in conflict, In D. E. Lounsbury & R. F. Bellamy (Eds.), Military medical ethics: Volume I (pp. 331–365). Falls Church, VA: Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of the Army.
Johnson, W. B., Bacho, E. B., Heim, M., & Ralph, J. (2006). Multiple role dilemmas for military mental health care providers, Military Medicine, 171, 311-315.
Johnson, W. B., Grasso, I., & Maslowski, K. (2010). Conflicts between ethics and law for military mental health providers, Military Medicine, 175, 148-153
Reamer, Frederic G., PhD, Novel Boundary Challenges – Military Social Workers, Social Work Today, September 2014
Staal, M. A., & King, R. E. (2000). Managing a Multiple Relationship Environment: The Ethics of Military Psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31 (6), 698-705.
Zur, O., & Gonzalez, S. (2002). Multiple relationships in military psychology. In A. A. Lazarus & O. Zur (Eds.), Dual relationships and psychotherapy (pp. 315-328). New York: Springer.
Barnett, J. E., Lazarus, A. A., Vasquez, M. J. T., Moorehead-Slaughter, O., & Johnson, W. B. (2007). Boundary issues and multiple relationships: Fantasy and reality. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 401-410.
Barnett, J. E., & Yutrzenka, B. A. (1994). Non-sexual dual relationships in professional practice, with special applications to rural and military communities. The Independent Practitioner, 14 (5), 243-248.
Hines, A. H., Ader, D. N., Chang, A. S., & Rundell, J. R. (1998). Dual agency, dual relationships, boundary crossings, and associated boundary violations: A survey of military and civilian psychiatrists. Military Medicine, 163, 826-833.
Howe, E. G. (1986). Ethical issues regarding mixed agency of military physicians. Social Science and Medicine, 23, 803–815.
Johnson, W. B. (1995). Perennial ethical quandaries in military psychology: Toward American Psychological Association and Department of Defense collaboration. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 281-287.
Johnson, W. B & Johnson, S. J., (2017). Unavoidable and Mandated Multiple Relationships in Military Settings. In Zur, O. (Ed.) Multiple Relationships in Psychotherapy and Counseling: Unavoidable, Common and Mandatory Dual Relations in Therapy. New York: Routledge.
Johnson, W. B., Ralph, J., & Johnson, S. J. (2005). Managing multiple roles in embedded environments: The case of aircraft carrier psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36, 73-81.
Johnson, W. B. (2011). “I’ve got this friend:” Multiple roles, informed consent, and friendship in the military. In W. B. Johnson & G. P. Koocher (Eds.), Ethical conundrums, quandaries, and predicaments in mental health practice: A casebook from the files of experts (pp. 175-182). New York: Oxford University Press.
Orme, D. R., & Doerman, A. L. (2001). Ethical dilemmas and U.S. Air Force clinical psychologists: A survey. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,32 (3),305-311.
Stone (2008). Dual agency for VA clinicians: Defining an evolving ethical question. Military Psychology, 20, 37–48.
Extensive Reference List on Dual and Multiple Relationships in Psychotherapy & Counseling
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Top 12 Live Sheep And Goat Exporting Countries
Sudan and Somalia are by far the largest producers of sheep and goats for overseas shipment.
In Jordan, as in much of the Middle East and East Africa, goat and sheep herds are maintained on even the most arid deserts.
Live export includes commercial export of sheep and goats or other farm cattle across national boundaries. Many countries export live sheep and goat to foreign countries, but the relative production and consumption is significantly higher in the Middle Eastern countries. This sector is on the rise in other parts of the world, especially in the African countries, as most of the sheep and goat for slaughter are exported from Africa.
Countries Heavily Involved In Exporting Live Sheep and Goats
The export of live sheep and goat in the Middle East market has increased from the African countries as Sudan tops the chart with an export value of Live Sheep and Goat in 2015 to be $561,337,000. Somalia takes the second spot with an export value of $370,569,000 in 2015. Jordan stands in the third rank with an export value of $200,417,000.
In Sudan, the livestock export forms the basis for the foreign exchange earnings in the country after the production of oil. The country exports Live Sheep and Goat to Middle East countries but the export to Saudi Arabia is on the rise during the year. However, the value of livestock surmounts during the festival of Hajj. The Live Sheep and Goat are reared in Khartoum and North Kordofan cities of Sudan that nearly contributes 14% to the population. The farmers over here have a limited access to the veterinary care for the animals and the price of feed for animals is higher in the country. The live sheep and goat marketing procedure is a long process where the livestock is brought from one seller to another until it reaches the border laden in trucks and are overloaded. When the livestock reaches their destination, they are butchered under unethical conditions for the production of meat.
In 2014, Somalia exported nearly 4.6 million of sheep and goat to the Gulf countries and especially to Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Qatar in large numbers. These animals are brought up by providing good fodder and giving proper vaccination to them. Even the local meat market is thriving in the area but the animals are bundled up in trucks to the slaughterhouses where they are used for meat in their destinations.
Jordan exported more than 6 million of live sheep and goat to the Middle East countries. The animals are provided stubble grazing in the fields and after growing up, they are sold in the market where they are taken to border countries. They are suffocated in the trucks and after that, they land in slaughterhouses for the production of meat.
A Thriving Sector, Yet One With Animal Rights Concerns
It can be inferred from the above data that the live sheep and goat market is thriving and the local farmers rear more animals on the farms and export them to foreign countries. Mostly, these animals are exported to the Middle East countries through rugged channels and not handled in a proper way. Many organizations have raised their voices against this inhuman practice and government of the respective countries has to take immediate actions.
2015 Export Value Of Live Sheep and Goats (USD)
1 Sudan $561,337,000
2 Somalia $370,569,000
3 Jordan $200,417,000
4 Australia $192,738,000
5 Romania $169,469,000
6 Spain $140,868,000
7 Ethiopia $85,107,000
8 Iran $76,652,000
9 France $41,102,000
10 Hungary $39,878,000
11 Netherlands $30,372,000
12 Oman $27,402,000
This page was last updated on April 25, 2017.
By Khushboo Sheth
On WorldAtlas.com
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El Salvador Promotes Inclusion
Woman in municipality of El Carmen
Victoria Ojea / The World Bank
With Bank support, the Government of El Salvador improved the efficiency of its tax collection by reducing the number of income tax returns by 35%; expanded the percentage of payments to the Government through the electronic platform to 30.1%; and improved the protection of vulnerable groups by giving cash transfers to 80% of the elderly individuals in 75 rural municipalities, including 52 of the poorest.
Tax revenues in El Salvador are among the lowest in Latin America and the Caribbean, and they are not sufficient to finance needed social spending. The fiscal reforms implemented since 2000 contributed to raising tax revenues from 10% of GDP in 2000 to 13.6% in 2007. However the global financial crisis and the slowdown in economic activity reversed these gains. In 2009, revenues fell to 12.6% of GDP.
In its efforts to restore the pre-crisis positive trend in tax revenues, the World Bank funded Public Finance and Social Progress Development Policy Loan supported the Government’s efforts (i) to increase tax revenues through tax administration actions and fiscal reform, (ii) to improve the efficiency in spending allocation and resource management, (iii) to increase monitoring and accountability, and (iv) to strengthen the agencies that have tax collection responsibilities. These reforms were expected to increase efficiency by reducing tax collection cost, and expand the tax base by reducing costs and facilitating tax payment.
The Public Finance and Social Progress project supported key elements of the Government’s reform program aimed at creating fiscal space for needed social expenditure and protecting and including vulnerable segments of the population such as the elderly, women, and children.
Reforms included:
Improved efficiency in tax collection.
Expanded tax base through a reduction in the number of income tax returns filed.
Increased share of payments to the Government made through the national electronic platform.
Increased tax revenues as a percent of GDP through tax administration measures and fiscal reform.
Improved efficiency, transparency and accountability in the allocation of public resources by using framework agreements to purchase commonly used goods and services, and by not making payments to awarded contracts, unless the business opportunity is published in the e-procurement system in due time.
Protected vulnerable groups (i) by creating in each region at least one functioning consulting committee for monitoring progress on gender equity and one functioning window for information on women's rights, (ii) by transferring cash to at least 80% of the targeted elderly individuals in the 52 poorest rural municipalities, and (iii) by allowing at least 2,000 primary and secondary students to attend school full time.
Six of ten expected outcome indicators were fully achieved and one was partially achieved. By the beginning of 2013, the operation helped to support improvements in the following key outcomes:
Payments made to the Government through the platform for electronic payments, P@GOES, was 30.1%. This result surpassed the target in terms of percentage of total payments to the Government.
The tax revenue as a percent of GDP increased by 1.2 percentage points, with respect to the baseline average of 13.3% for 2006-2008.
Transparency over public resources management was significantly improved with the publication of the results and conditions for all public contracts.
There were 14 functioning consulting committees monitoring progress in gender equality in the public sector, and 11 regions of the country had at least one functioning information window on women’s rights.
80% of the elderly individuals in 75 rural municipalities (including the 52 poorest) receive cash transfers. The cash transfer program was not extended to urban municipalities.
Around 10,356 students were studying under the extended-day modality and approximately 16,968 students were studying under indirect modality, in 53 full-day inclusive schools, surpassing the target.
Net tax revenues to GDP were 14.4%, an improvement compared to the average of 13.3% of GDP for 2006-2008, but not sufficient to meet the target due to external and internal conditions that lowered economic activity.
Bank Contribution
The Bank contributed $100 million through the Public Finance and Social Progress Development Policy Loan to support the Government’s efforts aimed at: (i) Creating fiscal space for needed social expenditure by supporting actions to increase tax revenues and to improve efficiency and transparency in the allocation of public resources; and (ii) Protecting and including vulnerable segments of the population by allocating additional public resources towards social programs targeting vulnerable groups. The operation responded to the Government’s request for continuity in the support of strategic areas addressed by the two previous DPLs: El Salvador Public Finance and Social Sector DPL (2009) and the Sustaining Social Gains for Economic Recovery DPL (2009).
The operation was designed in close collaboration with the Government of El Salvador to ensure that supported actions were fully consistent with the country’s development goals, which included creating the fiscal space needed for sustainable social spending, enhancing the social gains achieved during the last decade, and protecting vulnerable segments of the population. The operation was prepared with extensive consultation with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB).
This operation was originally conceived as the first of two development policy loans designed to support the implementation of the Government’s medium-term development plan. However, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) postponed the fourth review, and as a result, the preparation of the second loan has been postponed to a later date.
As of January 2013, 80% of the elderly individuals in 75 rural municipalities (including the 52 poorest) are receiving cash transfers. The operation improved the protection of vulnerable groups by increasing the cash transfer program to elderly individuals in more municipalities than originally targeted at project inception—including the poorest departments in the country.
of elderly individuals in 75 rural municipalities receive cash transfers.
Home - El Salvador
El Salvador - Public Finance and Social Progress Development Policy Loan in the amount of US$100 million to the Republic of El Salvador.
PUBLIC FINANCE AND SOCIAL PROGRESS DPL
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Turkey criticizes 'anti-Turkish' bill on Christian properties
Turkey said the initiative is 'incongruous with the existing spirit of partnership and alliance' between US and Turkey.
World Bulletin / News Desk
Turkey has strongly criticized a U.S. House committee bill that directs the State Department to monitor the return of property confiscated from Christians in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
"While the clear and concrete steps that Turkey has taken for the improvement of the rights and freedoms of all of its citizens, including for the non-Muslim minorities are evident; attempts by anti-Turkish circles in the U.S. Congress, driven by domestic political considerations, to push such unconstructive and baseless initiatives are unacceptable," Turkey's Foreign Ministry said in a statement Friday.
The bill, which passed through the House Foreign Affairs Committee on Thursday, requires the U.S. secretary of state to provide an annual report to Congress regarding Washington's efforts to secure the return and restoration of "stolen, confiscated, or otherwise unreturned Christian properties" in Turkey and the northern Cyprus.
Terming the bill as "null and void as far as Turkey is concerned," the statement stressed that such initiatives were incongruous with the existing spirit of partnership and alliance between the two traditional allies.
Introduced by Republican Committee Chairman Ed Royce and ranking Democrat Eliot Engel in March, the bill received bipartisan support in the committee, but was met with opposition from Democrats Gerry Connolly and Gregory Meeks.
"It simply does not reflect the relationship the U.S. has cultivated with Turkey, a close and trusted NATO ally," said Connolly. "Passing this legislation will lead to a rupture in our relationship with Turkey at a time when the preservation of our strategic alliance should be a top priority."
The bill is unlikely to go for a full vote until after the summer recess.
It requires the U.S. secretary of state to report no later than 180 days later on the State Department’s engagement with Turkish authorities to return the properties.
Lauding the adoption of the bill, Chairman of the Armenian National Committee of America Ken Hachikian said the measure sent a strong signal to Ankara that it must come to terms with its obligations to Armenians.
The Armenian diaspora claims that the loss of lives suffered by Ottoman Armenians during their relocation in 1915 constitutes a "genocide."
Turkey rejects the claim, saying that both Turks and Armenians were killed when a portion of the Armenian population sided with invading Russians and staged an armed revolt against the Ottoman authority during the First World War.
The uprisings were followed by a decision by the government in Istanbul to relocate the Armenians living in eastern Anatolia.
Last Mod: 28 Haziran 2014, 09:33
#TRNC,
#Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,
#christians
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Jack the Ripper: Serial Killer Who Terrorized London Finally Unmasked
Horror, Trending,
On the early hours of Friday, August 31, 1888, the body of Mary Ann Nichols was discovered. Her throat was severed by two deep cuts, and her lower abdomen was ripped open by a jagged wound. Not too long after, a second corpse was found near a doorway on 29 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields. Like Nichols, the woman’s throat was severed by two cuts, and her abdomen was slashed entirely open with her uterus missing. She was identified as Annie Chapman and also like Nichols, she walked the dark streets of London as a prostitute. Both women were just two of the many gruesome murders committed by a serial killer known only by the nickname Jack the Ripper.
Has Jack the Ripper’s Identity Been Revealed?
As authorities scrambled to put the perpetrator behind bars, dozens of letters from individuals claiming to be “Jack the Ripper” began pouring in. Among all of them, three were the most prominent: the “Dear Boss” letter, the “From Hell” letter, and the “Saucy Jacky” postcard.
The “Dear Boss” letter was received by the Central News Agency on September 27, 1888, who then forwarded it to the Scotland Yard. It contained a threat to “clip the ladys ears off” as well as a salutation that was believed to be written by Jack the Ripper. The letter was initially perceived as a hoax, but when the corpse of Catherine Eddowes was discovered with her ear chopped off, the police started to pay more attention. But despite efforts to arrest whoever was responsible, the case remained unsolved.
Centuries after Jack the Ripper terrorized the streets of London, a British author is now claiming that she knows exactly who the mass murderer was. According to Patricia Cornwell, acclaimed artist Walter Sickert was the man behind all the gruesome crimes.
But why Sickert? Well, here are the clues listed down in Cornwell’s book Ripper: The Secret Life of Walter Sickert.
Sickert had the psychological profile of a killer
A number of painting and sketches made by Sickert depict themes of misogyny and violence against women. Cornwell believed that Sickert couldn’t have intercourse due to a botched surgery on his penis and that the sexual frustration eventually took a toll on his mental health. He also began to develop a sense of hatred toward the opposite sex when his close friend and mentor James Abbott Whistler, abandoned him after he married.
Walter Sickert’s “Nuit d’ete”
Walter Sickert’s painting Nuit d’ete or Summer Night is said to evoke the death of Mary Jane Kelly, another victim of Jack the Ripper.
Other suspects
Aside from Walter Sickert, there have been other famous suspects who were attached to the case. The most controversial name in the roster was Queen Victoria‘s grandson Prince Albert Victor, also known as the Duke of Clarence. Another suspect who had ties with the royal family was Sir John Williams, the queen’s surgeon. His theory was expanded in a 2005 book titled Uncle Jack. The author suggested that Williams carried out the crimes in an attempt to research more on the topic of infertility.
Among the lesser-known suspects was cotton merchant James Maybrick, who kept a diary that suggested that he was the murderer. Maybrick was later released due to lack of evidence. A certain Dr. Thomas Neill Cream was also arrested after he was accused of poisoning London prostitutes, but there was no evidence linking him to the crimes committed by Jack the Ripper.
So who was this mysterious phantom of the night? Was he truly the famous painter Walter Sickert? Perhaps, the world will never know.
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The Lost City of Z: The Strange Disappearance of Colonel Percy Fawcett
The Mysterious Deaths of Addie Hall and Zack Bowen
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Woodward, Pires & Lombardo, P.A. Celebrates Father’s Day with Helpful Advice
By Woodward Pires & Lombardo | Blog | Comments are Closed | 17 June, 2016 | 0
It’s Father’s Day! Today we thank dads everywhere for all of their hard work and dedication to their families each and every day. In honor of dad’s special day, we sat down with our very own Craig Woodward to discuss what it’s like being a dad, what advice he gives his own children and what tips he has for them for the future.
Craig Woodward is a Partner and Co-Founder of Woodward, Pires & Lombardo, P.A. Alongside his brother, Mark and his father, Arthur, the firm was founded in 1971 in Marco Island, Florida. Craig is a father to two girls, Heather and Amanda, both in their thirties, and step-daughter, Karie, who is in her forties. Throughout the years, he’s learned a thing or two about parenthood and is happy to share some helpful fatherly advice.
Q. What are some of your favorite activities to share with your children?
A. Traveling, boating and discussing world affairs.
Having common interests and being involved in the lives of your children is very important. Being able to participate in activities together strengthens the bond with them, and as they grow, helps them to trust you as a parent and listen to your advice.
Q. What are some of the challenges that you face as a father?
A. Now that the girls are grown up and live on their own, there aren’t many challenges.
The key to good parenting is to provide for your kids and teach them how to be independent as well. In doing so, they are more comfortable being out on their own and raising their own families, and hopefully passing down the same advice that you gave to them growing up.
Q. What career advice would you give to your kids?
A. I would say to try and find a field that fits your talents. Get a good education and training in that field, and then be sure to get a good job.
Craig stresses that it’s important to not settle for a position that won’t provide opportunities to learn more and advance. Broadening your horizons is key to achieving happiness not only in the workplace, but in life as well.
Q. What would you tell your kids to enjoy while they are young?
A. I would tell them to enjoy life on Marco Island and in Naples. We live in a beautiful place. Too often, kids don’t realize how great it is here
He states that more often than not, kids take for granted the beautiful scenery and the opportunities here, leave and then find out that what they had here was better than they had thought.
Q. What qualities do you feel your kids have gotten from you?
A. Follow through on jobs and work assigned to them or tasks to take on.
They also have an interest in the world around them, good values and common sense, and I’m proud that I was able to help them grow, appreciate things and develop proper values.
We thank Craig for taking the time out of his busy day to speak with us about parenting and fatherhood. Being a dad is a big job, and we want to thank all of the amazing people out there today that have taken on this important role. We hope that you have a wonderful day celebrating with your family, and thank you for all that you have done and continue to do in the lives of your children.
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Woodward, Pires & Lombardo, P.A. Announces Attorney Joseph Coleman’s Election to the Florida Bar Young Lawyer’s Division Board of Governors
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Attorney Craig Woodward to be Honored at Marco Island Historical Society’s 25th Anniversary Gala
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Grand Teton Music Festival 2019 Season
How The 'New World' Symphony Introduced American Music To Itself
By Tom Huizenga • Nov 24, 2018
U.S. Navy CPO Graham Jackson, with tears of grief, plays "Goin' Home," from Dvorak's 'New World' Symphony, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's body is carried from Warm Springs, Ga., where he died.
Ed Clark / Life Picture Collection/Getty
Originally published on April 4, 2019 2:54 pm
This story is part of American Anthem, a yearlong series on songs that rouse, unite, celebrate and call to action. Find more at NPR.org/Anthem.
Sometimes it takes an outsider to point out what's great about a culture. That's exactly what Czech composer Antonin Dvorak was when he came to the U.S. at the end of the 19th century, an immigrant thrown into a new world and new sounds.
Out of that experience, he wrote a symphony for America: Dvorak's Symphony No. 9, subtitled "From the New World," has become one of the world's most beloved orchestral works. It also produced a melody that is a hymn and an anthem to what American music can be.
When Dvorak came to America in 1892, the Pledge of Allegiance was new. So were Carnegie Hall, the game of basketball and Edison's wax cylinders. Classical music in America wasn't new — but it needed a reboot. Already a celebrated composer in Europe, Dvorak was hired to run the National Conservatory of Music in New York to help American composers find their own voices and shake off the European sound.
At the time, American concert music sounded a lot like Brahms and Beethoven. Dvorak heard something different, in an unexpected place, as he told the New York Herald just before he debuted his "New World" symphony.
"The future of this country must be founded upon what are called the Negro melodies," he declared. "This must be the real foundation of any serious and original school of composition to be developed in the United States." Essentially, this was Dvorak telling white Americans that the future of their music resided in the people they had subjugated and killed.
"It was radical, and I think that he got harshly criticized and really rejected," says JoAnn Falletta, music director of the Buffalo Philharmonic, who has conducted the "New World" Symphony many times. "Dvorak was surprised, in a way, to find that the roots of American music were not European, they were African-American."
The music he found here included African-American spirituals, introduced to him by a young black man named Harry Burleigh, who had applied to be a student at Dvorak's National Conservatory.
"Dvorak chose a black person to be his assistant. How likely is that?" says Joe Horowitz, author of the book Classical Music in America, noting that this was, after all, America in the 1890s. "He's probably thinking at least two things: 'I want to help this young black man,' and 'This young black man is going to help me.' "
Burleigh, from Erie, Pa., was a self-taught baritone, who sang spirituals to Dvorak, like "Go Down Moses," which the composer said had a melody to rival Beethoven. Another one Burleigh introduced Dvorak to was "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot." "Burleigh claimed that Dvorak was actually quoting 'Swing Low' in the opening movement of the 'New World Symphony,'" says Horowitz.
Dvorak recognized a rich tradition sitting under his nose, one that most American composers seemed blind to. He wove American roots music into his vast symphonic canvas. And, inspired by black spirituals, he came up with a bittersweet melody that would become a spiritual of its own: the "Largo," the symphony's second movement, a kind of song without words scored for the English horn.
After Dvorak died, the "Largo" was turned into "Goin' Home" in 1922 by William Arms Fisher — a white student of Dvorak's, who added words to the composer's melody. "Most people who know "Goin' Home" assume that it's a spiritual that Dvorak quoted," Horowitz says. In fact, it was the other way around: Dvorak's melody went from the concert hall to the church hymnbook.
"My family all thought it was a spiritual," admits bass-baritone Kevin Deas, who first heard "Goin' Home" as a kid, not realizing the music was by Dvorak. He later recorded the song himself.
"We had 'Goin' Home' in our hymnals that I grew up singing, and so I was familiar with the melody, but there was just this instant sense of, 'I could identify with this music.' Deas says. "It has that sense of longing, and so much of the African-American spiritual tradition comes with this idea that heaven, or home, is a beautiful place to go to."
Dvorak's "Largo" became not just an anthem for the weary, but also a hymn for those who have died. It was performed at memorial events for presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Gerald Ford. And it even inspired black composers and musicians, from avant-garde saxophonist Albert Ayler to pianist Art Tatum, who made the "Largo" swing in 1949.
An 1893 advertisement for the world premiere of Dvorak's "New World" Symphony.
Carnegie Hall Archives
Dvorak had a dream that American composers would follow his example, cultivating their own musical soil to grow distinctly American anthems of their own. Horowitz said it didn't go exactly as he'd envisioned.
"We blew it. We never fulfilled Dvorak's prophecy. We squandered it. We should have had a legacy of black classical music and we don't," Horowitz says. Instead, it was popular music that soaked up African-American influences — which is great, he adds.
Still, Falletta says, some did hear Dvorak's call. "He made American composers think about music differently," she says. "The entire history of 20th century American music changed because of Antonin Dvorak. And maybe his prediction, then, gave composers like Gershwin the feeling that using jazz and writing for classical orchestra was okay."
George Gershwin to looked to jazz, and Aaron Copland would look to American folk music in ballets like Appalachian Spring and Rodeo -- but before any of them was Dvorak. Before the birth of jazz, R&B and hip-hop, an old, white, European composer predicted that black music was America's future.
"The roots of American music — whether it be African-American or Native American or ragtime or Louisiana bayou music — all of that has now become accepted as a rich part of our fabric of our musical life," Falletta says.
That musical melting pot is what Antonin Dvorak celebrated, and even elevated, in his "New World" symphony: a philosophy of inclusion rendered in music.
SCOTT SIMON, HOST:
Sometimes, it takes an outsider to recognize what's remarkable about a culture. That's what the Czech composer Antonin Dvorak did when he came to the U.S. at the end of the 19th century. He was an immigrant thrown into a new world and new sounds. And out of that experience, he wrote a symphony for America.
(SOUNDBITE OF PERFORMANCE OF ANTONI DVORAK'S "SYMPHONY NO. 9")
SIMON: Dvorak's "New World Symphony" has become one of the most beloved orchestral works in the world. It also produced a melody that's a hymn and an anthem to what American music could be. NPR's Tom Huizenga has the story for our series American Anthem.
TOM HUIZENGA, BYLINE: When Antoni Dvorak came to the U.S. in 1892, the Pledge of Allegiance was new - so was Carnegie Hall, the game of basketball and Edison's wax cylinders.
(SOUNDBITE OF ISSLER'S ORCHESTRA'S "FIFTH REGIMENT MARCH")
HUIZENGA: Classical music in America wasn't new, but it needed a reboot. And Dvorak was the man to do it. Already a celebrated composer in Europe, Dvorak was hired to run a national conservatory in New York to help American composers find their own voice and shake off the European sound. At the time, American concert music sounded an awful lot like Brahms and Beethoven. Dvorak heard something different in an unexpected place, as he told the New York Herald just before he debuted his "New World Symphony."
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Reading) The future of this country must be founded upon what are called the Negro melodies. This must be the real foundation of any serious and original school of composition to be developed in the United States.
HUIZENGA: The Negro melodies - that's a reading of Dvorak telling white Americans the future of their music resides in the people they subjugated and killed.
JOANN FALLETTA: It was radical. And I think that he got harshly criticized and really rejected.
HUIZENGA: JoAnn Falletta is the music director of the Buffalo Philharmonic. She's conducted Dvorak's "New World Symphony" many times.
FALLETTA: Dvorak was surprised, in a way, to find that the roots of American music were not European. They were African-American...
HUIZENGA: ...Including spirituals.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "SWING LOW, SWEET CHARIOT")
FISK JUBILEE SINGERS: (Singing) Swing low, sweet chariot - coming forth to carry me home.
HUIZENGA: Dvorak may have even heard the Fisk Jubilee Singers, who were popular at the time. But Joe Horowitz, author of the book "Classical Music In America," says Dvorak's real connection to African-American spirituals was a young, black man named Harry Burleigh. He'd applied to be a student at Dvorak's National Conservatory.
JOE HOROWITZ: Dvorak chose a black person to be his assistant. How likely is that?
HUIZENGA: Remember, this is America in the 1890s.
HOROWITZ: So put yourself in Dvorak's head. He's probably thinking at least two things. I want to help this young, black man. And this young, black man is going to help me.
HUIZENGA: Harry Burleigh was a self-taught baritone.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "GO DOWN MOSES")
HARRY BURLEIGH: (Singing) Thus said the Lord, bold Moses said, let my people go.
HUIZENGA: Burleigh sang spirituals to Dvorak, like "Go Down Moses," which the composer said had a melody to rival Beethoven. Horowitz says Burleigh also sang "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" to Dvorak.
HOROWITZ: And Burleigh claimed that Dvorak was actually quoting "Swing Low..."
BURLEIGH: ...In the opening movement of the "New World Symphony," says Horowitz, who's at the piano to demonstrate - first the melody of "Swing Low."
HOROWITZ: (Playing piano).
BURLEIGH: Now listen to how Dvorak's melody flows out of that.
HUIZENGA: Dvorak, the outsider immigrant, could see something American composers were blind to. There was a rich tradition to draw on right in front of their noses. And Dvorak showed them how to do it. He wove American roots music into his vast symphonic canvas. And, inspired by black spirituals, he came up with a melody that would become a spiritual on its own - the largo, the symphony's second movement.
(SOUNDBITE OF PERFORMANCE OF ANTONIN DVORAK'S "SYMPHONY NO. 9")
HOROWITZ: After Dvorak died, it was turned into "Goin' Home" by William Arms Fisher. And most people who know "Goin' Home" assume that it's a spiritual that Dvorak quoted.
HUIZENGA: But it wasn't. Joe Horowitz says William Arms Fisher was a white student of Dvorak who added words to the composer's melody, which went from the concert hall to church hymn books.
KEVIN DEAS: My family all thought it was a spiritual.
HUIZENGA: Bass baritone Kevin Deas first heard "Goin' Home" as a kid when he didn't realize the music was by Dvorak.
DEAS: We had "Goin' Home" in our hymnals that I grew up singing. And so I was familiar with the melody. But there was just this instant sense of I could identify with this music.
HUIZENGA: So Deas recorded it.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "GOIN' HOME")
DEAS: (Singing) Mother's there expecting me. Father's waiting, too.
It has that sense of longing. And so much of the African-American spiritual tradition comes with this idea that heaven or home is a beautiful place to go to.
HUIZENGA: Dvorak's largo became not just an anthem for the weary but also a hymn for those who've died. It was performed at memorial events for Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Gerald Ford. Spirituals - they inspired Dvorak. And in turn, he created one that inspired black composers and musicians, including pianist Art Tatum, who made the largo swing back in 1949.
(SOUNDBITE OF ART TATUM'S "GOIN' HOME")
HUIZENGA: Dvorak had a dream that American composers would follow his example, cultivate their own musical soil to grow distinctly American anthems of their own.
HOROWITZ: We blew it.
HUIZENGA: Author Joe Horowitz.
HOROWITZ: We never fulfilled Dvorak's prophecy. We squandered it.
HUIZENGA: It was popular music that soaked up the African-American influences, which is great, Horowitz adds. Still, JoAnn Falletta says some did hear the call of Dvorak's New World anthem.
FALLETTA: He made American composers think about music differently. And the entire history of 20th century American music changed because of Antonin Dvorak. And maybe his prediction then gave composers like Gershwin the feeling that using jazz and writing for a classical orchestra was OK.
(SOUNDBITE OF GEORGE GERSHWIN'S "RHAPSODY IN BLUE")
HUIZENGA: George Gershwin looked to jazz. And Aaron Copland would look to American folk music. But before any of them was Antonin Dvorak. And before the birth of jazz, R&B and hip-hop, this old, white European predicted that the future of music in America will be black. And he was right.
FALLETTA: Yes. I think what's happened is that the roots of American music, whether it be African-American or Native American or ragtime or Louisiana bayou music - all of that has now become accepted as a rich part of our fabric, of our musical life.
HUIZENGA: And that musical melting pot is what Antonin Dvorak celebrated and even elevated in his "New World Symphony," a philosophy of inclusion rendered in music. Tom Huizenga, NPR News.
(SOUNDBITE OF BERLINER PHILHARMONIKER & RAFAEL KUBELIK PERFORMANCE OF DVORAK'S "SCHERZO") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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Retaliation Against Whistleblowers and Witnesses in Federal Proceedings
While there are many specific retaliation provisions unique to claims filed under the False Claims Act, with the Equal Opportunity Commission and/or arising out of Sarbanes-Oxley provisions, all of which protect informant employees from being retaliated against by their employer, a little known fact is that there is a general statute (42 U.S.C. § 1985) which makes it unlawful for two or more persons to conspire to “deter” a witness from testifying in Federal Court. This statute also makes it unlawful to “retaliate” against a witness for having so testified. The “deterrence” provision makes it unlawful for two or more persons to conspire to deter by force, intimidation or threat, any witness in any court in the United States from testifying to any matter pending therein freely, fully and truthfully. The “retaliation” provision makes it unlawful to injure a witness on account of his having testified in a court in the United States. Conspiracy to retaliate consists of two or more people acting in concert to retaliate against a witness for having testified in a judicial proceeding and injury as a result of the conspiracy, and an nexus between the act of testifying and the conspiracy.
The typical case where this statute might apply is one where a company employee testifies against the employer in a federal proceeding and then is terminated as a result of the testimony. Even a threat to take retaliatory actions against a witness should they provide truthful testimony is actionable under this statute. Thus, if a company employee is testifying before a federal body and is “advised, counseled or warned” that should they testify unfavorably to the company they may be subject to reprisal, this would be an actionable case under this statute.
In the United States Supreme Court of Haddle v. Garrison, 525 U.S. 121, 119 S. Ct. 489, 148 L. Ed. 2d 502 (1998), (a case arising in Georgia which involved this firm) the Supreme Court held that third party interference even with an “at will” employment relationship states a claim for relief under § 1985. The Court reasoned that because “the gist of the wrong at which § 1985 is directed is not deprivation of property, but intimidation or retaliation against witnesses in federal court proceedings,” the loss of at will employment can injure a plaintiff for purposes of the statute. Thus, even in an “at will” state such as Georgia, if an employee is intimidated by an employer in such a way as to interfere with their ability to provide testimony against the employer in a federal court context, then such a case is actionable notwithstanding the restrictions of a state “at will” employment doctrine.
In addition to recovering compensatory damages in a case where an employer is seeking to prevent an employee from testifying against its interest in a federal proceeding, the whistleblower employee may also obtain attorneys fees and costs under 42 U.S.C. § 1988. The decision to award attorneys fees is left to the sound discretion of the Trial Court but generally should be awarded to a prevailing plaintiff. Also, plaintiffs who establish a valid claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1985 are presumptively entitled to an award of punitive damages as well. Thus, in the context of a case where an employer is seeking to intimidate an employee from testifying against its corporate interest, in a federal proceeding, the whistleblower employee does have statutory rights to combat either the deterrence or retaliation for doing the right thing.
Posted in: Retaliation Claims
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Series: The Flu And Wisconsin's Public Health
Why The Scientific Debate Over A UW Bird Flu Study Isn't Going Away
Experiments Making Deadly Influenza Virus More Contagious In Mammals Are Resuming
Will Cushman
March 12, 2019 | 1:45 p.m.
<h1>Why The Scientific Debate Over A UW Bird Flu Study Isn't Going Away</h1> <p>A University of Wisconsin-Madison laboratory is <a href="https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/health-med-fit/uw-madison-scientist-allowed-to-resume-controversial-flu-research/article_7778777c-75b8-5da0-beda-3232cb8083ef.html" target="_blank">set to resume experiments</a> that could build the foundation of an early warning system for flu pandemics. The research is based on altering a deadly type of the influenza virus in a way that could make it more dangerous, though, and critics say its approval lacked transparency and creates unnecessary risks.</p> <p><a href="https://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/people/kawaokay/" target="_blank">Yoshihiro Kawaoka</a> is a virologist and professor at the <a href="https://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/" target="_blank">UW School of Veterinary Medicine</a> and the <a href="http://www.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/imsut/en/" target="_blank">University of Tokyo</a> who has figured prominently in <a href="https://www.wiscontext.org/evolving-research-exposing-how-flu-crosses-species-barrier" target="_blank">Wisconsin's long-term central role</a> in flu research. Kawaoka's work has been the focus of fierce debate among epidemiologists ever since he <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/11/scientists-brace-media-storm-around-controversial-flu-studies" target="_blank">announced in 2011</a> that his lab had successfully altered the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1" target="_blank">H5N1 subtype of the influenza A virus</a> to be transmittable through the air among ferrets. These small mammals are a common laboratory stand-in for studying human flu transmission.</p> <p>The H5N1 flu primarily affects birds. On occasion, though, the virus can jump to humans, and <a href="https://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/avian_influenza/h5n1_research/faqs/en/" target="_blank">can kill more than half</a> of those infected. While deadly, wild H5N1 is confirmed to have infected fewer than 1,000 people around the world. Those who have come down with this virus are thought to have almost always been infected directly from birds with which they were in direct contact. That’s why Kawaoka's 2011 announcement, made around the same time that a research team in the Netherlands <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/second-mutant-flu-paper-published-1.10875" target="_blank">made public similar findings</a>, caused a contentious debate in the scientific community.</p> <p>That debate has <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/04/10/301432633/scientists-publish-recipe-for-making-bird-flu-more-contagious" target="_blank">lingered</a> since 2011 and intensified in early 2019 after the federal government approved funding for Kawaoka to continue his research.</p> <p><a href="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/marc-lipsitch/" target="_blank">Marc Lipsitch</a> is a professor of epidemiology and director of the <a href="https://ccdd.hsph.harvard.edu/" target="_blank">Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics</a> at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He's a longtime critic of research that modifies flu viruses to be more dangerous in humans.</p> <p>"What worries me and my colleagues is the effort to modify viruses that are novel to humans and therefore to which there's no immunity in the population, and where a laboratory accident wouldn’t just threaten the person who got infected … but potentially could be the spark that leads to a whole pandemic of infectious disease," Lipsitch told <em>WisContext</em>.</p> <p>"The issue is that when you take a strain of flu where there's no immunity in the population because it's only been circulating in birds, and you modify [it] to transmit, that is creating a potential pandemic pathogen," Lipsitch said. "The question is whether that’s a good idea or not."</p> <p>Lipsitch firmly believes it is not a good idea, and he's not the only infectious disease researcher who holds this opinion.</p> <p>In 2014, Lipsitch organized the <a href="http://www.cambridgeworkinggroup.org/" target="_blank">Cambridge Working Group</a>, made up of hundreds of scientists, to call for a reassessment of biosafety measures for viruses altered by researchers. The group formed in response to a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/12/science/cdc-closes-anthrax-and-flu-labs-after-accidents.html" target="_blank">series of lab accidents</a> involving potentially dangerous pathogens.</p> <p>"An accidental infection with any pathogen is concerning. But accident risks with newly created 'potential pandemic pathogens' raise grave new concerns," the group declared in a <a href="http://www.cambridgeworkinggroup.org/documents/statement.pdf" target="_blank">July 2014 statement</a> calling for a reassessment of experiments like Kawaoka's. "Laboratory creation of highly transmissible, novel strains of dangerous viruses, especially but not limited to influenza, poses substantially increased risks."</p> <h4>Assessing risks during a research moratorium</h4> <p>In October 2014, partly in response to the Cambridge Working Group's concerns, the <a href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a> announced a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229140411/https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/statement-funding-pause-certain-types-gain-function-research" target="_blank">funding moratorium</a> on some types of what's called <a href="https://osp.od.nih.gov/biotechnology/gain-of-function-research/" target="_blank">"gain-of-function" research</a>, including the H5N1 experiments at the UW, to assess the potential risks and benefits of this work, and review of biosafety standards.</p> <p>Gain-of-function research aims to identify mutations that give rise to a new genetic function in viruses and microbes. Yoshihiro Kawaoka's 2011 findings — <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10831" target="_blank">published</a> in the journal <em>Nature</em> in May 2012 — identified four genetic mutations in the H5N1 virus that made it transmissible among ferrets.</p> <p><a href="https://ehs.wisc.edu/staff/moritz-rebecca/" target="_blank">Rebecca Moritz</a> chairs UW-Madison's biosecurity task force and leads the university's handling of "select agents," a class of potentially dangerous subjects of research that includes the H5N1 viruses Kawaoka studies. Moritz has worked closely with Kawaoka to develop safety protocols for his lab, which is located in <a href="https://universityresearchpark.org/" target="_blank">University Research Park</a> on the west side of Madison.</p> <p>She spoke on behalf of Kawaoka's lab and its work.</p> <p>Moritz told <em>WisContext</em> that Kawaoka's research could lead to more effective treatment and prevention options and help build an "early warning detection system" for pandemics by mapping mutations that might make wild H5N1 contagious among humans.</p> <p>"We don't understand the mechanisms involved in [influenza] transmission very well," Moritz said.</p> <p>She explained that understanding those mechanisms could result in new drugs and approaches to deter the transmission of influenza viruses by identifying certain genetic characteristics that health officials can watch for while monitoring wild strains.</p> <p>"The goal of this research is … not to intentionally create influenza viruses that can transmit," Moritz added. "Nature is already doing that for us." She pointed out that the 2011 experiments created an H5N1 virus with less severe symptoms than the wild type, and none of the ferrets died from the infection.</p> <div class="asset-wrapper asset aid-11881 asset-image"> <div class="entity entity-asset asset-image view-mode-left_image_caption_right "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 "> <div class="field field-name-field-asset-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="https://www.wiscontext.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/health-influenza-research-h5n1-kawaoka-presentation.jpg" title="" class="colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="" data-cbox-img-attrs="{"title": "", "alt": ""}"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.wiscontext.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/health-influenza-research-h5n1-kawaoka-presentation.jpg" width="2380" height="1738" alt="" title="" /></a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-asset-image-photo-credit field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><em>Bryce Richter/UW-Madison</em></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 "> <div class="field field-name-field-asset-image-description field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Yoshihiro Kawaoka, a professor of pathobiological sciences at the UW School of Veterinary Medicine, gives a presentation during a tour of the Influenza Research Institute on Feb. 13, 2013.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Needed to activate display suite support on forms --> </div> <p>While the goal of Kawaoka and his collaborators is to prevent future flu deaths, their critics point to the risk — however miniscule — of this work of setting off the very health crisis it aims to prevent by way of a lab accident. That prospect is at the heart of objections to the research and why the Cambridge Working Group called for a wholesale reassessment of work like it.</p> <p>During the federal funding moratorium, NIH sponsored multiple public meetings where the risks and benefits of gain-of-function research on "enhanced potential pandemic viruses" were debated and evaluated. The deliberations included two symposiums of the <a href="http://www.nationalacademies.org/" target="_blank">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine</a>, held in <a href="http://dels.nas.edu/Workshop-Summary/Potential-Risks-Benefits-Gain/21666" target="_blank">2015</a> and <a href="http://dels.nas.edu/Workshop-Summary/Gain-Function-Research-Summary/23484" target="_blank">2016</a>, as well as a <a href="http://www.gryphonscientific.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Risk-and-Benefit-Analysis-of-Gain-of-Function-Research-Final-Report.pdf" target="_blank">1,000-page risk-benefit analysis</a> and an <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996883/" target="_blank">ethical analysis</a>. Following this process, NIH decided that the benefits outweighed the risks and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308010105/https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-17-071.html" target="_blank">lifted the funding moratorium</a> in December 2017.</p> <p>However, the end of the moratorium did not mean that Kawaoka's research was automatically approved to resume. It took more than a year for NIH's <a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> to reinstate the funding for the UW-based H5N1 research, as <em>Science </em><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/02/exclusive-controversial-experiments-make-bird-flu-more-risky-poised-resume" target="_blank">reported</a> in February 2019. In fact, funding for any "enhanced potential pandemic virus" research must be approved on a case-by-case basis going forward.</p> <p>"We are glad the United States government weighed the risks and benefits … and developed new oversight mechanisms," Kawaoka told <em>Science</em>. "We know that it does carry risks. We also believe it is important work to protect human health."</p> <h4>Transparency is another subject of debate</h4> <p>The way in which NIH disclosed a new round of research at Yoshihiro Kawaoka's lab at UW-Madison — by way of an <a href="https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?aid=9121375&icde=43654544&ddparam=&ddvalue=&ddsub=&cr=1&csb=default&cs=ASC&pball=" target="_blank">update on its public reporter database</a> — did not sit well with critics of the research.</p> <p>Harvard epidemiologist Marc Lipsitch and <a href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/" target="_blank">Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security</a> director <a href="http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-staff/profiles/inglesby/" target="_blank">Tom Inglesby</a> wrote a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-us-is-funding-dangerous-experiments-it-doesnt-want-you-to-know-about/2019/02/27/5f60e934-38ae-11e9-a2cd-307b06d0257b_story.html" target="_blank">Feb. 27 op-ed</a> in the<em> Washington Post</em> with the headline "The U.S. government is funding dangerous experiments it doesn’t want you to know about."</p> <p>Lipsitch went further in an interview with <em>WisContext</em>, saying that the federal approval of Kawaoka's research was "less transparent than the average grant review," noting that the identities of the reviewers were never revealed. Identifying grant reviewers is standard procedure, Lispitch asserted, and helps guard against conflicts of interest.</p> <p>"We just don't know anything about even the identities of the people doing the reviews, although there's U.S. government policy statements listing the many kinds of expertise that are required to do that work," Lipsitch said. "We don't know whether the U.S. government is following its own policy or whether it's doing something less than that," he added.</p> <p>Elleen Kane, a spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Service's <a href="https://www.phe.gov/about/aspr/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">Assistant Secretary of Preparedness Response</a>, which led the department's review of the research proposals, declined to identify the reviewers, but shared its <a href="https://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Pages/p3co.aspx" target="_blank">framework for guiding funding decisions</a> related to research like Kawaoka's.</p> <p>"Reviewers are all federal employees which enables us to avoid conflicts of interest," Kane wrote in an email to <em>WisContext</em>.</p> <p>Lipsitch said that, in his opinion, the experiments are less like typical grant-funded research and more akin to a large public works project, and should therefore require an extraordinarily transparent review of the risks and benefits.</p> <p>He said that a publicized event would be appropriate "where the government said proudly 'We have decided to fund research that is so groundbreaking and so important to the future of our medical preparedness for pandemics that we think it's worth risking creating such a pandemic … but they’ve done the opposite."</p> <p>In response, spokespeople at NIH pointed to its <a href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/nih-commitment-transparency-research-involving-potential-pandemic-pathogens" target="_blank">public deliberative process</a> leading up to the funding decision.</p> <p>NIH spokesperson Emma Wojtowicz told <em>WisContext </em>that it is providing more materials online. "Moving forward, to increase transparency even more, [the Department of Health and Human Services] is posting projects that fall within the scope of review and have been awarded funding on their website."</p> <p>One new condition of federal funding means that the Kawaoka lab has to adhere to new communication standards developed through the NIH's deliberative process. These include immediately informing officials at NIH if Kawaoka identifies mutations allowing bird influenza strains to be contagious in mammals.</p> <div class="asset-wrapper asset aid-11871 asset-image"> <div class="entity entity-asset asset-image view-mode-right_image_caption_left "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3 "> <div class="field field-name-field-asset-image-description field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">A 1976 transmission electron microscopic image depicts avian influenza A H5N1 viruses, which are digitally colorized blue.</div></div></div></div> <div class="col-sm-9 "> <div class="field field-name-field-asset-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="https://www.wiscontext.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/health-influenza-research-h5n1-tem-colorized.jpg" title="" class="colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="" data-cbox-img-attrs="{"title": "", "alt": ""}"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.wiscontext.org/sites/default/files/assets/images/health-influenza-research-h5n1-tem-colorized.jpg" width="2380" height="1738" alt="" title="" /></a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-asset-image-photo-credit field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="https://phil.cdc.gov/details.aspx?pid=1841" target="_blank"><em>Cynthia Goldsmith/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</em></a></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Rebecca Moritz at UW-Madison emphasized the long, public deliberative process leading up to the reapproval of Kawaoka's research.</p> <p>"It involved multiple public hearings, opportunities for public input and input from experts outside the virology field, including Dr. Lipsitch, over the course of four years," Moritz told <em>WisContext</em>. "What has emerged is what the consensus of experts has agreed is best practice."</p> <p>Those best practices include maintaining environmental safety procedures used before the moratorium, Moritz said. Kawaoka's lab is rated as Biosafety Level 3 Agriculture, or <a href="https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/USDA%20BSL-3(Ag).pdf" target="_blank">BSL-3Ag</a>, which Moritz described as one half-step below the CDC's highest possible biosafety rating.</p> <p>"Our biosafety and biosecurity practices are like an onion — layers and layers build on each other to mitigate risks," Moritz said. "The [lab] is a stand-alone facility expressly built for work with influenza viruses," she added. "It has built-in redundancies; is constantly monitored by lab personnel, law enforcement and other first-responders; and has more than 500 alarm points."</p> <p>Additionally, lab workers are strictly vetted, including undergoing an FBI background check, and must adhere to stringent security protocols. If a fire were to break out in the lab, Moritz said local fire departments have been instructed to let it burn. And if lab workers were to have a medical emergency while inside the facility, they would have to be decontaminated by qualified lab staff before receiving treatment.</p> <p>Lipsitch pointed out that even some of the most secure labs in the world have dealt with safety breaches, usually due to human error.</p> <p>"What these experiments do is ramp up the consequences of an accident to a whole new level," Lipsitch said. "When you take an error-prone process and ramp up the consequences of an error to global pandemic levels, that's not me being dramatic, that's just describing what the consequences are of something we don't need to be doing."</p> <p><em>Editor's note: This report was updated to specify Rebecca Moritz's responsibilities at UW-Madison related to biosecurity and select agents.</em></p> <p><a href="https://www.wiscontext.org/why-scientific-debate-over-uw-bird-flu-study-isnt-going-away">Why The Scientific Debate Over A UW Bird Flu Study Isn't Going Away</a> was originally published on <a href="https://www.wiscontext.org/">WisContext</a> which produced the article in a partnership between Wisconsin Public Radio and Wisconsin Public Television.</p>
Hyunsoo Leo Kim/University Communications
Biosafety masks line a wall at the laboratory of Yoshihiro Kawaoka, as seen on Feb. 28, 2017.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison laboratory is set to resume experiments that could build the foundation of an early warning system for flu pandemics. The research is based on altering a deadly type of the influenza virus in a way that could make it more dangerous, though, and critics say its approval lacked transparency and creates unnecessary risks.
Yoshihiro Kawaoka is a virologist and professor at the UW School of Veterinary Medicine and the University of Tokyo who has figured prominently in Wisconsin's long-term central role in flu research. Kawaoka's work has been the focus of fierce debate among epidemiologists ever since he announced in 2011 that his lab had successfully altered the H5N1 subtype of the influenza A virus to be transmittable through the air among ferrets. These small mammals are a common laboratory stand-in for studying human flu transmission.
The H5N1 flu primarily affects birds. On occasion, though, the virus can jump to humans, and can kill more than half of those infected. While deadly, wild H5N1 is confirmed to have infected fewer than 1,000 people around the world. Those who have come down with this virus are thought to have almost always been infected directly from birds with which they were in direct contact. That’s why Kawaoka's 2011 announcement, made around the same time that a research team in the Netherlands made public similar findings, caused a contentious debate in the scientific community.
That debate has lingered since 2011 and intensified in early 2019 after the federal government approved funding for Kawaoka to continue his research.
Marc Lipsitch is a professor of epidemiology and director of the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He's a longtime critic of research that modifies flu viruses to be more dangerous in humans.
"What worries me and my colleagues is the effort to modify viruses that are novel to humans and therefore to which there's no immunity in the population, and where a laboratory accident wouldn’t just threaten the person who got infected … but potentially could be the spark that leads to a whole pandemic of infectious disease," Lipsitch told WisContext.
"The issue is that when you take a strain of flu where there's no immunity in the population because it's only been circulating in birds, and you modify [it] to transmit, that is creating a potential pandemic pathogen," Lipsitch said. "The question is whether that’s a good idea or not."
Lipsitch firmly believes it is not a good idea, and he's not the only infectious disease researcher who holds this opinion.
In 2014, Lipsitch organized the Cambridge Working Group, made up of hundreds of scientists, to call for a reassessment of biosafety measures for viruses altered by researchers. The group formed in response to a series of lab accidents involving potentially dangerous pathogens.
"An accidental infection with any pathogen is concerning. But accident risks with newly created 'potential pandemic pathogens' raise grave new concerns," the group declared in a July 2014 statement calling for a reassessment of experiments like Kawaoka's. "Laboratory creation of highly transmissible, novel strains of dangerous viruses, especially but not limited to influenza, poses substantially increased risks."
Assessing risks during a research moratorium
In October 2014, partly in response to the Cambridge Working Group's concerns, the National Institutes of Health announced a funding moratorium on some types of what's called "gain-of-function" research, including the H5N1 experiments at the UW, to assess the potential risks and benefits of this work, and review of biosafety standards.
Gain-of-function research aims to identify mutations that give rise to a new genetic function in viruses and microbes. Yoshihiro Kawaoka's 2011 findings — published in the journal Nature in May 2012 — identified four genetic mutations in the H5N1 virus that made it transmissible among ferrets.
Rebecca Moritz chairs UW-Madison's biosecurity task force and leads the university's handling of "select agents," a class of potentially dangerous subjects of research that includes the H5N1 viruses Kawaoka studies. Moritz has worked closely with Kawaoka to develop safety protocols for his lab, which is located in University Research Park on the west side of Madison.
She spoke on behalf of Kawaoka's lab and its work.
Moritz told WisContext that Kawaoka's research could lead to more effective treatment and prevention options and help build an "early warning detection system" for pandemics by mapping mutations that might make wild H5N1 contagious among humans.
"We don't understand the mechanisms involved in [influenza] transmission very well," Moritz said.
She explained that understanding those mechanisms could result in new drugs and approaches to deter the transmission of influenza viruses by identifying certain genetic characteristics that health officials can watch for while monitoring wild strains.
"The goal of this research is … not to intentionally create influenza viruses that can transmit," Moritz added. "Nature is already doing that for us." She pointed out that the 2011 experiments created an H5N1 virus with less severe symptoms than the wild type, and none of the ferrets died from the infection.
Bryce Richter/UW-Madison
Yoshihiro Kawaoka, a professor of pathobiological sciences at the UW School of Veterinary Medicine, gives a presentation during a tour of the Influenza Research Institute on Feb. 13, 2013.
While the goal of Kawaoka and his collaborators is to prevent future flu deaths, their critics point to the risk — however miniscule — of this work of setting off the very health crisis it aims to prevent by way of a lab accident. That prospect is at the heart of objections to the research and why the Cambridge Working Group called for a wholesale reassessment of work like it.
During the federal funding moratorium, NIH sponsored multiple public meetings where the risks and benefits of gain-of-function research on "enhanced potential pandemic viruses" were debated and evaluated. The deliberations included two symposiums of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, held in 2015 and 2016, as well as a 1,000-page risk-benefit analysis and an ethical analysis. Following this process, NIH decided that the benefits outweighed the risks and lifted the funding moratorium in December 2017.
However, the end of the moratorium did not mean that Kawaoka's research was automatically approved to resume. It took more than a year for NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to reinstate the funding for the UW-based H5N1 research, as Science reported in February 2019. In fact, funding for any "enhanced potential pandemic virus" research must be approved on a case-by-case basis going forward.
"We are glad the United States government weighed the risks and benefits … and developed new oversight mechanisms," Kawaoka told Science. "We know that it does carry risks. We also believe it is important work to protect human health."
Transparency is another subject of debate
The way in which NIH disclosed a new round of research at Yoshihiro Kawaoka's lab at UW-Madison — by way of an update on its public reporter database — did not sit well with critics of the research.
Harvard epidemiologist Marc Lipsitch and Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security director Tom Inglesby wrote a Feb. 27 op-ed in the Washington Post with the headline "The U.S. government is funding dangerous experiments it doesn’t want you to know about."
Lipsitch went further in an interview with WisContext, saying that the federal approval of Kawaoka's research was "less transparent than the average grant review," noting that the identities of the reviewers were never revealed. Identifying grant reviewers is standard procedure, Lispitch asserted, and helps guard against conflicts of interest.
"We just don't know anything about even the identities of the people doing the reviews, although there's U.S. government policy statements listing the many kinds of expertise that are required to do that work," Lipsitch said. "We don't know whether the U.S. government is following its own policy or whether it's doing something less than that," he added.
Elleen Kane, a spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Service's Assistant Secretary of Preparedness Response, which led the department's review of the research proposals, declined to identify the reviewers, but shared its framework for guiding funding decisions related to research like Kawaoka's.
"Reviewers are all federal employees which enables us to avoid conflicts of interest," Kane wrote in an email to WisContext.
Lipsitch said that, in his opinion, the experiments are less like typical grant-funded research and more akin to a large public works project, and should therefore require an extraordinarily transparent review of the risks and benefits.
He said that a publicized event would be appropriate "where the government said proudly 'We have decided to fund research that is so groundbreaking and so important to the future of our medical preparedness for pandemics that we think it's worth risking creating such a pandemic … but they’ve done the opposite."
In response, spokespeople at NIH pointed to its public deliberative process leading up to the funding decision.
NIH spokesperson Emma Wojtowicz told WisContext that it is providing more materials online. "Moving forward, to increase transparency even more, [the Department of Health and Human Services] is posting projects that fall within the scope of review and have been awarded funding on their website."
One new condition of federal funding means that the Kawaoka lab has to adhere to new communication standards developed through the NIH's deliberative process. These include immediately informing officials at NIH if Kawaoka identifies mutations allowing bird influenza strains to be contagious in mammals.
A 1976 transmission electron microscopic image depicts avian influenza A H5N1 viruses, which are digitally colorized blue.
Cynthia Goldsmith/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Rebecca Moritz at UW-Madison emphasized the long, public deliberative process leading up to the reapproval of Kawaoka's research.
"It involved multiple public hearings, opportunities for public input and input from experts outside the virology field, including Dr. Lipsitch, over the course of four years," Moritz told WisContext. "What has emerged is what the consensus of experts has agreed is best practice."
Those best practices include maintaining environmental safety procedures used before the moratorium, Moritz said. Kawaoka's lab is rated as Biosafety Level 3 Agriculture, or BSL-3Ag, which Moritz described as one half-step below the CDC's highest possible biosafety rating.
"Our biosafety and biosecurity practices are like an onion — layers and layers build on each other to mitigate risks," Moritz said. "The [lab] is a stand-alone facility expressly built for work with influenza viruses," she added. "It has built-in redundancies; is constantly monitored by lab personnel, law enforcement and other first-responders; and has more than 500 alarm points."
Additionally, lab workers are strictly vetted, including undergoing an FBI background check, and must adhere to stringent security protocols. If a fire were to break out in the lab, Moritz said local fire departments have been instructed to let it burn. And if lab workers were to have a medical emergency while inside the facility, they would have to be decontaminated by qualified lab staff before receiving treatment.
Lipsitch pointed out that even some of the most secure labs in the world have dealt with safety breaches, usually due to human error.
"What these experiments do is ramp up the consequences of an accident to a whole new level," Lipsitch said. "When you take an error-prone process and ramp up the consequences of an error to global pandemic levels, that's not me being dramatic, that's just describing what the consequences are of something we don't need to be doing."
Editor's note: This report was updated to specify Rebecca Moritz's responsibilities at UW-Madison related to biosecurity and select agents.
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Planned Parenthood shooting: Domestic terrorism?
Posted: 6:38 AM, Dec 02, 2015
Daniel Owen
<p>FILE - In this Nov. 30, 2015 file-pool photo, Colorado Springs shooting suspect, Robert Dear, right, appears via video before Judge Gilbert Martinez, with public defender Dan King, at the El Paso County Criminal Justice Center for this first court appearance, where he was told he faces first degree murder charges, in Colorado Springs, Colo. The man accused of killing three people at a Colorado Planned Parenthood clinic brought several guns, ammunition and propane tanks that he assembled around a car.(Daniel Owen/The Gazette via AP, Pool, File)</p>
WASHINGTON (AP) — The man accused of killing three people at a Colorado Planned Parenthood clinic brought several guns, ammunition and propane tanks that officials say he assembled around a car.
For hours, he holed up inside the clinic, unleashing a fusillade that wounded nine others and sent shoppers scattering inside surrounding buildings during a standoff with police.
To some in the community, the attack resembled an act of domestic terrorism, sparking a debate over what to call Robert Lewis Dear's rampage even before he was taken into custody.
But the legal system may not resolve that question.
Dear faces state charges of first-degree murder, and the federal criminal code has no specific, catchall charge for acts of domestic terrorism. That means federal prosecutors pursuing charges for ideologically motivated violence often turn to other statutes — such as those for firearms, explosives, hate crimes or murder — to cover offenses that could arguably be labeled as terror. The punishment may be the same, but generally without the branding more often associated with international terrorism.
"There has long been some interest in defining acts of domestic terrorism as terrorism. It's become quite a partisan issue," said William Yeomans, a former high-ranking official in the Justice Department's civil rights division.
But given the number of laws already available to federal prosecutors, he added, "Whether it's domestic terrorism or not, it doesn't really matter."
Police have not yet detailed a motive in the Friday killings of one police officer and two civilians at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado Springs, though a law enforcement official said Dear said "no more baby parts" during rambling comments after his arrest.
Dear used a rifle in the shooting and also brought other firearms and ammunition, according to an official familiar with the case who was not authorized to talk publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper has called the killings a "form of terrorism," and Planned Parenthood has said witnesses believe the gunman was motivated by opposition to abortion. But Dear also has been described by acquaintances as a loner who once gave neighbors anti-Obama literature but never any indication he would target a clinic.
A coalition of advocacy groups is calling on the Justice Department, which is reviewing the case, to investigate violence against abortion clinics as domestic terrorism. Federal authorities have the option of filing their own charges but haven't yet said whether they will do so. Among the federal government's potential avenues is a 1994 law known as the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, which makes it a crime to injure or intimidate abortion clinic patients and employees.
Federal law defines domestic terrorism as dangerous acts that take place inside the U.S. that are intended to intimidate the public or coerce government policy or conduct — a description meant to encompass, among others, anti-government anarchists, white supremacists and animal-rights activists.
But without one all-encompassing statute, the actual charges can vary.
In the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, for instance, Timothy McVeigh faced charges including conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction, malicious destruction of federal property and the murders of law enforcement officials. A Florida man in 2012 was sentenced to 10 years in prison on charges of arson and damaging a reproductive health facility after firebombing an abortion clinic.
While the Justice Department consistently charges individuals who look to join organizations like the Islamic State with providing material support for a foreign terror organization, there's no comparable statute for prosecuting domestic crimes motivated by extremist ideologies and no catchall "domestic terrorism" charge or offense in the federal criminal code.
That lack of clarity can make it hard to count the number of domestic terror prosecutions, or differentiate that crime from other illegal activity, according to a 2013 Congressional Research Service report.
"Individuals considered to be domestic terrorists by federal law enforcement may be charged under nonterrorism statutes, making it difficult to grasp from the public record exactly how extensive this threat is," the report said.
The issue arose in July when the Justice Department brought federal hate crime charges against Dylann Roof in the massacre a month earlier at a black church in Charleston, South Carolina.
Asked at a news conference about the absence of domestic terrorism charges, Attorney General Loretta Lynch replied, "Well, as you know, there is no specific domestic terrorism statute." But she did describe hate crimes as "the original domestic terrorism."
The Justice Department in the last year has paid added public attention to the domestic terrorism threat. Last year, it revived a domestic terrorism executive committee that had fallen into disuse after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks as the government shifted focus to international terrorism. More recently, officials appointed a domestic terrorism counsel to coordinate the flow of information.
Heidi Beirich, director of the intelligence project at the Southern Poverty Law Center, said Dear "should be charged with crimes that take him away forever" and that the federal government has many tools to do just that.
But, she added, "I think it's very important for the government to call a terrorist, a terrorist. I think a reluctance to do that is a terrible thing."
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Rare conviction made in shooting by Virginia police officer
Image from video
<p>In this image made from a video, former police officer Stephen Rankin answers questions from the prosecution during the penalty phase of the his trial Thursday, Aug. 4, 2016, in Portsmouth, Va. A jury convicted Rankin of voluntary manslaughter on Thursday in the shooting death of an unarmed black man who had been accused of shoplifting. (The Virginian-Pilot via AP, Pool)</p>
PORTSMOUTH, Va. (AP) — Prosecutors in Virginia won a rare conviction of a white former police officer who shot and killed an unarmed black teen suspected of shoplifting.
But the guilty verdict Thursday was for voluntary manslaughter, a lesser charge than the original first-degree murder count. And the jury recommended a 2 ½ year prison sentence for Stephen Rankin, a punishment far below the decade prosecutors had sought.
The outcome is typical of the rare conviction that follows a shooting by police, said Philip Stinson, a criminal justice professor at Bowling Green State University in Ohio.
Juries are very reluctant to convict on-duty officers of murder "because they all recognize that policing is difficult and violent," Stinson said.
In a similar case in Baltimore on Thursday, a jury convicted a police officer of assault for shooting an unarmed burglary suspect. He was originally charged with attempted murder.
Stinson says too little data exists to predict any kind of trend. But the black community in Portsmouth, Virginia, hoped the murder trial of Rankin, 36, would be a turning point toward more accountability.
"The sentence was not enough," said Earl Lewis Jr., a cousin of the 18-year-old who died, William Chapman II. "This basically says to police officers that it's still all right to kill."
Rankin's formal sentencing is scheduled for Oct. 12. A judge cannot increase the jury's recommended sentence, but he could reduce it.
Rankin's attorneys said they plan to appeal. Among their concerns was their inability to use what they said was Chapman's violent juvenile history during the trial.
Rankin shot Chapman in the face and chest outside a Wal-Mart store last year after a security guard had called police to go after the young man.
No video recorded the actual killing, and testimony on the details of what happened was conflicting. But most witnesses said Chapman had his hands up, and prosecutor Stephanie Morales said the officer could have used force that was not deadly.
The officer "brought a gun into what is at worst a fist fight," Morales told the jury, which deliberated for nearly two days before returning its verdict.
Rankin, who was fired from the Portsmouth police force after being indicted, had already killed another unarmed suspect four years earlier. But he had been cleared of wrongdoing and the incident was inadmissible at trial.
Rankin's lawyers said Chapman's death had nothing to do with any other police shootings.
"I think this is a terrible tragedy; I wish it had never happened. I wish none of it had ever occurred," Rankin testified after being found guilty.
"I can't begin to fathom how much pain that family is going through. I wish I could have done more to keep him alive," he added.
During his trial, Rankin testified that he calmly approached Chapman to discuss the shoplifting accusation and was preparing to handcuff him when the teen refused to comply with orders and a struggle ensued. He said he used his stun gun on him, but Chapman knocked it away. Both men then faced each other from a short distance away.
That's when he drew his pistol, Rankin said, and repeatedly commanded Chapman to "get on the ground." Instead, he said Chapman screamed "shoot me" several times before charging at him from about 6 feet away. He said he experienced "tunnel vision" at that point and, fearing for his life, fired twice to stop him.
"I had no reason to think he was going to stop attacking me," Rankin said. "I was scared."
Rankin's attorney, James Broccoletti, argued that the officer had to shoot because "everything he tried to do didn't work."
Some witnesses backed Rankin's testimony. Paul Akey, a construction worker who was nearby, said Chapman "went after the officer with throwing fists, and it looked like he knocked a Taser out of the officer's hands."
But Gregory Provo, the Wal-Mart security guard who reported Chapman to police, testified that Chapman never charged at the officer. He said Chapman raised both fists like a boxer and asked if the officer was going to shoot him before Rankin fired at him from about 5 yards away.
Criminal justice professor Stinson said on-duty officers kill about 1,000 suspects a year in the United States, but only 74 have been charged since 2005. A third of these were convicted, a third were not and the other cases are pending.
The killing of Chapman "would not have gotten this kind of attention five years ago," Stinson said, but now use-of-force complaints are coming under more scrutiny.
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G-Eazy Drops Three New Songs for His Birthday
Tosten Burks
G-Eazy is celebrating his birthday with new music. The Oakland rapper releases three unreleased tracks today (May 24) featuring a range of California talents. According to Gerald, the songs were cut from his December album The Beautiful & Damned.
"Over Me," produced by Vinylz and Alan Ritter, teams the "I Mean It" rapper with Los Angeles' RJ and the Bay Area's Jay Ant. Meanwhile, Ant's fellow HBK Gang member P-Lo produced the funky beat for "Power," which partners G-Eazy with Vallejo's Nef The Pharaoh. Finally, "Wasabi" is a Code Dope-produced cut with a guest verse from Maryland's Global Dan.
The trio of songs follow G-Eazy's track with Yo Gotti and YBN Nahmir, "1942," recorded for the soundtrack of the upcoming Kyrie Irving movie, Uncle Drew. They drop weeks before the recent XXL cover star is set to launch a national tour with Lil Uzi Vert and Ty Dolla $ign, kicking off in July.
Earlier this month, G-Eazy had a brush with the law in Sweden, landing in jail after being arrested for cocaine possession and assaulting a security guard while partying at a nightclub in Stockholm during a string of European tour dates. He later apologized to his fans.
"Embarrassed & apologetic beyond words about the incident, but above all I’m so fucking grateful they let me go," the rapper wrote on Instagram, "craziest experience of my life, awful night with a lot of bad luck and some even worse decisions but like I said I’m grateful as fuck to be a free man."
Listen to G-Eazy's three new songs below.
See 22 Hip-Hop-Related Police Raids
Filed Under: Bangers, G-Eazy
Categories: New Music, News
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Best in Leeds
Beverley, Doncaster, Middlesbrough, Otley, Scarborough and Settle named for 2016 Tour de Yorkshire
Published: 12:31 Updated: 15:30 Friday 09 October 2015
FROM AN industrial city to a coastal resort and picturesque market towns, next year’s Tour de Yorkshire is set to take in all four corners of the region.
The annual cycle race will reach further across the country, with its second outing stretching down to Doncaster in South Yorkshire and Middlesbrough in the old North Riding.
The cyclists ride to the finish at Scarborough's North Bay in the 2015 Tour de Yorkshire
It will take in both sides of North Yorkshire, with Settle and Scarborough selected to play host to either a stage start or finish.
Elite cyclists are set to wind through Beverley’s medieval streets, and world champion Lizzie Armitstead’s home town Otley will play a major part in the race.
“From the first moments of the inaugural Tour de Yorkshire, everyone who was there knew it was something special,” said Sir Gary Verity, chief executive of Welcome to Yorkshire.
“I’m delighted that we are able to bring the 2016 race to all four corners of Yorkshire. It is testament to how much the county has taken the race to its heart that we have been oversubscribed for next year’s starts and finishes.
Start and end points for the 2016 Tour de Yorkshire
“The Tour de Yorkshire is an event in the cycling calendar that riders want to race in and we look forward to welcoming some of the world’s best riders back to Yorkshire next year.”
Otley’s MP, Greg Mulholland said he was “absolutely delighted” that the town’s passion for cycling was being recognised.
He said: “It would be amazing if we could see Lizzie racing in Otley. The people of the town are just so proud of her success and want to enjoy her achievements as much as possible.”
The women’s race is set to take place on Saturday April 30.
South Yorkshire will play host for the first time at some point over the weekend of April 29, 30 and May 1 2016. Mayor of Doncaster, Ros Jones said: “It’s now our time to grab a piece of the action. This will raise the profile of Doncaster, our history and local towns and villages.”
Neil Firth, head of service for major projects and investment at Doncaster council said the legacy of the Tour de Yorkshire is ‘unquantifiable’.
He added: “Yorkshire is now an international brand and we want to shout about Doncaster and be a bigger part of that.”
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Welcome to Yorkshire received 14 expressions of interest to host a Tour de Yorkshire start or finish in 2016 and four locations which missed out, Fox Valley (Sheffield), Halifax, Harrogate and Selby have been announced as 2017 hosts.
Despite recent revelations that the Tour de France Grand Depart left Welcome to Yorkshire with £1m losses, Sir Gary emphasised the positive legacy of the Tour in Yorkshire.
He said: “The Tour de Yorkshire is the second biggest cycling event in the world, it attracted one and a half million spectators and over six million global television viewers. The organisers have never seen anything like Yorkshire.
“We need to build on this and make sure that Yorkshire is the first place in the world where every child has access to a bike.”
Welcome to Yorkshire’s decision to include Middlesbrough as a host has reignited the age-old debate about Teeside’s position in Yorkshire.
Sir Gary said: “Many people say it is still Yorkshire, many others say it is not but it is part of the ceremonial Yorkshire and it has the passion for cycling that we want and will get people behind the event.”
The town opened a £1.6m velodrome last month. Cllr Lewis Young from Middlesbrough Council said: “We are not seeing this as being part of Yorkshire, this is us working closely with our neighbours.”
The full 2016 race route will be announced in December, and Sir Gary he would not give up attempts to extend the event to four days in the future - despite British Cycling rejecting the request earlier this year.
He added: “We want the race to be a four-day race from a sporting point of view - it gives us a balanced race, with potentially two flat stages and two hilly stages, so it is appeals to a broad spectrum of riders.
“We’ve no desire to go beyond four days - it is the right duration for this kind of race. Everybody is in favour of it - Mark Cavendish, Chris Froome, the broadcasters, the sponsors and the public. It is up to us to convince the board of British Cycling that there is a huge demand for this.”
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Texas Securities Regulators Order Unregistered Broker to Pay Back His Victims
Securities fraud and stockbroker fraud are not just federal matters. Florida and other states utilize their own securities regulators who are charged with protecting the public from unregistered and unlicensed brokers who defraud investors. For example, on April 7, the Texas State Securities Board (TSSB) announced a plea agreement with Robert P. McGann, an unregistered broker who was previously cited twice for violating state securities laws. The TSSB said McGann “took money from investors who purchased interests in promissory notes.” The Board noted some of these investors were elderly.
On January 17, 2008, the TSSB cited McGann and at least five other individuals for offering unregistered, illegal securities to investors in Texas. McGann and his associates sold “bonded life contracts, also referred to as line of credit promissory notes with security agreements” which promised returns of 15% for up to seven years. One of the entities used by McGann’s co-defendant was previously the subject of a receivership in a Florida state court. This, along with other material information, was never disclosed to investors, as required by Texas securities law.
Seven months later, on August 25, 2008, the TSSB entered a second order against McGann and his limited liability company, SGL, for again selling bonded life contracts without first registering as a securities broker. Despite the fact the January order enjoined McGann from continuing to violate securities laws, the August order had to reiterate this injunction.
It appears two injunctions did not stop McGann, however. According to his April 2014 arrest record, McGann was charged with theft of property and money laundering. The TSSB said as part of his plea agreement, McGann would pay “full restitution of $141,234” to his victims. He is also required to surrender his license to sell insurance in Texas. McGann’s plea is considered a “deferred adjudication,” which means he entered a guilty plea but the court will not record a conviction so long as he stays out of further legal trouble for the next seven years. In effect, deferred adjudication is a form of probation.
Investors Must Always Do Their Due Diligence
In Florida, selling unregistered securities is a third-degree felony. Under 2012 legislation passed by the Florida legislature, a person faces up to five years in state prison for failing to properly register certain securities offered for sale to the public.
All Florida investors should do their due diligence before purchasing any investment product. You should check with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or the Florida Office of Financial Regulation’s Division of Securities to ensure all required registration statements have been filed. You should never deal with a “broker” who is not properly registered in the state that you live or where you are located when making any securities transaction.
If you have been dealing with an unregistered broker or have purchased an unregistered securities offering such as a promissory note or bonded life contract, it is important you seek independent legal advice from an experienced Florida securities and stockbroker fraud attorney. Contact Gregory Tendrich, P.A., in Boca Raton today.
By Gregory Tendrich, P.A. | Posted on May 27, 2015 Tags: Boca Raton Securites Fraud Lawyer, Boca Raton Securites Fraud Lawyers, Boca Raton Stock Broker Fraud Attorney, Boca Raton Stock Broker Fraud Attorneys, McGann, Texas State Securities Board, TSSB, Unregistered Broker
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Suicide Attempts by Self-poisoning have more than Doubled in Teens, Young Adults
A new study from Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Central Ohio Poison Center found rates of suicide attempts by self-poisoning among adolescents have more than doubled in the last decade in the U.S., and more than tripled for girls and young women.
The study, published online today in the Journal of Pediatrics, evaluated the incidence and outcomes from intentional suspected-suicide self-poisoning in children and young adults ages 10 to 24 years old from 2000-18. In the 19-year time period of the study, there were more than 1.6 million intentional suspected-suicide self-poisoning cases in youth and young adults reported to U.S. poison centers. More than 71% (1.1 million) of those were female.
"The severity of outcomes in adolescents has also increased, especially in 10- to 15-year-olds," said Henry Spiller, MS, D.ABAT, director of the Central Ohio Poison Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and co-author of the study. "In youth overall, from 2010-2018 there was a 141% increase in attempts by self-poisoning reported to U.S. poison centers, which is concerning."
Previous research has shown that suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people aged 10 to 24 years, and that while males die by suicide more frequently than females, females attempt suicide more than males. Self-poisoning is the most common way that someone attempts suicide and third most common method of suicide in adolescents, with higher rates in females.
"Suicide in children under 12 years of age is still rare, but suicidal thoughts and attempts in this younger age group do occur, as these data show," said John Ackerman, PhD, clinical psychologist and suicide prevention coordinator for the Center for Suicide Prevention and Research at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and co-author of the study. "While certainly unsettling, it's important that parents and individuals who care for youth don't panic at these findings, but rather equip themselves with the tools to start important conversations and engage in prevention strategies, such as safe storage of medications and reducing access to lethal means. There are many resources and crisis supports available around the clock to aid in the prevention of suicide, and suicide prevention needs to start early."
According to the Big Lots Behavioral Health experts at Nationwide Children's, parents should check in regularly with their children, ask them directly how they are doing and if they have ever had thoughts about ending their life. These direct questions are even more critical if warning signs of suicide are observed.
"There is no need to wait until there is a major crisis to talk about a plan to manage emotional distress. Actually, a good time to talk directly about suicide or mental health is when things are going well," said Ackerman, whose suicide prevention team provides comprehensive programming to more than 120 central and southeast Ohio schools and delivers suicide prevention training to community organizations that serve youth. "A helpful starting point for any parent to increase the dialogue is OnOurSleeves.org, which has resources about beginning this important conversation as a family. The American Association of Suicidology and American Foundation for Suicide Prevention also have many resources."
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Glow Wellness Tour in Philly: Promoting health and wellness for Latinas, women of color
Women in attendance in the Glow Wellness Tour event in Philadelphia on June 8th. Photo: Jensen Toussaint/AL DÍA News
The Glow Wellness Tour allowed diverse women of color to come together and discuss the issues and challenges that impact them, while showing support for one another.
by jensent
Jensen Toussaint
Glow Wellness Tour in Philly: Promoting health...
By Jensen Toussaint
Women of color can show a level of support and community among each other unlike any other—the Glow Wellness Tour shows exactly that.
Candy Calderón created the Glow Wellness Tour after attending countless other wellness events over the years, in which she realized that many of them were created without women of color in mind. Therefore, she felt she simply couldn't relate.
"I created the Glow Wellness Tour to address the specific needs and challenges of women of color," said Calderón. "because for the longest time, we’ve been neglected, and it’s due time that we created something for us and by us."
After previous stops in New York City, the Glow Wellness Tour came to Philadelphia on Sat., June 8.
“I knew that we needed this,” Calderón said of bringing the Glow Wellness Tour to her "City of Brotherly Love" hometown. "We have so much in the city, the city’s so beautiful, it’s so welcoming, but at the same time, I felt that we still were lacking in the diversity and inclusion when it comes to wellness in women.”
This event functioned as a way to address this lack of diversity and inclusion in wellness, particularly for women of color.
Throughout the duration of the event, four groups of panelists comprised of strong, powerful, inspiring women of color each shared their personal stories and experiences, as well as tips that went towards their journey of overcoming those challenges—challenges that impact their community. The four main topics were holistic health & wellness; mental health & body positivity; destigmatizing abuse; and finding your spiritual self.
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Often when we think of the concept of wellness, it's often from a thin lens of physical activity. While physical activity is important, wellness encompasses so much more.
As a certified holistic nutrition and wellness coach, Calderón fully believes that health and wellness must be addressed from a holistic approach, particularly regarding nutrition "because it's the first step we can control."
We can control our diet, but there are other components of health and wellness that isn't as easily controlled.
The first panel of the event—focused on health & wellness and decolonizing your diet—highlighted this dynamic.
Moderated by Calderón, the panel consisted of fitness model and health coach Fabiana Ferrarini, health & fitness coach and personal trainer Diva Richards, and chef Christina Martinez.
Through the work these women do in their respective fields, they were able to provide the valuable information needs to address the many factors that can lead to poor nutrition habits.
"The energy around you and the things that are happening in your life affect your body in such a crucial way," Richards said.
The women agreed that relationships and personal situations play a critical role in how an individual addresses their health and wellness.
"If you surround yourself with negativity each and every day, you're going to be sucked into all that," said Ferrarini. "It's very hard to pull yourself away from that because you become so accustomed to it, and you think that's your day-to-day... so your relationships, who you surround yourself with is one of the major factors."
Nutrition often starts with how the individual is feeling, so one of the first steps in taking a holistic approach towards the health and wellness of the body is by being mindful of that connection.
Tips for taking a holistic approach:
Building a good relationship with your food intakes
Taking simple steps towards nutrition
Incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and water
Reading food labels and ingredients
Cutting out sugar and processed foods
Implementing more fiber
Journaling what you eat
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Just as important as our physical health is the health of our mind. For women of color of diverse backgrounds, conversations about mental health is almost non-existent.
"When we're talking about seeking help, even less," said Calderón. Getting advice, such as, 'Get over it,' or 'Just pray on it' creates a burden on the community that often makes it difficult for women of color to discuss their mental health challenges.
The second panel of the event provided the space to have that conversation and move towards eradicating the stigma surrounding mental health.
Moderated by social media producer and director Laiza Montanez, the panel also focused on body positivity, emotional distress, and how to get over self-love hurdles. The other panelists were entrepreneur & executive director Kiera Smalls, director of promotions & entrepreneur Delilah Dee, psychotherapist and activist Kim Ashby, and blogger, content producer & digital marketer Amber Burns.
Each panelist shared their personal experiences with mental health challenges, and how being a woman of color impacted their healing journey.
For communities of color, much of the depression, anxiety and emotional distress is rooted in the generations of trauma and oppression these communities has had to endure, and the lack of open conversations about mental health dates back to this idea of just simply enduring it silently.
Around the time Ashby was beginning to figure out that she wanted to be a therapist, she also initially had beliefs that she should be the last person to enter this field. However, she came to realize how her own challenges could impact her work.
"I really found that I have a lot of strength and a lot of power in the fact that I've had some of these experiences, and it allows me to empathize with people going through mental health struggles to a much deeper and greater degree, because I have those experiences," she said.
"When it comes to being a black woman, I recognize that I am at the intersection of so many forms of oppression," she added. "Part of liberation for me is really trying to support my mental health in those contexts, and trying to thrive and grow... despite those challenges."
The process of mental healing is an everyday endeavor, and perhaps the most effective way to address a mental health challenge is to acknowledge that it exists, try to understand what exactly the challenge is, be unafraid to seek help, and work towards the healing process.
"Sit down with yourself, understand who you are as a person, and try to work... on what you can fix," said Dee, as a piece of advice. "And don't be afraid to talk to people."
"When we're in these dark spaces, we feel like we're alone, but we're not."
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Domestic and sexual violence can play a big role in hurting an individual's mental and emotional health.
The third panel focused on destigmatizing abuse, and was moderated by Yaya Rivera. The panelists consisted of author & entrepreneur Vanessa Coppes, sexual violence advocate Benzii Diaz, advocate for women against abuse & professional MMA fighter Jamie Colleen, and therapist Kim Ashby. All of which are women who are domestic and sexual abuse survivors, working towards legislation and services aimed at destigmatizing the
According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, on average, nearly 20 people per minute are physically abused by an intimate partner in the United States. This equates to nearly 10 million people abused each year.
Part of the reason the numbers are so high is due to a lack of transparency in the situation.
"Too often we [as a society] feel that transparency is a sign of weakness," said Rivera. "In reality, it's a sign of strength."
These traumatic experiences caused a lot of hardship for these survivors, as adjectives such as "damaged, "broken", "isolated", "angry", and "lost" were used to describe how those abusive experiences made them feel.
In the state of Pennsylvania, victims who are over the age of 18 at the time the abuse have just two years to report a civil case, whereas a victim under the age of 18 at the time of the abuse have up to 12 years after their 18th birthday to file a civil case.
For the past few years, Diaz has worked with state legislators in an effort to abolish this statute of limitations.
"I'm fighting for those women who have been abused, who are afraid to come out and say 'I have been abused,' and I am seeking justice," she said. "As Latinas, or people of color, we do not have that forefront, that strong foundation. And that's what we need to create."
Victims of domestic or sexual abuse are not the ones at fault. However, society can conceive the idea that it is, which can affect future relationships with others. However, forgiving the abuser can go a long way towards overcoming the trauma that comes with their experiences.
"I think that's there's a difference in fault versus responsibility," said Colleen. "It might not be your fault that something happened to you, but it is your responsibility to take your power back and to move forward with your life in a healthy way."
"Once you let go of all the negativity, then you won't bring it into your next relationship, and you can sort of have a clean slate and start fresh," she added.
Spirituality is a fairly broad concept, with many different interpretations—different from religion.
The fourth and final panel, moderated by Calderón, and featured panelists Chanel Manicato, Imani Christina, Nathalie Farfan, and Neelou Malekpour, highlighted how an individual can explore their spiritual self.
Harnessing your energy can help heal the various mental, physical, and emotional challenges an individual may face.
The panelists all shared their personal approaches towards this, and how they help others to do the same.
The Glow Wellness Tour event in Philadelphia showed just how interconnected our daily endeavors and interactions are, and how impactful these situations are to our overall health and wellness. Women of color endure challenges that most other communities often don't have to face. This dynamic makes an event like this much more crucial to have—to show unity and support for one another. More wellness events where women of color can sit and talk about the challenges they face and their needs can become one of the most effective ways to strengthen the community and show just how impactful and influential they are.
Glow Wellness Tour: Philadelphia
Fri, 06/14/2019 - 5:07pm -- jensent
The next stop of the Glow Wellness Tour will be announced soon!
Candy Calderón
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Home > Regional > ZAGORSKI EXECUTION TEMPORARILY HALTED
ZAGORSKI EXECUTION TEMPORARILY HALTED
Regional, Top Stories
A federal appeals court has temporarily halted the execution of Tennessee death row inmate Edmund Zagorski to allow time for consideration of arguments that he had poor legal representation during his trial and sentencing. In a split decision, a three-judge panel of the 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a stay of Zagorski’s execution, which had been scheduled for today.
Execution plans remain on hold while the court resolves questions of whether Zagorski had adequate representation. The court set no immediate timeline for when it would decide the issue.
Zagorski’s lawyer, Kelley Henry, had argued on a separate track that the state’s lethal injection method of execution was unconstitutional. Earlier in the week she had notified the state that Zagorski preferred to die in the electric chair because he considered the state’s method of lethal injection a violation of the 8th Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.
Under Tennessee law, inmates have the option to request execution by another method, but the state had refused Zagorski’s request because it said he did not make it in a timely manner.
Henry also had asked the U.S. Supreme Court to take up questions of whether the state’s lethal injection method constituted cruel and unusual punishment.
Edmund Zagorski, lethal injection, Tennessee death row inmate, U.S. Supreme Court, Zagorski execution halted
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CONVICTED MURDERER SANG HYMNS DURING HIS EXECUTION
TENNESSEE’S DEATH-ROW EXECUTION SCHEDULE BUCKS NATIONAL TREND
TENNESSEE DEATH ROW INMATE MILLER ELECTROCUTED THURSDAY NIGHT
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UK: Jewish MP blasts would-be Labor Party head for ‘anti-Semitic’ ties
A Jewish politician from Britain’s Labor Party said the views of Jeremy Corbyn, the front-runner to head the party, are cause for “serious concern.”
Ivan Lewis, the shadow, or minority, party cabinet minister who is also a former chief executive of the Manchester Jewish Federation, urged his party not to vote for Corbyn.
“Some of [Corbyn’s] stated political views are a cause for serious concern,” Lewis said in letter to his local party members on Friday, according to the Guardian. “At the very least he has shown very poor judgment in expressing support for and failing to speak out against people who have engaged not in legitimate criticism of Israeli governments but in antisemitic rhetoric.”
Corbyn, who has ties to the Socialist Campaign Group, Amnesty International and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, was criticized on Wednesday by the Jewish Chronicle of London, which claimed that he had ties to “Holocaust deniers, terrorists and some outright anti-Semites.”
“We are certain that we speak for the vast majority of British Jews in expressing deep foreboding at the prospect of Mr. Corbyn’s election as Labour leader,” the newspaper editorialized.
The editorial was written a day after The Daily Mail reported that Corbyn defended a conspiracy theorist who blamed Israel for Sept. 11 in February.
In response to the Jewish Chronicle editorial, Corbyn released a statement saying he was “proud to represent a multicultural constituency of people from all over the world and to speak at every opportunity of understanding between Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and other faiths,” the Guardian reported.
Lewis is the first senior Labor politician to attack Corbyn’s credentials on anti-Semitism.
“It saddens me to have to say to some on the left of British politics that anti-racism means zero tolerance of antisemitism, no ifs, and no buts. I have said the same about Islamophobia and other forms of racism to a minority of my constituents who make unacceptable statements,” Lewis said. more
Labels: Country: United Kingdom , Perpetrators: Left wing , Perpetrators: Politicians
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Hematidrosis: Did Jesus Sweat Blood?
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Reason and Revelation Volume 37 #7
by Dave Miller, Ph.D.
Luke, the author of the New Testament books of Luke and Acts, who himself, by profession, was a physician. His writings manifest an intimate acquaintance with the technical language of the Greek medical schools of Asia Minor.
Of the four gospel writers, only Dr. Luke referred to Jesus’ ordeal as “agony” (agonia). It is because of this agony over things to come that we learn during His prayer “his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground” (Luke 22:44). Only Luke referred to Jesus’ sweat (idros)—a much used term in medical language. And only Luke referred to Jesus’ sweat as consisting of great drops of blood (thromboi haimatos)—a medical condition alluded to by both Aristotle and Theophrastus.1 The Greek term thromboi (from which we get thrombus, thrombin, et al.) refers to clots of blood.2 Bible scholar Richard Lenski commented on the use of this term: “‘As clots,’ thromboi, means that the blood mingled with the sweat and thickened the globules so that they fell to the ground in little clots and did not merely stain the skin.”3
The Greek word hosei (“as it were”) refers to condition, not comparison, as Greek scholar Henry Alford observed:
The intention of the Evangelist seems clearly to be, to convey the idea that the sweat was (not fell like, but was) like drops of blood;—i.e., coloured with blood,—for so I understand the ώσεί, as just distinguishing the drops highly coloured with blood, from pure blood…. To suppose that it only fell like drops of blood (why not drops of any thing else? And drops of blood from what, and where?) is to nullify the force of the sentence, and make the insertion of ἁίματος not only superfluous but absurd.4
We can conclude quite justifiably that the terminology used by the gospel writer to refer to the severe mental distress experienced by Jesus was intended to be taken literally, i.e., that the sweat of Jesus became bloody.5
A thorough search of the medical literature demonstrates that such a condition, while admittedly rare, does occur in humans. Commonly referred to as hematidrosis or hemohidrosis,6 this condition results in the excretion of blood or blood pigment in the sweat. Under conditions of great emotional stress, tiny capillaries in the sweat glands can rupture,7 thus mixing blood with perspiration. This condition has been reported in extreme instances of stress.8 During the waning years of the 20th century, 76 cases of hematidrosis were studied and classified into categories according to causative factors. The most frequent causes of the phenomenon were found to be “acute fear” and “intense mental contemplation.”9 While the extent of blood loss generally is minimal, hematidrosis also results in the skin becoming extremely tender and fragile,10 which would have made Christ’s pending physical insults even more painful.
From these factors, it is evident that even before Jesus endured the torture of the cross, He suffered far beyond what most of us will ever suffer. His penetrating awareness of the heinous nature of sin, its destructive and deadly effects, the sorrow and heartache that it inflicts, and the extreme measure necessary to deal with it, make the passion of Christ beyond comprehension.
1 William K. Hobart (1882), The Medical Language of St. Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1954 reprint), pp. 80-84.
2 W. Robertson Nicoll, ed. (no date), The Expositor’s Greek Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans), 1:631; M.R. Vincent (1887), Word Studies in the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1946 reprint), 1:425.
3 R.C.H. Lenski (1961), The Interpretation of St. Luke’s Gospel (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg), p. 1077.
4 Henry Alford (1874), Alford’s Greek Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1980 reprint), 1:648, italics in orig.; cf. A.T. Robertson (1934), A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press), p. 1140.
5 Cf. A.T. Robertson (1930), Word Pictures in the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker), 2:272.
6 A.C. Allen (1967), The Skin: A Clinicopathological Treatise (New York: Grune and Stratton), second edition, pp. 745-747; “Hematidrosis” (2002), Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, p. 832, https://goo.gl/U192fY.
7 R. Lumpkin (1978), “The Physical Suffering of Christ,” Journal of Medical Association of Alabama, 47:8-10.
8 See R.L Sutton, Jr. (1956), Diseases of the Skin (St. Louis, MO: Mosby College Publishing), eleventh edition, pp. 1393-1394.
9 J.E. Holoubek and A.B. Holoubek (1996), “Blood, Sweat, and Fear. ‘A Classification of Hematidrosis,’” Journal of Medicine, 27[3-4]:115-33. See also J. Manonukul, W. Wisuthsarewong, et al. (2008), “Hematidrosis: A Pathologic Process or Stigmata. A Case Report with Comprehensive Histopathologic and Immunoperoxidase Studies,” American Journal of Dermatopathology, 30[2]:135-139, April; E. Mora and J. Lucas (2013),“Hematidrosis: Blood Sweat,” Blood, 121[9]:1493, February 28.
10 P. Barbet (1953), A Doctor at Calvary: The Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ as Described by a Surgeon (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Image Books), pp. 74-75; cf. Lumpkin, 1978.
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Good News, Record Labels: A Virginia Company Plans To Open A Vinyl Pressing Plant
By Ally Schweitzer
As demand for vinyl soars, Virginia company Furnace MFG reportedly plans to open its own record-pressing facility.
This story has been updated to include new information from Furnace MFG president and CEO Eric Astor.
Record-making is a specialized business. Not many vinyl-pressing plants exist in the United States these days: Reports estimate that there are between 12 and 20 facilities making records stateside. But it’s not enough. Existing plants — including ones located overseas — can’t keep up with soaring demand for new vinyl.
That’s why Northern Virginia company Furnace MFG is planning to open its own pressing plant.
Based in Merrifield in Fairfax County, Furnace MFG has been in business since 1996, when it began cranking out large numbers of CDs and DVDs for various clients. Later on the company got into the vinyl business, which proved to be lucrative. It started taking vinyl orders and sending them to pressing plants in Europe, handling packaging and shipping from its Virginia facility. Furnace’s sales doubled, according to Virginia Business magazine.
Furnace still didn’t manufacture its own records, though. Even with annual revenue reportedly in the multimillions, the company deemed the equipment too expensive. A new press could cost as much as $500,000, Furnace president and CEO Eric Astor told the New York Times in 2013.
But in February, Astor says, he got his big break. He’d been in touch with a man in Mexico whose family had purchased a number of presses to use in their plastics business. The man initially wanted to start his own pressing operation, but decided it was too big a job. So Astor bought the machines and sent some of his employees to pick them up from Mexico City. Retrieving the presses was no small task, Astor says.
“It was quite an adventure, like a telenovela, if you will,” says the business owner. One of the men helping his staff move the presses out of their facilities armed himself with a machete to scare away squatters, he says, and Furnace employees were encouraged to lay low to deflect attention in public.
“It was obvious [that] gringos were in town taking equipment out of the country,” Astor says. “We had to shut down streets, and there was all kinds of commotion… We really didn’t think the machines would make their way to the U.S…. It was kind of a crapshoot.”
But he says it was worth the trouble because usable, affordable record presses are hard to find. It could be a big boon for his business, too. Word of a new American pressing plant should relieve the many musicians and record labels frustrated by existing facilities’ long wait times, caused by relentless demand at a limited number of plants.
Furnace MFG hasn’t decided on a location for the facility, Astor says, and that might take a while. He wants to buy a building — concerned about the risk of installing more than $2 million in equipment in a leased space — and he wants to stay close to Merrifield, because he’d like to keep the skilled staff he already has.
Astor estimates that getting the plant off the ground will cost several million dollars overall, and could take at least a year or longer, especially considering the level of technical savvy required.
“This is kind of an art form,” Astor says. “You really need to know the machines. You need to know the squeals and squeaks and hisses and know what they mean. Because there’s no manual for any of this stuff.”
Modified image by Flickr user [a.d.] used under a Creative Commons license.
Tags Eric Astor, Furnace MFG, Pressing plants, Record stores, Vinyl
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The Matching Shoe: Young Bandmates Step Forward with Their Debut LP Release—and a Tour Ahead
Home / Event / The Matching Shoe: Young Bandmates Step Forward with Their Debut LP Release—and a Tour Ahead
By Cara Wegener
In Event, Feature
The Matching Shoe: Young Bandmates Step Forward with Their Debut LP Release—and a Tour Ahead2019-05-142019-05-14http://www.alivemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/logo_header.pngAlivehttp://alivemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/matchi-e1557760759636.jpg200px200px
The Matching Shoe began with two neighbors, Dillon Wilfong (vocals/drums/guitar) and Ben Vennard (keyboards/bass/vocals). At only 21 and 22 years old, Wilfong and Vennard recently returned from their mainstage appearance at the National Association of Music Merchants annual show in southern California and are rapidly growing their “shoe-head” following. Currently working with local agency TalentPlus, The Matching Shoe has a brand-new LP and is ready to hit the road for its very first tour out West.
Wilfong and Vennard grew up just down the street from one another in Kirkwood, a suburb of St. Louis. Vennard learned classical piano as a child, going on to study classical-music orchestration in Indiana. It was there he decided the competitive nature did not feel true to the music he wanted to make.
Wilfong claims a slightly different musical upbringing: “I walked into class, and Liam Terrio, (Wilfong’s first bandmate who tragically passed away in 2017) was wearing a Led Zeppelin t-shirt, and I had my AC/DC shirt on, so we made friends. He played guitar, so I thought, ‘If you can play, I can play.’ I took lessons for two weeks and I hated it, so I just started listening to songs and trying to learn them,” Wilfong says. Their diverse training works well when it comes to songwriting, they say. “Our brains are wired very differently, so we come up with things the other can’t,” Vennard says.
The chemistry between them is apparent as they take on an exceptionally mature psychedelic pop-rock sound. Their original songs have been compared to early Jethro Tull and “Revolver”-era Beatles. Some of their big influences include Wilco, Johnny Cash, Pink Floyd and The Beatles. When asked about how their style originated, Wilfong says, “It just kind of unfolded that way. When we starting playing more together in late 2015, our music tastes started coming together.”
The boys are no strangers to hard work, holding residencies at various bars in town, including every other Wednesday evening at Scarlett’s Wine Bar in the Central West End. Thanks to their impressive repertoire of ‘60s and ‘70s cover songs, you’ll hear everything from The Doors to Elton John. “We are always playing at least one to two gigs a week; there’s rarely any dead time,” Wilfong says.
Their full-length album, “Right On”, released in April, is described by Wilfong as “album rock”—a term used to cover all bases. “That includes everything: Pink Floyd, Allman Brothers; it’s about experiencing the whole album. It’s folk, rock, rhythm and blues, punk.”
The “Right On” release show is May 17 at the Old Rock House. Dominic Anzalone will play drums, with Steve Nowels on bass. Although their rhythm section tends to change, this will also be the lineup going out West this summer. “The whole idea for the tour stemmed from us being asked to play the Huichica Festival. It’s a two-day camp-out festival held on the oldest American winery.” In a brand-new van, on their first tour, LP in hand, the future looks bright for these young musicians.
As far as their music goals go, Wilfong says, “All I want is a solid band, to go on the road and to share our taste in music and our writing style.” And as for Vennard, he says, “It would be cool to be financially solvent.” Ah, every sensible musician’s dream.
“Right On” is available on all streaming services. Tickets for the Friday, May 17, release show at the Old Rock House can be purchased online for $10. Doors open at 7 p.m.
Images courtesy of Bailey Elizabeth Rogers.
Guided, Kirkwood, live music, missouri, Music, Saint Louis, Story
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Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was a prominent American architect who designed buildings in Albany, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and other cities. The style he popularized is named for him: Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of “the recognized trinity of American architecture”.
Henry Hobson Richardson,
Richardson is one of few architects to be immortalized by having a style named after him. “Richardsonian Romanesque”, unlike Victorian revival styles like Neo-Gothic, was a highly personal synthesis of the Beaux-Arts predilection for clear and legible plans, with the heavy massing that was favored by the pro-medievalists. It featured picturesque roofline profiles, rustication and polychromy, semi-circular arches supported on clusters of squat columns, and round arches over clusters of windows on massive walls.
Learn More About Richardson on Wikipedia
The Hoffstots
Gideon Norton Hoffstot was born in York County, Pennsylvania, on February 13, 1812. His parents, John and Mary Norton Hoffstot, had immigrated from Germany and England, respectively. His wife, Mary Cannon Hoffstot, was born in October 1822 in Ohio, to parents born in Pennsylvania.
The Hoffstots were married on October 25, 1838. They lived in Ohio in the 1840s and early 1850s, and settled in Allegheny City by I 856, renting a house at the corner of Lacock and Morgan Streets. In 1856, Gideon N. Hoffstot was a partner in Wilkinson & Hoffstot, leather goods dealers, located at 217 Liberty Avenue in Pittsburgh. His partner was William Wilkinson of Penn Avenue in Pittsburgh.
Gideon Hoffstot and his family moved to the corner of lsabella and Anderson Streets in Allegheny City in the late l850s. At about the same time, Hoffstot terminated his partnership in Wilkinson & Hoffstot and opened a leather goods store on Liberty Avenue near Ninth Street.
Records of the 1860 census show that Gideon and Mary Hoffstot had three children: Ada, 20, DeWitt, 18, who was employed as a clerk, and John, seven. The 1860 census reported that Gideon Hoffstot owned no real estate and had a personal estate of $5000, comparable to around $400,000 in the early 21st century.
The last Hoffstot child, Frank Norton, was born in 1861. The Hoffstot family moved to Ninth Street in Pittsburgh in about 1866. They remained there until Gideon and Mary Hoffstot had 841 North Lincoln Avenue built in 1879-80.
In 1859, Gideon N. Hoffstot was among the founders of the Second National Bank of Pittsburgh, with which he remained associated for the rest of his life. He supported the bank’s founding as a stockholder, and subsequently joined the board of directors. He became vice president of the bank in around 1890. Hoffstot’s ability to build wealth for himself and his family and his prominence in the Pittsburgh business community were probably as much a result of his roles with the bank as his leather goods business.
It is also possible, if not likely, that Hoffstot was among the many Pittsburgh businessmen who profited from government contracts to sell goods to be used in the Civil War effort.
Gideon N. and Mary Hoffstot were 68 and 57 years old when they had 841 North Lincoln Avenue built in 1879-1880. The house was intended as a mansion, although it was not among the largest in its wealthy neighborhood.
Records of the 1880 census shows that the Hoffstot family and two servants lived at 841 North Lincoln Avenue. Gideon N. Hoffstot was a leather merchant, and Mary Hoffstot had no occupation. Two of the Hoffstot children lived in the house: Ada, 32, with no occupation, and Frank, 19, attending school. The family employed two servants who lived with them: Ida Nichols, 18, who had been born in Pennsylvania to English immigrant parents, and Albert Lawson, 20, a carriage driver born in Virginia.
In about 1885, Gideon N. Hoffstot became chairman of the Union Foundry and Machine Company. The company had offices on Fort Pitt Boulevard, Downtown, and its shops were in the Woods Run area of Allegheny City. Hoffstot continued in that position until he died on August 2l, 1894.
Records of the 1890 manuscript census, which would provide information on residents of 841 North Lincoln Avenue in that year, were destroyed in a warehouse fire in Washington, D.C. in the 1920s.
The 1900 manuscript census reported that Mary and Ada Hoffstot and two servants lived at 841 Lincoln Avenue. The Hoffstots’ servants were Minnie Bluemke, 18, who had immigrated from Germany in 1884, and William Dickson, 27, an African-American man who had been born in Pennsylvania. Dickson was a coachman and lived in the Hoffstot carriage house.
Mary Hoffstot died at home at 841 Lincoln Avenue on September 26, 1900. Ada Hoffstot lived at 841 Lincoln Avenue until she sold the house in 1903.
841 N Lincoln Avenue
Gideon N. and Mary Hoffstot had 841 North Lincoln Avenue built between March 1879 and early 1880. The house was constructed on property that Gideon N. Hoffstot had purchased for $11,500 in 1879. The Hoffstots had the house built in the Second Empire style, which is shown in its mansard roof, the façade’s projecting central section, segmentally arched window openings with ornate stone lintels, front door surround, and brackets below the box gutter. The Second Empire style was popular in the Pittsburgh area between about 1870 and 1885. The house took the place of a smaller, earlier dwelling that had stood on the site for a number of years.
Gideon N. Hoffstot was a Pittsburgh merchant, industrialist, and bank officer during the second half of the l9th century. He was born in York County, Pennsylvania, in 1812, and came to Pittsburgh with Mary Cannon Hoffstot in the 1850s. Hoffstot was a leather merchant on Liberty Avenue, Downtown, and later was chairman of the Union Foundry and Machine Company in the Woods Run area. He was also associated with the Second National Bank of Pittsburgh for 35 years, as a founder, stockholder, director, and vice-president. Through his various roles in Pittsburgh commerce, Hoffstot was one of the better-known local capitalists of his time. Gideon Hoffstot died in l894, and Mary Hoffstot died in l900. One of their children, Ada Hoffstot, sold 841 North Lincoln Avenue in 1903.
Members of the locally prominent Watson family owned and lived at 841 North Lincoln Avenue in the early 20th century. The family, however, began renting the house to tenants while they owned it. By l9l0, the house contained ten apartments that were home to 20 residents. The former Hoffstot house at 841 North Lincoln Avenue has now had a total of ten owners.
Detailed information on the history of the house is contained in the following report.
Charles Wilkins, merchant, of the town of Pittsburgh, conveyed property that included the site of 841 North Lincoln Avenue to John Irwin, esquire, of the town of Pittsburgh, for £30. This deed conveyed Out Lot 276 in the Reserve Tract opposite Pittsburgh and Lot 69 in the town of Allegheny. Out Lot 276 was a l0-acre tract of land situated on the western side of land laid out for a common, and bounded by what are now Brighton Road and Ridge, Galveston, and Western avenues. Lot 69 was a 60′ wide by 24O’ deep lot at the corner of Ohio and Sandusky streets.
John lrwin died intestate while owning Out Lot 276. He was survived by his widow Mary and four children, Margaret, John, William and Elizabeth.
(Deed Book Volume 2, Page 97)
Wlliam F. Irwin of the borough of Pittsburgh, a son and heir of John Irwin, rope maker, conveyed propety that included the site of 841 North Lincoln Avenue to John Irwin of the borough of Pittsburgh, another son and heir of John Irwin, for $1,772. This deed conveyed Out Lots 276, 263 and 268 in the Reserve Tract, containing l0 acres each, and property on Liberty Street in the borough of Pittsburgh.
(DBV 19 P 127)
John and Hannah Irwin of Allegheny town conveyed Out Lot 276 to Elizabeth Irwin and Margaret Irwin of Allegheny town. This deed was an amicable partition of the estate of John Irwin.
ohn and Abigail lrwin of Allegheny City conveyed property that included the site of 841 North Lincoln Avenue to John Frazier of Manchester borough for $1600. This deed conveyed a 48’wide by 285’7″ deep lot extending from Central Street (later Lincoln Avenue and Lynndale Avenue, now North Lincoln Avenue) to Ridge Avenue in the first ward of Allegheny City, and located 415′ west of Irwin Avenue (now Brighton Road). The property was known as lot 65 in John Irwin’s Plan of the Rope Walk.
(DBV 155 P 64)
John and Eleanor Frazier of Allegheny City conveyed property that included the site of 841 North Lincoln Avenue to William Stevenson of Allegheny County for $15,000. This deed conveyed a44’wideby 285’6.75″ deep lot that
consisted of all but the eastem 4′ of Lot 65 in John Irwin’s Plan of the Rope Walk.
(DBV 181 P 366)
William and Nancy Stevenson of Allegheny City conveyed the lot described in the January 25, 1865 deed to Joseph C. Tilton of Allegheny City for $15,000.
Allegheny County Sheriff R.H. Fife conveyed property that contained the site of 841 North Lincoln Avenue to the estate of William Stevenson, for $4500. This deed conveyed a 44′ wide by 143′ deep lot on Lincoln Avenue that was part of Lot 65 in John lrwin’s Plan of the Rope Walk. The property consisted of the lot on which 841 North Lincoln Avenue now stands, with an additional 10′ depth along the rear of the property that later became part of Chapel Way. The deed stated that the lot contained a two-story brick dwelling house with back buildings and other outbuildings.
(Sheriff’s Deed Book Volume 4, Page 171)
Nancy Stevenson, Martha L. Stevenson, Robert J. Stevenson, John E. and Kate Stevenson, Emma W. Stevenson, and Charles B. and Helen M. Grant, all of Philadelphia, conveyed property that contained the site of 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Gideon N. Hoffstot for $l1500. This deed conveyed the lot described in the April 20, 1878 deed.
(DBV 2849 P 610)
Gideon N. Hoffstot died while owning 841 North Lincoln Avenue. In his will (Allegheny County Will Book Volume 46, Page 543), he left the house to his daughter, Ada Hoffstot.
Ada Hoffstot of Allegheny City conveyed 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Mark W. Watson of Allegheny City for $18,000. The house occupied the lot described in the April 20, 1878 deed.
Martha Watson Sewell, Harriet B.W. and Henry Chalfant, all of Pittsburgh, Harriet Watson Sproul Bolton and Doria St. Clair Bolton, her husband, of London, England, and Julia Watson Horne, unmarried, of Santa Barbara, California, conveyed 841 and 835 North Lincoln Avenue to William J. and Pearl A. Schaffer of Pittsburgh for $34,500. The houses occupied a lot measuring 122′ wide by 140′ deep.
William J. and Pearl A. Schaffer of Derry, Westmoreland County, conveyed 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Margaret Wade of Pittsburgh for $11,500. The house occupied a 44’wide by 140′ deep lot.
The estate of Margaret Wade conveyed 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Daniels Realty Company for $21,500.
Daniels Realty Company conveyed 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation for $29,000.
The Landmarks Real Estate Corporation conveyed 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Maryanne Barnes of Allegheny County for $100,000. This deed included restrictions on exterior alterations to 841 North Lincoln Avenue that had been
placed on the house by Pittsburgh History and landmarks Foundation for a period of 99 years.
Maryanne Barnes conveyed 841 North Lincoln Avenue to Louis John DePellegrini for $136,500.
Oakglade Realty II LP purchased 841 North Lincoln Avenue from Louis John DePellegrini.
(DBV 15983 P 15)
Age of the House
Gideon N. and Mary Hoffstot had 841 North Lincoln Avenue built between March 1879 and early 1880, after demolishing a smaller house on the site.
An 1872 plat map of the Lincoln Avenue area shows that the lot on which 841 North Lincoln Avenue stands, then owned by Joseph C. Tilton, contained a house that occupied part of the western half of the lot. The map shows that the house was narrow and deep. When Nancy Stevenson, administrator of the estate of William Stevenson, purchased the property at sheriff’s sale on April 20, 1878, the deed stated that the property contained a two-story brick house and other buildings. An 1882 plat map of the area shows that the house now known as 841 North Lincoln Avenue had been built.
Gideon N. Hoffstot’s March 21, 1879 purchase of the lot on which 841 North Lincoln Avenue stands for $11,500 indicates that 841 North Lincoln Avenue had not yet been built.
Allegheny County records show that between about 1870 and l880, Allegheny West houses occupying single lots measuring 25′ to 30′ wide and 100′ to 140′ deep were worth $11,000 to $13,000. County records also show that undeveloped lots in Allegheny West during this time typically sold for 80 cents or more per square foot. A large house such as 841 North Lincoln Avenue, occupying a double lot, would have been worth significantly more than the $11,500 that Gideon N. Hoffstot paid for the property.
Pittsburgh city directories and U.S. census records indicate that Gideon N. Hoffstot and his family began living at 841 Lincoln Avenue by early 1880, suggesting that the present house was completed by that time. Exterior architectural features of 841 North Lincoln Avenue are also consistent with a construction date of 1879 to 1880.
Linking 841 and 835 North Lincoln Avenue
Mark W. Watson purchased 841 North Lincoln Avenue from Ada Hoffstot on March 24, 1903. Watson already owned 835 North Lincoln Avenue, where his family had lived for a number of years.
Allegheny City building permit dockets, available beginning in l894, show that on September 2, 1903, Watson received a permit for the construction of a wood frame section that linked 841 and 835 North Lincoln Avenue.
The structure was to be two stories in height and measure 12′ wide by 12′ deep. It’s estimated construction cost was $600.
A 1906 fire insurance map and a 1907 plat map confirm that the structure had been built.
Gideon and Mary Hoffstot had 841 North Lincoln Avenue built in the Second Empire style.
Second Empire buildings were characterized by mansard roofs, and sometimes by prominent door and window hoods or lintels, arched window openings, and central towers. The Second Empire style was used in the construction of thousands of houses built for occupancy by middle-class and wealthy families in Pittsburgh neighborhoods between approximately 1870 and 1885. The style shares some features with the contemporaneous Italianate style, particularly when used in rowhouse settings, but is distinguished from the ltalianate style by its use of a mansard roof.
Interior details of Second Empire and ltalianate houses and commercial buildings usually included flared newel posts and spindles, marble or wood mantels with arched openings, four-panel doors with porcelain knobs and ornamented cast-iron hinges, and non-symmetrical door and window trim with diagonally mitered corners.
In Pittsburgh, many Second Empire and Italianate houses were built with stairways that incorporated landings located about three steps below the main level of the second floor. Most Second Empire houses and commercial buildings that were constructed before about I 880 featured two-over-two double-hung windows, although larger and more ornate examples were built with one-over-one windows. Houses built in the style after around 1880 were usually built with one-over-one windows.
Known records do not identify an architect who is credited with the design of 841 North Lincoln Avenue.
Street Name and Numbering
The house at 841 North Lincoln Avenue was originally known as 66 Lincoln Avenue. The house was re-numbered 841 Lincoln Avenue when the Northside’s modern street numbering system was put in place in 1899. Lincoln Avenue became Lynndale Avenue in about 1909, when Pinsburgh city government changed a number of street names to eliminate duplication that resulted from Pittsburgh’s 1907 annexation of Allegheny City. The street was renamed North Lincoln Avenue in about 1913.
The First Owner
Pittsburgh directories, U.S. census records, and other sources provide information on Gideon N. and Mary Hoffstot.
The l9l0 census did not record any residents of 841 North Lincoln Avenue. The house was apparently either temporarily vacant or was missed by the census taker.
In 1920, according to census records, B.E.V. and Jessie Luty rented 841 North Lincoln Avenue. B.E.V. Luty, 47, was a trade newspaper correspondent. He had been born in Pennsylvania, to parents born in Switzerland and France.
Jessie, also 47, had been born in Ohio to parents born in Pennsylvania and Ohio. The couple had three children living at home: Eugenia, 25, a high school teacher, Donald, 20, and Bronson, 14.
In 1930, Carl and Elizabeth Stratford rented 841 North Lincoln Avenue for $150 per month, and shared the house with nine lodgers. Carl Stratford, 36, worked as a bus driver. Elizabeth, 37, had no occupation. They had been married for six years, and had no children. Both were at least second-generation Pennsylvania natives.
Lodgers who lived at 841 North Lincoln Avenue in 1930 were:
Frank J. Miller, 39, a bus driver, his wife Myrtle M., 36, and their children Mary M., ten,
and Frank J. Jr., four. All members of the family were born in Pennsylvania.
Henry Cameron, 22, an unmarried magazine salesman from Kentucky.
Rollin Edwards, 2l, an unmarried magazine salesman who was from Pennsylvania and at
Ieast partly of Welsh descent.
John Clutter, 28, a brush factory laborer, his wife Marie, 20, and their daughter Marie, four
All members of the Clutter family were Pennsylvania natives.
The 1940 census recorded 20 residents of 841 North Lincoln Avenue, in ten apartments in the house. That census was the first to gather information on education and income.
Hettie Ponter, 47, rented the first apartment that was enumerated for $30 per month. She was an apartment house keeper, and a widow with an eighth grade education. The census did not state her income. She had a son, William, who was 20 years old and a college student.
Bernard and Evelyn Moran rented their apanment for $24 per month. Bernard, 36, was a railroad brakeman. He had not worked or had any income in 1939. He had been born in Pennsylvania, and lived in Connellsville, Fayette County, in 1935. Evelyn, 23, had no occupation. She had been born in West Virginia, and in 1935 was a “Gypsy” in that state. Bernard had completed two years of college, and Evelyn had a high school diploma. The couple had one child, Paul R., who was four months old.
Albert Abaffy, 50, lived alone in an apartment that he rented for $20 per month. He was a freight truck driver who had been born in Hungary. He was a high school graduate. In 1939, he had worked 50 weeks and earned $1750.
Geraldine Becki, 31, rented for $24 per month. She was a Pennsylvania native with an eighth grade education, and her marital status was not stated. She had two children: Marjorie, 13, and Albert J., 11.
George Adams, 67, was a widower who rented for $22 per month. He was employed as a collector with a jewelry store. In 1939, he had worked 12 weeks and earned $800. He was a Pennsylvania native with a second grade education.
Sarah A. Bader, 31, was a sales clerk in a butcher shop, and rented for $24 per month. She was unmarried and had completed one year of high school . In 1939, she had worked 52 weeks and earned $1200. She was born in Pennsylvania.
Perry and Gertrude Anderson rented their apartment for $28 per month. Perry, 54, worked as an auditor for an accounting firm. In 1939, he had worked 52 weeks and earned $2400. He and Gertrude, 55, were native Pennsylvanians who had completed the eighth grade.
Elizabeth Campbell, 57, was a widow whose rent was $24. She worked as a matron in a theater, and had eamed $672 for 52 weeks of work in 1939. She had been born in Pennsylvania and had an eighth grade education.
George and Evelyn Stephens’s rent was $28 per month. George, 36, was a truck driver who had earned $ $1440 for 52 weeks work in 1939. He and Evelyn,25, were born native Pennsylvanians with eighth grade educations. They had three children: Beatrice, six, George, four, and Richard, two.
William Noble, 49, rented his small apartment for $4 per month. He was a retail bakery salesman with a fifth grade education. He had been unemployed during 1939. He had been born in Pennsylvania, and lived in Columbus, Ohio in 1935. He was married, but living apart from his wife.
The l940 census is the last census that provides information on occupants of 841 North Lincoln Avenue. Manuscript census records are withheld from public view for 72 years, to protect the privacy of persons who were enumerated.
842 Beech Avenue was built a few years after Beech Avenue and nearby streets began to develop as a genteel alternative to sections of Allegheny City like the east and south commons and the Anderson Street area, which were crowded and contained mixed residential, commercial and industrial uses by 1870. Most of the original residents of the houses of the type that line Beech Avenue were merchants or owners of small manufacturing firms who previously lived in older sections of Allegheny City. Many had moved to Allegheny City from Downtown Pittsburgh around the time of the Civil War.
The following materials accompany this report:
copies of plat maps of the area around 841 North Lincoln Avenue, published in 1872, 1882, 1901, 1907 and 1925
a copy of an 1884 fire insurance map of the area around 841 North Lincoln Avenue
“ln Memory of G. N. Hoffstot,” from the Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette , August 24, 1894
The obituary of Mary Hoffstot, from the Pittsburgh Post, September 27, 1900
A Researched History
By: Carol J. Peterson
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Here. A taste:
The misuse and misappropriation of the Bible in this country is a rampant problem that orthodox Christians must fight against on a daily basis. So, it is disheartening to see those very people, whose ordained office and status requires them to jealously guard the Word of God, not only allowing it to be misappropriated but committing, or at the very least endorsing, the misuse of the Scriptures.
This month the Providence Forum, a group dedicated to promoting “a Judeo-Christian worldview” and “emphasizing America’s historical Judeo-Christian roots,” published a Philadelphia Faith and Freedom tourist guide and a flashy (if slow) website in order to commemorate Philadelphia’s celebration of National Bible Week. The well-designed guide highlights many of the main tourist attractions, as well as a few off the regular itinerary (including Westminster Theological Seminary, which is headed by Providence Forum President Dr. Peter Lillback!). The guide seeks to show the influence of the Bible in Philadelphia and American history. Each site on the tour has a Bible verse connected with it. Many of the verses used are moral aphorisms, such as the quote attached to the City Tavern from Proverbs 27:17. “As iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another” (NIV). Many of these connections, however, strain credulity, such as tagging Deuteronomy 28:12 to the Second National Bank, “Thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow” (KJV).
Making out the Bible to be a book of moral sayings is bad enough since that rips the Bible out of its redemptive-historical context and ignores Christ. However, the guide does not stop there, but makes comparisons between the leaders of ancient Israel and George Washington crossing the Delaware:
Washington’s bold and dangerous move reflected his bold and constant trust in God’s providence His [George Washington's] actions reflect the virtues of Joshua 1:8 and Proverbs 3:5-6. Joshua 1:9 declares, “Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be terrified; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God will be with you wherever you go” (NIV) Proverbs 3:5-6 says, “Trust in the LORD with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make your paths straight” (NIV).
Did God command George Washington to cross the Delaware? Tying American patriots to Ancient Israel is dangerous business, especially since, according to the Reformed view, Israel is now Christ’s Church and Christ fulfilled the promises made to Israel.
One of the most inappropriate citations comes in the entry on the National Constitution Center:
The U.S. Constitution limits power by dividing government into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. This seems to be anticipated by Isaiah 33:22, which says “For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; it is he who will save us” (NIV). This passage suggests the three branches of our federal government.”
The American Constitution is “anticipated” by Isaiah! It is not only a historical error and incredibly presumptuous to make such a claim, but it is offensive to any sort of sensible exegesis. The constitution, no matter what the Mormons and some Evangelicals say, is not an infallibly divine document. It is the product of men and a certain historical context.
Throughout the guide, the connection is made between the Christian liberty promised in the Scriptures and the liberties fought for in the American Revolution. In the entry on Fort Mifflin it says that the fort “stands as a silent testimony of the resolve of the American people in the Revolutionary War to stand fast in the liberty that had been bequeathed to them by Penn’s Charter. As Galatians 5:1 says, ‘It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery’” (NIV).
It is true that many in the Revolution made this connection between Christian Liberty and Political Liberty. It became common parlance in political sermons at the time. The guide cites one such sermon in the entry of Christ Church which was where the Rev. Jacob Duche preached on Galatians 5:1 which says “Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage” (KJV). “In his message, Duche connected the spiritual liberty Christians have in Jesus Christ with the liberty they should have through a just government.”
The liberty Paul is talking about in this passage is freedom from the condemnation of the Law and sin. It is freedom from divine judgment because of the vicarious atonement of Jesus Christ. Paul is certainly not making any statement about political liberty. After all, it may be true that George Washington was a devout Christian. It may also be true that Benjamin Franklin. who is held up as a model throughout the guide, was a Christian as well (although his deist credentials are pretty strong). But it is also true that King George and many of the British soldiers and Tories claimed to be a Christians and were a members of the same denomination as George Washington. Just because political sermons during Revolution made this assertion does not make it any less of a grievous error....
Posted by Jonathan Rowe at 9:57 AM
Just because political sermons during Revolution made this assertion does not make it any less of a grievous error....
What’s the problem here? The idea of God-given liberty had been under development in Christian thought for over 500 years, from the Scholastics following Aquinas to the Reformed tradition following Beza and Peter Martyr Vermigli. It just didn’t drop down one day in America in the 1700s.
What's strange is that there seem to be many on the anti-Beck side who charge historical ignorance but seem unaware of their own theological and historical history.
Cross Culture said...
I do not deny that the idea of God given political liberties has a long tradition in Christianity. My point is that it is shoddy and dangerous exegesis. The idea of the Divine Right of Kings has just as long, if not longer, history. Both views are a fundamental distortion of Christianity, an immanentizing of the eschaton, if you will. While it is certainly appropriate for a historian to point out the history of such views, it is inexcusable for the President of a Reformed seminary to perpetuate them.
That would be your theological view. But this is a history blog, and why Jonathan Rowe would appropriate you here is a mystery. You seem to have no problem with Beck or Lillback on history grounds.
For the record, the explicit formulation of the Divine Right of Kings was a creature of c. 1600s England. The idea was challenged as early as 1150 CE by John of Salisbury in his popular Policraticus
http://www.davekopel.com/Misc/Mags/Policraticus.htm
As a matter of fact, Henry II had to do a public penance for the murder of Salisbury's friend Thomas a Becket. Clearly, the king had no divine right to do whatever he wanted.
This blog has done extensive work on Romans 13 and Divine Right, from Salisbury to the Schoolmen to the Reformed successors of Calvin to Bellarmine vs. Filmer vs. Locke and Sidney. It's actually a long but interesting story and perhaps you'd enjoy it.
It's not that your POV is theologically invalid, only that opposing views are---historically speaking---no less valid.
Cross Culture:
Well said. Lillback doesn't believe in taking off his "theologian" hat and putting on his "historian" hat.
I have no problem with conservative reformed theologians viewing themselves as that first, everything else later, as many of them note as their proper role.
However, if that's the case, they have no business perpetuating these "Christian America" historical theories. If it's inappropriate for ANYONE to be doing this, it's inappropriate for THEM according to their own self professed standards.
It is correct that I am making a theological point more than a historical one in my post. But there is also a historical point to be made. Lillback is not doing history qua history. He is using history in service of cultural/political point of view. When you do that, you are no longer a pure historian. Lillback does not look at the messiness Christianizing political liberties creates. It is almost always a wholly positive assessment. He does not look at the religious claims of the British. So while it is bad theology, it is also bad historiography.
Tom, this is more than just a "history" blog; it's an interdisciplinary blog.
Admittedly, neither you nor I are evangelicals, but I know what THEY think and their self professed standards. They believe in doing interdisciplinary studies, but when the different areas converge, their evangelicalism must always be the lens through which they view things. And that requires calling a spade a spade when examining the American Founding.
Lillback is not just doing "history." He's speaking historically, politically and theologically all at once. He's the one who stepped in this. And that's why I'm bringing this up and bringing Cross Culture in for the "theology."
King of Ireland said...
"Both views are a fundamental distortion of Christianity,"
How is God given rights based on man being made in the image of God a distortion? It goes back to the story of Noah?
"He's the one who stepped in this. And that's why I'm bringing this up and bringing Cross Culture in for the "theology."
Just like you do with Frazer but when you do it you and they bring sotierology into a place it does not need to go.
If they cannot take their "minister hat" off to do the history it is not history.
Dr. Gregg Frazer's method is the same miscegenation of theology and history, as is Mr. Cross Current's, yet you appropriate them approvingly, Jon. What's going on here? You're just adding to the muddle by conflating theology and history, and neither of them coherently.
Frazer and Cross current are entitled to their theological opinions, as are their opponents; determining which is correct is above the pay grade of this blog.
As for Lillback on history, I happen to share your disagreement about Washington's Christianity. However, the point of dispute seems to be whether to give Nellie Custis [sp?], a member of his household who said he was quite devout, any historical weight.
I do not, and neither do the secularists. However, I don't find it 100% certain that she should be denied standing, and so arguments giving her standing aren't necessarily invalid.
As for "social justice," apparently a creature of the 20th century, its validity again is a matter of theology, on which one can only have an opinion. Perhaps Jesus would have wanted a welfare state. I dunno, and neither does any other human being.
"Lillback does not look at the messiness Christianizing political liberties creates"
Explain this.
Well for one Frazer (and MacArthur above him), according to his own evangelical premises does a much better job at sorting out his evangelical Calvinistic premises from Americanism and American history than do Lillback and Barton.
And secondly, Frazer PURPORTS to be examining late 18th Century American understanding of "Christianity" and showing that, by these standards, none of the "key Founders" including George Washington were provably "Christian."
And no, Frazer is not using his personal four point Calvinism as the baseline for what is late 18th Cen. American Christianity but rather a lowest common denominator among the creeds of the Congregational, Presbyterian, Baptist, Anglican, Lutheran Churches AND ROMAN CATHOLIC.
It may not be as "separate" from his personal theology as you'd like, but it is significantly separate.
For those interested, they can check out Dr. Frazer's 10 point test in the link below. His work shows the "key Founders" (including GW) provably believed in one, maybe two points of the 10 point test and therefore were not "Christian" even though most of them appropriated that label for their creed.
http://tinyurl.com/nant34
Lillback is more than just a "minister" he is PRESIDENT of leading reformed Calvinistic seminary. He could clarify, but I don't believe he believes in ever taking that hat off.
King: There is a way to do history while keeping the ministers hat on. After all, there is no such thing in history as uninterpreted facts. But my point is that he is doing both shoddy history and shoddy theology. There is this third thing out there (politics, world view, I am not sure what to call it) which is shaping both of them.
As far as messiness goes, I mean that his picture of Civil Religion is one sided. It only looks at the Rebels but not the loyalists. Hart makes the point well about the unintended consequences of Social Justice theology in his posts.
I was gonna ask him if he was a Calvinist(it is that easy to spot one in just a few words) and then I went to his site and my suspicions were confirmed.
This is the beginning of the Frazer debates again just without Frazer. We could just re-post the first round and save time because both men believe the same thing. It is John Mac Arthur's beef with Christians being involved in politics.
None of them have ever answered my question though of why Jesus would pray for heaven to come to earth if he did not want to see it happen?
That would be more interesting than one Evangelical attacking the other over the role the Christian should play in politics. It is like watching re-runs of Seinfeld.
"It only looks at the Rebels but not the loyalists."
I am not following you here.
"And secondly, Frazer PURPORTS to be examining late 18th Century American understanding of "Christianity" and showing that, by these standards, none of the "key Founders" including George Washington were provably "Christian."
What doe this have to do with a study of what POLITICAL ideas influenced the founding? It is a red herring. If the Reformed people want to stay out of politics to focus on thier version of the gospel then they should REALLY do that and leave other Evangelicals that want to engage in politics alone. To even comment is hypocritical in so many ways.
It also does little but give secularists that could care less about the theology of all this a bat to beat their fellow evangelicals with.
If the Reformed people want to stay out of politics to focus on thier version of the gospel then they should REALLY do that and leave other Evangelicals that want to engage in politics alone.
Interesting argument. Or attack "social Gospel" advocates like President Obama with equal ferocity.
CNN didn't seem to have a problem with this:
http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/10/08/obama.faith/
Obama said he was pleased that leaders in the evangelical community such as T.D. Jakes and Rick Warren were beginning to discuss social justice issues like AIDS and poverty in ways evangelicals were not doing before.
"I think that's a healthy thing, that we're not putting people in boxes, that everybody is out there trying to figure out how do we live right and how do we create a stronger America," Obama said.
He finished his brief remarks by saying, "We're going to keep on praising together. I am confident that we can create a Kingdom right here on Earth."
Me, I don't have a problem with any of it. Goose, gander, First Amendment, come one, come all.
No King, it's not a red herring. If you want answers, we'll give you them later. Next week I have access to the photocopier at my college where I can upload a page that I have from a Mark Noll book on why each of the five points of Calvinism is in some way in tension with America's Founding political thought.
King: "If the Reformed people want to stay out of politics to focus on thier version of the gospel then they should REALLY do that and leave other Evangelicals that want to engage in politics alone. To even comment is hypocritical in so many ways."
Maybe I just misunderstood you, but do you recognize the irony of what you just said? I can be totally in favor of George Washington's politics and not believe that it is important whether or not he was a Christian. I would never say that Christians or anybody else should avoid politics. I just don't see why we have to fight over whether or not the founders were Christians. In doing so we are attempting to prove that our policy views are God's views. When you start doing that you are making a theological statement. Now, politics will always have a theological element to it since everybody approaches politics as a whole person. But my point is that Lillback's appropriation of the founder's use of Christianity is bad theology.
"Next week I have access to the photocopier at my college where I can upload a page that I have from a Mark Noll book on why each of the five points of Calvinism is in some way in tension with America's Founding political thought."
Calvinism does not equal Christianity.
"Calvinism does not equal Christianity."
But for myself and Peter Lillback it does. And I do not know what your theological convictions are, but I would bet I could find strong theological arguments from your standpoint as well.
" I just don't see why we have to fight over whether or not the founders were Christians."
I agree. More germane is how much the ideas of the country, specifically rights endowed by God, were influenced by Christian thought? This is the historical question.
One we have spent a lot of time on here at AC.
But my point is that Lillback's appropriation of the founder's use of Christianity is bad theology.
I hear the allegation loud and clear, but I don't see the argument, CC. Go for it.
At base, are theological arguments one doesn't agree with necessarily invalid? As for the "social Gospel," I can see how both sides are valid.
"But for myself and Peter Lillback it does. And I do not know what your theological convictions are, but I would bet I could find strong theological arguments from your standpoint as well."
When it comes to political theology there is much diverse thought within Calvinism. I have to ask you as well based on your statement if you think Christianity is just Calvinist? Did I here you right?
"I hear the allegation loud and clear, but I don't see the argument, CC. Go for it."
I bet it comes down to Romans 13.
I do not have time to get into a longer discussion of this right now, but I will try to get back to it later. My post touches on this.
I do believe that Calvinism is Christianity (not speaking historically but theologically). That does not mean that non-Calvinists cannot be saved. But that is a discussion that is more at home on my blog than here. So I will not enter into that. Feel free to comment on my blog and I will try to answer more clearly.
As one blog put it, this is "Calvinist "shop talk.
What appears clear is that Lillback isn't just shooting from the hip like some itinerant tent preacher [see below]. He seems accomplished as a Reformed scholar.
The thing is, none of us civilians are qualified to judge whether Rutherford's Lex, Rex is properly Calvinistic and therefore God's will. If Calvinists themselves can't agree, the rest of us are without hope.
But what is clear is that Lillback has standing as a Reformed theologian, both by his post and his obvious scholarship:
Several theological controversies among Reformed theologians revolved around the covenant in later years. These include: i. political resistance to tyranny as in Samuel Rutherford’s Lex Rex (1644); ii. the claim of Arminius and his followers to a conditional election paralleling a conditional covenant; iii. the denial of a pre-fall covenant of works by certain schools of Reformed theology; iv. the denial by the school of Saumur, led by Moses Amyraut, that the Mosaic covenant was to be included in the covenant of grace; v. the covenant as a central point in the New England Puritans’ discussions concerning legalism and antinomianism; as well as, vi. their famous ‘half-way covenant’ that allowed non-professing adults who had been baptised as infants to bring their infants to be baptized.
P. A. Lillback, article: Covenant
New Dictionary of Theology, Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship, Leicester, England, 1988
Editors: Sinclair B. Ferguson, David F. Wright
There is no question that Lillback, like Francis Schaeffer before him, has high standing as a scholar of reformed Protestantism.
The problem is, again, like Schaeffer, Lillback is not a bona fide scholar of American religious history. Mark Noll is.
"But that is a discussion that is more at home on my blog than here. So I will not enter into that. Feel free to comment on my blog and I will try to answer more clearly."
I have talked with thousands of Calvinists. I have a pretty good understanding of what you are saying. Dr. Frazer and I have had it out here more than once as well and that cleared up some of my confusions about what strict Calvinists believe. Not my cup of tea but to each his own.
"The problem is, again, like Schaeffer, Lillback is not a bona fide scholar of American religious history. Mark Noll is"
Tom VD, whatever Lillback's skills as a Reformed scholar, are they in any way on display in Sacred Fire? Was Rutherford trying to prove that Parliament was a Christian body as opposed to Charles I? In other words, Lex Rex is a far cry from Sacred Fire. And I seriously doubt that Rutherford would have been pleased with Washington's profession of faith -- a faith that never mentioned Jesus Christ unless the prayer book did.
You may want to debate where the American founding stands in relation to the British political struggles of the 17th century. I for one do not know how you can miss some kind of continuity. But the final American settlement of disestablishment was nowhere endorsed by Reformed churches. In fact, it took John Witherspoon's communion, the Presbyterians in the U.S. to change finally the overwhelming consensus of Reformed teaching on the magistrate -- that is, the American revisions endorsed religious freedom for all while most Reformed creeds prior to 1787 taught the magistrate had a duty to enforce the "true" religion (read: Reformed).
So Lillback is not on the trajectory of Lex Rex, and George Washington was not doing what Rutherford wanted to happen in the UK.
DG:
That's a good point. While Rutherford might have anticipated some of the Founding ideas on resisting tyrannical magistrates, he, like Calvin, was in no way in line with America's teachings on religious liberty issues.
No disagreement here David. Lillback's credentials in Reformed theology have zero bearing on his work on George Washington. It's his appearance on Glenn Beck that has turned this into more culture war than history.
However, Calvinism is relevant as history in that it was the American Calvinists who largely initiated [and by some accounts fought] the revolution, so much so that King George blamed the Presbyterians.
We've also gone around in many circles about Romans 13, and---again agreeing---the theological issues were indeed addressed in the civil wars in Britain in the 1600s, where one king was deposed and another executed.
http://americancreation.blogspot.com/2009/10/american-revolution-vs-bible-and-romans.html
Tom, I'm glad for all the credit Presbyterians can get, but how much was the American revolution really a Presbyterian phenomenon? Most historians will talk about the influence of John Locke. Certainly, Jefferson's Declaration is no Calvinist document. Maybe King George couldn't get the English Civil War out of his head (which was a Calvinist enterprise).
David, thx for your interest. We lost our resident Calvinist around here because
a) He credited Calvinism for a bit too much in the American Founding
b) And the Bible [stuff like finding republicanism in the Old Testament, like Isaiah being the source of our 3 branches of gov't]
c) He was a bit intolerant of the "truth claims" of other faiths, namely Mormonism. [Although he recently wrote me he sincerely regrets that breach of our unwritten rules]
Our contributor King of Ireland [Joe Winpisinger] and I, a classicist/Thomist have been filling in, making sure that "Calvinist" [a better term is "Reformed theology," yes? Not Lutheranism] is fairly represented in our discussion of religion and the American Founding.
I think all here agree---atheist to Mormon---that the story of religion and the Founding cannot be properly told without Reformed theology. To ignore it is to miss the English Civil Wars of the 1600s, what might be called the "dry run" for the American Revolution itself.
And why France's own revolution, in overturning Roman Catholicism directly for "Enlightenment" principles, turned into such a terror, and horror.
This is the first thing I grabbed off the Google [again Kopel, sorry] that lays out the theologico-political landscape of the century or so that led up to the American Revolution, and its Presbyterian/Calvinist/Reformed roots. [Still struggling for the proper term or word.]
But those Scotsmen kicked the English king's ass twice in 1600s Britain, then kicked George III's ass in colonial America. He called it a "Presbyterian rebellion."
That's where the rubber met the road, and not one fact or argument I've ever run across about the American Revolution denies or refutes it.
But since I'm a theoretical fellow, I read Peter Martyr [Vermigli], Theodore Beza [Calvin's immediate successor], John Ponet, Mornay's Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, "Calvinists" all. Hugo Grotius...
Because my approach to history isn't marxist, it's that people are moved by ideas and beliefs. The one idea that the American revolution had and fought for and died, outside all the theological blah-blah, was all men are equal and that rights and liberty were endowed upon man by God.
This one simple idea took mankind 1770 years to fight and die for.
But it was a self-evident truth, and there are precious few "self-evident" truths in mankind's history.
In 2010, I'm not sure even that is a "self-evident" truth, or that "self-evident" truth even exists. Everything's just a matter of opinion, y'know?
As an historical exercise it is certainly appropriate to come at the history of the founding without my Reformed Theology hat on. I too operate with the presupposition that ideas move history, with a generous push from socio-economic circumstances. But I think it is hard to argue that the founding was a Calvinist enterprise. The only real Presbyterian Calvinist among the lead Founders was Witherspoon, and in some ways he was more of a product of the Scottish Enlightenment than of John Knox. If there was a Calvinist influence, it was an amputated Calvinism whose body parts were sewn onto enlightenment thinking. At best a form of Civil Religion.
The hoi poli is another story, but it is always tricky to find you what was going through their heads.
Samuel Adams? "The Black Regiment?"
Historian Mark David Hall stopped by the blog here and made a bleg for a single Presbyterian minister born in America who opposed the revolution. So far, nobody's aware of one.
But the real "smoking gun" is in the Calvinist "resistance theory."
http://www.acton.org/publications/randl/rl_article_238.php
The Reformation Roots of Social Contract
by David W. Hall
Contrary to much secular thought, the historic emergence of a social contract that guarantees human liberty stems from the seedbed of Geneva’s Reformation. To be sure, a different social contract, the humanist one, had its cradle in the secular thinking of the Enlightenment. The one I refer to as the social covenant (to distinguish) has resisted tyranny, totalitarianism, and authoritarianism with consistent and irrepressible force; the other has led to oppression, large-scale loss of life, and the general diminution of liberty, both economic and personal.
Following is a brief review of five leading tracts from the Reformation period that had wide and enduring political impact in support of liberty: The Right of Magistrates (1574) by Theodore Beza, The Rights of the Crown of Scotland (1579) by George Buchanan, Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos (1579) by Phillipe du Plessis Mornay, Politica (1603) by Johannes Althusius, and Lex, Rex (1644) by Samuel Rutherford
There's more, but if you're unshakable in Whig theory, this benefits neither of us. I came to these same conclusions independently, coupled with the Scholastic tradition from Aquinas to suarez and bellarmine. but the Reformed thinkers picked up the baton in there somewhere, and put "resistance theory" into action.
http://americancreation.blogspot.com/2010/04/rev-john-joachim-zubly-on-romans-13.html
I know he wasn't born in America.
This is the thread Dr. Hall stops by.
Yes, I was gonna go back and fix that, but thought it would be a waste of time. There was one, anyway.
Just ran across an interesting factoid---Samuel Adams' original band of Boston Tea Party brigands called themselves "The Solemn League and Covenant," after the original "Solemn League and Covenant" of Scottish Calvinists who opposed the king in 1643.
Whig theory takes a hit, and it's also amusing that it's such an unknown factoid. But not surprising...
Not to take issue with my friends, Mark David Hall or David Hall (should they form band, Hall & Hall?), I'm not sure what the point of this work of historical excavation. So, what if the American Revolution was Calvinist? What does that prove? That somehow America was Christian, or that liberals or secularists have no legitimate place in the U.S.? Or does it mean, as Barry Shain might argue, American liberalism is different from its 20th century version? I have no trouble telling the difference between John Adams and FDR. Do I need to know the Calvinist resistance literature to spot that difference?
This is what I don't get. There seems to be an agenda -- that if we get the founding right with its respect for religion, then we'll get X right today. What is the X?
Just a note: Butterfield is opposing the Whig theory of history.
The point is that we can't properly decide where we should go if we don't know where we've been.
And, as you are seeing, there's been a bit of editing in 20th century scholarship about where we've been. I had no idea about the Calvinist/religious roots of the Tea Party/Solemn League and Covenant and I doubt few else here did either.
"This is what I don't get. There seems to be an agenda -- that if we get the founding right with its respect for religion, then we'll get X right today. What is the X?
I agree with Tom. Here is a post I did a while back about the History of the founding and its importance in deciding where we go from here:
http://americancreation.blogspot.com/2009/12/socrates-alvin-toffler-and-attempting.html
Tom Van Dyke, in the interest of discovering the true origins of things, did you know that Calvinist resistance theory drew heavily on Lutheran and Roman Catholic resistance theory? Did you also know that a political philosopher like Quentin Skinner doesn't give Calvinism any more credit for resistance theory than Roman Catholics. In fact, Roman Catholic resistance theory is older and deeper. So one could argue that the American founding goes back to the conflicts between pope and emperor in the Middle Ages. If so, that's historically interesting. But I'm not at all sure what that has to do with contemporary politics.
King of Ireland: I can see the point of appreciating the founders. I do greatly. But I don't think that the current neglect of the founders has a lot to do with their religion or lack of it (does slavery come to mind?). What is much more pressing is their politics. Their ideas about the United States are distant from what we have become as a nation. I myself would prefer an agrarian republic of small size, rather than becoming the global cop that we are. Can anyone remember Washington's warnings about involvement in European wars? But once you make the turn to become a superpower, the ideas of the founders seem pretty remote. That's too bad. But resurrecting their religion (or better their civil religion) will not fix the problem.
"But once you make the turn to become a superpower, the ideas of the founders seem pretty remote. That's too bad. But resurrecting their religion (or better their civil religion) will not fix the problem"
Resurrecting the rationale they used for inalienable rights and a limited government to secure those rights will fix things. I am not so much for the argrarian republic of Jefferson in that I love progress. But I do see the merits of smaller republics. I often wonder if America is just to big. Maybe we need to revisit not only the Federalist Papers but the Anti-Federalist as well.
"So one could argue that the American founding goes back to the conflicts between pope and emperor in the Middle Ages."
Go back and read some of my recent posts. That is on the radar screen as we speak.
Yes, David. It all goes back to the Cathoilcs. I'm a Thomist, remember? My boys get all the credit. ;-)
And yes, the Investiture Controversy kicked it all off. 1070 CE.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_Controversy
However, the Catholics never got to full-blown revolution. It took the Calvinists to do that, and to put boots on the ground in service of resistance theory. Credit where it's due.
My original rebuttal to you was in your characterizing Lillback, et al. as somehow being inauthentically Christian. that's clearly not so---they're in a long line of Calvinists in good standing.
As to what they has to do with 2010, well, stick around the blog and find out. At base, I think people are making decisions on where we should go from here based on a false understanding of where we've been.
If we got to this reasonably OK nation and society with a heapin' helpin' of religion, mebbe we should reevaluate getting rid of it.
[I ran across Skinner just last week, and listened to a lecture on Hobbes over the internet. Interesting fellow.]
Tom, you think Lillback is authentically Christian because he advocates resistance to tyranny? Somehow the politics and the theology have gotten out of whack in your view. The Calvinists (at least in England) were Puritans and they never would have cited Washington's use of the Prayer Book as a sign of authentic Christianity. What is more, the revivalists in America -- like Edwards and Whitefield -- whom Lillback likely admires, were no fans of Prayer Book religion. That was the point of revivalism -- to make religion authentic and not simply to go through the motions of a book of prayer.
So in this case, Lillback may resemble earlier Calvinists in resistance doctrine. He also resembles Lutherans and Roman Catholics. But he does not resemble Calvinists when it comes to the question of his book -- was GW a Christian. Resistance theory is not a good enough criteria for making someone a Christian. Meanwhile, Puritans and revivalist were suspicious of moderate Anglicans whether deistical or not.
Somehow the politics and the theology have gotten out of whack in your view.
Now, now. When you wrote
'twas your politics and theology mixing.
And I also disagreed with your assertion, except the Isaiah part.
Tom, I wrote the first point about mixing and politics. I don't know where your second quotation comes from. I have not referred to Isaiah here or elsewhere.
But instead of trying to attribute inconsistency, why not address the point? Where to the sort of Presbyterians who advocate resistance (Beza, Knox, Rutherford) also go out of their way to defend as orthodox moderate prayer book Anglicans? And where do revivalists like Whitefield or Edwards go out of their way to do what Lillback does? In which case, if Lillback's point about Washington's faith is garbled, his understanding of the founding's politics could be as well.
Well, we're in a situation that on Law & Order they call "hostile witness." We're not discussing; you're disputing.
You haven't made any case against Lillback, and I'm not particularly interested in defending him. The historical point is that it appears America's Calvinists heavily supported the revolution. The Anglicans were more likely to be the Tories.
And yes, the first English Civil war was started by the Calvinists when the Church of England tried to impose the Book of Common Prayer on them.
If you want your link to Whitefield and today's tea party thing
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,592997,00.html
KIDD: I just wanted to follow up on this issue about Whitefield's political involvement. As the 1760s went on, he did become very overtly involved with crisis between Britain and the colonies.
In fact, he may have been one of the earliest people from Britain to start warning the colonists that there was trouble coming. There are reports that in 1764, he came to America and said there is trouble coming from Britain. And your golden days are at an end, is the quote of what he said. Began warning people ahead of time this was coming.
KIDD: So when he goes back to England and his there with his good friend, Franklin. When Franklin testifies before parliament on the colony's behalf because of their protests against the Stamp Act, and Whitefield I think behind the scenes is advocating against the Stamp Act.
By the time we get to Whitefield's passing in 1770, on his last trip to America, he dies in Massachusetts. The funeral sermons by the colonial pastors are saying, he is largely to thank for the repeal of the Stamp Act and they say, he was a true patriot, not just in words but also in actions. So they interpreted him as having a very significant role in the resistance.
Yes, that's "going out of his way to do what Lillback does."
And of course you did reference Isaiah in your original essay:
So if I read you more closely than you read yourself, you're not going to read what I write very closely. Hostile witness. That's too frustrating, David. Discussion has to be a two-way street.
I answered your Whitefield. I dunno what you want from me, David. I'm not even a Calvinist.
Tom, D G refers to Darryl Glenn not to David. D G never referred to Isaiah.
Also, you have not shown that Whitefield tried to prove Franklin's orthodoxy the way that Lillback tries to prove Washington's. How does Kidd's remark about Whitefield having an influence on the Revolution -- something I hardly deny -- have anything to do with Washington's orthodoxy?
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Drive Me Wild (1999) – Sawyer Brown
Likable enough pop country that will stay in your head for exactly the duration of the album and no longer. One strange exception: 800 Pound Jesus, which is not exactly a modern hymn, but has a nagging groove and a surprisingly effective pay-off.
Sings 22 Favorite Hymns (1983) – Tennessee Ernie Ford
One either has an affinity for this style of gospel or one doesn’t. I don’t particularly. All soothing organs and soaring choirs, it tends to put me to sleep, so utterly reverently dull is it. But Ford’s voice is nothing if not distinctive and his delivery actually saves a few of the arrangements. His Abide with Me in particular is a keeper, though it doesn’t replace Judy Collins’ version.
The BBC Sessions (2000) – The Who
These BBC Session albums just keep blowing my mind. Everyone’s probably heard the Zeppelin and Hendrix editions, but don’t forget Cream, which may be the best. Also no slouch? This one, which features The Who performing some great stuff live in the BBC studio. Thing you never knew you wanted to hear: Boris the Spider turned into an ad jingle. Live takes brim with energy, old standards come roaring back to life and, yeah, they do Substitue and Dancing in the Street back to back. Call me crazy, but that’s what you’re looking for, right? Get this album.
Shock’n Y’all (2003) – Toby Keith
I confess to finding the title of this album kind of great. None of the rest of the album is really much good. Keith is a bit too hardcore redneck for me. There’s Outlaw Country and then there’s Obnoxious Country and Keith is the latter, not the former, no matter what he thinks. Most of the songs are stupid, including the huge hit I Love This Bar. If I Was Jesus is what passes for a gospel song in Keith’s world and it’s not much of one. There are a couple of surprising moments; American Soldier is a surprisingly clear-eyed look at sacrifice; “I don’t want to die for you,” the titular character says at one point. And The Taliban Song is a completely strange artifact written from the perspective of an Afghani husband and wife who are glad to see the Taliban gone. It’s better than Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue, I give it that. On the whole, this album is one you can painlessly skip.
The Judgment (1989) – Kingsmen
Not the garage rock band that had the hit with Louie, Louie; the southern gospel quartet that does southern gospel about better than anyone else ever has. When they hit, as on this album, no one does it better. Up-tempo, southern style gospel music that delivers a good time. This album is a favorite from my teen years. Rediscovering it, it holds up. It’s maybe their best album.
← Cabaret (1972) - Various ArtistsWhat I've Been Reading! →
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UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE SITUATION IN SREBRENICA. 9004/95 (Presse 218). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE SITUATION OF THE TRADE UNION LEADER, MR PAKPAHAN (Indonesia). 4720/95 (Presse 40). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE TERRORIST ATTACK IN JERUSALEM (21-8-1995). 9510/95 (Presse 247). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION REGARDING SRI LANKA. 5747/95 (Presse 86). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION REGARDING THE SITUATION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA. 5215/95 (Presse 60). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION'S OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES REGARDING BURUNDI. 5430/95 (Presse 76). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING BURMA. 12840/95 (Presse 367), 15 December 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING THE GAMBIA. 5746/95 (Presse 85). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING THE SITUATION IN BURMA. 5426/95 (Presse 72). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON ELECTIONS IN TANZANIA. 12848/95 (Presse 375), 21 December 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE COUP D'ETAT WHICH HAS TAKEN PLACE IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF COMORES ON 28 SEPTEMBER 1995. 10206/95 (Presse 273), 29 September 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION ON CHECHNYA MADE BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 6127/95 (Presse 106). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) DECLARATION ON THE EVENTS IN KIBEHO MADE BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 6648/95 (Presse 129). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration bv the European Union on the Attack in Netanya [Israel]. 4380/95 (Presse 19). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration bv the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the events in Samashki (Chechnya). Declaration issued by the Presidency (Paris, 15 April 1995). 6542/95 (Presse 123). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the European Union following the Cairo Summit [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. 4552/95 (Presse 33). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the European Union on Algeria. 4382/95 (Presse 21). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the European Union on EU Support for Palestinian Elections. 6540/95 (Presse 121). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the European Union on the Presidential Elections in Algeria. 11719/95 (Presse 331), 20 November 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the European Union on the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and his co-defendants. 11435/95 (Presse 317), 10 November 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Cuba. 6316/95 (Presse 111). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Helms-Burton Bill. 10212/95 (Presse 279), 11 October 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Azerbaijan. 13048/95 (Presse 379), 21 December 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Afghanistan. 4546/95 (Presse 27). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Nigeria. 10915/95 (Presse 292), 20 October 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sri Lanka. 11441/95 (Presse 323), 15 November 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Attack in Algiers on 30 January. 4550/95 (Presse 31). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Contadora Declaration. 9752/95 (Presse 250), 12 September 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the EU/GCC Ministerial Meeting, 20 July 1995. 8688/95 (Presse 213). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Expulsion of Palestinian Citizens Residing in Libya. 9390/95 (Presse 244), 12 September 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Frontier Conflict Between Ecuador and Peru. 4549/95 (Presse 30). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Middle East Peace Process. 9980/95 (Presse 265), 25 September 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Peace Talks with the MNLF [Moro National Liberation Front]. 11173/95 (Presse 308), 10 November 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Sixth Anniversary of the Iranian Fatwa against Salman Rushdie. 4721/95 (Presse 41). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections on 25 June in Haiti. 8683/95 (Presse 208). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam. 9008/95 (Presse 222). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the financial situation of the United Nations published in New York. 10917/95, 20 October 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the resumption of hostilities in Croatia. 9386/95 (Presse 240). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Sri Lanka. 4545/95 (Presse 26). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Palestinian Territories [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. 4060/95 (Press 001). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the trial of Ken Saro-Wiwa. 11433/95 (Presse 3151), 9 November 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Declaration de la Presidence au nom de I'Union europeenne sur la situation dans les Territoires palestiniens - Declaration of the Presidency of the European Union on the situation in the Palistinian Territories. 4060/95 (Presse 001). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) EUROPEAN UNION STATEMENT ON TURKEY. 6323/95 (Presse 118). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE EUROPEAN UNION ON NIGERIA. 10210/95 (Presse 277), 2 October 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE ACCESSION OF RUSSIA TO THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 10209/95 (Presse 276), 2 October 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. 4384/95 (Presse 23). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE EUROPEAN UNION ON TURKISH INTERVENTION IN NORTHERN IRAQ. 6314/95 (Presse 109). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE COUP D'ETAT IN SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE. 9504/95 (Presse 245). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING PAKISTAN. 4952/95 (Presse 55). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON ACCESSION OF ALGERIA TO THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS. 4386/95 (Presse 25). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON ACCESSION OF ARGENTINA TO THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS. 4949/95 (Presse 52). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL SITUATION IN KAZAKHSTAN. 5740/95 (Presse 79). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL SITUATION IN KAZAKHSTAN. 6320/95 (Presse 115). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENCY RELEASE ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING BURUNDI. 8242/96 (Presse 198). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1995) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Russian legislative elections on 17 December 1995. 12849/95 (Presse 376), 20 December 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) "Customs 2000" programme. PARLIAMENT-COUNCIL CONCILIATION COMMITTEE, Brussels, 10 October 1996. 10622/96 (Presse 267), 17 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EFTA COUNTRIES MEMBERS OF THE EEA THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE ASSOCIATED COUNTRIES CYPRUS AND MALTA CONCERNING EAST TIMOR. 8911/96 (Presse 206), 11 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE EUROPEAN UNION, BULGARIA, CYPRUS, THE CZECH REPUBLIC, HUNGARY, ICELAND, LATVIA, LITHUANIA, MALTA, NORWAY, POLAND, ROMANIA, SLOVAKIA AND SLOVENIA. CONCERNING MYANMAR. 11226/96 (Presse 308), 7 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON CHECHNYA. 9534/96 (Presse 229), 16 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON MYANMAR. 11615/96 (Presse 321), 18 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 11222/96 (Presse 304), 5 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE RECENT VIOLENCE IN CYPRUS. 9536/96 (Presse 231), 16 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE SENTENCING OF WANG DAN. 11219/96 (Presse 301), 5 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING THE ARUSHA SUMMIT ON BURUNDI. 8527/96 (Presse 197), 5 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON CHINA'S MILITARY EXERCISES OFF THE TAIWAN COASTS. 5514/96 (Presse 54), 8 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON ELECTIONS IN THE GAMBIA. 10624/96 (Presse 269), 15 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON INDEPENDENT MEDIA IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA. 5509/96 (Presse 49), 6 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON NORTH KOREA. 6402/96 (Presse 85), 12 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE CURRENT SITUATION IN MYANMAR/BURMA. 12867/96 (Presse 380), 13 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE DISPUTE OPPOSING NIGERIA AND CAMEROON ON THE BAKASSI PENINSULA. 4715/96 (Presse 28), 20 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE ENACTMENT OF THE D'AMATO LEGISLATION. 9535/96 (Presse 230), 21 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE NEGOTIATIONS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY. 9562/96 (Presse 233) 21 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE PEACE PROCESS IN THE SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES. 9565/96 (Presse 236), 2 September 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON US/SOUTH KOREA INITIATIVE. 6798/96 (Presse 118), 29 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON AFGHANISTAN. 5724/96 (Presse 60), 14 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON MOSTAR. 4713/96 (Presse 26), 14 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATION ON LIBERIA BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 9704/96 (Presse 245), 26 September 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) DECLARATIQN BY THE PRESIDENCY ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON BURMA. 8524/96 (Presse 194), 5 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration [on Afghan-Soviet conflict] by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on the imposition of an embargo on arms. munitions and military equipment on Afghanistan. 12595/96 (Presse 373), 17 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration [on elections in Russia] by the Presidency. 8084/96 (Presse 177), 18 June 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration bv the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. 4150/96 (Presse 3), 16 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area concerning arms exports to the former Yugoslavia. 5304/96 (Presse 40), 28 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries Cyprus and Malta concerning arms exports to the former Yugoslavia. 5306/96 (Presse 42), 28 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on preparation for the Fourth Review Conference of the Convention on bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons (CBTWC). 9153/96 (Presse 219), 24 June 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union on Belarus. Council Press Release 105/96 (12097/96, Presse 339), 25 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union on Chechnya. Council Press Release 106/96 (12098/96, Presse 340), 25 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union on Turkey. 9144/96 (Presse 210), l5 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union on former Yugoslavia. 5308/96 (Presse 44), 26 February 1995. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union on the shooting down of two civilian aircraft by the Cuban authorities. 5302/96 (Presse 38), 26 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union on the situation in Chechnya. 6055/96 (Presse 71), 25 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the European Union welcoming the Resolution on Burundi adopted by the OAU Heads of State and Government in Yaounde on 10 July 1996. 8912/96 (Presse 207), 15 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency of the European Union on the Great lakes Region and in particular on Burundi. 8399/96 (Presse 183), 20 June 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency of the European Union on the expansion of membership of the Conference on Disarmament. 8395/96 (Presse 179), 9 June 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on Behalf of the European Union on the Bomb Attack in Saudi Arabia. 8520/96 (Presse 190), 28 June 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the Eurooean Union on the Situation in the Middle East. 6403/96 (Presse 86), 15 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the fire at the la Planta prison in Caracas on 22 October 1996. 11224/96 (Presse 306), 7 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Radio 101 in Zagreb. 11919/96 (Presse 335), 22 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on developments in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 12215/96 (Presse 357), 2 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the negotiations of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. 9533/96 (Presse 228), 7 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Afghanistan. 10876/96 (Presse 281), 28 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Guatemala. 11432/96 (Presse 309), 8 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Guatemala. 9703/96 (Presse 244), 25 September 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in South Kivu. 11054/96 (Presse 296), 25 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on South Kivu (Zaire). 10631/96 (Presse 276), 21 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union Following Presidential Elections in Haiti. 4148/96 (Presse 2), 11 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union Following the Second Round of Elections in Guatemala. 4149/96 (Presse 3), 12 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union about the decision taken by the Palestinian National Council on the Palestinian Charter. 6795/96 (Presse 115), 26 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Mostar. 9453/96 (Presse 222), 26 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning sexual exploitation of children. 9696/96 (Presse 23), 6 September 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. 6254/96 (Presse 80), 4 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Bangladesh. 5510/96 (Presse 50), 5 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Belarus. 10627/96 (Presse 272), 18 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. 9147/96 (Presse 213), 23 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. 9561/96 (Presse 232), 19 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on EU-Iranian relations. Council Press Release 104/96 (11922/96, Presse 338), 25 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Elections in Mostar. 8522/96 (Presse 192), 2 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guatemala. 12987/96 (Presse 390), 28 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Liberia. 6401/96 (Presse 84), 11 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Mexico. 4500/96 (Presse 20), 5 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Niger. 9456/96 (Presse 225), 1 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Peru/Ecuador relations. 12871/96 (Presse 384), 17 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sierra Leone. 6255/96 {Presse 81), 4 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Slovakia. 6253/96 (Presse 79), 3 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Ukraine. 7319/96 (Presse 140), 21 May 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on elections in Ghana. 12870/96 (Presse 383), 16 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on recognition by EU Member States of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 6399/96 (Presse 82), 9 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Case of Carmelo Soria (Chile). 10452/96 (Presse 260), 9 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Palestinian Elections. 4491/96 (Presse 11), 22 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Seventh Anniversary of the Iranian Fatwa Against Salman Rushdie. 4712/96 (Presse 25), 13 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the adoption of a new Constitution by Ukraine. 8526/96 (Presse 196), 5 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the appointment of members of the Constitutional Review Commission in Swaziland. 9532/96 (Presse 227), 6 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the cease-fire in Lebanon. 6797/96 (Presse 117), 29 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the coup d'etat in Sierra Leone. 4494/96 (Presse 14), 24 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the crisis in Chechnya. 4153/96 (Presse 7), 18 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Abkhazia, Georgia. 11915/96 (Presse 331), 21 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 9699/96 (Presse 240), 17 September 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Russia. 8525/96 (Presse 195), 5 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Zambia. 11217/96 (Presse 299), 31 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Zambia. 11621/96 (Presse 327), 20 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the forthcoming elections in Ghana. 11218/96 (Presse 300), 5 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the inter-Tajik negotiations. 9454/96 (Presse 223), 29 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the killing of Greek tourists in Cairo. 6717/96 (Presse 107), 22 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the local elections in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 11917/96 (Presse 333), 22 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the normalisation of relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 9564/96 (Presse 235), 26 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the observation of the presidential elections in the Dominican Republic. 7067/96 (Presse 124), 10 May 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent general elections in Nicaragua. 12211/96 (Presse 353), 29 November 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent killing in Cyprus. 10625/96 (Presse 270), 16 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signature of the African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty (Pelindaba Treaty). 6400/96 (Presse 83), 12 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Paraguay. 6723/96 (Presse 113), 24 April 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Japanese Embassy, Lima, Peru. 12876/96 (Presse 389), 18 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation on the Korean Peninsula. 10453/96 (Presse 261), 17 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the terrorist attack in Jerusalem. 5507/96 (Presse 47), 3 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the terrorist bomb attack in Sri Lanka. 9455/96 (Presse 224), 30 July 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration of the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe concerning arms exports to the former Yugoslavia. 5307/96 (Presse 43), 28 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration of the European Union on Liberia's boat people. 7076/96 (Presse 133), 13 May 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration of the European Union on the bomb attacks in Jerusalem and Ashqelon. 5303/96 (Presse 39), 26 February 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration of the European Union on the coup d'etat in Niger. 4497/96 (Presse 17), 29 January 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration of the Presidency of the European Union on Chechnya. 7814/96 (Presse 158), 31 May 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Equatorial Guinea. 5512/96 (Presse 52), 6 March 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) JOINT EU-US DECLARATION ON ELECTIONS IN ALBANIA ISSUED IN TIRANA ON 17 MAY 1996. 7320/96 (Presse 141), 20 May 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) JOINT MEETING OF EU AND EFTA MINISTERS OF FINANCE AND ECONOMY ON COMBATTING UNEMPLOYMENT. JOINT COMMUNIQUE OF EU AND EFTA PRESIDENCIES. 10623/96 (Presse 268), 14 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) PRESIDENCY STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CONCERNING THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 12596/96 (Presse 374), 12 December 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Presidency Declaration on behalf of the European Union on the peace process in Guatemala. 9457/96 (Presse 226), 6 August 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Programme of Community action on the prevention of drug dependence. PARLIAMENT- COUNCIL CONCILIATION COMMITTEE. Brussels, 1 October 1996. Council Press Release 10268/96 (Presse 256), 9 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1996) SIGNATURE OF THE EC-UNRWA CONVENTION ON AID TO PALESTINIAN REFUGEES. Council Press Release 10872/96 (Presse 277), 22 October 1996. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 96/97 (10752/97, Presse 282), 29 September 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the European Union concerning the FRY. Council Press Release 107/97 (12067/97, Presse 334), 10 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the European Union concerning the arbitral decision on Brcko. Council Press Release 20/97 (6311/97, Presse 62), Singapore, 15 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the European Union on Iran. Council Press Release 41/97, (7469/97, Presse 125), 29 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the European Union on the accession of Cambodia, Laos and Burma/Myanmar to ASEAN. Council Press Release 59/97 (8637/97, Presse 189), 2 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the European Union, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, concerning Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 106/97 (12066, Presse 333), 10 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Ministers of the European Union and of the Rio Group on the continuing hostage situation at the Embassy of Japan in Peru. Council Press Release [Noordwijk] 7287/97, Presse 102, 8 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency of the European Union on the Central African Republic. Council Press Release 2/97 (5125/97, Presse 2), 10 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the EU on the elections in Liberia. Council Press Release 82/97 (10259/97, Presse 254), 30 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Nicaragua. Council Press Release 4/97 (5329/97, Presse 15), 23 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on recent events in Bulgaria. Council Press Release 6/97 (5332/97, Presse 18), 24 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union [on Israeli-Palestinian conflict]. Council Press Release issued by the Royal Netherlands Assembly Press and Cultural Department, 10 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Albania. Council Press Release 26/97 (6499/97, Presse 76), 13 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Cyprus. Council Press Release 75/97 (9638/97, Presse 237), 8 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Eastern Slavonia (Croatia). Council Press Release 11/97 (5591/97, Presse 31), 11 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Niger. Council Press Release 8/97 (5407/97, Presse 21), 5 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning national dialogue in Burundi. Council Press Release 89/97 (10364/97, Presse 265), 22 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Congo (Brazzaville). Council Press Release 67/97 (9137/97, Presse 211), 20 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Congo (Brazzaville). Council Press Release 79/97 (9643/97, Presse 242), 11 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Mudende camp massacre. Council Press Release 118/97 (13594/97, Presse 405), 18 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Peace Agreement in Tajikistan. Council Press Release 72/97 (9513/97, Presse 229), 2 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the border agreement between the Republic of Lithuania and the Russian Federation. Council Press Release 99/97 (11689/97, Presse 311), 29 October 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the draft law on local authorities in Serbia. Council Press Release 74/97 (9635/97, Presse 234), 3 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in El Salvador. Council Press Release 40/97 (7745/97, Presse 136), 30 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Mali. Council Press Release 65/97 (9136/97, Presse 208), 20 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Montenegro. Council Press Release 98/97 (11685/97, Presse 307), 24 October 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the mediation efforts in the Congo (Brazzaville). Council Press Release 90/97 (10365/97, Presse 266), 4 September 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Algeria. Council Press Release 91/97 (10369/97, Presse 270), 12 September 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Cambodia. Council Press Release 76/97 (9636/97, Presse 238), 7 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Cambodia. Council Press Release 88/97 (10363/97, Presse 264), 14 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 77/97 (9641/97, Presse 240), 10 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the violent incidents in Casamance (Senegal). Council Press Release 93/97 (107/45, Presse 275), 17 September 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Albania. Council Press Release 22/97 (6315/97, Presse 66), 7 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Albania. Council Press Release 27/97 (6702/97, Presse 82), 17 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Albania. Council Press Release 49/97 (8137/97, Presse 159), 16 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release 42/97 (7804/97, Presse 140), 7 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on CINEP murders. Council Press Release 62/97 (8838/97, Presse 201), 13 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cambodia. Council Press Release 31/97 (7006/97, Presse 94), 9 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cameroon. Council Press Release 43/97 (7805/97, Presse 141), 7 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Chittagong Hill Tracts agreement [Bangladesh]. Council Press Release 119/97 (13639/97, Presse 406), 19 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Colombia. Council Press Release 105/97, (12065/97, Presse 332), 10 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Ecuador. Council Press Release 14/97 (5915/97, Presse 41), 17 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Iran. Council Press Release 32/97 (7009/97, Presse 97), 10 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Karen refugees. Council Press Release 19/97 (6310/97, Presse 61), 8 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on MoU Moldova - Transdniestria. Council Press Release 44/97 (7807/97, Presse 143), 13 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Myanmar/Burma. Council Press Release 57/97 (8553/97, Presse 181), 30 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Pakistan-India. Council Press Release 70/97 (9511/97, Presse 227), 30 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Paraguay. Council Press Release 109/97 (12402/97, Presse 350), 19 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 53/97 (8544/97, Presse 172), 28 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 66/97 (9137/97, Presse 209), 20 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sri Lanka. Council Press Release 36/97 (7367/97, Presse 115), 17 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Swaziland. Council Press Release 21/97 (6312/97, Presse 63), 3 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Zaire. Council Press Release 28/97 (6703/97, Presse 83), Appeldorn, 15 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Zaire. Council Press Release 33/97 (7284/97, Presse 99), 10 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on elections in Liberia. Council Press Release 30/97 (6705/97, Presse 85), 28 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on elections in the Gambia. Council Press Release 5/97 (5331/97, Presse 17), 24 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on on [sic] the first anniversary of the signing of the peace agreement in Guatemala. Council Press Release 120/97 (13640/97, Presse 407), 29 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on sending observers to monitor the elections in the FRY. Council Press Release 83/97 (10264/97, Presse 259), 7 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Angolan peace process. Council Press Release 7/97 (5334/97, Presse 20), 3 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Angolan peace process. Council Press Release 87/97 (10268/97, Presse 263), 13 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Central African Republic. Council Press Release 10/97 (5584/97, Presse 24), 4 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Chechnya Peace Accord. Council Press Release 46/97 (8133/97, Presse 155), 16 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Extraordinary Summit of the IGAD. Council Press Release 80/97 (9920/97, Presse 249), 24 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the FRY. Council Press Release 81/97 (9924/97, Presse 253), 31 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the German-Czech Declaration on the Mutual Relations and their Future Development. Council Press Release 3/97 (5328/97, Presse 14), 21 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Inter Tajik peace talks. Council Press Release 13/97 (6024/97, Presse 51), 12 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Korean Peninsula. Council Press Release 51/97 (8322/97, Presse 170), 27 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Korean Peninsula. Council Press Release 73/97 (9516/97, Presse 232), 2 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the OAU's mediation efforts in the Comoros crisis. Council Press Release 102/97 (11693/97, Presse 315), 30 October 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Russian Federation's proposals regarding security aspects, confidence-building measures and regional cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. Council Press Release 114/97 (13368/97, Presse 394), 15 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Slovak Parliament's decision in the case of the MP Frantisek Gaulieder. Council Press Release 97/97 (11004/97, Presse 289), 4 October 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Slovak referendum. Council Press Release 52/97 (8323/97, Presse 171), 30 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Taiwanese radioactive waste issue. Council Press Release 15/97 (5916/97, Presse 42), 18 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Turkish incursion into Iraq. Council Press Release 48/97 (8136/97, Presse 158), 16 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Georgia. Council Press Release 110/97 (12663/97, Presse 357), 24 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the application of the death penalty in Burundi. Council Press Release 85/97 (10266/97, Presse 261), 13 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the assassination of Samuel Dokie in Liberia. Council Press Release 117/97 (13593/97, Presse 404), 18 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the death of Mr. Deng Xiaoping. Council Press Release 17/97 (6022/97, Presse 49), 24 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the decision of the Israeli government to approve construction plans for Har Homa/Jabal Abu Ghneim. Council Press Release 18/97 (6308/97, Presse 59), 27 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the draft law concerning stateless children in Estonia. Council Press Release 115/97 (13369/97, Presse 395), 15 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the eighth anniversary of the Iranian fatwa against Salman Rushdie. Council Press Release 12/97 (5911/97, Presse 37), 13 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Chechnya. Council Press Release 9/97 (5583/97, Presse 23), 31 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the electoral process in El Salvador. Council Press Release 25/97 (6495/97, Presse 72), 11 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the legislative elections in Algeria. Council Press Release 61/97 (8832/97, Presse 195), 10 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the massacre of civilians in Mexico. Council Press Release 121/97 (13666/97, Presse 409), 24 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the opening of peace negotiations for Sudan in Nairobi. Council Press Release 101/97 (11691/97, Presse 313), 30 October 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the parliamentary elections in Yemen. Council Press Release 54/97 (8551/97, Presse 179), 30 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the peace agreement for Somalia. Council Press Release 124/97 (13670/97, Presse 412), 26 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the peace agreements in Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 112/97 (13132/97, Presse 381), 5 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the preservation of Afghan cultural heritage. Council Press Release 45/97 (7811/97, Presse 147), 14 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Cameroon. Council Press Release 100/97 (11690/97, Presse 312), 5 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the progress of the democratic process in Kenya. Council Press Release 104/97 (12060/97, Presse 327), 7 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of hostage in Colombia. Council Press Release 64/97 (9135/97, Presse 207), 20 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the reopening of the Mostar Aluminium factory [on Bosnia and Herzegovina]. Council Press Release 29/97 (6706/97, Presse 86), 25 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signature of the Romanian-Ukrainian Basic Treaty. Council Press Release 58/97 (8630/97, Presse 182), 2 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signature of the Russian-Ukrainian political treaty. Council Press Release 60/97 (8639/97, Presse 191), -- June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Chechnya. Council Press Release 94/97 (10747/97, Presse 277), 23 September 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Haiti. Council Press Release 71/97 (9512/97, Presse 228), 2 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Zambia. Council Press Release 123/97 (13669/97, Presse 411), 31 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Comoros. Council Press Release 84/97 (10265/97, Presse 260), 13 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Council Press Release 103/97 (11839/97, Presse 318), 3 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the FRY. Council Press Release 1/97 (5124/97, Presse 1), 9 January 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the transfer of power in Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 50/97 (8316/97, Presse 164), 22 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the trial of 20 ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. Council Press Release 63/97 (8839/97, Presse 202), 18 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the violent incidents in Kenya on 8 August 1997. Council Press Release 86/97 (10267/97, Presse 262), 13 August 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding Zaire. Council Press Release 23/97 (6492/97, Presse 69), 7 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the financial situation of the UN. Council Press Release 108/97 (12401/97, Presse 349), 19 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the situation in Nigeria. Council Press Release 122/97 (13668/97, Presse 410), 26 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the student and secondary school pupils manifestations in fYROM. Council Press Release 24/97 (6494/97, Presse 71), 11 March 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union relating to the trial of Kosovo Albanians sentenced for acts of terrorism. Council Press Release 116/97 (13591/97, Presse 402), 19 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of tho European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release (8135/97, Presse 157, OR f.), 20 May 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union on Peru/Ecuador relations. Council Press Release 35/97 (7360/97, Presse 108), 14 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration by the President on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Republika Srpeka in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Council Press Release 78/97 (9642/97, Presse 241), 10 July 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration of the European Union on Hong Kong. Council Press Release 69/97 (9510/97, Presse 226), 30 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration of the European Union on the elections in Croatia. Council Press Release 37/97 (7746/97, Presse 137), 30 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration of the European Union on the occasion of the granting of autonomous trade preferences to the FRY. Council Press Release 38/97 (7803/97, Presse 139), 30 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Declaration on Angola by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union [on Angola]. Council Press Release 34/97 (7291/97, Presse 106), 11 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) European Union declaration on Belarus. Council Press Release 39/97 (7744/97, Presse 135), 29 April 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) European Union declaration on the eve of the Parliamentary elections in Albania. Council Press Release 68/97 (9312/97, Presse 220), 26 June 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Presidency Declaration on Zaire on behalf of the European Union. Council Press Release 16/97 (6017/97, Presse 44), 17 February 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the entry into force of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the Russian Federation. Council Press Release 111/97 (12670/97, Presse 364), 1 December 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration [on Afghan-Soviet conflict] by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Afghanistan. Council Press Release 111/98 (11390/98, Presse 309), 23 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration [on Western Balkans] by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union in response to President Tudjman's HDZ congress speech. Council Press Release 16/98 (6284/98, Presse 51), 26 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Associated Countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on the Indian and Pakistan nuclear tests. Council Press Release 52/98 (9241/98, Presse 188), 15 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Iceland and Norway on the common position concerning Belarus. Council Press Release 74/98 (10231/98, Presse 243), 13 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Iceland and Norway on the common position concerning a ban on flights of Yugoslav carriers between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the European Community. Council Press Release 105/98 (10979/98, Presse 297), 16 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on the prolongation of the Common Position 96/635/CFSP on Burma. Council Press Release 41/98 (8530/98, Presse 150), 14 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and the Associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Associated country Cyprus and Iceland and Norway, EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area, on the EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. Council Press Release 85/98 (10754/98, Presse 272), 3 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area concerning restrictive measures against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Council Press Release 25/98 (6895/98, Presse 79), 24 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on progress towards a legally binding protocol to strengthen compliance with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the intensification of work in the Ad Hoc Group to that end. Council Press Release 20/98 (6620/98, Presse 62), 6 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on the new common position setting out the objectives and priorities of the European Union in its relations with Rwanda. Council Press Release 29/98 (7295/98, Presse 98), 8 April 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus, and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area on restrictive measures to be taken against persons in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia acting against the independent media. Council Press Release 157/98 (14389/98, Presse 459), 23 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union and the associated country the Republic of Estonia on the common position concerning a ban on flights of Yugoslav carriers between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the European Community. Council Press Release 112/98 (11392/98, Presse 311), 24 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area on the Common Position on Human Rights, Democratic Principles, the Rule of law and Good Governance in Africa. Council Press Release 60/98 (9396/98, Presse 199), 18 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union on Burma. Council Press Release 131/98 (12281/98, Presse 358), 30 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union on Iraq. Council Press Release 136/98 (12738/98, Presse 376), 9 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union on the Middle East Peace Process [Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 130/98 (12280/98, Presse 357), 26 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union, Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Cyprus, Iceland and Liechtenstein concerning Burma. Council Press Release 133/98 (12555/98, Presse 364) and Addendum, 30 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union, and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area concerning alignment with the Declaration by the European Union on Kosovo. Council Press Release 57/98 (9247/98, Presse 194), 12 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union, the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and Iceland and Norway, EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area, on the EU programme for preventing and combating illicit trafficking in conventional arms. Council Press Release 51/98 (9240/98, Presse 187), 11 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the European Union, the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area concerning the prohibition of new investment in Serbia. Council Press Release 58/98 (9394/98, Presse 197), 16 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union and the United States on rebel atrocities against civilians in Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 43/98 (8534/98, Presse 154). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Equatorial Guinea. Council Press Release 119/98 (11606/98, Presse 326), 6 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the arrest of former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim [Malaysia]. Council Press Release 117/98 (11601/98, Presse 321), 2 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the humanitarian situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Council Press Release 90/98 (10759/98, Presse 277), 19 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the upsurge of violence in Kosovo. Council Press Release 18/98 (6286/1/98 Rev 1, Presse 53), 3 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union in honour of Mrs Starovoitova. Council Press Release 145/98 (13459/98, Presse 419), 26 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Afghanistan/Iran. Council Press Release 103/98 (10976/98, Presse 294), 11 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Algeria. Council Press Release 72/98 (9929/98, Presse 235), 8 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. Council Press Release 115/98 (11397/98, Presse 316), 29 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. Council Press Release 158/98 (14456/98, Presse 461), 28 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Belarus. Council Press Release 17/98 (6285/98, Presse 52), 27 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Belarus: Ambassadors' Residences at Drozdy. Council Press Release 64/98 (9722/98, Presse 219), 20 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Bosnia and Herzegovina : appeal to the population before the elections. Council Press Release 101/98 (100973/98, Presse 291), 7 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 104/98 (10978/98, Presse 296), 15 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Brcko. Council Press Release 22/98 (6626/98, Presse 68), 15 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 102/98 (10975/98, Presse 293), 11 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release 141/98 (13169/98, Presse 403), 20 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release 69/98 (9922/98, Presse 228), 26 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cambodia. Council Press Release 139/98 (13162/98, Presse 369), 19 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cambodia. Council Press Release 67/98 (9726/98, Presse 223), 25 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cambodia. Council Press Release 98/98 (10862/98, Presse 286), 3 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on DP boycott of Referendum on the Constitution in Albania. Council Press Release 135/98 (12737/98, Presse 375), 10 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on East Timor. Council Press Release 88/98 (10757/98, Presse 275), 12 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Estonia. Council Press Release 148/98 (13922/98, Presse 441), 9 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Ethiopian/Eritrean border clashes. Council Press Release 42/98 (8533/98, Presse 153), 15 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Georgia/Abkhazia. Council Press Release 49/98 (9033/98, Presse 177), 2 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guatemala. Council Press Release 126/98 (12120/98, Presse 350), 22 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guinea Bissau. Council Press Release 138/98 (13012/98, Presse 388), 17 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 82/98 (10584/98, Presse 265), 29 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 95/98 (10859/98, Presse 283), 2 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Indonesia. Council Press Release 140/98 (13167/98, Presse 401), 20 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Iraq. Council Press Release 19/98 (6291/98, Presse 58), 3 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Latvia. Council Press Release 118/98 (11604/98, Presse 324), 5 October 1998. Includes correction. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Latvia. Council Press Release 31/98 (7676/98, Presse 101), 17 April 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Latvia. Council Press Release 55/98 (9245, Presse 192), 9 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Latvia. Council Press Release 68/98 (9728/98, Presse 225), 25 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Lesotho. Council Press Release 113/98 (11395/98, Presse 314), 29 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Liberia and Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 79/98 (10399/98, Presse 258), 22 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Malaysia (Anwar Ibrahim's trial). Council Press Release 143/98 (13303/98, Presse --), 27 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Niger. Council Press Release 44/98 (8684/98, Presse 159), 29 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Nigeria. Council Press Release 61/98 (9400/98, Presse 203), 12 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Nigeria. Council Press Release 80/98 (10578/98, Presse 259), 22 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Pakistan nuclear tests. Council Press Release 47/98 (9031/98, Presse 175), 29 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Romania. Council Press Release 45/98 (8685/98, Presse 160), 20 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Rwanda. Council Press Release 75/98 (10233/98, Presse 245), 13 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Slovakia. Council Press Release 116/98 (11399/98, Presse 318), 30 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on South Africa. Council Press Release 134/98 (12557/98, Presse 366), 4 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sudan. Council Press Release 120/98 (11607/98, Presse 327), 7 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sudan. Council Press Release 33/98 (7941/98, Presse 114), 1 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sudan. Council Press Release 89/98 (10758/98, Presse 276), 14 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Tajikistan. Council Press Release 53/98 (9244/98, Presse 191), 8 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Turkey. Council Press Release 107/98 (11287/98, Presse 307), 25 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Turkey. Council Press Release 39/98 (8526/98, Presse 146), 13 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Turkish-Syrian relations. Council Press Release 129/98 (12279/98, Presse 356), 27 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Western Sahara. Council Press Release 159/98 (14457/98, Presse 462), 29 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Yemen/Eritrea [territorial dispute]. Council Press Release 125/98 (12119/98, Presse 349), 21 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on [the] missile test undertaken by the DPRK. Council Press Release 96/98 (10960/98, Presse 284), 3 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on an "Agreement on Free Transit through the Territory of Croatia to and from the Port of Ploce and Through the Territory of Bosnia and Herzegovena [sic] at Neum". Council Press Release 110/98 (11288/98, Presse 308), 23 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on elections in Nigeria. Council Press Release 32/98 (7938/98, Presse 111), 24 April 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on elections in Togo. Council Press Release 65/98 (9724/98, Presse 221), 24 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on events [in] Indonesia. Council Press Release 40/98 (8527/98, Presse 147), 13 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on executions in Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 124/98 (12118/98, Presse 348), 22 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on municipal elections in Mozambique. Council Press Release 48/98 (9032/98, Presse 176), 29 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on recent fighting in Kosovo. Council Press Release 77/98 (10397/98, Presse 256), 20 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Agreement between Peru and Ecuador. Council Press Release 127/98 (12276/98, Presse 353), 27 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Council Summit. Council Press Release 50/98 (9239/98, Presse 186), 4 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Common Position concerning Nigeria. Council Press Release 132/98 (12554/98, Presse 363), 30 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Decision of President Clerides concerning missiles (Cyprus). Council Press Release 16198 (14459/98, Presse 464), 30 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Council Press Release 36/98 (8356/98, Presse 135), 8 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict. Council Press Release 97/98 (10861/98, Presse 283), 3 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict. Council Press Release 137/98 (12741/1/98 Rev 1, Presse 379), 13 November 1997. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict. Council Press Release 154/98 (14132/98, Presse 451), 16 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the International Criminal Court. Council Press Release 78/98 (10398/98, Presse 257), 22 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Iraq crisis. Council Press Release 14/98 (6075/98, Presse 41), 20 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Middle East Peace Process. Council Press Release 147/98 (13679/98, Presse 433), 4 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Middle East Peace Process. Council Press Release 36/98 (8178/1/98 Rev 1, Presse 132), 7 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the National Assembly Elections in Nigeria. Council Press Release 35/98 (8176/98, Presse 130), 5 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Report of the UN inquiry into human rights violations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire). Council Press Release 76/98 (10396/1/98 Rev 1, Presse 255), 17 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Treason Trials in Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 99/98 (10863/98, Presse 287), 4 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Troika visit to East Timor. Council Press Release 66/98 (9725/98, Presse 222), 24 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Azerbaijan. Council Press Release 11/98 (6056/98, Presse 40), 19 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Bulgaria. Council Press Release 152/98 (13926/98, Presse 445), 11 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Estonia. Council Press Release 26/98 (7096/98, Presse 87), 27 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Lithuania. Council Press Release 160/98 (14458/98, Presse 463), 28 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the adoption of a common position on Kosovo. Council Press Release 23/98 (6892/1/98 Rev 1, Presse 76), 24 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the banning of the Refah party in Turkey. Council Press Release 4/98 (5269/98, Presse 11), 21 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the bombing of the Temple of the Tooth at Kandy [Sri Lanka]. Council Press Release 9/98 (5581/98, Presse 24), 9 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the conduct of the Presidential election in Togo. Council Press Release 70/98 (9923/98, Presse 229), 26 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the death of the United Nations Secretary-General's representative in Angola. Council Press Release 71/98 (9926/98, Presse 232), 29 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the decision by the Israeli Government to halt implementation of the Wye Memorandum. Council Press Release 156/98 (14388/98, Presse 458), 23 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the disappearances and killings of dissidents in Iran. Council Press Release 153/98 (14131/98, Presse 450), 16 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Cambodia. Council Press Release 83/98 (10585/98, Presse 266), 31 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the entry into force of the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association with the Republic of Tunisia. Council Press Release 6287/98 (Presse 54), 5 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the expansion of settlements on the Golan Heights [Israeli-Syrian relationship]. Council Press Release 92/98 (10855/98, Presse 279), 26 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the financial and economic situation in Russia. Council Press Release 91/98 (10760/98, Presse 278), 21 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the first EU/FYROM Political Dialogue meeting. Council Press Release 9/98 (5922/98, Presse 33), 13 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the human rights situation in Nigeria. Council Press Release 46/98 (8855/98, Presse 169) 27 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the inauguration of President Andres Pastrana Arango. Council Press Release 86/98, (10755/98, Presse 273), 7 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the incidents in Shkoder. Council Press Release 15/98 (6283/98, Presse 50), 25 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the issue of the author Salman Rushdie. Council Press Release 114/98 (11396/98, Presse 315), 28 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the killing of four hostages in Chechnya. Council Press Release 150/98 (13923/98, Presse 442), 9 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the massacre in Gihungwe, Burundi. Council Press Release 146/98 (13675/98, Presse 429), 3 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the massacre of civilians at Rukaramu (Burundi). Council Press Release 2/98 (5045/98, Presse 2), 7 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the moratorium on executions in Turkmenistan. Council Press Release 163/98 (14462/98, Presse 466), 31 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the murder of Monsenor Gerardi in Guatemala. Council Press Release 34/98 (8174/98, Presse 128), 4 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the negotiations of a protocol to the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention (BTWC). Council Press Release 155/98 (14387/98, Presse 457), 22 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the new Government of Republika Srpska. Council Press Release 5/98 (5270/98, Presse 12), 19 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the ninth anniversary of the Iranian fatwa against Salman Rushdie. Council Press Release 10/98 (5925/98, Presse 36), 16 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the Pope's visit to Nigeria. Council Press Release 24/98 (6893/98, Presse 77), 20 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the conclusion of the mandate of UNTAES on 15 January 1998. Council Press Release 3/98 (5265/98, Presse 7), 15 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the outcome of the Kenyan elections. Council Press Release 1/98 (5044/98, Presse 1), 6 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent developments in Myanmar/Burma. Council Press Release 84/98 (10752/98, Presse 270), 21 July 1998. [EU European Parliament Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent developments in the Lockerbie case. Council Press Release 94/98 (10858/98, Presse 282), 28 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of prisoners in Cuba. Council Press Release 13/98 (6059/98, Presse 43), 24 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the relocation of NGO offices in Kabul, Afghanistan. Council Press Release 81/98 (10583/98, Presse 264), 28 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the report of the United Nations Panel of Eminent Persons on the situation in Algeria. Council Press Release 108/98 (11286/98, Presse 306), 22 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the resumption of fighting in Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 123/98 (12117/98, Presse 347), 22 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the resumption of four-party talks on the Korea Peninsula. Council Press Release 122/98 (12112/98, Presse 342), 20 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signature of an agreement to implement the 1996 Education Agreement in Kosovo. Council Press Release 27/98 (7098/98, Presse 89), 23 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Afghanistan. Council Press Release 30/98 (7675/98, Presse 100), 16 April 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Burundi. Council Press Release 59/98 (9395/98, Presse 198), 11 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 54/98 (9242/98, Presse 189), 8 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 63/98 (9554/98, Presse 210), 16 June 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 73/98 (9931/98, Presse 237), 8 July 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Nigeria. Council Press Release 106/98 (10980/98, Presse 298), 18 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Russia. Council Press Release 100/98 (10864/98, Presse 288), 6 September 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 12/98 (6058/98, Presse 42), 20 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Slovakia. Council Press Release 21/98 (6622/98, Presse 64), 10 March 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Zambia. Council Press Release 7/98 (5576/98, Presse 19), 30 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Council Press Release 93/98 (10856/98, Presse 280), 27 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Council Press Release 87/98 (10756/98, Presse 274) 11 August 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Öcalan case. Council Press Release 142/98 (13170/98, Presse 404), 23 November 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding capital punishment in Kyrgyzstan. Council Press Release 162/98 (14461/98, Presse 465), 31 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia concerning the freezing of funds held abroad by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and Serbian Governments. Council Press Release 38/98 (8361/98, Presse 140), 11 May 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Declaration of the European Union on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 121/98 (11824/98, Presse 333), 9 October 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Déclaration de l'Union européenne la Bulgarie, Chypre, la Hongrie, l'Estonie, l'Islande, la Lettonie, la Lithuanie, la Norvège, la République Slovaque, la Slovénie, la République Tchèque et la Roumanie concernant l'Afghanistan. = Declaration [on Afghan-Soviet conflict] of the European Union, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Hungary, Estonia, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Romania on Afghanistan. Council Press Release 6/98 (5575/98, Presse 18), 30 January 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Déclaration de la Présidence su nom de l'Union européen sur la crise irakienne. = Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Iraq crisis. Council Press Release 14/98 (6057/98, Presse 41), 20 February 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) Joint declaration by the Presidency of the Council of the European Union and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. Council Press Release 151/98 (13924/98, Presse 443), 10 December 1998. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1998) SEEDS. Council Press Release, Presse 405-G. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration [on Afghan-Soviet conflict] by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Afghanistan. Council Press Release 78/99 (10395/99, Presse 248), 10 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union and Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta, the EFTA countries, members of the EEA, on Indonesia. Council Press Release 92/99 (11128/99, Presse 277), 21 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union and the Associated counties of Central and Eastern Europe , the Associated country Cyprus and the EFTA counties members of the European Economic Area regarding the Joint Action on the European's Union contribution to combating the destabilising accumulation and spread of small arms and light weapons. Council Press Release 26/99 (6548/99, Presse 73), 15 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and Iceland and Norway, EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, on contribution to the promotion of the early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Council Press Release 90/99 (10852/99, Presse 268), 16 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union on Kosovo. Council Press Release 53/99 (8658/99, Presse 172), 31 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union, the Central and Eastern European countries and Cyprus, associated with the European Union, and EFTA countries, Iceland and Liechtenstein, members of the European Economic Area, concerning Afghanistan. Council Press Release 10/99 (5877/99, Presse 33), 10 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union, the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area on the Common Position concerning Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 28/99 (6783/99, Presse 83), 23 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the European Union, the Central and Eastern European countries, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia associated with the European Union, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA country Iceland, member of the European Economic Area, on the Common Position concerning Libya. Council Press Release 43/99 (7560/99, Presse 117), 26 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Presidential elections in Tajikistan. Council Press Release 113/99 (12918/99, Presse 346), 16 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 102/99 (11653/99, Presse 298), 11 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the decision of the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly on East Timor. Council Press Release 107/99 (11942/99, Presse 311), 21 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the extension of the cease-fire in Sudan. Council Press Release 106/99 (11941/99, Presse 310), 21 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the killing of members of a humanitarian mission in Burundi. Council Press Release 103/99 (11658/99, Presse 303), 18 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the peace process in Guatemala. Council Press Release 101/99 (11652/99, Presse 297), 11 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Indonesia. Council Press Release 109/99 (12120/99, Presse 317), 22 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signing of the bilateral agreement between Chile and Peru. Council Press Release 115/99 (13150/99, Presse 361), 22 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Belarus. Council Press Release 108/99 (12117/99, Presse 314), 21 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union and Associated States concerning the start of peace talks in Colombia on 7 January 1999. Council Press Release 1/99 (5018/99, Presse 1), 6 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union and the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the associated country Cyprus and Iceland and Liechtenstein, EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area, on progress towards a legally binding protocol to strengthen compliance with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and with a view to the successful completion of the substantive work in the Ad Hoc Group by the end of 1999. Council Press Release 60/99 (8999/99, Presse 189), 10 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning a ban on the supply and sale of petroleum and petroleum products to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), and concerning additional restrictive measures against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Council Press Release 89/99 (10849/99, Presse 265), 10 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 110/99 (12124/99, Presse 321), 28 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated country Cyprus and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, concerning a ban on the supply and sale of petroleum and petroleum products to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). Council Press Release 44/99 (7739/99, Presse 127), 28 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning recent developments in Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 51/99 (8281/99, Presse 150), 18 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the 1999 Parliamentary election in Indonesia. Council Press Release 59/99 (8879/99, Presse 187), 9 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the parliamentary elections in Togo. Council Press Release 31/99 (6966/99, Presse 86), 25 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union in connection with the incoming Ministerial Mission of the Co-Presidency of the IPF Committee on Sudan. Council Press Release 7/99 (5456/99, Presse 22), 22 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. Council Press Release 58/99 (8870/99, Presse 179), 8 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. Council Press Release 69/99 (10130/99, Presse 222), 22 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Bangladesh. Council Press Release 22/99 (6220/99, Presse 60), 3 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Belarus. Council Press Release 72/99 (10258/99, Presse 234), 20 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Brcko. Council Press Release 23/99 (6540/99, Presse 65), 5 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi: Arusha Peace Process. Council Press Release 25/99 (6542/99, Presse 67), 18 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cuba. Council Press Release 65/99 (9408/99, Presse 205), 25 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on East Timor. Council Press Release 17/99 (6112/99, Presse 47), 19 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on East Timor. Council Press Release 36/99 (7213/99, Presse 99), 12 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on East Timor: New York agreement. Council Press Release 48/99 (8011/99, Presse 141), 7 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 19/99 (6216/99, Presse 56), 26 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Indonesia. Council Press Release 33/99 (6970/99, Presse 90), 8 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Kashmir. Council Press Release 64/99 (9407/99, Presse 204), 24 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Kashmir. Council Press Release 71/99 (10253/99, Presse 229), 20 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Korean Peninsula. Council Press Release 97/99 (11279/99, Presse 286), 29 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Libya. Council Press Release 35/99 (7211/99, Presse 97), 5 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Nepal. Council Press Release 56/99 (8663/99, Presse 177), 2 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Pakistan. Council Press Release 49/99 (8015/99, Presse 145), 11 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Pakistan. Council Press Release 79/99 (10559/99, Presse 249), 13 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Removal of President Poplasen [Bosnia/Herzegovena]. Council Press Release 24/99 (6541/99, Presse 66), 5 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Romania. Council Press Release 6/99 (5352/99, Presse 19), 22 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 2/99 (5020/99, Presse 3), 12 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Slovakia. Council Press Release 57/99 (8869/99, Presse 178), 1 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Somalia. Council Press Release 120/99 (13689/99, Presse 392), 3 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sudan. Council Press Release 3/99 (5025/99, Presse 8), 14 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Taiwan. Council Press Release 73/99 (10256/99, Presse 232), 20 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Western Sahara. Council Press Release 63/99 (9402/99, Presse 199), 21 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on granting Kuwaiti women the right to vote and to stand as candidates. Council Press Release 55/99 (8662/99, Presse 176), 31 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on relations between Bulgaria and FYROM. Council Press Release 16/99 (6121/99, Presse 46), 23 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Assassination of Abdul Kharzai in Pakistan. Council Press Release 75/99 (10389/99, Presse 242), 23 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 118/99 (13455/1/99, Presse 380), 26 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 52/99 (8282/99, Presse 151), 2 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 86/99 (10614/99, Presse 256), 3 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 93/99 (11127/99, Presse 276), 22 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Council Press Release 70/99 (10131/99, Presse 223), 16 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict. Council Press Release 74/99 (10257/99, Presse 223), 21 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopian/Eritrean intervention in Somalia. Council Press Release 61/99 (9002/99, Presse 192), 18 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Korean Peninsula. Council Press Release 32/99 (6967/99, Presse 87), 26 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Montenegrin initiative on relations with Serbia. Council Press Release 84/99 (10563/99, Presse 256), 20 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Philippines: the execution of Leo Echegaray. Council Press Release 9/99 (5875/99, Presse 31), 9 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Presidential Election and Referendum in Abkhazia [Georgia]. Council Press Release 99/99 (11284/99, Presse 291), 6 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Sharm-El-Sheikh Memorandum. Council Press Release 88/99 (10616/99, Presse 258), 7 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Sierra Leone Peace Agreement. Council Press Release 66/99 (9668/99, Presse 213), 15 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the arms trade to and within the Great Lakes Region. Council Press Release 62/99 (9003/99, Presse 193), 18 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the cease-fire agreement of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 67/99 (9669/99, Presse 214), 9 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia. Council Press Release 12/99 (5879/99, Presse 35), 11 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia. Council Press Release 20/99 (6218/99, Presse 58), 2 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia. Council Press Release 4/99 (5026/99, Presse 9), 15 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the coup d'etat in Niger. Council Press Release 38/99 (7216/99, Presse 102), 14 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the current political situation in Haiti. Council Press Release 8/99 (5457/99, Presse 23), 26 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the death penalty in Trinidad and Tobago. Council Press Release 54/99 (8661/99, Presse 175), 4 June 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the death penalty in Uganda. Council Press Release 45/99 (7742/99, Presse 130), 4 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the deaths of a Sudanese Red Crescent Worker and three Sudanese Government Officials. Council Press Release 34/99 (7210/99, Presse 96), 8 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the disappearance of Mr. Victor Gonchar Deputy Chairman of the 13th Supreme Soviet of Belarus. Council Press Release 95/99 (11131/99, Presse 280), 23 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Algeria. Council Press Release 42/99 (7399/99, Presse 113), 21 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Mozambique. Council Press Release 128/99 (14233/99, Presse 421), 28 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the events in Iran. Council Press Release 68/99 (10128/99, Presse 220), 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the execution of Sean Sellers. Council Press Release 11/99 (5878/99, Presse 34), 11 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the final report of the Commission for Historical Clarification in Guatemala. Council Press Release 30/99 (6965/99, Presse 85), 26 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the forced removals of civilians in Burundi. Council Press Release 98/99 (11285/99, Presse 292), 8 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the humanitarian cease-fire in Sudan. Council Press Release 82/99 (10562/99, Presse 252), 19 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the intra-Togolese dialogue and its facilitation. Council Press Release 100/99 (11650/99, Presse 295), 12 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the killings of civilians in Burundi. Council Press Release 85/99 (10613/99, Presse 255), 3 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the latest incidents in East Timor. Council Press Release 41/99 (7397/99, Presse 111), 20 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the meeting between the Presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan in Geneva. Council Press Release 76/99 (10388/99, Presse 241), 22 July 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the military coup in Ivory Coast. Council Press Release 129/99 (14234/99, Presse 422), 30 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the military coup in the Comoros. Council Press Release 47/99 (8007/99, Press3 137), 7 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the four Geneva Conventions. Council Press Release 77/99 (10394/99, Presse 247), 12 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the signing in Arusha of the agreement establishing the East African Community. Council Press Release 119/99 (13459/99, Presse 384), 30 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the outcome of the referendum on civil concord and peace in Algeria. Council Press Release 91/99 (11125/99, Presse 274), 21 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the outcome of the trial against four members of the "Internal Dissidence Working Group" in Havana, Cuba. Council Press Release 27/99 (6774/99, Presse 74), 17 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the outcomes of the trial of Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. Council Press Release 39/99 (7217/99, Presse 103), 14 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the parliamentary elections in Equatorial Guinea. Council Press Release 37/99 (7215/99, Presse 101), 14 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the peace effort in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Council Press Release 13/99 (5883/99, Presse 39), 17 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Kazakhstan. Council Press Release 5/99 (5346/99, Presse 13), 21 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Nigeria. Council Press Release 21/99 (6219/99, Presse 59), 3 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the ratification of the 6th Protocol of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights by Latvia. Council Press Release 40/99 (7396/99, Presse 110), 21 April 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent killings of civilians in Burundi. Council Press Release 83/99 (10612/99, Presse 254), 27 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of Mr. Mikhail N. Chigir, the former Prime Minister of Belarus. Council Press Release 121/99 (13693/1/99 Rev 1, Presse 396), 9 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of Mr. Mikhail N. Chigir, the former Prime Minister of Belarus. Council Press Release 121/99 (13693/99, Presse 396), 8 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the restoration of democracy in Niger. Council Press Release 127/99 (14068/99, Presse 413), 22 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation between India and Pakistan. Council Press Release 80/99 (10560/99, Presse 250), 12 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in East and West Timor. Council Press Release 94/99 (11129/99, Presse 278), 21 September 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Dagestan Republic of Russia. Council Press Release 81/99 (10561/99, Presse 251), 13 August 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on withdrawal of diplomatic missions staff from the FRY. Council Press Release 15/99 (6120/99, Presse 45), 19 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Cyprus, and Iceland, Liechtenstein [and] Norway, concerning additional restrictive measures against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Council Press Release 50/99 (8278/99, Presse 147), 12 May 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 105/99 (11936/99, Presse 305), 15 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration de la presidence au nom de l'Union europeenne sur Brcko. = Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Brcko. Council Press Release 23/99 (8540/99, Presse 65), 5 March 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Declaration of the European Union [on the arrest of Abdullah Ocalan]. Council Press Release 14/99 (6214/99, Presse 54), 22 February 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the EU Presidency [on recent developments in Kosovo]. Council Press Release 5347/99 (Presse 14), 20 January 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the European Union on freedom of the press in the FRY. Council Press Release 111/99 (12125/99, Presse 322), 29 October 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on Behalf of the European Union on the Presidential Elections in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 124/99 (13853/99, Presse 408), 11 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Latvian state law on language. Council Press Release 122/99 (13851/99, Presse 406), 9 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the date of the parliamentary elections in the Republic of Croatia. Council Press Release 117/99 (13454/99, Presse 379), 26 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the ongoing violence in Kosovo. Council Press Release 112/99 (12512/99, Presse 326), 4 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Chechnya. Council Press Release 130/99 (14309/99, Presse 423), 30 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on latest action against independent media in the FRY. Council Press Release 123/99 (13852/99, Presse 407), 10 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the death of the President of the Republic of Croatia, Dr. Franjo Tudjman. Council Press Release 125/99 (14054/99, Presse 410), 13 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation between Nicaragua and Honduras. Council Press Release 126/99 (14066/99, Presse 411), 14 December 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (1999) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Indonesia. Council Press Release 116/99 (13452/1/99 Rev 1, Presse 377), 25 November 1999. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration [on Palestinian-Israeli conflict] by the European Union on the Middle East. Council Press Release 178/00 (13435/00, Presse 440), 20 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration bv the Presidency on behalf of the Euronean Union on the Agreement demarcating the maritime border between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Council Press Release 107/00 (10333/00, Presse 268), 20 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration bv the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Lebanon. Council Press Release 75/00 (8831/00, Presse 182), 25 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union [on OPEC's decision to increase production]. Council Press Release 128/00 (11237/00, Presse 308), New York, 12 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union and the Associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area relating to the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Council Press Release 52/00 (7714/00, Presse 115), 18 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the release of Kosovar political prisoners held in Serbia. Council Press Release 2/01 (5044/01, Presse 2), 9 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union on the Middle East Peace Process [Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 129/00 (11238/00, Presse 309), 12 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union on the Middle East Peace Process [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 73/00 (8744/00, Presse 174), 22 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union on the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 153/00 (12124/00, Presse 377), 9 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union on the presidential and senatorial elections in Haiti. Council Press Release 182/00 (13864/00, Presse 456), 1 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the European Union on the situation in Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 183/00 (13868/00, Presse 460), 29 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Heads of State and Government of the European Union on the situation in the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 156/00 (12304/00, Presse 385), 13 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the EU concerning the intensification of repression against democratic forces, civil society and independent media in Serbia. Council Press Release 61/00 (8387/00, Presse 147), 10 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the EU concerning the seizure of Studio B by the Serbian Government. Council Press Release 66/00 (8573/00, Presse 158), 18 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the Euronean Union on the Serbian legislative elections of 23 December 2000. Council Press Release 194/00 (14673/00, Presse 491), 24 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the assassination of the Burundian Member of Parliament, Mr Gabriel Gisabwamana. Council Press Release 33/00 (7099/00, Presse 80), 24 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the election of Mr. Vladimir Putin as President of Russia. Council Press Release 36/00 (7349/00, Presse 88), 27 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union and by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus and Malta, countries associated with the European Union, and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, EFTA countries and members of the European Economic Area, concerning the maintenance of specific restrictive measures directed against Mr. Milosevic and persons associated with him. Council Press Release 184/00 (13997/00, Presse 463), 1 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 50/00 (7712/00, Presse 113), 17 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 165/00 (12479/00, Presse 402), 27 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Burma. Council Press Release 142/00 (11704/00, Presse 340), 28 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Burma. Council Press Release 142/00 (11704/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 340), 28 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Burma: support for Mr Razali. Council Press Release 143/00 (11710/00, Presse 346), 6 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Burundi. Council Press Release 158/00 (12306/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 387), 20 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 166/00 (12777/00, Presse 403), 28 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Indonesia. Council Press Release 80/00 (9268/00, Presse 199), 8 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Kashmir. Council Press Release 187/00 (14006/00, Presse 472), 8 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Kashmir. Council Press Release 198/00 (14838/00, Presse 497), 28 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Mozambique. Council Press Release 176/00 (13433/00, Presse 438), 21 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Sri Lanka. Council Press Release 175/00 (12930/00, Presse 422), 9 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning UNMIK's taking over responsibility for the Zvecan lead-smelting factory in Kosovo. Council Press Release 115/00 (10770/00, Presse 285), 21 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning West Timor, Moluccas and Aceh. Council Press Release 135/00 (11425/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 321), 22 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Zimbabwe. Council Press Release 141/00 (11566/00, Presse 336), 27 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning [the] Gambia. Council Press Release 103/00 (10182/00, Presse 259), 18 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning an attack against the United Kingdom embassy in Sana'a. Council Press Release 157/00 (12305/00, Presse 386), 16 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Arta conference on peace in Somalia. Council Press Release 117/00 (10772/00, Presse 287), 25 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 155/00 (12303/00, Presse 384), 13 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). Council Press Release 177/00 (13432/1/00 REV1, Presse 437), 21 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the attacks on the Yugoslav representative in Pristina and on three Serb policemen. Council Press Release 180/00 (13668/00, Presse 451), 27 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the bloody attack at an election rally in Sri Lanka on 2 October 2000. Council Press Release 148/00 (11826/00, Presse 354), 4 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 64/00 (8393/00, Presse 153), 17 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the decision by Ukraine's Parliament to abolish the death penalty and to ratify Protocol 6 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Council Press Release 26/00 (6454/00, Presse 53), 29 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the decision by the Peruvian President, Alberto Fujimori, to organise fresh elections. Council Press Release 134/00 (11424/00, Presse 320), 20 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Kosovo. Council Press Release 170/00 (12785/00, Presse 411), 3 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Tanzania. Council Press Release 171/00 (12786/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 412), 6 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the electoral process in Haiti. Council Press Release 102/00 (10179/00, Presse 256), 12 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the illegal occupying of farms in Zimbabwe. Council Press Release 29/00 (6804/00, Presse 67), 13 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the internal situation in Albania. Council Press Release 185/00 (13998/00, Presse 464), 1 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the judgment handed down against Mr Chigir. Council Press Release 74/00 (8830/00, Presse 181), 25 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the next visit of the Troika to Rangoon. Council Press Release 190/00 (14521/00, Presse 482), 15 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the position of Archbishop Emmanuel Kataliko. Council Press Release 24/00 (6452/00, Presse 51), 29 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Afghanistan. Council Press Release 104/00 (10326/00, Presse 261), 14 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 137/00, (11560/00, Presse 330), 22 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 99/00 (10173/00, Presse 250), 10 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the verdict in the trial of former PM Nawaz Sharif. Council Press Release 47/00 (7706/00, Presse 107), 11 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the verdict of the second trial of Anwar Ibrahim [Malaysia]. Council Press Release 112/00 (10766/00, Presse 281), 10 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the parliamentary elections in Sri Lanka on 10 October 2000. Council Press Release 168/00 (12782/00, Presse 408), 31 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the presidential elections in Mexico. Council Press Release 96/00 (9855/00, Presse 239), 5 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. Council Press Release 004/00 (5040/00, Presse 4), 17 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burma. Council Press Release 150/00 (12011/1/00, Presse 363), 6 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 123/00 (10911/00, Presse 293), 2 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 68/00 (8577/00, Presse 162), 24 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release 012/00 (5832/00, Presse 23), 4 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release 131/00 (11421/00, Presse 317), 19 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cambodia: Khmer Rouge Tribunal. Council Press Release 43/00 (7529/00, Presse 97), 10 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 149/00 (12007/00, Presse 359), 10 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 186/00 (14005/00, Presse 471), 7 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on East Timor. Council Press Release 13/00 (5833/00, Presse 24), 4 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Ethiopia/Eritrea. Council Press Release 60/00 (8206/00, Presse 143), 10 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 10/00 (5563/00, Presse 17), 27 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Guinea-Bissau. Council Press Release 65/00 (8395/00, Presse 155), 19 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Human Rights in Nepal. Council Press Release 78/00 (8978/00, Presse 190), 30 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Indonesia. Council Press Release 62/00 (8389/00, Presse 149), 15 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Laos. Council Press Release 197/00 (14837/00, Presse 496), 22 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Lebanon. Council Press Release 15/00 (5838/00, Presse 29), 9 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Lebanon. Council Press Release 59/00 (8205/00, Presse 142), 6 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Mr Birdal's re-imprisonment. Council Press Release 38/00 (7353/00, Presse 92), 7 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 57/00 (8200/00, Presse 137), 5 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sri Lanka. Council Press Release 63/00 (8390/00, Presse 150), 15 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sri Lanka. Council Press Release 83/00 (9271/00, Presse 202), 9 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Togo. Council Press Release 97/00 (10077/00, Presse 241), 12 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on West Timor. Council Press Release 124/00 (10913/00, Presse 295), 7 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Zimbabwe. Council Press Release 133/00 (11423/00, Presse 319), 19 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on constitutional referendum in Zimbabwe. Council Press Release 23/00 (6448/00, Presse 47), 25 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on humanitarian aid in southern Sudan. Council Press Release 25/2000 (6453/00, Presse 52), 8 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on implementation of the Lusaka Agreement. Council Press Release 130/00 (11240/00, Presse 311), 22 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on recent developments in Somalia. Council Press Release 127/00 (10912/00, Presse 294), 8 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Arusha Summit. Council Press Release 119/00 (10744/00, Presse 289), 29 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 162/00 (12473/00, Presse 396), 25 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopia-Eritrean conflict. Council Press Release 84/00 (9276/00, Presse 207), 14 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Independence Day March, in Minsk on 25 March. Council Press Release 39/00 (7354/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 93), 3 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Presidential Elections in Senegal held on 19 March 2000. Council Press Release 35/00 (7347/00, Presse 86), 29 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 5/00 (5041/00, Presse 5), 25 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Solomon Islands. Council Press Release 79/00 (8983/00, Presse 195), 6 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Summit of Heads of State of the countries of South America. Council Press Release 122/00 (10910/00, Presse 292), 1 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ukrainian Constitutional Court judgement regarding the constitutionality of the referendum to be held on 16 April. Council Press Release 42/00 (7528/00, Presse 96), 4 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Cyprus. Council Press Release 11/00 (5564/00, Presse 18), 28 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the abolition of the death penalty in Turkmenistan. Council Press Release 7/00 (5557/00, Presse 11), 24 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the admission of the FRY to the United Nations. Council Press Release 173/00 (12922/00, Presse 414), 3 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the agreement between Nicaragua and Honduras. Council Press Release 19/00 (6111/00, Presse 35), 16 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the announcement of a Summit meeting between the two Koreas. Council Press Release 48/00 (7709/00, Presse 110), 13 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the arrest of Mr. Nurberdy Nurmamedov and his son. Council Press Release 34/00 (7102/00, Presse 83), 27 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the attack in Pristina on Friday 18 August inside the OSCE mission housing Kosovo political parties and the seat of the Yugoslav representation in Pristina. Council Press Release 118/00 (10773/00, Presse 288), 23 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the bomb outrage in Pakistan. Council Press Release 139/00 (11564/00, Presse 334), 22 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the bombing of civilian targets in Sudan. Council Press Release 114/00 (10769/00, Presse 284), 18 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the bombings of civilian targets by the Sudanese air force. Council Press Release 46/00 (7705/00, Presse 106), 5 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the civil war in Sudan. Council Press Release 91/00 (9879/00, Presse 233), 30 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the conduct of the parliamentary elections in Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 193/00 (14669/00, Presse 487), 19 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the constitutional referendum in Cote d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 110/00 (10584/00, Presse 278), 28 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the development of the situation in Fiji. Council Press Release 108/00 (10578/00, Presse 272), 25 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Zimbabwe. Council Press Release 93/00 (9811/00, Presse235), 4 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the electoral process in Peru. Council Press Release 44/00 (7535/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 103), 7 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the fate of Ethiopian and Eritrean civilians. Council Press Release 121/00 (10909/00, Presse 291), 1 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the installation of the Constituent and Legislative Assembly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Council Press Release 116/00 (10771/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 286), 23 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the introduction of a moratorium on executions in Illinois, US. Council Press Release 14/00 (5834/00, Presse 25), 8 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the introduction of a moratorium on executions in the Philippines. Council Press Release 40/00 (7355/00, Presse 94), 3 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the local elections in Equatorial Guinea. Council Press Release 56/00 (8065/00, Presse 134), 4 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the normalisation of Sudanese relations with neighbouring countries. Council Press Release 6/00 (5042/00, Presse 6), 31 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Council Press Release 027/00 (6589/00, Presse 55), 5 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the start of work on the reconnection of the rail networks of the north and the south of the Korean Peninsula. Council Press Release 136/00 (11426/00, Presse 322), 19 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the parliamentary elections in Iran. Council Press Release 21/00 (6113/00, Presse 37), 25 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the postponement of legislative and local elections in Haiti. Council Press Release 30/00 (6806/00, Presse 69), 15 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Kyrgyzstan. Council Press Release 151/00 (12121/00, Presse 374), 10 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Kyrgyzstan. Council Press Release 174/00 (12923/00, Presse 415), 6 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Senegal. Council Press Release 16/00 (5839/00, Presse 30), 14 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the progress of the intra-Togolese dialogue. Council Press Release 51/00 (7713/00, Presse 114), 20 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the re-election of President Eduard Shevardnadze of Georgia. Council Press Release 53/00 (7928/00, Presse 114), 20 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent elections in the Mexican State of Chiapas. Council Press Release 120/00 (10908/00, Presse 290), 25 August 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent terrorist acts in Teheran [sic]. Council Press Release 18/00 (6109/00, Presse 33), 15 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent violence in Abidjan, in particular the Yopougon massacre. Council Press Release 167/00 (12781/00, Presse 407), 30 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the referendum held in Uganda on 29 June 2000. Council Press Release 98/00 (10083/00, Presse 247), 07 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of Mrs Flora Brovina on 1 November. Council Press Release 172/00 (12921/00, Presse 413), 6 November 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the resumption of the proximity talks [relating to Cyprus] in Geneva. Council Press Release 169/00 (12784/00, Presse 410), 31 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the sending of EU "democracy witnesses" to the FRY. Council Press Release 138/00 (11562/00, Presse 332), 22 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the sentencing of Messrs Statkevich and Shchukin. Council Press Release 89/00 (9876/00, Presse 230), 28 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signing of the peace agreement between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 189/00 (14513/00, Presse 474), 12 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Guinea. Council Press Release 196/00 (14834/00, Presse 493), 22 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Kisangani. Council Press Release 81/00 (9269/00, Presse 200), 9 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in [The] Gambia. Council Press Release 49/00 (7711/00, Presse 112), 14 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 45/00 (7537/00, Presse 105), 12 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the verdict in the trial of the Iranian Jews. Council Press Release 94/00 (9833/00, Presse 237), 1 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the violation of UN embargoes on Sierra Leone. Council Press Release 76/00 (8833/00, Presse 184), 7 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area on Angola. Council Press Release 100/00 (10177/00, Presse 254), 11 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus and Malta, countries associated with the European Union, and Liechtenstein and Norway, EFTA countries and members of the European Economic Area, concerning the FRY. Council Press Release 161/00 (12471/00, Presse 394), 20 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the situation of Mr. Alpha Conde. Council Press Release 37/00 (7351/00, Presse 90), 6 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, regarding a declaration by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 154/00 (12301/00, Presse 382), 13 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, regarding a declaration by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries members of the European Economic Area concerning Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 101/00 (10178/00, Presse 255), 11 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on Mexico: the conflict in Chiapas. Council Press Release 192/00 (14666/00, Presse 484), 20 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on action taken by the OAS and on the appointment of Mr Latorre as permanent secretary of the OAS in Peru. Council Press Release 106/00 (10331/00, Presse 266), 24 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the human rights and humanitarian situation in Colombia. Council Press Release 72/00 (8737/00, Presse 167), 23 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the opening of peace talks between the Colombian Government and the ELN. Council Press Release 105/00 (10330/00, Presse 265), 20 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the situation in Paraguay. Council Press Release 69/00 (8578/00, Presse 163), 22 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the situation in Peru. Council Press Release 82/00 (9270/00, Presse 201), 9 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the situation of human rights in Guatemala. Council Press Release 54/00 (7929/00, Presse 118), 26 April 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration by the presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 77/00 (8977/00, Presse 189), 30 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration of the Presidency on Behalf of the European Union on the situation in Indonesia. Council Press Release 3/00 (5039/1/00 Rev 1, Presse 3), 17 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the legislative elections in Belarus on 15 October 2000. Council Press Release 159/00 (12308/00, Presse 389), 18 October 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) EU Declaration on the PIC. Council Press Release 71/00 (8736/00, Presse 166), 22 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) EU Declaration on the Recent Events in Serbia. Council Press Release 70/00 (8580/00, Presse 165), 22 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Joint Declaration issued by the Government of the Republic of Sudan and the European Union. Council Press Release 199/00 (14839/00, Presse 498), 8 December 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Presidency declaration on behalf of the European Union on the health of the Serb journalist, Mr Miroslav Filipovic. Council Press Release 125/00 (10914/00, Presse 296), 8 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Presidency declaration on behalf of the European Union on the appeal proceedings involving ten members of the Jewish community in Iran. Council Press Release 140/00 (11565/00, Presse 335), 25 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Presidency declaration on behalf of the European Union on the trial of Miroslav Filipovic. Council Press Release 109/00 (10583/00, Presse 277), 26 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Presidency declaration on behalf of the European Union regarding the framework agreement signed between the armed RUD and the government of Djibouti. Council Press Release 20/00 (6112/00, Presse 36), 21 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement bv the Presidencv on behalf of the European Union concerning UNMIK travel documents. Council Press Release 55/00 (8060/00 Presse 129), 3 May 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the European Union on Croatia. Council Press Release 9/00 (5560/00, Presse 14), 24 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the EU on the result of the elections in FRY. Council Press Release 144/00 (11821/00, Presse 349), 29 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the decision by Ukraine's Constitutional Court on the death penalty on December 30th, 1999. Council Press Release 2/00 (5038/00, Presse 2), 11 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning second round of the Presidential elections held in the Republic of Croatia on 7 February 2000. Council Press Release 17/00 (6107/00, Presse 31), 10 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the parliamentary elections held in the Republic of Croatia on 3 January. Council Press Release 1/00 (5037/00, Presse 1), 5 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Latvia and the adoption of the Regulations implementing the State Language Law. Council Press Release 126/00 (10915/00, Presse 297), 8 September 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on recent events in the town of Mitrovica. Council Press Release 22/00 (6115/00, Presse 39), 23 February 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Estonian Language Law and the State Integration Programme. Council Press Release 86/00 (9521/00, Presse 220), 19 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the border treaty between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Council Press Release 90/00 (9877/00, Presse 231), 29 June 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the execution of six men in Uzbekistan as a result of the bomb attack in February 1999 in Tashkent. Council Press Release 8/00 (5558/00, Presse 12), 28 January 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the extradition of Mladen Naletilic (Tuta) to the ICTY in the Hague. Council Press Release 32/00 (7097/00, Presse 78), 21 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the violation of the right to freedom of expression in Serbia. Council Press Release 28/00 (6590/00, Presse 56), 3 March 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2000) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the elections in FRY and Serbia. Council Press Release 111/00 (10585/00, Presse 279), 28 July 2000. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration [on Afghan-Soviet conflict] by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, concerning Afghanistan. Council Press Release 50/01 (6749/01, Presse 90), 6 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration [on Afghan-Soviet conflict] by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Taliban edict on destruction of all statues in Afghanistan. Council Press Release 42/01 (6685/01, Presse 81), 1 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the promulgation of a Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self-Government in Kosovo and the announcement of Kosovo-wide elections. Council Press Release 98/01 (8856/01, Presse 192), 18 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the situation in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 138/01 (11216/01, Presse 301/01), 1 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the New Council of Ministers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 37/01 (6510/01, Presse 65), 26 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the appearance at the ICTY of the ex-President of Republika Srpska [Bosnia/Herzegovina], Ms. Biljana Plavsic. Council Press Release 7/01 (5051/01, Presse 9), 12 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the situation in Southern Serbia. Council Press Release 33/01 (6293/01, Presse 53), 19 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the violent incidents on the border between FRY/Kosovo and FYROM. Council Press Release 39/01 (6681/01, Presse 77), 2 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta, and Turkey, and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, on the situation in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 91/01 (8443/01, Presse 171), 4 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union and the Central and eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, on the arrest and transfer of Milomir Stakic to the Hague. Council Press Release 66/01 (7365/01, Presse 123) 28 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union concerning recent developments in Mexico. Council Press Release 96/01 (8540/01, Presse 183), 14 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union on Guatemala-Belize territorial dispute. Council Press Release 56/01 (6923/01, Presse 100), 9 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union on Presidency elections in Peru. Council Press Release 108/01 (9391/01, Presse 219), 6 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union on the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 188/01 (15180/01, Presse 466), 10 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union on the Middle East. Council Press Release 171/01 (12588/01, Presse 351), 29 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union on the introduction of democracy in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after the events of 5 October 2000. Council Press Release 162/01 (12737/01, Presse 358), 8 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the European Union on the situation in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 90/01 (8439/01, Presse 167), 3 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus and Malta, countries associated with the European Union, and EFTA countries Iceland and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on a via ban against extremists in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 129/01 (10931/01, Presse 289), 20 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning East Timor. Council Press Release 148/01 (11433/01, Presse 313), 31 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Ghana. Council Press Release 001/01 (5043/01, Presse 1), 4 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Kosovo. Council Press Release 174/01 (13577/01, Presse 405), 6 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning Madagascar's presidential elections. Council Press Release 182/01 (14324/01, Presse 434), 22 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning constitutional reform in Turkey. Council Press Release 167 (13132/01, Presse 379), 23 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 124/01 (10602/01, Presse 275), 6 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Parliamentary elections in Cape Verde. Council Press Release 14/01 (5277/01, Presse 17), 19 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Philippines. Council Press Release 15/01 (5280/01, Presse 20), 20 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the Referendum on Constitutional reform in Bahrain. Council Press Release 32/01 (6292/01, Presse 52), 16 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the abolition of the death penalty in Chile. Council Press Release 107/01 (9294/01, Presse 216), 1 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the bombing of the "Daily News" Newspaper in Zimbabwe. Council Press Release 20/01 (5694/01, Presse 33), 31 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the development of the situation in the Mano River Union countries. Council Press Release 155/01 (11777/01, Presse 316), 24 September 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Bangladesh. Council Press Release 158/01 (12464/01, Presse 344), 5 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the elections in Nicaragua. Council Press Release 175/01 (13771/01, Presse 410), 9 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the local and parliamentary elections in Mauritania. Council Press Release 181/01 (14268, Presse 432), 21 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the mounting violence in Colombia. Council Press Release 135/01 (11212/01, Presse 297), 30 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Abkhazia (Georgia). Council Press Release 164/01 (12792/01, Presse 360), 12 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Burundi. Council Press Release 132/01 (10935/01, Presse 293), 24 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the verdicts against Iranian intellectuals for their participation in a conference on Iran in Berlin in April 2000. Council Press Release 11/01 (5274/01, Presse 14), 16 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the attack in Haifa on 12 August and the closure of Orient House in East Jerusalem [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 143/01 (11426/01, Presse 306), 13 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the elections in Honduras on 25 November. Council Press Release 185/01 (14756/01, Presse 450), 30 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the first vote in the Parliament of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on constitutional changes. Council Press Release 149/01 (11434/01, Presse 314), 7 September 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the swearing in of the President of Iran. Council Press Release 141/01 (11219/01, Presse 304), 10 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union in support of OAS efforts in Haiti. Council Press Release 120/01 (10237/01, Presse 256), 28 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Aceh. Council Press Release 8/01 (5052/01, Presse 10), 12 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Angola. Council Press Release 120/01 (9117/01, Presse 202), 29 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Belarusian election. Council Press Release 113/01 (9751/01, Presse 229), 11 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 28/01 (5926/01, Presse 45), 8 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cambodia. Council Press Release 144/01 (11427/01, Presse 307), 16 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Cyprus - United Nations process. Council Press Release 166 (13131/01, Presse 378), 23 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Côte d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 4/01 (5048/01, Presse 6), 11 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Eritrea. Council Press Release 157/01 (12381/2/01 Rev 2, Presse 339), 5 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Fiji. Council Press Release 62/01 (7359/01, Presse 117), 22 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on India. Council Press Release 191/01 (15316/01, Presse 474), 13 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Israeli settlement activities [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 70/01 (7590/01, Presse 134), 4 April 134. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Kalimantan, Indonesia. Council Press Release 43/01 (6686/01, Presse 82), 2 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Kofi Annan's candidature for a second term as UNSG. Council Press Release 63/01 (7360/01, Presse 118), 22 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Nepal. Council Press Release 76/01 (7893/01, Presse 148), 12 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on New Council of Ministers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 36/01 (6298/01, Presse 58), 22 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Philippines. Council Press Release 88/01 (8083/01, Presse 165), 27 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Philippines. Council Press Release 89/01 (8404/01, Presse 166), 4 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on President Putin's statement supporting the abolition of the death penalty in the Russian Federation. Council Press Release 127/01 (10610/01, Presse 283), 17 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Sudanese Peace Process. Council Press Release 115/01 (9753/01, Presse 231), 12 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Taliban edict on Hindus. Council Press Release 105/01 (9287/01, Presse 209), 30 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Togo. Council Press Release 122/01 (10601/01, Presse 274), 6 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Togo. Council Press Release 161/01 (12657/01, Presse 355), 18 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Togo. Council Press Release 23/01 (5700/01, Presse 39), 6 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on account of the coup attempt in the Central African Republic. Council Press Release 106/01 (9293/01, Presse 215), 1 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on corporal punishment in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Council Press Release 16/01 (5515/01, Presse 29), 20 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on developments in Ukraine. Council Press Release 87/01 (8082/1/01, Presse 164, REV 1 en only), 27 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on extra-judicial killings. Council Press Release 29/01 (5928/01, Presse 47), 13 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on human rights in Namibia. Council Press Release 81/01 (7900/01, Presse 155), 2 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on joint Bhuntan-Nepal refugees verification. Council Press Release 5/01 (5049/01, Presse 7), 12 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on monitoring of the elections in Belarus. Council Press Release 136/01 (11213/01, Presse 298), 27 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on resumed India-Pakistan dialogue. Council Press Release 104/01 (9286/01, Presse 208), 29 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on talks between the government of Nepal and the Maoist insurgents. Council Press Release 153/01 (11815/01, Presse 321), 24 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Democratic Republic of Congo. Council Press Release 13/01 (5276/1/01 Rev 1, Presse 16), 22 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Ethiopian-Eritrean Peace Process. Council Press Release 44/01 (6687/01, Presse 83), 30 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Humanitarian Accord between the Government of Colombia and the FARC. Council Press Release 110/01 (9394/01, Presse 222), 8 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Indo-Pakistan Summit, Agra, 15-16 July 2001. Council Press Release 128/01 (10929/01, Presse 287), 19 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the LTTE terrorist attack in Sri Lanka. Council Press Release 137/01 (11215/1/01 REV 1, Presse 300), 27 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Montenegrin parliamentary elections of 22 April 2001. Council Press Release 84/01 (8078/01, Presse 160), 23 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Presidential elections in Benin. Council Press Release 71/01 (7591/01, Presse 135), 6 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the Report of the Sharm-el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee. Council Press Release 101/01 (8861/01, Presse 197), 22 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the appearance at the ICTY of Mr. Blagoje Simic. Council Press Release 58/01 (6927/01, Presse 104), 12 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the appearance at the ICTY of the ex-President of Republika Srpska, Ms. Biljana Plavsic. Council Press Release 6/01 (5050/01, Presse 8), 11 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the appointment of a new Prime Minister in Nepal and the subsequent announcement of the ceasefire. Council Press Release 133/01 (11210/01, Presse 295), 26 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the arrest and transfer of Milomir Stakic to the Hague. Council Press Release 65/01 (73648/01, Presse 122), 27 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the border demarcation agreement between the FRY and the FRYOM. Council Press Release 35/01 (6297/01, Presse 57), 23 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the bus attack in Tel Aviv. Council Press Release 30/01 (5929/01, Presse 48), 14 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the centenary of the Nobel Peace Prize. Council Press Release 186/01 (14893/01, Presse 455), 8 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the closure of the Fazilet Party in Turkey. Council Press Release 119/01 (10233/01, Presse 255), 26 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the death sentences and executions carried out by Palestinian Authority. Council Press Release 9/01 (5271/01, Presse 11), 15 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the demobilisation of ethnic Albanian armed groups in the Presevo Valley area. Council Press Release 99/01 (8858/01, Presse 194), 22 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the demolition of Palestinian houses in Jerusalem. Council Press Release 126/01 (10604/01, Presse 277), 10 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the deteriorating situation in the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 69/01 (7585/01, Presse 129), 29 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the developments in Zanzibar/Tanzania. Council Press Release 18/01 (5692/01, Presse 31), 31 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the earthquake in India. Council Press Release 17/01 (5516/01, Presse 30), 29 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Fiji. Council Press Release 156/01 (12283/01, Presse 335), 28 September 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the escalation of violence in the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 123/01 (10241/01, Presse 263), 3 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the escalation of violence in the Middle East [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 78/01 (7897/01, Presse 152), 18 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the establishment of a broad coalition Government in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Council Press Release 95/01 (8537/01, Presse 180), 11 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the events in Nepal. Council Press Release 111/01 (9396/01, Presse 224), 8 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the fate of Yury Zakharenko [from Belarus]. Council Press Release 92/01 (8445/01, Presse 173), 7 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the forthcoming general elections in Nicaragua. Council Press Release 172/01 (13415/01, Presse 399), 31 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the hema-lendu conflict in north-eastern DRC. Council Press Release 19/01 (5693/01, Presse 32), 1 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the holding of presidential elections in Belarus. Council Press Release 152/01 (11812/01, Presse 320), 4 September 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the initiatives taken by the President of Latvia to amend the electoral law. Council Press Release 190/01 (15310/01, Presse 470), 13 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the inter-Korean ministerial meeting from 15 to 18 September 2001. Council Press Release 154/01 (12086/01, Presse 328), 30 September 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the internal situation in Guinea. Council Press Release 168/01 (13241/01, Presse 388), 25 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the local elections in Abkhazia. Council Press Release 60/01 (6932/01 Presse 109), 16 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the local elections in the Côte d'Ivoire. Council Press Release 68/01 (7368/01, Presse 123), 20 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the meeting in Gaborone concerning the inter-Congolese pre-dialogue. Council Press Release 147/01 (11431/01, Presse 311), 30 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the nation wide local elections in Croatia 20 May. Council Press Release 100/01 (8859/01, Presse 195), 22 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the award of the Nobel Peace Prize jointly to the United Nations Organisation and to its Secretary-General Kofi ANNAN. Council Press Release 165/01 (12849/01, Presse 367), 16 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the opening of the bridge between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Council Press Release 189/01 (15252/01, Presse 469), 12 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the opening of the inter-Congolese dialogue. Council Press Release 145/01 (11428/01, Presse 308), 17 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the parliamentary elections in Moldova on 25 February 2001. Council Press Release 45/01 (6688/01, Presse 84), 2 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the political violence in Bangladesh. Council Press Release 118/01 (9936/01, Presse 247), 27 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential and parliamentary elections in Peru. Council Press Release 77/01 (7896/01, Presse 151), 12 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential election in Iran. Council Press Release 112 (9399/01, Presse 227), 11 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential elections in Uganda. Council Press Release 61/01 (6934/01, Presse 111), 21 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the promulgation of a Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self Government in Kosovo and the announcement of Kosovo-wide elections. Council Press Release 97/01 (8852/01, Presse 188), 16 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent Presidential amnesty. Council Press Release 192/01 (15394/01, Presse 478), 17 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent Summit of the IGAD Committee on the Sudan, held in Nairobi on 2 June 2001. Council Press Release 109/01 (9393/01, Presse 221), 8 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the recent dialogue initiative proposed by Haitian civil society. Council Press Release 26/01 (5924/01, Presse 43), 6 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of Kosovar political prisoners held in Serbia. Council Press Release 195/00 (14674/00, Presse 492), 3 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of Rodolfo Montiel and Teodoro Cabrera. Council Press Release 180/01 (14212/01, Presse 430), 19 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the release of the "Djakova/Djakovica group." Council Press Release 86/01 (8081/01, Presse 163), 26 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the sentences against Dr. Saad Eddin Ibrahim/Ibn Khaldoun Centre. Council Press Release 103/01 (9119/01, Presse 204), 28 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the signing of the framework agreement in Skopje. Council Press Release 142/01 (11425/01, Presse 305), 13 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Burundi. Council Press Release 177/01 (13844/01, Presse 416), 12 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Burundi. Council Press Release 72/01 (7837/01, Presse 145), 11 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in FYROM. Council Press Release 134/01 (11211/01, Presse 296), 26 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Somalia. Council Press Release 140/01 (11218/01, Presse 303), 10 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation of Afghan refugees on Tajik borders. Council Press Release 12/01 (5275/01, Presse 15), 12 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation of the media in Russia. Council Press Release 187/01 (15109/01, Presse 461), 7 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the upcoming electoral process in Nicaragua. Council Press Release 85/01 (8079/01, Presse 161), 8 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the violent attacks near the village of Tanusevci. Council Press Release 51/01 (6750/01, Presse 91), 6 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on train attack in Angola. Council Press Release 146/01 (11429/01, Presse 309), 21 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on troop redeployments in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) by Rwanda and Uganda. Council Press Release 49/01 (6784/01, Presse 89), 6 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on violent incidents on the border between FRY/Kosovo and FRYOM. Council Press Release 38/01 (6680/01, Presse 76), 28 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, concerning the extension of the Common Position on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 75/01 (7892/01, Presse 147), 12 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus and Malta, countries associated with the European Union, and EFTA countries Iceland and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the violent attacks near the village of Tanusevci. Council Press Release 53/01 (6754/01, Presse 95), 8 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, countries associated with the European Union, and EFTA countries Iceland and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the conclusions of the HDZ-led Croat National Congress of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 54/01 (6755/01, Presse 96), 8 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, countries associated with the European Union, and EFTA countries Iceland and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, on the maintenance of specific restrictive measures direct against Mr Milosevic and persons associated with him. Council Press Release 41/01 (6684/01, Presse 80), 5 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding a declaration by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, countries associated with the European Union, and EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, on the appearance at the ITCY of Mr Blagoie Simic. Council Press Release 59/01 (6929/01, Presse 106), 14 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the IGAD peace process. Council Press Release 74/01 (7838/01, Presse 146), 11 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the installation of General Musharraf as President of Pakistan. Council Press Release 117/01 (10227/01, Presse 249), 22 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the recent upsurge in violence in Mitrovica. Council Press Release 22/01 (5698/01, Presse 37), 2 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union regarding the situation in Haiti. Council Press Release 169/01 (13274/01, Presse 389), 26 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries belonging to the European Economic Area upon the nomination of the new Prime Minister of Belarus. Council Press Release 160/01 (12643/01, Presse 354), 10 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union upon the inauguration of President Alejandro Toledo of Peru. Council Press Release 130/01 (10932/01 Presse 290), 28 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union upon the resignation of Bolivia's President and the inauguration of his successor. Council Press Release 139/01 (11217/01, Presse 302), 7 August 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, regarding a declaration by the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey, and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area concerning Ethipoia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 67/01 (7584/01, Presse 128), 29 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus and Malta and EFTA countries, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, concerning restrictive measures against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Council Press Release 173/01 (13447/01, Presse 400), 31 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus,Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, concerning restrictive measures against the Taliban and amending Common Position 1996/746/CFSP, 2001/56/CFSP and 2001/154/CFSP. Council Press Release 178/01 (14067/01, Presse 422), 16 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the the European Union on Mexico. Council Press Release 40/01 (6682/01, Presse 78), 1 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, condemning the murder of Ms Araujo Noguera, former Minister for Culture of Colombia. Council Press Release 159/01 (12506/01, Presse 347), 8 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, following the killing of Ms Digna Ochoa y Plácido. Council Press Release 170/01 (13298/01, Presse 395), 29 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, in the light of the natural disaster - Hurricane Iris - which struck Belize. Council Press Release 163/01 (12772/01, Presse 359), 12 October 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the Framework Agreement for Reconciliation in the Comoros. Council Press Release 34/01 (6296/01, Presse 56), 28 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the peace process in Colombia. Council Press Release 10/01 (5272/01, Presse 12), 19 January 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration by the Presidency, on behalf of the European Union, on the peace process in Colombia. Council Press Release 184/01 (14639/01, Presse 447),7 December 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the European Union on the Ratification by Andorra of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Council Press Release 93/01 (8448/01, Presse 176), 10 May 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the European Union on the occasion of the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture. Council Press Release (10234/01, Presse 256), 25 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the European Union on the occasion of the International Day in support of victims of torture. Council Press Release 121/01 (10238/01, Presse 260), 25 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union about working conditions for media and to remind about concerns regarding the Gongadze case. Council Press Release 24/01 (5922/01, Presse 41), 5 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on Burundi. Council Press Release 046/01 (6745/01, Presse 86), 6 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the case of Mr. Felix Kulov. Council Press Release 21/01 (5697/01, Presse 36), 2 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the conclusions of the HDZ-led Croat National Congress of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 52/01 (6751/01, Presse 92), 6 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the election in Israel [on Palestinian-Israeli relationship]. Council Press Release 27 (5925/01, Presse 44), 7 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the establishment of Special Parallel Relations between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republika Srpska of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Council Press Release 48/01 (6747/01, Presse 88), 5 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the occasion of the definitive establishment of the Temporary Security Zone between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Council Press Release 80/01 (7899/01, Presse 154), 20 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the presidential degree on foreign aid and the by-election in Belarus. Council Press Release 64/01 (7361/01, Presse 119), 23 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the referendum on "Adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of South Ossertia." Council Press Release 82/01 (8075/01, Presse 157), 20 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the security situation at the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's border with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Council Press Release 57/01 (6924/01, Presse 101), 9 March 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation in Southern Serbia. Council Press Release 31/01 (6291/01, Presse 51), 15 February 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the situation of the media in the Russian Federation. Council Press Release 83/01 (8076/01, Presse 158), 20 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the third anniversary of the murder of Bishop Gerardi on 26 April 2001. Council Press Release 079/01 (7898/01, Presse 153), 25 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Declaration of the Presidency on behalf of the European Union on the visit of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Kosovo Hans Haekkerup to Belgrade. Council Press Release 73/01 (7836/01, Presse 144), 6 April 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Draft declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union, the Central and Eastern European countries associated with the European Union, the associated countries Cyprus, Malta and Turkey and the EFTA countries, members of the European Economic Area, concerning the extension and amendment of the Common Position on Burma/Myanmar. Council Press Release 176/01 (13780/01, Presse 411), 15 November 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the EU at the Consultative Group Meeting on Cambodia, 11-13 June 2001 in Tokyo. Council Press Release 114/01 (9752/01, Presse 230), 12 June 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union concerning the situation in Burundi. Council Press Release 125/01 (10603/01, Presse 276), 6 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Statement by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union following the swearing in of Mrs Megawati Soekarnoputri as the 5th President of the Republic of Indonesia. Council Press Release 131/01 (10933/1/01 REV 1, Presse 291), 25 July 2001. [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2001) Traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms. Council Press Release, 12994/01 (Presse 372-G). [EU Council of the EU Document]
UNSPECIFIED (2003) Authorisation of new GMO food products. Council Press Release 5433/03 (Presse 13), 28 January 2003. [EU Council of the EU Document]
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AFJN’s Projects in Focus
AFJN has many projects going on at any given time and please click below to see some of the projects that we are focusing on at this time.
African Bishops Urge the Church to Engage in the Transformation of Society
On February 16, 2013 the Symposium of the Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM) issued a pastoral letter titled “Governance, Common Good, and Democratic Transitions in Africa” calling on the Church to be fully involved in an “in-depth transformation of our society.”
Update on the Empower Africa Project
From the end of September to early October 2013, I was in Accra, Ghana for a series of meetings at the continental headquarters of the Catholic Bishops in Africa and with Archbishop Charles Palmer-Buckle of Accra. The meeting highlighted the importance of taking practical steps to empower African communities to harness their resources to build a bright future.
From the end of September to early October 2013, I was in Accra, Ghana for a series of meetings at the continental headquarters of the Catholic Bishops in Africa and with Archbishop Charles... READ MORE
Fate of Africa’s youngest state lies with U.S. and its allies
Barthelemy Bazemo The memories of the two-decade long civil war leading to the independence of South Sudan in July 2011 are still vivid and fresh in the minds of most South Sudanese and... READ MORE
Madiba Nelson Mandela: Africa’s Most Distinguished Elder Statesman
Africa’s greatest political icon, former South African President Madiba Nelson Mandela has joined the ranks of Africa’s ancestors. Madiba Mandela was by all accounts one who believed in the goodness of people and... READ MORE
AFJN Celebrates with the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation
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By AFJN Executive Director Aniedi Okure, OP On February 16, 2013 the Symposium of the Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM) issued a pastoral letter titled “Governance, Common Good, and Democratic Transitions... READ MORE
The Economic and Development Problem of Africa: A Problem of Governance
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The Mo Ibrahim Index for Good Governance in Africa released its annual report compiling the progress countries have made over the past year. The index has gained great popularity in the countries it... READ MORE
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Hosea 3:5
Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the Lord their God, and David their king; and shall fear the Lord and his goodness in the latter days.
Afterward shall the children of Israel return - Shall repent of their iniquities, and seek the Lord; lay aside their mock worship, and serve the true God in spirit and in truth.
And David their king - Or as the Targum, "They shall obey the Messiah, the Son of David their King;" and thus look believingly upon him whom they have pierced, and mourn. And then shall their long spiritual darkness and dismal captivity have an end; but not before. The Messiah, as David, is promised in Jeremiah 30:9; (note); Ezekiel 24:23; (note); Ezekiel 37:22-25; (note), and in this place of Hosea. Some think that the family of David is intended; but if we go to the rigour of the letter, the house of Israel was scarcely ever perfectly submissive to David. And we know that after the death of Solomon they never acknowledged the house of David till they were all carried away captive; and certainly never since. And to say that Zerubbabel is here meant, is not supportable, as the very short and imperfect obedience of the Jews to Zerubbabel can never comport with the high terms of this and similar prophecies. We are obliged, therefore, from the evidence of these prophecies, from the evidence of the above facts, from the evidence of the rabbins themselves, and from the evidence of the New Testament, to consider these texts as applying solely to Jesus Christ, the promised Messiah, who has been a light to lighten the Gentiles, and will yet be the glory of his people Israel. There is a strange propensity in some men to deny these evidences of Christianity, while they profess to believe its doctrines.
Afterward shall the children of Israel return - Elsewhere it is said more fully, “return to the Lord.” It expresses more than “turning” or even conversion to God. It is not conversion only, but reversion too, a turning “back from” the unbelief and sins, for which they had left God, and a return to Him whom they had forsaken.
And shall seek the Lord - This word, “seek,” expresses in Hebrew, from its intensive form, a diligent search; as used with regard to God, it signifies a religious search. It is not such seeking as our Lord speaks of, “Ye seek me, not because ye saw the miracles, but because ye did eat of the loaves and were filled” John 6:26, or, “many shall seek to enter in and shall not be able” Luke 13:24, but that earnest seeking, to which He has promised, “Seek and ye shall find.” Before, she had diligently sought her false gods. Now, in the end she shall as diligently seek God and His grace, as she had heretofore sought her idols and her sins.
And David their King - David himself, after the flesh, this could not be. For he had long since been gathered to his fathers; nor was he to return to this earth. “David” then must be “the Son of David,” the same, of whom God says, “I will set up One Shepherd over them, and He shall feed them, even My servant David, and He shall be their Shepherd, and I the Lord will be their God, and My servant David a Prince among them” Ezekiel 34:23-24. The same was to be a “witness, leader, commander to the people Isaiah 55:4; He who was to be “raised up to David Jeremiah 23:5-6, a righteous Branch,” and who was to “be called the Lord our Righteousness; David‘s Lord” Psalm 110:1, as well as “David‘s Son.” Whence the older Jews, of every school, Talmudic, mystical, Biblical, grammatical, explained this prophecy, of Christ. Thus their received paraphrase is: “Afterward the children of Israel shall repent, or turn by repentance, and shall seek the service of the Lord their God, and shall obey Messiah the Son of David, their King”.
And shall fear the Lord - Literally, “shall fear toward the Lord and toward His goodness.” It is not then a servile fear, not even, as elsewhere, a fear, which makes them shrink back from His awful Majesty. It is a fear, the most opposed to this; a fear, whereby “they shall flee to Him for help, from all that is to be feared;” a reverent holy awe, which should even impel them to Him; a fear of losing Him, which should make them hasten to Him.: “They shall fear, and wonder exceedingly, astonied at the greatness of God‘s dealing, or of their own joy.” Yet they should “hasten tremblingly,” as bearing in memory their past unfathfulness and ill deserts, and fearing to approach, but for the greater fear on turning away. Nor do they hasten with this reverent awe and awful joy to God only, but “to His Goodness also.” His Goodness draws them, and to it they betake themselves, away from all cause of fear, their sins, themselves, the Evil one. Yet even His Goodness is a source of awe. “His Goodness!” How much it contains. All whereby God is good in Himself, all whereby he is good to us. That whereby he is essentially good, or rather Goodness; that whereby He is good to us, as His creatures, its yet more as His sinfill, ungrateful, redeemed creatures, re-born to bear the Image of His Son. So then His Goodness overflows into beneficence, and condescension, and graciousness and mercy and forgiving love, and joy in imparting Himself, and complacence in the creatures which he has formed, and re-formed, redeemed and sanctified for His glory. Well may His creatures “tremble toward” it, with admiring wonder that all this can be made their‘s!
This was to take place “in the latter days.” These words, which are adopted in the New Testament, where Apostles say, “in the last days, in these last days” Acts 2:17; Hebrews 1:2, mean this, the last dispensation of God, in contrast with all which went before, the times of the Gospel. The prophecy has all along been fulfilled during this period to those, whether of the ten or of the two tribes, who have been converted to Christ, since God ended their temple-worship. It is fulfilled in every soul from among them, who now is “converted and lives.” There will be a more full fulfillment, of which Paul speaks, when the eyes of all Israel shall be opened to the deceivableness of the last antichrist; and Enoch and Elias, the two witnesses Revelation 11:3, shall have come to prepare our Lord‘s second Coming, and shall have keen slain, and, by God‘s converting grace, “all Israel shall be saved” Romans 11:26.
Here is the application of the parable to Israel. They must long sit like a widow, stripped of all joys and honours; but shall at length be received again. Those that would seek the Lord so as to find him, must apply to Christ, and become his willing people. Not only are we to fear the Lord and his greatness, but the Lord and his goodness; not only his majesty, but his mercy. Even Jewish writers apply this passage to the promised Messiah; doubtless it foretold their future conversion to Christ, for which they are kept a separate people. Though the first fear of God arise from a view of his holy majesty and righteous vengeance, yet the experience of mercy and grace through Jesus Christ, will lead the heart to reverence so kind and glorious a Friend and Father, and to fear offending him.
5. Israel return. A reference to Israel’s return from captivity (see on ch. 1:11).
David their king. The ten tribes had rebelled and had broken away from the house of David (1 Kings 12:16, 25-33). To them was made no promise of a return to their former status of national independence following the Captivity. In the restoration of Judah individual members of the tribes might share, and doubtless many did (see on Hosea 1:11). But those who returned would all be under one king (Eze. 37:16-28). The final fulfillment of Hosea’s prediction will come “at the close of earth’s history, when Christ shall appear” (PK 298).
Fear the Lord. See on Deut. 28:67.
The prophecies of judgment delivered by Amos and Hosea were accompanied by predictions of future glory. To the ten tribes, long rebellious and impenitent, was given no promise of complete restoration to their former power in Palestine. Until the end of time, they were to be “wanderers among the nations.” But through Hosea was given a prophecy that set before them the privilege of having a part in the final restoration that is to be made to the people of God at the close of earth's history, when Christ shall appear as King of kings and Lord of lords. “Many days,” the prophet declared, the ten tribes were to abide “without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim.” “Afterward,” the prophet continued, “shall the children of Israel return, and seek the Lord their God, and David their king; and shall fear the Lord and His goodness in the latter days.” Hosea 3:4, 5. PK 298.1
In symbolic language Hosea set before the ten tribes God's plan of restoring to every penitent soul who would unite with His church on earth, the blessings granted Israel in the days of their loyalty to Him in the Promised Land. Referring to Israel as one to whom He longed to show mercy, the Lord declared, “I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak comfortably unto her. And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope: and she shall sing there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt. And it shall be at that day, saith the Lord, that thou shalt call Me Ishi [“My husband,” margin]; and shalt call Me no more Baali [“My lord,” margin]. For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be remembered by their name.” Hosea 2:14-17. PK 298.2
In the last days of this earth's history, God's covenant with His commandment-keeping people is to be renewed. “In that day will I make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them to lie down safely. And I will betroth thee unto Me forever; yea, I will betroth thee unto Me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in loving-kindness, and in mercies. I will even betroth thee unto Me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the Lord. PK 299.1
Hosea 5:15
and David their king
Psalms 130:3
Ezekiel 38:8
Daniel 10:14
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Off and running
I just came back from a couple of weeks in Bangkok working with Brad, and there’s quite a lot on my plate. So for this inaugural blog post, I thought I would give you a status report.
Brad moved to Thailand last year, mostly so he could store the 150 hours or so of tape more securely than in Cambodia. As director, he’s going to focus almost exclusively on editing the movie. Meanwhile I’m going to split my time between helping him create the narrative and structure the story, and working on a budget, getting fiscal sponsorship, and most importantly, looking for funds. There are any number of grants out there, and there’s also the possibility of selling distribution or broadcast rights in advance. That’s a common way of funding documentaries.
So where are we in the process? Well, by the time I signed on to this project just over a month ago, Brad had already shot that 150 hours of video, which should be just about enough to cover us (though it’s not unlikely we’ll find we need some more bits and pieces), and made the initial preview of the movie [now replaced by the trailer]. That doesn't do several years of hard work any kind of justice, of course.
What we have to do now, on the creative side, is set up the narrative structure of the story, and that’s a complicated task. To what extent to stay chronological, where to bring in the larger themes, and how to find the dramatic heart of the movie.
How long will it take before we have a finished film? Hard to say, but I’ll be happy if it’s less than a year. The pressure is on though. We don’t want to spend the rest of our lives on this. We don’t want Born Samnang and Sok Sam Oeun to spend the next 17 years in prison, either, but if this film can help free them, it has to be good.
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AusTech
Business and Technology Articles Contributed by UWA Students
Australia’s New Facial Recognition Laws – What they mean for you
November 13, 2018 / Austech / 0 Comments
A Justice Ministry report dating back to 2015, announced the plans by the Australian Government to implement a facial recognition technology. In their report, the government had allocated $18.5 to fund the project which was given an odd name – “the Capability.” The project which was kick-started in September 2015, was anticipated to cross-check millions of faces at a time. The system would use random faces and reference them to up to four registered user images of residents, including photos from driving licenses, passports, national IDs as well as shots from CCTV footage. However, it was shocking that no one was alarmed by the project plans – making the project unveil smoothly.
Developments of the Facial Recognition system advanced in February this year when Peter Dutton, the then newly elected Minister for Home Affairs introduced two Bills to the House of Representatives. The first Bill was to allow for the creation of a Facial recognition system. The other Bill was to enable the Department of Home Affairs to run the program – to help communicate between various intelligence agencies.
Moreover, according to ABC, facial recognition technology is already in use at a Crown Casino located in Melbourne. The system works by identifying important guests (VIP) and banned guests as well. Besides, the South Australian Police is also already using the face-recognition system to look for missing persons.
What this means for you – Privacy concerns
It is, without doubt, a matter of privacy concern – filing faces of each resident is alarming. And as for the privacy counsellors, they will argue that these radical moves are stripping away. Citing testimonies from private groups, John Lawrence contends that the move is utterly inappropriate and a betrayal of fundamental civil liberty of all Australian residents. John also says. “If implemented, it will ensure that the presumption of innocence no longer has any effective meaning in this country. Such an untargeted, mass surveillance database is just the latest attempt by governments to categorise everyone as potential suspects, not citizens.”
According to Singleton Norton, chair of Digital Rights Watch, he argues that the move for facial recognition will require citizens to trust the government to protect user data. In addition, Stephen Banks claimed that people still don’t know the implication so of facial recognition in their lives. He adds his fears that the new era will change the people’s behavior. Moreover, he voices his worries that by the time Australian residents realise what has happened to them, it will already be too late.
Possible data breaches?
In the past, we’ve cited several inter-agency data breaches, including the Australian Federal Police in 2017, the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2016, as we as the Department of Immigration and Border Protection in 2016 too. All this data breaches happened in the post facial recognition period, implying that the government should have upgraded its security systems by then.
It is shocking at how the government official choose to fight back with worrying statements. For instance, Turnbull when questioned about the possible data breaches on the new face recognition systems, he argues that there is already “enormous amount” of personal data leaked already. According to him, more personal data has already been leaked in the past, than it will in the future – a classic showdown at how much the government cares about your data. “The vast bulk of it is actually in the private sector and most of it, if you think about the amount of personal data, photographs and so forth, that are held on Facebook accounts, I think around three-quarters of Australians have Facebook accounts, so there is a lot of data out there,” Turnbull says.
What are Fake IDs – its effects on facial recognition
Fake IDs always tend to use a fake identity of another person, or details belonging to a different person. In addition, a fake ID can be used to hide the known physical appearance of an individual, by altering their looks and changing their names and addresses.
The practice of using fake IDs has always existed over the years, and no government agency has been able to curb the practice. According to a study, there is a 14% error chance of systems scanning for IDs in a public station, to report a fake ID in use. Meaning, to date we still don’t have an ideal system for eradicating the use of fake IDs in Australia. And until the Australian authorities decide to take action against sites that openly sell fake IDs, then facial recognition system will not be a long term solution.
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Board index » General Interest » Science & Logic
Egypt finds remains of 3,700-year-old pyramid
Moderators: Charon, Comrade Tortoise
Post subject: Egypt finds remains of 3,700-year-old pyramid
The remains of a pyramid built some 3,700 years ago have been discovered in Egypt, the antiquities ministry says.
An interior corridor and a block engraved with 10 hieroglyphic lines were among the finds at the Dahshur royal necropolis, south of Cairo.
The ministry said they were in very good condition and that excavation work was continuing to try to reveal more and establish the size of the pyramid.
It is believed to have been built during the 13th pharaonic dynasty.
Dahshur is where King Sneferu of the 4th Dynasty built ancient Egypt's first true smooth-sided pyramid, the 104m-high (341ft) Red Pyramid, about 4,600 years ago.
He also constructed an earlier version, the 105m-high Bent Pyramid, whose slopes change angle from 54 degrees to 43 degrees about halfway up.
Sneferu was succeeded by his son Khufu, the renowned builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza, which is 138m high and was a wonder of the ancient world.
Post subject: Re: Egypt finds remains of 3,700-year-old pyramid
I wonder if it's only remains because it was raided for building material?
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Trump’s Justice Department lawyers may soon pay a high price for lying to the courts
JLR workers treated for ‘fumes inhalation’ in Solihull
Jeffrey Epstein could finally face justice for his years of sex trafficking underaged girls
Billionaire and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein was arrested Saturday and could finally face federal charges for years of recruiting underage girls in a sort of sex abuse pyramid scheme.
Because of his money and influence, Epstein had eluded federal prosecution, spending only a year in a county jail, with no opportunity for his dozens of victims to pursue justice. That might be about to change — and it may have implications for the Trump administration.
The new indictment reportedly will be unsealed Monday in a federal court in Manhattan, where Epstein will be charged with one count of sex trafficking of minors and one count of conspiracy to engage in sex trafficking of minors, for which the 66-year-old could face a maximum of 45 years in prison.
As the Miami Herald reported in a massive exposé last year, Epstein recruited girls age 13-16, offering to pay them for massages, but he would instead sexually abuse them. He would only offer to let them keep the money without having sex if they went out and recruited other girls. He would also shuttle the girls on his private jet between his homes in Palm Beach, New York City, New Mexico, and the Virgin Islands.
When Epstein first faced charges for these crimes a decade ago, his lawyers engineered a “non-prosecution agreement” that not only spared him federal prison, but also concealed the extent of his crimes and offered immunity to “any potential co-conspirators.”
The plea deal also notably included an arrangement not to inform the victims about it — in violation of federal law. This denied them the opportunity of objecting to the deal and pursuing justice for themselves. Epstein served only 13 months in a county jail on two minor state charges of solicitation of prostitution and procurement of minors for prostitution.
The prosecutor who agreed to such generous and illegal terms was Alex Acosta, who now serves as President Donald Trump’s secretary of labor. Among the lawyers who defended Epstein was stalwart Trump defender Alan Dershowitz, who has also been accused of having sex with one of the underage girls in Epstein’s ring.
Back in February, a federal judge ruled that the agreement Acosta had brokered had violated the Crime Victims’ Rights Act. A group of Democratic lawmakers responded to the ruling by calling for Acosta to resign, though he has not. Epstein’s victims began a new effort to seek justice in the wake of that ruling, but just two weeks ago, the Justice Department rejected efforts to toss out the illegal plea deal.
The new charges in New York, however, could be an opportunity to properly prosecute Epstein for his crimes. Additionally, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled last week that the court records from Epstein’s previous indictment could all be unsealed, meaning ample light might finally shine not only on Epstein, but on the network of staffers who assisted him in organizing his sex trafficking ring, as well as possibly others who made use of it.
Among Epstein’s friends was Trump himself. In a 2002 interview, Trump praised Epstein as a “terrific guy” who’s “a lot of fun to be with.” He added, “It is even said that he likes beautiful women as much as I do, and many of them are on the younger side. No doubt about it: Jeffrey enjoys his social life.” Trump was recently accused of sexual assault by writer E. Jean Carroll, which is at least the 16th of such accusations.
A source familiar with the charges told the Miami Herald that Epstein’s fate could be determined entirely based on whether he’s granted bail Monday. “That bail hearing will be critical because if they grant him bail, he has enough money that he will disappear and they will never get him,’’ the source said.
Article by [author-name] (c) ThinkProgress - Read full story here.
Trump resurfaces degrading rumor about Ilhan Omar amid racism controversy
I regret to inform you that Trump’s lawyers are right about a crucial civil rights case
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Cape Cod Children's Museum Merges with Cape Cod Child Development
Merger sets stage for bright future at Children's Museum...
ARTICLE | Business | October 23, 2017 02:50 PM | By CapeCodToday Staff
Mashpee, MA, October 23 2017 – The Cape Cod Children’s Museum is delighted to announce its merger with Cape Cod Child Development Program the leading provider of early childhood education in the region.
“The Museum has been growing steadily over the years, and we had reached a stage where in order to meet the administrative requirements of a larger organization, we either had to add staff and overhead expenses, or find a partner who could provide those services for us while we grow,” said Jason Mead, President of the Children’s Museum board.
“Cape Cod Child Development Program was a natural fit for us, so I approached CEO Anne Colwell about exploring a merger,” Mead continued. “As a member of the Museum board, Anne recused herself from the process, and both organizations entered into a long period of due diligence to ensure the merger would be beneficial to both organizations, and most importantly, enable us to better serve our community.”
In September, the board of Cape Cod Child Development Program voted to accept the merger agreement that arose out of the due diligence period. The Museum will continue operations at its current location on Great Neck Road in Mashpee, including hosting its widely popular community events like the annual princess tea in September, its “Noon Year Eve” museum day, and its bowl-a-thon in February.
“This merger is about preparing the Museum for future growth and outreach, rather than making any immediate changes,” said Anne Colwell, CEO of Cape Cod Child Development. “In the upcoming years, we plan to expand outreach so that more families on the Cape can enjoy the Museum, including the neediest families on Cape Cod that our organization already serves.”
Cape Cod Child Development will maintain separate financial accounting for Children’s Museum programs and expenses, so that existing Museum donors can be assured their donations continue to directly support the Museum, while at the same time, the Museum will enjoy an operational efficiency and savings by utilizing CCCDP finance and administrative staff and systems.
“Of course we have ideas for new joint initiatives between CCCDP and the Museum,” Colwell added. “However, our first priority will always be ensuring the Children’s Museum is well-situated for a long future providing a joyful, educational play space for the children and families of Cape Cod.”
About Cape Cod Children’s Museum - The mission of the Cape Cod Children's Museum is to encourage hands-on experiences that spark curiosity, creativity and imagination, engaging children and families in playful learning. As the only children's educational resource of its kind in the Cape Cod area, the museum hosts over 50,000 annual visitors. To learn more about programs, events and exhibits, visit CapeCodChildrensMusem.org or connect with the museum on Facebook and Instagram.
About Cape Cod Child Development Program - For more than 47 years, the non-profit organization Cape Cod Child Development has provided exceptional care for the children and families of Cape Cod and the Islands. For additional information on Cape Cod Child Development, please visit www.cccdp.org or follow us on Facebook and Instagram.
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IZOD IndyCar Series: Iowa Corn Indy 250
Topics: Iowa Corn Indy 250
THE MODERATOR: Gentlemen, thank you very much for taking the time. Ladies and gentlemen, Tony Kanaan has joined us as the winner of the Iowa Corn Indy 250, presented by Pioneer.
Tony, I said you had to get better and you proved me right there. This is Tony's first win since Richmond of 2008, which was the other short track under a mile. He just hasn't had very good luck here at Iowa Speedway. He's always fast and something happens, usually caught up in turn 2 somewhere. Today it was nearly flawless. Tony drives for Andretti Autosport, 7-11 Slurpee. This is the second win for Andretti Autosport this year, Ryan Hunter-Reay won in Long Beach earlier this year.
This is Tony's 14th Izod IndyCar win, which is impressive. The first question is the obvious one: The length of the streak of not entering victory lane, how good does it feel to drive that car through the crowds and into Pizza Ranch victory lane?
TONY KANAAN: The pizza tasted really good.
THE MODERATOR: Just like the milk, right?
TONY KANAAN: Well, let's not go there. I mean, it feels awesome. I think a win is always a win. A win on Father's Day, my son hadn't seen me win a race yet. He wasn't here, but I'm pretty sure he was watching on TV back in Brazil. He's 2 years and 8 months, so he hadn't seen me win a race yet, so I'm happy and obviously it feels good to be in victory circle for sure.
THE MODERATOR: You were competitive from the get-go, started deeper in the field than you would have liked but you were able to move up effectively, obviously using some of those push-to-passes, and when you got into the battle with Dario, it was the battle of all time; it had the fans on their feet.
TONY KANAAN: We had a good car. I made a mistake in qualifying, shot myself in the foot because if you guys look at the two first sessions in the morning yesterday, we were pretty strong. Last night -- I got to thank my two teammates, Ryan and Marco -- they came to the truck and they gave me a talk, which I usually do that to them, which I was impressed by that.
They said, man, come on we have a good car, and we thought about doing the set-up together, and we did. Marco was more aggressive and it didn't work for him, but Ryan was right there and, you know, when you win from 15th, and you pass every single car on the racetrack, it's definitely a winning car. I knew I had one, and the boys did a great job in the pit stop, and the battle with Dario was awesome, I was smiling the whole time, I'm not kidding; we were having fun. It was -- at that point I'm sure he was laughing, too, we were just like, enjoying the moment, and I hope the fans enjoyed it, and with Helio, too.
He brought me back so many memories. It's been 25 years that we've been racing against each other. You know, it was pretty good. I was trying not to hit him because we got to fly back home together. It was going to be an awkward flight if I did.
THE MODERATOR: Two guys having a race on a Sunday afternoon in Iowa. They got a charge out of watching you guys race and it was fun for everybody, obviously, including the two of you.
TONY KANAAN: For sure. And I want to thank the fans, the Iowa Corn Growers as well for putting this event together. I said we need more short ovals, because this is the way to race and you guys saw it and we proved that. I was excited about the race not because we won, but even seeing the guys in the front when I wasn't in the front racing that hard, and I think the fans enjoyed it, and I think they're going to keep coming back if we keep racing like this.
Q. You're 45 out of the lead. Talk about how this victory can catapult you on a championship drive.
TONY KANAAN: We got to keep doing it. I mean, you know, it's a long way to go, but when I said all along this year that we were better than last year, a lot of people twisted their noses and didn't believe it, but we are. We got to keep working on it and we have now a few road and street courses coming up, which we were really strong in, and we're there.
I think we got to keep digging, and we still not up there yet, we're still not at the place that I want us to be as far as a team, but all we can do, get our heads together and keep working on it.
Q. Tony, given yesterday and how difficult qualifying was and talking to those guys, what was it like in between? You're getting ready to go to bed knowing what had happened here before and to come out and have this kind of a perfect day, I wonder what went through your mind?
TONY KANAAN: You should ask my girlfriend how bad of a mood I was in last night! (Chuckles.) It was a tough day yesterday. I think with my experience and the things that I've been through, my career and my racing career and my personal life, I kind of -- every time something happens that I have to overcome I think I'm better at it. Probably better managing the damage than actually managing a good situation. I went to bed in a really bad mood, right, babe? And I woke up okay.
I was quiet and concentrated and once I jump in the car, I had to concentrate to make the right changes for the race and be smart not to get caught in any accidents and not to crash in turn 2 like I did the last three years, and once I put my helmet on I said I got to move to the front and do the best I can.
Q. Tony, were you surprised at all how racy the track was today? It ran like a super speedway; you guys seemed to be able to run practically anywhere on the track, and with all the talk about the bump outside of turn 1, it seems like you guys were doing it with impunity.
TONY KANAAN: I wasn't surprised. I got a good idea after the first two sessions yesterday how the race was going to go. The bump? It's a bump, guys, it's always going to be there and it's something that -- it belongs to the track; I wouldn't change that.
It adds to the race, like we have the push-to-pass, Iowa has the bump (Chuckles.) And we'll leave the bump there, you know? And I think in a smooth oval like this with the banking the way it is, it's something that adds to the race because either you avoid it or you got to work through it. The bump itself -- I should be mad because I hit that bump and crashed three years in a row because of that, but I think it's something that needs to be there. If it doesn't get any worse, it should be there.
Q. Tony, is there something poetic -- you stop and think you have had worse luck here than any driver of the series and now you win today by 4 seconds. Have you stopped to think about all that?
TONY KANAAN: I had three years to think about why I didn't finish, and you know when I came here people kept reminding me of that, that I led every time, a lot of laps and never won. I remember the first year I led, crashed, by the time I got on my plane and got home I watched Dario win the race from home, so that was not good. I don't let those things affect me.
After you race for so many years, every track has some history and somebody is going to bring something up that happened to you. I go to Indy every year, and it's the same thing, I been there, led many times and never won, always in a position, and this was the same thing. I just think that those are just facts. Those are just things that we can go look at the facts and we can change that. Like I said, I never finish, and when I finish, I finish first, so now we have a different story.
THE MODERATOR: I guess the old saying in order to finish first, you first have to finish is true.
TONY KANAAN: Exactly.
Q. Tony, you talked about when you were here earlier that you were going to get a World Cup update, and --
TONY KANAAN: I didn't have time to ask but my assistant, Kiko said Brazil won earlier, 3-0, and I wasn't thinking about that, I didn't have time this time. I think the Brazilians, we don't need a lot of reasons -- we need a small reason to party, now we have plenty of reason; we had two on the podium, we won the game, must be a holiday at home tomorrow for sure.
Q. How about the first pit stop. Looked like it got crowded down there, kind of looked like your dirt race at Eldora a couple of weeks ago.
TONY KANAAN: Actually I'm thinking I might want to race in the dirt next week because it brought me a lot of luck! It got crazy, and on a tight track like this and such a difficult race with a lot of passing, but it's hard to follow the car.
Everybody try to make it on the stop, and when you have all the stops in the yellow flag and everybody comes in together, it's always going to be drama. Me and Helio almost touched, Ryan, my teammate, took my front tire with him and my crew chief was looking around, and I'm sitting in the pits with three tires and the other was gone, and those things happen in the race.
That is the characteristic of the short ovals. The pits are narrow and with the competition the way it is nowadays, everybody trying to gain everything they can everywhere.
THE MODERATOR: Tony, thank you very much.
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Feed Your Brain With These Fascinating Facts
March 9, 2017 | 1 Comment » | Topics: Interesting
Judy, a purebred English pointer who would often jump in to protect prisoners from beatings in a POW camp during WW2. A British Naval pilot bargained to have her officially considered a POW so the guards could not kill her. (article)
Eventually, they made it home to England together, where they were met with fanfare and fame. Judy was awarded the United Kingdom’s Dickin Medal, which honors the wartime service of animals. In February 1950, she contracted cancer and died at age 13. Williams buried her in a specially made RAF coat. Williams said that every day in the prison camp he thanked God for Judy because she gave him a reason to keep living. “All I had to do was look at her and into those weary, bloodshot eyes,” he said, “and I would ask myself: ‘What would happen to her if I died?”’
Anybody can walk into a Sikh temple after prayers and partake of the free communal meal called langar. The meal, a symbol of equality and community is given to anybody who wishes to partake, without any expectation of payment.
One of the most obvious signs of caste inequality in traditional Indian society is the taboo against eating with those outside one’s caste group, of a lower caste, or of a different religion. Rules for the sharing of food and water are many, especially among high caste Hindus. From the beginning, the Sikh Gurus explicitly rejected this inequality by asking that all Sikhs and all visitors to the Sikh gurdwaras partake of common food in the company of one another. In the langar hall, women and men, rich and poor, high and low sit together. The langar meal thus assails the inner core of inequality and symbolizes a Sikh’s personal rejection of prejudice.
The Safe Drinking Water Act is so out of date that the water Americans drink can pose what scientists say are serious health risks — and still be legal. Only 91 contaminants are regulated by the Act, yet more than 60,000 chemicals are used within the United States, according to EPA estimates. (article)
Ossip Bernstein, a famous chess grandmaster, who was sentenced to death by the Bolsheviks in 1918. While he was facing the firing squad, a russian officer that heard his name offered him the chance to prove his identity in a game of chess. He beat the officer and was released
Bernstein was a successful businessman. He earned considerable wealth before losing it in the Bolshevik Revolution, earned a second fortune that was lost in the Great Depression, and a third that was lost when France was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1940. Bernstein was exiled in Paris, only to be driven to Spain by the Nazis, because of his Jewish origin.
After sweeping the 2004 Oscars, Peter Jackson & Elijah Wood skipped all official celebrations in favour of attending a LOTR fan party (article)
“I just want to have fun with all the fans here who have been so supportive, we love our fans and they are one of the reasons why we’ve tried to make these films so good.”
The Return of the King’s haul of 11 statuettes equalled the totals won by Ben Hur in 1960 and Titanic in 1998. But those two films did not win every award for which they were nominated
The US military sends its doctors to Chicago to give them practice for gunshot wounds (article)
Parking in San Francisco is so scarce that the parking spot attached to your property can add up to 100K to the property’s value (article)
A scientist at the University of Florida, USA, grew a “living ‘brain'” — “a network of 25,000 rat brain cells” — that when “connected to an array of 60 electrodes that can interact with a computer” learned to fly a simulated F-22 stealth fighter jet in a range of weather conditions (article)
Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, and Steve Wozniak have all signed an open letter for a ban on Artificially Intelligent weapons. (article)
80% of males born in the Soviet Union in 1923 did not survive World War II
In case you still can’t grasp just how much devastating it was, here’s an animated info-graphic
The family of Ron Goldman (the guy OJ was acquitted of murdering) was awarded the rights to his infamous book “If I Did It” as a result of the civil trial, renamed it “Confessions of a Killer”, then published it.
They also hid the “if” in the “I” in a tiny font to make the title look like it says “I Did It”
Estonia produces the most models per capita. 73.8 per million people (article)
There was a koi named Hanako that lived to be 226 years old. She was born in 1751 and was passed down the generations of one family until her death in 1977. (article)
Pablo Escobar’s personal hitman, John J. Velásquez, responsible for 3500 murders, was released from jail in 2014 and is now a YouTube personality with 250,000 subscribers
How does someone responsible for 3500 murders gets released from jail?
He confessed the murder of 3500, but “was only convicted over one murder – the 1989 assassination of presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galán”
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Christian Coalition
Contact Elected Officials
Church Liaisons
Pastor's Council
Lautenberg: Pro-Life People “Don’t Deserve Freedoms in Constitution”
New Jersey Sen. Frank Lautenberg is coming under fire from pro-life advocates for comments he made at a recent rally Planned Parenthood staged to save taxpayer funding for its abortion business.
Lautenberg appeared with about 100 supporters who wore pink shirts and stood in front of a pink-colored bus Planned Parenthood has been driving around the country in order to build up support for receiving tens of millions in taxpayer dollars to support what is the biggest abortion business in the country.
“Planned Parenthood is under attack by Tea Party Republicans who have put their extremist ideology above women’s health,” Lautenberg said while pro-life advocates who counterprotested shouted, “Shame on you, Lautenberg”...
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/25/lautenberg-pro-life-people-dont-des...
Frank Lautenberg
Congressman: Include Planned Parenthood Funding Ban in Next CR
The leading pro-life member of the House says Republicans should include an amendment revoking funding for the Planned Parenthood abortion business in the next continuing resolution, whether it covers the short or long-term.
After Senate Democrats defeated the House-approved long-term continuing resolution that de-funded Planned Parenthood and contained pro-life riders to stop funding abortion or pro-abortion organizations in other instances, House Republicans approved a short-term CR that did not contain those provisions so they can begin negotiations on a second long-term measure.
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/22/congressman-include-planned-parenth...
Democrats Vow to Oppose Any Bill De-Funding Planned Parenthood
As the Senate works to pass a House-approved short-term bill funding the federal government and debate begins on a long-term measure, a group of Senate Democrats have promised to not support anything de-funding Planned Parenthood.
Yesterday, the House approved the latest short-term continuing resolution on a 271-158 vote margin that does not de-fund Planned Parenthood. The Senate is expected to approve the bill and the battle over Planned Parenthood funding remains.
Some 54 Republicans voted against the measure because they wanted to see the Pence Amendment de-funding Planned Parenthood and the pro-life riders that stop abortion funding in various instances included in the measure. However, Senate Democrats have balked at those pro-life provisions and Republicans hoped to avoid being blamed for a government shutdown by insisting they be included in the short-term bill...
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/16/democrats-vow-to-oppose-any-bill-de...
Federal funding of abortion continues
The federal government has been funded for another three weeks, but minus the Pence Amendment -- meaning funding for Planned Parenthood continues.
On Tuesday the House passed a Continuing Resolution (CR), which is the sixth temporary funding bill so far without agreement on a measure for the rest of the federal budget year. The CR, which now goes to the Senate, passed 271-158 (see roll call vote). It includes federal tax dollars for abortions in the nation's capitol and funds non-abortion services for Planned Parenthood...
http://onenewsnow.com/Politics/Default.aspx?id=1312894
Pro-Life Group Demands Pro-Life Provisions in Next Budget Bill
With the Senate having defeated both a pro-life budget bill the House passed and a Senate version not containing provisions to de-fund Planned Parenthood and stop some taxpayer funding of abortions, lawmakers move to the next step.
That step will likely come in the form of a temporary Continuing Resolution that would fund the federal government at current levels rather than make more demonstrative changes like the long-term CR that would have funded the federal government through September.
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/10/pro-life-group-demands-pro-life-pro...
Mexico City Policy
Senate Rejects House Bill De-Funding Planned Parenthood
The Senate rejected, on a 44-56 vote, the House-approved long-term budget bill that contains the Pence Amendment de-funding the Planned Parenthood abortion business. Lawmakers needed 60 votes to pass the bill under the rules of the Senate and did not come close to the number needed to do so.
The senate voted on H.R. 1, the long-term Continuing Resolution the House approved in February that contains the Pence Amendment and pro-life riders that reinstates the Mexico City Policy, stops abortion funding in the District of Columbia, and de-funds the pro-abortion UNFPA, which works hand-in-hand with Chinese population control officials who use forced abortions to enforce the one-child policy...
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/09/senate-rejects-house-bill-de-fundin...
Planned Parenthood Reports Record Abortion Rate – Up By More Than 8,000 in One Year
(CNSNews.com) – Planned Parenthood Federation of America’s Web site shows that it performed 332,278 abortions in 2009, up 8,270 from 2008. According to a fact sheet published in February 2011, Planned Parenthood clinics in 2009 performed 332,278 abortions – up from 324,008 in 2008, or a 2.5 percent increase.
Planned Parenthood also distributed more than 1.5 million emergency contraception kits, which contain hormones that can prevent a fertilized egg from implanting in a women’s uterus.
Planned Parenthood received $349.6 million in tax dollars in the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2008, according to its annual report...
http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/planned-parenthood-reports-record-...
Obama Would Veto Spending Bill De-Funding Planned Parenthood
President Barack Obama would veto the House-approved long-term spending bill for the federal government that contains the Pence Amendment, a measure that would de-fund the Planned Parenthood abortion business.
Because of that provision and other pro-life riders that stop abortion funding globally and in the District of Columbia, the Washington Times indicates “Obama has issued a veto threat on that bill, saying House Republicans’ cuts are unacceptable.”
“Senate Democrats said the non-spending provisions of the bill — such as restrictions on Planned Parenthood and on Obama administration rules and regulations — will also have to be struck,” the Times continues...
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/04/obama-would-veto-spending-bill-de-f...
Pence Amendment
Planned Parenthood Assaults Senate to Keep Massive Funding
The Planned Parenthood abortion business has launched an all-out assault on the U.S. Senate to lobby senators to oppose any attempt to add an amendment to any government funding bill that would yank its taxpayer funding.
The House has already approved the Pence Amendment and pro-life groups are putting pressure on senators to follow suit by adding a similar amendment to the long-term continuing resolution that would fund the federal government to the latter part of the year.
In a new email sent to its members and supporters, Planned Parenthood CEO Cecile Richards claims that, since the February 18 vote in the House for the Pence Amendment, “more than 700,000 women and men have signed an open letter to stand with Planned Parenthood” that has gone to members of the Senate...
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/03/03/planned-parenthood-assaults-senate-...
Boehner Maps Planned Parenthood De-Funding Strategy, Pro-Lifers Worried
In a new interview, Speaker John Boehner talked about the upcoming strategy behind the next steps in the battle to de-fund Planned Parenthood and he urged pro-life advocates to be patient.
The House of Representatives approved an amendment Congressman Mike Pence offered to the continuing resolution bill to keep the federal government running. The amendment ensures the Planned Parenthood abortion business and its affiliates are not eligible for any federal taxpayer dollars across any federal programs or departments.
Although the House voted on a strong margin to de-fund Planned Parenthood, the next steps are more tenuous. The battle to yank federal funding is complicated by the fact that Senate Leader Harry Reid and his pro-abortion Democratic colleagues control the Senate agenda and pro-abortion President Barack Obama occupies the White House.
http://www.lifenews.com/2011/02/28/boehner-maps-planned-parenthood-de-...
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Cider Yeast For Cider Fermentation
Cider or cyder is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from apple juice. Cider varies in alcohol content from 2% ABV to 8.5% or more in traditional English ciders. In some regions, such as Germany and America, cider may be called “apple wine”.
In current usage of the term in the United States and Canada, “hard cider” usually refers to the alcoholic beverage discussed in this article, while “cider” usually refers to non-alcoholic apple juice. When sugar or extra fruit has been added and a secondary fermentation increases the alcoholic strength, a cider is classified as “apple wine” in the United States.
Cider may be made from any variety of apple, but certain cultivars grown solely for use in cider are known as cider apples.[4] Cider is popular in the United Kingdom, especially in South West England and East Anglia. The United Kingdom has the highest per capita consumption of cider, as well as the largest cider-producing companies in the world, including H. P. Bulmer, the largest. As of 2006, the UK produces 600 million litres of cider each year (130 million imperial gallons).
The beverage is also popular and traditional in Ireland; in Brittany (chistr) and Normandy (cidre) in France; in the Basque Country (sagardo), in the Principality of Asturias (sidra) and Galicia (sidra) in Spain; and in Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen (Frankfurt am Main) and other regions of Germany (Most, Viez or Apfelwein). Argentina is also a cider-producing and drinking country, especially the provinces of Río Negro and Mendoza. Australia also produces cider, particularly on the island of Tasmania, which has a strong apple-growing tradition.
Pear cider is used as an alternative name for perry by some producers.
The way to home brew cider from apples
Powered by cideryeast.com
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Changing Development
Exploring how multilateral financial institutions are reshaping the investment and geopolitical landscapes
Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative Will Increase
May 28, 2017 October 20, 2017 ~ changingdevelopment
On May 14-15, China convened the first summit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – formerly known as One Belt, One Road. With this major diplomatic event, President Xi Jinping aimed to both showcase and buttress international support for his central foreign policy initiative, the success of which will hinge on the participation of other countries, regional organizations, and international financial institutions. Their contribution – or lack thereof – will affect the nature of BRI and determine the impact of the Chinese initiative on Asia’s infrastructure connectivity, economic system, and geopolitical order.
BRI will remain a Chinese object, tied to China’s evolving economic and geopolitical ambitions. China will continue to provide the undisputed leadership and the bulk of the financing. But Xi Jinping will seek more followers, if not partners, to implement the initiative on which much of his domestic power depends. China will leverage their resources in projects, sectors, and regions where their positive-sum involvement will help China achieve its long-term goals under the BRI. In turn, China may make concessions on some contested issues, such as project standards and public debt sustainability.
The cooperation between China and multilateral development banks may increase the number of BRI infrastructure projects with competitive procurement;
Plans for BRI’s corridors may be altered to accommodate competing visions for Asia’s connectivity, such as Russia’s;
BRI’s geographic boundaries may be expanded to include Latin America and the rest of Africa;
At its Annual Meetings in June, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank may more formally align its mandate with BRI’s.
The first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was attended by 110 delegations, 29 national leaders, and the heads of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. Their presence demonstrated the international support for President Xi Jinping’s main foreign policy initiative.
China capitalized on this support to anchor the BRI in an embryonic set of dedicated structures. At the summit, Xi Jinping announced the establishment of an advisory council and of a liaison office for the summit’s follow-up activities, along with new cooperative mechanisms such as the Facilitating Center for Building the Belt and Road.
Since the launch of the initiative in 2013, China has used BRI as a narrative to guide and justify various domestic and foreign activities. Similarly, Chinese provinces and countries along the Belt and Road have used the BRI brand to obtain the backing of the Chinese government for various infrastructure projects.
The new institutions presumably represent a first step from the idea to the reality of BRI as a transformative initiative. They have the potential to empower it with the capacity to be additional – ie. to enable activities that would not have otherwise taken place.
The nascent framework will remain under the authority of China, which is also due to host the next BRI summit in 2019.
Overall, the summit reiterated the China-centric model of BRI, which remains a physical and relationship network with China as its sole node. For instance, bilateral agreements represented most of the 76 items in the list of deliverables prepared by the Chinese delegation. Similarly, only China committed new financial resources for BRI, the bulk of which is to be delivered via bilateral channels.
RMB 100 billion ($14.5 billion) for the Silk Road Fund, the $40bn China-owned investment fund established in 2014;
RMB 250 billion ($36.2 billion) for China Development Bank, for the creation of multi-currency lending schemes for infrastructures and industries and multi-currency credit lines for foreign financial institutions;
RMB 130 billion ($18.8 billion) for China Export-Import Bank.
In a bilateral setting China can leverage its full weight to achieve its economic and strategic goals under the BRI. In particular, tied bilateral financing allows China to maintain control over project preparation and implementation, thereby favouring Chinese companies or undertaking projects, such as dual-use ones, that do not provide sufficient commercial returns.
However, a China-centric model is not sustainable if BRI is to be successful, as China does not have the capacity to implement it alone. First, Chinese resources are significant but limited. For instance, foreign exchange reserves have dropped to $3 trillion, from a peak of about $4 trillion in 2013. Second, the risks involved in the construction and operation of infrastructure projects in unstable regions are considerable. Facing possible sovereign defaults in other high-risk countries, China will want to limit its exposure. These challenges explain, in part, why according to a recent study by the American Enterprise Institute, China’s combined investments in all BRI countries since 2014 is smaller and growing more slowly than Chinese investments in the United States alone over the same period.
China is therefore facing a dilemma: maintain the current model, at the risk of the failure of the initiative; or, in a process similar to the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, multilateralize BRI to leverage the resources of partners at the expense of China’s control.
China’s declarations at the BRI summit reflect this balancing act.
The recent name change to BRI epitomized China’s recent efforts to shift BRI’s narrative from that of a Chinese policy to a more inclusive Chinese-led international initiative.
China used the summit to push for an internationalization of BRI. Xi Jinping reiterated his proposition that the cooperation and coordination take place within the framework of existing regional organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
The summit also marked an effort to enrol new partners, from non-BRI countries to the private sector, to implement the initiative. The joint communique mentioned the importance of non-discriminatory procurement procedures and that of private participation in infrastructures.
Furthermore, China signed a memorandum of understanding with six traditional and non-traditional multilateral development banks. They pledged to collaborate on matters of common interest under the BRI, including via a new forum for financial cooperation. In parallel, the World Bank is establishing the Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance, a platform mandated by the G20 under Chinese presidency, whose mission will include mapping the BRI and sharing information on associated bankable projects.
China and the IMF will also set up a joint capacity development centre focused on the BRI countries. The involvement of international financial institutions will help improve the policy and regulatory environment and provide additional financing, thereby facilitating the implementation of BRI.
China’s effort to internationalize BRI is not open-ended, nor is it necessarily a step toward multilateralism.
New aspirations
China has also used the summit to expand the geographic and thematic realms of BRI. In the process, the BRI might grow to supersede, instead of merely complementing, existing mechanisms.
The summit further blurred the geographic boundaries of BRI. It opened the possibility of expanding BRI to the rest of Africa and to Latin America.
The summit also demonstrated the continued effort by China and bilateral partners to expand the use of the renminbi for trade settlements and for other cross-border financial transactions, at the expense of the dollar. The internationalization of the renminbi has the support of several BRI countries, including that of Russia following the imposition of international sanctions in 2014.
China reiterated the need for the development of hard infrastructure which had formed the core of the BRI. But at the summit it placed a greater emphasis on the soft infrastructure – customs clearance systems, quarantine processes, market access, trade barriers, and foreign investment procedures. This shift may signal a renewed effort by China to set the regional economic norms and standards, in part filling the vacuum created by the withdrawal of the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
This is an electronic, unedited version of an article published in the Oxford Analytica Daily Brief
< Previous The U.S. Development Policy Is at a Crossroads
Next > China and the AIIB on the Belt and Road: Power Sans Control
Remy Stuart-Haentjens
Belt and Road Could Remake the Strategic Map of Asia
G20 Turns Its Focus Onto Africa
The World Bank Group Pivots to Private Sector Solutions
China and the AIIB on the Belt and Road: Power Sans Control
The U.S. Development Policy Is at a Crossroads
The Impact of AIIB and NDB on Infrastructure Financing
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2016 Data Now Available in the State Health Practices Database
Public Resource on Diffusion of Medical Technologies
The Common Fund’s Health Economics program supported research to identify factors influencing adoption of new innovations in treatments, diagnosis, and preventive strategies; so that past and future investments by NIH may have greater public health impact. To that end the program focused on identifying factors that influence the adoption of high-value health technologies and personalized medicine approaches.
Examples of program research accomplishments include:
Expanded research community in health economics that is now being utilized at multiple NIH institutes to address issues in which economic analysis of factors can influence health and the adoption of NIH-supported innovations.
Identified factors that influence both optimal adoption of high-value health technologies and phasing out low value technologies.
Expanded understanding of preferences from physicians, payers, and patients that impact adoption of personalized medicine approaches. Also assessed the value of these approaches using test cases such as gene testing to inform breast cancer treatment or prescription drug effectiveness.
Developed the State Health Practices Database for Research (SHPDR), a resource containing data on state-level statues that can be used with common statistical analysis packages to inform health economics research.
Health economics research promotes a deeper understanding of how stakeholders (patients, providers, health care systems, payers, etc.) value new technologies and interventions aimed at improving health. The value of any NIH-funded biomedical research will ultimately depend on the actions of these participants in the health care system because they determine what interventions are actually delivered and how well they are used. The Health Economics Program identified factors determining adoption of effective health technologies, innovations, and discoveries; as well as discontinued use of lower value or ineffective technologies.
Personalized medicine holds the promise to revolutionize medical practice by taking into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment, and biology when prescribing treatments for diseases. However, this practice is currently not being used for most diseases. By studying early implementations of personalized medicine, research from this program offered insights into how preferences from health care system participants affect the uptake of this approach as well as the benefits compared to standard one-size-fits-all approaches.
Equally important as the research findings from this program are the tools that have been developed. These resources are being leveraged by individual NIH Institutes and Centers to conduct related, but more disease-focused, research on these questions to optimize the adoption of future biomedical technologies and interventions.
Although Common Fund support for the Health Economics Program has come to a close, trans-NIH interest in health economics research to support turning discovery into health continues in the form of a scientific interest group. NIH staff interested in joining the Health Economics SIG should contact Gregory Bloss (gregory.bloss@nih.gov).
This page last reviewed on December 17, 2018
Program Transition
The Health Economics program has transitioned from Common Fund support. Common Fund programs are strategic investments that achieve a set of high-impact goals within a 5-10 year timeframe. At the conclusion of each program, deliverables transition to other sources of support or use by the broader scientific community.
The Health Economics program was supported by the Common Fund from 2011 to 2017. On September 28-29, 2017 the program hosted a workshop, Turning Discovery into Health: The Contributions of Health Economics Research, to highlight the results of the program and to stimulate ideas for future economic methods that can be applied to the NIH mission. Health economics research remains an area of priority at multiple NIH institutes and centers. For more information see the notice Clarifying NIH Priorities for Health Economics Research.
Please note that since the Health Economics program is no longer supported by the Common Fund, the program website is being maintained as an archive and will not updated on a regular basis.
State Health Practice Database for Research Website
The SHPDR is a resource of state-level data on health practices that can be used with statistical software and linked with existing health and economic data for hypothesis-driven research. Visit the SHPDR website.
Health Economics Scientific Interest Group
Trans-NIH interest in health economics research has sparked the formation of a scientific interest group. NIH staff interested in joining the Health Economics SIG should contact Gregory Bloss (gregory.bloss@nih.gov).
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HP Slate 21 All-in-One Desktop PC – Android!
In short, it’s the Slate that ain’t. Even though HP stuck “Slate 21” into the name of its $399-list Android desktop computer (the full name is “Slate 21-k100 All-in-One Desktop PC”), the Palo Alto, Calif.-based electronics giant is quick to point out that this machine is not a tablet. That’s good, because this over-10-pound all-in-one with a 21.5-inch screen is far too big and heavy to carry anywhere except, perhaps, from one desk to another. Plus, unlike every Android tablet we know of, this one has no built-in battery, meaning that you can’t use it without a nearby power source.
That puts the Slate 21 into something of a category of its own. As we see it, despite this product’s “Slate” in the name, the inability to run unplugged does indeed disqualify it from the tablet genre. Instead, what you get with the Slate 21 is an inexpensive big-screen all-in-one (AIO) PC running on an operating system seldom seen on any kind of desktop PC (especially the all-in-one kind): Android. Here, it comes with version 4.2.2 (a.k.a. Jelly Bean) preinstalled.
An Android AIO: A peculiar concept? We thought so, at first. After giving it some thought, though, we realized that what we were looking at was an inkling of the next contemporary Internet appliance—an inexpensive big-screen content consumer, with the further advantage of a touch screen. We like the concept, in theory—but weren’t particularly thrilled with this first implementation of it.
Indeed, the Slate 21 seems like more of a halfhearted halfway point between product genres than a fully baked new idea. Take the spec list, for example: Aside from the lack of a battery, the Slate 21’s spec sheet—anchored by an Nvidia Tegra 4 ARM processor, 1GB of system RAM, and 8GB of eMMC flash storage—reads similarly to that of the average Android tablet. Both the RAM and storage allotments are on the low side. Most mid-level and high-end Android slates we’ve seen lately come with 2GB of RAM, and at least one that we know of, Samsung’s Galaxy Note 10.1 (2014 Edition), comes with 3GB. In addition, 8GB of storage space is, well, dismally small for a tablet or an AIO.
The good news is that the Slate 21 supports both USB and SD-card storage expansion, which is not the ideal approach, but workable. Furthermore, despite the low 1GB of system RAM, across the board the Slate 21 performed well enough on most of our benchmark tests. (We’ll look more closely at performance issues in the Performance section a little later in this review.)
We did find a lot to like about this AIO from a hardware POV, especially its full-HD 1,920×1,080-resolution screen, which is good-looking and crackles with quality thanks in part to its use of IPS technology. Between it and the set of built-in, loud DTS Sound+-enhanced speakers, the Slate 21 is without question one of the better-equipped Android devices for watching videos. Very few games and apps, on the other hand, can take proper advantage of the high-resolution screen (which we’ll get into in greater detail in the Features & Apps section a little later on).
The Slate 21 is, without question, a unique device. If you’re looking for a big-screen device for browsing the Web, watching videos, listening to music, visiting social media sites, and e-mail—well, we doubt that you’ll find another large-screen AIO with a nice HD panel like this one at or near this price range. But that only matters if all you’ll be doing on this machine is consuming HD video via, say, YouTube or Netflix. You need to keep in mind that, for the most part, neither Android, nor the apps written for it, are quite ready for this form factor—yet.
Unfortunately, the Slate 21 provides neither a well-rounded Android-tablet experience, nor full-fledged all-in-one PC performance. Our impression after a couple of weeks with this unique AIO is that it’s an interesting first step in what seems to be a somewhat underdeveloped direction, but, like most toddlers just learning to walk, it stumbles plenty. Should the price fall a bit after its debut, we could see it working for us as an inexpensive large-screen Internet appliance and media-consumption device. But as it currently stands, it’s more of a curiosity than a compelling buy.
Read full review at Computer Shopper.
CategoriesCommunications Technology Watch Tags21-inch tablet, AIO, all-in-one, Android, Android tablet, commtechwatch.com, Communications Technology Watch, Computer Shopper, fax, harrel, HP, slate 21, tablet, William Harrel, williamharrel.com
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Politics of Greece
President (list)
Karolos Papoulias
Presidential Departments
Prime Minister (list)
Antonis Samaras
Cabinet (list)
Speaker: Vangelis Meimarakis
Conference of Presidents
Supreme Special Court
Court of Cassation
Council of State
Chamber of Accounts
Regional units
Parliamentary constituencies
Recent elections
2012 (June) (legislative)
2012 (May) (legislative)
2010 (local)
2009 (European)
Minister for Foreign Affairs
The politics of Greece takes place in a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Greece is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Hellenic Parliament. Between the restoration of democracy in 1974 and the Greek government-debt crisis the party system was dominated by the liberal-conservative New Democracy (Νέα Δημοκρατία – Nea Dimokratia) and the social-democratic Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα – Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima, ΠΑΣΟΚ/PASOK).
The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Constitution of Greece, which describes Greece as a "presidential parliamentary republic", includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties and vests the powers of the head of state in a president elected by parliament. The Greek governmental structure is similar to that found in many other Western democracies, and has been described as a compromise between the French and German models. The prime minister and cabinet play the central role in the political process, while the president performs some executive and legislative functions in addition to ceremonial duties. Voting in Greece is compulsory but is not enforced.
Greek politics is often described as dynastic, with long-established political families controlling the positions of power. This is certainly true for the Prime Ministers, but there are many Ministers and Members of Parliament with no relation to political families.
Executive branch 1
Legislative branch 2
Judicial branch 3
Administrative divisions 4
International organization participation 5
Notable politicians of Greece 6
Former 6.1
Current 6.2
Political issues 7
Education 7.1
Illegal immigration 7.2
Religion 7.3
Military service 7.5
Military spending 7.5.1
Main office holders
President Karolos Papoulias Panhellenic Socialist Movement 12 March 2005
Prime Minister Antonis Samaras New Democracy 20 June 2012
Crown Prince's palace in 1909, today the Presidential Mansion
Maximos Mansion, the official seat of the Prime Minister of Greece
The Cabinet of Greece includes the heads of all executive ministries, appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister.
The old building of the Greek parliament, now National Historical Museum.
The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term (election last held 3 February 2010), and a maximum of two terms in office. When a presidential term expires, Parliament votes to elect the new President. In the first two votes, a ⅔ majority (200 votes) is necessary. The third and final vote requires a 3/5 (180 votes) majority. If the third vote is fruitless, Parliament is dissolved and elections are proclaimed by the outgoing President within the next 30 days. In the new Parliament, the election for President is repeated immediately with a 3/5 majority required for the initial vote, an absolute majority for the second one (151 votes) and a simple majority for the third and final one. The system is so designed as to promote consensus Presidential candidates among the main political parties.
The president has the power to declare war, to grant pardon and to conclude agreements of peace, alliance, and participation in international organizations; upon the request of the government a simple parliamentary majority is required to ratify such actions, agreements, or treaties. An absolute or a three-fifths majority is required in exceptional cases (for example, the accession into the EU needed a 3/5 majority). The president can also exercise certain emergency powers, which must be countersigned by the appropriate cabinet minister. The president may not dissolve parliament, dismiss the government, suspend certain articles of the constitution, issue a proclamation or declare a state of siege without countersigning by the prime minister or the appropriate cabinet minister. To call a referendum, he must obtain approval from parliament.
The prime minister is elected by the people and he or she is usually the leader of the party controlling the absolute majority of Parliament members. According to the Constitution, the prime minister safeguards the unity of the government and directs its activities. He or she is the most powerful person of the Greek political system and recommends ministers to the President for appointment or dismissal.
Greek parliamentary politics hinge upon the principle of the "δεδηλωμένη" (pronounced "dhedhilomeni"), the "declared confidence" of Parliament to the Prime Minister and his/her administration. This means that the President of the Republic is bound to appoint as Prime Minister a person who will be approved by a majority of the Parliament's members (i.e. 151 votes). With the current electoral system, it is the leader of the party gaining a plurality of the votes in the Parliamentary elections who gets appointed Prime Minister. An administration may, at any time, seek a "vote of confidence"; conversely, a number of Members of Parliament may ask that a "vote of reproach" be taken. Both are rare occurrences with usually predictable outcomes as voting outside the party line happens very seldom.
On 4 October 2009, Panhellenic Socialist Movement party and son and grandson of Prime Ministers, was elected as the new Prime Minister of Greece, following five years of government under New Democracy leader Kostas Karamanlis, the nephew of long-time Prime Minister and President Konstantinos Karamanlis.
The current Greek Parliament, Old Royal Palace.
Greece elects a legislature by universal suffrage of all citizens over the age of 18. The Greek Parliament (Βουλή των Ελλήνων) has 300 members, elected for a four-year term by a system of reinforced proportional representation in 48 multi-seat constituencies, 8 single-seat constituencies and a single nationwide list. 288 of the 300 seats are determined by constituency voting, and voters may select the candidate or candidates of their choice by marking their name on the party ballot. The remaining 12 seats are filled from nationwide party lists on a top-down basis and based on the proportion of the total vote each party received.
Greece uses a complex reinforced proportional representation electoral system which discourages splinter parties and makes a parliamentary majority possible even if the leading party falls short of a majority of the popular vote. Under the current electoral law, any single party must receive at least a 3% nationwide vote tally in order to elect Members of Parliament (the so-called "3% threshold"). The law in its current form favors the first past the post party to achieve an absolute (151 parliamentary seats) majority, provided it receives a 41%+ nationwide vote. This is touted to enhance governmental stability. The electoral law can be changed by simple parliamentary majority, but a law so changed only becomes enforced in the election following the upcoming one, unless it is voted by the Greek Parliament with a majority of ⅔ of the total number of the deputies.
The building of the Arsakeion in Athens, where the Council of State is seated
In Greece the judicial branch is divided into civil, and administrative courts. Civil courts judge civil and penal cases, whereas administrative courts judge administrative cases, namely disputes between the citizens and the State.
The judicial system of Greece comprises three Supreme Courts: the (Άρειος Πάγος), the Council of State (Συμβούλιο της Επικρατείας) and the Chamber of Accounts (Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο). These high courts are composed of professional judges, graduates of the National School of Judges. The way the judges are gradually promoted, until they become members of the Supreme Courts, is defined by the Constitution and the existing laws. The presidents and the vice-presidents of the three Supreme Courts are chosen by the Cabinet of Greece among the serving members of each of the Supreme Courts.
The Court of Cassation is the supreme civil and penal court, whereas the Council of State is the supreme administrative court. The Chamber of Accounts has an exclusive jurisdiction over certain administrative areas (for example it judges disputes arising from the legislation regulating the pensions of civil servants) and its decisions are irrevocable. This means that they are not judged at second instance by the Council of State.
Sometimes, the Supreme Courts take contradictory decisions or they judge differently the constitutionality of a legal provision. These disputes are resolved by the Supreme Special Court, whose composition and jurisdiction is regulated by the Constitution (article 100). As its name reveals, this court is not permanent and it sits when a special case belonging to its jurisdiction arises. When the Supreme Special Court sits, it comprises eleven members: the Presidents of the three Supreme Courts, four members of the Court of Cassation and four members of the Council of State. When it judges the constitutionality of a law or resolves the disputes between Supreme Courts, its composition comprises two more members: two professors of the Law Schools of Greece. The Supreme Special Court is the only court which can declare an unconstitutional legal provision as "powerless" (something like "null and void"), while the three Supreme Courts can only declare an unconstitutional legal provision as "inapplicable" to that particular case. The Supreme Special Court is also the Supreme Electoral Court, judging pleas against the legality of the legislative elections.
Greece is divided in 13 regions, further divided into 74 regional units. The prefectures are each headed by a prefect (the "Nomarch"), who is elected by direct popular vote. The thirteen regional administrative districts (peripheries), each including a number of prefectures are headed by a regional governor (the "Peripheriarch"), appointed by the Minister of the Interior. In northern Greece and in greater Athens, three areas have an additional administrative position between the nomarch and peripheriarch. This official, known as the Chair of the prefectural local authorities or "superprefect" (the "Hypernomarch"), is elected by direct popular vote together with the nomarchs she or he supervises. Although municipalities and villages have elected officials, they do not have an adequate independent revenue base and must depend on the central government budget for a large part of their financial needs. Consequently they are subject to numerous central government controls. This also leads to extremely low municipal taxes (usually around 0.2% or less).
Greece also includes one autonomous region, the Monastic Community of the Holy Mountain, Mount Athos.
International organization participation
Greece is member of the WTrO, Zangger Committee
Notable politicians of Greece
Alexandros Mavrokordatos
Ioannis Kapodistrias
Spyridon Trikoupis
Andreas Metaxas
Dimitrios Kallergis
Alexandros Koumoundouros
Epameinondas Deligiorgis
Charilaos Trikoupis
Theodoros Deligiannis
Alexandros Rizos Rangavis
Alexandros Zaimis
Georgios Christakis-Zografos
Georgios Theotokis
Ioannis Sfakianakis
Stephanos Dragoumis
Ion Dragoumis
Dimitrios Gounaris
Ioannis Metaxas
Alexandros Papanastasiou
Themistoklis Sofoulis
Nikos Zachariadis
Sofoklis Venizelos
Georgios Papandreou
Grigoris Lambrakis
Ilias Iliou
Alexandros Panagoulis
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
Spyros Markezinis
Konstantinos Karamanlis
Evangelos Averoff
Leonidas Kyrkos
Andreas Papandreou
Georgios Rallis
Konstantinos Mitsotakis
Dimitris Avramopoulos
Dora Bakoyannis
Michalis Chrisochoidis
Maria Damanaki
Anna Diamantopoulou
Stavros Dimas
Adonis Georgiades
Pavlos Geroulanos
Kostis Hatzidakis
Georgios Karatzaferis
Nikos Konstantopoulos
Fotis Kouvelis
Andreas Loverdos
Stefanos Manos
Nikolaos Michaloliakos
Petros Molyviatis
George Papandreou
Theodoros Pangalos
Costas Simitis
A working class political protest in Athens, Greece calling for the boycott of a local bookshop after, allegedly, an employee was fired for her political activism
Under the Greek constitution,[1] education is the responsibility of the state. Most Greeks attend public primary and secondary schools. There are a few private schools, which must meet the standard curriculum of and are supervised by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education oversees and directs every aspect of the public education process at all levels, including hiring all teachers and professors and producing all required textbooks.
A recent issue concerning education in Greece is the institutionalisation of private universities. According to the constitution[2] only state-run universities operate on the land. However,in the recent years many foreign private universities have established branches in Greece, offering Bachelor's level degrees, thus creating a legal contradiction between the Greek constitution and the EU laws allowing foreign companies to operate anywhere in the Union. Additionally, every year, tens of thousands of Greek students are not accepted to the state-run University system and become "educational immigrants" to other countries' Higher Education institutions, where they move to study. This has created a chronic problem for Greece, in terms of loss of capital as well as human resources, since many of those students opt to seek employment in the countries they studied, after completing their studies. It is characteristic that in 2006, Greece, with 11.5 million inhabitants, was fourth in the world in terms of student export in absolute numbers, with 60,000 students abroad, while the first country in this regard, People's Republic of China of over 1,3 billion inhabitants, had 100,000 students abroad. In terms of students abroad as a percent of the general population, Greece is by far the leading country, with 5,250 students per million, compared to second Malaysia's 1,780 students per million inhabitants.
Citing these problems as a result of the state's monopoly on Higher Education, New Democracy (ND) committed to amending the constitution, in order to allow private universities to operate in Greece on a non-profit basis. This proposal was rejected by then-ruling Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) in the late nineties, and thus could not muster the support necessary to be put to vote on the constitutional amendment of 2001. However, PASOK has since changed its stance, and now also supports a constitutional provision for the creation of private Universities on a non-profit basis. This proposal continues to encounter the fierce opposition of the Left parties and part of the academic community, both professors and students.
At the outset of 2006, prime minister Kostas Karamanlis announced the initiative of his government for a new amendment of the Constitution. According to his assertion one of the main issues of this amendment (the second within less than 10 years) is going to be the creation of "non-state owned" universities.
Greece has had problems with illegal immigration, many of whom transit through Turkey. Greek authorities believe that 90% of illegal immigrants in the EU enter through Greece, many fleeing because of unrest and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.[3][4]
Several European Courts have decreed that Greece is not obeying the minimum standards of treatment for asylum seekers. The consequences is that, illegal migrants who reach other countries cannot be sent back to Greece.[5]
Numerous solutions have been proposed by the Greek government such as building a fence on the Turkish border and setting up detention camps.[6][7]
The Greek Orthodox Church is under the protection of the State, which pays the clergy's salaries, and Orthodox Christianity is the "'prevailing" religion of Greece according to the Constitution. The Greek Orthodox Church is self-governing but under the spiritual guidance of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople. Freedom of religious beliefs is guaranteed by the Constitution, but "proselytism" is officially illegal. According to the most recent Eurostat "Eurobarometer" poll, in 2005,[8] 81% of Greek citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 16% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and only 3% that "they do not believe there is a God, spirit, nor life force". This would make Greece one of the most religious countries in the European Union of 25 members, after Malta and Cyprus.
The Muslim minority, concentrated in Thrace, was given legal status by provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 and is Greece's only officially recognized religious minority. There are small Roman Catholic communities on some of the Cyclades and the Ionian Islands, remnants of the long Venetian rule over the islands. The recent influx of (mostly illegal) immigrants from Eastern Europe and the Third World has an expectedly varied multi-religious profile (Roman Catholic, Muslim, Hindu etc.).
During the 2001 constitutional amendment, complete separation of church and state was proposed, but the two major parties, ND and PASOK, decided not to open this controversial matter, which clashes with both the population and the clergy. For example, numerous protests occurred over the removal of the Religious Denomination entry from the National ID card in 2000.
The Greek media, collectively, is a very influential institution – usually aggressive, sensationalist. As with many countries, most of the media are owned by businesses with commercial interests in other sectors of the economy. There are often accusations of newspapers, magazines, and radio and television channels being used to promote their commercial enterprises as well as to seek political influence.
In 1994, the Ministry of Press and Media was established to deal with media and communication issues. ERT S.A., a public corporation supervised by the Minister of Press, operates three national television channels and five national radio channels. The Minister of Press also serves as the primary government spokesperson.
The Secretary General of Press and Information prepares the semi-official Athens News Agency (ANA) Bulletin. Along with AP and Reuters, this is a primary source of information for the Greek press. The Ministry of Press and Information also issues the semi-official Macedonian News Agency (MPE) Bulletin, which is distributed throughout the Balkan region. For international news, CNN is a particular influence in the Greek market; the major television channels often use it as a source. State and private television stations also use Eurovision and Visnews as sources. While few papers and stations have overseas correspondents, those few correspondents abroad can be very influential.
In 1988, a new law provided the legal framework for the establishment of private radio stations and, in 1989, private television stations. According to the law, supervision of radio and television is exercised by the National Radio and Television Council. In practice, however, official licensing has been delayed for many years. Because of this, there has been a proliferation of private radio and television stations, as well as European satellite channels, including Euronews. More than 1,000 radio stations were operating before March 2002, when the government implemented plans to reallocate television frequencies and issue licenses as authorized by the 1993 Media Law, effectively reducing this number.
In 2011, the government proposed new measures that will restrict the freedom of speech in the internet. According to some proposals, every individual who would like to use free platforms, such like Blogspot or WordPress will be forced to get officially registered in the courts, as due to tough austerity measures web sites that criticize the government and the political system in general have been multiplied.[9]
Nine months for all males of 18 years of age; Compulsory with fines and imprisonment if denied, but neither fine nor imprisonment has been imposed since 1994, where the last warrant against a draft-dodger was issued. Members of families with three children serve a reduced time of six months. Military service can also be substituted with a longer public service, which by the standards of Amnesty International, ought to be considered punitive as it is twice as long as the regular tour of duty. Limited steps have been taken to turn the Greek military into a semi-professional army in the last years, leading to the gradual reduction of the service from 18 to 12 to 9 months and the inclusion of a greater number of professional military personnel in most vertices of the force. Recent developments, though, within the anti-conscription movement in Greece, such as the high death rate from suicides during service and work-related accidents, such as the Manitsa incident, combined with a high rate of draft-dodging, have advanced the idea that mandatory conscription should be abolished and an all-professional/all-volunteer army should be put in place.
Greece directs approximately 4.3% of its GDP to military expenditures, the 2nd highest percentage in Europe.[10] In absolute numbers the Greek military budget ranked 28th in the world in 2005. By the same measure, Greek military budget ranked 6th in the Mediterranean basin (behind France, Italy, Turkey, Israel and Spain) and 2nd (behind Turkey) in its immediate vicinity, the Balkans.[11] Greek arms purchasing is among the highest in the world: Greece ranked 3rd in the world in 2004.[12]
These figures are explained[13] in the light of the arms race between Greece and Turkey with key issues being the Cyprus dispute and disagreement over sovereignty of certain islets of the Aegean. For more information see Greco-Turkish relations. Reversely, the foreign relations of Greece as well as many internal policy decisions are largely affected by its arms purchases. The United States, being the major arms seller to Greece has been known to actively intervene in military spending decisions made by the Greek government.[14] The US has at times actively stepped in to help avoid large scale crisis, as in the case of the Imia-Kardak crisis.
The reduction of military spending has long been an issue in Greek politics. The former prime minister, Kostas Karamanlis had proposed a reduction to military spending through a "Defence Eurozone",[15] referring to the European Security and Defence Policy. The previous PASOK administration, also planned on reducing military spending[16] prior to its failure to be re-elected in 2004, while PASOK politicians usually refer to money saved from reducing military spending as a "peace dividend" ("μέρισμα ειρήνης").[17] The parties of the Left, the Communist Party of Greece and Synaspismos, have been vocal in condemning military spending. Regarding the purchase of 30 F-16 and 333 Leopard tanks in 2005, both parties criticized the New Democracy administration for spending money on weapons while doing nothing to relieve the lower classes and said that high military spending "does not correspond to the real needs of the country but is carried out according to NATO planning and to serve weapon manufacturers and the countries that host them".[18]
^ Article 16 of the Constitution of Greece.
^ ibid, Section 5: "Education at university level shall be provided exclusively by institutions which are fully self-governed public law legal persons".
^ "Tensions Rise Over Illegal Immigrants In Greece".
^ "Southern Europe's Immigration Test".
^ "On illegal immigration, Greek left, war damages, Klaus Boetig, traffic accidents".
^ "Greece to Build Border Fence to Deter Illegal Immigrants".
^ Smith, Helena (2012-03-29). "Greece to open new detention centres for illegal migrants".
^ Eurobarometer, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf
^ Military Spending – Rank Order,Military expenditure (2005 figures)
^ All rankings according to the World ranking of military budgets
^ Article from in.gr (08/06/05) (in Greek)
^ US Arms Clients Profiles – Greece
^ ibid: The Greek publication Elevtherotipia reported that former Ambassador Nicholas Burns had taken part in attempting to dissuade Greek officials from purchasing the Eurofighter in favor of a U.S. military aircraft.
^ Hellenic Radio (ERA): News in Greek, 03-09-13
^ Athens News Agency: Press Review in Greek, 01-11-15
^ Speech of PASOK former finance minister Nikos Christodoulakis
^ HR-NET index of BBC broadcasts in Greek, 05-07-19 News
Greek Politics Specialist Group (GPSG) of the UK's Political Studies Association
Official election results, via the Greek Ministry of Internal Affairs
ekloges.gr Greek Elections
Official website of the Prime Minister of Greece
Greece the first country in the globe in terms of student export
Greek Politics Community Forums
Greece and eurozone in crisis dossier by Radio France Internationale in English June 2010
Greece topics
Aegean civilizations
Mycenaean period
Byzantine era
Latin states
Greek countries and regions
Greek economic miracle
Cuisine (wine)
Flag and national colours
Philhellenism
Name of Greece
Names of the Greeks
Politics of Europe
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
North Atlantic Treaty
North Atlantic Council (NAC)
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE)
Parliamentary Assembly (NATO PA)
Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (CMC)
Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR)
Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT)
Parliament of Europe
Articles containing Greek-language text
Articles with ibid from May 2010
Use dmy dates from June 2011
New Democracy (Greece)
European Parliament, European People's Party, Greece, Hellenic Parliament, Italy
Antarsya
Hellenic Parliament, European Parliament, Politics of Greece, Greece, Communist Party of Greece
Panhellenic Socialist Movement
Hellenic Parliament, Greece, Andreas Papandreou, Socialist International, Party of European Socialists
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The CTMES Executive is elected by the members. The current Executive are as follows:
David Wardle
Booth College of Mission
David is the Education Officer for the School of Officer Training and the Academic Dean for the School of Bible and Mission at The Salvation Army’s Booth College of Mission. In his 8 years at the college he has taught theology, Christian leadership and has directed the second year officer cadet training programme. His particular interest is curriculum development and inquiry based learning and brings to CTMES his experience of the TroQ process, NZQA EER and internal self-review processes.
David is a third generation Salvationist and is currently the Corps Sergeant Major (senior elder) and Discipleship co-ordinator at Upper Hutt Corps. David graduated from Otago University and Dunedin Teachers’ College in 1982 and Massey University in 2007. He has served as a teacher and principal in primary schools in Otago, Southland and the Manawatu. David is married to Caroline and has three children and two grandchildren.
Edwige Fava, CTMES Executive Director
Tertiary Consultant
Edwige is the Executive Director of CTMES. She has extensive experience in education both in the tertiary and secondary school sector.
Mark Budenberg, CTMES Deputy Chair
EastWest College
A former electronics engineer with the British Railways, Mark heard the call to mission service and went to study at Northumbria Bible College in 1983. In 1987 he completed his training for cross-cultural service, and after studying French in Paris, he and his wife went to DR Congo and taught for six and a half years at a French language Bible institute. In December 1996, They were forced to leave Congo because of the civil war and so transferred to Eastwest College. Currently Mark is Dean of Studies and Deputy Principal at Eastwest. Mark holds degrees from London University the University of Wales. Mark loves reading, especially anything to do with British history. He has three adult daughters and lives in Hamilton.
Michael Hanson, CTMES Chair
Shore Community Church
Michael is a Pastor at Shore Community Church in the suburbs of Auckland’s North Shore.
He has extensive experience in tertiary education having been in senior management roles at Laidlaw College and Carey Baptist College. Michael has also taught in both Old and New Testament, Spiritual Formation and Field Education. His interests are in education, technology and Christian ministry.
Michael is also a Quality Commissioner for ITENZ and a NZQA Degree Monitor. He is currently chair of CTMES.
Michael graduated from Massey University in 1985 with a BSc in computer science, and a Master of Divinity on 1992 from The Masters Seminary, USA. Michael is married to Carolyn and they have four adult children.
Rob Ayres
Carey Baptist College
Rob is the Academic Director at Carey Baptist College
Steve Graham
Equippers College
Steve is the Principal of Equippers College
Sue Davidson
Laidlaw College
Sue Davidson is the School Coordinator for the School of Theology at Laidlaw College
Executive Director:
Edwige Fava
email: ed@ctmes.ac.nz
The Christian Theological and Ministries Education Society (CTMES) is registered as an incorporated society (1191460)
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Revision as of 14:02, 5 December 2007 by 216.165.43.196 (Talk) (→History)
Ever since there has been a written word, scribes have devised ways to transcribe the spoken word into a written form with the greatest ease. Dating as far back as the ancient Egyptians, archeologists have discovered traces of shorthand among scribal texts and artifacts. In fact, their shorthand became the normal writing style; leaving hieroglyphics for ornamental scrolls and decoration on temple and tomb walls.
Ancient And International Stenography
The Ancient Egyptians placed the scribe on an elite level and training to become one was met with extreme rigor. The scribe would, "Begin to study at five years of age. The rigours and harsh training of these young apprentices was well documented. Note the connotation of the egyptian word for teach, seba, which also means to beat." (Kreitzman 1)
The concept of Stenography (not the writing itself) was remediated throughout history in Eastern and Western cultures. Caligraphy has evolved as the formal, correct, way to write letters and words, whereas everyday handwriting is arguably a form of shorthand. Much like the alphabet itself, Stenography can be seen as a digital interpretation of an analog idea.
During the Han Dynasty (207BCE – 220CE), the Chinese developed two forms of rapid writing known as xingshu (running script) and caoshu (grass script). Still used today, the different strokes in the former are combined and others left out whereas in the latter the entire character is written in one continuous stroke. This has made these forms of stenography incredibly difficult to read without extensive training. Over the years there has been an effort made to standardize these forms of Stenography but they have been met with a deal of opposition. This can be seen as a pop and whistle of this technology. No matter how much training in the writing one can have, every piece transcribed will be inconsistent with the others in the basic structure of the physical construction of the words themselves. Unlike using the Western alphabet (which is standardized) to make a group of manuscripts, using xingshu and caoshu is a lot riskier because the message will fundamentally change from scribe to scribe.
The ancient Romans also used shorthand and Stenographic techniques but in different ways. Vital military messages would be written in shorthand and, combined with Steganography (meaning "covered writing" [Dunbar 2]), they could successfully be transmitted as far as the messenger could travel. The information would be tattooed onto the bald head of the messenger and, after the hair grew back, they would travel with a fake message to their destination. Upon arrival their heads would be shaved and the true message would remain intact.
Contemporary and Western Stenography
There are many forms of shorthand being used in contemporary Western culture. However, the two most used are Pitman Shorthand and Gregg Shorthand. Sir Isaac Pitman in England developed Pitman Shorthand in 1837. Over the years it has been altered and adapted into over 15 different languages, but is used mostly by secretaries in the UK and America. Acting as a remediation of the Chinese scripts, Pitman Shorthand relies heavily on the thickness, length, and placement of each stroke. This, again, has made it hard to decipher; even among other stenographers because the width of each “letter” can be contested by anyone. Because of this inconsistency, this style began to loose favor after the invention of the mini tape recorder.
John Robert Gregg invented Gregg Shorthand in 1888. To this day Gregg is primarily used in the US, although it has been adapted into some other languages. Unlike the Pitman style that has characters assigned to every letter, Gregg is phonetic. For example, form, elephant, and rough would all use the same stroke for the F sound even though they are spelled differently.
Today we can see how the ancient esteemed profession of the scribe has been recreated into the court reporter. Just like in antiquity, the court reporter has to be extremely skilled with their tools in order to be accurate enough to transcribe every word said while maintaining a high level of ethical pride. Their tools are also designed to copy information as fast as possible making their machine a remediation of the physical motions of the hand.
We can also see traces of the ancient Roman's strategic techniques in contemporary international espionage and information transferring. Vital data has been transfered hidden in other data streams using encrypted languages and forms of digital shorthand. The Cold War can be seen as an example of the measures governments went through in order to relay a message. The United States invested millions of dollars in Stenographic techniques and technologies in order to counter Soviet transmissions and intercept some information for themselves. In fact, this war can be seen as built upon nothing more than the fear and proper usage of Stenography.
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The United Kingdom – Introduction
1. Geographic and Administrative Divisions
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (the “UK”) or Britain includes England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the country has an area of 230,600 km2, 14 overseas territories away from its mainland and has great and far-reaching influence on language, culture, politics and legal system of its former colonies.
2. Political and Legal Systems
The UK applies parliamentary system of governance. Its capital city is London with three devolved administrations, Belfast in Northern Ireland, Cardiff in Wales and Edinburgh in Scotland. Britain is the world’s first constitutional monarchy and the current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II. Both English law, which applies in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland law are based on common-law principles.
3. Economy and Diplomacy
The United Kingdom was the world’s first industrialized country and the world’s superpower during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is the major victor of the World War I and II, with nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure rank the fourth in the world. The UKis one of the five permanent member states of the United Nations Security Council, with veto rights of the Councils’s resolutions. It is a member state of the European Union (EU) and a founding member of NATO. As an important trading entity, an economic super-power and financial center, the UK is the world’s sixth largest economy system, and also one of the world’s richest and most developed countries with the highest living standards. Service industry, especially banking, financing, shipping, insurance and business services sector accounts for a significant proportion ofits GDP.
4. History, Culture and Transportation
The UK enjoys beautiful natural sceneries, lively cities as well as quiet towns.People can fell its long history and taste its ancient and modern cultures and arts. It also has a multicultural and open-minded society. London is a world metropolitan, only second to New York in ethnic diversity. The British society is quite peaceful with stable life and low crime rate; and the country has a mild and rainy weather. It seldom suffers from disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons or tsunamis; It is also very convenient to travel through the UK to the rest of the world with its efficient highway, railway and aviation.
In the UK, children of 5 to 16 years old are compulsory to receive education by law. British education is generally divided into five stages: kindergarten education for children of 3 to 5 years old; primary school education for those of 5 to 11 years old; secondary school education for those 11 to 16 years old; high school education (or university preparatory education) for those of 16 to 18 years old; and higher/university education thereafter, the length of higher/university education is slightly different in different places, different colleges/universities and different majors.
The British public schools are government funded. Students below 16 years old are exempted from paying tuition fees. Private secondary schools are famous in their excellent teaching qualities, rich resources and advanced equipment and attract students from all over the world.
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Strana: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662
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also done a bit of other altruistic activities these days. Recently we’ve given to baby Cliff, and supported Aiden’s Monsters.  There are just so many great causes–so many
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Here is everything you need to know about the Guardians Of The Galaxy attraction that’s taking over Tower Of Terror at DCA
The rumored attraction based off one of Marvel's franchises will check in to the Tower of Terror permanently in 2017
by Michelle Pagaran
in Marvel · Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
It was confirmed by Disney that a Guardians of the Galaxy themed attraction will be coming to Disney California Adventure Park Summer 2017, replacing the current attraction The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror. Kevin Feige, President of Marvel Studios, made the official announcement at San Diego Comic-Con just a few minutes ago.
“The incredibly talented Disney Imagineering team has found a way to harness the spirit, which drove ‘Guardians of the Galaxy’s’ success to create this immersive experience,” said Feige during the Marvel Studios event in Hall H.
The attraction “Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: BREAKOUT!” takes guests into the Collector’s fortress warehouse where the Guardians have been imprisoned as the Collector’s newest possessions. With the enlistment of the Collector’s VIP guests (i.e. guests riding the attraction), Rocket goes on an adrenaline-filled mission to rescue his captive friends.
“It takes you into the world of Guardians of the Galaxy in this really immersive, exciting experience and features the really quirky and beloved characters from the film in a whole new narrative that no one has ever seen, ” says Joe Rohde, a veteran executive of Walt Disney Imagineering.
Rohde, the Imagineer behind Animal Kingdom and Aulani Resort, is joined by the likes of Joe Quesada, Executive Producer of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and James Gunn, Director of Guardians of the Galaxy.
The ride system will include randomized drops and unique ride profiles set to rock music from the film.
Additionally, the announcement also confirmed the rumored Marvel presence coming to DCA in the coming years. “Guardians of the Galaxy- Mission: BREAKOUT!” will be the first addition of Marvel-themed attractions coming to the park and will serve as the “anchor” to a “broader universe of Super Heroes”.
There’s no opening date set for the new attraction, but if you want to be one of the last guests to check in to The Hollywood Tower of Hotel, make sure you do before the hotel closes in early 2017.
— Michelle Pagaran
Writer at DisneyExaminer. Seeking adventure in the great wide somewhere and lover of all things sweet. Reach me at michelle@disneyexaminer.com Find me on Instagram at @mintvalue and Twitter at @mint_value.
Someone created an animated version of Fantasmic! to make us miss it even more at Disneyland 19 Feb, 2016
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David's Tech Blog
What will the Parker Solar Probe do?
The Top 11 Coolest Things in Space:
0. Parker Solar Probe
The Parker Solar Probe will have many tools to examine sunlight both remotely and straight. It will explore a region of space which hasn’t been researched earlier. The probe is an unmanned spacecraft is about the size of a tiny motor vehicle. It has a potent rocket must escape Earth’s orbit, change management and reach sunlight. After that, it is going to begin to turn, and it will be the very first craft to travel in the corona.
Being so near sunlight, the autonomous spacecraft should be able to make rapid decisions on its own using artificial intelligence. It’ll use a unique ceramic Carrier that’s soldered at the bottom of each photovoltaic cell that is then connected to the platen using a specially chosen thermally conductive adhesive to allow for optimum thermal conduction to the machine while providing the electrically insulating material.
The corona is challenging to study. The thermal shield is very effective against the extreme light of the sun, but it is not meant to protect the whole craft. The heat shield will reach temperatures almost 1000 celsius however the rest of the aircraft behind the shield will be in a position to maintain room temperature. Since there’s no wind near the Sun’s surface astronomers are bemused on how the solar wind gets the wind. It’s a potent source of radio waves, and it may interfere with Parker’s communications.
Due to the tremendous energy required for the assignment, the Delta IV Heavy’s capacity will be augmented by an extremely successful third phase given by Orbital ATK. The atmosphere 6 million km over the sun’s surface is quite thin, and a minimum quantity of energy will be moved into the probe. Since distance is mainly empty, there are just a few particles which may transfer heat to the spacecraft.
The launch time and date was August 12, 2018. Part of this mission is to analyze the strong outbursts that occur on the surface of the Sun. The assignment will last for seven years; it’s likely to create 24 close range passes around the sun.
1. Diamonds
Do you like diamonds? Be honest; there is almost no person who does not like them. Scientists believe, although this cannot be proved yet, that the real rain of diamonds is falling on Saturn and Jupiter. This happens because of a higher atmosphere, light storms that turn methane into the soot, that soot drops, and the pressure increases, so it becomes more robust and first turns into pieces of graphite. After falling from 6000 km of graffiti pieces, they hardened into diamonds. It is thought that about 1000 tons of diamonds are produced annually on Saturn. So, where do we buy tickets for Saturn? Imagine a planet twice as big as planet earth but made entirely out of diamond. YUP, DIAMOND! 55 Cancri E is the closest planet to its star in Cancer constellation; 40 or so light years far away from us. This planet was once a two-stars dance which stopped the moment one of them devoured the other and then found itself incapable of pulling away from its carbon core -which we all know its the primary material diamonds are born from after incredible heat and pressure conditions. Thus, Rihanna’s favorite planet is a graphite paradise with other silicates in it. There are an uncountable amount of worlds with their magic, but this is one of the coolest.
2. Quasars
Although you may have heard of them -since the late 50’s- first observed them, these strange objects still can’t be “accurately” explained due to the distance they are from us. Quasars are the most luminous objects known in the entire universe after blazars, which are compact quasars tearing whole elliptical galaxies apart.
3. Clusters
Clusters are vast groups of stars which are born together. This means they come from the same gigantic clouds of gas and dust but not are formed at the same time. As a result, they’re all different in shapes and colors. Unlike the solar system, they gravitate to one another contributing to the gravity force of the overall group. It is said there must be some force that helps to keep them together beyond their interaction.
4. Supernovas
You probably have had a supernova as a wallpaper. The quantity of energy radiated in 1 supernova explosion is equivalent to the amount of energy which has been emitted by our Sun so far plus the power that it is going to shine for the remainder of its life. They’re one of the most eye-catching scenes in space. Supernova is an enormous explosion of a star that can occur in-universe. It is almost not possible to overstate precisely how ridiculously over-the-top such an explosion is. Supernova is what scientist call the explosion a star makes when its death takes place. It’s sad, but at the same time beautiful.
5. Electrical Currents
These rare currents are believed to be the result of big black hole bursts. These lightning bolts travel to a speed of 150.000 light-years across the universe. These currents can be bigger than the Milky Way galaxy.
6. Supervoids
Even though the Big Bang theory lets space for colder (empty) or hotter (filled) zones to exist, there are really few voids in space which sizes are too large even to be realistic. We’re living 3 Billion light-years away from the more substantial void discovered (at the moment). In a cosmic perspective, it’s a short distance. In other words, we live at the edge of the “nothingness.” Imagine having your house at the very edge of a hole so deep and large you can’t see the other side or the bottom.
7. Black Holes:
Yes, it’s predictable, but it doesn’t stop being important. Black holes are the result of a massive star collapse after dying and creating a supernova. Despite what people often believe, this object does not eat up the entire existence around them. Of course, if you’re close enough to the event horizon, you can say “bye” because the part when they say “what goes in, stays in” it’s true. Black holes are the “heart” of galaxies since they’re at the center of each one. However, there are “Wandering Black Holes” that are more than 2000 light-years away from the center of their galaxy. This makes scientist ask if there’s something else apart from black holes that keep galaxies together. How cool is that?
8. Dark Matter and Dark Energy:
Ok, let’s start with: not even scientific are capable of explaining this subject easily. None of them can properly understand it. The thing is, we as humans have a limited perception of the universe composición. Until now we’ve only been able to sense energy and matter as we interact with them. Nonetheless, there’s more around us which we haven’t had the chance and resources to interact with. Dark Matter and Dark Energy are elements that allow the life exist as we know it. They counter the effects of gravity and normal matter on the universe like -Ying & Yang, huh? Why is it “cool”? The possibilities of the unknown are doors that mark the difference between “magic” and “reality.” Time traveling? Life after death? What else could be possible? What haven’t our minds thought of? Remember those “Supervoids” and “clusters” we talked before? Well…
9. Movement
Everything in the universe is constantly rotating and turns at incredible speeds. First, the electrons circulate the nucleus of the atoms from which we were created. Since we are on Earth, we turn around its axis. Then, the Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Solar System revolves around a black hole that is in the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way turns around a gravitational center located between the Milky Way and Andromeda, all within a larger group of galaxies that revolve around, hey, I feel sick from all that rotating! It feels weird to think about planets wandering across the universe with no clear guide.
10. Life
That’s right The coolest thing in space is life itself. Remember, us humans are only one of the many forms that life can exist in. As we’ve talked about different types of energy, we can’t forget that life is also a type of energy. How could other forms life use to manifest across the universe? Are there monsters or a superior race? Could all those crazy mythological creatures and goddess be real in some way?
11. Magnetars
They are so dense and heavy that one spoonful can contain the same mass as 800 Supersize Egyptian Pyramids. And you only talk about the seven wonders of our world! These have incredibly powerful magnetic cores, which send out rapidly jutting x rays and the ferocious Gamma rays. When the stars have eaten upon the fuel that powers their fission, the outer layers collapse and spread over an area of only 50 miles. Imagine our sun, which may be thousands’ of km in diameter, lying flat in a fifty-kilometer stretch. Once, a magnetar burst was so powerful it was capable of blocking out all satellites orbiting our earth. This magnetar was 50.000 light-years away from us.
tech, Uncategorized
The Top 10 Tech Books You Should Read
What is the Fastest Car in the World? Devel Sixteen – 348 Mph
AI android aws cars computers drones fun hosting iphone learning movies space uav
© 2019 David's Tech Blog
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The Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship: Enterprise, Home and Household in London, c. 1800-1870
Kay, Alison C.
Burnette, Joyce
Alison C. Kay, The Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship: Enterprise, Home and Household in London, c. 1800-1870. New York: Routledge, 2009. xv + 185 pp. $138 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-415-43174-3
Reviewed for EH.NET by Joyce Burnette, Department of Economics, Wabash College.
In the tradition of Sanderson (1996) and Philips (2006), Alison Kay argues that women were active in business during the nineteenth century. Women were not confined to a separate sphere, and couverture did not prevent them from operating as entrepreneurs. Strikingly, Kay concludes that the story of women in business is neither a story of a lost golden age, nor one of emancipation, but a story of continuity across history. Whatever the rhetoric, businesswomen were consistently involved in business throughout the Victorian period.
This book provides the best data yet on businesswomen in London. The main source for the book, and its main contribution, are samples of male and female business owners from records of the Sun Fire insurance company. Fire insurance records were less likely to be skewed by social expectations than other records, and include businesses that trade directories do not. Both male and female business owners had the need and the opportunity to insure their business assets. Since the records are contracts, not advertisements, the information should be accurate; women owners would not have hidden behind male relatives because, as Kay notes, ?misrepresentation of proprietorship could be taken as fraud? (p. 50).
The female sample includes all policies covering business assets that were issued to women in 1747, 1761, 1851, and 1861. There are 634 such policies. For comparison Kay also collects a five-percent sample of male policies, using policies taken out in October of the same years. Though she is mainly interested in businesswomen, the male sample is necessary because it allows Kay to compare women to men. The importance of the male sample can be seen by comparison to Lewis?s (2009) study of businesswomen in Albany; Lewis measures the median life of a female-owned business, but with no comparable number for male-owned businesses it is hard to say whether women?s businesses were short-lived or long-lived.
Kay finds that women operated over the whole range of businesses. While women were more likely than men to operate in the textile and clothing trades, and less likely than men to operate in manufacturing, women owned businesses across the range of industries. Women were certainly not confined to a small number of trades. While dressmaking/millinery was by far the most popular trade for women, only 15 percent of the women taking out policies in 1851 were milliners or dressmakers. Kay does not report the average or median insured value by gender, but does show the distribution of insured value across categories. Women were more likely to have capital below ?100 and less likely to have capital over ?2000, but women were present in all categories.
By linking the insurance policies to the 1851 and 1861 censuses, Kay is able to determine the family status of the women in her sample for those years. While the majority of female business owners were widows, there were also significant numbers of single and married women. Many were mothers; one-third of businesswomen were living with children under age 14. Kay shows that it was relatively rare for a businesswoman to live with a sister, or with a son who was a likely heir to the business. Households headed by businesswomen were more likely to employ servants than the average female-headed household.
Chapter Four examines trade cards from the period. Before the tax on newspaper advertisements was abolished in 1853, few businesses advertised in newspapers, and trade cards were a more common form of advertisement. Since trade cards do not survive systematically, they cannot be used quantitatively, but are used to provide a broader picture of businesses owned by women. Fire insurance records reveal a greater number of lodging houses than do the Post Office Directories. The directories tend to include the larger establishments, but not the smaller ones. Lodging houses varied greatly in quality, and in the quality of their clientele. The majority of female lodging-house keepers were spinsters, and most were in their 30s or 40s.
Some businesswomen specialized in renting property. Men and women seem to have been equally likely to invest their assets in property. Kay argues that women who rented property should be seen as active businesswomen rather than as passive rentiers. She points out that men managing properties would be seen as businessmen, and that women should be treated similarly.
Kay has given us valuable information on businesswomen in London, and I hope that she continues her research in order to provide answers to other questions. If she followed these businessmen and businesswomen over time, Kay could determine whether businesses owned by men and women had different failure rates, or different growth rates. These and other questions could potentially be answered by delving further into fire insurance records.
Susan Ingalls Lewis, 2009, Unexceptional Women: Female Proprietors in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Albany, New York, 1830-1885, Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
Nicola Phillips, 2006, Women in Business, 1700-1850, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
Elizabeth Sanderson, 1996, Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century Edinburgh, New York: St. Martin?s Press.
Joyce Burnette is Professor of Economics at Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana. Her book, Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain, discusses the role of market forces in determining the wages and occupations of women workers during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. She can be reached at burnettj@wabash.edu.
Social and Cultural History, including Race, Ethnicity and Gender
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SHE Software’s transatlantic expansion underway
by Will Peakin/ May 2, 2018/ Business, Companies, News/ No Comments/
East Kilbride-based SHE Software is launching in the US, following a £3m investment, with the opening an office in Chicago and creation of five highly-skilled jobs health and safety software jobs. The company’s chief executive Matthew Elson will also move there to lead its US operations.
Over the next 12-months, SHE Software plans to recruit 10 more people into a range of roles including sales, marketing and implementation specialists. The firm has already hired two new account executives, who will focus on sales in the US, and a vice-president of talent.
The next year will also see the company focus on raising brand awareness in America, as well as continuing to drive sales. SHE Software is off to a strong start in its US mission, winning two new clients, including a leading provider of construction machines, construction equipment and services, and the other, a global athletic brand.
SHE Software has chosen to break into the US following a sharp increase in the number of enquiries coming from the country. For many firms, health and safety is still a paper-based system, with safety managers spending up 80% their week juggling paperwork. SHE Software’s technology removes this administrative burden, freeing health and safety professionals to do their job.
A leading provider in health and safety software globally, SHE Software has also launched its partner programme, teaming up with organisations across the globe to help clients achieve improved safety performance with increased visibility of health, safety and compliance.
The programme is already backed by several major organisations, including Capita Real Estate and Infrastructure in the UK, Fusion 5 in New Zealand and Evolved Safety in the United States.
“The funding boost we received earlier this year has allowed us to secure a foothold in North America and begin the all-important hiring process to build our team out there,” said Elson.
“We are seeing more enquiries from the US and following a successful market test in 2017, we feel that now is the right time for us to target America. It will be a challenge but we firmly believe that with a strong team in place, we can comfortably meet our US business objectives.”
SHE Software is currently going through a period of rapid growth. As well as an office in the UK and US, the firm also opened its New Zealand office 18-months ago. Since then, its dedicated APAC team has grown from two staff to eight and has had significant success in securing new business in New Zealand and Australia.
SHE Software is the creator of Assure, a highly configurable health and safety software solution designed for reporting hazards and incidents in real time, prompting corrective measures. It provides organisations worldwide with an easy and simple way of tracking, managing and reporting on health, safety and compliance.
At the beginning of April, the firm launched a new version of its Assure app, now called ‘AssureGO’. This offers clients a visually refreshed platform, enhanced functionality and new features, including iQ which provides dynamic question sets to enhance functionality for audits, checklists, inspections and assessments.
Will Peakin
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Did The Tribe Win Last Night? | July 19, 2019
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2014 Offseason
Indians Baseball is Just Around the Corner
Bob Toth | On 02, Feb 2014
The weather in northeast Ohio this winter has given baseball fans the feeling that spring will never come.
The Cleveland Indians’ organization and several of its minor league affiliates have done plenty to give fans hope that warmer weather and baseball are closer than they appear.
After very trying and difficult to digest fall and winter sports efforts from the Cleveland Browns and the Cleveland Cavaliers, many Cleveland fans could benefit from a fresh start with a team that concluded its 2013 campaign with a ten-game regular season winning streak culminating in an American League Wild Card game at home.
Last weekend, the Cleveland Indians hosted their second annual “Tribe Fest” at Progressive Field. The event gives personal access to fans in attendance to a behind-the-scenes look at the stadium that the Indians call home.
The activities grant fans an opportunity to meet some of their favorite members of the Indians – past, present, and future.
Current Indians, like fan favorite Nick Swisher, All-Star second baseman Jason Kipnis, outfielders Michael Bourn, Michael Brantley, and David Murphy, “Goon Squad” members Mike Aviles and Yan Gomes, and pitchers Carlos Carrasco, Corey Kluber, Zach McAllister, Danny Salazar, and Bryan Shaw, were in attendance, signing autographs, taking pictures, and interacting with the fans.
Legends of the Indians’ glory days of the 1990’s, including outfielder Kenny Lofton, starting pitcher Charles Nagy, future Hall of Fame slugger Jim Thome, and shortstop Omar Vizquel, were also present despite the adverse weather that affected the region.
Several prospects, including Triple-A starter Trevor Bauer, Double-A outfielder Tyler Naquin, and last season’s first round draft pick Clint Frazier, had their first opportunities to meet their future fans in downtown Cleveland.
Other representatives of the Indians’ organization also took part, including manager Terry Francona, radio voices of the Tribe Tom Hamilton and Jim Rosenhaus, superfan drummer John Adams, and team president Mark Shapiro.
Fans had the opportunity to purchase tickets to receive autographs from select groups of players and to tour portions of the clubhouse and training areas. Additional activities and games for younger fans were also scattered throughout the underbelly of the stadium.
On Thursday, a pair of Cleveland’s minor league affiliates hosted events of their own, again allowing fans the opportunity to engage players who could become bigger parts of the Indians’ organization in the future, if their career paths so allow.
The Lake County Captains had eight minor league ball players accessible to fans at Classic Park for their Hot Stove Dinner, in addition to new Captains manager Mark Budzinski and current Indians pitching coach Mickey Callaway, who was a center of attention during the question and answer portion of the evening’s events.
The players present, representing many levels of the Indians’ farm system, met with fans for pictures and autographs prior to the event as well as after the conclusion of the Q&A. New Indians pitcher Tyler Cloyd, reliever Bryan Price (Columbus), infielders Jesus Aguilar and Giovanny Urshela (Akron), catcher Jake Lowery (Akron), and pitchers Cody Anderson (Akron), Joseph Colon (Carolina), and Will Roberts (Akron), all took time to chat with fans and sign autographs throughout the night.
The Mahoning Valley Scrappers held an event of their own in Niles, Ohio, on the same evening that the Indians announced an extension of the Player Development contract with the club through 2016, extending a relationship between the two that started in 1999.
Former Indians pitcher Jason Stanford was the lead speaker at the Mahoning Valley Scrappers Backers Hot Stove Dinner. Prospects present included Naquin (Akron), outfielder Bryson Myles (Carolina), second baseman Joe Wendle (Carolina), shortstop Erik Gonzalez (Carolina), 2013 fourth round pitcher Kyle Crockett (Akron), offseason relief acquisition Colt Hynes, and infielder Jose Ramirez, who jumped from Akron to Cleveland for the final month of the 2013 season.
A pair of common themes discussed amongst all of the players present were their offseason preparations and their excitement for the coming 2014 season.
Aguilar was relaxed and joked with many of the players around him, playfully introducing his teammates to the fans in attendance.
“I’ve enjoyed my time over there [in the Venezuelan Winter League],” said Aguilar on Thursday when asked about his 2013 offseason, when he hit .327 with 18 home runs and 50 RBI in 58 games for Leones del Caracas in his native Venezuela. “I’ve tried to make more contact and not do too much. I saw some results last year. I don’t have control about [where I play this season]. I try to stay focused on baseball and what I can do good. I am heading to Arizona after this to get ready for Spring Training.”
Urshela, a teammate of Aguilar’s in Akron in 2013 and in town for the Winter Development Program, enjoyed the opportunity to learn from the speakers while in town, but was focused ahead on the 2014 season.
“I’m excited for the season to start,” said Urshela on Thursday. “I’ve been doing work outs and I’m heading back to Arizona after this. It feels great to work to reach my dreams. I’m playing the game that I love.”
Price, who was acquired with Justin Masterson and Nick Hagadone in the 2009 trade with Boston for Victor Martinez, reached Columbus last season after starting the year in Akron and is on the team’s 40-man roster.
“My goal is to help the Indians win at the Major League level. As far as big league Spring Training, I’m going in there to compete and that’s what they’ve asked of me,” said Price at the Lake County Hot Stove Dinner. “They’ve asked me to come out there and show them what I have. Hopefully that can lead to something, but that’s not for me to say. Worst case scenario, I start the year in Columbus and from there hopefully help out [in Cleveland] later on in the season.”
Cloyd, who was selected off of waivers from the Philadelphia Phillies at the end of last season and has a couple of years of big league experience, was re-signed in December to a minor league contract and invited to spring training.
“The biggest thing I’ve worked on this offseason is working on my pitches. Every year that is the thing I want to work on,” said Cloyd on Thursday. “I’ve changed little things mechanically that I thought would help me out to do that.
“I’ve been keeping in contact with some of the guys. I think I’ve talked with 15 different people from the time I signed with them until the time I came up here. They really haven’t said what they wanted from me. As far as I’m concerned, I’m just preparing myself to make a team, whatever team that is, to help win.”
While the players present were chomping at the bit to get their baseball seasons under way, they were not the only members of the organization to have the same urge. Several coaches and players from the Major League club have already headed to Arizona to begin their preparations.
Reliever Vinnie Pestano and Kipnis have already set up shop. Third baseman Lonnie Chisenhall shared on his Twitter account that he was heading to Arizona for an early start to his spring on Saturday. Pitching coach Callaway indicated on his Twitter account that he was following suit.
If that was not a sign enough that Spring Training was closing in, the Indians’ equipment trucks were loaded and on the road on Friday, complete with players’ equipment, clothes, workout gear, and personal effects, as well as Francona’s famed scooter.
Pitchers and catchers will report by February 11th. Their first work out is scheduled for February 13th. Position players are scheduled to report by February 15th with a full team workout planned for the 17th.
The Indians will open their spring schedule within the Cactus League at Goodyear Ballpark on February 26th against the Cincinnati Reds. The regular season opens in Oakland on March 31st and the home portion of the schedule begins on April 4th against the Minnesota Twins.
It may still feel far away, but the baseball season is upon us. After the city has reeled with disappointment after disappointment, starting with the AL Wild Card loss to Tampa Bay on October 2nd, all hope will once again return to the Indians to end 50 years of championship droughts in Cleveland.
Photo: AP Photo/Mark Duncan
Feature Story Giovanny Urshela Jesus Aguilar
Today in Tribe History: February 2, 1958
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Broncos trading Case Keenum to Redskins
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India vs Australia: Rohit Sharma makes unwanted record in second ODI
Rohit hasn't been in the best of form in his recent innings. He along with Shikhar Dhawan (21) played sensibly but just when it seemed good, Dhawan was adjudged leg before wicket off part-time spinner Glenn Maxwell in the ninth over with scoreboard reading 38 runs.
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Scrappy USA 'need to learn quickly' after England draw
And we didn't. There was too many technical errors, there was too many tactical lapses, there's just not tough enough really. Veteran forward Megan Rapinoe said the squad needs to do a better job controlling the game and keep its focus.
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In women's doubles, Victoria Azarenka won a title for the first time since giving birth to son Leo in December 2016, teaming with Zheng Saisai to beat third-seeded Guiiana Olmos and Desirae Krawczyk 6-1, 6-2. "But today I served well and just played the clutch points pretty well". "He's an incredible player and doesn't have many weaknesses, so I knew I had to play my style of tennis".
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Bucks, Eric Bledsoe Agree to Four-Year $70 Million Extension
He is averaging 15.7 points, 5.5 assists and 4.6 rebounds in 60 games in Milwaukee this season. Malcolm Brogdon had 21 points. The play was created to give LeBron James the ball and space to make an attack, but Walton said there was an error in his communication.
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Kentucky sent four defensive backs to the NFL Combine in Indianapolis and the Wildcats impressed the scouts in attendance. The group wrapped things up with on-field events, including the 40-yard dash, vertical and broad jumps, the three-cone drill along with some on-field work with receivers and tight ends.
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fsu.digital.flvc.org
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"Making It All Click": Reawakening Memory and African Identity Through the African Caribbean Dance Theatre.
Beckley, Lisa M., Gunderson, Frank, Olsen, Dale, Bakan, Michael B., College of Music, Florida State University
One of the most important roles of the online instructor is to insure successful teaching by keeping students' interactions and discussions focused on topic, adding knowledge and expertise, and maintaining group harmony. Therefore, the success of online learning depends on the instructors' ability to acquire new competencies, rather than mastering the technology. Despite the growth in online instructor competency related studies, there is a lack of research regarding the instructors' roles...
Show moreOne of the most important roles of the online instructor is to insure successful teaching by keeping students' interactions and discussions focused on topic, adding knowledge and expertise, and maintaining group harmony. Therefore, the success of online learning depends on the instructors' ability to acquire new competencies, rather than mastering the technology. Despite the growth in online instructor competency related studies, there is a lack of research regarding the instructors' roles and competencies from the distance learning students' perspective. This study was an attempt to explore distance learning students' perceptions of the roles and competencies defined by experts in the field. A comprehensive list of roles, outputs, and competencies of online instructors were provided to the students in order to rate the importance of each role and competency. It was the purpose of this study to compare the findings of this study with the findings of pervious studies. The population of this study included all distance learning graduate students (n = 328) currently enrolled in the School of Information Studies at Florida State University. Forty-two percent (n = 140) of the original student population of 328, completed and submitted the online survey. Roles and competencies were ranked by their importance; ranking was also achieved by taking the average of competency means across roles and competencies. Results for the top ten competencies in overall importance, based on highest mean rating are: Content Knowledge, Facilitation (discussion) Skills, Organizational Skills, Planning Skills, English Proficiency, Presentation Skills, Interpersonal Communication Skills, Learning Styles and Theory, Teaching Strategies/models, Skills with Internet Tools for Instruction. xiii The findings also determined that when compared to previous competency studies, there was a significant difference between students' perceptions and experts' perceptions regarding the most important online instructor competencies. Experts rated social competencies (interpersonal communication skills) number one in the list of top ten most important online instructor competencies; on the other hand, students rated intellectual competencies (content knowledge) number one in their list of top ten. However, both experts and students concurred regarding managerial competencies, because both rated at least four managerial skills in the list of top ten competencies. Distance learning students' responses indicated that instructors should give careful attention to the development and improvement of their intellectual, social, managerial, and technical roles and competencies. The importance of paying attention to the technical and managerial roles, in addition to intellectual and social competencies of the online instructor, were emphasized as critical factors for the success of discussion and interaction in the online environment. This dissertation has helped bridge the gap between the perceptions of distance education experts and distance learning students by providing a comprehensive list of important online instructors' roles and competencies. Due to the rate of change in technologies used to deliver instruction and related changes in higher education, it is recommended to do another study to identify more roles and competencies. This study should be expanded to include the perceptions of students in different disciplines and other countries.
FSU_migr_etd-1184
Actualizing the (Im)Possible in Community Musical Theater: An Ethnography of a Tallahassee, Florida Production of Titanic.
Bracken, Jillian L., Gunderson, Frank, Bakan, Michael B., Broyles, Michael, Buchler, Michael, College of Music, Florida State University
Community musical theater actively engages individuals in music-making and dramatic performances across the United States. Musical experiences in the realm of community musical theater afford individuals opportunities for meaningful musical and social interactions. This intensive study of music as a social activity chronicles the experiences of a community group in the southeastern United States as they present a production of Maury Yeston's blockbuster musical Titanic. Participants'...
Show moreCommunity musical theater actively engages individuals in music-making and dramatic performances across the United States. Musical experiences in the realm of community musical theater afford individuals opportunities for meaningful musical and social interactions. This intensive study of music as a social activity chronicles the experiences of a community group in the southeastern United States as they present a production of Maury Yeston's blockbuster musical Titanic. Participants' approaches to music-making on the community level, their reasons for involvement, and their view of the relationship between community and professional musical theater are discussed. This examination of community musical theater, which examines its ability to shape and influence the most fundamental aspects of its participants' lives, reveals the power of this compelling variety of musical and dramatic performance and its vital function in the larger community. My research focuses on influences that define or confine musical experience and interactions that come to shape these musical activities. Community musical theater is explored as an important activity that affords individuals opportunities to fulfill a need to be musical through self-exploration and collaboration in a social environment. Community musical theater participants are positioned at the crossroads of what Thomas Turino refers to as "the Possible" and "the Actual." The relationship between the Possible and the Actual is explored as it unfolds in three contexts: between community musical theater and Broadway, within the musical Titanic itself, and for the individual participant in community musical theater. This thesis reveals the power of actualizing possibilities in community musical theater and how the music at the heart of this experience is so meaningful to its participants.
Eclecticism and Ephemerality in Postwar Paris: The Ballets Suédois and the Art of the "Everyday".
Dunning, Amy L., Mathes, James, Atkins, Jennifer, Brewer, Charles E. (Charles Everett), Seaton, Douglass, Florida State University, College of Music, College of Music
Rolf de Maré’s Ballets Suédois was at the forefront of the Parisian avant-garde between 1920 and 1925. The company produced twenty-four distinctive, innovative works that challenged conventions of ballet and explored diverse modes of creative expression. Its goal was “to interpret modern life” through a synthesis of the arts, and in doing so, the company reflected the vitality and volatility of the postwar milieu. Primary sources reveal the considerable impact the Ballets Suédois had in its...
Show moreRolf de Maré’s Ballets Suédois was at the forefront of the Parisian avant-garde between 1920 and 1925. The company produced twenty-four distinctive, innovative works that challenged conventions of ballet and explored diverse modes of creative expression. Its goal was “to interpret modern life” through a synthesis of the arts, and in doing so, the company reflected the vitality and volatility of the postwar milieu. Primary sources reveal the considerable impact the Ballets Suédois had in its day, yet the company has been largely overlooked in scholarly research, mostly due to its brief lifespan and the shadow of Serge Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. This dissertation seeks to expand historical narratives of modernism in Paris in the early 1920s. It considers the vital role of the Ballets Suédois and its embrace of the art of the “everyday” in the wake of the Great War. It reveals that eclecticism and ephemerality are at the heart of the everyday aesthetic, and the Ballets Suédois and its oeuvre both extolled and embodied these concepts as viable artistic values. A multidisciplinary study of three selected works produced by the Ballets Suédois—La Boîte à joujoux (1921), Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel (1921), and Within the Quota (1923)—illuminates varied manifestations of the everyday among the company’s body of work. The primary focus in each case study is on the music, which was composed by Claude Debussy, members of Les Six, and Cole Porter, respectively. Essential elements of the music are examined through style analysis and discussed alongside aspects of the dance, visual art, scenario, and mise-en-scène, evidence for which comes from archival research conducted at the Dansmuseet in Stockholm, Sweden, and the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris, France. Furthermore, each ballet is considered within the larger context of the company’s vision, repertoire, and achievements. Ultimately, this dissertation addresses the significance of the art of the everyday, as well as the nature of the Ballets Suédois’ legacy. It demonstrates that the Ballet Suédois and its collaborators celebrated the realities of eclecticism, simultaneity, and ephemerality. They offered postwar audiences new perspectives on art and life during a period of great change. They elevated the art of life.
FSU_2016SU_Dunning_fsu_0071E_13430
If She Had Belonged to Herself: Female Vocality in Kurt Weill's Street Scene.
Milici, McKenna Tessa, Seaton, Douglass, Eyerly, Sarah, Fisher, Douglas L., Florida State University, College of Music
When Kurt Weill chose to compose a work based on Elmer Rice's play Street Scene (1929), he set out to create a new American operatic idiom crafted for the Broadway stage. Because Weill's writings about Street Scene (1947) are centered on the topic of genre, most of the scholarship on the work contends with this issue. Street Scene is also remarkable in the way it highlights the female experience in mid-century America. In the focus on Street Scene in the history of American opera, questions...
Show moreWhen Kurt Weill chose to compose a work based on Elmer Rice's play Street Scene (1929), he set out to create a new American operatic idiom crafted for the Broadway stage. Because Weill's writings about Street Scene (1947) are centered on the topic of genre, most of the scholarship on the work contends with this issue. Street Scene is also remarkable in the way it highlights the female experience in mid-century America. In the focus on Street Scene in the history of American opera, questions of the roles of women and Street Scene's relationship to American social history have been largely ignored. The characters in Street Scene exemplify a nuanced conception of male and female roles, which results in a commentary on and criticism of conventional gender dynamics. Among the topics explored in this show, gender dynamics may be the most potent. The female characters in Street Scene negotiate vocal spaces of expression and recognition. Multiple layers of character portrayals serve to expose a treacherous space in which female vocality is policed, truncated, and devalued. This emerges in the way the thoughts of the central female characters are interrupted and in how some of the most poignant musical expressions generate no response from the other characters onstage. Examining Street Scene through the lens of music as gendered discourse illuminates the ways in which this work highlights female experience, through both the affirmation and the negation of its characters' vocality. The New York City street of the show's title opens a space where the audience observes the public and private expression of female experience. These elements reflect a sensitive perspective on female voice and female agency in mid-twentieth-century American culture, a perspective not explored in other contemporary music theater productions. At a time when many people were concerned about a "woman problem," Street Scene centered its narrative on women who did not fit the conventional model of womanhood. Weill belittles ostensibly upstanding female community members in the music he wrote for female ensembles. Conversely, for the characters of Mrs. Maurrant and her daughter, Rose, he contextualized their story for his audience through sympathetic musical expressions. The audience's relationship with the leading women also hinges on the musical portrayal of the show's male characters, including a largely one-dimensional portrayal of the jealous husband, Frank Maurrant, and the choice to keep Mrs. Maurrant's lover in a non-singing role. The Maurrant women's voices possess a heightened form of expression, allowing them to be heard more acutely and with greater significance than the spoken word could afford. Although the content of their lyrics may indicate uncertainty about their futures or their senses of self, the music empowers their voices in song. But the feminist reader elated to hear the female condition communicated so significantly in Street Scene must also recognize the ways in which the show denies its female voices and removes its characters' agency as much as it offers them a vocal space. Mrs. Maurrant's neighbors consistently grant no value to her voice, whether they interrupt her speech, ignore the content of her song, or associate her with a voiceless character. Mrs. Maurrant's voice may transcend her pitiable circumstances, but the character herself remains trapped. Street Scene was situated in a historical time on the verge of change in the way women were conceptualized and discussed. The conflicting arguments surrounding the "woman problem" would soon be confronted directly by second-wave feminists, ushered in by authors such as Betty Friedan and Simone de Beauvoir. The issues in Street Scene are the same issues to which Friedan and Beauvoir responded. Street Scene reflects a social need that feminist literature would soon begin to meet. A crucial necessity for women belonging to themselves is to feel strength in their voices, from feeling comfortable enough to express their thoughts publicly to expecting that those who hear them will acknowledge their expression. Street Scene makes ignoring the female voice impossible. Street Scene gave its women a voice through music and its audiences a chance to hear them better and, consequently, to understand them.
Theses and Dissertations (4) + -
Music (3) + -
Dance (2) + -
Gender expression (1) + -
Gender identity (1) + -
Study and teaching (1) + -
Florida State University (4) + -
Bakan, Michael B. (2) + -
Gunderson, Frank (2) + -
Seaton, Douglass (2) + -
Atkins, Jennifer (1) + -
Beckley, Lisa M. (1) + -
Bracken, Jillian L. (1) + -
Brewer, Charles E. (Charles Everett) (1) + -
Broyles, Michael (1) + -
Buchler, Michael (1) + -
Dunning, Amy L. (1) + -
Eyerly, Sarah (1) + -
Fisher, Douglas L. (1) + -
Mathes, James (1) + -
Milici, McKenna Tessa (1) + -
Olsen, Dale (1) + -
FSU (4) + -
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Home Histories & Reports Fact Book 1999-2000
Fact Book 1999-2000
PREFACE j
The Fairfield University FACT BOOK, in its twenty-sixth year of production, is dedicated to
serving fiequent information needs and interests of administration, faculty and alumni. The design
of the publication attempts to offer concise, consistent, and relevant information on principal
characteristics and strengths of Fairfield University. A new page on retention was added in the
student section.
You are encouraged to offer suggestions for improvementof future issues.
My appreciation is extended to the many offices who assist me with the development of the
information. I especially want to acknowledge the assistance in the preparation of this document
fiom Kristyn Sbordone '03, my workstudy student, Sharon Kelly, my secretary, and to Peter
Sarawit in the Media Center who created the graphs.
Should additional copies be needed, please do not hesitate-toc. ontact my office.
Phyllis A. Fitzpatrick (email: Pfitzpatrick)
Director of Management Information
Canisius 300 Ext. 2774
Preface...........................................................................................
Table of Contents ................................................................... '...........
Mission Statement ..............................................................................
I. INSTITUTION.......................................................................
University Seal .........................................................................
Alma Mater and Fight Song ..........................................................
University Logo ........................................................................
Jesuit Colleges and Universities ......................................................
History..................................................................................
Presidents..............................................................................
. * Administration.........................................................................
Board of Trustees .....................................................................
. . Trustees Ementi .......................................................................
Honorary Degrees Awarded - Commencement...................................
Honorary Degrees Awarded and Special Ceremonies ...........................
Recipients of 50' ~nniversary~ e d a l..s...........................................
Accreditation and Memberships .....................................................
University Organizational Chart .....................................................
I1. STUDENTS...........................................................................
Full Timepart Time Undergraduate and Graduate Head Count ...............
Head Count by Division..............................................................
Undergraduate Head Count by School ..............................................
Full - Time Enrollment by Year and Gender .......................................
Enrollment Trend Graph ..............................................................
Graduate Head Count by School ....................................................
Summer Session Enrollment .........................................................
Full - Time Student Equivalent (FTE) .............................................
Full - Time Undergraduate Resident Status ........................................
2003 Class Profile .....................................................................
SAT Scores ...........................................................................
Undergraduate Admissions Trend ..................................................
Freshmen Data Trend Graph .........................................................
First - Time Freshmen Enrollment Trends .........................................
Upperclassmen by Majors ............................................................
Freshmen by Majors ............................................. :....................
Full - Time Enrollment by Geographical Region ..................................
Geographical Composite: Class of 2003 ..........................................
I1. STUDENTS cont'd PAGE
Ethnic Detail .Percentage of Enrollment Graph ..................................
Ethnic Detail .Undergraduate Enrollment Trend .................................
Ethnic Detail .Full .Time Undergraduates Graph ...............................
Ethnic Data .By Class ...............................................................
International Data .By Class ........................................................
Transfer Admissions Trend ...........................................................
Retention Data ..........................................................................
Graduation and Withdrawal Statistics ...............................................
Degrees Awarded .....................J ...............................................
DegreesAwarded Graph .............................................................
Athletics................................................................................
Bellarmine Award Recipients ........................................................
Loyola Award Recipients ............................................................
Fellowship Recipients ...............................................................
I11. FACULTY AND STAFF ...........................................................
Full .Time Equivalent Faculty .......................................................
Undergraduate Faculty ................................................................
Graduate Faculty .......................................................................
Teaching Faculty Graph ...............................................................
Faculty by School and Tenure Status ................................................
Undergraduate Faculty by Department, Rank & Gender..........................
Graduate Faculty by Program, Rank & Gender.....................................
Terminal Degrees by Granting Institution ............................................
Faculty by Highest Degree Earned and Rank ........................................
Faculty Emeriti ...........................................................................
Administrators Emeriti ..................................................................
Administrators with Faculty Rank ....................................................
Faculty Average Salary & Total Compensation .....................................
University Personnel Analysis .........................................................
IV. FINANCE...............................................................................
Tuition and Fee Schedule .............................................................
Operating Funds Trend Graph ........................................................
Statement of Revenues, Expenses & Other Changes ..............................
V. INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES...........................
Media Center ...........................................................................
Administrative Computing & Network Services ..................................
V. INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES cont'd PAGE
Nyselius Library Holdings ...........................................................
Nyselius Library Acquisitions .......................................................
Special Library Collections and Services ..........................................
VI. ALUMNI................................................................................
Fairfield University 1999 Alumni Board of Directors ............... ................
Geographical Distribution of Undergraduate Alumni ..............................
Alumni Statistics .........................................................................
Alumni by Country .....................................................................
Alumni Association Awards ............................................................
VII. DEVELOPMENT.....................................................................
Endowment Growth ...................................................................
Endowment Graph .....................................................................
Development Growth ..................................................................
Development Graph - Fiscal Year .....................................................
Development Graph .Unrestricted Funds ...........................................
VIII. FACILITIES...................................................................... .,.....
Fairfield University Campus Map ....................................................
University Buildings ...................................................................
Other Buildings on Property .........................................................
Classroom Usage Chart...............................................................
Classroom Usage Graph ..............................................................
FAIR FIELD UNI WRSITY
Fairfield University, founded by the Society of Jesus, is a coeducational institution of
higher learning whose primary objectives are to develop the creative intellectual potential
of its students and to foster in them ethical and religious values and a sense of social
responsibility. Jesuit Education, which began in 1547, is committed today to the service
of faith, of which the promotion of justice is iin absolute requirement.
Fairfield is Catholic in both tradition and spirit. It celebrates the God-given dignity of
every human person. As a Catholic university it welcomes those of all beliefs and
traditions who share its concerns for scholarship, justice, truth and freedom, and it values
the diversity which their membership bring to the university community.
Fairfield educates its students through a variety of scholarly and professional disciplines.
All of its schools share a liberal and humanistic perspective and a commitment to
excellence. Fairfield encourages a respect for all the disciplines -their similarities their
differences, and their interrelationships. In particular, in its undergraduate schools it
provides all students with a broadly based general education cumculum with a special
emphasis on the traditional humanities as a complement to the more specialized
preparation in disciplines and professions provided by the major programs. Fairfield is
also committed to the needs of society for liberally educated professionals. It meets the
needs of its students to. assume positions in this society through its undergraduate and
graduate professional schools and programs.
A Fairfield education is a liberal education, characterized by its breadth and depth. It
offers opportunities for individual and common reflection, and it provides training in such
essential human skills as analysis, synthesis, and communication. The liberally educated
person is able to assimilate and organize facts, to evaluate knowledge, to identify issues, to
use appropriate methods of reasoning and to convey conclusions persuasively in written
and spoken work. Equally essential to liberal education is the development of the esthetic
dimension of human nature, the power to imagine, to intuit, to create, and to appreciate.
In its fbllest sense liberal education initiates students at a mature level into their culture, its
past, its present and its future.
Fairfield recognizes that learning is a live-long process and sees the education which it
provides as the foundation upon which its students may continue to build within their
chosen areas of scholarly study or professional development. It also seeks to foster in its
students a continuing intellectual curiosity and a desire for self-education which will
extend to the broad range of areas to which they have been introduced in their studies.
As a community of scholars, Fairfield gladly joins in the broader task of expanding human
knowledge and deepening human understanding, and to this end it encourages and
supports the scholarly research and artistic production of its faculty and students.
Fairfield has a further obligation to the wider community of which it is a part, to share
with its neighbors its resources and its special expertise for the betterment of the
community as a whole. Faculty and students are encouraged to participate in the larger
community through service and academic activities. But most of all, Fairfield serves the
wider community by educating its students to be socially aware and morally responsible
persons.
Fairfleld University values each of its students as an individual with unique abilities and
potentials, and it respects the personal and academic freedom of all its members. At the
same time it seeks to develop a greater sense of community within itselc a sense that all of
its members belong to and are involved in the University, sharing common goals and a
common commitment to truth and justice, and manifesting in their lives the common
concern for others which is the obligation of all educated, mature human beings.
Fairfield's seal combines elements of its several traditions. The gold pine cones come
from the Bellarmine family coat of arms. Superimposed on them is the badge of the
Society of Jesus - the letters MS surmounted by the cross and surrounded by the
instruments of Christ's passion - to indicate that the University is in the care of members
of the same religious family. There are three compartments in the upper portion of the
shield, because "the school is dedicated and exists in the Name of the Father, and of the
Son, and of the Holy Spirit." The central compartment portrays a hart crossing a ford, a
part of the coat of arms of the Diocese of Hartford and an example of "canting armsyy
wherein the pronunciation of the symbol is the same as that of the bearer. Finally, the two
outer compartments show clusters of grapes, charges taken from the town seal and
symbolic of the fertility of the verdant fields of the Town and County of Fairfield.
Fairfield University's Motto "Per Fidem Ad Plenam Veritatem" translates to "Through
faith to full Truth."
The logo, unveiled in April, 1997, provides a visual identity to uni@ the University. The
key features of the logo are the name in New Baskerville type, with "Fait-field" in upper
and lower case letters and "UNIVERSITY" in all caps. The graphic of a shield features a
stag fording a stream and a flowing white banner with a cross, both extracted from a
section of the University seal: - That section-of the seal was created in tribute to the
Archdiocese of Hartford which assisted in the founding of the University since the stag or
hart, another name for a male deer, is crossing a ford or stream.
The University's alma mater opens with words: "Fairfield! See the stag with the cross of
gold rears once more its undefeated head. Fairfield, our field, as any field of old, bids our
banners, like our blood, be red." According to the "Dictionary of Subjects of Symbols" by
James Hall, the long flowing white flag bearing a red cross is the Christian symbol of
victory over death, the banner of the Resurrection.
The University seal will continue in use for official documents such as diplomas,
commencement programs and transcripts.
JESUIT COLLEGES AND UNZKERSITIES
Spring Hill College
St. Joseph's University
Loyola College in Maryland
Canisius College
St. Peter's College
University of Detroit Mercy
John Carroll University
Rockhurst College
Loyola Maryrnount University
Loyoly University
Wheeling Jesuit College
Mobile, Alabama
PRESIDENTS OF FAIRFIELD UNImRSITY
1. 1942 - 1944 Rev. John J. McEleney, S. J.
2. 1944 - 1951 Rev. JamesH. Dolan, S.J.
3. 1951 - 1958 Rev. Joseph D. FitzGerald, S.J.
4. 1958 - 1964 Rev. James E. FitzGerald, S.J.
5. 1964 - 1973 Rev. William C. McInnes, S.J.
6. 1973 - 1979 Rev. Thomas R. Fitzgerald, S.J.
7. 1979 - Rev. Aloysius P. Kelley, S. J.
Fairfield College of St. Robert Bellannine, Inc. purchased two adjoining estates in
Fairfield College-Preparatory School opened classes in a four-year program.
Fairfield University was chartered by the State of Connecticut to grant degrees.
First class of 303 male students was admitted to the College of Arts and Sciences.
College of Arts and Sciences was accredited by the State of Connecticut.
First summer session of undergraduate courses was held.
First graduate classes in education were held on a coeducational basis.
Education Program for teacher certification was accredited by the State of Connecticut.
First Graduation Class.
Fairfield University was admitted to hlly accredited membership in the New
England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools.
Graduate Department of Education became the Graduate School of Education.
Graduate School of Corporate and Political Communication opened.
Women were admitted to all undergraduate programs.
Undergraduate School of Nursing admitted its first class.
Center for Lifetime Learning offered its first courses.
Graduated first class of women.
Connecticut Center for Continuing Education became part of the University.
School of Business was established.
School of Continuing Education was established.
School of Business offered its first Master of Science degree program in Financial
Graduate School of Education and Allied Professions merged with School of
Continuing Education to form School of Graduate and Continuing Education.
The School of Graduate and Continuing Education was separated into two
schools: The School of Continuing Education and the Graduate School of Education and
Allied Professions.
Acquired the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur property.
Graduate School of Communication closed.
Acquired Bridgeport Engineering Institute. Masters of Science in Nursing and
Masters in Business Administration Program offered.
Accepted into Phi Beta Kappa.
Granted accreditation into American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business.
Masters of Arts offered in American Studies.
Master of Science offered in Management of Technology and in Software Engineering.
School of Engineering becomes a separate undergraduate school.
FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRA TION
Aloysius P. Kelley, S. J., Ph.D. .................................. President
Charles H. Allen, S.J., M.A.. ........................... Executive Assistant to the
Paul E. Canier, S. J., Ph.D.. .............................University Chaplain
Orin L. Grossman, Ph.D.. ........................................ Acting Academic Vice President
Mary Frances Malone, Ph.D.. ............................Associate Academic Vice President
R. Edwin Wilkes, M.A.. ................................Associate Academic Vice President
for Enrollment Planning
Beverly L. Kahn, Ph.D................................. ..Acting Dean, College of Arts and
Georgia F. Day, Ph.D.. .................................. .Assistant Academic Vice President
Walter G. Ryba, Ph.D.. ....................................Dean, School of Business
Evangelos Hadj imichael, Ph.D ......................... Dean, School of Engineering
Margaret C. Deignan, Ph.D.. ............................Dean, Graduate School of Education
and Allied Professions
Anne M. Manton Ph.D.. ..................................Acting Dean, School of Nursing
Edna F. Wilson, Ph.D.. ................................... Dean, School of Continuing
Robert C. Russo, M.A.. .................................. University Registrar
L. William Miles, M.S.. ............................................Vice President for Administration
Stephen P. Jakab, M.A.. .................................. .Associate Vice President
Richard I. Taylor, B.S., C.E.. .............................Assistant Vice President and
Director of Campus Operations
William J. Lucas, M.B.A.. ........................................ .Vice President for Finance and
Michael S. Maccarone, M. S.. .......................... Assistant Vice President for
Finance and Controller
James A. Estrada, M.S., L.S.. ......................................Vice President for Information
Resources and Services and
University Librarian
William P. Schimpf, M.Ed.. ...................................... Vice President for Student Services
James D. Fitzpatrick, M.A.. ............................. Assistant Vice President for
Student Services Operations
Gwendolyn M. Vendley, Ed.D.. ..........................Assistant Vice President and
George E. Diffley, M.A.. ............................................Vice President for University
Fredric C. Wheeler, M.P. A.. ............................. Associate Vice President for
Douglas J. Whiting, B.A.. ................................ Associate Vice President for
FMRFIELD UNIVERSITY
Mr. Joseph F. Berardino '72
Mr. James J. Bigham '59
Patrick J. Carolan, MD '59
E. Gerald Corrigan, Ph.D '63
Mr. James M. Cotter '64
AttomeyPartner
Mr. Joseph A. DiMenna, Jr. '80
Mr. Charles F. Dolan
Mr. William P. Egan '67
General Partner
Mr. Daniel R. Finn, Jr. '66
Mr. Mario J. Gabelli
Mr. Vincent A. Gierer, Jr.
Chairman, CEO and President
Rev. L. Edward Glynn, S. J.
Mr. Sylvester Green
Executive Vice President and Managing Director
Mr. Charles E. Hanley
Ms. Marian L. Heard M '95
Rev. Otto H. Hentz, S.J.
Associate Professor of Theology
Mr. Paul J. Huston '82
Rev. Aloysius P. Kelley, S. J.
Arthur Andersen LLP
Merritt Orthopedic Associates
Goldman Sachs and Company
Simpson Thacher and Bartlett
Zweig-DiMenna Associates LLC
Cablevision Systems Corp.
Bethpage, New York
Burr, Egan, Deleage and Company
Louis Dreyfus Energy Corporation
Wilton, Connecticut
Gabelli Funds, Incorporated
Rye, New York
UST Incorporated
Chubb and Son, Incorporated
Warren, New Jersey
Thomas C. Wilson, Incorporated
United Way of Massachusetts Bay
Liberty Capital Partners, Incorporated
Rev. Charles F. Kelley, S. J.
Mr. Ned C. Lautenbach
Ms. Kathi P. Loughlin '80
Mr. Roger M. Lynch '63*
Retired Partner
Mr. Joseph D. Macchia '57
President, Chairman and CEO
Rev. Arthur R. Madigan, S.J.
Visiting Professor of Philosophy
Rev. J. Thomas McClain, S. J.
Mr. William A. McIntosh
Mr. John C. Meditz '70
Ms. Diane Oakley '75
Mr. Thomas C. Quick '77
President and COO
Mr. Lawrence C. Rafferty '64
Ms. Mary D. Reynolds '79
Ms. Rosellen W. Schnurr '74
Ms. Elisabeth H. Schwabe ,'74
Ms. Carolyn Vermont-Fuller '82 M'84
Mr. Francis T. Vincent, Jr.
* Chairman of the Board
Boston College High School
Clayton, Dubilier and Rice, Incorporated
Loughlin Creative, Incorporated
Goldman, Sachs and Company
Reliant American
Milwaukee, Wisconson
Regis High School
Kenilworth, Illinois
Horizon Asset Management
Quick and ReillylFleet Securities, Incorporated
Rafferty Companies, LLC
White Plains, New York
New York,. New York
The Salisbury School
Salisbury, Connecticut
Chase Securities, Incorporated
P.E.A.R.L.
Vincent Enterprises, Incorporated
HONORARY DEGREES A WARDED
COMMENCEMENT 1951 - 1999
1951: commencement. June 12
Most Reverend Henry J. O'Brien, D.D. - Doctor of Laws
Most Reverend William R. Arnold, D.D. - Doctor of Laws
Most Reverend John J. McEleney, S.J., D.D. - Doctor of Laws
The Honorable J. Howard McGrath - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
1952: Commencement, June 10
Most Reverend Monsignor Joseph Francis Domelly-Doctor of Laws
The Honorable Charles Malik - Doctor of Laws
Reverend Edward Bernard Rooney, S.J. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Frank Daniel Whalen - Doctor of Laws
1953: Commencement. June 9
Most Reverend John Francis Hackett, D.D. - Doctor of Laws
Raymond Earl Baldwin - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Margaret Veronica Kiely - Doctor of Laws
James Milton O'Neil - Doctor of Humane Letters
1954: Commencement, June 8
Most Reverend Joseph Lawrence Shehan, D.D. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Abraham Ribicoff - Doctor of Laws
Most Reverend Bernard J. Flanagan, D.D. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Joseph Sullivan - Doctor of Laws
John Peter Hagan - Doctor of Science
Henry Michael Hogan - Doctor of Laws
Thomas Dresser White - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Reverend John J. Collins, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Herman Wfiam Steinlcraus - Doctor of Laws
Right Reverend Monsignor Cornelius P. Tuelings - Doctor of Humane Letters
Francis James Braceland - Doctor of Science (Speaker)
Most Reverend Walter Wfiam Curtis, S.T.D. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Right Reverend Monsignor John H. Anderson, D.D., P.A -
Doctor of Laws
WfiamJoseph Sanders - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Sir Alexander Bustamante, K B. - Doctor of Laws
Paul Horgan - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Wfiam Conley - Doctor of Laws
Richard Cardinal Cushing - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Thomas Dodd - Doctor of Laws
Henry W. Littlefield - Doctor of Laws
John Dempsey - Doctor of Laws
James Vmcent Joy - Doctor of Laws
John Courtney Murray - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Marion Anderson - Doctor of Humane Letters
Igor Ivan Sikorsky - Doctor of Science
Howard Thomas Owens - Doctor of Laws '
Right Reverend Monsignor John Joseph Toomey - Doctor of Laws
Donald Henry McGannon - Doctor of Humane Letters
William Sumner Sirnpson - Doctor of Public Service
Edward John Steichen - Doctor of Fine Arts
Roger Tory Peterson - Doctor of Science
Edward Bennett Wiams - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Homer Daniels Babbidge, Jr. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Arsene Croteau - Doctor of Humane Letters
Peter Carl Goldmark - Doctor of Science
Dana Lyda Famsworth - Doctor of Science
J. Gerald Phelan - Doctor of Arts
Theodore Chaikin Sorensen - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Robert Penn Warren - Doctor of Hurnane Letters
Amos Wiven Wdder - Doctor of Theology
Kenneth Burke - Doctor of Humane Letters
Most Reverend Harold Robert Perry, S.V.D. - Doctor of Laws
Edmund m t h Williamson - Doctor of Arts (Speaker)
Korczak Ziolkowski - Doctor of Arts
1971: Commencement, May 30
John Whittaker Christensen - Doctor of Science
Alvin Christian Eurich - Doctor of Humane Letters
Harrison Edward Farnsworth - Doctor of Science
Alexander Kipnis - Doctor of Fine Arts
Morris King Udall - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Joseph Hoffer Blatchford - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Lawrence Warren Pierce - Doctor of Laws
Max Tishler - Doctor of Science
Sidney P. Marland, Jr. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Rene Jules Dubos - Doctor of Science
James Warren Birkenstock - Doctor of Laws
Samuel Dash - Doctor of Civil Law (Speaker)
William Styron - Doctor of Humane Letters
John Joseph Sullivan - Doctor of Public Service
Reverend Wtlliam Charles McInnes, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Richard Peter McKeon - Doctor of Humane Letters
Reverend Theodore Martin Hesburgh - Doctor of Public Service
John Joseph Sirica - Doctor of Civil Law (Speaker)
Samuel Waller Hawley - Doctor of Public Service
Robert PaulRamsey - Doctor of Humane Letters
Dean Rusk - Doctor of Civil Law (Speaker)
Vincent Albert Ciami, Jr. - Doctor of Public Service (Speaker)
Wiam Homer Timbers - Doctor of Civil Law
Reverend James H Coughh, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Evelyn Kennedy - Doctor of Public Service
Stewart B. McKinney - Doctor of Public Service (Speaker)
Arthur Miller - Doctor of Humane Letters
Ella Grasso - Doctor of Public Service
Reverend Bernard Joseph Francis Lonergan, S. I. - Doctor of Humane Letters
George Wiam Miller - Doctor of Public Administration (Speaker)
w i a m L. Hawkins - Doctor of Humane Letters
David W.P. Jewitt - Doctor of Laws
Reverend George Stirling Mahan, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Reverend Joseph A O'Hare, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Reverend Joseph A Fitrmyer, S. I. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Serena S. Merck - Doctor of Laws
Reverend Bruce Ritter, O.F.M. - Doctor of Laws
Alexander M. Haig, Jr. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Wfiam Joseph Dorfer, Jr. - Doctor of Laws
Reverend Thomas R Fitzgerald, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Jason Nelson Robards - Doctor of Humane Letters
Andrew Clark Sigler - Doctor of Laws
Margaret Ann Farley - Doctor of Humane Letters
Francis Joseph McNamara, Jr. - Doctor of Laws
Elie Wiesel - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Robert M Hayes - Doctor of Laws
Ted Koppel - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Martha Elizabeth Rogers - Doctor of Science
Lawrence Arthur Wien - Doctor of Laws
Arvin Brown - Doctor of Humane Letters
Reverend George W. MacRae, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Governor Wfiam O'Neill - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
SisterMary Consolata O'Connor, RS.M - Doctor of Humane Letters
Dr. Robert Coles - Doctor of Humane Letters
Dith Pran - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
Reverend Wfiam Wallace, O.P.- Doctor of Humane Letters
1987: Commencement, Mav 18
Reverend Lawrence A Burke, S.J. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) '
Alphonsus J. Donahue - Doctor of Laws
Lucille Lortel - Doctor of Humane Letters
Reverend David W. Tracy - Doctor of Humane Letters
Reverend Timothy Healy, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
GeraldineW. Johnson - Doctor of Laws
Ernest M Lorch - Doctor of Laws
George F. Taylor - Doctor of Laws
Leonard Bernstein - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Clara McBride Hale - Doctor of Laws
L. William Miles - Doctor of Laws
John J. Phelan - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Fortune Pope - Doctor of Laws
Willie H. R . -Doctor of Humane Letters
W f i h M. Joel - Doctor of HumaneLetters (Speaker)
Judge Ellen Bree Bums - Doctor of Laws
Reverend Martin McCarthy, S. J. - Doctor of Science
Paul Volcker - Doctor of Laws
John A Barone - Doctor of Science
Thomas Edmund Aquinas Carew -Doctor of Laws
Harold W. McGraw, Jr. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Carmen F. Donnarumrna- Speaker
Ann Woodruff Compton - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Reverend I.Bryan Hehir - Doctor of Humane Letters
James Dewey Watson - Doctor of Science
E. Gerald Conigan - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
John J. Higgins, S.J. - Doctor of Laws
Robert Conover Macauley - Doctor of Laws
Archbishop Rembert G. Weakland, O.S.B. - Doctor of Laws
Jean Kennedy Smith - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
JacquelynC. Durrell - Doctor of Laws
Marian L. Heard - Doctor of Laws
M e d C. Karnrner, S.J. - Doctor of Laws
1996: Commencement May 19
Harris Wofford - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Milton J. Hinton - Doctor of Humane Letters
George W. Hunt, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters
Dorothy Bannow Larson - Doctor of Laws
Thomas John Brokaw - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
Lawrence E. Doby - Doctor of Laws
George Burton Harvey - Doctor of Laws
Elizabeth Marie P£iiem - Doctor of Laws
Carole Simpson - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker)
David E.A. Carson - Doctor of Laws
Thomas F. Banchoff - Doctor of Science
Mark D. Gearan - Doctor of Laws (Speaker)
James L. Connor, S. J. - 'Doctor of Humane Letters
Gustav Meier - Doctor of Laws
Leslie C. Quick, Jr. - Doctor of Laws
SPECIAL CErPEMONIES
1964: Shakespeare Convocation, Spring
Dame Judith Anderson - Shakespearean Actress
George Bagshawe Harrison - sl$kespearean Scholar
Elliot Norton - Drama Critic
Joseph Vemer Reed - Director, American Shakespeare Theater
Margaret Webster - Producer
1965: Dante Celebration, Fall
Eva LeGalliene - Actress
Thomas G. Bergin - Yale Dante Scholar
Dr. Sergio Fenoalte. - Italian Ambassador to the U.S.
1966: Spanish Festival, Fall
Jose Greco - Flamenco Dancer
Hon. John D. Lodge - Former U.S. Ambassador to Spain
Juan Serrano- Flamenco Guitarist
Marquis de Meny del Val - Spanish Ambassador to the U.N.
1967: A Salute to Opera, Fall
Licia Albanese - Opera Singer
Dr. Denis Stevens1operaSinger
Norman Treigle - Opera Singer
1968: American Music, Fall
David W. Brubeck - Pianist
Aaron Copland - Composer/PianistM70nductor
Richard Rodgers - Composer
VigilThomson - Music Critic
1969: Black American Culture, Fall
Gordon Parks - Photo-Journalist, Director
BiUy Taylor - Jazz Pianist
James Earl Jones - Actor
1970: Beethoven Spring Festival, Spring
David Manning Keiser - Pianist
Joseph WfiedKermen - Musicologist
Tossy Spivakovsky - Violinist
1971: Outstandine Women, Fa11
Sarah Caldwell - Opera Irnpressario
Ruby Dee - Actress
Anne Sexton - Poetess
Margaret Chase Smith - U.S. Senator
1995: Bellarmine Medal of Honor. October 26
Cokie Roberts - Congressional Correspondent for ABC News
1996: John LaFar~eS. .J. Award. January 18
Dr. Michael Dyson, Human Rights Author
1996: Multicultural Convocation. September 9
Dr. Evelyn Hu-DeHart - Professor of History, University of Colorado
Director of the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America
1996: Bellarmine Medal of Honor. October 7
Jean-Bertrand Aristide - Former President of Haiti
1997: John LaFar~eS. .J. Award, January 29
Julian Bond, Civil Rights Leader
1997: .Multicultural Convocation, September 5
Rev. Gregory C. Chisholm, S.J., Assistant Professor,
University of Detroit-Mercy and Fairfield University Trustee
1998: Multicultural Convocation. September 18
Jonathan Kozol, Author
1999: Mul~ticulturaCl onvocation. October 18
Maria Hinojosa, Journalist with CNN
RECIPIENTS OF soTHANNIWRSAR Y MEDALS
Louis F. Bantle*
Dr. John A. Barone and Mrs. Rose Marie Pace Barone*
Dorothy Bennett*
James W. Birkenstock*
Frances C. Brennan***
Robert J. Brennan, Jr. A765, P'91, '93*
Patrick J. Carolan A'59, P'85, '89*
Dr. E. Gerald Corrigan A'63*
Rev. James Coughlin, S.J.*
Charles F. Dolan P'85, '86*
Terrence M. Donahue**
Professor Carmen F. Donnarumma P'73, '75*
Rev. Charles Duffy, S.J.***
Jacky DurrelI***
William P. Egan A '67*
Rev. Anthony Eiardi, S .J.*
Frank V. Feroleto A '5 1 ***
Rev. Thomas Fitzgerald, S.J.***
Ernil Garofalo**
Helen Gilhuly***
Veronica Gleason*
Arthur J. Hedge, Jr. P '91 **
David W.P. Jewitt*
Bishop Alfred Jolson, S.J.**
W~lliamJ. Kramer A '60, P '83,'85,'96*
* Conferred by University
** Conferred by Prep
**"Conferred Jointly by University and Prep
Mliations indicated pertain to University only.
Rev. Laurence Langguth, S. J. *
Rev. Victor Leeber, S. J.*
Roger M. Lynch A '63 *
Rev. George Mahan, S.J.***
Rev. Thomas A. McGrath, S.J.*
Rev. William McInnis, S.J.*
Thomas E. McKinney A '72*
L. William Miles P '84, '85, '95*
Rev. Thomas A. Murphy, S. J.**
Dr. Vincent Murphy*
Robert M. Owens***
Albert Paolini**
John G. Phelan P '89"""
Leslie C. Quick, Jr. P '77, '79, '82*
Ruth Lampland Ross*
Dr. Robert D. Russo, Sr.*
Dr. John P. Sachs, P '79*
Miriam Slater*
Professor Chester Stuart*
John J. Sullivan***
Robert Sylvester**
Dr. Carmen A. Tortora P '8 1**
Mr. Robert Trudel**
Patrick J. Waide, Jr. A '59*
Thomas J. Walsh, Jr. P '78, '88*
ACCREDITATION AND MEMBERSHIPS OF THE UNIVERSITY
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology
American Association for Mamage and Family Therapy
American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business
American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation
Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
National League for Nursing
New England Association of Schools and Colleges
State of Connecticut Board of Examiners for Nursing
State of Connecticut Department of Education
State of Connecticut Department of Higher Education
American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business
American Association for Higher Education
American Association of Colleges and Universities
American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education
American Council for Higher Education
American Council on Education
American Society for Engineering Education
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Association of Continuing Higher Education
Association of Independent Liberal Arts Colleges for Teacher Education
Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities
Connecticut Association of Colleges and Universities for Teacher Education
Connecticut Conference of Independent Colleges
Connecticut Council for Higher Education
Connecticut League for Nursing
Council for the Advancement and Support of Education
National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities
New England Business and Economic Association
New England Conference on Business Administration
North American Association of Summer Sessions
Northeast Business and Economic Association
Fairfield University Organizational Chart
VlCE PRESIDENT VlCE PRESIDENT
FOR FINANCE FOR UNIVERSITY
AND TREASURER ADVANCEMENT
oEvEL.lMENT WMAN -- FAClkTY A T W R C
WRCHASINO - CONTROLLER ALUMNI REmTI(*(s - RESWRCES REPRESENTATIVE
RISK MANAOEMMT -- ATMETICS AND INSURANCE RECARNEDAT ION INVESTMENTS - ACCWNTINO ADRVEASNECAERMCHEW -- ANNUAL OlVlNQ
FlMNClAL REPORTINO - BURSAR PUBLIC RELATIONS = - MAJOR OIFTS
LEOAL AND - CASH PVBLICATYY(O - - CORPORATIONS
CONTRACTS MAMOEMENT
- ENEMY - P A m a L PRlNTlNO A ORAPHlC - - MAMOEMENT FWMIATIONS
- BVWET SPORTS - - DESVEERLOVIPCMEESN T
ADMINISTRATH INFORMATION
AMlTlNO SPECIAL EVENTS -' PI-ANNED OlVlNO
ORANTS CONTRU
MANAOEMENT
INFORMATH
SEPTEMBER lDOQ
ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT
UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE HEAD COUNT
Underpraduate* Graduate
Fall FT PT Total -FT PT Total
*includes School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering credit students
LZP
ZLC
S9Z
9LZ
S €2
HEAD COUNT BY DIVISION
Fall Graduate Total
1980 97 1 5,062
1981 939 5,131
1983 1,040 5,242
UNDERGRADUATE HEAD COUNT BY SCHOOL
Fall Arts & Sciences
1975 * 2,537
School of
School of Total
Enpineering Undereraduate
*in subsequent years part-time students are registered through the School of Continuing Education
A Does not include Visiting Students
Continuing Education* School of Engineering**
Fall Full-Time Part-Time Total Full-Time Part-Time Total
1971 - - -
1977 48 69 1 739
*credit students
**merged-with airfield University on August 1, 1994
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERLNG
FULL-TIME ENROLLMENT BY YEAR AND GENDER
Year Men Women Total
Freshmen 395 453 848 *
Sophomore 381 477 858
Junior 339 385 724
Total Full-
Time Students
* 837 are first-time full time Freshmen
lUndergraduate Headcount UUndergraduate FTE*
oGraduate Headcount BGraduate FTE*
* FTE = Full Time Equivalent
GRADUATE HEAD COUNT BY SCHOOL
Graduate School of School of Business
Education & Allied Professions*
Financial Business
Fall** Full-Time Part-Time Total Manapement Administration
1970 66 1,325 1,391
1972 5 1 1,32 1 1,372
*1982-86 Graduate Education was included in School of Graduate and Continuing Education
**Please see early editions of Fact Book for years 1965-69
School of College of School of
Nursing Arts & Sciences Engineering
Masters American Management Software
Fall Propram Studies of Technolow Engineering
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FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT*
Pall Under~raduate Graduate Total
1965 1,401 316 1,717
1969 1,843 474 2,3 17
* includes School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering credit students
69-5961 sleah JOJ yooa 1 3 qJO suoylpa Lpa aas aseald,,
*sluapwsa luq-lltg a n o q s~~ o s p i~lepH ~Iu ap!saa gp 8urpnlau1,
8~2'2
ooe'z
Enrolled on October 1, 1999 *
COLLEGE BOARDS (MEAN)
HIGH SCHOOL DECILES **
First Decile
Second Decile
Third Decile
Fourth Decile
Fifth Decile
Below Fifth Decile
SAT MATH MID 50% RANGE
SAT VERBAL MID 50% RANGE
No SAT
WOMEN TOTAL
Verbal Math
4 % 4 %
Presidents of the National Honor Society
National Merit Commended Students
Student government Presidents or class Presidents
Editors of school newspaper or yearbook
Recognized for academic excellence and commitment
to community through Book Awards
Bo ys1Girls State representatives
Awarded Hugh O'Brien Youth Leadership Awards
* First-Time Freshmen
**Deciles of those reporting; Class rank not available for 40% of class.
MEAN SAT SCORES
-Class
Business --
-Totals
Arts & Average Arts & Average Combined
Class Sciences Nursing Business Verbal Sciences Nursing Business Math Totals
1994 529 462 509 521 585 501 60 1 586 1- 107
1995 519 472 494 509 571 514 582 570 1079
2000 560 523 542 552 555 515 563 555 1107 **
2001 567 532 548 561 568 5 18 572 567 1128
*Although the School of Nursing opened in 1970, separate admissions statistics were not kept until Fall 1974 which is the
Class of 1978.
**Recentered
UNDERGRADUATEADMISSIONS TREND
Applications Received Persons Admitted
Fall Nursing Business S Nursing Business
1970 - - - - -
Freshmen Enrolled
Total A& NursingBusinessm
1,346 - - - 698
1,359 - - 703
1,43 8 - - - 723
1,470 70 1 46 - 747
1,54 1 717 44 - 76 1
1,687 704 44 - 748
1,966 540 51 23 1 822
1,796 468 52 184 704
UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS TREND
Applications Received Persons Admitted Freshmen Enrolled
A&S Nursing Business Total A&S Nursing Business Total A&S Nursing Business Total
3,609 245 95 1 4,805 2,565 174 681 3,420 61 1 70 189 870 **
3,475 285 1,024 4,784 2,446 184 716 3,346 548 49 184 781 **
3,3 98 244 953 4,595 2,594 18 1 728 3,503 571 49 186 806 **
3,445 232 1,164 4,841 2,425 170 830 3,425 532 43 223 798 ** ;
3,702 228 1,323 5,253 2,602 172 979 3,75 3 575 43 273 891 **
3,849 179 1,580 5,608 2,558 128 1,014 3,700 588 29 258 875
* Although the School of Nursing opened in 1970, separate admission statistics were not kept until 1974
** Non first-time freshman are included in count. See next page for detail.
***Please see early editions of Fact Book for years 1965-69
Freshmen Data
mFirst Quintile* 0First Decile** UConnecticut Residency
* Students in top 1/5 of high school graduating class
** Students in top 1/10 of high school graduating class
FIRST TIMIE FRESHMEN DATA
Class 01-0ct First Time Non-First Time Freshmen
Fall Year Enrollment Freshmen Transfers Readmit StatusChp*
*includes changes from School of Continuing Education
UPPERCLASSMEN BY MAJORS*
Fall 1995to 1999
Collepe of Arts & Sciences
Mod. Languages & Literature
Psychology B.A.
Sociology & Anthropology
Psychology B.S.
School of Enpineering
*All classes excluding Freshmen
FRESHMEN BY MAJORS
Commuuication
Modern Languages & Literature
Liberal Arts Undeclared
Total Arts & Sciences
Business Undeclared
Total Business
*837 are first-time Freshmen
FULL-TIME ENROLLMENT BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION
New Eneland
Connecticut 91 1 904 906 891 830
Maine 19 9 8 7 12
Massachusetts 434 462 475 528 563
New Hampshire 3 1 38 37 44 46
Rhode Island 59 62 59 58 64
Vermont -14 -16 -14 -17 -16
Total New England
Total Middle Atlantic 1,301 1,33 1 1,368 1,434 1,400
Other States 139 139 153 130 161
Foreign Countries 40 59 56 53 53
U.S. Territories -8 -11 -10 -7 -6
Total Other Regions 187 209 219 190 220
Total Full Time
Enrollment: 2,956 3,03 1 3,086 3,169 3,151
Source: University Registrar's October 1 Statistical Report
GEOGRAPHICAL COMPOSITE
CLASS OF 2003*
Arizona Michigan
Cali fomia Minnesota
Colorado New Hampshire
Connecticut New Jersey
,Delaware New York
District of Columbia Ohio
Florida Pennsylvania
Georgia Puerto Rico
Illinois Rhode Island
Kentucky Tennessee
Maine Texas
Maryland Virginia
Massachusetts Wisconsin
Brazil India
El Salvador Ireland
England Peru
Guatamala Spain
* First time Freshmen
Ethnic Detail
% of Undergraduate Enrollment '89 - '99
Academi'c Year
ACADEMIC YEAR ETHNIC DETAIL*
FULL-TIME UNDERGRADUATES
Asian or
Black Native Pacific Percent of
Fall Non-Hispanic American Islander Hispanic Multi-Ethnic Total Enrollment
1976 61 - 10 54 125 4.7
1978 5 1 - 3 37 91 3.3
Percent of
Enrolkment 2.8% 0.2% 2.7% 3.7% 0.4%
*As reported in the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEG1S)-
Fall Enrollment requiring ethnic detail every two years until 1986.
**HEGIS surveys became IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education System Surveys)
and required that ethnic data be reported annually.
ETHNIC DATA BY CLASS
Multi- Native
Ethnic Asian Afro-Amer Hispanic American Total
TOTAL 14(6/8) 85(35/50) 88(45143) 117(53/64) 5(2/3) 309(141/168)
4.53% 27.50% 28.47% 37.86% 1.61% 9.8 1 %
Undergraduate Enrollment 3 15 1
NON-RESIDENT ALIEN*
Visiting Students 6
Class of 2003 -6
Class of 2002 5
Undergraduate Day Total 29
EngineeringISCE
*Full Time Undergraduate Students represent 30 countries. All students represent 40 countries.
Does not include Permanent Resident students.
TRANSFERADMISSIONS TREND
Fall Spr*
Acceptances
55**
Admitted As Second
Semester Freshmen
Enrollment Yield 53% 52% 63% 34% 41% 50% 49% 38% 51% 50% 53% 45% 62%
* In addition, 6 first-time freshmen were enrolled for Spring 99
* In addition, 2 first-time freshmen were enrolled for Spring 98, of which one went to SCE
* In addition, 1 first-time freshman was enrolled for Spring 97
** Includes 1 student who changed to part time
RETENTION DA TA
Returned Returned Returned Graduated Graduated Graduated
Class FTF* 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years
* First Time Freshmen - Original Cohort
**Retention Data not calculated prior to Fall of 1994 (Class of 1998).
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & SCHOOL OF NUMING
GRADUATION & MTHDRA WAL STATISTICS*
Freshmen Graduates Graduates Graduates Total Still
Class Admitted IzQuLkS EkAkS Six Years Graduab ,lhmkd
P P P P P P P P P P P P
I I h ) h ) V I * O \ W u l W i ] O \ c - r t -
$ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
DEGREES A WARDED
BS Arts& Bachelors Bachelors Masters Masters Masters Masters Adv. Studies
Year 88 E n Sciences Business* Nursing Education Comm Business Nursing Education Honorary**
Total 138 115 18,420 4,974 1,272 7,573 1,010 332 54 2,142 199 ***
* the School of Business awarded its first degrees as a separate school (1979)
**Includes 4 Honorary degrees awarded at the University Convocation, November 8, 1984 (1985)
***Includes 33 Honorary degrees awarded at Festivals 1964- 1972
- -- -
INTERCOLLEGIATE TEAMS
Record Athletes Record Athletes
Baseball 23W-23L 31 Women's Lacrosse 8 W - 8 L 24
Men's Basketball 12W-15L 15 Women's Crew ** ## 36
Women's Basketball 12W-15L 13 Men's Soccer # 15W-4L-1 24
Men's Cross Country ## 15 Women's Soccer # 18W - 2L 21
Women's Cross Country ## 13 Softball 26W-30L 18
Field Hockey * 14W - 8L 22 Men's SwirnmingDiving 0 W - 12 L 17
Football ** # 9W-2L 110 ; Women's SwimmingDiving 3 W - 8 L 31
Men's Golf ** ## 12 1 Men's Tennis 8 W - 7 L 7
Women's Golf ** ## 12 Women's Tennis l o w - 8 L 7
Ice Hockey * 1W-31L 30 Volleyball 35W -2L 10
Men's Lacrosse l o w - 7L 39 1 I
* NonMAACSports , # Also sponsored ajunior varsity team as of 98-99
Varsity Student-Athlete Graduation Rate: For student-athletes who were recruited and received an athletic grant-in-aid
scholarships upon entering college: 74% for those who entered in 1992-93. 83% - Four Class Average. Student Athletes
entering from 1983-1993: Graduation Rate 99% (Source: Official NCAA 1998 Graduation Rate Report) .
Conference Affiliations: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) - Division I, Metro Atlantic Athletic
Conference (MAAC), Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), Patriot League (Field Hockey only).
Athletic Department Support Services: Sports Medicine, Sports Information, Programs for Student-Athletes (Academic
Counseling), S.T.A.G.S. Program, Student-Athlete Advisory Committee, Faculty Athletic Committee. I
Athletic Development: Lyons-Lademan Athletic Fund I
, I I
1998-99 Athletic Accomplishments: Women's Golf - MAAC Champions; Men's Lacrosse - ECAC Champions;
Women's Soccer - MAAC Champions, NCAA Tournament Qualifiers; Women's Volleyball - MAAC Champions,
NCAA Tournament Qualifiers; Football - MAAC Champions; Women's Lacrosse - MAAC Champions; 1
Women's MAAC Commissioner Cup. I
1 CLUB SPORTS PROGRAM I FACILITIES AND FIELDS
Equestrian Club (Coed) !AlumniHall (2,749)
Karate (Coed) / Alumni Field (3,000) i
Men's Rugby I , 'University Field (Astroturf) !
Women's Rugby I Alumni Diamond (1,000) 5
I Rowing (Men) ** i Recreation Complex (with pool) ;
Skiing (Coed) Locker Room Facility I
Spirit (Cheerleaders, Dance Team, Pep Band) ;AthleticsCenter (Athletic weight room) ,
Men's Volleyball [TennisCourts (6) I
Men's and Women's Track I
IBarlow, Campion, Grauert, Intramural, Varsity Fields
BELLARMINE A WARD
Instituted in 195 1, the Bellarmine Award honors the graduating senior with the highest
four year academic average.
195 1 Thaddeus J. Krok
1952 James D. Eplett
1953 Jerome J. Maher
1954 Robert R. Petrucelli
1955 Florio J. Moretti
1956 John B. Pampel
1957 Francis X. Mathews
1958 Vincent H. Morrissette
1959 Patrick J. Waide
1960 Anthony Sarlo
1961 Denis E. Gannon
1962 George S. Mihalik
1963 Brian F. Dunn
1964 John J. Horvath
Justin M. Schwarnm
1965 Denis A. Robitaille
1966 James F. McGrath
1967 Michael L. Guri
1968 Daniel G. Madigan
1969 Gerald J. Sabo
1970 G. Simon Harak
1971 Michael F. Janczecki
1972 Thomas J. Condon
1973 Gary W. Peloquin
1974 Robert A. Chlebowski
1975 Kathryn M. Fenton
1976 Richard P. Pitre
1977 Maryellen Ehlers
Michael D. Malloy
1978 Linda M. Cipriano
Janet F. Rome
1979 James M. Kondziela
1980 Anthony G. Ciccaglione
1981 James M. Haley
Margaret E. O'Donoghue
1982 Leda Jacenko
Ralph A. Lanza
1983 Carol J. Murphy
1 984 Salvatore Guerrera, Jr.
1985 Laura E. Broggini
1986 Cecile A. Mazzucco
1987 Sandra L. Jacopian
1988 Frank B. Giacobetti
1989 Kellie A. Cosgrove
Keith B. DeLeon
1990 Maura P. Foley
1 99 1 Christine Stachowicz
1992 James T. Klosowski
1993 Kathleen M. Doody
1994 Madeleine A. Fugere
1995 Scott M. Warrender
1996 Kurt W. Hackbarth
1997 Christopher J. Talluto -
1998 Jose C. Simoes
1999 Michael M. Franz
ST. IGNATIUS LOYOLA MEDAL
Instituted in 1952 by the alumni association, the Loyola Medal honors an outstanding
member of the graduating class each year who has clearly maximized opportunities
for intellectual, emotional and social growth throughout his or her four years at Fairfield
University. This award is the highest honor bestowed by the alumni association to a
graduating senior and is presented to the student who best exemplifies the true spirit of the
Jesuit education provided by Fairfield University.
1952 John Relihan, Jr.
1953 Thomas Bepko
1954 Joseph Macary, Jr.
1955 William Prendergast
1956 Peter DeMarco
1957 David McCarthy
James Rouke
195 8 Paul Nagy
1959 Randolph Harper
1960 Joseph Annunziata
1961 Louis Parent
1962 Michael Kiernan
1963 William Reidy
1964 Charles Bialowas
1965 Frederick Lorensen
1966 William McCarthy
1967 Gerard Smyth
1968 James DeFronzo
1969 Thomas Josefiak
1970 J. Peter Notch
197 1 John Fallon
Robert Murphy
1972 Richard Umbdenstock
1973 Timothy Grace
1974 Gary Dittrich
1975 Richard Canel
Sean Harrigan
1976 Clare Carney
1977 Patrick Cleary
1978 Geraldine Morrissey
1979 Thomas McLarney
1980 Carolen Fette
Stephen Chessare
198 1 Valerie Johnson
1982 Janet Canepa
1983 Elizabeth Kramer
1984 Mary-Margaret Walsh
1985 Fran Kenneally
1986 John Mancini
1 98 7 Honora Willcutts
1988 Karen 0' Rourke
1989 Christopher Chiodo
1990 Laura Keenan
199 1 Robert McCann
Julie Ruggiero
1992 Edward Hardiman
1993 Stephen Shannon
1994 James McDonnell
1995 James Sulzer
1996 Mark Reed
1997 Melissa Conroy
1998 Robert Harrison I11
1999 Christine Kelleher
70,.
FELL0 WSHIP RECIPIENTS
Term Name Class Maior Country
Fulbright Grants: Scholarship for Research Abroad
1993-94 Sheila Hayes 1992 Politics Sri Lanka
1994-95 Alycen McAuley 1994 Politics Morocco
1994-96 Alicia Smith 1994 Biology Bolivia
1994-95 Jennifer S orensen 1994 Chemistry Hungary
1995-96 Jill Peters 1995 English Solomon Islands
1995-96 Pia Hartman 1995 Economics Malta
1996-97 Jennifer Adonizio 1996 English South Korea
1996-97 Michael Allison 1996 Politics El Salvador
1997-98 Daniel Cook 1996 English Chile
1997-98 Jae Jun 1997 Psychology South Korea
1997-98 Eric Roland 1997 International Studies . Uruguay
1997-98 Christhy Vidal 1997 Politics Argentina
1998-99 Angela Allen 1998 EnglishIGerman Germany
1998-99 Kristen Carnmarata . 199 1 Politics/English Lit Morocco
1998-99 Stacey Pascarella 1998 Psychology (BA) Canada
1998-99 Robert Varley 1998 English Korea -
1999-00 Patrick Johnson 1999 Nursing Greece
Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship: Undergraduate Tuition Support for Outstanding Student
in the Natural Sciences and Mathematics
1997-1998 Jose Simoes 1998 Biology
1 998-2000 Matthew Day 2000 Mathematics/Economics
Jacob K. Javits Fellowship: Scholarship for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, Humanities,
and Fine Arts
1997-2002 Jeanne Ryan 1997 EnglishIMusic University of Michigan
National Security Education Program (NSEP): Scholarship for Study Abroad Outside
Summer '98 Jarrett Basedow 2001 International Studies Russia
Fall 1999 Cristen Duncan 200 1 International Studies Russia
National Institutes of Health (NIH): Scholarship for Graduate Studies in Health Sciences
1996-200 1 Alicia Smith 1994 Biology . University of Virginia
Morris K. Udall Scholarship: Undergraduate Tuition Support for Outstanding Student in
Environmental Policy and Science
1998-1999 Michael D. England 2000 Chemistry
RECIPIENTS OF OTHER DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARSHIPS
Term Name Class Major
CBS Foundation Scholarship
1998- 1999 Beth Caldwell Communication
1999-2000 Theodore Rawls Comunication
TEACHING FACULTY*
Full- Time Equivalent
19 70-1 999
*excluding those on year's leave or sabbatical, administrators with faculty status,
and those adjuncts in Schoolpof Continuing Education and School of Engineering.
"includes adjuncts in School of Engineering
UNDERGWUATE TEACHING FACULTY I 9 70-1999
Fall Lav Religious
1970 ** 99 27
* Pre-1994 excludes faculty on year's leavelsabbatical and administrators with faculty status.
**Pre-1970please see earlier editions of the Fact Book
( ) Number of additional adjunct faculty in the School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering
" Pre-1997 included duplicate headcount in SCE
GRADUATE TEACHING FACULTY 19 70-1 999
Lav Relieious ** 18 3
Faculty Total
Total Total Faculty
* Pre-1994 excludes year's leav.e/sabbaticals and administrators with faculty status.
**Pre-1970 see early editions of the Fact Book
Teachina Facultv*
Number of Faculty
lUndergraduate EIUndergraduate FTE
oGraduate WGraduate FTE
* Excluding administrators with faculty status.
FULL-TIME FACULTY*
By School and Tenure Status
Under~raduateD ivision Tenure Non-Tenure
Time Facultv
% Total
Total University
FULL-TIME GRADUA TE'FACULTY
BY PROGRAM, RANK, GENDER
FALL - 1999
Graduate School of Education Associate Assistant
and Allied Professions Professor Professor Professor Instructor Total
Counselor of Education
Psychology and Special Education
Marriage & Family Therapy
TESOL, Foreign Language &
Bilingual/Multicultural Education
All Faculty*
( ,) indicates Malememale breakout
* excludes administrators with faculty status
FULL - TIME FACULTY* FALL 1999
82. TERMINAL DEGREES BY GRANTING INSTITUTIONS
Andover Newton Theological School
Catholic University
Dartrnouth
Hartford Seminary
Manhattan School of Music
McMasters University
Memphis State University
* Does not include administrators with faculty rank.
SUNY Bingharnton
SUNY Stonybrook
Universite Paul Valery
University of ~innesota
University of Santiago
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
FULL-TIME TEACHING FACULTY*
BY HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED AND RANK
Undereraduate
Division Professor Associate Assistant Instructor Total Percentare
Doctorate 58 58 50 1 167 89%
Masters - 2 15 3 20 11%
TOTAL 58 60 65 4 187 100%
Doctorate 6 2 11 - 19 100%
Masters - - - - - 0%
TOTAL 6 2 11 - 19 100%
*including faculty on sabbatical but excluding administrators with faculty status
Albert Abbott
Henry E. Allinger
George C. Baehr, Jr.
Joseph E. Boggio
Daniel S. Buczek
Vincent M. Bums, S.J.
Augustine J. Caffi-ey
Albert A. Cardoni, S. J.
William F. Carr, S.J.
Salvatore A. Carrano
Marguerite R. Carroll
Donald A. Coleman
Rosalie M. Colman
Anthony Costa
Richard D. Costello, S.J.
James H. Coughlin, S. J.*
Arsene Croteau *
Paul Davis
Richard C. DeAngelis
Robert L. DeMichiell
William G. Devine, S.J.
Carmen F. Donnarurnrna
Robert Dubroff
Anthony J. Eiardi, S.J.
Robert G. Emerich *
James F. Farnham
Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
William J. Garrity
Peter Michael Gish
Joseph G. Grassi *
Morris Grossman
Mario F. Guarcello *
William H. Hohmann, S.J. *
Gerald F. Hutchinson, S. J. *
Patricia M. Jenkins
Julia M. Johnston
Victor F. Leeber, S.J.
Palko S. Lukacs *
Donald D. Lynch, S. J.
Matthew J. McCarthy
Gerard B. McDonald *
James H. McElaney
Thomas A. McGrath, S.J. *
Thomas J. McInerney
Assistant Professor of History
Assistant Professor of Accounting
Professor of Chemistry
Professor of History
Associate Professor of Religious Studies
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
Professor of Education
Associate Professor of Education
Assistant Professor of Education
Professor of Modem Languages
Associate Professor of History
Professor of Information Systems
Assistant Professor of Economics
Professor of Politics
Associate Professor of Mathematics
Professor of Fine Arts
Professor of English
Professor of Accounting
Associate Professor of Fine Arts
Associate Professor of Modem Languages
Associate Professor of Economics
Associate Professor of Chemistry
Associate Professor of English
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Assistant Professor of English
Professor of Physics
Professor of Psychology
T. Everett McPeake, S. J. *
Joan M. Mohr
Vincent M. Murphy
Jiri Nedela
Stephen J. OYBrien
Thomas G. OYCallaghanS, .J. *
Marie J. Panico
Albert F. Reddy, S.J.
Francis J. Rice
Arthur R. Riel *
Donald J. Ross
John W. Ryan, S.J. *
Jerome J. Schiller
John J. Schurdak
Dorothy B. Shaffer
Martin A. Stader
Chester H. Stuart
Jane L. Sutherland
Alexander Tolor
James P. Vail
James Walsh, S.J. *
Joan Walters
Celia T. Wells
* deceased
John A. Barone
Barbara Bryan
John I. Griffin
Henry J. Murphy, S.J.
Phyllis E. Porter
Faculty Emeriti continued
Assistant Professor of Nursing
Associate Professor of Psychology
Assistant Professor of Communication
Associate Professor of Business Law
Professor of Biology
Professor of Psychology and special Education
Professor of Mathematics
Professor of Psychology and Education
Professor of Theology
Administrators Emeriti
Professor of Chemistry and Provost Emeritus 1992
University Librarian 1996
Professor of Quantitative Analysis 1982
Dean, School of Business
Dean of Freshmen 1997
Associate Professor of Nursing 1989
Dean, School of Nursing
ADMINISTRATORS WITH FACULTY RANK
Date of Date of Date of Highest
Appt Rank Rank Tenure Department Degree
Chappell, Debnam M. Assistant English
Day, Georgia F. Associate Education
Deignan, Margaret C. Associate Education
Grossman, Orin L. Professor VIPA ***
Hadj imichael, Evangelos Professor Physics
Kahn, Beverly L. Associate Politics
Kelley, S.J., Aloysius P. Professor Classics
Kidd, Katherine ** Assistant Int'l Studies@
Malone, Mary Frances Assistant VIPA ***
Manton, Anne P. Associate Nursing
Ryba, Jr., Walter G. Professor Management
Schmidt, David P. Associate Busn Ethics
Weiss, Joan Associate Mathematics
ADMINISTRATORS WITH FACULTY STATUS
Estrada, James A. Vice President of Information Resources and Services and University
Wilson, Edna F. Dean, School of Continuing Education
** Director of Internatiorral Studies
*** Visual and Performing Arts
@ International Studies Program
FACULTY A VERAGE SALARY AND TOTAL COMPENSATION
Fair field All Church Private 11- A
University Combined Related Independent Comprehensive
1998-99 11-A 11-A 11-A 95th Percentile
Professor 80,191 64,770 64,933
Associate 63,194 5 1,394 5 1,049
Assistant 54,496 42,131 41,301
Source: ACADEME: The Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession 1998-99
UNIVERSITY PERSONNEL ANALYSIS
Full-Time Personnel
Part-Time Personnel*
and Professional
*includes part-time and temporary personnel
Source: Office of Human Resources
Oct-99
Tuition and Fee Schedule
Arts. Science. Business & Nursing
Tuition (Continuing Students)
Tuition (Freshmen)
Room & Board - Residence Halls
Room & Board - Townhouses
General Fee
Orientation Fee
Commencement Fee
Laboratory Fee (per course)
Computer Lab Fee (per credit)
Automobile Registration Fee
Continuin? Education & BE1
Tuition: a. Less than twelve credit hours
b. Twelve credit hours or more
Matriculation Fee
Computer Lab Fee (per course)
Computer Lab Fee (per course) '
Graduate American Studies
Graduate - Business & En~ineerin?(M OT]
Tuition - Full-Time (Continuing Students)
Tuition - Full-Time (Freshmen)
Tutition - Part-Time
Graduate - Nursing
$295h
5 2 5 h
$32O/hr
$305/hr $3 10lhr
5 4 5 h 550/hr
variable variable
$350/hr $365/hr
Current Operating Funds*
6Revenues @ =Operating Expenses
* Unrestricted
*Reporiing is under the new FASB 1 17 (Financial Statement Display Requirement)
@ Net of Student Financial Aid for financial year 1997,1998 and 1999
STATEMENT OF REVENUES, EEXPESES AND OTHER CHANGES
In Unrestricted Net Assets -93.
For the Year Ended June 30,1999"
Operating revenues:
Educational and general:
Net tuition and fees
Government grants and financial aid
Investment return designated for current operation
Departmental and other revenues
Net assets released from restrictions
Total educational and general
Total operating revenues
Educational and general services:
Student service
Total educational and general services
Auxiliary services:
Total auxiliary services 13.059,700
Total operating expenses 83.1 18.848
Increase in unrestricted net assets from operating activities 3.657.827
Non-operating:
Investment return in excess of amounts designated for current operations 1,6 19,188
Realized gains on sale of assets -
Non-operating assets released fi-om restrictions 724,930
Extraordinary cost of extinguishment of debt (544.836)
Total non-operating 1.799.282
Increase in unrestricted net assets $ 5,457,109
* Excluding Fairfield Prep
The Media Center offers a broad range of media and communications-related services to
Fairfield University faculty, staff and students. Located on the ground floor of Xavier Hall, the
Media Center has two television studios, digital editing suites, a satellite and television (CTN)
distribution headend, a graphic production and design area, and Academic Media Equipment
Services and Systems Design areas. Major services include:
Audio, video and television production with professional facilities including two
television studios
- production of original programs
- lecture and event recordings for later viewing in the Library
- duplications of non-copyrighted programs
- off-the-air recordings
Satellite downlinks and teleconferences through our four satellite dishes
- downlinks and licensing of resource programs, live lectures and discussions
ISDN links with sites throughout the world
- using PictureTel technology, live 2-way audiolvideo discussions can take place
quickly and inexpensively between individuals or group audiences
Visual arts and design services
- computer generated graphics for printed and electronic published materials
- design support for Web sites
- production of multimedia presentations
- video and audio streaming on the Web
- media related guidance and assistance for University-sponsored events such as
concerts, conferences and lectures
- video, film, slide and data projections
- sound support and technical expertise
Academic media equipment services including equipment circulation
- media equipment loans to Fairfield University students, faculty and staff
for classroom use
- maintenance of media classrooms and circulated equipment
- training and assistance in the use of all circulated equipment and
media classrooms
- cable television installations, and service and hardware problems
AV systems design
- guidance and recommendations on AV equipment purchase
- AV systems design
Campus TV Network (CTN)
Programmed and operated by the Media Center, CTN is Fairfield University's closed-circuit
television system with 56 channels distributed to all student campus residences
and classrooms.
- 10 Fairfield University private channels for special programming such as
classroom viewing assignmentsand international television.
- One of these channels -- The Ham Channel -- is CTN's student-operated and
programmed channel with material created by the students with the guidance of
full-time television and film faculty.
The 10private channels are:
CH. 50 The Ham Channel (FairfieldU.)
51 The Info Channel (Fairfield U.)
52 InstructionalTV (Classroom viewing assignments)
53 InstructionalTV (Classroomviewing assignments)
57 TV5 (French programming)
58 SCOLA (Foreign news programs)
59 Fairfield U. Residence Life Channel
The 46 commercial channels are:
CH. 2 WCBS
3 WFSB
4 WNBC
5 WNYW
6 WVIT
7 WABC
8 WTNH
9 WWOR
10 WEDW
11 WPIX
12 NEWS 12
13 WNET
14 HBO
15 MSG
16 ESPN2
17 History Channel
18 Learning Channel
19 Discovery Channel
20 WTXX
21 WTIC
22 Nickelodeon
23 Lifetime
24 CNBC
Fox Family
WTBS
C Span
Fox Sports NY
WrPX
Administrative Computing & Network Services
Fairfield University's administrative operation uses SCT BANNER8 software. The
BANNER8 administrative software is an integrated databasemade up of several
modules, including; Alumni/Development, Finance, Financial Aid, Human Resources and
Student.
The Administrative Computing Center is a 5 day 12hour on-site operation (M-F) that
supports the University's mid-size administrative computing environment. The
administrativecenter monitors and maintains the center's computing facility. At the heart
of this operation is the IBM RSl6000, model R40, which houses the BANIVERB
Computing & Network Services
Computing & Network Services(CNS) has responsibility for six major areas within the
Information Resources and Services(IR&S) division:
Campus network Instructional support
Residential dorm network Telecommunications
Desktop support Campus mail
CNS manages and operates the campus-wide "fiber-to-the-desktop" network for the
university, connecting all academic, administrative,and residential buildings on campus
with an NT-based data network. The fiber backbone has Gigabit and 100MB data speeds
between buildings, with most servers connected at 100MB switched speeds, with 1OMB
switched speed at desktops. CNS has responsibility for the maintenance, reliability, and
security of the network for Fairfield users. Enterprise-wideemail solutions, file sharing,
network print queues, web services,FTP services, and Internet connectivity are a
sampling of services that the network group provides the campus community.
RESIDENTIAL DORM NETWORK
CNS provides connectivity for more than 2300 students residing in campus residence
halls. Each dorm room has fiber outlets that allow students to connect computers to the
campus network and to the Internet. By Spring semester, 2000, every dorm room on
campus will have an active fiber connection, allowing quick computer connections by
students when they arrive on campus. Students are connected at 10MBIsecspeeds.
CNS supports campus users' desktop machine, peripherals, and applications, providing
trouble-shooting,repair, maintenance, and instructional workshops to help users become
efficient and productive while engaging in computing activities. CNS negotiates campus-wide
software licenses for such products as the MS Office suite, McAfee Antivirus
software, SPSS statistical analysis packages, TopClass instructional software and a
variety of utilities such as Winzip, FTP, Telnet, and terminal emulation software.
CNS manages campus computer labs, technology classrooms, and faculty resource
centers. A state-of-the-art teaching classroom, in CNS 304, provides extraordinary
interaction between faculty and students, incorporating computer, Internet, Cable TV,
video, and text into one easy-to-learn interface. BNW 236 provides a scanner, laser
printer, CDR drive, digital camera, and other peripherals, on both Intel and Macintosh
platforms CNS has four Pentium laptops and one G3 Macintosh laptop as short-term
loaner machines for faculty.
Twelve campus computing labs are managed by CNS for campus users, providing
approximately 200 computer seats for Fairfield University students:
BNW4 16 Pentium 200s Win98 Operating Systems
BNW 129A 20 MAC G3s MAC 01s 9.0
BNW 129B 10 MAC 7300s Terminal emulation to UNK box
BUS 1 100 8 Pentiurn LII 400s Win98 01s
BUS 1 101 8 Pentium I11 400s Win98 01s
CNS 02 20 iMAC MAC 01s 9.0
CNS 304 25 Pentium II 300s Win98 O/S
DMH 148 16 Pentium 233s Win95 01s
DMH 149 20 Pentium IT1 400s NT Workstation O/S
NYS 16 17 Pentium I1 200 NT Workstation O/S
NYS 16 8 iMACs MAC 01s 9.0
SON 219 12 Pentium I1 300s Win95 O/S
XVR 19 20 Pentiurn III400s NT Workstation O/S
An additional 150 computer seats are found throughout the university, managed by a
variety of departments and schools, such as Modem Language, Engineering, Psychology,
and Physics.
Fairfield University was awarded the ACUTA Telecommunications network award in
1994 for providing phone service over fiber, a very innovative trend for colleges in 1994.
An IntecomE telephone switch provides campus users with digital phone service,
throughout the campus ofices and on-campus residences. Student Telephone Services
provide low cost local and long distance phone billing to students. Voicemail boxes are
provided for each user. Telephone operators provide personal, friendly directory
assistance when caller dial the campus switchboard.
Full-service post office services are provided to campus users at the campus mailroom.
Two daily campus mail deliveries facilitate the paper memos, bulletins, and newsletters
that are so essential to the university's operations. Private or shared mailboxes are
provided to each student resident on campus.
NYSELIUS LIBRARY
COLLECTION HOLDINGS
Equivalent of A.V. Microform Micro- Micro- Electronic
Year Books Microforms Titles (Reels) print fiche Subscriptions
1970-7 1 1 12,414 N/A 537 6,238 97,198 0
* adjusted after June 1976 inventory A current subscriptions
**formula per the 1986 ALA Standard for College Libraries
new data collection category in Lntegrated Postsecondary Education Data System (WEDS) earlier
COLLECTION CIRCULA TIOIV
Academic Year Total
1970-71 62,578
NYSELIUS LIBR4R YACQUISITIONS
Books, Media, Periodicals
Academic and (Current
Year Microforms Subscription)
1970-7 1 63,389 22,604
* under revised auditing procedures, years after 1974-75 include monies fiom all sources
Total Books Books A.V. Periodicals Microform Micro- Electronic
Year Added@ Withdrawn Titles ** (Reels) fiche Subscriptions
1970-7 1 8,750 598 47 62 927 0
@ including bound periodicals
** current subscriptions
new data collection category in Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) earlier
SPECIAL LIBRARY COLLECTIONS AND SERVICES
1. University and Prep Archives.
2. On-line bibliographic search service, accessing Dialog and Firstsearch databases. CD-ROM
databases for public use include PsycLit, CINAHL, Philosophers Index, Religion Index,
ERIC, MLA Bibliography, Periodical Abstracts, Newspaper Abstracts, and Ethnic
Newswatch. Campus networked databases for public use include ERIC, Books in Print,
Britannica Online, Project Muse, Expanded Academic Index, America: History and Life,
Historical Abstracts, Health Reference Center-Academic, Westlaw, Lexis-Nexis, STAT-USA,
MathSciNet, Biography & Genealogy Index, Chemical Education and Online Journal
of Knowledge Synthesis for Nursing.
3. Business sources:
A. Compact Disclosure, A CD-ROM index to business periodicals.
B. ABIIInform, CD-ROM index to business periodicals.
C. Disclosure Worldscope on CD-ROM, an international corporate information database.
D. IAC's Business and Company Profiles, a campus-wide networked index to 1,300
business periodicals with 650 full text. Also includes directory information for
180,000 companies.
E. RIA Checkpoint, a campus-wide complete networked full-text service to Federal,
State and Local and International tax research materials.
4. Media Department, with audiovisual resources such as laserdisks, multimedia software,
videocassettes, audiotapes, audio CDs, filmstrips and sound/slide programs, and viewing and
listening equipment.
5. Curriculum collection, with texts, audio visual material, and computer software, to support
University programs in Education fields.
6. Microprint Collections:
A. 90,000 titles published in America between 1639 and 18 19.
B. More than 5,000 English and American plays published between 1500 and 1830.
C. Landmarks of Science series contains more than three million pages of original texts
of the works of major scientists.
D. More than 38 volumes and some 2,100 serial publications of the Federal Government
from 1789 though 1883.
E. A portion of a series based on Blanck's Bibliography of American Literature. The
complete set contains 10,000 to 15,000 titles by 300 authors with emphasis on "belles
lettres". Titles cover a 150 year span from the Federal period to authors who died
before 1930.
FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY AL UMNI ASSOCIATION 107.
Open 1951 Eugene J. Fabbri
Stanley E. Turski 1952lMA '58 Richard J. McEttrick
John H. Welch, Jr., Esq. 1953 StephaneM. Skibo
David J. Page 1954 Suzanne E. Baldasare, Esq.
Donald A. Browne, Esq. 1955 Open
George F. Lacovara, DDS 1956 Stephen D. Chessare
Thomas J. Fitzgerald 1957 Laura A. Incerto
Open 1958 Open
Francis A. Corr 1960lMA '641CAS '67 Open
Kevin J. Cavanagh 1961 open
Edward M. Gleason 1962 Christine Cahill D7Ascenzo
Joseph R. D7Agostin 1963 Michael J. Steed
James P. White, Jr., Esq. 1964 Rodney V. Ralph
Robert J. Brennan, Jr., Esq. 1965 Joan C. Alvarez
James W. Heslin, Jr., Esq. 1966 Open
Paul T. Barnes 19671MA '70 Kerry A. Murphy
M. James Geraghty 1968 Kelly D. Crean
Joseph R. Krajci, Esq. 1970 Open
Paul A. Richards 1971 Open
Bruce M. Howard 1973lMA '79 Karen A. Ardizzone
Anthony W. Merola 1974 Matthew Pitucco
Kathryn A. Schibler
MEMBERS-A T-LARGE
Robert K. Monk
Edward R. Fitzgerald
Christopher S. Cardell
Bryan L. LeClerc, Esq.
Mary-Margaret Weber
Maria C. Alfonso
-. Richard J. Papscoe, Jr..
B. Maxwell O'Meara
GRADUATE SCHOOLS SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION I
Kathleen Madzula MA '71 Ann Brokamp Williams 1992 I
Jacqueline Orban MBA '95
Scott B. Barnett MA '93 BRIDGEPORT ENGINEERING INSTITUTE
Richard E. Peck
ALUMNI STATISTICS
Under~raduate Graduate Total
Alumni (able to be reached)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALUMNI
Fairfield University Alumni Association Awards
Alumni/Professional
Achievement Award
Recipient Class Year
John E. Klimas 1953
Joseph W. Annunziata 1960
Peter S. Arnentia 1952
Philip S. Backus 1953
Robert J. DelVecchio 1952
David J. McCarthy, Jr. 1957
Harry M. Marmion 1953
J. Edward Caldwell 1951
Frank J. Bepko, Jr. 1951
Charles E. Schaefer 1955
Joseph G. McGann 1951
James F. Stapleton 1954
Patrick J. Waide, Jr. 1959
Patrick Jordan 1965
Jerome J. Burke 1962
Paul K. Rudd 1962
Thomas J. Connors, Jr. '64 MA '67
Charles Rose 1952
Dr. Philip J. Guerin, Jr. 1959
E. Gerald Corrigan 1963
J. Jeffrey Campbell 1965
T. Paul Tremont 1955
Leonard S. Paoletta 1956
Hon. Raymond J. Dearie 1966
James J. Bigham 1959
Thomas E. McKimey 1972
Robert J. Murphy, Jr. 1971
J. Michael Farron 1977
Francis J. Tedesco 1965
Dr. Patricia M. Joyce 1975
Joellin R. Comerford 1974
Robert W. Landmesser 1971
Joseph Sargent 1959
Donald A. Browne 1955
David H. Chafey 1999
Alumni Service Award
Bronislaw S. Orlowski 1953
Richard P. Bepko 1953
Edward R. Flannery 1951
John T. Mullady 195 1
Clement F. Naples 1953
John C. Welch 1954
William J. George 1952
Robert K. Marconi 1954
Bronislaw S . Orlow ski 1953
Kenneth F. Catandella 1957
Walter J. Zackrison 1954
Donald S. Lupo 1962
Gerald E. Malafi-onte 1956
Robert J. Brennan, Jr. 1965
William J. Kramer 1960
Dr. Patrick Carolan 1959
Paul T. Barnes '67 MA '70
Edward R. Fitzgerald 1962
Barbara Stuart MA '78 CAS '80
Francis J. Zaino 1966
Joseph F. Berardino 1972
T. Gerald Magner, Jr. 1964
Roger M. Lynch 1963
Bruce M. Howard '73 MA '79
Janet A. Canepa 1982
Paul C. Dunn 1957
James D. Fitzpatrick '70 MA '72
William P. Egan 1967
Edward M. Gleason 1962
Richard Badolato 1962
Robert K. Monk 1960
John G. Swanhaus 1967
Fairfeld University Ahmni Association Awards
Alumnus/Alumna Award
William E. O'Brien
Gilbert & Dorothy Larson
Rev. George Mahan, S. J.
L. William Miles
Dr. John A. Barone
Alphonsus J. Donahue
Prof. Mario Guarcello
Rev. Thomas A. McGrath, S. J.
Dorothy Bennett
Prof. Carmen F. Donnarurnrna
Dr. Robert D. Russo, Sr.
Achievementneadership Award
Reci~ient
Francis T. "Fay" Vincent, Jr.
Miss Jessye Norman
A1 Roker
Ann Fudge
Isiah L. Thomas
Richard D. Parsons
Distinguished Faculty/Administrator
Awarded Recipient
Prof. Arsene Croteau
Prof. Carmen F. Donnarumma
Dr. Donald J. Ross
Rev. William H. Holunann, S. J.
Prof. Arthur R. Riel, Jr.
Rev. Thomas McGrath, S.J.
Prof. Chester Stuart
Rev. James H. Coughlin, S.J.
Walter J. Petry, Jr.
John M. Hickson '52
Dr. Lisa H. Newton
Dr. Edward M. Dew
Rev. Donald D. Lynch, S.J.
Rev. Henry J. Murphy, S.J.
Dr. Leo F. O'Connor
The Jesuit Community
Dr. John Barone
Rev. William F. Cm, S.J.
Dr. Joan G. Walters
Rev. Joseph F. MacDonnell, S.J.
Dr. Orin L. Grossman
Stephen Jakab '62
Suzanne MacAvoy, R.N., Ed.D.
Dr. Mary Frances A.H. Malone
END0 WMENT'GRO WTH
Permanent Endowment and
Permanent Endowment Funds Functionin? as Endowment
* $22.8M Supports UGR Programs (1 992)
* $23.9M Supports UGR Programs (1993)
*- $43 .OM Supports UGR Programs (1 997)
* $51.OM Supports UGR Programs (1 998)
**Market Value
Endowment Growth
Permanent Endowment
0Permanent Endowment & Funds Functioning as Endowment
* Market Value
Year Unrestricted Gifts Total Gifts
* These years coincided with the Campaign for Fairfield.
t-'
Develo~mentGrowth
-Total Gifts nUnrestricted Gifts
* Campaign for Fairfield
1. Bellarmine Hall
2. Donnarumma Hall
3. Canisius Hall
4. Gonzaga Hall
5. Regis Hall
6. Jogues Hall
7. Campion Hall
8. Loyola Hall
9. Basketball Courts
10. Playing Field
1 1. Intramural Field
12. Varsity Field
13. Baseball Field
14. Alumni Field
15. Dolan Campus
A. John C. Dolan Hall
B. David J. Dolan House
C. Thomas F. Dolan Commons
16. Student Town House Complex
17. McAuliffe Hall
18. Athletic Center
19. The Levee
20. Xavier Hall
21. Berchmans Hall
22. Recreational Complex
23. Alumni Hall - Gymnasium
24. Tennis Courts
25. Barone Campus Center
26. Bannow Science Center
27. School of Nursing
28. Nyselius Library
29. Central Utility Facility
30. Grauert Field
31. Kostka Hall
32. Claver Hall
33; Jesuit Residence - St. Robert
34. Jesuit Residence - St. Ignatius
35. Bellarmine Pond
36. School of Business
37. Barlow Field
38. Southwell Hall
39. PepsiCo Theatre
40. Maintenance
41. Regina A. Quick Center for the Arts
42. Hopkins Pond
43. Egan Chapel of St. Ignatius
Loyola and Pedro Arrupe, S.J.
Campus Ministry Center
Building Pur~ose Date - McAuliffe Hall Purchasing, Central Stores, School of Engineering, 1896 39,740
Finance, Technology Services,
Printing & Graphics (renovated 1994)
Southwell Hall Alumni House (renovated 1985) pre 11920
Bellannine Hall Administrative Offices (renovated 1982) 1921
Maintenance Complex Maintenance Building 1922
Pepsico Theater Theater (renovated 1994) 1922
Dolan House Offices of Continuing Education 1928
(Acquired and renovated 1990)
Xavier Hall Media Center, Classrooms
Loyola Hall Residence Hall, Human Resources, Fine Arts,
Security, Upward Bound (renovated 1999)
Gonzaga Hall Residence Hall, Student Newspaper,
Auditorium, Credit Union
* University usage (In addition, Prep uses 46,072 gross square feet.)
Canisius Hall
Dolan Hall
Campion Hall
Regis Hall
Dolan Commons
Barone Campus Center
Jogues Hall
Central Utility Facility
PurDose
Classrooms, Administrative and
Faculty Offices (renovated 1994)
Athletic Offices and Facilities
Division of Student Services and
Residence Hall, Radio Station (renovated 1999)
Dining Hall and Continuing
Education Classrooms
Dining Rooms, Bookstore, Mail Room,
Meeting Rooms, Student Government
Residence Hall, Fine Arts
Energy Management and Maintenance,
Communications & Technology Services
Date u
1957 5 1,201
1960 (East)
1966 (West)
Kostka Hall
Bannow Science Center
Claver Hall
Recreational Complex
Donnarumma Hall
Townhouses (#I-7)
Townhouses (#8- 10)
Townhouse (#I1 -15)
Quick Center for The Arts
Egan Chapel of St. Ignatius
Loyola and Armpe Campus
The Levee
Pur~ose
Residence Hall & Student Activites Offices
Classrooms, Offices, Laboratories,
Classrooms, Laboratories, Offices
Pool, Multi-Purpose Courts, Exercise Rooms
Faculty and Administrative Offices, Classrooms
Residence Facility
Performing Arts Theater, Black Box,
Chapel, Campus Ministry, Meeting Rooms
Student PavilionRub
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Fairfierd University
Classroom Usage Chart Fall, 1999
Class Meeting
Times Monday Tuesday Wednesdav Thursday Friday
1l:lO to 12 noon 69% 94%
: or 12:25 p.m.
4:35 p.m. to
5 5 0 p.m. (underg) 79% 90%
or 4:30 to 6:30 p.m.
(grad) '
*based on 6 schools using 53 regular classrooms and 9 seminar rooms in CNS, SON, DMH, BNW
and BUS. Not included are special usage rooms such as TV studio, Pepsico Theatre, Science labs,
Art rooms, Computer Labs, etc. In addition, Engineering uses 9 rooms in Xavier Hall during the
evening hours Monday thru Thursday.
Classroom Usaae Chart
Percentage Usage by Day
oMonday HTuesday ElWednesday IEIThursday -Friday
and BUS. Not included are special usage rooms such as TV studio, Pepsico Theatre, Science
labs, Art rooms, Computer labs, etc. In addition, Engineering uses 9 rooms in Xavier Hall during
the evening hours Monday thru Thursday.
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.
Title Fact Book 1999-2000
Originating Office Office of Management Information
Editor Phyllis A. Fitzpatrick, Director of Management Information
Date January 2000
Description This publication provides concise, consistent and relevant information on the principle characteristics and strengths of Fairfield University. It includes factual and statistical information on many aspects of the administration, students, faculty, staff, finance, facilities, library, and alumni.
Notes This version of the Fact Book includes data available prior to its publishing date of January 2000.
Type of Document Report
Original Format Bound photocopy; charts and graphs; 8 1/2 x 11 in.
Digital Specifications These images exist as archived PDF files for general use. They were scanned at 300 dpi from the original using a Fujitsu fi-6770A color document scanner.
Identifier FB1999-2000
SearchData PREFACE j The Fairfield University FACT BOOK, in its twenty-sixth year of production, is dedicated to serving fiequent information needs and interests of administration, faculty and alumni. The design of the publication attempts to offer concise, consistent, and relevant information on principal characteristics and strengths of Fairfield University. A new page on retention was added in the student section. You are encouraged to offer suggestions for improvementof future issues. My appreciation is extended to the many offices who assist me with the development of the information. I especially want to acknowledge the assistance in the preparation of this document fiom Kristyn Sbordone '03, my workstudy student, Sharon Kelly, my secretary, and to Peter Sarawit in the Media Center who created the graphs. Should additional copies be needed, please do not hesitate-toc. ontact my office. Phyllis A. Fitzpatrick (email: Pfitzpatrick) Director of Management Information Canisius 300 Ext. 2774 January, 2000 i TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Preface........................................................................................... Table of Contents ................................................................... '........... . . Mission Statement .............................................................................. I. INSTITUTION....................................................................... / University Seal ......................................................................... Alma Mater and Fight Song .......................................................... University Logo ........................................................................ Jesuit Colleges and Universities ...................................................... History.................................................................................. Presidents.............................................................................. . * Administration......................................................................... Board of Trustees ..................................................................... . . Trustees Ementi ....................................................................... Honorary Degrees Awarded - Commencement................................... Honorary Degrees Awarded and Special Ceremonies ........................... Recipients of 50' ~nniversary~ e d a l..s........................................... Accreditation and Memberships ..................................................... University Organizational Chart ..................................................... I1. STUDENTS........................................................................... Full Timepart Time Undergraduate and Graduate Head Count ............... Head Count by Division.............................................................. Undergraduate Head Count by School .............................................. Full - Time Enrollment by Year and Gender ....................................... Enrollment Trend Graph .............................................................. Graduate Head Count by School .................................................... Summer Session Enrollment ......................................................... Full - Time Student Equivalent (FTE) ............................................. Full - Time Undergraduate Resident Status ........................................ 2003 Class Profile ..................................................................... SAT Scores ........................................................................... Undergraduate Admissions Trend .................................................. Freshmen Data Trend Graph ......................................................... First - Time Freshmen Enrollment Trends ......................................... Upperclassmen by Majors ............................................................ Freshmen by Majors ............................................. :.................... Full - Time Enrollment by Geographical Region .................................. Geographical Composite: Class of 2003 .......................................... I1. STUDENTS cont'd PAGE Ethnic Detail .Percentage of Enrollment Graph .................................. Ethnic Detail .Undergraduate Enrollment Trend ................................. Ethnic Detail .Full .Time Undergraduates Graph ............................... Ethnic Data .By Class ............................................................... International Data .By Class ........................................................ Transfer Admissions Trend ........................................................... Retention Data .......................................................................... Graduation and Withdrawal Statistics ............................................... Degrees Awarded .....................J ............................................... DegreesAwarded Graph ............................................................. Athletics................................................................................ Bellarmine Award Recipients ........................................................ Loyola Award Recipients ............................................................ Fellowship Recipients ............................................................... I11. FACULTY AND STAFF ........................................................... Full .Time Equivalent Faculty ....................................................... Undergraduate Faculty ................................................................ Graduate Faculty ....................................................................... Teaching Faculty Graph ............................................................... Faculty by School and Tenure Status ................................................ Undergraduate Faculty by Department, Rank & Gender.......................... Graduate Faculty by Program, Rank & Gender..................................... Terminal Degrees by Granting Institution ............................................ Faculty by Highest Degree Earned and Rank ........................................ Faculty Emeriti ........................................................................... Administrators Emeriti .................................................................. Administrators with Faculty Rank .................................................... Faculty Average Salary & Total Compensation ..................................... University Personnel Analysis ......................................................... IV. FINANCE............................................................................... Tuition and Fee Schedule ............................................................. Operating Funds Trend Graph ........................................................ Statement of Revenues, Expenses & Other Changes .............................. V. INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES........................... Media Center ........................................................................... Administrative Computing & Network Services .................................. V. INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES cont'd PAGE Nyselius Library Holdings ........................................................... Nyselius Library Acquisitions ....................................................... Special Library Collections and Services .......................................... VI. ALUMNI................................................................................ Fairfield University 1999 Alumni Board of Directors ............... ................ Geographical Distribution of Undergraduate Alumni .............................. Alumni Statistics ......................................................................... Alumni by Country ..................................................................... . . Alumni Association Awards ............................................................ VII. DEVELOPMENT..................................................................... Endowment Growth ................................................................... Endowment Graph ..................................................................... Development Growth .................................................................. Development Graph - Fiscal Year ..................................................... Development Graph .Unrestricted Funds ........................................... VIII. FACILITIES...................................................................... .,..... Fairfield University Campus Map .................................................... University Buildings ................................................................... Other Buildings on Property ......................................................... Classroom Usage Chart............................................................... Classroom Usage Graph .............................................................. FAIR FIELD UNI WRSITY MISSION STATEMENT Fairfield University, founded by the Society of Jesus, is a coeducational institution of higher learning whose primary objectives are to develop the creative intellectual potential of its students and to foster in them ethical and religious values and a sense of social responsibility. Jesuit Education, which began in 1547, is committed today to the service of faith, of which the promotion of justice is iin absolute requirement. Fairfield is Catholic in both tradition and spirit. It celebrates the God-given dignity of every human person. As a Catholic university it welcomes those of all beliefs and traditions who share its concerns for scholarship, justice, truth and freedom, and it values the diversity which their membership bring to the university community. Fairfield educates its students through a variety of scholarly and professional disciplines. All of its schools share a liberal and humanistic perspective and a commitment to excellence. Fairfield encourages a respect for all the disciplines -their similarities their differences, and their interrelationships. In particular, in its undergraduate schools it provides all students with a broadly based general education cumculum with a special emphasis on the traditional humanities as a complement to the more specialized preparation in disciplines and professions provided by the major programs. Fairfield is also committed to the needs of society for liberally educated professionals. It meets the needs of its students to. assume positions in this society through its undergraduate and graduate professional schools and programs. A Fairfield education is a liberal education, characterized by its breadth and depth. It offers opportunities for individual and common reflection, and it provides training in such essential human skills as analysis, synthesis, and communication. The liberally educated person is able to assimilate and organize facts, to evaluate knowledge, to identify issues, to use appropriate methods of reasoning and to convey conclusions persuasively in written and spoken work. Equally essential to liberal education is the development of the esthetic dimension of human nature, the power to imagine, to intuit, to create, and to appreciate. In its fbllest sense liberal education initiates students at a mature level into their culture, its past, its present and its future. Fairfield recognizes that learning is a live-long process and sees the education which it provides as the foundation upon which its students may continue to build within their chosen areas of scholarly study or professional development. It also seeks to foster in its students a continuing intellectual curiosity and a desire for self-education which will extend to the broad range of areas to which they have been introduced in their studies. As a community of scholars, Fairfield gladly joins in the broader task of expanding human knowledge and deepening human understanding, and to this end it encourages and supports the scholarly research and artistic production of its faculty and students. , Fairfield has a further obligation to the wider community of which it is a part, to share with its neighbors its resources and its special expertise for the betterment of the community as a whole. Faculty and students are encouraged to participate in the larger community through service and academic activities. But most of all, Fairfield serves the wider community by educating its students to be socially aware and morally responsible persons. Fairfleld University values each of its students as an individual with unique abilities and potentials, and it respects the personal and academic freedom of all its members. At the same time it seeks to develop a greater sense of community within itselc a sense that all of its members belong to and are involved in the University, sharing common goals and a common commitment to truth and justice, and manifesting in their lives the common concern for others which is the obligation of all educated, mature human beings. March 4, 1983 Fairfield's seal combines elements of its several traditions. The gold pine cones come from the Bellarmine family coat of arms. Superimposed on them is the badge of the Society of Jesus - the letters MS surmounted by the cross and surrounded by the instruments of Christ's passion - to indicate that the University is in the care of members of the same religious family. There are three compartments in the upper portion of the shield, because "the school is dedicated and exists in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." The central compartment portrays a hart crossing a ford, a part of the coat of arms of the Diocese of Hartford and an example of "canting armsyy wherein the pronunciation of the symbol is the same as that of the bearer. Finally, the two outer compartments show clusters of grapes, charges taken from the town seal and symbolic of the fertility of the verdant fields of the Town and County of Fairfield. Fairfield University's Motto "Per Fidem Ad Plenam Veritatem" translates to "Through faith to full Truth." Fairfield UNIVERSITY The logo, unveiled in April, 1997, provides a visual identity to uni@ the University. The key features of the logo are the name in New Baskerville type, with "Fait-field" in upper and lower case letters and "UNIVERSITY" in all caps. The graphic of a shield features a stag fording a stream and a flowing white banner with a cross, both extracted from a section of the University seal: - That section-of the seal was created in tribute to the Archdiocese of Hartford which assisted in the founding of the University since the stag or hart, another name for a male deer, is crossing a ford or stream. The University's alma mater opens with words: "Fairfield! See the stag with the cross of gold rears once more its undefeated head. Fairfield, our field, as any field of old, bids our banners, like our blood, be red." According to the "Dictionary of Subjects of Symbols" by James Hall, the long flowing white flag bearing a red cross is the Christian symbol of victory over death, the banner of the Resurrection. The University seal will continue in use for official documents such as diplomas, commencement programs and transcripts. JESUIT COLLEGES AND UNZKERSITIES IN THE UNITED STATES Founded 1789 1818 1830 1831 1841 1843 1851 1851 1852 1855 1863 1870 1870 1872 1877 1877 1878 1881 1886 1887 1891 1910 1911 1912 1923 1942 1946 1954 Georgetown University St. Louis University Spring Hill College Xavier University Fordham University College of the Holy Cross St. Joseph's University Santa Clara University Loyola College in Maryland University of San Francisco Boston College Canisius College Loyola University of Chicago St. Peter's College Regis University University of Detroit Mercy Creighton University Marquette University John Carroll University Gonzaga University Seattle University Rockhurst College Loyola Maryrnount University Loyoly University University of Scranton Fairfield University Le Moyne College Wheeling Jesuit College Washington, D.C. St. Louis, Missouri Mobile, Alabama Cincinnati, Ohio New York, New York Worcester, Massachusetts Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Santa Clara, California Baltimore, Maryland San Francisco, California Boston, Massachusetts Buffalo, New York Chicago, Illinois Jersey City, New Jersey Denver, Colorado Detroit, Michigan Omaha, Nebraska Milwaukee, Wisconsin Cleveland, Ohio Spokane, Washington Seattle, Washington Kansas City, Missouri Los Angeles, California New Orleans, Louisiana Scranton, Pennsylvania Fairfield, Connecticut Syracuse, New York Wheeling, West Virginia PRESIDENTS OF FAIRFIELD UNImRSITY 1. 1942 - 1944 Rev. John J. McEleney, S. J. 2. 1944 - 1951 Rev. JamesH. Dolan, S.J. 3. 1951 - 1958 Rev. Joseph D. FitzGerald, S.J. 4. 1958 - 1964 Rev. James E. FitzGerald, S.J. 5. 1964 - 1973 Rev. William C. McInnes, S.J. 6. 1973 - 1979 Rev. Thomas R. Fitzgerald, S.J. 7. 1979 - Rev. Aloysius P. Kelley, S. J. HISTORY Fairfield College of St. Robert Bellannine, Inc. purchased two adjoining estates in Fairfield. Fairfield College-Preparatory School opened classes in a four-year program. Fairfield University was chartered by the State of Connecticut to grant degrees. First class of 303 male students was admitted to the College of Arts and Sciences. College of Arts and Sciences was accredited by the State of Connecticut. First summer session of undergraduate courses was held. First graduate classes in education were held on a coeducational basis. Education Program for teacher certification was accredited by the State of Connecticut. First Graduation Class. Fairfield University was admitted to hlly accredited membership in the New England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. Graduate Department of Education became the Graduate School of Education. Graduate School of Corporate and Political Communication opened. Women were admitted to all undergraduate programs. Undergraduate School of Nursing admitted its first class. Center for Lifetime Learning offered its first courses. Graduated first class of women. Connecticut Center for Continuing Education became part of the University. School of Business was established. School of Continuing Education was established. School of Business offered its first Master of Science degree program in Financial Management. Graduate School of Education and Allied Professions merged with School of Continuing Education to form School of Graduate and Continuing Education. The School of Graduate and Continuing Education was separated into two schools: The School of Continuing Education and the Graduate School of Education and Allied Professions. Acquired the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur property. Graduate School of Communication closed. Acquired Bridgeport Engineering Institute. Masters of Science in Nursing and Masters in Business Administration Program offered. Accepted into Phi Beta Kappa. Granted accreditation into American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business. Masters of Arts offered in American Studies. Master of Science offered in Management of Technology and in Software Engineering. School of Engineering becomes a separate undergraduate school. FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRA TION Aloysius P. Kelley, S. J., Ph.D. .................................. President Charles H. Allen, S.J., M.A.. ........................... Executive Assistant to the President Paul E. Canier, S. J., Ph.D.. .............................University Chaplain Orin L. Grossman, Ph.D.. ........................................ Acting Academic Vice President Mary Frances Malone, Ph.D.. ............................Associate Academic Vice President R. Edwin Wilkes, M.A.. ................................Associate Academic Vice President for Enrollment Planning Beverly L. Kahn, Ph.D................................. ..Acting Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Georgia F. Day, Ph.D.. .................................. .Assistant Academic Vice President Walter G. Ryba, Ph.D.. ....................................Dean, School of Business Evangelos Hadj imichael, Ph.D ......................... Dean, School of Engineering Margaret C. Deignan, Ph.D.. ............................Dean, Graduate School of Education and Allied Professions Anne M. Manton Ph.D.. ..................................Acting Dean, School of Nursing Edna F. Wilson, Ph.D.. ................................... Dean, School of Continuing Education Robert C. Russo, M.A.. .................................. University Registrar L. William Miles, M.S.. ............................................Vice President for Administration Stephen P. Jakab, M.A.. .................................. .Associate Vice President Richard I. Taylor, B.S., C.E.. .............................Assistant Vice President and Director of Campus Operations William J. Lucas, M.B.A.. ........................................ .Vice President for Finance and Treasurer Michael S. Maccarone, M. S.. .......................... Assistant Vice President for Finance and Controller James A. Estrada, M.S., L.S.. ......................................Vice President for Information Resources and Services and University Librarian William P. Schimpf, M.Ed.. ...................................... Vice President for Student Services James D. Fitzpatrick, M.A.. ............................. Assistant Vice President for Student Services Operations Gwendolyn M. Vendley, Ed.D.. ..........................Assistant Vice President and Dean of Students George E. Diffley, M.A.. ............................................Vice President for University Advancement Fredric C. Wheeler, M.P. A.. ............................. Associate Vice President for Development Douglas J. Whiting, B.A.. ................................ Associate Vice President for Public Relations FMRFIELD UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES Mr. Joseph F. Berardino '72 Managing Partner Mr. James J. Bigham '59 Patrick J. Carolan, MD '59 Orthopedic Surgeon E. Gerald Corrigan, Ph.D '63 Managing Director Mr. James M. Cotter '64 AttomeyPartner Mr. Joseph A. DiMenna, Jr. '80 Managing Director Mr. Charles F. Dolan Chairman Mr. William P. Egan '67 General Partner Mr. Daniel R. Finn, Jr. '66 President Mr. Mario J. Gabelli Chairman Mr. Vincent A. Gierer, Jr. Chairman, CEO and President Rev. L. Edward Glynn, S. J. President Mr. Sylvester Green Executive Vice President and Managing Director Mr. Charles E. Hanley President and CEO Ms. Marian L. Heard M '95 President and CEO Rev. Otto H. Hentz, S.J. Associate Professor of Theology Mr. Paul J. Huston '82 Managing Director Rev. Aloysius P. Kelley, S. J. President Arthur Andersen LLP New York, New York New York, New York Merritt Orthopedic Associates Bridgeport, Connecticut Goldman Sachs and Company New York, New York Simpson Thacher and Bartlett New York, New York Zweig-DiMenna Associates LLC New York, New York Cablevision Systems Corp. Bethpage, New York Burr, Egan, Deleage and Company Boston, Massachusetts Louis Dreyfus Energy Corporation Wilton, Connecticut Gabelli Funds, Incorporated Rye, New York UST Incorporated Greenwich, Connecticut John Carroll University Cleveland, Ohio Chubb and Son, Incorporated Warren, New Jersey Thomas C. Wilson, Incorporated Long Island City, New York United Way of Massachusetts Bay Boston, Massachusetts Georgetown University Washington, DC Liberty Capital Partners, Incorporated New York, New York Fairfield University Fairfield, Connecticut Rev. Charles F. Kelley, S. J. President Mr. Ned C. Lautenbach Partner Ms. Kathi P. Loughlin '80 President Mr. Roger M. Lynch '63* Retired Partner Mr. Joseph D. Macchia '57 President, Chairman and CEO Rev. Arthur R. Madigan, S.J. Visiting Professor of Philosophy Rev. J. Thomas McClain, S. J. President Mr. William A. McIntosh Consultant Mr. John C. Meditz '70 Managing Director Ms. Diane Oakley '75 Vice President Mr. Thomas C. Quick '77 President and COO Mr. Lawrence C. Rafferty '64 Chief Executive Officer Ms. Mary D. Reynolds '79 Ms. Rosellen W. Schnurr '74 Teacher Ms. Elisabeth H. Schwabe ,'74 Managing Director Ms. Carolyn Vermont-Fuller '82 M'84 Executive Director Mr. Francis T. Vincent, Jr. * Chairman of the Board Boston College High School Boston, Massachusetts Clayton, Dubilier and Rice, Incorporated New York, New York Loughlin Creative, Incorporated Washington, DC Goldman, Sachs and Company New York, New York Reliant American Fort Worth, Texas Marquette University Milwaukee, Wisconson Regis High School New York, New York Kenilworth, Illinois Horizon Asset Management New York, New York TIAA-CREF Washington, DC Quick and ReillylFleet Securities, Incorporated New York, New York Rafferty Companies, LLC White Plains, New York New York,. New York The Salisbury School Salisbury, Connecticut Chase Securities, Incorporated New York, New York P.E.A.R.L. Bridgeport, Connecticut Vincent Enterprises, Incorporated Stamford, Connecticut FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY HONORARY DEGREES A WARDED COMMENCEMENT 1951 - 1999 1951: commencement. June 12 Most Reverend Henry J. O'Brien, D.D. - Doctor of Laws Most Reverend William R. Arnold, D.D. - Doctor of Laws Most Reverend John J. McEleney, S.J., D.D. - Doctor of Laws The Honorable J. Howard McGrath - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) 1952: Commencement, June 10 Most Reverend Monsignor Joseph Francis Domelly-Doctor of Laws The Honorable Charles Malik - Doctor of Laws Reverend Edward Bernard Rooney, S.J. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Frank Daniel Whalen - Doctor of Laws 1953: Commencement. June 9 Most Reverend John Francis Hackett, D.D. - Doctor of Laws Raymond Earl Baldwin - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Margaret Veronica Kiely - Doctor of Laws James Milton O'Neil - Doctor of Humane Letters 1954: Commencement, June 8 Most Reverend Joseph Lawrence Shehan, D.D. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) 1959: Commencement. June 9 Abraham Ribicoff - Doctor of Laws Most Reverend Bernard J. Flanagan, D.D. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Joseph Sullivan - Doctor of Laws John Peter Hagan - Doctor of Science 1960: Commencement. June 7 Henry Michael Hogan - Doctor of Laws Thomas Dresser White - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Reverend John J. Collins, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters 1961: Commencement, June 12 Herman Wfiam Steinlcraus - Doctor of Laws Right Reverend Monsignor Cornelius P. Tuelings - Doctor of Humane Letters Francis James Braceland - Doctor of Science (Speaker) 1962: Commencement, June 11 Most Reverend Walter Wfiam Curtis, S.T.D. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) 1963: Commencement, June 10 Right Reverend Monsignor John H. Anderson, D.D., P.A - Doctor of Laws WfiamJoseph Sanders - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Sir Alexander Bustamante, K B. - Doctor of Laws 1964: Commencement, June 8 Paul Horgan - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) 1965: Commencement, June 14 Wfiam Conley - Doctor of Laws Richard Cardinal Cushing - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Thomas Dodd - Doctor of Laws Henry W. Littlefield - Doctor of Laws 1966: Commencement, June 15 John Dempsey - Doctor of Laws James Vmcent Joy - Doctor of Laws John Courtney Murray - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Marion Anderson - Doctor of Humane Letters Igor Ivan Sikorsky - Doctor of Science 1967: Commencement, June 14 Howard Thomas Owens - Doctor of Laws ' Right Reverend Monsignor John Joseph Toomey - Doctor of Laws Donald Henry McGannon - Doctor of Humane Letters William Sumner Sirnpson - Doctor of Public Service Edward John Steichen - Doctor of Fine Arts Roger Tory Peterson - Doctor of Science 1968: Commencement, June 9 Edward Bennett Wiams - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Homer Daniels Babbidge, Jr. - Doctor of Humane Letters Arsene Croteau - Doctor of Humane Letters Peter Carl Goldmark - Doctor of Science 1969: Commencement, June 8 Dana Lyda Famsworth - Doctor of Science J. Gerald Phelan - Doctor of Arts Theodore Chaikin Sorensen - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Robert Penn Warren - Doctor of Hurnane Letters Amos Wiven Wdder - Doctor of Theology 1970: Commencement, June 17 Kenneth Burke - Doctor of Humane Letters Most Reverend Harold Robert Perry, S.V.D. - Doctor of Laws Edmund m t h Williamson - Doctor of Arts (Speaker) Korczak Ziolkowski - Doctor of Arts 1971: Commencement, May 30 John Whittaker Christensen - Doctor of Science Alvin Christian Eurich - Doctor of Humane Letters Harrison Edward Farnsworth - Doctor of Science Alexander Kipnis - Doctor of Fine Arts Morris King Udall - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) 1972: Commencement, May 28 Joseph Hoffer Blatchford - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Lawrence Warren Pierce - Doctor of Laws Max Tishler - Doctor of Science 1973: Commencement, June 3 Sidney P. Marland, Jr. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) Rene Jules Dubos - Doctor of Science 1974: Commencement, May 26 James Warren Birkenstock - Doctor of Laws Samuel Dash - Doctor of Civil Law (Speaker) William Styron - Doctor of Humane Letters John Joseph Sullivan - Doctor of Public Service 1975: Commencement, May 25 Reverend Wtlliam Charles McInnes, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters Richard Peter McKeon - Doctor of Humane Letters Reverend Theodore Martin Hesburgh - Doctor of Public Service John Joseph Sirica - Doctor of Civil Law (Speaker) 1976: Commencement, May 23 Samuel Waller Hawley - Doctor of Public Service Robert PaulRamsey - Doctor of Humane Letters Dean Rusk - Doctor of Civil Law (Speaker) 1977: Commencement, May 22 Vincent Albert Ciami, Jr. - Doctor of Public Service (Speaker) Wiam Homer Timbers - Doctor of Civil Law 1978: Commencement, May 28 Reverend James H Coughh, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters Evelyn Kennedy - Doctor of Public Service Stewart B. McKinney - Doctor of Public Service (Speaker) Arthur Miller - Doctor of Humane Letters 1979: Commencement, May 27 Ella Grasso - Doctor of Public Service Reverend Bernard Joseph Francis Lonergan, S. I. - Doctor of Humane Letters George Wiam Miller - Doctor of Public Administration (Speaker) 1980: Commencement, May 25 w i a m L. Hawkins - Doctor of Humane Letters David W.P. Jewitt - Doctor of Laws Reverend George Stirling Mahan, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters Reverend Joseph A O'Hare, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) 1981: Commencement, May 24 Reverend Joseph A Fitrmyer, S. I. - Doctor of Humane Letters Serena S. Merck - Doctor of Laws Reverend Bruce Ritter, O.F.M. - Doctor of Laws Alexander M. Haig, Jr. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) 1982: Commencement, May 23 Wfiam Joseph Dorfer, Jr. - Doctor of Laws Reverend Thomas R Fitzgerald, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) Jason Nelson Robards - Doctor of Humane Letters Andrew Clark Sigler - Doctor of Laws 1983: Commencement, May 22 Margaret Ann Farley - Doctor of Humane Letters Francis Joseph McNamara, Jr. - Doctor of Laws Elie Wiesel - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) 1984: Commencement, May 20 Robert M Hayes - Doctor of Laws Ted Koppel - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) Martha Elizabeth Rogers - Doctor of Science Lawrence Arthur Wien - Doctor of Laws 1985: Commencement, May 19 Arvin Brown - Doctor of Humane Letters Reverend George W. MacRae, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters Governor Wfiam O'Neill - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) SisterMary Consolata O'Connor, RS.M - Doctor of Humane Letters 1986: Commencement, May 18 Dr. Robert Coles - Doctor of Humane Letters Dith Pran - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) Reverend Wfiam Wallace, O.P.- Doctor of Humane Letters 1987: Commencement, Mav 18 Reverend Lawrence A Burke, S.J. - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) ' Alphonsus J. Donahue - Doctor of Laws Lucille Lortel - Doctor of Humane Letters Reverend David W. Tracy - Doctor of Humane Letters 1988: Commencement, May 22 Reverend Timothy Healy, S. J. - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) GeraldineW. Johnson - Doctor of Laws Ernest M Lorch - Doctor of Laws George F. Taylor - Doctor of Laws 1989: Commencement, May 21 Leonard Bernstein - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Clara McBride Hale - Doctor of Laws L. William Miles - Doctor of Laws 1990: Commencement, Mav 20 John J. Phelan - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Fortune Pope - Doctor of Laws Willie H. R . -Doctor of Humane Letters 1991: Commencement, May 19 W f i h M. Joel - Doctor of HumaneLetters (Speaker) Judge Ellen Bree Bums - Doctor of Laws Reverend Martin McCarthy, S. J. - Doctor of Science Paul Volcker - Doctor of Laws 1992: Commencement, May 17 John A Barone - Doctor of Science Thomas Edmund Aquinas Carew -Doctor of Laws Harold W. McGraw, Jr. - Doctor of Humane Letters Carmen F. Donnarumrna- Speaker 1993: Commencement, Mav 23 Ann Woodruff Compton - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Reverend I.Bryan Hehir - Doctor of Humane Letters James Dewey Watson - Doctor of Science 1994: Commencement, May 22 E. Gerald Conigan - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) John J. Higgins, S.J. - Doctor of Laws Robert Conover Macauley - Doctor of Laws Archbishop Rembert G. Weakland, O.S.B. - Doctor of Laws 1995: Commencement, May 21 Jean Kennedy Smith - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) JacquelynC. Durrell - Doctor of Laws Marian L. Heard - Doctor of Laws M e d C. Karnrner, S.J. - Doctor of Laws 1996: Commencement May 19 Harris Wofford - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Milton J. Hinton - Doctor of Humane Letters George W. Hunt, S.J. - Doctor of Humane Letters Dorothy Bannow Larson - Doctor of Laws 1997: Commencement May 18 Thomas John Brokaw - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) Lawrence E. Doby - Doctor of Laws George Burton Harvey - Doctor of Laws Elizabeth Marie P£iiem - Doctor of Laws 1998: Commencement, May 17 Carole Simpson - Doctor of Humane Letters (Speaker) David E.A. Carson - Doctor of Laws Thomas F. Banchoff - Doctor of Science 1999: Commencement, May 23 Mark D. Gearan - Doctor of Laws (Speaker) James L. Connor, S. J. - 'Doctor of Humane Letters Gustav Meier - Doctor of Laws Leslie C. Quick, Jr. - Doctor of Laws HONORARY DEGREES A WARDED SPECIAL CErPEMONIES 1964: Shakespeare Convocation, Spring Dame Judith Anderson - Shakespearean Actress George Bagshawe Harrison - sl$kespearean Scholar Elliot Norton - Drama Critic Joseph Vemer Reed - Director, American Shakespeare Theater Margaret Webster - Producer 1965: Dante Celebration, Fall Eva LeGalliene - Actress Thomas G. Bergin - Yale Dante Scholar Dr. Sergio Fenoalte. - Italian Ambassador to the U.S. 1966: Spanish Festival, Fall Jose Greco - Flamenco Dancer Hon. John D. Lodge - Former U.S. Ambassador to Spain Juan Serrano- Flamenco Guitarist Marquis de Meny del Val - Spanish Ambassador to the U.N. 1967: A Salute to Opera, Fall Licia Albanese - Opera Singer Dr. Denis Stevens1operaSinger Norman Treigle - Opera Singer 1968: American Music, Fall David W. Brubeck - Pianist Aaron Copland - Composer/PianistM70nductor Richard Rodgers - Composer VigilThomson - Music Critic 1969: Black American Culture, Fall Gordon Parks - Photo-Journalist, Director BiUy Taylor - Jazz Pianist James Earl Jones - Actor 1970: Beethoven Spring Festival, Spring David Manning Keiser - Pianist Joseph WfiedKermen - Musicologist Tossy Spivakovsky - Violinist 1971: Outstandine Women, Fa11 Sarah Caldwell - Opera Irnpressario Ruby Dee - Actress Anne Sexton - Poetess Margaret Chase Smith - U.S. Senator 1995: Bellarmine Medal of Honor. October 26 Cokie Roberts - Congressional Correspondent for ABC News 1996: John LaFar~eS. .J. Award. January 18 Dr. Michael Dyson, Human Rights Author 1996: Multicultural Convocation. September 9 Dr. Evelyn Hu-DeHart - Professor of History, University of Colorado Director of the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America 1996: Bellarmine Medal of Honor. October 7 Jean-Bertrand Aristide - Former President of Haiti 1997: John LaFar~eS. .J. Award, January 29 Julian Bond, Civil Rights Leader 1997: .Multicultural Convocation, September 5 Rev. Gregory C. Chisholm, S.J., Assistant Professor, University of Detroit-Mercy and Fairfield University Trustee 1998: Multicultural Convocation. September 18 Jonathan Kozol, Author 1999: Mul~ticulturaCl onvocation. October 18 Maria Hinojosa, Journalist with CNN RECIPIENTS OF soTHANNIWRSAR Y MEDALS Louis F. Bantle* Dr. John A. Barone and Mrs. Rose Marie Pace Barone* Dorothy Bennett* James W. Birkenstock* Frances C. Brennan*** Robert J. Brennan, Jr. A765, P'91, '93* Patrick J. Carolan A'59, P'85, '89* Dr. E. Gerald Corrigan A'63* Rev. James Coughlin, S.J.* Charles F. Dolan P'85, '86* Terrence M. Donahue** Professor Carmen F. Donnarumma P'73, '75* Rev. Charles Duffy, S.J.*** Jacky DurrelI*** William P. Egan A '67* Rev. Anthony Eiardi, S .J.* Frank V. Feroleto A '5 1 *** Rev. Thomas Fitzgerald, S.J.*** Ernil Garofalo** Helen Gilhuly*** Veronica Gleason* Arthur J. Hedge, Jr. P '91 ** David W.P. Jewitt* Bishop Alfred Jolson, S.J.** W~lliamJ. Kramer A '60, P '83,'85,'96* * Conferred by University ** Conferred by Prep **"Conferred Jointly by University and Prep Mliations indicated pertain to University only. Rev. Laurence Langguth, S. J. * Rev. Victor Leeber, S. J.* Roger M. Lynch A '63 * Rev. George Mahan, S.J.*** Rev. Thomas A. McGrath, S.J.* Rev. William McInnis, S.J.* Thomas E. McKinney A '72* L. William Miles P '84, '85, '95* Rev. Thomas A. Murphy, S. J.** Dr. Vincent Murphy* Robert M. Owens*** Albert Paolini** John G. Phelan P '89""" Leslie C. Quick, Jr. P '77, '79, '82* Ruth Lampland Ross* Dr. Robert D. Russo, Sr.* Dr. John P. Sachs, P '79* Miriam Slater* Professor Chester Stuart* John J. Sullivan*** Robert Sylvester** Dr. Carmen A. Tortora P '8 1** Mr. Robert Trudel** Patrick J. Waide, Jr. A '59* Thomas J. Walsh, Jr. P '78, '88* ACCREDITATION AND MEMBERSHIPS OF THE UNIVERSITY Accreditation Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology American Association for Mamage and Family Therapy American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business American Chemical Society American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs National League for Nursing New England Association of Schools and Colleges State of Connecticut Board of Examiners for Nursing State of Connecticut Department of Education State of Connecticut Department of Higher Education Memberships American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business American Association for Higher Education American Association of Colleges and Universities American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education American Council for Higher Education American Council on Education American Society for Engineering Education Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities Association of Continuing Higher Education Association of Independent Liberal Arts Colleges for Teacher Education Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities Connecticut Association of Colleges and Universities for Teacher Education Connecticut Conference of Independent Colleges Connecticut Council for Higher Education Connecticut League for Nursing Council for the Advancement and Support of Education National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities National Catholic Educational Association National League for Nursing New England Business and Economic Association New England Conference on Business Administration North American Association of Summer Sessions Northeast Business and Economic Association Fairfield University Organizational Chart I YF TRUSTEES PRESIDENTi VlCE PRESIDENT VlCE PRESIDENT FOR FINANCE FOR UNIVERSITY AND TREASURER ADVANCEMENT I oEvEL.lMENT WMAN -- FAClkTY A T W R C WRCHASINO - CONTROLLER ALUMNI REmTI(*(s - RESWRCES REPRESENTATIVE I RISK MANAOEMMT -- ATMETICS AND INSURANCE RECARNEDAT ION INVESTMENTS - ACCWNTINO ADRVEASNECAERMCHEW -- ANNUAL OlVlNQ FlMNClAL REPORTINO - BURSAR PUBLIC RELATIONS = - MAJOR OIFTS LEOAL AND - CASH PVBLICATYY(O - - CORPORATIONS CONTRACTS MAMOEMENT - ENEMY - P A m a L PRlNTlNO A ORAPHlC - - MAMOEMENT FWMIATIONS - BVWET SPORTS - - DESVEERLOVIPCMEESN T ADMINISTRATH INFORMATION AMlTlNO SPECIAL EVENTS -' PI-ANNED OlVlNO C ORANTS CONTRU OFFICE OF MANAOEMENT INFORMATH SEPTEMBER lDOQ ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE HEAD COUNT Underpraduate* Graduate Fall FT PT Total -FT PT Total *includes School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering credit students 8PS IPS LZP ZLC 9CC 162 S9Z 9LZ S €2 6L ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT HEAD COUNT BY DIVISION Fall Graduate Total 1980 97 1 5,062 1981 939 5,131 1982 936 4,960 1983 1,040 5,242 1984 1,030 5,104 1985 1,019 5,077 1986 1,050 5,126 1987 946 4,949 1988 799 4,878 1989 791 4,895 *includes School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering credit students ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT UNDERGRADUATE HEAD COUNT BY SCHOOL College of Fall Arts & Sciences 1970 2,073 1971 2,196 1972 2,395 1973 2,426 1974 2,462 1975 * 2,537 1976 2,504 1977 2,549 1978 1,737 1979 1,693 School of Business - - - - - - - - 877 90 1 School of Nursing 20 54 109 139 172 176 171 174 174 178 School of Total Enpineering Undereraduate 2,093 2,250 2,504 2,565 2,634 2,7 13 2,675 2,723 2,788 2,772 *in subsequent years part-time students are registered through the School of Continuing Education A Does not include Visiting Students ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT UNDERGRADUATE HEAD COUNT BY SCHOOL School of Continuing Education* School of Engineering** Fall Full-Time Part-Time Total Full-Time Part-Time Total 1971 - - - 1972 - 86 86 1973 - 233 233 1974 - 330 330 1975 16 488 504 1976 30 623 653 1977 48 69 1 739 1978 42 798 840 1979 5 1 910 961 *credit students **merged-with airfield University on August 1, 1994 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERLNG and SCHOOL OF NURSING FULL-TIME ENROLLMENT BY YEAR AND GENDER Fall 1999 Year Men Women Total Freshmen 395 453 848 * Sophomore 381 477 858 Junior 339 385 724 Senior Visiting Students Total Full- Time Students * 837 are first-time full time Freshmen Academic Year Enrollment Thousands lUndergraduate Headcount UUndergraduate FTE* oGraduate Headcount BGraduate FTE* * FTE = Full Time Equivalent ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT GRADUATE HEAD COUNT BY SCHOOL Graduate School of School of Business Education & Allied Professions* Financial Business Fall** Full-Time Part-Time Total Manapement Administration 1970 66 1,325 1,391 1971 55 1,312 1,367 1972 5 1 1,32 1 1,372 1973 59 1,613 1,672 1974 77 1,487 1,564 1975 56 1,445 1,501 1976 34 1,211 1,245 1977 48 1,045 1,093 1978 45 863 908 1979 26 780 806 *1982-86 Graduate Education was included in School of Graduate and Continuing Education **Please see early editions of Fact Book for years 1965-69 ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT GRADUATE HEAD COUNT BY SCHOOL School of College of School of Nursing Arts & Sciences Engineering Masters American Management Software Fall Propram Studies of Technolow Engineering IOL'I ~ P sI ' ZSP'T 019'1 1 PP' I 06P' 1 O£Sbl 90£'1 PPP' 1 9PP' 1 ZIS P6P Z6P 9£P 9ZP 1 IP ZLP ZPP S6P ~ 1 0 ' 1 860' 1 ~60'1 S96 zoo' 1 0 ~ 1 ' 1 PS2'1 ~ 9 1 ' 1 £91'1 020'1 NOZSIAIaX8JNRO3 UVHH .LNZ..7702fNH NOISSHS XHHRS ACADEMIC YEAR ENROLLMENT FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT* Pall Under~raduate Graduate Total 1965 1,401 316 1,717 1966 1,514 365 1,879 1967 1,658 400 2,058 1968 1,673 438 2,111 1969 1,843 474 2,3 17 * includes School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering credit students 69-5961 sleah JOJ yooa 1 3 qJO suoylpa Lpa aas aseald,, *sluapwsa luq-lltg a n o q s~~ o s p i~lepH ~Iu ap!saa gp 8urpnlau1, 8~2'2 £92'2 ooe'z CLASS OF 2003 PROFILE ADMISSIONS Applications Accepted Enrolled on October 1, 1999 * COLLEGE BOARDS (MEAN) Verbal Math HIGH SCHOOL DECILES ** First Decile Second Decile Third Decile Fourth Decile Fifth Decile Below Fifth Decile 22% 26% 19% 16% 10% 7% SAT MATH MID 50% RANGE SAT VERBAL MID 50% RANGE MEN 2,976 1,78 1 391 574 594 SAT Scores 700-800 600-699 500-599 400-499 300-399 No SAT 540-620 530-620 WOMEN TOTAL 3,480 6,456 2,186 3,967 446 837 576 575 575 584 Verbal Math 4% 5% 30% 36% 52% 47% 10% 8% 4 % 4 % 4% 4% ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Presidents of the National Honor Society National Merit Commended Students Student government Presidents or class Presidents Editors of school newspaper or yearbook Eagle Scouts Recognized for academic excellence and commitment to community through Book Awards Bo ys1Girls State representatives Awarded Hugh O'Brien Youth Leadership Awards * First-Time Freshmen **Deciles of those reporting; Class rank not available for 40% of class. MEAN SAT SCORES FRESHMAN CLASS VERBAL MATH -Class 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 * Arts & Sciences o - -- 533 5 10 Nursing -- -- 544 539 Business - 0 - o 0 - Average Verbal 545 549 555 536 534 512 Arts & Sciences --- - 556 540 Nursing 0 - - 0 552 556 Business -- - - - - Average Math 563 568 566 558 555 54 1 Combined -Totals 1108 11 17 1121 1094 1089 1053 529 518 535 515 5 18 489 516 514 485 479 549 535 539 536 554 559 558 563 564 565 555 524 536 535 538 532 532 540 53 1 515 503 458 475 465 568 573 572 590 533 506 548 518 MEAN SAT SCORES FRESHMAN CLASS VERBAL MATH Arts & Average Arts & Average Combined Class Sciences Nursing Business Verbal Sciences Nursing Business Math Totals 1994 529 462 509 521 585 501 60 1 586 1- 107 1995 519 472 494 509 571 514 582 570 1079 1996 512 492 473 504 563 523 575 562 1066 1997 504 479 486 498 559 529 571 560 1058 1998 512 449 488 502 565 491 574 562 1064 1999 509 484 484 501 568 529 573 567 1068 2000 560 523 542 552 555 515 563 555 1107 ** 2001 567 532 548 561 568 5 18 572 567 1128 2002 569 529 553 563 574 528 581 575 1138 *Although the School of Nursing opened in 1970, separate admissions statistics were not kept until Fall 1974 which is the Class of 1978. **Recentered UNDERGRADUATEADMISSIONS TREND Applications Received Persons Admitted Fall Nursing Business S Nursing Business 1970 - - - - - 1971 1972 1973 1974 * 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Freshmen Enrolled Total A& NursingBusinessm 1,346 - - - 698 1,419 - - - 683 1,359 - - 703 1,43 8 - - - 723 1,470 70 1 46 - 747 1,54 1 717 44 - 76 1 1,687 704 44 - 748 1,848 727 49 - 776 1,966 540 51 23 1 822 1,796 468 52 184 704 UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS TREND Applications Received Persons Admitted Freshmen Enrolled A&S Nursing Business Total A&S Nursing Business Total A&S Nursing Business Total 3,609 245 95 1 4,805 2,565 174 681 3,420 61 1 70 189 870 ** 3,475 285 1,024 4,784 2,446 184 716 3,346 548 49 184 781 ** 3,3 98 244 953 4,595 2,594 18 1 728 3,503 571 49 186 806 ** 3,445 232 1,164 4,841 2,425 170 830 3,425 532 43 223 798 ** ; 3,702 228 1,323 5,253 2,602 172 979 3,75 3 575 43 273 891 ** 4,007 182 1,365 5,494 2,696 141 910 3,747 613 39 237 889 ** 3,849 179 1,580 5,608 2,558 128 1,014 3,700 588 29 258 875 * Although the School of Nursing opened in 1970, separate admission statistics were not kept until 1974 ** Non first-time freshman are included in count. See next page for detail. ***Please see early editions of Fact Book for years 1965-69 Freshmen Data Fall Semester mFirst Quintile* 0First Decile** UConnecticut Residency * Students in top 1/5 of high school graduating class ** Students in top 1/10 of high school graduating class FIRST TIMIE FRESHMEN DATA 1982 - 1999 Class 01-0ct First Time Non-First Time Freshmen Fall Year Enrollment Freshmen Transfers Readmit StatusChp* *includes changes from School of Continuing Education UPPERCLASSMEN BY MAJORS* Fall 1995to 1999 Collepe of Arts & Sciences American Studies Communication Economics English History International Studies Mod. Languages & Literature Philosophy Politics Psychology B.A. Religious Studies Sociology & Anthropology Visual & Performing Arts Biology Chemistry Computer Science Economics Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Psychology B.S. Undeclared Total School of Business Accounting Finance Information Systems International Studies Management Marketing Undeclared Total School of Enpineering School of Nursing Total Visiting Students Grand Total *All classes excluding Freshmen FRESHMEN BY MAJORS CLASS OF 2003 Collepe of Arts & Sciences American Studies Commuuication Economics English History International Studies Modern Languages & Literature Philosophy Politics Psychology Religious Studies Sociology & Anthropology Visual & Performing Arts Liberal Arts Undeclared Biology Chemistry Computer Science Economics Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Psychology Total Arts & Sciences School of Business Accounting Finance Information Systems International Studies Management Marketing Business Undeclared Total Business School of Enpineering School of Nursing Grand Total *837 are first-time Freshmen COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF NURSING FULL-TIME ENROLLMENT BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION Geographical Region 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 New Eneland Connecticut 91 1 904 906 891 830 Maine 19 9 8 7 12 Massachusetts 434 462 475 528 563 New Hampshire 3 1 38 37 44 46 Rhode Island 59 62 59 58 64 Vermont -14 -16 -14 -17 -16 Total New England Middle Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Maryland New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Total Middle Atlantic 1,301 1,33 1 1,368 1,434 1,400 44% 44% 44% 45% 44% Other States 139 139 153 130 161 Foreign Countries 40 59 56 53 53 U.S. Territories -8 -11 -10 -7 -6 Total Other Regions 187 209 219 190 220 6% 7% 7% 6% 7% Total Full Time Enrollment: 2,956 3,03 1 3,086 3,169 3,151 Source: University Registrar's October 1 Statistical Report GEOGRAPHICAL COMPOSITE CLASS OF 2003* State State Arizona Michigan Cali fomia Minnesota Colorado New Hampshire Connecticut New Jersey ,Delaware New York District of Columbia Ohio Florida Pennsylvania Georgia Puerto Rico Illinois Rhode Island Kentucky Tennessee Maine Texas Maryland Virginia Massachusetts Wisconsin Other Other Brazil India El Salvador Ireland England Peru Guatamala Spain * First time Freshmen Ethnic Detail % of Undergraduate Enrollment '89 - '99 Academi'c Year ACADEMIC YEAR ETHNIC DETAIL* FULL-TIME UNDERGRADUATES Asian or Black Native Pacific Percent of Fall Non-Hispanic American Islander Hispanic Multi-Ethnic Total Enrollment 1976 61 - 10 54 125 4.7 1978 5 1 - 3 37 91 3.3 Percent of Enrolkment 2.8% 0.2% 2.7% 3.7% 0.4% (3151) *As reported in the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEG1S)- Fall Enrollment requiring ethnic detail every two years until 1986. **HEGIS surveys became IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education System Surveys) and required that ethnic data be reported annually. ETHNIC DATA BY CLASS 1999 - 2000 Multi- Native Ethnic Asian Afro-Amer Hispanic American Total TOTAL 14(6/8) 85(35/50) 88(45143) 117(53/64) 5(2/3) 309(141/168) 4.53% 27.50% 28.47% 37.86% 1.61% 9.8 1 % Undergraduate Enrollment 3 15 1 NON-RESIDENT ALIEN* 1999 - 2000 Male Female Visiting Students 6 Class of 2003 -6 Class of 2002 5 Class of 2001 7 Class of 2000 5 Undergraduate Day Total 29 EngineeringISCE Graduate Students GRAND TOTAL *Full Time Undergraduate Students represent 30 countries. All students represent 40 countries. Does not include Permanent Resident students. TRANSFERADMISSIONS TREND 1999-00 Fall Spr* 1998-99 Fall Spr* 1997-98 Fall Spr* 1996-97 Fall Spr* 1995-96 Fall Spr* 1994-95 Fall Spr* 1993-94 Fall Spr* Applications Acceptances Enrolled 170 68 36 199 106 55** 55 32 20 200 88 29 72 34 14 189 101 55** 77 43 21 217 127 48 58 39 20 204 68 34 81 55 29 217 53 24 59 29 18 Admitted As Second Semester Freshmen Enrollment Yield 53% 52% 63% 34% 41% 50% 49% 38% 51% 50% 53% 45% 62% * In addition, 6 first-time freshmen were enrolled for Spring 99 * In addition, 2 first-time freshmen were enrolled for Spring 98, of which one went to SCE * In addition, 1 first-time freshman was enrolled for Spring 97 * In addition, 1 first-time freshman was enrolled for Spring 95 * In addition, 1 first-time freshman was enrolled for Spring 94 ** Includes 1 student who changed to part time RETENTION DA TA Returned Returned Returned Graduated Graduated Graduated Class FTF* 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years * First Time Freshmen - Original Cohort **Retention Data not calculated prior to Fall of 1994 (Class of 1998). COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & SCHOOL OF NUMING GRADUATION & MTHDRA WAL STATISTICS* Freshmen Graduates Graduates Graduates Total Still Class Admitted IzQuLkS EkAkS Six Years Graduab ,lhmkd P P P P P P P P P P P P I I h ) h ) V I * O \ W u l W i ] O \ c - r t - $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ DEGREES A WARDED BS Arts& Bachelors Bachelors Masters Masters Masters Masters Adv. Studies Year 88 E n Sciences Business* Nursing Education Comm Business Nursing Education Honorary** Total 138 115 18,420 4,974 1,272 7,573 1,010 332 54 2,142 199 *** * the School of Business awarded its first degrees as a separate school (1979) **Includes 4 Honorary degrees awarded at the University Convocation, November 8, 1984 (1985) ***Includes 33 Honorary degrees awarded at Festivals 1964- 1972 - -- - DEPARTMENT OF ATHLETICS I I INTERCOLLEGIATE TEAMS Record Athletes Record Athletes 1998-99 1999-00 1998-99 1999-00 Baseball 23W-23L 31 Women's Lacrosse 8 W - 8 L 24 Men's Basketball 12W-15L 15 Women's Crew ** ## 36 Women's Basketball 12W-15L 13 Men's Soccer # 15W-4L-1 24 Men's Cross Country ## 15 Women's Soccer # 18W - 2L 21 Women's Cross Country ## 13 Softball 26W-30L 18 Field Hockey * 14W - 8L 22 Men's SwirnmingDiving 0 W - 12 L 17 Football ** # 9W-2L 110 ; Women's SwimmingDiving 3 W - 8 L 31 Men's Golf ** ## 12 1 Men's Tennis 8 W - 7 L 7 Women's Golf ** ## 12 Women's Tennis l o w - 8 L 7 Ice Hockey * 1W-31L 30 Volleyball 35W -2L 10 Men's Lacrosse l o w - 7L 39 1 I I I I i * NonMAACSports , # Also sponsored ajunior varsity team as of 98-99 q I Varsity Student-Athlete Graduation Rate: For student-athletes who were recruited and received an athletic grant-in-aid scholarships upon entering college: 74% for those who entered in 1992-93. 83% - Four Class Average. Student Athletes entering from 1983-1993: Graduation Rate 99% (Source: Official NCAA 1998 Graduation Rate Report) . I I I Conference Affiliations: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) - Division I, Metro Atlantic Athletic 8 Conference (MAAC), Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), Patriot League (Field Hockey only). I I Athletic Department Support Services: Sports Medicine, Sports Information, Programs for Student-Athletes (Academic Counseling), S.T.A.G.S. Program, Student-Athlete Advisory Committee, Faculty Athletic Committee. I I i I 1 - Athletic Development: Lyons-Lademan Athletic Fund I I I , I I 1998-99 Athletic Accomplishments: Women's Golf - MAAC Champions; Men's Lacrosse - ECAC Champions; Women's Soccer - MAAC Champions, NCAA Tournament Qualifiers; Women's Volleyball - MAAC Champions, I NCAA Tournament Qualifiers; Football - MAAC Champions; Women's Lacrosse - MAAC Champions; 1 ! Women's MAAC Commissioner Cup. I I I 1 CLUB SPORTS PROGRAM I FACILITIES AND FIELDS Equestrian Club (Coed) !AlumniHall (2,749) Karate (Coed) / Alumni Field (3,000) i Men's Rugby I , 'University Field (Astroturf) ! I I Women's Rugby I Alumni Diamond (1,000) 5 I I I I I Rowing (Men) ** i Recreation Complex (with pool) ; Skiing (Coed) Locker Room Facility I I I I I Spirit (Cheerleaders, Dance Team, Pep Band) ;AthleticsCenter (Athletic weight room) , , I Men's Volleyball [TennisCourts (6) I Men's and Women's Track I IBarlow, Campion, Grauert, Intramural, Varsity Fields BELLARMINE A WARD Instituted in 195 1, the Bellarmine Award honors the graduating senior with the highest four year academic average. 195 1 Thaddeus J. Krok 1952 James D. Eplett 1953 Jerome J. Maher 1954 Robert R. Petrucelli 1955 Florio J. Moretti 1956 John B. Pampel 1957 Francis X. Mathews 1958 Vincent H. Morrissette 1959 Patrick J. Waide 1960 Anthony Sarlo 1961 Denis E. Gannon 1962 George S. Mihalik 1963 Brian F. Dunn 1964 John J. Horvath Justin M. Schwarnm 1965 Denis A. Robitaille 1966 James F. McGrath 1967 Michael L. Guri 1968 Daniel G. Madigan 1969 Gerald J. Sabo 1970 G. Simon Harak 1971 Michael F. Janczecki 1972 Thomas J. Condon 1973 Gary W. Peloquin 1974 Robert A. Chlebowski 1975 Kathryn M. Fenton 1976 Richard P. Pitre 1977 Maryellen Ehlers Michael D. Malloy 1978 Linda M. Cipriano Janet F. Rome 1979 James M. Kondziela 1980 Anthony G. Ciccaglione 1981 James M. Haley Margaret E. O'Donoghue 1982 Leda Jacenko Ralph A. Lanza 1983 Carol J. Murphy 1 984 Salvatore Guerrera, Jr. 1985 Laura E. Broggini 1986 Cecile A. Mazzucco 1987 Sandra L. Jacopian 1988 Frank B. Giacobetti 1989 Kellie A. Cosgrove Keith B. DeLeon 1990 Maura P. Foley 1 99 1 Christine Stachowicz 1992 James T. Klosowski 1993 Kathleen M. Doody 1994 Madeleine A. Fugere 1995 Scott M. Warrender 1996 Kurt W. Hackbarth 1997 Christopher J. Talluto - 1998 Jose C. Simoes 1999 Michael M. Franz ST. IGNATIUS LOYOLA MEDAL Instituted in 1952 by the alumni association, the Loyola Medal honors an outstanding member of the graduating class each year who has clearly maximized opportunities for intellectual, emotional and social growth throughout his or her four years at Fairfield University. This award is the highest honor bestowed by the alumni association to a graduating senior and is presented to the student who best exemplifies the true spirit of the Jesuit education provided by Fairfield University. 1952 John Relihan, Jr. 1953 Thomas Bepko 1954 Joseph Macary, Jr. 1955 William Prendergast 1956 Peter DeMarco 1957 David McCarthy James Rouke 195 8 Paul Nagy 1959 Randolph Harper 1960 Joseph Annunziata 1961 Louis Parent 1962 Michael Kiernan 1963 William Reidy 1964 Charles Bialowas 1965 Frederick Lorensen 1966 William McCarthy 1967 Gerard Smyth 1968 James DeFronzo 1969 Thomas Josefiak 1970 J. Peter Notch 197 1 John Fallon Robert Murphy 1972 Richard Umbdenstock 1973 Timothy Grace 1974 Gary Dittrich 1975 Richard Canel Sean Harrigan 1976 Clare Carney 1977 Patrick Cleary James Johnson 1978 Geraldine Morrissey 1979 Thomas McLarney 1980 Carolen Fette Stephen Chessare 198 1 Valerie Johnson 1982 Janet Canepa 1983 Elizabeth Kramer Karen Hill 1984 Mary-Margaret Walsh 1985 Fran Kenneally 1986 John Mancini 1 98 7 Honora Willcutts 1988 Karen 0' Rourke 1989 Christopher Chiodo 1990 Laura Keenan 199 1 Robert McCann Julie Ruggiero 1992 Edward Hardiman 1993 Stephen Shannon 1994 James McDonnell 1995 James Sulzer 1996 Mark Reed 1997 Melissa Conroy 1998 Robert Harrison I11 1999 Christine Kelleher 70,. FELL0 WSHIP RECIPIENTS Term Name Class Maior Country Fulbright Grants: Scholarship for Research Abroad 1993-94 Sheila Hayes 1992 Politics Sri Lanka 1994-95 Alycen McAuley 1994 Politics Morocco 1994-96 Alicia Smith 1994 Biology Bolivia 1994-95 Jennifer S orensen 1994 Chemistry Hungary 1995-96 Jill Peters 1995 English Solomon Islands 1995-96 Pia Hartman 1995 Economics Malta 1996-97 Jennifer Adonizio 1996 English South Korea 1996-97 Michael Allison 1996 Politics El Salvador 1997-98 Daniel Cook 1996 English Chile 1997-98 Jae Jun 1997 Psychology South Korea 1997-98 Eric Roland 1997 International Studies . Uruguay 1997-98 Christhy Vidal 1997 Politics Argentina 1998-99 Angela Allen 1998 EnglishIGerman Germany 1998-99 Kristen Carnmarata . 199 1 Politics/English Lit Morocco 1998-99 Stacey Pascarella 1998 Psychology (BA) Canada 1998-99 Robert Varley 1998 English Korea - 1999-00 Patrick Johnson 1999 Nursing Greece Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship: Undergraduate Tuition Support for Outstanding Student in the Natural Sciences and Mathematics 1997-1998 Jose Simoes 1998 Biology 1 998-2000 Matthew Day 2000 Mathematics/Economics Jacob K. Javits Fellowship: Scholarship for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, Humanities, and Fine Arts 1997-2002 Jeanne Ryan 1997 EnglishIMusic University of Michigan National Security Education Program (NSEP): Scholarship for Study Abroad Outside Western Europe Summer '98 Jarrett Basedow 2001 International Studies Russia Fall 1999 Cristen Duncan 200 1 International Studies Russia National Institutes of Health (NIH): Scholarship for Graduate Studies in Health Sciences 1996-200 1 Alicia Smith 1994 Biology . University of Virginia Morris K. Udall Scholarship: Undergraduate Tuition Support for Outstanding Student in Environmental Policy and Science 1998-1999 Michael D. England 2000 Chemistry RECIPIENTS OF OTHER DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARSHIPS Term Name Class Major CBS Foundation Scholarship 1998- 1999 Beth Caldwell Communication 1999-2000 Theodore Rawls Comunication Fall 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 TEACHING FACULTY* Full- Time Equivalent 19 70-1 999 Graduate 29 41 42 42 41 45 43 36 38 30 Total 160 188 192 205 205 213 218 207 213 203 *excluding those on year's leave or sabbatical, administrators with faculty status, and those adjuncts in Schoolpof Continuing Education and School of Engineering. "includes adjuncts in School of Engineering UNDERGWUATE TEACHING FACULTY I 9 70-1999 Full-Time Faculty Fall Lav Religious 1970 ** 99 27 1971 111 29 1972 110 32 1973 119 30 1974 121 28 1975 123 25 1976 125 23 1977 127 20 1978 125 22 1979 130 19 Total 126 140 142 149 149 148 148 147 147 149 Part-Time Faculty Total 15 20 23 43 46 61 80 72 85 71 Total Undergrad Faculty 141 160 165 192 195 209 228 219 232 220 * Pre-1994 excludes faculty on year's leavelsabbatical and administrators with faculty status. **Pre-1970please see earlier editions of the Fact Book ( ) Number of additional adjunct faculty in the School of Continuing Education and School of Engineering " Pre-1997 included duplicate headcount in SCE GRADUATE TEACHING FACULTY 19 70-1 999 Fall 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Full-Time Faculty Lav Relieious ** 18 3 20 5 20 4 20 4 19 4 21 3 20 2 19 2 Part-Time Faculty Total Total Total Faculty 25 46 48 73 53 77 53 77 55 78 62 86 63 85 45 66 71 53 * Pre-1994 excludes year's leav.e/sabbaticals and administrators with faculty status. **Pre-1970 see early editions of the Fact Book Teachina Facultv* Number of Faculty 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 lUndergraduate EIUndergraduate FTE oGraduate WGraduate FTE * Excluding administrators with faculty status. 1 FULL-TIME FACULTY* By School and Tenure Status Fall 1999 Under~raduateD ivision Tenure Non-Tenure Total Full- Time Facultv Arts & Sciences Business Engineering Nursing Total % Total Graduate Division Education % Total Total University % Total * excluding administrators with faculty status. FULL-TIME GRADUA TE'FACULTY BY PROGRAM, RANK, GENDER FALL - 1999 School Graduate School of Education Associate Assistant and Allied Professions Professor Professor Professor Instructor Total Counselor of Education Educational Technology Psychology and Special Education Curriculum & Instruction Marriage & Family Therapy TESOL, Foreign Language & Bilingual/Multicultural Education TOTAL All Faculty* ( ,) indicates Malememale breakout * excludes administrators with faculty status FULL - TIME FACULTY* FALL 1999 82. TERMINAL DEGREES BY GRANTING INSTITUTIONS Andover Newton Theological School Arizona State University Boston College Boston University Brown University Carnegie Mellon University Case Western Reserve University Catholic University City University of New York Columbia University Connecticut College Cornell University Dartrnouth DePaul University Florida Atlantic University Fordham University Georgetown University Hartford Seminary Harvard University Indiana University Kent State Loyola University Manhattan School of Music Marquette University Massachusetts Institute of Technology McGill University McMasters University Memphis State University Michigan State University New School for Social Research New York University Ohio State University Oklahoma State University Old Dominion Oregon State Oxford University Pace University Pennsylvania State University Polytechnic University Princeton University Purdue University Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute * Does not include administrators with faculty rank. Rutgers University St. Bonaventure St. Louis University Suffolk University SUNY Bingharnton SUNY Stonybrook Tufts University Universite Paul Valery University of Arizona University of Birmingham University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles University of Chicago University of Connecticut University of Delaware University of Denver University of Houston University of Illinois University of Iowa University of Maryland University of Massachusetts University of ~innesota University of New Hampshire University of North Carolina University of North Texas University of Notre Dame University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh University of Rhode Island University of Rochester University of Santiago University of Texas University of Toronto University of Virginia University of Warwick University of Washington University of Wisconsin Vanderbilt University Virginia Polytechnic Institute Washington University Wesleyan University Yale University Yeshiva University FULL-TIME TEACHING FACULTY* BY HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED AND RANK FALL 1999 Undereraduate Division Professor Associate Assistant Instructor Total Percentare Doctorate 58 58 50 1 167 89% Masters - 2 15 3 20 11% TOTAL 58 60 65 4 187 100% Graduate Division Doctorate 6 2 11 - 19 100% Masters - - - - - 0% TOTAL 6 2 11 - 19 100% Total University Doctorate 64 60 61 1 186 90% Masters - 2 15 3 20 10% TOTAL 64 62 76 4 206 100% *including faculty on sabbatical but excluding administrators with faculty status FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY Faculty Emeriti Albert Abbott Henry E. Allinger George C. Baehr, Jr. Joseph E. Boggio Daniel S. Buczek Vincent M. Bums, S.J. Augustine J. Caffi-ey Albert A. Cardoni, S. J. William F. Carr, S.J. Salvatore A. Carrano Marguerite R. Carroll Donald A. Coleman Rosalie M. Colman Anthony Costa Richard D. Costello, S.J. James H. Coughlin, S. J.* Arsene Croteau * Paul Davis Richard C. DeAngelis Robert L. DeMichiell William G. Devine, S.J. Carmen F. Donnarurnrna Robert Dubroff Anthony J. Eiardi, S.J. Robert G. Emerich * James F. Farnham Thomas J. Fitzpatrick William J. Garrity Peter Michael Gish Joseph G. Grassi * Morris Grossman Mario F. Guarcello * William H. Hohmann, S.J. * Gerald F. Hutchinson, S. J. * Patricia M. Jenkins Julia M. Johnston Victor F. Leeber, S.J. Palko S. Lukacs * Donald D. Lynch, S. J. Matthew J. McCarthy Gerard B. McDonald * James H. McElaney Thomas A. McGrath, S.J. * Thomas J. McInerney Assistant Professor of History Assistant Professor of Accounting Assistant Professor of History Professor of Chemistry Professor of History Associate Professor of Religious Studies Associate Professor of Religious Studies Assistant Professor of Philosophy Assistant Professor of Philosophy Professor of Chemistry Professor of Education Assistant Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Education Assistant Professor of Education Assistant Professor of History Associate Professor of Education Professor of Modem Languages Assistant Professor of History Associate Professor of History Professor of Information Systems Assistant Professor of Economics Professor of Politics Associate Professor of Education Associate Professor of Mathematics Professor of Fine Arts Professor of English Professor of Accounting Associate Professor of Education Associate Professor of Fine Arts Professor of Philosophy Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Modem Languages Associate Professor of Economics Associate Professor of Chemistry Associate Professor of English Associate Professor of Philosophy Professor of Modem Languages Associate Professor of Fine Arts Assistant Professor of English Professor of History Professor of Modem Languages Professor of Physics Professor of Psychology Associate Professor of English T. Everett McPeake, S. J. * Joan M. Mohr Vincent M. Murphy Jiri Nedela Stephen J. OYBrien Thomas G. OYCallaghanS, .J. * Marie J. Panico Albert F. Reddy, S.J. Francis J. Rice Arthur R. Riel * Donald J. Ross John W. Ryan, S.J. * Jerome J. Schiller John J. Schurdak Dorothy B. Shaffer Martin A. Stader Chester H. Stuart Jane L. Sutherland Alexander Tolor James P. Vail James Walsh, S.J. * Joan Walters Celia T. Wells * deceased John A. Barone Barbara Bryan John I. Griffin Henry J. Murphy, S.J. Phyllis E. Porter FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY Faculty Emeriti continued Professor of Education Assistant Professor of Nursing Associate Professor of Psychology Assistant Professor of Communication Associate Professor of Business Law Associate Professor of Religious Studies Professor of Modem Languages Associate Professor of English Professor of Biology Professor of English Professor of Biology Professor of English Professor of Psychology and special Education Associate Professor of Education Professor of Mathematics Associate Professor of Education Associate Professor of Education Associate Professor of Fine Arts Professor of Psychology and Education Professor of Education Professor of Theology Professor of Economics Associate Professor of English Administrators Emeriti Professor of Chemistry and Provost Emeritus 1992 University Librarian 1996 Professor of Quantitative Analysis 1982 Dean, School of Business Dean of Freshmen 1997 Associate Professor of Nursing 1989 Dean, School of Nursing ADMINISTRATORS WITH FACULTY RANK 1999 - 2000 Date of Date of Date of Highest Appt Rank Rank Tenure Department Degree Chappell, Debnam M. Assistant English Day, Georgia F. Associate Education Deignan, Margaret C. Associate Education Grossman, Orin L. Professor VIPA *** Hadj imichael, Evangelos Professor Physics Kahn, Beverly L. Associate Politics Kelley, S.J., Aloysius P. Professor Classics Kidd, Katherine ** Assistant Int'l Studies@ Malone, Mary Frances Assistant VIPA *** Manton, Anne P. Associate Nursing Ryba, Jr., Walter G. Professor Management Schmidt, David P. Associate Busn Ethics Weiss, Joan Associate Mathematics ADMINISTRATORS WITH FACULTY STATUS Estrada, James A. Vice President of Information Resources and Services and University Librarian Wilson, Edna F. Dean, School of Continuing Education ** Director of Internatiorral Studies *** Visual and Performing Arts @ International Studies Program FACULTY A VERAGE SALARY AND TOTAL COMPENSATION 1998-99 SALARY Fair field All Church Private 11- A University Combined Related Independent Comprehensive 1998-99 11-A 11-A 11-A 95th Percentile Rank Professor 80,191 64,770 64,933 Associate 63,194 5 1,394 5 1,049 Assistant 54,496 42,131 41,301 COMPENSATION Professor Associate Assistant Source: ACADEME: The Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession 1998-99 UNIVERSITY PERSONNEL ANALYSIS FALL - 1999 Full-Time Personnel Male Female Total Part-Time Personnel* Male Female Total Total Personnel Administrative and Professional Faculty Visiting Faculty Office Support Security Technical Nurses TOTAL *includes part-time and temporary personnel Source: Office of Human Resources Oct-99 FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY Tuition and Fee Schedule UNDERGRADUATE FEES Arts. Science. Business & Nursing Tuition (Continuing Students) Tuition (Freshmen) Room & Board - Residence Halls Room & Board - Townhouses General Fee Application Fee Orientation Fee Commencement Fee Laboratory Fee (per course) Computer Lab Fee (per credit) Automobile Registration Fee Continuin? Education & BE1 Tuition: a. Less than twelve credit hours b. Twelve credit hours or more Registration Commencement Fee Matriculation Fee Automobile Registration Fee Computer Lab Fee (per course) GRADUATE FEES Registration Fee Commencement Fee Application Fee Computer Lab Fee (per course) ' Graduate American Studies Graduate - Business & En~ineerin?(M OT] Tuition - Full-Time (Continuing Students) Tuition - Full-Time (Freshmen) Tutition - Part-Time Graduate Education Graduate - Nursing 1996-97 $295h 5 2 5 h 20 90 35 60 variable $6,750 4 1 5 h $32O/hr 1997-98 $300/hr $535/hr 20 90 35 60 variable $335/hr $7,000 $430/hr $335/hr 1998-99 1999-00 $305/hr $3 10lhr 5 4 5 h 550/hr 20 25 90 100 35 50 60 60 variable variable $350/hr $365/hr $7,500 $8,000 $9,000 $450/hr $475/hr $350/hr $365/hr Current Operating Funds* Millions Fiscal Year 6Revenues @ =Operating Expenses * Unrestricted *Reporiing is under the new FASB 1 17 (Financial Statement Display Requirement) @ Net of Student Financial Aid for financial year 1997,1998 and 1999 d STATEMENT OF REVENUES, EEXPESES AND OTHER CHANGES In Unrestricted Net Assets -93. For the Year Ended June 30,1999" Operating revenues: Educational and general: Net tuition and fees Government grants and financial aid Contributions Investment return designated for current operation Departmental and other revenues Net assets released from restrictions Total educational and general Auxiliary services Total operating revenues Operating expenses: Educational and general services: Instruction Research Public service Academic support Institutional support Student service Total educational and general services Auxiliary services: Expenditures Total auxiliary services 13.059,700 Total operating expenses 83.1 18.848 Increase in unrestricted net assets from operating activities 3.657.827 Non-operating: Investment return in excess of amounts designated for current operations 1,6 19,188 Realized gains on sale of assets - Non-operating assets released fi-om restrictions 724,930 Extraordinary cost of extinguishment of debt (544.836) Total non-operating 1.799.282 Increase in unrestricted net assets $ 5,457,109 * Excluding Fairfield Prep THE MEDIA CENTER The Media Center offers a broad range of media and communications-related services to Fairfield University faculty, staff and students. Located on the ground floor of Xavier Hall, the Media Center has two television studios, digital editing suites, a satellite and television (CTN) distribution headend, a graphic production and design area, and Academic Media Equipment Services and Systems Design areas. Major services include: Audio, video and television production with professional facilities including two television studios - production of original programs - lecture and event recordings for later viewing in the Library - duplications of non-copyrighted programs - off-the-air recordings Satellite downlinks and teleconferences through our four satellite dishes - downlinks and licensing of resource programs, live lectures and discussions ISDN links with sites throughout the world - using PictureTel technology, live 2-way audiolvideo discussions can take place quickly and inexpensively between individuals or group audiences Visual arts and design services - computer generated graphics for printed and electronic published materials - design support for Web sites - production of multimedia presentations - video and audio streaming on the Web Presentation support - media related guidance and assistance for University-sponsored events such as concerts, conferences and lectures - video, film, slide and data projections - sound support and technical expertise Academic media equipment services including equipment circulation - media equipment loans to Fairfield University students, faculty and staff for classroom use - maintenance of media classrooms and circulated equipment - training and assistance in the use of all circulated equipment and media classrooms - cable television installations, and service and hardware problems AV systems design - guidance and recommendations on AV equipment purchase - AV systems design Campus TV Network (CTN) Programmed and operated by the Media Center, CTN is Fairfield University's closed-circuit television system with 56 channels distributed to all student campus residences and classrooms. - 10 Fairfield University private channels for special programming such as classroom viewing assignmentsand international television. - One of these channels -- The Ham Channel -- is CTN's student-operated and programmed channel with material created by the students with the guidance of full-time television and film faculty. The 10private channels are: CH. 50 The Ham Channel (FairfieldU.) 51 The Info Channel (Fairfield U.) 52 InstructionalTV (Classroom viewing assignments) 53 InstructionalTV (Classroomviewing assignments) 54 InstructionalTV (Classroomviewing assignments) 55 InstructionalTV (Classroomviewing assignments) 56 Languages 57 TV5 (French programming) 58 SCOLA (Foreign news programs) 59 Fairfield U. Residence Life Channel The 46 commercial channels are: CH. 2 WCBS 3 WFSB 4 WNBC 5 WNYW 6 WVIT 7 WABC 8 WTNH 9 WWOR 10 WEDW 11 WPIX 12 NEWS 12 13 WNET 14 HBO 15 MSG 16 ESPN2 17 History Channel 18 Learning Channel 19 Discovery Channel 20 WTXX 21 WTIC 22 Nickelodeon 23 Lifetime 24 CNBC TNN Fox Family WTBS VH1 MTV CNN SCI FI C Span Bravo Public Access ESPN USA AMC A&E FX Cartoon Network TNT BET Fox Sports NY Comedy Channel Univision WrPX The Weather Channel Administrative Computing & Network Services Fairfield University's administrative operation uses SCT BANNER8 software. The BANNER8 administrative software is an integrated databasemade up of several modules, including; Alumni/Development, Finance, Financial Aid, Human Resources and Student. The Administrative Computing Center is a 5 day 12hour on-site operation (M-F) that supports the University's mid-size administrative computing environment. The administrativecenter monitors and maintains the center's computing facility. At the heart of this operation is the IBM RSl6000, model R40, which houses the BANIVERB software. Computing & Network Services Computing & Network Services(CNS) has responsibility for six major areas within the Information Resources and Services(IR&S) division: Campus network Instructional support Residential dorm network Telecommunications Desktop support Campus mail CAMPUS NETWORK CNS manages and operates the campus-wide "fiber-to-the-desktop" network for the university, connecting all academic, administrative,and residential buildings on campus with an NT-based data network. The fiber backbone has Gigabit and 100MB data speeds between buildings, with most servers connected at 100MB switched speeds, with 1OMB switched speed at desktops. CNS has responsibility for the maintenance, reliability, and security of the network for Fairfield users. Enterprise-wideemail solutions, file sharing, network print queues, web services,FTP services, and Internet connectivity are a sampling of services that the network group provides the campus community. RESIDENTIAL DORM NETWORK CNS provides connectivity for more than 2300 students residing in campus residence halls. Each dorm room has fiber outlets that allow students to connect computers to the campus network and to the Internet. By Spring semester, 2000, every dorm room on campus will have an active fiber connection, allowing quick computer connections by students when they arrive on campus. Students are connected at 10MBIsecspeeds. DESKTOP SUPPORT CNS supports campus users' desktop machine, peripherals, and applications, providing trouble-shooting,repair, maintenance, and instructional workshops to help users become efficient and productive while engaging in computing activities. CNS negotiates campus-wide software licenses for such products as the MS Office suite, McAfee Antivirus software, SPSS statistical analysis packages, TopClass instructional software and a variety of utilities such as Winzip, FTP, Telnet, and terminal emulation software. INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT CNS manages campus computer labs, technology classrooms, and faculty resource centers. A state-of-the-art teaching classroom, in CNS 304, provides extraordinary interaction between faculty and students, incorporating computer, Internet, Cable TV, video, and text into one easy-to-learn interface. BNW 236 provides a scanner, laser printer, CDR drive, digital camera, and other peripherals, on both Intel and Macintosh platforms CNS has four Pentium laptops and one G3 Macintosh laptop as short-term loaner machines for faculty. Twelve campus computing labs are managed by CNS for campus users, providing approximately 200 computer seats for Fairfield University students: BNW4 16 Pentium 200s Win98 Operating Systems BNW 129A 20 MAC G3s MAC 01s 9.0 BNW 129B 10 MAC 7300s Terminal emulation to UNK box BUS 1 100 8 Pentiurn LII 400s Win98 01s BUS 1 101 8 Pentium I11 400s Win98 01s CNS 02 20 iMAC MAC 01s 9.0 CNS 304 25 Pentium II 300s Win98 O/S DMH 148 16 Pentium 233s Win95 01s DMH 149 20 Pentium IT1 400s NT Workstation O/S NYS 16 17 Pentium I1 200 NT Workstation O/S NYS 16 8 iMACs MAC 01s 9.0 SON 219 12 Pentium I1 300s Win95 O/S XVR 19 20 Pentiurn III400s NT Workstation O/S An additional 150 computer seats are found throughout the university, managed by a variety of departments and schools, such as Modem Language, Engineering, Psychology, and Physics. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Fairfield University was awarded the ACUTA Telecommunications network award in 1994 for providing phone service over fiber, a very innovative trend for colleges in 1994. An IntecomE telephone switch provides campus users with digital phone service, throughout the campus ofices and on-campus residences. Student Telephone Services provide low cost local and long distance phone billing to students. Voicemail boxes are provided for each user. Telephone operators provide personal, friendly directory assistance when caller dial the campus switchboard. CAMPUS MAIL Full-service post office services are provided to campus users at the campus mailroom. Two daily campus mail deliveries facilitate the paper memos, bulletins, and newsletters that are so essential to the university's operations. Private or shared mailboxes are provided to each student resident on campus. NYSELIUS LIBRARY COLLECTION HOLDINGS Volume Equivalent of A.V. Microform Micro- Micro- Electronic Year Books Microforms Titles (Reels) print fiche Subscriptions 1970-7 1 1 12,414 N/A 537 6,238 97,198 0 * adjusted after June 1976 inventory A current subscriptions **formula per the 1986 ALA Standard for College Libraries new data collection category in Lntegrated Postsecondary Education Data System (WEDS) earlier data not available COLLECTION CIRCULA TIOIV Academic Year Total 1970-71 62,578 NYSELIUS LIBR4R YACQUISITIONS Books, Media, Periodicals Academic and (Current Year Microforms Subscription) 1970-7 1 63,389 22,604 * under revised auditing procedures, years after 1974-75 include monies fiom all sources CHANGES Total Books Books A.V. Periodicals Microform Micro- Electronic Year Added@ Withdrawn Titles ** (Reels) fiche Subscriptions 1970-7 1 8,750 598 47 62 927 0 @ including bound periodicals ** current subscriptions new data collection category in Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) earlier data not available SPECIAL LIBRARY COLLECTIONS AND SERVICES 1. University and Prep Archives. 2. On-line bibliographic search service, accessing Dialog and Firstsearch databases. CD-ROM databases for public use include PsycLit, CINAHL, Philosophers Index, Religion Index, ERIC, MLA Bibliography, Periodical Abstracts, Newspaper Abstracts, and Ethnic Newswatch. Campus networked databases for public use include ERIC, Books in Print, Britannica Online, Project Muse, Expanded Academic Index, America: History and Life, Historical Abstracts, Health Reference Center-Academic, Westlaw, Lexis-Nexis, STAT-USA, MathSciNet, Biography & Genealogy Index, Chemical Education and Online Journal of Knowledge Synthesis for Nursing. 3. Business sources: A. Compact Disclosure, A CD-ROM index to business periodicals. B. ABIIInform, CD-ROM index to business periodicals. C. Disclosure Worldscope on CD-ROM, an international corporate information database. D. IAC's Business and Company Profiles, a campus-wide networked index to 1,300 business periodicals with 650 full text. Also includes directory information for 180,000 companies. E. RIA Checkpoint, a campus-wide complete networked full-text service to Federal, State and Local and International tax research materials. 4. Media Department, with audiovisual resources such as laserdisks, multimedia software, videocassettes, audiotapes, audio CDs, filmstrips and sound/slide programs, and viewing and listening equipment. 5. Curriculum collection, with texts, audio visual material, and computer software, to support University programs in Education fields. 6. Microprint Collections: A. 90,000 titles published in America between 1639 and 18 19. B. More than 5,000 English and American plays published between 1500 and 1830. C. Landmarks of Science series contains more than three million pages of original texts of the works of major scientists. D. More than 38 volumes and some 2,100 serial publications of the Federal Government from 1789 though 1883. E. A portion of a series based on Blanck's Bibliography of American Literature. The complete set contains 10,000 to 15,000 titles by 300 authors with emphasis on "belles lettres". Titles cover a 150 year span from the Federal period to authors who died before 1930. FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY AL UMNI ASSOCIATION 107. 1999 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Open 1951 Eugene J. Fabbri Stanley E. Turski 1952lMA '58 Richard J. McEttrick John H. Welch, Jr., Esq. 1953 StephaneM. Skibo David J. Page 1954 Suzanne E. Baldasare, Esq. Donald A. Browne, Esq. 1955 Open George F. Lacovara, DDS 1956 Stephen D. Chessare Thomas J. Fitzgerald 1957 Laura A. Incerto Open 1958 Open Open 1959 open Francis A. Corr 1960lMA '641CAS '67 Open Kevin J. Cavanagh 1961 open Edward M. Gleason 1962 Christine Cahill D7Ascenzo Joseph R. D7Agostin 1963 Michael J. Steed James P. White, Jr., Esq. 1964 Rodney V. Ralph Robert J. Brennan, Jr., Esq. 1965 Joan C. Alvarez James W. Heslin, Jr., Esq. 1966 Open Paul T. Barnes 19671MA '70 Kerry A. Murphy M. James Geraghty 1968 Kelly D. Crean Open 1969 Open Joseph R. Krajci, Esq. 1970 Open Paul A. Richards 1971 Open Open 1972 Open Bruce M. Howard 1973lMA '79 Karen A. Ardizzone Anthony W. Merola 1974 Matthew Pitucco Kathryn A. Schibler MEMBERS-A T-LARGE Robert K. Monk Edward R. Fitzgerald Christopher S. Cardell Bryan L. LeClerc, Esq. Mary-Margaret Weber Maria C. Alfonso -. Richard J. Papscoe, Jr.. B. Maxwell O'Meara GRADUATE SCHOOLS SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION I Kathleen Madzula MA '71 Ann Brokamp Williams 1992 I Jacqueline Orban MBA '95 Scott B. Barnett MA '93 BRIDGEPORT ENGINEERING INSTITUTE Richard E. Peck ALUMNI STATISTICS Under~raduate Graduate Total All Alumni Alumni (able to be reached) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALUMNI By Country Argentina Australia Belgium Bermuda Brazil Bulgaria Canada Colombia Cyprus Dominican Republic Egypt England France Germany Hong Kong Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan South Korea Netherlands Norway New Zealand Panama Phillipines Saudi Arabia Scotland Singapore Spain Sri Lanka Switzerland United Kingdom Fairfield University Alumni Association Awards Year Awarded 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1988 1989-90 1990-91 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Alumni/Professional Achievement Award Recipient Class Year John E. Klimas 1953 Joseph W. Annunziata 1960 Peter S. Arnentia 1952 Philip S. Backus 1953 Robert J. DelVecchio 1952 David J. McCarthy, Jr. 1957 Harry M. Marmion 1953 J. Edward Caldwell 1951 Frank J. Bepko, Jr. 1951 Charles E. Schaefer 1955 Joseph G. McGann 1951 James F. Stapleton 1954 Patrick J. Waide, Jr. 1959 Patrick Jordan 1965 Jerome J. Burke 1962 Paul K. Rudd 1962 Thomas J. Connors, Jr. '64 MA '67 Charles Rose 1952 Dr. Philip J. Guerin, Jr. 1959 E. Gerald Corrigan 1963 J. Jeffrey Campbell 1965 David J. McCarthy, Jr. 1957 T. Paul Tremont 1955 Leonard S. Paoletta 1956 Hon. Raymond J. Dearie 1966 James J. Bigham 1959 Thomas E. McKimey 1972 Robert J. Murphy, Jr. 1971 J. Michael Farron 1977 Francis J. Tedesco 1965 Dr. Patricia M. Joyce 1975 Joellin R. Comerford 1974 Robert W. Landmesser 1971 Joseph Sargent 1959 Donald A. Browne 1955 David H. Chafey 1999 Outstanding Alumni Service Award Recipient Class Year Bronislaw S. Orlowski 1953 Richard P. Bepko 1953 Edward R. Flannery 1951 James F. Stapleton 1954 John T. Mullady 195 1 Clement F. Naples 1953 Leonard S. Paoletta 1956 John C. Welch 1954 William J. George 1952 Robert K. Marconi 1954 Joseph G. McGann 1951 Bronislaw S . Orlow ski 1953 Kenneth F. Catandella 1957 Walter J. Zackrison 1954 Donald S. Lupo 1962 Gerald E. Malafi-onte 1956 Robert J. Brennan, Jr. 1965 William J. Kramer 1960 Dr. Patrick Carolan 1959 Paul T. Barnes '67 MA '70 Edward R. Fitzgerald 1962 Barbara Stuart MA '78 CAS '80 Francis J. Zaino 1966 Joseph F. Berardino 1972 T. Gerald Magner, Jr. 1964 Patrick J. Waide, Jr. 1959 Roger M. Lynch 1963 Bruce M. Howard '73 MA '79 Janet A. Canepa 1982 Paul C. Dunn 1957 James D. Fitzpatrick '70 MA '72 William P. Egan 1967 Edward M. Gleason 1962 Richard Badolato 1962 Robert K. Monk 1960 John G. Swanhaus 1967 Fairfeld University Ahmni Association Awards Year Awarded 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1985-1986 1989-1990 1990-91 1992 1996 Year Awarded 1988 1989-1990 1990-1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998, Honorary Alumnus/Alumna Award Recipient William E. O'Brien Gilbert & Dorothy Larson Rev. George Mahan, S. J. L. William Miles Dr. John A. Barone Alphonsus J. Donahue Prof. Mario Guarcello Rev. Thomas A. McGrath, S. J. Dorothy Bennett Prof. Carmen F. Donnarurnrna Dr. Robert D. Russo, Sr. Distinguished Achievementneadership Award Reci~ient Peter Jennings President Gerald R. Ford Francis T. "Fay" Vincent, Jr. Tom Seaver Miss Jessye Norman Harry Belafonte A1 Roker Ann Fudge Isiah L. Thomas Richard D. Parsons Keynote Speaker Bill Cosby Fairfield University Alumni Association Awards Distinguished Faculty/Administrator Service Award Year Awarded Recipient Prof. Arsene Croteau Prof. Carmen F. Donnarumma Dr. Donald J. Ross Rev. William H. Holunann, S. J. Prof. Arthur R. Riel, Jr. Rev. Thomas McGrath, S.J. Prof. Chester Stuart Rev. James H. Coughlin, S.J. Walter J. Petry, Jr. John M. Hickson '52 Dr. Lisa H. Newton Dr. Edward M. Dew Rev. Donald D. Lynch, S.J. Rev. Henry J. Murphy, S.J. Dr. Leo F. O'Connor The Jesuit Community Dr. John Barone Rev. William F. Cm, S.J. Dr. Joan G. Walters Rev. Joseph F. MacDonnell, S.J. Dr. Orin L. Grossman Stephen Jakab '62 Suzanne MacAvoy, R.N., Ed.D. Dr. Mary Frances A.H. Malone END0 WMENT'GRO WTH Permanent Endowment and Permanent Endowment Funds Functionin? as Endowment * $22.8M Supports UGR Programs (1 992) * $23.9M Supports UGR Programs (1993) * $26.3M Supports UGR Programs (1994) * $27.4M Supports UGR Programs (1995) * $36.6M Supports UGR Programs (1 996) *- $43 .OM Supports UGR Programs (1 997) * $51.OM Supports UGR Programs (1 998) * $86.3M Supports UGR Programs (1999) **Market Value Endowment Growth Millions Fiscal Year Permanent Endowment 0Permanent Endowment & Funds Functioning as Endowment * Market Value DEVELOPMENT GROWTH Year Unrestricted Gifts Total Gifts * These years coincided with the Campaign for Fairfield. w t-' Cx, Develo~mentGrowth Millions Fiscal Year -Total Gifts nUnrestricted Gifts * Campaign for Fairfield 1. Bellarmine Hall 2. Donnarumma Hall 3. Canisius Hall 4. Gonzaga Hall 5. Regis Hall 6. Jogues Hall 7. Campion Hall 8. Loyola Hall 9. Basketball Courts 10. Playing Field 1 1. Intramural Field 12. Varsity Field 13. Baseball Field 14. Alumni Field 15. Dolan Campus A. John C. Dolan Hall B. David J. Dolan House C. Thomas F. Dolan Commons 16. Student Town House Complex 17. McAuliffe Hall 18. Athletic Center 19. The Levee 20. Xavier Hall 21. Berchmans Hall 22. Recreational Complex 23. Alumni Hall - Gymnasium 24. Tennis Courts 25. Barone Campus Center 26. Bannow Science Center 27. School of Nursing 28. Nyselius Library 29. Central Utility Facility 30. Grauert Field 31. Kostka Hall 32. Claver Hall 33; Jesuit Residence - St. Robert 34. Jesuit Residence - St. Ignatius 35. Bellarmine Pond 36. School of Business 37. Barlow Field 38. Southwell Hall 39. PepsiCo Theatre 40. Maintenance 41. Regina A. Quick Center for the Arts 42. Hopkins Pond 43. Egan Chapel of St. Ignatius Loyola and Pedro Arrupe, S.J. Campus Ministry Center PHYSICAL PLANT UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS Occupied Building Pur~ose Date - McAuliffe Hall Purchasing, Central Stores, School of Engineering, 1896 39,740 Finance, Technology Services, Printing & Graphics (renovated 1994) Southwell Hall Alumni House (renovated 1985) pre 11920 Bellannine Hall Administrative Offices (renovated 1982) 1921 Maintenance Complex Maintenance Building 1922 Pepsico Theater Theater (renovated 1994) 1922 Dolan House Offices of Continuing Education 1928 (Acquired and renovated 1990) Xavier Hall Media Center, Classrooms Loyola Hall Residence Hall, Human Resources, Fine Arts, Security, Upward Bound (renovated 1999) Gonzaga Hall Residence Hall, Student Newspaper, Auditorium, Credit Union * University usage (In addition, Prep uses 46,072 gross square feet.) Building Canisius Hall Alumni Hall Dolan Hall Campion Hall T Regis Hall Dolan Commons Barone Campus Center Jogues Hall Nyselius Library Central Utility Facility PurDose Classrooms, Administrative and Faculty Offices (renovated 1994) Athletic Offices and Facilities Division of Student Services and Residence Hall (Acquired and renovated 1990) Residence Hall Residence Hall, Radio Station (renovated 1999) Dining Hall and Continuing Education Classrooms (Acquired and renovated 1990) Dining Rooms, Bookstore, Mail Room, Meeting Rooms, Student Government Residence Hall, Fine Arts Library Energy Management and Maintenance, Communications & Technology Services Occupied Date u 1957 5 1,201 1960 (East) 1966 (West) Building Kostka Hall Bannow Science Center Claver Hall School of Nursing Recreational Complex Donnarumma Hall Townhouses (#I-7) Townhouses (#8- 10) Townhouse (#I1 -15) Quick Center for The Arts Egan Chapel of St. Ignatius Loyola and Armpe Campus Ministry Center The Levee Pur~ose Residence Hall & Student Activites Offices Date 1970 Classrooms, Offices, Laboratories, Computer Center Residence Hall Classrooms, Laboratories, Offices Pool, Multi-Purpose Courts, Exercise Rooms Faculty and Administrative Offices, Classrooms Residence Facility Residence Facility Residence Facility Performing Arts Theater, Black Box, Art Gallery Chapel, Campus Ministry, Meeting Rooms Student PavilionRub -g a V1 z! z8 0 3 8 hl Ef. g g 5 " ' G 'g'o g 3 $C ug :S UP, % 1 w 5 'd 6 2 -8 ' L Z T Fairfierd University Classroom Usage Chart Fall, 1999 Class Meeting Times Monday Tuesday Wednesdav Thursday Friday 1l:lO to 12 noon 69% 94% : or 12:25 p.m. 4:35 p.m. to 5 5 0 p.m. (underg) 79% 90% or 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. (grad) ' *based on 6 schools using 53 regular classrooms and 9 seminar rooms in CNS, SON, DMH, BNW and BUS. Not included are special usage rooms such as TV studio, Pepsico Theatre, Science labs, Art rooms, Computer Labs, etc. In addition, Engineering uses 9 rooms in Xavier Hall during the evening hours Monday thru Thursday. 120 Classroom Usaae Chart Fall 1999 Percentage Usage by Day oMonday HTuesday ElWednesday IEIThursday -Friday *based on 6 schools using 53 regular classrooms and 9 seminar rooms in CNS, SON, DMH, BNW and BUS. Not included are special usage rooms such as TV studio, Pepsico Theatre, Science labs, Art rooms, Computer labs, etc. In addition, Engineering uses 9 rooms in Xavier Hall during the evening hours Monday thru Thursday.
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OT: Music Vid for the Weekend No.2: "Democracy"
BBC Arabic: Government Forces Took Over Zawiya & M...
Heavy Gunfire all over #Tripoli, British Soldiers ...
"The Free Market Death Panel" and Fail-to-Deliver ...
Where's Tony Blair? He Would Make an Ideal Envoy t...
Special Envoy to #Libya
And #Obama Goes Golfing Because Spring Is Here
Fighter Jet En Route to #Benghazi Shot Down by Opp...
Biden Leaves Country in Middle of Budget Talks, Ob...
Zbigniew Brzezinski Is All For Indirect US Interv...
Fighting Continues in Az Zawiyah, Starts in Sirte,...
People of Az Zawiya Beat #Gaddafi's Forces After 4...
Az Zawiyah, #Libya Falling to Pro-Gaddafi Forces?
Mondoweiss: Israeli Company Recruits Mercenaries f...
OT: Music Vid for the Weekend No.1 "Burning Down t...
Asia's "End Game": China
Robert Fisk: Saudis Mobilize Thousands of Troops t...
FT: Libya's Oil Dollars Still Flow to Gaddafi
Protests in #Saudi Arabia
Egyptians Back in #Tahrir Square, Oprah Cancels Sh...
Silver at 31-Year High (Poor J.P.Morgan Chase)
Interesting History of Interpol
Interpol Issues "Orange Alert" for #Gaddafi and 15...
Stress Test Jr. to Further Shore Up CONfidence Is ...
Now Please, C'mon, We Have No Money, and Please, W...
Yes Minister Episode "The Official Visit"
LSE Director Steps Down Over #Libya, #Gaddafi Ties...
Obama Allows One Question, and Answers NFL Lockout...
Algo Bots Positioning for Tomorrow's NFP Number in...
Obama on #Libya: I Don't Want to Be "Hamstrung"
Aggghhh I'm Being Priced out of Donuts!
#Libyan Rebels Reject Hugo Chávez Mediation Offer
Ron Paul vs Hillary Clinton: No Dollars for Dictat...
Lockerbie Deal and J.P.Morgan Chase as #Libya's Ce...
Opposition in #Benghazi, #Libya, Wants No-Fly Zone...
CNBC's (Regular) Insult to Ron Paul
#Libya: 'Rag-Tag' Army Seems to Be Winning
Steve Jobs Is At Apple's March IPad2 Event in San ...
Hilarity of the Day: Chile Delays End of Summer Ti...
#Gaddafi Speaks for 3 Hours As He Orders Air Raids...
#Libya's Bankers: Goldman Sachs, J.P.Morgan Chase,...
US, Allies Talk of Full-Scale Invasion of #Libya
McCain, Lieberman Beat War Drums on #Libya
US, France, Britain Set Up Millitary Bases in #Lib...
Situation Takes Ominous Turn in #Libya: Military i...
Gold Hit All-Time High: $1,434
US to Send the Marines to #Libya!
Here Comes #Iran, Right on Cue
#Saudi Arabia Sends Tanks to #Bahrain
J.P.Morgan Chase Fighting 10,000 Lawsuits
Gold Nears All-Time High, Silver Hits Post-Hunt-Br...
Is Obama About to Order the US Military to Invade ...
Safe Exit for #Gaddafi?
The West's Sudden Urge to Intervene in #Libya Mili...
Foreigners in #Libya, by Country and Number
#Gaddafi's Sons Sought Religious Ruling Against Pr...
#Libya: "No Foreign Intervention, Libyan People Ca...
#Libya Stalemate? As Demonstrations Spread to Midd...
Broken Market, As Dow Levitates and Gold/Silver Ge...
NY Fed Chief: Everything Is Fine, Fed Is Not Respo...
Bernie Madoff Calls the US Government A Ponzi
My Questions for Ben Bernank for His Semi-Annual P...
Christiane Amanpour Exclusive and Surreal Intervie...
Sultan Qaboos of #Oman: Let There Be Jobs...
Protest in #Oman Widens, Clash with Riot Police
#Libya Protesters Control Zawiyah, Brace for Onsla...
French Foreign Minister Resigns Over Her Ties With...
Hip Hop Remix Starring Muammar Gaddafi and Gyratin...
is coming, from the desert of northern Africa through the desert of Middle East...to the U.S.A.
By Leonard Cohen.
...It's coming from the sorrow in the street,
the holy places where the races meet;
from the homicidal bitchin'
that goes down in every kitchen
to determine who will serve and who will eat.
From the wells of disappointment
where the women kneel to pray
for the grace of God in the desert here
and the desert far away:
Democracy is coming to the U.S.A.
Sail on, sail on
O mighty Ship of State!
To the Shores of Need
Past the Reefs of Greed
Through the Squalls of Hate
Sail on, sail on, sail on, sail on.
Posted by arevamirpal::laprimavera at 11:38 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Leonard Cohen, OT
BBC Arabic: Government Forces Took Over Zawiya & Misutara, Heading for Benghazi (UPDATED)
(UPDATE) Well, that seems to be a lie from Gaddafi. Or I should say propaganda. Or "narrative" (oooh I hate that word). Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera, AFP all deny that Tobruk, Misurata, Az Zawiyah, Ras Lanuf have fallen; they are still in the hands of anti-Gaddafi forces.
Tweets from Sultan Al Qassemi:
BBC Arabic: Libyan State TV announces that govt forces are now heading to Benghazi. #Libya
BBC Arabic: Libyan State TV announces that govt forces have taken full control of the towns of Zawiya & Misutara. #Libya
I hope they're wrong, for the sake of Libyans and for those of us who are against military intervention by the West. If the West go in, there will be "Boots on the ground".
Brzezinski's sensible options, which I agree with, will fall on deaf ears of the leaders of the West, jockeying for a hero status in the eyes of their respective electorate, be it US President Obama or Spanish Prime Minister Zapatero (who looks like Mr. Bean).
Labels: anti-government protest, Libya
Heavy Gunfire all over #Tripoli, British Soldiers in #Libya
Just heard it on BBC Radio.
Libya's opposition forces seem to be moving in much quicker than the morally bankrupt West has anticipated (and hoped).
The same BBC Radio news says Libyans are furious that British soldiers are ON THE GROUND inside Libya, seen escorting British officials in the eastern part of the country.
So, the rumor that Britain (along with France and the US) sent several hundred special forces to Libya on February 23-24 may have been true.
Libyans, don't ever trust the Western governments.
Posted by arevamirpal::laprimavera at 9:26 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: anti-government protest, BBC, Libya, military intervention, Tripoli
"The Free Market Death Panel" and Fail-to-Deliver US Treasuries
We are being robbed by Wall Street banks every single day and we don't even know it.
There was an article on Zero Hedge by Miss America aka Rich Hartmann on Friday (3/4/2011) titled "The Free Market Death Panel". "A nice sensationalism," I applauded, and started reading the article. As I read, I kept thinking "This can't be true! Just can't be..."
After all that's happened since the cascading market crash in October 2008, I thought I was immune to any surprise coming from banksters - mortgage fraud, foreclosure fraud, securitization fraud, bailout fraud, high-frequency trading fraud, regulatory capture (revolving doors of Wall Street to Washington), sovereign capture (Libya's favorite banker is J.P.Morgan Chase) - everything they do is fraud, and action to cover up the fraud (that's where the "capture" comes in).
But in the ZeroHedge article, Miss America / Rich Hartmann talks about the Treasury Market Practices Group (TMPG) at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the same bank that does POMO almost every single day to shower money on the Primary Dealers), and how the Group has enabled the same Wall Street banks to swindle potentially billions of dollars from pension funds and mutual funds where the rest of us keep our dwindling savings.
How? By shorting the Treasuries and deliberately failing to deliver them.
The article gives a hypothetical example of how a broker screws a pension fund and ends up collecting money from the pension fund:
BrokerX sells 2 lots of 5mm shares to pensionsuckersfund (PSF) of cusip 912828XXX.
BrokerX then buys 10mm shares back from pesionsuckersfund (PSF) at a small loss in the same day of the same cusip 912828XXX.
PSF’s Net buys = $9,999,950 ($4,999,975 + $4,999,975)
PSF’s Net sells = $10,000,000 (for a $50 gain. These daily turns ranging to 50million par are extraordinarily commonplace, especially for a flooded Treasury Market.)
Sounds good for the pensionsuckerfund as they just made $50. …but here’s the rub:
In the real world of street settlements, BrokerX can now withhold on ACTUALLY delivering 1 of the 5mm pieces to the pensionsuckerfund. Since BrokerX is short, for whatever reason, BrokerX does not deliver the 2nd piece of 5mm. In MANY scenarios, the pensionsuckerfund will now wind up failing on the larger 10mm because they needed both 5mm pieces to position the trade. (Duh!! Thus a “pair-off/turnaround”.) …but BrokerX would never “intentionally” fail to deliver something! (wink wink)
So What!!!
So you say: “But why would Wall Street banks care about that those small claimable amounts!?!?!” They don’t care about that 1 trade. They care about the net of the trades! You see, this is the market! These types of treasury flips are done all day. The entire MBS market of TBA trades equate to thousands of trades netted out to small net gains and losses. This is what they do.
In the meantime their nice little $1,000 gains, in a tightly traded market (With razor thin margins) could add up. How?!?!?! On a daily basis there are $3-$6bilion in fails! Let me repeat!!! $3,000,000,000.00 to $6,000,000,000.00 in fails!!! …and that equates to $250,000.00-$500,000.00 in potential claims daily! EVERY DAY!!!
And with a huge spike ($20-90 billion per day) that seems to happen once in every quarter, potential claims may run into a few billions per year.
And this TMPG has made matters worse for the pensionsuckerfund (and better for the BrokerX) by "actually writing in their “suggestions” that BrokerX does “NOT HAVE TO ACCEPT ANY PARTIAL DELIVERIES”.
So BrokerX can actually reject your partial delivery of the 5mm shares you do have, just to get the claim on something they are intentionally botching! So that loss of $50 actually turns into an $850 gain!
Get it? The process is, as I understand:
BrokerX sells 2 lots of Treasuries, $5M each, to Pensionsuckerfund. BrokerX then only delivers 1 lot, $5M.
Pensionsuckerfund then sells $10M Treasuries it just bought from BrokerX, back to BrokerX, at a slight profit of $50. Problem: it only has $5M Treasuries at hand.
BrokerX says No to partial delivery, and insists on $10M delivery. Pensionsuckerfund cannot deliver.
BrokerX makes a claim for the fail, for $900. Net $850 profit.
Rinse and repeat, by Wall Street banks, every day, every week, every month, every year.
The TMPG has essentially created a new way for Wall Street banks to rob in the broad daylight with their victims unaware that they're being robbed. Or "raped", to use Miss America's word.
Miss America / Rich Hartmann's final words:
We all know that Wall Street has been raping America for years! Finally realizing this, the government stepped in! …and they made Wall Street put a condom on!
Groups like the TMPG are not out to protect us. They don’t stop the rape. No, they are actually protecting Wall Street from the virus that we have become.
…and I am here to spread the disease and spread the word.
Go read the whole piece. A must read, IMHO.
Labels: fail to deliver, Federal reserve, TMPG, too big to fail, US Treasuries
Where's Tony Blair? He Would Make an Ideal Envoy to #Libya...
Since he is on the first-name basis with Gaddafi with numerous business ties representing the world's largest corporations, he would make an ideal envoy to talk some sense into his family friend Gaddafi.
For more of Tony's strong Libyan ties, read this wonderful article, "The Lockerbie Deal", by Vanity Fair.
So where's Tony? His March 3rd tweet claims he's meeting Ban Ki-Moon at the UN:
On way to @UN to meet with SG Ban Ki-Moon and USG Valerie Amos ahead of next #MiddleEast #Quartet meeting
Valerie Amos, or rather, Baroness Amos, is the eighth and current UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. She was made a life peer by Tony Blair in 1997
Labels: Libya, Tony Blair
So far Obama hasn't sent his special envoy to Libya, unlike in the case of Egypt.
Remember the disaster (though no one remembers now..) of an envoy that he sent to Egypt, who was the personal friend of Mubarak, ex-AIG vice chairman and Enron board member, who praised Mubarak for his work and insisted that Mubarak stay on to steer the changes for his wonderful legacy?
But UN's Ban Ki-Moon is apparently close to selecting his, according to Foreign Policy magazine (3/5/2011):
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon is planning to name one of two former Jordanian foreign ministers, either Abdul-llah Khatib or Marwan Muasher, early next week as his special envoy to Libya, marking an escalation in the U.N.'s effort to address a potential humanitarian crisis in Libya and to prepare the groundwork for a transition of power, U.N.-based diplomatic sources told Turtle Bay.
Khatib is expected to organize a team of experts who will initially help coordinate the humanitarian response to Moammar Qaddafi's violent crackdown on anti-government protesters, which has led to the flight of tens of thousands of foreign nationals. But the mission will also take on a political role, seeking to build consensus among the various Libyan tribal factions and opposition groups, and helping to facilitate a political transition.
The move clearly shows the convergence of U.S. and U.N. efforts to help bring about an end of Qaddafi's 41-year rule in Libya. It appears unlikely that Ban will seek to promote mediation efforts between Qaddafi's government and anti-government rebels. Ban and the United States have questioned Qaddafi's right to rule. "In Libya, a regime that has lost legitimacy has declared war on its own people," Ban said last week during a visit to the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C. "It is up to us, the community of nations, to stand against this crime."
The U.N. chief had also approached Lakhdar Brahimi, a former Algerian foreign minister and U.N. trouble-shooter, and Kamal Dervis, a Turkish economist who previously headed the U.N. Development Program. But both men turned the job down. Ban has been in discussions with both Khatib and Muasher. U.N-based diplomats were divided over which candidate prevailed. But two council diplomats said they believed Muasher was the front runner.
A spokesman for Ban, Farhan Haq, declined to confirm or deny the pending appointment of Al-Khatib, saying a final decision has not been made. "As you might imagine, we can't comment officially on any of that, just to say that the search is ongoing and that we expect to make an announcement soon," Haq told Turtle Bay.
Ban discussed his plan to appoint a special representative in a White House meeting last week with President Barack Obama.
Read the full article at the link.
So a former Jordanian minister is going to do... what? Meet .... who? Gaddafi?
Labels: Libya, Obama presidency, UN
Hahahahaha... because at this point all I can do is to laugh at this guy.
He can't even be bothered to care how he would look (answer: stupid).
From The Hills:
In a sign that spring is nearing in Washington, President Obama hit the golf course Saturday.
Storm clouds have been brewing all day, but the temperature was expected to hit 60 degrees. The president left the White House at 1 p.m. for his first golf outing stateside this year.
A 10-vehicle motocade took Obama to the Andrews Air Force Base golf course.
Obama usually hits the indoor basketball court on winter days.
His golfing partners Saturday are accustomed to hitting the links with the president: press staffer Ben Finkenbinder, trip director Marvin Nicholson and Department of Energy staffer David Katz.
Labels: Obama presidency
Fighter Jet En Route to #Benghazi Shot Down by Opposition
Way to go, Libyans!
Tweets from Tripolitanian (from oldest tweet at the top, about 1 hour ago):
Unconfirmed: Fighter jet en route to #Benghazi shot down by freedom fighters. #Libya
According to Reuters, the downed warplane was piloted by a Sudanese. No surprise there, I doubt any #Libyan would bomb their own country.
BTW, that warplane was shot down by a man in his 50s, using the AA gun for 1st time w/ only 1 barrel working. #Libya
That should send a message to Gaddafi's pilots. Tripolitanian also tweets that Algerian military planes continue to fly into Libya.
Algeria has been awfully quiet, though the discontent there would be just as great as in Egypt and Libya, if not greater.
Labels: Algeria, anti-government protest, Libya
Biden Leaves Country in Middle of Budget Talks, Obama Sees Nothing Wrong
This administration takes us for fools, although Obama is probably right in saying Biden's absence doesn't matter a single iota.
From Washington Times (3/4/2011):
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. walked out of Thursday's high-stakes negotiations to stop a government shutdown and said the conversations will continue — but he won't actually be part of them since he leaves this weekend for major negotiations with European leaders.
President Obama on Wednesday tapped Mr. Biden, his "sheriff" on the stimulus, to lead negotiations with Congress, though Mr. Biden already had a prearranged trip scheduled to visit Finland, Russia and Moldova next week.
The White House dismissed worries about his absence, saying it would not be an impediment.
"There's no question that our entire budget team stands ready to talk, negotiate, work non-stop starting now to get this done within the two-week CR, if it's possible," said Gene B. Sperling, Mr. Obama's top economic adviser, as he briefed reporters at the White House ahead of Thursday's meeting.
After Democrats said he needed to get more involved in the spending negotiations, Mr. Obama on Wednesday said he would send a high-level team up to begin talking with congressional leaders about a way to finish the 2011 spending bills, which Democrats left undone at the end of the last Congress.
Mr. Biden, who served more than two decades in the Senate before being elected vice president on Mr. Obama's ticket, convened the first meeting Thursday evening in his ceremonial office.
The leaders emerged after an hour saying nothing about how it went. A short time later, Mr. Biden's office issued what all had agreed would be the only statement made.
"We had a good meeting, and the conversation will continue," the vice president said.
Government shut-down? It will be a good thing. We shouldn't be paying for anything that these clowns do (or don't do) at the White House and Congress.
Posted by arevamirpal::laprimavera at 11:31 AM 2 comments Links to this post
Labels: 2011 budget, Obama presidency
Zbigniew Brzezinski Is All For Indirect US Intervention in Libya
In talking to Al Jazeera, he says "some greater, but indirect involvement of the United States would sent the right message" and move things in Libya in the right direction.
Specifically, he wants US ships right off the shores of Tripoli, which alone sends a strong message, according to him, and even better, to unilaterally evacuate the Westerners. It would be the message to the divided Libyan army that it is not in their interest to support Gaddafi.
Ah, Mr. Brzezinski, there may be two problems to your proposal, which I tend to agree more than imposing a no-fly zone:
(As I said in my last post,) As long as Gaddafi can buy arms and hire mercenaries with hundreds of millions of dollars worth of oil money each week, I don't think he cares whether he still has the Libyan military or not.
You are expecting the occupant of the White House to actually sit down and think about what to do for more than 10 minutes.
I don't think Prez Obama will or cares. He will simply say yes to whatever proposal that he's given, be it from neocons like McCain and Lieberman or from some trigger-happy generals, as long as it looks like it will increase his chance of getting re-elected next year.
Brzezinski didn't mention a no-fly zone. Interesting.
Here's the segment on Al Jazeera TV:
Labels: anti-government protest, Libya, military intervention, no-fly zone, Obama presidency
Fighting Continues in Az Zawiyah, Starts in Sirte, #Libya
as #Gaddafi's forces surround Az Zawiyah. In the meantime, there was a crash in Sirte, Gaddafi's hometown, between pro-Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces for the first time. Al Jazeera Libya Blog (3/5/2011) reports:
The inter-tribal fighting in Sirte was sparked by one tribe refusing to support Gaddafi's fighters in Ras Lanuf yesterday, Al Jazeera Arabic reports. This has reportedly opened a political divide overnight in the city, which is home to 135,000 people - and which houses several government ministries.
For those of us geographically challenged even within our own town, here's a handy map that shows the key cities in Libya (thank you Al Jazeera):
Az Zawiyah is only about 30 Kilometers away from Tripoli.
Alain Juppe, Foreign Minister of France after the previous one had to resign for having been too cozy with the Gaddafis, is pushing for a UN resolution to impose a no-fly zone over Libya. I'm sure it's well-intended, along with John McCain and Joe Lieberman who are itching to commit the US into Libya.
As long as the oil money (hundreds of millions of dollars) continues to flow to Gaddafi, and as long as there are people, businesses, who are more than happy to help him out in procuring arms and mercenaries, it will continue - no-fly zone or not.
Labels: anti-government protest, Libya, military intervention
People of Az Zawiya Beat #Gaddafi's Forces After 4 Hour Battle and 100 Dead
Go Libyans!!!! (I hope this is true...)
Speaking of mercenaries, pro-Gaddafi forces are attacking the town of Az Zawiyah which lies 40km west of Tripoli; this is coming after the town sustained an overnight attack by pro-Gaddafi forces. Things are getting uglier by the hour, if not by minute.
And that jerk of the son of Gaddafi, Saif, taunted the reporters of the Western media and Al Jazeera, "Show me the photo of dead Libyans!"
Oh wait... is this what the same jerk was talking about? "Please, wait for the surprises..."?
From Al Jazeera Libya Blog 3/5/2011 (time is local Libyan time, GMT+2):
Ahmed, a resident of Az Zawiyah speaks to Al Jazeera ont he phone from the middle of the ongoing battle. Shouting to be heard over the sound of artillery and small arms fire, he tells us:
There is heavy bombing of the city by tanks and heavy weapons and mortars - the rebels are struggling to resist with very primitive means. They [invading forces] have no mercy and are very brutal. There is a large number of injured and a lot of people killed on the streets.
There is no mercy to civilians. The tanks belonging to to the regime are attacking everything indiscriminately and we have no means of defending ourselves.
There is a very tragic situation happening right now. It's a very serious situation. We were expecting the world to intervene, but they have let us down. Shelling is now coming in from all sides.
They are shooting at the Libyan citizens and we have made up our mid that we will die here. I am really sorry, we are in the middle of a battle and the shelling is very heavy - the [phone line] could break at any moment.
We have taken prisoners out of two vehicles, and we are treating them with respect. But they are shelling us, they are kiling us.
Where is the United Nations or the Arab League or the international community who have spoken about our rights or protecting us? I don't think they meant what they have said.
I am in the middle of Martyrs' Square, and we are conducting a battle. The tanks have surrounded us and they are shelling all the buildings - whether they are residential or business properties. The shelling and destruction is indiscriminate and the civilians are taking shelter in the buildings surrouding the square - but they have not given up yet.
All parts of society - all parts - whether they are professionals and farmers - are all together, supporting each other, hoping that they will be able to survive.
But it is violent, it is indiscriminate - and the number of dead and injured? I cannot count it yet. We need the world here, we need them to intervene - words are not enough. It's not a matter of oil and gas that you need you of our country - it is human lives and blood being shed - right now.
Al Jazeera's Tony Birtley, speaking from Benghazi, tells us Az Zawiyah is in the hands of Gaddafi's forces - but fighting continues, we understand.
Six tanks - each carrying four Gaddafi-loyalist soldiers - have been set on fire in central Az Zawiyah, eyewitnesses tell us.
Several have been arrested, we are told.
"Most of those attacking us are mercenaries," Lufti Az-Zawi tells Al Jazeera.
Fierce fighting reported in central Az Zawiyah - with two tanks reported blown up in Shuhada [Martyr's] Square.
Some security personnel from al-Gaddafi brigades have been arrested, Al Jazeera reports.
The attack against Az Zawiyah - just west of Tripoli - was renewed at 6am, Al Jazeera is told.
The Al-Gaddafi brigades have reportedly renewed the offensive against Az Zawiyah - where 30 were killed in last night's attack. An eyewitness tells Al Jazeera Arabic the city is being shelled, and tanks have been seen entering the city centre.
Mondoweiss: Israeli Company Recruits Mercenaries for Gaddafi
Mondoweiss has a post (3/3/2011) that lists several links to articles that claim an Israeli company headed by retired Israeli army commanders is selling arms to Gaddafi and recruiting mercenaries for him to fight the opposition forces in Libya.
The Mondoweiss' post has the near-verbatim translation of the article in Hebrew, and in it I found an interesting bit of information about Gaddafi's mercenaries:
It should be noted that mercenaries who had already arrived in Tripoli, left from Chad and that is a provable fact. According to publications in the west, Qaddafi pays the company that deals in recruiting mercenaries 2,000 USD per day, per fighter. From that, the mercenaries personally receive about $100 per day. This is a brokerage deal to the tune of billions of dollars. The money is paid to the African supervisors who bring their gangs and rake in a fortune. The large amounts include weapons and ammunition that mercenaries use, and compensation for the mercenaries’ families in the event that fighters are killed, injured, or fall in captivity.
But wait, there's more. It gets curiouser and curiouser.
An Israeli TV interviewed two Israeli woman of Libyan origin last year, who claimed to be Gaddafi's relatives. Gaddafi, if what they said is true, is Jewish, and is entitled to immigrate to Israel, no question asked.
According to Israel Today (2/21/2011):
Israel’s Channel 2 News last year interviewed two Israeli women of Libyan origin who claimed to be distant relatives of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
The older of the two interviewees, Guita Brown, said she is Gaddafi’s second cousin (Brown’s grandmother was the sister of Gaddafi’s grandmother). The younger of the two women, Rachel Saada, granddaughter of Brown, explained in more detail:
“The story goes that Gaddafi’s grandmother, herself a Jewess, was married to a Jewish man at first. But he treated her badly, so she ran away and married a Muslim sheikh. Their child was the mother of Gaddafi.”
While Gaddafi’s grandmother converted to Islam when she married the sheikh, according to Jewish religious law (and common sense), she was ethnically still Jewish.
At this point the news anchor stated, “So, the point is that Gaddafi doesn’t just have Jewish relatives, he is Jewish!”
The same magazine also reports that Gaddafi tried to fund a "Libyan" political party in Israel.
Labels: Israel, Libya, Muammar Qaddafi
OT: Music Vid for the Weekend No.1 "Burning Down the House"
Talking Heads "Burning Down the House"
We've got a match
Watch out you might get what you're after
Cool babies strange but not a stranger
I'm an ordinary guy
Hold tight wait till the party's over
Hold tight We're in for nasty weather
There has got to be a way
Labels: OT, Talking Heads
If #Saudi Arabia is the "end game" in uprising in north Africa and Middle East, the "end game" in Asia will be #China.
Aside from the phony "Jasmine" revolution, which does look to be one of those Soros/US government-funded "color revolutions", the Communist regime in China seems to be feeling the heat. Not from their own citizens (not yet, anyway) but from Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain, Yemen, now Saudi Arabia, where the ruled have finally said "enough is enough". In Asia, pockets of protests have started to appear in Communist Vietnam and North Korea, and South Koreans are busy withdrawing their money from their banks.
So, what do they do? Preemptive strike: Placate the populace quickly before they start to get funny ideas in spite of the government banning #Egypt from Twitter.
From Al Jazeera (3/5/2011):
China's government has vowed to clamp down on inflation and urgently raise incomes, as Wen Jiabao, the country's premier, devoted most of his country's equivalent of the US 'State of the Union' speech to addressing citizens' economic concerns.
Addressing the opening of the National People's Congress on Saturday, Jiabao said that the country's working class and rural residents would receive more assistance from the government, in a move aimed at sharing the benefits of rapid economic growth across more sectors of society.
Living standards are rising in China, but there have been complaints about accompanying rises in prices, as well as a lack of equitability in the benefits of national economic growth.
"We must make improving the people's lives a pivot linking reform, development and stability ... and make sure people are content with their lives and jobs, society is tranquil and orderly and the country enjoys long-term peace and stability," Wen told the legislature's nearly 3,000 members.
It is very true that the Chinese are more "economic"-minded than other races; as long as they have money and are well-fed, they couldn't care less about political issues.
Now, however, thanks to Ben "Bernank" of the US Federal Reserve and also to the long-standing Chinese policy of pegging (officially or not, tightly or loosely, it is "pegged") the currency to US dollar to keep their exported (junky) goods competitive, the money people have is worth less and less each day. The food prices have gone so much in a short time that the Chinese government has decided to reduce weight of foods in their CPI.
So what tool that's still left? State propaganda:
Chinese media, meanwhile, warned citizens against attempting to emulate popular protest movements in the Middle East and North Africa, warning that any threats to Communist Party-led stability could bring "disaster".
"Everyone knows that stability is a blessing and chaos is a calamity," said the Beijing Daily newspaper, which is the mouthpiece of the Communist Party administration for China's capital.
Yeah. Try to tell that to Tunisians and Egyptians and Libyans. The mouthpiece sounds like Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, actually.
Everybody knows that dice are loaded
Everybody rolls with their fingers crossed
Everybody knows the war is over
Everybody knows the good guys lost
Everybody knows the fight is fixed
The poor stay poor, the rich get rich
That's how it goes
(Leonard Cohen "Everybody Knows")
And against that "fixed" fight people in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and other Middle East countries have risen. Can the Chinese government succeed in keep fixing the fight?
Labels: anti-government protest, china, Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia
Robert Fisk: Saudis Mobilize Thousands of Troops to Quell Growing Revolt
In #Saudi Arabia, the end game may be happening right about now. Uprisings against regimes in northern Africa and Middle East seem to be finally catching the House of Saud.
Robert Fisk writes (3/5/2011):
Saudi Arabia was yesterday drafting up to 10,000 security personnel into its north-eastern Shia Muslim provinces, clogging the highways into Dammam and other cities with busloads of troops in fear of next week's "day of rage" by what is now called the "Hunayn Revolution".
Saudi Arabia's worst nightmare – the arrival of the new Arab awakening of rebellion and insurrection in the kingdom – is now casting its long shadow over the House of Saud. Provoked by the Shia majority uprising in the neighbouring Sunni-dominated island of Bahrain, where protesters are calling for the overthrow of the ruling al-Khalifa family,
King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia is widely reported to have told the Bahraini authorities that if they do not crush their Shia revolt, his own forces will.
Oh wait.. Then the eyewitness account of tanks crossing the bridge to Bahrain, which has been denied by the Saudi government, may have been accurate..
Fisk continues:
The opposition is expecting at least 20,000 Saudis to gather in Riyadh and in the Shia Muslim provinces of the north-east of the country in six days, to demand an end to corruption and, if necessary, the overthrow of the House of Saud. Saudi security forces have deployed troops and armed police across the Qatif area – where most of Saudi Arabia's Shia Muslims live – and yesterday would-be protesters circulated photographs of armoured vehicles and buses of the state-security police on a highway near the port city of Dammam.
Although desperate to avoid any outside news of the extent of the protests spreading, Saudi security officials have known for more than a month that the revolt of Shia Muslims in the tiny island of Bahrain was expected to spread to Saudi Arabia. Within the Saudi kingdom, thousands of emails and Facebook messages have encouraged Saudi Sunni Muslims to join the planned demonstrations across the "conservative" and highly corrupt kingdom. They suggest – and this idea is clearly co-ordinated – that during confrontations with armed police or the army next Friday, Saudi women should be placed among the front ranks of the protesters to dissuade the Saudi security forces from opening fire.
If the Saudi royal family decides to use maximum violence against demonstrators, US President Barack Obama will be confronted by one of the most sensitive Middle East decisions of his administration. In Egypt, he only supported the demonstrators after the police used unrestrained firepower against protesters. But in Saudi Arabia – supposedly a "key ally" of the US and one of the world's principal oil producers – he will be loath to protect the innocent.
It will simply be above Obama's pay grade, Mr. Fisk, and he couldn't care less or is too lazy. As you pointed out earlier, all he cares about is getting re-elected, and in the US it is not by popular vote.
Got oil?
Got gold? Got silver?
Got food?
Labels: anti-government protest, Obama presidency, Saudi Arabia
Financial Times, whose parent is partially owned by the Libyan Investment Authority, reports that despite the UN, EU, and US sanctions hundreds of millions of dollars from oil export continue to flow to Gaddafi's Libya.
From FT (3/4/2011) [emphasis is mine]:
Muammer Gaddafi’s regime is still benefiting from hundreds of millions of dollars in oil export revenues, even as western powers impose financial sanctions aimed at forcing Libya’s leader from power.
Payments for crude oil exports are finding their way back to Libya’s central bank and, potentially, into Col Gaddafi’s direct control, according to a senior western oil official and traders contacted by the Financial Times.
Oil officials and shipbrokers said that Libya exported about 570,000 barrels a day in the last week of February, when the unrest started, and shipped about 400,000 b/d this week. At current prices, the oil shipped over the two-week period is worth $770m.
.... UN and European sanctions do not target the Libyan central bank and US sanctions do not hit Libyan-owned groups incorporated outside the country.
US Treasury officials say that institutions of American origin cannot make payments to groups subject to Washington’s sanctions, such as the Libyan central bank, but can make deposits into a blocked interest-bearing account to be refunded to the Libyan people at a later date.
.... Col Gaddafi still controls Libya’s largest oil terminal, Es Sider, in the centre of the country. Argus, the energy reporting service, estimated that Libyan crude exports had fallen to about 225,000 b/d on Friday. If Libya is able to sustain exports at that level, which some industry executives and shipbrokers doubt, the country could earn nearly $200m a week.
Sanctions are there so that they know how to get around them. Much like TBTF Wall Street banks welcomed the Dodd-Frank bill on financial regulations so that they can figure out how to get around them.
Labels: Libya, Muammar Qaddafi, oil price, sanctions
Al Jazeera may soon need "Saudi Arabia Live Blog"...
Just reading tweets by Sultan Al Qassemi:
More chants in Qatif: "We vow that we won't forget our prisoners" "Sunni & Shia we won't sell our nation" Arabic Video http://bit.ly/f9JmHn
46 minutes ago via web
Other chants include "Mansiyoon - Mansiyoon" "We are forgotten". Qatif is the centre of the Saudi Shia minority population.
I'm watching internet uploaded videos of the protests in Qateef in #Saudi, chants of "Silmiya - Silmya" "Peaceful - Peaceful"
Robert Fisk thinks the "end game" in all these uprisings in NAME (Northern Africa, Middle East) is Saudi Arabia.
As I posted in my TA blog, someone bought a large amount of call options on oil ETF (USO) that will expire in July. I bought along with that person, just in case.
Labels: anti-government protest, oil price, Saudi Arabia
Egyptians Back in #Tahrir Square, Oprah Cancels Show
Hilarity of the day, saw it @ Zero Hedge:
And in absolutely hypocritical and hilarious news (cause they are so true), following today's re-escalation in Egyptian violence, Oprah, who was previously scheduled to have a show in Cairo's Tahrir Square, has promptly pulled out, citing "the flu."
Oprah Winfrey is not coming to Egypt’s Tahrir Square, despite an announcement from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism saying the celebrity had accepted an invitation “without hesitation.”
According to a post on Oprah’s Twitter account Friday evening, the star has been in bed with the flu since the Oscars earlier this week. “Hearing reports that I’m taking show to Cairo. NOT TRUE. Have no plans to do so,” she tweeted.
The Ministry of Tourism invited Oprah and other celebrities to Tahrir Square as part of a campaign to bring tourists back to Egypt following the January 25 Revolution, which managed to oust Egypt’s 30-year dictator in just eighteen days.
The prospect of Oprah’s appearance in Tahrir Square has been met with mixed reactions by Egyptians. Some argue that any publicity is good publicity, and believe Oprah’s appearance will help draw tourists back to Egypt. Others are disdainful of the idea, asking, “Where was Oprah during the revolution?”
Please, c'mon Egyptians, don't waste your precious Egyptian Pounds on this woman. Do you know how much the Australian government had to shell out to invite Oprah to do her show (with rapidly dwindling viewership) there?
$3.3 million. That is 19.47 million Egyptian Pounds.
I think you have much better and much needed use of this money instead of wasting on Oprah.
Labels: Egypt, Oprah, Tahrir Square
As you can see in the silver chart to the left: $35.57 right now (Friday 3/4/2011, 1:18 PM PST).
Paper silver (SLV) closed today at $34.69, 2.47% discount compared to physical silver.
Gold also got the bid, US Treasuries, some. Still not many takers for the world "reserve currency", US dollar.
Labels: gold, Libya, silver, US dollar
From Wikipedia entry:
The first significant move towards creating INTERPOL was in 1914 at the First International Criminal Police Congress. Police officers, lawyers and magistrates from 14 countries gathered in Monaco to discuss arrest procedures, identification techniques, centralized international criminal records and extradition proceedings.[6] However World War I delayed this initiative and it was not until 1923 that Interpol was founded in Austria as the International Criminal Police (ICP).
Following the Anschluss (Austria's annexation by Germany) in 1938, the organization fell under the control of Nazi Germany, and the Commission's headquarters were eventually moved to Berlin in 1942. From 1938 to 1945, the presidents of Interpol included Otto Steinhäusl, Reinhard Heydrich, Arthur Nebe, and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. All were generals in the SS, and Kaltenbrunner was the highest ranking SS officer executed after the Nuremberg Trial. Reinhard Heydrich was assassinated by Czech (Kubiš) and Slovak (Gabčík) patriots in 1942.
After the end of World War II in 1945, the organization was revived as the International Criminal Police Organization by European Allies of World War II officials from Belgium, France, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom. Its new headquarters were established in Saint-Cloud, a town on the outskirts of Paris. They remained there until 1989, when they were moved to their present location, Lyon.
Until the 1980s Interpol did not intervene in the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in accordance with Article 3 of its Constitution forbidding intervention in 'political' matters.[7]
On 2 July 2010, former Interpol President Jackie Selebi was found guilty of corruption by the South African High Court in Johannesburg for accepting bribes worth $156,000 from a drug trafficker.[8] After being charged in January 2008, Selebi resigned as president of Interpol and was put on extended leave as National Police Commissioner of South Africa.
SS officers, eh..?
1914. The year the World War I started, and one year after the US Federal Reserve was created. Interesting.
Labels: Interpol, Libya
Interpol Issues "Orange Alert" for #Gaddafi and 15-Member Inner Circle
Questions: What's the business of Interpol in this? WTF is "orange alert"?
Let's start with the second question (in a fine day-old tradition of Prez Obama).
According to Reuters who reported the news, orange alerts and red alerts (they are called "notice", not "alert", by Interpol) issued by Interpol are not arrest warrants, but they are helpful notices to local authorities (fast disappearing sovereign states) to track down illegal assets or suspects.
By Interpol's own words, an orange notice is:
To warn police, public entities and other international organizations about potential threats from disguised weapons, parcel bombs and other dangerous materials.
Hmmm... That doesn't sound like a notice issued for "people", does it? If it's about people (like Gaddafi and his inner-circle), they could issue a red notice (which they issue the most - 5,020 in 2009) or a green notice (second-most issued notice, 1,139 in 2009).
Interpol's notices are color-coded, but unlike the alert system of the US Homeland Security, they don't correspond to the seriousness of the threat; rather, they simply depict different types of crimes covered:
Red notice - to seek the arrest of a wanted person (the most issued notice by Interpol)
Yellow notice - to help locate missing persons
Blue notice - to collect information about a person
Black notice - to collect information on unidentified bodies (hmmmm.)
Green notice - to provide warnings and criminal intelligence about persons who have committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.
Interpol, an organization to facilitate international police cooperation and whose US branch is within the Department of Homeland Security, does not have the authority to issue arrest warrants, and its Constitution "forbids the Organization from undertaking any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character". (See wiki for quick summary of Interpol.)
Well, that applies to Libya almost perfectly, doesn't it? Actively pursuing the Gaddafis with a red or green notice would mean Interpol taking part in political, military, racial (not sure about religious) intervention, which is forbidden in the Constitution of Interpol.
So an orange notice was issued, I think, because they couldn't issue a red or green notice without violating their Constitution.
But why do they get involved, to begin with?
Interpol is being set up to be the police of the UN, say some; the police of the NWO, say others. The current Secretary-General is an American, Ronald Noble, former Treasury Department official in charge of the US Secret Service, BATF, among others.
And as I wrote more than a year ago (after Prez Obama quietly gave Interpol the full diplomatic immunity), the US branch of Interpol is "co-located" within the US Justice Department, with its personnel actually the permanent employees of various US executive branch's agencies and departments. (I do recommend you take a look at my post from 1/3/2010.)
I suspect Interpol is, practically, a US operation, even though the name says "international". Much like the NATO is practically a US operation with a token participation from the "members".
By issuing the orange notice which is for weapons and dangerous materials instead of a red or green notice, Interpol (and so the US) may be setting the stage for a military intervention by an international coalition (the UN, the NATO, or select allies of the US) to eliminate Libya's "weapons of mass destruction".
We will find out soon enough.
Posted by arevamirpal::laprimavera at 9:11 AM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Interpol, Libya, Muammar Qaddafi
Stress Test Jr. to Further Shore Up CONfidence Is a Rigged Game
in which TBTF banks came up with the answers AND the questions.
From Pro Publica's Jessie Eisinger (3/2/2011) [emphasis is mine]:
A Test Where the Banks Had the Questions and the Answers
Later this month, the Federal Reserve is going to let banks know how they did on its most recent round of “stress tests.”
Banks are eager to bring doctors’ notes to their meetings with investors, displaying their bills of health. They want regulators to allow them to start paying, or increasing, dividends to investors or to initiate stock buyback programs.
This set of exams, announced in November, is Son of Stress Test 2009, a follow-up to the tests the Fed conducted in the wake of the financial crisis.
But something seems different this time around. It’s almost as if the banks knew their results, even before the testing was complete.
Since the end of last year, banks have been bragging about their rude health. Bank of America’s chief executive, Brian T. Moynihan, suggested that the bank would raise its dividend above its current token amount. Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan Chase’s leader, did the same. Warren E. Buffett suggested in his shareholder letter that Wells Fargo was about to pass with flying colors.
Of course, banks ought to have a good idea of the results. They came up with the questions — and the answers.
The Fed gave the banks one economic assumption — a recession — to test their books against, but otherwise the measures were chosen by banks themselves. The Fed just vetted them. Seems like a low bar.
“It’s a take-home exam where you supply the math and then it’s pass/fail,” said Joshua Rosner, an analyst with the independent research firm Graham-Fisher & Company.
Though the Fed isn’t labeling these exams an official banking system stress test, it could be every bit as consequential. Just as the 2009 tests required some banks to raise money — and the most fragile improved their capital to the tune of about $77 billion — this Stress Test Lite could allow some banks to slough off capital.
Unfortunately, declarations of banking system vigor seem premature. Housing has resumed its fall, and many analysts expect national prices to fall on average this year. Commercial real estate is a looming problem. Unemployment remains obdurately high.
In 2009, critics complained that the stress tests were driven by appearances and that the government’s true, and thinly disguised, goal was to shore up confidence in the markets. The conclusion — that, over all, the system was sound — was inevitable.
“The stress tests were designed to reassure the capital markets that the government was not going to restructure the banks,” said Damon A. Silvers, who serves on the Congressional Oversight Panel, which monitors the Troubled Asset Relief Program. “But the capital raises compared to the problem assets were not that big.”
In the first round, the Fed disclosed the economic assumptions, a baseline and an “adverse” situation, which the banks had to test against. (In that event, even the adverse situation for 2009 wasn’t as dire as reality.)
Unfortunately, the central bank didn’t disclose enough information to actually judge the results. The Congressional Oversight Panel enlisted two University of California, Berkeley professors who specialized in banking and risk assessment to judge the tests. They had to throw up their hands.
The two “were interpreting shapes on the wall,” said Eric Talley, a professor of law at Berkeley, who worked on the project. “We couldn’t see what the shapes were, so had to look at residue to see if those were the shapes you would normally want to use.”
This time, the Fed hasn’t made even that cursory amount of criteria public.
The first round of tests was based on self-reported data of asset quality and loss estimates. This time around, that weakness is squared. Now the banks are reporting on their own internal capital plans based on their own asset assessment.
“It could be that banks have been really assiduous about own risk portfolios,” Professor Talley said. “Or it could be that too much control over the process has been handed over to banks. It’s hard to tell.”
While the Fed got hammered by critics who assailed the tests as too deferential to the banks, the central bank was doing something unprecedented and holding the banks to what it viewed as a solid capital standard.
Inevitably, though privately, banks screamed to the regulators about how harsh they were. They were reluctant to do so publicly because we were still in that fleeting period when bankers displayed a modicum of chagrin for the debacle they had caused. That moment has passed.
It would be alarming if the regulators had internalized their complaints. The operating theory of supervision from the Treasury secretary, Timothy F. Geithner, and the banking regulators continues to hold: we can push banks to restructure, without forcing them. Banks can be made to raise capital and reduce their risky activities, largely through encouragement and moral suasion. They can please shareholders and be safe at the same time.
We had better hope that the banks actually are healthy. The banks say ‘Trust us,’ and the Fed is doing just that.
Well, "hope" is a dirty word now. (You can thank Obama.)
Even the "pass/fail" is too discriminatory, isn't it?
Can't wait to see the spin on the government-controlled channels when the results are announced.
Here's SNL video on the 1st stress test. Ah, fond memories...
Labels: Federal reserve, SNL, stress test
Now Please, C'mon, We Have No Money, and Please, Wait for Surprises
says #Saif al-Islam #Gaddafi in Al Jazeera interview that is scheduled to air on Friday. A sneak preview was posted on their Libya Blog for 3/4/2011.
This guy has the most irritating mannerism. I don't know where he learned it from. (LSE?) Over-use of "please" and "c'mon", don't be silly...
What "surprises" is he talking about, though?
Labels: Libya, Saif Gaddafi
It is about the official visit of a tin-pot dictator from Africa, who happens to be the classmate of Hacker at LSE, the school Sir Humphrey, an Oxford graduate, belittles at every single occasion.
I think it was about Libya; or could easily have been.
Here's Part 1:
and Part 2:
and Part 3. Enjoy..
Labels: LSE, OT, Yes Minister
LSE Director Steps Down Over #Libya, #Gaddafi Ties
Announcement from LSE:
It is with great regret and reluctance that the Council of the London School of Economics and Political Science announces that it has accepted the resignation of Sir Howard Davies as Director. The Council has asked him to stay on until arrangements for a successor have been resolved.
The Council has commissioned an independent external inquiry into the School’s relationship with Libya and with Saif Gaddafi and into related matters.
The inquiry will be conducted by Lord Woolf, former Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales and former Chairman of the Council of University College London.
Sir Howard Davies said: “I have concluded that it would be right for me to step down even though I know that this will cause difficulty for the institution I have come to love. The short point is that I am responsible for the School’s reputation, and that has suffered.
“I advised the Council that it was reasonable to accept the money and that has turned out to be a mistake. There were risks involved in taking funding from sources associated with Libya and they should have been weighed more heavily in the balance.
“Also, I made a personal error of judgment in accepting the British government’s invitation to be an economic envoy and the consequent Libyan invitation to advise their sovereign wealth fund. There was nothing substantive to be ashamed of in that work and I disclosed it fully, but the consequence has been to make it more difficult for me to defend the institution.”
Sir Howard’s letter of resignation can be found below.
Peter Sutherland, Chairman of the Court of Governors, said: “Howard has been an outstanding director of the LSE these past eight years and his achievements here will endure long after the current controversy has died away.
“We accept his resignation with great regret and reluctance but understand that he has taken an honorable course in the best interests of the school.”
Sir Howard, knighted in 2000 by then-Prime Minister Tony Blair, was the chairman of the Financial Services Authority in the UK. He became the director of LSE in 2003, but he himself had graduated from Merton College, Oxford. He has been a Director at Morgan Stanley since 2004. He is on the advisory boards for China's commissions on banking and securities regulations, and is an advisor to the sovereign fund of Singapore.
(It seems, at least so far, Goldman Sachs' sovereign and regulatory capture is confined within the US, whereas J.P.Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley seem to be all over the world..)
Labels: Libya, LSE
Obama Allows One Question, and Answers NFL Lockout First
Not #Libya. Oh boy do we have the lightest weight at the White House. And what kind of question is that? NFL?? In the joint press conference of Obama and the Mexican president?
I guess the AP reporter, Ben Feller, figured that Obama would be more comfortable with the topic he has a better grip on... Obama hates press conferences, because he cannot read on his beloved teleprompters.
Here's a video clip from Real Clear Politics.
Labels: Libya, Obama presidency
Algo Bots Positioning for Tomorrow's NFP Number in the US
The stock market remain high into the close, but the volume doesn't seem to be matching the out-sized gains. The only players? HFT bots.
Which way is it gonna be tomorrow, up or down? Place your bets on the non-farm payroll (NFP) number from your trusted government!
Here's a good one from J.P.Morgan Chase, Gaddafi's banker:
“All the stars seem to be aligned for a stronger number,” said Anthony Chan, chief economist for J.P. Morgan Chase’s Private Wealth Management group.
It's in the stars, people! Laugh and be merry, everything is great.
Chart of S&P futures, from Zero Hedge:
Labels: NFP, stock market, unemployment
Uh oh. I think he said the same thing right before the Afghan surge, meaning the US military brass was NARROWING THE OPTIONS for him. And we know what happened on that: the surge, that continues to kill and injure Afghan civilians and US and NATO soldiers.
Watch out Libyans and the segment of the US taxpayers (majority) who do not want to meddle in the affairs of others in other countries and who certainly do not want to foot the bill of Obama's adventures.
From AFP Libya Live Report on Yahoo (3/3/2011):
1912 GMT: US President Barack Obama is weighing a "full range of options" he told reporters Thursday."In addition to the non-military actions that we've taken, I want to make sure that those full range of options are available to me," he said. Asked whether that included the imposition of a no-fly zone over Libya, he said, "That is one of the options that we would be looking at."Obama said the priority now was to provide humanitarian assistance as thousands of people flee the unrest in Libya. And he said Libyan leader Moamer Kadhafi was encouraging violence against unarmed citizens."I don't want us hamstrung. I want us to be making our decisions based on what's going to be best for the Libyan people, in consultation with the international community," he said, adding that Washington is consulting closely with America's NATO partners.
Well, NATO is not really about "humanitarian aid", is it?
I am afraid Obama is deluded if he thinks he has a choice, not to mention choices.
Labels: Libya, military intervention, Obama policy
Seriously. One donut, filled with custard creme and coffee glaze on top, costs $1.75. A few months ago I think it was $1.20 or so. A year ago, definitely below $1, more like 70, 80 cents.
Ben, stop that goddam QE2. I need my donut below $1, and I don't care if the stock market crashes.
Labels: Federal reserve, food shortage, QE2
("Rebels" word by Guardian, not mine.)
From UK's Guardian (3/3/2011):
Leaders of anti-Gaddafi fighters say talk of peace is too late and they will not negotiate via Venezuelan president.
Libya's rebel leaders have ruled out any attempt by Hugo Chávez to broker a truce between them and Muammar Gaddafi, whom they insist must leave the country.
"No one has told us a thing about it and we are not interested anyway," said the spokesman of the national committee in Benghazi, Abdul Hafif Goga. "We will never negotiate with him."
The rebel leadership said the international community had yet to inform them of any initiative from the Venezuelan president, who reportedly contacted the embattled Libyan leader earlier this week in a bid to enter the fortnight-long violent standoff.
"Talk of peace is far too late," said a second member of the organising committee, Salwa Bogheiga. "A lot of people have died and there is no one to negotiate with. They lost that right when they started killing people on 17 February."
Gaddafi's side accepted the generous offer by the strongman of Venezuela. Guardian calls Gaddafi's side "the Libyan government", but I'm not sure it can still be called a "government", when it doesn't have the full support of the military, the diplomats, half the government officials have defected, it doesn't provide essential services to the populace, it doesn't protect instead it attacks and kills.
If I were a Libyan, I wouldn't want Gaddafi and his family out of the country until Libya gets the money back. They have appropriated the wealth of the country (with the help of crooks like Tony Blair), which is duly managed by the international banksters like J.P.Morgan Chase. If you simply kick Gaddafi and his family out of the country, bankers and wealthy friends like Rothchild and fellow crooks like Tony Blair would make sure the Gaddafis have a luxurious after-life on the money they've taken from Libya.
The US stock market gapped up higher following the overnight ramp-up in the futures, partly due to the seemingly better unemployment number and partly due to this Venezuelan mediation prospect. Oil and precious metals have been slammed.
Labels: anti-government protest, Hugo Chavez, Libya
Ron Paul vs Hillary Clinton: No Dollars for Dictators
The video was tweeted by @OmarAlmu5tar. Good for the Libyans, they are discovering Ron Paul.
Labels: Libya, Ron Paul
Lockerbie Deal and J.P.Morgan Chase as #Libya's Central Bank
All thanks to Tony Blair.
I was re-reading the article on the Wall Street banks who has their hands on the Libya's sovereign wealth fund money (which I linked on my post here), and something caught my attention on the second read:
reportedly handles much of the LIA's cash and some of the Libyan central bank's reserves. The summer after then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Gaddafi in 2008, LIA gave "mandates to some of the international banks, including JPMorgan to manage their funds in the interbank money markets, according to Vanity Fair.
JPMorgue manages reserves of the Libyan central bank??
So I went to the Vanity Fair link in the article, and I landed on "The Lockerbie Deal", Vanity Fair exclusive on 1/26/2011 by David Rose. Note the date - one day after the large demonstration in Egypt, but Libya was still "peaceful", and I don't think the article got much attention:
In 2009 the convicted Lockerbie bomber was sent home to Libya from a Scottish prison on grounds of “compassionate release”—he had only three months to live, authorities said. A year and a half later the man is still alive—and a Vanity Fair investigation reveals new details about the business interests and private dealings that lay behind the prisoner’s release. At the heart of the matter: the cozy and “profitable relationships” between the Blair government and Qaddafi’s Libya.
It so turns out that British Prime Minister Tony Blair and his officials bent over backward to accommodate Gaddafi so that their favorite businesses would get lucrative business deals with Gaddafi's Libya and they would land on a cushy job in the private sector.
And J.P.Morgan Chase purchased Tony Blair for $3 million per year.
The relevant part of the Vanity Fair article:
And then there is Blair himself, who in the three and a half years since stepping down as prime minister has reportedly earned at least $30 million from his various business dealings around the world. Like many retired politicians, Blair commands high fees for public speaking, but in terms of income these fees represent a sideshow. In January 2008, Blair accepted a position as a consultant to the American bank J.P. Morgan Chase for a reported compensation of $3 million a year.
.... But Blair’s employer, J.P. Morgan, does have commercial relationships with Libya. Three senior British officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, say that Blair has made numerous trips to Libya since leaving Downing Street, at least partly on behalf of the bank. “The Blair magic still works with Qaddafi,” one of these officials observes. “Qaddafi will drop everything to see Blair.” Saif al-Islam, Qaddafi’s probable heir, said last summer that Blair was “a personal family friend” and added that Blair had visited Libya “many, many times” since leaving office.
Neither Blair nor the bank will say anything about what he does to justify his salary, either in Libya or elsewhere. Executives at other banks with Libyan interests say that J.P. Morgan now handles much of the Libyan Investment Authority’s cash, and some of the Libyan central bank’s reserves. Blair joined J.P. Morgan in early 2008—just as the authority began to ask foreign banks and asset-management companies for specific proposals as to what they might do with its billions. There was no shortage of takers. A Libyan official says: “We were besieged.” A voice at the table like Blair’s would get attention.
For J.P. Morgan, there was a further factor at work. It was able to start looking for Libyan money in 2008 because the climate had improved thanks to Qaddafi’s payment of the final tranche of compensation to the families of the Lockerbie victims ($10 million per family), a rapprochement sealed by the visit by then secretary of state Condoleezza Rice to Tripoli. By the summer of that year, says a Libyan financier, “a great percentage of the L.I.A.’s funds were in the interbank money markets, channelled through the central bank. They have given mandates to some of the international banks to manage this liquidity”—including J.P. Morgan. J.P. Morgan has not indicated whether it intends to take the next logical step and apply for one of the licenses being offered to foreign banks to set up operations there. I asked J.P. Morgan’s spokesman, Brian Marchiony, about this specific matter, about the bank’s handling of Libyan assets in general, and about Tony Blair’s role in developing its business. He replied by e-mail, saying simply: “We’re going to decline to comment.”
Another interesting tidbit in the article:
Until 2009, Rothschild was an adviser to the Libyan Investment Authority.
Well, no wonder Gaddafi says "People love me." Everyone wanted to do business with him, at whatever cost - BP, J.P.Morgan Chase, Tony Blair, Rothchild.
I wonder if the Libyan central bank reserves that J.P.Morgan Chase handles include gold...
Labels: JPM, Libya, Lockerbie, Muammar Qaddafi, Tony Blair
Opposition in #Benghazi, #Libya, Wants No-Fly Zone, Bombing by UN on Gaddafi Forces
Libyans, do you agree? Do you want foreigners fighting your war, if not for you but alongside you? Instead of Libyans taking care of the Libyan dictator and his entourage, would you rather have the outsider (the UN) bomb and kill Libyans who don't agree with you?
A no-fly zone would mean Gaddafi's planes would be shot down. The pilots, unlike Gaddafi's rag-tag "African" mercenaries, are Libyans. Do you want to have Libyans killed by the foreigners, because they are flying the planes for Gaddafi?
What would the opposition offer to the UN (or the US, or the NATO, or Arab League, or whatever entity who seems suddenly eager to impose a no-fly zone), in exchange for the no-fly zone and bombing of Gaddafi's forces? Quid pro quo. Don't believe the UN, particularly the West, would do anything purely out of goodwill.
Imposing a no-fly zone requires extensive logistics. I cannot imagine such an action without "boots on the ground" - i.e. foreign troops, special forces, military advisors, inside Libya. Hey that's not much different from the Gaddafi days, is it?
All I can say is "As you wish", and "Be careful what you wish for".
From Al Jazeera Libya Blog 3/3/2011:
12:36am Speaking of the opposition in Benghazi, they say they are not just calling for a no-fly zone, but for UN forces to conduct airstrikes on forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi.
The city is tense, as volunteers continue to sign up for ad-hoc military training ahead of an expected counteroffensive.
12:32am Ibrahim Dabbashi, Libya's deputy ambassador to the UN, says the international body may consider setting up the much-debated no-fly zone over the country if the interim National Council formed by the opposition in Benghazi submits a formal written request for one.
What is needed at this time is that such decision be made officially and that we, in New York, are notified of it so that we make a formal request to the United Nations."
Labels: anti-government protest, Libya, military intervention, no-fly zone
From Lew Rockwell at LRC Blog:
Writes a friend:
CNBC didn’t run any commercials during Bernanke’s testimony this morning, until Ron Paul began to speak. They came back live after his questioning, choosing to resume with Maxine Waters. State-controlled media indeed.
Ben Bernank was in the House Financial Services Committee this morning, prevaricating as usual.
Labels: Ben Bernanke, House Financial Committee, Ron Paul
#Gaddafi's pilots bombed sand dunes in Brega, as the battle raged on between pro-Gaddafi fighters and anti-Gaddafi fighters on a university campus nearby.
The pilots, maybe, just maybe, didn't want to bomb the fellow Libyans no matter which side, and didn't want to bomb oil refineries either.
These people don't need a no-fly zone imposed and controlled by the US and the US allies. Let them finish their job.
From Al Jazeera:
Steve Jobs Is At Apple's March IPad2 Event in San Francisco
He looks no thinner than he has appeared in Apple's events in the past year or so.
Live Blog of the event from LA Times.
And here's what Job's taking the stage did to the stock. AAPL intraday chart:
Labels: AAPL, iPad, Steve Jobs
Hilarity of the Day: Chile Delays End of Summer Time to Save Energy
Let there be summer for three more weeks...
From Reuters (3/2/2011):
* Chile grappling with energy squeeze amid drought
* Government has lowered voltages to save power
* New measure will save 22 gigawatt-hours per year
* Copper industry seen safe from any outages
(Updates with Energy minister comments, adds link)
SANTIAGO, March 2 (Reuters) - Chile will delay the end of its summer
time until for three weeks as the country faces an energy squeeze because
of drought and high demand, the government said on Wednesday.
The country will end its daylight savings time on April 2.
"This change in time looks to save a certain amount of energy with
better use of sunlight," Mining and Energy minister Laurence Golborne said.
"This will save around 22 gigawatt-hours per year."
Chile relies heavily on hydroelectric power to meet energy needs in the
world's top copper producer, and rain shortages force generators to rely on
costly fuel-driven plants, compounding inflation risks in the country's
fast-growing economy.
The energy squeeze is not, however, expected to affect the mining
industry, which is concentrated in the northern part of Chile.
Labels: Chile
#Gaddafi Speaks for 3 Hours As He Orders Air Raids
Al Jazeera #Libya Blog (3/2/2011) has a running commentary of his speech as he spoke earlier today for THREE hours. (I hope his audience was paid well.) Read from 1:54PM to 4:09PM.
As he spoke of his patriotism and his determination to fight the colonial powers (the West), his air force started to bomb cities. (Mubarak Redux, isn't it? Mubarak didn't have the military on his side though.)
Right on cue, Mr. Gaddafi, you've just given the opening for the West (particularly Washington, where neocons have been agitating) to rally the gullible populace for imposing a no-fly zone.
For what? So that he can die a hero's death, defending his country against foreign aggressors.
Again, reminder: Imposing a no-fly zone in Libya will involve the US and whoever allies of the US bombing Libya's airfields and taking out planes, patrolling 24/7 over Libya to enforce the no-fly zone, setting up bases near and probably inside Libya to support the bombing and patrolling.
From Al Jazeera Libya Blog 3/2/2011 on airstrikes:
Al Jazeera's Tony Birtley was just on the phone with us - 10km away from the oil-rich town of Brega. As we spoke, he was watching a Libyan airforce jet bombing the area.
It’s now an air attack. We just watched an air force jet from the Libyan air force fly over Brega and drop at least one bomb - and huge plumes of smoke are now coming out over Brega. Another bombed near our position, where anti-Gaddafi forces have gathered.
All the fighters here are massing. We understand that something like 250-300 pro-Gaddafi fighters inside Brega and they are being surrounded.
Gaddafi is still a force to be reckoned with, he is not giving up.
The population here want an air exclusion zone to prevent this sort of attack - but they don'twant foreign troops on the ground.
All major oil and gas installations in the town are in thehands of the opposition. We believe this is the main reason for the attack.
Airstrikes also reported in city of Ajdabiya, just northeast of Brega, Casualty count not yet known.
We're hearing from our colleagues at Al Jazeera Arabic that four people have been killed and ten injured in an air raid on the town of Brega.
Labels: anti-government protest, Libya, military intervention, Muammar Qaddafi, no-fly zone
#Libya's Bankers: Goldman Sachs, J.P.Morgan Chase, Citigroup, Carlyle Group
As the US Treasury Department froze $30 billion assets of the Gaddafis and the Libyan government, all I wanted to know was "Who are the bankers who have managed that assets?"
My guess was Goldman Sachs, and either Merrill Lynch or J.P.Morgan Chase. I got two right.
From Huffington Post's Marcus Baram (3/1/2011):
NEW YORK -- U.S. President Barack Obama's executive order freezing $30 billion in assets of Muammar Gaddafi, his family and the Libyan government could impact several U.S. banks and private equity firms, including Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and the Carlyle Group. The Obama administration described it as the largest seizure of foreign funds in U.S. history.
The oil-rich country's sovereign wealth fund, the Libyan Investment Authority, controls at least $70 billion in fixed assets and reserves. It has invested the bulk of its money in European banks and businesses, including Dutch-Belgian bank Fortis, Italian bank Unicredit, the Pearson publishing empire, Italian defense firm Finmeccanica SpA, an oil-production sharing agreement with BP and even a slice of the Italian soccer team Juventus.
In the wake of the Bush administration's lifting of sanctions against Libya in 2004, following Gaddafi's agreement to give up weapons of mass destruction, American businesses and private equity firms also came flocking to the North African country to court government and LIA officials. As The Huffington Post reported last week, a broad coalition of U.S. oil companies, defense manufacturers and businesses lobbied the U.S. government to repair relations with the longtime international pariah and to take advantage of business opportunities in the country.
The secretive Libyan Investment Authority has reportedly invested hundreds of millions of dollars in Goldman Sachs Asset Management funds, including a loan fund designed to invest in new hedge funds set up by the Kuwait Investment Authority. Goldman Sachs already has a relationship with Libya -- in 2008, Goldman was the first U.S. bank to get a contract with the country following the removal of sanctions, when it was hired by Libya's central bank to provide information on its behalf to credit rating agencies. A spokesperson for Goldman Sachs did not return calls seeking comment.
The Libyan government, including LIA, has also banked with Citigroup, according to several sources familiar with the matter. A spokesperson for Citigroup declined to comment on the bank's interactions with the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control, which is in charge of carrying out Obama's order regarding Libyan assets.
JPMorgan Chase reportedly handles much of the LIA's cash and some of the Libyan central bank's reserves. The summer after then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Gaddafi in 2008, LIA gave "mandates to some of the international banks, including JPMorgan to manage their funds in the interbank money markets, according to Vanity Fair.
The LIA fund's general consultant has been Mercer Investment Consulting, a unit of Marsh & McClennan, the global risk consulting and advisory firm. A spokesperson for Marsh declined comment. The fund set up a $2 billion investment fund with the Qatar Investment Authority to invest in Libya, Qatar and Western markets, which could complicate the effort to freeze the LIA's assets.
Two years ago, the Carlyle Group's co-founder and managing director, David Rubenstein, and Blackstone chief executive Steven Schwarzman traveled to the Libyan capital of Tripoli to help celebrate the wedding of Mustafa Zarti, the deputy director of the LIA, in a massive tent set up on the outskirts of the city, reported the Financial Times. And when Gaddafi's son and longtime likely successor, Saif al-Islam, visited New York in November 2008, Schwarzman hosted a lunch for him at the Blackstone CEO's Park Avenue apartment. The younger Gaddafi was also honored on that trip by Carlyle's retired chairman, former defense secretary Frank Carlucci, who hosted a dinner for him in a private room at the City Club.
Thanks to the efforts of Rubenstein, who first traveled to Libya in 2006, the Carlyle Group received funds from the LIA. A spokesman for Carlyle declined comment. A spokesman for Blackstone told The Huffington Post, "We have no investments in Libya. They have no investments with us."
Labels: citigroup, Goldman Sachs, JPM, Libya, Muammar Qaddafi
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Real World Stories from the Creative Economy: Daniel Reardon
Check out this blog module from Bob Barancik over at Creative Ledge
http://www.creativeledge.com/blog/2008/07/real-world-stories-from-creative.php
In it, he interviews Daniel Reardon. Dan was the former CEO of Bass Shoes (a $400 million division of the Phillip Van Heusen corporation) and is currently a senior business consultant to L.L. Bean. He also developed and managed the retail operation of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts for three years. Dan is an avid art collector and a longtime supporter of organizations that serve at-risk youth.
Creative Ledge is starting to pump out a lot of good stuff on the creative economy, and it's definitely worth joining the mailing list and RSS feed if you're the type who is constantly searching for ways to get that inspirational spark..
Posted by Ted Chan at 9:26 AM 0 comments
MIT helping its community reduce dependence on driving
MIT is helping its students, staff and faculty reduce dependence on driving. I really like #2 (although #1 is the one that benefits me as a regular T rider). I was once heavily dependent on driving myself being from the suburbs. It was hard for me to imagine taking public transportation anywhere until my girlfriend got me to try it out. Now I'm convinced that the need for car ownership is an American myth, especially for a city dweller. You can get just about anywhere with a combination of walking, taxis, public transportation and ZipCars for teaching.
Here's the letter to the MIT community from the administration on the program. Hopefully other urban situated universities are implementing similar programs.
Dear Members of the MIT Community,
Many of us are feeling the pinch of rising energy costs, which is why
I am pleased to announce several new benefits for commuters.
1. MIT will increase its subsidy of MBTA commuter rail passes up to
50% for all zones. The increase, which will cover passes issued
for the month of October onward, will result in savings for nearly
600 members of the MIT community. We hope that this increase in
subsidy will also help many who are not currently using the
commuter rail to discover that it can be an attractive alternative
to driving, especially when combined with an occasional parking
pass, which lets you park up to eight times per month on campus at
a cost of $4 per day.
2. To encourage drivers to try public transportation, MIT will offer
free transit passes for the month of September to employees who
currently park at MIT five days a week. The offer will give
community members a chance to test whether public transportation
works for them. Importantly, signing up for the offer will not
affect the status of your parking passes.
Also, if you find that transit passes work for you, it may be a
good option to consider combining this option with an occasional
parking pass at the frequency/rate stated above. If you currently
drive to work and park full-time, you will soon receive an email
from the Office of Parking and Transportation with details on how
to take advantage of the free passes.
The new services build upon the wide range of flexible,
environmentally friendly and cost-effective options already available
to MIT commuters, the details of which are available at this newly
updated site: <http://web.mit.edu/facilities/transportation/>. We
encourage you to visit this site and learn more about options that you
may be unfamiliar with, such as our emergency ride home program for
transit and bike commuters; occasional parking permit for walkers,
transit and bike commuters; discounted parking fees and preferential
parking for vanpools and carpools; and much more.
We will be providing updates on additional services for commuters in
the weeks and months ahead. Ideas we're exploring include subsidies
for cyclists and expanded parking spaces at key commuter locations in
and around Cambridge. Most importantly, we will be setting up an
online form to solicit ideas and suggestions, and we welcome hearing
Theresa M. Stone
Executive Vice President and Treasurer
Smoking/naked light is prohibited within the petrol
One of the humorously mistranslated signs I saw during my trip to Hong Kong.
"Smoking/naked light is prohibited within the petrol." I mean...that is really far off. Especially in Hong Kong, where there are a lot of people who speak English.
My friend's roadtrip through Armenia
My friend Areg is blogging his trip to Armenia and discussing the rapid pace of change. He generally has a pretty unique perspective on things so I thought I would post the link to his blog:
http://standingineurope.blogspot.com/
Cialdini's Six Principles of Persuasion
Just a quick summary of Robert Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion that I put together for my own reference.
Reciprocation – I’m obligated to give back to you what you first give to me. Try to be as helpful as possible, and pay keen attention to what the needs of who you are trying to persuade are.
Scarcity – People want more of what they can get less of. Show why your product or service is unique and scarce and people will want it.
Commitment and Consistency – Get people to write things down or get them to make a small contribution or commitment first (aka the foot in the door technique).
Authority – Build legitimacy and seem like an expert on the topic at hand. This can mean past experience, credentials or perceived knowledge. Try to establish this early in the persuasion process to keep people listening to you.
Consensus – People tend to be followers. Use testimonials, the more similar to the people you are trying to persuade the better. Likewise with people who are seen as having expertise or authority.
Liking – Get people to like you and you are more likely to persuade them successfully.
Posted by Ted Chan at 8:08 PM 0 comments
Unique culinary experiences in the Cote d'Azur
Since we head for Cote d’Azur next week and will be covering from Saint-Tropez to Monte Carlo, I made a list of some of the more unique culinary enticements along the way. I figured there was no downside to sharing this publicly for anyone who might be head to the Cote d’Azur and researching their trip. These are a couple of things I compiled from the book “A Taste of Provence” by Francie Jouanin.
Roquebrune-Sur-Argens / Robert Bedot Master Cheesemaker
Robert Bedot is a master cheesemaker in the town Roquebrune-Sur-Argens. Especially recommended are the freerange goats. Their cheese varies from time of year as the different herbs of Provence mature. The aromas of the cheese take on the seasonal fresh herbs that the goats eat.
Iles de Lerins
A small island that requires a short boat ride (about 30 minutes) from Cannes Harbor. There is a beautiful fortified abbey where monks make some unique wines. Their white is 50% Clairette, 25% Ugni Blanc and 25% chardonnay. They also make a red consisting of 90% Syrah and 10% Mourvedre. They also make a traditional Lerina liqueur that is over 100 years old made from 44 plants, most of which they grow themselves or grow wild on the island. They also make a number of other highly distinct and unique liqueurs that sound amazing – Vervain, mandarin orange, and then a herb one (thyme, summer savory, orange blossom and other secret flowers). Sounds like a super unique out of the way trip to make.
Confectioner Florian in Pont-Du-Loup
A confectioner that specializes in making special candies made of violets, jasmine, citrust fruit and roses. They also make violet jellies and candied fruits.
Foods to definitely try:
Sacco: Chickpea and olive oil flatbread that is quite common in Nice. Recommended with a glass of chilled Rose.
Poutine: Tiny fried or poached fish, usually sardines or shad or young sprat. Srved with oilive oil and lemon juice.
Candied fruits: Nice (and Provence as a whole) is known for its candied fruits. It is suggested starting with the most mild flavored ones (apricots, plums, strawberries and fix, then to more intense tropical fruits such as kiwi, pineapple and melon and finishing with the most flavorful, clemintines, oranges and kumquats. Especially recommended by this the Taste of Provence book is the Confectioner Auer which is a 5th generation family business opened in 1820. The book recommends a toasted almond covered in chocolate tossed in powdered cocoa. There’s another one called the marron glace which I would love to try because I love chestnuts.
Porcheta: Stuffed, sliced suckling pig. Sounds like heaven for a Chinaman.
Pissaladiere: Anchovy tart that is native to Nice.
Ugni blanc: Varietal of regional white wine grape.
Other probably more obvious items on the list: Ratatouille nicoise, nicoise salade, different varietals of lemons from Menton, stuffed zucchini blossoms
I'll report back with thoughts during our trip.
The loss of a leader and a pioneer, Alex d'Arbeloff
Alex d'Arbeloff, an amazing entrepreneur who did it all passed away yesterday at the age of 80. He will definitely be missed as part of the Boston community. This summary of his accomplishments was sent to all members of the MIT community on July 9, 2008:
Alexander Vladimir d'Arbeloff '49, a visionary entrepreneur who
co-founded Boston-based high-tech company Teradyne before becoming the
eighth chairman of the MIT Corporation, died peacefully on Tuesday,
July 8. He was 80.
As chairman of the MIT Corporation, d'Arbeloff provided crucial
leadership for the Calculated Risks, Creative Revolutions fundraising
campaign, which had a transformative effect on Institute--from the
physical campus to its research agenda. The campaign ushered in
cutting-edge facilities such as the Al and Barrie Zesiger Sports and
Fitness Center and the Ray and Maria Stata Center and also sparked a
new emphasis on the intersection between the life sciences and
engineering at MIT.
With his wife, Brit SM '61, d'Arbeloff created the Fund for Excellence
in MIT Education to support teaching innovations in science and
engineering. The pair also supported a professorship in the MIT
Department of Mechanical Engineering and established the d'Arbeloff
Lab in the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
"All of us privileged to know Alex are deeply saddened by his loss,"
said MIT President Susan Hockfield. "MIT has lost an extraordinary
friend who paired his passionate devotion to the Institute with a
brilliantly dispassionate, clear-eyed view of how it could grow even
stronger. Through the d'Arbeloff Fund for Excellence in MIT Education,
among many other gifts, Alex and Brit tapped a deep vein of creativity
that has transformed MIT. We will sorely miss his warmth, charm, humor
and remarkable gift for framing complex problems and inspiring
visionary solutions."
D'Arbeloff was born in 1927 in Paris to parents who had fled the
Russian Revolution a decade earlier, and his family led a nomadic
existence during his adolescence. As the clouds of war gathered in
Europe, the d'Arbeloffs moved to South America in 1936, to New York
two years later and to Los Angeles the following year, before
returning to New York in 1940.
After graduating from MIT with a bachelor's in management, d'Arbeloff
found that his can-do attitude didn't always sit well with
superiors. In later years he was proud to note that he was fired from
three jobs during a 10-year period, and that while serving in the
U.S. Army reserves, his commanding officer berated him for having
"antagonized every officer" at their post.
"I didn't feel I had," d'Arbeloff told an interviewer in 1997,
recalling the episode. "I didn't do it on purpose. I just wanted to do
more than they were willing to do."
In 1960, d'Arbeloff co-founded Teradyne Inc. with Nick DeWolf--a
former MIT classmate whom he had met when they had to line up
alphabetically during an ROTC class. During his tenure as president
and CEO of Teradyne, which manufactures automatic test equipment and
interconnection systems for the electronics and telecommunications
industries, the company's annual sales rose from $13 million to more
than $1 billion.
In 1997, he was named chairman of the MIT Corporation, having served
as a member since 1989. At the time, he said he was aware of the
differences between academia and the business world but preferred to
focus on the common ground they shared.
"You begin, in both cases, with talented people. Then you have to
develop an effective organization and instill a sense of mission. You
have to strive to win. And, ultimately, you have to provide something
of value to society," he said.
"MIT is a great institution, with great impact on the nation and the
world. I am truly honored to have been given this opportunity to serve
as MIT's chairman and to contribute to an institution of this level of
excellence, this magnitude, and one that has such an impact on
society."
D'Arbeloff became honorary chairman of the Corporation after stepping
down as chairman in 2003. As a professor of the practice, he taught at
the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Department of Mechanical
Engineering. D'Arbeloff also served on the board of the Whitehead
Institute for Biomedical Research.
Friends and colleagues recalled him as a dynamic personality who
constantly strove for improvement and challenged the ways in which
things are done. MIT President Emeritus Charles M. Vest said
d'Arbeloff possessed "one of the most active minds" he had ever seen.
"As chairman of the MIT Corporation, Alex properly and productively
challenged the ways in which academia functions. His rethinking of
MIT's budgeting processes was invaluable," Vest said. "He radiated
energy, loved to challenge ideas, and was as at home in a classroom as
in his board room. He left a great legacy in Boston and MIT."
D'Arbeloff was the recipient of a lifetime achievement award from the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a fellow of
the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and a director of the Isabella
Stewart Gardner Museum. He also served on the boards of several
corporations and on the board of the Whitehead Institute, which he
chaired from 2004 to 2006.
He is survived by his wife, Brit; daughters, Katherine and Alexandra;
sons, Eric and Matthew; and six grandchildren.
Developmental entrepreneurship at its best...
Too remarkable a story not to post. My girlfriend Vickie introduced me to this organization a few years ago and I thought it was pretty neat. But to see some an example of this type of impact is really neat.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/03/opinion/03kristof.html?ex=1372737600&en=17eefa72e2388b12&ei=5124&partner=facebook&exprod=facebook
Real World Stories from the Creative Economy: Dani...
MIT helping its community reduce dependence on dri...
Smoking/naked light is prohibited within the petro...
The loss of a leader and a pioneer, Alex d'Arbelof...
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Paul & Sue Hazelden
- Alan Hazelden -
Something we tend to take for granted is the fact that Alan is really quite bright when it comes to mathematics. Take, for example, this quote from his school newsletter in May 2003.
Alan Hazelden (Year 11) and Isaac Kim (Year 10) took part in the IMOK 'Kangaroo', an Olympiad paper following on from the Intermediate Maths Challenge. Alan scored 100 and Isaac 62 (out of 135). The mean mark in the country was 67. Alan's score placed him in the top 25%, an outstanding achievement. Well done to both students for a very creditable performance.
Alan also undertakes programming contracts and helps run a web site devoted to Zelda, a popular series of computer games.
When Alan returned from his first term at Warwick, a letter was waiting for him which invited him to a reception with the Lord Mayor of Bristol. It was very short notice, and he didn't go. But a few days later, another envelope arrived with a certificate for 'personal qualities, determination and outstanding achievement' - and some gift vouchers to the value of £100.
The Bristol Evening Post web site ran the following story:
YOUNGSTERS PRAISED FOR LEARNING SUCCESSES
11:00 - 05 December 2005
Prizes will be handed out to young people from Bristol who have had exceptional educational achievements. The Lord Mayor, Peter Abraham, was due to commend the youngsters today in what will be the first ever Lord Mayor's Bristol campus achievement awards.
Supported by the Learning and Skills Council (LSC), the awards ceremony was due to be held at the Mansion House at Clifton Down, where the winners will be announced.
The six awards have been divided into two categories: 14 to 16-year-olds and post-16. There will also be one overall winner who will receive a special Learner of the Year award.
All schools, colleges and work-based learning providers in Bristol were asked to nominate students for the awards and a total of 37 nominations were received.
LSC West of England chairman John Savage said: "There are numerous success stories throughout Bristol where young people have had excellent achievements. We want to raise the profile of these dedicated individuals, who have made such outstanding progress.
"We would like to congratulate all the winners and nominees for all their hard work."
Malcolm Gillespie, LSC South-West director, said: "The LSC has a single goal - to improve the skills of England's young people and adults to world-class standards.
"These awards will not just recognise a high level of achievement, but will also celebrate the effort and commitment that these young people have shown."
[This article was taken from the This Is Bristol web site.]
Paul's Health
Sue's Health
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Complete file list
Copyright © 2003-2005 Paul Hazelden
http://hazelden.org.uk/l3_alan.htm was last updated 2 May 2008
Page content last modified: 9 December 2005
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Xwing Wants to Come to Your House
By Alice Maggio
The Third Coast, Excerpt 10
When You Gotta Buy, Buy Local
This wasn't just another night at the theater.
The guests were called to the performance by the sounds of a hurdy-gurdy. Everyone grabbed their food and drinks, gathered in the theater and found seats near the stage. Only the theater was a living room in an apartment on Chicago's Northwest Side, and the stage was really the living room couch.
We were about to see a preview of a new salon series from local performance group Xwing, and nobody knew quite what to expect. But that might be just the way Xwing prefers it.
Xwing got its name from its beginnings as the Experimental wing of the now-defunct Chicago-based European Repertory Company. According to the company's biography, Xwing was established to facilitate "experimental performances and work associated with the early avant-garde." The group was founded in 2004 by Nicholas Lowe, who was then a visiting professor in the Master of Arts in Arts Administration program at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Lowe was already an established visual artist with extensive experience teaching the arts, exhibiting work and working in arts project management in Europe before he came to Chicago in 2003.
Through the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, Lowe gained critical attention for his photographic work concerning subjects affected by HIV and AIDS. But even in his work as a visual artist, Lowe has always been engaged with elements of performance.
In a recent email interview, Lowe explained, "I have always worked with performance, and from the mid-1990s onwards started developing a series of works that were intended to facilitate dialogue and discussion around HIV and AIDS. Aside from the images I made with people, possibly the most interesting things for me about the photographic work with people affected by HIV and AIDS were the discussions and recollections, the storytelling that went on around the photography."
Xwing member Carolyn Hoerderman was a graduate student at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago when she remembers meeting Lowe when he came to teach at the school in 2003. "I met Nick while giving him his first tour of the School of the Art Institute," she recalled. "I was working on my Masters in Art Education as well as working in the administration office [where] Nick's office would be. We used to talk in his office because he had the most interesting books about food and opera and theory and...I couldn't stop going into his office!"
Hoerderman had been involved with the European Repertory Company for 12 years, and she introduced Lowe to Kirk Anderson, then the artistic director of the ERC. Lowe says Xwing was formed when the three of them "realized we had common interests in creating performances from early avant-garde texts."
"I was so excited to bring Nick into the mix," Hoerderman exclaimed. "And I am so pleased that we can continue to work [as Xwing] now that the ERC is no longer producing."
The other members of Xwing include Kathryn Daniels, Dan Findley, Rachel Frizzi and Bryan Gallardo. Findley, Frizzi and Gallardo met while they were students at the University of Illinois at Chicago, where they had performed together. Frizzi also did some work as a costume designer and stage manager for the European Repertory Company, where she remembers meeting Carolyn Hoerderman. Frizzi explained Xwing's origins by saying, "We had all expressed a desire to work together because of our shared love of the strange and different. It wasn't until Nick arrived with his puppets that we truly became as strange as we had hoped."
Yes, puppets have played an integral role in Xwing's work from the very start. "I like the immediacy of puppets," Lowe said. "Puppetry is a theatre form that relies on emotions. It is visual and optical, but it is read and perceived through emotional responses. It only works because the audience is willing to accept the animation of lifeless objects as standing in for real things."
The group's first performance, which took place at Links Hall in December 2004, included elaborate, handcrafted puppets and masks. Entitled A Manifest Imposture, the work was an original adaptation of a text written by Alfred Jarry, the avant-garde French writer who was active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Jarry was a major influence on the mid-20th century playwrights of the so-called Theatre of the Absurd, which included writers such as Samuel Beckett and Jean Genet. But Jarry is also a particular favorite of the members of Xwing.
In October 2005, Xwing participated in "Master Nowhere's Lost Carnival," a one-of-a-kind event that was produced by Chicago's House of Payne art collective, which includes Xwing member Dan Findley. The ambitious event evoked a turn-of-the-20th-century traveling carnival, complete with freak show, gaming alley, wandering performers and main stage events.
The following month Xwing took part in Links Hall's experimental "Drive By" season with Parking Lot, a unique collection of performances that took place in cars parked in a parking lot near Links Hall.
But, not to be outdone, for their Spring 2007 season the members of Xwing have developed a series of short plays, including drama and puppetry, to be performed in private homes. They call it their "Calling Card Theatre" series, and they want to bring the theatre to you.
"The salon series aims to be what the salons of the 17th and 18th centuries were, but without the lead-based face powder and bourgeois attitude," Frizzi said. "We wish to gather interesting people together in the home of an enthusiastic host and expose them to a stimulating night of theater that is unique to that night alone. It's a night of amusement and surprise, and hopefully we can open some eyes and drop some jaws."
"It's edgy and intended to be exciting and engaging. Performances are private, and they can be for as many or as few people as the host desires. There is a price per performance that is negotiable but reasonable -- details can be requested," Lowe explained. (See the end of this article to find out how to contact Xwing.)
The host gets to choose two or three works from a "menu" of plays listed on the group's website. The offerings include two works by the 19th century French writer Rachilde. Her writings are characterized by their unflinching exploration of sexual politics, and frequent themes include androgyny and gender inversion. The Transparent Doll takes place in the host's living room, while Pleasure is performed at the dining room table. The menu also includes works by Alfred Jarry, Samuel Beckett and a traditional Punch and Judy puppet show.
Nicholas Lowe has been performing Punch and Judy since he was about 16 years old, but he said, "[I] had never been able to find a way to integrate this with the more mainstream art aspects of my work."
Perhaps, until now.
All the Punch and Judy puppets are handcrafted from wood and cloth by Lowe. According to Lowe, it takes him about 4-5 days to carve one puppet head, plus an additional day or two to paint and costume the puppet. Most of the puppets are carved from lime wood, chosen for its toughness, since the puppets must endure serious beatings (literally) during the play. Regardless, Lowe says, "I bet after every show there is at least one repair. I do paint touch-ups all the time."
The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Punch and Judy is a contemporary interpretation of the early 19th century English texts and performed in a puppet theatre designed and built by Xwing. It is raucous, bawdy and a favorite of both the performers and the audience.
"In Punch I like the raw humor," said Lowe. "It's honest and it's about real lives and family trauma, but it's presented in such a way as to allow an audience to understand the inevitability and frailty of human life without being too serious."
Frizzi is one of the puppeteers. "I love Punch and Judy," she admitted. "It's chaotic and fast-paced and we always end up breaking a sweat after we're through, and I think that's a good thing."
One major way in which Xwing updated the Punch and Judy play is in the group's fresh interpretation of the traditional bottler role. Hoerderman plays a Brooklyn graduate student presenting her oral examination to an imaginary panel of professors. It's a great foil which allows Hoerderman to perform the traditional role of "translating" Punch's speech and narrating the puppet play while also allowing her to share some history and background of the Punch and Judy theatre.
Alfred Jarry is quoted as stating, "To keep up even a worthwhile tradition means vitiating the idea behind it, which must necessarily be in a constant state of evolution. It is mad to try to express new feelings in a 'mummified' form." Xwing takes this principle to heart by bringing audiences fresh interpretations of older texts and traditions such as the Punch and Judy theatre. Frizzi echoed this sentiment, saying, "I love working with Xwing because everything is fluid. We develop shows in a way that allows them to change and evolve over time. Nothing we do is set in stone."
I think Jarry would approve.
For more information about Xwing or the "Calling Card Theatre" series, you may visit nicholaslowe.co.uk or email Nicholas Lowe at nlowe1[at]saic.edu.
Alice Maggio is assistant editor of Gapers Block and its resident librarian. She manages the Gapers Block Book Club and in her scant free time writes at That Rabbit Girl.
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Navy Ceremonial Honor Guard
Choice Duty
By Andre Kessler
Tour navigation: Previous | Tour Info | Next Close
"I was the only Jew."
"Three or four days before I was ready to graduate from basic training, an officer and our company commander, who was a chief petty officer, came walking through the barracks, and they said, 'Everybody six foot and over stand in front of your bunks.' I stood in front of my bunk and this officer came down and he asked me, 'How tall are you son?' At that time I was 6’3’’ or 6’4.’’ He says, 'How would you like to go to Washington, D.C., and be part of the Navy ceremonial honor guard?' And I asked him what that was. He told me that I would go to Washington and march in parades, go out to Arlington during funerals for military personnel. I told him that I had orders to go to hospital corps school. He says, 'I promise you, this is considered choice duty. You can only stay 13 months in Washington, and when your 13 months are up you can go back and become a hospital corpsman.' I said, 'Okay, that sounds like a good deal...' I went down to D.C. and was with the Navy ceremonial honor guard. There were 84 men; I was the only Jew."
Andre Kessler in the U.S. Navy Ceremonial Honor Guard: Kessler was chosen to serve in the U.S. Navy Ceremonial Honor Guard in Washington, D.C. because he was over six feet tall, ca 1958-1959. “I was the only Jew out of 82 men in the Ceremonial Honor Guard. It was a lily white operation.” ~ Source: Andre Kessler ~ Creator: U.S. Navy ~ Date: ca 1958-1959
Andre Kessler, “Navy Ceremonial Honor Guard,” Georgia Journeys, accessed July 18, 2019, http://georgiajourneys.kennesaw.edu/items/show/43.
Andre Kessler
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Newsletter #211, March 2016
Office Bearer Changes
We learned at the meeting that our Treasurer Liz Catt would be retiring. Liz continues to be treated for a serious illness, her husband Gordon is also unwell, therefore Liz said she wished to leave that position. Liz has been Treasurer since August 2008, nearly eight years. She has kept the financial records with meticulous care throughout that time, and has reported the condition of our finances regularly to Committee and General Meetings. Liz has helped organise and conduct fund raisers each year, also, she has organised activities for the enjoyment of members at our end of year Christmas meeting. We thank Liz for her constant contribution to the Historical Society and wish her well in the years ahead.
When President Vern asked the members if anyone would be willing to take the position of Treasurer, we were very pleased when Rosemary Hutchinson volunteered. Many thanks Rosemary for accepting this important position in the Society.
Guest Speaker – Stuart Longley
Guest Speaker at our February meeting was Stuart Longley of Inverloch. Stuart’s wooden boat was on display at the recent Inverloch Classic Wooden Boat Regatta. The boat known as the “Old 1870” was originally built in the 1800’s and launched for the first time at Hobart in 1870. It was one of the first commercial vessels in Australia and was used as a river taxi between Bellerive and Hobart. It was rowed by six convicts back and forth across the Derwent River.
Stuart said that the boat was built of Huon Pine and that it had a sister boat “Admiral” which was built in 1865. This boat was larger than the 24 feet long Old 1870. Admiral was rowed by eight convicts.
Both Admiral and Old 1870 are almost 150 years old which he said was quite a feat as most timber boats last 50 years To have a boat almost 150 years old was quite remarkable.
The boat was discovered by Stuart and his wife at Metung on the Gippsland Lakes while on a holiday.
His wife saw the “Boat for Sale” sign in a Shop window. He followed it up and found the boat, it had been modified and neglected over the past 30 years.
Image: Preparing to launch ‘Old 1870’ in Anderson Inlet
Stuart made an offer for the boat which was accepted. He has now had the boat for 18 months.
When the boat arrived home Stuart said that it looked very large, especially out of the water. He also had to modify a trailer to accommodate the boat. He then began the big task of restoring the vessel to its original form The propeller was completely encased in clams, mussels and seaweed, and the paint had deteriorated. The Holden 161 engine needed a lot of tender loving care. Stuart himself restored the engine and a picture of the engine looked impressive when he had finished working on it, compared with an earlier picture taken before he started. He spent the next eight months on his back removing the anti fouling material and the paintwork. He burnt out seven Orbital Sanders along the way. Once the outside restoration was completed, Stuart worked on the inside, putting in new bearers and supports and cleaning away the grime from the floor.
Stuart agreed to a request from Andrew Chapman to use Old 1870 as the Flagship for the forthcoming Regatta. At this point, Stuart acknowledged the very valuable assistance he had from Leo Lebransky and David Brewster to restore the boat.
Stuart mentioned that the restoration took 18 months and many coats of paint were needed to have the best effect.
Images: Stuart Longley. Lunawarra on the Inlet
Other details about the restoration Stuart told us were: He used all native timber for the flooring including Tasmanian Oak.
He also used blue gum because it is very durable.
The vessel has been renamed the Lunawarra which is an Aboriginal name for “Quiet Water”.
Following a large number of questions, Stuart was thanked by Shirley Burchett and a presentation made in appreciation of Stuart’s very interesting talk today.
Inverloch Gun Club
Can You Help? Daryl Cameron spoke at the meeting regarding the lack of historical detail known about the Gun Club from the late 1940’s when it faded out due to the War effort, and the club restarting again in the late 1950,s Daryl is keen to receive any information about the Gun Club anyone can supply about that grey area in the club’s history.
It is believed that the Gun Club was formed in October 1896 behind the race track which was South of the Tarwin Rd. and on the eastern side of Cuttriss Street. The Club as it is known today, restarted in the late 1950, at the Wilkinsons in Wonthaggi.
Membership cost was one fox skin. Clay traps came from Lunawarra on the Inlet the 1956 Olympics. The gun club remained at the Wilkinsons until it found a new home at Inverloch at the Wetheralls. It then moved to the McGarvey property where it became incorporated in 1988 as the Inverloch Sporting Shooters and Clay Target Club. It stayed there until the property was sold in 1996. It then moved to its current location in Howards lane in 1996 on the property of Jeff Wallis. Jeff no longer owns the property and the Club has been told to have the premises vacated by October 2016, the 120th year of the Club which at the moment has 200 members.
If you have any information which would be of assistance towards Daryl’s research he can be contacted on 0427 643 350 or his email address daryl.cameron@bigpond.com.
(Editor: Ian Mc Burnie)
Previous: Newsletter #210, February 2016
Next: Newsletter #212, April 2016
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AmerisourceBergen Announces Date and Time for Earnings Release, Conference Call and Webcast
VALLEY FORGE, Pa.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jan. 5, 2004--AmerisourceBergen Corporation (NYSE:ABC) today announced that it plans to release its First Quarter results for Fiscal Year 2004 on Monday, January 26, 2004 prior to the opening of trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The Company will host a conference call to discuss the results at 11:00 am Eastern Standard Time on January 26, 2004.
Michael D. DiCandilo, Senior Vice President & Chief Financial
The dial-in numbers for the live call will be as follows:
888-428-4479 within the United States. No access code
651-291-5254 from outside the United States. No access code
In order to ensure the widest distribution possible, the Company will be broadcasting the conference call over the Internet. The call will be accessible through the Investor Relations page of AmerisourceBergen's web site, www.amerisourcebergen.com. Users are encouraged to log on to the webcast approximately 15 minutes in advance of the scheduled start time of the call.
Following the live call, replays will be made available on the Internet and via telephone. A replay of the webcast will be posted on www.amerisourcebergen.com approximately two hours after the completion of the call and will remain available for thirty days. To access the telephone replay from within the US, dial 800-475-6701. From outside the US, dial 320-365-3844. The access code is 716110. The telephone replay will be available from 3:00 p.m. EST on January 26, 2004 to 11:59 p.m. on February 2, 2004.
AmerisourceBergen (NYSE:ABC) is the largest pharmaceutical services company in the United States dedicated solely to the pharmaceutical supply chain. It is the leading distributor of pharmaceutical products and services to the hospital market, physician's offices, alternate care and mail order facilities, and independent and chain pharmacies. The Company is also a leader in the long term care pharmacy marketplace, the workers' compensation fulfillment business and contract packaging for manufacturers. With more than $45 billion in annualized operating revenue, AmerisourceBergen is headquartered in Valley Forge, PA, and employs more than 14,000 people. AmerisourceBergen is ranked #24 on the Fortune 500 list and was ranked #6 in the 2003 Business Week 50, a list of the 50 best performing companies in the S & P 500. For more information, go to www.amerisourcebergen.com.
This news release may contain certain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Actual results may vary materially from the expectations contained in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include statements addressing future financial and operating results of AmerisourceBergen and the benefits and other aspects of the 2001 merger between AmeriSource Health Corporation and Bergen Brunswig Corporation.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in any forward-looking statements: competitive pressures; the loss of one or more key customer relationships; customer insolvencies; changes in customer mix; changes in pharmaceutical manufacturers' pricing and distribution policies; regulatory changes; changes in U.S. government policies; failure to integrate the businesses of AmeriSource and Bergen Brunswig successfully; failure to obtain and retain expected synergies from the merger of AmeriSource and Bergen Brunswig; and other economic, business, competitive, regulatory and/or operational factors affecting the business of AmerisourceBergen generally.
More detailed information about these factors is set forth in AmerisourceBergen's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2003.
CONTACT: AmerisourceBergen Corporation, Valley Forge
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Embassy of Armenia to Iraq
Structure & Contacts
Study in Armenia
Doing business in Armenia
Invest in Armenia
Nagorno Karabagh
Genocide recognition
25th Anniversary of Sumgait Massacres of the Armenian Population
Free consular services
Consular registration
Special residency status
Return certificate to RA
Advice for travelers
Consular fees
Armenian Community
Hayastan All Armenian Fund
Today, 26 state universities/4 of which internationally managed/, and 33 non-state (licensed) higher education institutions are functioning in the Republic of Armenia.
Higher education is provided by many types of institutions: universities, institutes, academies and a conservatory.
Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Microbiology, Ingineering, Medicine, Information Technologies, Armenian studies … are the widespread spheres in the scientific and educational system of Armenia.
For more information about higher education in Armenia can be obtained from the websites of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Armenia: www.edu.am, http://studyinarmenia.org/, http://amhe.am/, as well as sites of higher education institutions.
Yerevan State University
Departments: History, Armenian Philology, Chemistry, Physics, Economics, Mathematics and Mechanics, Biology, Geography and Geology, Law, Russian Philology, Oriental Studies, Journalism, Philosophy and Psychology, Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Radio physics, Sociology, Romano-Germanic Languages, International Relations, Theology.
Languages of study: Armenian.
Website: www.ysu.am
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
Founded in 1930, on the basis of medical faculty of the Yerevan State University, which functioned from 1922.
Departments: General Medicine, Public Health, Stomatology, Pharmacy, Military Medicine, Postgraduate and Continuing Education.
Languages of study: Armenian, Russian, English.
Website: www.ysmu.am
State Engineering University of Armenia
The legal successor of Yerevan Polytechnic Institute founded in 1933.
Departments: Chemical Technologies and Environmental Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Machine Building, Mining and Metallurgy, Cybernetics, Power Engineering, Radio Engineering and Communication Systems, Computer Systems and Informatics, Transportation Systems, Applied Mathematics, Mechanics and Machine Study, Correspondence Education.
Website: www.seua.am
Yerevan State Linguistic University after Valeri Brusov
Departments: Foreign Languages (English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Greek, Persian); Russian Language, Literature and Foreign Languages (English, Spanish, German, French); Linguistics and Intercultural Communication.
Website: www.brusov.am
Yerevan State University of Economy
Founded in 1975. The foundation sources arise since 1930, from Cooperative-Economics Institute, then as Department of Economics of Yerevan State University for more than four decades.
Departments: Management, Regulation of Economy and International Economic Relations, Finance, Marketing and Business Organization, Computer Science and Statistics, Accounting and Auditing.
Website: www.asue.am
Armenian-Russian (Slavonic) State University
Founded in 1997. The University was established on the basis of the "Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Armenia and the Government of the Russian Federation on the conditions of establishment and operation in Yerevan Armenian-Russian University", which was signed on August 29, 1997.
Departments: Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Economics, Foreign Languages, Law, Medicine&Biology, Social&Political Science, Philology, Engineering&Technology, Tourism&Publicity.
Language of study: Russian.
Website: www.rau.am
French University in Armenia
Founded in2003 in the framework of Agreement on cultural, scientific and technical collaboration signed in 1995 between the Governments of Armenia and France.
Departments: Law, Management, Marketing
Languages of study: Armenian, French.
Website: ufar.am
American University of Armenia
Founded in1991. The University became a reality thanks to the steadfast support of the Armenian and United States governments and two major institutions in the United States: the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) and the University of California (UC).
Departments: business administration, industrial engineering and systems management, computer and information science, Economy, public health, teaching English as a foreign language, law, Business and Management, Political Science and International Affairs.
Business and Economics, Humanities and Social Science, Science and Engineering, Public Health, Business, English and Communications, Computational Sciences, Computer and Information Science, Economy, Programs, Law, Political Science and International Affairs.
Language of study: English.
Website: www.aua.am
European Regional Educational Academy
Departments: Information Technologies, Economy and Management, International Relations, Law, Tourism, Linguistics, Public Health Management.
Languages of study: Armenian, English.
Website: www.eriicta.am
MFA RA
official website Dual
citizenship Electronic
Baghdad, International Zone
House 5, Street 11, Section 215
Tel.: +964 78 08 30 64 24
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MAYANS M.C. Revs Up For a Second Season on FX
by mikethemovieguy · October 3, 2018
#1 New Cable Series of 2018 in Adults 18-49, Adults 25-54 and All Key Male Demos
8.2 Million Average Viewers Per Episode Across All Linear and Non-Linear Platforms
Co-Created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James
Produced by Fox 21 Television Studios and FX Productions
LOS ANGELES, October 3, 2018 – Mayans M.C., the hit biker drama created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James, has been renewed for a second season on FX, it was announced today by Nick Grad and Eric Schrier, Presidents of Original Programming for FX Networks and FX Productions. The second season will premiere on FX in 2019.
“Mayans M.C. is performing fantastically, proving to be a breakout first season,” said Grad. “The series premiered as the highest rated cable series this year and continues to sustain a committed fan base, reflecting the talent and drive of creators Kurt Sutter and Elgin James. We couldn’t be more excited to take this ride to a second season.”
“The Mayans M.C. mythology sprung from the womb of Sons of Anarchy, but anyone who has taken the time to watch, knows it has become its own mythical creature,” said Sutter.
Added James, “It still feels like a dream that Kurt took a shot on me, and that every day I get to learn from him and work with our brilliant writers, cast and crew who pour their hearts, blood and sweat into bringing Mayans M.C. to life. I’m also grateful to FX, Fox 21 and FXP for their support and faith in me. I’m excited for the fans’ response to the rest of this season and I can’t wait to get back in the writers room and get to work on season two.”
Mayans M.C. is the #1 new series on cable in 2018 in Adults 18-49, Adults 25-54 and all key male demos. Through the first three episodes, Mayans M.C. is the most-watched program in primetime on Tuesdays, including broadcast, in Men 18-49 and Men 18-34 in Live+7. In all, the series is averaging 8.2 million viewers per episode across all linear and non-linear platforms.
Set in a post-Jax Teller world, Ezekiel “EZ” Reyes (JD Pardo) is fresh out of prison and a prospect in the Mayans M.C. charter on the Cali/Mexi border. Now, EZ must carve out his new identity in a town where he was once the golden boy with the American Dream in his grasp. The series also stars Clayton Cardenas, Edward James Olmos, Sarah Bolger, Michael Irby, Carla Baratta, Antonio Jaramillo, Raoul Max Trujillo, Richard Cabral, and Danny Pino. Recurring stars include Emilio Rivera, Frankie Loyal, Joseph Lucero, Vincent Rocco Vargas, Maurice Compte, Gino Vento, Tony Plana and Ada Maris.
Mayans M.C. was co-created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James. The 10-episode first season is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios and FX Productions.
Follow Mayans M.C. on:
Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/MayansFX/
Twitter – https://twitter.com/mayansfx
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/mayansfx/
About FX
FX is the flagship general entertainment basic cable channel of FX Networks, a business unit of 21st Century Fox. Launched in June of 1994, FX is carried in 89 million homes. The diverse schedule features a growing roster of critically-acclaimed and award-winning hit dramas series including Taboo, Legion, Snowfall, Trust, Pose, Mayans M.C. and Mr Inbetween; the critically-acclaimed limited series American Horror Story, Fargo, American Crime Story, FEUD and the upcoming Devs, Untitled Fosse/Verdon series, and Shōgun; acclaimed hit comedy series including Atlanta, Baskets and Better Things, and the upcoming What We Do in the Shadows; and the upcoming docuseries The Weekly with The New York Times. FX is the former home of the critically-acclaimed and award-winning hit drama series The Shield, Nip/Tuck, Rescue Me, Damages, Sons of Anarchy, Justified and The Americans. The network’s library of acquired box-office hit movies is unmatched by any ad-supported television network.
About Fox 21 Television Studios:
Fox 21 Television Studios is a production unit housed within Fox Television Group devoted to making creatively ambitious scripted and unscripted series for all distribution platforms. Fox 21 Television Studios is responsible for the Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning sensation from Ryan Murphy, Nina Jacobson and Brad Simpson “The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story” (with FX Productions) as well as its follow-up “The Assassination of Gianni Versace;” the Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning “Homeland,” starring Claire Danes and Mandy Patinkin; the critically acclaimed “The Americans” (with FX Productions) starring Matthew Rhys and Keri Russell; the blockbuster “Sons of Anarchy” as well as its follow-up “Mayans M.C.” from co-creators Kurt Sutter and Elgin James; “Queen of the South,” executive produced by David T. Friendly; “Pose” from Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, Nina Jacobson, Brad Simpson, Alexis Martin Woodall and Sherry Marsh, with Steven Canals as co-executive producer, and Janet Mock, Our Lady J and Erica Kay as producers; and the Emmy-nominated “Genius: Einstein,” its follow-up “Genius: Picasso” and the upcoming installment “Genius: Mary Shelley.” Additional upcoming projects include “The Hot Zone” based on Richard Preston’s international best-seller, and the untitled ‘Fosse/Verdon’ limited series from Thomas Kail, Steven Levenson and Lin-Manuel Miranda. Fox 21 Television Studios shows have amassed a collective 95 Emmy nominations and 29 Emmy wins, as well as multiple Golden Globes, Humanitas Prizes and Peabody Awards.
Tags: entertainment newsFXMayans M.C.Sons of AnarchytelevisionTV
Official Trailer for Disney’s DUMBO!!
by mikethemovieguy · Published November 14, 2018 · Last modified December 4, 2018
Official Trailer for DISTORTED Starring Christina Ricci, John Cusack and Brendan Fletcher
by mikethemovieguy · Published May 2, 2018 · Last modified May 18, 2018
Next story CLOSED – GOOSEBUMPS 2: HAUNTED HALLOWEEN Advance Screening Giveaway
Previous story CLOSED – DEATH RACE: BEYOND ANARCHY DVD Giveaway
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Ray Harryhausen’s Restored Models Revealed on 99th Birthday
by Andy SmithPosted on July 11, 2019
Skeleton models from Jason and the Argonauts, 1963 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
Collection: The Ray and Diana Harryhausen Foundation (Charity No. SC001419)
© The Ray and Diana Harryhausen Foundation
Photography: Sam Drake (National Galleries of Scotland)
Ray Harryhausen, the father of the enormously influential style of stop-motion called “Dynamation,” will be honored at exhibition at Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art in 2020, his famous creature models escaping the archives and on display. The first glimpses of these restored figures were revealed to mark his 99th birthday. Harryhausen, who passed away in 2013, influenced stop-motion artists such as Henry Selick and Phil Tippett, as well as directors George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, and J.J. Abrams.
Medusa model from Clash of the Titans, c.1979 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013) animating Skeleton model (The 7th Voyage of Sinbad, 1958)
© The Ray and Diana Harryhausen Foundation (Charity No. SC001419)
Model of Skeleton from Jason and the Argonauts, c.1961 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013). Mounted on wooden base.
Simon Groom, director of Modern and Contemporary Art at the National Galleries of Scotland, commented on the upcoming exhibit: “It’s an amazing experience to watch being brought back to life some of the most famous mythical creatures from the history of cinema. We are thrilled to be working with Vanessa and The Ray and Diana Harryhausen Foundation on putting together the largest and most spectacular exhibition to date celebrating the life and work of Ray Harryhausen, titan of cinema.”
Find the The Ray and Diana Harryhausen Foundation on the web here. Photos taken by Sam Drake (National Galleries of Scotland).
Armature of Cyclops from ‘The 7th Voyage of Sinbad’, stripped of latex. On wooden base by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
Model of the Kraken from Clash of the Titans, c.1980 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
Model of Kali by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013) from The Golden Voyage of Sinbad, c.1973
Model Minaton from Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger, c.1975 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
Model Talos from Jason and the Argonauts, c.1962 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
Copy resin model Allosaurus from One Million Years B.C. c. 1965 by Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)
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The right to life
Russian military presence reported in latest UN report
Children killed in ongoing breach of ceasefire
Armed conflict in the East of Ukraine under the scope of compliance with human rights
Over 4, 300 people were killed between mid-April and Nov 18 in eastern Ukraine, with almost one thousand wounded. The UN Human Rights Office which has just published its seventh Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine says that 957 deaths have been recorded since the ‘ceasefire’ supposedly came into force [from Sept 6 to Nov 18] though it stresses that some of the 838 men and 119 women may have been killed earlier, with the deaths only recorded later.
According to Ukraine’s State Emergency Service, as of Nov 19 there were 466, 829 internally displaced people [IDP] as against 275, 489 on Sept 18. This figure almost certainly includes those forced to leave their homes in the Crimea.
The report finds serious human rights violations, and says that civilians are continuing to be killed, unlawfully detained, tortured and disappeared in eastern Ukraine.
According to the report: “The situation in the conflict-affected area is becoming increasingly entrenched, with the total breakdown of law and order and the emergence of parallel governance systems in the territories under the control of the [self-proclaimed] ‘Donetsk people’s republic’ and the [self-proclaimed] ‘Luhansk people’s republic’.”
“The continuing presence of a large amount of sophisticated weaponry, as well as foreign fighters that include servicemen from the Russian Federation, directly affects the human rights situation in the east of Ukraine”.
It notes that secret and illegal places of detention continue to be in operation, with individuals detained incommunicado and allegations of torture and ill-treatment. Thousands of individuals remain missing.
There were also worrying accounts of the conduct of prisoner exchange processes, including reports that individuals were actually deprived of their liberty for the purpose of the exchange, the report says.
The report notes that there is danger that the treatment of nearly 60 thousand HIV-positive and about 11, 600 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in all regions could be interrupted because tenders have not been completed to ensure that life-saving medicine is purchased. This could threaten the lives of more than 70 thousand patients and also lead to the uncontrolled spread of epidemics.
The report also focuses on increasing rights violations especially for vulnerable minority and indigenous groups, and most notably for the Crimean Tatars.
It does welcome certain ‘key laws’ passed by parliament, including legislation on IDPs [only signed on Nov 19!]; on corruption and reform of the Prosecutor’s Office.
The report can be found here:
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/OHCHR_seventh_reportUkraine20.11.14.pdf
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Taking innovations from the lab to the boardroom
Across the world, companies set up at university laboratories are making it big by commercializing breakthrough innovations. Korea, though, is lagging behind. Last year, Mobileye, a firm that develops vision-based advanced driver-assistance syste…
‘Our country could be stuck as an immature economy’
The income-led growth plan pushed by the Moon Jae-in government seems to be causing severe side effects. The number of unemployed has exceeded 1 million for eight consecutive months and the income gap is widening. An administration that champ…
The view of North Korea from bus No. 14
It was a dreamlike three days. Visiting Pyongyang as part of the special entourage for the third inter-Korean summit between South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un was an enormous honor. Members of the entourage had no…
Sept 29,2018
Retirees work to vindicate the wrongly convicted
Retirees across the country are forming cooperatives to pass on the knowledge they’ve acquired over a lifetime. These modest money-making enterprises, somewhere between a business and a charity, are formed voluntarily by people with a common socia…
Retiring justice says ideology has no place in the courtroom
Few justices have had such a monumental impact on Korean society and politics as those on the Constitutional Court in the last five years. They have ruled on issues ranging from the decriminalization of adultery, the dissolution of a political pa…
He spent 20 years restoring a 1,400-year-old pagoda
Stone pagodas forged out of granite by skilled masons of antiquity dot the Korean Peninsula, perhaps more so than anywhere else in the world. Few, however, can compare to the western stone pagoda at the site of the once magnificent Mireu…
Swords meet pens
Twelve cadets from the Korea Military Academy pose for a photo with executive editor Ryu Kwon-ha, center right, and editor in chief Anthony Spaeth, center left, after completing a one-day journalism course in the newsroom of the Korea JoongAng Daily …
Hong: North’s pursuit of nukes is ‘animal’ instinct
North Korea’s nuclear development program was based on Kim Il Sung’s “animal spirit” to find a way for the regime to survive at a tumultuous time, said Hong Seok-hyun, chairman of the Korea Peace Foundation and JoongAng Holdings, during a lecture on …
The ‘Leonardo da Vinci of robots’ on learning by failing
A three-legged robot, an air-powered hand and the world’s first car that can be driven by the blind. If there’s anything that Dennis Hong can’t create, he hasn’t conceived of it yet. The professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the U…
Ex-Statistics Korea head decries Blue House’s approach
Last month, President Moon Jae-in dismissed Statistics Korea Commissioner Hwang Soo-kyeong. The Blue House then appointed Kang Shin-wook, a senior researcher at the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, as her successor. Kang reported to the…
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Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In and Preparing Yourself for Success
This is the first in a series of articles I'm writing about women in business, the lessons of Lean In and, particularly, how you can help build your career and a healthier workplace. For women, the lessons will be immediately understandable and applicable. For men, this will explain a lot of the dynamics you see around you. For all, it's information on which you can immediately act. I look forward to your comments, thoughts and experiences.
It's been a year since I wrote about the ways that women actively undermine other women and how crucial it is that that behavior stops.
Based on Jodi Kantor's recent article in the New York Times, not only was she not listening, but the behavior is alive, well and thriving.
Interestingly, the target is the same as last year (Sheryl Sandberg, the COO of Facebook), and even though it's different people taking their shots, the tactics they use remain the same as well.
What makes this particularly heinous is the context of the attack. Ms. Sandberg has taken the message of her TEDTalk (which has netted over 2 million views) and turned it into a book, Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead. Moreover, she has simultaneously established the Lean In Foundation - giving women the tools and skills they need to take themselves and society - worldwide - to the next level at no fee to themselves.
Yes, that's right. She's making sure that women who aspire, have dreams and have been stymied by themselves, others and the system at large (basically, every woman) now will be given a world class curriculum of skills and support to help them fulfill themselves and achieve their dreams.
You'd think that women who have already achieved success would cheer Ms. Sandberg for her efforts. No. At least not in Ms. Kantor's and her crew's case. Instead, using incomplete information, inference and personal attack, they do their best to undermine Ms. Sandberg and what she's offering the world - even before either the book or Foundation launch.
So, since these are, unfortunately, too common (and, frankly, lazy) tactics, let's take a look at how Ms. Kantor did it in her article. That way, as you achieve your goals, you'll see the game as it's being perpetrated against you (which it will be), take the right actions (which in many cases is none) and, generally, feel sorry for the perpetrator. (We'll get to why in a bit.)
Tactic 1: Incomplete Information
Let's start with two facts:
At the time of this writing, neither the book nor the Foundation are live yet, and
Ms. Sandberg both founded and funded the Foundation.
So, when Ms. Kantor casts aspersions about what is being asked of the launch partner organizations - name brands like Sony, American Express, Johnson & Johnson and Google - she's offensive to the companies and their leaders by demeaning the letter and spirit of their participation.
Do Ms. Kantor's assertions have substantive merit? No. Are they a handy tactic? Yes. Because even before the launch has occurred, she's doing her best to make those organizations' leaders question their partnerships and the impact it will have on their brands.
The good news is: It won't work.
New organizations grow and evolve. As needs develop, they respond - at least the smart ones do. As time goes on, the involvement of the Foundation's partner organizations will also evolve based on ideas generated by the Lean In Circles, the partners, themselves, and the Foundation, at large.
So not only is this tactic substantively shortsighted (which the partner organizations' leaders know - if they're even paying attention to what Ms. Kantor wrote), but it's boring and lazy - because the only thing the perpetrators using this tactic are doing is replaying the old adage, "The best defense is a good offense."
You'd think they'd come up with something new - which they sort of do when combined with...
Tactic 2: Inference
Let's remember who we're talking about here. Sheryl Sandberg has a resume of public and private sector achievements that do one thing most clearly: they show that she is both successful in her own right and knows how to create success for others.
I apologize for the repetition but at this moment, the Foundation hasn't launched yet. So why is Ms. Kantor asking if anyone will come to the Lean In Circles - and if they do, will they get anything out of the experience and want to come back?
Worse, why is she using the pilot Circle participants as targets - just as she did the partner organizations?
The Circles are the heart of the Foundation. They're the outreach. They're where a progressive, structured curriculum of skills training and interpersonal support are delivered. They're treated as the learning environments they are - while designed for a generation that engages and connects in ways that older generations of women (like mine) either didn't or couldn't because we didn't have the opportunity.
Lean In Circles are not a coffee klatch, a 'consciousness raising' group or sitting around a campfire singing "Kumbaya." They're a commitment - by the Foundation to the women involved and by the women involved to themselves and their Circle members.
So, in direct answer to Ms. Kantor's question: Yes, women will come to the Circles and when they do, they'll learn and grow. Then grow more.
BTW, there was another aspect of this tactic that was at play in Ms. Kantor's playbook: If you can't take on your target directly - or you don't think you'll win if you do - get someone else to fight it for you. Cat fight, anyone? Yes, to read Ms. Kantor's article is to wait for any number of her cohorts to join in the fun of trying to make the success of Ms. Sandberg's book and Foundation - and, by extension, the women involved - failures before they even begin.
That's not only wrong, it's shameful, especially when tied to...
Tactic 3: Personal Attack
We already know that Ms. Kantor had no hesitation in attacking the partner organizations and the pilot Lean In Circle members. But she didn't stop there.
Ms. Sandberg is taking the women's movement to a new level for a new generation. What the trailblazers of the movement did for their time is what Ms. Sandberg is now doing for women in a world that has evolved to provide more opportunities - and obstacles - than ever before.
Why, then, does Ms. Kantor think we need to know about the size of Ms. Sandberg's home ("9000 square feet"), her education ("double Harvard degree"), her wealth ("a fortune worth hundreds of millions on paper"), her husband (CEO of SurveyMonkey) or her "army of household help"?
We don't. It has nothing to do with the message that Ms. Sandberg is bringing. But it's a handy - and, once again, lazy - way to undermine that message by making the messenger a less than trustworthy source.
That way, even before the Lean In Foundation has launched or the book has been released, the seed has been planted: Since you don't have what Ms. Sandberg has, what she's offering won't do you any good.
That's wrong - on so many different levels - which takes us to...
Why You Should Feel Sorry for Women Who Attack Other Women
In a word: they're scared.
They may be scared that they can't compete. They may not believe that their skills will get them where they want to go. They may be afraid to aspire. To dream. To be disappointed.
Ultimately, their reason doesn't matter - because it has nothing to do with you. It's all about them - and that's the most liberating thing of all.
You are free to aspire and to achieve. You can set your goals and go after them - not feeling the need to take others...and especially other women...down in the process. In fact, you'll share your success.
And to help you along the way, make sure you read the book and look into establishing or joining a Lean In Circle in your area. That way, not only will you have your own skills, but you'll have Sheryl Sandberg supporting you every step of the way.
A Titan's How-To on Breaking the Glass Ceiling (nyt)
Sheryl Sandberg: Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders (TED)
Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead (Sandberg)
Lean In Foundation
Women and Leadership: Sheryl Sandberg and the Facebook IPO (llk)
An earlier version of this article appeared on Technorati (llk)
Tagged: American Express, Facebook, Google, Johnson and Johnson, Lean In, Sheryl Sandberg, Sony, TED, Women, leadership
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Leaning In: When You're Asked...Say Yes
There's a story, dear readers, that I've wanted to tell for quite a while. Years, in fact - but to respect the people involved, I purposely let time go by. Well, enough of that. It's time to tell.
So sit back and join me while I tell you the true story of the woman who said, "No."
I had been approached by a friend who wanted to extend his business to include a new niche service opportunity he realized was just begging to be developed.
It was an intriguing idea and made a lot of sense for the population he wanted to serve. Most importantly, it had legs. It was one of those businesses that wouldn't be small for long - because while it would start within the niche he knew, the service was ubiquitous enough to cross industries.
An excellent idea all around...and he even had the "perfect" person in mind to lead it: a woman who worked for him that he was concerned was being underutilized and might leave unless offered a better opportunity.
So, he and I went to work designing the business, identifying all the options and opportunities..."doing the necessary" as he would say. (He's British). And all the time, he kept saying, "Kelly will love this! It's perfect for her!"
Now, on the one hand, having met Kelly, I could see why he was so excited about the prospect of her running the business. On the other, I continued to warn him that she might say, "No."
"How could she? This is the opportunity of a lifetime! She'll see it and go for it. I know her."
Well, dear readers, I knew her too - and I knew something that he wasn't willing to admit could be a factor in her decision-making: She was female. Moreover, she was relatively young (about 30), married and she, too, was British.
You're thinking: I get the female, young and married part. I've read Lean In. I know about how women put their gender, husband and existent or non-existent children ahead of their careers. But what's with the British bit?
That's a whole different problem - because, as I've been told too often by too many young, degreed, capable and smart British women, the job they most expect (because it's what's most often offered) is as a "PA or shop girl."
As a result, they've become used to expecting - and taking - the low road in their careers...no matter how qualified they are.
I told our business visionary this - but he remained convinced. Kelly would say, "Yes."
She didn't. She said, "No."
Not immediately, mind you. At the end of the meeting during which he presented all that he believed she could achieve, she thanked him for the opportunity and told him she'd like "a little bit of time to think about it."
That, I knew, was the death knell. It was just a matter of time before she gave the bad news.
It took a couple of weeks, but at the end of that time, she set up a meeting and started by saying that she greatly appreciated the offer and his faith in her. She also thought it was a wonderful idea and perfect for its time.
At that point, she very gently told him that she wasn't going to accept because:
She wasn't sure she would be able to fulfill his expectations and
She didn't want to disappoint him, so
It didn't matter that he believed her capable. She wasn't willing to try. She'd rather keep her current job.
What was that job? She was a PA.
There's a lesson here. In fact, there are a lot of them. But, for our purposes, it's this:
When you're asked to sit at the table, do it. Take your seat. Then show them why they made the right decision extending the invitation.
Kelly was an idiot. She let her fears drive her. Worse, because she was so used to - and comfortable with - being deferential to her "betters" (yes, she used that word, too), she killed her own opportunities. She took away her own future.
Big or small, when an opportunity presents itself, make sure you only have one answer ready: Yes.
It doesn't matter whether you believe you can do it or not. Suspend your disbelief. Whoever is asking knows what they're doing - otherwise they wouldn't have asked. After all, it's not like they're some kind of benevolent society willing to put their own reputation on the line.
They ask because they know you have something to offer. Something that will make them look good. They're not doing you any favors. It's all about them.
So, go ahead. Sit at the table. It's time. Your time.
Tagged: Lean In, Sheryl Sandberg, career, opportunity, women and girls
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Tourism nowadays has become an industry that is increasingly influencing the way in which cities are planned and especially the direction towards which they are developing. From the cities most popular among tourists in Europe such as Barcelona, Paris, Berlin and London, to small Asian communities, the idea of tourism as an economical catalyst is expanding. Alongside the positive effects, there are also side effects that leave their mark on sites, and contribute to their transformation and sometimes loss of identity. This article aims to present concepts of global tourism and gentrification, and to draw a parallel between them, highlighting a new type of tourism- ‘gentritourism’ and the subculture of visitors created by it. But first what is global tourism and why is it important for place development nowadays?
In order to start defining global tourism, the term needs to be divided into two known processes, tourism and globalization. Tourism is known as a commercial business, which gains its resources from the planning, promotion and sale of visits to places of interest for the mass public. It emerged in the ‘50s and has proven to be one of the fastest growing industries with impacts on economy, society, culture, art, land and the environment. Nowadays, the impact generated by tourism on the previously mentioned sectors, namely society, land and the environment, is mainly considered to be a negative one (Gunn, 1994).
The process of globalisation is seeing international influences more and more present in cities, creating a polemic between global and local [Image 1.]. Bull in 2013 in his book Cross-Cultural Urban Design, looked back to 1991 to quote Jameson: “A characteristic of the present time is that worldviews must come to terms with the increasing exaggeration of both the global and the local”. Jameson then defined the idea of ‘post-modern hyperspace’ as “that stretching of space and time to accommodate the multinational space of late capitalism” (Jameson, 1991). The concept of ‘hyperspace’ is relevant in this context, as it can be redefined through the process of global tourism. Global tourism is characterized as the phenomenon that enables international influences within the touristic attractions and creates “‘new users’ of the city: the footloose, international tourists, business travellers, entrepreneurs, innovators and investors who can take their consumption, interests, creativity or investments wherever they choose” (Sassen 1999 in Bull, 2013). What further characterizes the ‘new users’ of the city is their flexibility regarding travelling and relocating, which generates the idea that the process of globalization is high-speed and facilitated by tourism, contributing therefore to the constant change of the urban space.
1. “Global values”
The illustration refers to the phenomenon of global tourism and it represents an abstract perspective upon the topic. Its aim is to highlight a tendency of imitating cultures and values, therefore the illustration gathers multiple elements from around the globe, such as human agglomerations, buildings and advertisement clusters. It also aims to illustrate that local and authentic is becoming in most cases ordinary and not so interesting for the general audience. Source: Authors.
Over the last few decades, the industry of mass tourism has changed the way cities and communities behave and look worldwide, by processes such as city centre restructuring, ‘commodification’ of leisure activities (Judd, Fainstein, 1999) and gentrification. Gentrification is a socio-urban process which has been first described in the 1960s by sociologist Ruth Glass regarding the changes within the city of London. Over the time the term has been given various definitions and one of the most succinct is that gentrification refers to “the transformation of a working-class or vacant area of the central city into middle-class residential and/or commercial use” (Lees, Slater and Wyly, 2013). Even if the phenomenon of gentrification started within large cities, nowadays it has spread in numerous places and different contexts, following the process of urbanization and therefore “the result seems to be that even some Third World cities and First World suburban and rural areas are experiencing gentrification.” (Lees, Slater and Wyly, 2013). The major downside of the gentrification process is that the next step after ‘redesigning’ and changing the perspective on a district or a neighbourhood is the “booting out in forthcoming years as landlords transformed the artists’ studios into residential co-ops for the wealthy” (Currid, 2009). Taking into account the above mentioned definition for gentrification, economic reasons seem to play a key role, as the ousting of the working-class is done through the rise of lifestyle costs. This article aims to draw a parallel between gentrification and tourism and to find a solution for specific contexts in which existing and new communities can cohabit in a sustainable and community-oriented manner.
Without disregard for the negative impacts of the gentrification process upon social equity and geo-demographical homogeneity, the concept of gentritourism (described in the following segment of the article) will focus on David Ley’s theory about the ‘new middle class’ that emerged in the 1970s. Ley was inspired by David Bell’s Post Industrial Thesis, which states that there is a shift in the economy of the post-industrial society from manufacturing to service-based; universities replace factories and there is a rise of managerial professions and “artistic avant-gardes lead consumer culture” (Bell, 1973 in Lees, Slater and Wyly, 2013). The factors mentioned by Bell stimulate change, often in the form of a gentrification process, and are the reasons for which ‘gentrifiers gentrify’. Later Ley affirms that a ‘cultural new class’ emerged with “a vocation to enhance the quality of life in pursuits that are not simply economistic” (Ley, 1996) and argued that the process of gentrification takes now also into account factors like particular aesthetics, taste and “ an alternative urbanism to suburbanization” (Ley, 1996). Closer to the present, Robert Florida’s book entitled ‘The Rise of the Creative Class’ (2003) argues that nowadays in order to capitalize new economies, policy makers must take into account the ’creative class ‘ “that is gays, youth, bohemians, professors, scientists, artists, entrepreneurs and alike” (Lees, Slater and Wyly, 2013) and even calls them the key factor to economic growth. This being said, the process of gentrification is changing and the gentrified sites can sometimes be identified in specific contexts by a clash of art and culture. Berlin provides a good example, as it is especially known “as a young, creative and emergent metropolis” (Smartcitiesdive.com, 2017) and one of the places where the process of gentrification and its participants feel like home. After the Berlin wall fell, parts of the eastern inner city were no longer inhabited, therefore at that time young people, artists and immigrants moved in the places where nobody wanted to live. In time they managed to create a subculture which nowadays attracts visitors and is conscientiously used by local governments as a touristic magnet (Smartcitiesdive.com, 2017). Nowadays, “locals are opposing a plan to demolish Communist-era apartment blocks in a prime city centre location and replace them with upscale homes and shops” (Morris, 2017).
Gentrification therefore has both positive and negative aspects [Image 2.] and in the following of this article, the idea is to harness the positive ones via the concept of gentritourism and the subculture emerging from it, the ‘gentritourists’. Before defining gentritourism, the following question must be answered: How does tourism influence gentrification and what are the consequences?
2. “Gentrification zoo”
The second illustration intends to present a surreal perspective of a gentrified city district, where good and bad cohabit inside the process of gentrification. On one side there are the dwellers who feel included in the community and on the other side, in the rest of the city, more and more areas are being threatened by globalization and capitalism. The last ones will eventually lead to the destruction of local values and vernacular identity. It is entitled “Gentrification zoo” as it is similar to a jungle, where the strongest economically perseveres, like inequity among social classes. Source: Authors.
Globalization and mass tourism are having a large impact around the world as mentioned in the beginning of the article and gentrified districts make no exception. In large and highly touristic cities in Europe such as Barcelona, Paris, London, Berlin, Lisbon, and Amsterdam gentrification is being influenced by tourism, as rent gaps between central and peripheral areas are increasing and locals are being ousted from their residences in order to accommodate tourists for exaggeratedly high prices. Small local businesses are being threatened by worldwide known fast-food restaurants or globalised imitations of specific local food, where pizza and burgers have become traditional dishes everywhere. A good example is Barcelona, a major destination among European cities, which is nowadays suffocated with tourists, souvenir shops and touristic buses. ‘Bye Bye Barcelona’ is a documentary which illustrates the locals’ dissatisfaction and anxiety caused by the extremely large number of tourists visiting Gaudi’s masterpiece city every year, and in all seasons. The citizens of Barcelona are complaining about the fact that the city no longer belongs to them, that it is highly overcrowded and overbooked, and visitors’ presence is increasing even in local residential areas. This all results in the loss of a sense of community, an increase in rents and lifestyle costs, traffic jams, lowerd levels of security and high commercialization of local values and traditions (Bye Bye Barcelona, 2014).
By merging of global tourism and gentrification, the concept of gentritourism is born. The term of gentritourism is used to describe how tourism can influence the areas caught in the process of gentrification in a positive way, within specific contexts. The idea is to develop a process through which gentrified areas are transformed and improved by old and new users (gentritourists) in a manner that allows all of them to cohabit and build a sense of community, without losing the essence of social and economic equity. Gentritourism can be applied in urban contexts within which the gentrification process has either taken place already or will in the nearby future. It can work either at large or small scale, with different levels of impact. A hypothetical example would be if the principles of the gentritourism as described above, would be applied at large scale within a district in a popular tourist city, where the sense of community is less felt and the gap between the social classes is be bigger, therefore the level of social and economic equity lower. One direction which might be followed in this kind of case would be that people would group according to similarities between them (e.g. artists’ district) and find a way to decrease socio-economic gaps, keeping in mind a side effect might be that the opposite occurs and the differences between them become barriers. Whereas on a smaller scale, community-based and sustainable tourism would be more feasible and achievable, as it would define a lifestyle which does not build itself on consumerism and economic hierarchy.
The subculture emerged from the implementation of gentritourism is the ‘gentritourists’, as a derivation from the concept’s name. In this context, ‘gentritourists’ will be fitted into a social category that might seem stereotypical, but it is just in order to be presented in a clear format open to all levels of understanding. The idea of ‘Gentritourists’ has its basis in a further study made by David Ley in the 1990s, where he turns his attention to the three biggest Canadian cities (Toronto, Montreal and Ontario), in order to observe the typology of people predominantly living within the gentrified areas. Ley affirms that “the principal gentrifying districts in each city in fact contained an electorate which predominantly sided with more left-liberal reform politics” which “prioritize a more ‘open’ government concerned with neighbourhood rights, minority rights, improved public services (..) and greater attention to heritage, environment, public open space, and cultural and leisure activities” (Ley, 1996). As David Ley also argues, the ‘new middle class’ (Ley, 1996) has grown tired of the suburbia and is looking for an exciting place to live, where they do not feel isolated and where costs, from transportation to leisure activities, are much lower. Furthermore, D. Ley and R. Florida both argued that the ‘new middle class’ is bohemian and does not define its lifestyle choices by economic status.
Keeping these observations in mind, ‘gentritourists’ can be defined as users of the gentrifying areas, who approach the districts as world visitors, sustainable tourists and have an interest in living there for long or short term. Their aim is to discover a different culture, to be new in an unknown environment, to stay longer than a normal tourist and also to not emerge in actions which can damage the vernacular identity of the place, the environment or socio-economic situation. Gentritourism can be used in order to suggest how and why ‘new users’ (Jameson, 1991) would be drawn to specific places in the world, based on who they are and what they are looking for. The ‘new users’ can be identified in this situation with the gentritourist and can range from international tourists and backpackers to entrepreneurs, innovators and investors which are encouraged to take their consumption, interests, creativity or investments (Jameson, 1991) within the gentrifying areas. More specifically, gentritourism welcomes new inhabitants, and their perspectives on the place, as long as they develop within an innovative and beneficial realm and do not harm the wellbeing of the community and its economic balance. Nevertheless gentritourism does not aim to create gated communities or isolated districts, but to continue to make the poorer or emptier parts of the cities liveable again and generate an identity attractive to new and old dwellers, in the areas where the concept fits with the existing context. ‘Gentritourists’ are part of the middle and lower economical classes, therefore do not encourage the price increase of rents and lifestyle, but rather a ‘financially safe’ place where locals and visitors alike feel protected and part of a continuously blossoming community. In such a situation, gentritourism could be a solution to start with, as it would attract indeed new users, but the ones who are investing into making a good change for the city and building place identity, not just consuming the touristic attractions. The concept however does not apply in all contexts and situations worldwide, as it is not the solution to all the negative effects of global tourism.
So, how can gentritourism help the gentrifying areas improve in a manner that does not generate a negative impact upon the local identity or lead to ousting the inhabitants? Community-based tourism refers to an alternative way of travel, which seizes the economic opportunities of communities, while preserving the cultural identity and trying to have as low negative impact as possible upon the local culture and environment (Salobol, 2004 in Bull, 2013). Therefore, following the idea of applying the concept of community-based tourism within gentritourism in specific contexts (small-scale), the result will be that travelling through those districts would be truly authentic and less like being in a neighbourhood which has been conscientiously designed to be commercial and easily consumed by temporary users (view the Soho Effect detailed by E. Currid). Simultaneously, it will create affordable residences and will protect the inhabitants from being evacuated or isolated while preserving the place’s vernacular identity. The situation presented might seem ideal, with the note that before reaching the mentioned positive outcome, other measures have to be implemented, as gentritourism is not a concept claimed to solve all negative aspects. Some of the actions that could be implemented in order to be able to apply the concept of gentritourism are a study regarding the number of residents already living there, including the ones in danger of being ousted and finding a convenient solution for all, such as social housing, implementation of energy saving tools, such as solar panels and thermal insulation of the buildings.
To give a broader picture of the role of tourism within the concepts defined above, the idea of the gentritourist as a world user is put forward. The same user (gentritourist) can play either the role of the dweller within a gentrifying district or the one of a tourist elsewhere in the world. So, how does a gentritourist behave when he/she is outside of the gentrifying district zone? What kind of places is he/she interested in visiting and why? Does his/her behaviour of gentritourist create a pattern and maybe a new typology of visitor?
In order to find answers to these questions, the idea of the subculture created through gentrification must be clarified first. The social typology of people initiating or being drawn to gentritourism and processes alike is not fixed or rigid, but some common traces can be noticed. Scott discusses about certain places like New York, Berlin, Paris, Barcelona, London, Melbourne and so on, which are “irresistible to talented individuals who flock in from every distant corner in pursuit of professional fulfilment” (Scott, 2004 in Currid, 2009). In other words, ‘gentritourists’ can define a niche of people who are attracted to a place due to its creative vibration, unconventional mindset, artistic and cultural potential and not the least, opportunities to work and be part of a like-minded community.
Furthermore, in order to define the idea behind ‘gentritourists’, a more detailed classification of tourists is first necessary. In this way, three categories are contoured within the process of visiting: the global tourist, the traveller and the voyager.
The first of them, the global tourist is considered to be the one who seeks commercial experiences, in most cases having a closed holiday package purchased within a touristic agency, limiting his freedom of choice (Bye Bye Barcelona, 2014). The typical global tourists form the social group of consumers which create the most damage while visiting foreign places, as they are not looking for authenticity or local experiences. They are comparatively interested in high-speed commercial contact, so more aimed on quantity, rather than quality without any particular sense of caring for the well-being of the visited places and communities. The second visitor category refers to the traveller, a typology which offers some room for improvisation regarding the journey’s itinerary. The traveller is not a rigid stereotype of visitor, but rather orbiting between the tourist and the voyager, as it ‘borrows’ traces from both.
The third typology of visitor is the voyager and it makes a direct reference to the subculture created due to gentritourism. Bull discusses a new segment of tourists emerging in recent years, describing them as foreigners who are looking for exotic hidden places and “cultural landscapes in resort enclaves” (Bull, 2013). This particular reference regards the arrival of the voyager, who is interested in authenticity and maybe spending more time than an average tourist in order to explore and discover new places (see the definition for gentritourist). This way of travelling has become more and more popular in the last decade, especially as the younger generations have understood that there are so many opportunities to visit places ‘on a budget’. Going to popular museums or only visiting famous touristic attractions, or eating the globalised version of the ‘local dishes’, are not part of a voyager’s typical experience. Voyagers are more likely to treat the place with respect, as they want to discover it and experience it as it really is and might eventually be interested in staying and be part of the local community. Therefore the voyager typology is similar to the gentritourist one, as it defined persons who are looking for the community sense, for the artistic vibe, for the cultural scene and are interested in preserving heritage and not damaging the environment, by living sustainably. The gentritourist does not have at its centre an ordinary tourist, but rather one who is looking for the authentic and spending more time than average in new places. As a consequence, he/she is keen on visiting globally while making a difference locally.
It is necessary too to ask why ‘gentritourists’ would be so interested in staying in a new place that also presents new challenges? To understand this, the impact of technology and digitalization cannot be ignored, as we are living in an era of internet, which has brought ‘city branding’ to another level due to social media. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Tumblr, Pinterest among others have upgraded cities from ordinary to ‘hidden treasures’ that must be discovered by new users. The advertisement and marketing conducted through the social media platforms is all the more brilliant, as it is free to access and can be very convincing. Typically, the ones managing this marketing are precisely the ones who have been there and are sharing their own experiences, therefore they are more credible for future visitors. But is it just the social media the one which has drawn more people from all corners of the world to certain places at certain times? Another reason for the mass visiting and travelling movement of young generations, identified as voyagers and sometimes ’gentritourists’, is the existence of the multiple low cost airlines flying to key destinations, considered universally worth visiting. Most of the places promoted by low-cost airlines are very popular mass tourism destinations, so probably not the best approach if you are an unconventional visitor or a gentritourist and you are looking for something special or unique to visit. So how do voyagers travel ‘on a budget’ to less accessible, exotic, extreme or rather culturally closed places? Hence, the concept of networking appears in the equation as it is a key factor, because networking is not only present on social media platforms, but also on travel and hosting platforms like Couchsurfing, Airbnb 1 and Gomore [Image 3.]. All these relatively new ways of finding a ride, a travel buddy or a couch to sleep on are opening new dimensions of across borders free socializing and the opportunity of experiencing places as a local. It is considerably easier and cheap to travel with a network of internationally open-minded people and being offered free accommodation through Couchsurfing, for the exchange of cultural experience, and it is even possible to get from A to B for more or less nothing, through hitchhiking or car sharing.The movement of young people all over the world in the search of new adventures or places to live in is directly connected to social media, an international network, low-cost transportation and the desire to live sustainably.
3. “Tourist, traveller, voyager”
The illustration portraits the tourist, the traveller and the voyager (from left to right) as the types of visitors and the sort of places and experiences they are looking for when visiting. The people displayed in the illustration have merely the role to put an image to the written description present in the text and they are free to interpretation.
By understanding how global tourism, gentrification and gentritourism are shaping the urban spaces and creating patterns regarding the way people worldwide live within communities and travel, we can identify the gentritourist as an actor in the middle of these processes.
Therefore neither global or local should be looked at individually, but rather together as the industry of tourism is constantly changing. Tourism as a mass industry has had and still has many negative aspects and it seems fair that since man took, man should give back [Image 4.]. Building on this idea, there is a cycle inside the concept of tourism and visiting, which says that if tourists created a problem in the places visited, a new approach should be adopted to visiting – a flexible and sustainable tourism, one that does not encourage the negative side effects of gentrification. Since mass tourism mainly focuses on globalizing and industrializing local values and increasing costs in order to make more profit, hope might lie within ‘gentritourists’ or voyagers, due to their support of ecotourism and community-based tourism, as mentioned earlier in the article. One might ask how the ‘gentritourists’ are actually encouraging a better way of visiting places? Some of the answers include not encouraging mass touristic sales (touristic bus guides, commercial souvenir shops, fast-food restaurants, tourism agencies etc), engaging with the locals on amiable terms, sustainable means of transportation, accommodation and car sharing, camping, volunteering, teaching or working and living in certain areas for a while. These are popular manners in which people nowadays are travelling ‘on a budget’ for longer periods of time to different destinations and even living in them. There, they might form communities within which its dwellers share common values and try to offer an identity to ‘lost spaces’ such as places with a bad reputation, abandoned, polluted, industrial or partially destroyed districts in cities. Examples 2 have multiplied in the last few years, which suggests that people are looking for more sustainable ways of travelling and living that do not include damaging local values or imposing global influences. Again, there is such a large variety of cases worldwide in which the gentrification process has ended and the people are already ousted and there is no sign that the district was ever any other way, therefore gentritourism would not be a valid and efficient solution.
4. “Man took, man gives”
The cycle of ‘man took, man gives’ is represented in the illustration, on the one had depicting that some part of the damage upon major cities is due to how visitors treat the destinations and on the other hand what happens if they choose to help. The ‘thumbs down’ and the ‘thumbs up’ (from left to right) symbols aim to show mass tourism and globalization as ‘cons’ and to ‘gentritourism’ and ‘community- based tourism’ as ‘pros’. Source: Authors.
In many places mass tourism has perturbed the community sense the cultural identity, the sense of security, the freedom of movement within cities and the preservation of historical and cultural sites. The cycle of ‘man took, man gives’ can be completed by people recycling the less functional sites within cities and bringing them back to life through local community sense, which is a catalyst as it creates a bond between dwellers, no matter if they are originally from there or just visiting. ‘Gentritourists’ are seeking diverse experiences and connections with places and locals, which is why they are a segment of visitors highly valuable to the future of sustainable tourism. Thus, new and different is attractive for the generation of ‘gentritourists’, even if it is more challenging and demanding, possibly deriving from the nomadic demeanour of mankind’s ancestors. This assumption enables hope regarding the will of people to relocate where the issue is and to try to fix it, instead of erasing the places and forgetting about their meaning.
1. Regarding Airbnb, it has to be taken into account the fact that it is a platform which allows people all over the world to find accommodation either on short or long term in different locations, as long as the locals are ‘renting out’ either their own homes or some other homes they own. One of the downsides of Airbnb is that it has no selection filter regarding the type of visitor it is accommodating and in many popular destinations, such as Barcelona, it is overcrowding the city because it is an attractor for mostly for mass tourism. In short, Airbnb is one of the factors encouraging city overcrowding. On the other hand, the gentritourist is more likely to be looking for a longer stay, therefore not considerably increasing the number of mass visitors and also he/she is more inclined to use Airbnb in order to get in touch with locals and get a more authentic experience. To conclude, there are two sides of the coin regarding Airbnb and gentritourism is taking into consideration the one which does not encourage city overcrowding or illegal ousting of locals.
2. Examples can include Godsbanen area in Aarhus, Denmark or Park de Ceuvel in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
— Bye Bye Barcelona, 2014. [documentary film] Barcelona: Eduardo Chibás. [online] Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdXcFChRpmI> [Accessed 15 September 2017].
— Bull, C. (2013). Cross-Cultural Urban Design. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, ‘Foreword’ XX-Xxi, ch. 1-8
— Currid, E. (2009). Bohemia as Subculture; “Bohemia” as Industry. Journal of Planning Literature, 23(4), p.372-375.
— Davey, M. (2017). Gentrification, street art and the rise of the developer-sponsored block party. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/05/gentrification-street-art-and-the-rise-of-the-bogus-block-party [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017].
— Gunn, C. A. (1994). Tourism Planning: Basis, Concepts, Cases. New York: Taylor and Francis, p. 5.
— Jameson, F. (2005). Archeologies of the future. London: Verso Books, p. 385.
— Lees, L., Slater, T. and Wyly, E. (2013). Gentrification. Florence: Taylor and Francis, p. XV, XVIII, XIX, 91, 96.
— Ley, D. (1996). The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 15.
— Morris, H. (2017). Europe’s Cities: Gentrification or Ghettoization?. [online] IHT Rendezvous. Available at: https://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/europes-cities-gentrification-or-ghettoization/?mcubz=3 [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017].
– Smartcitiesdive.com. (2017). Berlin, Barcelona, and the Struggle Against Gentrification | Smart Cities Dive. [online] Available at: http://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/berlin-barcelona-and-struggle-against-gentrification/245126/ [Accessed 8 Oct. 2017].
– Spaces, P. (2017). What is Placemaking? – Project for Public Spaces. [online] Project for Public Spaces. Available at: https://www.pps.org/reference/what_is_placemaking/ [Accessed 10 Oct. 2017].
NB: The work presented here is an attempt to reinterpret the process of gentrification and highlight positive aspects of it upon the city. Its aim is to point towards possible innovative solutions and draw a parallel between a contemporary issue and tourism, as travelling is a leisure activity which is likely to attract interested users, who can make a positive change.
Cristina Roxana Lazăr is a freshly graduate of urban design (MSc) from Aalborg University in Denmark and urban planner (BA) from Bucharest University. Her work emphasizes how positive impacts can be planned and generated through the use of tactical urbanism, people-oriented strategies, urban catalysis, place-making and relation user-space theories. Moreover, she is passionate about art and collage rendering and through her work tries to bring a creative and practical perspective upon urban spaces and contemporary ways to design them.
Elisa Diogo Silva is a young architect (MA) and a recent graduate in urban design (MSc) from Aalborg University in Denmark. She has a flair for mobilities design, creating spaces with and for people, sustainable urban developments, and for instigating future urban scenarios. Furthermore, she is passionate about strategic urban developments, democratic design, and the relationship between people, physical settings and less-material occurrences taking place in the urban milieu.
Categories Long Articles
Tags BARCELONABERLINGENTRIFICATIONGENTRITOURISMGLOBAL TOURISMLONDONPARISSUSTAINABLE TOURISMTOURISMTOURIST SITE/SIGHT
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Capone talks the long journey to bringing SUFFRAGETTE to the big screen with writer Abi Morgan!!!
Published at: Nov. 8, 2015, 4:23 p.m. CST by Capone
Hey everyone. Capone in Chicago here.
One of the more prominent and prolific female screenwriters in the last 15 has been Britain’s Abi Morgan, who has written a steady stream of television and feature film works that rarely tackle lightweight subjects. Her projects have included HBO’s TSUNAMI: THE AFTERMATH; director Steve McQueen’s SHAME; THE IRON LADY; the Masterpiece series “Birdsong”; THE INVISIBLE WOMAN; and the fantastic BBC series “The Hour,” which she created and won an Emmy for writing. Her latest writing for film is SUFFRAGETTE, directed by Sarah Gavron, for whom Morgan also wrote the 2007 release BRICK LANE.
For those who don’t know, SUFFRAGETTE concerns itself with the movement in the early part of the 1900s in England to get the right to vote for women. As the movement became increasingly more violent, retaliation on the part of police and government officials got brutal. The film has an incredible cast, including Carey Mulligan, Helena Bonham Carter, Romala Garai, Ben Whishaw, Brendan Gleeson, and a fleeting appearance by Meryl Streep. I sat down with Morgan recently to discuss the challenge of making such a vast, sweeping story a more intimate and personal story by embodying the struggle in the fictional character Maud, played by Mulligan. Please enjoy my talk with the much-in-demand writer Abi Morgan…
Capone: Hi, Abi. Nice to meet you.
Abi Morgan: Nice to meet you.
Capone: I have been a great admirer of your work over the years.
AM: That’s a really good start [laughs].
Capone: It’s so rare that the writers ever get to do the tour, so this is a rare opportunity.
AM: It’s really true. You’re absolutely right. I was at Telluride, and someone said, “This is the fourth film we’ve had of yours,” and I had no idea. It’s been a very different experience doing, this movie, in that way.
Capone: Not that your primary concern in writing this film was how countries outside of the UK might perceive or have any knowledge of this movement whatsoever, but most American’s exposure to the suffragettes is through MARY POPPINS.
AM: Absolutely. To be honest, I think Sarah and I, we all felt that we were really ill-educated about the suffragettes. My memories of coloring in some supply teacher sheet. I remember coloring in a bonnet. So when Sarah first brought the material to me, I wasn’t incredibly interested, and I think it’s probably a mark of how badly it was told during my education. But actually when I started to read the research, it was so compelling, and very quickly I threw away the brilliant MARY POPPINS, tambourine-bashing, marching around the drawing room.
Capone: At least Mrs. Banks was saying “Votes for women.” They got that part right.
AM: Yeah. Thank you, Mary. Thank you [laughs]. So I think it was an opportunity to reclaim a piece of history which we thought had been erased, and all had been tokenistically taught at school. I’d adapted “Birdsong,” and I’d researched the whole of the first world war period and brushed very briefly with the suffragettes, but I certainly haven't immersed myself. And there certainly wasn’t the kind of research and historical documentation in the same way.
Capone: Was a part of the motivation for making the film, that there are certain periods in recent history, in the last 100 years, that people will forget unless it’s somehow documented like this?
AM: Yeah. I think what’s been extraordinary about this film is the discourse around it. I think it’s been fantastic to go back in history and say, “Look, this is our version of the British UK movement. But there are so many versions that you could have done with this film. I think the historical research when we started to go back into it was so compelling, so shocking. Everything from the news articles taken from the time, when you could feel the media and the Westminster derision of the women, through to the deputations where there were working-class women talking about their working conditions, to the incredible declassified police reports that were only opened in 2002-2003, which showed the level of surveillance and intimidation of these women.
Capone: That was one of the most eye-opening things about the beginning of this film. They literally used a brand-new technology to spy on these women.
AM: Absolutely. Everything used to have to be on a tripod. This was the first time cameras could be hand-held. I mean, they look incredibly clunky today.
Capone: I was going to say, I love that they say, “This is much more clandestine.” I’m like, “Really? This giant box?”
AM: I know. It would be very difficult to take a selfie with that one, wouldn't it? Definitely, that was really fascinating. I think the more we worked on this film, it wasn’t a deliberate intention, but it took several years to get this movie made, it took several years to get the script right. There was also this incredible, growing sense of global activism going on through social media and this incredible digital age that can connect us with the human rights abuses across the world. So suddenly, all those things, all the appalling work conditions, sexual abuse and sexual violence, inequalities that were imbedded in the heart of these women’s lives and the subsequent torture of these women, incarceration of these women, police surveillance, felt very 21st century.
Capone: One of the misconceptions about the movement is that it was all primarily driven by upper-class women. By making Maud someone who works in the laundries, was that your way to show that the movement went across all classes?
AM: Yes. Originally, I wrote the film for Romola Garai’s character, Alice, and I fell in love with this idea of opening at the opera, and there were several tiers of the opera that represented different classes, and I brought Maud as a character into the house. But I became more and more interested in Maud and realizing, for example, when these women were incarcerated, obviously if you’re middle and upper class, you have the finances to either bail yourself out. Those women had huge amounts of sacrifice and also experienced huge hardships, but ultimately didn’t lose their jobs, whereas a lot of the working-class women being incarcerated, they lost their jobs and couldn’t feed their children and had no one to look after their children, no one to clean their houses.
We became increasingly aware of the way the movement was organized and strategized was by the middle and the upper classes. They funded the movement, they were the vocal voice of the movement, because many of them were literate. When we started looking at the working-class women, who were seen as the foot soldiers and the women who ultimately were-very key in terms of reacting to Mrs. Pankhurst’s call to arms, really. They were the working-class women and for me it was reading the personal testimonies of these women and discovering the working conditions, the accidents, the effects of how working in a laundry house shortens your life. Maud talks about that, and that’s literally taken verbatim.
I think this is important, and it’s accessible, because in a time when we have 30 million people affected by modern-day exploitation of some form, of which 98 percent are women, that resonates. There were some very high-profile women at that time—Hannah Mitchell, Mary Kenney who was in the leadership, but many of those women, as I said, weren’t literate so didn’t write the memoirs. So it was about giving a voice to the voiceless.
Capone: As a writer by making Maud a composite character, rather than someone who is an actual person, it frees you up to include a lot of things that maybe one person didn’t embody in the history of the movement.
AM: Absolutely. It allowed us to composite a collective group of women that we could then build from that. So it was Edith Ellyn [played by Helena Bonham Carter], who was an educated woman, yet her husband owned the business. Violet [played by Anne-Marie Duff], who was living in a very abusive marriage and was tied because of the number of children she had and her economic state, and Alice Haughton [Romola Garai], who was a very wealthy woman but whose wealth had been completely controlled and assumed by her husband. And then Maud herself. So it was about trying to create this very eclectic group, and for me in a weird way, when you’re looking at a movement of 50, 60 years, you have to find a way of reigning it in.
So first we found this 18-month period, then I started to look at the historical beats, then I thought wouldn’t it be extraordinary if we collided these fictional women with these historical moments. We’ve stayed very close to taking bits from these real women. That felt more refreshing to me than what I had done before, which is try and do a biopic of, for example, Margaret Thatcher, which felt impossible because I had to leave out the miners’ strike. That’s a big moment in history that you’d love to put in.
Capone: As I was watching the film, I realized there are a lot of people in this movie that you’ve worked with before in some capacity. Was that a matter of just calling in a few favors? I imagine female actors lining up to be in this thing.
AM: I obviously worked with Carey Mulligan on SHAME, and I always loved her and loved the way she was so chameleon. She could feel so of the now, so contemporary, but I never felt jarred when she moves back in time. So she was very much in mind, so as soon as we saw the film was going to get financed, Sarah had lunch or dinner with her, and very quickly Carey was on board, and that was absolutely fantastic, because when you get an endorsement like that, then you can start to bring the other women together.
Certainly with Meryl, I was like, “It’s a five-minute scene. We can’t ask her.” And actually, Carey’s observation was that this woman, although she comes on for a very short period of time, we have to believe in her charisma. We have to believe that these women will follow her in what she does. When you bring someone like Meryl in, who has been such an incredible advocate and been so long in the industry and really understands the issues this film raises, she does more than just the brilliance of having us believing that these women would throw themselves in front of the horse for the cause. She actually becomes someone who’s very important to the selling of the movie. And then everyone else came to the movie, I love Ben Whishaw. So yes, absolutely, I was the one that said Ben. But everyone else went, “Oh my god, of course Ben.” And Romola, again, I worked with her on “The Hour.”
Capone: I love that show so much.
AM: I will forever mourn that I was ready to write the third series—it all looked good to go. So I never got the chance to fulfill and carry on writing for them.
Capone: I didn’t realize that.
AM: Yeah, I really wanted to write the third series. I absolutely loved it. I really would have loved to have gone on.
Capone: You mentioned Ben; he maybe has one of the trickiest roles [as Maud’s husband] in terms of tone, because he seems like a good man, but at the same time, he’s almost forced to do some really terrible things to this family. When you’re writing the male characters, and some of them are just outright evil, did you have to try to constantly find a way to not demonize all of them?
AM: Absolutely. I never think it does anybody a service to make anyone a monster. You want to show the complexity of them, otherwise if you make someone a monster then they have no agency. You infantilize them, I think. One of the things that was very funny when we came to cast this was obviously the agents were going, “Well, they’re supporting roles. They’re not big enough.” Although they are definitely supporting roles to the women, we tried to make them as complex as possible. And also, it’s a combination of the brilliance of the actors we brought on board—Brendan Gleeson, Ben Whishaw, Sam [West] and Finbar Lynch—but also Sarah and I were very keen that we showed the very different kinds of men who were in the movement and outside of the movement and affected by the movement.
So you have Hugh Ellyn, who absolutely would have been in the men’s league of which there were a number of men who supported their wives, believed in it on their own; George Bernard Shaw was a leading vocal advocate, George Lansbury was an MP who lost his seat as a result of his support for women. And then you have someone like Sonny [Whishaw’s character] who is a man who’s very conflicted, born out of his time, but at that time, for your wife to be a suffragette in that area of society you were an outcast. There was a huge anti-suffragette movement with a lot of women who didn’t believe that they should get the vote. So there was a community who were disgusted by what the women were doing. Then of course we have Brendan Gleeson, a man who actually upholds the law and then starts to question the law.
Capone: That character is interesting, because by the end of the film, there is a bit of compassion with him.
AM: Totally. He says “This is becoming barbaric. My fear is there will be a loss of life. There will be a death.” He knows what is coming. I think part of the construct of making his Irish is, he was a man who had come from a troubled place. He knew what conflict looked like. He knew how hard women would fight for a cause. So that affected his understanding of the movement. He was based on a composite of two detectives of the time who had worked in Liverpool and Glasgow fighting Fenians. He understood the repercussions of this great militant activism would mean.
Capone: When you tell a story like this, 100 years after it happened, you have to see relevance in telling this tale today. Where do you see places where these women might have stepped in in today’s society?
AM: Well, I suppose Malala Yousafzai is undoubtably a suffragette. I recently saw her documentary, which blew her away. But what really shocked me is when you see this image of an 11-year-old girl who has been told how dangerous it is to go to school, stand up and be interviewed on television and stand up at rallies and go, “I’m not going to stop. I’m going to go to school,” and then as a result gets shot. I had assumed that she had been shot and as a result of that had found her advocacy for education, but no. She had been an advocate before, so I would say she’s a brilliant example of the modern day suffragette.
Also in the UK alone, two to three women a week are killed by their partners or ex-partners. There are women in the UK fighting for the rights for women, there are women fighting globally for the rights for women. The global inequality that we see present every single day from gang rape in India through to our own sex trafficking in the UK. We can’t deny that the battle goes on. We can’t deny that the women fought to get us the vote, and that’s the most important thing. I hope that’s what a young, female audience takes away, which is use your vote because you’re a dwindling population.
Capone: Abi, thank you so much. It was really wonderful to speak to you.
AM: Really enjoyed meeting you. Thanks.
-- Steve Prokopy
"Capone"
capone@aintitcool.com
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Model, Movies, and Most Beautiful
All about Lela Rochon
Isn’t it awesome to be chosen as one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world? Lela Rochon was given this title by People (USA) Magazine in 1996. In the late ‘80s and early ‘90s, tinsel town gave very little opportunity for African- American actresses to shine, except this dusky and sexy beauty with the screen name of Lela Rochon. She starred with Eddie Murphy in 1989’s Harlem Nights, playing the nonsensible role of Sunshine and was in the cast of 1995’s hit Waiting to Exhale with Angela Basset and Whitney Houston. She also starred in many high-budgeted movies. Knowing the life of Lela Rochon could serve as an inspiration for those who are working their way to the top of a movie career.
April 17, 1964 – Many important events happened today: Ford Motor Co. unveiled its latest model, the Ford Mustang, to the public in their pavilion. Shea Stadium opened its gates to sports enthusiasts after a hibernation of 29 months and spending $28.5 M for construction expenses. In this day, too, the Mets played their first game for the season in Shea Stadium. Gerry Mock, the first woman to fly solo around the world, started her odyssey today. And Lela Rochon, nee: Lela Rochon Staples and future superstar was born this day in Los Angeles, California.
Her parents are Haitian-Americans; her mother is Zelma Staples, a nurse practitioner, and her father is Samuel Staples, a business owner and graphic artist. Lela was raised like an only child in their home although she had an older half-brother.
According to her father, Samuel Staples, “Lela was intensely competitive even during her formative years.” She was a star athlete at Cerritos High School, had excellent records in track and basketball and was a favorite performer in school presentations.
1982 – Lela finished High School and enrolled at the California State University, Dominguez Hills, where she eventually earned BA in Broadcast Journalism.
1984 to1986 – While she was in college, Lela was one of the “Spudettes” who presented over 20 spots for the famous Spud McKenzie Budweiser/Bud Light TV commercials.
1986 – Lela graduated with a BA in Broadcast Journalism with minors in Sociology and Theatre. She planned to take up Law but because she possessed that wonderful combination of beauty and brain, she was directed to the path of the stars.
On her way up
They said that if you have the looks and you are walking around LA, agents will accost you and offer you a tempting modeling job. Sometimes, these offers are bogus, but many are for real. Lela was approached by an agent and offered two hundred dollars an hour. At this time, such incentive was hard to refuse so she accepted the job and used the money for tuition and books. Her height, 5’9”, with measurements of 34C-23-36 and grace were her assets in modeling. She continued walking on the ramp and also did over two dozen Spuds MacKenzie commercials for Bud Light beer until the late ‘80s. With her income, she was able to buy a place of her own.
After some time, Lela found commercial and modeling work less challenging and decided to search for work that offered more spiritual satisfaction. Rochon told Aldore Collier in an interview for Ebony, “Maybe I’ve always been too intellectual for it,” she continued by saying, “it was nothing I could see myself doing for the rest of my life”. Discovering that her personality projected well with the camera, she knew that she was destined for a movie career so she started her trek towards stardom.
1983 - A trained dancer, she was in the video Breakin’ Breakin’2 Electric Boogaloo and was later included in Lionel Ritchie music video All Night Long.
1984 - 1985 - While still in college, she landed a part in a TV movie, A Bunny’s Tale, starring Kristie Alley; the story was based on the book written by feminist advocate Gloria Steinem. She also appeared in The Cosby Show in the 1987 episode of The Shower where she played the role of the pregnant friend of Lisa Bonet; fortunately this episode was nominated for an Emmy. Rochon was in the movie Stewardess School and Foxtrap. She was included in two of Eddie Murphy’s blockbuster movies, Harlem Nights and Boomerang (she is Christie).
From the late 1980s and early 1990s, Lela appeared in TV shows 21 Jump Street and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (she is Wendy).
1995 – It was her friendship with Terry McMillan which gave her the opportunity to audition with director Forest Whitaker for the role of Robin Stokes in the movie Waiting to Exhale. Directed by Forest Whitaker it starred Whitney Houston, Angela Bassett and Loretta Devine. Based on the novel by Terry McMillan, it portrays the lives of four very different African-American women and their relationships with their men. This film turned out to be a blockbuster which led to numerous offers to Rochon.
Here is the list of some of her memorable films on TV and the wide screen:
1. (1991) Extralarge: Black and White – Rochon played the role of Wendy in this film. The story follows the adventure of Jack Costello, a private detective, in Miami. The film was directed by Enzo Castellari with stars Bud Spencer, Philip Michael Thomas and Friedrich von Thun.
2. (1992) HBO’s Tales from the Crypt – Lela was Mercedes in an episode of this horror anthology. This American TV series ran from 1989 to 1996 on cable channel HBO. It features hair raising stories that make your blood feel cold.
3. (1992) ROC – Carol was Lela’s character in this movie. Directed by Stan Lathan, this light comedy had stars Charles S. Dutton, Ella Joyce, Rocky Carroll, Carl Gordon, Candy Ann Brown, Ann Weldon and Garret Morris.
4. (1993) The Meteor Man - Lela played the role of Vanessa, the pretty nurse. One night Jefferson Reed gets hit in the chest by a chunk of meteor, just like the Man of Steel. So he can fly, but he's scared of heights. The movie was directed by Robert Townsend, starring Robert Townsend, Maria Gibbs, Eddie Griffin and Lela Rochon.
5. (1993) The Sinbad Show TV series – Lela was Denise. The story is about David who is a foster father for Zana and LJ, and feels lost being very new to the game. He learns much from the children, as they in turn, learn much from him. Its stars were Sinbad, T.K. Carter and Erin Davis.
6. (1995-1999) WB TV series The Wayans Bros. - She portrayed the role of Shawn Wayans' girlfriend Lisa and appeared in six episodes. The Wayans Bros. is a comedy that was aired from 1995 to 1996 on the WB, starring real-life brothers Shawn Wayans and Marlon Wayans.
7. (1996) Mr. and Mrs. Loving – She played the role of Mildred “Bean” Jeter; opposite Timothy Hutton in this cable movie. This moving and uplifting heavy drama deals with the effect of interracial marriage in the ‘60s. The director was Richard Friedenberg with stars Timothy Hutton, Lela Rochon, Ruby Dee and Bill Nunn.
8. (1996) The Chamber – Her role was that of Nora Stark, a government aide. This gripping thriller is based on John Grisham's 1994 best seller; The Chamber is the forceful tale of an idealistic young lawyer who is confronted by the dark secrets of his family's mysterious past. It was under the direction of James Foley with stars Chris O'Donnell, Gene Hackman, Faye Dunaway and Lela Rochon.
9. (1997) Gang Related - She played the part of an exotic dancer by the name of Cynthia Webb. Two cops kill an undercover DEA agent by mistake, and frantically try to cover their tracks by framing a homeless man for the crime. It was directed by Jim Kouf ; starring James Belushi, Tupac Shakur and Lela Rochon.
10. (1997) Legal Deceit – Lela played the role of Sydney Banks who learned the hard way that being ambitious and educated is not the only path to success. The movie was directed by Monika Harris; starring Lela Rochon, Jeffrey Dean Morganand Phil Morris.
11. (1997) TV series The Outer Limits – The role played by Rochon was that of Beth Carter in Season 3. A U.S. science fiction anthology television series, it was originally lasting two seasons in the 1960s, which was revived for a seven season run in the 1990s. There were different directors and actors appearing per episode.
12. (1997) TV series Hangin with Mr. Cooper – Lela was Denise appearing in two episodes as the girlfriend of Mark. This was a story created by Jeff Franklin with Mark Curry, Holly Robinson Peete, Sandra Quarterman and Marquise Wilson.
13. (1998) Why Do Fools Fall in Love - She played the role of Emira Eagle, a schoolteacher. This is a biographical film of the brief but emotional life of R&B/Rock & Roll singer Frankie Lymon. He was part of the famous R&B group Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers which lasted for only a year. Moreover, the film depicted the three women who influenced his life. The movie is directed by Gregory Nava and stars a powerful cast: Norris Young, Marcello Thedford, Paula Jai Parker, Ben Vereen, Lane Smith, Clifton Powell, Miguel A. Núñez Jr., David Barry Gray, Alexis Cruz, Pamela Reed, Paul Mazursky, Larenz Tate, Lela Rochon, Vivica A. Fox and Halle Berry.
14. (1998) Knock Off – Lela played the role of Karen Lee, a corporate vice-president. When she discovered that the Russian mafia terrorists are planning to implant thousands of "micro bombs" in knockoff jeans they are exporting around the globe, Hong Kong-based fashion executive, Marcus Ray, races against time to stop them together with his undercover CIA agent Tommy Hendricks. Directed by Hark Tsui; it had an explosive cast led by Jean-Claude Van Damme, Rob Schneider, Paul Sorvino, Lela Rochon, Carman Lee, Ray Nicholas and Lynne Langdon.
15. (1998) The Big Hit – She played the role of Chantel. Melvin Smiley, a successful young hitman, lives a normal life by day with his Jewish fiancée Pam, but kills for money in Paris' organization under cover of darkness. It was directed by Kirk Wong. The film’s stars were Mark Wahlberg, Lou Diamond Philips, Christina Applegate, Avery Brooks, Elliot Gould and Lela Rochon.
16. (1998) TV Ruby Bridges – Lela was Lucielle Lucy Bridges. Ruby Bridges is an African-American girl who, in 1960 at age 6, helped to integrate the all-white schools of New Orleans. Directed by Euzhan Palcy, with stars Chaz Monet, Penelope Ann Miller, Kevin Pollak, and Michael Beach.
17. (1999) TV The Charlotte Austin Story – Rochon played the character of Charlotte Austin. This TV series was produced by L. Travis, Dennis Johnson and Lela Rochon as executive producer.
18. (1999) Any Given Sunday - Lela Rochon is Vanessa Struthers. This American drama film is directed by Oliver Stone of Love Story fame. It depicts the adventures, trials and success of a fictional professional American football team. Its impressive all-star-cast were: Al Pacino (remember The Godfather), Cameron Diaz, Dennis Quad, Jamie Foxx, James Woods, LL Cool J, Matthew Modine, John C. McGinley, Charles Heston, Ann-Margret, Lauren Holly, Bill Bellamy, Lela Rochon, Aaron Eckhart, Elizabeth Berkley, Marty Wright and legendary NFL players Jim Brown and Lawrence Taylor.
19. (2000) Labor Pains – She played the role of Lulu Brown, Sarah’s kooky best friend. Sarah is a New York City columnist who falls in love with Ryan and quickly gets pregnant by him. The poor guy has no idea that he is going to be a father. Meanwhile, Ryan, who is a free spirit, decided to vanish for 8 months. The cast was led by Mary Tyler Moore, Rob Morrow, Kyra Sedgwick and Lela Rochon.
20. (2000) TV series Intimate Portrait - This presents a biography profile of female entertainers, newsmakers and historical figures. It tells viewers about the subject's achievements, inspirations and private life. Lela Rochon was often featured in this series.
21. (2001) TV Lifetime original series, The Division – Lela appeared as guest star in three episodes playing the role of Inspector Angela Reide. The Division was an American Lifetime Television original series about a team of women police officers in the San Francisco Police Department. It was premiered on January 7, 2001 and ended on June 28, 2004 after 88 episodes. The director was Sarah Pia Anderson and Alan Myerson, with main stars Bonnie Bedelia, Nancy McKeon, Amy Jo Johnson, and Jose Yenque.
22. (2004) First Daughter - She played the role of Liza Pappas. This is an American romantic comedy where Samantha MacKenzie, daughter of the President of the United States enrolls at a college and develops a relationship with another student at the college. The film follows the sensual Samantha as she is given a new sense of freedom during her time away from the White House, and the advantages and disadvantages of her college life and education. It was directed by Forest Whitaker (who was Lela’s director in Waiting to Exhale) with stars Katie Holmes, Marc Blucas, Amerie Rogers, Michael Keaton, and Lela Rochon.
25.. (2006) Running Out of Time in Hollywood - Lela Rochon portrays a 50 year old woman in Hollywood who wants to act again. But who is going to give her a job in Hollywood when she is now too old, too fat, took broke, loaded with so much responsibility and owns too many dogs? But being optimistic, she thinks that she's still 'got it' and nothing is going to stop her! Her characteristics of being fearless, demanding, obsessed, dramatic, smart, sexy, impulsive, courageous, loving, furious and very funny are her assets. This impressive comedy was directed by Catherine Carlen and starring Lela Rochon, Gregory Michael and Sheila Elis.
26. (2008) Fatal Secrets original title: Balancing the Books – Lela played the role of Sharlene. This character-driven suspense drama is about an attractive woman who enlists the help of her two best friends to face a traumatic experience she can no longer deny. She is divorced and successfully self-employed, and seems to have it all – except the right guy in her life. It is directed by Meir Sharonyand starring Dine Meyer, Vincent Spano, Lea Thompson and Lela Rochon.
27. (2009) Brooklyn’s Finest – Lela Rochon appeared in this film as herself. Three unconnected Brooklyn cops ended up at the same deadly location after pursuing entirely different career paths. It was directed by Antoine Fuqua (Lela’s hubby) and starring Richard Gere, Don Cheadle and Ethan Hawk.
28. (2010) Blood Done Sign my Name – Lela played the role of Roseanna Allen. This drama is based on the true story where a black Vietnam-era veteran is allegedly murdered by a local white businessman who is later acquitted. The plot tells of the role of a local high school teacher and the civil unrest that followed the acquittal. It is directed by Jeb Stuart and starred Michael Rooker, Ricky Schroder, Nick Seacy and Lela Rochon.
Personal Life and Awards
Lela Rochon met break-dancer Adolfo Quinones when she was part of the Breakin and Breakin 2 Electric Boogaloo productions. They were wed on December 12, 1982 and divorced in 1987. In 1998, she became engaged to director Antoine Fuqua and the couple took the plunge on April 9, 1999. The couple is blessed with two lovely kids: Asia Rochon Fuqua, born on July 28, 2002, and Brando, born May, 2004. Lela has a stepson, Zachary from the previous marriage of Fuqua.
1995 - Rochon's performance received critical praise in Waiting to Exhale and she was handed an Image nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture and a MTV Movie nomination for Best Breakthrough Performance.
1996 - Lela was chosen by People (USA) magazine as one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world.
2000 – She was voted by the readers of Black Men Magazine as one of The 10 Sexiest Women of the Year.
Lela is a producer with two films: The Charlotte Austin Story (TV movie) as executive producer in 1999 and Fatal Secrets as associate producer in 2008.
Today, Lela Rochon lives happily with her family and is still the beauteous dusky star that started as a spudette and achieved so much in her movie career. Those hopeful who are aspiring to become a star in Hollywood or any other movie capital around the globe; could gain lots of inspiration from the life of the one and only Lela Rochon.
Copyright © LelaRochon.com
If you are the real Lela Rochon, please contact me at the below email so I can give you your domain.
You will have to prove you're the real Lela Rochon.
Attribution for the body & banner image of Lela Rochon goes to SPakhrin [CC-BY-2.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic liscence.
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Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED is a kit lens for Olympus Digital cameras. It was announced in 2006, along with Olympus E-400. Olympus Digital cameras often manned by two lenses: Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1: 3,5-5,6 ED and Zuiko Digital 40-150mm 1: 4-5,6 ED.
This set is called Double Kit. They are like two partners, they can cut off almost the entire focal length range. By the way, in spite of the different focal length range on the short end, it's have practically the same dimensions. Letters ED in the title indicates that the optical system uses low-dispersion glass elements. Its help to achieve the best image quality. This lens uses one ED element.
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Specs
Focal length: 14-42mm
Max. aperture: f/3.5-5.6
Weight (gr): 190
Length (mm): 61
Filter Ø (mm.): 58
Aperture blades: 7 rounded Min. Focus distance (m.): 0,25
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Handling and Mechanics
The lens has a standard size for the kit lens, on the Olympus E-510 looks harmonious.
The lens have plastic barrel, including the bayonet
View on the camera Olympus E-510
As expected all autofocus zooms, most of the barrel takes the zoom ring. It somewhere rotated by 45 degrees, while the front part extends for 3 cm.
The lens has an internal focus, which means that it does not change its size when focusing on how to infinity, and in MFD.
Also, closer to the front element it has a manual focus ring, a width of 1 cm.
When focusing and zooming, the front lens does not rotate. Interestingly, the manual focus ring rotates in a circle, without the stop. This is unusual. The conclusion is that the manual focus is made longer for show than for actual use.
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Example Photos
Examples are taken with cameras Olympus E-400 and Olympus E-510. Almost all is s camera JPG without post-processing, resize only.
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Sharpness
At wide open lens has a normal sharpness.
42mm F/6.3 1/400 ISO 100
Crop 100% of the previous image
Of course, when you close the aperture the sharpness gets better.
34mm F/13 1/800 ISO 800
29mm F/9.0 1/80 ISO 100
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Character and Bokeh
MDF is 0.25 m, which allows you to take good closeups. By the way on MFD saw good bokeh.
42mm F/7.1 1/200 ISO 800 MFD
View of the widest angle
View of the narrow-angle (the largest focal length)
All the same, this lens is more suited to landscapes and panoramas than for portraits. Although in close quarters without such a focal nowhere.
The effective focal length of the lens on a sensor with a crop factor of 2 is equivalent to 28-84 mm on a full frame.
The width of the angle is impressive, even sprinkled with a factor of 2, 14 mm it is wide.
The lens has a normal performance but without raisins. On the 3/4" sensor size is difficult to achieve good bokeh.
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Contrast and Color Reproduction
Color reproduction is good too.
14mm F/9 1/250 ISO 100
In general, the lens is not afraid backlight, but sometimes you can catch a flare.
Flare example
More backlit examples.
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED Distortion
Take a look at the curvature of the house, this distortion is the norm for this class of lenses.
Also, when taking pictures of people near as wide angle and at the long end there barrel distortion.
Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-42mm 1:3,5-5,6 ED is a good kit lens for Olympus Digital cameras. It is recommended to use in tandem with Olympus Zuiko Digital 40-150mm 1:4-5,6 ED.
Dedy
i try to mount this lens with xiaomi yi m1 camera using electronic adapter, but it wont work, manual focus also not function, the image still blur all the time, would you please advice how to use the lens and focusing manually? Regards, Dedy
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It’s a scary world out in the World Wide Web
Here Are the Top 20 Shocking Scam Tricks:
Email scams: One in 304 emails that are sent to us contains a virus and one in 404 is a phishing message.
A scan of 22 million PCs by security firm Panda Labs in the second quarter of 2009 showed that just short of 12 million of them were infected. There's no way of knowing, but if the same proportion applies elsewhere, that means over half of PCs worldwide could be infected with viruses, Trojans, spyware and other malware. The biggest single category of infection is by banking Trojans and password stealers.
The most phished organizations (that is, those who were targeted or used in phishing scams) are, not surprisingly, banks and credit unions. But this year, according to a spam/scam study called Project Honeypot, the social networking site Facebook, currently in second slot behind J P Morgan Chase, is predicted to become the biggest single vehicle for phishing.
According to the Consumer Federation of America, one third of all adults have at some time been approached with scams (as distinct from, say, having their identity stolen). Lottery cons are the most common, followed by bogus grants and work-at-home schemes.
The typical victim of a lottery money scam loses around $3,000, usually for supposed tax, administration or Customs fees, while those who fall for advance fee scams lose, on average, up to $4,000. The average identity theft victim gets taken for $5,000.
Scammers profile their victims -- they know who makes the best target. For instance, a woman aged 70-plus is the most common target for a lottery scam, while a man in the 55-61 age range is the most common investment fraud victim. However, the age group that attracts the most scams is the 30-39 year olds.
Almost two-thirds of people incorrectly believe a check is valid if a bank pays out funds on it. (It's not, and if the check subsequently bounces, the account holder is responsible for repaying any money they withdrew.)
On average, 3,500 new sites harboring malware are set up every day. Online security experts McAfee reckon there are now more than 1.2 million different types of Internet malware.
Up to 45,000 people contact the Federal Trade Commission -- the US agency responsible for preventing and halting consumer fraud -- with complaints every week.
In 2008 -- the last year for which full records are available -- 275,000 Americans told the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center they had been scammed out of a total of $265 million. Non-delivery of merchandise and auction fraud accounted for 60% of this.
However, this is only the tip of an iceberg. 10 million people were said to be victims of identity theft, losing more than $48 billion -- yes, that's "billion" -- a year. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), a total of 30 million Americans ages 18 and older, or 13.5% of the U.S. adult population, were victims of consumer fraud of one type or another during a one-year period.
Half of all identity thieves in a recent study came from a middleclass background, had a college education and an otherwise conventional lifestyle. Most of them had jobs and their main motivation was to buy luxuries. In other words, they're not all serial crooks or drug addicts.
More than 3,000 fraudulent IRS tax agency websites were taken offline by law enforcement action last year. And, in 2005, before Hurricane Katrina even made landfall, there were 200 phony Katrina aid websites. In a recent intervention, the Nigerian Government shut down 800 fraudulent sites.
79% of all email in the US is spam. But the nation is only Number 7 in the spam league. Britain comes top with 94%, then China (90%), Hong Kong (89%), Australia (88%), Japan (86%), and Germany (83%). The Netherlands is 8th (78%) followed by Canada (77%).
China is the world's biggest spammer, accounting for more than 11% of messages, followed by Brazil, the US and Turkey. Most spams are sent out by compromised "zombie" PCs whose owners are unaware they are being used -- up to 400,000 zombie machines are activated every day. In the US, California is the most prolific state as a source of spam.
An estimated total of 125 trillion spam messages have been sent out in the past five years, says Project Honeypot. Monday is the busiest day for spam, and Saturday the least busy. 8am EST sees the highest volume during any day.
In a survey by the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group, one third of North American Internet users admitted they've replied to spam. The most common excuse is that they did it in error but some confessed either interest in the product or just wanting to see what happened.
An estimated 40% of Internet users enter the same password for every protected site they visit.
The scam ratio for work-at-home jobs posted online is 59:1. In other words, out of every 60 advertised jobs, only one is genuine.
Almost 200 million phone numbers are listed on the "do not call" register but last year alone more than 7 million people complained that telemarketers called them anyway. Arizona has, proportionate to the population, the highest level of complaints and Colorado has the highest proportion of registrations.
To register or for more information, visit the Do Not Call site.
Not a pretty picture is it? But it's not all gloom and doom. Thousands of organizations, including Scambusters, official government agencies and crime fighting groups have joined the battle against online fraud.
Taken from ScamBusters,org Report Issue #375, 02-17-10
Posted by APT Web Design at 7:43 PM No comments:
APT Web Design
Norristown, PA, United States
My interest is helping small businesses and organizations to leverage the Internet to promote their products and services. I've been in the computer industry for four decades. After 42 years moved from Oreland to Norristown/Eagleville, PA.
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THIRD DIVISION
[G.R. No. L-48949. April 15, 1988.]
JOSE M. LONTOC, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MD TRANSIT & TAXI CO., INC. and IGNACIO DELA CRUZ, Defendants-Appellee.
Tolentino, Garcia, Cruz & Reyes, for Plaintiff-Appellant.
Daniel P. Salon for Defendants-Appellees.
1. CIVIL LAW; DAMAGES; QUASI-DELICT. — The complaint in Civil Case No. Q-19146 alleged that defendant Ignacio dela Cruz, while driving an MD bus operated by his co-defendant MD Transit and Taxi Co., "in a careless, reckless, imprudent manner along Taft Avenue, Manila south bound to Pasay City, violently struck and bumped the rear right portion of a Holden car owned by the plaintiff causing actual, compensatory and exemplary damages." With the allegation of negligence against the driver, and that of an employer-employee relationship between him and his co-defendant MD Transit and Taxi Co., the complaint is undoubtedly based as quasi-delict upon Article 2180 of the Civil Code (Poblete v. Fabros, 93 SCRA 200).
2. REMEDIAL LAW; CIVIL PROCEDURE; FAILURE TO RESERVE RIGHT TO FILE SEPARATE CIVIL ACTION AFTER ACQUITTAL OF THE ACCUSED IN THE CRIMINAL CASE, NOT FATAL. — Under the facts of this case, the failure of the plaintiff-appellant to reserve his right to file a separate civil case is not fatal (Mendoza v. Arrieta, 91 SCRA 113).
3. ID.; ID.; INTERVENTION IN CRIMINAL CASE, NOT A BAR FROM FILING A SEPARATE CIVIL ACTION. — The fact that the plaintiff-appellant intervened in the criminal case did not bar him from filing a separate civil action for damages especially considering that the accused in the criminal case, Ignacio dela Cruz, was acquitted "because his guilt was not proven beyond reasonable doubt" (Emphasis supplied).
4. ID.; ID.; ID.; REASON. — The two cases were anchored on two different causes of action. The criminal case was based solely on Ignacio dela Cruz’s violation of Article 365 of the Penal Code. On the other hand, the complaint for damages was based on quasi-delict and both the driver and bus owner are defendants.
5. ID.; ID.; CIVIL LIABILITY; WHERE ACCUSED WAS ACQUITTED ON GROUND THAT HIS GUILT WAS NOT PROVED BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT, PLAINTIFF HAS THE RIGHT TO INSTITUTE A SEPARATE CIVIL ACTION TO RECOVER DAMAGES; A PERSON WHILE NOT CRIMINALLY LIABLE MAY STILL BE CIVILLY LIABLE. — In view of the fact that defendant appellee dela Cruz was acquitted on the ground that "his guilt was not proven beyond reasonable doubt, the plaintiff-appellant has the right to institute a separate civil action to recover damages from the defendants-appellants (See Mendoza v. Arrieta, 91 SCRA 113). The well-settled doctrine is that a person, while not criminally liable, may still be civilly liable. "The judgment of acquittal extinguishes the civil liability of the accused only when it includes a declaration that the facts from which the civil liability might arise did not exist." (Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 558 cited in People v. Rogelio Ligon y Tria, Et Al., G.R. No. 74041, July 29, 1987; Filomeno Urbano v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72964, January 7, 1988). The ruling is based on Article 29 of the Civil Code.
GUTIERREZ, JR., J.:
This case was certified to this Court by the Court of Appeals on the ground that the issues raised involved pure questions of law which are within this Court’s exclusive jurisdiction. **
On October 31, 1970 at about 8:30 in the morning a vehicular accident happened along Taft Avenue, Manila, involving a Holden car (Kingswood Plate No. 23-80 `70) driven by Rodolfo Defeo and owned by Jose Lontoc and an MD Bus bearing Plate No. 48-1 (4-PUB-70) driven by Ignacio dela Cruz.
As a result of this accident, Ignacio dela Cruz, the driver of the MD Bus was charged with the crime of damage to property with physical injuries thru reckless imprudence before the Court of First Instance of Manila. The case was docketed as Crim. Case No. 70-24847.
After trial on the merits, the court rendered judgment "finding the accused not guilty, because his guilt has not been proven beyond reasonable doubt and is hereby acquitted."cralaw virtua1aw library
Jose Lontoc, the owner of the Holden car then filed a complaint for recovery of damages against MD Transit and Taxi Co., Inc., and Ignacio dela Cruz before the Court of First Instance of Rizal, Seventh Judicial District (Quezon City). The case was docketed as Civil Case No. Q-19145.
Instead of filing an answer, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss on the ground "that the complaint fails to state a sufficient cause of action and that the cause of action as alleged in the complaint is barred by a prior final judgment rendered in Criminal Case No. 3774 entitled People of the Philippines v. Ignacio dela Cruz y Pine and rendered by Branch XIX of the Court of First Instance of Manila and which in the same case plaintiff ventilated his claim for damages against the defendants."cralaw virtua1aw library
The trial court then issued an order dismissing the civil case because there was no reservation made by the complainant to file a separate civil action and the complainant through counsel intervened in the prosecution of the criminal case which led to the acquittal of the accused.
The plaintiff appealed the order to the Court of Appeals. As stated earlier, the appellate court certified the case to this Court on the ground that the issues raised are purely questions of law.
The facts are not in dispute. The issues raised are: 1) whether or not the plaintiff-appellant’s non-reservation to file a separate action for damages is fatal to this action for damages and 2) whether or not the judgment of acquittal of Ignacio dela Cruz in the criminal case wherein through a private prosecutor, the plaintiff-appellant presented evidence to prove damages is a bar to the institution of a separate civil action for damages against both the operator of MD Transit and Taxi Co., Inc., and its driver, Ignacio dela Cruz.
The complaint in Civil Case No. Q-19146 alleged that defendant Ignacio dela Cruz, while driving an MD bus operated by his co-defendant MD Transit and Taxi Co., "in a careless, reckless, imprudent manner along Taft Avenue, Manila south bound to Pasay City, violently struck and bumped the rear right portion of a Holden car owned by the plaintiff causing actual, compensatory and exemplary damages." With the allegation of negligence against the driver, and that of an employer-employee relationship between him and his co-defendant MD Transit and Taxi Co., the complaint is undoubtedly based as quasi-delict upon Article 2180 of the Civil Code (Poblete v. Fabros, 93 SCRA 200).
Under the facts of this case, the failure of the plaintiff-appellant to reserve his right to file a separate civil case is not fatal (Mendoza v. Arrieta, 91 SCRA 113).
The fact that the plaintiff-appellant intervened in the criminal case did not bar him from filing a separate civil action for damages especially considering that the accused in the criminal case, Ignacio dela Cruz, was acquitted "because his guilt was not proven beyond reasonable doubt" (Italics supplied).
The two cases were anchored on two different causes of action. The criminal case was based solely on Ignacio dela Cruz’s violation of Article 365 of the Penal Code. Any doubt as to the nature of the action is erased by the trial court’s statement in Criminal Case No. 3774 that "The Court finds that the guilt of the accused has not been proven beyond reasonable doubt; that the owner of the bus is not included in this case being a criminal case" (Italics supplied). On the other hand, the complaint for damages was based on quasi-delict and both the driver and bus owner are defendants.
In view of the fact that defendant appellee dela Cruz was acquitted on the ground that "his guilt was not proven beyond reasonable doubt, the plaintiff-appellant has the right to institute a separate civil action to recover damages from the defendants-appellants (See Mendoza v. Arrieta, 91 SCRA 113). The well-settled doctrine is that a person, while not criminally liable, may still be civilly liable. "The judgment of acquittal extinguishes the civil liability of the accused only when it includes a declaration that the facts from which the civil liability might arise did not exist." (Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 558 cited in People v. Rogelio Ligon y Tria, Et Al., G.R. No. 74041, July 29, 1987; Filomeno Urbano v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72964, January 7, 1988). The ruling is based on Article 29 of the Civil Code which provides:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"When the accused in a criminal prosecution is acquitted on the ground that his guilt has not been proven beyond reasonable doubt, a civil action for damages for the same act or omission may be instituted. Such action requires only a preponderance of evidence. . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
It is plain from the judgment in the criminal case that the aspect of civil liability was not passed upon and resolved.
WHEREFORE, the questioned order of the Court of First Instance of Quezon City is REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The case is REMANDED to the court of origin or its successor for further proceedings. No costs.
SO ORDERED.
Fernan (Chairman), Feliciano, Bidin and Cortes, JJ., concur.
** Since pure question of law were raised, the Second Division of the Court of Appeals which included the present ponente refrained from arriving at any conclusions or decision in this case.
HomeJurisprudenceSupreme Court Decisions1937 : Philippine Supreme Court DecisionsJuly 1937 : Philippine Supreme Court DecisionsTop of Page
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An exhibition by eight international artists who explored the theme of machines and the imitation of life.
Saturday 13 February 2016–Sunday 5 June 2016
I propose to consider the question, “Can machines think?… Are there imaginable digital computers that would do well in the imitation game?
Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, 1950.
The Imitation Game was an exhibition by eight international contemporary artists who explored the theme of machines and the imitation of life. The exhibition included work by artists Ed Atkins, James Capper, Paul Granjon, Tove Kjellmark, Lynn Hershman Leeson, David Link, Mari Velonaki and Yu-Chen Wang. With a title inspired by Alan Turing’s Turing Test, devised to test a computer’s ability to imitate human thought, introduced in an article while he was working at The University of Manchester, The Imitation Game included three new commissions and works never before seen in the UK.
As the birthplace of the industrial machine-age, Manchester has a rich history of computer science including developing the world’s first stored-program computer. The exhibition looked back to Turing’s timeless questions about our relationship with the machine, and explored their continuing relevance today. The Imitation Game formed a major contribution to Manchester’s role as European City of Science 2016 with new commissions, a publication and a public programme of talks, performances and workshops.
Lynn Hershman Leeson
Renowned for her pioneering use of new technologies and exploration of human/machine relationships over three decades. Hershman Leeson shows Agent Ruby (1998-2002), an artificially intelligent web agent. Over time, Ruby’s software has allowed her conversational abilities to become increasingly sophisticated, pointing to her seemingly independent craving for full personhood and recognition as a human being.
Paul Granjon
Granjon is interested in the co-evolution of humans and machines. His new work, Am I Robot, features a robotic presence which roams the gallery, interacting with visitors in some surprising and intriguing ways. Granjon will also present a live performance during the exhibition.
Tove Kjellmark
Kjellmark is creating a new robotic artwork in collaboration with the School of Computer Science at The University of Manchester, KTH, Stockholm, and Furhat Robotics. Two robots discuss the nature of human consciousness, their behaviour determined by SpiNNaker brain-simulation technology developed in Manchester.
Yu-Chen Wang
In 2015, Yu-Chen Wang was the Museum of Science and Industry’s artist-in-residence, supported by the Taipei Representative Office in the UK. Her research on machine objects in the museum’s collection has inspired an ambitious new work, Heart to Heart, exploring human qualities in machines, to be shown at both Manchester Art Gallery and the Museum of Science and Industry, including a science fiction text, live performances, a film and installation.
David Link
Link’s installation LoveLetters 1.0 is directly inspired by the history of computing at The University of Manchester and explores the relationship between machine logic and the imagination. In 1953-4, strange love-letters appeared on the Computing department noticeboard. One of the very first software developers, Christopher Strachey, had programmed a very early computer to generate love letters. In a meticulous restoration project, Link has written a contemporary version of the program to run on a replica computer.
James Capper
Capper creates walking, climbing, drawing machines inspired by the aesthetics of earth moving equipment and industrial machinery. Capper presents TELESTEP, a new prototype walking sculpture, which he will operate live in the gallery on advertised dates during the exhibition. He will also show an existing work, TREAD TOE, outside the gallery building.
Mari Velonaki
Velonaki’s Fish-Bird is an interactive installation that explores the relationship between two characters (robotic wheelchairs) called Fish and Bird, who have fallen in love but cannot successfully be together. Communicating through movement and text. Fish and Bird are responsive to the presence of gallery visitors, their own relationship and “emotional states”, with incredibly complex and unpredictable behaviour.
Ed Atkins
For Manchester International Festival in 2015, UK artist Ed Atkins presented Performance Capture at Manchester Art Gallery. Performances by MIF artists were captured onto computer, digitally modelled, cut and soundtracked, and then screened as a single computer-generated figure or avatar. For The Imitation Game, Atkins returns to Manchester Art Gallery with his final video work from the Performance Capture process.
Half term family workshops with Yu-Chen Wang
Tuesday 16 – Friday 19 February
James Capper live demonstrations of TELESTEP sculpture
Second floor gallery
Saturdays 13 February, 12 March, 9 April, 14 May
Curator’s tours
Saturday 5 March, 3-4pm
Friday 29 April, 1-2pm
Paul Granjon live performance
A performance-lecture including a selection of hand-made machines and cyborg songs, as well as up-to-date views on humans and robots.
Multisensory adult workshops with audio description
Thursday 17 March and Thursday 21 April
Tours in BSL
Thursday 14 May, 6.30-7.30pm
Sunday 8 May, 3-4pm
Live performances of Yu-Chen Wang’s Heart to Heart
Friday 20 May: 10am, 11am, 12.30pm, 3.15pm, 4pm
Saturday 21 May: 10.45am, 12.45pm, 3pm, 4.15pm
Monday 23 May: 10am, 11am, 12:30pm, 3.15pm, 4pm
Tuesday 24 May: 10am, 11am, 1.45pm, 3.15pm
Book places via EventBrite soon.
Thursday Late film screening: Teknolust by Lynn Hershman Leeson
With an introduction by Professor Jackie Stacey, The University of Manchester
The Imitation Game Roundtable
Presented in collaboration with CIDRAL (the University of Manchester)
Thursday 2nd June 2016
4-5.30pm
Followed by screening of the film Teknolust (starring Tilda Swinton, Directed by Lynn Hershman Leeson, 2002, 82 mins), introduced by Jackie Stacey at 6pm.
All events in the Lecture Theatre
Free, all welcome. No booking required.
Panelists for the roundtable discussion include: Professor Lucy Suchman (University of Lancaster); Dr Simon Parry (University of Manchester); Christina Runge (Gob Squad arts collective); Chair: Professor Jackie Stacey (University of Manchester).
Lucy Suchman is Professor of Anthropology of Science and Technology at Lancaster University. Her research focuses on critical analysis of projects in the design of humanlike machines, from homecare robots to remotely-controlled weapon systems.
Simon Parry is Lecturer in Drama and Arts Management at the University of Manchester. He is currently researching how contemporary performance engages with scientific research.
Christina Runge is a producer and dramaturg based in Berlin. She regularly works with the British-German arts collective Gob Squad.
Jackie Stacey is Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at Manchester and is interested in connections between histories of science and technology and the cinema. She is currently working on a new project on Tilda Swinton.
Yu-Chen Wang, It is just the beginning The Helix 2014.
Exhibition curator Clare Gannaway writes about developing The Imitation Game on her blog.
Keep up to date with exhibition and display information from our team of curators @MAGcurators
Get Together and Get Things Done
What brings people together, from protest to partying? What is the use of a crowd?
17 May 2019–29 September 2019
And Breathe…
Exploring the relationship between art and mindfulness
16 March 2018–27 October 2019
Nordic Craft and Design
Highlighting the superb quality and creativity inherent in design from the region.
6 July 2018–10 November 2019
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Marion High School News Blog Marching Giants return to State Fair, marking 50th anniversary of big win
This year will be a historic season for the Marion High School Marching Giants, in more ways than one.
Not only is 2019 is the 50th anniversary of the 1969 State Fair Championship — a title that carries with it cherished memories and pride for alumni — but it is also the year the Marching Giants will return to State Fair Band Day for the first time in more than 15 years!
The 73rd annual Music for All Indiana State Fair Band Day is Friday, Aug. 2, at the Indiana State Fairgrounds in Indianapolis — on opening day for the Indiana State Fair. The preliminaries round of the competition starts at 9 a.m. with 40 bands competing; the Marching Giants are set to perform in prelims at 2:18 p.m. The 16 bands with the top scores in the prelims return to compete in the evening finals round, which starts at 8 p.m.
The Marching Giants’ 2019 show is “Spirits of the Past” — an ode to the storied history of the Marion Marching Giants, and the tradition of Marion Giant Pride that is as strong as ever today! The Giants will perform as a Class AAA band, the largest class at the State Fair competition. About 60 musicians will be on the field for the Giants this season.
“We are excited to return to the Indiana State Fair Band Day on the 50th anniversary of one of the biggest wins in Marching Giants history,” Marion High School Director of Bands Joshua Huff said. “We hope to bring out a strong crowd from Marion to cheer on our talented students and enjoy the show — not to mention all the fun the State Fair has to offer.”
To attend, you’ll need to purchase tickets for both the State Fair and Band Day competition.
Discounted State Fair tickets and family packages are available online through Aug. 1. You can also purchase them at the fair Aug. 2 at full price.
Tickets for Band Day are available here. You can also purchase them for the same price at the fair Aug. 2.
The 2019 Indiana State Fair will be held Aug. 2 through 18. To pay tribute to the heroism of everyday Hoosiers, this year’s Indiana State Fair theme is Heroes in the Heartland. Throughout the 17-day event, the Indiana State Fair will salute Hoosier farmers, first responders, educators, members of the Armed Forces, and many others who keep us safe and make us proud. Additionally, each day during the fair, Marvel and DC Comics superheroes will be highlighted. For more information, visit www.indianastatefair.com.
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Memorable Manitobans: Nancy Jill Wolstencroft Tardiff (?-2015)
Educator.
Born at Gull Lake, Saskatchewan, daughter of Barry Frank Wolstencroft (1928-1990) and Coye Wolstencroft, in 1959 she came to Winnipeg with her family. She attended River East Collegiate and the University of Manitoba, receiving BA and BEd degrees from the latter. She worked as a teacher, first in the River East School Division and later in the Winnipeg School Division. She served as the Vice-Principal of Daniel McIntyre Collegiate (1994-1995) and Technical Vocational High School (2004-2005) and Principal of Churchill High School (1999-2000). She was married twice, in 1985 to Larry Tardiff (1949-2007) and later to Jim Young. She died in September 2015.
Obituary [Barry Frank Wolstencroft], Winnipeg Free Press, 10 March 1990, page 55.
“Student slashed in school,” Winnipeg Free Press, 6 January 1995, page 14.
“‘Net program joins city teens with Scots,” Winnipeg Free Press, 15 December 1999, page 10.
“Tec Voc to host anti-bullying presentation,” Winnipeg Free Press, 10 November 2004, page S10.
Obituary [Larry Tardiff], Winnipeg Free Press, 31 March 2007, page 50.
“Family confirms Jill Tardiff’s body pulled from water Thursday,” CBC News Manitoba, 11 September 2015.
Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, 16 September 2015, page D7.
Page revised: 16 September 2015
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Home » Gospel Principles Archive » Mormonism: Signs of the Restoration?
Mormonism: Signs of the Restoration?
Settings Group
Robert M. Bowman Jr.
Copyright © 2012 Institute for Religious Research
According to LDS doctrine, a number of events in the life of Joseph Smith were both signs and crucial turning points in the “Restoration,” which for Mormons means the re-creation of the true church on earth. These signs of the Restoration, which the LDS Church claims were prophesied in the Bible, include the publication of the Book of Mormon and various appearances of heavenly figures to Joseph Smith. If the LDS Church’s claims about these events are true, then obviously it really is the one true church on the earth today and we should all accept the LDS gospel and doctrines. On the other hand, if there are good reasons to discount these claims—especially if they are not consistent with the biblical passages to which Mormons appeal in support—then we are justified in concluding that the LDS Church is not the true church.
A. Did an angel restore the gospel?
According to Gospel Principles, “The Apostle John saw that the gospel would be restored by an angel (see Revelation 14:6–7). In fulfillment of this prophecy, the angel Moroni and other heavenly visitors brought the gospel of Jesus Christ to Joseph Smith” (253-54). The basic premise of this claim is that Revelation 14:6-7 prophesies the restoration of the gospel through an angel. If it does, then we may consider whether to accept Joseph Smith’s claim that he saw such an angel and that the gospel Joseph said he received from the angel was a restoration of the gospel. On the other hand, if Revelation 14 does not prophesy the restoration of the gospel through an angel, then it really doesn’t matter if Joseph saw an angel or not, because such an angel would not and could not have been fulfilling Revelation 14.
Here is what the two verses say:
“Then I saw another angel flying directly overhead, with an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on earth, to every nation and tribe and language and people. And he said with a loud voice, ‘Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has come, and worship him who made heaven and earth, the sea and the springs of water’” (Revelation 14:6-7 ESV).
John’s description of this angel does not sound even remotely like Joseph Smith’s story about being visited by the angel Moroni. John’s angel is flying overhead in the sky; Joseph’s angel appeared in his room by his bedside. John’s angel is speaking loudly to all the people on the earth; Joseph’s angel spoke privately (and presumably quietly!) to Joseph alone. John’s angel brings the world a message warning people to fear, glorify, and worship God the maker of the world because the time of judgment has come; Joseph’s angel brings him a message about the Book of Mormon, a book that supposedly contains the fullness of the gospel.
If we read verses 6-7 in the context of the larger unit that they begin, we see even more clearly that this passage has nothing to do with opening up a new dispensation of the church or a restoration of the gospel. The angel of verses 6-7 is the first of three angels in rapid succession that bring ever harsher messages of judgment:
The first angel urges people to worship God because the time of judgment has come (14:6-7).
The second angel announces that God’s wrath has caused Babylon the Great to fall (14:8).
The third angel warns that anyone who worships the Beast will also suffer God’s wrath in unending torment in fire and brimstone, in contrast to the saints who keep God’s commandments and have faith in Jesus (14:9-12).
The rest of the chapter continues this theme of God’s wrath and judgment from which those who die in the Lord are spared, with three more angels involved in executing that judgment (14:13-20).
But does not the first angel proclaim “the eternal gospel”? Indeed he does, but this is not a “restored” gospel but the same gospel that has always been proclaimed. The gospel is not merely a message of salvation; it is a message of salvation for those who follow the Lamb (Christ) and a message of judgment for those who do not. It is good news for those who accept it, but bad news for those who do not! There is nothing in the angel’s proclamation to indicate that a lost or corrupted gospel is being restored; instead, his message is a very basic, very elementary one: God is the maker of the world—start honoring him as such, or else!
B. Did Isaiah prophesy about the coming forth of the Book of Mormon?
According to Gospel Principles, “In Old Testament times the prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel foresaw the coming of the Book of Mormon (see Isaiah 29:4–18; Ezekiel 37:16–20)” (254). However, neither of these passages refers to the Book of Mormon. My point here is not merely that these passages do not mention the Book of Mormon by name, although of course that is true, as Mormons will readily acknowledge. My point is that in context these passages do not describe anything corresponding to the Book of Mormon.
Let’s look first at Isaiah 29. There is a reason why the LDS citation begins with verse 4 of that chapter instead of verse 1: verses 1-3 establish that the context of this prophecy is Jerusalem (called “Ariel”), not the Nephite civilization in the Americas:
“Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! add ye year to year; let them kill sacrifices. Yet I will distress Ariel, and there shall be heaviness and sorrow: and it shall be unto me as Ariel. And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee” (Isaiah 29:1-3 KJV).
The description of Ariel as “the city where David dwelt” unambiguously refers to Jerusalem, and the “siege” that will come against Jerusalem referred in Isaiah’s context to the Assyrian army that besieged Jerusalem in 701 BC, though the scenario could be seen as repeated a century later by the Babylonians. The rest of the chapter continues in this context, which means that it has nothing to do with the supposed Book of Mormon peoples.
Gospel Principles begins its citation of the passage with verse 4: “And thou shalt be brought down, and shalt speak out of the ground, and thy speech shall be low out of the dust, and thy voice shall be, as of one that hath a familiar spirit, out of the ground, and thy speech shall whisper out of the dust.” Mormons traditionally understand the “voice” from “the ground” as the Book of Mormon buried in the ground near Joseph Smith’s home, and its “familiar spirit” as referring to its similarities to the Bible (e.g., James E. Talmage, Articles of Faith, 18; Joseph Fielding Smith, Doctrines of Salvation, 3:213; LeGrand Richards, A Marvelous Work and a Wonder, 69). This is a most unfortunate misunderstanding of Isaiah 29:4. In context Isaiah is saying that the proud city of Jerusalem would be humbled, pummeled into the dirt, like a man who has been given a beating by mobsters and is lying on the ground quietly moaning. Worse still, the Mormon reading of the verse badly misunderstands its reference to a “familiar spirit.” This expression is used consistently in the King James Version to refer to the spirits of the dead in the underworld that supposedly spoke through mediums or necromancers, whom the Israelites were forbidden by God to consult:
“Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the Lord your God” (Leviticus 19:31).
“And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits, and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against that soul, and will cut him off from among his people” (Leviticus 20:6).
“A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them” (Leviticus 20:27).
“There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer” (Deuteronomy 18:10-11).
The expression “familiar spirits” is used everywhere else in the Old Testament in reference to spiritists or necromancers, including elsewhere in Isaiah (8:19; 19:3). Thus, what Isaiah 29:4 means is that Jerusalem will be beaten down so severely that its “voice” will be like those necromancers who whisper and mumble words supposedly coming from the spirits of the departed. Yet Mormons use this verse to claim that Isaiah was predicting the coming forth of the Book of Mormon from the ground!
After speaking further about the many nations that were going to come and humiliate Jerusalem, again called Ariel as well as Mount Zion (Isaiah 29:5-8), Isaiah prophesies that Jerusalem will become so spiritually dense that its most respected wise men and prophets will be completely ignorant of what God is doing:
“Stay yourselves, and wonder; cry ye out, and cry: they are drunken, but not with wine; they stagger, but not with strong drink. 10 For the Lord hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, and hath closed your eyes: the prophets and your rulers, the seers hath he covered.11 And the vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book that is sealed, which men deliver to one that is learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I cannot; for it is sealed: 12 And the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned. 13 Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men: 14 Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid” (Isaiah 29:9-14 KJV).
As an act of judgment against Jerusalem for its disobedience, the Lord announces that Jerusalem will suffer from extreme spiritual blindness. Isaiah uses some analogies to describe what this blindness will be like. It will be like a deep sleep afflicting Jerusalem’s rulers as well as its prophets or seers, preventing them from seeing what is clearly happening (verse 10). It will also be like a book (or scroll) that no one can read, whether they are literate or illiterate, because it is sealed (verses 11-12). Here again, the idea is that the truth is right in front of the wise men of the city but they cannot see it (verse 14).
Mormons have been taught a very different understanding of this passage, and especially of verses 11-12. They think that Isaiah was prophesying about a specific incident involving the Book of Mormon. In 1828, Joseph Smith gave his associate (and financier) Martin Harris a piece of paper with several rows of characters that Joseph said he had copied from the gold plates containing the Book of Mormon. Harris then took this “transcript” to New York City and showed it to some scholars, including Charles Anthon, to get their opinion of the characters. According to the LDS Church’s official account, when Anthon offered to translate the plates if Harris brought them to him, Harris told him that part of the plates were sealed and that he was forbidden to bring the plates to him. To this Anthon reportedly replied, “I cannot read a sealed book” (Joseph Smith—History 1:65). Mormons note the similarity in wording of this statement to the one found in Isaiah 29:11, where the learned is asked to read the words of a book and he responds, “I cannot; for it is sealed,” and they conclude that Anthon’s statement about the Book of Mormon fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy. “Thus unwittingly did this man fulfil the prophecy of Isaiah concerning the coming forth of the volume” (Talmage, Articles of Faith, 242).
We have already seen that Isaiah was not referring to a literal book or scroll, but was using an analogy to describe the spiritual blindness of the seers and wise men of ancient Jerusalem. Even if we ignore the context of Isaiah 29:11, however, its wording does not fit the incident involving Charles Anthon. What Isaiah says is that men deliver “a book that is sealed…to one that is learned” and ask him to read it, and he says, naturally enough, that he cannot read it because it is sealed. But no book, sealed or not sealed, was delivered to Charles Anthon. The only thing that was shown to Anthon was an alleged copy of some of the characters on the plates. Mormons may try to get around this problem by saying that it was only the words of the book that were delivered to the learned man, referring to the words on the transcript that Harris showed to Anthon. This isn’t what Isaiah says (compare the parallel statement in verse 12), but taking it this way only makes the problem worse, because Joseph Smith—History 1:65 claims that Anthon was able to read the transcript and verify its translation of the characters! So whichever way one tries to read the Anthon incident into Isaiah 29:11, it simply does not fit.
The difficulty of making the Anthon incident fit the supposed prophecy about it in Isaiah 29:11-12 eventually led Joseph Smith to produce an alternate version of Isaiah 29 in the Book of Mormon and later in the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. This alternate Isaiah 29 features over 700 words added in and around what are verses 11-12 in the King James Version that turn those verses into an explicit prophecy of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon (2 Nephi 27:11-26; Isaiah 29:6-24 JST). Such wholesale rewriting of Scripture to make it “prophesy” about one’s own work only reveals the weakness of the original claim and Joseph Smith’s audacity to distort the Bible for self-serving purposes.
C. Did Ezekiel prophesy about the bringing together of the Bible with the Book of Mormon?
The other Old Testament prophetic passage cited in Gospel Principles as prophesying the coming of the Book of Mormon is in Ezekiel:
“Son of man, take a stick and write on it, ‘For Judah, and the people of Israel associated with him’; then take another stick and write on it, ‘For Joseph (the stick of Ephraim) and all the house of Israel associated with him.’ 17 And join them one to another into one stick, that they may become one in your hand. 18 And when your people say to you, ‘Will you not tell us what you mean by these?’ 19 say to them, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am about to take the stick of Joseph (that is in the hand of Ephraim) and the tribes of Israel associated with him. And I will join with it the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, that they may be one in my hand” (Ezekiel 37:16-19 ESV).
According to the LDS Church’s interpretation, the stick of Judah is the Bible, and the stick of Joseph is the Book of Mormon. The uniting of the two sticks symbolizes the bringing of the Bible and the Book of Mormon together in modern times through Joseph Smith.
A basic rule for interpreting symbolism in a text is this: whenever the text itself gives an explanation for the symbolism, take it! For example, when Jesus explains his parable of the sower and the four soils to depict four different kinds of responses to the word of God (Mark 4:1-20), and when the Book of Revelation explains that the golden bowls full of incense “are the prayers of the saints” (Revelation 5:8), it is pointless and wrong-headed to look for or even suggest other explanations.
So also here in Ezekiel 37: after enacting the symbolism of taking two sticks, one labeled for Judah and the other for Joseph, and holding them together in his hand as one stick (verses 16-17), the people naturally asked Ezekiel what this symbolic action meant (verse 18). The Lord’s answer through Ezekiel is that he will unite the “stick” of the tribes of Israel headed by Joseph in Ephraim with the “stick” of the tribe of Judah to make them one (verse 19). That is, the two sticks represent the tribes of the northern kingdom of Israel led by Ephraim and the tribe of Judah in the southern kingdom. This division of Israel into two kingdoms had begun after the death of Solomon and had led to the conquest of the northern kingdom by the Assyrians in the eighth century BC and of the southern kingdom by the Babylonians at the end of the seventh century BC. This is the immediate context of Ezekiel’s prophecies, since he was writing during the Babylonian Exile in the sixth century BC. After explaining what the “stick” imagery meant, the Lord through Ezekiel explicitly explains what the action of uniting the two “sticks” symbolizes:
“When the sticks on which you write are in your hand before their eyes, 21 then say to them, Thus says the Lord God: Behold, I will take the people of Israel from the nations among which they have gone, and will gather them from all around, and bring them to their own land. 22 And I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel. And one king shall be king over them all, and they shall be no longer two nations, and no longer divided into two kingdoms” (Ezekiel 37:20-22 ESV).
The uniting of the two sticks in Ezekiel’s hand symbolizes a future time when the Lord will reunite all of the people of Israel into one nation under one king, the end-times shepherd-king called “David” (verses 24-25), that is, the son of David, Jesus Christ. This prophecy is not about bringing together the Bible and the Book of Mormon; it is about the reuniting of God’s people Israel under the redemptive rule of the Lord Jesus Christ.
D. Is the missionary effort of the LDS Church fulfillment of prophecy?
The LDS Church claims that its worldwide missionary program is fulfilling the prophetic words of Christ, “And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come” (Matthew 24:14 KJV). “Ever since the Restoration of the Church, missionaries have preached the gospel” (Gospel Principles, 254).
As noted in our response to chapter 33 of Gospel Principles, the LDS Church came into existence well after the evangelical Protestant missionary movement had formed numerous organizations to pursue the evangelization of the world. The LDS missionary program is impressive in some ways, but it is neither original nor ground-breaking nor even especially successful. As pointed out in that earlier response, what we think of as the Mormon missionary program is actually less than forty years old, and there is evidence suggesting that it is losing steam.
A few statistical comparisons may prove surprising to those who have had the impression that the Mormon missionary movement has been in any way outstanding. It took the LDS Church (founded in 1830) 117 years to reach a million members (in 1947). By comparison, it took the Seventh-day Adventist Church (founded in 1863) only about 95 years to reach a million members. Jehovah’s Witnesses (founded in 1879), also known for their very public proselytizing effort focused on door to door work, reached the same milestone in just 85 years. In one century, Pentecostalism (which originated in 1906) grew from a handful of people to well over 100 million people—with 57 million members in the Assemblies of God denomination alone.
One should also recognize that at least up to now Mormon missionaries have drawn the vast majority of their converts from people of nominally Christian backgrounds, nearly all in countries that were predominantly Protestant or Catholic for centuries before the Mormons began their efforts there. The only nation with 100,000 or more Mormons that is not predominantly Christian is Japan. Of the LDS Church’s 14 million members (as of 2010), it is reasonable to estimate that at least 13 million come from Christian backgrounds. The bottom line here is that Mormons are not bringing millions of people from animism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism to faith in Jesus Christ. Their converts come almost entirely from people of Christian backgrounds disaffected, for whatever reasons, with traditional forms of Christianity.
The real task of world evangelization of which Jesus Christ spoke in Matthew 24:14 has been going on since the first century. During the first thirty years of Christianity the gospel had spread from the Middle East throughout Eastern Europe and at least as far west as Italy. By the end of the second century the gospel was being preached throughout most of Western Europe including the British Isles. By the end of the fourth century, Christian churches were established throughout North Africa and from Britain in the west to India in the east, covering what was for them virtually the entire known world. Christianity reached Iceland and Greenland by about 1000, and Scandinavia and Russia were largely Christianized by that time. Dominicans and Franciscans were evangelizing people as far away as China and Mongolia in the thirteenth century, India in the fourteenth century, various parts of Africa in the fifteenth century, and the Americas in the sixteenth century. By the end of the sixteenth century the still-young Protestant movement was evangelizing American Indians and Brazilians, and the first Protestant missionary organization for reaching American Indians was established in 1649. By the time of Joseph Smith in the early nineteenth century, most of North and South America had already been extensively evangelized. In the nineteenth century Protestant and Catholic missionaries began the hard work of evangelizing in Africa; by 1900 there were about 9 million Christians in Africa, and that number exploded to about 380 million by 2000.
Examined in the context of the history of Christian worldwide missions, or even in the short history of Christian missions during the past two centuries, the Mormon missionary movement barely merits a footnote. At best, it is quite premature to proclaim Mormon missions a fulfillment of Christ’s prophecy that the gospel would be preached to all the nations before the end would come.
Of course, what really matters is whether the LDS gospel is the true, full, restored gospel that it purports to be. Throughout this study of Gospel Principles we have presented reasons from the Bible why we cannot accept this LDS claim.
E. Did Elijah appear to Joseph Smith in fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy?
About four centuries before the birth of Jesus Christ, the Lord spoke the following words through the prophet Malachi:
“Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes. And he will turn the hearts of fathers to their children and the hearts of children to their fathers, lest I come and strike the land with a decree of utter destruction” (Malachi 4:5-6 ESV).
The LDS Church claims that this prophecy was fulfilled in 1836 when Elijah appeared to Joseph Smith:
The prophet Malachi prophesied that before the Savior’s Second Coming, the prophet Elijah would be sent to the earth. Elijah would restore the sealing powers so families could be sealed together. He would also inspire people to be concerned about their ancestors and descendants. (See Malachi 4:5–6; D&C 2.) The prophet Elijah came to Joseph Smith in April 1836. Since that time, interest in genealogy and family history has grown. We are also able to perform sealing ordinances in the temples for the living and the dead” (Gospel Principles, 254).
Gospel Principles offers no explanation or evidence to support its claim that Malachi was prophesying an appearance of Elijah before Christ’s second coming. When one turns to the New Testament, it becomes apparent that this prophecy was fulfilled at the time of Christ’s first coming. Jesus himself told his disciples so:
“For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John, and if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come” (Matthew 11:13-14 ESV).
“And the disciples asked him, ‘Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah must come?’ He answered, ‘Elijah does come, and he will restore all things. But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but did to him whatever they pleased. So also the Son of Man will certainly suffer at their hands.’ Then the disciples understood that he was speaking to them of John the Baptist” (Matthew 17:10-13 ESV, emphasis added; see also Mark 9:11-13).
These statements do not mean that John the Baptist was literally the same person as Elijah (say, his reincarnation, as New Age teachers sometimes argue). What they mean is that Malachi’s prophecy was about the coming of a man who would be a kind of latter-day Elijah, a prophet like him. This point is made clearly in Luke’s account of Gabriel’s announcement of John’s birth to his father Zechariah:
“And he will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God, and he will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just, to make ready for the Lord a people prepared” (Luke 1:16-17 ESV).
Notice Gabriel’s use of the language of Malachi, “to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,” leaving no doubt that John was to be the fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy.
If John the Baptist’s ministry of preparing people for the coming of the Lord Jesus was the fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy about Elijah, then there is no reason to think that Malachi was prophesying a visit of the actual Old Testament figure of Elijah to Joseph Smith. But did such a visit take place? Joseph Smith reported in his journal, in an entry later published as Doctrine and Covenants 110, that he and Oliver Cowdery had a “vision” in which they saw with “the eyes of our understanding” a series of heavenly figures speaking to them: the Lord Jehovah (110:1-10), Moses (110:11), Elias (110:12), and Elijah (110:13-16). From Joseph’s description of this experience, it was at most a “vision” that he and Oliver had in their minds—not a physical appearance of these figures. Ironically, two years later Oliver was excommunicated from the LDS Church, and we have no separate account of this vision from him.
It should be noted that nothing in Doctrine & Covenants 110 supports the claim that Elijah’s appearance to Joseph Smith initiated the program of genealogical research and proxy ordinances for the dead. Joseph Smith himself did not begin teaching about baptism for the dead until four years later in 1840, and he did not connect Malachi’s prophecy with baptism for the dead until 1842 (Doctrine & Covenants 128:17).
Raising further questions about the vision in 1836 is the apparent confusion in Doctrine & Covenants 110 regarding the names Elijah and Elias. In D&C 110 these are treated as the names of two different figures, but in fact they are different English forms of the same name, reflecting the difference between the Hebrew (Eliyyahu) and Greek (Elias) spellings. Thus, in the King James Version the name Elijah appears only in the Old Testament (throughout 1-2 Kings and in 2 Chronicles 21:12, Ezra 10:21, and Malachi 4:5) while the name Elias appears only in the New Testament (26 times in Matthew, Mark, and Luke, and in four other places). Everywhere in the KJV New Testament, “Elias” always refers to the Old Testament prophet Elijah or to John the Baptist as the fulfillment of Malachi’s latter-day Elijah prophecy.
In review, the New Testament clearly teaches that John the Baptist was the fulfillment of Malachi 4:5-6, and an analysis of Joseph Smith’s purported vision in D&C 110 shows additional reasons for denying that that vision was a fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy. This means that we should reject Joseph Smith’s claim that this vision restored “the keys of this dispensation” (D&C 110:16).
Joseph Smith’s interpretations of the prophecies of the Bible, and his own claims to speak prophetically about the future, show a pattern of error and failure. He made false predictions in the name of the Lord, including his supposedly true prophecy about the Civil War. Joseph Smith and the LDS Church have also misinterpreted various biblical prophecies as being fulfilled in the LDS Restoration. From an evangelical Christian perspective, Joseph does appear to fulfill one biblical prophecy related to the signs that will precede Christ’s second coming: the Bible’s repeated warnings about the rise of false prophets (e.g., Matthew 7:15; 24:11, 24; Mark 13:22; Luke 6:26; 2 Peter 2:1; 1 John 4:1).
For Further Study
The LDS Church: Not the Restored Church. Explains why the LDS Church’s claim to be the restoration of the only true church of Jesus Christ on the earth should be rejected.
Does Ezekiel 37 Predict the Book of Mormon? IRR web article showing that the LDS use of Ezekiel 37 takes the passage out of context.
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Major League Baseball, People and Target are recognizing teachers in your community.
Bob Bruce
Fern Ridge Middle School
Elmira, Ore.
Bob Bruce grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, and has accumulated a rich 30 years' experience in education, culminating in a Teacher of the Year and Man of the Year awards from his community. His students know that during lunch, they can find this Seattle Mariners fan in his classroom, offering a place to study or catch up on homework. Throughout his career, Bob has encouraged leadership for all his students, spearheading the Friday club, a leadership group that met after school on Fridays. They worked hard to hold fundraisers for the local community, put on the annual school talent show and other events that brought the whole town together. He then breathed new life into the leadership program at the middle school, where his students have been inspired to donate tens of thousands of dollars to Habitat for Humanity and the local Community Chest. Bob is also a friend to parents, spending countless nights going to his students' homes to conduct in-person conferences. He believes that knowing his kids' backgrounds is integral to helping them succeed to the fullest, and he continues to be a friendly ear to any student who needs to talk.
Why Bob roots for the Mariners: "I grew up in Alaska and have lived in Oregon for 33 years, so the Mariners have been my "hometown team" since they started in Seattle."
Bob Porto
Lawrence School
Falmouth, Mass.
Bob Porto is a teacher of engineering, whose real-world experience and community involvement has been an inspiration to many. With 20 years of experience in education -- and even more as a Seattle Mariners fan -- Bob has worked as an environmental educator, camp director and coordinator on a schooner in Puget Sound in Washington, teaching marine science and maritime studies to kids. He believes in engaging, hands-on curriculum that combines problem-solving skills, tools and the engineering design process. His students love that he keeps classes interesting and engaging with a variety of activities and engineering challenges that create a collaborative learning environment. Each project is designed to accommodate diverse needs and skill sets, resulting in a high level of active participation. His students' projects often appear at school committee meetings and every year, they participate in the Falmouth Schools Community Science Fair. Bob is known for bringing cross-age connections to the learning environment, with elementary and middle school students working together to build something great through teamwork.
Why Bob roots for the Mariners: "I've been a fan of the Mariners because I have lived near Seattle for several years, and because the team is a class act, as are Mariners fans!"
Kevin Zelko
Kevin Zelko has taught special education for elementary school students for more than 11 years. He is not only a giving person, but a huge fan of the Seattle Mariners as well, and at one time even worked as a concession vendor at Mariners games. This year, Kevin combined his passion for teaching and his passion for sports by launching a fundraiser to get every kid in his school a sports jersey. Teaching in a low-income area, he noticed that not every kid could afford to show their team pride on jersey day, so he took his idea to social media and raised $25,000 in 10 days to get every student in the school a Seahawks jersey for the Super Bowl. Kevin has impacted countless children's lives with his patience, understanding and support. In 2011, he received the Symetra Heroes in the Classroom Award for his dedication to the field of special education. He has gone above and beyond to not only affect kids' lives educationally, but also instill a sense of pride in community through sports.
Why Kevin roots for the Mariners: "I am a passionate Mariners fan because the team brings Seattle together like nothing else!"
View the finalists by Major League team:
View All Finalists
NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. The PEOPLE All-Star Teachers Contest is open only to legal residents of the fifty (50) United States, the District of Columbia, Department of Defense school overseas and Canada (excluding residents of the Province of Quebec) who are at least thirteen (13) years of age as of 3/10/14. To enter and view complete Official Rules, which govern this Contest, visit www.allstarteachers.com. Contest begins at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time (ET) on 3/10/14 and ends at 11:59 p.m. (ET) on 6/29/14. Entry period ends at 11:59 p.m. (ET) on 5/6/14. Void in Quebec and where prohibited by law. Sponsor: PEOPLE Magazine. Major League Baseball trademarks and copyrights are used with permission of Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. Visit MLB.com. Target trademarks and copyrights are used with permission of Target Properties. Visit Target.com.
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Oil and Gas Industry Push Poll Aims to Manipulate Youngstown Ohio Voters
Dr. Ray and Susie Beiersdorfer
Over the last five years, the Youngstown, Ohio region has suffered over 700 man-made earthquakes, an illegal dumping of fracking waste into our river, accidental spills that destroyed private ponds and a small wetland, the trucking of radioactive solid fracking-waste into a low-income neighborhood and shale-gas fracking in the Safe Drinking Water Source Protection Area of our water supply, the Meander Reservoir. Because our elected officials have refused to prevent these ongoing harms to public health and safety, Frackfree Mahoning Valley and the Youngstown Community Bill of Rights Committee are using the ballot box to codify into law our rights as citizens to clean air, clean water and a sustainable future. This battle to codify the unalienable rights of citizens over the privileges of corporations and the self-interests of some elected officials, political parties, and community leaders, began in 2013. In 2015, the Community Bill of Rights (CBR) charter amendment only lost by 299 votes out of over 12,000 votes cast.
The 2016 Democratic Platform states; “We believe hydraulic fracturing should not take place where states and local communities oppose it… low-income communities and communities of color are disproportionately home to environmental justice “hot spots,” where air pollution, water pollution, and toxic hazards like lead increase health and economic hardship. … Simply put, this is environmental racism.” (p. 28)
Unfortunately, many Democratic Party “leaders” in the Mahoning Valley do not support the Democratic Platform and continue to represent industry's best interests. Since 2013, the Mahoning Valley Democratic Party and the Ohio Democratic Party have each received $29,500 from the American Petroleum Institute. Youngstown was the only community out of nine communities with previous Bills of Rights on the ballot to receive mailings from the Ohio Democratic Party urging a NO vote on the CBR charter amendment. In September 2016, many residents received a biased telephone push poll, pretending to be an opinion survey. When Ray initially asked the pollster what company he is working for, he said he was calling from a National Survey Research Company. When further probed, he answered National Survey Research Company SSI. SSI is most likely Survey Sampling International with an office in Perrysburg, Ohio. We reached out by phone to both National Survey Research in Cleveland and SSI. A spokesperson for National Survey Research said they were not surveying in Youngstown. A message left with SSI was never returned. Unless proven otherwise, we assert that this push poll was conducted on behalf of the Mahoning Valley Coalition for Job Growth and Investment, a group formed solely to oppose the CBR charter amendment. What follows is a transcript of the push poll and our responses.
Push Poll Text:
“Should the Youngstown Home Rule Charter be amended to add a Community Bill of Rights which protects those rights, among other things prohibiting the use of hydrofracturing, bans the publishment of infrastructures supporting gas production, and bans the storage, transportation or depositing of gas drilling waste products within the city. Would you vote yes in favor or no, against this charter amendment?”
“And now I am going to read you what some people have said about the Youngstown Community Bill of Rights charter amendment. Please tell me if this information makes you more likely to support the charter amendment or less likely to support the charter amendment.”
1) “The amendment was adopted by a group of extreme anti-development activist out of the Pennsylvania. This is the same fringe group that travels across the country trying to shut down factories and construction projects of all types. Does this information make you more likely or less likely to support the charter amendment?”
RESPONSE: Youngstown residents had exhausted all the “normal channels” they thought were in place to help with citizen concerns such as contacting our council members and mayor, attending and speaking at city council and county commissioner meetings and contacting our state representatives with scientific facts and concerns. We also contacted state agencies including the OEPA, and the ODNR with very real issues of concern. These issues included earthquakes from an injection well, the discovery of four fracking wells in our Meander Drinking Water Source Protection Area, and public records showing the sale of the deep drilling rights under Mill Creek Park to Chesapeake and later flipped to foreign interests. A local attorney told us about the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund (CELDF) and we began having conference calls over several months in 2012. THIS is how the CBR was created. We EVEN started with an ordinance proposal that our council could pass to protect the citizens they serve, but council just ignored us and so the citizens used the initiative process to pass a law FOR the citizens BY the citizens to protect our community.The disasters continued, including toxic dumping of fracking waste into the Mahoning River (a drinking water source for some downstream), a radioactive processing center for drill cuttings 1/4 mile from the Youngstown School bus garage, the earthquakes in Poland and Niles/Weathersfield, and the poisoning of waterways by the Kleese injection well in Vienna. And since 2013, we have had three notices of VIOLATION in our water bills, describing a lack of testing for certain chemicals, trihalomethane levels exceeding EPA Standards, and in the May 2016 bill, a Consumer Confidence report stating no water testing has been done since last year.The citizens sought help from CELDF, a non-profit, public interest law firm that assists communities who want to assert their democratic right to propose and pass laws to protect their communities. Their main office is in Pennsylvania. The O&G industry uses multi-million-dollar corporate law firms with offices in big cities around the country and world. In September 2015, the Mahoning County Board of Elections (BOE) made a request to the County Commissioners and was given approval to use $30,000 dollars of tax payers’ money to hire a pro O&G lobbyist law firm, Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease LLP, with offices in Columbus, OH as well as PA, TX, and Washington D.C. This law firm was hired to defend the BOE’s illegal vote to keep the CBR charter amendment off the ballot. The BOE took this action EVEN after our County Prosecutor told them that what they had done was illegal; that they did NOT have the authority to decide what goes on the ballot. The Supreme Court also agreed 7-0 that valid citizen petitions must be placed on the ballot; Boards of Elections do not have that authority.
2) “This amendment could drive up the cost of electricity and other utility rates, making it even tougher for families to make ends meet. Would you vote more likely or less likely to support that charter amendment?”RESPONSE: Electricity rates are set at the state level. This is a "fear tactic" designed to get you to vote against your own best interest.
3) “This amendment is opposed by local labor, businesses, elected and community leaders, Democrats and Republicans, because they realize this would further damage our economy that is already struggling to create good paying jobs. Does this information make you more likely or less likely to support the charter amendment?”RESPONSE: Our opponents, the Mahoning Valley Coalition for Job Growth and Investment, include some elected officials, political parties, local business, union and church leaders, who seem to put their self-interests ahead of those they serve and who also seem to support profit and pollution over the health and safety of the citizens of Youngstown and the environment that sustains us. LOTS OF MONEY has been funneled into defeating this citizens’ push to legalize democracy – hundreds of thousands of dollars over the past few years, including our newest find -- the American Petroleum Institute (API) has given the Mahoning County Democratic Party and the Ohio Democratic Party donations of $29,500 each since March of 2013. As mentioned above, Youngstown was the only community out of nine communities with previous Bills of Rights on the ballot to receive mailings from the Ohio Democratic Party urging a NO vote on the Youngstown CBR charter amendment.
4) “The amendment has already cost Youngstown taxpayers over $80,000 dollars in election administration fees and has been defeated at the ballot five times. Those that continue to push it are disrespecting voters and taxpayers. Does this information make you more likely or less likely to support the charter amendment?”RESPONSE:The $80,000 figure is based on Board of Elections employees’ time that they would have been paid regardless of the CBR being on the ballot. It did cost an extra seventeen cents per voter in 2014, but nothing in 2015 because there wasn't an extra page on the ballot. There have been no special elections because of the CBR, and it is actually the City Law Director who has increased the cost to taxpayers by insisting that the entire language of the CBR go on the ballot. This is NOT required by law; a summary is all that Ohio law requires. Since 2012, ALL eight other cities in Ohio with a CBR on the ballot had a one-paragraph summary, and that was sufficient--just not in Youngstown. The City Law Director insists on putting the entire CBR on the ballot; and incidentally, the city is charged for the length of the ballot. So, increased costs to give the voters of Youngstown a voice has been in large part due to the city's decision, and we believe that this decision is a way to confuse and discourage citizens from voting in their best interest.5) “Broadview Heights passed a similar charter amendment and ended up in a costly lawsuit. Similar lawsuits have been seen across the country, with legal fees straining the coffers of the communities. Passing these amendments may take away tax dollars that should go to police, firefighters and projects that will make a city a better place to live. Does this information make you more likely or less likely to support the charter amendment?”RESPONSE: Broadview Heights did not end up in a costly lawsuit. The city didn't file bankruptcy, and they still have fire and police protection. Also, CELDF offered free legal counsel to the city, and the city refused. This is another scare tactic by the opposition to get you to vote against your own best interest. Has there been any drilling in Broadview Heights? NO, and THIS is what it is all about – stopping the dangers in the places where we live.
6) “The amendment will kill good paying jobs and chase away future projects hurting everyone in Youngstown and especially those that work in construction and manufacturing. Does this information make you more likely or less likely to support the Charter Amendment?”
RESPONSE: The construction jobs associated with the oil/gas industry are temporary, and many times the companies bring in out-of-state workers who travel with the projects. Youngstown COULD focus on manufacturing jobs for the future in renewable energy, but instead the Mahoning Valley Coalition for Job Growth and Investment seems to want to focus on the promises of a "boom and bust" extraction industry that has a reputation of discarding workers and communities when they have made their profits. Our city has given VERY GENEROUS subsidies and tax abatements to attract O&G Industry-related businesses, including over $85,000 to EXTERRAN, a manufacturer of compressor station parts for the fracking industry, which shut down its operations in late 2015.The POLL ends with these last two questions:“After hearing more about the charter amendment called the Community Bill of Rights, would you vote yes in favor or no, against this charter amendment?”
“Thinking generally about the oil and gas industry, do you believe Ohio's oil and gas development will improve or harm your quality of life?”
RESPONSE: There are now over one hundred peer-reviewed scientific journal articles documenting the harms associated with shale gas development. Dick Cheney’s 2005 Energy Bill gave the oil and gas industry free reign to pollute for profit and the science has now confirmed that the threats to air, water, and human health are substantial. Moreover, the continued burning of fossil fuels, including methane, will further intensify global climate change. The O&G industry’s attempts to quickly build new infrastructure, like pipelines and methane-burning power plants, will lock our regional economy into decades of continued fossil fuel consumption, and seriously threaten life on this planet.
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North Korea 2nd ICBM test puts much of US in range: experts – KWWL
By ERIC TALMADGE and MARI YAMAGUCHI
PYONGYANG, North Korea (AP) – North Korea on Friday test-fired its second intercontinental ballistic missile, which flew longer and higher than the first according to its wary neighbors, leading analysts to conclude that a wide swath of the U.S., including Los Angeles and Chicago, is now within range of Pyongyang’s weapons.
Japanese government spokesman Yoshihide Suga said the missile, launched late Friday night, flew for about 45 minutes – about five minutes longer than the ICBM North Korea test-fired on July 4. The missile was launched on very high trajectory, which limited the distance it traveled, and landed west of Japan’s island of Hokkaido.
“We assess that this missile was an intercontinental ballistic missile, as had been expected,” Pentagon spokesman Navy Capt. Jeff Davis said in Washington.
Analysts had estimated that the North’s first ICBM could have reached Alaska, and said Friday that the latest missile appeared to extend that range significantly.
David Wright, a physicist and co-director of the global security program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said in Washington that if reports of the missile’s maximum altitude and flight time are correct, it would have a theoretical range of at least 10,400 kilometers (about 6,500 miles). That means it could have reached Los Angeles, Denver and Chicago, depending on variables such as the size and weight of the warhead that would be carried atop such a missile in an actual attack.
Bruce Klingner, a Korean and Japanese affairs specialist at the Heritage Foundation think tank in Washington, said, “It now appears that a significant portion of the continental United States is within range” of North Korean missiles.
The U.S. and South Korea responded Saturday by conducting joint live-fire exercises. The U.S. 8th Army said the training event utilizing the Army Tactical Missile System and South Korea’s Hyunmoo Missile II was conducted to demonstrate their “precision firing capability” and “exercise assets countering North Korea’s missile launch.”
Washington and its allies have watched with growing concern as Pyongyang has made significant progress toward its goal of having all of the U.S. within range of its missiles to counter what it labels as U.S. aggression. There are other hurdles, including building nuclear warheads to fit on those missiles and ensuring reliability. But many analysts have been surprised by how quickly leader Kim Jong Un has developed North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs despite several rounds of U.N. Security Council sanctions that have squeezed the impoverished country’s economy.
President Donald Trump has said he will not allow North Korea to obtain an ICBM that can deliver a nuclear warhead. But this week, the Defense Intelligence Agency reportedly concluded that the North will have a reliable ICBM capable of carrying a nuclear weapon as early as next year, in an assessment that trimmed two years from the agency’s earlier estimate.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe called the launch a “serious and real threat” to the country’s security.
Suga, the Japanese spokesman, said Japan has lodged a strong protest with North Korea. “North Korea’s repeated provocative acts absolutely cannot be accepted,” he said.
The French Foreign Ministry condemned the launch and called for “strong and additional sanctions” by the United Nations and European Union. “Only maximal diplomatic pressure might bring North Korea to the negotiating table,” the ministry said in a statement.
“This is a 4G threat: global, grave, given and growing,” France’s U.N. Ambassador Francois Delattre told The Associated Press. That’s why we call for a firm and quick reaction including the adoption of strong additional sanctions by the Security Council.”
A spokesman for Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said Friday that Dunford met at the Pentagon with the commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific, Adm. Harry Harris, to discuss U.S. military options in light of North Korea’s missile test.
The spokesman, Navy Capt. Greg Hicks, said Dunford and Harris placed a phone call to Dunford’s South Korean counterpart, Gen. Lee Sun Jin. Dunford and Harris “expressed the ironclad commitment to the U.S.-Republic of Korea alliance,” Hicks said, referring to the U.S. defense treaty that obliges the U.S. to defend South Korea.
Prime Minister Abe said Japan would cooperate closely with the U.S., South Korea and other nations to step up pressure on North Korea to halt its missile programs.
South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff said the missile reached an estimated height of 3,700 kilometers (2,300 miles) before landing at sea about 1,000 kilometers (625 miles) away. It appeared to be more advanced than the ICBM North Korea previously launched, it said.
The “Hwasong 14” ICBM test-fired earlier this month was also launched at a very steep angle, a technique called lofting, and reached a height of more than 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) before splashing down in the ocean 930 kilometers (580 miles) away. Analysts said that missile could be capable of reaching most of Alaska or possibly Hawaii if fired in an attacking trajectory.
South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff said the missile was launched from North Korea’s northern Jagang province near the border with China. President Moon Jae-in presided over an emergency meeting of the National Security Council, which called for an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council and stronger sanctions on North Korea.
There was no immediate confirmation of the launch by North Korea. The day’s broadcast on state-run television had already ended when the news broke at around midnight Pyongyang time.
July 27 is a major national holiday in North Korea called Victory in the Fatherland Liberation War Day, marking the day when the armistice was signed ending the 1950-53 Korean War. That armistice is yet to be replaced with a peace treaty, leaving the Korean Peninsula technically in a state of war.
North Korea generally waits hours or sometimes a day or more before announcing launches, often with a raft of photos in the ruling party newspaper or on the television news. Kim Jong Un is usually shown at the site to observe and supervise major launches.
Late night launches are rare. North Korea usually conducts its missile and underground nuclear tests in the morning. It’s likely the North launched the missile at night and from the remote province of Jagang to demonstrate its operational versatility. To have a real deterrent, it’s important for North Korea to prove it can launch whenever and wherever it chooses, making it harder for foreign military observers trying to detect their activities ahead of time.
Yamaguchi reported from Tokyo. Associated Press writers Robert Burns in Washington, Hyung-jin Kim in Seoul, South Korea, and Elaine Ganley in Paris contributed to this report.
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Butler Newsroom > 2018 > January
From the monthly archives: "January 2018"
Dancing for a Good Cause
Butler University Dance Marathon Takes Place February 3. By Peyton Thompson ’20 The 16th annual Butler University Dance Marathon takes place on Saturday, February 3, from noon to midnight in the Health and Recreation Center. For 12 hours, participants will [...]
A Statement from President James Danko
It is a disheartening reality that sexual harassment and sexual violence are prevalent on college campuses, and Butler is certainly not immune to this. I’m truly saddened when I hear that any member of our community has suffered. The safety [...]
Butler Selects Top 100 Students
Honorees will be recognized at April 13 banquet. The Alumni Association has announced Butler University’s Top 100 students, honoring the top juniors and seniors for the 2017–2018 academic year. The list is below, and Butler Collegian coverage is here. The Top [...]
Professor Hege’s Book Looks at the Resurrection
At the heart of Christian faith is the resurrection—the idea that “Jesus is risen.” But what does that mean? Did Jesus literally walk out of the tomb? Did he transform into a new body? Or is the resurrection symbolic or [...]
Lifetime Achievement Award Goes to James Alexander Thom ’60
Former newspaper columnist’s writing focuses on the frontier and Indian Wars. Historical fiction novelist James Alexander Thom ’60 has been selected as the recipient of the 2018 Lifetime Achievement Award by the Indianapolis Public Library Foundation. He is only the [...]
Freezing for a Good Cause
The annual Polar Plunge takes place February 10. By Peyton Thompson ’20 If you see a polar bear on Butler’s campus, don’t be alarmed. In fact, be encouraged. Junior Butler Ambassadors for Special Olympics (BASO) co-chair Alyssa Del Priore dressed [...]
No Love Lost Between These Butler Brothers
Jason Lantzer’s new book explores Butler’s role in the Civil War. We may think we live in partisan times, but America in 2018 is peaches and cream compared to the state of the country when Butler University was founded. That’s [...]
Butler Celebrates the Legacy of Martin Luther King Jr.
Events include a day of service, a film series, and an oratorical competition. Butler University’s Celebration of Diversity 2018 will remember Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. with MLK50Forward: Together We Will Win With Love for Humanity, a three-week celebration of [...]
Clowes Hall Presents 27th Annual GospelFest
Grammy-winning gospel superstar Pastor Donnie McClurkin, the “Queen of Contemporary Gospel” Yolanda Adams, and Dr. Ricky Dillard & New Generation Chorale will be the featured performers at Butler University’s 27th annual GospelFest on Saturday, February 17, in Clowes Memorial Hall. [...]
MFA Grad Annie Sullivan Shows She Has the Midas Touch
Her first book comes out in August. Annie Sullivan MFA ’12 finds herself wearing a lot of gold-beaded jewelry these days. What better way to call attention to the release of her first young-adult novel, A Touch of Gold? On [...]
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Tech softball team takes small step forward
Casey Miles on June 24, 2016 in Sports
Photo by John Nakano
The Jackets softball team ended their season on May 8th with a doubleheader loss to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. However, the team showed a great deal of improvement compared to the beginning of the year. They finished with an overall record of 22-33 and a conference record of 7-16.
In their final 15 games of the season, the Jackets had a record of 6-9, with three of those losses coming in their final series against UNC. In addition, the team posted a 4-3 record on the road down the stretch, a marked improvement for a team that struggled so much away from home this year.
Unfortunately for the Jackets, their conference record landed them just short of making the ACC softball tournament.
While Tech was unable to post enough victories to extend their season, the young team showed improvement and still has even more room to grow. The roster this season had consisted of eight underclassmen with key performers such as freshman catcher Kaylee Ellebracht, sophomore shortstop Kelsey Chisholm, and freshman first baseman Katie Krzus.
Moving forward, the Jackets will have to continue to make improvements in both hitting and pitching. Two of the primary pitchers used this year were underclassmen, and sophomore Emily Anderson dropped her earned run average by three points from this year compared to last year.
In the hitting department, the Jackets will definitely have to improve going into next year if they want to move up in the ACC standings. Their pitching was sufficient to keep them in games, but all too often, the offense could not deliver in tight spots.
The team batting average was .228 with only senior Courtney Ziese batting above .300. Going into next season, Head Coach Shelly Hoerner will have her work cut out for her.
Despite the somewhat depressing tone the losing record shows, the team has improved over the past few years with Hoerner as head coach. In her third season, Hoerner has improved the Jackets’ total number of wins, increased the amount of hits, and decreased the team’s ERA.
In terms of honors for players, Courtney Ziese earned a spot on the All-ACC Second team and six players were named NFCA All-America Scholar-Atheletes.
Furthermore, in terms of talent coming in next year, the Jackets are bringing in the No. 24 recruiting class in the nation. This recruiting class includes the No. 48 and 58 recruits in the country. In this recruiting class, Hoerner will be bringing in a pitcher, a catcher and four fielders, courtesy of ramblinwreck.com.
Going into next season the Jackets have a lot to look forward to. There are plenty of reasons for fans to think this year will mark a significant improvement over years past.
After all, the team is only losing three players, though Ziese’s bat will be missed, they have one of the top 25 recruiting classes in the country, and many of the returning players have showed improvement over their time at Tech
Perhaps most importantly, the team has consistency at the helm with Coach Hart. Steady improvement, frustrating as it may seem, is the trajectory the team has taken over the past two seasons, and with an influx of youth, there is no reason to believe that trend will not continue.
Tech softball has taken a backseat to sports such as men’s basketball and football in recent years. Its postseason drought, though, could soon be little more than a relic of the past.
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Issue: 2018 > August > editorial
Medication and venous thromboembolism: a complex interaction
S. Schol-Gelok, M.J.H.A. Kruip, J. Versmissen
In the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) three main components were identified by Virchow, a nineteenth century German physician: alterations in blood coagulation, diminished blood flow or damage of the vascular endothelium, or a combination of these factors.1 Risk factors of VTE such as immobility, active infection or cancer, pregnancy, trauma, advanced age, antiphospholipid antibodies, obesity and certain genetic traits such as the factor V Leiden mutation all influence one or more of these three components.2 Additionally, it has gradually become clear that many drugs can lower or increase the risk of VTE through different mechanisms influencing the triad of Virchow.
Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, inhibit thrombocyte aggregation and decrease thrombus formation. As expected, they reduce the risk of VTE and have been considered as secondary prevention in patients with VTE.3 Other, less expected groups of drugs may also lower the risk of thrombosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for example, more commonly known as statins, lead to a lower risk of venous thrombosis, as confirmed in a recent meta-analysis of intervention studies: the risk of a primary venous thrombosis was 15% lower in the statin-treated group.4 This is probably due to inhibition of geranylgeranylation of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway as one of the key mechanisms of the anticoagulant effects.5,6 During the 1990s it became strikingly obvious that certain drugs could also increase the risk of VTE. Based on several case series describing an association between oral contraceptives and a higher risk of VTE, a large case-control study was eventually performed by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study confirmed a two- to four-fold increase of the risk of VTE in oral contraceptive users, particularly with third generation contraceptives.7 A riot ensued when both the German Federal Institute for drugs and medical services and the British government initially discouraged the use of third generation oral contraceptives because of this increased risk of VTE. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), on the other hand, had decided that these drugs should not be withdrawn. This resulted in many more studies, which were evaluated in a Cochrane review in 2014, finally concluding that oral contraceptive users did indeed run a higher risk of VTE, while the risk third generation users ran was only slightly higher than that of second generation users.8 Glucocorticoids, another class of commonly prescribed drugs, are also well known for their increased risk of thrombosis, as expected by their working mechanism, which leads to increased levels of clotting factors and fibrinogen.9 Based on their working mechanism, other, less frequently prescribed medications are also expected to increase the risk of VTE. For example, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents, classified as either monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are both associated with a significant increase of the risk of VTE.10 The most difficult associations to detect are in the groups of drugs that unexpectedly increase the risk of VTE. In this issue of the NJM Dijkstra and Van der Weiden et al. describe a case of a schizophrenic patient who was diagnosed with a deep venous thrombosis six months after starting olanzapine. The authors found disproportionate Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) in the global database for adverse drug reactions for VTE and olanzapine. The mechanism behind this association seems to be multifactorial, with lethargy and weight gain after starting olanzapine treatment being the most likely risk factors in the development of VTE.
The ROR has been developed as a hypothesis generating tool for the detection of signals of an association between a certain drug and a side effect.11 It is based on spontaneous reporting from various resources to the pharmacovigilance databases such as the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre of Lareb and the worldwide Vigilyze pharmacovigilance database maintained by the WHO collaborating centre for international drug monitoring. As shown by the publication of several case series about the association between oral contraceptives and the higher risk of VTE, it remains vital that physicians keep reporting to pharmacovigilance databases any unexpected case of VTE that might be related to a certain drug. This will increase our knowledge of the risk of thrombosis and possibly prevent new events.
Bagot CN, Arya R. Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution. Br J Haematol. 2008;143:180-90.
Anderson FA Jr, Spencer FA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107:9-16.
Cohen AT, Imfeld S, Markham J, Granziera S. The use of aspirin for primary and secondary prevention in venous thromboembolism and other cardiovascular disorders. Thromb Res. 2015;135:217-25.
Kunutsor SK, Seidu S, Khunti K. Statins and primary prevention of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4:e83-e93.
Violi F, Calvieri C, Ferro D, Pignatelli P. Statins as antithrombotic drugs. Circulation. 2013;127:251-7.
Oesterle A, Laufs U, Liao JK. Pleiotropic Effects of Statins on the Cardiovascular System. Circ Res. 2017;120:229-43.
Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case-control study. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet. 1995;346:1575-82.
de Bastos M, Stegeman BH, Rosendaal FR, et al. Combined oral contraceptives: venous thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014:CD010813.
Johannesdottir SA, Horvath-Puho E, Dekkers OM, et al. Use of glucocorticoids and risk of venous thromboembolism: a nationwide population-based case-control study. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:743-52.
Petrelli F, Cabiddu M, Borgonovo K, Barni S. Risk of venous and arterial thromboembolic events associated with anti-EGFR agents: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:1672-9.
Kabel JS, van Puijenbroek EP. [Side effects of tramadol: 12 years of experience in the Netherlands]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005;149:754-7.
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