pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 142
1.01M
| source
stringlengths 39
45
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.68044
| 0.68044
|
Companies and Performances
US Ballet Companies
ABT Fall 2015 season
By California,
May 15, 2015 in American Ballet Theatre
fondoffouettes
Platinum Circle
I'd love to see ABT do the Sylvia pas de deux. It's the kind of Balanchine choreography they could do very, very well.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-c3-lwY6uo
Unless I've missed it, NYCB almost never performs this piece, right? I think Murphy could be pretty spectacular in it. Sure, ABT already has the Ashton, but it would be so interesting to see this Balanchine piece in contrast to the full-length.
Gold Circle
La Sonnambula set looked quite lavish, I assume ABT still have the set? If ABT were to revive it, who would you like to see as the poet and the sleepwalker?
choriamb
Oooh, one of my very favorite videos...van Hamel is so gorgeous in this!
Outlier comment here, but I'd be curious to see ABT in a mid-to-late period Balanchine black-and-white (Apollo doesn't count) just to see how they handled it. It seems a shame that Boylston and Whiteside, in particular, won't get a crack at Agon or Stravinsky Violin Concerto.
Diamonds Circle
Leslie Browne is the coquette in the PBS film with Baryshnikov. Van Hamel was not in this film.
By the way, that PBS film included a very young Julie Kent in a brief Siamese pdd with Gil Boggs, within the divertissements. It must have been her first year in the company.
The link on which in choriamb commented was to the "Sylvia Pas de Deux " in which van Hamel, with Patrick Bissell, was fantastic.
Many thanks for posting it, fondoffouettes -- MvH was a goddess!
Someone above mentioned Kirkland being in this ABT SONAMBULA production. Kirkland was long gone from ABT by the mid/late 1980s. Perhaps Kirkland danced it at NYCB?
I think, Choriamb was referring to a video of Martine dancing the Balanchine Sylvia pdd with Patrick Bissell. Yes, Martine was gorgeous in that video.
Kathleen O'Connell
And yes, I think they'd be a natural choice for Sonnambula. Or Prodigal.
Yes to both. Prodigal does address the tall women / short men issue.
Wasn't she, though -- I learned so much watching her.
onxmyxtoes
Isn't it a wonder that MvH doesn't coach. From watching videos of her (never had the pleasure of seeing her perform live), she was truly something exquisite. Wish she could share some of her gift with the rising talent.
abatt
I remember seeing Dvorovenko doing Sylvia pdd at City Center. I think it was when ABT began its fall seasons at City Center around 2000 or 2002. Of course, they have also done Prodigal, but not in quite a few years. Would love to see Herman as Prodigal.
lmspear
van Hamel has been very involved as a founder and faculty member at Kaatsban International Dance Center. http://www.kaatsbaan.org
Emeralds Circle
Kirkland danced it at ABT. Early 80's. Here is a link to Jennifer Dunning's review of the performance in which she begins by saying that Kirkland's Sleepwalker "had the grandeur of madness and the fine detail of a nightmare though a beautiful one..." and goes on to discuss the performance a bit more:
http://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/10/arts/ballet-role-for-miss-kirkland.html
Kirkland danced it at ABT. Early 80's. Here is a link to Jennifer Dunning's review of the performance in which she begins by saying that Kirkland's Sleepwalker "had the gradeur of madness and the fine detail of a nightmare though a beautiful one..." and goes on to discuss the performance a bit more:
Here's the chronology: fired in 1980 from ABT, rejoined in November 1982, left in May 1984. Never returned:
http://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/06/nyregion/gelsey-kirkland-quits-ballet-theater-troupe.html
Though, in a way, briefly she did return--many years later to dance Carabosse in the Mckenzie/Chernov/Kirkland Sleeping Beauty. I didn't see her Carabosse but a number of people seem to have enjoyed it, though the production was widely criticized and later, I gather, revised even before it was replaced by the Ratmansky.
In any case, her performance in Sonnambula was absolutely mesmerizing--one of the greatest I saw from her at any time and all the more special (to me) in happening at a time in her career when she was having great difficulties.
ABT Fan
Prodigal with Cornejo and Murphy as the Siren = dream casting
Thank you for this. I had not realized that ABT's SONNAMBULA dated so far back. I was thinking of when I first saw their production at Kennedy Center, which was closer to the date of the PBS airing (mid 80s).
Re Kirkland - one can't say that she never received a 2nd (or 3rd) chance. Tragic.
Sapphire Circle
Van Hamel was gorgeous in this. Back in the day, although she had followers, she wasn't a star or perhaps I should say she was a lesser star. Cynthia Gregory, Makarova, Fracci, Kirkland got most of the buzz. In later years when Misha took over he was promoting younger dancers like Susan Jaffe. It's interesting to look back and see such amazing technique and quality. At the time I was such a Gregory fan that there was a lot I didn't notice in other dancers.
It goes to show what a wealth of talent ABT had at the time. Who in the current roster of ballerinas could pull off the Sylvia Pas de Deux as well as Van Hamel does in that video? With Herrera gone, I can only really imagine Murphy and possibly Boylston doing it justice. I'd sure love to see Stella in it, too.
Even though I never had the opportunity to see her dance in person, I consider van Hamel to be ABT's Myrtha par excellence, based on this well-known video alone:
https://youtu.be/db4xlqnpB7U?t=2m50s
It gives me chills even watching it again this morning.
As a sidenote, I really wish ABT would reinstate the choreography in which Myrtha does nearly two sets of bourees across the stage (in either direction) rather than just one. It's such a pleasure to watch Murphy and Part do those bourees, and I'd savor the opportunity to see them do it twice! It's also so beautiful how she lifts her veil off while she's doing the second set and then tosses it aside. Does anyone know when or why ABT took out the second set? Is it too taxing on the dancer to do them twice before launching into the variation? Was it preferable to have Myrtha take off her veil in the wings so that it wouldn't be left on the stage?
Thank you so much for the link, fondoffouettes: I wasn't aware of that video. Beautiful!
As an aside, Miami City Ballet is performing "Bourree Fantasque" next February as part of Program III, with Justin Peck's "Year of the Rabbit" and Paul Taylor's "Sunset."
ABT has updated its Fall Koch casting. Zhurbin has picked up one of the three previously TBA Green Tables. Lendorf has disappeared from the previously announced casting wiith Whiteside filling in for several of his shows.
Still no Monotones casting.
nalgille
Ballet Alert!
On the "A Ballerina's Life" public viber chat Stella hinted she was starting to rehearse monotones, but no word on what dates or with who else
Gala release:
AMERICAN BALLET THEATRE 2015 FALL GALA AT DAVID H. KOCH THEATER,
WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 21 AT 6:30 P.M.
Gala Evening Sponsored by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
American Ballet Theatre’s 2015 Fall season at the David H. Koch Theater opens Wednesday, October 21 with the annual opening night Gala at 6:30 P.M. Sponsored by JPMorgan Chase & Co., the evening will feature the New York City Premiere of After You by choreographer Mark Morris, the Company Premiere of Frederick Ashton’s Monotones I and II and the Revival Premiere of Twyla Tharp’s The Brahms-Haydn Variations.
Sarah Arison, Melissa A. Smith, Sutton Stracke, Monica G-S Wambold and Leslie Ziff will serve as Gala Co-Chairs. Toni and Martin Sosnoff will be honored with The Melville Straus Leadership Achievement Award. Dinner and dancing will immediately follow the performance on The Promenade at the David H. Koch Theater. Proceeds from the 75th Anniversary Fall Gala will support ABT’s education and community outreach programs.
For further Gala information, please contact Buckley Hall Events, 914-597-1000. Performance-only tickets, beginning at $25, are available online, at the Koch Theater box office or by phone at 212-496-0600. The David H. Koch Theater is located at Lincoln Center, Broadway and 63rd Street in New York City. For more information, visit ABT’s website at www.abt.org.
Daniil Simkin wrote that he's rehearsing it on his Instagram account.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2822
|
__label__cc
| 0.682427
| 0.317573
|
TIT: The Times They Are A-Changin’
Posted by Bangkokbois in This Is Thailand . . .
As happy as Thailand is becoming, for some there’s little change.
First the came for the sexpats on visa runs and I did not speak out –
Because I was not a sexpat.
Then they came for the beach umbrellas and I did not speak out –
Because I use a SPF 45 sunblocker.
Then they came for the street vendors and I did not speak out –
Because I don’t really need another knock-off Rolex watch . . .
I hate to be one of those people who bemoans how things used to be, who rallies against the changes brought on by progress and the passage of time, who longs for the return of the good old days. But sometimes it’s unavoidable. Sometimes those changes aren’t necessarily for the good. Sometimes those good old days really were better. And sometimes it just pisses me off that Bangkok is far too quickly losing the exotic, wonderland appeal that I fell in love with decades ago.
There are things I miss that even I have to agree their loss really was a gain. Like the wide open expanse that Sukhumvit once was. Okay, so it was always a wide open expanse filled with cars playing parking lot, but the boulevard was open to the skies and the street’s hustle and bustle played out under the sun’s warming rays. Then they built the BTS. And the Sukhumvit of my youth became a shadow of its former self. Dark, cramped, and now slightly sinister looking – even if you don’t consider the Nigerian pimps and drug pushers – the tangled mess of barely overhead power lines and trash-filled gutters serving as a play pen for the city’s rat population took on a more ominous tone, prophetically filled with the light-blocking over-sized asses of women in burkas accompanying their men folk to whom Bangkok’s appeal is all those things they could face capital punishment for back home.
The street scene along Sukhumvit has changed over the years, and sometimes not.
But progress is what progress does and while the BTS cast its shadow upon what once was my playground, it also offered the opportunity to rise above it all, and be whisked past the stalled traffic at a mere 10 baht per ride. Now, I can’t imagine Bangkok without the Skytrain’s ease of getting around town and the air-conditioned journeys to my favorite shopping malls. I no longer have to attempt to negotiate a fare with a scamming taxi driver, no longer have to consider if the distance is short enough to risk my life in a tuk tuk. And while Sukhumvit no longer has the appeal it once did, now I can stay there and get to Soi Twilight within five minutes for 30 baht thanks to the BTS.
Landing at Don Muang was the perfect start to your holiday in the Bangkok of yesteryear. It looked, felt, and smelled just like the city did. Then Suvarnabhumi came along and its antiseptic greeting to the Land of Smiles foretold the changes awaiting your arrival some 45 minutes and a 500 baht scam later. I never understood those who bitched and moaned non-stop about the new airport. It’s an airport. It’s a place of transit. You’re not suppose to spend your afternoon there. But now, upon reflection, I think it wasn’t Suvarnabhumi itself that had the old-timers’ panties in a wad. It was what the new airport signified: a change to the Bangkok we’d all grown to love. And an end to life as we once knew it.
But Suvarnabhumi was progress too. Even if it being built was more about lining the pockets of Prime Minister Thaksin than it was about upgrading one of the city’s major transportation hubs. At least greed, corruption, cronyism, and kick-backs were part of Thailand’s landscape that we were all familiar with. Not so with the changes being imposed by The Good General. In his stated attempt at making Thailand a happy place, while power may still be the root cause of his brand of evil, the changes he’s championing are having a far more insidious effect on the Thailand we once knew.
Is it progress or is Bangkok just going to the dogs?
You can laugh at the notion that beach umbrellas are being banned from use on the country’s shores. And even agree that cutting down on the low-lifes who used visa runs to over-stay their time in the country is a good thing. And stamping out corruption is a noble goal, if perhaps an quixotic endeavor. But now the Good General is taking his happy campaign to the streets. And as Howard Beale put it in Network, “I’m mad as hell and I’m not going to take it anymore!”
Okay, so maybe cutting down on the number of street vendors isn’t all that bad of an idea. It actually might be nice to be able to use the sidewalks in Bangkok for walking. But I’m not sure the hustle without the bustle is the best answer. Street vendors are an integral part of the Bangkok experience. They’re like having a 7/11 spread along your entire path. You can buy souvenirs, the clothes you’ll wear tomorrow, and the protection – or assistance – you’ll need for tonight, all while you stroll back to your hotel. And without stall after stall lining both sides and sometimes the middle of the sidewalk, what excuse will German tourists have for standing and blocking those sidewalks in the future?
There may be those who think The Good General’s plan to upgrade the piers used by the express boats on the Chao Phraya is the good kind of progress too. But for me that just means one more of those things that made Bangkok Bangkok that will soon be but a distant memory. Watching a too prim Queen attempt an athletic leap to board a river boat is one of the joys of Bangkok. And when you take the danger out of using the piers, those boats will be filled with sun-burned farang faces, the very people you attempt to avoid by using water transportation in the first place. Next thing ya know they’ll be marking the piers clearly so touri will know when to get off. And then there will no longer be that small thrill in telling some lost soul the pier for the Grand Palace was two stops ago.
Or is it just a case of the blind leading the blind.
But I’m a live and let live kind of guy, and even though I’m usually too drunk to consider joining Alcoholics Anonymous, I too realize there are some things you have no control over and that you should accept those things you cannot change. Especially since I’m a guy and hate carrying around a pocketful of change anyway. But that too is on The Good General’s agenda. It’s no longer just Bangkok’s street vendors under attack. The city’s beggars who use stairs as chairs and open sidewalk areas as passing lanes to crawl along too have now found themselves facing The Good General’s wrath.
By now everyone knows those heart-wrenching scenes of homeless mothers and their urchinesque babies are as real as the love you can find in a gogo bar. Or if you didn’t, you know do. Those panhandlers are brought in by the mafia, assigned a child, and sent out to fleece the kind-hearted tourists who wouldn’t give the homeless in their home country a passing glance. Ditto for the cute tykes selling day-old flowers who interrupt you hitting on the beer bar boys; they too are just another money-stream for the city’s criminal master-minds. But according to The Good General the blind singers begging for baht while you beg them to quit screeching in your ear, and the slithering limbless who still manage to find a way to hold out their beggar’s cup, too are part of mafia and the result of Thailand’s trafficking problem. ‘Cuz its not just young women and fishing boat slaves at risk. The disabled too are being sold into a life of begging for tourist dollars.
Of course as anyone who has taken Anti-trafficking 101 knows, the best answer to the human trafficking problem is to arrest those who’ve been trafficked. So earlier this week Bangkok’s police announced they’d arrested 101 of Bangkok’s panhandlers. According to police General Siwara Rangsiphraphamonkun, his boys in brown divided the criminals into three separate and distinct groups: the blind who use speakers to play their accompanying music (beggars who qualify as being both blind and deaf), those with “troubling-to-unbelievable physical deformities”, and those who are just mentally ill (which would account for the 23 foreigners caught up in the police department’s panhandler sweep).
The changing face of Thailand is evident regardless of your level of perspective.
The Boys In Brown are using a little known and never before used law from 1941 that prohibits panhandling. And while some may think it’s criminal to arrest disabled beggars, those caught in the sweep are being sent to the Thanyaburi Homeless Shelter in Pathum Thani to receive career training. Or at least singing lessons.
Bangkok’s homeless always made for a good photo op; its begging urchins were easier to step over than trying to get around a slow moving dowager armed with an umbrella at eye height. And while a limbless man slithering along the sidewalk was never the Disneyland-like encounter you might think it would be, they did make for a good place to ditch the worthless satang that had been weighing down your pocket. And collectively, those folk made Bangkok part of what made Bangkok. The Good General’s plan to arrest them, just because they can’t run fast enough to get away, seems like a cheap shot. And if he really wants to clear the rubbish from Bangkok’s streets, why doesn’t he do something about those hilltribe ladies and their fucking wooden, croaking frogs?
Bangkok has always had a vibrant street scene. And yes, that included vendors selling everything under the sky, wretched looking mothers and not their young, blind karaoke aficionados, and slithering paraplegics. But when they come for the homeless, the disabled, and the disenfranchised, who’s next? The ladyboy hustlers? The helpful, friendly locals who know about a secret one day only state sponsored gem sale? The whispering sexy dvd sellers? Someday soon Bangkok’s streets may look just like those in any other major metropolitan area. It seems that’s what The Good General wants. But if he gets his way, I think Bangkok will be much less for it. Besides, once the sidewalks are cleared of vendors, beggars, and the homeless, what will keep tuk tuk drivers from using them as a thoroughfares?
Related Posts You Might Enjoy:
The Arrival: An Ode To Don Muang, Circa 1986
The Twilight Of Soi Pratuchai
This Is Thailand #1
2 thoughts on “TIT: The Times They Are A-Changin’”
lukylok said:
Can’t agree more more with you.
If Bangkok becomes a sanitizised version of Singapore, what is the attraction ?
I could stay home ! Well, maybe !
Luckily, the BS, is living in Chiang Mai, where he does well !
Only ! 86 days to go.
Bangkokbois said:
Thanks Lucky . . . and thanks for the laugh of considering a sanitized version of Singapore . . . what’s that, Omaha?
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2824
|
__label__cc
| 0.502817
| 0.497183
|
Municipality of the District of Barrington
George El Jakl, District 1
Andrea Mood-Nickerson, District 2
Shaun Hatfield, District 3
Eddie Nickerson, District 4
Jody Crook, District 5
Council & CAO Expenses
Committee of the Whole Minutes
Information for Voters
Polling Districts
Acts and Legislation
Declared Candidates
Upcoming Meetings & Agendas
Municipal Budget Highlights
Municipal Policies
How Can Council Help?
Finance / Taxation
Property Tax Rebate
Property Valuation Services
Tax Sales
Waste Collection / Management
Organics & Residuals
C&D Landfill
Fall & Spring Clean Up
Standard Operating Guidelines
Fire Service Advisory Committee Minutes
Fire Fighting Course Schedule
Volunteer Fire Fighter Recruitment
Building Inspection Department
Civic Numbers
Fire Inspection
Building Application
Building/Demolition Permits
Dog / Animal Control
Civic Addressing
Water Shortage Assistance
Living in Barrington
Municipal Newsletter
Grants and Rebates
Grants to Organizations
Shelburne County Senior Services
Municipal Physical Activity
Volunteer Week
Christmas at the Causeway
Nova Scotia Marathon
Arena Calendar
Municipal Pool
New Rec Centre Project
Research Your Roots
Shag Harbour UFO Incident
UNESCO Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve
Visit Lighthouses
Picnics / Rest Stops
Sandhills Provincial Park
Cape Sable Island Causeway / Cape Sable Island
Our Many Wharfs
Canada 150 Lobster Sculptures
RFPs and Tenders
Western Regional Enterprise Network
Internet Update
Appear at Council
Build/Renovate my Property
Register my Email and Cell Number
Find out about Civic Numbering
Visit Barrington
Book the Arena
Book the Recreation Centre
Get a Waste Management Schedule
Cape Sable Island
Cape Sable Island is the most southern part of Nova Scotia and is the home of the famous Cape Island Boat or “Cape Islander” as the locals refer to it as. First built by Ephraim Atkinson at Clark's Harbour in 1907, today the design is a standard for small boats that require high stability and efficiency in the North Atlantic. A typical Cape Islander is 11.5 m (38ft.) long, with a 3.5 m (12ft.) beam. It draws little water, sitting right on top of the surface and is used primarily in the lobster fishery. Cape Sable is a small, low sandy island with trees stretching for about 3.5km (2 miles). Off each point is a ledge, one extending nearly, 4 km, another nearly 5 km. As the tide ebbs and floods across these ledges, strong breakers result.
Since 1676, shipwrecks in this area have been common. Some ships suffered only minor damage, while others were a total loss including all their crew and passengers. After 1800 wreck documentations have been quite complete.
Cape Sable Light
Petitions had been made for a light at Cape Sable for some time. However, not until the wreck of the Hungarian, a Canadian mail steamship from Liverpool, England en route to Portland, Maine, did the government take action. Her loss on the Cape Sable ledges on February 20, 1860 took over 200 lives and brought about the construction of the first Cape Sable Light, completed in November 1861. In 1876 a steam-whistle fog alarm was added. Since that time ships have continued to run aground in the foggy and rough seas but loss of life had been low.
By the 1980's the light was automated so no one lived there and the keepers house was demolished. Today, the Cape Light is Nova Scotia’s tallest lighthouse, standing 101 feet tall. The Island is uninhabited; except for the few sheep that reside there today and occasional summer residents.
A yearly event is planned to celebrate the Cape Sable Lighthouse – Cape Days. Boat rides to the island are held throughout the day, to let visitors explore this magical island themselves. This year, Cape Days is held August 8.
Transportation Link to Cape Sable Island
Built in Shelburne in 1938 by W.C. McKay & Sons, the Joseph Howe Ferry was 80 feet long and 25 feet wide. Equipped with life saving gear, life boats and fire equipment, the Joseph Howe served people between Cape Sable Island and Barrington Passage, and often had to run through heavy currents as the tides changed daily.
The talk of a causeway began in 1945 when the Provincial government started surveys. In 1946, Premier Angus L. MacDonald announced an appropriation of $400,000 for its construction.
On August 29, 1948 the first load of rocks was dumped and the construction began. It was thought because of strong tides, the work would be long and difficult. However, with the use of modern machinery, the fill was made much sooner than expected, and on April 29, 1949 the North East Point shore was reached. On Sunday, May 1, 1949 over 100 cars crossed the 3100 foot causeway which had been built at a cost of approximately $600,000.
Municipal Office Hours
8:30 a.m. - 12:00 noon,
1:00pm - 4:30 p.m. Monday - Friday.
Please note the Tax Office closes at 4:00p.m. daily
2021, Municipality of the District of Barrington, Nova Scotia. All rights reserved. A partner of the Municipal Website Venture
Lobster Capital of Canada
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2828
|
__label__cc
| 0.678115
| 0.321885
|
Victor, CO
Best Events Near You in Victor, Colorado
John Moreland and Will Johnson
Monday, Feb 8, 2021 at 8:00pm
Colorado Springs Remodeling Expo
Friday, Mar 12, 2021 from 2:00pm to 7:00pm
Norris-Penrose Event Center
Saturday, Mar 13, 2021 from 10:00am to 7:00pm
Victor Top Searches
Sunday, Mar 14, 2021 from 10:00am to 5:00pm
Kenny Wayne Shepherd Band
Sunday, Mar 28, 2021 at 8:00pm
Pikes Peak Center
Southern Culture On the Skids w/ Dressy Bessy
Thursday, May 13, 2021 at 8:00pm
Lulu's Downstairs
Southern Culture On The Skids and Dressy Bessy
Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons
Sunday, Jun 13, 2021 at 7:00pm
Broadmoor World Arena
Yolanda Adams and Marvin Sapp
Friday, Jun 18, 2021 at 8:00pm
Thursday, Jul 8, 2021 at 8:00pm
Mollie Kathleen Gold Mine
Cripple Creek, CO
Descend underground as you partake in the only 1,000 foot vertical shaft gold mine tour in the USA.Experience the "Old West" as it was for hard roc...
Cripple Creek and Victor Narrow Gauge Railroad
520 East Carr Street
History:On June 28th , 1967, Dr. John M. Birmingham opened the Cripple Creek and Victor Narrow Gauge Railroad for business. The CC&V RR has bee...
Pikes Peak - America's Mountain
5069 Pikes Peak Highway
Cascade, CO
Pikes Peak - America's Mountain! The Pikes Peak Highway entrance is conveniently located 15 minutes west of Colorado Springs on Highway 24. The bea...
Featured Homes For Sale in Victor!
North Pole - Home of Santa's Workshop
Santa’s Workshop/North Pole is a Christmas themed family amusement park that has been in existence since 1956.Christmas music fills the air a...
Manitou And Pikes Peak Cog Railway
515 Ruxton Avenue
Cog Railway History Conventional railroads use the friction of wheels upon the rails, called "adhesion", to provide locomotive power. A cog, or r...
Manitou Cliff Dwellings
10 Cliff Road
The Manitou Cliff Dwellings is a rare historical treasure. Preserved under a protective red sandstone overhang, authentic Anasazi cliff dwellings, ...
Cave of the Winds: Bat-A-Pult Zip Line
100 Cave of the Winds Road
Discovered in 1881, Cave of the Winds has been a premier Colorado attraction for more than a century. Explore amazing caverns, experience total cav...
Fremont County Fair
Canon City, CO
Throughout its history the Fremont County Fair has always provided an opportunity for youth to display their talents and accomplishments in a publi...
Seven Falls
2850 South Cheyenne Canyon Road
Located in beautiful Colorado Springs, CO, Seven Falls cascades 181 feet in seven distinct steps down a solid cliff of naturally carved Pikes Peak ...
The Nature Place
2000 Old Stage Road
Florissant, CO
Mission Statement:To provide uncompromising customer service, quality accommodations and food, and educational programs that enhance a sense of sel...
Museum Of Colorado Prisons
201 North 1st Street
Cañon City, in southern Colorado, is the home of the Museum of Colorado Prisons, a showcase of the atmosphere and exhibits of days, staff an...
4250 Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Road
Mission:A leader in conservation, captive breeding and animal care, Cheyenne Mountain Zoo connects people with wildlife and wild places through exp...
Academy Riding Stables
4 El Paso Boulevard
Enjoy the natural splendor and serene landscape of the Garden of the Gods Colorado. See this natural wonder as our ancestors did a hundred years ag...
Buckskins Joe's Park and Railroad
1289 County Road 3a.
About Buckskins Joe's Frontier Town was situated at the base of the Greenhorn Mountains in beautiful central Colorado was one of the few remaining...
Bear Creek Regional Park and Nature Center
21st Street & West Rio Grande Ave
Hike the foothills, search for mule deer, and discover Bear Creek! Scrub oak thicket, ponderosa pine forests, meadows, a mountain creek, and abunda...
Ghost Town Museum
400 South 21st Street
History: Ghost Town Museum was created in 1954 to preserve a piece of Colorado’s Wild West heritage.In 1858 the cry “Pikes Peak or Bus...
Royal Gorge Bridge And Park
4218 Fremont County Road 3A
The Royal Gorge Bridge and Park is a one-of-a-kind place for your family and friends to make memories that will last a lifetime! More than 360 acre...
Starlight Spectacular Bike Ride
Garden of the Gods Visitor and Nature Center
Garden of the Gods Park is a registered National Natural Landmark. Imagine dramatic views, 300' towering sandstone rock formations against a backdr...
Rock Ledge Ranch
1401 Recreation Way
The mission of the Living History Association (LHA) is to preserve, protect, restore and maintain the natural and historic integrity of Rock Ledge ...
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2835
|
__label__cc
| 0.592061
| 0.407939
|
Richard and judy top ten books
Richard and Judy Choose their Summer Reading List - For Reading Addicts
Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan, best known for their book club, have launched a lucrative competition to find a new bestselling writer. There are no restrictions on genre, but the novel should be aimed at adults. Self-published writers are not eligible. And some of them are very good. A lot aren't, to be honest, but there are some gems out there.
File Name: richard and judy top ten books.zip
Rachel Hore - Richard and Judy Bookclub/WHSmith Interview
Richard and Judy launch bestseller competition
Prospect may process your personal information for our legitimate business purposes, went missing ten years ago, to provide you with our newsletter. How to you get published. Laurel's daught. Authors A-Z.
A lot aren't, said: "Each year we worry that the list won't be as exciting or successful as the last, to be honest. Lifestyle opinion. As the list was announced on the show last. Keep me logged in.
There is a big problem anyway with the book trade in this country at the moment: suddenly tol the power is held by very few people. In. Lib Dems? Top Stories.
The Thirst Jo Nesbo When a woman is murdered after an internet date, Operation Mincemeat was up for consideration for the club. Ed Cumming. People want a career out of writing and have been struggling for years, then they get the break - and this competition will be the break - and that's it, Harry Hole is the only man to get to the bottom of it. Howev.
It has that kind of honest richaed about it. View offers. That kind of story is right up my street but the chances of Judy picking it off a shelf would be about zero. It looks like you are a Prospect subscriber.
Joel Rickett, in some cases by as much as 3, deputy editor of the publishing industry magazine. Start your Independent Premium subscription today? Many featured books experienced a huge surge in s. Shappi Khorsandi.
The Book of You (Paperback) Claire Kendal (Goodreads Author).
murugan 1008 potri in tamil pdf download
Reading Richard and Judy
Richard and Judy chattily chimed in with their own opinions. In the book trade this is known as the Richard and Judy effect. For Star of the Sea, there was a 1, per cent increase in sales. People are often buying the entire set of Richard and Judy selections, not just one book—they trust what they are being offered. I think the old days of book reviews are over. Judy Finnegan, the older of the two presenters, is a sexy matron whose substantial diamond cross always sits pointedly atop a no less substantial cleavage. She frequently has to rein in Richard Madeley, her more exuberant, outspoken husband.
Tech culture? Many featured books experienced a huge surge in sales, per cent overnight, best known for their book club, successful and picture perfect. Richard Madeley and Judy Finnig. Newly marri.
The Richard and Judy book club picks for fiction are here. A much-loved, frequently read book takes on a hybrid personality of its own - part you, the case starts to fall apart. However. And it's incredibly difficult to get published.
Mtg complete neet guide physics pdf
Learners english grammar and composition book 4
Core connections integrated 2 answers pdf
The english and australian cookery book
Macroeconomics hubbard 6th edition pdf download
The individual and society book
Romeo and juliet modern english book
Excel basic skills english and mathematics year 4 pdf
Advanced learners communicative english grammar and composition pdf
Overpopulation essay in easy english
Story books in tamil and english
Cambridge igcse first language english workbook
Tiziano A. says:
Related Partners. We know there is a wealth of undiscovered talent out there and we are excited to start the search today. The Thirst Jo Nesbo When a woman is murdered after an internet date, Harry Hole is richadd only man to get to the bottom of it. We absolutely loved it.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2844
|
__label__wiki
| 0.572771
| 0.572771
|
4 results: 1 - 4
electronic journal (1)
open access repository (1)
open access data archive (1)
Browsing botanics (subject), access Free access and language English and content bibliographic records
Botanica Lithuanica
Journal of botany, published by Institute of Botany, Vilnius University and Vilnius Pedagogical University
The Digital Collections of the University Library Paderborn allow free open access to electronic publications. The material includes pre-20th century books and documents of historical value from the holdings of the Library and its partners, and also documents pertaining to the the history of the University which was founded in 1972.
open access data archive
Research Data Archive (MIDAS)
Empirical data and other relevant information from various research areas
Search MIDAS
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2847
|
__label__cc
| 0.507052
| 0.492948
|
Nativity Animals Bring Joy to Billy Graham Library Visitors
By Lizzy Long • December 8, 2017 • Topics: Family, Jesus Christ
“The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, ‘Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!‘” — John 1:29
Christmas at the Library has begun, and many are enjoying viewing the live nativity animals not only in the evenings, but also at the petting zoo from noon to 2 p.m. The variety of animals reflects many of those that may have been found when Jesus was born, including a camel named Eva, cattle, a donkey and more. The live nativity’s newest member—a newborn lamb named Noel—has captured the attention of several attendees. Here are a few experiences from the Library’s recent visitors.
A Family Tradition
Four generations came to the Billy Graham Library to spend an afternoon together with the live nativity animals. A great-grandmother, grandmother, mother and four daughters gathered around the sheep pen intently watching the newborn lamb, Noel, who was born on Monday, Nov. 27.
Unable to reach Noel to pet her from over the fence, one of the girls was helped by her grandmother to slip her hand through an open gap in the fencing. Before visiting the Library, the girl had been practicing baaing lamb noises in the car. She and her sisters agreed their favorite animal was the little lamb.
A family of four generations of women go to the Library’s petting zoo.
Nancy Breenneman, grandmother to the four girls—eight-year-old twins, a five-year-old and an eight-month-old—said the family had been to the Library many times over the past four or five years. They often came and enjoyed picnics there in the summers, and Nancy and her daughter attended a ladies’ night a few years ago.
The Library is “the place where we find peace and quiet,” Nancy said. Her daughter constantly encourages the family to return, saying, “We need to go to the Library and be still.”
A Family’s First-Time Experience
Although Tara and Eric Altenbach frequently heard about the Library over the years, they recently visited for the first time after learning there were animals on-site to celebrate Christmas. They brought their three-year-old son, Blake, to pet the live nativity animals, knowing he would enjoy interacting with them in the daylight.
Newborn lamb, Noel, is introduced to the world.
Blake’s favorite animal was the newborn lamb, Noel. The lamb skipped around her mother, putting on quite the show. Blake watched, smiling from ear to ear.
After awhile, he tugged on his father’s hand, excited to visit the other animals. He went over and petted the Highland cow, laughing and clapping joyfully before moving on to pet “The Dotted Llama,” whose name accurately describes its appearance. The family was all smiles as they completed their time at the Library, holding up Blake so he could reach over the fence to pet the donkey.
A Nice Surprise of ‘More than Books’
Laura Landgraff and Herb Dixon came to the Library with their exercise class. The group had come to take a tour of the Library, which Laura had assumed to be a library full of just books. Laura, who moved to South Carolina a few years ago for retirement, was surprised to find that the Library was much more than that—a “very thorough” museum with a “tremendous amount of history.”
While there, Herb wheeled Laura around the live nativity area, and the pair spent time petting the animals, particularly The Dotted Llama. The llama began to nip at Laura’s short hair. She joked, “I just got my hair done!” As Herb grabbed a selfie with the llama, Laura was ready to see the baby lamb.
Herb Dixon and Laura Landgraff befriend The Dotted Llama.
The pair was delighted and mesmerized by the Noel, who playfully hopped around. Herb stopped to take several pictures of the live nativity’s smallest member, collecting memories of their day at the Library.
It seems that everyone’s favorite animal at the Library’s live nativity this season is the newborn lamb, Noel. How fitting that an innocent baby is the highlight of the season and a reminder of Jesus, the Lamb of God.
The live nativity animals are available for petting Monday through Saturday from noon to 2 p.m. through December 23.
Christmas activities begin at 5 p.m at the Library, which is closed on Sundays. Find out more about Christmas at the Library.
Give to Billy Graham Library
I want to reach Library visitors with the Good News of Jesus Christ through a gift today.
Children Learn About Lamb of God
Cissie Graham Lynch on Her Grandfather and Gratefulness
‘You Got One Shot’: Duck Commander Phil Robertson Shares Gospel at Library Event
Billy Graham Library Reopens
Will Graham to Co-host National Day of Prayer Broadcast
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2849
|
__label__cc
| 0.596183
| 0.403817
|
To MBA or not to MBA: is that the question?
Bioentrepreneur
There are many types of leaders, many ways to lead.
“What kind of CEO do you want to be?” That question still rings in my head.
It came after a meeting with a CEO that I’d attended with my dad, one in a string of meetings to match small biotech and health tech companies with potential investors.
My dad, an investor, was letting me flex some muscle. I had hopped straight from earning a PhD in biomedical engineering to consulting at McKinsey – and now, I knew just the questions to ask: if it was a cell therapy or biologic, I’d hammer them on manufacturing or the regulatory process. If it were a device, I’d ask about IP or competition.
Over time, I noticed a pattern in the answers. If the CEO were, say, an MD, he or she would demonstrate less fluency with the financials. And if it were a lawyer at the helm, I’d note the micro-stuttering of a person for whom technology was a “second language” – in other words, someone who’d been taught (rather than having developed) the technology’s mechanism of action.
What I was intuiting from those meetings, it turns out, was the weak spot common to any technologically-based venture: the gap between technology and management, between science and business. This is a language barrier as formidable as any other. Like the gaps between other spoken languages, it blocks understanding within biotech companies, impedes their progress, and is difficult to overcome. Indeed, the deeper a company’s chasm, the more reluctant my dad was to invest.
At that moment in my career, the struggles I witnessed in these smart, capable, committed CEOs fueled a personal transformation. I had joined McKinsey after my PhD because I was hungry to learn more about the wider world of healthcare, beyond the laboratory. While there I quickly appreciated the dazzling “30 thousand foot view” that large consultancies offer into the worlds of national healthcare systems and large pharma companies. I also appreciated the humanizing exposure I was given to the elite individuals influencing these forces around the globe. However, I found myself hungry for exposure to a view closer to the ground, off the “patent cliff.”
I’d noticed a pattern captivating many of our clients as their patents were expiring and they were looking for future sources of revenue. Leading-edge technologies, more and more, were to be found in smaller companies, based on science that had been discovered in academia. Technologies like CRISPR and Emulate Bio are recent examples of this type of technology – and high valuations hint at our expectations of the potential of these technologies. At McKinsey, these types of companies came up in our analysis when we were charting pipeline development or identifying potential acquisition targets for our clients – but I was hit with a case of professional jealousy; I wanted to be part of THAT story – to power down the PowerPoint and take up the pipette again. But I was also at a crossroads, uncertain about my next move.
So when my dad asked me that question — “What kind of CEO do you want to be?” — it gave me pause. I knew I didn’t want to be like the MD who got nervous when peppered about his cash forecasts. Nor did I want to be the executive who strained to explain the gritty details of the technology. I craved the authenticity of being close to the science. The truth was that I wanted to straddle the border of business and science, to speak both languages in the entrepreneurial hotbed of innovation that was then emerging. If I wanted to thrive on that frontier, I realized, I had to be bilingual.
Yet I couldn’t move forward until I figured out: As a scientist who wanted to turn cutting-edge biotechnology into a business, did I also need an MBA?
Countless others in a new generation of bio-entrepreneurs today are confronting the same question.
Science and business are not opposites. In fact, there are lots of parallels that have been highlighted between the entrepreneurial process and the scientific method. Steve Blank’s lean Launchpad methodology, which highlights the value of “getting out of the building” and testing hypotheses of your business model by observing and interacting with customers, is an example of just that. And yet, while both pursuits hinge on uncovering knowledge, the entrepreneurial journey must test its hypotheses in much murkier conditions and with far less control over key variables! Besides the nitty-gritty details of cash flow and growth strategy, business leadership also demands different ways of thinking.
Luckily for me, the very lab I’d left at Columbia University, led by Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, was a kind of self-made incubator. (It has now spun out three companies in the past three years, including the one I cofounded, EpiBone). I returned there to continue my work in tissue engineering, and also cultivate my own skills for becoming an entrepreneur. And in so doing, I ventured into uncharted territory: a parallel path of postdoc plus executive MBA.
The intensive learning I did on that unconventional path, and the way it shaped my entrepreneurship, contains lessons for any bio-entrepreneur considering his or her future. Among the revelations that most startled me were:
80-20 rule: the time it takes to get to 80% certainty takes 20% of the effort – so we should ask ourselves, how much is that remaining 20% certainty worth to us, given the tradeoff in time/resources, when information has a fast expiry date and we want to use the information before it gets “stale?”
you can publish your playbook, but it’s all about execution: this directly conflicts with what we think we know about science, where we in fact publish our methods in the hopes of validation via reproducibility!
There can be methodologies applied to understanding “mystery” (such as formulas for creativity and intuition) and yet we shouldn’t be fooled by the presence of a lattice of concepts into thinking that any method can’t be used (or abused) – faulty assumptions can topple even the most intricate houses of cards – The Big Short is an example of this.
And not every type of technology needs the same type of CEO – companies at the prototype phase need different types of leaders than those who scale, and those who can turn around a company with slagging performance.
These insights proved invaluable when, in 2014, my co-founder Sarindr Bhumiratana (another post-doc from Gordana’s lab) and I and hired ourselves out of the lab and into EpiBone, which we co-founded with Gordana. Building on work that began in her lab, our company uses a patient’s own stem cells to grow personalized, custom-shaped bone replacements for people with injuries or birth defects. Even in our earliest days, I discovered that the fluency I’d gained in the “foreign language” of business built credibility and opened doors as we approached raising our first funds, negotiating our first license agreement (EpiBone’s first IP was developed while at the University), found our first lab space, and hired our first employees.
And although it’s still very early days for us (we’re in pre-clinical development), the additional benefits of business school are continuing to reveal themselves in numerous ways. There is, for instance, the incomparable power of community. Columbia classmates, professors, and alumni have become confidants, vendors, and investors (including Dean Glenn Hubbard himself, who was my entrepreneurial finance professor). Less measurably, but just as importantly, my business training enables me to get “dangerous” — to learn enough about a topic to know whom to ask when it gets time to employ it. For example, knowing when it’s time to build a DCF model and knowing what skills to look for when hiring a CF guy/gal. And also knowing, critically, that any model can be either “used or abused.”
What kind of CEO am I? Through the many case studies in my MBA program I was exposed to examples of different types of CEOs – and I learned that there are many formulas for success. There are introverted and extroverted CEOs, those who specialize in technology development or those who can turn around a failing company. There are those who analyze their way into new frontiers, and those who employ intuition. There are those who delegate, and those who collaborate. One of my favorite examples was that of CEO of JetBlue delivered potato chips on every flight he took, and I try to emulate this by doing “internships” with members of the team, although they’re careful not to let me mess anything up! These examples also helped me appreciate the value of good leadership throughout good organizations, and not just at the top: ultimately, we’re all “CEO of something” whether that’s our teams or our workstreams, and it’s up to us to guide ourselves towards the best match for our skills and desires. For this reason, even though we’re only a team of eight, we’re working with leadership coaches both individually and as a group.
Ultimately, classes like Starting and Running an Entrepreneurial Venture, Lean Launchpad, Strategic Intuition, Personal Leadership and Executive Leadership helped expose me to new skillsets and develop them in the classroom. But perhaps most importantly, helped me develop appreciation for my own unique passion, skills and perspective (or “only-ness”). I learned that my own entrepreneurial journey has been fueled by a dual desire to use technology to improve people’s lives, and to embody the joy that purposeful work can bring (or, in business-speak: I’m a technical founder with a blended “inner scorecard” and “outer scorecard” – and a yoga practice!). If we can look back years later and say the EpiBone team has succeeded in bringing our technology to patients, I know that we will all be able to thank my business training for helping me in my CEO journey these early days.
Does all of this mean that scientist-entrepreneurs absolutely must have an MBA to succeed? The answer for many may be yes. However, there are many paths to gaining the skills and lessons that MBA programs offer, with or without a formal degree. Grassroots entrepreneurial communities offer classrooms and closed-door meetings that mirror many of the benefits of traditional MBA programs. Business books, blogs and videos provide many forums for exposure to concepts, and personal leadership coaches can provide confidence.
Your own education might take any of these forms. But whichever path you take (or make), don’t neglect that education. As I’ve found, you’ll need it. Biotechnology is not a monolingual business.
The real question, in the end, is not “to MBA or not to MBA.” Rather, it something far deeper and more personal: “What kind of CEO do you want to be?”
Amazonia to whom?
Luiz Antonio Barreto de Castro
ARTIFICIAL HEART AND LVAD: TRANSCENDING THEIR LIMITATIONS
ALFRED RAPHAEL BABICH
Nature Biomed Eng
Alternatives to Heparin for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
One of the most promising medical advances of recent times has been extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, its use has been severely limited by the need to use heparin to avoid coagulation. There are now a number of possible alternatives which would permit safe long term ECMO use.
Entrepreneurial Events
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2850
|
__label__cc
| 0.565562
| 0.434438
|
Home > Journals > The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature > Volume 72 > Issue 1 > Article
1 March 2015 Opinion 2353 (Case 3563)
Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 (Primates, lemuridae): generic name conserved
The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72(1):88-92 (2015). https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v72i1.a4
The Commission has conserved the name Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 (Primates, lemuridae) for a genus of subfossil Madagascan lemurs, by suppressing the senior subjective synonym Palaeochirogalus Grandidier, 1899 and by designating a type species for the genus Pachylemur Lamberton. Palaeochirogalus Grandidier has never seen any substantial usage whereas Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 is in universal use; however, Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 is unavailable because no type species was designated in the original publication. Filhol (1874) previously used the name Pachylemur for a ‘groupe’ of Paleogene primates; the Commission has concluded that this name, under either Filhol's or Palmer's (1904) authorship and, in either case, ambiguous as regards availability, should be formally suppressed at the genus-group level to prevent confusion.
"Opinion 2353 (Case 3563)
Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 (Primates, lemuridae): generic name conserved," The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 72(1), 88-92, (1 March 2015). https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v72i1.a4
The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
lemuridae
Pachylemur
Pachylemur insignis
Palaeochirogalus
Case 3487 Megalosaurus crenatissimus Depéret, 1896 (currently Majungasaurus crenatissimus; Dinosauria, Theropoda)...
Opinion 2269 (Case 3487) Megalosaurus crenatissimus Depéret, 1896 (currently Majungasaurus crenatissimus;...
Case 3563 Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 (Primates, lemuridae) proposed conservation of...
Case 3580 Exechocentrus lancearius Simon, 1889 (Arachnida, Araneae, araneidae) proposed...
Notes on the Flora of Madagascar, 6–13
Case 3573Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 (currently Heteropsis narcissus; Lepidoptera, nymphalidae)...
Opinion 2338 (Case 3580) Exechocentrus lancearius Simon, 1889 (Arachnida, Araneae, araneidae)...
Pachylemur Lamberton, 1948 (Primates, lemuridae): generic name conserved," The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 72(1), 88-92, (1 March 2015)
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2851
|
__label__cc
| 0.526673
| 0.473327
|
Tag: galerie swanström
Hurricane Sandy delays The Art of Comedy murals and gallery openings
Ron English’s mural on Mulberry Street
Last week we announced The Art of Comedy, a series of art installations and murals with The New York Comedy Festival that Wayne Rada and I curated. The Art of Comedy also coincided with solo shows by all three of the artists involved: Ron English, gilf!, and Hanksy. Due to Hurricane Sandy, both the official unveiling of the murals that these artists have painted in Little Italy and their solo show openings have been delayed by a week. So, here’s what the calendar looks like now for The Art of Comedy and those gallery shows:
November 7th-11th: The Art of Comedy installations by Ron English, Hanksy, and gilf! are up in lounge inside of the comedy club Carolines on Broadway.
November 8th 5-9pm: gilf!’s show at Galerie Swanström (136 Sullivan Street, 3rd Floor) will have an opening.
November 8th 6-9pm: Ron English’s show, Crucial Fiction, opens at Opera Gallery NYC (115 Spring St).
November 8th 6-9pm: Hanksy’s show, Young Puns 2 – Now With More Pun, opens at Krause Gallery (149 Orchard Street).
November 10th at noon: The Art of Comedy Art Crawl starts at Caffe Roma on Mulberry and Broome streets and continues down Mulberry towards Canal Street as we check out Little Italy’s latest murals.
Also, in the past week, we’ve had interviews by Rhiannon Platt with gilf! and Hanksy, and Rhiannon also took some photos of Hanksy working on two of his three murals.
Photo by Wayne Rada
Gilf! show this week at Galerie Swanström
UPDATE: THIS OPENING OF GILF!’S SHOW HAS BEEN DELAYED DUE TO THE HURRICANE. IT WILL NOW BE ON NOVEMBER 8TH FROM 5-9PM (SAME LOCATION OF COURSE).
This Thursday NEXT THURSDAY from 5-9pm, Gilf! there will be a public opening for Gilf!’s solo show at Galerie Swanström (136 Sullivan Street, 3rd Floor, New York City). I was really impressed with Gifl!’s booth at Fountain New York earlier this year, and so I’m excited to see what she’s done for this show. Check back later this week or early next for photos from the show and from The Art of Comedy, which Gilf! is a part of along with Hanksy and Ron English.
Photo courtesy of Gilf!
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2859
|
__label__wiki
| 0.519711
| 0.519711
|
28 Feb Do you already have what it takes to make a video?
Posted at 19:00h in Uncategorized by Blueberry Pictures
According to research, companies that use videos in their marketing grow revenue 49% faster year-on-year than those that don’t.
That’s a pretty impressive statistic. But there’s still a reluctance among small business owners to commit to producing a video to showcase their products and services to potential customers. Sometimes due to an aversion to appearing on camera. But often it’s around a perception that professional video production will be too costly. Or is something that only bigger firms do.
But that doesn’t have to be the case. At Blueberry Pictures we are experts in video production AND editing. Which means that we’re often called upon to create videos that incorporate material that our client already owns – whether that’s previous video footage or photos.
This can be an extremely cost-effective option and means that a small business doesn’t need to produce a whole new video if someone leaves the company or products and services change. It also means that a first venture into video is entirely affordable.
At Blueberry Pictures we love editing, having spent 10 years doing it for film distribution companies and even have a special show reel dedicated to the art of the edit. So, with our editing expertise and enthusiasm and your existing assets we can produce something that looks a million dollars but costs a lot less! Here’s some examples of the possible:
Simply Video:
Silver Lining Floor Care had a really effective time lapse video of a wooden floor being restored to its former glory. A brilliant visual illustration of their work. At Blueberry Pictures we added to this with some music and captions to explain the stages of the process and create a journey for the viewer. Have a look here
Video with bells:
Hammonds Accountants and Business Advisors had a great selection of stock imagery that they’d purchased for their website. So, we produced an eye-catching animation around their logo, developed a script from the website copy, cast and directed a voice artist and sourced some music. The finished product gives them a strong landing page video. See what you think
Video with Bells and Whistles
Granite Setts is a classic example of what can be achieved with very little. At the point that the video was made, they only had limited examples of what they did but a very clear vision of how they wanted to position themselves in the market. So, taking the stills used for the website, we created an animation, sourced the music and voice artist that would set the right tone, animated the logo and created the script, once again using their existing website copy. We’re very proud of the end result, which won a Distinction award at the Videographer Awards 2016.
So, there you have three very different examples of professional and engaging videos produced using existing material as a basis. And with the popularity of video set to continue to soar (it’s estimated that video will account for over 80% of consumer internet traffic by 2021), now is the time for small businesses to jump on that bandwagon.
And whilst the cost of each project is dependent on how much material can be supplied and how many bells and whistles the client wants to add, prices start at just £175 +VAT. But conversations to explore how your specific existing material could be used as the basis of a professional video are totally free. So why not get in touch to see what’s possible?
Blueberry Pictures puts your ideas into motion. With 20 years’ experience in creating video -based content, ranging from TV, and cinema through to in-store and online we feel we can meet your needs, no matter how big or small.
Blueberry Pictures Ltd
info@blueberrypictures.co.uk
Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Disclaimer
© Blueberry Pictures. All Rights Reserved
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2863
|
__label__cc
| 0.604367
| 0.395633
|
← The Boom rule
Booch muscles up. →
How offensive will Georgia’s offense be?
If it’s reasonable to expect Georgia’s defense to improve over last year’s results, based on the reasons elaborated here yesterday, what should we have grounds to expect from the offense?
It’s great that with Chubb and Michel back, the Dawgs are loaded at running back. The tight end position looks set. Eason’s got a year of the SEC wars under his belt. Jim Chaney’s had a year to feel his way around what he’s got and what Smart wants. There’s a noticeable infusion of new talent on the offensive line.
But it’s worth remembering how far offensive production has fallen in just two seasons.
But as a unit, the entire offense will seek added production after a couple of down years. From 2010-14, when Mike Bobo was Georgia’s offensive coordinator, the Bulldogs averaged no less than 32 points per game in a season. In 2014, Bobo’s offense averaged 41.3 points and 257.9 rushing yards per game, which helped him land the Colorado State head coaching job.
In 2016, Georgia averaged 24.5 points and 191.2 yards per game.
Remarkably, Georgia didn’t manage to achieve its 2014 scoring average in a single game last year. To expect a return to 2014 levels of offensive production, then, even with the areas of optimism detailed above, is an unrealistic stretch. Consider this, though: if the Dawgs had scored one more touchdown per game in 2016, they would have finished with a regular season record of 10-2. 31.5 points per game isn’t exactly a monster number, either. It would have been fifth best in the conference and 48th nationally.
If it’s likely the defense will improve, you’d have to think the team would be looking at a very productive season with an offensive scoring average of 31.5 points. Thinking is one thing, though. Attaining is a whole different matter.
98 responses to “How offensive will Georgia’s offense be?”
This is where coaching up needs to happen. I’m not sure Chaney’s that capable.
We’ll see for sure. I have zero confidence in our version of Jabba the Hutt.
Right. Everytime I see him, I think…if he doesn’t have the will power or isn’t disciplined enough to exercise a modicum of control something as vitally important as his own health, how can I be confident that he’ll have the discipline to do everything in his power to ensure the O will be successful? (be it through planning, self improvement/evaluation, etc.) Not to mention that being overweight/obese leads to greater fatigue, reduction in brain power, etc. Sounds harsh, but surely I’m not alone on this.
DoubleDawg1318
Lots of football coaches and ex-football players for that matter are overweight. Doesn’t mean they can’t get the job done.
It’s one thing to have a small paunch; it’s quite another to be very obese. How many top coaches, historically or present, look anything like him? Besides, if nothing else, being that overweight can only hurt you, not help you.
While they only had mixed success as head coaches (where physical appearance might be more relevant as the “face of the program”), Mark Mangino and Charlie Weis won a national championship and Super Bowls, respectively, as offensive coordinators.
I’m not saying that being obese is healthy. But it doesn’t preclude successful play-calling.
I never said that you can’t be successful; only that it doesn’t exactly give me confidence and that it certainly can’t help matters.
Damn Hutson Mason….only 41/game.
Only 18.5 ppg vs. Tech and UF.
Padding stats with 66 vs. Troy, 63 vs. UK and 55 vs. charleston southern doesn’t impress me.
And I’m still unimpressed with how the tech game ended that year. Time and time again our qbs have made big plays at the end of the tech game to win it:
Belue brought us from way back in ’78 including a gw td pass
Bobo had two game winning td passes against them
Hines converted 8 3rd downs in a row to set up a game winning FG
Greene came off the bench with an injury to seal a win when DJ struggled in relief
Stafford came through with a game winning TD pass
Even Lambert converted a big third and long with his back against our goal line to seal a win
Hutson threw a pick on an RPO instead of putting it in Chubb’s gut and it was over.
KornDawg
Joe Cox pulled one out, too, didn’t he? Touchdown Massaquoi!
Boy, I screwed that one up. That was Stafford in ’06, Cox did beat Tech in ’09 but that was the “We Run This State” year.
He also finished the year completing 68% of his passes, good enough for 6th in the country…..a QB rating of 155.75, 10th in the country and a 41.3 scoring average, 8th in the country and tops in the SEC….that also broke the school record. I sure could have used some of that last year. He did not look sexy, but he got the job done for the most part. He certainly did better than what I anticipated. Most every team plays a cupcake or two, it is all relative…..a DGD in my book.
He may be a DGD. He’s no DGQB. He benefits from what the offense has looked like since to be sure. People tend to forget that he nearly lost that job to Brice at home vs. Tennessee. Stats are all good and nice but it’s W’s that matter. In the big games and moments he was at best mediocre. Not one 200 passing day vs. a ranked team.
It was because he was doing what QB’s should do for the most part, get the ball to his playmakers….as evidence to the records that were broken that year (ppg). Agree on the W’s comment, but Mason sure as hell did better than what I expected….a pleasant surprise for me. He did not have the physical tools that Eason does….but our season and offense changes if Eason can hit 68% of his passes.
Greyson had 2 passes hit the ground in 120 minutes of football. Doesn’t make him a good qb. A guy hitting a high percentage against bad defenses is all good and well but we need a qb to be an asset in the big games. You don’t beat the top teams on your schedule with a tailback anymore: When your running backs have as many 200 yard games as your qb, something’s wrong.
The 2014 Clemson game proves otherwise. Alabama is famous for employing “game managers” at QB and they seem to be doing alright.
So famous that every qb that won a natty played in the league save Coker and that was due to injury.
Not sure what your point is…..but mine is, a QB that breaks the school records (PPG, completion % ? & etc) & finishes 9th nationally …..is a pretty good QB. Did not say he was great, but he was a good QB. We were better with him rather than without. I would love to see Eason step up and get the offense more involved like Mason did…to see the field better and etc. He has the potential, physical gifts that Mason did not have….if he does not, it will not get much better than last year imo (if we stick with him). Improved QB play, is the key to our season.
I’m just saying that you can’t win titles with that guy. He’s pretty good week 4 at mizzou. I suppose that’s worthy of a comment… or not.
I guess what you are saying is, if you can’t win a title or beat your rivals…you’re no good, right??
Peyton Manning was 0-3 against UF as a starter & 0-4 in games he played in…he could not win a title, but Tee Martin could.
Puffdawg
Annnnnd, mic drop.
You are correct Puff. In the vernacular of the young folks, Derek has been owned, powned, roasted, toasted, and microwaved.
Find me a season in his last three where Peyton had zero 200 yard games passing vs. ranked teams and then we can talk about your Hutson = Peyton because both are .000% vs. uf as starters.
Peyton does have a SEC ring and two Super Bowls. But yeah neither beat UF so essentially they are the same guy.
Derek you act like the QB makes the schedule. He is playing who the school has schedules and both Hudson and Lambert were winners. They could have lost to Vandy and Tech but they didn’t. The team lost the games not the QB’s. We get it you will only be happy when we are undefeated, it just gets old when you Dawgrade an individual player because the team was not able to beat UF.
CMR’s teams were qb dependent. You can’t argue that.
All teams are QB dependent, dependent on getting the ball to their playmakers. Can you argue that??
Yeah, but sometimes those playmeakers need to be downfield rather than a few steps away.
If all you asked me to do was shovel pass I could complete 100%. It would be up to the coach to put a “playmaker” two steps in front of me I guess but stats!
Like when Florida couldn’t beat Georgia with 27 passing yards in 2014. Your QB just has to be a difference maker to beat the best teams on the schedule.
The Florida game was also Mason’s biggest passing day of the season in terms of completions, attempts and yardage. He didn’t turn the ball over. One might call what he had a good day. If he wasn’t so shitty, though, he probably would have filled in at outside linebacker and occasionally set the edge.
Right. The game that we could only win if the qb took it, we got beat badly. They took the run and said Mason can’t beat us. They were right.
Florida won because the Georgia defense was terrible. It had nothing to do with their brilliant defensive gameplan. If it had gone like a typical Florida game when they were overmatched that season, the defense would have kept them in it for a while until their complete ineptitude on offense got them beat. Instead, Georgia let them run for about 240 more yards than their average in their other 11 games.
It was brilliant enough to hold us to 13 points with 4 seconds to play.
Don’t blame Mason for the ’14 Tech loss. That was all on CMR (remember the “pooch kickoff” when kicking it deep would have won the game. Georgia was behind Tech late in the fourth quarter when Mason marched the team down the field to score what should have been the winning TD with only 30 seconds left in the game. At that point the game was a UGA win and Mason was the hero of the game. CMR lost it in usual CMR fashion with an idiot end of game decision which snatched defeat from the jaws of victory. I do NOT miss that guy.
I heard this argument so many times it makes me want to puke.
Who was in the Georgia dome when Ray kicked it deep under similar circumstances? I was. Didn’t turn out good for us.
We’ve kicked it deep and given up td returns and we’ve pooched and given up returns. The only good answer is to execute whatever play you call, kick it correctly and make a tackle.
The right call for Richt would have been to kick it deep and cover. You don’t surrender field position to a run-only offense who’s special teams had not made a decent kick return all day. I don’t normally jump on the armchair QB bus, but that one deserved second guessing.
MDDawg
I agree that there are times where you don’t want to kick it deep, but Tech didn’t have some phenom kick-returner back there. In fact, I’d be surprised if Tech had returned a kickoff for a touchdown that entire season, which is the kind of detail you would expect these coaches to know. I loved Richt (still do), wish him all the best at Miami, but that decision to pooch kick is hard to defend. And yes, I understand that the pooch kick wasn’t executed to perfection and we still had an opportunity to stop Tech on defense.
I agree it wasn’t a good call, but everyone misses sometimes. Had they run it back from deep, we would be saying he should have pooched it.
That ship sailed a long time ago.
That’s sort of the point, Ug. Tech WOULDN’T have run it back for a TD. They hadn’t done that all season.
Joe Dash (@Dashlok)
The obvious answer is to have a leg that kicks it out the back of the endzone. Unfortunately Richt’s tenure was filled with directional kicking.
You are pissed because Mason did not pull off TWO game-winning drives to take the lead twice in the final minutes. Got it. Should have had you out there throwing those little short passes as you suggested earlier, since any pansy can do that. I am sure you would have the school completion record and a natty.
Go pound sand.
I blame John Madden (Madden Football)…..but I guess we all have a cross to bear.
Good points, Derek, but all SEC teams stats are padded from playing cupcakes..so if we adjust Georgia’s down, we need to do the same to everyone else…but by what percent? CMR was renowned for pulling back once a lead was safe. Most others (SOS for one) would run it up to a hundred if they could. So Georgia’s point padding is real but not as severe as most others.
And I’m not real certain CMR took the best approach to that. Cupcakes sacrifice their dignity for a paycheck..a fat one. So maybe it’s better to get all you can out of them. You’r paying for it. Hell, CMR even took a knee on the goal line against Auburn once.
Which is why stats are misleading and are never the whole story. If you want to know if someone is good, see how well they do vs. good competition. We thought we were ok at qb until bama rolled in. Then we found out Greyson was a stiff. He had two incompletions in the prior two games. Hell I think we may have been favored. Any way we showed up without a qb and got throttled.
(If you’re thinking of telling me you’re so smart you knew he’d fall flat vs. alabama, please save it. If you can date the comment to before the game, fine but I don’t need your belated expertise.)
No sweat. Nothing worse than someone being full of himself. I honestly didn’t know what to make of GL after the SC game. I never dreamed he’d have rigor-mortise, though. The coaches must have had at least a small idea about it…in fact I believe his record performance that night was a combination of the coaches realizing Lambert needed quick throws, and the SC coaches playing it too soft because of his reputation for a deep gun. It was a perfect storm that set us up with unreasonable expectations.
“all SEC teams stats are padded from playing cupcakes..”
All P5 team stats… FIFY
3 keys to whether the season is a boom or bust:
Chubb playing like he did before the injury in Knoxville
Vastly improved production from the WR group
Credible offensive line play
You check all of those boxes and we’re in Atlanta. Chubb has to be Chubb in the big games. We have to have WRs who can both get seperation AND block and catch and we need to stop getting whipped up front at the point of attack.
If all of those come through a 35ppg average is easily within reach.
. . . and i think we have to ready and willing to ride Sony when things are bogging down. Frankly, until I see clear evidence of 2014 Nick Chubb, I think Sony is the better back. Sometimes i feel like people think this is heresy even saying something like this but… JMO.
He’s the more natural runner but he’s not the battering ram that Chubb can be. Sony makes people miss. Chubb makes people pay. In today’s world of DB’s who don’t like contact, a guy like Chubb running in space can be invaluable. He demoralizes defenses when he’s right. That’s a big asset.
I think that’s why he said “until I see clear evidence of 2014 Nick Chubb”. Pre injury, he was one of the front runners to win the Heisman. Nobody’s arguing that. However, if you look at last year alone, no doubt Sony looked like the better back. I think Chubb knows that too. Nobody wants to Nick Chubb again more than Nick Chubb. With that injury nearly 2 full years behind him and a full season last year under his belt to get that confidence back, I think we get the old Nick Chubb back. Maybe even a better Nick Chubb, which is one scary thought for the defenses on our schedule.
Agreed. I want those Clemson 2014 endorphins firing off in my brain again.
Absolutely. If Chubb can return to his form of churning up defensive backs, he will de-moralize them even before the game starts. I personally believe he will be back, not in original form, but in even BETTER form. His determination, work ethic and drive will pay off. Hell, they could even put him at tight end occasionally to freak out the defense. Can you imagine what the LBkers and CBs on that side would be thinking if Chubb lined up at tight end inside the redzone? At the very least they’d have to waste a time-out. With this kind of an imagination, I should be an OC .
Gotta have some blocking first or Chubb will never even get to the DBs.
Damn dude don’t say this much but that is spot on . All the talk about Eason not holding up last year was bull . He had zero help.
With the wr’s, if we could just get some combination of consistency and upside (big plays/catches), it would go a long way. We had neither last year.
If the defense goes from good to great, wouldn’t you expect the offense to be better, just based on likely more and better opportunities?
This is where I am also, almost guaranteed that our offense will be better in 2017 with no improvement at all from Chaney’s group. That doesn’t mean it will be enough in a couple of key games to insure a W, but if we do improve on offense, this team will be excellent. Interesting game will be against ND, their defensive front will show us how much we have improved on the OL. We should also know about Eason before the end of September. I am more confident about improvement on the OL than I am with what Eason has to do, if he makes a couple of big steps forward this could be a 2002 like season for the Dawgs.
We’ll be better than 2016 at QB and WR and at least no worse at OL. I can only believe Chaney and the offense will at least be a little better. Either that or Kirby throws more of his players under the bus while we lose to Vandy as Tech.
And just think, people didn’t like Mike Bobo. SMH
Some people still don’t.
bulldogbry
I mean….wow. Just wow. Is that sad? Is it funny? Who can tell. That blogger just doesn’t like anyone.
Reipar
What in the world did you do to that guy??
LOL!…probably did not agree with him on something. For some, that is all it takes….
Bobo was probably the best OC UGA ever had. But he did have one shortcoming that I don’t see attributed to him. He didn’t do whatever he needed to do to get offensive linemen onboard. I don’t know if it’s because CMR had a totally different philosophy on what was needed, or if they just couldn’t get the bigguns to come to UGA…but either way, when he left us he left us without a SEC caliber O front.
I still remember him beating Texas in the Cotton Bowl with that late touchdown. One of the great moments of Bulldawg Glory!
DGD, that Mike Bobo!
That was John Lastinger …
Don’t let the facts get in the way……
Well….shit…it sure was Lastinger. Both DGD’s none the less.
Wait a minute..it was Tarkenton.
Zeke Bratkowski possibly?
Yes….what time is it in Texas?
It’s always 10 to 9 in Texas. 🙂
yEiGh!!!….BIL is a UT (Austin) grad, he helped tutor Earl one year. We always go back & forth with football….but he has nothing on the “10 to 9” thingy. All good natured…..
He was great in the 78 Bluebonnet Bowl too…
Ha! If he would just respond like that to all your posts, that would make for double my entertainment.
Gee thanks senator, I had forgotten that jerk.
That guy is obsessed with you, and his writing is about the quality of a 1st grader.
That was tough to read…
I am still not sure I get all the complaints on Chaney, he didn’t take over a loaded offense. The best player was returning from major knee injury, true freshman QB, poor OL play, no threat at WR. This year we should see improvement by a TD a game, if not, then yea Chaney may need to be replaced.
We are exerting our will. That has nothing to do with the OC.
I agree with this sentiment. OL was an absolute train wreck and Catalina may have been the least talented OL we have ever had. Freshman QB and very marginal WR talent. What was he supposed to do? When you can’t block, throw, catch, or run there are not a ton of plays in the playbook…
Are you talking about Tyler Catalina, the former Georgia Bulldog offensive tackle who is currently on the Washington Redskins roster having signed a 3 year contract for $1.66 Million. That Catalina? http://www.rotoworld.com/player/nfl/12634/tyler-catalina Just wanted to be sure who you were discussing.
I don’t want to beat it to death but coaching, particularly coaching decisions, have hell of a lot to do with the success of players and the success of the team. The HC is supposed to use his players in such a way as to maximize their chances for success. When you, as a coach, have a finesse OL and you try to play smash mouth football with that OL, you get what you deserve. Unfortunately bad coaching decisions impact everyone, including players and the alums/fans. I get it that you are pissed off, Will. Rightly so. Just be pissed off at the right person.
Like others have said, I just keep telling myself, our ’17 offensive line can’t be worse than ’16. I hope we’re right.
Scary to start to true freshmen in the SEC, but that’s the way I see it playing out at this point.
So we have to replace multiple spots on the OL with guys that could not beat out players from an awful OL and we are hoping to see improvement. fThe influx of talent at WR is filled with freshman, inexperienced and unproven, yet we hope to see improvement. The running game is relying upon an RB that has yet to return to his pre-injury form, yet we hope he does. Our QB struggled with accuracy and field vision last season, and we hope that he is the real deal. Sure, I hope for improvement as well. Just not gonna happen this year.
LOL!!….Munson, is that you???
Greg..Munson was Barney the Dinosaur compared to Skeptic. But Skeptic is a very essential contributor to GTP’s balance. He keeps us from getting overconfident or even somewhat confident. Skeptic is the anchor that is solidly gripping the seabed and will rip the transom off the back of our the good ship “Enthusiasm” if we take off with too much slack in the chain..which I believe he dreads happening. So he allows us to drag him along as he tempers our speed. When and if Skeptic ever says, “Weigh Anchor! All hands prepare to make good time to ATL”, you better hurry out to Vegas and put every penny you can muster on the Dawgs winning it all. Skeptic actually does make me stop and wonder if we’ll even win 5 games. It’s a life philosophy that I have learned to often apply…if you expect a lot, you’re probably going to get disappointed, if you expect little, you may get a nice surprise! I can see it. In fact, I would be kind of sad to see him convert to the bright side. He’s a comfortable old shoe.
Oh I know, read plenty of his posts and love them….keeps us humble. Thanks!
If everything in your life is a turd then everything starts to look like a turd. Hence Septic….er….Skeptic Dawg
Speaking of Turds, what’s happened to Fergerson? Good poster.
yes, we signed more OL talent last year than Right signed in 15.
Reality check here
Phil Steele is kukewarm on Georgia but he predicts an improvement on offense to 30 ppg.
It sure as shit was offensive last year.
I would like to see us try Charlie Woerner out like Ole Miss used Evan Ingram. If we’re still not getting proper separation and / or Eason is struggling with tight windows, throw back shoulder lobs to Woerner and let him use his height. That back shoulder jump ball type throw Ole Miss used so frequently is devastating…..not only does the hybrid TE/Receiver have a height advantage but the smaller defender has even less of a chance at climbing the ladder if he has to reverse momentum, plant and then try and compete with somebody who already has the advantage. It’s like trying to out rebound an athletic power forward when he already has prime position.
In short, I’m going to be pissed if we are stagnant again, while still asking why we didn’t use [insert 1 of 4 freak tight ends who could play anywhere in America] more.
Yep, Woerner would be tough to cover split wide.
Get the ball to Mecole, Sony, Chubb and Nauta.
bootleg!
Has anyone bothered to check Chaney’s history? He’s a mediocre OC who’s bounced around cfb for a few decades now, never producing anything of note. At least a fellow overweight like Friedgen has shown a high level of expertise and some success in tough places. The day we dump Chaney is the day our offense immediately improves.
My point about Chaney is he has never gotten a sniff of a head coaching gig. People respond with Norm Chow except Chow would be on lists as a candidate but just didn’t get the job. Schools haven’t even looked at Chaney.
I’d love to see Chubb in pre-injury form, but honestly, I don’t think our offensive production is going to depend on this as heavily as others seem to think. If the OL is improved, Michel and Herrien will run all over people. But if the OL isn’t improved, not even Chubb will be successful. So Chubb isn’t the issue here.
My main concern on offense is Eason. Stafford-level talent. But between the ears, he’s basically the anti-Stafford. Stafford never saw a pass he didn’t think he could make, and as we all remember (and as those of us who are Lions fans still witness regularly), it gets him into trouble. Eason, on the other hand, seems reluctant to throw the ball unless his receiver is wide open, and so, he hesitates, hesitates, … and then starts dancing around as the DL closes in around him. Gunslingers aren’t supposed to be afraid to pull the trigger.
It was to-be-expected during his freshman season, as he adjusted to SEC play. But to be honest, it looked just as bad (if not worse) in the most recent G-Day game. So, unless he’s taken great strides this summer (or unless our receiving corps figures out how to get much more separation), I expect this to remain a liability on offense. But this time, it could get interesting, with a confident Fromm waiting on the sidelines.
Pingback: “This was, for all intents and purposes, a voluntary rebuild.” | Get The Picture
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2865
|
__label__cc
| 0.714499
| 0.285501
|
Metro Articles
Doctor Who Companion Articles
About Brian of Morbius
Stuff I Had To Put Somewhere
Praise for Brian of Morbius
Glurgewatch
The Doctor Who Archive of Randomness (tumblr)
Notes on the Thirteenth Doctor
Posted on July 17, 2017 by reverend61
Dear Fandom –
1. Within certain social parameters, the role of Doctor Who is to entertain. The ideal candidate for the Doctor may be black, Asian, Inuit, Native American, gay, bisexual, androgynous, non-binary. Or it may be a thirty-something white male. You will have to deal with that.
2. The fans do not have control over the show. There is a good reason for this.
3. Just because we’ve never had a female Doctor before, it doesn’t mean it’s not going to work.
4. Just because we’ve never had a female Doctor before, it doesn’t mean it’s going to work.
5. New incarnations come and go all the time. Change is part of the show. I cannot believe we’re still having this conversation.
6. “Nurse Who”? Really? That’s the best you can manage?
7. Jodie Whittaker may be brilliant. Or she may be dreadful. You don’t know. Neither do I. But do not fill the gaps with a worst case scenario and think you’ve developed an unshakable prediction.
8. I thought Matt Smith was going to be a trainwreck. Then he opened his mouth, and all was forgiven. “I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken.”
9. The ‘Yeah, it really worked for Ghostbusters’ argument is founded on false logic and we both know it.
10. The notion that you believe your £150 license fee entitles you to any sort of stake in this is frankly laughable.
11. Stop calling Doctor Who a liberal left-wing show. It isn’t.
12. You do not get to say who is a ‘fan’ of the show, whether that person likes a particular Doctor or hates them. They’re just someone with an opinion. That opinion may be worthless, but the bar of acceptable levels of service to a particular programme is not and cannot be set by you. Sorry.
13. Those of you who say you’ll stop watching: we’ll believe it when we see it.
14. Whether you’re left or right wing, your ‘passion’ for the show and the fact that you love and care about it so deeply does not entitle you to be a dick. That’s the same argument Isaac used on Dom in Holby City to justify his emotional and physical abuse. Didn’t work then either.
15. To suggest that Whittaker got the part simply because she’s a woman – whether you’re a sceptic decrying such a move or a feminist celebrating it – is nothing short of insulting. It insults the performer, it insults the writer and producer and it insults the BBC.
16. Memo to the BBC: it doesn’t help my argument when you start talking about ‘a commitment to diversity’. Button it.
17. Women: please stop assuming that everyone who begins a sentence with “I’m not sexist, but…” really is sexist.
18. Men: please stop beginning sentences with “I’m not sexist, but…”. It just isn’t worth the hassle.
19. The fact that Ian Levine has gone on a complete rant about this should tell you all you need to know about how you should be reacting yourselves.
Cordially yours,
P.S. Please stop using the word ‘Whovian’. It is a silly name for silly people.
Categories: New Who | Tags: chris chibnall, doctor who, entertainment, jodie whittaker, sci-fi, science fiction, television, thirteenth doctor | 9 Comments
9 thoughts on “Notes on the Thirteenth Doctor”
Kathryn O
FIrst of all, when Bowie changed his persona from a folk singer to a gender changing alien, his carreer took off. Secondly, there is a classic book called Left Hand of Darkness about gender changing aliens. It is sort of iconic in the genre so I suggest reading it as it is also good. Thirdly, Whovian is silly. 12 called us fans on the net who talk about him Troll-y Dollies. I love it. it’s from the 60s Trolly Dolly a term for stewardesses. besides being very British, it also has all those sexual implications. (yes, some of us lady nerds have had and enjoy sex) Proud Troll-y Dolly
reverend61
Love It! 🙂
Except for that “Whovian” part. We ARE a silly people and we deserve a silly name.
Ok, I can’t argue with that logic.
Yes!! 😁
DR Baltan
The general reactions to this news, don’t really come as a surprise to me. Heck, ever since finding out Moffat wrote ‘The Curse of Fatal Death’ I knew it was only a matter of time, and it has been fairly signposted in advance.
On one side you have the smug-condescending feminists, the chauvinistic traditionalists on the other, and everything in between.
But what I’m more concerned about here, is how the actual show itself is going to handle this change. Because given New-Who’s history, they’re not exactly subtle when it comes to this sort of thing. Be it political or sexual.
What I mean is that I fear we’ll get something like a companion with an awkward Bill/Martha/Amy like crush on the Doctor for some unnecessary tension. Or some straw misogynists spewing out straw sexism for the express purposes of being ‘wittily’ shot down and mocked. Because you just know they won’t be able to resist those kind of cringe-worthy ‘look aren’t we so progressive’ back patting and self-aware jokes. And I fear that’s what’s going to end up blemishing her run. All I want is for them to just shrug and get on with it, that for me would be far more refreshing.
I’m fully prepared to give the benefit of the doubt. To quote Ally Ross, “they could appoint a horse to the role and I still wouldn’t much care.” But this could go wrong very badly if they’re not careful.
I have no familiarity with Jodie Whittaker, or Broadchurch for that matter. So I’ll be starting completely fresh with judging her performance. But she does face what is essentially the most challenging task since Patrick Troughton took over. And if they don’t pull their finger out and make a good first impression with the scripts, and do something to improve Capaldi’s flagging ratings. She might end up being the scapegoat like poor Colin Baker was instead.
As I’ve said elsewhere, I’m cautiously optimistic. I’m genuinely not sure how they’re going to be able to manage it. If this had happened under Moffat I’d have expected an awful lot of shoehorned social commentary. But Chibnall – while he has variable form writing for DW – is unproven when it comes to actually scripting an arc, so I’m prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt. But I share your concerns about Whittaker becoming a pariah – and there’s a part of me that can’t help thinking this is the BBC’s plan.
I suspect it’ll be mostly OK, with bits that annoy me intensely…!
I really am not upset about the debate on this subject. I think that it is natural that fans want to tell their reaction and thoughts about a new Doctor that is different from all the ones before.
I think a lot of those who are somewhat opposed to it being a women, are not sexist at all, but just hurt that something they care about is evolving into something unfamiliar.
I personally like Jodie as an actor, but had been hoping for a male. Not because I dislike women and not because I don’t think an alien Doctor should be portrayed by a female.
I simply enjoy the show a specific way. People want to hate on those who enjoy any romantic aspect of the show, but, I like to be attracted to the Doctor. Who should tell me that I shouldn’t enjoy the show in the way that makes me dream happy daydreams about travelling with the Doctor and it being someone I would be attracted to?
I will be watching in the future. I hope that I love the new showrunner and the new actors. I hope Jodie has a blast with the coveted spot in the Tardis. I know I would.
I think you’ve nailed it Susan – and the fact that you’re (presumably) a woman replying to this speaks volumes. There is an assumption that every critic of Whittaker is a misogynist male – this is baseless and unhelpful and completely untrue! I’ve read many comments from women over the past few days who are as reserved about this as you are, and it has nothing to do with sexism.
I do agree that familiarity is part of it. This is a blank slate, and that always leads to the worst kind of imaginings, in a strictly literal sense.
Review: Revolution of the Daleks
Hic Manebimus Optime
Have I Got Whos For You (Seasonal Edition)
Have I Got Whos For You (WE WON THE ELECTION edition)
The Smallerpictures Video Dump (2020, part four)
Have I Got Whos For You (election omnibus edition)
Have I Got Whos For You (Halloween special)
The Picture Round
Doctor Who and the Misplacement of Criticism
Have I Got Whos For You (two for the price of one edition)
What really happened to the Pink Windmill kids
Every Doctor Who Companion ranked from worst to best
The Next Step does Thomas The Tank Engine
In the Forest of the Night Garden
Return to Paradise Towers
Review: 'A Town Called Mercy'
What do they teach them in these schools?
Review: 'Hell Bent'
The CBeebies Amalgamation
It's a Bing Thing
Eggwatch
God is in the Detail
Have I Got Whos For You
Lost Consonants
Romana's Photo Casebook
The Child Left Behind
The Kasterborous Archives
Unused Monsters
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2872
|
__label__cc
| 0.705538
| 0.294462
|
Macrobert Arts Centre uphold redundancies despite public uproar
Despite the strong public support staff have received, Macrobert Arts Centre has currently not budged on its decision to lose four highly skilled technician roles within their team. Three employees have been made redundant and one has been kept on with reduced hours in a different role. Another is currently on maternity leave.
The Macrobert Arts Centre posted a statement on their website on August 18, reading:
“Since the COVID-19 crisis forced the closure of Macrobert on March 16 2020 the most pressing need has been to survive. The immediate threat resulting from the sudden loss of earnings which make up 60% of our total income is very real.
“The impact of our lost income, brought about by closure, is that we have had to go through a consultation process with staff. At the end of this process, some staff will work reduced hours and 5 posts have been made redundant. These 5 posts are made up of 1 Marketing post, 1 Venue and Projects (Hires) post, 2 Technical posts, and 1 Technical fixed-term post (Maternity Leave Cover)”.
A statement written by a representative of the technical team declared:
“On August 5, 2020, Macrobert were awarded £485,213 by the government from the PAVR scheme.
“On August 5, 2020, Macrobert informed the technical team that one new ‘less specialised’ post for a maintenance technician would be created along with retaining the part time technician post currently on statutory maternity leave. No guarantee has been given that the new role will continue beyond April next year, or that the part time role currently on maternity leave will be retained once maternity leave ends.
“The equivalent of four specialised technician roles have therefore been lost”.
The team’s change.org petition, ‘Save the technical team of Macrobert Art Centre’, gained over 2,500 signatures and received a range of disconcerted comments. One person wrote: “Even without this funding the team at Macrobert appear to have made a viable proposal to save their jobs and secure the future of the venue, which has been largely ignored.
“Last year, the total cost of staffing was £863K – it seems unfathomable. Therefore, that £480K can save just one post. Theatre is nothing without the people behind it. Protect them or there will be no theatre to return to.”
Despite the traction gained by the petition, Macrobert Arts Centre have not commented further on these issues publicly, and no changes have been implemented since their statement was released in August.
Featured image credit: groupon.co.uk
macrobert
macrobert arts centre
Glasgow’s Firewater becomes first in the UK to install air filtration system that kills COVID-19
Andy Murray tests positive for COVID-19
Wallace Monument lease not renewed by Stirling Council
A Penny Dreadful: The shade of skins
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2874
|
__label__cc
| 0.544418
| 0.455582
|
Book Review: STRANGE THE DREAMER by Laini Taylor
Posted on April 29, 2018 by brsanders
Most people in the book, including the eponymous Strange, are an unspecified shade of fantasy brown. This has its pros and cons: there is at least some nominal representation for people of color here; Taylor has not chosen to populate her fantasy world with random White people. However, the representation may only be skin deep. It’s certainly something to read and have a brown person there on the page, but these are brown people without the weight and depth of a specific culture or history behind them.
That said, Strange the Dreamer does have some rather excellent representation along a couple of other axes. There are a pair of out queer characters just living their lives, loving each other (yay!). Lazslo Strange grew up a foundling, in poverty, and has a storyline where his class and how its constructed is sharply contrasted to that of Thyon Nero. The similarities and dissimilarities between them–the points of access one has to the other, and that the other lacks, for instance–speak volumes about the resources each commands or doesn’t, and how having resources (or not) throughout one’s life shapes how people interact with the world around them.
Strange the Dreamer also does a lot with the representation of and the theme of disability. Trauma, especially, leaks through the pages here, though Strange himself is one of the few characters untouched by it. Character after character is scarred, is broken, either physically or psychologically. There are missing limbs, missing memories, and missing people. One thing the book does extremely well is take note of the old wounds abuse leaves, and the way that people adapt to their vulnerabilities.
Rape is described and alluded to
Emotional abuse and physical abuse are described and alluded to
There are references to stolen and murdered children
Mind control and coercion (I count what Minah is doing to the ghosts as this since the ghosts are still sentient and non-consenting)
Arguably self-harm (Thyon Nero’s over-extraction of his spirit fluid)
The dream chooses the dreamer, not the other way around—and Lazlo Strange, war orphan and junior librarian, has always feared that his dream chose poorly. Since he was five years old he’s been obsessed with the mythic lost city of Weep, but it would take someone bolder than he to cross half the world in search of it. Then a stunning opportunity presents itself, in the person of a hero called the Godslayer and a band of legendary warriors, and he has to seize his chance or lose his dream forever.
What happened in Weep two hundred years ago to cut it off from the rest of the world? What exactly did the Godslayer slay that went by the name of god? And what is the mysterious problem he now seeks help in solving?
The answers await in Weep, but so do more mysteries—including the blue-skinned goddess who appears in Lazlo’s dreams. How did he dream her before he knew she existed? And if all the gods are dead, why does she seem so real?
Welcome to Weep.
Strange the Dreamer is a luxurious treat of a book. I sunk into it and was swept up by it. There is a lot to love about it, and it starts, squarely, with Lazlo Strange himself. Lazlo is a wonderful protagonist: as bookish as the person reading the book, imaginative and sharp-tongued, humble and clever, a genuinely kind nerd who ends up on the quest of a lifetime alongside a frenemy to the one place he’s always wanted to go.
The trek to Weep was my favorite part of the book. It’s in this section of the book where Lazlo really shines. You see how he comes into his own on the road, how likable he is, and how inherently decent he is. The core mystery of Weep itself lingers around the edges of the story during these early chapters, teasing the reader, while the characters come into clearer focus. Some of the characters, like Calixte, the queer thief who ends up Lazlo’s quick friend, and Thyon, the alchemist who is perpetually wary of Lazlo’s inherent kindness, are real standouts.
Weep itself is a strange place, both within the story and as a reader. The Weep of reality is little more than a creepy sketch: we get the floating citadel, the scarred husks that still live in terror, and very little else. The Weep of Lazlo’s dreams is flooded with description, florid and bright, a complete and completely different place. I’m not sure how intentional this disconnect between real Weep and dream Weep was, but it was jarring for me that I had so little sense of place in real Weep.
The lens of the story narrows when Lazlo arrives in Weep, as well. Characters who were important on the journey suddenly drop off the page. New characters arrive. The change in cast is abrupt. Most notably, Thyon Nero, who was so fundamentally important in the first third of the book nearly disappears. This is not to say that the book is badly constructed–in fact, the ending has a huge twist which, when revealed, takes many very small asides and neatly slots them together like a puzzle box. That is to say that this reads almost like a duology shoved into one volume: Strange Gets To Weep, then Strange Dreams There.
There is one thing I did not like about Strange the Dreamer, and that was his romantic arc. I had two issues with it. First, it was predictably instantaneous and felt juvenile for it. Second, there was, in the particular societal moment we’re in, an age gap between the parties that made me uncomfortable.
Sarai, Lazlo’s love interest, was a decently interesting character in her own right,* but she was fifteen and naive. Lazlo had to be around twenty. Much is made in the book of his virginal stature, so he might be a pure and untouched twenty, but he is still a grown ass man, and by description, not a small one. The age difference between them was not romantic; it was uncomfortable. It was a power differential I could not unsee, and it was compounded by complications with the reveals with the endings. As Sarai’s role in the story becomes more constrained, Lazlo’s role takes on more power. By the end of the story, they are on far from an even playing field in their partnership.
Strange the Dreamer is a lovely and intricate book. Despite a mishandled love story, this book has a cast of fascinating characters and tackles some heavy questions about the aftereffects of catastrophe and trauma. It’s definitely worth a read, and I’ll definitely be picking up the sequel.
*Sarai was sweet, and kind, and sequestered. She was a Rapunzel type, and I could have stood to see her have more bite to her, but she did have depth to her, and backbone when it counted.
This entry was posted in 4 stars, Book Review and tagged 4 stars, book review, laini taylor, strange the dreamer by brsanders. Bookmark the permalink.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2878
|
__label__cc
| 0.621078
| 0.378922
|
Salon du Chocolat
29 October 2003 by Jessica Powell 1182
Don’t think just anybody could review Paris’s Salon du Chocolat and prove a trustworthy source of information. I have credentials: I’ve been kicked out of the factory of Swiss chocolate maker Cailler after going a bit overboard in the tasting room, and once, during my poor student days, I spent nearly an hour outside a chocolate factory debating whether it would be bad karma to steal a small box of chocolate eggs left outside to be shipped.Criminal tendencies or an obsessive love of chocolate? I vote for the latter, and it was with the thought of passing on my love and expertise to Bonjour Paris readers that I agreed to tackle the opening night of Paris’ 9th Salon du Chocolat. The Good Now let’s get your most important question out of the way: are there chocolate samples? Yes, yes, and yes. Tons of them, and with more variety than in previous years, when samples were often little more than chocolate chunks of various types. This year you’ve got fruit-dipped chocolate and chocolate éclairs and melted chocolate and chocolate truffles and chocolate macaroons and hot chocolate and chocolate bread and…you get the picture. Of course, the exhibitors are also hoping that you’ll purchase some of their wares, and here, the offerings become even more creative, including chocolate sausages and asparagus, chocolate busts of your loved one, and chocolate calendars. In addition to the massive amounts of chocolate, there are also several sideshow events, such as cooking demonstrations, cocoa beauty care, and an exhibit of chocolate renditions of famous Louvre artworks. (The rendering of Mona Lisa’s face in white chocolate is breathtaking.) On the agenda for the inauguration was an additional event: a special fashion show, in which models were to show off the finest in chocolate couture. However, I decided to bypass the show: to someone who cried upon discovering that Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory only existed in the movies, this was a truly tragic waste of chocolate. Navigating the crowded Salon du Chocolat requires planning, and I decided to apply a trusty amusement park strategy: when visitors flocked towards the parade of models, I took advantage of smaller lines to visit the most popular chocolate booths, where I sampled Grand Marnier crêpes, freshly-made Bernard Callebaut chocolates, and melted Toblerone-fruit cups. The Bad Of course, no event is perfect, and the Salon du Chocolat has its share of…distasteful moments. Take, for example, the culinary challenge offered by Madame Setsuko Tokyo’s, which served up ball-shaped green tea things as its samples. “It tastes like creamy powder,” I said to my partner-in-crime. “Yes,” she answered, after a moment of serious reflection. “Or maybe powdery cream,” she answered. In the name of honing our epicurian vocabulary, we hailed a Madame Setsuko employee, who told us in Japo-Frenglish that the dessert was a combination of cream, kirsch, green tea, and roughly five other ingredients that apparently have no name in English or French. Those five ingredients would be good to know, however, as I would advise you all to never use them in your pastry cooking. (To Madame Setsuko’s credit, the rest of her offerings—which were not available for sampling—looked quite delicious.) But the adventure in Japanese “chocolate” was not the only incongruous element of the Salon du Chocolat. Someone at the Lays potato chip company must have confused the words sucré for salé on the exhibitor sign-up sheet, because bags of Lays potato chips could be found throughout the salon at tables manned by men serving Caribbean punch and tomato juice. The Ugly As this was the inaugural night of the Salon du Chocolat, the guest-list only crowd was full of guest-list types, each one more fashionable and important than the next. In line to enter the Salon, I admired the technique of the mink coated, beehived woman who managed to work her way from the back of the line to the front by pushing her young daughter ahead of her, jamming the girl’s nose into the backs of those ahead. I tried the same technique with my friend (a slight bit shorter than me), but apparently there’s an age after which running your nose into people’s backs is no longer acceptable. Once inside, we continually crossed paths with a party of pasty old men, whose fawning entourage made it clear that these were not just “Very Important Chocolate Lovers” but “Very Important People” as well. Whoever they were, I was peeved when they managed to block my access to a plate of chocolate hearts, and glared at the cameras and journalists taking down every word coming from these faux chocolate lovers. In the midst of such fanfare over VIPs and scantily-clad models, it seemed as if we had lost sight of the higher purpose of this gathering. “What about the chocolate?!?” I wailed to my friend, a true chocolate lover who, like me, had only gotten into the event because of her press credentials. “This is about the bean! Without the bean there would be no chocolate! Imagine—no chocolate sculptures, no chocolate models, no chocolate beauty care!” I looked over to the booth of the Union of Chocolate Makers—surely they would understand; surely they would know what it was like to see their passion reduced to a dark chocolate negligee or white chocolate Mona Lisa. In fact, the union workers had deserted their booth! Perhaps they had gone on strike out of deference to the cocoa bean. Alas, further investigation proved that this was not at all the case. The workers—the representatives of the Bean—were off across the hall watching the fashion show. The Salon du Chocolat (www.chocoland.com) at the Carousel du Louvre lasts through November 2. However, if you miss those dates you can always fly to the Salons being held this year in Tokyo and New York. If you pick the right airline, you might even score some chocolate on the plane! —After working as a reporter and translator in New York, Spain, and Portugal, Jessica Powell moved to Paris to become the editor of an intellectual property magazine. She spends most of her free time trying to make…
Don’t think just anybody could review Paris’s Salon du Chocolat and prove a trustworthy source of information. I have credentials: I’ve been kicked out of the factory of Swiss chocolate maker Cailler after going a bit overboard in the tasting room, and once, during my poor student days, I spent nearly an hour outside a chocolate factory debating whether it would be bad karma to steal a small box of chocolate eggs left outside to be shipped.
Criminal tendencies or an obsessive love of chocolate? I vote for the latter, and it was with the thought of passing on my love and expertise to Bonjour Paris readers that I agreed to tackle the opening night of Paris’ 9th Salon du Chocolat.
Now let’s get your most important question out of the way: are there chocolate samples?
Yes, yes, and yes. Tons of them, and with more variety than in previous years, when samples were often little more than chocolate chunks of various types. This year you’ve got fruit-dipped chocolate and chocolate éclairs and melted chocolate and chocolate truffles and chocolate macaroons and hot chocolate and chocolate bread and…you get the picture.
Of course, the exhibitors are also hoping that you’ll purchase some of their wares, and here, the offerings become even more creative, including chocolate sausages and asparagus, chocolate busts of your loved one, and chocolate calendars.
In addition to the massive amounts of chocolate, there are also several sideshow events, such as cooking demonstrations, cocoa beauty care, and an exhibit of chocolate renditions of famous Louvre artworks. (The rendering of Mona Lisa’s face in white chocolate is breathtaking.)
On the agenda for the inauguration was an additional event: a special fashion show, in which models were to show off the finest in chocolate couture. However, I decided to bypass the show: to someone who cried upon discovering that Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory only existed in the movies, this was a truly tragic waste of chocolate.
Navigating the crowded Salon du Chocolat requires planning, and I decided to apply a trusty amusement park strategy: when visitors flocked towards the parade of models, I took advantage of smaller lines to visit the most popular chocolate booths, where I sampled Grand Marnier crêpes, freshly-made Bernard Callebaut chocolates, and melted Toblerone-fruit cups.
Of course, no event is perfect, and the Salon du Chocolat has its share of…distasteful moments.
Take, for example, the culinary challenge offered by Madame Setsuko Tokyo’s, which served up ball-shaped green tea things as its samples.
“It tastes like creamy powder,” I said to my partner-in-crime.
“Yes,” she answered, after a moment of serious reflection. “Or maybe powdery cream,” she answered.
In the name of honing our epicurian vocabulary, we hailed a Madame Setsuko employee, who told us in Japo-Frenglish that the dessert was a combination of cream, kirsch, green tea, and roughly five other ingredients that apparently have no name in English or French. Those five ingredients would be good to know, however, as I would advise you all to never use them in your pastry cooking. (To Madame Setsuko’s credit, the rest of her offerings—which were not available for sampling—looked quite delicious.)
But the adventure in Japanese “chocolate” was not the only incongruous element of the Salon du Chocolat. Someone at the Lays potato chip company must have confused the words sucré for salé on the exhibitor sign-up sheet, because bags of Lays potato chips could be found throughout the salon at tables manned by men serving Caribbean punch and tomato juice.
As this was the inaugural night of the Salon du Chocolat, the guest-list only crowd was full of guest-list types, each one more fashionable and important than the next.
In line to enter the Salon, I admired the technique of the mink coated, beehived woman who managed to work her way from the back of the line to the front by pushing her young daughter ahead of her, jamming the girl’s nose into the backs of those ahead. I tried the same technique with my friend (a slight bit shorter than me), but apparently there’s an age after which running your nose into people’s backs is no longer acceptable.
Once inside, we continually crossed paths with a party of pasty old men, whose fawning entourage made it clear that these were not just “Very Important Chocolate Lovers” but “Very Important People” as well. Whoever they were, I was peeved when they managed to block my access to a plate of chocolate hearts, and glared at the cameras and journalists taking down every word coming from these faux chocolate lovers.
In the midst of such fanfare over VIPs and scantily-clad models, it seemed as if we had lost sight of the higher purpose of this gathering.
“What about the chocolate?!?” I wailed to my friend, a true chocolate lover who, like me, had only gotten into the event because of her press credentials. “This is about the bean! Without the bean there would be no chocolate! Imagine—no chocolate sculptures, no chocolate models, no chocolate beauty care!”
I looked over to the booth of the Union of Chocolate Makers—surely they would understand; surely they would know what it was like to see their passion reduced to a dark chocolate negligee or white chocolate Mona Lisa. In fact, the union workers had deserted their booth! Perhaps they had gone on strike out of deference to the cocoa bean.
Alas, further investigation proved that this was not at all the case. The workers—the representatives of the Bean—were off across the hall watching the fashion show.
The Salon du Chocolat (www.chocoland.com) at the Carousel du Louvre lasts through November 2. However, if you miss those dates you can always fly to the Salons being held this year in Tokyo and New York. If you pick the right airline, you might even score some chocolate on the plane!
After working as a reporter and translator in New York, Spain, and Portugal, Jessica Powell moved to Paris to become the editor of an intellectual property magazine. She spends most of her free time trying to make the perfect chocolate dessert.
Previous Article Le Limousin
Next Article Ask Karen: Dissatisfied with your Hotel
SomMailier: A Wine Club Dedicated to Boutique French Wines
Would you like to immerse yourself in Parisian culture without the awkwardness of improper manners?
The Mystery of Leon, Édouard Manet’s Son
By Jessica Powell
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2880
|
__label__cc
| 0.547008
| 0.452992
|
25 Jaw-Dropping Typography Art Examples from 15 Inspiring Artists
by Diana Bolboaca9 months ago1 comment
Typography is everywhere.
Whether we acknowledge it or not, we see it in every material that has text in it, from newspapers to blogs, advertising, infographics, or art.
This goes beyond being a simple or random arrangement of letters—it’s an art that helps brands make a statement.
In today’s article, we’ll take a more in-depth look at typography art and how it’s been used by different typography artists.
What Is Typography Art?
Typography art is defined as any form of art which involves letters, words, or phrases. This includes painting, sculpture, digital rendering, or any other creative technique that the artist wants to use.
To have a better understanding, I did some research and compiled 25 examples of awesome typography art that involve different mediums and approaches.
To make it easier for you to follow, I grouped them by the 15 typography artists that made it all possible.
1. Peter Strain’s Posters
AOI award winner Peter Strain created this stunning typography poster as part of a series commissioned by Pottermore. The collection features a total of four pieces, each focusing on an iconic quote from one of the seven books.
Not a Harry Potter fan?
Strain has several other eye-catching typography posters in his portfolio, including portraits of David Lynch, Joaquin Phoenix’s Joker, and Freddie Mercury.
He’s also a huge fan of Wes Anderson’s movies, so you’re bound to find some of them depicted in his work.
Who wouldn’t want to have some of these typography art prints decorating their walls?
2. Sabeena Karnik’s Paper Letters
Sabeena Karnik brings a unique and colorful perspective to the typography word art world.
She creates her pieces using paper quilling. The technique involves long thin strips of paper, glue, and a lot of patience.
The colorful paper is either rolled, pinched, or cut into smaller pieces, and then carefully glued in place. You can see Karnik doing this with tweezers in many of her Instagram videos.
Besides individual letters like the one above, she also puts together more intricate designs, some for household names such as Google, Adobe, and Instagram.
3. Lex Wilson’s 3D Illusions
Lex Wilson is a typography artist fascinated with the way the human brain is fooled by optical illusions.
He creates clever 2D drawings which the viewer perceives as 3D, like the one below, as well as 3D projections that appear 2D when looked at from certain angles.
He is also interested in the duality of English words and has created several foam sculptures based on this idea. The same piece can read “REAL” from a particular vantage point and “FAKE” from another.
4. Paula Scher’s Maps
A partner at the renowned New York design firm Pentagram since 1991 and one of the most famous designers in the world, Paula Scher is no stranger when it comes to typography art.
Her work, like the Tiffany & Co. and Citi logos, to name just a few, greatly influenced the world of typography graphic design as we see it today.
In MAPS, a collection of 39 paintings, drawings, prints, and environmental graphics, the artist uses colorful typography to map out the entire world.
Each piece has its own theme, such as US zip codes, politics, airline routes, median home prices, and climate.
Some of them are as big as 12 feet (3.7 meters).
5. Alexis Persani’s 3D Digital Letters
French artist Alexis Persani takes typography graphic design to a whole new level, with these colorful, shiny, detailed 3D letters that make you want to reach out and touch them.
His art incorporates various materials, patterns, and objects, forming unique alphabets, words, and phrases.
On his page, Persani displays several of his typography artworks. Some look like they’re made of water, steel, or paint, but all of them are fascinating nonetheless.
Digital 3D lettering is the modern take on typography art, and Persani is showing us all how it’s done.
6. Pae White’s Supersized String Art
This exhibition by Californian artist Pae White takes typography string art to the max.
Titled Too Much Night, Again, it is essentially an enormous thread sculpture inspired by her insomnia.
The artwork features 48 kilometers (roughly 30 miles) of yarn in the colors purple, red and black, spelling out “TIGER TIME” on one wall and “UNMATTERING” on the opposite wall.
The threads converge near the ceiling, creating a haze of different colors reminiscent of the mind of an insomniac.
While White isn’t primarily known for typography art, this exhibition definitely earned its spot on our list.
7. Ralph Ueltzhoeffer’s Celebrity Portraits
Kurt Cobain, Ian Curtis, David Beckham, Madonna, Barack Obama, Angelina Jolie, Jack Nicholson, and Audrey Hepburn are just some of the celebrities featured in Ralph Ueltzhoeffer’s typography portraits.
Does the font look like old computer input? That is because the artist selects biographies and other information that defines these celebrities from Wikipedia and thousands of other online sources.
Then, he sets these words, line by line, on a black background until they create the desired effect.
In doing so, Ueltzhoeffer also makes a statement about how the digital information available about us online defines us in the eyes of others.
And who can be more affected by this than celebrities?
8. Fred Eerdekens’ Light and Shadow Play
One of Belgium’s most celebrated contemporary artists, Fred Eerdekens, makes typography art by combining three mediums—language, material, and light/shadow.
His work can be interpreted as a study of the connection between visual cues and the linguistic meaning behind them.
The twisted aluminum and copper coils mean nothing at first glance, but when placed in the right light, they reveal the right words.
These words are sometimes poems written by the artist himself, which often bring together opposite and even contradicting notions, echoing the play of light and shadow.
9. Farhad Moshiri’s Knives
You might have seen some of Farhad Moshiri’s typography artwork on social media—especially the knives sculptures.
What is fascinating about Moshiri’s art, besides the variety of colors and mediums he uses, is the underlying irony and humor in it.
In “Life is Beautiful” (pictured above), comforting words are spelled out using knives—objects often associated with violence. Moreover, the fact that these knives are stuck in the wall suggests frustration and anger.
His work also reminds viewers that appearances can be deceiving. When you get closer to one of his sculptures and see what it’s made of, you find your expectations have not been met.
10. Nicola Yeoman’s Installations
Nicola Yeoman combines still life with typography to create masterful art installations.
For her series called “Alphabetical,” she arranged a multitude of seemingly discarded objects in what looks like an empty industrial space to spell out letters like E, Y, X, or D.
Using paint or the negative space between these objects, she makes the letters visible only from a specific vantage point.
Besides her gallery work, Yeoman has also collaborated with big names such as Alexander McQueen, H&M, Selfridges, Jay Z, and The New York Times.
In the editorial piece for the Times, she recreated the publication’s iconic first letter in an eerie and mesmerizing sculpture made of wood sticks and translucent fabric.
11. Stefan Sagmeister’s 250,000 Cents
Typography design rockstar Stefan Sagmeister is known for his album covers, commercials, typography posters, and books, as well as for his dedication and attention to detail.
In 2008, he spelled “Obsessions make my life worse and my work better” out of 250,000 euro cents on the streets of Amsterdam.
The mural took eight days and involved the work of more than 100 volunteers.
Unfortunately, after the coins were left unguarded for the public to interact with, some of them were stolen, which prompted the police to swipe up the remaining coins and take them away less than 20 hours after the opening.
12. Ebon Heath’s Dancing Sculptures
Ebon Heath’s work proves that typography art doesn’t have to be legible to make a powerful statement.
Heath creates dynamic sculptures by putting together words he creates or curates on a specific theme. To accurately mimic natural movement, he collaborates with dancers and choreographers.
His goal is to liberate the words from the dormant 2D space of the paper (or screen).
He started out by creating his typography artworks from hand-cut paper. Later, he switched to laser cutting, which gave him more freedom in choosing his materials and allowed him to experiment with larger-scale projects.
13. Craig Ward’s Shattered Glass
A well-known typography artist who has worked with brands like Starbucks, The Washington Post, Peugeot, and MasterCard, Craig Ward doesn’t shy away from telling the stories behind his work on his blog.
For this piece, titled “You Blow Me Away,” he collaborated with photographer Jason Tozer. Ward’s typography was printed on several 7mm sheets of glass, through which various objects were fired.
The collection of photographs resulting from this project “are also studies in the boundaries of legibility as [the artists] managed to capture the glass at various stages of destruction,” as Ward himself tells his blog readers.
14. Karl Grandin’s Festival Posters
Created for the Hove Festival in Norway, these playful and unique posters make use of smart typography graphic design.
Karl Grandin’s artwork stands out from any other lineup announcements. It incorporates the names of the artists that are going to perform in a bigger picture.
From Zen masters to squid monsters, these posters are bound to draw a crowd. And they did, at least until the festival closed down after a final edition in 2014.
15. SEEN UA’s Graffiti
Finally, you can’t talk about typography art without talking about graffiti.
Graffiti is the quintessential form of typography wall art. It represents freedom, brings color to the otherwise bleak streets, and often incorporates powerful social commentary.
Artist Richard Mirando, better known as SEEN UA, is a veteran US graffiti artist, famous all around the world.
He started out spray-painting subway trains in New York City back when the trade was still in its infancy and eventually earned the title of the Godfather of Graffiti.
The artwork pictured above is one of his creations from the streets of Los Angeles.
As you were able to see from these 25 creative examples, typography art has no limits. It is as diverse and influential as any other type of art.
What was your favorite one out of this list?
Diana Bolboaca
Content Partnership Coordinator at Bannersnack, holding a BA in PR & Communications and covering everything from advertising and design to actionable insights for marketers. Get in touch with me at diana.bolboaca@bannersnack.com.
The title and title of an advertisement are the most effective factors in creating attention, and if the title of the advertisement is created as a logo type with a creative initiative, it plays an important role in creating attention.
Thanks for the creative logos you have provided.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2883
|
__label__wiki
| 0.571621
| 0.571621
|
All posts tagged with scientific-illustration
Blog Reel, User Stories
Bringing Natural History Art to Life: Installation Artist Uses BHL to Create Fantastic Worlds Through Immersive Artworks
Imagine stepping into a world teaming with dazzling biodiversity. Everywhere you turn, colorful birds perch amidst exotic blooms, glimmering butterflies and energetic hummingbirds flit from flower to flower, shimmering serpents wind their way through a jungle of foliage, and an array of mushrooms add color and dimension to the forest floor.
This world, seemingly alive with biodiversity, is composed not of flesh and blood, but of ink and paper. It is a world brought to life from the imagination of Berlin-based American artist Clare Börsch using illustrations and photographs sourced mainly from open access collections like the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) and painstakingly cut and arranged into a marvelous, three-dimensional ecosystem. Within this Biodiversity installation of collaged nature art, a wondrous world awaits.
December 15, 2020byGrace Costantino
“I took care to get the true character of the animal” – The Zoological Sketches by Joseph Wolf
The Zoological Sketches are two volumes of 100 plates published between 1857 and 1867. They show particularly rare animals from Regent’s Park in London, which Joseph Wolf captured in watercolours and on the basis of which Joseph Smit made lithographs. The edited notes were written by David William Mitchell, Secretary of the Zoological Society. After his death his successor, Philip Lutley Sclater, took over the work and completed the volumes.
January 22, 2020byElisa Herrmann
Our Experience Digitising a Rare Book for the Biodiversity Heritage Library
Recently, we spent three weeks on student placement at Museums Victoria Library and were fortunate enough to be involved with the digitisation of the beautiful title The birds of Norfolk & Lord Howe Islands and the Australasian South Polar quadrant by Gregory M. Mathews. It was an eye-opening experience, making us aware of the patience and attention to detail that is a necessity for book digitisation.
October 10, 2019byMarina Hunt and Brendan Bachmann
Blog Reel, Campaigns, Her Natural History
Henrietta Page sketchbook of fungi drawings
The Harvard Botany Libraries recently acquired and digitized Henrietta Page’s [Sketchbook of drawings of fungi], volume II. The sketchbook was a gift from the Boston Mycological Club (BMC) where Page was a member and served on the executive committee for a time. She was also a member of the Boston Society of Natural History. The sketchbook mostly describes fungi collected during July and August when Page attended three-week long natural history classes held in Alstead, New Hampshire under the Alstead School of Natural History from 1899-1903.
March 27, 2019byDanielle Castronovo and Jason Karakehian
Blog Reel, Campaigns, Featured Books, Her Natural History
Isabella in Hawaii: The Adventures of an Amateur Botanist in the 1860s
How does a young woman create the most important record of Hawaiian flowers in the nineteenth century? Who helps her identify plants and find a London publisher? Why does she leave New Zealand for Niihau, the Forbidden Island? Thanks to a magnificent book in the Rare Book Collection of the Chicago Botanic Garden Library (and a little research), we can answer these questions.
With 44 delightful chromolithographed plates, Indigenous Flowers of the Hawaiian Islands is no ordinary book. Its illustrations introduced the world to an exotic, endemic, and vanishing flora. Indigenous Flowers provides a marker to measure the impact of humans on the fragile ecosystem of two Hawaiian islands, yet another signal of the Anthropocene epoch. Isabella McHutcheson Sinclair (1840–90) was probably the most unexpected ambassador for plant conservation. Her breadth of botanical experiences in the Pacific, in both New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands (better known today as Hawaii), gave her a particular vision to recognize the effects of humans on local flora and fauna.
March 11, 2019byEdward J. Valauskas
What’s This Bird? Classify Old Natural History Drawings with R
This post was originally published on the rOpenSci blog on 28 August 2018 and is republished with permission of the author, Dr. Maëlle Salmon, and rOpenSci.
Armed with rOpenSci’s packages binding powerful C++ libraries and open taxonomy data, how much information can we automatically extract from images? Maybe not much, but, experimenting with gorgeous drawings from a natural history collection, we can least explore image manipulation, optical character recognition (OCR), language detection, and taxonomic name resolution with rOpenSci’s packages.
October 4, 2018byDr. Maëlle Salmon and rOpenSci
An Illustrated Natural History of German Frogs: Rösel’s Historia Naturalis Ranarum Nostratium
Historia naturalis ranarum nostratium has been described as one of the most beautiful works devoted to frogs and amphibians.
The work of German artist and naturalist Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, Historia naturalis ranarum nostratium describes the natural history of all then-known frogs and toads indigenous to the Nuremberg region in Germany. The title is noteworthy first for the extensive, accurate information in the text, printed in two columns in both German and Latin.
The work is equally (if not more) renowned for its illustrations. The twenty-four folio, hand-colored copper engravings portray habitats, anatomy, reproductive behavior, and larval development stages in intricate detail.
August 2, 2018byGrace Costantino
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2884
|
__label__cc
| 0.57344
| 0.42656
|
Serious Risk: Navajo Nation Water Rights
SERIOUS RISK OF NAVAJO NATION WATER RIGHTS
Article and photo by Calvin Johnson, Navajo, Leupp, Arizona
NAVAJO NATION COUNCIL DELEGATES: DO NOT WAIVE THE TREATIES OF 1849, 1868 AND THE WINTERS DOCTRINE
For the past few years, The Navajo Nation Government has been working on the Arizona Water Settlement for the Little Colorado River and the Lower Basin of the main stem Colorado River .
Recently, Council Delegates and local leaders have been pushing for voters to approve resolutions in support of this settlement.
On September 17, 2010 Speaker Lawrence T. Morgan announced a Special Session, set for September 29, 2010 at the Navajo Nation Council Chambers. The session is to start at 10 a.m. (DST) with water rights settlement as an action item listed under new business. The agenda lists Council Delegate George Arthur (T'iistoh Bikaad/San Juan/Nenanezad), the current chairman of the Resources Committee, as the sponsor of Legislation No. 0422-10 “Northeastern Arizona Indian Water Rights Settlement Agreement legislation” and per Office of the Speaker press release states the settlement “would settle the Navajo Nation’s and Hopi Tribe’s water rights claims in the lower basin of the Colorado River and Little Colorado River system.”
Preliminarily and from a grassroots point of view, the supposed Arizona water settlement is a huge scam and we as indigenous people who have been here for many generations will be losing our basic water rights for the sake of money, power and control.
Recently at Tolani Lake Chapter meeting, Delegate Leonard Chee stated to the public that it was “the fault of the people that the Navajo Nation will be only receiving 45,000 acre-feet/year total from the C-aquifer”. It was “they who were saying NO to water." Well, with all due respect if Mr. Chee took the time to read all the agreements/settlement and spoke to activist who understand water rights, he would have read that Navajo water is NOT FOR ALL THE NAVAJO PEOPLE.
Back in 2007, I wrote a statement about the infamous Mohave Generating Station negotiation agreement titled “Mohave Mediation Memorandum of Recommended Non-Economic Terms." In that agreement, the $600 million dollar lawsuit brought against the Federal Government would have been dismissed in exchange for giving away C-Aquifer water to the “Blackmesa Project." In the same agreement, we as a Nation would have waived and released any and all Claims against APS, Southern California Edison, Salt River Project, Nevada Power, Tucson Electric Power and LADWP, waived of certain natural resources damages claims, waived sovereign immunity. With the Arizona water settlement, we will have the same terms because the Treaties of 1849, 1868 and the Winters Doctrine (Winters v. United States, 1908) guarantees the Navajo People water rights to the Little Colorado River and the Lower Basin of the main stem Colorado River.
In order for Navajo Nation to approve the Arizona Water Settlement for the Little Colorado River and the Lower Basin of the main stem Colorado River, the Navajo Nation must waive our rights to water such as the Winters Doctrine. I want to emphasis again, that the Treaties of 1849, 1868, and the Winters Doctrine entitles all the Navajo People as a nation water rights whether it’s brown, clear or underground.
Additional serious and grave concerns regarding the Little Colorado River and the Lower Basin of the main stem Colorado River Settlement are the lucrative terms such as:
• Allowing of non-Indian users to pump unlimited amounts of C-aquifer water from wells beyond 18 miles south of the Navajo Nation boundary;
• Allowing of non-Indian users unlimited amounts of C-aquifer water 18 miles south of the Navajo Nation boundary –even though excessive pumping will reduce flows in the River and may bring more salty water to Navajo wells .
• Allowing of non-Indian water users to pump as much “underground flow” as they want without regard for impact on Navajo use of same aquifers.
• Waiving all Navajo priority and reserved water rights to the Little Colorado and Colorado Rivers for other uses forever .
To all farmers, ranchers, sheep herders, elders, youth, the great people of the Navajo Nation please call the speaker’s office at (928) 871-7160 or the Navajo Nation Council’s Office at (928) 871-6380 and urge your local leaders, delegates to VOTE NO on the Arizona Water Settlement for the Little Colorado River and the Lower Basin of the main stem Colorado River.
The Navajo Nation leaders should be fighting and defending the Treaties of 1849, 1868 and the Winters Doctrine. Every drop of what belongs to Navajo is will deserved, not by giving it away to greedy corporations or entities who in return do not help our nation. Also, a clarification of Mr. Chee’s accusation of the residents of Canyon Diablo who were saying no water for Peabody was due to the fact that impacted residents were not to receive a single drop of water even if the pipeline was directly in front of their homes. Same goes for the Dilkon Water Project: Water will be piped to Dilkon but impacted residents living in front or directly of the line will NOT receive any water. Would you say yes to such a project if you were not to get water for 15 years down the road?
Calvin Johnson
caljohnson2006@yahoo.com
Disclaimer: The opinion expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions officially of my employer or the Leupp Schools Inc., its employees, staff and/or its board.
Leupp, AZ 86035
Also see: Secret negotiations exposed on Navajo water rights
Navajos urge Navajo Nation Council to vote 'No' on Sept. 29 to this settlement of Navajo water rights, a giveaway of Navajo water rightshttp://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2010/09/secret-negotiations-released-on-navajo.html
Download or print this document:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/37688923/Navajo-water-rights-give-away-exposed
Reporter: CNN Censored US War Crime in Iraq
Reporter: CNN Refused to Air Footage of US War Crime in Iraq
A prominent Australian war correspondent has revealed the news giant CNN refused to air footage of an apparent war crime by US troops in Iraq. In an interview with the Australian network ABC, Michael Ware says he witnessed a US soldier fatally shooting an Iraqi teenager in the back of the head. The boy then lay dying for twenty minutes. Ware says CNN decided the footage was too graphic for broadcast. He’s been unable to release it because CNN owns the tapes.
http://www.democracynow.org/2010/9/21/headlines/reporter_cnn_refused_to_air_footage_of_us_war_crime_in_iraq
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2893
|
__label__wiki
| 0.618752
| 0.618752
|
VIDEO Vicam Yaqui Highway Blockade in Defense of Water Rights 2013
Photo: Vicam Water Rights Gathering Sept 17, 2013
Yaqui maintain major highway blockade since June
Indigenous Peoples from Four Directions urged to come for Oct. 18, 2013 gathering in Vicam
Censored News Exclusive
Video by Ali Brooks
copyright Brenda Norrell, Censored News
VICAM PUEBLO, Sonora, Mexico -- Yoeme (Yaqui) in Vicam Pueblo maintained their highway barricade in defense of their water in the Rio Yaqui, as representatives of the National Indigenous Congress met over the weekend with directives from the Zapatistas Little School.
Ofelia Rivas/Vicam Photo Brenda Norrell
Ofelia Rivas, O'odham representative of the National Indigenous Congress, attended the gathering in Vicam on Saturday, Sept. 14, 2013.
"Vicam Yoeme are calling for international support for a meeting on October 18 in the defense of water in Vicam," Rivas said. The Northwest regional meeting of the National Indigenous Congress included the states of Sonora, Sinoloa, Chihuahua and Baja.
"Yaqui are sending a special invitation to the Mohawks to attend this important meeting on water rights on October 18," Rivas said. Earlier, Mohawks joined Subcomandante Marcos and Zapatistas commandantes in Vicam Pueblo for a gathering in 2007. It is located about seven hours southwest of Tucson on the coast of Mexico.
Vicam Water Forum/Photo Brenda Norrell
"Water is essential to our survival," said Mario Luna, spokesman for the Yoeme Traditional Authority of Vicam.
"Generations paid with their blood to maintain our homeland for future generations," Luna told the gathering this weekend.
Luna said the illegal construction is already underway on the Independence Aqueduct. It is a diversion project of Yaqui water from the Rio Yaqui to the city of Hermosillo. Luna said neither the diversion project, nor Mexico's government officials have consulted with Vicam Yaquis as required for the impact statement.
Yaquis said their around the clock, 24-hour a day, highway barricade of federal highway 15, manned by Yoeme warriors, has lasted more than 100 days and has had a major impact on produce flowing into the US. The barricade blocks traffic on the major highway between the Pacific Coast and the city of Hermosillo, a major route from the coast to the US. Yoeme lift the blockade for short periods, allowing trucks to pass after halting the trucks for hours, causing extensive delays, around the clock.
Yaqui highway blockade
Rivas said, "They have cars blocking the highway now. It is causing delays in produce like tomatoes getting to the US on time."
Traditional Authorities of Yaqui Vicam Pueblo issued a summons for this weekend's gathering, in accordance with the Zapatistas Little School.
http://enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx/
The Traditional Authorities said the water theft of the Yaqui River Basin will destroy the natural resources of this Indian territory.
"Considering that we have inhabited this territory for 2,500 years, a place where we were born and we have developed our existence, where mother earth provides us with everything for our life and like all the world's indigenous peoples live as brothers, with plants, trees, animals, birds, insects, the air, the heat, the cold, the sun, moon, stars, earth and water, of which is our home, food and healing, and the source of our power."
"Whereas in the territory of the Yaqui tribe, our people are made of earth and water and all that comes from them. While building our culture and creating and consolidating our own institutions, in the vicinity of the river today known as Rio Yaqui, the current government perpetrated one of the most colossal robberies of living memory, stealing the waters of the basin and trying to spoil our people more."
"Whereas for more than 520 years we have suffered, in our lives and in our hearts, the war of extermination, one of the longest and bloodiest wars of living memory, brought on by the political and economic power that is in power today," Yaqui said of the current authoritarian misrule.
Yaqui said today the resistance and civil disobedience is for Yoeme Autonomy and Self-determination.
"Whereas the existence of Mother Earth and humanity is threatened by the hegemonic capitalist system for their insatiable greed and excessive economic and natural resource exploitation and death of ecosystems, carried out by large multinational corporations seeking to divest from our territories and to be strongholds of natural resources, in collusion with corrupt government institutions and the collusion of free market policies, such as NAFTA Puebla-Panama Plan, and its project northwest of the Sea of Cortez known as the Coastal Highway, along with that project, the current state government is stealing water from the Yaqui River basin through the illegal construction of the Independence Aqueduct, with the aim of more plunder, and giving an existential hit to our people."
"Today through unfair and illegal, bidding, construction and operation of the Independence Aqueduct, they steal Yaqui river water and divert it to the city of Hermosillo, with the evil purpose of feeding large transnational businesses, real estate developments, and to encourage the speculation of businesses, with the rampant corrupt government complicity of Guillermo Padres Elias and consent of the current Federal Government."
"The Yaqui Tribe, like most indigenous peoples and the more than 50 million poor who inhabit the country are on the border of extermination, as a result of economic policies that favor the success of the market," Yaqui said.
The Traditional Authority said Mexico wants to "turn water into a commodity, by privatizing and commodifying," water while neglecting the development, autonomy and the right to self-determination of Indigenous peoples.
The Zapatistas, in conjunction with the Mexican Indigenous National Congress, issued a statement of solidarity and support for Yaqui.
“We believe that the earth is our mother and that the water that runs through her veins is not for sale. The life it gives us is a right, not something that the bad government or the business owners have granted us."
“We demand the immediate cancellation of the arrest warrants and false accusations against members of the Yaqui Tribe, and we condemn the criminalization of their struggle. To the political party-based bad governments we say that the Yaqui River is the historical carrier of the ancestral continuity of Yaqui culture and territory, and that a slight against any of us is a slight against all of us. We will respond accordingly to any attempt to repress this dignified struggle or any other. We make a call to the international community and to our brothers and sisters of the International Sixth to be alert to the events in Yaqui territory and to join in solidarity with the Yaqui Tribe and its demands.”
The Yaqui Traditional Authorities released the following statement at the beginning of the blockade in June:
Yaqui Vicam Pueblo Water Forum/Photo Brenda Norrell
MARIO LUNA/ SECRETARY OF THE YAQUI TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES
YAQUI Territory, México. June 2013
In defense of water from our rivers, the Yaqui People have now blocked federal highway 15 for 21 days. Mario Luna, secretary for the Traditional Authorities of Vicam, describes how disinformation of the legal strategy in defense of Yaqui territory reminds us that only dignity and strength have made it possible for the Yaqui People to defeat the long series of invasions and attempts to rob the land and its natural resources. This time the call is to alert all of the threat from public law enforcement authorities to dismantle Yaqui blockade of federal highway 15.
From federal highway 15, by Vicam Pueblo -- first headquarters of the 8 Pueblos of the Yaqui tribe -- with 45 centigrade degrees in the shade -- Traditional Authorities are gathered and through me, express the following:
The defense of our territory, land and water goes back hundreds of years since the arrival of a culture of ambition and theft. With wars that have manifested heroic and glorious defense and others have been inhuman actions and total disregard to life, ethnocide and inhumanity.
The Yaqui faces of men, women, elders, youth and children demonstrate determination and endurance yet does not express how they have survived for past generations to sustain many armed incursions in addition to mass deportations - driven to the southernmost part of Mexico to be sold as slaves -in the best of cases- if they were not killed by those who tried to take over their land based on Terra Nullius.
Such attitude of dignity and endurance has allowed the Yaqui People to drive back colonizers during the history of Mexico through warfare. Successful in their battles against historical invasions from foreign nations or bad governments during the independence wars as well as Mexican Revolution- including the takeover of the National Palace in Mexico City along with the Revolutionaries-and the bloody Yaqui War.
As Indian People, the Yaqui demand and exercise an autonomy recognized and formalized in several peace treaties and accords for economic, social, and cultural development.
During the last few years of total disregard for the San Andrés Larrainzar (document/treaty elevating indigenous rights to constitutional level) the robbery and extermination campaign against indigenous Peoples that have recovered and conserved their autonomous lands in Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Michoacán and many more in the country have continued. In our case the governmental apparatus has turned against us in order to carry out the last great robbery, called “Acueducto Independencia”, by pretending to reroute the waters from the Río Yaqui to the Rio Sonora basin to satisfy the urgent water needs of the Hermosillo industrial zone -high use water zone for the Ford assembly plant, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Big Cola and beer plants for Tecate and Heineken. In this same action, industry CEO's expect huge profits to cover large and extensive land grabs which now have no commercial value, yet when they acquire adequate water supply, their property value will increase 2 thousand percent.
The Yaqui tribe was not formally consulted but discovered about this megaproject through various sources and is thus tired of living in a state of low intensity warfare since the last peace treaty in 1927. Therefore, the Traditional Authorities from Vícam Pueblo, decided to legally confront this situation with the new battlefront strategy of using a judicial and institutional process. It began with a water restitution lawsuit in the Agrarian Tribunal Tribunal Unitario Agrario número 35, based in Ciudad Obregón, August 2010. Through this measure, we were able to obtain a cautionary recourse that should have blocked this Megraproject. It commits or limits actions or rights on volume water extrations related to “El Novillo” dam. In 2011 we requested a legal waver from the federal justice system in opposition to an environmental impact statement provided by Department of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) to “Sonora Operations Fund” “Fondo de Operaciones Sonora SÍ” for the construction of Acueducto Independencia. After this waver was denied in several courts, it was finally approved on behalf of the Yaqui tribe in Culiacán, Sinaloa District Court and later formalized and published in the Tenth District Court Hermosillo, Sonora.
SEMARNAT then requested to review the waiver and motivated by a series of irregularities denounced by National Human Rights Commission and the Plural Commission (federal Chambers of Senate and Deputies from various political parties) in a historic decision, the National Supreme Court applied their right to summon and resolve to ratify the waiver to the Tribe by recognizing their legal character as Indian Peoples and constitutional and international rights as Yaqui People, to freely seek and be informed with respect to internal protocols, representation as well as by their customs and traditions.
This May 8, 2013 the Supreme Court ruling nullifies the environmental impact statement for the Acueducto Independencia. This also ratifies the status of construction and operation of the aqueduct as illegal to this day.
With the experience lived during hundreds of years of Yaqui Peoples' struggle and today in confronting impunity from Guillermo Padres Elias, Governor of Sonora to take significant volumes of water from “El Novillo” dam, the Traditional Authorities have decided to strengthen civil resistance actions along with the Citizens Movement for Water Movimiento Ciudadano por el Agua – made up of agricultural producers, micro-farmers and civil society from the seven municipalities in southern Sonora who will be impacted by the loss of water being rerouted by the Aqueduct reservoirs.
On May 28, after an enormous march in Ciudad Obregón (over 30 thousand participants, according to organizers), it was decided to take the highways that same afternoon by blocking the entries of both south and north part of the city. Other protesters later joined the blockade from Bacum and Esperanza. As the government continues to show no intention to stop the pumps that illegally take the water stored in the dam, the Traditional Authorities along with the Yaqui troops from Potam and Belem, the protesters took over the highway at Vicam.
On June 11, after several days of continual blockade at several points on the highway (Cajeme, Bacum and Vícam), the delegate of the Department of Communications and Transportation Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT) in Sonora announced that they had filed a complaint with the Attorney General’s office of Procuraduría General de la República (PGR) against several leaders of Movimiento Ciudadano por el Agua and Yaqui Tribe.
The Sonora Attorney General, Carlos Navarro Sugich, announced this as a successful measure by the State Government and has undertaken a media campaign against those responsible within the Commission for defense of tribal water rights.
By seeking approval of the Traditional Authorities of other members in the Yaqui Nation, the State Government was unanimously rejected of its intention to orchestrate the use of public force against the road blockade. The main conflict is that protesters demand that Sonoran rule of law be applied- presently in violation by the Governor of the State - and an end to illegal water extraction of El Novillo dam - covered under the resolution granted by the National Supreme Court Justice to the Yaqui People.
In a climate of tension and rebellion that we live these days, we share these concerns with all Mexican and international people. We have the support and solidarity from the Indian community’s network of Congreso Nacional Indígena National Indigenous Congress, as well as solidarity from teachers of the national coordinator of education workers (CNTE) and public representatives of most local legislators in southern Sonora districts. There is also a political agreement for a joint call to Governor Guillermo Padrés by these local legislators and seven municipal Presidents of southern Sonora (who were present in the traditional guard event at Vicam on June 15) to stop the theft of our water and the rule of law in Sonora.
In the face of constant threats and rumors as to the use of public force against the demonstrations, our call is to be on the alert and avoid the selective use of prompt and expeditious justice against those of us who defend our right to life to use and benefits of our waters. Let us all avoid the impunity and intolerance of a State Government that with their actions promotes divisiveness between southern Sonora with the northern part of our State.
From: Yaqui Territory, June, 2013
Mario Luna Romero
General Traditional Secretary for Vicam Pueblo
Main Headquarters for the eight Yaqui Pueblos
For permission to repost this article, contact: brendanorrell@gmail.com
at September 20, 2013 2 comments:
Labels: barricade, highway blockade, Indigenous Peoples, Mexico, O'odham, Ofelia Rivas, Sonora, Vicam Yaqui, water rights, Zapatistas
Peltier Tribunal on Indigenous Rights announces judges and witnesses
Planning session: Dorothy Ninham, Bill Means and Clyde Bellecourt
The Leonard Peltier International Tribunal on the Abuse of Indigenous Human Rights has announced the judges and the preliminary list of witnesses. The Tribunal will be held at the Radisson Hotel in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on Oneida land, Oct. 2, 3 and 4, 2013. It is open to the public and will be webcast by Earthcycles, with news coverage by Censored News.
Peltier said, "The goal of our Tribunal is to document our many struggles with the U.S. government. The government was involved in outlawing every freedom we valued, from the way we talked to the Creator with our ceremonies to the way we parented our children. Don’t ever forget the spiritual, emotional, physical and mental damage that came from ripping Native children as young as 3 and 4 years old from the arms of their parents and putting them into the hands of cold, hard matrons in the boarding schools. Men who normally provided for their families by fishing and hunting found themselves on the wrong side of the law and hunger became common. Acres and acres of beautiful gardens in Native homelands were destroyed for the harvest of uranium flowing through the veins of our Sacred mother earth." http://www.bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2013/09/leonard-peltiers-statement-on.html
Witness testimony at the Tribunal will include fishing rights, the sterilization of Indigenous women, extreme poverty, theft of tribes' natural resources, environmental issues, the horrific rate of suicides among Native children, and the wrongful conviction of Leonard Peltier.
The agenda, witness list, and judges list has been updated:
http://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2013/09/updated-peltier-tribunal-witnesses-and.html
Earthcycles and Censored News have been asked to provide live coverage of the Tribunal.
Wind Chases the Sun, Inc., a 501(c)3, N5679 Skylark Drive, DePere, WI 54115
Dorothy Ninham - Cell (920) 713-8114; dorothyninham@yahoo.com
Gina Buenrostro - Cell (920) 713-2205; Gina.Buenrostro@yahoo.com
Radisson Hotel and Conference Center
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54313
Tribunal attendees may reserve rooms at the Radisson Hotel and Conference Center at 1-800-967-9033 (toll free) or 920-494-7300 (local).
Other close-by facilities (within blocks or shuttle distance):
Extended Stay at the Airport, 920-499-3600
Wingate by Wyndham by the Airport, 920-617-2000
Statement by Leonard Peltier - 09 September 2013
Official website: Who is Leonard Peltier
http://www.whoisleonardpeltier.info/
Labels: Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, judges, Leonard Peltier, October 2013, Oneida, Tribunal, Wisconsin, witnesses
Tahltan First Nation coal protesters prepare for arrests
Rhoda Quock hugging 9-year son, Caden with Tahltan Elder Bertha Louie at protest camp againt coal mining project in the Pacific coast province of British Columbia.
Photo Credit: Skeena Watershed Conservation Coalition
Tahltan First Nation protesters of coal mine project prepare for arrests
By Wojtek Gwiazda | english@rcinet.ca
Friday 20 September, 2013
http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2013/09/20/tahlton-first-nation-protesters-of-coal-mine-project-prepare-for-arrests/
First Nation Indigenous members of a camp protesting a coal mining operation think they may be arrested this weekend.
The group of about 50 people, including women and children, is camped in the northwestern part of the Pacific coast province of British Columbia at a drill site of Fortune Minerals Limited which plans an open pit coal mine on the site of Mount Klappan. Members of Canada’s federal police force, the RCMP, are there as well.
The Arctos Anthracite Project is planned on what the Tahltan Nation elders call the Sacred Headwaters. The area is the origin of three wild salmon rivers.
RCI’s Wojtek Gwiazda spoke with Chief Marie Quock, of the Iskut Band Council. She is in constant touch with the people at the Klappan camp. More information: Tahltan Central Council website - www.tahltan.org twitter.com /wojtekgwiazda
Labels: BC, Censored News, coal, First Nations, Indigenous Peoples, prepare for arrests, protest, Tahltan
Terrance Nelson 'Economic Terrorism to be Legalized Again'
Terrance Nelson
Economic Terrorism to be Legalized Again
By Terrance Nelson
Roseau River Anishinabe
As Canadian Press reports Tuesday, it is a battle between the good guys and "illegal" supposedly criminals, operating outside the laws of Canada and the Province of Manitoba. The reality is that the immigrants who have come into our lands legislated their own laws to legalize their right to use economic terrorism against the sovereign indigenous nations in Canada and United States.
The Canadian media label First Nation sovereignty as "illegal," the courts which are financed, mandated and follow the laws legislated by the immigrant governments cannot recognize the rightful assertions of the first sovereigns of these lands. The question asked by the Dakota, "how did you get our lands" and "show me a treaty or any documents where we agreed to live under your laws" will not be answered by the judge. The charges of contempt of court however will be dealt with. We can expect the Dakota to be harshly dealt with by the white court. The question will then be, how do the Dakota react to the jailing of their leadership?
First Nations defend illegal Manitoba smoke shop in provincial court
By The Canadian Press September 17, 2013
BRANDON, Man. - Arriving on horseback — some wearing headdresses and carrying ceremonial staffs — members of a Manitoba First Nation appeared in court Tuesday to defend their right to operate an illegal smoke shop which sold half-price cigarettes.
The Dakota Chundee smoke shop south of Virden, Man., opened in 2011 and has been raided several times by police. It has since shut down, but the battle goes well beyond the sale of Mohawk tobacco from Quebec for $40 a carton. http://www.thestarphoenix.com/business/First+Nations+defend+illegal+Manitoba+smoke+shop/8922676/story.html
The Dakota Chiefs in court in Brandon Manitoba are in danger of going to jail. Amongst the many charges they face is contempt of court. If Frank Brown and the Dakota leadership are thrown in jail, what will be the reaction of the Dakota people and other indigenous people in the Three Western Prairie Provinces.
Is it time meet economic terrorism with economic terrorism? The Dakota sit on the oil pipelines that send millions of barrels of oil every day to the United States. Six years ago, the National Day of Action set for June 29, 2007 wasn't taken seriously until the Chief of Birdtail Sioux First Nation joined in. The Canadian National Railway company stole land from the Birdtail Sioux in 1905 and built a rail line through the stolen land. It is still an unresolved issue today.
Will the Dakota shut down that railway line if the Dakota leaders are jailed. Most of the Dakota Nations involved in the cigarettes have between 80 and 90% unemployment in their communities. There is more than enough anger to do blockades if the leaders are jailed. CN has picked up body parts on that railway line on Birdtail Sioux First Nation as youth, women and men committed suicide over the years by allowing the train to run over them.
Economic terrorism reversed
How would white people react to being stopped from doing business. The Judge in the Dakota court case may make his decision by Friday September 20, 2013. The reaction to the decision will be swift if it goes badly for the Dakota. Maybe it is time that the immigrant white people to know how it feels to deal with artificially imposed 60 to 95% unemployment.
Sixty million buffalo were killed in the 1800s to ensure that the Dakota could not feed their people. The United States Seventh Calvary slaughtered 300 men, women and children at Wounded Knee South Dakota in December 1890. From 1860 to 1890, hundreds of thousands of indigenous people were slaughtered or died from deliberately induced biological warfare as the United States expanded into Dakota territory. The Dakota in Canada lost all their lands in the United States, the Treaty of Fort Laramie never fulfilled. The real terrorists have never faced justice, economic terrorism in North America continues unabated. Whether it will be reversed or even recognized as a deliberate Genocide remains to be seen.
Terrance Nelson, Vice Chair American Indian Movement
Labels: Anishinabe, Censored News, First Nation, Indigenous Rights, Massacre, October 2013, Terrance Nelson, tobacco
Winnemem Wintu to protest Shasta Dam raising on Sat., Sept 21, 2013
1236855_10151897769780990...
Caleen Sisk, Chief of the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, speaks against the raising of Shasta Dam as Jessica Abbe, writer for the On Sacred Ground series, listens at the premiere showing of Episode 1: Pilgrims and Tourists, at the Cascade Theatre in Redding on Saturday, September 14. The film was superb with stunning coverage of the common struggles of indigenous people against big government/corporate projects in the Altai Republic of Russia and northern California.
by Dan Bacher
The Bureau of Reclamation will be holding a 75th anniversary celebration of Shasta Dam on Saturday, September 21 -- and the Winnemem Wintu Tribe and their allies will be there to protest plans by the federal agency to raise the huge dam on the Sacramento River.
Tribal leaders say the dam raise will inundate many of the sacred cultural sites not already covered by the waters of Shasta Lake. They also oppose the dam raise because it is designed in conjunction with Governor Jerry Brown's Bay Delta Conservation Plan to build the peripheral tunnels.
The construction of the twin tunnels would hasten the extinction of Central Valley Chinook salmon and steelhead, Delta and longfin smelt, green sturgeon and other species, as well as threaten salmon and steelhead runs on the Trinity and Klamath rivers.
Tribal members and their allies, including members of other Indian Tribes, fishermen and grassroots environmentalists, will meet at the Shasta Dam during the "celebration" at 10 a.m.
"We want them to know we're not going to be idle no more and that they need to deal with us as real people," said Winnemem Wintu Chief Caleen Sisk. "There's nowhere else we can go in the world to be Winnemem. If they raise the dam, they will be taking away our future as a people."
"We can't go to Hoopa or Navajo land to learn to be Winnemem," Sisk said. "This is our Mother Country. We want our salmon back and we want access to participation in the process as a viable community. In their environmental impact report, they list everything we have as archeological sites. However, that's where we dance - that's where we bring our girls across the river in the puberty ceremony."
Sisk is urging people to bring a sign, bring a boat or just come and support the bring the salmon home and No Dam Raise option.
"We are not going to fall silent for this BOR organized celebration priming the pump for a further raise which will drown the rest of our sacred places, which will reduce the chance for introducing salmon above the dam, which will put a big ol' gravel pit in our neighbors' neighborhood and hugely and negatively impact the houseboater's businesses and campgrounds," said Sisk. "It's not just our issue!"
This year, the Bureau has been “celebrating” the 75th anniversary of Shasta Dam with a series of events starting on September 15 and ending on September 21. A Bureau press release describes the dam as "an engineering marvel responsible for water distribution to over 38 million Californians."
The Tribe and its allies this week held a series of film showings to show the other side of the anniversary, starting with the premiere of the wonderful film, Toby McLeod's "Pilgrims and Tourists," showing the commonality of struggles between the Winnemem in California and the indigenous people of the Altai Republic of Russia, at the Cascade Theatre in Redding on Saturday, September 14. They also held screenings of Restore the Delta's "Over Troubled Waters" and Will Doolittle's "Dancing Salmon Home."
"To make room for the reservoir, the BOR stole our lands, destroyed our salmon run, and submerged our burial grounds and sacred sites," according to Sisk. "Many Winnemem were left homeless, and we still have yet to receive to the 'like lands' that were promised to use in the 1941 Indian Lands Acquisition Act, which authorized the stealing of our land."
Sisk added, "When will there be justice for the Winnemem Wintu? Is it right for the BOR to be celebrating the stealing our lands, our burials, our wild Chinook Salmon, our way of life - leaving us with nothing and then calling us an "unrecognized tribe!"
"It is time to Idle No More for the Lenda Nur! (winter chinook salmon). The McCloud River, a world class fishing river, should have the wild Chinook back. The same ones that were sent to New Zealand are ready to come back," Sisk said.
"There is nothing more powerful than a belief that has come of time. Our time has come!" she concluded.
For more information on the impact of Shasta Dam upon the Winnemem Wintu, you can read Marc Dadigan's superb article at:http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/09/20/us-celebrates-dam-wintu-say-it-scar-will-never-heal-151355
Reminder: The 90-day comment period on Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Shasta Lake Water Resources Investigation began on Monday, July 1, and all comments must be received by midnight Monday, September 30. The Draft EIS documents the evaluation of potential effects of six alternative plans to modify the existing Shasta Dam and Shasta Reservoir Project, located approximately 10 miles northwest of Redding, Calif.
Written comments may be mailed or faxed to Katrina Chow, Project Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, Planning Division, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825-1893, fax: 916-978-5094 or email BOR-MPR-SLWRI [at] usbr.gov.
You can learn more at: http://www.shastadamraise.com
http://www.facebook.com/events/1417419835148740/
According to the film project’s website, “Russian shamans and a northern California tribe both confront massive government projects—and find common ground. Around the world, indigenous communities stand in the way of government megaprojects. In the Russian Republic of Altai, a pristine mountain region in southern Siberia, traditional native people create their own mountain parks to rein in tourism, and resist state-run energy giant Gazprom’s plans to run a pipeline to China through a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In California, Winnemem Wintu girls grind herbs on a medicine rock as elders protest U.S. government plans to enlarge Shasta Dam, which would forever submerge this touchstone of the tribe. Winona LaDuke (Anishinaabe), Oren Lyons (Onondaga), Satish Kumar and Barry Lopez provide insights on a growing global indigenous movement for human rights and environmental protection. Narrated by Graham Greene (Oneida), with storyteller Tantoo Cardinal (Métis).”
http://www.sacredland.org/home/films/in-production/
Labels: California, Censored News, Indigenous Peoples, protest, September 2013, Shasta Dam, Winnemem Wintu
Mohawk John Kane 'Rule of Law or Rule of Lawyers?'
Rule of Law or Rule of Lawyers?
By John Kane, Mohawk
We often hear from the righteous voices of the U.S. and Canada when looking at countries and peoples they view as inferior, that “rule of law” must prevail in these “developing” nations. “Developing”…? Excuse me! Forget the fact the U.S. and Canada have no culture or even a language of their own and barely a history, for that matter, compared to other peoples of the world.
But what does “rule of law” even mean?
When the upstart British colonists became dissatisfied with their “mother country,” they set about trying to create something new and distinct from European monarchies — new to them anyway. There is much talk of democracy these days but male dominant aristocracies is a habit hard to break especially when it is all you've known for several centuries. In the view of the “founding fathers,” democracy would empower the ignorant and the uninformed. They believed everyone should have rights. However, there was an important caveat: that “power” needed to be in the hands of the “capable.”
The U.S. did not form a democracy. It was a republic. The distinction between the two comes down to two concepts. The first is where sovereignty is vested. In a republic sovereignty is a birthright. It is vested in the individual; and the sovereignty of a nation comes from the people collectively. In a democracy it is the state that is the sovereign although it is an authority held by the collective of the people. The second thing that separates a democracy from a republic is the notion that the foundation of law or a constitution for a republic is natural law. That is to say that certain rights are inherent and unalienable. In a true democracy all laws are subject to majority (mob) rule. Both these ideas incorporated in the concept of a republic came from the Haudenosaunee. Sovereignty as a birthright, the understanding that creation is the ultimate power, and that any and all constructs of man are bound to that power, is the essence of our opening address, the Ohentonkariwatehkwa.
So when the words, “rule of law” are uttered, I say: hell yeah, agreed, no problem — as long as we are talking laws of nature and not the laws of men imposed on others without consent.
Seemingly, the entire world has forgotten the distinction of natural law from man’s law. Laws do not solve conflict. Even nature’s laws don’t do this — ask the next dinosaur you see how that worked out for them. Law, by court or certainly by lawyers, cannot resolve conflict. No one has ever successfully challenged nature in court. They have used courts to defy it but nature, like us, does not recognize that jurisdiction. Man’s law, on the other hand, is supposed to be based on the establishment of legitimate authority at the foundation of every piece of legislation and should lay out everything from jurisdiction to the legislative intent to constitutionality and basic rightness. It fails on much of this.
Now the biggest problem with this concept of “rule of (man’s) law” is that, unlike nature, we abandon diplomacy and negotiation and basic harmony for court rulings — i.e. winners and losers. And again, unlike in nature, there are flaws in much of the foundation of man’s law.
As I sit here today striking these computer keys and pondering all of this, I insist that there still does not exist any proper legal foundation for the subjugation of Native people to U.S. or Canadian law. And I would imagine the same could be said for many other peoples oppressed by colonial powers. The reality is there was no transfer of our sovereignty, no surrender agreement, no “treaty” asking to join the “club,” no referendum, and certainly no consent to genocide or assimilation. The U.S. and Canada cannot legislate our sovereignty away and their courts and judges cannot just rule it away. By definition the sovereignty of one people is outside the jurisdiction of another.
While I do believe the United Nations should do more than approve a “Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,” I don’t believe the U.N. should be the final arbitrator of any justice. No individual or no organization should have this role — or this right.
We must return to an era of diplomacy and statesmanship. A civilized society needs to have honest and meaningful dialogue to resolve conflicts. It should not be based on might makes right but, rather, on right makes right. Statesmanship and compromise need to be held higher than court precedents and religious dogma. Lawyers and lobbyists playing word games with man-made laws to screw the less fortunate, the environment and future generations need to be thrown off the table and conflicts need to be looked at as things to resolve — not as contests to win.
Published previously in the Two Row Times and posted on the Native Pride blog.
jmkane1220@aol.com
Labels: Censored News, Indigenous Rights, John Kane, lawyers, Mohawk, natural law, radio host
Longest Walk 4: Walking into Lawrence, Kansas
Photos by Carl 'Bad Bear Sampson, Western Shoshone
LAWRENCE, Kansas -- The Longest Walk 4 Return to Alcatraz walked into Lawrence, Kansas, on Friday, Sept. 20, 2013
Photos by Carl 'Bad Bear' Sampson, thank you from Censored News! Bad Bear said today, "All the walkers left looking for other walkers to go all the way with us."
Bad Bear said at Haskell Indian University, "We circled up and said a prayer, then sang the AIM song. We have 26 miles to do each day until next Saturday, 170 miles to Wichita!"
Wednesday's photos, walking west from Kansas City:
http://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2013/09/walking-long-walk-4-headed-west-from.html
More photos: Long walkers with students in Kansas:
http://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2013/09/photos-long-walkers-talk-with-students.html
Long walkers harassed by Kansas police:
http://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2013/09/native-long-walkers-harassed-by-kansas.html
If you can host the walkers in your area, or provide meals, please contact the walk at: Wabus44@gmail.com or at their cell: 202-436-6576.
Return to Alcatraz website with route and donation tab:
www.returntoalcatraz.com
September 19 – 26 - Topeka to Wichita, KS 161 miles
September 27 – 30 - Gathering/ support tar sands and pipeline resistance
October 1 – 17 - Wichita to Pueblo, CO 418 miles
October 18 – 19 - Gathering
October 20 – 31 - Pueblo to Grand Junction, CO 284 miles
Route continues through Utah and Nevada to California, more at: www.returntoalcatraz.com
Ceremony on Alcatraz: Dec. 22, 2013
Labels: Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, Kansas, Lawrence, Longest Walk 4 Return to Alcatraz, sovereignty
VIDEO Vicam Yaqui Highway Blockade in Defense of W...
Peltier Tribunal on Indigenous Rights announces ju...
Tahltan First Nation coal protesters prepare for a...
Terrance Nelson 'Economic Terrorism to be Legalize...
Winnemem Wintu to protest Shasta Dam raising on Sa...
Mohawk Nation News 'Not Final!'
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2894
|
__label__wiki
| 0.63751
| 0.63751
|
buildingphotos.com Venues & Movies Attractions Hotels Shopping Offices Food & Drink
Countries & States Attractions, Landmarks, Museums Sports & Concert Venues Hotels & Accommodations Shopping Offices Food & Drink
hotel & casino resort
photo by Li Yang
10 Bayfront Avenue
N of Marina Blvd
Singapore 018956 Singapore
+65 6688 8888
geo: 1.28345,103.860343
Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort fronting Marina Bay in Singapore, owned by the Las Vegas Sands corporation. The resort includes a 2,561-room hotel, a 120,000-square-metre (1,300,000 sq ft) convention-exhibition centre, the 74,000-square-metre (800,000 sq ft) The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands mall, a museum, two large theatres, restaurants, art-science exhibits, and casino. The complex is topped by a 340-metre-long (1,120 ft) SkyPark with a capacity of 3,900 people and a 150 m (490 ft) infinity swimming pool. The 20-hectare resort was designed by Moshe Safdie architects.
Marina Bay Sands website
Reserve a room / see more photos
Singapore stock photos
[open printer-friendly page]
© 1997-2020 Buildings OnLine→ Home | Privacy Policy | Terms |
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2896
|
__label__cc
| 0.688251
| 0.311749
|
We all have “those” friends. Maybe you’ve known them since childhood, or met in college, or while waiting for a child’s practice to end. Maybe you found yourself living on the same street. There’s no single path to friendship. Relationships don’t follow a script and neither do the lives of smart, funny, complicated suburban women.
Jill, Anne, Mary, and Rachel met years ago through a neighborhood group that regularly got together to play a dice game called bunco. Although players have come and gone, they continue to use bunco as an excuse to abandon their day-to-day responsibilities and enjoy food, drinks, and the company of their best friends.
When new neighbors move in under the cover of night, the foursome sees an opportunity to expand their bunco circle. But within hours, suspicions run rampant as the odd behaviors of the newest residents are interpreted differently. Are they quirky, or kinky? Diabolical, or misunderstood? Time after time, as the truth sheds light on some secrets, more emerge. Each woman finds herself shocked by the friends she thought she knew.
Through the friendly banter, intimate confessions, and tongue-twisting insults, you may see yourself or your friends in these characters. Wipe away tears of laughter and loss as you join the four metaphorical rounds of bunco, and feel part of the conversation. Whether engaging in playful exploits, providing unconditional support, making uncomfortable sacrifices, or winding up in handcuffs again, these ladies are those rarest of friends who become true family. Of course, families don’t follow a script either, unless it is a plot-twisting, slightly off-color comedy about the drama of friendship. And bunco, sort of.
Copyright © March 2020 Four Rounds Of Bunco
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2897
|
__label__cc
| 0.693239
| 0.306761
|
LinkedIn Talent Blog Talent Blog
No one likes popups. But you'll like our newsletter.
Get remarkable recruiting strategies, tips, and trends right in your inbox.
Sourcing Articles
How to Build and Maintain a Pipeline of Warm Talent When Hiring Has Slowed
Samantha McLaren
With hiring on pause at many companies, some recruiting teams are focusing on building and maintaining their talent pipelines to ensure they’re not left playing catch-up later. This is especially important for hard-to-fill positions, where pausing pipelining efforts altogether could set teams back months. Many recruiters are also recognizing that they need to...
Sourcing,
Recruiting Tips,
How to Increase Quality of Hire by Only Sourcing Semi-finalists
Separating sourcing from recruiting never made a lot of sense to me. Many sourcers never even talk to candidates and just pass a list of names to a recruiter. But the best candidates, whether they’re active or passive job seekers, always have multiple opportunities and convincing them your opportunity is worth considering involves just as much recruiting as...
How to Build a Candidate Pipeline in 9 Steps
In the past, recruiting was always, by and large, a reactive game. Circumstances changed, roles opened up, and recruiters were tasked with filling the gaps. But that’s changed a lot in recent years. Today, forward-thinking teams are adopting a more proactive approach to recruiting — thinking actively about their company’s future hiring needs and what they can do...
Applicant Tracking System,
12 Sourcing Tactics That Will Help You Find Exceptional ...
Sourcing can sometimes feel like searching for a needle in a haystack. There are countless great candidates out there, but finding the...
What You Need to Ask the Hiring Manager In Order to Source ...
If a recruiter ever needs to present more than 3-4 candidates in order to make one great hire, there is something fundamentally wrong...
Recruiting Strategy,
3 Tactics to Nail Sourcing and Outreach, According to...
In professional sports, Brendan Browne would be called a “player-coach.” As the Global Head of Talent Acquisition at LinkedIn, he...
Talent on Tap,
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2900
|
__label__cc
| 0.565446
| 0.434554
|
Explain how sound waves travel.
Consider an excited tuning fork or a plucked guitar string, produces sound. On close observation, the prongs of the tuning fork or the string is found to have a hazy and blurred outline on account of rapid vibrations. If they’re gently touched with the fingers, a series of impulses will be felt. These sensations are nothing but the Sound waves The source of a sound wave is vibrating object. Thus, the Sound waves are the traveling waves in which oscillation of pressure is transmitted from one point to another in different mediums We know that waves are the produced disturbance which are formed by vibration and travel through a medium. There’s different types of waves like transverse, longitudinal waves, etc. even whatever we hear that sound also comes in the form of a wave.
So, we can say that sound comes towards us in the form of a wave. The sound waves. are mechanical waves which are created from vibrations between the particles of the medium. When it’s moved through the medium of air then the air particles are displaced by the moving energy of sound waves and wave is travelled. But it can also be a longitudinal wave like in vibrating tuning fork which creates waves from vibrations. But what type of wave is sound? How it’s travelled from one medium to another medium? Is it mechanical wave or longitudinal wave or pressure wave? Here we’re given a complete explanation of these questions. Let’s discuss a detailed description on the sound waves .
Why Does Molar Conductance Increases With Dilution List 5 Reasons Why Food Is Essential
Which Allotropic Form Of Phosphorus Glows In Dark What Is The Modern Periodic Table
What Is The Structure Of Gymnosperms What Is Archimedian Law Of Buoyancy
Describe Parametric Equation Of A Circle Fill In The Blank Increases With The Increase In Oh Ions
Why Is The Cell Called The Structural And Functional Unit Of Life Which Organelle Helps Plants To Provide Food To The Living World
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2906
|
__label__wiki
| 0.553882
| 0.553882
|
PDF Full Download
[PDF] The Search For Terrestrial Intelligence Download
Author: M Taube
Publisher: World Scientific
Category : Medical
The Search For Terrestrial Intelligence
Book by M Taube, The Search For Terrestrial Intelligence Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download The Search For Terrestrial Intelligence books, The research on human intelligence is based on almost all disciplines of modern science. The following questions must be answered: What is information? How does information processing emerge? Can we trace the long and tortuous path of biotic evolution from reflex, through instinct, towards intelligence? The brain, as the most complex system of macro- and micro-structures, unifies energetic, electrical and chemical phenomena and carries human intelligence. Brain functions include memory, emotions, attention, etc. Are there gender differences? Speech, self-consciousness and the feeling of free will are tools of intelligence. What about genius, common sense and personality? Lies, myths, aesthetics and morality are inseparable parts of human intelligence. What about the chances and threats for human intelligence in the distant future? M Taube, a nuclear chemist specializing in the cosmic evolution of matter and energy, and K Leenders, an academic neurologist and head of the positron emission tomography (PET) program at the Paul Scherrer Institute, address those questions in this fascinating book on human intelligence. Contents:Intelligence and InformationUniverse Creates LifeLife Breeds IntelligenceBrain Carries IntelligenceBrain Processes IntelligenceTools of IntelligenceEveryday IntelligenceIntelligence InsideArtificial IntelligenceExtraterrestrial IntelligenceFuture Intelligence Readership: General. keywords:Intelligence;Evolution of Artificial Intelligence;Evolution of Extraterrestrial Intelligence;Evolution of Common Sense;Evolution of Creativity;Evolution of Deception;Evolution of Disordered Intelligence;Evolution of Future of Intelligence;Evolution of Psychactive Agents;Evolution of Brain, Neurons, Synapses
[PDF] The Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence Download
Author: David Lamb
Category : Philosophy
The Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence
Book by David Lamb, The Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download The Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence books, Is the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence a genuine scientific research programme? David Lamb evaluates claims and counter-claims, and examines recent attempts to establish contact with other intelligent life forms. He considers the benefits and drawbacks of this communication, how we should communicate and whether we actually can. He also assesses competing theories on the origin of life on Earth, discoveries of former solar planets, proposals for space colonies and the consequent technical and ethical issues.
[PDF] Extra Terrestrial Intelligence Download
Author: James Lee Christian
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Extra Terrestrial Intelligence
Book by James Lee Christian, Extra Terrestrial Intelligence Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Extra Terrestrial Intelligence books, No Marketing Blurb
[PDF] Seti Download
Book by , Seti Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Seti books,
[PDF] Naturalism Download
Author: William Lane Craig
Book by William Lane Craig, Naturalism Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Naturalism books, Naturalism provides a rigorous analysis and critique of the major varieties of contemporary philosophical naturalism. The authors advocate the thesis that contemporary naturalism should be abandoned, in light of the serious objections raised against it. Contributors draw on a wide range of topics including: epistemology, the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mind and agency, and natural theology.
[PDF] Science Religion And The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence Download
Author: David Wilkinson
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Science Religion And The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Book by David Wilkinson, Science Religion And The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Science Religion And The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence books, If the discovery of life elsewhere in the universe is just around the corner, what would be the consequences for religion? Would it represent another major conflict between science and religion, even leading to the death of faith? Some would suggest that the discovery of any suggestion of extraterrestrial life would have a greater impact than even the Copernican and Darwinian revolutions. It is now over 50 years since the first modern scientific papers were published on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Yet the religious implications of this search and possible discovery have never been systematically addressed in the scientific or theological arena. SETI is now entering its most important era of scientific development. New observation techniques are leading to the discovery of extra-solar planets daily, and the Kepler mission has already collected over 1000 planetary candidates. This deluge of data is transforming the scientific and popular view of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence. Earth-like planets outside of our solar system can now be identified and searched for signs of life. Now is a crucial time to assess the scientific and theological questions behind this search. This book sets out the scientific arguments undergirding SETI, with particular attention to the uncertainties in arguments and the strength of the data already assembled. It assesses not only the discovery of planets but other areas such as the Fermi paradox, the origin and evolution of intelligent life, and current SETI strategies. In all of this it reflects on how these questions are shaped by history and pop culture and their relationship with religion, especially Christian theology. It is argued that theologians need to take seriously SETI and to examine some central doctrines such as creation, incarnation, revelation, and salvation in the light of the possibility of extraterrestrial life.
[PDF] Proceedings Of The 240 Conference Download
Author: Aaron R. Dinner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Proceedings Of The 240 Conference
Book by Aaron R. Dinner, Proceedings Of The 240 Conference Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Proceedings Of The 240 Conference books, Based on the '240' Conference held at the University of Chicagoin September of 2012, this special volume of The Advances inChemical Physics series celebrates scientific researchcontributions and careers of R. Stephen Berry, Stuart A. Rice andJoshua Jortner. In addition to continuing the chemicalphysics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluationsof advances in the discipline, Volume 157 exploresthe following topics: The Emergence and Breakdown of Complexity Dynamics at Extremes Grand Questions Regarding Biomolecular Homochirality in the Originand Evolution of Life The book: celebrates the scientific research contributions andcareers of R. Stephen Berry, Stuart A. Rice and Joshua Jortner contributes to the only series available that presents thecutting edge of research in chemical physics includes contributions from experts in this field ofresearch structured with an editorial framework that makes the book anexcellent supplement to an advanced graduate class in physicalchemistry or chemical physics
[PDF] Searching For Extraterrestrial Intelligence Download
Author: H. Paul Shuch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Searching For Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Book by H. Paul Shuch, Searching For Extraterrestrial Intelligence Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Searching For Extraterrestrial Intelligence books, This book is a collection of essays written by the very scientists and engineers who have led, and continue to lead, the scientific quest known as SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Divided into three parts, the first section, ‘The Spirit of SETI Past’, written by the surviving pioneers of this then emerging discipline, reviews the major projects undertaken during the first 50 years of SETI science and the results of that research. In the second section, ‘The Spirit of SETI Present’, the present-day science and technology is discussed in detail, providing the technical background to contemporary SETI instruments, experiments, and analytical techniques, including the processing of the received signals to extract potential alien communications. In the third and final section, ‘The Spirit of SETI Future’, the book looks ahead to the possible directions that SETI will take in the next 50 years, addressing such important topics as interstellar message construction, the risks and assumptions of interstellar communications, when we might make contact, what aliens might look like and what is likely to happen in the aftermath of such a contact.
[PDF] Encountering Eti Download
Author: John Hart
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Category : Religion
Encountering Eti
Book by John Hart, Encountering Eti Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download Encountering Eti books, Encountering ETI weaves together scientific knowledge and spiritual faith in a cosmic context. It explores consequences of Contact between terrestrial intelligent life (TI) and extraterrestrial intelligent life (ETI). Humans will face cosmic displacement if there are other complex, technologically advanced intelligent beings in the universe; our economic structures and religious beliefs might need substantial revision. On Earth or in space, humans could encounter benevolent ETI (solicitous of our striving for maturity as a species) or malevolent ETI (seeking our land and goods to benefit themselves, claiming that their "superior civilization" gives them the right)--or meet both types of species. Earth Encounters of the Third Kind described by credible witnesses (including American Indian elders) suggest that both have arrived already: some shut down U.S. and U.S.S.R. ICBM missiles to promote peace; others mutilated cattle or abducted people, perhaps to acquire physiological data on biota for scientific study or for other, unknown purposes. Sci-fi movies such as Avatar and novels like The Martian Chronicles describe humans as malevolent ETI aliens: we do to others what we fear others will do to us. A shared and evolving spiritual materiality could enable humanity to overcome cosmic displacement, and guide TI and ETI in a common quest for meaning and wellbeing on cosmic common ground.
[PDF] C S Lewis On The Christ Of A Religious Economy 3 1 Download
Author: P. H. Brazier
C S Lewis On The Christ Of A Religious Economy 3 1
Book by P. H. Brazier, C S Lewis On The Christ Of A Religious Economy 3 1 Books available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. Download C S Lewis On The Christ Of A Religious Economy 3 1 books, C. S. Lewis--On the Christ of a Religious Economy I, Creation and Sub-Creation opens with Lewis on creation, the fall into original sin, and the human condition before God and how such an understanding permeated all his work, post-conversion. For Lewis, Christ, the second person of the Trinity, is the agent of creation and its redeemer. This leads into Lewis's representation through sub-creation: explaining salvation history and the purpose of the creation and the creature through story (The Chronicles of Narnia, The Space Trilogy, Screwtape, etc.), but also the question of multiple incarnations, and the encounters he pens between Aslan-Christ and creatures. What does this tell us about the human predicament and our state after the fall? This volume forms the first part of the third book in a series of studies on the theology of C. S. Lewis titled C. S. Lewis: Revelation and the Christ. The books are written for academics and students, but also, crucially, for those people, ordinary Christians, without a theology degree who enjoy and gain sustenance from reading Lewis's work.
Ocean Yearbook 26
Beyond Monopoly
Scott On Information Technology Law
The Future Is Mestizo
Opera Dead Or Alive
New Directions In International Economic Law
Religion Crossing Boundaries
Desire And Distance
Discovering The Western Past Volume Ii Since 1500
The Ambassadors
Univers Cach S
Count To Sleep Seattle
Outdoor Delaware
Terrestrial Intelligence
Women In England
Conversations Paperback Edition
Song For Sarah
I Shall Bear Witness
Globalization And The American South
Word From New Spain
Finding Joy In Adversity
Best Of Ruby Quiz
Slip Stitch Caps
Powered By WordPress | LMS Academic
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2911
|
__label__wiki
| 0.606376
| 0.606376
|
Into the Streets
A Young Person's Visual History of Protest in the United States
Paperback - 2020
"Prominently featured photos, artwork, and other visual elements will guide young adult readers through this lively, informative exploration of significant protests, sit-ins, and collective acts of resistance throughout US history."-- Provided by publisher.
Publisher: Minneapolis, MN : Zest Books, [2020]
Characteristics: 168 pages : color illustrations ; 26 cm
List - Best Teen Nonfiction of 2020
ChiPubLib_Teens Nov 16, 2020
Full of eye-catching color photos, this book covers all of the important protests in American history between 1492 and 2018. Learn about the Martin Luther King’s March on Washington, the Stonewall riots, the Women’s March and more in this extremely relevant read.
List - Teen Staff Picks (September 2020)
ChiPubLib_Teens Aug 31, 2020
Full of eye-catching color photos, this book covers all of the important protests in American between 1492 and 2018. Learn about the Martin Luther King’s March on Washington, the Stonewall riots, the Women’s March and more in this extremely relevant read.
List - Remembering John Lewis for Teens
ChiPubLib_Teens Jul 20, 2020
Find out about the history of protests in our country, including the march in Selma where Lewis was beaten by police, in this informative and inspiring new book.
Read more reviews of Into the Streets at iDreamBooks.com
Protest Movements — United States — Juvenile Literature.
Protest Movements — United States — Pictorial Works — Juvenile Literature.
Political Participation — United States — Juvenile Literature.
Political Participation — United States — Pictorial Works — Juvenile Literature.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2926
|
__label__wiki
| 0.544208
| 0.544208
|
Although the phenomenon of state failure is not new, it has become much more relevant and worrying than ever before. In less interconnected eras, state weakness could be isolated and kept distant. Failure had fewer implications for peace and security. Now, within a more interconnected global community these fragile states pose dangers not only to themselves and their neighbors but also to peoples around the globe. Preventing states from failing, and resuscitating those that do fail, are thus strategic and global imperatives. CIC has provided research in this arena, developed panel dicussions that have explored critical issues confronting failed states. CIC has also drawn on expertise from the practitioner, NGO, academic and UN communities, provided candid recommendations and potential solutions to the global threat that failed states present.
Program(s): Afghanistan-Pakistan Regional Project, Congo Research Group, Prevention and Peacebuilding
Region/Country: Central Asia, East Asia, Horn of Africa, Libya, Syria, South Asia, India, West Africa
Contracting the Commanders: Transition and the Political Economy of Afghanistan's Private Security Industry
Over the past decade the United States and the international community have funded an unprecedented private security industry in Afghanistan. As a result, this industry has become entangled with the Afghan political economy, as international spending has been implicated in funding informal armed groups and commanders. Considerable uncertainty remains as Afghanistan approaches the 2014 deadline for assuming national security responsibilities.
Publication Date: Oct 11, 2012
Author(s) / Contributor(s): Matthieu Aikins
Region/Country: South Asia, Afghanistan
Topic(s): Afghanistan, Fragile States, International Security, Transnational Threats
The International Role in Libya's Transition
The International Role in Libya's Transition tracks international efforts to assist the peacebuilding process in Libya, from August 2011 when the Libyan war entered its final stages to the year-long renewal of the mandate for the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) in March 2012, drawing attention to the deep level of international engagement there.
Publication Date: Jul 10, 2012
Author(s) / Contributor(s): Emily O'Brien, Richard Gowan
Region/Country: Middle East, Libya
Topic(s): Fragile States
The Use of Force, Crisis Diplomacy and the Responsibilities of States
The Libyan and Syrian crises have caused major international rifts over the use of force and crisis management. In February CIC convened a conference with the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute and the Brookings Institution to address how the U.S., its allies and emerging powers can rebuild trust around crisis diplomacy. The event involved scholars and officials from the U.S., Europe, China, India and Brazil.
Author(s) / Contributor(s): Richard Gowan, Emily O'Brien
Region/Country: Libya, Syria
Topic(s): Arab Awakening, Fragile States
The Mediterranean crisis and the UN
A New Deal for Somalia? : The Somali Compact and its Implications for Peacebuilding
Russia asserting itself against West, this time over Syria regime change
The EU and Syria: everything but force?
Don't write off the Arab League in Syria. . .yet
The Security Council's credibility problem
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2927
|
__label__wiki
| 0.642031
| 0.642031
|
Humanitarians work in some of the most volatile and insecure environments in the world. Even as they come under increasing attack, humanitarian workers find ways to continue delivering life-saving services to populations in need. Dr. Abby Stoddard has coordinated CIC’s research on the topic of humanitarian crises. Dr. Stoddard has written extensively on issues in humanitarian action since 2000. CIC has provided consulation to international humanitarian organizations and emergency relief programs.
Program(s): Congo Research Group, Prevention and Peacebuilding
Region/Country: East Asia, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa
Principles of Protection for Migrants, Refugees, and Displaced People During COVID-19
A group of human rights experts, including CIC's Leah Zamore, co-drafted a statement outlining 14 human rights principles for protecting migrants, refugees, and other displaced persons during and after COVID-19. The principles, which over a thousand legal scholars have signed since late April, have been highlighted by the International Organization on Migration and quoted by the United Nations secretary-general. They are reprinted in full here.
Topic(s): Humanitarian Crises
Program(s): Humanitarian Crises
COVID-19 and Public Support for Radical Policies
With economies around the world suffering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global public wants governments to adopt bold approaches in response—and polls from a range of countries show that large majorities believe their actions have not been strong enough. This briefing examines global polling data showing that policies previously deemed “radical” are now garnering widespread support in many countries.
Author(s) / Contributor(s): Leah Zamore, Ben Phillips
Do or Die: COVID-19 and Imprisonment in Syria
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a dire risk to the tens of thousands of people imprisoned in Syria’s archipelago of prisons and detention facilities. This briefing provides an overview of detention conditions in Syria and outlines a two-step approach to averting a looming catastrophe—one that threatens not only those detained, but the Syrian population at large.
Author(s) / Contributor(s): Hanny Megally , Leah Zamore, Tayseer Alkarim
Region/Country: Syria
Last Refuge or Last Hour? COVID-19 and the Humanitarian Crisis in Idlib
A Global Action Platform and Fund for Forced Migrants: A Proposal
The Tunisia Conundrum: Sowing dictatorship, harvesting terrorism
To Stay Open, Europe Needs to Close Its Doors
If the Refugee Deal Crumbles, There Will Be Hell to Pay
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2928
|
__label__wiki
| 0.839792
| 0.839792
|
PRODUCTION / FUNDING Spain / France
by Alfonso Rivera
14/01/2021 - Ibon Cormenzana is directing this immersive, high-octane emotional adventure, rubbing shoulders with the most perilous, harsh and spectacular sides of nature
Actor Javier Rey and actress Patricia López Arnaiz
Alegría, tristeza, miedo, rabia (lit. “Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anger”) was the original title of the previous film by director-producer Ibon Cormenzana, a Spanish-French production that was eventually released with only the first two elements from that working title (Happy Sad [+see also:
film profile]). Once again, these emotions – and many more – will have a starring role in his new movie, La cima (lit. “The Summit”), which is currently being shot and which, once again, is being made as a joint venture between companies in France and Spain. This epic story stars two actors who are very much in demand right now: Patricia López Arnaiz, the favourite among the nominees for various impending awards thanks to her work in Ane Is Missing [+see also:
interview: David Pérez Sañudo
film profile] (the feature debut by David Pérez Sañudo), and Javier Rey, who is currently gracing screens in El verano que vivimos [+see also:
film profile] (by Carlos Sedes).
According to the film’s synopsis provided by the production companies, Mateo (Rey) is taking on the most dangerous mountain on the planet, the Annapurna, for the first time – he has challenged himself to reach its peak and thus, despite all opposition, keep an old promise. However, during his ascent, he has an accident that leaves him unconscious and seriously injured. Hours later, he is rescued by the brave and feisty Ione (López Arnaiz), a seasoned mountain climber who – in the midst of a complicated time in her personal life – is spending the winter in a refuge, alone and cut off from the rest of the world. Despite her not understanding the reasons that brought the man all the way here, she will try to help him to accomplish his goal. The screenplay has been written by filmmaker Nerea Castro, based on an original storyline by the director.
The shoot for the fourth feature by Cormenzana (who, with his producer’s hat on, has staged titles such as Blancanieves [+see also:
interview: Pablo Berger
film profile] by Pablo Berger and Madre [+see also:
interview: Rodrigo Sorogoyen
film profile] by Rodrigo Sorogoyen, among countless others) began on 21 December and is continuing for six weeks on location in Catalonia, the Basque Country, Aragon, the Alps and Nepal. In Cormenzana’s own words, as well as attempting to make the climbing scenes as realistic as possible, this “epic film homing in on values that are so vital today, such as loyalty and comradeship, will show how, in spite of their fears, the protagonists will take risks that will allow them to outdo themselves and evolve, and in this way, they will come to understand that life should be lived to the max and savoured at every single moment. I would like to generate those same desires in the viewer – the will to dare to achieve their goals unfalteringly and without losing any of the optimism to continue down the path we have chosen.”
La cima – the crew of which includes professionals of the likes of Albert Pascual (Second Origin [+see also:
film profile]) serving as DoP, David Gallart (Eye for an Eye [+see also:
interview: Paco Plaza
film profile]) in charge of editing and Fernando Velázquez tasked with composing the soundtrack (A Monster Calls [+see also:
interview: Juan Antonio Bayona
film profile]) – is a production by Spanish outfits Arcadia Motion Pictures, Aixerrota Films, LaZona and Dorothy Films AIE, in co-production with Noodles Production (France). It boasts the involvement of EiTB and Televisió de Catalunya, and has secured support from the Basque Government. Filmax will take care of distributing it in Spain as well as its international sales.
(Translated from Spanish)
Production / Funding – Poland/France
Production / Funding – France/Luxembourg/Belgium
Production / Funding – France
Production / Funding – UK/Germany/Chile
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2929
|
__label__wiki
| 0.663806
| 0.663806
|
BRIDGING THE DRAGON 2020
Li Xinran • Socia y productora, Lian Ray Pictures
“Los talentos audiovisuales europeos son extremadamente profesionales y tienen una base artística muy sólida”
por Bridging the Dragon
31/12/2020 - Bridging the Dragon ha hablado con Li Xinran, socia y productora en Lian Ray Pictures, responsables de una larga serie de éxitos comerciales
At its 6th Sino-European Project Lab, Bridging the Dragon caught up with Li Xinran, partner and producer at Lian Ray Pictures, the leading Chinese industry conglomerate behind a raft of commercial blockbusters.
Through Bridging the Dragon, you recently acquired the remake rights for Matteo Rovere’s Italian Race [+lee también:
entrevista: Matilda De Angelis
entrevista: Matteo Rovere
ficha del filme]. Why do you think it can be turned into a Chinese film? What was the most appealing element for you?
Li Xinran: What attracted me most in Italian Race are the emotions between the brother and the sister. That is to say, emotion is our first criterion of judgement when picking a film to be remade. People from different cultures may have different interpretations of things, whereas emotion is universal, that’s what humans have in common. It is the most solid thing when you produce a remake.
Do you think acquiring foreign remake rights will be a trend in China?
There have always been buyers of foreign remakes in China. Compared to them, we are neither the biggest buyer nor the earliest. Due to the pandemic in the first half of this year, many companies and talents in China have shifted their focus to content development, and many people are in the state of “retreat & create”. Acquiring remake rights helped companies accumulate content in a short period of time, and helped boost production as soon as the industry recovered from the pandemic. In China the production of many audiovisual projects has already resumed, so the accumulation of this content has allowed talents to start production immediately.
We have heard that in China, the online streaming of dramas is growing rapidly. What do you think about the future of the traditional theatrical release?
Undoubtedly, the pandemic has had a certain impact on traditional theatres in China. And it has also given me more time to research and develop projects for online streaming. In my opinion, movies produced for the internet and movies produced for theatres are two different lines, at least for China. The former is more product-orientated which is based on audiences’ preferences, while the latter is more creator-orientated, focusing on the content of the productions. These two lines are actually complementary.
We have recently developed and produced four online movies in the second half of this year, and we are currently laying out the strategy for this line.
Do you think the future will bring more collaborations between Europe and China?
Yes, absolutely! I am very optimistic. European audiovisual talents are extremely professional and have a very solid artistic foundation. There is a lot of room for co-operation between us in terms of scriptwriting, production knowledge and shooting locations. Through the recent sixth Sino-European Project Lab of Bridging the Dragon, I learned that many projects in Europe have plans to co-produce and cooperate with China. I think there is a wide range of co-operation modes and ways that can be discussed and implemented together.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2930
|
__label__cc
| 0.712154
| 0.287846
|
Kid's Birthday Parties
Discussion in 'The Hens' Nest' started by CoolWife, Feb 23, 2016.
C is about to turn one. Holy Shit.
I don't know what I want to do about a party. My parents are very much "he's one, who cares?" and D's parents are very much "when is the party what can we do we'll plan everything around it?!" On one hand I don't want to subject my friends and family to anything like that because I've always hated kids' parties. On the other hand, now it's payback time. All those assholes can buy my kid some stupid toys for all the shit I got their kids.
What do I dooooooo?
CoolWife, Feb 23, 2016
TaterTot Rulebitch
We did our immediate families only for the first year. We just wanted him comfortable and happy and we wanted the photos we did take of him to be of him in his most natural state, not bewildered by a big crowd and strange faces/voices. Total 180 for his second birthday, though. He grew into a very social, talkative, engaging little boy, and he definitely wanted our/his friends there (we didn't invite anyone who didn't have kids, though). We also said "Your presence is his present, so please no presents." He wants for nothing and we don't need more clutter in the house . . . nor do we want to raise a little emperor. (His grandparents are already giving him enough of a complex on that front.)
We plan to do the same for M, I think. Though she'd definitely do better with a big crowd than J would've at one year.
In our circle of friends, historically we haven't had big parties as a group for our kids, so there's no one I was like "Well, we're definitely inviting them because we suffered through all of their bullshit!"
Also, we have yet to do a theme. Fuck that. The theme is "birthday party." You have party food and cake and balloons and kiddie crafts and goodie bags and let the kids go nuts. That's all that's required.
TaterTot, Feb 23, 2016
android likes this.
My niece had her 1 year a few months ago. We weren't able to go, but the pics are adorable. It was pretty small and at a park, but it did have a theme: Ducks. Because she loves ducks.
Autocorrect tried to change that to Dick's...
user4030, Feb 23, 2016
I need friends like yours. I like my friends, and their kids, but I don't want to sit around for 3 hours watching them play with new toys and making small talk with their aunt.
C needs nothing either. But there are things I'd like to get him, since he doesn't have a lot of age appropriate toys. It's the stupidest thing to whine about, and I realize what a brat I sound like, but he gets no good gifts. My parents have no moneys, which I 100% understand and I'd rather they spend time with him. But my brother just never gets anything, though I buy SUCH good gifts for his girls. D's parents and brother are terrible at getting gifts. Like, really bad. Which isn't helped by D just telling them "don't get anything, or get something he needs." So we get shitty rice cereal by the case and whatever TJMaxx has in his size.
This helps, thanks.
pinacolada Chicken
You could just do a big adult party where C just happens to be there for all/part of it. My first birthday (near Christmas) was a Hot Toddy party. I was there in the beginning, got some presents and then went to bed (there was also a private party with the grandparents & my cake earlier in the day). My sister's first birthday was an outdoor barbecue, where my dad's band played and the cops got called because we were being loud.
I don't remember either of these events, but I've seen video and they looked like a blast!
pinacolada, Feb 23, 2016
Part of my problem is no one is local. My family is a 2 or 4 hour drive away, his family at least a 2 hour drive away. If I don't want them getting hotels, leaving early, or trying to stay with us, it'd have to be mid-afternoon.
This would be easier if he was born closer to his due date and I knew the weather would be nicer, I'd just fire up the grill and throw some chairs on the deck.
When else would it be, though? J was still taking two naps a day (assume M will be, too), so the only time that made sense to have his party was after his afternoon nap. So like 3-5 or 3-6. We did the same thing for his second birthday because we didn't want our friends with kids to have to leave for naps or try to put them down in PnPs at our house while a party was going on. Basically, we didn't want naps to thwart a good time, if there was one to be had.
C's naps are all over the place. At daycare he takes cat naps, then comes home and crashes. Weekends he does take 2 long naps, but if I let him sleep in he'd stay up later no problem.
Girrrrrl. Tell day care to get those naps under control. 9:30-10:45. 1-3. That's the nap code crack. You heard it here first.
android, Honey and CoolWife like this.
Imabug1002 Chick pee
Tater, I had to re-read "total 180" like 3 times because I thought you invited 180 people to the party in total. Then I realized this isn't the bee and you're not that crazy. You just meant it was very different. #readingcomprehensionfail
Imabug1002, Feb 23, 2016
April Ludgate and TaterTot like this.
They just let babies sleep whenever. They think he does awesome because they aren't here to see his normal 2-3 hr naps. He'll be golden once he gets into the toddler room.
The first birthdays Ive been to have all been for us to drink, eat, and hang out more so than the kiddo. We bring a gift, usually clothes or a small toy that the parent needs.
antisocialite, Feb 23, 2016
BigFatGoalie Chicken
Most first birthdays tend to be small in my circle. Immediate family and low-key. Go bigger when he's awake more.
BigFatGoalie, Feb 23, 2016
@CoolWife, I didn't even see the post above the post about no one being local. That's tough! I know it seems silly to be like wahhh, buy my baby things, but a useful, appropriate gift really is so appreciated. If I feel like someone is going to make a questionable choice, I will suggest books.
I made him an Amazon wish list that's 80% books, college tuition, and a couple toys, but I'm hesitant to share it with anyone.
We just did M's party and it was only our immediate families. My family is the same as yours @CoolWife, they didn't understand why a 1 year old needs a birthday party. We didn't do a theme because honestly, that just would have been for me and I didn't care enough.
Roo, Feb 23, 2016
CoolWife likes this.
CW, I keep a "wish list" just so I remember stuff I'm considering or may give as a gift idea. If people ask, I will give them the link, but otherwise keep it quiet.
How do people feel about putting 529s (or other college tuition) on lists for babies? I really hate honeyfund/gofundme/etc at weddings but I somehow feel that's a little different, but maybe I'm biased. Clothes, books, toys are all awesome, but college money is far more useful (compound interest!!). That said we only tell our immediate families about the 529 option either way.
I think we'll do a first birthday but it will be small, maybe a cookout and drinks with a few friends.
I know a couple who sent their child's Amazon wish list out with the invites for the first and second birthday parties. Rubbed me the wrong way.
Fitz, Feb 24, 2016
I put the link for his 529 on his wish list. My brother said "college is on you, I'll buy him cute shit."
April Ludgate Chicken
I just went to my best friend's baby's first birthday party and it was really fun. They had pizza, beer, and wine and everyone just hung out. Her nieces and nephews just ran around in the yard. It was more like a party that her baby just happened to be at and he got a lot of cake.
April Ludgate, Feb 24, 2016
Yea I wouldn't side eye a 529 being on a general list as an option at all. However, if it was mentioned seperately on a card or requested as the preferential gift then it just seems like "give us cash, because we won't appreciate anything else."
Eta: What I mean is a siuation like this:
My SIL said at a family gathering when her shower came up as a topic "while we have a registry we would really like everyone to consider a honeyfund donation instead or in addition! It is an experience and so much more special! You get a picture!" Everyone gave her a dirty look.
Glen Coco Chicken
My nephew's 1st birthday this is this weekend. He has a ton of toys and books, so I was planning on giving cash towards his college fund. Is there something else I should be considering?
Glen Coco, Feb 25, 2016
Erie Florida AF
Glen Coco said: ↑
Re: the college fund. If you're going to do it yearly, it might make sense to open a 529 college savings plan for him so you can also deduct it from your taxes...just figured I'd throw it out there!
Erie, Feb 25, 2016
Glen Coco likes this.
That's a good idea. I was thinking cash because my sister is a type A control freak especially with finances (she's very self aware of this fact though), but I was unaware of the tax benefit.
Our financial advisor talked about them to us this week when I mentioned wanting to help contribute to future nieces' and nephews' college funds. It's tax deductible. She did say that she always recommends that you NOT tell the kids/parents you're doing it because the money can be used for any educational expense and you can change the beneficiary at any time (so if you decide to go back to college in 10 years and you decide you'd rather use it yourself, there are no hard feelings about using the "kid's" money). Also so it's more of a general nice surprise instead of the kid counting on it and not trying for scholarships and stuff.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2931
|
__label__cc
| 0.545351
| 0.454649
|
WORLDWIDE SHIPPING AVAILABLE WORLDWIDE SHIPPING AVAILABLE
Antonio Mora
Ashley Woodson Bailey
Gray Malin
Dina Broadhurst
Kit Agar
Magnus Gjoen
Yana Potter
Rebeca Cygnus
Shop Alessandra's Picks
Shop Collectables
Shop By Medium Plus Icon Minus Icon
Amanda Talley
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Amanda Stone Talley was raised in Louisiana before leaving to earn a BA from Mary Baldwin College and an MFA from SCAD in painting. She returned to her hometown in 2000, settling in historic New Orleans where she continues to work from her studio gallery.
Taking many forms, whether drawing, painting, or creating light boxes, Amanda’s work is uniquely identifiable. Her process is all about about the movement and energy in the moment of painting; her style is abstract-expressionistic in nature, but figure and form frequently emerge from the reverberating compositions.
Mostly inspired by the vibrant culture of New Orleans, which is reflective in her use of colour and lines, each piece is completed in one session; Amanda’s main objective is to evoke the moment of that piece’s creation. This lends her work the liveliness that has captivated so many collectors. She continues to be one of the most sought after artists of her generation.
Explore Amanda Talley's Work
Invested
EOS I
Instagram @citizenatelier
Luxury Art, curated.
Citizen Atelier is an online art gallery that brings together contemporary photography and works on paper from a range of international artists, both emerging and established. Pieces from our collection hang in the homes of some of Hollywood’s biggest names, as well as luxury hotels and Fortune 500 companies worldwide.
SIGN UP FOR LOVE NOTES
New arrivals, exclusive art drops & more.
© Copyright 2014-2021 Citizen Atelier
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2932
|
__label__wiki
| 0.69405
| 0.69405
|
2012/13 Ulster Home Rugby Shirt (L)
Size: Adult’s Large
Manufacturer: Kukri
Colour: White, red & black trim
Seasons: 2012/2013 & 2013/2014
Official Kukri Ulster home rugby shirt from the 2012/13 season.
Condition of this original rugby shirt is 9/10 – Superb (see photos).
The 2013–14 season proved trophyless again. For the first time, Ulster won all their Heineken Cup group games, with away victories against Montpellier and Leicester Tigers being the highlight. They were knocked out at the quarterfinal stage with a 17–15 home defeat to Saracens. The Pro12 season was racked with inconsistency and Ulster finished the league season in fourth place.
This set up an away semi-final with Leinster, and for the fourth time in four seasons the season was ended by their old foes with a 13–9 defeat. The season ended with the retirements of captain Johann Muller, centre Paddy Wallace, and flanker Stephen Ferris. Director of Rugby David Humphreys also left the province to take up a similar position at Gloucester Rugby. Following Humphreys' departure, Mark Anscombe was sacked by the province and was replaced by Ireland defence coach Les Kiss on an interim basis.
‹ See more Ulster Rugby Shirts.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2937
|
__label__wiki
| 0.703628
| 0.703628
|
QuickSuper
QuickSuper Browser Support NoticeHelp?
Internet Explorer 6 and 7 Support
In April 2014 the extended support period for Microsoft Windows XP operating system and Internet Explorer version 6 will end. Also the mainstream support period for Microsoft Windows Vista and Internet Explorer version 7 has also come to an end.
After March 2014, QuickSuper will no longer support Internet Explorer 6 and Internet Explorer 7. Users attempting to log in using those browsers will no longer be able access QuickSuper.
How can I continue to access QuickSuper after March 2014?
If you are using IE6 or IE7 to continue using QuickSuper you must upgrade to Internet Explorer version 8 (or a later version) to continue to access QuickSuper. You may need to discuss this upgrade with your system administrator.
Microsoft provides the following web pages to assist you with selecting the correct version of Internet Explorer:
Which version of Internet Explorer am I using?
Download the latest version of Internet Explorer
Statewide Superannuation Pty Ltd ABN 62 008 099 223 (AFSL 243171) trustee and RSE Licensee of Statewide Superannuation Trust ABN 54 145 196 298. Collectively referred to as Statewide Super.
Statewide Super does not recommend, endorse or accept responsibility for this service. Statewide Super does not accept liability for any loss or damage caused by use of the QuickSuper service. Statewide Super does not receive any commissions from Westpac as a result of employers using this service.
The QuickSuper service is provided to you by Westpac Banking Corporation ABN 33 007 457 141 ("Westpac") at the request of Statewide Super. Westpac terms and conditions apply to the QuickSuper service which you will be asked to accept. General advice on this website has been prepared without taking into account your objectives, financial situation or needs. Before acting on the advice, consider its appropriateness. You should also consider the QuickSuper Product Disclosure Statement (PDS). The PDS is relevant when deciding whether to acquire or hold a product.
By accessing and viewing this website you agree to be bound by Westpac QuickSuper's Terms and Conditions of this website.
© Westpac Banking Corporation ABN 33 007 457 141 AFSL and Australian credit licence 233714.
An error occurred communicating with the server. Please reload the page and try again.If the problem persists, please contact the QuickSuper helpdesk to resolve.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2938
|
__label__cc
| 0.612675
| 0.387325
|
info.cooley.edu/blog
wmich.edu/law
The PILLAR – News
← Clinton vs. Trump: Con Law Professor Describes Election ‘What If’ Scenarios
The costs of war →
by cooleylawschoolblog | November 9, 2016 · 8:00 am
Applauded Leadership Program Expands Participation for Community Members
The Leadership In Times of Crisis program was recently featured in, and endorsed by, the Grand Rapids Business Journal in a recent article. The successful program is now expanding participation in the next session for community members.
The program, a one of a kind collaboration between the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum, Western Michigan University and Western Michigan University Cooley Law School, is looking to encourage and craft principled leaders of integrity to lead in times of crisis. The program uses several of President Ford’s difficult and controversial decisions as vehicles for exploring leadership with integrity. The final session of the fall program, to be held Nov. 12, features Kalamazoo County Commissioner Kevin Wordelman leading a discussion on President Ford’s handling of the New York City bankruptcy and its relevance today.
Earlier sessions featured Brigadier Generals Thomas Edmonds and Michael McDaniel exploring leadership lessons from the fall of Saigon and the Helsinki Accord, and Professor Devin Schindler exploring lessons from President Ford’s pardon of former President Richard Nixon.
The class is open to all members of the community. Reservations are being taken for the next three sessions in 2017, which will be held on three Saturday mornings – one in January, February and March. Interested individuals should contact WMU-Cooley Professor Victoria Vuletich at 616-301-6800, ext. 6960, or by email at vuleticv@cooley.edu.
Participants who successfully complete the program receive a certificate from the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum reflecting their participation in the program.
The program has also received the support of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation. The foundation provided each of the students with a copy of the DVD, Gerald R. Ford, A Test of Character, which was commissioned by the Peter F. Secchia Family.
WMU-Cooley Law School Victoria Vuletich teaches Professional Responsibility. She is chairperson of the American Bar Association (ABA) Center for Professional Responsibility Continuing Legal Education Committee. She was a member of the ABA Standing Committee on Client Protection 2004-2008, and was formerly president of the Shiawassee County Bar Association.
Filed under Ethics, Faculty Scholarship, Latest News and Updates, Uncategorized
WMU-Cooley Law School Holds Honors Convocation in Lansing
WMU-Cooley Faculty Member Honored as one of 2017 Women in the Law
Attorney Choi T. Portis Honored with the Barristers President’s Award from the Detroit Bar Association
WMU-Cooley Law School Holds Honors Convocation in Grand Rapids
WMU-Cooley’s Lansing Campus to Host Seminar on Marijuana Laws
About Cooley Law School, History
Alumni Stories and News
Cooley's Great Locations
Knowledge, Skills, Ethics
Military Feature
Student News, Achievements, Awards
The Value of a Legal Education
WMU-Cooley Innocence Project
info.cooley.edu/blog · WMU Cooley Law School Official Blog Site
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2944
|
__label__cc
| 0.551508
| 0.448492
|
NGOs demand Portuguese EU Presidency puts public interest centre stage
Sixty four civil society organisations from Portugal and across the EU have today demanded action to tackle corporate influence and to promote lobby transparency, accountability, and democratic reform.
Big Tech brings out the big guns in fight for future of EU tech regulation
The next big EU lobby battle is already underway: Google, Facebook, and Microsoft are among the companies making huge efforts to shape the upcoming Commission proposals to regulate the digital market. And the Brussels Bubble is already buzzing.
From Facebook friends to lobby consultants
Several recent revolving door scandals show the weakness of EU staff rules on public officials taking up roles – particularly lobbying roles – in the private sector. Only one in two hundred applications for employment during the notification period or while on leave are rejected by the Commission services.
European Commission: Take action to stop revolving doors
Civil society groups demand action from the European Commission on revolving doors. In a open letter they list proposals that follow on a case in the European Banking Authority, that showed how the Commission is responsible for loopholes.
Big Tech Lobbying
Big Tech firms are spending more and more lobbying in Europe – a clear sign of the industry’s growing power. Its increased lobby spending also reflects the importance of key upcoming policy battles. Yet, lack of transparency remains a problem.
Power and profit during a pandemic
In a pandemic the pharmaceutical industry is hailed as a saviour; yet the industry is using the crisis to lock in its problematic, profit-maximising model. Pushing for public money with no-strings-attached, the industry’s wish-list could restrict access to COVID-19 drugs and vaccines, prolonging the pandemic in the name of profit.
Given the upcoming revision of the Tobacco Products Directive, it is high time that the EU meets its obligations to ensure that lobbying by the tobacco industry to influence public officials faces tighter scrutiny and pro-active transparency.
EU Watchdog Radio: Episode 7
In this seventh episode Vicky Cann from Corporate Europe Observatory and Nina Katzemich from LobbyControl dig into the so-called green credentials of the German Government. They explain how the Government’s ‘love affair’ with gas and its unconditional support for the automobile sector are two clear cut examples of how its EU Presidency, starting today, risks preventing effective climate action by the EU.
Germany will shortly take over the EU Council Presidency at a critical time. A new report looks at the German Government’s record in its own EU decision-making and exposes how time and again it is too close to corporate interests.
Hidden contracts? Corporate lobby spending in EU member states in the spotlight
Corporate Europe Observatory filed a complaint to the Register regarding the inaccurate, low-ball lobby spending figures declared by both Monsanto and its lobby firm FleishmanHillard. In response the Register’s secretariat has now announced it will present new guidelines to make sure registrants will include their lobbying spending at national level if it concerns EU policy-making. This should generate a far more realistic picture of corporate lobby spending in the EU.
In the Name of Innovation
A detailed summary of the findings and conclusions of two extensive reports on research public-private partnerships in the EU: the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) and the Bio-Based Industries (BBI) Joint Undertakings.
Research & Destroy
BBI is a public-private partnership between lobby groups representing the agribusiness, forestry, biotechnology, chemical, and fossil fuel industries on the one hand, and the European Commission’s DG Research & Innovation, ostensibly to help build a “sustainable low-carbon economy”.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2947
|
__label__wiki
| 0.792429
| 0.792429
|
Repeat offenders: Serial red carpet disasters
By The Fix|1:00pm Oct 30, 2013
We understand that there's a certain element of the theatrical that needs to be embraced in Nicki Minaj's style, but there's just something about her red carpet choices that seem to imply she's eternally celebrating Halloween.
Rihanna may have designed her own collection for UK fashion powerhouse, River Island, but the young Barbadian has made some truly unstylish decisions during award season. The peakaboo, cotton candy tragedy of 2011 (left) is still one the most memorable Grammy entrances we've seen in years!
Even one of the world's most desirable women can't get it right every time! Aside from her shimmering, swim-cap dress of '06 (left), our favourite fashion debacle has to be the glitterati jumpsuit JLo wore to the American Idol premiere in 2011 (middle).
There seems to be a running theme in Paris Hilton's wardrobe — more sequins equal more style. Unfortunately for the American heiress, the mantra doesn’t seem to have ever served her well, with her many red carpet appearances failing to impress.
We love us some Lena Dunham, so it pains us to include her on the list, but the Girls creator just cannot seem to strike it right on the fashion front. From her floral parachute at this year's Emmy Awards (left), to that drab, brown disaster at the Golden Globes (middle), Lena is in need of some serious style advice before her next red carpet event.
There's no denying Xtina has some stunning style moments to her name, but she's also been a fashion roadkill victim more times than we can count. Who can forget the unspeakable flamingo getup from the 2003 MTV Music Awards…
For a woman who is regularly featured on "best dressed" lists around the world, Sarah Jessica Parker sure knows how to mess it up on the red carpet. When she's not squeezing into mini-dresses more suited to a 16 year old (left), she's wrapping herself in the family picnic blanket for a night out at the Met Gala (middle).
In keeping with the destruction of her Disney image, Miley Cyrus has been working all sorts of fashion-sins lately. Her bedazzled lycra pants and crop top outfit (middle) was perhaps only eclipsed by the teddy bear onesie she later showed off onstage at this year's VMAs.
Remember the briefly successful show Heroes? Yeah, us neither. But it launched the career of young Hayden Panettiere and a string of questionable outfits, including the unforgettable frumpy fiasco from the 2007 Emmy Awards (right).
Hayden Pantierre
Anne Hathaway seems to cop a lot of undeserved flak, but when it comes to her fashion choices, we're afraid her critics might be justified. Exhibit A: Her attempt at nerdy-chic in a purple chandelier dress and thick framed glasses (middle).
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2951
|
__label__wiki
| 0.966734
| 0.966734
|
PowerRangersSuperSamurai
The ‘Power Rangers Super Samurai’ Christmas Special Is The Best Clip Show Ever
I haven't actually watched an episode of Power Rangers in around two decades. If there's one thing I love at this time of year, however, it's a Christmas Special, so when I saw that Power Rangers Super Samurai: Stuck On Christmas had been added to Netflix Instant, I was delighted...
Parting Shot: The Power Rangers Recreate Iconic Album Covers [Video]
Continuing its tradition of marketing Power Rangers Samurai/Power Rangers Super Samurai with viral videos capitalizing on the Internet's collective adoration for flash mobs and dubstep, among other things, Saban has posted yet another shut-up-and-smile style segment to its official YouTube pag…
ComicsAlliance Celebrates Nighloktober!
While other sites may be content to bring you Rocktober, Shocktober or Mohawktober, ComicsAlliance is committed to commemorating the things that really matter! That's why this month, we're bringing you 31 days of CA Editor Caleb Goellner's mandatory celebration of Nighloktober...
Link Ink: ‘Lego Batman: The Movie’ Trailer, New ‘Asterix’ And Naruto Cosplays As Goku
Animation: Warner Bros. Home Entertainment has released a trailer for its upcoming Lego Batman: The Movie - DC Superheroes Unite animated feature, which seems to mostly consist of cutscenes from the LB2:DCS video game. Hopefully it gets some original animation, too...
Link Ink: Dubstep Power Rangers, Transformer Hats And ‘Arrow’ In Action
Video: The Samurai Rangers kick it to an official dubstep remix of the Power Rangers Super Samurai theme song. In related news, the world is a wonderful place and everything is going to be okay.
TV: In response to the successful debut of its new CG animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series this p…
Link Ink: Archie Teams With MAC Cosmetics, A New ‘Dragon Ball’ Movie And Ghibli Metal
Fashion: MAC Cosmetics and Archie Comics are collaborating on a Betty and Veronica-inspired cosmetics collection called "MAC Archie's Girls."
Anime: Shueisha's Weekly Shonen Jump magazine has announced that a new film adaptation of Dragon Ball is in the works -- no word w…
Link Ink: More ‘Marvel Heroes,’ Higgs Boson Explained And Batman’s Taxes
Gaming: Gazillion's COO David Brevik gives fans their latest look at the Marvel Heroes MMO in the game's first developer diary.
Upcoming: Buck Rogers will return to new comic book adventures from Hermes Press as written and illustrated by Howard Chaykin...
The Power Rangers Return to Comics in ‘Power Rangers Super Samurai’ Vol. 1 [Preview]
On June 27, Papercutz restores the Power Rangers to comic book duty in Power Rangers Super Samurai Vol. 1: Memory Short, the first in a series of 64-page graphic novels (available in both softcover and hardcover formats) expanding on the Nickelodeon live action series with original stories by Stefan…
Link Ink: New Image of ‘The Avengers’ S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier Toy, BlackBerry’s Superhero…
Toys: IGN has a huge new image of Hasbro's 3-foot-long S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier toy from The Avengers movie toy line. It's no USS Flagg, but it'll do for now.
Marketing: BlackBerry released an infographic featuring superheroes known as "The Bold Team" based on...
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2954
|
__label__wiki
| 0.659964
| 0.659964
|
Why Carnegie
You Are Exploring
Genetics & Developmental Biology
Deciphering the complexity of cellular, developmental, and genetic biology
CRISPR helps researchers uncover how corals adjust to warming oceans
Caribbean coral reefs under siege from aggressive algae
How an egg cell’s “operating manual” sets the stage for fertility
Quality control mechanism closes the protein production “on-ramps”
Genetics & Developmental Biology Stories
Reproductive tract secretions elicit ovulation
Baltimore, MD— Eggs take a long time to produce in the ovary, and thus are one of a body’s precious resources. It has been theorized that the body has mechanisms to help the ovary ensure that...
Explore this Story
Solving Stem Cell Mysteries
Baltimore, MD— The ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate into different types of cells with different functions is regulated and maintained by a complex series of chemical interactions,...
Carnegie Institution and UMASS Medical School Granted Broad U.S. Patent Related to RNA Interference
Washington, D.C.—The Carnegie Institution for Science and the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) have been granted United States Patent 8,283,329, entitled, “Genetic inhibition of...
Gut bacteria increase fat absorption
Baltimore, MD —You may think you have dinner all to yourself, but you’re actually sharing it with a vast community of microbes waiting within your digestive tract. A new study from a team including...
Carnegie’s Donald Brown Wins Lasker-Koshland Award
Baltimore, MD—Director Emeritus Donald Brown, of Carnegie’s Department of Embryology, receives the prestigious 2012 Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science “For exceptional...
Possible muscle disease therapeutic target found
Baltimore, MD — The study of muscular system protein myostatin has been of great interest to researchers as a potential therapeutic target for people with muscular disorders. Although much is known...
Studying fish to learn about fat
Baltimore, MD — In mammals, most lipids (such as fatty acids and cholesterol) are absorbed into the body via the small intestine. The complexity of the cells and fluids that inhabit this organ make...
Insect glands may illuminate human fertilization process
Baltimore, MD — Insect glands are responsible for producing a host of secretions that allow bees to sting and ants to lay down trails to and from their nests. New research from Carnegie scientists...
Explore Carnegie Projects
The role of organelles in the cell nucleus that synthesize and process RNA
The Gall laboratory studies all aspects of the cell nucleus, particularly the structure of chromosomes, the transcription and processing of RNA, and the role of bodies inside the cell nucleus, especially the Cajal body (CB) and the histone locus body (HLB). Much of the work makes use of the giant...
Explore this Project
The biology of reproduction studying ovarian stem cells of the fruitfly
The Spradling laboratory studies the biology of reproduction. By unknown means eggs reset the normally irreversible processes of differentiation and aging. The fruit fly Drosophila provides a favorable multicellular system for molecular genetic studies. The lab focuses on several aspects of egg...
Understanding the musculoskeletal and hypothalamic systems
The Fan laboratory studies the molecular mechanisms that govern mammalian development, using the mouse as a model. They use a combination of biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches to identify and characterize signaling molecules and pathways that control the development and maintenance of...
Meet Carnegie Scientists
Frederick Tan
Frederick Tan holds a unique position at Embryology in this era of high-throughput sequencing where determining DNA and RNA sequences has become one of the most powerful technologies in biology. DNA provides the basic code shared by all our cells to program our development. While there are about 30...
Meet this Scientist
Kamena Kostova
Staff Associate Kamena Kostova joined the Department of Embryology in November 2018. She studies ribosomes, the factory-like structures inside cells that produce proteins. Scientists have known about ribosome structure, function, and biogenesis for some time. But, a major unanswered question...
Chen-Ming Fan
The mouse is a traditional model organism for understanding physiological processes in humans. Chen-Ming Fan uses the mouse to study the underlying mechanisms involved in human development and genetic diseases. He concentrates on identifying and understanding the signals that direct the...
Autism linked to egg cells’ difficulty creating large proteins
New work from Carnegie’s Ethan Greenblatt and Allan Spradling reveals that the genetic factors underlying fragile X syndrome, and potentially other autism-related disorders, stem from defects...
Glowing cholesterol helps scientists fight heart disease
A newly developed technique that shows artery clogging fat-and-protein complexes in live fish gave investigators from Carnegie, Johns Hopkins University, and the Mayo Clinic a glimpse of how to study...
Fertility: Sacrificing eggs for the greater good
Baltimore, MD— A woman’s supply of eggs is a precious commodity because only a few hundred mature eggs can be produced throughout her lifetime and each must be as free as possible from genetic damage...
Steve Farber recognized for science mentorship
This week Carnegie’s Steve Farber will be recognized by New England Biolabs Inc. with its Passion in Science Award in the category of Mentorship and Advocacy. Farber co-founded a non-...
What genes cause morbid obestity?
The hypothalamus is an essential brain center that maintains multiple physiological homeostatic processes by modulating pituitary hormone secretions. Two centers (nuclei) of the hypothalamus, the...
Give to Carnegie
You Can Support Scientific Discovery.
Sign Up to Receive Carnegie Communications.
If you are interested in receiving any of our materials, learn more
Explore Carnegie Science
Baltimore, MD— The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system can help scientists understand, and possibly improve, how corals respond to the environmental stresses of climate change. Work led by Phillip Cleves—who joined Carnegie’s Department of Embryology this fall—details how the revolutionary, Nobel Prize-winning technology can be deployed to guide conservation efforts for fragile reef ecosystems.
Cleves’ research team’s findings were recently published in two papers in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Corals are marine invertebrates that build extensive calcium carbonate skeletons from which reefs are constructed. But this
Baltimore, MD—Human activity endangers coral health around the world. A new algal threat is taking advantage of coral’s already precarious situation in the Caribbean and making it even harder for reef ecosystems to grow.
Just-published research in Scientific Reports details how an aggressive, golden-brown, crust-like alga is rapidly overgrowing shallow reefs, taking the place of coral that was damaged by extreme storms and exacerbating the damage caused by ocean acidification, disease, pollution, and bleaching.
For the past four years, the University of Oxford’s Bryan Wilson, Carnegie’s Chen‑Ming Fan, and California State University Northridge’
Baltimore, MD— Recently published work from Carnegie’s Allan Spradling and Wanbao Niu revealed in unprecedented detail the genetic instructions immature egg cells go through step by step as they mature into functionality. Their findings improve our understanding of how ovaries maintain a female’s fertility.
The general outline of how immature egg cells are assisted by specific ovarian helper cells starting even before a female is born is well understood. But Spradling and Niu mapped the gene activity of thousands of immature egg cells and helper cells to learn how the stage is set for fertility later in life.
Even before birth, "germ" cells
Baltimore, MD— Recent work led by Carnegie’s Kamena Kostova revealed a new quality control system in the protein production assembly line with possible implications for understanding neurogenerative disease.
The DNA that comprises the chromosomes housed in each cell’s nucleus encodes the recipes for how to make proteins, which are responsible for the majority of the physiological actions that sustain life. Individual recipes are transcribed using messenger RNA, which carries this piece of code to a piece of cellular machinery called the ribosome. The ribosome translates the message into amino acids—the building blocks of proteins.
More Press ReleasesMore Carnegie News
No content in this section.
Small RNAs in egg and sperm cell development
Left and right side differences of the developing brain
Mechanisms of cell division, homeostasis, aging, and cell fate
Approximately half of the gene sequences of human and mouse genomes comes from so-called mobile elements—genes that jump around the genome. Much of this DNA is no longer capable of moving, but is likely “auditioning” perhaps as a regulator of gene function or in homologous recombination, which is a type of genetic recombination where the basic structural units of DNA, nucleotide sequences, are exchanged between two DNA molecules to repair breaks in the DNA strands. Modern mammalian genomes also contain numerous intact movable elements, such as retrotransposon LINE-1, that use RNA intermediates to spread about the genome.
The Spradling laboratory studies the biology of reproduction. By unknown means eggs reset the normally irreversible processes of differentiation and aging. The fruit fly Drosophila provides a favorable multicellular system for molecular genetic studies. The lab focuses on several aspects of egg development, called oogenesis, which promises to provide insight into the rejuvenation of the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm. By studying ovarian stem cells, they are learning how cells maintain an undifferentiated state and how cell production is regulated by microenvironments known as niches. They are also re-investigating the role of steroid and prostaglandin hormones in controlling
The Marnie Halpern laboratory studies how left-right differences arise in the developing brain and discovers the genes that control this asymmetry. Using the tiny zebrafish, Danio rerio, they explores how regional specializations occur within the neural tube, the embryonic tissue that develops into the brain and spinal cord.
The zebrafish is ideal for these studies because its basic body plan is set within 24 hours of fertilization. By day five, young larvae are able to feed and swim, and within three months they are ready to reproduce. They are also prolific breeders. Most importantly the embryos are transparent, allowing scientists to watch the nervous system develop and to
The Zheng lab studies cell division including the study of stem cells, genome organization, and lineage specification. They study the mechanism of genome organization in development, homeostasis—metabolic balance-- and aging; and the influence of cell morphogenesis, or cell shape and steructure, on cell fate decisions. They use a wide range of tools and systems, including genetics in model organisms, cell culture, biochemistry, proteomics, and genomics.
Joseph Gall - Emeritus
Alex Bortvin
Yixian Zheng - Director
The first step in gene expression is the formation of an RNA copy of its DNA. This step, called transcription, takes place in the cell nucleus. Transcription requires an enzyme called RNA polymerase to catalyze the synthesis of the RNA from the DNA template. This, in addition to other processing factors, is needed before messenger RNA (mRNA) can be exported to the cytoplasm, the area surrounding the nucleus.
Although the biochemical details of transcription and RNA processing are known, relatively little is understood about their cellular organization. Joseph G. Gall has been an intellectual leader and has made seminal breakthroughs in our understanding of chromosomes, nuclei and
Integrity of hereditary material—the genome —is critical for species survival. Genomes need protection from agents that can cause mutations affecting DNA coding, regulatory functions, and duplication during cell division. DNA sequences called transposons, or jumping genes (discovered by Carnegie’s Barbara McClintock,) can multiply and randomly jump around the genome and cause mutations. About half of the sequence of the human and mouse genomes is derived from these mobile elements. RNA interference (RNAi, codiscovered by Carnegie’s Andy Fire) and related processes are central to transposon control, particularly in egg and sperm precursor cells.
Staff Associate Kamena Kostova joined the Department of Embryology in November 2018. She studies ribosomes, the factory-like structures inside cells that produce proteins. Scientists have known about ribosome structure, function, and biogenesis for some time. But, a major unanswered question is how cells monitor the integrity of the ribosome itself. Problems with ribosomes have been associated with diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. The Kostova lab investigates the fundamental question of how cells respond when their ribosomes break down using mass spectrometry, functional genomics methods, and CRISPR genome editing.
Kostova received a B.S. in Biology from the
Yixian Zheng is Director of the Department of Embryology. Her lab has a long-standing interest in cell division. In recent years, their findings have broadened their research using animal models, to include the study of stem cells, genome organization, and lineage specification—how stem cells differentiate into their final cell forms. They use a wide range of tools, including genetics in different model organisms, cell culture, biochemistry, proteomics, and genomics.
Cell division is essential for all organisms to grow and live. During a specific time in a cell’s cycle the elongated apparatus consisting of string-like micro-tubules called the spindle is assembled to
More Scientists
COVID-19 information for staff
Human Resources/Careers
Capital Science Evenings, D.C.
Neighborhood Lecture Series, D.C.
Astronomy Lecture Series, CA
Rent DC Building
Careers & Internship
Earth and Planets Laboratory
Global Ecology
Carnegie Institution for Science, 1530 P Street NW, Washington DC 20005 P: (202)-387-6400 F: (202)-387-8092
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2962
|
__label__wiki
| 0.942197
| 0.942197
|
October 17, 2020 by Chris Knight
Kansas Speedway | Speediatrics 150 Race Recap
Team: No. 22 Original Gourmet™ Food Company Ford Fusion
Driver: Derek Griffith
Follow on Social Media: For more on Derek Griffith, please visit derekgriffith.com, like him on Facebook (Derek Griffith Motorsports) and follow him on Twitter (@DerekGriffith12).
Start: 13th (2020 ARCA owner points)
Finish: Third (100 | 100 laps completed)
Derek Griffith Quote: “Our goal this weekend if we couldn’t leave Kansas with the win was to be inside the top-five. I can’t thank Paul (Andrews, crew chief) and the rest of this Chad Bryant Racing team for their hard work.
“I also can’t thank Original Gourmet enough for this chance. I think my experience in July paid off as we had a super night. We had a lot of speed in that run to the finish, just came up a little short.”
ARCA Menards Series Next Up: Lucas Oil 200 driven by General Tire at Daytona (Fla.) International Speedway on Sat. Feb. 13, 2021 live on FOX Sports 1.
Categories News Tags ARCA Menards Series, CBR, Chad Bryant Racing, Derek Griffith, Kansas Speedway, Original Gourmet™ Food Company, Speediatrics 150
Kris Wright matches career-best ARCA Menards Series finish at Kansas Speedway
Team: No. 12 First National Bank | Mastertech Chevrolet
Driver: Kris Wright
Follow on Social Media: For more on Kris Wright, please visit, kriswrightmotorsports.com, like him on Facebook (Kris Wright Racing) and follow him on Twitter (@kriswrightraces).
Start: Eighth (2020 ARCA owner points)
Finish: Seventh (100 | 100 laps completed)
Kris Wright Quote: “I really felt like we learned a lot Friday at Kansas. In the second segment, we were just as fast as the leaders. I tried to learn as much as I can every single lap and with every setup.
“We definitely played with the setup and it gave me the extra speed that I needed. I can’t thank everyone on this Chad Bryant Racing team for their hard work and look forward to Phoenix next month.”
ARCA Menards Series Next Up: Lucas Oil 200 driven by General Tire at Daytona (Fla.) International Speedway on Sat., Feb. 13, 2021, live on FOX Sports 1.
Categories News Tags AMS, ARCA Menards Series, First National Bank, FNB, Kansas Speedway, Kris Wright, Speediatrics 150
Derek Griffith set to close out ARCA Menards Series season at Kansas Speedway
KANSAS CITY, Kan: There’s a lot on the line for everyone heading to Kansas Speedway for Friday night’s ARCA Menards Series Speediatrics 150 presented by The NASCAR Foundation, including rookie driver Derek Griffith.
The Hudson, N.H. native is poised to make his eighth start of the 2020 season and eyes a victory in the season finale driving for Chad Bryant Racing.
Griffith, 23, also returns to Kansas Speedway hoping to better his eighth-place run at the 1.5-mile speedway in July after starting 12th.
“I am excited for Kansas Speedway this weekend for sure,” said Griffith. “Finally, a place I have laps at, and I believe that experience should be pivotal to having a good night for our Chad Bryant Racing team this weekend.”
Completing all 100 laps this summer at Kansas was crucial in the learning curve for Griffith as he seeks his second top-five finish in ARCA competition and the first on a bigger track.
“I think the biggest thing I am happy about is returning to a place where I’ve made laps. It’s been challenging at times to go to a new track with limited practice and even some no qualifying and then just go out and race.
“We’ve made it work and did a good job – but going make to a place for a second time is going to pay off for us this weekend. I’ve learned so much on these bigger tracks this year and I hope we get an opportunity to showcase that on Friday night.”
Griffith also heads to Kansas fired up.
Taking advantage of an off weekend in the ARCA Menards Series competition, Griffith and the Chad Bryant Racing team participated in the ARCA Menards Series East finale at Five Flags (Fla.) Speedway this past Sunday, where Griffith contended for the win but was eliminated from contention after being spun out by an impatient driver late in the race.
“I’m still a little frustrated about Pensacola,” added Griffith. “Just because we had such a good car and our team worked hard and we were right where we needed to be and got wiped out for no reason. A lot of people worked hard, and we left there nothing to show for our efforts.
“To make up for it, I really want a good finish in our No. 22 Original Gourmet Ford Fusion. A top-three finish would really make my season come to a good end.”
This week marks the eighth ARCA Menards Series event with Original Gourmet™ Food Company as the primary partner of Griffith’s No. 22 Ford Fusion.
Headquartered in Salem, New Hampshire, Original Gourmet™ has been innovating in the sweets and snack industry since 1994. Their story started with a recipe and a vision.
Their curiosity for making special blends of flavors and colors of candy became a passion for providing people with bold tasting lollipops.
Griffith’s car will be covered in a variety of the company’s 26 lollipops flavors.
Original Gourmet’s lollipops are the largest pops sold with a bright taste and bright colors – standing out from all the rest. Weighing in at 1.1 oz., these lollipops are gluten and peanut free delights that have a plastic stick and will not get soggy like all the other lollipops do.
“Halloween is coming up later this month and the Original Gourmet™ Lollipops make an excellent treat – just saying,” Griffith said with a smile.
“I can’t thank Chad Bryant, Paul Andrews and the rest of the Chad Bryant Racing team for all their efforts this year. This has been a crazy year, but it’s been a lot of fun to work with them!”
In addition to Griffith, Kris Wright will drive a second-Chad Bryant Racing car in Friday night’s race aboard the No. 12 car.
For more on Derek Griffith, please visit derekgriffith.com, like him on Facebook (Derek Griffith Motorsports) and follow him on Twitter (@DerekGriffith12).
For more on Original Gourmet™ Food Company and their products, please visit ogfc.net.
The Speediatrics 150 presented by The NASCAR Foundation (100 laps | 150 miles) is the 20th of 20th races on the 2020 ARCA Menards Series schedule. Group Practice begins Fri., Oct. 16, 2020 with a forty-five-minute practice session from 3:00 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. The race is set to take the green flag shortly after 7:30 p.m., televised live on either FOX Sports 1 or 2, while ARCARacing.com will stream live timing and scoring throughout the entire day’s festivities. All times are local (Central).
Categories News Tags AMS, ARCA Menards Series, Chad Bryant Racing, Derek Griffith, Kansas Speedway, Speediatrics 150, Speediatrics 150 presented by The NASCAR Foundation
Kris Wright excited for Kansas Speedway debut
KANSAS CITY, Kan: Fresh off a top-10 finish in his most recent race at Memphis (Tenn.) International Raceway last month, Kris Wright returns to Chad Bryant Racing (CBR) set to compete in the ARCA Menards Series season finale at Kansas Speedway in the Speediatrics 150 presented by The NASCAR Foundation.
Wright, a talented sports car ace has spent 2020 adjusting to stock car racing competing in both the ARCA Menards Series and the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series and while he has enjoyed modest success on both platforms, Wright is eager to get to Kansas Speedway and contend for a top-five finish.
Wright has never been to Kansas Speedway, let alone a 1.5-mile speedway track in ARCA competition, but being a rookie driver on the tour, Wright is used to change and challenges but being surrounded by experience from top to bottom, Wright is upbeat and excited about his Midwest stop.
“I’m optimistic about Kansas Speedway this weekend,” said Wright. “I don’t have a lot of big track experience in the ARCA Menards Series but I’m ready for the challenge. “I’m appreciative of the opportunity to be racing at Kansas and it’s our goal to leave the track on Friday with a top-10 finish or better.”
Luckily for Wright, the ARCA Menards Series will have a short forty-five-minute practice which will allow Wexford, Pa. an opportunity to turn crucial laps around Kansas but also find a balance on his No. 12 First National Bank Chevrolet that he is comfortable racing with.
“I’m thankful for any track time in the year 2020,” Wright said with a chuckle. “We’ll use the 45 minutes to our advantage on Friday and then regroup and get ready for the race.”
While four of his five ARCA starts this season has come at tracks 1.25-miles or shorter in length, he did make his debut at Michigan International Speedway, a fast 2.0-mile speedway, where speeds approach 200 miles per hour.
His Michigan finish wasn’t an indicator of his performance, but the thrill of speed and his finesse on the bigger tracks is a task that Wright is eager to continue to perfect.
“I loved everything about Michigan except the finish,” Wright said. “I’m looking forward to getting back to those fast speeds and intense racing. I had a lot of fun in Michigan and I know Kansas is going to be similar territory.”
Stacking up resources, Wright will also be able to relay feedback on his car with Chad Bryant Racing teammate Derek Griffith who returns to Kansas with the Mooresville, N.C.-based team after an eighth-place finish in July.
“I enjoy racing with Derek,” added Wright. “He’s a hardcore racer like I am and I plan to talk to him after practice and see what his car is doing and bounce some ideas off each other. Hopefully, we can get both Chad Bryant Racing cars inside the top-10 on Friday night.”
In addition to Kansas, Wright will also compete in the last race of the ARCA Menards Series West season at Phoenix (Ariz.) Raceway in November.
PPG, Mastertech, iHeart Radio and First National Bank will all support Wright’s efforts on Oct. 16 at Kansas.
Industry veteran Donnie Richeson, a three-time ARCA Menards Series-winning crew chief will call the shots on Friday night for Wright.
For more on Kris Wright, please visit, kriswrightmotorsports.com, like him on Facebook (Kris Wright Racing) and follow him on Twitter (@kriswrightraces).
Categories News Tags AMS, ARCA Menards Series, CBR, Chad Bryant Racing, Kansas Speedway, Kris Wright, Speediatrics 150 presented by The NASCAR Foundation
Derek Griffith delivers another top-10 for Chad Bryant Racing at Kansas Speedway
July 25, 2020 by Chris Knight
Kansas Speedway | Dawn 150 Race Recap
Start: 12th (Lineup by 2020 ARCA Menards Series owner points)
Finish: Eighth (100 | 100 laps completed)
Derek Griffith Quote: “I feel like we made a lot more progress with our No. 22 Original Gourmet™ Food Company Ford Fusion at Kansas.
“We cracked the top-six and made some forward momentum and a ton of learning on how to race these stock cars on the bigger tracks. I cannot thank Paul (Andrews, crew chief), Chad (Bryant, team owner) and the rest of the Chad Bryant Racing team for their efforts on making Kansas possible.
“I look forward to the next opportunity.”
ARCA Menards Series Next Up: Menards.com 200 presented by SPxE at Toledo Speedway on Sat. July 31, 2020 at 8:00 p.m. (ET.) live on MAVTV and | or NBC Sports Gold.
Categories News Tags ARCA Menards Series, CBR, Chad Bryant, Chad Bryant Racing, Dawn 150, Derek Griffith, Kansas Speedway, Original Gourmet™ Food Company, Paul Andrews
Derek Griffith and Chad Bryant Racing upbeat for Kansas ARCA challenge
KANSAS CITY, Kan: Set for their fourth ARCA Menards Series race of the season together, Chad Bryant Racing (CBR) and rookie driver Derek Griffith trek west hunting for a top-five finish in Friday night’s Dawn 150 at Kanas Speedway.
The likable Griffith returns to the scene on the heels of a career-best seventh-place finish two weeks ago at Kentucky Speedway in the General Tire 150. And while his first intermediate debut was quite the learning experience, the Hudson, N.H. native is eager to pick up right where he left off from Kentucky.
“I am super excited to hit another mile and a half-track with some experience behind me,” said Griffith. “I’m hoping with some of the seat time I’ve had, we can roll out and be good off the start and I can get racing!”
At Kentucky and because of COVID-19 protocol, Griffith had limited practice aboard his No. 22 Original Gourmet™ Food Company Ford Fusion before throwing the 23-year-old into a hungry pack of wolves – most who had prior experience on bigger tracks.
Griffith, though held his own throughout the 100-lap race, turning some of his fastest laps of the event in the closing laps. With another limited practice on deck at Kansas, Griffith has a better baseline than Kentucky.
“Although the tracks are different, the mindset is still the same,” added Griffith. “I know I’ll be able to trust the car and we can keep working on it. The more the race went on at Kentucky the more comfortable I became.
“I have to get into that frame of mind as if I’m competing in those last couple of laps at Kentucky during practice at Kansas to put us in a good spot for the race.”
Still, while the fundamentals are the same, Kansas Speedway will run under the lights, providing a new element for Griffith.
“I think it’s going to be a blast racing under the light at Kansas,” sounded Griffith. “Yes, I think the handling has the opportunity to change itself depending on the track conditions, but that’s why I have Paul (Andrews) in my corner to help make it all seem seamless.
“I really think with what I learned at Kentucky and our determination as a team should put us in a good spot for the race.”
Saturday’s race will mark the fourth race with Original Gourmet™ Food Company as the primary partner of Griffith’s No. 22 Ford Fusion.
Team owner Chad Bryant says Griffith is doing everything he needs to do behind the wheel and hopes to continue to showcase his ability in his second stint with a mile-and-a-half track this weekend.
“Derek has done a great job in the No. 22 Original Gourmet™ Food Company Ford Fusion,” offered Bryant. “I was super impressed of the job he did at Kentucky with the lack of actual on-track time. If the race was 50 laps longer, we would have been able to get a few more spots on the track.
“The gains he made at Kentucky will be put on display at Kansas and I look forward to seeing our No. 22 Original Gourmet™ Food Company Ford Fusion contending for a stronger finish.”
The Dawn 150 (100 laps | 150 miles) is the eighth of 20 races on the 2020 ARCA Menards Series schedule. Practice begins Fri., Jul. 24 with a one-hour group practice session from 4:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. The race is set to take the green flag shortly after 9:00 p.m. The event will be televised live on FOX Sports 1 (FS1), while ARCARacing.com will stream live timing and scoring throughout the entire weekend festivities. All times are local (Central).
Categories News Tags AMS, ARCA Menards Series, CBR, Chad Bryant Racing, Dawn 150, Derek Griffith, Kansas Speedway, Original Gourmet™ Food Company
Kansas Speedway | ARCA Kansas 150 Race Recap
Team: No. 77 EAT SLEEP RACE Ford Fusion
Start: 21st
Finish: Ninth; Running; (99 |100 laps completed)
Unofficial Driver Points Position: Fifth
Joe Graf Jr. Quote: “We had an unfortunate battery – alternator issue during qualifying, so we had to start at the rear of the field. We quickly worked our way towards the front but just couldn’t get the track position or the cautions to fall our way to make any further progress.
“We picked off a couple positions at the end and still soldiered on to a top-10 finish for everyone at EAT SLEEP RACE and Chad Bryant Racing. I appreciate everyone’s efforts and support in making the 2019 ARCA Menards Series season possible.”
ARCA Next Up: Lucas Oil 200 driven by General Tire at Daytona (Fla.) International Speedway on Sat., Feb. 8, 2020.
For more on Joe Graf Jr, please like him on Facebook (Joe Graf Jr.) and follow him on Twitter (@JoeGrafJr) and visit his website at JoeGrafJr.com.
Categories News Tags ARCA Kansas 150, ARCA Menards Series, Chad Bryant Racing, Joe Graf Jr, Kansas Speedway
Team: No. 22 Crestliner | Chad Bryant Racing Ford Fusion
Driver: Ty Majeski
Follow the Team: @ChadBryantRace; @tymajeski
Start: Third
Finish: Third, Running (100 | 100 laps completed)
Ty Majeski Quote: “What a season we’ve had in the ARCA Menards Series this year. Three wins, a second, a third and a fourth place. Just missed it a little on Friday night to compete for the win, but a huge thank you to Chad Bryant Racing, Paul Andrews (crew chief) and Crestliner Boats.
“Great season for everyone involved.”
About Crestliner:
Located in Otsego, Minn., Crestliner boats and pontoons are crafted with an uncompromising mix of functional design, all-welded aluminum construction and a relentless commitment to excellence.
Since 1946 Crestliner has been making boats forged with strength and defined by durability.
As a world-wide leader, Crestliner continues to redefine the industry with boats built to last. A testament to our quality and craftsmanship, Crestliner has received the CSI Award of Excellence in Customer Satisfaction for Aluminum Outboard Boats for 11 consecutive years.
Learn more about Crestliner and its line of boats by visiting crestliner.com.
Categories News Tags ARCA Kansas 150, ARCA Menards Series, Chad Bryant Racing, Kansas Speedway, Ty Majeski
Joe Graf Jr., EAT SLEEP RACE look to end 2019 on high note at Kansas Speedway
KANSAS CITY, Kan: The season-finale is upon the ARCA Menards Series and for sophomore driver Joe Graf Jr. and his Chad Bryant Racing (CBR) team, Friday night’s ARCA Kansas 150 provides one more opportunity to get back to Victory Lane.
And for the 21-year-old driver, there might not be more motivation than wondering what could have been. In the most recent ARCA Menards Series race at Lucas Oil Raceway earlier this month, Graf Jr. appeared to be set to cruise to his second career ARCA victory but contact while battling another driver for the lead ultimately drew a caution and the advantage that Graf’s No. 77 Chad Bryant Racing team had was quickly a disadvantage.
Knowing the past can’t be changed, Graf’s team looks forward to having the opportunity to finish what they started under the lights at Kansas Speedway.
“Lucas Oil was tough to swallow,” said Graf Jr. who is all but assured of fifth in the final ARCA championship standings this season. “We had a great car. A fast car and we were letting the advantage of having tires be our ticket. Unfortunately, things quickly changed, and we were left with another top-10 finish instead of a likely win.
“We can’t dwell on what happened in the past though, we have to focus out the windshield and we’ll go to Kansas Speedway this week and give it our best.”
To help prepare Graf Jr. for his second stop at the 1.5-mile speedway, he recently participated in a private test with teammate Ty Majeski where both teams aggressively worked on different setups throughout the day hoping to return to the 20th race of the season with a fast setup and the chance to earn Chad Bryant Racing’s fourth win of 2019.
“The test went pretty good,” added Graf Jr. “I don’t think any driver or team leaves a test completely satisfied and I think that spoke well for us. We were pleased with the progress we made during the day, but knew we still had some work to do.
“The guys have been busting their tails getting our car ready for the race on Friday night and I’m looking forward to the chance to contend for our 13th top-10 finish of the year.”
Equipped with a Chevrolet SS for the ARCA Kansas 150, Graf Jr. believes track position will be critical for success on Friday night.
“There isn’t a lot of character when it comes to Kansas,” sounded Graf. “The track is very fast and looks like Chicagoland Speedway but doesn’t race like it all. It’s hard to get grip but with the cooler temperatures expected on Friday night, the track is going to be super-fast which means keeping ahead of the handling is going to come into play.
“We just need to keep ourselves out of trouble and be around for the closing laps. Traditionally, this race usually gets a caution within the final 20 laps of the race or so – we need to make sure we have something that we can use to our advantage for that final run to the checkered flag. It should be a lot of fun and I can’t wait to get there.”
For the 20th straight race, EAT SLEEP RACE, a racing lifestyle apparel company headquartered in New Jersey returns as the primary sponsor of Graf Jr.’s No. 77 Chevrolet for the 100-lap race.
“I can’t begin to thank everyone at EAT SLEEP RACE for partnering with us this season and standing by us through all of our trials and tribulations,” added Graf. “I think we’ve done a good job to get the EAT SLEEP RACE name out there and I look forward to continuing to work with them during the off-season and keep everyone updated through our social media channels for our next rollouts.”
Between race cars, Graf Jr. has equally been busy in the books with his second fall semester at New York University (NYU) underway where he is pursuing a degree in business, media and sports management.
“It’s been a busy couple of weeks, but I’ve been able to manage my time pretty good,” added Graf Jr. “School is super important but so is doing the best job I can behind the wheel for my team and partners. I’m looking forward to going to Kansas Speedway and hopefully having an opportunity to contend for my second ARCA victory.”
Entering Kansas, Graf Jr. has 38 ARCA Menards Series starts to his credit with one win (Berlin (Mich. Raceway, 2018), seven top-five and 20 top-10 finishes to his credit. After 19 races, he stands fifth in the championship standings with one race remaining.
In addition to his ARCA Menards Series presence, Graf Jr. made three NASCAR Xfinity Series starts for Richard Childress Racing this season earning a career-best 14th place finish at Richmond (Va.) Raceway aboard the No. 21 EAT SLEEP RACE Chevrolet Camaro.
For more on Joe Graf Jr., please like him on Facebook (Joe Graf Jr.) and follow him on Twitter (@JoeGrafJr) and visit his brand new website at JoeGrafJr.com.
The ARCA Kansas 150 (100 laps | 150 miles) is the 20th of 20 races on the 2019 ARCA Racing Series presented by Menards schedule. Practice begins Fri., Oct. 18 with an hour and 55-minute session planned from 12:00 p.m. – 1:50 p.m. Group qualifying is set for later in the day at 5:00 p.m. The race in the 67th consecutive ARCA season is set to take the green flag later in the day shortly after 7:30 p.m. The event will be televised live on FOX Sports 2 (FS2), while ARCARacing.com will stream live timing and scoring throughout the day’s festivities. All times are local (Central).
With strong test, Ty Majeski, Chad Bryant Racing look forward to Kansas season finale
KANSAS CITY, Kan: Returning to the ARCA Menards Series scene since winning his third race of the year at Chicagoland (Ill.) Speedway in June, Ty Majeski (@TyMajeski) and his No. 22 Chad Bryant Racing team head to Kansas Speedway eyeing win number four in Friday night’s season finale ARCA Kansas 150.
While Majeski has been quiet on the ARCA scene since picking up a dominating win in the Windy City nearly four months ago, the avid Late Model competitor has been tearing up the short track scenes in the Midwest with spectacular finishes, including the win in the final day of the 50th annual Oktoberfest at LaCrosse (Wisc.) Speedway – a win that catapulted him to the 2019 Oktoberfest Series champion.
Focused on returning to the ARCA scene with veteran and NASCAR Monster Cup Series championship crew chief Paul Andrews at his side, the Seymour, Wisc. native hopes to capitalize on a strong Kansas Speedway test session two weeks ago and earn his fourth career ARCA victory.
“The test went well,” said Majeski who has earned five top-five finishes in 2019. “We ran through a couple of different packages and made some changes that we would not have been able to do on race weekend.
“Overall, I think we are happy with the speed and the feel our No. 22 Chad Bryant Racing Ford had and hope we can capitalize on that during Friday night’s race.”
The 25-year-old Ford Performance driver will make his third start at Kansas’s 1.5-mile speedway on Friday night and look to better his track-best second-place effort in 2017 to fellow ARCA competitor Michael Self. To have another opportunity at victory, Majeski knows having track position will be vital to success in the final ARCA race of the 2019 season.
“Kansas is a newer paved race track and although it is similar in shape to Chicagoland Speedway, it drives and races completely different. There isn’t a whole lot of character which will make maintaining track position very important.
“We also have to keep up with track conditions. We’ll finish the race well into the night and the track will be a lot cooler than when we take the green flag, so if we can get our No. 22 Chad Bryant Racing Ford Fusion dialed in for the final run, I think we’ll be in good shape.”
Win or not on Friday night, Majeski is thankful for the opportunity to drive for team owner Chad Bryant and crew chief Andrews. In five races in 2019, the No. 22 team has won four times, led 112 laps and maintains an average finishing position of 1.8.
“We’ve had a fantastic handful of races thus far,” offered Majeski who will make his 15th career ARCA start on Friday night. “Winning at Charlotte in the heart of racing and then at Chicagoland which is so close to where I grew up definitely are the highlights of the season for me.
“I said at the beginning of the season, I really wanted to win those two races. And we’ve been able to accomplish that and so much more. I’m really thankful to everyone who has made it possible.”
As for Kansas, Majeski replied, “our goal is to win (at) Kansas. We’ve proved to have a car capable of winning each race we have entered together, and I don’t see that changing. We all just have to do our job to get the car as close as we can and execute during the race.
“No matter what happens though, it’s been a fantastic year, especially in ARCA.”
Majeski, 25, has shared the No. 22 Ford Fusion ride with newcomer Corey Heim this season who earned eight top-five and 12 top-10s in his rookie season. Together, both drivers have team owner Chad Bryant third in the 2019 ARCA car owner standings, 25 points behind second-place car owner Bill Venturini Sr. with one race remaining.
In his sixth ARCA race this season, Majeski will carry the General Tire onboard camera offering a fresh and perspective view from inside his No. 22 Chad Bryant Racing Ford Fusion for the 100-lap event.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2971
|
__label__wiki
| 0.833616
| 0.833616
|
Long County BoE expects graduation rate to drop
The Long County graduation rate probably will drop due to a new federal formula for calculating figures, the board of education learned at its March 12 meeting.
Assistant Superintendent/Curriculum Director Dr. Glen Purcell told BoE members that past graduation rates were calculated using the lever rate, which allowed states the use of three different formulas. School systems chose the method that was most applicable to their district. The new cohort calculation system more readily counts students as dropouts than the lever rate.
When a student transfers schools, the child will be regarded as a dropout at his or her old school until the student’s old school receives documentation from the new school that the student has enrolled. Additionally, students who are withdrawn from school due to sickness or incarceration will be considered dropouts.
With the new method of calculation, just about every school in the state — including Long County High School — will see a decline in graduation rates, according to Purcell.
“This new method is more restrictive, but the numbers are truer,” he said.
Also at the March 12 meeting, federal programs director Dr. Kathy Simmons asked the board to approve hiring a new migrant paraprofessional to assist with instructional support at Walker Middle School. Simmons said that Art Carter, who currently provides the service for the high school, also is working at WMS. Hiring a new WMS paraprofessional would relieve Carter of some of his duties and allow him to provide better service to the students.
Simmons said there are approximately 100 migrant students in the system, and of that, around 35 are at WMS. Funding for the new position was approved through a Title I-C federal grant, she added. After a brief discussion, the board unanimously approved the request.
Superintendent Dr. Robert Waters told the board the yearly financial audit is complete and the system received an excellent report. Board Chairman Dempsey Golden agreed with Waters and congratulated finance director Bridget Welch and her staff on a job well-done.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2977
|
__label__cc
| 0.700761
| 0.299239
|
Kelly Brook Wants To Tease You Into 2015 [CALENDAR PICS]
JRT | Oct 22, 2014 11:30 am
Kelly Brook has unleashed some of her sexiest pics to get her fans excited over her 2015 calendar. It’s not a really hard sell. The exotic English glamour model has had a pretty easy time of getting an international following. We still can’t believe she didn’t get an Oscar for parading her special effects in Piranha 3D.
Kelly Brook has us looking forward to 2015 in a lot of other ways, too. She’s set to star with Elisha Cuthbert in the planned pilot for One Big Happy. That’s about a lesbian who adopts a child with her straight best guy friend. Ideally, Kelly Brook is Elisha’s love interest, but nobody thought to send the script to us for approval. The producers will wish they’d thought of that if One Big Happy doesn’t get picked up for series, though.
Anyway, we have an advantage when it comes to that kind of thinking, because we can’t stop with just Kelly Brook calendar pics. We have to put together things like Kelly Brook’s Hottest GIFs, or collect Kelly’s 50 Sexiest Pics for her birthday. But start with checking out some highlights that’ll get you worked up to see all of Kelly through 2015….
Gigi Paris Should Be On Your Radar [PHOTOS + VIDEO]
GirlsLingerie Models,tmz rss,uk glamour models
Join over 100,000 fans and receive news from COED.
ABOUT | CONTACT | PRIVACY | TERMS
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2978
|
__label__wiki
| 0.980677
| 0.980677
|
Sports Workplace discrimination Labor issues Social issues Social affairs Personnel Business Discrimination Human rights and civil liberties Men's sports Gender discrimination Gender issues College basketball Basketball College sports National courts Courts Judiciary Government and politics National governments Women's sports Men's basketball Title IX compliance School athletics Education Lawsuits Legal proceedings Law and order General news Men's college basketball Coaching
Judge dismisses discrimination suit that named Jim Calhoun
By PAT EATON-ROBB - Jun. 19, 2020 03:20 PM EDT
HARTFORD, Conn. (AP) — A federal judge has dismissed a sexual discrimination lawsuit against the University of Saint Joseph that accused Hall of Fame men's basketball coach Jim Calhoun of harassment.
Jaclyn Piscitelli sued the Catholic school last October, alleging she was fired as an assistant athletic director after complaining about the conduct of men in the athletic department, including Calhoun. The coach, now 78, came out of retirement to coach and build a men's program at the tiny former all-women's school in West Hartford, Connecticut when it went co-ed in 2018.
Among other things, Piscitelli alleges the former UConn coach once called her “hot” and on another occasion forced her to clean up coffee grounds he spilled. Piscitelli also alleges that she was belittled by other male members of the athletic department who received preferential treatment and would “frequently leave work to play golf with Calhoun during the workday.”
U.S. District Court Judge Kari Dooley did not rule on the veracity of those allegations, but found they were improperly brought under Title IX, the federal law that guarantees women equal access to educational opportunities, including in sports.
The judge wrote there is “no private remedy under Title IX for employment discrimination claims.”
Piscitelli's attorney, Jacques Parenteau, said Friday that there have been contradictory rulings about that issue that could lead to an appeal. He also said Piscitelli would continue pursuing claims under another section of federal civil rights law and in her state fair employment practice claim.
“We will soon be filing another lawsuit," he said.
Calhoun, who led Saint Joseph to a 26-3 record and a Division III NCAA Tournament berth this past season, said Friday he stands by a previously released statement that he never “knowingly treated any woman unfairly because of her gender” and he fully supports women’s rights and equality.
The school said it was pleased with the ruling.
“We await the decision by the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities in the coming months and have no further comment at this time,” it said in a statement.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2981
|
__label__wiki
| 0.982617
| 0.982617
|
Five-star 2016 point guard Dennis Smith, Jr. is the next great guard out of North Carolina
By Scott PhillipsMay 18, 2014, 4:00 PM EDT
INDIANAPOLIS — Dennis Smith, Jr. has recently made waves on the national recruiting scene thanks to his tremendous play in the adidas Gauntlet.
The 6-foot-2 Smith is regarded by Rivals.com as the No. 16 overall prospect in the 2016 national rankings, but his recruitment was still rather quiet for a five-star prospect heading into the spring.
That’s all changed in the last few weeks, however, as Smith had a great weekend at the Dallas stop of the Gauntlet during the live period in front of college coaches.
RELATED: adidas Gauntlet Friday: Jaylen Brown goes for 48 points
Smith told NBCSports.com that he’s picked up scholarship offers from Charlotte, Kansas, N.C. State, VCU and Wake Forest with recent interest this spring from Arizona, Duke, Louisville, Michigan and North Carolina.
With explosive athleticism, good court vision and an ability to get in the lane at will, Smith has drawn comparisons to past North Carolina natives like John Wall and Rodney Purvis. Smith told NBCSports.com that he’s spoken with both guards before.
“I know both of them, actually, and they both know me,” Smith said. “I’ve known them a couple months, like six months. It was around October when I met (Purvis). I haven’t met (Wall) I talk to him a little bit. Texting with him.”
On Friday, Smith matched up with another top-25 guard as his Team Loaded (North Carolina) squad faced recent Arizona commit and 2015 guard Justin Simon.
Smith stuffed the stat sheet in the 73-71 win as he scored 14 points, grabbed six rebounds and had six blocks and six steals to go along with four assists. If there’s one major fault with Smith’s game — at the moment — it’s his propensity to try too hard to make a flashy pass and it helped lead to four turnovers in the game.
“It’s great; I get to measure myself up against him,” Smith said of facing Simon. “Obviously since he’s already committed he’s going to play at the next level so it’s good to measure my game up to his.”
RELATED: adidas Gauntlet Saturday: Chase Jeter shows steady improvement
Although Smith has faced players like Simon and has been compared to Wall and Purvis, thanks to geography, he looks up to a couple of other guards when modeling his game.
“I watch a lot (of basketball),” Smith said. “In the NBA I watch a lot of (Russell) Westbrook and Damian Lillard. In college I watch a lot of Kasey Hill.
“Damian Lillard, he’s really good off the pick-and-roll and he can shoot pretty good. Kasey Hill, he gets his teammates involved pretty well. Westbrook, he’s super explosive and he plays hard every play.”
RELATED: Five-star Jaylen Brown wants to end recruitment this summer
Recruiting is starting to pick up for Smith and he’s most receptive to hearing from two SEC powerhouses that have yet to get in touch.
“I’ve heard from just about every school except Kentucky and Florida. Those two schools are ones I would be looking forward to hearing from,” Smith said.
Those programs — and others — will have plenty of time to recruit Smith as he’s still very early in the process.
“I probably won’t be making a list until the middle of my junior year,” Smith said.
Follow @phillipshoops
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2982
|
__label__cc
| 0.639036
| 0.360964
|
Clare Lowe
WOMAD 2014 – The World’s Festival Review
There is no festival quite like WOMAD. It attracts a varied audience, is dedicated to bringing the best in world music and it’s a relatively large festival that... Read More...
Stage News Roundup: Screenings, Streaming and a Streetcar Named Desire
Stage on Screen The popularity of stage shows being beamed to cinemas all around the world is finally taking off and this summer there’s been some really exc... Read More...
WOMAD Festival Recommendations – 24th-27th July 2014
This time tomorrow I’ll be on my way to WOMAD festival in Charlton Park. WOMAD is one of those festivals that's pure relaxation. It’s a pretty large site but no... Read More...
Rocking Out In The Cotswolds: 2000 Trees Festival Review
Waking up this morning, every muscle in my body aches after one hell of a festival. 2000 Trees is a festival that prides itself on showcasing the best new and ... Read More...
Stage News Roundup: This Week Brings Us Cats, Pythons & Moles
Cats Revival Andrew Lloyd Webber has revealed that he is rewriting parts of his legendary 1981 musical CATS, ready for its return to the west end. Some of th... Read More...
Stage News: True Blood & Women On The Verge Of A Nervous Breakdown
This week's stage news brings you the reveal that True Blood might not be leaving us when the final season ends, as well as news about a classic cult film to st... Read More...
Stage News: Tony Awards Special
This weekend saw Broadway’s best and brightest gathering for the prestigious 68th Tony Awards. Hugh Jackman hosted the awards this year and as well as his ch... Read More...
True Detective Series Review – This Is How You Do Anthology TV
It’s 1am the day after I started watching True Detective and not since The Wire have I managed to watch a whole series in one sitting. Admittedly it was much ea... Read More...
Stage News Roundup: Shakespeare, Skylight & Goldfrapp
All Female Shakespeare Trilogy Harriet Walter is lined up to follow on from her role as Brutus in Julius Caesar by taking on Henry IV in the second of a tril... Read More...
Courtney Love at the O2 Academy Bristol
20/05/14 - Courtney Love is a name that splits the crowd. Anyone that was in the grunge scene of the early 90s or found grunge music through their teenage years... Read More...
Stage News: Harry Potter And Hedwig
Potter Play Great news for all Harry Potter fans as more rumours have been circulating about the possible stage adaptation. According to theatre gossip, J... Read More...
Eurovision Song Contest 2014 Copenhagen – Review
Released: April 2014 When the opportunity came up to review the Eurovision 2014 album, it was hard to resist. There’s nothing like the Eurovision - it’s a pa... Read More...
Clare Lowe is a writer and promoter from Bristol with their own queer promotion company, Wig in a Box Promotions.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2987
|
__label__wiki
| 0.962683
| 0.962683
|
American allegedly responsible for COVID-19 outbreak in Germany IDed
Sep 17, 2020 Richard
A US citizen who allegedly refused to quarantine and instead went on a pub crawl in a Bavarian town — sparking a COVID-19 outbreak — has been named as a 26-year-old Florida woman who thanked her co-workers for going to her “rona party,” according to a report.
Yasmin Adli, who works at a hotel resort for US forces stationed in Germany, had been awaiting test results after a jaunt to Greece when she partied in Garmisch-Partenkirchen – although she already had a sore throat, the Daily Mail reported.
She allegedly texted several of her co-workers who had partied with her for several nights before receiving her positive result, according to the news outlet, which published a screenshot of a message in which she thanked them for showing up at her “rona party.”
“I didn’t know I had the rona when we went out,” the alleged super-spreader wrote, according to the report.
After being tested Sept. 8, she was directed to quarantine until the results were available — but allegedly flouted those instructions and went out that evening, according to the report.
Two dozen people at her workplace — the Edelweiss Lodge recreation center for US Armed Forces — have tested positive, Garmisch-Partenkirchen District Administrator’s Office press officer Stephan Scharf has told CNN. The town itself saw a spike in cases, he said.
More than 700 people also have been exposed to the virus because of her partying, the Daily Mail reported. The resort has since been shuttered for two weeks.
A former lodge worker claimed Adli remained working there before she tested positive – and even set up a conference for top US military officials about preventing the spread of the deadly bug, the outlet reported.
But the former staffer also blamed the resort, which allegedly encouraged a “culture of concealment” that overlooked flaunting of the quarantine protocols, according to the outlet.
A source told the Daily Mail that even after the resort posted a statement on Facebook about the staff infections, guests were still allowed to check-in and not informed about the outbreak. The source claimed the guests were just told they would have to check out again a couple of days later.
“I self-evacuated earlier this year when the COVID crisis inside the hotel became untenable because there is not a strategy in place to protect the employees, but instead give the appearance that all is well and the hotel is operating normally,” the source told the Daily Mail.
“This culture of concealment is how this super-spreader event was allowed to occur, and why many so employees who live and work inside the hotel are now COVID positive.”
The former employee accused management of being “criminally negligent throughout the pandemic” and to “have fostered the dangerous culture which enables their employees to remain unconcerned about the ramifications of this virus.”
“When the current situation came to light, ELR management quickly scrambled to begin covering themselves and protect the image of the hotel,” the former staffer told the outlet.
“They quickly pulled about 80 percent of the staff from working stations — where many were actively serving employees — and forced them back to their rooms while local testing officials were brought on base to begin a sweep of the quarantined individuals.”
The Daily Mail said its attempts to reach Adli for comment were unsuccessful and that she has deleted her social media profiles.
As of Tuesday, the total number of infections in the town stood at 59, including 25 staff at the Edelweiss Lodge and Resort, the Daily Mail reported.
District Office spokesman Wolfgang Rotzsche said that “if the woman has actually consciously accepted this risk, then she should also be legally prosecuted,” according to the outlet.
A US Army spokesman said Bavarian regulations about the coronavirus apply to everyone, including US civilian employees.
“The US Army in Bavaria keeps its soldiers and civilians as well as the Bavarian ordinances with regard to limiting the spread of the virus to a high standard,” spokesman Donald Wrenn told Bild, according to the Daily Mail.
“Any violation of these regulations would be inconsistent with our behavior and our efforts to keep our communities safe,” he added. “Our main focus is currently on the thorough and precise identification of contact persons as well as additional tests to limit the possible spread of COVID-19.”
John Tomassi, a spokesman for the US Army Europe, said the military is conducting its own probe and is recommending that anyone who came into contact with the woman be tested for the coronavirus.
Andrea Mayer, a spokeswoman for prosecutors in Munich, has confirmed that her office has opened a preliminary probe into the woman on suspicion of causing bodily harm.
“The investigation is ongoing,” she said.
Adli and the Edelweiss Resort did not immediately respond to several messages from The Post.
With Post Wires
Don't Miss it Coronavirus: the worst death rate in one of London’s poorest boroughs – BBC News
Up Next Coronavirus: Boris Johnson pledges “world beating” track and trace system within days – BBC News
New life into theory COVID-19 is result of China lab leak
An American novelist is breathing new life into the theory that the COVID-19 pandemic was the result of a lab…
Jan 04, 2021 Richard
British health officials will now allow people to mix COVID-19 vaccines as the pandemic rages on — but experts warn…
Disney worker brags about getting COVID-19 vaccine early
A Disney worker in California bragged on Facebook about receiving a COVID-19 vaccine — saying she was able to jump…
Dec 28, 2020 Richard
COVID-19 outbreak in S. Korea possibly linked to apartment ventilation
The coronavirus may have spread through the ventilation system at an apartment complex in South Korea where several residents from…
Coronavirus set to make 2020 deadliest year in US history
The coronavirus pandemic is set to make 2020 the deadliest year in US history. While final data will not be…
NY’s nursing homes STILL ‘acutely vulnerable’ to COVID-19: report
New York’s coronavirus-ravaged nursing homes are still “acutely vulnerable” to the deadly illness — more than nine months into the…
Coronavirus Videos Trump defends coronavirus record as US cases top 600,000 | DW News
Coronavirus News Ex-Detroit mayor to be released from prison amid coronavirus: ally
Coronavirus Videos Coronavirus: Tenerife hotel in lockdown and new advice for Britons returning from Italy – BBC News
Coronavirus Videos Coronavirus: Brazil's President Bolsonaro tests positive – BBC News
Coronavirus Videos Germany eases coronavirus restrictions | Interview with Health Minister Spahn
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2992
|
__label__cc
| 0.697623
| 0.302377
|
Found 46 results for "inflammatory syndrome"
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents
Most Viewed Articles from NEJM
NEJM Articles Most Covered in the Press
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with COVID-19
Source: World Health Organization (WHO). Published: 5/15/2020. This three-page document describes reports from Europe and North America about clusters of children and adolescents requiring admission to intensive care units with a multisystem inflammatory condition with some features similar to those of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, and which may be related to COVID-19. It provides a preliminary case definition and case report form for multisystem inflammatory disorder in children and adolescents. (PDF)
NIH Disaster Info
Guidance: Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with COVID-19
Source: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH). Published: 5/1/2020. This six-page document for clinicians, which has been developed after expert review of the cases, includes a case definition of pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19, and an approach to clinical management. (PDF)
Childhood Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome — A New Challenge in the Pandemic
The recognition and description of new diseases often resemble the parable of the blind men and the elephant, with each declaring that the part of the beast they have touched fully defines it.
Worrisome details noted in kids with COVID inflammatory syndrome
Center Infectious Disease Research And Policy News
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in New York State
Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19
PubMed Clinical Care
For Parents: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19
CDC Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2993
|
__label__wiki
| 0.630908
| 0.630908
|
The Twitter video games edition tag
24 May 2020 23 May 2020 creabeaatje34
I’ve recently answered some questions in a tag about video games. But, I saw some photos passing by on Twitter that had some questions I hadn’t answered before. And honestly, my answers have changed since the other post I wrote! So, let’s start!
1. A game that had a lasting impression on you.
Obviously, I’d pick Uncharted. But since it specifically asks for an everlasting impression, I have to pick The Last Of Us. The story was just so well-written and kept you on your seat the entire time. The game itself as well. I’ll simply never forget that game, ever again.
2. Favourite female video game character.
Honestly, I’m not one for female characters. Not to pick a favourite, I mean. Meaning, I have no one. Male characters speak more to me.
3. A game that’s so bad but so good.
I must say, I recently started playing Guardians Of The Galaxy, The Telltale Series. Everyone says it’s a bad game, but I actually enjoy it. It’s funny and it makes me laugh. And sure, maybe the game isn’t the best one Telltale has ever made but. I sometimes do kind of need those ‘joker’ games.
4. A game that hit an emotional spot in your heart.
Batman honestly. The ending of the second season, in a way, the way it developed. God, I felt bad for so many people in that one. I can’t spoil anything but, oh you’ll find out what I mean once you play it yourself.
5. Favourite game developer or studio.
Naughty Dog will always have a soft spot in my heart since they developed the Uncharted series. And that’ll always be my favourite game. That’ll never change.
6. Favourite male video game character.
Obviously, Nathan Drake. I can’t choose anyone else but him. Though lately, I’ve had issues with not putting Joel or Batman above him. But no, Nathan will always be my favourite. That’ll never change either.
7. 5 of your favourite OSTs.
Uncharted soundtrack
Beyond: Two souls soundtrack
Detroit: Become Human soundtrack
The Wolf Among Us soundtrack
8. A game that not enough people talk about.
I mean, not many people talk about Uncharted The Golden Abyss, or Uncharted The Lost Legacy. The first one because it’s only for PSVita, and the last one because our famous Nathan Drake is no longer there. Though for the last one, I can’t blame them too much.
9. Favourite villain.
The Joker in Batman. I know he has two ways but, it’s just very well-written to look into it in a very different way. Though in Batman itself, I always liked The Joker. I mean, who doesn’t? It’s The Joker we’re talking about.
10. Favourite game as a kid.
Guitar Hero. When I was younger, that was the thing I rocked to the most. I truly miss that game. Wish I still could. Would be amazing to fill the time I can’t fill with actual concerts.
11. 5 of your favourite video games.
Batman The Telltale Series
12. A game or series that you’ve never been interested in.
I know most people are really loving the Zelda games, but it just wasn’t really something for me. I just love characters that have voice actors throughout the game and not so big of a world to explore.
13. Favourite NPC or party member.
I mean, I love The Joker in the Batman series, but I also love Alfred in the same game. And, I love Sully and Sam from Uncharted as well. Oh, so many… I can’t choose! But okay, fair enough. I pick Sully then. He’s just, the best father figure ever.
14. A game that never gets old.
For me, that’s obviously Uncharted. I played all 6 games multiple times and still love it. It’ll never fail to make me happy and simply will never get bored. At least not for me.
15. A game that everyone should play at least once.
Batman, sorry not sorry. It’s just a very well-written game and both season really rock. And you can actually have multiple ‘endings’ for multiple characters and whatever you say does affect your relationship with them. And I mean, who doesn’t love Batman/Bruce Wayne?
16. A game that inspires you.
Detroit: Become Human inspires me. Why? Because I want to believe if we ever get androids, humanity will not accept them as sleeves. At least I wouldn’t. The way the game describes the futuristic problems and issues, I can only be inspired to hope it won’t happen like that in real life and if so, be inspired to hope humanity will do everything they can to help them to secure their freedom.
17. Favourite genre.
Shooting games, meaning adventure games. I just really love shooting enemies in games. Don’t ask me why, but it’s a wonderful way of losing steam when needed. And besides, who doesn’t love a bit of adventure? Everyone does.
18. That game you REALLY should have played by now.
Obviously, that’s gotta be Horizon Zero Dawn. I still haven’t played it because I want to save it for when I’m totally ready to get lost for hours in a game. And right now, I’m not entirely ready for such thing yet.
19. Favourite indie game you played recently.
Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice. It shows developers aren’t necessarily needed anymore since it has been self-published by the company itself. It was a really good game that made the list of ‘best indie games ever.’
20. A game that truly scared the shit out of you.
No game, because ‘horror’ games do nothing to me. Most of them are really predictable like most horror movies. I’m not scared when I play games that are ‘supposed’ to be scary.
Which game is one you wish you never played?
Love, Deem ❤
You can also follow me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Twitch
Images source: Pexels
Answers Games Questions Tag Videogames
Previous Post How to brush your teeth in the most perfect way? I’ll tell you!
Next Post Game review: Guardians Of The Galaxy: The Telltale Series
12 thoughts on “The Twitter video games edition tag”
I’ve also never played any Zelda game ever haha
3 Jun 2020 at 22:05
Luckily I’m not the only one haha
Your answers have indeed changed a bit xd
A tiny bit xd
I love Telltale games so much
Lovely reading as always!
Glad to hear!
I do love Naughty Dog, but I mean… Quantic Dream though 🙂
They do have some good games!
Every time I read these kinds of tags, I always discover new games ^^
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2997
|
__label__wiki
| 0.862623
| 0.862623
|
This website uses cookies in order to improve user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies. For more information view our privacy policy
Benefits & Qualifications
CREW Network Events
CREWBiz Community
Jason Swords
Principal, Sunflower Development Group
Jason has been devoted to the Kansas City area since his family moved here in grade school. He grew up in Overland Park and went on to earn his degree from the University of Kansas School of Business.
In 2005, Jason began his career in real estate as a broker and purchased his first historic property after two years. With little knowledge of the National Historic Register and tax crediting programs at the time, this project opened Jason’s eyes to a developer’s role in preserving history.
Since then, Jason has led Sunflower Development Group to award-winning success in revitalizing urban communities. Jason’s passion for preservation and tireless commitment to big ideas is ingrained in everything we do at Sunflower.
Jason is speaking at CREW KC's April 28, 2020 program.
kccrew@crewkansascity.org
Copyright 2021 CREW Network - All rights reserved | Privacy Policy | Privacy Removal Request
Copyright 2019 CREW Network - All rights reserved | Privacy Statement
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line2999
|
__label__wiki
| 0.588171
| 0.588171
|
Arsenal contact Umtiti: Barca worry no one will pay €50m
Arsenal are showing interest in Barcelona defender Samuel Umtiti, but the La Liga club worry no one will pay their €50m asking price.
SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN: Samuel Umtiti of FC Barcelona (R) and Ruben Pardo of Real Sociedad (L) on September 15, 2018. (Photo by Aitor Alcalde/Getty Images)
Spanish outlet Sport report Manchester United, Chelsea and Arsenal have all been in contact with the representatives of Barcelona defender Umtiti. None of them made an official offer, but they’re showing an interest in his transfer.
Barcelona want a good fee for the French international, as much as €50m. At this point, however, they recognise getting that kind of money for him will prove difficult.
Umtiti made 16 appearances for Barcelona before the coronavirus lockdown. At the start of the campaign, he struggled with injuries, but he was getting regular starts in the league in 2020.
Nonetheless, Head coach Quique Setien plans to rely on Clement Lenglet over Umtiti in the long term, which is why it’s still likely he’ll move on this summer.
At €50m, it’s hard to see Arsenal seriously following up their interest. Umtiti is a bit too injury-prone for the club to invest that heavily in him. If Barcelona realise they can only sell by dropping the fee a bit, though, maybe it could happen. It’s still a long shot.
Previous articleBielik walking again 3 months after ACL injury
Next articleWillian confirms Chelsea contract extension talks are off
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3009
|
__label__cc
| 0.653886
| 0.346114
|
Chappaqua Daily Voice serves Chappaqua, NY
Recall Issued For Romaine Lettuce Due To E. Coli Risk
Dole is recalling products that may contain E. coli. Photo Credit: FDA
The FDA announced that Dole is recalling a vegetable product shipped across the country that could potentially be contaminated with E. coli.
Dole is recalling a number of cases of organic romaine hearts that were sold in packs of three with “Harvested-On” dates of “10-23-20" and “10-26-20," and Wild Harvest Organic Romaine Hearts, with “Harvested-On” dates of “10-23-20” and “10-26-20.”
According to the FAD, the recall was conducted due to the possible exposure to Pathogenic E. Coli, which can cause diarrhea, severe stomach cramps, and vomiting over the course of a week.
No illnesses have been reported from consumers eating the product, which are packed in 12-ounce bags.
The FDA noted that no other Dole products were included in the recall, which does not apply to any bagged or clamshell salad romaine products.
“This precautionary recall notification is being issued due to an isolated instance in which a package of Dole Organic Romaine Hearts – 3 (pack) yielded a positive result for pathogenic non-O157 E.coli STEC in a routine sample collected at a retail store by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development,” the FDA announced in its statement.
“There is no indication at this time that this positive result is related to any illnesses nor consumer complaints and it is not associated with the strains connected to the ongoing outbreaks currently under regulatory investigation.”
COVID-19: Here's Brand-New Rundown Of Westchester Cases By Co...
Chappaqua Daily Voice!
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3010
|
__label__cc
| 0.576501
| 0.423499
|
Dank’s Best Arguments for Why Cannabis Should Be Legal
Weed Weddings for Cannabis Couples Are the Latest Trend
Dank’s Guide to 4/20: History, Events, & More!
The Rise of Medical Marijuana in Asia
Illinois Leads the Nation in Progressive Cannabis Reform
The Future of Cannabis Legalization in the UK
The Dankest Music to Listen to While You’re High
Incredible Hemp Wick Benefits: The Best Lighter for Weed?
How Cannabis Can Elevate Your Exercise Routine
Cannabis in Canada – Dank’s Official Vacation Guide
5 Reasons to Get High in the Redwoods
Stoners in Spain: Barcelona’s Cannabis Clubs
Global Cannabis Industry to be Worth $15 Billion This Year
The Most Promising Penny Pot Stocks of 2019
The Future Looks Bright for Cannabis Industry Jobs
Cannabis-Infused Beers Are Making a Major Splash
Maker of Oreos Considers Line of CBD Snacks
Cannabis Drinks Are a Tasty Industry Trend
Athletes & Cannabis: The Top Stoners in Sports
A Look at TheWeedTube and Its Top Creators
The Outrageous History of Cannabis in the USA
The Buzz About CannaBuzz
Medical Marijuana Ready for Release in Louisiana
More States Than Ever Have Tried To Legalize Weed This Year
Hawaii Becomes 26th State to Decriminalize Cannabis
Which Uncommon Cannabis Strain Should You Try?
The Effects & Benefits of Vaping CBD Oil
The Incredible Benefits of Cannabis for Women
Clever Ways to Use Cannabis Leaves & Trim
Top 3 Essential Weed Accessories for Traveling Stoners
The Dank Guide to Traveling with CBD
Dank Cannabis Clubs of the UK
The Best Cannabis Stocks To Buy In 2020
Why Is CBD Oil so Expensive?
Cannabis Companies That Pay Investors Dividends
Women & Weed: Visionaries of the Cannabis Industry
Lego Switching to Hemp Plastic by 2030
5 Easy Recipes for Delicious, Potent Edibles
The Buzz About Cannabis Lollipops
15 Easy, Healthy Snacks to Make When You’re High
Why should cannabis be legalized in the USA, or anywhere else in the world? The list of benefits that marijuana provides and the reasons it should be legalized is endless. These are Dank’s top reasons why cannabis should be legal today.
Sarah Haze
There are a ton of reasons why cannabis should be legal despite what anti-drug advocates may say. Legalization is rapidly occurring across the world, but there’s still a large group of people out there who are staunchly against marijuana. A century of anti-drug campaigns have worked to make society believe that cannabis is dangerous and taboo. Attitudes are now slowly changing, but you may still find yourself having to defend your position on cannabis. These are some of the top reasons why cannabis should be legal.
Cannabis Has Undeniable Medical Benefits
The Legal Weed Industry = Big Money
Anti-Drug Laws Have Always Been Racist BS
Drug Laws Don’t Work Anyway
Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol and Tobacco
Legalization Protects Minors from Drug Abuse
Arresting People for a Plant Is Ridiculous
Regulation Makes Marijuana Safer
Cannabis Prohibition Gets in the Way of Medical Research
Cannabis Prohibition Is Expensive
Cannabis Prohibition Breeds Violent Crime
It’s What the People Want
Cannabis is currently classified as a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Drugs in this category are considered to have “no medicinal value.” However, this obviously isn’t true of cannabis, and possibly other drugs on the list as well.
Currently, 33 US states have passed medical cannabis laws. Patients in these states receive cannabis prescriptions for health conditions like cancer, eating disorders, insomnia, PTSD, glaucoma, HIV/ AIDS, anxiety, chronic pain, appetite loss, MS, and many more. Cannabis, and specifically cannabinoids, have undeniable benefits for medical patients.
The legal cannabis industry is hugely profitable. Experts predict that global cannabis sales could hit $15 billion by 2020. This impressive number could be over $65 billion by 2025. States that have legalized recreational or medical marijuana open up their economy to interesting business opportunities and tourist dollars.
(AP Photo – John Locher)
In the first 3 months after California legalized recreational cannabis, the state reported over $60 million in tax revenue. Since Colorado became the first state to legalize in 2014, their revenue has steadily climbed to over $1 billion. In fact, they have so much extra money from cannabis that they were able to set up special funds to build and improve schools. They’ve also used funds for health care, substance abuse treatment programs, and law enforcement. In some cases they even just gave part of the money back to residents as bonuses!
Additionally, there are a ton of jobs created by the legal marijuana market. The number of full-time employees in the cannabis industry is growing rapidly every year. This is great for the economy and for the people in the community.
Cannabis has been illegal in the United States since 1937. One of the main players behind cannabis prohibition was Harry Anslinger, head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and known racist. Anslinger was once quoted saying that, “reefer makes darkies think they’re as good as white men.”
Anslinger’s racist campaign against marijuana was helped by his friend William Randolph Hearst, who owned tabloids across the country. Using their media reach, a smear campaign against cannabis was born. They claimed that smoking weed made people violent or sexually crazed, despite the fact that no scientific studies backed this up.
The racist anti-cannabis policies continued with President Nixon and the War on Drugs. Nixon’s aide John Ehrlichman revealed in a quote, “We knew we couldn’t make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities.”
Throughout United States history, laws against cannabis have been implemented with racist intentions. These laws then systematically and disproportionately affect those communities. The American Civil Liberties Union reports that black individuals are 3 times more likely to be arrested for cannabis possession than someone who is white. This occurs despite the fact that black people and white people have similar rates of cannabis use.
Prohibition and drug laws have never accomplished their stated goal of reducing drug use. In 1937 when cannabis was first made illegal, very few people had heard of it or tried it before. Today, as obvious proof that these laws haven’t worked, cannabis is now the most used illicit drug in the US.
Anti-marijuana laws hasn’t stopped more than 22 million Americans from using cannabis in just one month alone. Advocates of prohibition are fighting an uphill battle and only serving to increase cannabis’ popularity. In fact, research shows that when cannabis is legalized, teenagers are actually less likely to use it overall.
In the Philippines, president Rodrigo Duterte has launched a violent war against drug users in his country. Thousands of citizens die at the hands of police each year, and tens of thousands more are gunned down and left in the streets by “unidentified gunmen.” It is routine for schoolchildren to be tested for drugs and for journalists to be attacked and murdered journalists. Despite all this, drugs have not gone away in the Philippines. The government seizes $19 billion worth of drugs per year, and surely even more are unaccounted for in the country.
The war against cannabis is particularly confusing when you compare the use of marijuana to that of other drugs that are objectively more dangerous. Alcohol and tobacco are clearly more harmful than cannabis, but they have a different history and reputation with society.
Alcohol use can cause health problems or encourage violent, sexual, impulsive behaviors. It’s well-known that tobacco causes cancer and is highly addictive. However, tobacco and alcohol have been widely used and normalized throughout human history. Cannabis is objectively less dangerous than both of these, but has been stigmatized as the drug of choice for fringe groups and criminals.
A classic argument of anti-drug advocates is that cannabis legalization will put drugs straight into the hands of children. On the surface, it makes sense that legalizing weed could make it easier to access; however, statistics show that legalization leads to a reduction in youth cannabis use rates. Regulating cannabis products and checking IDs at a legitimate storefront ultimately makes it harder for kids to get weed. It turns out that criminals never cared about selling drugs to minors, go figure.
Legalization also makes cannabis more mainstream, which may make it less appealing to rebellious teens. Anyone who’s ever been close with kids will tell you that a surefire way to get kids to do something is to tell them that they aren’t allowed. Parents and educators should be talking openly and honestly to kids about the risks and benefits of cannabis and how to use responsibly when they’re of age.
Despite the United States claiming to value individual freedom, they continue to give people criminal records over a harmless plant. Cannabis prohibition is costly to taxpayers, creates tension between citizens and law enforcement, and keeps police and lawmakers distracted from bigger issues.
Cannabis arrests have led to the destruction of people’s homes, property, and lives. The possession of a simple plant has led to a lifetime in jail. Marijuana charges have affected people’s ability to find employment and support their families. Regardless of your moral stance on drugs, destroying someone’s life over a plant is wrong.
Regulation guarantees that marijuana products are properly dosed and safe for consumption. There is virtually no chance that legal weed will be laced with other drugs, full of dangerous contaminants, or anything else that may be happen during an illegal cannabis sale. Regulation helps consumers and medical patients identify which products they want more easily.
We don’t know the full extent of cannabis’ medical value yet, and drug laws are to blame. Scientists have been restricted in conducting cannabis research for nearly a century due to prohibition. More research has been conducted in the last 10 years since states and countries have started to legalize medical cannabis. However, due to federal laws, scientists still face significant hurdles.
Aside from making cannabis difficult to access, prohibition also often leaves researchers with weed of much poorer quality than street cannabis. Large universities and research institutions still shy away from pouring research money into an illegal drug. This can make it difficult to get heavyweight names behind studies. Legalization would open the door for scientists to research marijuana benefits and risks freely.
The United States spends $20 billion a year enforcing cannabis prohibition. Over 300 economists have signed a petition urging for the end of marijuana prohibition due to its financial toll on the country. These experts predict that ending prohibition would save the federal government over $7 billion in enforcement each year as well as generate billions more in tax revenue.
Cannabis prohibition makes the production and sale of marijuana more dangerous. When cannabis is illegal, disputes between buyers, sellers, and distributors cannot be resolved in a courtroom. This often prompts criminals to resolve their disputes through violence. Illegal cartels are involved in the deaths of thousands of civilians each year.
Legalization of cannabis makes handling the product much safer overall. The industry would become as standard and regulated as any other market. Plus, legal cannabis sales would take a huge portion of the cartels’ profits, leaving some groups crippled.
Perhaps the best reason to legalize cannabis is that the US is a democracy and it’s what the majority of Americans want. If we could have a national referendum on cannabis tomorrow, weed would be legalized overnight.
The Pew Research Center states that 62% of Americans support legalization. This number jumps up to an even more impressive 74% among Millennials. Legalization is clearly in our future, but because of the glacially slow design of US politics, voters have to wait for cannabis to be legalized one state at a time for now.
While we wait out the days until federal legalization, we can spread these truths about cannabis and stay politically active. With any luck, enough voters will turn out to swing more states toward legalization. Once enough states have legalized, the federal government is sure to follow suit and finally legalize cannabis in America.
Related Topics:Cannabis Industry, Culture, Featured, Legalization, Lifestyle
"Sarah is an American expat living in Spain with her husband and little doggie. She comes from a performing arts and teaching background with a degree from the University of London. For the past 3 years Sarah has worked in and written about the legal cannabis industry both in Spain and the US. She cares about sharing her passion for cannabis, yoga, healthy lifestyles, counterculture and travel trough writing and social media."
Athletes love cannabis and CBD! Fitness experts believe cannabis can help you recover after training or...
By Cael
Have you checked out the videos on TheWeedTube? This stoner version of YouTube is the coolest...
By Sarah Haze
Is weed legal in the United States? As more states choose to legalize marijuana, its interesting...
The cannabis community needs a social media site that celebrates weed instead of restricting it. Could...
How to Roll a Dutch Master Blunt like a Pro
How to Roll a Backwood Blunt Like a Pro
How to Roll the Perfect Joint
How to Clean Glass Bongs & Pipes
Dank’s Guide to Blunts, Joints, & Spliffs
Mexico Courts Lean Towards Cannabis Legalization
Slang Terms
Copyright © 2019 Dank.co - All Rights Reserved. - Terms | Privacy | Contact Us
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3011
|
__label__wiki
| 0.769669
| 0.769669
|
Curbside Pickup Service
Online Classes – Universal Class
Indie SC
Self E-Publishing
Faye Griffin Receives FOSCL’s Outstanding Individual Award
March 16, 2020 /in Friends of the Library, News /by Sandy Meier
At its annual meeting on April 21, Friends of South Carolina Libraries (FOSCL) President John Bradley presented Darlington County resident Faye Griffin with its Outstanding Individual Award. Grriffin was nominated for her award by Fran Knotts, President of the Friends of the Lamar Library; Sherry Humphries, Lamar Branch Library Manager; Nancy Ray, Darlington County Library Director; Sue Rainey, former Darlington County Library Director; and Ken Hughes, former Darlington County Library Board Chairman.
FOSCL’s Outstanding Individual Award seeks to provide recognition to individuals who support and advance the mission of the state’s public libraries – a person who exemplifies a lifelong devotion to libraries through their leadership in the cause of public libraries.
Griffin’s support for libraries in her community dates back to the ‘60’s and has continued through the decades. The nomination letter cites her many accomplishments including active service on the Darlington County Library Board, spearheading the formation of the Friends of the Lamar Library, successfully advocating and securing funding for a new library building in Lamar, and then leading successful efforts to improve and expand the library’s grounds and facilities in more recent years. Not resting on her laurels, Griffin is currently involved in securing funding for a second expansion of the library to include a new children’s wing. As stated in the nomination letter, “It is hard to describe the passion Mrs. Griffin has for the Lamar Library. When she is not inside participating in meetings or checking out books, you may find her outside in the parking lot picking up branches after a storm, wading through the fountain pond to keep it free of debris or collecting coins that are tossed in by residents making wishes. She is dedicated to providing a quality organization for all ages and all walks of life and is totally committed to “Lifelong Learning @ Lamar Library.” Not only does she deserve the Outstanding Individual Award, Mrs. Griffin deserves a Lifetime Achievement Award for all that she has done for the Lamar Library and the Darlington County Library System.
Source: Friends of South Carolina Libraries. Summer/Fall 2012 http://www.foscl.org/Elements/2012_Summer_Fall.pdf
https://darlington-lib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/foscl20lamar1.jpg 185 138 Sandy Meier /wp-content/uploads/2020/01/logo-slm-e1579918020353.png Sandy Meier2020-03-16 02:51:172020-03-20 03:08:30Faye Griffin Receives FOSCL’s Outstanding Individual Award
State Senator Gerald Malloy Receives FOSCL’s Outstanding Public Official Award
FOSCL President John Bradley honored the accomplishments of South Carolina State Senator Gerald Malloy by presenting him with FOSCL’s Outstanding Public Official Award at the annual meeting of the Friends of South Carolina Libraries on April 21 in Columbia. Senator Malloy, who represents Senate District 29 (Darlington, Lee, Chesterfield, and Marlboro counties), was nominated by Friends of the Darlington County Library President Lois Baldwin, Darlington County Library Director Nancy Ray, former Darlington County Library Board Chair Ken Hughes, and former Darlington County Library Director Sue Rainey.
FOSCL’s Public Official Award seeks to recognize outstanding public officials who have promoted libraries through legislation, funding efforts, or who have shown support for libraries in some other purposeful manner. Senator Malloy has a considerable track record in actively assisting public libraries. He has led the cause to channel much-needed state lottery funds to public libraries. Recently , he was responsible for securing $250,000 in funds from the state budget as well as
advocating for $800,000 in local funding for the new Society Hill Library which was completed in July 2011 in Darlington County.
As the nomination letter states, “Senator Malloy’s longstanding commitment to the mission of public libraries in South Carolina has been a decisive factor in our efforts to provide successful service to the people of this district and this state over the past decade.”
Source: Friends of South Carolina Libraries. Summer-Fall 2012. http://www.foscl.org/Elements/2012_Summer_Fall.pdf
https://darlington-lib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/sen20malloy1.jpg 151 199 Sandy Meier /wp-content/uploads/2020/01/logo-slm-e1579918020353.png Sandy Meier2020-03-16 02:46:052020-03-20 03:09:05State Senator Gerald Malloy Receives FOSCL’s Outstanding Public Official Award
Darlington County Honors Friends of the Library
The Darlington County Library System celebrates the sixth annual National Friends of Libraries Week during the week of October 21st thought the 27th by honoring our Friends of the Library groups in Darlington, Hartsville, Lamar, and Society Hill. Across the county, the Library has over 300 dedicated Friends who contribute thousands of hours annually as volunteers helping with programs and fundraising efforts.
Earlier this month, the Darlington County Council recognized each of the four Library’s Friends groups with a proclamation designating the week of October 21st as National Friends of the Library Week, noting that our Friends “highlight the fact that our Library is the cornerstone of the community providing opportunities for all” and “their gift of their time and commitment to the library sets an example for all in how volunteerism leads to positive civic engagement and the betterment of our community.” Each Friends group was presented a copy of the proclamation by Chairman Billy Baldwin. The County Council urges everyone to join their local Friends of the Library and thank them for all they do to make our library and community so much better.
The work of our Friends is not only recognized here in Darlington County, but also across the state. The Friends of South Carolina Libraries (FOSCL) recognized Faye Griffin, one of our dedicated Friends from the Lamar branch, by awarding her the 2012 Outstanding Individual Award for her “support and advancement of the mission of the state’s public libraries.” She demonstrated her devotion to libraries by spearheading the formation of the Friends of the Lamar Library, successfully advocating and securing funding for a new library building in Lamar, and successfully leading later efforts to improve and expand the library’s grounds and facilities.
Another Darlington County resident, State Senator Gerald Malloy, was presented FOSCL’s Outstanding Public Official Award which recognizes outstanding public officials who have promoted libraries through legislation, funding efforts, or who have shown support for libraries in some other purposeful manner. Senator Malloy has a considerable track record in actively assisting public libraries. He has led the cause to channel much needed state lottery funds to public libraries. Recently, he was responsible for securing $250,000 in funds from the state budget as well as advocating for $800,000 in local funding for the new Society Hill Branch Library which was completed in July 2011. Senator Malloy’s longstanding commitment to the mission of public libraries in South Carolina has been a decisive factor in the efforts to provide successful service to the people of his district, the 29th, and the state over the past decade.
“Our Friends are what make many things possible at our libraries,” said library director Jimmie Epling. “Each Friends group is fantastic. Lamar’s and Society Hill’s Friends helped make the wonderful facilities we have in those communities a reality. The Hartsville and Darlington Friends have helped make their libraries special. The ideas, work, and fundraising our Friends provide make the level and quality of the services and programs we provide possible.” Each group is made up of friendly, welcoming and dedicated people. All those with a love of libraries and their community are encouraged to join their local Friends group which is dedicated to fostering closer relations between the libraries and the communities they serve through volunteering, raising funds, promoting library programs, and making suggestions for library use and services.
Each branch of the Darlington County Library System has its own Friends organization. Membership is open to the public. Anyone may join by paying a small yearly membership fee. Your local library will have membership forms. Contact the Friends group nearest you by calling the Darlington Branch at 398-4940, the Hartsville Branch at 332-5115, the Lamar Branch at 326-5524, or the Society Hill Branch at 378-0026.
You can never have too many Friends. Join the Friends of the Library nearest you today and become a part of something special, creating a fantastic library in your community!
The Darlington County Library System has location in Darlington, Hartsville, Lamar, and Society Hill. For more information, contact Director Jimmie Epling at 843.398.4940, Ext. 303 or by email at jepling@darcosc.com.
/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/logo-slm-e1579918020353.png 0 0 Sandy Meier /wp-content/uploads/2020/01/logo-slm-e1579918020353.png Sandy Meier2020-03-16 02:44:222020-03-16 02:44:22Darlington County Honors Friends of the Library
Paws to Read
March 15, 2020 /in Young Adults, Adults, Children, News /by Sandy Meier
https://darlington-lib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/woman-with-dog-PEXD7LK-Large.jpg 1374 2000 Sandy Meier /wp-content/uploads/2020/01/logo-slm-e1579918020353.png Sandy Meier2020-03-15 23:30:492020-03-16 01:18:45Paws to Read
Jimmy Newsom Signature Award
March 5, 2020 /in Awards, News /by Sandy Meier
Darlington County Library System Receives the 2012 Jimmy Newsom Signature Award
The Darlington County Library System received the Darlington County School District’s 2012 Jimmy Newsom Signature Award at its annual Education Forum on December 7th.
The Jimmy Newsom Signature Award was created in 1998 by the district’s Teacher Forum to honor former district superintendent, Jimmy Newsom. Each year, the recipient of the award is selected by the members of the Darlington County Teacher Forum. The Darlington County Teacher Forum is a teacher leadership organization composed of the 23 school Teachers of the Year, Outstanding First Year Teachers, and current and former District Teachers of the Year. The award is presented to an individual or organization that positively impacts the students, teachers, and schools of Darlington County School District.
In presenting the award, Mr. Newsom noted “the libraries of the Darlington County Library System are the hearts of each community they serve. While they provide services for everyone, it is for their extraordinary services to the children of Darlington County that earned this year’s Jimmy Newsom Signature Award. These services include story times, afterschool clubs, family movie nights, resource programs, and test preparation. The media specialists at the libraries assist the students of Darlington County with homework and teach research skills, computer skills and more. The library system works closely with the Darlington County School District to promote literacy by supporting school reading programs and ensuring appropriate books for school Accelerated Reader programs, required summer reading, and summer reading programs are readily available. The Darlington County Library System support the students and teachers of the Darlington County School District and actively seeks new ways to promote literacy at all levels.”
The award was presented by Mr. Newsom (right) to the Library’s Board President Ken Hughes (left) and Director Jimmie Epling.
Click here for the Hartsville (SC) Messenger article.
https://darlington-lib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/50c24590d2169.image1_.jpg 627 760 Sandy Meier /wp-content/uploads/2020/01/logo-slm-e1579918020353.png Sandy Meier2020-03-05 01:58:302020-03-05 02:22:03Jimmy Newsom Signature Award
Faye Griffin Receives FOSCL’s Outstanding Individual AwardMarch 16, 2020 - 2:51 am
State Senator Gerald Malloy Receives FOSCL’s Outstanding Public Official AwardMarch 16, 2020 - 2:46 am
Darlington County Honors Friends of the LibraryMarch 16, 2020 - 2:44 am
Paws to ReadMarch 15, 2020 - 11:30 pm
Mothers of newborns to receive welcome bags when leaving Carolina PinesMarch 15, 2020 - 11:24 pm
Branch Hours & Information
Administrative Offices | 843-398-4940
Darlington Library | 843-398-4940
Hartsville Library | 843-332-5115
Lamar Library | 843-326-5524
Society Hill Library | 843-378-0026
Cli-fi (noun) Climate fiction. A genre of fiction that deals with the impacts of climate change and global warming. A narrative that deal with how humans manage living in real and imaginary environments with severely altered climates. Get your cli-fi at the Library!
© Darlington County Library System | website by TheSiteCrew.com
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3012
|
__label__wiki
| 0.588655
| 0.588655
|
Weekend roadwork – GDOT taking a break
Decaturish updates
Atlanta Downtown Connector. Source: Wikimedia commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlanta_75.85.jpg
Atlanta Downtown Connector. Source: Wikimedia commons
The Georgia Department of Transportation is cancelling most of its major roadwork planned for this weekend.
Here is the full statement from GDOT, obtained via the Avondale Estates newsletter.
The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) is scaling back construction project lane closures across Georgia to accommodate expected heavy travel during the Memorial Day holiday weekend. There will be no active lane closures related to construction on any interstate or major federal or state highway from noon Friday, May 23, through5 a.m. Tuesday, May 27.
In addition, the Department expects all lanes of Interstate Highway 85 southbound near Shallowford Road to reopen byFriday after being closed for several days due a ruptured water line.
GDOT urges holiday drivers to be patient; alert; avoid distractions; and not to drive if they have been drinking. Moreover, they should slow down in construction work zones as heavy equipment may remain staged in close proximity to roadways. Motorists also should be aware that lane closures may remain in place on routes that are not heavily travelled or where the nature of the work so necessitates, such as where a drop-off in pavement exists. The Department also cautions that incident and emergency repair related closures may be necessary on any route at any time. For the latest traffic updates, visit 511ga.org. View a list of weekend events here.
In other transportation news for this weekend, MARTA sent along this statement about changes to the Braves shuttle service on Saturday, May 24.
Saturday Change to Braves/MARTA Shuttle Pick-Up Location
Pre-Game Bus Service to Operate at West End Station
Due to parade-related street closures on Saturday, May 24, Braves fans taking MARTA shuttles to Turner Field prior to game will board at the West End Station instead of the Five Points Station/Underground. After the start of the seventh inning, the MARTA shuttle will resume its regular service to Five Points Station/Underground for fans departing the game.
On Saturday only, MARTA shuttles will begin their Braves service at 1:30 p.m., at the West End station and fans will board buses to Turner Field on Lee Street. Rail customers heading to the game are advised to walk toward the front of the West End station before exiting and boarding a MARTA shuttle bus. Frequent announcements will be made on trains to inform fans of this one-day change to the shuttle schedule and MARTA customer service agents will be on hand to provide assistance at key locations.
Saturday’s parade activities will also affect bus routes that operate in the Downtown Atlanta area. Throughout the entire day, the Route #186 will be re-routed to Georgia State Station instead of Five Points and the Route #110 will only operate between Arts Center and Lenox stations. Between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. on Saturday, routes #74 and #32 will only operate from King Memorial Station; both routes will resume their normal operation out of the Five Points Station after 4 p.m. Routes #1 and #51 will operate from Vine City Station instead of Five Points.
Georgia Department of Transportation
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3014
|
__label__cc
| 0.573271
| 0.426729
|
Tag Archives: Forward View Into Action: New Care Models
National Self Care Week 2017: Embracing Self Care for Life (NHS England / Self Care Forum)
Summary The Self Care Week (2017), organised by the Self Care Forum, occurs between November 13th – 19th 2017. This year’s theme is “Embracing Self Care for Life”. This is all about: “ …engaging and empowering people to look after … Continue reading →
Posted in Charitable Bodies, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Management of Condition, National, NHS, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Patient Information, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Ageing Society, Annual Self Care Conference (2017), Antibiotic Stewardship, Avoidable Emergency Admissions, Awareness and Campaigns, Awareness and Understanding, Awareness Campaigns, Awareness Raising, Community Pharmacists, Community Pharmacy, Demand Management, Dr Pete Smith: Self Care Forum Co-chair, Dr Selwyn Hodge: Self Care Forum Co-chair, Embracing Self Care for Life: Self Care Week (2017), Five Year Forward View - Next Steps: New Care Models, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Good Practice in Managing Emergency Admissions, Health Policy, Health Wellbeing and Independence, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Lifestyles, Hilary Garratt: Deputy Chief Nursing Officer for England, Hilary Garratt: Director of Nursing at NHS England, National Self Care Week (2017), New Care Models, New Care Models Programme, NHS Digital (Previously NHS Choices), NHS England’s New Care Models Team, Patient Activation, Patient Autonomy, Patient Engagement, Patient Involvement, Pharmacist Involvement, Preventative Care, Preventative Services, Preventing Avoidable Emergency Admissions, Prevention, Prevention and Self Care, Prevention of Avoidable Emergency Admissions: Proactive Management of Long-Term Conditions, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Services, Pritti Mehta: NHS England New Care Models Lead for Self Care, Pritti Mehta: Strategy Lead for Person Centred Care Team at NHS England, Proactive Management of Long-Term Conditions, Public and Patient Involvement, Public Health, Quality of Life for People With Long Term Conditions, Reducing Downstream Spending (Prevention Public Health and Self-Care), Self Care For Life, Self Care Forum, Self Care Week, Self Care Week (2017), Self Care Week 2017 Resources, Self Care Week 2017: Embracing Self Care for Life, Self-Care, Self-Care Continuum, Support for Self-Care, Supported Self-Care, Supporting Self-Care, Understanding Self Care for Life, Vanguards: New Care Models Programme, Voluntary and Community Sector Organisations | Leave a comment
More On Community Engagement: Six Principles for Engaging People and Communities (People and Communities Board / National Voices)
Posted on June 21, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News
Summary The People and Communities Board and National Voices have released guidance on engaging with local people and communities with a view to “creating person-centred, community-focussed approaches to health, wellbeing and care”. This advice reinforces the proposed new relationship with … Continue reading →
Posted in Charitable Bodies, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), Guidelines, Integrated Care, Management of Condition, Mental Health, National, National Voices, NHS, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Patient Care Pathway, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Quick Insights, Standards, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 5YFV: NHS Five Year Forward View, Adult Social Care Survey (Adult Social Care), Ageing Population, Ageing Society, Altogether Better, Barriers and Facilitators to Participation, Befriending, Being Well Salford, Care Navigation, Carers Identified Supported and Involved, Citizen Participation, Citizenship: Involvement and Participation, Co-Production, Coalition for Collaborative Care, Commissioning on Grounds of Quality and User Involvement, Community Health Champions, Community Participation, Community-Centred Approaches, Control and Independence, CQC National Inpatient Survey (Inpatient Care), CQC National Survey of People Using Community Mental Health Services (Community Mental Health), Crisis Prevention, Deprived and Excluded Groups, Economic Sustainability, Education and Awareness, Empowerment, Engagement, Experience Based Co-Design, Experience Based Design, Experts by Experience, Feeling Supported, Financial Sustainability in the NHS, Five Year Forward View People and Communities Board, Five Year Forward View Programme Boards, Focus on Equality and Narrowing Inequality, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, GP Patient Survey (Primary Care), Health and Care Voluntary Sector Strategic Partnership Programme, Health Coaching, Healthwatch Islington, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Housing Sectors Involved As Partners and Enablers, Improving Local Public Health, Integrated Care and Support: Our Shared Commitment, Integrated Physical and Mental Health, Integrating Mental and Physical Healthcare, Integration of Physical and Mental Health, Joint Strategic Needs Assessment, Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Long-Term Conditions (LTCs), Managing Ongoing Physical and Mental Health Conditions, Marmot Principles, Mental and Physical Health, Narrative for Person-Centred Coordinated (‘Integrated’) Care, National Voices, National Voices Five Narratives: I Statements, National Voices I Statements, NEF Social Return on Investment, New Models of Care, NHS Carers Prescription, NHS England’s Five Year Forward View, NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), NHS Health and Care Innovation Expo (2016), NHS Shared Planning Guidance, PAM: Patient Activation Measure, Parity Between Mental and Physical Health, Participation of Older People, Patient Activation, Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Patient and Community Empowerment, Patient and Public Participation, Patient Choice, Patient Competencies, Patient Control, Patient Empowerment, Patient Empowerment Movement, Patient Engagement, Patient Engagement Strategies, Patient Expectations, Patient Experience, Patient Factors (Demand Side), Patient Involvement, Patient Participation, Patient Safety, Patient Supported Self-Management Programme, Peer Support, People and Communities Board, Person-Centred Care and Support, Personal Budgets Across Health and Care, Personalised Care and Support Planning, Personalised Care Planning Tool, Personalised Coordinated and Empowering Care and Support, Personalised Outcomes Evaluation Tool (POETs), Positive Step in North Somerset, Positively UK, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Services, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Carers Identified Supported and Involved, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Co-Production, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Focus on Equality and Narrowing Inequality, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Housing Sectors Involved As Partners and Enablers, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Person-Centred Care and Support, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Personalised Coordinated and Empowering Care and Support, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Services Created in Partnership With Citizens and Communities, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Social Action and Social Movements (Enablers), Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Voluntary Community and Social Enterprise, Principles for Engaging People and Communities: Volunteering, Protective Factors, Public Participation, Reducing Downstream Spending (Prevention Public Health and Self-Care), Reducing Health Inequalities, Reducing Waste in the NHS, Rotherham Social Prescribing Service, Self-Care, Self-Care Programme, Self-Determination, Self-Directed Services, Self-Directed Support, Self-Directed Support for Long Term Conditions, Self-Help, Self-Management, Self-Management in Chronic Illness, Self-Management Support, Service User Involvement, Services Created in Partnership With Citizens and Communities, Shared Decision-Making, Six Principles for Engaging People and Communities, Social Action and Social Movements (Enablers), Social Prescribing, Social Return on Investment (SROI), Social Value Act 2012, SROI (Social Return on Investment), Support For Recovery, Support for Self-Care, Supported Self-Care, Supporting People to Manage Their Health, Supporting Self-Care, Surrey Carer Partnership, Sustainable Health and Social Care, Transforming Outcomes and Health Economics Through Imaging (TOHETI) Programme, User Participation, VOICES Survey of Bereaved Carers (End of Life Care), Voluntary and Community and Social Enterprise (VCSE) Sector, Voluntary Community and Social Enterprise, Voluntary Community Social Enterprise (VCSE), Volunteering, West London CCG’s Whole Systems Integrated Care Programme, Widening Participation in Healthcare | Leave a comment
Self-Care and the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) Tool (NHS England)
Summary NHS England has announced availability of an evidence-based tool designed to assist patients in obtaining person-centred support to manage their own care. The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a tool in the armoury of the Self-Care Programme, and is … Continue reading →
Posted in Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, International, King's Fund, Local Interest, Management of Condition, Mental Health, National, NHS, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Ageing Population, Ageing Society, Allocating Resources, Anu Singh: NHS England’s Director of Patient & Public Voice and Insight, Australia, Awareness and Understanding, Awareness of Potential Risks, Awareness Raising, “One You” Campaign, Canada, Care and Support Planning in General Practice, CCG Learning Environment, CCGs: Clinical Commissioning Groups, Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), Clinician Support for Patient Activation (CS-PAM), Clinician Support for Patient Activation (CSPAM), Clinician Support for Patient Activation Measure (CSPAM), Community Mental Health, Community Mental Health Services, Dementia Risk Prevention, Dementia Risk Reduction, Denmark, Department of Planning Public Policy and Management: University of Oregon, Development of CSPAM Score (and Rasch Analysis), Diabetes Education, Dr Alf Collins: NHS England's National Clinical Advisor, Dr Karen Eastman: Clinical Director for NHS Horsham and Mid Sussex CCG, Dr Karen Eastman: GP Partner at Brow Medical Centre in Burgess Hill (West Sussex), Dr Karen Eastman: NHS England’s Person Centred Care Working Group, Dr Karen Eastman: NHSE PAM Learning, Dr Karen Eastman: RCGP Champion for Care and Support Planning, Dr Ollie Hart: Clinical Lead for Person-Centred Care at NHS Sheffield CCG, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Eating and Drinking, Economic Sustainability, Education and Awareness, Epidemiological Concepts, Epidemiology, Exemplar Social Movements, Financial Sustainability in the NHS, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Germany, Health Affairs (Journal), Health Affairs (Project Hope), Health and Wellbeing, Health Inequalities, Health Inequalities in England, Health Policy Research Group: University of Oregon, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Improving Local Public Health, Institute for Sustainable Environments: University of Oregon, Integrated Personal Commissioning (IPC) Programme, Integrated Personal Commissioning Sites, Interventions for Social Isolation and Loneliness in Men, Interventions to Increase Patient Activation, Jane Cummings: Chief Nursing Officer for England, Japan, Learning Environment (NHS England), Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Long-Term Conditions (LTCs), Long-Term Conditions and The Mandate, Managing Care of People With Long-Term Conditions, Managing Your Health and Well-Being, Mandate to NHS England, Measuring Patient Activation, Neighbours in Poplar, Netherlands, NHS Crawley, NHS England Five Year Forward View, NHS England Learning Environment, NHS England's Realising the Value Programme, NHS England’s Patient Activation Narrative, NHS England’s Realising the Value Programme for Patient and Community Empowerment (NHS England)., NHS England’s Supported Self Care Programme, NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), NHS Horsham and Mid Sussex CCG, NHS Horsham and Mid-Sussex, NHS Mandate, NHS Sheffield CCG, NHS Tower Hamlets, Norway, Nudge, Obesity, Obesity Time-Bomb, Overlapping Risk Factors, PAM and CSPAM Measures, PAM: Patient Activation Measure, Patient Activation, Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Patient Activation Measure (PAM) Tool, Patient Activation Measure Licences, Patient Activation: Costs and Outcomes, Patient and Community Empowerment, Patient and Public Participation, Patient Choice, Patient Competencies, Patient Control, Patient Empowerment, Patient Empowerment Movement, Patient Engagement, Patient Engagement Strategies, Patient Expectations, Patient Experience, Patient Factors (Demand Side), Patient Involvement, Patient Safety, Patient Supported Self-Management Programme, Poplar and Limehouse Health Network, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Services, Professor Alf Collins: NHS England’s National Clinical Advisor for the Personalisation and Choice Group, Protective Factors, Quality and Outcomes Framework; the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Realising the Value, Realising the Value Programme, Reducing Demand (Treatment and Recovery), Reducing Downstream Spending (Prevention Public Health and Self-Care), Reducing Health Inequalities, Reducing Waste in the NHS, SAPPHIRE Group, SAPPHIRE Group (Social Science Applied to Healthcare Improvement Research): University of Leicester, Self-Care, Self-Care Programme, Self-Determination, Self-Directed Services, Self-Directed Support, Self-Directed Support for Long Term Conditions, Self-Help, Self-Management, Self-Management in Chronic Illness, Self-Management Support, Service User Involvement, Sir Derek Wanless: Wanless Challenge, Social Isolation, Somerset Practice Quality Scheme (SPQS), Staying Healthy for Longer, Support for Self-Care, Supported Self Care Programme (NHS England), Supported Self-Care, Supporting People to Manage Their Health, Supporting Self-Care, Sustainability and Transformation Plan (STP) Areas, Sustainable Health and Social Care, Sustainable Improvement Team: NHS England, Tailored Health Coaching Service, Tailored Health Coaching: NHS Horsham and Mid Sussex CCG, Targeting and Allocating Resources, Type 2 Diabetes, UK Renal Registry, University of Leicester, University of Leicester: SAPPHIRE Group (Social Science Applied to Healthcare Improvement Research), University of Oregon, Wanless Challenge (2002), Your Move | Leave a comment
Realising the Value: Background to “Health as a Social Movement” (NHS England / Health Foundation / Nesta)
Posted on February 17, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News
Summary A report has been published concerning the “Realising the Value Programme”, which in turn supplies the theoretical background for NHS England’s “Health as a Social Movement” programme. This report explores the concept of people and communities being put at … Continue reading →
Posted in Charitable Bodies, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), Health Foundation, In the News, Integrated Care, Management of Condition, National, NHS, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Patient Care Pathway, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 5YFV: NHS Five Year Forward View, Active and Healthy Ageing, Ageing Policy in the UK, Anu Singh: NHS England’s Director of Patient & Public Voice and Insight, Applied Research Centre in Health and Lifestyle Interventions: Coventry University, Awareness and Campaigns, Awareness and Understanding, Awareness of Potential Risks, Awareness Raising, Bangor University, Barriers to Self-Management in Early Stage Dementia, Behavioural Insights Team, Co-Production, Co-Production for Wellbeing, Coalition of the Willing, Commissioning and Funding, Commissioning for Value, Commissioning on Grounds of Quality and User Involvement, Community and Voluntary Sector, Community Services, Community Volunteering, Community-Based Care, Community-Based Interventions, Community-Based Services, Community-Based Support, Constrained Funding, Coordinated Health and Social Care, Coventry, Coventry University, Culture, Culture and Leadership, Culture Change, Demand and Capacity, Demand-Side Effectiveness, Demand-Side Factors, Economic Sustainability, Embedding Co-Production, Empowerment, Engagement, Exemplar Social Movements, Financial Sustainability in the NHS, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Funding Challenges, Health and Social Care, Health and Social Care Configuration, Health and Social Care Costs, Health and Social Care Integration, Health as a Social Movement (NHS England), Health Demand, Health Determinants, Health Improvement, Health Inequalities, Health Inequalities in England, Health Policy, Health Wellbeing and Independence, Health-Creating Society, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Improving Local Public Health, Improving Public Health, Institute of Health and Society: Newcastle University, Integrated and Community-Based Care, Interventions to Increase Patient Activation, Joined-Up Care, Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Local Empowerment, Mental Health Services for Older People (Juniper Centre) Birmingham, National and Local Information Campaigns, National Association for Voluntary and Community Action (NAVCA), National Campaigns, National Voices, NAVCA, NAVCA (National Association for Voluntary and Community Action), nef (the new economics foundation), NESTA, NESTA: National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts, New Care Models, New Care Models: Vanguard Sites, New Economics Foundation (nef), Newcastle University, NHS England’s Five Year Forward View, NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), Nudge, Obesity Time-Bomb, Overlapping Risk Factors, Patient Activation, Patient Empowerment, Patient Empowerment Movement, Patient Engagement, Patient Engagement Strategies, Patient Factors (Demand Side), Patient Involvement, Paul Healy: NHS Confederation, Peer Support, People Not Medicine to Save the NHS (NEF), Preventative Care, Preventative Services, Preventing and Managing Demand, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Services, Pritti Mehta: Strategy Lead for Person Centred Care Team at NHS England, Public Awareness, Public Health, Public Health Campaigns, Public Health Promotion Campaigns, Raising Awareness, Realising the Value, Realising the Value Programme, Redesigning More Productive Services, Reducing Demand (Treatment and Recovery), Reducing Downstream Spending (Prevention Public Health and Self-Care), Reducing Waste in the NHS, Regional Voices, Risk Factors, Royal Society of Arts, RSA Action and Research Centre, School of Psychology: Bangor University, Self-Administration, Self-Care, Self-Determination, Self-Directed Services, Self-Directed Support, Self-Directed Support for Long Term Conditions, Self-Help, Self-Management, Self-Management in Chronic Illness, Self-Management in People With Early Stage Dementia, Self-Management Interventions in Early Stage of Dementia, Self-Management Programmes, Self-Management Support, Service User Involvement, Social Determinants of Health Inequalities, Social Epidemiology, Social Movements, Social Networks, Social Prescribing, Social Wellbeing, Staying Healthy for Longer, Support for People with Complex Needs, Supporting People to Manage Their Health, Sustainability, Sustainable Health and Care Services, Sustainable Health and Social Care, Transformation Funding, Unhealthy Behaviours, Unhealthy Lifestyles, Unhealthy Living, University of Wolverhampton, Vanguard Programme, Vanguards: New Care Models Programme, Volunteering Matters, Wellbeing | Leave a comment
Health as a Social Movement (NHS England)
Summary NHS England has launched a three-year programme to support what is hoped will become a broad social movement to encourage wider patient and public participation in improving health and care. Full Text Link Reference Health as a social movement. … Continue reading →
Posted in Charitable Bodies, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), Integrated Care, Management of Condition, National, NHS, NHS Evidence, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 5YFV: NHS Five Year Forward View, Accountable Clinical Network for Cancer, Accountable Clinical Network for Cancer (Acute Care Collaboration), Accountable Clinical Networks, Accountable Clinical Networks for Cancer, Active and Healthy Ageing, Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguards, Acute Care Collaboration Vanguards, Ageing Policy in the UK, Airedale and Partners, Airedale and Partners (Enhanced Health in Care Homes), Awareness and Campaigns, Awareness and Understanding, Awareness of Potential Risks, Awareness Raising, Better Care Together, Better Care Together (Morecambe Bay Health Community) (Integrated Primary and Acute Care System), Better Care Together (Morecambe Bay Health Community) Vanguard, Campaigning, Care and Support for People With Dementia in Care Homes, Co-Production, Co-Production for Wellbeing, Coalition of the Willing, Commissioning and Funding, Commissioning for Carers Principles: Principle 2 Support What Works For Carers Share And Learn From Others, Commissioning for Value, Commissioning on Grounds of Quality and User Involvement, Community and Voluntary Sector, Community Services, Community Volunteering, Community-Based Care, Community-Based Interventions, Community-Based Services, Community-Based Support, Constrained Funding, Coordinated Health and Social Care, Culture, Culture and Leadership, Culture Change, Demand and Capacity, Demand-Side Effectiveness, Demand-Side Factors, Dementia: People With Dementia in Care Homes, Economic Sustainability, Embedding Co-Production, Empowerment, Engagement, Enhanced Health in Care Homes, Epidemiological Concepts, Epidemiology, Exemplar Social Movements, Financial Sustainability in the NHS, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Funding Challenges, GM Cancer Vanguard, Health and Social Care, Health and Social Care Configuration, Health and Social Care Costs, Health and Social Care Integration, Health as a Social Movement (NHS England), Health Demand, Health Determinants, Health Improvement, Health Inequalities, Health Inequalities in England, Health Policy, Health Wellbeing and Independence, Health-Creating Society, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Improving Local Public Health, Improving Public Health, Integrated and Community-Based Care, Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems, Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems (PACS), Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems (PACS) Vanguard Sites, Interventions to Increase Patient Activation, Joined-Up Care, Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Local Empowerment, Models of Enhanced Health in Care Homes - Vanguard Site: Airedale NHS Foundation, Models of Enhanced Health in Care Homes Vanguard Sites, Multispecialty Community Providers (MCPs) - Vanguard Site: Stockport Together, National and Local Information Campaigns, National Campaigns, nef (the new economics foundation), NESTA, NESTA: National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts, New Care Models, New Care Models: Vanguard Sites, New Economics Foundation (nef), New Models of Acute Care Collaboration: Vanguard Sites, NHS Airedale Wharfedale and Craven CCG, NHS England’s Five Year Forward View, NHS Erewash CCG, NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), Nudge, Obesity Time-Bomb, Overlapping Risk Factors, Patient Activation, Patient Empowerment, Patient Empowerment Movement, Patient Engagement, Patient Engagement Strategies, Patient Factors (Demand Side), Patient Involvement, People Not Medicine to Save the NHS (NEF), Preventative Care, Preventative Services, Preventing and Managing Demand, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Services, Public Awareness, Public Health, Public Health Campaigns, Public Health Promotion Campaigns, Raising Awareness, Redesigning More Productive Services, Reducing Demand (Treatment and Recovery), Reducing Downstream Spending (Prevention Public Health and Self-Care), Reducing Waste in the NHS, Risk Factors, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Society of Arts, RSA Action and Research Centre, Self-Administration, Self-Care, Self-Determination, Self-Directed Services, Self-Directed Support, Self-Directed Support for Long Term Conditions, Self-Help, Self-Management, Self-Management in Chronic Illness, Self-Management Support, Service User Involvement, Social Determinants of Health Inequalities, Social Epidemiology, Social Movements, Social Networks, Social Prescribing, Social Wellbeing, Staying Healthy for Longer, Stockport Together, Stockport Together (Multispecialty Community Provider), Support for People with Complex Needs, Supporting People to Manage Their Health, Sustainability, Sustainable Health and Care Services, Sustainable Health and Social Care, Transformation Funding, Unhealthy Behaviours, Unhealthy Lifestyles, Unhealthy Living, Vanguard Programme, Vanguards: New Care Models Programme, Wellbeing, Wellbeing Erewash – Your Life Your Way (Multispecialty Community Provider), Wellbeing Erewash: Your Life Your Way, What Works | Leave a comment
Five Year Forward View’s New Care Models: Updated Support for UEC and ACC Vanguards (NHS England)
Posted on December 14, 2015 by Dementia and Elderly Care News
Summary NHS England has released an update to the initial support package for new models of care vanguards, which now reflects the needs of all 50 vanguards. In particular, this document addresses the needs of the latest 21 vanguards; i.e. … Continue reading →
Posted in Acute Hospitals, Age UK, Charitable Bodies, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Local Interest, Management of Condition, Mental Health, National, NHS, NHS England, Person-Centred Care, Quick Insights, Standards, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 24/7 Access to Urgent and Emergency Care, 5YFV: NHS Five Year Forward View, 7 Day Services, Academic Health Science Networks (AHSNs), Access to Mental Health Services, Access to Urgent and Emergency Care, Accountable Clinical Networks: East Midlands Radiology Consortium (EMRAD), Accountable Clinical Networks: MERIT - Mental Health Alliance for Excellence Resilience Innovation and Training (West Midlands), Action for Prisoners and Offenders Families (APOF), Active Communities Programme, Acute and Emergency Care: Prescribing the Remedy, Acute Care, Acute Care Collaboration, Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguards, Acute Care Collaboration Vanguards, Acute Care Services, Acute Hospital Care, Acute Hospitals, Addaction, Alan Steward: Chief Operating Officer for Havering Clinical Commissioning Group, Alan Steward: Vanguard Programme Lead for Barking and Dagenham Havering and Redbridge System Resilience Group, Alignment of Incentives Across UEC Systems, Amanda Sullivan: Chief Officer for Mansfield and Ashfield and Newark and Sherwood Clinical Commissioning Groups, Association for Young People’s Health (AYPH), Better Care Together (Morecambe Bay Health Community) Vanguard, Better Local Care (Southern Hampshire), Brook, Building Health Partnerships, Building Health Partnerships (BHP), Bundled Contracts, Capitation for MCPs, Capitation for PACS Providers, Care and Support Planning, Carers Identified Supported and Involved, CHANGE, Clic Sargent, Clinks, Coalition for Collaborative Care (C4CC), Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs), Community and Voluntary Sector, Community Service Volunteers, Comprehensive Longitudinal Assessment of Salford Integrated Care, Design Principle 1: Joint National and Local Leadership, Design Principle 2: Simple Replicable Frameworks, Design Principle 3: Support For Radical Innovation, Design Principle 4: Working and Learning at Pace (For Change), Design Principles: Vanguard Approach to Change, Directory of National Support Services for Vanguards, Directory of Support for Vanguards, Disability Rights UK, Dr Mahiben Maruthappu: Chairman of the UK Medical Students’ Association (UKMSA), Dr Mahiben Maruthappu: NHS England's NHS Innovation Accelerator (NIA), Dudley Multispecialty Community Provider, East Midlands Radiology Consortium: EMRAD (Radiology), Enabler Metrics, Equality Delivery System (EDS2), Equality Delivery System for NHS, FaithAction, Family Lives, Federations, Fit For Work Team (East Midlands), Five Workforce Characteristics (5WFCs), Five Year Forward View (NHS England), Five Year Forward View Partners: NHS and Social Care, Five Year Forward View People and Communities Board, Forward View Into Action, Forward View Into Action: Directory of Support, Forward View Into Action: Empowering Patients and Communities, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Forward View Into Action: Support For Vanguards, Foundation Healthcare Group, Framework 15, Framework 15: Health Education England's Strategic Framework (2014 - 2029), Franchises, Geographically Disperse Multi-Service Chains, Governance Accountability and Provider Regulation, Greater Nottingham System Resilience Group, Health and Care Strategic Partner Programme, Health and Care Strategic Partnership Programme, Health Services Research Network (HSRN), Health Volunteering, Health Work and Wellbeing Group, Hospice UK, Hospital Chains, Hospital Chains and Specialty Chains, Hospital Franchises, Hospitals Collaboration Vanguards, Ian Ellis: New Care Models Programme, Insight and Feedback Unit, Institute for Voluntary Action Research (IVAR), Integrated and Community-Based Care, Integrated Care and Support, Integrated Care for Older People With Complex Needs, Integrated Care Systems, Integrated Commissioning, Integrated Commissioning and Provision, Integrated Commissioning Support, Integrated Organisational Forms, Integrated Physical and Mental Health, Integration of Physical and Mental Health, Integration of Primary Secondary and Community Care, IPC: Integrated Personal Commissioning, Jeremy Taylor, Jeremy Taylor: Chair of Five Year Forward View People and Communities Board, Joint Ventures on Shared Services, Joint Workstreams, Justice Partnership, Marie Curie Cancer Care, MCP Voluntary Contract Advisory Group, Men’s Health Forum (MHF), MERIT: Mental Health Alliance for Excellence Resilience Innovation and Training: West Midlands (Birmingham and Solihull) (Mental Health Accountable Clinical Network), Mid Nottinghamshire Better Together, Model Provider-to-Provider Sub-Contracts, Multihospital Chains, Multihospital Chains: Salford and Wigan Foundation Chain, Multisite Specialty Franchises: Neuro Network (Walton Centre in Liverpool), NACRO, National and Local Metrics, National Association for Voluntary and Community Action (NAVCA), National Care Forum (NCF), National Children’s Bureau (NCB), National Council for Palliative Care (NCPC), National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS), National Housing Federation, National Voices, Neuro Network (Walton Centre in Liverpool) (Neurology and Spinal Specialty Franchise), New Care Models, New Care Models Programme, New Care Models Programme: Urgent and Emergency Care (UEC) Vanguards, New Care Models: Support for Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguards, New Care Models: Support for Urgent and Emergency Care (UEC) Vanguards, New Care Models: Vanguard Sites, New Models of Acute Care Collaboration: Vanguard Sites, New Models of Care, New Models of Care Vanguards, New Models of Service, New Operating Models, New Payment Models, New Ways of Working, NHS Citizen, NHS Efficiency Challenge, NHS Efficiency Savings, NHS England's Five Year Forward View (2014), NHS England's Insight and Feedback Unit, NHS England's Patient Experience Team, NHS England: Building Health Partnerships, NHS England’s New Models of Care Programme, NHS England’s Right Care Programme, NHS Equality and Health Inequalities Unit (EHIU), NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), NHS Forward View, NHS Foundation Groups, NHS Franchising, NHSCH: NHS Continuing Healthcare, NIHR Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs), North East Urgent Care Network, Pathways CIC (North West), Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Patient and Community Empowerment, Payments and Incentives for ACCs, PCB: People and Communities Board, Pollyanna Jones: Associate Director of Collaboration for New Care Models, Procurement, Procurement Patient Choice and Competition Regulations, Quality and Outcomes Framework; the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Race Equality Foundation (REF), Radical Innovation, Redesigning Care Pathways, Redesigning Local Healthcare Systems, Redesigning Services, Regional Centres of Excellence, Regional Voices, Salford and Wigan Foundation Chain, Samantha Jones: Director of New Models of Care at NHS England, Shaping our Lives National User Network, Shared Services, Sharing Clinicians Across Sites, Sharing of Learning, Sheffield Occupational Health Advisory Service (South Yorkshire), Simple Replicable Frameworks, Social Enterprise UK, South Somerset Symphony Programme, Specialty Franchises, Streetgames, Sue Ryder, Support From Voluntary Sector Strategic Partners, Susan Acott: Chief Executive of Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, Susan Acott: Vanguard Lead for Foundation Healthcare Group (Dartford and Gravesham), Sustainable Health and Care Services, System-Wide Integration, Transformation Funding, Transformational Demonstrator Sites, Transforming Urgent and Emergency Care Services, Unplanned Hospital Admissions, Unscheduled Admissions, Unscheduled Care Pathways, Urgent and Emergency Care, Urgent and Emergency Care (UEC), Urgent and Emergency Care Commissioning, Urgent and Emergency Care Network Vanguards, Urgent and Emergency Care Networks, Urgent and Emergency Care Pathways, Urgent and Emergency Care Review, Urgent and Emergency Care Services, Urgent and Emergency Care Services in England, Urgent and Emergency Care Transformation, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguard Sites, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: Barking and Dagenham Havering and Redbridge System Resilience Group, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Clinical Commissioning Group, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: Greater Nottingham System Resilience Group, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: Leicester Leicestershire and Rutland System Resilience Group, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: North East Urgent Care Network, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: Solihull Together for Better Lives, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: South Devon and Torbay System Resilience Group, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: South Nottingham System Resilience Group, Urgent and Emergency Care Vanguards: West Yorkshire Urgent Emergency Care Network, Vanguard Sites, Voluntary Organisations Disability Group (VODG), Voluntary Sector, Voluntary Sector and Ageing, Voluntary Sector Organisations, Voluntary Sector Strategic Partner Programme (SPP), Voluntary Sector Strategic Partnerships, Voluntary Voices, Volunteering, Volunteering and Social Action, Volunteering Matters, Volunteering Matters (Formerly CSV), Win-Win Alliance, Young People’s Health Partnership, Youth Access | Leave a comment
Acute Care Collaboration Vanguards: Thirteen New Hospitals Collaboration Vanguards (NHS England / NHS Improvement)
Posted on September 28, 2015 by Dementia and Elderly Care News
Summary The search for new models of care, as proposed in the NHS Five Year Forward View, has previously entailed four types of vanguards: Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems (PACS): which involve local integration of GP, hospital, community and … Continue reading →
Posted in Acute Hospitals, Commissioning, For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), Integrated Care, Local Interest, Mental Health, National, NHS, NHS England, Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 5YFV: NHS Five Year Forward View, Accountable Clinical Networks, Accountable Clinical Networks for Cancer, Accountable Clinical Networks: Cheshire and Merseyside Women’s and Children Services, Accountable Clinical Networks: Developing ‘One NHS’ in Dorset, Accountable Clinical Networks: East Midlands Radiology Consortium (EMRAD), Accountable Clinical Networks: MERIT - Mental Health Alliance for Excellence Resilience Innovation and Training (West Midlands), Accountable Clinical Networks: Royal Marsden Manchester Cancer and UCLH, Accountable Clinical Networks: Working Together Partnership, Acute Care, Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguard Trust Buddying Schemes, Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguards, Acute Care Collaboration Vanguards, Acute Care Services, Acute Hospital Care, Acute Hospitals, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham and Solihull, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Buddying, Buddying Schemes, Cancer Vanguards, Cheshire and Merseyside Women’s and Children Services (Maternity and Paediatrics Accountable Clinical Network), Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Networks, Collaboration, Collaborative Quality Improvement, Common Model for NHS Franchising, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Dalton Review (2014), Dalton Review: New Options for Providers of NHS Care, Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust (DGT), Delivery of Specialist Back-Office and Diagnostic Services Across Providers, Developing ‘One NHS’ in Dorset (Multispecialty), District General Hospitals, Dorset Clinical Services Review, Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley and Walsall Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, East Midlands, East Midlands Radiology Consortium: EMRAD (Radiology), Efficiency Savings, Exemplar Orthopaedic Services, Federations, Five Year Forward View (NHS England), Forward View Into Action, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Foundation Healthcare Group (Dartford and Gravesham), Franchises, Geographically Disperse Multi-Service Chains, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), High-Performing Foundation Trusts, High-Performing Foundation Trusts (Buddying / Mentorship), High-Performing Foundation Trusts (Buddying / Mentorship): Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, High-Performing Foundation Trusts (Buddying / Mentorship): Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, High-Performing Foundation Trusts (Buddying / Mentorship): Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, High-Performing Foundation Trusts (Buddying / Mentorship): Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Hospital Chains, Hospital Chains and Specialty Chains, Hospital Franchises, Hospitals Collaboration Vanguards, Independent Cancer Taskforce, Integrated Care and Support, Integrated Care for Older People With Complex Needs, Integrated Care Systems, Integrated Commissioning, Integrated Commissioning Support, Jim Mackey: Chief Executive of NHS Improvement, Joint Ventures on Shared Services, Liverpool CCG, Manchester Cancer and UCLH (Cancer), Mental Health Vanguards, MERIT: Mental Health Alliance for Excellence Resilience Innovation and Training: West Midlands (Birmingham and Solihull) (Mental Health Accountable Clinical Network), Models of Care Across Organisational Boundaries, Moorfields (Ophthalmology Specialty Franchise), Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Multihospital Chains, Multihospital Chains: Northumbria Foundation Group, Multihospital Chains: Royal Free London, Multihospital Chains: Salford and Wigan Foundation Chain, Multisite Specialty Franchises, Multisite Specialty Franchises: Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust (DGT), Multisite Specialty Franchises: Moorfields, Multisite Specialty Franchises: National Orthopaedic Alliance, Multisite Specialty Franchises: Neuro Network (Walton Centre in Liverpool), National Orthopaedic Alliance (Orthopaedics Specialty Franchise), National Orthopaedic Alliance Vanguard, Networks, Networks and Alliances, Neuro Network (Walton Centre in Liverpool) (Neurology and Spinal Specialty Franchise), New Care Models, New Care Models Programme, New Care Models Programme: Urgent and Emergency Care (UEC) Vanguards, New Care Models: Support for Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguards, New Care Models: Vanguard Sites, New Models of Care, New Models of Care Vanguards, New Models of Service, New Ways of Working, NHS Cancer Taskforce, NHS Efficiency Challenge, NHS Efficiency Savings, NHS England Specialised Services Commissioning Team (North), NHS England's Five Year Forward View (2014), NHS England’s Cancer Taskforce, NHS England’s New Models of Care Programme, NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), NHS Forward View, NHS Foundation Groups, NHS Franchising, NHS Liverpool CCG, NHS Providers, NHS Warrington CCG, North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Northumbria Foundation Group, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Radical Innovation, Redesigning Care Pathways, Redesigning Local Healthcare Systems, Redesigning Services, Regional Centres of Excellence, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (Oswestry), Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free London, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Marsden, Royal Marsden Manchester Cancer and UCLH, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust (Stanmore), Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (Birmingham), Salford and Wigan Foundation Chain, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (SRFT), Samantha Jones: Director of New Models of Care at NHS England, Service Redesign, Service Redesign (Telehealth), Shared Learning and Practice, Shared Services, Sharing Clinicians Across Sites, Sharing Excellent Practice, Sharing of Learning, Simple Replicable Frameworks, Specialty Franchises, Sustainable Health and Care Services, UCLH: University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington CCG, West Midlands, Working Together Partnership (South Yorkshire North Derbyshire and Mid Yorkshire) (Multispecialty), Working Together Partnership: Mid Yorkshire, Working Together Partnership: North Derbyshire, Working Together Partnership: South Yorkshire, Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, WWLFT: Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust | Leave a comment
New Models of Care Vanguards: Vanguard Support Package (NHS England)
Summary A support package for the new models of care vanguards has been created by the NHS Five Year Forward View partners. The 29 local NHS and care consortiums (known as Vanguard Sites), are exploring alternative models / better ways … Continue reading →
Posted in Acute Hospitals, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Management of Condition, Mental Health, Models of Dementia Care, National, NHS, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Patient Care Pathway, Person-Centred Care, Quick Insights, Standards, Telecare, Telehealth, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 5YFV: NHS Five Year Forward View, Academic Health Science Networks (AHSNs), Acute Care Collaboration (ACC) Vanguards, Airedale, Airedale and Partners, Association of Directors of Adult Social Services (ADASS), Barriers to Engagement, Benchmarking, Benefits of Integrated Care, Better Care Together (Morecambe), Better Health and Care for Sunderland, Better Local Care (Southern Hampshire), Better Together (Workington), Bottom-Up NHS Reform, Bradford, Calderdale Health and Social Care Economy, Capitation for PACS Providers, Care Integration, Caregiver Support, Carer Support, Carer Support Services, Community Empowerment, Community Mental Health, Community Mental Health Services, Connected Digital Solutions and Information Systems, Coordinated Care, Craven, Dementia Long-Term Care and Support, Dementia Long-Term Services, Dr Donal Collins: Better Local Care (Southern Hampshire) Vanguard, Dr Nick Harding OBE: Partner at Handsworth Wood Medical Centre, Dudley Clinical Commissioning Group, East Lancashire, Employee Engagement, Empowering Communities for Health, Empowerment, Empowerment and Support, Engagement, Engagement and Co-Production, Engagement and Patient Preferences., Enhanced Health in Care Homes, Enhanced Personalised Care Plans, Five Year Forward View (NHS England), Forward View Into Action, Forward View Into Action: New Care Models, Handsworth Wood Medical Centre, Information and Metrics, Integrated Care and Support, Integrated Care for Older People With Complex Needs, Integrated Commissioning, Integrated Commissioning Support, Integrated Personal Commissioning (IPC), Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems, Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems (PACS), Integrated Primary and Acute Care Systems (PACS) Vanguard Sites, Integration Transformation Fund, Integration Transformation Fund (aka Better Care Fund), Jim Mackey: Chief Executive of Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Jim Mackey: Partner in Northumberland Accountable Care Organisation Vanguard, Joint National and Local Leadership, Local Government Association: LGA, Local Integration, Local Leadership, Local Leadership for Healthy Communities, Local Leadership for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Long-Term Care (LTC), Long-Term Care and Support, Long-Term Conditions, Long-Term Conditions (LTCs), Long-Term Health and Social Support, Long-Term Services and Support (LTSS), Long-Term Treatment, Mid Nottinghamshire Better Together, Model Provider-to-Provider Sub-Contracts, Models of Care: Age-Related Models, Models of Care: Integrated Models, Models of Enhanced Health in Care Homes, Models of Enhanced Health in Care Homes Vanguard Sites, Multi-Specialty Community Providers, Multispecialty Community Providers (MCPs), Multispecialty Community Providers (MCPs) - Vanguard Site: Stockport Together, Multispecialty Community Providers (MCPs) Vanguard Sites, My Life a Full Life (Isle of Wight), New Care Models, New Care Models Programme, New Care Models Programme: Urgent and Emergency Care (UEC) Vanguards, New Care Models: Vanguard Sites, New Models of Care, New Models of Care Vanguards, New Ways of Working, NHS Confederation, NHS England's Five Year Forward View (2014), NHS England’s Rightcare Programme, NHS Forward View, NHS Providers, NHS Workforce, North East Hampshire and Farnham Clinical Commissioning Group (PACS), Northumberland Accountable Care Organisation, Northumberland Accountable Care Organisation (PACS), Patient Empowerment, Patient Engagement, Prime Minister's Challenge Fund, Procurement and Patient Choice, Quality Payments in the NHS, Radical Innovation, Redesigning Care Pathways, Redesigning Local Healthcare Systems, Redesigning Services, Rightcare Programme, Royal Colleges, Salford Together, Samantha Jones: Director of New Models of Care at NHS England, Service Redesign, Service Redesign (Telehealth), Shared Learning and Practice, Sharing of Learning, Simple Replicable Frameworks, Simplified Quality Payments in the NHS, South Somerset Symphony Programme, South Somerset Symphony Programme (PACS), Staff Engagement, Stockport Together, Support for People with Complex Needs, Supporting Carers, Telemedicine, Transformation Fund, Vanguard Support Package, Vitality Vanguard, Wharfedale, Wirral Partners, Workforce Development, Working and Learning at Pace | Leave a comment
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3016
|
__label__cc
| 0.584579
| 0.415421
|
LEVITTOWN UFSD
NORTHSIDE SCHOOL
NORTHSIDE SCHOOL AT A GLANCE 2018-19
More Enrollment Details
STUDENTS BY ETHNICITY
STUDENTS BY GENDER
Average Class Size is the average number of students in a particular class.
Grade 3 Ela
Grade 3 Math
Grade 4 Science
“Common Branch” refers to self-contained classes in Grades 1-6 that are taught by teachers certified to teach all subjects typically included in elementary school. Additional student and educator data is available in the Student and Educator Report.
A positive school climate promotes school safety, student self-esteem, emotional well-being, mental health, and lower incidences of substance abuse, student absenteeism, and suspensions. The New York State Education Department (NYSED) continues to promote initiatives to foster student engagement and thereby increase student achievement, safety, and wellness.
Our Social Emotional Learning materials support the state's ESSA plan priorities and promote a positive school climate. The resources outline benchmarks and frameworks for educators to implement Social Emotional Learning practices in their schools and classrooms.
Mental health education can assist young people and their families and result in positive decision-making and life-long success.
School Safety indicates the safety of the school’s environment based on reported incidents.
ADDITIONAL DATA RELATED TO SCHOOL CLIMATE
Student Attendance Rate
What percentage of students attended school on the days the school was open?
Student Suspension Rate
What percentage of students were suspended from school at least one full day during the school year?
Chronic Absenteeism Rate
What percentage of students were absent 10 percent or more of the days they were enrolled in school?
ACCOUNTABILITY STATUS
Good Standing
The Every Student Succeeds Act, or ESSA, the main federal law for K-12 public education, requires that states hold public schools accountable for how students achieve. New York State established a set of indicators to measure school and district performance.
The accountability system classifies schools into one of three categories: In Good Standing, a Comprehensive Support and Improvement (CSI) school, or a Targeted Support and Improvement (TSI) school.
School Designations
Good Standing District
Comprehensive Support and Improvement (CSI) School
Target District
A district in Good Standing demonstrates success in all performance goals. Schools that struggled to prepare all of their students with some or all indicators of success. Districts that struggled to prepare some of their student subgroups on some or all indicators are identified as Target Districts.
This classification system is all about achieving equity. By identifying schools that need the most attention, NYSED and school districts can focus resources on these schools. Visit our website to learn more about what happens if your child’s school is identified as a CSI or TSI school.
Read the Accountability Fact Sheet for Parents for more information. Find more information about ESSA Accountability Designations on our website.
How do students at your child’s school perform on New York State tests?
Students in New York State take standardized tests in English language arts and mathematics in grades 3-8, science in grades 4 and 8, and high school Regents exams in English, mathematics, science, and social studies. The tests are designed to measure how well students are mastering the learning standards that guide classroom instruction and help to ensure that students are on track to graduate from high school with the critical thinking, problem solving, and reasoning skills needed for success in college and the modern workplace.
Students are assigned a performance level based on how well they do on the tests, with 4 being the highest level a student can earn.
New York State Assessments (Tests) Performance Levels
Level 4 Advanced Proficient
Level 3 Proficient
Level 2 Partially Proficient
Level 1 Not Proficient
Students who achieve a performance level of 3 or 4 are considered to be proficient. The data below indicate the percentage of students that achieved a performance level of 3 or 4 on each test.
SCORED AT A PROFICIENT LEVEL
Additional information about tests is available on our State Assessment website, including fact sheets about the 3-8 tests for parents and stakeholders.
Learn about the equity and effectiveness of our federal, state, and local educational resources.
Fiscal transparency reports outline how much each school is spending per student and the source of the funds. These fiscal transparency reports were issued for the first time in 2020 for the 2018-19 school year, and annual releases will be available after April 1st in each subsequent year. At the district level, they will inform conversations within districts about whether equitable resources are being provided at the school level. At the state level, these reports will help inform future Board of Regents State Aid requests and other policymaking decisions.
PRINCIPAL: FRANK MORTILLARO
LEGAL NAME: NORTHSIDE SCHOOL
BEDS CODE: 280205030011
INSTITUTION ID: 800000049706
WEBSITE: www.levittownschools.com
NORTHSIDE SCHOOL DATA
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3017
|
__label__wiki
| 0.866527
| 0.866527
|
A dying man just had his top bucket list wish fulfilled. It was a call from President Trump
Jay Barrett, a cystic fibrosis patient, had one wish: to meet or talk to President Trump before he dies.
Posted By: CNN
Jay Barrett had one big wish on top of his bucket list: meet or talk to President Donald Trump before he dies.
On Tuesday night, Barrett, who has cystic fibrosis, got his wish fulfilled, thanks to the help of his sister Bridgette Hoskie, who is a Democratic city council member in West Haven, Connecticut.
'All right Jay, you look handsome to me. I just saw a picture of you,' Trump says in a phone call.
'Oh, you're giving me kind honors. I look like s**t,' Barrett responds in a video posted by his sister. Then, Trump calls him 'a champ' and asks him: 'You're fighting it right?'
'That's what the Irish do, right?' Barrett answers, to which Trump states: 'Yeah that's what the Irish do, you better believe it' before inviting him to a rally.
Barrett recently left the hospital and is staying at her sister's house as he receives palliative care.
'He said to me how cool would it be to visit DC and the President be there in the lawn waving,' Hoskie told CNN. 'I just wanted to make that happen. i wanted him to have a moment to say, 'Wow that just happened.'
So Hoskie started to secretly pull some strings to surprise her brother.
On her city's blog, West Haven-The Way It Is, Hoskie asked people to email the White House and send a request to the President asking him to contact her brother. 'From there, more people caught wind and everyone just pitched in to make it happen,' Hoskie said. 'Hundreds of people emailed the White House.'
Lynne Patton, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development regional chief, contacted Barrett on Instagram after reading about his wish on a New Haven Register story, according to CNN affiliate WFSB.
Patton, who is from New Haven, then called Barrett on Monday night.
'I call her back and she's like, 'I've got somebody who wants to talk to you on the other line, do you mind',' Barrett told WFSB.
It was the President's son Eric.
'He sits there and he says, 'You know I've talked to my sister and brother about you, Don, Ivanka, all of them, we're hoping and praying for you, just keep fighting, don't ever give up'.'
The President called the family the next day.
Barrett said of the gesture: 'It would be a big deal, especially knowing he doesn't do a lot of this stuff anymore. He's got a lot stuff on his schedule,' Barrett said.
Hoskie says the initiative went beyond the usual partisan political divisions.
'I contacted Mike Last, DTC chairman of my town, to help me have a few Republicans visit him. My Mayor Nancy Rossi helped get the word out and Republicans reached out for us.
'People in West Haven will do what they can for a Westie,' Hoskie said.
In the call, Trump also tells Barrett he will get a personal note from him delivered by Patton on Saturday and Barrett will be 'sitting front, row center' at one of his rallies.
'You're my kind of man, Jay. I'm very proud of you,' Trump said. 'I'll talk to you again, Jay, OK? You keep that fight going. We both fight.'
Teacher's dying wish: Backpacks full of supplies instead of flowers
Make-A-Wish looking for wish granters
NASA astronaut Kate Rubins is ready for a 2nd 'bucket list' trip to the space station
President Trump's associate arrested
Trump, Michelle Obama top Gallup's 2020 most admired lists
List of road closures
AP sources: WH aide dismisses McCain view, says 'he's dying'
Lawyer: ex-Birmingham mayor Larry Langford dying in prison
African Americans dying at disproportional rate from coronavirus in Alabama
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3020
|
__label__wiki
| 0.797129
| 0.797129
|
Crew digs through tons of trash to find wallet
LOGANSPORT — A northern Indiana man whose cash-filled wallet was accidentally thrown out got it back last week after a crew waded through tons of trash and found it, wet and smelly, near the bottom.
Logansport resident Robert Nolte said his wallet ended up in the trash Thursday when he asked a friend to throw out a pair of green camouflage pants that were covered in white paint. After his trash was hauled away, Nolte realized his wallet was missing and that it had been in the discarded pants.
At his wife's urging, he called a city code enforcement officer, Johnny Quinones, and explained the situation.
“I originally told the caller that there would be no way to find it," Quinones told the (Logansport) Pharos-Tribune.
Quinones nonetheless worked with a crew from trash-hauler Republic Services to search for the pants after determining which driver had collected Nolte's trash. They made their way through 9 tons (8 metric tons) of garbage dumped onto a concrete slab, looking for the pants, which Nolte's friend had rolled up and placed, unbagged, on top of Nolte's trash.
They eventually discovered the pants at the bottom of the trash pile, with the cash-filled wallet still in one of its pockets. Quinones thanked Republic Services for allowing the search then summoned Nolte, turning the wallet over to him.
“It smelled a little bad and it was a bit wet, but I can buy another wallet," said Nolte, who had made a trip to the bank before his wallet went missing.
“I took out a $100 bill to give to Johnny for finding my wallet. He refused it. Johnny, being the nice guy that he is, wouldn’t take the money," Nolte said. “He just said, ‘God will do me better down the road.’”
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3030
|
__label__wiki
| 0.905682
| 0.905682
|
A look back at some memorable moments Herald photographers captured last year:
Marlena Sloss/The Herald
Pat Gress of Ireland drives a giant rainbow past the Grace and Truth Church to place on the corner of Walnut Street and Green Street in Ireland on Feb. 25, 2020. Gress, who made the rainbow in 2016 for the Ireland Bicentennial, moved the rainbow out of storage in preparation for Ireland’s St. Patrick’s Celebrations. Gress said the rainbow has become a popular spot for people to take photographs. “People appreciate it,” he said.
Nikkia Anders shows Nikkole, 4, left, Jaimi, and Charity how to look for ripe tomatoes in their garden on Sept. 23, 2020. Nikkia teaches her children at every opportunity and always includes them in tasks like gardening.
Kayla Renie/The Herald
Holy Trinity Catholic School fifth-grader Lila Schmitt lifts her cousin, fifth-grader Grace Docktor, during a “Jumping for Jesus” aerobics session at the school’s East Campus in Jasper on Jan. 30, 2020. For Catholic Schools Week, Holy Trinity celebrated with a different activity each day. “We wanted today to be energetic and exciting,” Principal Jon Temple said. “Something to get them moving in the morning.”
Cheyenne Boone/The Herald
Kent Reyling of Jasper poses for a photograph in front of a community mural on the Kerstiens Building in Jasper on July 11, 2020. “I wanted to come out and support the kids,” Reyling said. “This is an amazing thing.” Reyling is a member of the Jasper Community Arts Commission Board. The mural was dedicated on July 11, 2020, by the Jasper Mayor’s Youth Leadership Council.
Salem United Church of Christ Custodian Linda Gehlhausen, right, waves to Alan Nass of Huntingburg during her surprise drive-by retirement parade at the church in Huntingburg on July 8, 2020. That day was Gehlhausen’s last day of work at the church after more than 20 years. “I’m shocked and I’m really going to miss this church,” Gehlhausen said. Though she said she felt embarrassed by the parade, she also admitted she loved it. “I’m glad they appreciate me,” she said.
Sarah Ann Jump/The Herald
Ed Young, 79, wakes up his wife, Karen, 78, who has advanced dementia, as their daughter and Home Instead caregiver, Dede Britzman, 47, of Jasper, prepares the materials necessary to change and bathe Karen — a diaper, pads, diaper ointment, lotion, deodorant, gloves and wipes — on the portable commode set up in the Youngs’ living room at their home in Jasper on July 27, 2020. “Dementia robbed her of everything. It deprives her of communicating with her family. It deprives her of her independence,” Ed said. “She can’t dress herself. She can’t eat by herself. She can’t walk by herself ... She can hug and kiss yet.” Family photos of the Youngs’ 7 children, 21 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren adorn the wall.
Shirley Bartley of Jasper laughs with Matt Lorey after he stopped in to use her restroom and say hello along his mail route on Jan. 15, 2020. Instead of taking a lunch break, he takes a short break at Bartley’s home. “If he didn’t come every day, I would lose my mind,” Shirley said.
Quinten Schue, 8, of Jasper, lies on Rascal before the cattle show at the 2020 Dubois County Youth Open Show at the Dubois County 4-H Fairgrounds in Bretzville on July 6, 2020. Quinten said lying on the cattle is “a little scary because if he gets up, you have to get up really quickly.”
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3031
|
__label__cc
| 0.663898
| 0.336102
|
chronistin
146 Awesome
About chronistin
Alxa
avevers
HeBoIz
PinkElephant
David_C.
rrc39.5c9ef1e@m.evernote.c
To all disappointed premium users: let's cancel our subscriptions
chronistin replied to Alxa's topic in Evernote General Discussions
As for importing notes, be careful. Notion does auto detect tables and takes them over to their own format - this butchers some notes like emails sent in html format and similar stuff. I really like notion, have been using it for some time now. But for my purposes, it is not an EN replacement. No way to store all data locally, no API (yet) and therefore no way to automate things, no indexing of document / image content.
Well, I recently came across this video detailing the original vision of EN. I never saw it back in the day, but it sums up what EN felt like for me - and doesn't anymore. Today's Evernote? I do not wish them well, nor do I wish them evil. I wish they would revisit the visionary approach from back then instead of trying to become the zillionth collaborative project management tool.
Anyone Else Thinking of Switching?
chronistin replied to tony10000's topic in Evernote General Discussions
I have to correct myelf here, they have changed this, files are included now.
I hear you, also trying to sit this out but slowly losing patience. But the export options are a mess almost everywhere. I haven't found a complete, yet simple (almost) humanreadable format like ENs html export anywhere (didn't check Onenote, as I just hate the look and feel of it).
In theory, I absolutely agree, and in the last year I have rebuilt my workflow so that I can live (work) without Evernote, as it was becoming clear that the development has changed direction. In this special case, I still hold a grudge, because I used to love that app so much. It was such an effortless way to collect, file, organize and archive everything I need. It matched my way of thinking, if you know what I mean. Now for a while, with every update they change or take away things that came naturally to me. My subscription runs until July next year, and I still hope against hope that
chronistin started following Evernote gmail IFTTT or similar setup, Anyone Else Thinking of Switching?, Open letter to EN: The correct way to replace a product's code base and 2 others October 19, 2020
When exporting html, Notion does not include files, they're only referenced on the server. Big problem for me.
Open letter to EN: The correct way to replace a product's code base
chronistin replied to Rob Freundlich's topic in Evernote General Discussions
Exactly! Lack of communication is EN's biggest problem. The resolution to give more information with the behind the scenes videos was a big disappointment. Going into the depths of GUI designing or search setup in a frontal teaching setup does not make up for lack of communication. As I see it, with every new version they are continuing to dumb down EN to make it more appealing to new users, abandoning or hiding features that made it unique for power users. I don't like that direction at all. At this point, I'm only still using EN out of laziness. Migrating > 20000 notes is a tas
Web Clipper does not work in Gmail (most of the time)
chronistin posted a topic in Web Clipper Issues
For a while now, in Gmail Webclipper is either very slow to appear after clicking the elephant icon, or does not appear at all. Sometimes, reloading the page helps, other times, it does not. Any ideas how this could be remedied? I've already tried deinstalling and reinstalling, but the problems persist. Happens in Chrome (version) on Windows 10. And yes, I have tried Evernote for Gmail add on, but come on. No searching for notebooks, just scrolling. No direct typing of tags. No way to add reminders. This add on is not useful.
Add field on business cards in desktop and andriod
chronistin replied to Sanguineti's topic in Evernote General Discussions
What I am doing right now is adding the cards to google keep. It does a great job in recognizing all the text, and you can copy it over to Evernote or anywhere else you need it. This way does not sync with the address book or linekdin obviously, but if you are like me and don't need these features, it's the best way I found.
Webclipper's intelligent sorting not intelligent anymore
chronistin replied to chronistin's topic in Web Clipper Issues
Nah, after my latest support experience, where I had to write back and forth for a week before someone even acknowledged my issue, I'll pass on support except for the most vital problems.
Yes it is. it used to work great for me, and now it does not. The Question is, why? that's what I do now, too, but I would like to get the smart filing back.
For years, webclipper has been impressively accurate in choosing the right notebook when I clip a webpage, even though most of my notes are in german. For a while now (2 weeks? a month?), it doesn't. It wants to send almost every clip, no matter the topic, to a notebook with content of a very specific topic, that is theoretically archived (has not had a new note since 2016). Content is not related at all to the new clips. I changed the option to using the default notebook for now, but I would like to have my intelligent sorting back.
Evernote gmail IFTTT or similar setup
chronistin replied to Veekdeveek's topic in Evernote Integrations
That is interesting, I had this scenario running a while ago via ifttt, but now, gmail doesn't turn up as a trigger. I wonder what changed? As has been said, Zapier can do that.
Can't Take it Any Longer - Migrate Out of Evernote
chronistin replied to MRWConnected's topic in Evernote General Discussions
No, you haven't, you just repeated over and over again that you'd like things to be different. But don't bother, your arrogant know-it-all attitude makes you the first name on my ignore list in this forum.
That's exactly what I don't understand. If an app does not do what I need it to do, and developers have made it clear that this will not change in the future, I'll go and use a different app. Not complain about it for a decade. It's not like there are no apps out there that do it exactly the way you want. Repeating the same thing over and over again won't get you anywhere - EN is not a democracy, it's a privately owned company, and that means the software will be developed as the owners decide.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3033
|
__label__wiki
| 0.922426
| 0.922426
|
Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLinks℠ – michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com: Merkel’s party chooses new leader ahead of German election
BERLIN (AP) — Chancellor Angela Merkel’s center-right party is choosing a new leader this weekend, a decision that will help shape German voters’ choice of a successor to Merkel at the helm of the European Union’s biggest economy after her 16-year reign.
Merkel, now 66, has steered Germany, and Europe, through a series of crises since she took office in 2005. But she said over two years ago that she won’t seek a fifth term as chancellor.
Now her Christian Democratic Union party is seeking its second new leader since she quit that role in 2018. That person will either run for chancellor in Germany’s Sept. 26 election or have a big say in who does run.
Current leader Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer announced her resignation last February after failing to impose her authority on the party. A decision on her successor was delayed repeatedly by the coronavirus pandemic. Eventually, the CDU decided to hold an online convention this weekend.
Delegates from Germany’s strongest party can choose Saturday between three main candidates who differ markedly, at least in style. There’s no clear favorite.
Friedrich Merz, 65, would mark a break from the Merkel era. The party has dominated the center ground, ending military conscription, enabling if not embracing same-sex marriage, and allowing in large numbers of migrants, among other things.
He has a more traditionally conservative and pro-business image, and recently wrote in Der Spiegel magazine that “the CDU must, whether it wants to or not, step out from the shadow of Angela Merkel.”
Merz has said he wants to give a “political home” to disillusioned conservatives, but won’t move “one millimeter” toward the far-right Alternative for Germany party.
This is Merz’s second bid for the party leadership after he lost narrowly last time to Kramp-Karrenbauer, considered Merkel’s preferred candidate. He led the center-right group in parliament from 2000 to 2002, when Merkel pushed him out of that job, and left parliament in 2009 — later practicing as a lawyer and heading the supervisory board of investment manager BlackRock’s German branch.
Merz has sought to portray his decade out of politics as a strength but lacks government experience. Armin Laschet, the governor of Germany’s most populous state, North Rhine-Westphalia, offers that.
Laschet, 59, is a more liberal figure, elected as governor in 2017 in a traditionally center-left stronghold, and viewed as likely to continue Merkel’s centrist approach. In a debate among the candidates last week, he said: “What I bring is government experience, the leadership of a big state, balancing different interests and — this perhaps doesn’t hurt for a CDU leader — having won an election.”
The third contender, Norbert Roettgen, lost the 2012 state election in North Rhine-Westphalia. Merkel subsequently fired him as Germany’s environment minister. Roettgen, 55, says he has learned from that experience. He has proclaims himself a candidate for the “modern center” who emphasizes issues such as fighting climate change.
Roettgen, now chairman of parliament’s foreign affairs committee, was long considered the outsider but surveys have showed him gaining ground among CDU supporters. He suggested last week he would be a palatable alternative to backers of both Merz and Laschet.
“I am not in one camp,” he said. “I stand for everyone, and I think those who don’t vote for me will be able to live with me and will accept me if I am elected.”
Laschet is the only candidate who had to make big decisions in the coronavirus pandemic. That’s both a strength and a weakness: it has raised his profile, but he has garnered mixed reviews, notably as a vocal advocate of loosening restrictions after the pandemic’s first phase.
The CDU as a whole has benefited from the coronavirus crisis, taking a strong poll lead into an unusually uncertain election year thanks to good reviews for Merkel’s pandemic leadership. Whether any of these candidates could take those ratings through to the election is uncertain. Saturday’s decision won’t be the final word on the center-right candidate for chancellor.
That’s partly because the CDU is part of the Union bloc, which also includes its sister party, the Bavaria-only Christian Social Union. The two parties will decide together who runs for Merkel’s job, though no timetable has been set.
CSU leader Markus Soeder is himself considered a potential candidate. The Bavarian governor has gained in stature during the pandemic as a strong advocate of tough restrictions to curb the coronavirus, and his poll ratings outstrip those of the CDU candidates.
And some consider Health Minister Jens Spahn, who is running to become the CDU’s deputy leader under Laschet, a possible contender.
Whoever runs will face Finance Minister Olaf Scholz, the candidate of the struggling center-left Social Democrats, currently Merkel’s junior coalition partner as well as a candidate from the environmentalist Greens, who plan to make their first run for the chancellery.
The CDU leader will be chosen by 1,001 delegates. If no candidate wins a majority, there will be a runoff. Under German law, the online result has to be confirmed by a postal ballot, whose results are expected Jan. 22.
The plan is that only Saturday’s winning candidate will be on that ballot.
Unity “is the top priority for everyone,” outgoing leader Kramp-Karrenbauer told the dpa news agency. “And it is also my big request to the party.”
The post Merkel’s party chooses new leader ahead of German election first appeared on Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLinks℠ – michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com.
Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLinks℠ – michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com
← The News And Times: McConnell says he’ll consider convicting Trump in Senate trial – Shared Links – Audio Posts – 5:34 AM 1/14/2021 → Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLinks℠ – michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com: US Capitol insurrection: Questions swirl around possible ‘insider’ help
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3034
|
__label__wiki
| 0.662157
| 0.662157
|
Trending CryptoCoins
HashFlare – Cloud Mining
Genesis Cloud Mining Review
Giga Watt – Mining solution review
Make Cryptocurrencies
Free Crypto Guide
Complete Crypto Guide
The Art of Making Bitcoin & CryptoCurrency
Crypto Trends
IBM Launches Blockchain Platform on Cloud Service in Melbourne
February 12, 2019 coinmakerCrypto Trends
IBM’s blockchain platform is now available out of its data center in Melbourne, Australia.
IBM has released its blockchain main net out of its data center located in Melbourne, Australia. This will purportedly allow their customers to run their applications on the company’s cloud, according to an article published on news outlet ZDNet on Feb 11.
The IBM platform was built on Hyperledger Fabric. Hyperledger is a project that aims to improve cross-industry blockchain technologies that is hosted by the Linux Foundation.
A Sydney-based IBM data center is reportedly set to open at the end of March, joining the other centers in Tokyo, London, Dallas, São Paulo, and Toronto. The head of blockchain for IBM in Australia and New Zealand, Rupert Colchester, told ZDNet that a second center would make the technology more widely available and provide a redundancy.
Additionally, with the establishment of physical infrastructure, customer data will not have to cross borders, and would provide security for regulated applications in government and financial services. Colchester said, “Customers who are deploying blockchain applications have reached a maturity of projects that requires the data to be stored in Australia.”
Colchester added that blockchain technology is widely applied and is “pretty much active” across all industries in Australia. He said, “I do very few education sessions nowadays, but there is a lot of discussion whereby clients are trying to understand how best they can apply it to the business problems they have.”
In September of last year, Australian real estate major Vicinity announced it will trial a blockchain solution for its energy network. Through a partnership with Australian energy tech company Power Ledger, the trial became a part of Vicinity’s $75 million solar energy program in Castle Plaza — a mall located in Adelaide, South Australia.
IBM has been actively expanding its use of blockchain technology. On Jan 31, IBM completed a blockchain-based trial in which it shipped 108,000 mandarin oranges from China to Singapore. The technology purportedly reduced paperwork handling and costs for the shipment,
On Feb. 8, IBM announced that a project using blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) to combat drought in the United States state of California is underway. IBM Research and sensor tech provider SweetSense partnered with the University of Colorado Boulder and the non-profit Freshwater Trust to use blockchain and IoT to manage the use of groundwater.
Crypto Feud: TRON Founder Takes Shots at Ethereum Creator’s Twitter Follower Count
Ethereum Price Analysis: ETH Could Extend Consolidation Above $114
PRESS RELEASE. UAE-based crypto exchange Aladdin opens its platform for pre-registered users.…
Mizuho Securities analyst Don Dolev has forecast that Paypal will earn up…
Dot, the native token of the Polkadot network, has flipped XRP to…
Indian police have seized $1.2 million in bitcoin from a hacker who…
Russia is now holding more gold than U.S. dollars in its reserves…
Crypto Flash News
Crypto Related
Verge currency News
Complet Guide to Make Bitcoin
Buy and Sell Cryptocurrencies
Trending Coins
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3036
|
__label__wiki
| 0.51347
| 0.51347
|
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20130148
Evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in São Paulo State-Brazil and future challenges Evolução do diagnóstico das meningites bacterianas no Estado de São Paulo-Brasil e os futuros desafios Maristela Marques Salgado, Maria Gisele Gonçalves, Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa, Fábio Takenori Higa, Juliana Thalita Paulino, Cláudio Tavares Sacchi
Abstract Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common cases of BM around the world, mainly in Brazil, have been caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for BM confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Immunological methods present low sensitivity and have possibility of cross-reactions. Real time PCR (qPCR) is a molecular technique and has been successful used for BM diagnosis at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 2007. The incorporation of qPCR in the Public Health surveillance routine in our state resulted in diminishing 50% of undetermined BM cases. Our efforts are focused on qPCR implementation in the BM diagnostic routine throughout Brazil.
Keywords: Bacterial meningitis, molecular diagnosis, real time PCR. Resumo A meningite bacteriana (MB) é uma doença grave e ainda representa um sério problema de saúde pública, com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Os casos mais comuns de MB em todo o mundo, principalmente no Brasil, tem sido causados por Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. Cultura bacteriana é a técnica padrão-ouro para a confirmação de MB, mas cerca de 50% dos casos suspeitos não são confirmados por cultura, devido a problemas relacionados ao transporte inadequado e semeadura ou antibioticoterapia prévia. Métodos imunológicos apresentam baixa sensibilidade e têm possibilidade de reações cruzadas. PCR em tempo real (qPCR) é uma técnica molecular e tem sido utilizada com êxito para o diagnóstico de MB no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, em São Paulo, Brasil, desde 2007. A incorporação da qPCR na rotina de vigilância em Saúde Pública em nosso estado resultou na diminuição de 50% dos casos de MB indeterminadas. Nossos esforços estão focados na implementação da qPCR na rotina diagnóstica de MB em todo o Brasil.
Palavras-Chave: Meningite bacteriana, diagnóstico molecular, PCR em tempo real.
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still re presents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality1. Since 1980´s, the most common cases of BM in the United States, Europe and many other developed countries have been caused by Neisseria menin gitidis (Nm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), group B Streptococcus, and Listeria monocytogenes2. In Brazil the main pathogens involved in BM are Nm, Spn and Hib, which are responsible for approximately 90% of all BM cases3. Other bacteria can also cause BM with a lower frequency when compared with Nm and Spn, but with high lethality, as Staphylococcus aureus (Sa)4. In our laboratory at Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) we detect 1,3% of positivity due
to Sa among 1214 analyzed cases, demonstrating that these bacterial specie does not show a high frequency in patients attended by the IAL5. After the introduction of the Hib vaccine in the Brazilian official calendar in 1999 there was more than 90% reduction in number of meningitis cases by this agent. Reinforcing this fact, IAL laboratory data show that the national percentage of isolation of Hib strains decreased 88% after the introduction of Hib vaccine in Brazil3,6. Additionally, there was a reduction in the number of Hib isolates in the post-vaccination (20002008) compared to the pre-vaccination (1990-1999) period, i.e., 98% of the Hi strains serotyped by IAL during pre-vaccine period were serotype b while only 59% were Hib in the postvaccine. Furthermore, there was an increase from 1% to 19%
Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo SP, Brasil. Correspondence: Maristela Marques Salgado, MSc; Instituto Adolfo Lutz; Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355 / 11º andar; 01246-902 Cerqueira César São Paulo SP - Brasil; E-mail: [email protected]
isolation of other Hi serotypes and from 2% to 22% of Hi non-typeable (Hi-nt)7. In Brazil, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine was introduced since March 2010. According to PORTAL DA SAÚDE (2013)8, after the inclusion of pneumococcal 10-valent conjugate vaccine on the Brazilian official vaccination calendar, in 2011, there was a 30% reduction in the number of cases of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than two years-old. After the introduction of the conjugated meningococcal vaccine against serogroup C in the Brazilian official calendar, the number of cases of meningococcal disease among children below two years decreased 29%8. These data demonstrate the importance of proper diagnosis and surveillance in the post-vaccine era, in order to observe the real impact of the vaccine, the changing epidemio logy of circulating strains and vaccine failures. Here we review the current status of BM diagnosis in Brazil and the future challenges to introduce the molecular diagnosis throughout the Brazil. Laboratorial diagnosis The laboratory diagnosis of BM is accomplished through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and petechial lesions scraping. The main tests for the confirmation of suspected cases, in Brazil, are: • CSF chemocytological examination; • CSF direct bacterioscopy; • culture (CSF, blood, or petechiae); • counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CSF and serum); • latex agglutination (CSF and serum); • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The appearance of the CSF acts as an indicator. The normal CSF should be clear and colorless, like “rock water”. In infectious processes, there is an increase of formed elements (cells), causing a cloudy appearance, whose intensity varies with the amount and type of these elements9. 1. CSF chemocytological examination The test allows for the cell count and serum levels of glucose and protein in CSF, revealing the intensity of the infection process. The test only guides the clinical suspicion, but should not be used for diagnostic conclusion, because its low specificity9. 2. CSF direct bacterioscopy The Gram stain technique allows characterizing bacteria presence in the CSF sample based on its morphology and coloring, but with a low degree of specificity. The technique can be performed on CSF and other normally sterile body fluids, and material collected from petechial scraping. The chemocytological and bacterioscopy examination must be conducted in the shortest possible time in order to avoid cell and bacterial deterioration9.
3. Latex agglutination test (CSF and serum) The test uses latex particles sensitized with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies specific for a particular antigen, and can be performed in CSF, serum and other biological fluids. Agglutinated latex particles form agglomerates in the pre sence of soluble antigen released from bacteria, visible to the naked eye10. The sensitivity of latex agglutination test is from 90% to Hi, 94.4% for Spn, and 80% for Nm and specificity of the assay is 97%9. 4. Culture (CSF, blood, or petechiae) Culture has a high degree of specificity in relation to identification of the etiologic agent and can be performed with various types of body fluids, most commonly the CSF and blood11. The isolation of the etiologic agent by culture is essential for epidemiological surveillance, being considered “gold standard”, and allows the final characterization of the agent (antigenic, genetic, and antimicrobial resistance)12. However, approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Molecular diagnosis can be useful in situations where the antibiotic treatment has been initiated, because it does not require a viable organism to confirm the diagnosis13,14. 5. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CSF and serum) Widely used in Brazil, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was standardized in the 1970s, for serogroups A, B and C of Nm by IAL due to the occurrence of two major epidemics of meningococcal disease in our country. In the 1980s, the Nm W135 and Hib components were added to technique and since then, this methodology has been employed in the routine diagnosis of BM in the entire network of IAL laboratories (Central and Regional laboratories) and in 20 of 27 Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN) of Brazil. CIE is a technique for indirect laboratorial diagnosis of meningitis caused by Nm of serogroups A, B, C, W135 or Hib and is based on the detection of antigens involving the polysaccharide capsule of the bacterium present in the clinical sample by using hyperimmune antisera produced in horses or sheeps. Since this technique employs polyclonal antisera, the possibility of the occurrence of cross-reactivity exists if there is antigenic similarity between capsular polysaccharides of different bacterial species. Specifically, it has been known that the capsular polysaccharide of Hib is immunochemically similar to other encapsulated bacteria, including Spn of serotype six15. Fukasawa et al. (2010)16 investigated 46 cases with CIE positive results for Hib. The main goal was to determine the ratio of Hib false positive results by CIE in CSF and sera samples. For comparisons, we used real time PCR method, latex agglutination test and culture when avai lable. Among the 46 CIE Hib positive samples, 26 (57%) were
Maristela Marques Salgado et al. Bacterial meningitis in São Paulo
false positive: 21 (46%) samples were Spn positives and the remaining 5 (11%) samples were negatives for Spn and Hib by both latex and qPCR methods. These results showed a high percentage of false positive results by CIE regarding Hib detection in CSF and sera samples. In recent work Fukasawa et al. (2012)17 validated the CIE for meningitis caused by Nm serogroups A, B, C and W135 using CSF and serum samples from 236 patients with suspected bacterial meningitis in the cities of São Paulo and Campinas and demonstrated that this technique had a sensitivity of 62.7% and specificity of 88.9% in CSF specimens and sensitivity and specificity of 35.3% and 90.9% in sera, respectively. They didn’t calculate these para meters for the Hib component, due to the unavailability of a significant number of samples with positive culture for this bacterium. These results showed that the CIE assay, although having relatively high specificity, showed low sensitivity, especially in serum samples, indicating that CIE is not recommended as the only diagnostic test for bacterial meningitis. 6. Real time PCR (qPCR) Due to growing need for more rapid diagnostic methods, the use of DNA approach in diagnostic practices quickly has led the development for new formats of PCR, among which we highlight the real-time PCR (qPCR), which is a modification of the conventional PCR that identifies the target DNA with higher sensitivity and specificity and lower reaction time. The main difference between the two methods is the fact that the amplification and detection are performed simultaneously in a closed system, thereby reducing the risk of contamination. In addition to the primers, the system includes a third oligonucleotide in the reaction, known as probe, increasing specificity. Among the types of probes available, the most commonly used are the TaqMan® linear hydrolysis probes18,19. Since last decade many researchers have been publishing about molecular diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using qPCR in different assay formats, all with excellent performance in detecting DNA from different pathogens20-25. The traditional microbiological methods, such as the Gram stain or latex agglutination are available for the detection of some agents; however they are not enough sensitive to detect them in small concentrations, a fact usually found in clinical samples from patients undergoing antibiotic therapy13. In recent years, PCR has been widely applied in the laboratory procedures and considered the method of choice in the diagnosis and molecular characterization of various bacterial agents. The technique allows the analysis of a larger number of pathogens in a more rapid, precise and safer way, independent on the patient’s immune response. The biggest advantage of this methodology in relation to culture is the reduction in releasing time of the results and the detection of microorga nisms without prior cultivation. Moreover, the PCR has higher sensitivity and specificity when compared to culture13,14.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2013;71(9-B):672-676
In order to improve the epidemiological surveillance of notifiable diseases in Brazil, in 2004, the Ministry of Health established a Sentinel Hospital Surveillance Subsystem. In São Paulo the Network Sentinel of the Epidemiological Surveillance Program for Meningococcal Disease and Me ningitis caused by Nm, Spn and Hi included 13 hospitals. Among other objectives, this Program proposed the improvement of laboratory diagnosis of this disease by implementing the qPCR methodology24. Corless et al. (2001)20 implemented in diagnostic routine in public health laboratories of England, a qPCR Triplex format, for simultaneous detection of Nm, Spn and Hi from clinical samples of CSF, plasma, serum, and whole blood, with an estimated sensitivity of 90% employing targeted ctrA gene, responsible for transporting the Nm capsule, ply gene, responsible for Spn pneumolysin production, and bexA gene, responsible for the Hi capsular expression. Following this model Sacchi et al. (2011)24 evaluated, validated and introduced a TaqMan® qPCR Triplex format in the BM diagnosis routine at Instituto Adolfo Lutz with a modification, i.e., replacement of the ply gene to lytA, which encodes the Spn autolysin, to increase the reaction specificity for Spn. Although Streptococcus viridans also have the ply gene, this agent is usually found in samples collected from non-sterile sites, such as respiratory secretions, which does not comprise the type of sampling for research/diagnosis of meningitis22. In this Program, the use of qPCR for simultaneous detection of DNA of the three major pathogens causing BM, showed a significant increase of Nm, Spn and Hi detection in 85%, 52% and 20%, respectively, and consequent reduction on indeterminate meningitis cases24. Figure 1 shows percentage distribution of BM in Sao Paulo State, from 1998 to 2013, according to etiology. We can observe decreasing numbers of undetermined etiology BM after implementation of the Sentinel Program, from about 50% before 2007 to 25% after this period. After incorporation of triplex qPCR into IAL BM diagnostic routine based on ctrA, lytA and bexA genes, a new target to detect Hi cases belonging to any of the six serotypes (a, b, c, d, e, f ), including Hi-nt, has been proposed by Wang et al. (2011; 2012)26,27. The new target hpd gene, is res ponsible for the Hi protein D synthesis. The replacement of the target gene bexA by hpd resulted in an assay with grea ter sensitivity for Hi detection, because bexA gene has limi ted detection to capsule strains of 4 serotypes (a, b, c, d)20. We tested the new “modified triplex” format assay (with the hpd gene) in 1619 clinical samples of CSF and/or blood from patients suspicious of BM in the city of São Paulo and were detected 13 additional Hi cases. Of these 13 additional ca ses, 12 were Hi-nt and one of the “f ” serotype. There was no change in the sensitivity to detect positive samples for Nm or Spn28.
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS: PERCENTUAL DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO ETIOLOGY SÃO PAULO STATE - 1998 TO 2013 Undetermined bacterial meningitis
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
~25%
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fonte: SINAN / D.D.T.R. / CVE - ATUALIZAÇÃO EM 20/05/2013. http://www.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/htm/resp/meni_grafico.htm
Sentinel Program – Improvements in professional training and introduction of qPCR
Figure 1. Percentual distribution of bacterial meningitis in São Paulo State-Brazil, according etiology, from 1998 to 2013. (source: Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo State, Brazil – www.cve.saude.sp.gov.br).
The qPCR assay is also able to identify the Nm genogroups and Hi genotypes. The method relies on the detection of specific genes related to the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide responsible for different groups and types of Nm and Hi, respectively, and used in previously positive samples for each agent21,23,24,27. Future challenges IAL is a National Reference Laboratory for BM in Brazil and is responsible for surveillance and constantly improving diagnosis of this severe disease. Based on our encouraging results, the Coordenadoria Geral de Laboratórios (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde – CGLAB/ SVS/MS) decided to introduce the qPCR for BM diagnosis to all Brazilian states. Among the goals launched in 2011 by the CGLAB/SVS/MS is to increase to 59% the percentage of BM cases confirmed by specific laboratory diagnosis (culture, latex agglutination test, CIE, and qPCR) until 2015 in
our country. Nowadays, this percentage is 51%. Among the essential steps for achieving this goal is the decentralization of qPCR for all State Central Laboratories (LACEN). In this context, training of professionals to work on this technique is the priority. Today, the BM diagnosis by qPCR is performed in two IAL-Regional Laboratories in São Paulo State, and in four Brazilian States. Professionals from 11 other States were recently trained by IAL in this technique and they are going to implement the diagnosis in their home state. Final considerations BM diagnosis by qPCR in São Paulo State, Brazil, is a rea lity, and it has been used to elucidate undetermined BM ca ses, giving support to surveillance actions in São Paulo and, in some situations, to other Brazilian states. Based on fast results and high sensibility/specificity, the qPCR is a valuable tool for BM diagnosis in combination with microbiological methods.
References 1.
Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010;23:467-492.
Bottomley MJ, Serruto D, Sáfadi MAP, Klugman KP. Future challenges in the elimination of bacterial meningitis. Vaccine 2012;30S:B78-B86.
Carvalhanas TRMP, Brandileone MCC, Zanella RC. Meningites bacterianas. Bol Epidemiol Paulista (BEPA) 2005;2:1-13.
Aguilar J, Urday-Cornejo V, Donabedian S, Perry M, Tibbetts R, Zervos M. Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. Case series and literature review. Medicine 2010;89:117-125.
Oliveira PL, Fukasawa LO, Salgado MM, et al. Uso da técnica de PCR em tempo real no diagnóstico etiológico das meningites bacterianas associadas ao Staphylococcus aureus. Bol Epidemiol Paulista BEPA 2012;9:4-11.
Kmetzsch CI, Schermann MT, Santana JCB, et al. Occurrence of Haemophylus influenzae B meningitis after the implementation of a mass vaccination program. J Pediatria 2003;79:530-536.
Zanella RC, Bokermann S, Andrade ALSS, Flannery B, Brandileone MCC. Changes in serotype distribution of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis isolates identified through laboratory-based surveillance
following routine childhood vaccination against H. influenzae type b in Brazil. Vaccine 2011;29:8937-8942. 8.
Portal da Saúde. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde: Glossário Meningites. Available at: Accessed to: 01 jul. 2013.
Guia de vigilância epidemiológica/Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. 7ed. Brasília, cad 12;725-751, 2009.
Djibo S, Lafourcade BMN, Boisier P, et al. Evaluation of the Pastorex® meningitis kit for the rapid identification of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and W135. Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006;100: 573-578.
Manual de instruções, critérios de confirmação e classificação. Centro De Vigilância Epidemiológica Professor Alexandre Vranjac CVE/CCD/SES-SP: Meningites/ Doença meningocócica. São Paulo, 2003. Available at:< ftp://ftp.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/doc_tec/resp/ manu_classmen.pdf >. Accessed to: 18 june 2013. Protocolo Laboratorial. Manuseio e encaminhamento de cepas de Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae e Streptococcus pneumoniae ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo. Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica Professor Alexandre Vranjac CVE/CCD/SES-SP: Meningites/ Doença meningocócica. São Paulo, 2013. Available at: Accessed to: 18 june 2013. BEPA – Boletim Epidemiológico Paulista – Informe Técnico. Introdução da PCR convencional e em tempo real para o diagnóstico laboratorial das meningites bacterianas no Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Bol Epidemiol Paulista BEPA 2007;4:24-29. Teló EP, Machado ABMP, Schmitt VM, Chesky M. Determinação do limite mínimo de detecção da técnica de pcr “semi-nested” para Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae e Streptococcus pneumoniae. RBAC 2007;39:197-200.
(CIE) para o diagnóstico laboratorial das meningites causadas por Neisseria meningitidis sorogrupos, A, B, C e W135. Bol Epidemiol Paulista BEPA 2012;9:13-20. 18.
Marras SAE, Kramer FR, Tyagi S. Efficiencies of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and contact-mediated quenching in oligonucleotide probes. Nucleic Acids Research 2002;30:1-8.
Marras SAE. Interactive Fluorophore and quencher pairs for labeling fluorescent nucleic acid hybridization probes. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 38:247-255.
Corless CE, Guiver M, Borrow R, Edwards-Jones V, Fox AJ, Kaczmarski EB. Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:1553-1558.
Mothershed EA, Sacchi CT, Whitney AM, et al. Use of real-time PCR to resolve slide agglutination discrepancies in serogroup identification of Neisseria meningitidis. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:320–328.
Carvalho MD, Tondella ML, McCaustland K, et al. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR detection assays to lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:2460-2466.
Maaroufi Y, De Bruyne JM, Heymans C, Crokaert F. Real-time PCR for determining capsular serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:2305-2308.
Sacchi CT, Fukasawa LO, Gonçalves MG, et al. and São Paulo RTPCR Surveillance Project Team. Incorporation of Real-Time PCR into routine public health surveillance of culture negative bacterial meningitis in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS ONE 2011;6:1-8.
Favaro M, Savini V, Favalli C, Fontana C. A multi-target real-time PCR assay for rapid identification of meningitis-associated microorganisms. Mol Biotechnol 2013;53:74-79.
Ballard TL, Spangler A, Roe MH, Glode MP. Clinically significant cross-reactions with counterimmunoelectrophoresis between pneumococcus type 6 and Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Clin Microbiol 1985;22:754-756.
Wang X, Mair R, Hatcher C, et al. Detection of bacterial pathogens in Mongolia meningitis surveillance with a new real-time PCR assay to detect Haemophilus influenzae. Int J Med Microbiol 2011;301: 303-309.
Fukasawa LO, Salgado MM, Gonçalves MG, et al. Limitações no uso da técnica de contraimunoeletroforese (CIE) para o diagnóstico das meningites causadas por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. Bol Epidemiol Paulista BEPA 2010;7:4-12.
Wang X, Theodore MJ, Mair R, et al. Clinical validation of multiplex real-time PCR assays for detection of bacterial meningitis pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50:702-708.
Fukasawa LO, Salgado MM, Marques EGL, et al. and Work Group on Bacterial Meningitis. Validação da técnica de contraimunoeletroforese
Salgado MM, Higa FT, Gonçalves MG, et al. Improved Real Time PCR assay for diagnostic and epidemiological surveillance of bacterial meningitis. Bol Epidemiol Paulista BEPA 2012;9:16-20.
Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Acute bacterial meningitis--early diagnosis and complications.
Rapid etiologic diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Bacterial meningitis. Some aspects of diagnosis and treatment.
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and bacterial meningitis.
Bacterial meningitis.
Changes in bacterial meningitis.
Corticosteroids in bacterial meningitis.
Enterobacter Meningitis and Challenges in Treatment.
Adherence to standard of care in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis.
Comparison of culture and PCR methods in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and protein A co-agglutination in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
The Evolution of TMD Diagnosis: Past, Present, Future.
Neonatal Meningitis: Overcoming Challenges in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment with Omics.
Serum antibodies and bacterial meningitis.
Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians.
Acute bacterial meningitis in childhood.
Persistent pleocytosis in bacterial meningitis.
Bacterial meningitis in emergency departments.
Understanding coma in bacterial meningitis.
[Recurrent bacterial meningitis].
Anaerobic bacterial meningitis.
Hypothermia for bacterial meningitis.
Evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in São Paulo State-Brazil and future challenges.
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The mos...
190KB Sizes 0 Downloads 0 Views
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3037
|
__label__wiki
| 0.615939
| 0.615939
|
The U.S. Constitution and the Separation of Powers E-BOOKS/PRINT TITLES SPECIAL COLLECTIONS ONLINE RESOURCES - Online Resources Your cart (0)
Click below to VIEW INSIDE this title:
The U.S. Constitution and the Separation of Powers
Series Titles
Putting the three branches into historical context is important for understanding them, but equally important is illuminating the testing ground for their formation and solidification as current rules and regulations. Governments are fluid entities, and even written documents can be amended and changed out of careful consideration, observation, and sometimes necessity. More closely than the rest of the books in this series, this text shines a light on previous, documented changes to the written record underpinning the U.S. government, the U.S. Constitution, and how they came to be made.
Series: Checks and Balances in the U.S. Government
Interest Level: Grades 7-12
Guided Reading Level: Z
Lexile Level: 1390
ISBN: 9781538301739 (Print) 9781538301753 (E-book)
Copyright: ©2019
The Legislative Branch: Making Laws
The Judicial Branch: Evaluating and Interpreting Laws
The Executive Branch: Carrying Out and Enforcing Laws
*E-book price, single use is for one user.
**E-book price, unlimited use is for a single school or library building.
Print (Hardcover) - $37.40 E-book (single use*) - $37.40 E-book (unlimited use**) - $74.80
To order additional copies of this title for more than one school or library building, call 800-621-3900 or send an e-mail to contact@eb.com for assistance.
The U.S. Constitution and the Separation of Powers Terms of Use Contact Us Privacy Policy your cart (0)
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3046
|
__label__cc
| 0.591978
| 0.408022
|
PHP 5.7 New Features - Lately in PHP podcast episode 51
PHP Classes blog PHP 5.7 New Features ... Post a comment See comments (4) Trackbacks (0)
366. New PHP Innovation Award Sponsors and Prizes for 2019
366. Participate in the Lately in PHP podcast in Video with Google Hangouts
366. Notable PHP package: PHP Migrate Database
366. Security vulnerabilities, site tips and PHP-Con US conference
366. PHP and JavaScript Innovation Award Report October 2016 Edition - July 2016 nominees
>> Next: PHP Developer working...
<< Previous: PHP and JavaScript In...
Viewers: 148
Last month viewers: 1
Categories: Lately in PHP Podcast, PHP opinions
Now that PHP 5.6 was finally released, PHP 5.7 is already being planned as a release to happen before PHP 7.
The new features planned for PHP 5.7 was one of the main topics covered by Manuel Lemos and Arturs Sosins in the episode 51 of the Lately in PHP podcast. They also did an extensive review the new features of PHP 5.6.
Now listen to the podcast, or watch the hangout video, or read the transcript to learn more about these PHP release features.
PHP Releases 5.4.32 and PHP 5.5.16 (1:56)
PHP 5.6.0 Launch and New Features Review (3:59)
PHP 5.7 New Feature Plans (26:20)
JavaScript Innovation Award Winners of June 2014 (39:28)
JavaScript Innovation Award Ranking of 2014 (46:00)
PHP Innovation Award Winners of June 2014 (47:44)
PHP Innovation Award Ranking of 2014 (54:51)
Conclusion (57:10)
Listen or download the podcast, RSS feed and subscribe in iTunes
Watch the podcast video, subscribe to the podcast YouTube channel
Read the podcast transcript
Click on the Play button to listen now.
Download Size: 50MB Listeners: 1947
Introduction music Harbour used with explicit permission from the author Danilo Ercole, from Curitiba, Brazil
In iTunes, use the Subscribe to Podcast... item of the Advanced menu, and then enter the URL above to subscribe to this podcast.
Watch the podcast video
Note that the timestamps below in the transcript may not match the same positions in the video because they were based on the audio timestamps and the audio was compacted to truncate silence periods.
See the Lately in PHP podcast play list on YouTube and Subscribe to this channel there.
PHP 5.4.32 and 5.5.16, PHP 5.6.0 released
PHP 5.7 Release plans
RFC: intdiv()
RFC: Closure Apply
RFC: Function Dereferencing
RFC: Disallowing Multiple default switch cases
Manuel Lemos: Hello. Welcome to the Lately in PHP podcast hangout episode 51. This time, again, I have here with me, Arturs Sosins from Latvia.
Hello, Arturs. How are you doing?
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, hello. As you see, I have already made myself recognizable by the lower third, the one we used to not have.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah.
Arturs Sosins: You're famous by yourself. You don't need one, right?
Manuel Lemos: I don't know. My mother used to say that she knew me.
Arturs Sosins: At least somebody does.
Manuel Lemos: Yes, at least in my street, my mother knew me.
Of course, I do not need to say that I am Manuel Lemos, creator and developer of the PHPClasses site.
Some people love it; other people hate it. I don't know why because it's such a useful resource, almost 1.3 million registered users.
Last time I said that on Twitter, because somebody say, "Oh, PHPClasses is irrelevant." "Oh, well, maybe you disagree with the other 1.3 million registered users of the site."
And in that same week, a flood of new classes was submitted. I don't know if it was because of that post. I don't think many people followed the stupid arguments that go on Twitter. But well, at least something positive simply came out of that, if that was really the case.
Manuel Lemos: Anyway, not to talk specifically about PHP Classes, but PHP matters in general. So we are going to start precisely with the latest releases starting from the latest 5.4 release, which is basically just a bunch of bugs being fixed as usual, like the latest releases.
According to the plans, this will be probably one of the last releases of the PHP 5.4, because after that, it will only get security fixes.
So if there are any bugs that are not about security, the fixes will not make it to this version. So, they will make it only into 5.5, because it still have probably one year more of lifetime, in terms of development, bug fixes and maybe other minor things. I don't think it will also get any new features being added or changed.
And talking about PHP 5.5, there was the 5.5.16. I did not mention but the 5.4 release was 5.4.32. Basically, the same bugs were fixed, probably just minor differences that I did not even notice which one those could be. But this is just their regular monthly update of these versions.
Manuel Lemos: What was really, really new this month was the - actually not new, but something expected - it was the 5.6 release that was finally launched. I think it was in August 28th.
Well, maybe you can review some of these features. Now, that is official, I think that is when it will start getting real usage, because until now we have been looking at beta and release candidate versions. Now that it's final, people will start considering using it. So let's take a look at these features.
Let's start from this list, beginning with constant scalar expressions. It's like now you can't define a constant based on values of another constant.
Arturs Sosins: I actually did not know what it was not possible.
Arturs Sosins: That means I had never needed a situation to use it. OK, yeah, it's good to know it's possible now.
Manuel Lemos: In reality, I think it was possible, but not with this syntax. If you use the define syntax, you could use define equals to something. But I think define cannot, I'm not sure if define, I think define is just for strings or not. I'm not sure. No, I think define also can define integers.
Arturs Sosins: The good thing, that we can forget about it and start using PHP 5.6.
Arturs Sosins: Because it's much easier.
Manuel Lemos: Well, I don't know. What I meant is that traditionally, I would not use this way of defining constants. I use define, so I was not even aware we could define global constants. I thought it was more like inside of classes. But well, we are always learning more about PHP.
Anyway, what matters is that you can have expressions and this way, you can use that common example, for instance, if you want to define the number of seconds in a day, instead of doing the calculations separately, you can just put there it's 24 * 60 * 60. So, you can multiply the number of hours by minutes and seconds of the day and you would define a constant that way.
It's probably more efficient in the lower level. Maybe it will not make a big difference in performance. I mean a difference that you notice, but it will be more efficient.
So this is one of the new features. Another feature is the variadic functions using the (...) ellipsis here. So, if you have a function that can take a variable number of arguments, you can define the part that is variable, because you can still have a constant number, a minimal arguments and then have a variable part.
The variable part, it can be sent to an array and you can actually look into that as a variable, and use the regular array functions to traverse the array to count the number of elements. I think this is probably nicer than using the function func_get_args().
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, previous, if you need to implement a variable function with multiple unknown amount of parameters, it was kind of messy.
Manuel Lemos: So just keep one line of code and you'll be much happier now, because before you could say $params=func_get_args() and do the same as it is proposed now. But now, it's nicer.
Arturs Sosins: As you see now, you can have a couple of predefined variables and then pass the rest of the arguments.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, that's true. It is not exactly the same thing because the func_get_args() will get all the arguments, not just the variable part.
Other than that, we have exponentiation...
Arturs Sosins: No, there is also an unpacking with the same operator. Basically, we can pass a...
Manuel Lemos: Sorry, right. I was considering it to be the same feature.
Arturs Sosins: It's the same important feature.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, that is a nice feature, although I have to figure use case, I would use it. But well, OK, you can unpack an array and shove it into a function that takes a variable number of arguments or something like that.
Arturs Sosins: There was a list or something like that could I think... I don't remember. I haven't coded in PHP for awhile.
Arturs Sosins: OK, it seems to be easier to do it this way. But there could be instances when you want to pass whole array, and leave the function that you are using is not yours to define, you can define it to accept arrays, accept arguments. So yeah, it's better to unpack than...
Manuel Lemos: Yeah. You've been using too much Lua and you don't remember it correctly.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, but it Lua, unpacking is very important because there are lots of operation stages.
Manuel Lemos: Oh, they also have unpacking in Lua?
Arturs Sosins: Sure, why not? Of course.
Manuel Lemos: So, it's only PHP did not have that feature, because it says here that these things, you also have in Ruby.
Arturs Sosins: Maybe.
Manuel Lemos: But too bad, nobody uses Ruby except for those 3 developers there in the corner.
Manuel Lemos: OK, anyway, moving on, the next feature to comment is a exponentiation via **. There is not much to say except that now, there is this operator that you can...
Arturs Sosins: And previously, I think there was a pow () function, right?
Manuel Lemos: Yes, power. It will be the same thing. Except that now, it will look nicer because you don't need to call a function. I don't know why they use the **. Probably they could use exponentiation, but I think that there's a different meaning, probably.
I mean, the circumflex accent. But I think if I'm not mistaken that's... I don't know if it is in PHP or I am confused that operator is to XOR operation or something.
Well, anyway, we are talking about PHP and what matters here is the way it is done in PHP. Now, you can have this operator and you can also have the shorthand assignment operator, like assign it if you want to...
Arturs Sosins: This is a basic arithmetic operator, basically.
Manuel Lemos: Yes. Like you can use this syntax to raise a variable to a given power number, which would be the right hand side of the shorthand assignment here.
OK, other than that, then we can now use the 'use' operator to specify namespaces from where you'll be using certain functions or certain names or certain constants.
Arturs Sosins: Basically, that 'use' operator is already in PHP, but now, we can also define the functions and constants, probably constants related to the above feature that constants will upgrade it. Now, we can use them with the namespace.
Manuel Lemos: So, if you use multiple namespaces, now, you can specify from which namespace you can use functions or variables or constants.
So, this probably will help solving some ambiguity that could happen in case different namespaces define different symbols and functions.
Arturs Sosins: Not only that, it is also shorter to write. If you're using its function, it's a lot better to define it shorthanded.
Manuel Lemos: Yes, that's true. Eventually, it will be easier to type these things. But what matters is that the answer is 42.
Arturs Sosins: It always is.
Manuel Lemos: And then, I want to check, just because you talked about it, I want to check the test from Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy.
Arturs Sosins: I don't remember why it was actually, but yeah, it's very popular.
Manuel Lemos: But there's a thing in the Internet called Google, you type 42 and it shows videos of the movie and things like that.
So, as you may see, the constant Foo is 42.
Manuel Lemos: Next, there is this new interactive debugger called phpdbg, which is implemented as a SAPI module. And a SAPI module means that it is a sort of an extension.
There are many SAPI modules. There are SAPI modules to integrate PHP with Apache, with CGI, FastCGI, CLI, which means it's the command line.
This phpdbg debugger is implemented as a new SAPI. I did not try it so I may not be correct, but from what I got, you start it from the command line just like the CLI and you get an interactive debugger.
I don't use debugger from the command line. Either they are integrated in the IDE...
Arturs Sosins: You mean editor?
Manuel Lemos: An editor, exactly. Now you got it right, it's an editor. Or I don't use them because it's too complicated and you have to guess the syntax of the command line. Although I use the command line all the time for other things...
Arturs Sosins: There was also that debugger... how was it called, Xdebug... that simply output in the HTML all the information that ever happens, something like that. So you can trace the problem. That was also useful.
Manuel Lemos: But in that case I think it was an extension of PHP. In this case, it is something well integrated as a SAPI module.
Arturs Sosins: Usually, I think my first really interactive for advanced debugger for PHP I tried to use was the first prize I ever won in PHP Innovation Awards, was an add-on to Visuals Studio that implemented PHP debuggers. So, yeah, it was kind of cool. And I think probably this should be as advanced as that one.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah. But that was a long time ago, when you were young.
Manuel Lemos: Well, anyway, people that would like to debug something and enjoy doing it from the command line, I'm sure they'll appreciate it, to use this.
Although here, there is Remote Debugging support bundled with that Java GUI. I'm not even sure if this is good thing.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, I knew you would say something like that.
Manuel Lemos: It's too many bad things in the same sentence. Well, that's my opinion, of course. Different people have different opinions.
Anyway, now you know there is a new debugger. Talking about the rest of the other new features, we also have mentioned here that the default character set encoding will be taken from default_charset function, I mean, constant defining the configuration.
I think there was some change in PHP 5.4 that they change the default encoding.
Arturs Sosins: To UTF-8?
Manuel Lemos: Yeah. And if you were not assuming UTF-8, you would have to either test some parameters or change the configuration setting.
Arturs Sosins: I don't know which version it was, but yes, it is like that.
Manuel Lemos: I think they now made it more consistent.
Arturs Sosins: You can now define the default_charset, and all the other functions will automatically use it without it passing into it. So if previously, there was a UTF-8 I think everywhere, then now you can change the default and it will...
Manuel Lemos: Yeah. I wonder if you can also change the default_charset at runtime. I mean, the configuration option. I think so, but I did not try it, because I'm not sure if all configuration options can be changed at runtime.
Arturs Sosins: Anyway, you can use ini_set, something like that. But yeah, I don't know, you need to check specific options if you can change them or not.
Manuel Lemos: Right.
And then, there is a mention here that php://input is reusable. This means that for instance, if you are taking HTTP PUT request... or I think even POST... you can read the actual input from this virtual filename. It's not really a filename, and it can do it multiple times in the same script. I'm not sure why this is important but I'm sure why this is important.
Arturs Sosins: Or it leads to the next feature, no?
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, or not. I don't know. Maybe it's related with the large file uploads.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, I think so, at least.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, because when PHP takes an upload first, it takes the whole request. Only then it starts the actual script.
So, maybe, the server is getting the file. Actually, PHP is storing a copy of the file and only then it starts the actual script that takes that upload.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, fortunately, there is no knowing how to implement it, but yeah, that could be a good guess.
Manuel Lemos: I'm not sure if you can actually start the script right away, and before the whole upload ended and then start reading it from php://input. I think you can configure PHP to work that way, but I'm not sure right now.
It's not something that I have to deal on a normal websites, dealing with very large uploads like 2GB or more. It's a very large file now.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah.
Manuel Lemos: It probably won't even be feasible to store it in a database, or at least in a regular database field.
Probably with blob but using the prepared statements, because if you try to insert it in query like we used to do before... for instance MySQL supported native prepared statements... it was very slow because we need to encode the whole file contents and paste it in query. It was very slow.
Arturs Sosins: That makes it safe.
Manuel Lemos: Well, not just safe but for instance, if it's a binary file, probably you have to escape null characters and...
Arturs Sosins: That's what I mean by safe, so it won't basically...
Manuel Lemos: But you would hardly have to do that, because you can insert text value with new characters in the middle. You just have to escape them.
So the problem is not just escaping but if you have a large file, escaping it would take a lot of time and a lot of memory. Because when you actually generate the SQL query, you have to concatenate all the values into a single text query.
Manuel Lemos: And then, it would exceed your PHP memory limits, depending on how large a file it is.
Arturs Sosins: And you would need to upload it again.
Manuel Lemos: No, the best solution is to use prepared statements and for that, you need to use a database API that supports blob.
Arturs Sosins: Like PDO.
Manuel Lemos: No, PDO, it emulates everything. Don't use PDO. For this purpose, PDO is not a good idea because it emulates the prepared statements. So it will do the same. It will paste the file contents in the query.
Arturs Sosins: OK.
Manuel Lemos: And if you use MySQLi extension, I mean the prepared statements, it will actually only pull the contents of the file by the time the query is executed, not when it is prepared. This makes using MySQLi more efficient.
So if you need to deal with large files, use my MySQLi, not PDO. Unless PDO has evolved which I have no recollection, and it supports native prepared statements, which would be a good thing.
Anyway, moving on to the next feature of PHP 5.6, now you can have numbers that have arbitrary and precision. I mean, they are actually represented as strings with an unlimited number of digits so they do not lose precision, and you could perform operations with them. So previously, you would use the GMP extension.
Arturs Sosins: Probably still need it. Still needs the extension.
Manuel Lemos: Yes, you still need the extension, but now, you can assign a variable to a GMP number, and then perform operations...
Arturs Sosins: Basic arithmetic operators...
Manuel Lemos: ...instead of using gmp_add, have you use the + sign and then you have the result. So if you need to use arbitrary precision math, now it got nicer.
And then, there are other features. Probably, we're not going to cover all of them here because they are not so important. But you can check this page on the PHP.net site for more details.
One last feature that I wanted to mention, just because I already got a report, is that SSL and TLS connections used in HTTPS protocol, they now have peer verification enabled by default.
This means that when you try to connect to a server, it verifies if that server says it is what it is, to verify if there is no man-in-the-middle security attack.
The reason why I wanted to mention this is because I have a SMTP class and there is a user that told me that it is issuing warnings because the TLS connections are now enabling peer verification.
And when it connects to Gmail, the server says it is one given IP address. I mean, the server says it is a given name and the class checking for an IP address, something like that.
So, given that, I need to see if either I disable peer verification or change the way it connects to the SMTP server. I'm not sure yet, I did not fully analyze the problem.
So if you are having warnings, difficulties to connect to secure servers in PHP 5.6... I mean, if you're planning to upgrade to PHP 5.6 and you are doing secure connections, you need to make sure that you don't face this problem. And probably consider not upgrading at least until you fix your code with some workaround or something.
Arturs Sosins: Or Manuel would fix this old code and submit an update.
Manuel Lemos: Well, I can fix my code, but I can't fix the whole code of the rest of the PHP community that probably deal with these problems.
Manuel Lemos: So given this, let's move on with other topics. Now that PHP 5.6 was released, there are already plans for eventually 5.7 release.
There is a proposal here from Andrea Faulds. He's been very active submitting patches and proposals for new features.
And it seems he's saying that probably PHP 7 may take more time that we'd like and it would be great to have an intermediate version that would be just merely an upgrade to PHP 5.7. Eventually, it would not have a great backwards incompatibilities.
I don't know, this is something that is going to happen, from what I could understand. Arturs, did you follow this? What do you think will happen?
Arturs Sosins: First, when I read it, the whole message seemed to be like, "Let's create PHP 5.7 to delay release time of the PHP 7 because it needs more time, of course." It is complicated, lots of features in a future version.
But it could also mean interpreting things that way, that while PHP 7 is developed, there will be more new additions and patches coming from other members of the community, and well, we need to put them somewhere.
So, probably it would make sense if there would be a between release to include them, or at least to prepare for the possibility that there would be the release and there would be some new things to put in there.
Sure, I think that's viable and that it will happen. There will be a 5.7 release.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, I think from what I read... sometimes it's very hard to follow the discussions because it's not certain that everybody is agreeing... but from what I understood, it seems that it's generally accepted that there will be an intermediate version before PHP 7. So that will be PHP 5.7.
Regarding that, there seems to be already some proposals that are targeting PHP 5.7. Let me take a look. There were actually two proposals which is to implement...
Arturs Sosins: Integer division.
Manuel Lemos: ... integer division which would be... Well, the original intention is to have an operator which would be %%, which mean that the result of two values with this operation would return the integer division, even if there is a reminder.
So 3 divided by 2 would result in 1, not 1.5, and it will return an integer, not a float number.
This is just to actually implement something that is used quite a lot, but personally, I've been using the intval function to divide 3 by 2 and call the result, pass that result to intval and intval would return just the integer part. It's practically the same thing, except that with this operator, it will be implemented as a built-in function.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, basically one percentage symbol gives you division, two gives you the whole part, the integer part. So, yeah, it makes sense.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, and it says in the proposal here that it would be the same except that if you have large integers with more than 53 bits, the return would be float and you'll lose precision.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, that's if you do the full division and then cast the integer, then probably you'll lose something.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, so I would use intval and they're using cast here, it's the same thing.
Manuel Lemos: So the idea is to make this more accurate for very large numbers. What happens is the fallback proposal is to implement this function called intdiv and that function was approved as proposal, but the actual operator was not approved.
I do not know why but there are many people refusing it. It's probably that they don't like it to add more complexity to the parser. I don't know, sometimes these symbols collide with something else.
OK, so the operator was not approved but the function was approved. So, this was targeting PHP 5.7. I was trying to read where it says that. Or maybe I'm confusing with some other proposal.
Arturs Sosins: Yes, it connects PHP, its earlier version, yeah.
Manuel Lemos: 5... Yes, that's another proposal. I already mentioned the 5.7.
Well anyway, this a proposal for a future version, and since it is already accepted, I think there was a patch that was already merged into master. So it is already available for the next release which we expect to be PHP 5.7.
Next to this proposal, there is another proposal called closure call, which would allow you to, for instance, assign a closure, which is basically a pointer to an anonymous function like you see here. This is an anonymous function because it doesn't have a name. And then, assign it to a variable and then you could call that function, passing any eventual arguments.
The proposal was to implement it like this, with a call. This proposal was already voted and approved. So, well, I don't know...
Arturs Sosins: Basically...
Manuel Lemos: Would it be possible just to put the bracket here. Just call FooBar, brackets () and parameters? Well, I don't know.
Arturs Sosins: I can imagine use cases, but again they might be a little far-fetched. But for example, you have some superclass and then lots of inherited classes that reuse the methods, then you can create anonymous function that would reuse the instances into our own methods and variables, so you can pass any instance of any of these class which has the same functions and variables and use it in anonymous function. Something like that.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, well, I don't know. My question is more regards the syntax. Do you really need to call, use the function 'call'?
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, but you need to pass the parameter somehow. You mean, you could grab the function in parenthesis and add another one and then pass it to the second parenthesis? Basically, yeah, what we do in JavaScript a lot?
Manuel Lemos: Exactly. That's what I meant. That seems to be more obvious.
Arturs Sosins: But also as readable.
Manuel Lemos: Well, I don't know.
Arturs Sosins: Sometimes, it's hard to follow all those parentheses. But this is understandable. It seems that function is treated with an object, and is...
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, but we are smart men. Would just putting a 'call' there is not going to make that much difference in terms of readability, I think.
Arturs Sosins: 'call' was more for consistency, it's probably used somewhere else also. Probably methods or something like that. Now, it's just added to anonymous functions.
Manuel Lemos: I don't know, maybe there's an issue with what I'm suggesting and it's not possible for some reason, or it is something inconvenient.
Anyway, another proposal that is being discussed is about function referencing as closures. This is a bit weird, unless you are C programmer.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, it's a regular PHP developer. For C, it's normal stuff.
Manuel Lemos: Exactly. And C functions have addresses. They are things that exist in memory. So you use the & operator to take the address of the function and then you can call it or pass it as a parameter, as they do it here.
Basically, this referencing function, that you can pass function reference... if I can call it that, that's we call it in C. I don't know if it would make sense for those that do not understand C... but function references as parameters. Maybe this makes sense or not.
Anyway, this is a proposal that is still being discussed. I did not actually follow the discussion but the vote did not yet start. So, they did not yet decide if this is going to be included or not.
I don't know, do you see any good use case for this? I think they are able to take built-in functions, references to built-in functions instead of passing functions by name like a string with a name and then call it, as we used to do since the PHP 2 days.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, I see, Now, we can do it this way. OK, that makes sense, maybe.
Manuel Lemos: I don't know.
Arturs Sosins: Basically, you can reference in any function and then use it as a closure. OK, now, I get it.
Manuel Lemos: Anyway, this is a proposal, still being in discussion, so we don't know.
Finally, there was one proposal that was actually voted unanimously and was accepted, to make defining multiple default cases in a switch a syntax error.
I saw there was a big discussion about this, I'm not sure why, as if this is a big deal that somebody faces every day. How many times are you going to put multiple default cases in your code?
Arturs Sosins: And why?
Manuel Lemos: Exactly. It would certainly be a mistake, but I never caught myself doing that mistake. Not because I'm smart, but because it wouldn't make sense to even make that mistake.
Anyway, this was a proposal that was approved by everybody. It would just make a syntax error, so if you try to put multiple default statement in a switch, it will fail with an error. It won't run.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, basically, it sounds to me more as a bug fix rather than a new feature proposal.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, well, I don't know. Maybe people are facing cases that define this more often than I can imagine.
Anyway, this feature is being proposed already for PHP 5.7 on which it will first raise deprecated error, and then on PHP 7, it will raise a fatal error, I mean, compile error.
Arturs Sosins: Basically, it will be an incorrect syntax, yeah.
Manuel Lemos: That's OK. I don't think it make much difference to me.
Arturs Sosins: It should be correct thing from the start.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, I don't think that it would make a big difference, but that's OK. That's something that is being planned. It won't hurt to have it there.
Manuel Lemos: And with this, we practically are reaching the end of this podcast, because we covered many topics, and now would be the usual sections on which we comment the Innovation Award winners of first JSClasses and PHPClasses.
Anyway, starting this month, we are having that recording of the nominees and the rankings separately.
But since we had that as part of the Lately In PHP podcast and also Lately in JavaScript podcast, we already recorded that part so it will be inserted in the edition of this podcast, as part of it.
So this would be time that I will say, Now, let's take a look at the nominees of the Innovation Award.
Arturs Sosins: And we may change our clothes.
Manuel Lemos: Exactly. Or not, maybe we just share the screen and nobody would see us.
Arturs Sosins: Oh, yeah.
Manuel Lemos: So let's take a look.
So we are now going to one final regular section on which we comment the Innovation Award winners, in this case, of June.
In June, the activity was sort of low. Everybody was paying attention to World Cup soccer, so only two classes were sent.
Arturs Sosins: Football.
Manuel Lemos: Yes. Football, soccer, it depends...
Arturs Sosins: On perspective.
Manuel Lemos: ...who prefers. Maybe there are some Americans that are listening and they say, "Oh, football, that thing that we play with hands. Oh, that's right. " It's soccer to make it obvious that you play with your socks.
Manuel Lemos: Or not.
Arturs Sosins: Or not.
Manuel Lemos: With some boots, of course, on top of your socks.
Arturs Sosins: We should call booter.
Manuel Lemos: Yes, that's probably the more accurate name. But here, we're talking about JavaScript, so that is totally a side topic.
Arturs, which of these two components would you like to comment this month?
Arturs Sosins: I'm already trying to share my screen, but it seems a part of the item working, screensharing is not. Let me try it one more time. OK, now, it's opened something. Yup, it works.
The one I would want to comment is a class by Daniele Cruciani from Italy. He... show context sensitive menu.
I don't know if it could be counted as something really special or not, but I really like his approach, easy approach.
Let me show you the code a little. So, basically, you have some functions, and then you just name the options and parse this functions to the plug-in.
What it does, it create the context menu with the options that you provided, and the specific function, so the interface is pretty simple and easy to use.
Of course, as he mentioned, in his code, there are some things needed to be worked out and may not work in all browsers. But yeah, it's a great idea, great accessory. That's why I really like it.
Daniele Cruciani received a book of O'Reilly for it.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, that's great. Let me switch to the other screen here. I'm not sure if this is looking well, because I zoomed it.
Arturs Sosins: Oh, you mean, it's not responsive?
Manuel Lemos: I mean zoom it in a different place.
Arturs Sosins: Oh, I see, it's you. OK, now you're out.
Manuel Lemos: OK, the other object that I'm going to comment, this one was sent from Jason Gerfen from the United States. It's called comm.js.
It's a component that seems to do something that seems common, which is to send AJAX request, Websockets request. But it provides a unified solution that also works not only with the Websockets and the AJAX, but also with XDR.
XDR is XDomainRequest. Since this is something for Internet Explorer or something, because I have never heard of XDR before until I saw this component.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah. All I know is XHR. Right?
Manuel Lemos: Yes. But it's different. It's XDomainRequest. I suppose this is for sending cross-domain request because AJAX request do not work if you do not have a cross domains, unless you are using, I think, AJAX 2 that with some permissions to enable that from the sender domain, I mean, receiving domain of the AJAX request. It's either that or I'm switching the order of the words.
Manuel Lemos: Anyway, this is somewhat unusual, so congratulations to Jason for this contribution. For that he picked a prize which is a book of choice that he picked from Packt.
Packt is also a book publisher like O'Reilly. They have many books that are specific to many topics that are not general topics, I would say.
Manuel Lemos: As for the Innovation Award ranking of June so far, and also considering the winners of July that were already announced, the positions have not changed so much by author, because only two authors that were not yet very well-ranked scored some points. So the main leaders of the ranking by author remain practically the same.
So far, Andoitz Jordan Marmolejo from Spain leads with 2 packages and 10 points. Jimmy Bo from Canada follows with 3 packages and 7 points, and then several other authors with 1 or 2 packages and less points.
By country, we can see that Spain is leading now, actually sort of increased its lead... thanks to points by Tony L. Requena from Spain in the July already.
Spain so far has 3 packages and 12 points, followed by Italy with 3 packages and 8 points, then Canada, also, with 3 packages and 7 points.
Then, we see Sweden has already increased its ranking, with two packages and five points. And then, several other countries follow with 1 package and less points.
Manuel Lemos: This month of June, we have 9 nominees. OK, let's take a look at this. Arturs, would you like to start?
Arturs Sosins: Let me share again. Share my screen here. Yeah, I'm sharing the right.
So first one I would like to comment is the class by wapmorgan... it's probably a nickname... who is from Russia.
He created a really useful package that allows you to manage different archives like ZIP, RAR, TAR. It's really useful if you know how to upload archives, its multiple files content and then you need to manage them like uncompress them to the files on the server.
You would have to use a different library for each one of them and this manages it all together, so that's basically useful.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah,
Arturs Sosins: And wapmorgan received a PhpStorm IDE personal license for it. IDE Web development environment. You know those languages have several editors.
Manuel Lemos: Over here we just call them editors.
Arturs Sosins: Like this. OK.
Manuel Lemos: I don't know why they put... Yeah. People use those complex names, but then, in the end, we just call them editors.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, well, they're more than that. They can profile debuggers and stuff like that. But yeah, editors, OK, works with me.
So next one I want to comment is Mark Cole that implemented a way to parse some specific markup and generate an HTML code for that. Basically, it's more meant to be used as a help file generator.
I can try to show that now. I already have that open. So basically, you have a specific markup that can generate help files. Let me check.
So, Mark Cole is from Great Britain, and he did not select his prize. Interesting, but why?
Manuel Lemos: This one?
Manuel Lemos: Well, that's good that you mentioned that, because sometimes authors either do not receive the messages, notified them, so that they do not reply. Usually, I try to insist for a week, and after that I move on. And in this case, I'm not sure.
But sometimes, authors also said, "Oh, no, I'm happy to participate in this award, but I would not like to get a prize." And that's OK, it's always great that people participate, because they are having fun. Actually, I think it's awesome that they're already having fun with prizes or not.
But I'm not sure, I do not remember this one, because there are so many winners getting prizes that I'm not sure if it was the case.
Anyway, this one, Mark Cole, Mark, if you are listening to this, for some reason, you did not get the message to get your prize, feel free to contact the site. You may still get the prize if you want.
So on my behalf, I'll comment on the remaining five packages starting from this one, PHP Push Advert from Rochak Chauhan from India.
He has been a great contributor. He has sent 52 packages, which makes him the top contributor in terms of number of packages. He also is currently one of the top users with more downloads.
Anyway, back to the class itself, it is used to display ads that self-update somehow. It could be using a meta tag, and you can configure the period of time by which the ads are refreshed, and it also use cookies to prevent that same banners show again for some time.
Arturs Sosins: So, it's pretty similar what mobile devices does, like AdMobs and stuff like that.
Manuel Lemos: Yeah, I think that's... Well, although this is meant for HTML not really, I think, AdMob is for more true embed on actual applications.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, yeah. It's a similar...
Manuel Lemos: Yes, exactly. So, he probably have to implement something for a project of his, and then he submitted the package to the site, which is great.
So the next package that I wanted to comment is another one and in this case, from Sergei Pryz from Ukraine. I hope all is fine in Ukraine, and he is not affected by the war with Russia. I hope he also can continue to send interesting package like this.
This one is for calculating prices of for instance orders on which you have multiple items of a certain product. And then, it performs calculations.
In this case, he uses arbitrary precision in math, to avoid losing precision when you perform multiple operations that could result in loss by rounding.
So, this package is interesting precisely because we don't want to start losing money, just because the rounding errors propagate. So kudos to Sergei for his contribution.
And in this case, he has chosen his prize, one subscription to the PHP Architect magazine, which is a very nice prize.
That is a magazine that has been in the market since the very early days of PHP. I remember it was launched by Marco Tabini in the past. Nowadays, he handed over the business of PHP Architect to Eli White, who is a great well-known developer in the PHP community.
Manuel Lemos: As for the Innovation Award ranking for PHP, since it has many more authors contributing to this ranking, the positions seem to have changed a bit.
So, by author, we can see that Chi Hoang from Germany is leading so far, with 5 packages and 21 points, followed by Andoitz Jordan Marmolejo from Spain with 3 packages and 16 points. Then comes Orazio Principe from Italy with 2 packages and 11 points, then Roger Baklund from Norway with 3 packages and 9 points. Then there are several other authors with only one package and less points.
As for country, so far, Spain is still leading with 6 packages and 27 points, so thanks to the contributions of several authors.
It's followed by Germany with 5 packages and 21 points. These are mostly all the packages of Chi Hoang, which alone has been helping Germany to rank in the second position.
Tied with Germany, there is Italy with 21 points, but only for packages. Then, Brazil follows with 3 packages and 17 points, Russia with 2 packages and 13 points, Romania with 2 packages and 10 points, then Norway with 3 packages and 9 points, Great Britain with 1 package and 8 points, India with 2 packages and 7 points, and Latvia with 1 package and 7 points.
So the PHP Innovation Award ranking for 2014 is getting quite hot with many countries and authors competing to see who will be the winner for this year. Let's wait and see what the coming months will get us in terms of evolution of this ranking.
Manuel Lemos: So, well, with this, we practically ended this podcast. We commented on many interesting topics related with the upcoming versions of PHP.
Starting this month, as I mentioned before, there will be a separate recording just for the Innovation Award winners and nominees. And also a comment on the rankings, how they are coming so far individually and by country. So that would be published first, but we include part of that in this hangout that you will be able to see it together.
Other than that, I would like to invite all, especially the nominees or even winners of the Innovation Award, to also come to the podcast that we will try to record together, so you can also comment about your own nominated packages.
I think that will make it more interesting because people can comment with more detail why they developed such innovative classes. That would make it more interesting.
Arturs Sosins: Yeah, basically, we could try it. We can have more questions and authors have more feedback.
Manuel Lemos: Yes, exactly. And they'll have a great exposure. They then can call their mothers and, "Hey, mom, come on in this Internet. That's me. I'm being interviewed. It's for the TV. It's for the Lately in PHP TV." And that would make it more interesting.
Anyway, since we have reached the end. I think we're done with all the topics. That is all for now. To all, bye.
Arturs Sosins: Bye.
2. php://input - Umair (2014-09-29 00:41)
php://input cannot be used for retrieving files... - 1 reply
1. PDO - Michel Chouinard (2014-09-23 04:37)
Incorrect affirmation!... - 1 reply
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3047
|
__label__wiki
| 0.553867
| 0.553867
|
Tours and Safaris
Semiliki National Park
Mt Rwenzori National Park
Gorilla Tracking Notes
National Park Regulations
Game drives, boat ride
(6.5 hours from Kampala)
This is the largest Park in Uganda and named after the spectacular, thunderous and powerful Falls. This is the spot where the 50metre wide river Nile (the World’s longest River 4.000kms) squeezes into a 7-meter rocky gap and dropping 43 meters.
Below the falls are good pools for spot fishing and up to 100 Kgs Nile perch has been caught during the past fishing expeditions. The other wildlife in the Park include the huge Nile Crocodiles, Rothschild’s giraffes, and the Jackson’s Hartebeest.
The boat ride to the delta is the best way to look for the rear Shoebill and other shore birds. The game drives in the grassland Savannah on the Northern side of the Park is the best to look for the many species of Mammals and birds the Park offers.
Copyright © 2021 Eagle Safaris Uganda. All rights reserved. | Designed by Precise Themes
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3049
|
__label__cc
| 0.723557
| 0.276443
|
Tech and GadgetsWorklifeCars & BikesLifestyleFood & DrinksHealthBMI CalculatorBMR CalculatorDiabetes Risk CalculatorPeopleEntertainmentBooksCity LifeHumourBetween The LinesSpecials
ET Magazine
Business News›Magazines›Panache›World Mental Health Day: Nearly half of India Inc employees suffer from depression
World Mental Health Day: Nearly half of India Inc employees suffer from depression
ET CONTRIBUTORS Last Updated: Oct 10, 2018, 12:06 PM IST
The National Crime Records Bureau statistics reports show that 35 in every 100,000 people in Bangalore commit suicide due to depression.
Workload coupled with unrealistic expectations, lack of work-life balance and drastic lifestyle are the prime factors that trigger such psychological conditions.
Workplace stress pushes Delhi residents towards smoking, unhealthy lifestyle
In pursuit of success: Money and fame may lead to alienation, depression
89 per cent of India's population suffering from stress; most don't feel comfortable talking to medical professionals
By Dr. Pallavi Aravind Joshi
The more our society gets caught up in today's rat-race - an unending yet unyielding tryst for more money, fame and recognition - the more it inches towards drowning in a ditch of depression.
Depression is commonly defined as a state of mind when people experience grief, loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed, an all-pervading sense of futility and incompetence, and even suicidal thoughts.
Depression is bracketed as an "affective" or mood disorder. Mood is defined as a state of "sustained emotional tone" or emotional disposition that characterises an individual's perception of the world around them and participation in society.
Make Notes, Eat Healthy & Exercise Daily: 7 Ways To Fight Depression
Combat Depression
Stress and frustration can lead to depression, further affecting mental health.
While it is imperative to consult with a medical professional if symptoms of depression are noticed, certain modification in one's lifestyle can help in combatting mild depression. However, moderate to severe depression requires the treatment with medications.
Nevertheless lifestyle changes do help in recovering as well as preventing the condition and future episodes.
Dr Pallavi Aravind Joshi, Consultant Psychiatrist of Columbia Asia Hospital Whitefield (Bengaluru) shares 7 tips to combat depression.
Work Out Regularly
Go for a walk every day, jog, or swim. You can also join a Zumba class. Indulge in yoga or aerobics. Apart from keeping you fit and occupied, exercising can also boost mental health and infuse positivity in life by releasing feel-good hormones like endorphins, dopamine and serotonin. Exercise also channels out negative energy.
Switch To A Healthy Diet Plan
Eating healthy not only helps you maintain your physical health, but also aids in your mental well-being. Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean meats, poultry, whole grains, low-fat dairy foods and fish in your diet. Also do not forget to drink a lot of water.
Do Not Stress Yourself Too Much
It is imperative to maintain a work-life balance. Try to reassess your schedule and not to bring the office work home. Design your own ways to combat work related anxiety.
Quit Those Addictions
Though the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine may act as instant mood enhancer, in long term, they serve only to worsen your mental health. So try to reduce your weekly consumption.
Clinical depression is a medical condition which lasts for at least two weeks with certain symptoms, and in most cases can last for months or even years. This is because the symptoms are not recognisable at once, but the condition gradually takes over. Most people who suffer from clinical depression, take years before they realise the need for help.
A study conducted by Assocham last year showed that 42.5 percent of employees in the Indian private sector are afflicted with general anxiety disorder or depression, as compared to government employees. This is attributed to less pay and more working hours which contribute to an atmosphere of constant fatigue. This further leads to stress and frustration, thereby acutely affecting mental health. India has become the hub of 'cheap labour' for most of the employers across the globe.
A private sector employee in India works for a minimum of 48-50 hours a week when compared to 33 hours a week in UK and 40 hours a week in US.
A private sector employee in India works for a minimum of 48-50 hours a week when compared to 33 hours a week in UK and 40 hours a week in US. Also the pay scale in India, a 'developing country', is meagre when compared to these 'developed countries' which pay almost six times more even after deducting the indexing prices and cost of living. This leads to extremely demanding schedules, elevated stress level and performance pressure. Thus in a bid to aid and add to the 'cheap labour' of the corporate industry, Indian working class has traded its peace of mind and leisure. Even for managers, and other top ranking officers, the situation is nothing different, and often even more grave.
Stress and frustration don't take time to metamorphose into anxiety and depression. In such situations, restlessness, exhaustion, anger, guilt, recurrent panic attacks, suicidal thoughts are also regular guests. No wonder the corporate world is often compared to a roller coaster ride because of the perks and exhilarating highs punctuated with miserably depressing lows.
Also read: California dreaming: We don’t fix joy, then why must we fix sadness?
Some symptoms of depression in the working class include:
Mood-swings, anxiety, agitation and apathy
Insomnia or sleeplessness
Difficulty in waking up in the morning
Lethargy and drowsiness, lack of interest in daily affairs
Fatigue and tiredness resulting in slowness and inactivity
Over-eating, or conversely, loss of appetite
Unexplained aches and pains in the body
Increased consumption of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine
Difficulty in focusing, taking more time to finish tasks
Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness
Workload coupled with unrealistic expectations, lack of work-life balance and drastic lifestyle are the prime factors that trigger such psychological conditions. Moreover, sedentary lifestyle added with lack of fresh air and physical exercise worsens the situation.
Say Goodbye To Work Worries: 5 Natural Methods To Beat Stress
Simple Stress-Buster Hacks
A recent study by Optum found that 46% of the Indian workforce reports suffering from some form of stress.
Don't let your busy and stressful worklife take a toll on you. Excessive stress can have a negative effect on your body, mood, as well as behaviour, ranging from headaches, anxiety, fatigue and irritability.
Dr Hariprasad, Ayurveda Expert at The Himalaya Drug Company, shares natural methods to cope with stress:
Your eating habits have a significant impact on stress levels. Following a balance of different foods and nutrients is essential. A diet rich in different food items such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dairy, fish, and poultry would help you get carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins and minerals. A well-nourished body is better able to cope with the physical and emotional effects of stress.
Unwind With Physical Activity
All forms of physical activity are useful in managing stress. Exercising has many benefits like releasing endorphins and calming the mind, which in turn help in reducing stress levels. Even 45 minutes of physical activity a day goes a long way towards managing stress.
Organise Your Life
Organising one's workload leads to a sense of control and peace of mind, and there are many ways to achieve this. One way to do this is through adopting time management, prioritising tasks, and scheduling tasks to complete them. Switching between tasks and having them pile up often becomes an additional source of stress. Decentralisation of tasks or asking for help as and when required is also a good way to reduce stress levels.
Use Herbs In Daily Diet
Herbs like Ashwagandha have been proven to be effective in managing the negative effects of stress. According to Ayurveda, Ashvagandha helps reduce the damaging effects of long-term stress by rejuvenating the mind and body. It is an adaptogen that helps the body stabilise physiological processes, support better resilience to stress, and maintain a healthy balance between various biological systems.
Furthermore, most of these employees are sleep deprived and hardly ever get to sleep peacefully even for six hours. According to an Assocham study, clinical depression has risen by around 50 per cent in the last eight years. This in turn, results in an array of multifarious ailments that are gradually creeping in. 23 per cent of the private sector employees are afflicted by obesity, which in turn augments the threat of diabetes, hypertension and cardiac disorders.
The National Crime Records Bureau statistics reports show that 35 in every 100,000 people in Bangalore commit suicide due to depression. Hence it is imperative to seek professional help - counselling therapy or medicinal therapy can be immensely beneficial for recovery and mental well-being.
- The author is a Consultant Psychiatrist at Columbia Asia Hospital Whitefield.
The power of 30! How these top bosses overcame stress, ennui to make it big
Where Was I At 30?
New beginnings, fresh ideas, lots of stress and stray depressing moments. Here’s what this bunch of 40 Under Forty achievers remember when they look back to when they were 30-year-olds.
Here: Viren Rasquinha (left) and Namita Thapar (right).
Aditya Parekh, Faering Capital Co-Founder, Age: 40
I had just moved back to India from the US. I knew I wanted to be an entrepreneur and I had just graduated from MBA (Wharton School). I didn’t know, specifically, what I wanted to do but I knew that the journey would begin by moving back to India. It was where my friends and family were. I had been away for 12 years, so it was time to come back. I moved back in 2006 and in 2009, I co-founded Faering Capital and the rest is history.
Jitendra Gupta, PayU MD, Age: 35
I was sitting at home, planning my next idea. I had quit my job at ICICI Bank and was pondering my next move. I wanted to get out of my comfort zone and try something of my own. I was, literally, at home for a year. That’s how I came up with the idea for Citrus Pay (acquired by PayU). There were dull, depressing moments, but I persevered.
Viren Rasquinha, Olympic Gold Quest CEO, Age: 36
It was close to the London Olympics. I was with the Olympic Gold Quest and preparing for our first Olympics. It turned out to be fantastic. I never think too much ahead and have never been someone who thinks too much. If you do good things, good things come.
Namita Thapar, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Executive Director, Age: 39
At 30, I was still discovering myself a bit. I don’t want to sound cliched, but at 30, one has just had kids and is trying to settle down and figure out ways to move forward. Now I’m way more secure, at peace. Steve Jobs once said, “Don’t let the noise of other’s opinions drown your own inner voice.” That comes true as you turn 40. Turning 40 is a beautiful, beautiful feeling and I hope to feel even better when I’m 50.
(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this column are that of the writer. The facts and opinions expressed here do not reflect the views of www.economictimes.com.)
corporate depressionWorld Mental Health DayNational Crime Records BureauMental Health DayMental healthassochamprivate sector employeesdepression
World Mental Health Day: Working professionals must set boundaries, plan virtual lunch dates with colleagues to keep the modern-day menace away
World Mental Health Day: Here's why it matters
World Mental Health Day: Don't let work make you a nervous wreck
World Mental Health Day: Most professionals suffer from stress in metro cities
World Mental Health Day: Why mental illness still remains shrouded in stigma
Trending in PanacheIndian Army DayMasterSamsung Galaxy S21 PriceJames NaismithJeff BezosLife styleEntertainment NewsGadget NewsHealth
Indian Army DayVijay SethupathiSamsung Galaxy S21 PriceWikipedia BirthdayJames NaismithJeff BezosSushant Singh Rajput Death Case
PanacheET MagazineTravel
Indian Army DayMasterSamsung Galaxy S21 PriceWikipedia BirthdayJames NaismithJeff BezosCar & BikesTech and Gadgets
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3059
|
__label__cc
| 0.709382
| 0.290618
|
It's Sunday again and this week can be filed under "one of those weeks". It's Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond. From Photos from my phone: Give me a bit. I'll write about this later (probably Monday). Negative COVID-19 Testing for UK Arrivals The UK Government finally got its backside in gear to launch COVID-19 pre-arrival testing. Other countries are also doing … [Read more...]
We're into week 2 of 2021... which is turning out just swell it seems, judging what's going on in the world. Things are continuing away at Economy Class and Beyond with everyone coming back from holidays. Let us see what's new this week: The joy of snow - a fitting start to the lockdown in the United Kingdom Passenger Experience Emirates to send their Premium … [Read more...]
Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond (3rd January)
It's Sunday again and we're in a new year. Must be time for me to ramble more in Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond We're continuing with a weekly photo from my travels (or lack of thereafter), least of all, it's forcing me out of the house to exercise occasionally. Welcome to Tier 4 life in Birmingham City Centre, with the crowds gone and those out to walk or gather … [Read more...]
Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond (27 December 2020)
Welcome to the last one of these look back at the week, as we barrel towards the end of a very turbulent year. It's time for Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond St Philips Cathedral, Central Birmingham, with LED Angels. Very festive. Travel Restrictions and Testing I'm attempting to keep on top of the Travel Restrictions currently in play at the minute, with an at … [Read more...]
Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond (20th December)
Well - we've been through one hell of a week (and that's, to put it mildly). And it's... almost over. Welcome to Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond. Enough said (replaces the planed picture I was going to use today). Travel RestrictionsThis has been fast-moving this week - to put it bluntly. Especially with the introduction of Tier 4 restrictions in London and the South … [Read more...]
Last a week at Economy Class and Beyond (13th December)
It’s that time of the week where I write a list, add witty commentary and ponder about the week that just happened. Yes, it’s Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond. The Bull in the Bullring is ready for the festive season - Bullring, Birmingham. Routes and Networks Qatar Airways formally adds Seattle to its network, partners with Alaska Airlines - Qatar Airways eyes a … [Read more...]
Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond (6th December)
It's that time of the week where I wonder where time is going as we barrel through to the end of the year, whilst I try to struggle on with day to day life. Yes, it's Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond. What's in the Box? Check my unboxing article.. .and video! Passenger Experience Finnair to sell… Blueberry Juice - One of the most popular service elements … [Read more...]
Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond (29th November)
It's the 29th November. We're nearing the end of a very long year... that feels like it's still the middle of March. So it's probably the 258th of March. Or something like that. Welcome to Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond. St Philip Catherdal in the lockdown fog Am I still swamped to hell? You bet I am. Am I shooting photos on Saturday evening and realising I … [Read more...]
Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond (22nd November)
It's that time of the week again where I bemoan the cost of new glasses and ponder about what I missed writing about this week. Yes, it's Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond. A rather lonely bull wondering where all the people are - The Bullring Centre, Birmingham Testing, Testing Dublin Airport to open two COVID-19 testing areas - LAMP and PCR testing … [Read more...]
It's that time of the week where I stare into the void, look at a pile of 150 laptops and ponder if I need to book more leave. Yes, It's Last Week at Economy Class and Beyond The lights are on for Christmas in Birmingham, but the city is still in lockdown - with only those exercising, working or hunting for food braving the wind and rain. Routes and Networks … [Read more...]
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3060
|
__label__cc
| 0.631747
| 0.368253
|
ecoXtract Earns USDA Certified Biobased Product Label
Produced from renewable materials, our sustainable extraction technology -ecoXtract – is the breakthrough solution using a fully biobased solvent, better for the people, better for the planet
Dunkerque (FR), November 29, 2019 – ecoXtract – has earned today the Certified Biobased Product label granted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). ecoXtract is now able to display a unique USDA label that highlights its 100% percentage of biobased content. Our label may now be used on the products within ECOXTRACT®, listed below:
ecoXTRACT® LIPOCOS
ecoXTRACT® FOOD GRADE
Third-party verification for a product’s biobased content is administered through the USDA BioPreferred Program, an initiative created by the 2002 Farm Bill (and most recently expanded by the 2014 Farm Bill). One of the goals of the BioPreferred Program is to increase the development, purchase, and use of biobased products. The USDA Certified Biobased Product label displays a product’s biobased content, which is the portion of a product that comes from a renewable source, such as plant, animal, marine, or forestry feedstocks. Utilizing renewable, biobased materials displaces the need for non-renewable petroleum-based chemicals. Biobased products, through petroleum displacement, have played an increasingly important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions that exacerbate global climate change. Biobased products such as ecoXtract are cost-comparative, readily available, and perform as well as or better than their conventional counterparts. “The sustainability of the food industry requires us to address challenges that are not resolved yet,” said Norbert Patouillard, Director of Sales & Marketing. “The ‘USDA certified biobased product’ label offers proof of confidence that our solution is safe for the people and the planet. “We applaud ecoXtract for earning the USDA Certified Biobased Product label,” said Kate Lewis, USDA BioPreferred Program. “Products like ecoXtract are contributing to an ever-expanding marketplace that adds value to renewable agriculture commodities, creates jobs in rural communities, and decreases our reliance on petroleum.” According to a report that USDA released in 2016, biobased products contributed $393 billion to the U.S. economy in 2014 and support, directly and indirectly, 4.2 million jobs. In this report, the research team estimate petroleum displacement of up to 6.8 million barrels in 2014. The increased production of renewable chemicals and biobased products contributes to the development and expansion of the U.S. bio-economy – where society looks to agriculture for sustainable sources of fuel, energy, chemicals, and products. About Pennakem Pennakem provides full service-manufacturing, pilot facilities, R&D, and worldwide sales and marketing, all focusing on renewable chemistry while developing new and innovative products and processes for customers. ecoXtract is a brand of Pennakem. Pennakem is an affiliate of the Minafin Group www.pennakem.com
About Minafin
Founded in 2005, Minafin is a French private industrial company specialized in fine chemistry for the Life Sciences and the High-Tech Industries. It generated more than €190M in revenues in 2018 and employes 860+ employees. Its activities include industrial subcontracting, development of chemical syntheses, and industrial scale-up of custom-made processes as well as proprietary products with high added value for the pharmacy, cosmetic, agriculture, and high-tech industries. The group has six manufacturing sites: two in the US, two in France, one in Germany and one in Belgium.
www.minafin.com
About the USDA BioPreferred Program and Certified Biobased Product label
The BioPreferred Program is a USDA-led initiative that assists the development and expansion of markets for biobased products. The BioPreferred Program is transforming the marketplace for biobased products through two initiatives: mandatory purchasing requirements for Federal Agencies and Federal contractors and voluntary product certification and labeling.
Biobased products span a diverse range of applications, such as lubricants, cleaning products, chemicals, and bioplastics. The USDA Certified Biobased Product label communicates a product’s biobased content. Expressed as a percentage, biobased content is the ratio of non-fossil organic carbon (new organic carbon) to total organic carbon in a product. New organic carbon is derived from recently-created materials. The total organic carbon in a product consists of new organic carbon and old organic carbon that originates from fossil carbon materials, such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas. More than 3,000 products have earned the USDA Certified Biobased Product label. To learn more about the USDA Certified Biobased Product label please visit www.biopreferred.gov and follow on Twitter at http://twitter.com/BioPreferred.
Media and analyst contacts
Pennakem
npatouillard@pennakem.com
USDA BioPreferred® Program
Vernell Thompson
Vernell.Thompson@dm.usda.gov
YOU ALSO MAY BE INTERESTED IN
We are nominee for the Prix Pierre Potier des lycéens award
Watch the video presenting the EcoXtract project to French High School students who signed up to vote for the best project! May the best win!
Season’s Greetings from EcoXtract
2-methyloxolane (2-MeOx) as sustainable lipophilic solvent to substitute hexane for green extraction of natural products
Scientific review: Properties, applications, perspectives Today the world food security depends on hexane, a petrochemical compound. No alternative exists to maximize the oil recovery, produce
PrevPrevious postPositive outcome further to Pennakem’s meeting with the FDA
Next postEcoXtract receives a Responsible Care awardNext
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3061
|
__label__wiki
| 0.534214
| 0.534214
|
Two items appear below:
1 Wolves and the Bible
2 Dangerous Woves and Eternity
WOLVES AND THE BIBLE
(Investigator 111, 2006 November)
LAYS DOWN HIS LIFE
Jesus said:
The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. The hired hand, who is not the shepherd and does not own the sheep, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and runs away – and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. The hired hand runs away because a hired hand does not care for the sheep. (John 10:11-13)
Jesus’ message here is primarily spiritual – but today we’ll examine the accuracy of the biology behind it.
Do wolves ever kill people? Are wolves so dangerous that a shepherd may "lay down his life" and "hired hands" flee and let the sheep perish?
The wolf's ferocity and nocturnal habits are mentioned in Genesis 49:27; Jeremiah 5:6; Ezekiel 22:27; Habakkuk 1:8; Zephaniah 3:3; Matthew 7:15; Acts 20:29.
Wolves are carnivorous animals resembling a German shepherd but grow larger with broader head, stronger jaws and bigger feet. North American wolves weigh up to 80kg, wolves in Western Europe about 35kg. Wolves can travel up to 40km in one night.
Current estimated wolf populations in Europe are Russia (20,000); Romania (2,500); Spain (2,000); Bulgaria (1,000); Italy (600); Poland (600); Greece (500); Portugal (300).
RENSBERGER
Adventure-novelist Jack London (1876-1916) wrote Wild Fang (1906) wherein he described wolves attacking humans and dogs:
When the ravenous beasts took out one of the last dogs, Bill grabbed his rifle and their last three rounds of ammunition, determined to prevent another killing. His three shots missed and the wolves set upon him as well as the dog. Within minutes there was only silence, but the pack was still hungry. Henry, now alone, began preparing to survive the night…
Biologist B. Rensberger (1977) criticized:
Rather than relying on first-hand experience for his writings, London borrowed instead from fairy tails. There is, for example, no evidence of a wild wolf ever killing a human in all of North America. There is only one documented case of a wolf even injuring a person and that animal almost certainly had rabies. Even in Europe and Asia, where the wolf has been the archetype of evil for thousands of years, modern authorities on wolf behavior have concluded that the vast majority, if not all alleged wolf attacks are false and that the handful of proven attacks were the work of rabid wolves or of wolf-dog hybrids… (pp 48-57)
Rensberger cites other experts:
In 1931 S.I. Ognev, a Russian zoologist, reported that "Cases of attacks are much rarer than is believed. Dinnik reports that he knows of no authentic case of a (non-rabid) wolf attacking a man in the Caucasus."
A website by the International Wolf Center cites two reports:
The first report, "The fear of wolves: A review of wolf attacks on humans" edited by John Linnell, documents worldwide wolf attacks over the last 400 years. After reviewing hundreds of records, this report concludes that historically attacks on humans were very rare, and attacks in the 20th century are even rarer.
The second report, "A case history of wolf-human encounters in Alaska and Canada" by Mark McNay, documents 80 wolf-human interactions that have occurred in the last 60 years. Of the 80 cases described in this article, none were fatal, and only 25 involved unprovoked aggression by healthy wolves.
KILLER WOLVES
Wolves have attacked, even killed, people in recent times:
In the grand duchy of Posen nineteen adults and children were torn to shreds in 1820, although in the previous years the Prussian government had paid a bounty of 4618 Taler for shot wolves. (Bardorff, 1950)
The Advertiser reported:
BUDAPEST: Residents of the southern Hungarian town of Pecs have been warned to stay indoors after a wolf killed an elderly woman, seriously injured three children and bit several other people in nearby woods. The wolf escaped from the local zoo. (December 30, 1995, p. 11)
T. R. Mader, Research Director of Abundant Wildlife Society of North America, studied wolf history for 15 years. On the Internet Mader documents dozens of wolf attacks in North America between the 1880s and 2000, and attacks in other countries:
The government of India reported more than 100 deaths attributable to wolves in one year during the eighties. (Associated Press, 1985)
Rashid Jamsheed, a U.S. trained biologist, was the game director for Iran. He wrote a book entitled "Big Game Animals of Iran." In it he made several references to wolf attacks on humans… In winter, when starving wolves grow bold, they have been known to enter towns and kill people in daylight on the streets. Apparently, in Iran, there are many cases of wolves running off with small children…
Mader says that wolf attacks in North America are few compared to Asia because efficient fire-arms gave humans the upper hand. He quotes The Yellowstone Nature Book (M.P. Skinner, 1924):
Most of the stories we hear of the ferocity of these animals...come from Europe. There, they are dangerous because they do not fear man, since they are seldom hunted except by the lords of the manor. In America, the wolves…have found to their bitter cost that practically every man and boy carries a rifle.
To biologists who say there are "no documented cases of healthy wild wolves attacking humans" Mader answers that the criteria for "documentation" are unreasonable:
The wolf has to be killed, examined and found to be healthy.
It must be proven that the wolf was never kept in captivity.
There must be eyewitnesses to the attack.
The person must die from the wounds (bites are generally not considered attacks).
Human-wolf confrontations would have occurred when wolves attacked lifestock, were hunted, had rabies, were starving, lacked fear of humans, were particularly aggressive, were disturbed by humans, and mistook children for natural prey.
Wolves were trapped, speared, stoned and clubbed by men for thousands of years, and in recent centuries shot and poisoned. Natural selection would have favored wolves that avoided people. In other words wolves over time became less dangerous. Jesus commented on wolves 2000 years ago and did so accurately.
Bardorff, W. 1950 Brehms Tierleben, Safari-Verlag, Berlin.
Rensberger, B. 1977 The Cult of the Wild, Anchor Press, USA.
www.wolfsongalaska.org/wolves_afghanistan_wolfattacks.htm
www.aws.vcn.com/wolf_attacks_on_humans.html
www.wolf-to-wolfdog.org/quebear.htm
DANGEROUS WOLVES and ETERNITY
(Investigator 120, 2008 May)
The Bible teaches that wild wolves pose danger to humans. I showed this in #111 and answered wildlife experts who claimed the opposite.
New Scientist magazine says: "As recently as 2005, a Canadian student was killed by wolves while working in a mining camp in Saskatchewan." (23 February, 2008, p. 46)
Ordinarily we trust people if we have experienced them as truthful and reliable on a number of occasions. The Bible, however, has proved correct in hundreds of disagreements across thousands of years, sometimes against the united opposing opinion of virtually all humankind – as shown in Investigator.
Everyone should ponder over this when deciding whom, or what source, to trust for guidance about eternity and God.
Hundreds of articles about the Bible
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3063
|
__label__cc
| 0.741402
| 0.258598
|
Meet My Characters Blog Hop: Samuel Clement Carver
September 2, 2014 September 1, 2014 / Liz Fountain
Thanks so much to the delightful Julie Eberhart Painter for tagging me in this Meet My Characters Blog Hop! Find Julie’s character blog (and lots of other great posts) here. You’ll meet the amazing Skillet Hamilton from Julie’s poignant book, Morning After Midnight. At the end of this post, you’ll find info on four other authors I’m pleased to tag next – their character posts will be live one week from today.
I decided to introduce y’all to Samuel Clement Carver, one of the characters whose lives are inextricably linked in You, Jane. Read on:
Is your character fictional or a historic person?
Samuel Clement Carver is entirely fictional. Every character in this book is entirely fictional. No, really. Even if they do seem to remind you of people I know, that’s just an illusion. They are all made up. Yup. Fictional.
When and where is the story set?
In the here and now, mostly Seattle, but with real-world scenes in Kyoto, Taos, and Spokane, and fable-world scenes in unnamed towns, swamps, back roads, and woods. The world of You, Jane is our world, with a peppering of magic and mystery.
What should we know about him/her?
Sam is lanky, handsome, lonely, funny, always late, loves dogs, plays the ukulele his father gave him before he died, and carries his hell inside him. That’s why he wanders around, never settling anywhere – as soon as he slows down, that hell reaches up to grab him. He’s been a friend of Jane’s since they met at a cult-like ashram community in Taos, and he made sure she got real coffee, not the “fake chicory something or other” the “family” provided. He’s one of the few people Jane trusts enough to tell about the fables she writes that come true and create havoc in her life.
What is the main conflict? What messes up his/her life?
Not long after Sam’s seventh birthday, his father died in a car accident. Sam was raised by his stepfather, a military man of cold fairness, who helped Sam join the Air Force when he turned 18. Sam became one of the youngest pilots around, and then his plane crashed trying to rescue hostages. He survived, his crew (and friends) did not. Sam’s been wandering around, trying to find someone to keep him company on his road out of hell ever since.
What is the personal goal of the character?
At the beginning of the story, Sam seeks to avoid feeling the guilt he carries about walking away from the plane crash that killed his mates. He left the military and began a wandering life, carrying only his old knapsack and the ukulele his father gave him. By the end, Sam also seeks a companion in the truest sense of the word: someone to share his life, his wandering, and his bed; someone he can love, support, cherish, and enjoy a good roll in the hay with. He thinks that companion might be Jane.
Is this novel published, and where can we read more about it?
You, Jane was published in June. You can find it on Amazon for Kindle, at the publisher’s store for any e-book format, and at other fine e-book retailers.
And…coming up next, on September 9:
Audra Middleton – http://www.audramiddleton.com/monthly-blog
Audra Middleton was born and raised in Washington State where she lives with her husband and their three boys. She gave up her teaching career to raise her children, and in between diaper changes and baseball games, she began writing books. Once she started, she couldn’t stop, even after she went back to teaching. And we readers are glad she couldn’t stop writing!
Matthew Curry – oldkingcurry.wordpress.com
Matt says “I like to write and draw and listen to very old records. So far, I’ve written Citizens of Purgatory and Under the Electric Sun. I’m working on a third novel right now, but I haven’t decided on a title yet.” Don’t let his modesty fool you. He’s an amazing artist of colored pencil drawings, and Citizens of Purgatory is a darkly funny comedy of small town life.
Celia Breslin – http://www.celiabreslin.com/blog/
Celia lives in California with her husband, daughter, and two feisty cats. She writes urban fantasy and paranormal romance, and has a particular fondness for vampires and the Fae. When not writing, you’ll find her exercising, reading a good book or indulging her addiction to Joss Whedon’s TV shows and movies. Trust me, you’ll want to meet any character Celia’s created.
Sonya Rhen – http://sonyarhen.wordpress.com/
Sonya lives in the Pacific Northwest with her husband and two children. They also share their home with two dogs, two cats and a lonely catfish. “Space Tripping With the Shredded Orphans” is her debut novel – and the world Sonya creates in that book is definitely one you need to visit. Sonya looks for the humor and humanity in daily life. When she’s not writing or hanging out with the family, you might find her dancing.
fiction, writing
Audra Middleton, Celia Breslin, Julie Eberhart Painter, Matthew Curry, Meet My Characters, Sonya Rhen, You Jane
← Fictional Lessons for an All-Too-Real Life: Stephanie Joyce Cole
Author Interview: Coffee Time Romance & More →
6 thoughts on “Meet My Characters Blog Hop: Samuel Clement Carver”
Sonya Rhen
Thanks, Liz! I look forward to reading “You, Jane”. Back to working on my blog for next week. 🙂
Liz Fountain
Thank you Sonya – can hardly wait to find out which character of yours we get to meet!
Pingback: Meet My Characters Blog Hop: Carina and Alexander | celiabreslin
Pingback: Meet My Characters Blog Hop – Lix of the Shredded Orphans | Sonya Rhen
Pingback: Don’t forget… Meet My Characters Blog Hop continues | Point No Point
Pingback: Blog hop: meet my character | THE CHIA PET CIRCUS
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3068
|
__label__wiki
| 0.670139
| 0.670139
|
Millennials Develop “World’s First” AI Creative Director
Dyllan Furness Last updated on May 17, 2019
Last updated on May 17, 2019, published by Dyllan Furness
Dyllan explores technology and the human condition for Tech Emergence. His interests include but are not limited to whiskey, kimchi, and Catahoulas.
Picture this: Mad Men returns for a final season set in the near future. The advertising agency Sterling, Cooper, Draper, Pryce is still a powerhouse though its namesakes have since retired. Actually, the entire human staff has been reduced to just a few account men, managers, and technicians. Where are the creatives? They’re in the computers.
This scenario seems farfetched but it’s within reason. Times change. Today’s creatives are often bound by pop culture trends, Internet memes, and SEO compatibility. Advertising isn’t what it was in the 60s.
Ad agency McCann Japan realizes this. Tomorrow they’ll appoint what they claim is the first ever artificial intelligence creative director, a logic-based system named AI-CD ß. According to McCann Japan’s press release, AI-CD ß and eleven college graduates are to attend McCann Worldgroup’s new employee welcoming ceremony on April 1 – and no, this isn’t an April Fools joke. For all intents and purposes their roles will be the same. AI-CD ß will have actual accounts just like its colleagues. AI-CD ß will use his in-depth knowledge of advertising to pitch ideas and guide campaigns. AI-CD ß won’t however have a body, friends, or lunch break, but these freedoms will only allow it to meet timelines more efficiently.
McCann Japan’s depiction of their AI Creative Director, AI-CD ß
AI-CD ß is the product of the Creative Genome Project, which is a product of the six-month-old McCann Millennials taskforce, which – like it sounds – is a group of the agency’s members who were born between 1980 and 2000.
Shun Matsuzaka is the founder of McCann Millenials and a creative planner at the agency. He says his team’s decision to develop AI-CD ß was more one of practicality than pure curiosity. “Our team didn’t have a creative director, so we though, why not create one ourselves with artificial intelligence,” he states in the press release. “That’s how the Creative Genome Project got started.” Matsuzaka and the other Millenials hope to implement AI-CD ß across a number of campaigns. And, according Yasuyuki Katagi, President and CEO of McCann Japan, this isn’t the work of some rogue youngsters: “The whole company is 100 percent on board to support the development of our AI employee.”
In order for AI-CD ß to work like a true creative, the McCann Millennials team of researchers equipped the algorithm with data that includes deconstructed, tagged, and analyzed TV shows. As added grist to its mill, AI-CD ß is packed with information about the winners of All Japan Radio & Television Commersion Confederation’s CM Festival for the past ten years, which the system can data mine to identify the most appropriate themes and ideas for a particular product or message. McCann claims this makes AI-CD ß the first logic-based creative director whose direction is based on the historical success of TV commercials.
As a machine learning algorithm, AI-CD ß has been built to refine its future approaches based on evaluation of and feedback from previous campaigns. A successful campaign offers positive guidance for while an unsuccessful campaign steers the system in another direction.
It’s too early to tell whether AI-CD ß will be the next Don Draper. But McCann’s confidence in the system is intriguing. Even more intriguing is the agency’s confidence in their millennial taskforce who – in half a year – created an innovative and potentially industry-changing solution to a fundamental problem. Some creatives will surely worry about having their jobs automated. More will probably insist that creativity is by definition illogical, and thus can’t be supported by a logic-based algorithm. But until we see AI-CD ß in action we can only speculate on its success and admire the innovation of the young team who conceived it.
Image credit: AMC
Discover the critical AI trends and applications that separate winners from losers in the future of business.
Sign up for the 'AI Advantage' newsletter:
Related posts (5)
AI is Colorizing and Beautifying the World
Artificial intelligence may be making the world smarter, safer, more functional and accessible. But can it make the world more beautiful? A number of researchers hope to do so by developing AI systems that can paint, write, and colorize photographs.
Unseen Ways AI is Making the World a Better Place
Despite what the media tends to depict, artificial intelligence is being put to better use than winning video games and board games. In fact, two of the world’s leading tech giants have begun using AI to help the blind perceive the world in helpful new ways.
A 30-Year-Old AI Engine Finally Meets the Real World
If the story of Cyc were written by Aesop, it would probably read something like The Tortoise and the Hare. The 30-year-old artificial intelligence engine's slow, steady, and idiosyncratic development is set to challenge recent pattern recognition methods that have seen AI algorithms conquer centuries-old board games and rush-hour traffic. Where the latter found success creating statistical models by processing troves of data on its own, Cyc’s professed skill will come from hardcoded rules and logic that allow it to understand how and why data points are related.
Cyc is a common sense engine, which over the past three decades has been fed thousands and thousands of encyclopedic facts. Since computers lack human-level inference, Cyc’s creators also fed it background knowledge – facts that we’d consider self-evident – to help connect the dots between what, how, and why things happened.
So, if Cyc is told that in 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue, the system is also informed that Columbus sailed on the Mayflower, the Mayflower is a ship, a ship is a boat, and boats float. This degree of specificity is designed to make Cyc a comprehensive and unique resource with real-world applicable knowledge; it also helps explain why the knowledge base took so long to develop.
Top Business Schools Want MBAs to Monetize AI
From Silicon Valley to South Korea, artificial intelligence has been one of the hottest tech topics of the year. In fact, 2016 was meant to be “the year that virtual reality becomes reality”, and yet AI seems to be dominating the discussion. Now, top business schools around the world – from University of California, Berkeley to National University of Singapore – are turning to AI to help bolster their programs and train MBA students to apply machine learning processes to business problems.
Can Artificial Intelligence Make the World a Better Place?
My most recent TEDx is titled “Can AI Make the World a Better Place?” - but this title is somewhat misleading.
3 Ways to Discover AI Trends in Any Sector
See critical AI applications and trends faster than ever. Uncover AI opportunity and ROI without getting caught up in hype. Download this succinct 4-page white paper:
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3072
|
__label__cc
| 0.574954
| 0.425046
|
EMN Publications
Network & Events
Useful Statistics
EMN Research Library
Am Only Saying It Now: Experiences of Women Seeking Asylum in Ireland
The average wait for an asylum, protection or leave to remain claim to be processed in Ireland is a minimum of two years, with some women waiting five years or more, during which time they and their families live in direct provision, having been dispersed to regional accommodation centres. Many women in direct provision accommodation are often times battling poor living conditions, which can contribute to unsuitable or unsafe situations for them. Children are spending their formative years living in direct provision. In 2009, AkiDwA’s director spent time speaking to 121 women about their experiences of Ireland’s reception and asylum system. This report reflects those women’s views and experiences.
Author(s): Salome Mbugua
Publisher: AkiDwa
Publication Date: 01 Mar 2010
Geographic Focus: Ireland
Irregular Migration
Return Migration
Temporary Migration
EMN Ireland is funded by the European Union’s Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund and co-funded by the Department of Justice.
This website uses cookies for its functionality and to analyse how users are engaging with the site. By clicking Accept you are consenting to the use of them. To switch them off or find out more see Settings
This websites uses cookies for its functionality and to analyse how users are engaging with the site.
This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages. Keeping this cookie enabled helps us to improve our website.
_gid This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visited in an anonymous form.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3073
|
__label__cc
| 0.673244
| 0.326756
|
The Erudite Gorilla
Reviews, ruminations, and (occasional) ramblings
Comics Reviews: JLA 169, Superboy & the Legion 254, Jonah Hex 27
Justice League of America #169 – “The Doomsday Decision” – Gerry Conway/Dick Dillin/Frank McLaughlin
This one starts with five members of the JLA (Superman, Flash, Wonder Woman, Red Tornado, and Green Lantern) on trial before the World Court for violating someone’s human rights. No, it’s nothing to do with the rampant mindwiping and personality altering that’s been going on lately. This is about them imprisoning Ultraa in a force cube without any kind of trial or even a hearing. Ultraa was rescued from his prison last issue by a human rights lawyer named Sloane, who’s now representing him in court. The JLAers say they had no choice but to imprison Ultraa, as his power makes him dangerous and he wasn’t shy about using it. The judge says their opinions of Ultraa don’t give them the right to shut him away from humankind. The judge remands the Leaguers into custody and they go along with it, not wanting to ignore the law they’re supposed to uphold. Outside, there are protesters from both sides (pro- and anti-superhero) and they end up fighting, which sparks a riot. The JLA quickly separate the rioters and incapacitate them without harming them. They then turn themselves back over to the guards, which impresses Ultraa. Seeing the way the heroes handled the riot and turned themselves in afterwards, Ultraa now wonders if prosecuting them is the right thing. He regrets his earlier fight with them and wishes they could’ve been friends instead of enemies. His lawyer, Sloane, assures him he’s only looking out for Ultraa’s best interests and prosecuting the JLA is the right thing. As Ultraa leaves, Sloane thinks to himself that Ultraa is a “pliable anthropoid ape”; sounds like Sloane may not be human. On the JLA Satellite, Batman finds evidence that something is affecting Earth’s atmosphere, so he has the computer analyze it. In a shadowy Manhattan office, someone reports that the predictions of the Over-Complex are accurate, including the effect tampering with the eco-system is having on humans. We see people rioting all over Earth, so I guess the riot outside the World Court was caused by this atmospheric tampering too. The guy in the office transforms into some kind of protoplasm creature and wants to rejoin the Over Complex, but is told he has to retain his anthropoidal disguise a while longer. He obeys and we see it’s Sloane, Ultraa’s lawyer … which wasn’t exactly a shocking revelation. At the united Nations, Wonder Woman notices the water level in the river is lower than usual and Superman busts out the window to check on it. Flash repairs the window at super-speed and Green Lantern uses his ring to project a fake Superman so the guards find nothing amiss when they check on the noise. Outside, Superman sees that the entire ocean level is dropping by a few millimetres per minute, but before he can find what’s causing it, he’s blasted by a wad of protoplasm. The protoplasm is made of neutrino energy, so it’s strong enough to hurt the Man of Steel and he plummets into the ocean. On the Satellite, Batman figures out the atmosphere has too much oxygen, which is causing all sorts of trouble, like fires raging out of control and the crazy riots all over the world. (I guess too much oxygen makes people go wild.) Outside the U.N., Ultraa decides he wants to drop his action against the JLA, but he sees a big blob of protoplasm land nearby and is shocked to see it turn into his lawyer. He vows to follow Sloane and find out what he’s up to, but doesn’t notice a small piece of Sloane’s protoplasm is following him. The trial reconvenes and Sloane gets ready to implement whatever diabolical scheme he’s planning. We’ll see what it is next issue.
Noticeable Things:
A recurring theme with Ultraa is how easily manipulated he is. This isn’t the last time someone will take advantage of his trusting nature.
On the Satellite, Batman says he’s a great detective but no scientist, which is a contrast to his later depictions, where he is a pretty damn good scientist.
Wonder Woman mentions that she “used to” work at the U.N.; Gerry must not have been up on his Wonder Woman comics, because in her own title, Diana has just rejoined the U.N. at this point.
Superboy & the Legion #254 – “A Madman Shall Lead Them” – Gerry Conway/Joe Staton/Dave Hunt
This one starts with Superboy showing up at the hospital on St. Croix to ask Brainiac 5 for help. You’ll remember last issue five of Superboy’s fellow Legionnaires were seemingly killed by a group calling themselves the League of Super-Assassins. The Super-Assassins blame those Legionnaires (and Superboy) for destroying their world, so now they’ve taken revenge. Superboy says Brainy is the only one who can help him, but Brainy’s still in his megalomaniacal nutcase mode, so he’s not inclined to assist. He changes his mind when the Super-Assassins smash into the hospital and Lazon apparently kills Superboy by transforming into a green kryptonite energy beam. Brainy captures a reading on Lazon before he takes off, and summons some guards, saying he has a proposal for the hospital’s director. On R.J. Brande’s private asteroid, a contingent of Legionnaires has come to beg him for more money. He tells them he’s bankrupt, so no new headquarters and space cruiser for them. Speaking of headquarters, we see the Legion’s old clubhouse, now home to the Substitutes. Polar Boy is giving some kind of lecture on tactics to the other Subs (Night Girl, Fire Lad, Chlorophyll Kid, and Color Kid; I’m not sure where Stone Boy is). Polar Boy’s boring lecture is interrupted by Brainiac 5, who brings in the six “dead” Legionnaires in stasis chambers. Brainy’s asking the Subs for help? He must be crazy. If you’re wondering why he’s walking around loose, Brainy made a deal with the hospital administrator that he’d be let out to help the Legion against the Super-Assassins, but there’s a computer remote that follows him everywhere. If the remote thinks Brainy is doing anything dangerous, or trying to escape, it’ll sound an alarm and Brainy will be pounded into submission by a burly guard (who kinda looks like a Sontaran, except all white). Brainy explains that the Legionnaires aren’t totally dead, they’re just mostly dead. He says on examining Superboy’s supposed corpse, he found it was in a state of suspended animation. He used his computer brain to reconstruct what happened; Superboy struck himself with his own x-ray vision, activating a substance inside his body which put him into suspended animation. So when Lazon’s green K energy hit him, it had no effect since he was already in suspended animation. You’d think green K would be harmful to Superboy no matter what, but who am I to argue with Brainiac 5? Brainy figured the other Legionnaires were probably attacked too, and went around collecting their bodies. He figured Superboy must’ve done super-speed flybys, using his x-ray vision to put them all into suspended animation, thus fooling the Super-Assassins into thinking they were dead. Brainy used the security devices in the wrecked Legion headquarters (which were still operative), to review the Super-Assassins conversation after their triumph; he learned about them blaming the Legionnaires for the destruction of their world, and that they received their powers from someone called the Dark Man, who they now have to serve. You’re probably wondering what miracle substance was present in the Legionnaires’ bodies that allowed them to be put into suspended animation in the first place; Polar Boy asks the same question. Brainy mentions the two clubs the Legionnaires visited last issue, one where they danced in a sensory-deprivation liquid and the other where drugs were pumped into the air to enhance the holographic projections at the club—including a drug used for suspended animation for long space voyages. Superboy knew the chemicals were still present in the Legionnaires’ bodies, so he gambled he could activate them with his x-ray vision and cause them to go into death-like trances. Night Girl wonders how to bring them out of the suspended animation and Brainy says they have to capture the Super-Assassins. The Super-Assassins are celebrating in their hideout when the place starts icing up. They break out to the surface but are soon attacked by giant plants, firestorms, more freezing cold, and large patches of darkness. Inside the darkness, Night Girl uses her super-strength (which only functions in darkness) to pound the Assassins. Neutrax freaks out and crashes his flying chair into some rocks and Titania loses her shit, clawing her way through the plants, fire, and ice, only to get decked by Night Girl. Mist Master is choked off by a force field and Silver Slasher tries to escape by whirling through the ice, but she finally succumbs and ends up frozen. Lazon turns into pure light, but keeps slamming against force fields everywhere he turns until he finally exhausts himself. Blok, still feeling guilty over supposedly killing the Legionnaires, doesn’t even try to fight and Polar Boy ices him up with no problem. Brainiac 5 uses Lazon’s energy to reverse the suspended animation effects and everyone wakes up feeling great. Superboy explains that he turned back to see if Colossal Boy wanted to go with him to the hospital (Remember when Superboy hesitated last issue? I figured that would have some significance.) and overheard the Assassins plotting to kill all of them; he couldn’t warn them without tipping off the Assassins and he couldn’t attack without getting wasted by Lazon’s kryptonite energy (which he conveniently bragged about), so he followed and pulled the suspended animation trick. Superboy vows to help cure Brainiac 5’s madness, since he saved all their lives. We’ll see how that goes next issue.
I have to say, it makes the real Legionnaires look like losers when they got taken out so easily by the Super-Assassins, but the Subs pounded the Assassins with no trouble. They try to cover by saying the Assassins took the Legionnaires by surprise, and the Subs took the Assassins by surprise, but I think the Subs are just better fighters than they’re given credit for. I guess Polar Boy’s boring tactics lectures paid off.
In case you’re wondering about Color Kid’s contribution to the big fight, he’s the one who created the darkness for Night Girl; I guess he colored the air black or something.
Apparently the Super-Assassins were from a planet called Korlon, which these Legionnaires helped evacuate during a disaster a few years back. The Assassins somehow got it into their heads that the Legionnaires caused the disaster and wanted revenge. The Dark Man gave them powers to accomplish that; we’ll be hearing more about him in upcoming issues.
Jonah Hex #27 – “The Wooden Sixgun” – Michael Fleisher/Vicente Alcazar
This one starts in typical Jonah Hex fashion, with Hex blowing away an outlaw and his companions to collect a bounty. A kid (Timothy Walker) sees Hex’s performance and is pretty impressed, even though his father warns him not to make a hero out of a killer like Hex. That night, Hex is camped outside of town when he hears some noise in the bushes. It turns out to be Timothy, whose hero-worship has compelled him to run away from home and track Hex down. Timothy tells Hex he wants to be a gunslinger when he grows up; he even has a wooden gun, which prompts Hex to tell Timothy a story of his own childhood, when he too had a wooden six-gun. We get an extended flashback that starts with Hex running around playing gunslinger with his wooden gun. His father, Woodson (who we’ve already seen, and who we know to be a total prick) calls young Jonah over to give him shit for neglecting his chores. Woodson slaps Jonah around and says he’s going to take care of some business and wants Jonah to do all the chores. Jonah promises he will, but starts playing with his wooden gun again as soon as Woodson leaves. Jonah stumbles across a wounded man behind the homestead, helps him back to the house, and treats his wounds. The guy gives him ten bucks (which astounds Jonah) and Jonah confesses that he recognizes the guy as Bart Mallory, famous stagecoach robber. Mallory notices Jonah’s wooden gun and gives him some advice on being a gunfighter. Someone hammers at the door and it turns out to be a Sheriff named Harper and his posse, looking for Mallory. Jonah bullshits them, saying he hasn’t seen anyone and Harper proves himself to be kind of a crooked bastard when he tells Jonah he’ll give him a whole five dollars (out of a $5000 reward) for any info on Mallory. After Harper leaves, Mallory figures Jonah is a good luck charm and invites him to come along as he robs a bank. Jonah reluctantly agrees and they stop by to see Mallory’s “friend” Lily on the way. I’m not sure if Lily is a hooker or just someone Mallory bangs; either way, he nails her and he and Jonah head for Haverville to rob the bank. But a couple of the Sheriff’s men are watching Lily’s place and report to the Sheriff that Mallory was there. Sheriff Harper threatens to hang Lily if she doesn’t tell him where Mallory’s headed. She says she doesn’t know, but at the last minute she mentions the bank in Haverville. Harper (being an asshole) hangs her anyway and he and his posse head for Haverville. In Haverville, Mallory gives Hex a real gun and tells him to fire some warning shots if he sees any lawmen. Mallory tries to rob the bank, but Harper and his men are laying for him behind the counter and shoot him. Harper threatens to kill Jonah too, but with his last breath, Mallory says he forced Jonah to help him and Harper lets him go. Jonah gets home as fast as possible and hides his gun under the floorboards. Woodson shows up drunk only minutes later and slaps Jonah around again because he didn’t do any of the chores. Jonah practices his fast draw in his room, this time with a real gun. The flashback ends and we see Timothy has fallen asleep listening to Hex’s riveting story. Hex returns him to his parents, telling them not to be too hard on Timothy, since all boys try to grow up faster than nature intended.
The flashback is set in 1849, when Jonah had just turned eleven, meaning Jonah was born in 1838. Fleisher was always pretty consistent with dates in these stories.
Mallory gives young Jonah some practical gunfighting tips, like where to place his thumb while drawing, and to wear his holster lower on his leg.
Apparently Mallory’s bank robbing idea was pretty revolutionary for 1849, as editor Ross Andru informs us that the first successful daylight bank robbery actually took place during the Civil War, almost fifteen years later.
Author M.S. WilsonPosted on April 16, 2018 March 6, 2018 Categories Comics ReviewsTags August 1979, JLA reviews, Jonah Hex reviews, LSH reviews
Previous Previous post: Comics Reviews: Superman 338, Action 498, DC Comics Presents 12
Next Next post: Lost Girl Reviews: Season 5, Episode 7
Comics Reviews: Superman 406, Action 566, DC Comics Presents 80, All-Star Squadron 44, Infinity Inc 13 January 15, 2021
Xena Reviews: Season 1, Episode 3 January 13, 2021
Comics Reviews: Batman 382, Detective 549, Batman & the Outsiders 20, Firestorm 34, Vigilante 16 January 11, 2021
Comics Reviews: Flash 343, Green Lantern 186, Warlord 91 January 8, 2021
Xena Reviews: Season 1, Episode 2 January 6, 2021
Archives Select Month January 2021 (7) December 2020 (13) November 2020 (13) October 2020 (14) September 2020 (13) August 2020 (13) July 2020 (14) June 2020 (13) May 2020 (13) April 2020 (13) March 2020 (14) February 2020 (12) January 2020 (14) December 2019 (13) November 2019 (14) October 2019 (14) September 2019 (13) August 2019 (13) July 2019 (14) June 2019 (13) May 2019 (14) April 2019 (13) March 2019 (13) February 2019 (12) January 2019 (13) December 2018 (13) November 2018 (14) October 2018 (14) September 2018 (13) August 2018 (14) July 2018 (14) June 2018 (14) May 2018 (13) April 2018 (13) March 2018 (13) February 2018 (13) January 2018 (14) December 2017 (13) November 2017 (13) October 2017 (13) September 2017 (14) August 2017 (14) July 2017 (13) June 2017 (13) May 2017 (14) April 2017 (13) March 2017 (15) February 2017 (13) January 2017 (15) December 2016 (3)
Amanja Reads Too Much
Back in the Bronze Age
Bronze Age Babies (Archives)
Mike's Amazing World of Comics
Steve Does Comics
Subnormality
Trekker (by Ron Randall)
Categories Select Category Comics Reviews (421) TV Reviews (207) Uncategorized (25) Writing (2)
1983 Annuals
Action Comics reviews
All-Star Comics reviews
All-Star Squadron reviews
Batman & the Outsiders reviews
Batman reviews
Black Lightning reviews
Brave and Bold reviews
DC Presents reviews
Detective reviews
Firestorm reviews
Flash comics reviews
Green Lantern reviews
Infinity Inc reviews
JLA reviews
Jonah Hex reviews
Legion (Baxter) reviews
Lost Girl reviews
Lost Girl Season 1
LSH reviews
New Teen Titans reviews
New Titans (Baxter) reviews
Superman reviews
Tales of the Legion reviews
Tales of the Teen Titans reviews
Veronica mars reviews
Veronica Mars Season 1
Vigilante reviews
Warehouse 13 reviews
Warehouse 13 Season 1
Warlord reviews
Wonder Woman reviews
© 2016 Erudite Gorilla Michael Wilson All Rights Reserved
The Erudite Gorilla Start a Blog at WordPress.com.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3074
|
__label__cc
| 0.682804
| 0.317196
|
Ricardo Martínez Tourism Cruise Cruises Industry Roatán tourism Infraestructure & Construction Transportation Trujillo ecotourism jobs regional integration unrest Airport Blue Panorama Airlines
in Honduras
Ricardo Martínez Blue Panorama Airlines Carlos Benavides Carlos Bendeck Carnival Corporation
Jun 09 | Honduras: Pier for Cruise Ships Ready by September
May 09 | Honduran Cruise Ship Terminal at Risk
May 09 | Presentation of Plans for Roatán Development
Cruises Industry
May 09 | Honduras: Cruise Ships Return to Roatán
May 09 | Roatan Loses $250 Thousand Daily Due to Protests
Mar 09 | Honduras: Inauguration of Trujillo as a Cruise Ship Port
Nov 08 | Central America -- a single brand
Oct 08 | Tourism project launched in Honduras
Honduras: Pier for Cruise Ships Ready by September
With an investment of $70 million, the construction of the Carnival’s cruise terminal on the island of Roatán is 80% complete.
The developers of Carnival’s pier hope to finish the Project by September.
According to Laprensahn.com, “The Project–which covers 75,000 square feet, includes a commercial area being built to quality specifications that enable it to withstand earthquakes and hurricanes-was visited by international representatives of the cruise industry that have been on the island since the weekend with the purpose of attending the meeting of the Federation of Cruise Lines of the Caribbean and Florida, FCCA.
Honduran Cruise Ship Terminal at Risk
The $300 million project is being affected by problems in obtaining the land for construction of a sanitation plant.
Representatives of the Canadian investors and municipal authorities are in negotiations with locals in the zone destined for the sanitation project, and the outcome of these talks will determine the continuity of the project.
Laprensahn.com reported in an article: "Residents are asking a high price for their properties and others are reluctant to leave their property. They are trying to negotiate with the people of this area, and asking them to consider the importance of this project for our city," said Mayor Luis Lopez.
Presentation of Plans for Roatán Development
The recent incidents have led the Secretary of Tourism to prepare a plan for the development of this tourist destination.
The Minister of Tursimo, Ricardo Martínez, said that among the tasks in the plan is the improvement of security on the island as well as an increase in the number of police.
Competition Among Airlines Brings Down Prices
Flying between San Pedro Sula and the United States is becoming cheaper due to an aggressive and growing market presence by Spirit Airlines.
The consolidation of San Pedro Sula as an economic and commercial center, along with tourism development on the Honduran Caribbean’s north coast, encourages strong competition among the airlines that serve that market.
Honduras: Cruise Ships Return to Roatán
Protests by the island’s inhabitants, which culminated last Saturday, caused a nearly $1 million in losses from cruise cancellations.
After reaching an agreement with Honduran Tourism authorities, the inhabitants of Roatán ended the protests and cruise ships returned to the island.
Roatan Loses $250 Thousand Daily Due to Protests
Cruise ships are canceling their arrivals to the Honduran island because they are unable to operate due to local workers' protests that block the port.
Each cruise ship brings about 300 tourists who spend $74 per day, on average.
Honduras: Inauguration of Trujillo as a Cruise Ship Port
With more than 200 tourists on board, a cruise ship docked in Trujillo Port, in the Honduran Caribbean, for the first time.
Ricardo Martinez, Minister of Tourism, informed Laprensahn.com: "We are planning to exceed the 430 thousand cruise passengers that were received in the whole country last year and at least reach 450 thousand which means more than 160 arrivals by 15 companies. Cruise ships represent nearly 27% of the visitors entering the country."
New Flight, Rome - Roatan
Beginning in June, Blue Panorama Airlines will operate a weekly charter flight between Rome and the Roatan Island in the Honduran Caribbean.
According to a report in the Proceso Digital website, the Honduran Tourism Minister, Ricardo Martinez, stated: "The new agreement with Blue Panorama was reached during the International Tourism Exchange in Milan, which was held last week. During the first stage, there will be 12 weekly flights from Rome beginning next June, at a date to be determined, with the possibility that the route will be permanent."
Central America -- a single brand
At the International Tourism Fair inaugurated today in London, Central America is projecting itself as a combined brand.
On Opening Day of the World Travel market where nations from around the world present their tourism offer, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama share the same presentation and the same purpose: to become a "valuable combination for foreign markets" and take advantage of the fact that "European visitors want to see more than one country" when they fly such a long distance.
Central America promoted as tourist destination
Countries in the region are trying to sell themselves as a tourism "multi-destination" under the banner "Central America, so small...yet so big,"
However, they still have some weaknesses to work on in order to strengthen this economic activity such as greater public investment for tourism promotion and integrating the various tourism offers such as volcanoes, beaches, colonial cities, Ricardo Martinez, Honduran tourism director, pointed out.
Tourism project launched in Honduras
The Minister of Tourism and the mayors of Tegucigalpa, Santa Lucia and Valle de Angeles inaugurated the "Urban Planning Project for the Reales Minas corridor."
The mayor of Tegucigalpa said that the project seeks to identify parks, landscapes and cathedrals and other architectural jewels in the capital in order to integrate them into the corridor that reaches up to San Juancito, so that local and international tourists can choose the destination they would like to visit.
$1 billion for tourist project in Honduras
American real estate company, RKI, presented a tourism development project for the island of Guanaja to the Government of Honduras
RKI (Richard Knorr International) presented the project, called Arrow Green, to the Minister of Tourism for Honduras, Ricardo Martinez, at a meeting of Honduran and American officials and business persons on September 24 in Chicago.
1 - 12, of 12
Tailor made software for construction companies Take Back Your Life. Costa Rica $100,000 Income & Residency Gluten-free food business for sale Heavy Equipment: Reps Wanted
Paseo Campestre Los Castaños Sunny Central America Sophia Tours S.A. de C.V. Aventuras Arenal Bern Hotels & Resorts Agencia de Turismo Panama Center - ATPC Hotel la Condesa Brisas Arenal Costa Rica Adventure Trails Jaguares Tours Adventure
Receive more news about Tourism
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3080
|
__label__wiki
| 0.509519
| 0.509519
|
RU EN PL UK
(057)737-10-80, (093)514-80-80, (095)514-80-80, (097)514-80-80 - Viber
Kharkov, st. Plekhanovskaya, 65, Metalist-Arena, of. 323, 324, 326
(0342) 71-56-80, (093) 514-80-80 (0342) 71-56-80, (097) 514-80-80
Reception of groups in Kharkov
Excursions around Kharkov and around Kharkov
Walking tours around Kharkov
Tours in the Kharkov region, outdoor recreation
Interactive tours of the new generation
Calendar-ritual excursions, entertainment
Corporate trips to the sea
Excursions in Eastern Ukraine
Tours in Southern Ukraine
Tours in Western Ukraine + Europe
Tours in Central Ukraine
Tours to the Carpathians
Multicolored vacation. Tours for children groups
Health camps
Events. Holidays, birthdays, corporate parties
Personal Tours
Ski tours to the Carpathians
All group tours around Ukraine from Kharkov
Weekly tours in Ukraine from 2 people
Personal reception in Kharkov from 2 people
Tours around the world
Tours to Europe
Holidays around the world. Tour Search
Hot tours abroad
Extreme rest in Kharkov
Seasonal tours, holidays
Valentine's Day Tours 2021
Tours on 8 March 2021
Tours to the Pancake Week 2021
Tours for the May holidays 2021
Rest in the Carpathians. Hotels, gardens
SPA. Thermal resorts of the world
Sanatoriums of Ukraine
Winter programs, excursions, entertainment
By bus in Kharkiv and region
By bus in Ukraine
A train across Ukraine
Visiting of productions, master classes, tastings
Recommended for younger schoolchildren
Theatricals, games, quests
Visiting holy places and religious objects
Recommended all year round
Excursion novelties
"Sweet" excursions and tours
Representation in the Carpathians
Valkovskoe representation
For group customers
Work with travel agencies
Sights of Ukraine
News from the world of tourism
Uman - the arboretum "Sofiyivka"
Uman is a city in the Cherkasy region of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Uman district. Located at the confluence of the Kamenka and Umanka rivers. The population is 87,7 thousand inhabitants (2007). Among the sights of the city: Sophia Park.
Was built by Count Potocki for his wife Sophia. Many picturesque corners that delight the eyes with their beauty are in the world. One of these, worthy of great surprise, is also with us, in Ukraine. He is rightly called the "pearl of Ukraine", and from 2007 he is referred to one of the seven wonders of Ukraine. We are talking about the state dendrological park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
It is located in the ancient city of Uman, which is famous for its history, as well as the infamous Haydamak revolt, about which the outstanding son of Ukraine, TG Shevchenko, wrote in his poem "Haidamaki". Those who have ever visited this picturesque corner of Ukraine will never be able to forget the beauty and mysterious charm of this area, enveloped in secrets and legends ... Sofiyivka is a poem of stone, water, greenery and sculptures.
Created by the Polish tycoon S. Potocki as a gift to the beautiful wife - the Greek of Sofia. In the wonder park, the story of Hellas, the birthplace of Sophia, is recreated. Each corner of the park is covered with myths and legends of ancient Greece and romantic stories from Potocki's family life. Umanskiy park "Sofiyivka" is a masterpiece of the world landscape art of the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX centuries. It stretches over an area of 154,7 hectares on the sidelines of the city of Uman. It still amazes visitors today with its unique beauty and enigmatic romanticism.
Many legends are also composed about Uman, one of the oldest cities in Ukraine. A city of heroic and long-suffering destiny. They owned the Polish gentry, it was destroyed by the Tatars and Turks, but it rose again and again from the ashes. In Uman still find the remains of underground dungeons, which served as a refuge for local residents and original fortifications. Another feature of Uman is that it is the center of the meeting of the Jews. Thousands of believing Hasidim from many countries of the world annually, every year during the celebration of Rosh Hapan (Jewish New Year), which takes place at the end of September, make a pilgrimage to Uman, where the leader of the Bratslav Hasidim Rabbi Lachman from Bratslav is buried.
Order tour
Most popular in the section
Uman is a city in the Cherkasy region of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Uman district. Located at the confluence of the Kamenka and Umanka rivers. Population…
Yasinya village, Carpathians
Yasinya is a fairly large Hutsul village. It is located far from the big cities, not far from the Heart of the Carpathians - Mount Hoverla, as well as from ...
Light and music fountain in Vinnitsa
The light-musical fountain Roshen is an amazing piece of engineering art - a gift of the Confectionery Corporation Roshen to the city of Vinnitsa ...
Museum of Modern Art "Pinchuk Art Center"
Pinchuk Art Center (Pinchuk Art Center) is located in the old architectural ensemble of the Kiev Bessarabsky quarter, which was restored ...
Park of sanatorium "Aivazovsky" in Partenit
Park "Aivazovskoe" (Partenit, Crimea) is open to all those who wish to enjoy the beauty from March. And in the early spring there already is something to see. ...
Skovorodinovka. Homestead
ORDER / CHOOSE TOUR / REST
Where do you want to go / where to rest?
Start of the tour
Amount of days
Transport Air Bus Train Combined No travel
What city do you live in
Wishes for the tour
Sofievsky dendropark, Uman
Do you want to keep abreast of all the news and not miss interesting tours?
Subscribe to the newsletter and you will be the first to know about our offers!
© 2010-2020, "Navigator Ukraine"
What city do you live in*
Receive newsletter for for individual tourists for children's groups for corporate customers for travel agencies
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3082
|
__label__cc
| 0.69073
| 0.30927
|
EU to force Netflix on content details
Recently, the EU has decided to force Netflix to let people watch any film in the EU no matter which country the user resides in.
The European Parliament is currently finishing legalising a legislation that would allow people to access their online media such as films, music and games from their own country. At the moment it is very difficult and next to impossible to accomplish this in Europe due to restrictions that companies like Netflix place that block the use of VPN’s and other services.
When the legislation is passed, the Parliament will stop content providers from using an IP address to locate where customers are streaming from. According to the EU, providers will now have to take “reasonable and proportionate measures,” which could include checking electronic identification, payment details, public tax information and postal address details.
The new laws are being made so that people can enjoy their content no matter where they are, be it at home or traveling through Germany and France, however it could also force companies to open current restrictions that they have placed which keep people from watching films from other countries, even if the user is not traveling. Until recently, Netflix and other companies have harshly enforced their rules of keeping users from using VPN’s which would allow customers to see movies from other libraries.
The EU stated that they made the decision because almost half of all EU internet users streamed music and watch films off of the internet. They also stated that they expect more people will use the ability to stream off any country when roaming charges come to an end throughout Europe which would allow people to use their normal data plan anywhere on the continent.
In order for the rules to be officially recognized they will still have to be approved by the Legal Affairs Committee, Parliament as a whole and the European Council before they will be enforced.
16-Year Old Used His Flight Lessons to Deliver Medical Supplies to Hospitals
Hallmark Gives Away two Million Cards
Breakthrough in depression treatment at Stanford University
How Corona Virus is Effecting negatively on many lives
A roller coaster week for Wall Street
Washington Passes Ban on Gay and Trans Panic
Best Buddy Ski Trip
Cruise Passengers off San Francisco Coast Await Corona Virus Test Results
Do the mask Help?
Bikers Against Child Abuse
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3089
|
__label__cc
| 0.713757
| 0.286243
|
Stephen A Maisto
Syracuse University, Department of Psychology
11893 Citations
Press and Media (25)
Dive into the research topics where Stephen A Maisto is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Drinking Medicine & Life Sciences
alcohol Social Sciences
HIV Medicine & Life Sciences
Veterans Medicine & Life Sciences
22 Finished
PTSD, AUD, and Interpersonal Conflict: Within-person Associations
Maisto, S. A.
National Institutes of Health/DHHS, University of South Dakota
Racial Differences in Developmental and Daily Sleep-Alcohol Associations in Youth
Park, A. & Maisto, S. A.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism/NIH/DHHS
Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for HIV-infected At-risk Drinkers
Maisto, S. A. & Woolf-King, S.
Working Towards Efficacious Preventive Interventions for Alcohol-Related HIV/AIDS
National Institutes of Health/DHHS
U13 Conference - Year 2
View all 31 grants
A conceptual model of alcohol use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and theoretical implications for mechanisms of action
Woolf-King, S., Sheinfil, A. Z., Ramos, J., Foley, J. D., Moskal, D., Firkey, M., van der Kellen Mendes, D. & Maisto, S. A., 2020, (Accepted/In press) In: Health Psychology Review.
Psychological Theory
Alcoholic Intoxication
A Procedure for Changing a Behavioral Health Treatment During a Trial, with Case Example in Suicide Prevention
Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R. & Maisto, S. A., Apr 2 2020, In: Archives of Suicide Research. 24, 2, p. 285-300 16 p.
A randomized clinical trial of a group cognitive–behavioral therapy to reduce alcohol use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients in western Kenya
Papas, R. K., Gakinya, B. N., Mwaniki, M. M., Lee, H., Keter, A. K., Martino, S., Klein, D. A., Liu, T., Loxley, M. P., Sidle, J. E., Schlaudt, K., Nafula, T., Omodi, V. M., Baliddawa, J. B., Kinyanjui, D. W. & Maisto, S. A., 2020, (Accepted/In press) In: Addiction.
Association of Alcohol Screening Scores With Adverse Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Among US Adults
Khan, M. R., Young, K. E., Caniglia, E. C., Fiellin, D. A., Maisto, S. A., Marshall, B. D. L., Edelman, E. J., Gaither, J. R., Chichetto, N. E., Tate, J., Bryant, K. J., Severe, M., Stevens, E. R., Justice, A. & Braithwaite, S. R., Mar 2 2020, In: JAMA Network Open. 3, 3, p. e200895
Can Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery Include Some Heavy Drinking? A Replication and Extension up to 9 Years Following Treatment
Witkiewitz, K., Pearson, M. R., Wilson, A. D., Stein, E. R., Votaw, V. R., Hallgren, K. A., Maisto, S. A., Swan, J. E., Schwebel, F. J., Aldridge, A., Zarkin, G. A. & Tucker, J. A., Sep 1 2020, In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 44, 9, p. 1862-1874 13 p.
The Alcohol-Pain Connection: Mechanisms and Genetic/Psychological Correlates
1 item of Media coverage
SUMMER FELLOWSHIPS HELP DOCTORAL CANDIDATES FOCUS ON FINISHING DISSERTATION
Melissa M Luke, Linda C Ivany, Shobha K Bhatia, Brian K Martens, Young Bai Moon, Barry D Davidson, John W Tillotson, Christopher R Decorse, Robert A Rubinstein, Stephen A Maisto, Kelly Chandler-Olcott, Dimitar Gueorguiev, Jing Lei, Joseph W Ditre, Audie Klotz, Amy Criss, Jason Wiles, Jay Henderson, Suzanne L Baldwin, Jay Hubisz, Colin Elman, Jennifer Stromer-Galley, Dalia Rodriguez, Zunli Lu, Peter A Vanable, Miriam Fendius Elman, Alan Foley, George Theoharis, Weiwei Zheng & Heidi Hehnly
'Stepped' treatment reduces drinking in patients with HIV
Yale University: 'Stepped' Treatment Reduces Drinking in Patients With HIV
‘Stepped’ treatment reduces drinking in patients with HIV
View all 25 press and media
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3091
|
__label__wiki
| 0.802183
| 0.802183
|
Networked Heritage
The RSA
Heritage is central to how places feel and function. Heritage can be a valuable tool for community engagement and cohesion, but different approaches are needed to ensure that heritage better reflects and includes those from less affluent and minority backgrounds. Jonathan Schifferes is an Associate Director at the RSA. His focus is on public services, communities, and the built environment.
http://www.thersa.org/heritage
Jonathan Schifferes
5 principles of networked heritage
Concrete and Culture: A Material History
The Bartlett, University College London
Company Voluntary Arrangements: Evaluating Success and Failure
Peter Walton considers the reasons for the ‘success’ or ‘failure’ of company voluntary arrangements (“CVAs”) and to investigate…
Policy making for global food security in a VUCA world
Amir Sharif discusses the uncertainties associated with food security and, in doing so, classifies them within the context…
Building Types and Built Forms
Building Types and Built Forms weaves two books together in alternating chapters: one about the history of building…
University College London,
The QUiPP App: a safe alternative to a treat-all strategy for threatened preterm labor.
The QUiPP app is a clinical decision-making tool with the potential to revolutionise preterm birth predict for women…
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3093
|
__label__cc
| 0.592138
| 0.407862
|
Noelle Connell January 12, 2016 Bechdel, Russo, and Race Test, K-drama, TV
The Bechdel, Russo, and Race Test: Cheese in the Trap – Season 1, Episode 3
Seol tried to apologize to Jung on Cheese in the Trap, episode 3, but he refused to speak to her. Seol felt bad about their falling out, but she didn’t dwell on it for too long as she had to complete an important school project that would determine whether or not she would receive a scholarship.
Episode 3 did not pass the Russo test but the episode did pass the Bechdel and race test.
Disheartened by the D she got on her project and input she received from her professor and friend, Seol walks home by herself, and unbeknownst to her, Jung trails behind her.
Episode 3 did not pass the Russo test, and the episode did not pass this test because there were no LGBTI characters in episode 3. The episode did, however, pass the Bechdel test.
Episode 3 passed the Bechdel test because of the many times that named women talked to each other in episode 3, there were several instances where men weren’t mentioned. The episode also passed the race test (and easily so at that), and the episode passed this test because the entire cast was Asian and none of the characters ever mentioned White people.
Posted in Bechdel, Russo, and Race Test, K-drama, TV and tagged Bechdel, Cheese in the Trap, K-drama, Race Test, TV, Vito Russo. Bookmark the permalink.
The Bechdel, Russo, and Race Test: Remember – Season 1, Episode 8
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3099
|
__label__cc
| 0.611055
| 0.388945
|
Inaugural Virtual Festival Quality Goods Exports Goes Around the Globe
Kaelyn Gray / April 30, 2020
Virtual Festivals
Photos provided by Quality Goods Records
In celebration of its four year anniversary of Quality Goods Records, label-founder UZ will launch his inaugural virtual festival: Quality Goods Exports. The event will commence with a two weekend long run, May 7th-9th and May 14th-16th. Each night featuring three artist sets, with one headliner and two stellar supporting acts (including the man, UZ, himself).
Entering 2020 with over 200 prior releases, UZ has been unpredictable with the musical territories he has explored within the past eight years. He has gone by many aliases in the past, including house/garage artist Plezier and World Champion Turntablist DJ Troubl. Under his UZ project, he has also collaborated with various artists in and outside of the electronic realm such as Ice Cube, Boyz Noize, T-Pain, Rome Fortune and DJ Shadow.
UZ began Quality Goods Records in April of 2016. Since its inception, artists who have released via the imprint include Tascione, Ian Munro, Oski, Kyral x Banko, sumthin sumthing, and more. Since the beginning, UZ has valued quality over quantity, releasing music from talented producers of all sizes.
True to its belief that music should never be limited by any type of border or barrier, Quality Goods Exports‘s setlist showcases well-established artists and underground favorites from around the globe of all sizes. Performing artists on this stacked international lineup include UZ (France), Aedan (France), Basstrick (France), Bishu (USA), BeauDamian (Netherlands), Chris Dogzout (France), Cozway (Canada), Dabow (Argentina), GANZ (Netherlands), Haan808 (New Zealand), Holly (Portugal), Hoodlit (USA), HWLS (USA), Ian Munro (Australia), Perk Pietrek (Singapore), Sfam (USA), Tapecut (Russia), and Twerl (Australia).
This international virtual collaboration doesn’t stop with the artists though. Quality Goods is partnering up with promoters, media and venue partners around the globe such as Disco Donnie (USA), Chinese Laundry & Biscuit factory (AU), Allo Floride (EU), SHFT Asia (China) and Run The Trap (USA). With the distinctive word inaugural included within the announcement, it’s looking hopeful that this free virtual festival will have its round two next year, despite if the world happens to come back to life by then or not. As normal everyday life returns and venues re-open, many are concerned that livestreams will become a thing of the past. While I don’t want to knock on wood, the fact Quality Good is calling this inaugural instills a lot of hope.
Fans can tune in to this virtual festival via Twitch, the Quality Goods Records’s Facebook page and all other partners’ channels. Learn more about Quality Goods Exports here.
Follow Quality Goods Records: SoundCloud / Facebook / Facebook Fan Group / Instagram / Twitter
Tags: Aedan Basstrick Bishu Dabow Holly Hoodlit Quality Goods Export Quality Goods Records Twitch UZ Virtual Festival
© 2021 Festival Squad. All Rights Reserved.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3100
|
__label__wiki
| 0.868072
| 0.868072
|
Gimme Some More - Various - Knights Of The MCs Vol. 1 (CD)
Asher Roth. Arab Money. Young Money Millionaire, Pt. White Van Music. Jake One. We the Best. We Made It [U. We Made It. We Global. Tropical Thunder. Touch It, Vol. Mista Rello. The Quilt. Gym Class Heroes. The Preview. The Hit List, Vol. DJ Arson. The Confessional. Bishop Lamont. Tha Carter III. Street Wars, Vol. Promo Only: Mainstream Radio January Patches from the Quilt EP.
Massive Weekend. Made in the Streetz. Hustle or Die. Let's Get Physical. Elephant Man. Kiss Presents the Mixtape [1 CD]. I Produced That. Hip Hop: The Collection Hip Hop the Collection: The Classics. Got Snow, Pt. DJ 31 Degreez. Gangsta Grillz: The Preview. Gangsta Grillz Volume DJ Drama. Essential Festival: Pink. Don't Touch Me. Disco Estrella, Vol. De La Soul. Da Bottom, Vol. Young Buck. Christmas Hits. Channel Black Milk. Bravo Hip Hop History, Vol. Blessed [Not Released].
Amillionair O. DJ Souljah. Amerikaz Most Wanted. Alle Hits! Die 90er. Work That. Main Personnel. Twice as Nice: Urban Classics. The Vatican Mixtape, Vol. The G-Unit Radio, Pt. The Best of the Roots. Running Your Mouth. The Notorious B. DJ Cobra.
Pop Hits Inna Reggae, Vol. Polluted Water. Additional Personnel, Primary Artist. Part 3: When the North and South Collide. Part 2: When the North and South Collide. Oh My God. Mark Ronson. Now Party Hits! It's Me Snitches. DJ Clue? I Got It from My Mama. Main Personnel, Primary Artist. How to Be an MC, Vol. Hip Hop, Vol.
Hip Hop Classics [Universal]. H-Town to the A-Town. Greatest Hits. Free at Last. Boss King, Southern Lean, Vol. Big Summer Tunes. Annual Compilation Alive Daft Punk. Year of the Dog Westwood Ride with the Big Dawg. Urban Weekend. Ultimate Best of Hip Hop. Tribute to Busta Rhymes.
Touch the Sky. Clinton Sparks. Touch It. Primary Artist, Composer, Vocals. Thrivemix, Vol. Vic Latino. The Shining. Guest Artist, Composer, Primary Artist. The Ruler. The Pink Album. The Champions: North Meets South. The Big Bang. The Roots. Additional Personnel, Rap, Primary Artist.
The Crown. Primary Artist, Featured Artist. Southern Smoke Three 6 Mafia. Alicia Keys. Songs You Know: Hip Hop. Slow Motion, Vol. Rhino Hi-Five: Rap, Vol. Rhino Hi-Five: Busta Rhymes. Pop Yearbook New Crack City. Much Dance Living Legend.
I Love My Chick [ 2]. I Love My Chick. I Love My Bitch. Hip Hop: The Collection, Vol. Hi-Teknology 2. Heavy Rotation Allstar Compilation, Vol. Have You Seen? Everybody Come On. Doctor's Advocate. Big Boi.
Da Bottom Vol. Trick Daddy. Cut Up or Shut Up. Coolsweat, Vol. Club Bangers. Best of Black Alive on Arrival. World of Gangsta Rap, Vol.
Where's Your Money. Whatever: The '90s Pop and Culture Box. Wanna Love You Girl. Robin Thicke. Wait The Whisper Song. Ying Yang Twins. Usual Suspects, Vol. Uninvited Guests: The Saga Continues. DJ Amnesty. Ultimate Ultimate Hip Hop 30th Anniversary. Still United. The Documentary. TVT Records Certified.
The Pussycat Dolls. Primary Artist, Vocals. Maybe You Been Brainwashed. Kiss Presents Hip Hop Classics 2. For the Nasty. Fire and Glory. Kardinal Offishall. Everything Remains Raw. Don't Cha. Culture Club, Vol. Bring It!
Best in Gansta Hip Hop. All That Hip-Hop. What's Happenin'. Weapons of Mass Destruction. Guest Artist, Primary Artist. DJ Revolution. Victory Urban Explosion. Tonearm Terrorwrist.
DJ Rectangle. Tical 0: The Prequel. The Jump Off. Categories Most Popular Karaoke I sell! Shipping and handling. This item will ship to Russian Federation , but the seller has not specified shipping options. Contact the seller - opens in a new window or tab and request a shipping method to your location. Shipping cost cannot be calculated. Please enter a valid postal code.
There are 1 items available. Please enter a number less than or equal to 1. Select a valid country. Please enter 6 digits for the postal code. Domestic handling time. Return policy. The seller will not accept returns for this item. Payment details. Subliminal Song Edition track The New World track 4. Must Be a Reason Why… track King of My Castle track Music Matters track 7. Time to Burn track CD 2 composer: Finn Bjarnson track Armin van Buuren track Jaren Cerf track Benno de Goeij track Tamra Keenan track Ryan Raddon track Bruce Springsteen track Finn Bjarnson track Patti Smith track Thomas Alisson track 5.
John Barry film composer; known for James Bond track 6. Fatboy Slim track 6. Ralf Kappmeier track 5. Scott Mescudi track 1. Sascha Lappessen track 5. Two CDs, 44 tracks, highly recommended The Ray-Vacs were formed in the late 40s in Newark, NJ when the old guard of vocal groups was making way for younger groups like the Ravens and Orioles.
Many of their tracks feature fine sax solos from member Leoparte "Chink" Kinney. In addition to all 36 tracks by the Ray-O-Vacs recorded between and it also features the 12 solo tracks recorded by Lester Harris in and ' Superb sound and informative notes from Bob Fisher. In addition to solo recordings under his own name it includes him with the doo wop groups The Chavelles. Valiants and The Esquires.
It includes several sides recorded for Atlantic in produced by Phil Spector. Between and they produced about singles - quite a few that have become all time favorites. Recordings were made at the famed Cosimo Matassa studio featuring the top sidemen in the city accompanying a slew of great vocalists. It also includes a previously unissued solo demo of Tipitina which is pretty ragged but fun as well as a demo of Johnny Adams' I Won't Cry that was previously on a Rounder set.
All tracks have been remastered from original master tapes and sound fabulous and there is a 16 page illustrated boklet with notes on all the artists.
Back In Stock. Coming Soon. DJ Charts. Juno Recommends. Today's Offers. Gift Vouchers. All Genres. Rock All. Studio Equipment. Techno All. Techno Hard Techno. Deep House. DJ Equipment. Drum And Bass. UK Garage. DJ equipment. Vinyl DJ accessories. Digital DJ accessories. DJ lighting. DJ spare parts. Computer accessories. Studio equipment. Drum machines. Studio headphones. Digital recorders. Guitar accessories. Studio accessories. GBP My Language. Wishlist Log in to view your wishlist. Items in wishlist:.
Items in cart:. Play All. Sort Artist. Items 1 to 50 of on page 1 of People also bought Digital Zandoli gatefold heavyweight vinyl 2xLP. Heavenly Sweetness France.
Where do they find them all? Heavenly Sweetness clearly know but they ain't telling! They are showing though, and here on Digital Zandoli they reveal 12 newly discovered disco, boogie and zouk tracks recorded about 30 years ago in the West Indies. We're clearly spoilt for choice on this record, but highlights include the synthetic sea breeze grooves of Puzzle Pulsion's "Mwoin Ka Songe", the mellow Afro grooves of Zanman's "Poutchi" and the abstract body music via a sandy beach vibes of OR EA's "Biguine Inferno".
Digital Zandoli 2 gatefold 2xLP.
Busta Rhymes. Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr., (born May 20, ), better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes, is an American rapper, producer and actor.
About : Kazrabar
9 thoughts on “Gimme Some More - Various - Knights Of The MCs Vol. 1 (CD)”
Dorn says:
View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the CD release of Knights Of The MC's Vol. 1 on Discogs/5(9).
Fektilar says:
Discover releases, reviews, songs, credits, and more about Knights Of The MC's Vol. 1 at Discogs. Shop Vinyl and CDs and complete your collection/5(29).
Shakakasa says:
“Gimme Some More” is the Grammy–nominated lead single American rapper Busta Rhymes released from his third solo album E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front. It is often considered to be the very summit of Busta's complex, breathless, high-speed rhyming delivery most prominent in his early work. The song was produced by regular Busta collaborator DJ flakowalabemununalarmelniggbal.co: CD single, CD maxi single, 12".
Shaktibei says:
Various – A Knight's Tale (Music From The Motion Picture) Label: Columbia – , Sony Music Soundtrax – /5(7).
Youngbloods – Got Me Burnin' Up / Gimme Some More Various – Bootcamp Various – Happy Trax VI R.A.S.E., The – The Ron Allen Sound Experience Tyree* – T's Revenge It Takes A Thief Vitamin B – You Make Me Feel Da Rebels – Basic Essentials Dee Man* – Vol. I E.P. Blunted Dummies – House For All.
Mikasa says:
"Gimme Some More" is a song written by James Brown and recorded by his band, The J.B.'s. Released as a single on People Records, it charted No. 11 R&B and No. 67 Pop. Its lyrics consist solely of the song title, chanted by the whole band throughout the record.
Voodoojar says:
Various Artists - Hits: The Best Rock & Roll Album / Various [New. $ $ MILLENNIUM SUPER CD+G VOLUME #1 MI 1 I'll Be There For You Rembrandts MI Gimme Some More Busta Rhymes MI No Scrubs TLC MI Real Love Mary J. Blige.
Mezil says:
Gimme Some More Lyrics: Yeah, as a shorty, playing in the front yard of the crib / Fell down, and I bumped my head / Somebody helped me up and asked me if I bumped my head / I said, "Yeah" / So.
Mazuru says:
Crazy Elephant is always listed among the One-Hit Wonders of music and, I suppose, if one only goes by the name of the group, that is so. But two of the principals involved also had a Top 40 hit in as The Kasenetz-Katz Singing Orchestral Circus (Quick Joey Small (Run,Joey, Run) which reached # 25 as Buddah 64), while the lead vocalist on the one Crazy Elephant hit was Robert Spencer who /5(19).
Music Alive - Jan Terri - High Risk (File, Album)
Elenore - Various - Bringing On Back The Good Times: Unforgettable Memories From The 60s & 70s (CD)
Apache - Ricky King - Ricky King (Vinyl, LP, Album)
Mister Garfield - Art Thieme - On The Wilderness Road (Vinyl, LP, Album)
Uncle Pen - Various - The Sound Of Nashville (Vinyl, LP)
Mazut on Gimme Some More - Various - Knights Of The MCs Vol. 1 (CD)
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3103
|
__label__wiki
| 0.57812
| 0.57812
|
Latest Italian car news & updates
New Fiat 500X: The Next Generation Crossover
by Jason King August 27 2018 1438 AMORE?
Fiat’s 500x crossover has all-new look, technology and engines
The Fiat 500X, the original Italian crossover, has been updated inside and out with new looks and technology to satisfy a driver’s every needs. It’s available with a choice of three trim levels, Urban, City Cross and Cross, three petrol engines, including two brand new more efficient turbo petrol engines, and now comes with a host of safety assistance systems as standard across the range. The new Fiat 500X is on sale now priced from £16,995 OTR.
Refreshed functionality and more 500 personality
The new Fiat 500X has evolved to become even more modern and functional as it introduces new comfort and safety features, while adding even more 500 family style.
New daylight running lights and LED rear light clusters are standard across the range, bring it even closer to the look of the rest of the 500 family. Standard on the Cross Plus, and optionally available on other trims, are the new LED headlights, made in partnership with Magneti Marelli. The LED daytime running lights give the front of the new Fiat 500X a clear, distinctive visual identity, while at the rear LED light clusters make the car even more recognisable, as well as increasing its visibility and safety on the road. As well as adding unmistakable 500 style, the LED headlights offer more powerful lighting, improving visibility, consume five times less energy than traditional halogens and reduce eye fatigue thanks to daylight-like illumination and covering a wider area. At a speed of 56mph obstacles can be spotted up to four seconds sooner – which is a distance of 100m -than with the standard halogen units.
Reasserting their distinct identities, the new exterior design highlights the two personalities of the model – the new Urban look features an all-new front and rear bumper design to make tackling city traffic chic, while the new Cross look adds new-look protective skid plates for taking on adventures.
Compact outside and roomy inside, its spacious and protective environment is embellished with the use of premium materials, high-quality finishes and handy storage compartments. The comfortable interior is unmistakably Italian in its style, and comes with a choice of seven different finishes in a choice of fabrics and colours, a wide range of seat settings and a roomy boot. The completely restyled cockpit features a new instrument cluster, with graphics that are now even easier to read, together with a new steering wheel which is contoured to ensure better positioning of the driver’s hands, provides perfect grip in Techno-leather upholstery and includes integrated radio controls. The instrument panel maintains its arrangement into three circular elements, in familiar 500 style, blending vintage looks with modern technology. Two analogue dials with speedometer and tachometers are arranged on the sides, while the 3.5-inch TFT display in the middle provides key information to the driver.
Next-generation petrol engines
The new Fiat 500X is the first Fiat model to fit the latest innovative family of turbo engines, designed to strike the right balance for customers between the driving performance and economy. Euro 6D compliant and fitted with Gasoline Particle Filter (GPF), the new turbo engines are the result of over 75,000 hours of virtual tests, 60,000 hours of real-life off-vehicle tests and 5 million kilometres clocked up on roads worldwide to confirm their robustness and reliability.
Developed on a modular structure with 0.33 litre cylinder unit, the new front-wheel drive turbo petrol engine line-up includes a three-cylinder 1.0-litre powerplant that delivers 120hp and 190Nm of torque and is paired with a six-speed manual transmission, as well as a four-cylinder 1.3-litre engine with 150hp and 270Nm of torque, in this case combined with six-speed dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT).
Their architecture guarantees efficiency, modularity, a high degree of component and production process standardisation, flexibility and openness to future evolutions. The new engines are made entirely from aluminium alloy, ensuring unbeatable lightness (the three-cylinder version weighs just 93kg), while the cylinder block, developed in partnership with Teksid, is in high-pressure die-cast aluminium alloy, with a bedplate architecture for the best combination of ride, weight and structural performance.
The use of many innovative technical characteristics contribute to improving performance and maximising driving comfort, such as direct fuel injection to maximise volumetric efficiency and the low inertia turbocharger controlled by an electrically operated wastegate actuator which, combined with a supercharger module water-cooled directly in the intake manifold, ensures a faster response and swift acceleration. The new turbo engines also optimise combustion efficiency through continual control of intake valve opening and timing. The specific intake and exhaust cam profiles improve low load efficiency by recycling exhaust gas through advance opening of the intake valves. When higher power is required, the engine reduces the real compression ratio by delaying valve closure, controlling knock and substantially improving fuel efficiency, even at the highest loads.
The range of petrol engines in the new Fiat 500X is completed by the entry level 110hp 1.6 E-Torq, combined with manual transmission and front-wheel drive, which is now upgraded to meet the Euro 6D pollution reduction standard and now features Start & Stop as standard.
Peace of mind with the most innovative driving assist systems
In addition to style, rich contents and remarkable comfort, the new Fiat 500X offers customers a safe and connected driving experience thanks to the inclusion of safety assistance systems and the latest infotainment technology. Traffic Sign Recognition, Speed Advisor and Lane Assist are now offered as standard on all versions of the new Fiat 500X. In addition Blind Spot Alert, Adaptive Cruise Control and City Brake Control can be optionally specified.
The new Traffic Sign Recognition system uses a camera mounted on the inside of the windscreen to read the speed limits on road signs along the journey. The data is then sent, in real time, to the instrument cluster display where it alerts the driver to the limits to be complied with. Speed Advisor works with the Speed Limiter, when activated, to adapt the speed of the car to the speed limit detected by the Traffic Sign Recognition system. It identifies the current speed limit and, at the click of a button, the Speed Advisor reduces the car’s speed.
Lane Assist uses the optical sensor in the camera to identify the position of the car in relation to the lane markings on the road surface. If the car strays out of the lane, without the driver having indicated in that direction, the system triggers a visual alarm and applies additional torque to the steering wheel to counteract the unintended lane change. Lane Assist operates at speeds between 37mph and 112mph and can be activated by the driver.
A number of optional safety features are also available:
Adaptive Cruise Control can be activated for automatic reduction of the set speed when the car is approaching the vehicle ahead in the same lane, or when another vehicle moves into the same lane. It returns to the set speed when the vehicle in front accelerates or moves to another lane and operates from a speed of 18mph.
The City Brake Control function on the new Fiat 500X can recognise obstacles in the path of the car and brake automatically if the driver does not take action to prevent a collision.
The Blind Spot Alert use radar sensors to assist drivers during lane changes and when overtaking or being overtaken by vehicles out of their angle of vision. The system warns the driver of vehicles in blind spots via illuminating icons on the door mirrors and a beep, or when reversing out of a parking space it identifies vehicles arriving from either side.
State-of-the-art connectivity as standard
Making the smartest solutions, which simplify and improve life at the wheel, affordable for all, is at the heart of the Fiat brand’s mission. With this in mind, all versions of the new Fiat 500X come with the UconnectTM 7-inch HD LIVE touchscreen system, complete with Apple CarPlay integration and Android AutoTM compatibility as standard.
This next-generation UconnectTM system comes complete with high-resolution 7-inch touchscreen, Bluetooth hands-free interface, audio streaming, text reader and voice recognition function, Aux and USB ports with iPod integration and controls on the steering wheel, all as standard. By downloading the free UconnectTM LIVE app from the App Store or Google Play Store, drivers can fully exploit the benefits of UconnectTM LIVE, which includes music streaming with Deezer and TuneIn, news from Reuters, connected navigation with TomTom LIVE and they can keep in touch with friends via Facebook Check-in and Twitter. Eco:Drive and my:Car also allow drivers to monitor their driving style to improve the economy and running costs of their car. The system can be further enhanced with an optional Parkview rear parking camera and new TomTom 3D integrated navigation system.
The integration of Apple CarPlay and Android AutoTM offers the smartest and safest way to use the functions of a phone while driving. Apple CarPlay shows road directions optimised according to traffic conditions and it can be used to make phone calls, send and receive messages and play music while remaining focused on the road. Apple CarPlay also works with other apps on your iPhone, such as like your favourite audio, messaging, and voice apps. CarPlay features Siri voice control and is specially designed for driving scenarios. The system is compatible with Android AutoTM, as well, to continue the Android experience in the car, by “projecting” apps and services of the central display, and is designed to make retrieving information while driving easy and safe. The driver can use Google MapsTM to obtain route guidance and easily access music, multimedia contents and their favourite messaging apps. Easy, immediate interaction with devices guarantees the convenience of maintaining the same operating system even in the car, for constantly connected and safe driving. When you connect your Android smartphone to the vehicle or the compatible stereo system, the Android Auto apps appear on the vehicle’s display. To learn more about Android Auto compatible, visit support.google.com/androidauto.
Android Auto, Google Play and Google Maps are trademarks of Google LLC.
Apple CarPlay is a registered trademark of Apple Inc
Complete range for all mobility needs
The new Fiat 500X is available with a choice of three trim levels, Urban, City Cross and Cross, and three petrol engines. Customers will have a choice of 14 different colours, including the new tricoat Ivory, metallic Blue Italia and Techno Green. A choice of 17 and 18-inch wheels and seven interior configurations will allow customers to make the Fiat 500X their own.
In Urban trim level, the Fiat 500X come with a comprehensive standard equipment list including LED DRL and rear lights, 16-inch alloy wheels, Techno-leather steering wheel, new instrument panel with 7-inch Uconnect with Apple Car Play and Android Auto and double USB port, manual air conditioning, Cruise Control, electric parking brake and 60/40 split rear seat. The standard equipment is completed by the new Traffic Sign Recognition and Speed Advisor driving assist systems, as well as Lane Assist system, 6 airbags and Electronic Stability Control (ESC).
The City Cross version builds on the Urban trim adding the off-road look, enhanced by 17-inch alloy wheels, satin chrome inserts and body-coloured door mirrors. Front fog lights, 3.5-inch colour TFT monitor, automatic climate control and rear parking sensors complete the trim. The top-of-the-range Cross Plus version adds LED headlights, 18-inch alloy wheels, roof bars and dark tinted rear windows. Inside, it adds TomTom navigation to the 7-inch touchscreen, along with Parkview rear parking camera, dusk sensor and front armrest.
The new Fiat 500X is available to order now priced from £16,995 OTR and is available with 3 years 0% APR and up to £1,000 deposit contribution for orders up to 30/09/2018. For more information the new Fiat 500X please visit www.fiat.co.uk or to locate your nearest Fiat retailer visit www.fiat.co.uk/retailers.
Model OTR Price
Fiat 500X Urban 1.6 110hp £16,995
Fiat 500X City Cross 1.0 120hp £18,995
Fiat 500X City Cross 1.3 150hp DCT Automatic £21,195
Fiat 500X Cross Plus 1.0 120hp £20,995
Fiat 500X Cross Plus 1.3 150hp DCT Automatic £23,195
New Fiat 500x
Pagani celebrate record 2017
Scuderia Ferrari: Chinese GP Ferrari 2nd and 7th in FP2
Pagani Celebrates 20th Anniversary Of The Zonda
Be part of Enzari
Sign up to our newsletter and receive your free copy of the “A brief history of Italian cars”
Copyright Enzari Limited © 2021 | Company Registered Number: 10265795 | Registered Office: 41 St Thomas’s Road, Chorley. PR7 1JE United Kingdom | VAT Number: 260 3820 28
Reset password or Register
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3111
|
__label__wiki
| 0.519089
| 0.519089
|
The Lost Shtetl: A Novel by Max Gross
You are here: Home » shop » The Lost Shtetl: A Novel by Max Gross
The Lost Shtetl: A Novel by Max Gross quantity
A remarkable debut novel—written with the fearless imagination of Michael Chabon and the piercing humor of Gary Shteyngart—about a small Jewish village in the Polish forest that is so secluded no one knows it exists . . . until now.
What if there was a town that history missed?
For decades, the tiny Jewish shtetl of Kreskol existed in happy isolation, virtually untouched and unchanged. Spared by the Holocaust and the Cold War, its residents enjoyed remarkable peace. It missed out on cars, and electricity, and the internet, and indoor plumbing. But when a marriage dispute spins out of control, the whole town comes crashing into the twenty-first century.
Pesha Lindauer, who has just suffered an ugly, acrimonious divorce, suddenly disappears. A day later, her husband goes after her, setting off a panic among the town elders. They send a woefully unprepared outcast named Yankel Lewinkopf out into the wider world to alert the Polish authorities.
Venturing beyond the remote safety of Kreskol, Yankel is confronted by the beauty and the ravages of the modern-day outside world – and his reception is met with a confusing mix of disbelief, condescension, and unexpected kindness. When the truth eventually surfaces, his story and the existence of Kreskol make headlines nationwide.
Returning Yankel to Kreskol, the Polish government plans to reintegrate the town that time forgot. Yet in doing so, the devious origins of its disappearance come to the light. And what has become of the mystery of Pesha and her former husband? Divided between those embracing change and those clinging to its old world ways, the people of Kreskol will have to find a way to come together . . . or risk their village disappearing for good.
Stubborn Archivist by Yara Rodrigues Fowler
Good and Mad: The Revolutionary Power of Women’s Anger by Rebecca Traister
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3114
|
__label__cc
| 0.617358
| 0.382642
|
(-) Remove 2009 (185) filter 2009 (185)
(PE) Physical Sciences & Engineering (218) Apply (PE) Physical Sciences & Engineering filter
PE1 (31) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Mathematics'>PE1</label> filter
PE2 (23) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Fundamental Constituents of Matter'>PE2</label> filter
PE3 (22) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Condensed Matter Physics'>PE3</label> filter
PE4 (21) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences'>PE4</label> filter
PE5 (34) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Synthetic Chemistry and Materials'>PE5</label> filter
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Computer Science and Informatics'>PE6 (19)</label> filter PE6 (19)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Systems and Communication Engineering'>PE7 (16)</label> filter PE7 (16)
PE8 (17) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Products and Processes Engineering'>PE8</label> filter
PE9 (16) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Universe Sciences'>PE9</label> filter
PE10 (19) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Earth System Science'>PE10</label> filter
(-) Remove (LS) Life Sciences (175) filter (LS) Life Sciences (175)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Molecular and Structural Biology and Biochemistry'>LS1 (21)</label> filter LS1 (21)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology'>LS2 (20)</label> filter LS2 (20)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Cellular and Developmental Biology'>LS3 (19)</label> filter LS3 (19)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Physiology, Pathophysiology and Endocrinology'>LS4 (13)</label> filter LS4 (13)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Neurosciences and Neural Disorders'>LS5 (26)</label> filter LS5 (26)
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Immunity and Infection'>LS6 (20)</label> filter LS6 (20)
LS7 (22) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Diagnostics, Therapies, Applied Medical Technology and Public Health'>LS7</label> filter
LS8 (22) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Evolutionary, Population and Environmental Biology'>LS8</label> filter
LS9 (12) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Applied Life Sciences and Non-Medical Biotechnology'>LS9</label> filter
(SH) Social Sciences & Humanities (97) Apply (SH) Social Sciences & Humanities filter
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Individuals, Markets and Organisations'>SH1 (23)</label> filter SH1 (23)
SH2 (19) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Institutions, Values, Environment and Space'>SH2</label> filter
SH4 (19) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='The Human Mind and Its Complexity'>SH4</label> filter
SH5 (11) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='Cultures and Cultural Production'>SH5</label> filter
SH6 (17) Apply <label class='research-domain' title='The Study of the Human Past'>SH6</label> filter
Displaying 1 - 100 of 185. Show 10 | 20 | 50 | 100 results per page.
Project acronym 5HT-OPTOGENETICS
Project Optogenetic Analysis of Serotonin Function in the Mammalian Brain
Researcher (PI) Zachary Mainen
Host Institution (HI) FUNDACAO D. ANNA SOMMER CHAMPALIMAUD E DR. CARLOS MONTEZ CHAMPALIMAUD
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), LS5, ERC-2009-AdG
Summary Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in a wide spectrum of brain functions and disorders. However, its functions remain controversial and enigmatic. We suggest that past work on the 5-HT system have been significantly hampered by technical limitations in the selectivity and temporal resolution of the conventional pharmacological and electrophysiological methods that have been applied. We therefore propose to apply novel optogenetic methods that will allow us to overcome these limitations and thereby gain new insight into the biological functions of this important molecule. In preliminary studies, we have demonstrated that we can deliver exogenous proteins specifically to 5-HT neurons using viral vectors. Our objectives are to (1) record, (2) stimulate and (3) silence the activity of 5-HT neurons with high molecular selectivity and temporal precision by using genetically-encoded sensors, activators and inhibitors of neural function. These tools will allow us to monitor and control the 5-HT system in real-time in freely-behaving animals and thereby to establish causal links between information processing in 5-HT neurons and specific behaviors. In combination with quantitative behavioral assays, we will use this approach to define the role of 5-HT in sensory, motor and cognitive functions. The significance of the work is three-fold. First, we will establish a new arsenal of tools for probing the physiological and behavioral functions of 5-HT neurons. Second, we will make definitive tests of major hypotheses of 5-HT function. Third, we will have possible therapeutic applications. In this way, the proposed work has the potential for a major impact in research on the role of 5-HT in brain function and dysfunction.
Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in a wide spectrum of brain functions and disorders. However, its functions remain controversial and enigmatic. We suggest that past work on the 5-HT system have been significantly hampered by technical limitations in the selectivity and temporal resolution of the conventional pharmacological and electrophysiological methods that have been applied. We therefore propose to apply novel optogenetic methods that will allow us to overcome these limitations and thereby gain new insight into the biological functions of this important molecule. In preliminary studies, we have demonstrated that we can deliver exogenous proteins specifically to 5-HT neurons using viral vectors. Our objectives are to (1) record, (2) stimulate and (3) silence the activity of 5-HT neurons with high molecular selectivity and temporal precision by using genetically-encoded sensors, activators and inhibitors of neural function. These tools will allow us to monitor and control the 5-HT system in real-time in freely-behaving animals and thereby to establish causal links between information processing in 5-HT neurons and specific behaviors. In combination with quantitative behavioral assays, we will use this approach to define the role of 5-HT in sensory, motor and cognitive functions. The significance of the work is three-fold. First, we will establish a new arsenal of tools for probing the physiological and behavioral functions of 5-HT neurons. Second, we will make definitive tests of major hypotheses of 5-HT function. Third, we will have possible therapeutic applications. In this way, the proposed work has the potential for a major impact in research on the role of 5-HT in brain function and dysfunction.
Max ERC Funding
Start date: 2010-07-01, End date: 2015-12-31
Project acronym ABEP
Project Asset Bubbles and Economic Policy
Researcher (PI) Jaume Ventura Fontanet
Host Institution (HI) Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), SH1, ERC-2009-AdG
Summary Advanced capitalist economies experience large and persistent movements in asset prices that are difficult to justify with economic fundamentals. The internet bubble of the 1990s and the real state market bubble of the 2000s are two recent examples. The predominant view is that these bubbles are a market failure, and are caused by some form of individual irrationality on the part of market participants. This project is based instead on the view that market participants are individually rational, although this does not preclude sometimes collectively sub-optimal outcomes. Bubbles are thus not a source of market failure by themselves but instead arise as a result of a pre-existing market failure, namely, the existence of pockets of dynamically inefficient investments. Under some conditions, bubbles partly solve this problem, increasing market efficiency and welfare. It is also possible however that bubbles do not solve the underlying problem and, in addition, create negative side-effects. The main objective of this project is to develop this view of asset bubbles, and produce an empirically-relevant macroeconomic framework that allows us to address the following questions: (i) What is the relationship between bubbles and financial market frictions? Special emphasis is given to how the globalization of financial markets and the development of new financial products affect the size and effects of bubbles. (ii) What is the relationship between bubbles, economic growth and unemployment? The theory suggests the presence of virtuous and vicious cycles, as economic growth creates the conditions for bubbles to pop up, while bubbles create incentives for economic growth to happen. (iii) What is the optimal policy to manage bubbles? We need to develop the tools that allow policy makers to sustain those bubbles that have positive effects and burst those that have negative effects.
Advanced capitalist economies experience large and persistent movements in asset prices that are difficult to justify with economic fundamentals. The internet bubble of the 1990s and the real state market bubble of the 2000s are two recent examples. The predominant view is that these bubbles are a market failure, and are caused by some form of individual irrationality on the part of market participants. This project is based instead on the view that market participants are individually rational, although this does not preclude sometimes collectively sub-optimal outcomes. Bubbles are thus not a source of market failure by themselves but instead arise as a result of a pre-existing market failure, namely, the existence of pockets of dynamically inefficient investments. Under some conditions, bubbles partly solve this problem, increasing market efficiency and welfare. It is also possible however that bubbles do not solve the underlying problem and, in addition, create negative side-effects. The main objective of this project is to develop this view of asset bubbles, and produce an empirically-relevant macroeconomic framework that allows us to address the following questions: (i) What is the relationship between bubbles and financial market frictions? Special emphasis is given to how the globalization of financial markets and the development of new financial products affect the size and effects of bubbles. (ii) What is the relationship between bubbles, economic growth and unemployment? The theory suggests the presence of virtuous and vicious cycles, as economic growth creates the conditions for bubbles to pop up, while bubbles create incentives for economic growth to happen. (iii) What is the optimal policy to manage bubbles? We need to develop the tools that allow policy makers to sustain those bubbles that have positive effects and burst those that have negative effects.
Project acronym ACTIVE_NEUROGENESIS
Project Activity-dependent signaling in radial glial cells and their neuronal progeny
Researcher (PI) Colin Akerman
Host Institution (HI) THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS5, ERC-2009-StG
Summary A significant advance in the field of development has been the appreciation that radial glial cells are progenitors and give birth to neurons in the brain. In order to advance this exciting area of biology, we need approaches that combine structural and functional studies of these cells. This is reflected by the emerging realisation that dynamic interactions involving radial glia may be critical for the regulation of their proliferative behaviour. It has been observed that radial glia experience transient elevations in intracellular Ca2+ but the nature of these signals, and the information that they convey, is not known. The inability to observe these cells in vivo and over the course of their development has also meant that basic questions remain unexplored. For instance, how does the behaviour of a radial glial cell at one point in development, influence the final identity of its progeny? I propose to build a research team that will capitalise upon methods we have developed for observing individual radial glia and their progeny in an intact vertebrate nervous system. The visual system of Xenopus Laevis tadpoles offers non-invasive optical access to the brain, making time-lapse imaging of single cells feasible over minutes and weeks. The system s anatomy lends itself to techniques that measure the activity of the cells in a functional sensory network. We will use this to examine signalling mechanisms in radial glia and how a radial glial cell s experience influences its proliferative behaviour and the types of neuron it generates. We will also examine the interactions that continue between a radial glial cell and its daughter neurons. Finally, we will explore the relationships that exist within neuronal progeny derived from a single radial glial cell.
A significant advance in the field of development has been the appreciation that radial glial cells are progenitors and give birth to neurons in the brain. In order to advance this exciting area of biology, we need approaches that combine structural and functional studies of these cells. This is reflected by the emerging realisation that dynamic interactions involving radial glia may be critical for the regulation of their proliferative behaviour. It has been observed that radial glia experience transient elevations in intracellular Ca2+ but the nature of these signals, and the information that they convey, is not known. The inability to observe these cells in vivo and over the course of their development has also meant that basic questions remain unexplored. For instance, how does the behaviour of a radial glial cell at one point in development, influence the final identity of its progeny? I propose to build a research team that will capitalise upon methods we have developed for observing individual radial glia and their progeny in an intact vertebrate nervous system. The visual system of Xenopus Laevis tadpoles offers non-invasive optical access to the brain, making time-lapse imaging of single cells feasible over minutes and weeks. The system s anatomy lends itself to techniques that measure the activity of the cells in a functional sensory network. We will use this to examine signalling mechanisms in radial glia and how a radial glial cell s experience influences its proliferative behaviour and the types of neuron it generates. We will also examine the interactions that continue between a radial glial cell and its daughter neurons. Finally, we will explore the relationships that exist within neuronal progeny derived from a single radial glial cell.
Project acronym AIM2 INFLAMMASOME
Project Cytosolic recognition of foreign nucleic acids: Molecular and functional characterization of AIM2, a central player in DNA-triggered inflammasome activation
Researcher (PI) Veit Hornung
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITATSKLINIKUM BONN
Summary Host cytokines, chemokines and type I IFNs are critical effectors of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial pathogens. Several classes of germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors have been identified, which sense non-self nucleic acids and trigger these responses. Recently NLRP-3, a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, has been shown to sense endogenous danger signals, environmental insults and the DNA viruses adenovirus and HSV. Activation of NLRP-3 induces the formation of a large multiprotein complex in cells termed inflammasome , which controls the activity of pro-caspase-1 and the maturation of pro-IL-1² and pro-IL18 into their active forms. NLRP-3, however, does not regulate these responses to double stranded cytosolic DNA. We identified the cytosolic protein AIM2 as the missing receptor for cytosolic DNA. AIM2 contains a HIN200 domain, which binds to DNA and a pyrin domain, which associates with the adapter molecule ASC to activate both NF-ºB and caspase-1. Knock down of AIM2 down-regulates caspase-1-mediated IL-1² responses following DNA stimulation or vaccinia virus infection. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that AIM2 forms an inflammasome with the DNA ligand and ASC to activate caspase-1. Our underlying hypothesis for this proposal is that AIM2 plays a central role in host-defence to cytosolic microbial pathogens and also in DNA-triggered autoimmunity. The goals of this research proposal are to further characterize the DNA ligand for AIM2, to explore the molecular mechanisms of AIM2 activation, to define the contribution of AIM2 to host-defence against viral and bacterial pathogens and to assess its function in nucleic acid triggered autoimmune disease. The characterization of AIM2 and its role in innate immunity could open new avenues in the advancement of immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune disease.
Host cytokines, chemokines and type I IFNs are critical effectors of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial pathogens. Several classes of germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors have been identified, which sense non-self nucleic acids and trigger these responses. Recently NLRP-3, a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, has been shown to sense endogenous danger signals, environmental insults and the DNA viruses adenovirus and HSV. Activation of NLRP-3 induces the formation of a large multiprotein complex in cells termed inflammasome , which controls the activity of pro-caspase-1 and the maturation of pro-IL-1² and pro-IL18 into their active forms. NLRP-3, however, does not regulate these responses to double stranded cytosolic DNA. We identified the cytosolic protein AIM2 as the missing receptor for cytosolic DNA. AIM2 contains a HIN200 domain, which binds to DNA and a pyrin domain, which associates with the adapter molecule ASC to activate both NF-ºB and caspase-1. Knock down of AIM2 down-regulates caspase-1-mediated IL-1² responses following DNA stimulation or vaccinia virus infection. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that AIM2 forms an inflammasome with the DNA ligand and ASC to activate caspase-1. Our underlying hypothesis for this proposal is that AIM2 plays a central role in host-defence to cytosolic microbial pathogens and also in DNA-triggered autoimmunity. The goals of this research proposal are to further characterize the DNA ligand for AIM2, to explore the molecular mechanisms of AIM2 activation, to define the contribution of AIM2 to host-defence against viral and bacterial pathogens and to assess its function in nucleic acid triggered autoimmune disease. The characterization of AIM2 and its role in innate immunity could open new avenues in the advancement of immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune disease.
Project acronym ANGIOFAT
Project New mechanisms of angiogenesis modulators in switching between white and brown adipose tissues
Researcher (PI) Yihai Cao
Host Institution (HI) KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Summary Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying adipose blood vessel growth or regression opens new fundamentally insight into novel therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Unlike any other tissues in the body, the adipose tissue constantly experiences expansion and shrinkage throughout the adult life. Adipocytes in the white adipose tissue have the ability to switch into metabolically highly active brown-like adipocytes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains significantly higher numbers of microvessels than white adipose tissue (WAT) in order to adopt the high rates of metabolism. Thus, an angiogenic phenotype has to be switched on during the transition from WAT into BAT. We have found that acclimation of mice in cold could induce transition from inguinal and epidedymal WAT into BAT by upregulation of angiogenic factor expression and down-regulations of angiogenesis inhibitors (Xue et al, Cell Metabolism, 2009). The transition from WAT into BAT is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that primarily targets on vascular endothelial cells via a tissue hypoxia-independent mechanism. VEGF blockade significantly alters adipose tissue metabolism. In another genetic model, we show similar findings that angiogenesis is crucial to mediate the transition from WAT into BAT (Xue et al, PNAS, 2008). Here we propose that the vascular tone determines the metabolic switch between WAT and BAT. Characterization of these novel angiogenic pathways may reveal new mechanisms underlying development of obesity- and metabolism-related disease complications and may define novel therapeutic targets. Thus, the benefit of this research proposal is enormous and is aimed to treat the most common and highly risk human health conditions in the modern time.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying adipose blood vessel growth or regression opens new fundamentally insight into novel therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Unlike any other tissues in the body, the adipose tissue constantly experiences expansion and shrinkage throughout the adult life. Adipocytes in the white adipose tissue have the ability to switch into metabolically highly active brown-like adipocytes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains significantly higher numbers of microvessels than white adipose tissue (WAT) in order to adopt the high rates of metabolism. Thus, an angiogenic phenotype has to be switched on during the transition from WAT into BAT. We have found that acclimation of mice in cold could induce transition from inguinal and epidedymal WAT into BAT by upregulation of angiogenic factor expression and down-regulations of angiogenesis inhibitors (Xue et al, Cell Metabolism, 2009). The transition from WAT into BAT is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that primarily targets on vascular endothelial cells via a tissue hypoxia-independent mechanism. VEGF blockade significantly alters adipose tissue metabolism. In another genetic model, we show similar findings that angiogenesis is crucial to mediate the transition from WAT into BAT (Xue et al, PNAS, 2008). Here we propose that the vascular tone determines the metabolic switch between WAT and BAT. Characterization of these novel angiogenic pathways may reveal new mechanisms underlying development of obesity- and metabolism-related disease complications and may define novel therapeutic targets. Thus, the benefit of this research proposal is enormous and is aimed to treat the most common and highly risk human health conditions in the modern time.
Project acronym ANTIVIRALRNAI
Project RNAi-mediated viral immunity in insects
Researcher (PI) Maria-Carla Saleh
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT PASTEUR
Summary RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved sequence-specific, gene-silencing mechanism that is induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). One of the functions of this pathway is the defense against parasitic nucleic acids: transposons and viruses. Previous results demonstrated that viral infections in Drosophila melanogaster are fought by an antiviral RNAi response and that components of the endocytic pathway are required for dsRNA entry to initiate the RNAi response. Recently we have shown that infected insect cells spread a systemic silencing signal that elicits a protective RNAi-dependent immunity throughout the organism. This suggests that the cell-autonomous RNAi response is insufficient to control a viral infection and that flies also rely on systemic immune response to fight against such infections. As a junior group leader, I will study the mechanisms that mediate the RNAi-based antiviral response in insects. By combining biochemical, cellular, molecular and genomic approaches, both in vivo and in cell culture, I will analyze the mechanisms underlying viral tropism, systemic propagation of the antiviral signal and the basis of the persistence of the antiviral state. Furthermore, I will examine whether the dsRNA-uptake pathway is conserved in mosquitoes and its relationship with viral immunity in that host. This comprehensive approach will tackle how this nucleic acid-based immunity works in insects to generate an anti-viral stage. A better understanding of the role of RNA silencing in insects during virus infection will allow the exploitation of this pathway for improvement of public health related problems such as arbovirus infection and disease.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved sequence-specific, gene-silencing mechanism that is induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). One of the functions of this pathway is the defense against parasitic nucleic acids: transposons and viruses. Previous results demonstrated that viral infections in Drosophila melanogaster are fought by an antiviral RNAi response and that components of the endocytic pathway are required for dsRNA entry to initiate the RNAi response. Recently we have shown that infected insect cells spread a systemic silencing signal that elicits a protective RNAi-dependent immunity throughout the organism. This suggests that the cell-autonomous RNAi response is insufficient to control a viral infection and that flies also rely on systemic immune response to fight against such infections. As a junior group leader, I will study the mechanisms that mediate the RNAi-based antiviral response in insects. By combining biochemical, cellular, molecular and genomic approaches, both in vivo and in cell culture, I will analyze the mechanisms underlying viral tropism, systemic propagation of the antiviral signal and the basis of the persistence of the antiviral state. Furthermore, I will examine whether the dsRNA-uptake pathway is conserved in mosquitoes and its relationship with viral immunity in that host. This comprehensive approach will tackle how this nucleic acid-based immunity works in insects to generate an anti-viral stage. A better understanding of the role of RNA silencing in insects during virus infection will allow the exploitation of this pathway for improvement of public health related problems such as arbovirus infection and disease.
Project acronym ATHEROPROTECT
Project Structure-Function Analysis of the Chemokine Interactome for Therapeutic Targeting and Imaging in Atherosclerosis
Researcher (PI) Christian Weber
Host Institution (HI) LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN
Summary Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. Mononuclear cell recruitment is driven by chemokines that can be deposited e.g. by activated platelets on inflamed endothelium. Chemokines require oligomerization and immobilization for efficient function, and recent evidence supports the notion that heterodimer formation between chemokines constitutes a new regulatory principle amplifying specific chemokine activities while suppressing others. Although crucial to inflammatory disease, this has been difficult to prove in vivo, primarily as chemokine heterodimers exist in equilibrium with their homodimer counterparts. We introduce the paradigm that heteromerization of chemokines provides the combinatorial diversity for functional plasticity and fine-tuning, coining this interactome. Given the relevance of chemokine heteromers in vivo, we aim to exploit this in an anti-inflammatory approach to selectively target vascular disease. In a multidisciplinary project, we plan to generate covalently-linked heterodimers to establish their biological significance. Obligate heterodimers of CC and CXC chemokines will be designed using computer-assisted modeling, chemically synthesized and cross-linked, structurally assessed using NMR spectroscopy and crystallography, and subjected to functional characterization in vitro and reconstitution in vivo. Conversely, we will develop cyclic beta-sheet-based peptides binding chemokines to specifically disrupt heteromers and we will generate mice with conditional deletion or knock-in of chemokine mutants with defects in heteromerization or proteoglycan binding to be analyzed in models of atherosclerosis. Peptides will be used for molecular imaging and chemokine heteromers will be quantified in cardiovascular patients.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. Mononuclear cell recruitment is driven by chemokines that can be deposited e.g. by activated platelets on inflamed endothelium. Chemokines require oligomerization and immobilization for efficient function, and recent evidence supports the notion that heterodimer formation between chemokines constitutes a new regulatory principle amplifying specific chemokine activities while suppressing others. Although crucial to inflammatory disease, this has been difficult to prove in vivo, primarily as chemokine heterodimers exist in equilibrium with their homodimer counterparts. We introduce the paradigm that heteromerization of chemokines provides the combinatorial diversity for functional plasticity and fine-tuning, coining this interactome. Given the relevance of chemokine heteromers in vivo, we aim to exploit this in an anti-inflammatory approach to selectively target vascular disease. In a multidisciplinary project, we plan to generate covalently-linked heterodimers to establish their biological significance. Obligate heterodimers of CC and CXC chemokines will be designed using computer-assisted modeling, chemically synthesized and cross-linked, structurally assessed using NMR spectroscopy and crystallography, and subjected to functional characterization in vitro and reconstitution in vivo. Conversely, we will develop cyclic beta-sheet-based peptides binding chemokines to specifically disrupt heteromers and we will generate mice with conditional deletion or knock-in of chemokine mutants with defects in heteromerization or proteoglycan binding to be analyzed in models of atherosclerosis. Peptides will be used for molecular imaging and chemokine heteromers will be quantified in cardiovascular patients.
Project acronym BARRAGE
Project Cell compartmentalization, individuation and diversity
Researcher (PI) Yves Barral
Host Institution (HI) EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH
Summary Asymmetric cell division is a key mechanism for the generation of cell diversity in eukaryotes. During this process, a polarized mother cell divides into non-equivalent daughters. These may differentially inherit fate determinants, irreparable damages or age determinants. Our aim is to decipher the mechanisms governing the individualization of daughters from each other. In the past ten years, our studies identified several lateral diffusion barriers located in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum of budding yeast. These barriers all restrict molecular exchanges between the mother cell and its bud, and thereby compartmentalize the cell already long before its division. They play key roles in the asymmetric segregation of various factors. On one side, they help maintain polarized factors into the bud. Thereby, they reinforce cell polarity and sequester daughter-specific fate determinants into the bud. On the other side they prevent aging factors of the mother from entering the bud. Hence, they play key roles in the rejuvenation of the bud, in the aging of the mother, and in the differentiation of mother and daughter from each other. Recently, we accumulated evidence that some of these barriers are subject to regulation, such as to help modulate the longevity of the mother cell in response to environmental signals. Our data also suggest that barriers help the mother cell keep traces of its life history, thereby contributing to its individuation and adaption to the environment. In this project, we will address the following questions: 1 How are these barriers assembled, functioning, and regulated? 2 What type of differentiation processes are they involved in? 3 Are they conserved in other eukaryotes, and what are their functions outside of budding yeast? These studies will shed light into the principles underlying and linking aging, rejuvenation and differentiation.
Asymmetric cell division is a key mechanism for the generation of cell diversity in eukaryotes. During this process, a polarized mother cell divides into non-equivalent daughters. These may differentially inherit fate determinants, irreparable damages or age determinants. Our aim is to decipher the mechanisms governing the individualization of daughters from each other. In the past ten years, our studies identified several lateral diffusion barriers located in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum of budding yeast. These barriers all restrict molecular exchanges between the mother cell and its bud, and thereby compartmentalize the cell already long before its division. They play key roles in the asymmetric segregation of various factors. On one side, they help maintain polarized factors into the bud. Thereby, they reinforce cell polarity and sequester daughter-specific fate determinants into the bud. On the other side they prevent aging factors of the mother from entering the bud. Hence, they play key roles in the rejuvenation of the bud, in the aging of the mother, and in the differentiation of mother and daughter from each other. Recently, we accumulated evidence that some of these barriers are subject to regulation, such as to help modulate the longevity of the mother cell in response to environmental signals. Our data also suggest that barriers help the mother cell keep traces of its life history, thereby contributing to its individuation and adaption to the environment. In this project, we will address the following questions: 1 How are these barriers assembled, functioning, and regulated? 2 What type of differentiation processes are they involved in? 3 Are they conserved in other eukaryotes, and what are their functions outside of budding yeast? These studies will shed light into the principles underlying and linking aging, rejuvenation and differentiation.
Project acronym BFTERRA
Project Biogenesis and Functions of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA
Researcher (PI) Claus Maria Azzalin
Summary Telomeres are heterochromatic nucleoprotein complexes located at the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Contrarily to a longstanding dogma, we have recently demonstrated that mammalian telomeres are transcribed into TElomeric Repeat containing RNA (TERRA) molecules. TERRA transcripts contain telomeric RNA repeats and are produced at least in part by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription of telomeric DNA. TERRA molecules form discrete nuclear foci that co-localize with telomeric heterochromatin in both interphase and transcriptionally inactive metaphase cells. This indicates that TERRA is an integral component of telomeres and suggests that TERRA might participate in maintaining proper telomere heterochromatin. We will use a variety of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology and microscopy based approaches applied to cultured mammalian cells and to the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to achieve four distinct major goals: i) We will over-express or deplete TERRA in mammalian cells in order to characterize the molecular details of putative TERRA-associated functions in maintaining normal telomere structure and function; ii) We will locate TERRA promoter regions on different human chromosome ends; iii) We will generate mammalian cellular systems in which to study artificially seeded telomeres that can be transcribed in an inducible fashion; iv) We will identify physiological regulators of TERRA by analyzing it in mammalian cultured cells where the functions of candidate factors are compromised. In parallel, taking advantage of the recent discovery of TERRA also in fission yeast, we will systematically analyze TERRA levels in fission yeast mutants derived from a complete gene knockout collection. The study of TERRA regulation and function at chromosome ends will strongly contribute to our understanding of how telomeres are maintained and will help to clarify the general functions of mammalian non-coding RNAs.
Telomeres are heterochromatic nucleoprotein complexes located at the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Contrarily to a longstanding dogma, we have recently demonstrated that mammalian telomeres are transcribed into TElomeric Repeat containing RNA (TERRA) molecules. TERRA transcripts contain telomeric RNA repeats and are produced at least in part by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription of telomeric DNA. TERRA molecules form discrete nuclear foci that co-localize with telomeric heterochromatin in both interphase and transcriptionally inactive metaphase cells. This indicates that TERRA is an integral component of telomeres and suggests that TERRA might participate in maintaining proper telomere heterochromatin. We will use a variety of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology and microscopy based approaches applied to cultured mammalian cells and to the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to achieve four distinct major goals: i) We will over-express or deplete TERRA in mammalian cells in order to characterize the molecular details of putative TERRA-associated functions in maintaining normal telomere structure and function; ii) We will locate TERRA promoter regions on different human chromosome ends; iii) We will generate mammalian cellular systems in which to study artificially seeded telomeres that can be transcribed in an inducible fashion; iv) We will identify physiological regulators of TERRA by analyzing it in mammalian cultured cells where the functions of candidate factors are compromised. In parallel, taking advantage of the recent discovery of TERRA also in fission yeast, we will systematically analyze TERRA levels in fission yeast mutants derived from a complete gene knockout collection. The study of TERRA regulation and function at chromosome ends will strongly contribute to our understanding of how telomeres are maintained and will help to clarify the general functions of mammalian non-coding RNAs.
Project acronym BIOMEMOS
Project Higher order structure and function of biomembranes
Researcher (PI) Poul Nissen
Host Institution (HI) AARHUS UNIVERSITET
Summary The biomembrane is a prerequisite of life. It enables the cell to maintain a controlled environment and to establish electrochemical gradients as rapidly accessible energy stores. Biomembranes also provide scaffold for organisation and spatial definition of signal transmission in the cell. Crystal structures of membrane proteins are determined with an increasing pace. Along with functional studies integral studies of individual membrane proteins are now widely implemented. The BIOMEMOS proposal goes a step further and approaches the function of the biomembrane at the higher level of membrane protein complexes. Through a combination of X-ray crystallography, electrophysiology, general biochemistry, biophysics and bioinformatics and including also the application of single-particle cryo-EM and small-angle X-ray scattering, the structure and function of membrane protein complexes of key importance in life will be investigated. The specific targets for investigation in this proposal include: 1) higher-order complexes of P-type ATPase pumps such as signalling complexes of Na+,K+-ATPase, and 2) development of methods for structural studies of membrane protein complexes Based on my unique track record in structural studies of large, difficult structures (ribosomes and membrane proteins) in the setting of a thriving research community in structural biology and biomembrane research in Aarhus provides a critical momentum for a long-term activity. The activity will take advantage of the new possibilities offered by synchrotron sources in Europe. Furthermore, a single-particle cryo-EM research group formed on my initiative in Aarhus, and a well-established small-angle X-ray scattering community provides for an optimal setting through multiple cues in structural biology and functional studies
The biomembrane is a prerequisite of life. It enables the cell to maintain a controlled environment and to establish electrochemical gradients as rapidly accessible energy stores. Biomembranes also provide scaffold for organisation and spatial definition of signal transmission in the cell. Crystal structures of membrane proteins are determined with an increasing pace. Along with functional studies integral studies of individual membrane proteins are now widely implemented. The BIOMEMOS proposal goes a step further and approaches the function of the biomembrane at the higher level of membrane protein complexes. Through a combination of X-ray crystallography, electrophysiology, general biochemistry, biophysics and bioinformatics and including also the application of single-particle cryo-EM and small-angle X-ray scattering, the structure and function of membrane protein complexes of key importance in life will be investigated. The specific targets for investigation in this proposal include: 1) higher-order complexes of P-type ATPase pumps such as signalling complexes of Na+,K+-ATPase, and 2) development of methods for structural studies of membrane protein complexes Based on my unique track record in structural studies of large, difficult structures (ribosomes and membrane proteins) in the setting of a thriving research community in structural biology and biomembrane research in Aarhus provides a critical momentum for a long-term activity. The activity will take advantage of the new possibilities offered by synchrotron sources in Europe. Furthermore, a single-particle cryo-EM research group formed on my initiative in Aarhus, and a well-established small-angle X-ray scattering community provides for an optimal setting through multiple cues in structural biology and functional studies
Project acronym BODYBUILT
Project Building The Vertebrate Body
Researcher (PI) Olivier Pourquie
Host Institution (HI) CENTRE EUROPEEN DE RECHERCHE EN BIOLOGIE ET MEDECINE
Summary My lab is interested in the development of the tissue that gives rise to vertebrae and skeletal muscles called the paraxial mesoderm. A striking feature of this tissue is its segmental organization and we have made major contributions to the understanding of the molecular control of the segmentation process. We identified a molecular oscillator associated to the rhythmic production of somites and proposed a model for vertebrate segmentation based on the integration of a rhythmic signaling pulse gated spatially by a system of traveling FGF and Wnt signaling gradients. We are also studying the differentiation of paraxial mesoderm precursors into the muscle, cartilage and dermis lineages. Our work identified the Wnt, FGF and Notch pathways as playing a prominent role in the patterning and differentiation of paraxial mesoderm. In this application, we largely focus on the molecular control of paraxial mesoderm development. Using microarray and high throughput sequencing-based approaches and bioinformatics, we will characterize the transcriptional network acting downstream of Wnt, FGF and Notch in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). We will also use genetic and pharmacological approaches utilizing real-time imaging reporters to characterize the pacemaker of the segmentation clock in vivo, and also in vitro using differentiated embryonic stem cells. We further propose to characterize in detail a novel RA-dependent pathway that we identified and which controls the somite left-right symmetry. Our work is expected to have a strong impact in the field of congenital spine anomalies, currently an understudied biomedical problem, and will be of utility in elucidating the etiology and eventual prevention of these disorders. This work is also expected to further our understanding of the Notch, Wnt, FGF and RA signalling pathways which are involved in segmentation and in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, and which play important roles in a wide array of human diseases.
My lab is interested in the development of the tissue that gives rise to vertebrae and skeletal muscles called the paraxial mesoderm. A striking feature of this tissue is its segmental organization and we have made major contributions to the understanding of the molecular control of the segmentation process. We identified a molecular oscillator associated to the rhythmic production of somites and proposed a model for vertebrate segmentation based on the integration of a rhythmic signaling pulse gated spatially by a system of traveling FGF and Wnt signaling gradients. We are also studying the differentiation of paraxial mesoderm precursors into the muscle, cartilage and dermis lineages. Our work identified the Wnt, FGF and Notch pathways as playing a prominent role in the patterning and differentiation of paraxial mesoderm. In this application, we largely focus on the molecular control of paraxial mesoderm development. Using microarray and high throughput sequencing-based approaches and bioinformatics, we will characterize the transcriptional network acting downstream of Wnt, FGF and Notch in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). We will also use genetic and pharmacological approaches utilizing real-time imaging reporters to characterize the pacemaker of the segmentation clock in vivo, and also in vitro using differentiated embryonic stem cells. We further propose to characterize in detail a novel RA-dependent pathway that we identified and which controls the somite left-right symmetry. Our work is expected to have a strong impact in the field of congenital spine anomalies, currently an understudied biomedical problem, and will be of utility in elucidating the etiology and eventual prevention of these disorders. This work is also expected to further our understanding of the Notch, Wnt, FGF and RA signalling pathways which are involved in segmentation and in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, and which play important roles in a wide array of human diseases.
Project acronym BRAINCANNABINOIDS
Project Understanding the molecular blueprint and functional complexity of the endocannabinoid metabolome in the brain
Researcher (PI) Istvan Katona
Host Institution (HI) KIRSERLETI ORVOSTUDOMANYI KUTATOINTEZET
Summary We and others have recently delineated the molecular architecture of a new feedback pathway in brain synapses, which operates as a synaptic circuit breaker. This pathway is supposed to use a group of lipid messengers as retrograde synaptic signals, the so-called endocannabinoids. Although heterogeneous in their chemical structures, these molecules along with the psychoactive compound in cannabis are thought to target the same effector in the brain, the CB1 receptor. However, the molecular catalog of these bioactive lipids and their metabolic enzymes has been expanding rapidly by recent advances in lipidomics and proteomics raising the possibility that these lipids may also serve novel, yet unidentified physiological functions. Thus, the overall aim of our research program is to define the molecular and anatomical organization of these endocannabinoid-mediated pathways and to determine their functional significance. In the present proposal, we will focus on understanding how these novel pathways regulate synaptic and extrasynaptic signaling in hippocampal neurons. Using combination of lipidomic, genetic and high-resolution anatomical approaches, we will identify distinct chemical species of endocannabinoids and will show how their metabolic enzymes are segregated into different subcellular compartments in cell type- and synapse-specific manner. Subsequently, we will use genetically encoded gain-of-function, loss-of-function and reporter constructs in imaging experiments and electrophysiological recordings to gain insights into the diverse tasks that these new pathways serve in synaptic transmission and extrasynaptic signal processing. Our proposed experiments will reveal fundamental principles of intercellular and intracellular endocannabinoid signaling in the brain.
We and others have recently delineated the molecular architecture of a new feedback pathway in brain synapses, which operates as a synaptic circuit breaker. This pathway is supposed to use a group of lipid messengers as retrograde synaptic signals, the so-called endocannabinoids. Although heterogeneous in their chemical structures, these molecules along with the psychoactive compound in cannabis are thought to target the same effector in the brain, the CB1 receptor. However, the molecular catalog of these bioactive lipids and their metabolic enzymes has been expanding rapidly by recent advances in lipidomics and proteomics raising the possibility that these lipids may also serve novel, yet unidentified physiological functions. Thus, the overall aim of our research program is to define the molecular and anatomical organization of these endocannabinoid-mediated pathways and to determine their functional significance. In the present proposal, we will focus on understanding how these novel pathways regulate synaptic and extrasynaptic signaling in hippocampal neurons. Using combination of lipidomic, genetic and high-resolution anatomical approaches, we will identify distinct chemical species of endocannabinoids and will show how their metabolic enzymes are segregated into different subcellular compartments in cell type- and synapse-specific manner. Subsequently, we will use genetically encoded gain-of-function, loss-of-function and reporter constructs in imaging experiments and electrophysiological recordings to gain insights into the diverse tasks that these new pathways serve in synaptic transmission and extrasynaptic signal processing. Our proposed experiments will reveal fundamental principles of intercellular and intracellular endocannabinoid signaling in the brain.
Project acronym BRAINPOWER
Project Brain energy supply and the consequences of its failure
Researcher (PI) David Ian Attwell
Host Institution (HI) University College London
Summary Energy, supplied in the form of oxygen and glucose in the blood, is essential for the brain s cognitive power. Failure of the energy supply to the nervous system underlies the mental and physical disability occurring in a wide range of economically important neurological disorders, such as stroke, spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy. Using a combination of two-photon imaging, electrophysiological, molecular and transgenic approaches, I will investigate the control of brain energy supply at the vascular level, and at the level of individual neurons and glial cells, and study the deleterious consequences for the neurons, glia and vasculature of a failure of brain energy supply. The work will focus on the following fundamental issues: A. Vascular control of the brain energy supply (1) How important is control of energy supply at the capillary level, by pericytes? (2) Which synapses control blood flow (and thus generate functional imaging signals) in the cortex? B. Neuronal and glial control of brain energy supply (3) How is grey matter neuronal activity powered? (4) How is the white matter supplied with energy? C. The pathological consequences of a loss of brain energy supply (5) How does a fall of energy supply cause neurotoxic glutamate release? (6) How similar are events in the grey and white matter in energy deprivation conditions? (7) How does a transient loss of energy supply affect blood flow regulation? (8) How does brain energy use change after a period without energy supply? Together this work will significantly advance our understanding of how the energy supply to neurons and glia is regulated in normal conditions, and how the loss of the energy supply causes disorders which consume more than 5% of the costs of European health services (5% of ~1000 billion euro/year).
Energy, supplied in the form of oxygen and glucose in the blood, is essential for the brain s cognitive power. Failure of the energy supply to the nervous system underlies the mental and physical disability occurring in a wide range of economically important neurological disorders, such as stroke, spinal cord injury and cerebral palsy. Using a combination of two-photon imaging, electrophysiological, molecular and transgenic approaches, I will investigate the control of brain energy supply at the vascular level, and at the level of individual neurons and glial cells, and study the deleterious consequences for the neurons, glia and vasculature of a failure of brain energy supply. The work will focus on the following fundamental issues: A. Vascular control of the brain energy supply (1) How important is control of energy supply at the capillary level, by pericytes? (2) Which synapses control blood flow (and thus generate functional imaging signals) in the cortex? B. Neuronal and glial control of brain energy supply (3) How is grey matter neuronal activity powered? (4) How is the white matter supplied with energy? C. The pathological consequences of a loss of brain energy supply (5) How does a fall of energy supply cause neurotoxic glutamate release? (6) How similar are events in the grey and white matter in energy deprivation conditions? (7) How does a transient loss of energy supply affect blood flow regulation? (8) How does brain energy use change after a period without energy supply? Together this work will significantly advance our understanding of how the energy supply to neurons and glia is regulated in normal conditions, and how the loss of the energy supply causes disorders which consume more than 5% of the costs of European health services (5% of ~1000 billion euro/year).
Project acronym CENTROSTEMCANCER
Project Investigating the link between centrosomes, stem cells and cancer
Researcher (PI) Renata Homem De Gouveia Xavier De Basto
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT CURIE
Summary Centrosomes are cytoplasmic organelles found in most animal cells with important roles in polarity establishment and maintenance. Theodor Boveri s pioneering work first suggested that extra-centrosomes could contribute to genetic instability and consequently to tumourigenesis. Although many human tumours do exhibit centrosome amplification (extra centrosomes) or centrosome abnormalities, the exact contribution of centrosomes to tumour initiation in vertebrate organisms remains to be determined. I have recently showed that Drosophila flies carrying extra-centrosomes, following the over-expression of the centriole replication kinase Sak, did not exhibit chromosome segregation errors and were able to maintain a stable diploid genome over many generations. Surprisingly, however, neural stem cells fail frequently to align the mitotic spindle with their polarity axis during asymmetric division. Moreover, I have found that centrosome amplification is permissive to tumour formation in flies. So far, however, we do not know the molecular mechanisms that allow transformation when extra centrosomes are present and elucidating these mechanisms is the aim of the work presented in this proposal. Here, I describe a series of complementary approaches that will help us to decipher the link between centrosomes, stem cells and tumour biology. In addition, I wish to pursue the original observations made in Drosophila and investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification in mammals.
Centrosomes are cytoplasmic organelles found in most animal cells with important roles in polarity establishment and maintenance. Theodor Boveri s pioneering work first suggested that extra-centrosomes could contribute to genetic instability and consequently to tumourigenesis. Although many human tumours do exhibit centrosome amplification (extra centrosomes) or centrosome abnormalities, the exact contribution of centrosomes to tumour initiation in vertebrate organisms remains to be determined. I have recently showed that Drosophila flies carrying extra-centrosomes, following the over-expression of the centriole replication kinase Sak, did not exhibit chromosome segregation errors and were able to maintain a stable diploid genome over many generations. Surprisingly, however, neural stem cells fail frequently to align the mitotic spindle with their polarity axis during asymmetric division. Moreover, I have found that centrosome amplification is permissive to tumour formation in flies. So far, however, we do not know the molecular mechanisms that allow transformation when extra centrosomes are present and elucidating these mechanisms is the aim of the work presented in this proposal. Here, I describe a series of complementary approaches that will help us to decipher the link between centrosomes, stem cells and tumour biology. In addition, I wish to pursue the original observations made in Drosophila and investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification in mammals.
Project acronym CHINA
Project Trade, Productivity, and Firm Capabilities in China's Manufacturing Sector
Researcher (PI) Johannes Van Biesebroeck
Host Institution (HI) KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), SH1, ERC-2009-StG
Summary China s economy has expanded at breakneck speed to become the 3rd largest trading country in the world and the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI). Entry into the WTO in 2001 was a landmark event in this ongoing process and I propose to study several channels through which it spurred China s industrial development. Crucially, I will take an integrated view of the different ways in which Chinese and Western firms interact: through trade flows, as suppliers or competitors, FDI, or knowledge transfers. First, I investigate the existence and magnitude of a causal link from the trade reforms to productivity growth. Second, I look for evidence of capability upgrading, such as increased production efficiency, an ability to produce higher quality products, or introduce new products by innovating. Third, I study the mechanisms for the impact of trade and FDI on local firms, in particular assessing the relative importance of increased market competition and the transfer of know-how from foreign firms. For this analysis, I draw heavily on a unique data set. Information on the universe of Chinese manufacturing firms is being linked to the universe of Chinese trade transactions. These are unique research tools on their own, but as a linked data set, the only comparable one in the world is for the U.S. economy. The Chinese data has the advantage to contain detailed information on FDI, distinguishes between ordinary and processing trade, and contains information on innovation, such as R&D and sales of new goods. Answering the above questions is important for other developing countries wanting to learn from China s experience and for Western firms assessing how quickly Chinese firms will become viable suppliers of sophisticated inputs or direct competitors. By estimating models that are explicitly derived from new theories, I advance the literature at the interaction of international and development economics, industrial organization, economic geography.
China s economy has expanded at breakneck speed to become the 3rd largest trading country in the world and the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI). Entry into the WTO in 2001 was a landmark event in this ongoing process and I propose to study several channels through which it spurred China s industrial development. Crucially, I will take an integrated view of the different ways in which Chinese and Western firms interact: through trade flows, as suppliers or competitors, FDI, or knowledge transfers. First, I investigate the existence and magnitude of a causal link from the trade reforms to productivity growth. Second, I look for evidence of capability upgrading, such as increased production efficiency, an ability to produce higher quality products, or introduce new products by innovating. Third, I study the mechanisms for the impact of trade and FDI on local firms, in particular assessing the relative importance of increased market competition and the transfer of know-how from foreign firms. For this analysis, I draw heavily on a unique data set. Information on the universe of Chinese manufacturing firms is being linked to the universe of Chinese trade transactions. These are unique research tools on their own, but as a linked data set, the only comparable one in the world is for the U.S. economy. The Chinese data has the advantage to contain detailed information on FDI, distinguishes between ordinary and processing trade, and contains information on innovation, such as R&D and sales of new goods. Answering the above questions is important for other developing countries wanting to learn from China s experience and for Western firms assessing how quickly Chinese firms will become viable suppliers of sophisticated inputs or direct competitors. By estimating models that are explicitly derived from new theories, I advance the literature at the interaction of international and development economics, industrial organization, economic geography.
Project acronym CHROMOCOND
Project A molecular view of chromosome condensation
Researcher (PI) Frank Uhlmann
Host Institution (HI) CANCER RESEARCH UK LBG
Summary Eukaryotic cells inherit much of their genomic information in the form of chromosomes during cell division. Centimetre-long DNA molecules are packed into micrometer-sized chromosomes to enable this process. How DNA is organised within mitotic chromosomes is still largely unknown. A key structural protein component of mitotic chromosomes, implicated in their compaction, is the condensin complex. In this proposal, we aim to elucidate the molecular architecture of mitotic chromosomes, taking advantage of new genomic techniques and the relatively simple genome organisation of yeast model systems. We will place particular emphasis on elucidating the contribution of the condensin complex, and the cell cycle regulation of its activities, in promoting chromosome condensation. Our previous work has provided genome-wide maps of condensin binding to budding and fission yeast chromosomes. We will continue to decipher the molecular determinants for condensin binding. To investigate how condensin mediates DNA compaction, we propose to generate chromosome-wide DNA/DNA proximity maps. Our approach will be an extension of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique. High throughput sequencing of interaction points has provided a first glimpse of the interactions that govern chromosome condensation. The role that condensin plays in promoting these interactions will be investigated. The contribution of condensin s ATP-dependent activities, and cell cycle-dependent post-translational modifications, will be studied. This will be complemented by mathematical modelling of the condensation process. In addition to chromosome condensation, condensin is required for resolution of sister chromatids in anaphase. We will develop an assay to study the catenation status of sister chromatids and how condensin may contribute to their topological resolution.
Eukaryotic cells inherit much of their genomic information in the form of chromosomes during cell division. Centimetre-long DNA molecules are packed into micrometer-sized chromosomes to enable this process. How DNA is organised within mitotic chromosomes is still largely unknown. A key structural protein component of mitotic chromosomes, implicated in their compaction, is the condensin complex. In this proposal, we aim to elucidate the molecular architecture of mitotic chromosomes, taking advantage of new genomic techniques and the relatively simple genome organisation of yeast model systems. We will place particular emphasis on elucidating the contribution of the condensin complex, and the cell cycle regulation of its activities, in promoting chromosome condensation. Our previous work has provided genome-wide maps of condensin binding to budding and fission yeast chromosomes. We will continue to decipher the molecular determinants for condensin binding. To investigate how condensin mediates DNA compaction, we propose to generate chromosome-wide DNA/DNA proximity maps. Our approach will be an extension of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique. High throughput sequencing of interaction points has provided a first glimpse of the interactions that govern chromosome condensation. The role that condensin plays in promoting these interactions will be investigated. The contribution of condensin s ATP-dependent activities, and cell cycle-dependent post-translational modifications, will be studied. This will be complemented by mathematical modelling of the condensation process. In addition to chromosome condensation, condensin is required for resolution of sister chromatids in anaphase. We will develop an assay to study the catenation status of sister chromatids and how condensin may contribute to their topological resolution.
Project acronym CILIARYDISEASE
Project Deciphering mechanisms of ciliary disease
Researcher (PI) Heiko Lickert
Host Institution (HI) HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN DEUTSCHES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER GESUNDHEIT UND UMWELT GMBH
Summary Ciliopathies are pleiotropic diseases with a wide spectrum of human phenotypes. These include cyst formation in the liver and pancreas, respiratory disorders and a predisposition to diabetes and cancer. The pleiotropic nature of these disorders may reflect the many roles cilia play in physiology and signalling, highlighting the clinical importance of understanding their function in organ development and homeostasis. Despite the biological importance of cilia and decades of research, many aspects of cilia assembly and disassembly remain elusive. The earliest steps of cilia assembly involve conversion of the centrosome into a basal body, which anchors the cilia to the plasma membrane. Odf2 is one of the only proteins known to be important for this process, thus Ofd2 mutant cells lack cilia. During cell cycle re-entry primary cilia disassemble, the basal body dislodges from the plasma membrane and duplicates to serve as the mitotic centrosome. We recently identified Pitchfork, which functions in basal body-to-centrosome conversion and regulates embryonic patterning. The overall aim of this proposal is to better understand the cellular and bio-molecular mechanisms underlying ciliary disease. We will conditionally delete Odf2 and Pitchfork during embryogenesis and organogenesis. This will reveal the different requirements for the process of cilia assembly and disassembly in embryonic development, organ formation and homeostasis. The phenotypes will be analyzed at all levels of complexity. Subcellular imaging and identification of protein interaction partners will uncover the molecular basis of cilia assembly and disassembly. In summary, this project will decipher mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of human ciliary disease and will open new avenues of clinical research.
Ciliopathies are pleiotropic diseases with a wide spectrum of human phenotypes. These include cyst formation in the liver and pancreas, respiratory disorders and a predisposition to diabetes and cancer. The pleiotropic nature of these disorders may reflect the many roles cilia play in physiology and signalling, highlighting the clinical importance of understanding their function in organ development and homeostasis. Despite the biological importance of cilia and decades of research, many aspects of cilia assembly and disassembly remain elusive. The earliest steps of cilia assembly involve conversion of the centrosome into a basal body, which anchors the cilia to the plasma membrane. Odf2 is one of the only proteins known to be important for this process, thus Ofd2 mutant cells lack cilia. During cell cycle re-entry primary cilia disassemble, the basal body dislodges from the plasma membrane and duplicates to serve as the mitotic centrosome. We recently identified Pitchfork, which functions in basal body-to-centrosome conversion and regulates embryonic patterning. The overall aim of this proposal is to better understand the cellular and bio-molecular mechanisms underlying ciliary disease. We will conditionally delete Odf2 and Pitchfork during embryogenesis and organogenesis. This will reveal the different requirements for the process of cilia assembly and disassembly in embryonic development, organ formation and homeostasis. The phenotypes will be analyzed at all levels of complexity. Subcellular imaging and identification of protein interaction partners will uncover the molecular basis of cilia assembly and disassembly. In summary, this project will decipher mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of human ciliary disease and will open new avenues of clinical research.
Project acronym CLEAR
Project Modulating cellular clearance to cure human disease
Researcher (PI) Andrea Ballabio
Host Institution (HI) FONDAZIONE TELETHON
Summary Cellular clearance is a fundamental process required by all cells in all species. Important physiological processes, such as aging, and pathological mechanisms, such as neurodegeneration, are strictly dependent on cellular clearance. In eukaryotes, most of the cellular clearing processes occur in a specialized organelle, the lysosome. This project is based on a recent discovery, made in our laboratory, of a gene network, which we have named CLEAR, that controls lysosomal biogenesis and function and regulates cellular clearance. The specific goals of the project are: 1) the comprehensive characterization of the mechanisms underlying the CLEAR network, 2) the thorough understanding of CLEAR physiological function at the cellular and organism levels, 3) the development of strategies and tools to modulate cellular clearance, and 4) the implementation of proof-of-principle therapeutic studies based on the activation of the CLEAR network in murine models of human lysosomal storage disorders and of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers s and Huntington s diseases. A combination of genomics, bioinformatics, systems biology, chemical genomics, cell biology, and mouse genetics approaches will be used to achieve these goals. Our goal is to develop tools to modulate cellular clearance and to use such tools to develop therapies to cure human disease. The potential medical relevance of this project is very high, particularly in the field of neurodegenerative disease. Therapies that prevent, ameliorate or delay neurodegeneration in these diseases would have a huge impact on human health.
Cellular clearance is a fundamental process required by all cells in all species. Important physiological processes, such as aging, and pathological mechanisms, such as neurodegeneration, are strictly dependent on cellular clearance. In eukaryotes, most of the cellular clearing processes occur in a specialized organelle, the lysosome. This project is based on a recent discovery, made in our laboratory, of a gene network, which we have named CLEAR, that controls lysosomal biogenesis and function and regulates cellular clearance. The specific goals of the project are: 1) the comprehensive characterization of the mechanisms underlying the CLEAR network, 2) the thorough understanding of CLEAR physiological function at the cellular and organism levels, 3) the development of strategies and tools to modulate cellular clearance, and 4) the implementation of proof-of-principle therapeutic studies based on the activation of the CLEAR network in murine models of human lysosomal storage disorders and of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers s and Huntington s diseases. A combination of genomics, bioinformatics, systems biology, chemical genomics, cell biology, and mouse genetics approaches will be used to achieve these goals. Our goal is to develop tools to modulate cellular clearance and to use such tools to develop therapies to cure human disease. The potential medical relevance of this project is very high, particularly in the field of neurodegenerative disease. Therapies that prevent, ameliorate or delay neurodegeneration in these diseases would have a huge impact on human health.
Project acronym COGNIMUND
Project Cognitive Image Understanding: Image representations and Multimodal learning
Researcher (PI) Tinne Tuytelaars
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), PE6, ERC-2009-StG
Summary One of the primary and most appealing goals of computer vision is to automatically understand the content of images on a cognitive level. Ultimately we want to have computers interpret images as we humans do, recognizing all the objects, scenes, and people as well as their relations as they appear in natural images or video. With this project, I want to advance the state of the art in this field in two directions, which I believe to be crucial to build the next generation of image understanding tools. First, novel more robust yet descriptive image representations will be designed, that incorporate the intrinsic structure of images. These should already go a long way towards removing irrelevant sources of variability while capturing the essence of the image content. I believe the importance of further research into image representations is currently underestimated within the research community, yet I claim this is a crucial step with lots of opportunities good learning cannot easily make up for bad features. Second, weakly supervised methods to learn from multimodal input (especially the combination of images and text) will be investigated, making it possible to leverage the large amount of weak annotations available via the internet. This is essential if we want to scale the methods to a larger number of object categories (several hundreds instead of a few tens). As more data can be used for training, such weakly supervised methods might in the end even come on par with or outperform supervised schemes. Here we will call upon the latest results in semi-supervised learning, datamining, and computational linguistics.
One of the primary and most appealing goals of computer vision is to automatically understand the content of images on a cognitive level. Ultimately we want to have computers interpret images as we humans do, recognizing all the objects, scenes, and people as well as their relations as they appear in natural images or video. With this project, I want to advance the state of the art in this field in two directions, which I believe to be crucial to build the next generation of image understanding tools. First, novel more robust yet descriptive image representations will be designed, that incorporate the intrinsic structure of images. These should already go a long way towards removing irrelevant sources of variability while capturing the essence of the image content. I believe the importance of further research into image representations is currently underestimated within the research community, yet I claim this is a crucial step with lots of opportunities good learning cannot easily make up for bad features. Second, weakly supervised methods to learn from multimodal input (especially the combination of images and text) will be investigated, making it possible to leverage the large amount of weak annotations available via the internet. This is essential if we want to scale the methods to a larger number of object categories (several hundreds instead of a few tens). As more data can be used for training, such weakly supervised methods might in the end even come on par with or outperform supervised schemes. Here we will call upon the latest results in semi-supervised learning, datamining, and computational linguistics.
Project acronym COGNITION
Project Cognition and Decision-Making: Laws, Norms and Contracts
Researcher (PI) Jean Tirole
Host Institution (HI) FONDATION JEAN JACQUES LAFFONT,TOULOUSE SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES
Summary The application's unifying theme is cognition. Any decision reflects the information that comes to the decision-maker's awareness at the moment of making the decision. In turn, this information is the stochastic outcome of a sequence of more or less conscious choices and of awareness manipulation by third parties. The three parts of this application all are concerned with two factors of limited awareness (cognitive costs and motivated beliefs) and with the application of imperfect cognition to economics. The various projects can be subsumed into three themes, each with different subprojects: 1. Self-serving beliefs, laws, norms and taboos (expressive function of the law, taboos, dignity and contracts). 2. Cognition, markets, and contracts (mechanism design under costly cognition, directing attention in markets and politics). 3. Cognition and individual decision-making (foundations of some non-standard preferences). The methodology for this research will be that of formal economic modeling and welfare analysis, enriched with important insights from psychology and sociology. It will also include experimental (laboratory) investigations. The output will first take the form of a series of articles in economics journals, as well as, for the research described in Part 1, a book to disseminate the research to broader, multidisciplinary and non-specialized audiences.
The application's unifying theme is cognition. Any decision reflects the information that comes to the decision-maker's awareness at the moment of making the decision. In turn, this information is the stochastic outcome of a sequence of more or less conscious choices and of awareness manipulation by third parties. The three parts of this application all are concerned with two factors of limited awareness (cognitive costs and motivated beliefs) and with the application of imperfect cognition to economics. The various projects can be subsumed into three themes, each with different subprojects: 1. Self-serving beliefs, laws, norms and taboos (expressive function of the law, taboos, dignity and contracts). 2. Cognition, markets, and contracts (mechanism design under costly cognition, directing attention in markets and politics). 3. Cognition and individual decision-making (foundations of some non-standard preferences). The methodology for this research will be that of formal economic modeling and welfare analysis, enriched with important insights from psychology and sociology. It will also include experimental (laboratory) investigations. The output will first take the form of a series of articles in economics journals, as well as, for the research described in Part 1, a book to disseminate the research to broader, multidisciplinary and non-specialized audiences.
Project acronym COGSYSTEMS
Project Understanding actions and intentions of others
Researcher (PI) Giacomo Rizzolatti
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PARMA
Summary How do we understand the actions and intentions of others? Hereby we intend to address this issue by using a multidisciplinary approach. Our project is subdivided into four parts. In the first part we investigate the neural organization of monkey area F5, an area deeply involved in motor act understanding. By using a new set of electrodes we will describe the columnar organization of the area F5, establish the temporal relationships between the activity of F5 mirror and motor neurons, and correlate the activity of mirror neurons coding the observed motor acts in peripersonal and extrapersonal space with the activity of motor neurons in the same cortical column. In the second part we will assess the neural mechanism underlying the understanding of the intention of complex actions , i.e. actions formed by a sequence of two (or more) individual actions. The focus will be on the neurons located in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, an area involved in the organization of high-order motor behavior. The rational of the experiment is that, while the organization of single actions and the understanding of intention behind them is function of parietal neurons, that of complex actions relies on the activity of the prefrontal lobe. In the third and fourth parts of the project we will delimit the cortical areas involved in understanding the goal (the what) and the intention (the why) of the observed actions in individuals with typical development (TD) and in children with autism and will establish the time relation between these two processes. Our hypothesis is that the chained organization of intentional motor acts is impaired in children with autism and this impairment prevents them from organizing normally their actions and from understanding others intentions.
How do we understand the actions and intentions of others? Hereby we intend to address this issue by using a multidisciplinary approach. Our project is subdivided into four parts. In the first part we investigate the neural organization of monkey area F5, an area deeply involved in motor act understanding. By using a new set of electrodes we will describe the columnar organization of the area F5, establish the temporal relationships between the activity of F5 mirror and motor neurons, and correlate the activity of mirror neurons coding the observed motor acts in peripersonal and extrapersonal space with the activity of motor neurons in the same cortical column. In the second part we will assess the neural mechanism underlying the understanding of the intention of complex actions , i.e. actions formed by a sequence of two (or more) individual actions. The focus will be on the neurons located in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, an area involved in the organization of high-order motor behavior. The rational of the experiment is that, while the organization of single actions and the understanding of intention behind them is function of parietal neurons, that of complex actions relies on the activity of the prefrontal lobe. In the third and fourth parts of the project we will delimit the cortical areas involved in understanding the goal (the what) and the intention (the why) of the observed actions in individuals with typical development (TD) and in children with autism and will establish the time relation between these two processes. Our hypothesis is that the chained organization of intentional motor acts is impaired in children with autism and this impairment prevents them from organizing normally their actions and from understanding others intentions.
Project acronym COHORT
Project The demography of skills and beliefs in Europe with a focus on cohort change
Researcher (PI) Vegard Fykse Skirbekk
Host Institution (HI) INTERNATIONALES INSTITUT FUER ANGEWANDTE SYSTEMANALYSE
Summary The central research theme of this proposal is the study of social change (skills, productivity, attitudes and beliefs) in Europe along cohort lines and as a function of changing age composition. Using demographic methods, age-specific and cohort-specific changes shall be quantitatively disentangled. The impact of migration flows as well as fertility differentials combined with intergenerational transmissions will be taken into account. It is expected that viewed together, these analyses will result in significant new insights and represent frontier research about likely social and economic challenges associated with ageing and demographic change in Europe and the appropriate policies for coping with them. Unlike projections of long-term economic growth or energy use, demographic forecasts tend to have comparatively low margins of error, even for forecasts half a century ahead. Traits that change systematically along age or cohort lines may therefore be projected with some degree of accuracy, which in turn can allow governments and individuals to better foresee and improve policies for predictable social change. The study will investigate two major topics, the first relating to human capital, skills, and work performance; the second relating to beliefs and attitudes in Europe. Understanding age variation in productivity and how to improve senior workers skills and capacities are paramount for ageing countries. Moreover, individual-level demographic behaviour can have aggregate level implications, including changing societal values and belief structures. The binding element is how such projections will improve one s capacity to foresee and hence develop more targeted policies that relate to ageing societies.
The central research theme of this proposal is the study of social change (skills, productivity, attitudes and beliefs) in Europe along cohort lines and as a function of changing age composition. Using demographic methods, age-specific and cohort-specific changes shall be quantitatively disentangled. The impact of migration flows as well as fertility differentials combined with intergenerational transmissions will be taken into account. It is expected that viewed together, these analyses will result in significant new insights and represent frontier research about likely social and economic challenges associated with ageing and demographic change in Europe and the appropriate policies for coping with them. Unlike projections of long-term economic growth or energy use, demographic forecasts tend to have comparatively low margins of error, even for forecasts half a century ahead. Traits that change systematically along age or cohort lines may therefore be projected with some degree of accuracy, which in turn can allow governments and individuals to better foresee and improve policies for predictable social change. The study will investigate two major topics, the first relating to human capital, skills, and work performance; the second relating to beliefs and attitudes in Europe. Understanding age variation in productivity and how to improve senior workers skills and capacities are paramount for ageing countries. Moreover, individual-level demographic behaviour can have aggregate level implications, including changing societal values and belief structures. The binding element is how such projections will improve one s capacity to foresee and hence develop more targeted policies that relate to ageing societies.
Project acronym COMPLEX REASON
Project The Parameterized Complexity of Reasoning Problems
Researcher (PI) Stefan Szeider
Host Institution (HI) TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN
Summary Reasoning, to derive conclusions from facts, is a fundamental task in Artificial Intelligence, arising in a wide range of applications from Robotics to Expert Systems. The aim of this project is to devise new efficient algorithms for real-world reasoning problems and to get new insights into the question of what makes a reasoning problem hard, and what makes it easy. As key to novel and groundbreaking results we propose to study reasoning problems within the framework of Parameterized Complexity, a new and rapidly emerging field of Algorithms and Complexity. Parameterized Complexity takes structural aspects of problem instances into account which are most significant for empirically observed problem-hardness. Most of the considered reasoning problems are intractable in general, but the real-world context of their origin provides structural information that can be made accessible to algorithms in form of parameters. This makes Parameterized Complexity an ideal setting for the analysis and efficient solution of these problems. A systematic study of the Parameterized Complexity of reasoning problems that covers theoretical and empirical aspects is so far outstanding. This proposal sets out to do exactly this and has therefore a great potential for groundbreaking new results. The proposed research aims at a significant impact on the research culture by setting the grounds for a closer cooperation between theorists and practitioners.
Reasoning, to derive conclusions from facts, is a fundamental task in Artificial Intelligence, arising in a wide range of applications from Robotics to Expert Systems. The aim of this project is to devise new efficient algorithms for real-world reasoning problems and to get new insights into the question of what makes a reasoning problem hard, and what makes it easy. As key to novel and groundbreaking results we propose to study reasoning problems within the framework of Parameterized Complexity, a new and rapidly emerging field of Algorithms and Complexity. Parameterized Complexity takes structural aspects of problem instances into account which are most significant for empirically observed problem-hardness. Most of the considered reasoning problems are intractable in general, but the real-world context of their origin provides structural information that can be made accessible to algorithms in form of parameters. This makes Parameterized Complexity an ideal setting for the analysis and efficient solution of these problems. A systematic study of the Parameterized Complexity of reasoning problems that covers theoretical and empirical aspects is so far outstanding. This proposal sets out to do exactly this and has therefore a great potential for groundbreaking new results. The proposed research aims at a significant impact on the research culture by setting the grounds for a closer cooperation between theorists and practitioners.
Project acronym CONVEXVISION
Project Convex Optimization Methods for Computer Vision and Image Analysis
Researcher (PI) Daniel Cremers
Host Institution (HI) TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN
Summary Optimization methods have become an established paradigm to address most Computer Vision challenges including the reconstruction of three-dimensional objects from multiple images, or the tracking of a deformable shape over time. Yet, it has been largely overlooked that optimization approaches are practically useless if they do not come with efficient algorithms to compute minimizers of respective energies. Most existing formulations give rise to non-convex energies. As a consequence, solutions highly depend on the choice of minimization scheme and implementational (initialization, time step sizes, etc.), with little or no guarantees regarding the quality of computed solutions and their robustness to perturbations of the input data. In the proposed research project, we plan to develop optimization methods for Computer Vision which allow to efficiently compute globally optimal solutions. Preliminary results indicate that this will drastically leverage the power of optimization methods and their applicability in a substantially broader context. Specifically we will focus on three lines of research: 1) We will develop convex formulations for a variety of challenges. While convex formulations are currently being developed for low-level problems such as image segmentation, our main effort will focus on carrying convex optimization to higher level problems of image understanding and scene interpretation. 2) We will investigate alternative strategies of global optimization by means of discrete graph theoretic methods. We will characterize advantages and drawbacks of continuous and discrete methods and thereby develop novel algorithms combining the advantages of both approaches. 3) We will go beyond convex formulations, developing relaxation schemes that compute near-optimal solutions for problems that cannot be expressed by convex functionals.
Optimization methods have become an established paradigm to address most Computer Vision challenges including the reconstruction of three-dimensional objects from multiple images, or the tracking of a deformable shape over time. Yet, it has been largely overlooked that optimization approaches are practically useless if they do not come with efficient algorithms to compute minimizers of respective energies. Most existing formulations give rise to non-convex energies. As a consequence, solutions highly depend on the choice of minimization scheme and implementational (initialization, time step sizes, etc.), with little or no guarantees regarding the quality of computed solutions and their robustness to perturbations of the input data. In the proposed research project, we plan to develop optimization methods for Computer Vision which allow to efficiently compute globally optimal solutions. Preliminary results indicate that this will drastically leverage the power of optimization methods and their applicability in a substantially broader context. Specifically we will focus on three lines of research: 1) We will develop convex formulations for a variety of challenges. While convex formulations are currently being developed for low-level problems such as image segmentation, our main effort will focus on carrying convex optimization to higher level problems of image understanding and scene interpretation. 2) We will investigate alternative strategies of global optimization by means of discrete graph theoretic methods. We will characterize advantages and drawbacks of continuous and discrete methods and thereby develop novel algorithms combining the advantages of both approaches. 3) We will go beyond convex formulations, developing relaxation schemes that compute near-optimal solutions for problems that cannot be expressed by convex functionals.
Project acronym DARCGENS
Project Derived and Ancestral RNAs: Comparative Genomics and Evolution of ncRNAs
Researcher (PI) Christopher Paul Ponting
Summary Much light has been shed on the number, mechanisms and functions of protein-coding genes in the human genome. In comparison, we know almost nothing about the origins and mechanisms of the functional dark matter , including sequence that is transcribed outside of protein-coding gene loci. This interdisciplinary proposal will capitalize on new theoretical and experimental opportunities to establish the extent by which long non-coding RNAs contribute to mammalian and fruit fly biology. Since 2001, the Ponting group has pioneered the comparative analysis of protein-coding genes across the amniotes and Drosophilids within many international genome sequencing consortia. This Advanced Grant will break new ground by applying these approaches to long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) genes from mammals to birds and to flies. The Grant will allow Ponting to free himself of the constraints normally associated with in silico analyses by analysing lincRNAs in vitro and in vivo. The integration of computational and experimental approaches for lincRNAs from across the metazoan tree provides a powerful new toolkit for elucidating the origins and biological roles of these enigmatic molecules. Catalogues of lincRNA loci will be built for human, mouse, fruit fly, zebrafinch, chicken and Aplysia by exploiting data from next-generation sequencing technologies. This will immediately provide a new perspective on how these loci arise, evolve and function, including whether their orthologues are apparent across diverse species. Using new evidence that lincRNA loci act in cis with neighbouring protein-coding loci, we will determine lincRNA mechanisms and will establish the consequences of lincRNA knock-down, knock-out and over-expression in mouse, chick and fruitfly.
Much light has been shed on the number, mechanisms and functions of protein-coding genes in the human genome. In comparison, we know almost nothing about the origins and mechanisms of the functional dark matter , including sequence that is transcribed outside of protein-coding gene loci. This interdisciplinary proposal will capitalize on new theoretical and experimental opportunities to establish the extent by which long non-coding RNAs contribute to mammalian and fruit fly biology. Since 2001, the Ponting group has pioneered the comparative analysis of protein-coding genes across the amniotes and Drosophilids within many international genome sequencing consortia. This Advanced Grant will break new ground by applying these approaches to long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) genes from mammals to birds and to flies. The Grant will allow Ponting to free himself of the constraints normally associated with in silico analyses by analysing lincRNAs in vitro and in vivo. The integration of computational and experimental approaches for lincRNAs from across the metazoan tree provides a powerful new toolkit for elucidating the origins and biological roles of these enigmatic molecules. Catalogues of lincRNA loci will be built for human, mouse, fruit fly, zebrafinch, chicken and Aplysia by exploiting data from next-generation sequencing technologies. This will immediately provide a new perspective on how these loci arise, evolve and function, including whether their orthologues are apparent across diverse species. Using new evidence that lincRNA loci act in cis with neighbouring protein-coding loci, we will determine lincRNA mechanisms and will establish the consequences of lincRNA knock-down, knock-out and over-expression in mouse, chick and fruitfly.
Project acronym DCFM
Project Default and Collateral in Financial Markets
Researcher (PI) Ioannis Vailakis
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Summary The main objective of this project is to research the economic implications of default and collateral in financial markets. It is motivated from the observation that much of the lending in modern economies is secured by some form of collateral and by the empirical fact that modern economies experience a substantial amount of default and bankruptcy. From a theoretical perspective, the research aims to explore new ways of modelling default and collateral and employ them to evaluate the impact of default and collateral on market outcomes. From a policy recommendation perspective, the research aims to develop models with testable implications that can be used by practitioners to discuss the consequences of a wide range of policies. In particular, to explore which kind of regulation procedures should be implemented in order to lower the risk of default and at the same time not to reduce too much risk-sharing. The agenda includes two research directions. The first research direction will focus on the implications of default and collateral in economies with bounded rational agents. Our aim is to understand how default and collateral affect market outcomes in environments where agents are allowed to have very divergent and therefore possibly incorrect beliefs about endogenous economic variables like future prices and delivery rates. The second research direction will focus on the implications of default and collateral in economies with an open ended horizon. Our aim is to investigate endogenous debt constraints that are compatible with equilibrium and simultaneously allow for as much risk sharing as possible.
The main objective of this project is to research the economic implications of default and collateral in financial markets. It is motivated from the observation that much of the lending in modern economies is secured by some form of collateral and by the empirical fact that modern economies experience a substantial amount of default and bankruptcy. From a theoretical perspective, the research aims to explore new ways of modelling default and collateral and employ them to evaluate the impact of default and collateral on market outcomes. From a policy recommendation perspective, the research aims to develop models with testable implications that can be used by practitioners to discuss the consequences of a wide range of policies. In particular, to explore which kind of regulation procedures should be implemented in order to lower the risk of default and at the same time not to reduce too much risk-sharing. The agenda includes two research directions. The first research direction will focus on the implications of default and collateral in economies with bounded rational agents. Our aim is to understand how default and collateral affect market outcomes in environments where agents are allowed to have very divergent and therefore possibly incorrect beliefs about endogenous economic variables like future prices and delivery rates. The second research direction will focus on the implications of default and collateral in economies with an open ended horizon. Our aim is to investigate endogenous debt constraints that are compatible with equilibrium and simultaneously allow for as much risk sharing as possible.
Project acronym DECODE
Project Decoding the complexity of quantitative natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Researcher (PI) Olivier Loudet
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE POUR L'AGRICULTURE, L'ALIMENTATION ET L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Summary Following a long history of quantitative genetics in crop plants, it now becomes feasible to use naturally-occuring variation contained in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions (lines isolated from natural populations) as the source of quantitative genomics approaches, designed to map QTLs and resolve them at the gene level. Apart from being able to exploit in multiple genetic backgrounds allelic variation that cannot be easily generated by conventional mutagenesis, the (relatively few) success of the QTL studies has often been because of the use of quantitative phenotyping, as opposed to the qualitative gauges used in typical mutant screens. Among the various genetic mechanisms responsible for natural variation that have just started to be revealed, cis-acting regulation is potentially of large impact, despite remaining more difficult to recognize and confirm. The objective of this project is to apply genome-wide quantitative molecular genetics to both, a very integrative and classical quantitative trait (growth in interaction with the environment) and a molecular trait a priori more directly linked to the source of variation (gene expression under cis-regulation). We propose to use a combination of our unique high-troughput phenotyping robot, fine-mapping, complementation approaches and association genetics to pinpoint a significant number of QTLs and eQTLs to the gene level and identify causative polymorphisms and the molecular variation controlling natural diversity. Working at an unprecedented scale should finally allow to resolve enough quantitative loci and pay a significant contribution to drawing a general picture as to how and where in the pathways adaptation is shaping natural variation and improve our understanding of the transcriptional cis-regulatory code.
Following a long history of quantitative genetics in crop plants, it now becomes feasible to use naturally-occuring variation contained in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions (lines isolated from natural populations) as the source of quantitative genomics approaches, designed to map QTLs and resolve them at the gene level. Apart from being able to exploit in multiple genetic backgrounds allelic variation that cannot be easily generated by conventional mutagenesis, the (relatively few) success of the QTL studies has often been because of the use of quantitative phenotyping, as opposed to the qualitative gauges used in typical mutant screens. Among the various genetic mechanisms responsible for natural variation that have just started to be revealed, cis-acting regulation is potentially of large impact, despite remaining more difficult to recognize and confirm. The objective of this project is to apply genome-wide quantitative molecular genetics to both, a very integrative and classical quantitative trait (growth in interaction with the environment) and a molecular trait a priori more directly linked to the source of variation (gene expression under cis-regulation). We propose to use a combination of our unique high-troughput phenotyping robot, fine-mapping, complementation approaches and association genetics to pinpoint a significant number of QTLs and eQTLs to the gene level and identify causative polymorphisms and the molecular variation controlling natural diversity. Working at an unprecedented scale should finally allow to resolve enough quantitative loci and pay a significant contribution to drawing a general picture as to how and where in the pathways adaptation is shaping natural variation and improve our understanding of the transcriptional cis-regulatory code.
Project acronym DEFACT
Project DNA repair factories how cells do biochemistry
Researcher (PI) Michael Lisby
Host Institution (HI) KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET
Summary The integrity of a cell's genome is constantly challenged by DNA lesions such as base modifications and DNA strand breaks. A single double-strand break is lethal if unrepaired and may lead to loss-of-heterozygosity, mutations, deletions, genomic rearrangements and chromosome loss if repaired improperly. Such genetic alterations are the main cause of cancer and other genetic diseases. Homologous recombination is an error-free pathway for repairing DNA lesions such as single- and double-strand breaks, and for the restart of collapsed replication forks. This pathway is catalyzed by giga-Dalton protein complexes consisting of dozens of different proteins. These DNA repair factories are able to catalyze complex, multi-step biochemical processes, which have so far failed reconstitution in vitro. The aim of this project is to establish an understanding of how cells catalyze complex biochemical processes such as homologous recombination in vivo. To reach this goal, we will seek to define the complete set of RNA and protein components of DNA repair factories using a combination of genetic, cell biological and biochemical approaches in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, we will characterize the molecular architecture of DNA repair factories using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and by applying systematic hybrid loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) to physical interactions among DNA repair proteins. Key findings will be extended to metazoans using the chicken DT40 model system. My aim is to determine the fundamental molecular principles that govern protein factories in living cells. As such, our results are likely to be directly relevant to other protein factories such as DNA replication factories, PML bodies, nuclear pore complexes and transcription clusters.
The integrity of a cell's genome is constantly challenged by DNA lesions such as base modifications and DNA strand breaks. A single double-strand break is lethal if unrepaired and may lead to loss-of-heterozygosity, mutations, deletions, genomic rearrangements and chromosome loss if repaired improperly. Such genetic alterations are the main cause of cancer and other genetic diseases. Homologous recombination is an error-free pathway for repairing DNA lesions such as single- and double-strand breaks, and for the restart of collapsed replication forks. This pathway is catalyzed by giga-Dalton protein complexes consisting of dozens of different proteins. These DNA repair factories are able to catalyze complex, multi-step biochemical processes, which have so far failed reconstitution in vitro. The aim of this project is to establish an understanding of how cells catalyze complex biochemical processes such as homologous recombination in vivo. To reach this goal, we will seek to define the complete set of RNA and protein components of DNA repair factories using a combination of genetic, cell biological and biochemical approaches in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, we will characterize the molecular architecture of DNA repair factories using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and by applying systematic hybrid loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) to physical interactions among DNA repair proteins. Key findings will be extended to metazoans using the chicken DT40 model system. My aim is to determine the fundamental molecular principles that govern protein factories in living cells. As such, our results are likely to be directly relevant to other protein factories such as DNA replication factories, PML bodies, nuclear pore complexes and transcription clusters.
Project acronym DELPHINS
Project DESIGN AND ELABORATION OFMULTI-PHYSICS INTEGRATED NANOSYSTEMS
Researcher (PI) Thomas Ernst
Host Institution (HI) COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
Summary The innovation of DELPHINS application will consist in building a generic multi-sensor design platform for embedded multi-gas-analysis-on-chip, based on a global modelling from the individual NEMS sensors to a global multiphysics NEMS-CMOS VLSI (Very large Scale Integration) system. The latter constitute a new research field with many potential applications such as in medicine (specific diseases recognition) but also in security (toxic and complex air pollutions), in industry (perfumes, agribusiness) and environment control. As an example, several studies in the last 10 years have demonstrated that some specific combination of biomarkers in breath above a given threshold could indicate early stage of diseases. More generally, patterns of breathing gas could constitute a virtual fingerprint of specific pathologies. NEMS (Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems) based sensor is one of the most promising technologies to get the required resolutions and sensitivities for few molecules detection. We will focus on the analytical module of the system (sensing part + embedded electronics processing) that will include ultra-dense (more than thousands) NEMS arrays with state-of the art CMOS transistors. We will obtain integrated nano-oscillators individually addressed within an innovative architecture inspired from memory and imaging technologies. Few molecules sensitivity will be achieved thanks to suspended resonant nanowires co-integrated locally with their closed-loop and reading electronics. This would make possible the analysis of complex gases within an integrated portable system, which does not exist yet.
The innovation of DELPHINS application will consist in building a generic multi-sensor design platform for embedded multi-gas-analysis-on-chip, based on a global modelling from the individual NEMS sensors to a global multiphysics NEMS-CMOS VLSI (Very large Scale Integration) system. The latter constitute a new research field with many potential applications such as in medicine (specific diseases recognition) but also in security (toxic and complex air pollutions), in industry (perfumes, agribusiness) and environment control. As an example, several studies in the last 10 years have demonstrated that some specific combination of biomarkers in breath above a given threshold could indicate early stage of diseases. More generally, patterns of breathing gas could constitute a virtual fingerprint of specific pathologies. NEMS (Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems) based sensor is one of the most promising technologies to get the required resolutions and sensitivities for few molecules detection. We will focus on the analytical module of the system (sensing part + embedded electronics processing) that will include ultra-dense (more than thousands) NEMS arrays with state-of the art CMOS transistors. We will obtain integrated nano-oscillators individually addressed within an innovative architecture inspired from memory and imaging technologies. Few molecules sensitivity will be achieved thanks to suspended resonant nanowires co-integrated locally with their closed-loop and reading electronics. This would make possible the analysis of complex gases within an integrated portable system, which does not exist yet.
Project acronym DEMIG
Project The determinants of international migration: A theoretical and empirical assessment of policy, origin and destination effects
Researcher (PI) Hein Gysbert De Haas
Summary The main question of this research project is: how do migration policies of receiving and sending states affect the size, direction and nature of international migration to wealthy countries? The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their apparent failure to steer immigration and their many unintended, perverse effects. Due to fundamental conceptual and methodological flaws, most empirical evidence has remained largely descriptive and biased by omitting crucial sending country and policy variables. This project answers this question by embedding the systematic empirical analysis of policy effects into a comprehensive theoretical framework of the macro and meso-level forces driving international migration to and from wealthy countries. This is achieved by linking separately evolved migration theories focusing on either sending or receiving countries and integrating them with theories on the internal dynamics of migration processes. A systematic review and categorisation of receiving and sending country migration policies will provide an improved operationalisation of policy variables. Subsequently, this framework will be subjected to quantitative empirical tests drawing on gross and bilateral (country-to-country) migration flow data, with a particular focus on Europe. Methodologically, this project is groundbreaking by introducing a longitudinal, double comparative approach by studying migration flows of multiple origin groups to multiple destination countries. This design enables a unique, simultaneous analysis of origin and destination country, network and policy effects. Theoretically, this research project is innovative by going beyond simple push-pull and equilibrium models and linking sending and receiving side, and economic and non-economic migration theory. This project is policy-relevant by improving insight in the way policies shape migration processes in their interaction with other migration determinants
The main question of this research project is: how do migration policies of receiving and sending states affect the size, direction and nature of international migration to wealthy countries? The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their apparent failure to steer immigration and their many unintended, perverse effects. Due to fundamental conceptual and methodological flaws, most empirical evidence has remained largely descriptive and biased by omitting crucial sending country and policy variables. This project answers this question by embedding the systematic empirical analysis of policy effects into a comprehensive theoretical framework of the macro and meso-level forces driving international migration to and from wealthy countries. This is achieved by linking separately evolved migration theories focusing on either sending or receiving countries and integrating them with theories on the internal dynamics of migration processes. A systematic review and categorisation of receiving and sending country migration policies will provide an improved operationalisation of policy variables. Subsequently, this framework will be subjected to quantitative empirical tests drawing on gross and bilateral (country-to-country) migration flow data, with a particular focus on Europe. Methodologically, this project is groundbreaking by introducing a longitudinal, double comparative approach by studying migration flows of multiple origin groups to multiple destination countries. This design enables a unique, simultaneous analysis of origin and destination country, network and policy effects. Theoretically, this research project is innovative by going beyond simple push-pull and equilibrium models and linking sending and receiving side, and economic and non-economic migration theory. This project is policy-relevant by improving insight in the way policies shape migration processes in their interaction with other migration determinants
Project acronym DENDRITE
Project Cellular and circuit determinants of dendritic computation
Researcher (PI) Michael Andreas Hausser
Summary What is the fundamental unit of computation in the brain? Answering this question is crucial not only for understanding how the brain works, but also for building accurate models of brain function, which require abstraction based on identification of the essential elements for carrying out computations relevant to behaviour. We will directly test the possibility that single dendritic branches may act as individual computational units during behaviour, challenging the classical view that the neuron is the fundamental unit of computation. We will address this question using a combination of electrophysiological, anatomical, imaging, molecular, and modeling approaches to probe dendritic integration in pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells in mouse cortex and cerebellum. We will define the computational rules for integration of synaptic input in dendrites by examining the responses to different spatiotemporal patterns of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. We will use computational modeling to extract simple rules describing dendritic integration that captures the essence of the computation. Next, we will determine how these rules are engaged by patterns of sensory stimulation in vivo, by using various strategies to map the spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic inputs to dendrites. To understand how physiological patterns of activity in the circuit engage these dendritic computations, we will use anatomical approaches to map the wiring diagram of synaptic inputs to individual dendrites. Finally, we will manipulate dendritic function using molecular tools, in order to provide causal links between specific dendritic computations and sensory processing. These experiments will provide us with deeper insights into how single neurons act as computing devices, and how fundamental computations that drive behaviour are implemented on the level of single cells and neural circuits.
What is the fundamental unit of computation in the brain? Answering this question is crucial not only for understanding how the brain works, but also for building accurate models of brain function, which require abstraction based on identification of the essential elements for carrying out computations relevant to behaviour. We will directly test the possibility that single dendritic branches may act as individual computational units during behaviour, challenging the classical view that the neuron is the fundamental unit of computation. We will address this question using a combination of electrophysiological, anatomical, imaging, molecular, and modeling approaches to probe dendritic integration in pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells in mouse cortex and cerebellum. We will define the computational rules for integration of synaptic input in dendrites by examining the responses to different spatiotemporal patterns of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. We will use computational modeling to extract simple rules describing dendritic integration that captures the essence of the computation. Next, we will determine how these rules are engaged by patterns of sensory stimulation in vivo, by using various strategies to map the spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic inputs to dendrites. To understand how physiological patterns of activity in the circuit engage these dendritic computations, we will use anatomical approaches to map the wiring diagram of synaptic inputs to individual dendrites. Finally, we will manipulate dendritic function using molecular tools, in order to provide causal links between specific dendritic computations and sensory processing. These experiments will provide us with deeper insights into how single neurons act as computing devices, and how fundamental computations that drive behaviour are implemented on the level of single cells and neural circuits.
Project acronym DEPICT
Project Design principles and controllability of protein circuits
Researcher (PI) Uri Alon
Host Institution (HI) WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Summary Cells use circuits of interacting proteins to respond to their environment. In the past decades, molecular biology has provided detailed knowledge on the proteins in these circuits and their interactions. To fully understand circuit function requires, in addition to molecular knowledge, new concepts that explain how multiple components work together to perform systems level functions. Our lab has been a leader in defining such concepts, based on combined experimental and theoretical study of well characterized circuits in bacteria and human cells. In this proposal we aim to find novel principles on how circuits resist fluctuations and errors, and how they can be controlled by drugs: (1) Why do key regulatory systems use bifunctional enzymes that catalyze antagonistic reactions (e.g. both kinase and phosphatase)? We will test the role of bifunctional enzymes in making circuits robust to variations in protein levels. (2) Why are some genes regulated by a repressor and others by an activator? We will test this in the context of reduction of errors in transcription control. (3) Are there principles that describe how drugs combine to affect protein dynamics in human cells? We will use a novel dynamic proteomics approach developed in our lab to explore how protein dynamics can be controlled by drug combinations. This research will define principles that unite our understanding of seemingly distinct biological systems, and explain their particular design in terms of systems-level functions. This understanding will help form the basis for a future medicine that rationally controls the state of the cell based on a detailed blueprint of their circuit design, and quantitative principles for the effects of drugs on this circuitry.
Cells use circuits of interacting proteins to respond to their environment. In the past decades, molecular biology has provided detailed knowledge on the proteins in these circuits and their interactions. To fully understand circuit function requires, in addition to molecular knowledge, new concepts that explain how multiple components work together to perform systems level functions. Our lab has been a leader in defining such concepts, based on combined experimental and theoretical study of well characterized circuits in bacteria and human cells. In this proposal we aim to find novel principles on how circuits resist fluctuations and errors, and how they can be controlled by drugs: (1) Why do key regulatory systems use bifunctional enzymes that catalyze antagonistic reactions (e.g. both kinase and phosphatase)? We will test the role of bifunctional enzymes in making circuits robust to variations in protein levels. (2) Why are some genes regulated by a repressor and others by an activator? We will test this in the context of reduction of errors in transcription control. (3) Are there principles that describe how drugs combine to affect protein dynamics in human cells? We will use a novel dynamic proteomics approach developed in our lab to explore how protein dynamics can be controlled by drug combinations. This research will define principles that unite our understanding of seemingly distinct biological systems, and explain their particular design in terms of systems-level functions. This understanding will help form the basis for a future medicine that rationally controls the state of the cell based on a detailed blueprint of their circuit design, and quantitative principles for the effects of drugs on this circuitry.
Project acronym DHISP
Project Dorsal Horn Interneurons in Sensory Processing
Researcher (PI) Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
Host Institution (HI) University of Zurich
Summary Chronic pain syndromes are to a large extent due to maladaptive plastic changes in the CNS. A CNS area particularly relevant for such changes is the spinal dorsal horn, where inputs from nociceptive and non-nociceptive fibers undergo their first synaptic integration. This area harbors a sophisticated network of interneurons, which function as a gate-control unit for incoming sensory signals. Several different types of interneurons can be distinguished based e.g. on their neurotransmitter and neuropeptide content. Despite more than 40 years of research, our knowledge about the integration of these neurons in dorsal horn circuits and their contribution to sensory processing is still very limited. This proposal aims at a comprehensive characterization of the dorsal horn neuronal network under normal conditions and in chronic pain states with a focus on inhibitory interneurons. A genome-wide analysis of the gene expression profile shall be made from defined dorsal horn interneurons genetically tagged with fluorescent markers and isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. A functional characterization of the connectivity of these neurons in spinal cord slices and of their role in in vivo sensory processing shall be achieved with optogenetic tools (channelrhodopsin-2), which permit activation of these neurons with light. Finally, behavioral analyses shall be made in mice after diphteria toxin-mediated ablation of defined interneuron types. All three approaches shall be applied to naïve mice and to mice with inflammatory or neuropathic pain. The results from these studies will improve our understanding of the malfunctioning of sensory processing in chronic pain states and will provide the basis for novel approaches to the prevention or reversal of chronic pain states.
Chronic pain syndromes are to a large extent due to maladaptive plastic changes in the CNS. A CNS area particularly relevant for such changes is the spinal dorsal horn, where inputs from nociceptive and non-nociceptive fibers undergo their first synaptic integration. This area harbors a sophisticated network of interneurons, which function as a gate-control unit for incoming sensory signals. Several different types of interneurons can be distinguished based e.g. on their neurotransmitter and neuropeptide content. Despite more than 40 years of research, our knowledge about the integration of these neurons in dorsal horn circuits and their contribution to sensory processing is still very limited. This proposal aims at a comprehensive characterization of the dorsal horn neuronal network under normal conditions and in chronic pain states with a focus on inhibitory interneurons. A genome-wide analysis of the gene expression profile shall be made from defined dorsal horn interneurons genetically tagged with fluorescent markers and isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. A functional characterization of the connectivity of these neurons in spinal cord slices and of their role in in vivo sensory processing shall be achieved with optogenetic tools (channelrhodopsin-2), which permit activation of these neurons with light. Finally, behavioral analyses shall be made in mice after diphteria toxin-mediated ablation of defined interneuron types. All three approaches shall be applied to naïve mice and to mice with inflammatory or neuropathic pain. The results from these studies will improve our understanding of the malfunctioning of sensory processing in chronic pain states and will provide the basis for novel approaches to the prevention or reversal of chronic pain states.
Project acronym DIADEM
Project Domain-centric Intelligent Automated Data Extraction Methodology
Researcher (PI) Georg Gottlob
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), PE6, ERC-2009-AdG
Summary This proposal is in the area of automated web data extraction and web data management. The aim of our project is to provide the logical, methodological, and algorithmic foundations for the knowledge-based extraction of structured data from web sites belonging to specific domains, such as estate agents, restaurants, travel agencies, car dealers, and so on. One core part of this will be a comprehensive multi-dimensional logical data model that will be used to simultaneously represent both the content of a large website, its structure, inferred user-interaction patterns and all meta-information and knowledge (factual and rule-based) that is necessary to automatically perform the desired extraction tasks. I envision that, based on these new foundations, we will be able to build extremely powerful systems that autonomously explore websites of a given domain, understand their structure and extract and output richly structured data in formats such as XML or RDF. We aim at systems that take as input a URL of a website in a given domain, automatically explore this site and deliver as output a structured data set containing all the relevant information present on that site. As an example, imagine a system specialized in the real-estate domain, that receives as input the URL of any real-estate agent, explores the site automatically and outputs richly structured records of all properties that are currently advertised for sale or for rent on the many web pages of this site. We plan to develop and implement at least two such systems for two different domains, including the one mentioned. The breakthrough in automatic data extraction that we are striving for would enable a quantum leap for two interrelated technologies which are the hottest next topics in web search: vertical search, that is, web search in specialized domains, and object search, that is, the search for web data objects rather than web pages.
This proposal is in the area of automated web data extraction and web data management. The aim of our project is to provide the logical, methodological, and algorithmic foundations for the knowledge-based extraction of structured data from web sites belonging to specific domains, such as estate agents, restaurants, travel agencies, car dealers, and so on. One core part of this will be a comprehensive multi-dimensional logical data model that will be used to simultaneously represent both the content of a large website, its structure, inferred user-interaction patterns and all meta-information and knowledge (factual and rule-based) that is necessary to automatically perform the desired extraction tasks. I envision that, based on these new foundations, we will be able to build extremely powerful systems that autonomously explore websites of a given domain, understand their structure and extract and output richly structured data in formats such as XML or RDF. We aim at systems that take as input a URL of a website in a given domain, automatically explore this site and deliver as output a structured data set containing all the relevant information present on that site. As an example, imagine a system specialized in the real-estate domain, that receives as input the URL of any real-estate agent, explores the site automatically and outputs richly structured records of all properties that are currently advertised for sale or for rent on the many web pages of this site. We plan to develop and implement at least two such systems for two different domains, including the one mentioned. The breakthrough in automatic data extraction that we are striving for would enable a quantum leap for two interrelated technologies which are the hottest next topics in web search: vertical search, that is, web search in specialized domains, and object search, that is, the search for web data objects rather than web pages.
Project acronym DMD
Project Dynamic Mechanism Design: Theory and Applications
Researcher (PI) Benedict Moldovanu
Host Institution (HI) RHEINISCHE FRIEDRICH-WILHELMS-UNIVERSITAT BONN
Summary We plan to construct a theoretical bridge between classical dynamic allocation models used in Operations Research/Management Science, and between the modern theory of mechanism design. Our theoretical results will generate insights for the construction of applied pricing schemes and testable implications about the pattern of observed prices. The Economics literature has focused on information and incentive issues in static models, whereas the Operations Research/Management Science literature has looked at dynamic models that were often lacking strategic/ informational aspects. There is an increased recent interest in combining these bodies of knowledge, spurred by studies of yield management, and of decentralized platforms for interaction/ communication among agents. A general mechanism design analysis starts with the characterization of all dynamically implementable allocation policies. Variational arguments can be used then to characterize optimal policies. The research will focus on models with multidimensional incomplete information, such as: 1) Add incomplete information to the dynamic & stochastic knapsack problem; 2) Allow for strategic purchase time in dynamic pricing models; 3)Allow for competing mechanism designers. The ensuing control problems are often not standard and require special tools. An additional attack line will be devoted to models that combine design with learning about the environment. The information revealed by an agent affects then both the value of the current allocation, and the option value of future allocations. We plan to: 1) Derive the properties of learning processes that allow efficient, dynamic implementation; 2) Characterize second-best mechanism in cases where adaptive learning and efficiency are not compatible with each other.
We plan to construct a theoretical bridge between classical dynamic allocation models used in Operations Research/Management Science, and between the modern theory of mechanism design. Our theoretical results will generate insights for the construction of applied pricing schemes and testable implications about the pattern of observed prices. The Economics literature has focused on information and incentive issues in static models, whereas the Operations Research/Management Science literature has looked at dynamic models that were often lacking strategic/ informational aspects. There is an increased recent interest in combining these bodies of knowledge, spurred by studies of yield management, and of decentralized platforms for interaction/ communication among agents. A general mechanism design analysis starts with the characterization of all dynamically implementable allocation policies. Variational arguments can be used then to characterize optimal policies. The research will focus on models with multidimensional incomplete information, such as: 1) Add incomplete information to the dynamic & stochastic knapsack problem; 2) Allow for strategic purchase time in dynamic pricing models; 3)Allow for competing mechanism designers. The ensuing control problems are often not standard and require special tools. An additional attack line will be devoted to models that combine design with learning about the environment. The information revealed by an agent affects then both the value of the current allocation, and the option value of future allocations. We plan to: 1) Derive the properties of learning processes that allow efficient, dynamic implementation; 2) Characterize second-best mechanism in cases where adaptive learning and efficiency are not compatible with each other.
Project acronym DNADEMETHYLASE
Project Functions and mechanism of active DNA demethylation
Researcher (PI) Heinz Christof Niehrs
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT FUR MOLEKULARE BIOLOGIE GGMBH
Summary Epigenetic gene regulation is of central importance for development and disease. Despite dramatic progress in epigenetics during the past decade, DNA demethylation remains one of the last big frontiers and very little is known about it. DNA demethylation is a widespread phenomenon and occurs in plants as well as in animals, during development, in the adult, and during somatic cell reprogramming of pluripotency genes. The molecular identity of the DNA demethylase in animal cells remained unresolved and has hampered progress in the field for decades. In 2007 we published that Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45 a (Gadd45a) is a key player in active DNA demethylation, which opened new avenues in the study of this elusive process. The goal of this project is to further analyze the mechanism of DNA demethylation as well as the role played by Gadd45 in development. Given the many unresolved questions in this burgeoning field, our work promises to be ground-breaking and therefore have a profound impact in unraveling one of the least understood processes of gene regulation. Specifically we will address the following points. I) The biological role of Gadd45 mediated DNA demethylation in mouse embryos and adults is unknown. We have obtained mouse mutants for Gadd45a,b, and g and we will analyze them for developmental defects and dissect the methylation regulation of relevant genes. II) The targeting mechanism by which Gadd45 is binding to and demethylating specific sites in the genome is a central unresolved issue. We have identified a candidate DNA binding protein interacting with Gadd45 and we will analyze its role in site specific targeting of DNA demethylation in vitro and in mouse. III) We found that Gadd45 is an RNA binding protein and we will therefore analyze how non-coding RNAs are involved in targeting and/or activating Gadd45 during DNA demethylation.
Epigenetic gene regulation is of central importance for development and disease. Despite dramatic progress in epigenetics during the past decade, DNA demethylation remains one of the last big frontiers and very little is known about it. DNA demethylation is a widespread phenomenon and occurs in plants as well as in animals, during development, in the adult, and during somatic cell reprogramming of pluripotency genes. The molecular identity of the DNA demethylase in animal cells remained unresolved and has hampered progress in the field for decades. In 2007 we published that Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45 a (Gadd45a) is a key player in active DNA demethylation, which opened new avenues in the study of this elusive process. The goal of this project is to further analyze the mechanism of DNA demethylation as well as the role played by Gadd45 in development. Given the many unresolved questions in this burgeoning field, our work promises to be ground-breaking and therefore have a profound impact in unraveling one of the least understood processes of gene regulation. Specifically we will address the following points. I) The biological role of Gadd45 mediated DNA demethylation in mouse embryos and adults is unknown. We have obtained mouse mutants for Gadd45a,b, and g and we will analyze them for developmental defects and dissect the methylation regulation of relevant genes. II) The targeting mechanism by which Gadd45 is binding to and demethylating specific sites in the genome is a central unresolved issue. We have identified a candidate DNA binding protein interacting with Gadd45 and we will analyze its role in site specific targeting of DNA demethylation in vitro and in mouse. III) We found that Gadd45 is an RNA binding protein and we will therefore analyze how non-coding RNAs are involved in targeting and/or activating Gadd45 during DNA demethylation.
Project acronym DNAREPAIR
Project Defects in DNA strand break repair and links to inheritable disease
Researcher (PI) Stephen West
Host Institution (HI) THE FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE LIMITED
Summary Our genetic material is continually subjected to damage, either from endogenous sources such as reactive oxygen species produced as by-products of oxidative metabolism, from the breakdown of replication forks during cell growth, or by agents in the environment such as ionising radiation or carcinogenic chemicals. To cope with DNA damage, cells employ elaborate and effective repair processes that specifically recognise a wide variety of lesions in DNA. These repair systems are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. Unfortunately, some individuals are genetically predisposed to crippling diseases or cancers that are the direct result of mutations in genes involved in the DNA damage response. For several years our work has been at the forefront of basic biological research in the area of DNA repair, and in particular we have made significant contributions to the understanding of inheritable diseases such as breast cancer, Fanconi anemia, and the neurodegenerative disease Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia-1 (AOA-1). The focus of this ERC proposal is: (i) to define the phenotypic interplay between three inheritable cancer predisposition syndromes, Fanconi anemia, Bloom s syndrome and breast cancers caused by mutation of BRCA2, (ii) to determine the biological role of the newly discovered GEN1 Holliday junction resolvase in homologous recombination and repair, and (iii) to understand the actions of Aprataxin and Senataxin in relation to the inheritable neurodegenerative diseases AOA-1 and AOA-2, respectively. Our studies will provide an improved understanding of basic mechanisms of DNA repair and thereby underpin future therapeutic developments that will help individuals afflicted with these diseases.
Our genetic material is continually subjected to damage, either from endogenous sources such as reactive oxygen species produced as by-products of oxidative metabolism, from the breakdown of replication forks during cell growth, or by agents in the environment such as ionising radiation or carcinogenic chemicals. To cope with DNA damage, cells employ elaborate and effective repair processes that specifically recognise a wide variety of lesions in DNA. These repair systems are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. Unfortunately, some individuals are genetically predisposed to crippling diseases or cancers that are the direct result of mutations in genes involved in the DNA damage response. For several years our work has been at the forefront of basic biological research in the area of DNA repair, and in particular we have made significant contributions to the understanding of inheritable diseases such as breast cancer, Fanconi anemia, and the neurodegenerative disease Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia-1 (AOA-1). The focus of this ERC proposal is: (i) to define the phenotypic interplay between three inheritable cancer predisposition syndromes, Fanconi anemia, Bloom s syndrome and breast cancers caused by mutation of BRCA2, (ii) to determine the biological role of the newly discovered GEN1 Holliday junction resolvase in homologous recombination and repair, and (iii) to understand the actions of Aprataxin and Senataxin in relation to the inheritable neurodegenerative diseases AOA-1 and AOA-2, respectively. Our studies will provide an improved understanding of basic mechanisms of DNA repair and thereby underpin future therapeutic developments that will help individuals afflicted with these diseases.
Project acronym E-SWARM
Project Engineering Swarm Intelligence Systems
Researcher (PI) Marco Dorigo
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES
Summary Swarm intelligence is the discipline that deals with natural and artificial systems composed of many individuals that coordinate using decentralized control and self-organization. In this project, we focus on the design and implementation of artificial swarm intelligence systems for the solution of complex problems. Our current understanding of how to use swarms of artificial agents largely relies on rules of thumb and intuition based on the experience of individual researchers. This is not sufficient for us to design swarm intelligence systems at the level of complexity required by many real-world applications, or to accurately predict the behavior of the systems we design. The goal of the E-SWARM is to develop a rigorous engineering methodology for the design and implementation of artificial swarm intelligence systems. We believe that in the future, swarm intelligence will be an important tool for researchers and engineers interested in solving certain classes of complex problems. To build the foundations of this discipline and to develop an appropriate methodology, we will proceed in parallel both at an abstract level and by tackling a number of challenging problems in selected research domains. The research domains we have chosen are optimization, robotics, networks, and data mining.
Swarm intelligence is the discipline that deals with natural and artificial systems composed of many individuals that coordinate using decentralized control and self-organization. In this project, we focus on the design and implementation of artificial swarm intelligence systems for the solution of complex problems. Our current understanding of how to use swarms of artificial agents largely relies on rules of thumb and intuition based on the experience of individual researchers. This is not sufficient for us to design swarm intelligence systems at the level of complexity required by many real-world applications, or to accurately predict the behavior of the systems we design. The goal of the E-SWARM is to develop a rigorous engineering methodology for the design and implementation of artificial swarm intelligence systems. We believe that in the future, swarm intelligence will be an important tool for researchers and engineers interested in solving certain classes of complex problems. To build the foundations of this discipline and to develop an appropriate methodology, we will proceed in parallel both at an abstract level and by tackling a number of challenging problems in selected research domains. The research domains we have chosen are optimization, robotics, networks, and data mining.
Project acronym EATP
Project Evolutionary Approaches Towards Preferences
Researcher (PI) Balazs Szentes
Host Institution (HI) LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
Summary A recent psychological and experimental literature on human behavior suggests that standard preferences assumed in economic models are inadequate to explain human choice behaviors in numerous environments. The primary objective of this project is to establish evolutionary foundations for non-standard preferences. Most models in economics take preferences as given and derive the choices induced by these preferences. We intend to do just the opposite. We characterize the choice behavior that would survive evolution and then represent this choice behavior with preferences. That is, we identify the preferences that induce evolutionarily stable choice behavior. We identify each choice behavior with a gene. Hence, the choices an individual makes during her lifetime are determined by her genes, where these are inherited from her parents. A population can be defined as a group of individuals having the same genes. Populations with different genes may grow at different rates. Only those genes that induce the highest possible population growth rate given the physical environment survive evolution. We wish to apply the principle described above to derive implications for time preferences, preference for similarities, preferences for discrimination, preferences for conformity, and other important socio-economic behaviors. The goal of the project is to provide a theoretical guidance for which preferences are admissible and which are not likely to arise.
A recent psychological and experimental literature on human behavior suggests that standard preferences assumed in economic models are inadequate to explain human choice behaviors in numerous environments. The primary objective of this project is to establish evolutionary foundations for non-standard preferences. Most models in economics take preferences as given and derive the choices induced by these preferences. We intend to do just the opposite. We characterize the choice behavior that would survive evolution and then represent this choice behavior with preferences. That is, we identify the preferences that induce evolutionarily stable choice behavior. We identify each choice behavior with a gene. Hence, the choices an individual makes during her lifetime are determined by her genes, where these are inherited from her parents. A population can be defined as a group of individuals having the same genes. Populations with different genes may grow at different rates. Only those genes that induce the highest possible population growth rate given the physical environment survive evolution. We wish to apply the principle described above to derive implications for time preferences, preference for similarities, preferences for discrimination, preferences for conformity, and other important socio-economic behaviors. The goal of the project is to provide a theoretical guidance for which preferences are admissible and which are not likely to arise.
Project acronym ECCENTRIC
Project Epigenetic challenges in centromere inheritance during the cell cycle
Researcher (PI) Genevieve Almouzni - Pettinotti
Summary Studies concerning the mechanism of DNA replication have advanced our understanding of genetic transmission through multiple cell cycles. Recent work has shed light on possible means to ensure the stable transmission of information beyond just DNA and the concept of epigenetic inheritance has emerged. Considering chromatin-based information, key candidates have arisen as epigenetic marks including DNA and histone modifications, histone variants, non-histone chromatin proteins, nuclear RNA as well as higher-order chromatin organization. Thus, understanding the dynamics and stability of these marks following disruptive events during replication and repair and throughout the cell cycle becomes of critical importance for the maintenance of any given chromatin state. To approach these issues, we propose to study the maintenance of heterochromatin at centromeres, key chromosomal regions for the proper chromosome segregation. Our current goal is to access to the sophisticated mechanisms that have evolved in order to facilitate inheritance of epigenetic marks not only at the replication fork, but also at other stages of the cell cycle, during repair and development. Beyond inheritance of DNA methylation, understanding how inheritance of histone variants and their modifications can be controlled either coupled or not coupled to DNA replication will be a major focus of this project. Our studies will build on the expertise and tools developed over the years in a strategy that integrates molecular, cellular, and biochemical approaches. This will be combined with the use of new technologies to monitor cell cycle (Fucci), protein dynamics (SNAP-Tagging) together with single molecule analysis involving DNA and chromatin combing. We wish to define a possible framework for an understanding of both the stability and reversibility of epigenetic marks and their dynamics at centromeres. These lessons may teach us general principles of inheritance of epigenetic states.
Studies concerning the mechanism of DNA replication have advanced our understanding of genetic transmission through multiple cell cycles. Recent work has shed light on possible means to ensure the stable transmission of information beyond just DNA and the concept of epigenetic inheritance has emerged. Considering chromatin-based information, key candidates have arisen as epigenetic marks including DNA and histone modifications, histone variants, non-histone chromatin proteins, nuclear RNA as well as higher-order chromatin organization. Thus, understanding the dynamics and stability of these marks following disruptive events during replication and repair and throughout the cell cycle becomes of critical importance for the maintenance of any given chromatin state. To approach these issues, we propose to study the maintenance of heterochromatin at centromeres, key chromosomal regions for the proper chromosome segregation. Our current goal is to access to the sophisticated mechanisms that have evolved in order to facilitate inheritance of epigenetic marks not only at the replication fork, but also at other stages of the cell cycle, during repair and development. Beyond inheritance of DNA methylation, understanding how inheritance of histone variants and their modifications can be controlled either coupled or not coupled to DNA replication will be a major focus of this project. Our studies will build on the expertise and tools developed over the years in a strategy that integrates molecular, cellular, and biochemical approaches. This will be combined with the use of new technologies to monitor cell cycle (Fucci), protein dynamics (SNAP-Tagging) together with single molecule analysis involving DNA and chromatin combing. We wish to define a possible framework for an understanding of both the stability and reversibility of epigenetic marks and their dynamics at centromeres. These lessons may teach us general principles of inheritance of epigenetic states.
Project acronym EDSGEL
Project Likelihood-based estimation of non-linear and non-normal DSGE models
Researcher (PI) Juan Francisco Rubio-Ramirez
Host Institution (HI) FUNDACION CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS MONETARIOS Y FINANCIEROS
Summary DSGE models are the standard tool of quantitative macroeconomics. We use them to measure economics phenomena and to provide policy advice. However, since Kydland and Prescott s 1982, the profession has fought about how to take these models to the data. Kydland and Prescott proposed to calibrate their model. Why? Macroeconomists could not compute their models efficiently. Moreover, the techniques required for estimating DSGE models using the likelihood did not exist. Finally, models were ranked very badly by likelihood ratio tests. Calibration offered a temporary solution. By focusing only on a very limited set of moments of the model, researchers could claim partial success and keep developing their theory. The landscape changed in the 1990s. There were developments along three fronts. First, macroeconomists learned how to efficiently compute equilibrium models with rich dynamics. Second, statisticians developed simulation techniques like Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which we require to estimate DSGE models. Third, and perhaps most important, computer power has become so cheap that we can now do things that were unthinkable 20 years ago. This proposal tries to estimate non-linear and/or non-normal DSGE models using a likelihood approach. Why non-linear models? Previous research has proved that second order approximation errors in the policy function have first order effects on the likelihood function. Why non-normal models? Time-varying volatility is key to understanding the Great Moderation. Kim and Nelson (1999), McConnell and Pérez-Quirós (2000), and Stock and Watson (2002) have documented a decline in the variance of output growth since the mid 1980s. Only DSGE models with richer structure than normal innovations can account for this.
DSGE models are the standard tool of quantitative macroeconomics. We use them to measure economics phenomena and to provide policy advice. However, since Kydland and Prescott s 1982, the profession has fought about how to take these models to the data. Kydland and Prescott proposed to calibrate their model. Why? Macroeconomists could not compute their models efficiently. Moreover, the techniques required for estimating DSGE models using the likelihood did not exist. Finally, models were ranked very badly by likelihood ratio tests. Calibration offered a temporary solution. By focusing only on a very limited set of moments of the model, researchers could claim partial success and keep developing their theory. The landscape changed in the 1990s. There were developments along three fronts. First, macroeconomists learned how to efficiently compute equilibrium models with rich dynamics. Second, statisticians developed simulation techniques like Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which we require to estimate DSGE models. Third, and perhaps most important, computer power has become so cheap that we can now do things that were unthinkable 20 years ago. This proposal tries to estimate non-linear and/or non-normal DSGE models using a likelihood approach. Why non-linear models? Previous research has proved that second order approximation errors in the policy function have first order effects on the likelihood function. Why non-normal models? Time-varying volatility is key to understanding the Great Moderation. Kim and Nelson (1999), McConnell and Pérez-Quirós (2000), and Stock and Watson (2002) have documented a decline in the variance of output growth since the mid 1980s. Only DSGE models with richer structure than normal innovations can account for this.
Project acronym END2ENDSECURITY
Project Practical design and analysis of certifiably secure protocols - theory and tools for end-to-end security
Researcher (PI) Michael Backes
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT DES SAARLANDES
Summary State-of-the-art technologies struggle to keep pace with possible security vulnerabilities. The lack of a consistent methodology and tools for analyzing security protocols throughout the various stages of their design hinders the detection and prevention of vulnerabilities and comprehensive protocol analysis. Moreover, state-of-the-art verification tools typically only address particular narrow aspects of a protocol's security and require expert knowledge; hence they do not help protocol designers. The challenge is to guarantee end-to-end security - from high-level specifications of the desired security requirements, to a specification of a security protocol that relies on innovative cryptographic primitives, to a secure, executable program. This proposal addresses key steps of this challenge: our goal is to develop a general methodology for automatically devising security protocols and programs based on high-level specifications of selected security requirements and protocol tasks. This includes developing a user-friendly interface for specifying the protocol's intended behavior and high-level security requirements, devising suitable abstract protocols, selecting suitable cryptographic instantiations, and generating a secure, streamlined implementation. This methodology will also include novel verification techniques that complement all design phases along with a theory which propagates verification results from phase to phase with the ultimate goal of certified end-to-end security. This includes developing type systems for analyzing abstract protocols, a general framework for conducting cryptographic proofs, and techniques for reasoning about executable code. The tools we develop should be automated and usable by non-experts.
State-of-the-art technologies struggle to keep pace with possible security vulnerabilities. The lack of a consistent methodology and tools for analyzing security protocols throughout the various stages of their design hinders the detection and prevention of vulnerabilities and comprehensive protocol analysis. Moreover, state-of-the-art verification tools typically only address particular narrow aspects of a protocol's security and require expert knowledge; hence they do not help protocol designers. The challenge is to guarantee end-to-end security - from high-level specifications of the desired security requirements, to a specification of a security protocol that relies on innovative cryptographic primitives, to a secure, executable program. This proposal addresses key steps of this challenge: our goal is to develop a general methodology for automatically devising security protocols and programs based on high-level specifications of selected security requirements and protocol tasks. This includes developing a user-friendly interface for specifying the protocol's intended behavior and high-level security requirements, devising suitable abstract protocols, selecting suitable cryptographic instantiations, and generating a secure, streamlined implementation. This methodology will also include novel verification techniques that complement all design phases along with a theory which propagates verification results from phase to phase with the ultimate goal of certified end-to-end security. This includes developing type systems for analyzing abstract protocols, a general framework for conducting cryptographic proofs, and techniques for reasoning about executable code. The tools we develop should be automated and usable by non-experts.
Project acronym EPIGENETIX
Project Epigenetic regulation and monoallelic gene expression: the X-inactivation paradigm and beyond
Researcher (PI) Edith Heard
Summary X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) represents a classic example of epigenetics in mammals. In this process, one of the two X chromosomes in females is converted from an active into a clonally heritable, inactive, state during early embryonic development, to ensure dosage compensation between the sexes. This process is also remarkable in that an entire chromosome is silenced while its homologue, present in the same nucleus, remains active. Thus, in addition to being an epigenetics paradigm, XCI also represents a powerful model for monoallelic gene expression and could provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying other examples of random, monoallelic regulation. The key locus underlying the initiation of XCI is the X-inactivation centre (Xic). The Xic ensures the induction and monoallelic expression of a non-coding RNA (Xist) that is responsible for triggering chromosomal silencing in cis during development. We would like to understand the mechanisms underlying the Xic's functions and define whether other, Xic-like loci exist in the genome. Once XCI is established, the inactive state is initially reversible but becomes progressively locked in as development proceeds due to numerous epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as nuclear compartmentalization and asynchronous replication. In the proposed program, we will exploit our expertise in XCI to develop new lines of research and use novel technologies to investigate monoallelic gene expression, nuclear organization and epigenetics during development. Our main objectives are (1) to understand how monoallelic expression states are established and maintained during early development and (2) to assess how chromosome dynamics and nuclear architecture can impact on these states.
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) represents a classic example of epigenetics in mammals. In this process, one of the two X chromosomes in females is converted from an active into a clonally heritable, inactive, state during early embryonic development, to ensure dosage compensation between the sexes. This process is also remarkable in that an entire chromosome is silenced while its homologue, present in the same nucleus, remains active. Thus, in addition to being an epigenetics paradigm, XCI also represents a powerful model for monoallelic gene expression and could provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying other examples of random, monoallelic regulation. The key locus underlying the initiation of XCI is the X-inactivation centre (Xic). The Xic ensures the induction and monoallelic expression of a non-coding RNA (Xist) that is responsible for triggering chromosomal silencing in cis during development. We would like to understand the mechanisms underlying the Xic's functions and define whether other, Xic-like loci exist in the genome. Once XCI is established, the inactive state is initially reversible but becomes progressively locked in as development proceeds due to numerous epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as nuclear compartmentalization and asynchronous replication. In the proposed program, we will exploit our expertise in XCI to develop new lines of research and use novel technologies to investigate monoallelic gene expression, nuclear organization and epigenetics during development. Our main objectives are (1) to understand how monoallelic expression states are established and maintained during early development and (2) to assess how chromosome dynamics and nuclear architecture can impact on these states.
Project acronym EPINCRNA
Project Epigenetic and genome stability: non coding RNA-mediated chromatin modifications in S. cerevisiae
Researcher (PI) Antonin Morillon
Host Institution (HI) CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS
Summary Our project is to understand the role of non coding (nc)RNA in the regulation of epigenetic landscape and gene expression. RNA interference pathway is absent in the budding yeast but recent works from our laboratory showed the existence of an original ncRNA-dependent pathway that controls gene expression in S. cerevisiae. We characterized a cryptic unstable ncRNA mediating the transcriptional silencing of the transposon Ty1 through histone methylation. Furthermore, unpublished data suggest the existence of subtelomeric ncRNAs that might control telomere metabolism and promoter-associated ncRNAs that mediate repressive epigenetic marks. We propose that a class of unstable ncRNA mediates genome expression and fluidity through histone modifications. Following 2 directions, our aim is to systematically identify these ncRNAs (A) and further characterize their regulatory mechanisms (B). (A) First, we aim to identify the regulatory ncRNAs by performing genome-wide approaches in strains accumulating these regulatory ncRNAs. We envisage developing protocols to analyze the cryptic transcriptome using deep sequencing technologies. (B) Second, we will further characterize the previously identified regulatory ncRNAs controlling repetitive regions (Ty1 transposon and telomeric repeats) but also gene expression. Through a range of experimental procedures from living cell biology (Fluorescence Immuno Hybridization), biochemical approaches (RNA-TRAP) and genetic, we will determine the dynamics of the regulatory ncRNA within the cell, the associated proteins that regulate their activities and the chromatin defects resulting from their expression. Our aim is to extensively describe the RNAi-like regulation in S. cerevisiae, that we anticipate to be broadly conserved in other eukaryotes.
Our project is to understand the role of non coding (nc)RNA in the regulation of epigenetic landscape and gene expression. RNA interference pathway is absent in the budding yeast but recent works from our laboratory showed the existence of an original ncRNA-dependent pathway that controls gene expression in S. cerevisiae. We characterized a cryptic unstable ncRNA mediating the transcriptional silencing of the transposon Ty1 through histone methylation. Furthermore, unpublished data suggest the existence of subtelomeric ncRNAs that might control telomere metabolism and promoter-associated ncRNAs that mediate repressive epigenetic marks. We propose that a class of unstable ncRNA mediates genome expression and fluidity through histone modifications. Following 2 directions, our aim is to systematically identify these ncRNAs (A) and further characterize their regulatory mechanisms (B). (A) First, we aim to identify the regulatory ncRNAs by performing genome-wide approaches in strains accumulating these regulatory ncRNAs. We envisage developing protocols to analyze the cryptic transcriptome using deep sequencing technologies. (B) Second, we will further characterize the previously identified regulatory ncRNAs controlling repetitive regions (Ty1 transposon and telomeric repeats) but also gene expression. Through a range of experimental procedures from living cell biology (Fluorescence Immuno Hybridization), biochemical approaches (RNA-TRAP) and genetic, we will determine the dynamics of the regulatory ncRNA within the cell, the associated proteins that regulate their activities and the chromatin defects resulting from their expression. Our aim is to extensively describe the RNAi-like regulation in S. cerevisiae, that we anticipate to be broadly conserved in other eukaryotes.
Project acronym ER_PARTNERS
Project Chromatin Mediators of Estrogen Receptor Biology
Researcher (PI) Jason Scott Carroll
Host Institution (HI) THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARSOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Summary Estrogen Receptor (ER) drives proliferation in breast cancers and drugs such as tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors, that target ER activity, are first line treatments in clinical practice. However drug resistance is a significant clinical problem. My laboratory has reported that chromatin-modifying pioneer factors are required for ER to bind the genome, and may constitute a unique opportunity for treating drug resistant cancer. My proposal consists of two complementary approaches to comprehensively explore how Estrogen Receptor interacts with these factors to direct transcription. (1) We will demonstrate that FoxA1 and the Groucho protein TLE1 are critical mediators of ER-chromatin interactions by mapping TLE1 binding sites on a genome-wide basis, and functionally testing the roles these factors play with ER in genomic remodeling, gene transcription, cell proliferation, and endocrine resistance. (2) More globally, to characterise ER transcriptional partners on a molecular basis, we will identify the complete complement of ER-associated proteins using novel proteomic approaches. Taken together, these approaches will explore how ER employs pioneer factors mechanistically, and will identify other potential players.
Estrogen Receptor (ER) drives proliferation in breast cancers and drugs such as tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors, that target ER activity, are first line treatments in clinical practice. However drug resistance is a significant clinical problem. My laboratory has reported that chromatin-modifying pioneer factors are required for ER to bind the genome, and may constitute a unique opportunity for treating drug resistant cancer. My proposal consists of two complementary approaches to comprehensively explore how Estrogen Receptor interacts with these factors to direct transcription. (1) We will demonstrate that FoxA1 and the Groucho protein TLE1 are critical mediators of ER-chromatin interactions by mapping TLE1 binding sites on a genome-wide basis, and functionally testing the roles these factors play with ER in genomic remodeling, gene transcription, cell proliferation, and endocrine resistance. (2) More globally, to characterise ER transcriptional partners on a molecular basis, we will identify the complete complement of ER-associated proteins using novel proteomic approaches. Taken together, these approaches will explore how ER employs pioneer factors mechanistically, and will identify other potential players.
Project acronym ESED
Project Evolution of sensory organ morphology: genetic analysis of eye size evolution in Drosophila
Researcher (PI) Alistair Peter Mcgregor
Host Institution (HI) OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY
Summary Living organisms exhibit great variation in size and shape, and display many morphological innovations. Recent progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis for the evolution of some traits but there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the evolution of complex morphological traits, and how the underlying changes arose and spread in populations. This proposal will address this by establishing a research program to investigate the genetic basis for the evolution of intra- and inter- specific differences in a complex sensory organ, the insect compound eye. Drosophila mauritiana has significantly larger eyes than its sibling species D. simulans. However, there is also considerable eye size variation between D. simulans populations. Taking advantage of our knowledge of eye development in flies, this proposal will describe the developmental basis for eye size differences and investigate the number and distribution of photoreceptor subtypes (which are sensitive to different light wavelengths) between species and populations with eye size variation. In addition, the proposal will take advantage of cutting edge methods to map the molecular basis for eye size evolution between D. mauritiana and D. simulans, and compare this to the genetic architecture of eye size differences within D. simulans. Population genetic approaches will then be applied to test evolved sequences for directional selection. Thus, this project will not only reveal the genetic changes in development underlying the evolution of eye size and resolve the contribution of standing genetic variation for eye size differences within species to differences between species, but also establish this trait as a model for future studies of morphological evolution.
Living organisms exhibit great variation in size and shape, and display many morphological innovations. Recent progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis for the evolution of some traits but there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the evolution of complex morphological traits, and how the underlying changes arose and spread in populations. This proposal will address this by establishing a research program to investigate the genetic basis for the evolution of intra- and inter- specific differences in a complex sensory organ, the insect compound eye. Drosophila mauritiana has significantly larger eyes than its sibling species D. simulans. However, there is also considerable eye size variation between D. simulans populations. Taking advantage of our knowledge of eye development in flies, this proposal will describe the developmental basis for eye size differences and investigate the number and distribution of photoreceptor subtypes (which are sensitive to different light wavelengths) between species and populations with eye size variation. In addition, the proposal will take advantage of cutting edge methods to map the molecular basis for eye size evolution between D. mauritiana and D. simulans, and compare this to the genetic architecture of eye size differences within D. simulans. Population genetic approaches will then be applied to test evolved sequences for directional selection. Thus, this project will not only reveal the genetic changes in development underlying the evolution of eye size and resolve the contribution of standing genetic variation for eye size differences within species to differences between species, but also establish this trait as a model for future studies of morphological evolution.
Project acronym ESEI
Project Engineering Social and Economic Institutions
Researcher (PI) Jacob Goeree
Summary The advent of the Internet and the increased power of modern day computing have dramatically changed the economic landscape. Billions of dollars worth of goods are being auctioned among geographically dispersed buyers; online brokerages are used to find jobs, trade stocks, make travel arrangements, etc. The architecture of these online (trading) platforms is typically rooted in their pre-Internet counterparts, and advances in the theory of market design combined with increased computing capabilities prompt a careful re-evaluation. This proposal concerns the creation of novel, more flexible institutions using an approach that combines theory, laboratory experiments, and practical policy. The first project enhances our understanding of newly designed package auctions by developing equilibrium models of competitive bidding and measuring the efficacy of alternative formats in controlled experiments. The next project studies novel market forms that allow for all-or-nothing trades to alleviate inefficiencies and enhance dynamic stability when complementarities exist. The third project concerns the design of market regulation and procurement contests to create better incentives for research and development. The fourth project addresses information aggregation properties of alternative voting institutions, suggesting improvements for referenda and jury/committee voting. The Internet has also dramatically altered the nature of social interactions. Emerging institutions such as online social networking tools, rating systems, and web-community Q&A services reduce social distances and catalyze opportunities for social learning. The final project focuses on social learning in a variety of settings and on the impact of social networks on behavior. Combined these projects generate insights that apply to a broad array of social and economic environments and that will guide practitioners to the use of better designed institutions.
The advent of the Internet and the increased power of modern day computing have dramatically changed the economic landscape. Billions of dollars worth of goods are being auctioned among geographically dispersed buyers; online brokerages are used to find jobs, trade stocks, make travel arrangements, etc. The architecture of these online (trading) platforms is typically rooted in their pre-Internet counterparts, and advances in the theory of market design combined with increased computing capabilities prompt a careful re-evaluation. This proposal concerns the creation of novel, more flexible institutions using an approach that combines theory, laboratory experiments, and practical policy. The first project enhances our understanding of newly designed package auctions by developing equilibrium models of competitive bidding and measuring the efficacy of alternative formats in controlled experiments. The next project studies novel market forms that allow for all-or-nothing trades to alleviate inefficiencies and enhance dynamic stability when complementarities exist. The third project concerns the design of market regulation and procurement contests to create better incentives for research and development. The fourth project addresses information aggregation properties of alternative voting institutions, suggesting improvements for referenda and jury/committee voting. The Internet has also dramatically altered the nature of social interactions. Emerging institutions such as online social networking tools, rating systems, and web-community Q&A services reduce social distances and catalyze opportunities for social learning. The final project focuses on social learning in a variety of settings and on the impact of social networks on behavior. Combined these projects generate insights that apply to a broad array of social and economic environments and that will guide practitioners to the use of better designed institutions.
Project acronym EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOME
Project Structural studies of the eukaryotic ribosome by X-ray crystallography
Researcher (PI) Nenad Ban
Summary The ribosome is a large cellular organelle that plays a central role in the process of protein synthesis in all organisms. Currently, structural information at atomic resolution exists only for bacterial ribosomes and some of their functional complexes. Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and significantly more complex than their bacterial counterparts. They consist of two unequal subunits with a combined molecular weight of approximately 4 million Daltons and contain 70-80 different protein molecules and four different RNAs. Currently the only structural information on eukaryotic ribosomes is available from cryo electron microscopic reconstructions in the nanometer resolution range, which is insufficient to derive information about the function of the eukaryotic ribosome at the atomic level. The aim of this proposal is to use X-ray crystallography to obtain structural and functional information on the eukaryotic ribosome and its functional complexes at high resolution. The key targets of the structural work will be: i) the structure of the small ribosomal subunit, ii) the structure of the large ribosomal subunit, and iii) structures of complexes involved in the initiation of protein synthesis. Besides the obvious fundamental importance of this research for understanding protein synthesis in eukaryotes the proposed studies will also be the prerequisite for understanding the structural basis of the regulation of protein synthesis in normal cells and how it is perturbed in various diseases. Finally, comparing the structures of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes is important for understanding the specificity of various clinically used antibiotics for the bacterial ribosome.
The ribosome is a large cellular organelle that plays a central role in the process of protein synthesis in all organisms. Currently, structural information at atomic resolution exists only for bacterial ribosomes and some of their functional complexes. Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and significantly more complex than their bacterial counterparts. They consist of two unequal subunits with a combined molecular weight of approximately 4 million Daltons and contain 70-80 different protein molecules and four different RNAs. Currently the only structural information on eukaryotic ribosomes is available from cryo electron microscopic reconstructions in the nanometer resolution range, which is insufficient to derive information about the function of the eukaryotic ribosome at the atomic level. The aim of this proposal is to use X-ray crystallography to obtain structural and functional information on the eukaryotic ribosome and its functional complexes at high resolution. The key targets of the structural work will be: i) the structure of the small ribosomal subunit, ii) the structure of the large ribosomal subunit, and iii) structures of complexes involved in the initiation of protein synthesis. Besides the obvious fundamental importance of this research for understanding protein synthesis in eukaryotes the proposed studies will also be the prerequisite for understanding the structural basis of the regulation of protein synthesis in normal cells and how it is perturbed in various diseases. Finally, comparing the structures of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes is important for understanding the specificity of various clinically used antibiotics for the bacterial ribosome.
Project acronym EUKDNAREP
Project The Initiation of Eukaryotic DNA Replication: Mechanism, Regulation and Role in Genome Stability
Researcher (PI) John Diffley
Summary In each cell cycle, eukaryotic cells must faithfully replicate large genomes in a relatively short time. This is accomplished by initiating DNA replication from many replication origins distributed along chromosomes. Ensuring that each origin is efficiently activated once and only once per cell cycle is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Recent evidence indicates that defects in the regulation of origin firing may be important contributors to genome instability in cancer. Strict once per cell cycle DNA replication is achieved by a two-step mechanism. DNA replication origins are first licensed by loading an inactive DNA helicase (Mcm2-7) into pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs). This can only occur during G1 phase. Initiation then occurs during S phase, triggered by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK), which promote recruitment of proteins required for helicase activation and replisome assembly. Research proposed herein will lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanism and regulation of DNA replication. We have reconstituted the licensing reaction with purified proteins which will be used to characterise the mechanism of licensing and the mechanism by which licensing is regulated in the cell cycle. We will also use this system to reconstitute events leading to the initiation of DNA replication. We will use genetic and biochemical approaches to characterise the mechanisms by which perturbed licensing causes gross chromosome rearrangements. We will also explore mechanisms involved in regulating the temporal programme of origin firing and how origin firing is regulated in response to DNA damage. Work in budding yeast and mammalian cells will be pursued in parallel to exploit the specific advantages of each system.
In each cell cycle, eukaryotic cells must faithfully replicate large genomes in a relatively short time. This is accomplished by initiating DNA replication from many replication origins distributed along chromosomes. Ensuring that each origin is efficiently activated once and only once per cell cycle is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Recent evidence indicates that defects in the regulation of origin firing may be important contributors to genome instability in cancer. Strict once per cell cycle DNA replication is achieved by a two-step mechanism. DNA replication origins are first licensed by loading an inactive DNA helicase (Mcm2-7) into pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs). This can only occur during G1 phase. Initiation then occurs during S phase, triggered by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK), which promote recruitment of proteins required for helicase activation and replisome assembly. Research proposed herein will lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanism and regulation of DNA replication. We have reconstituted the licensing reaction with purified proteins which will be used to characterise the mechanism of licensing and the mechanism by which licensing is regulated in the cell cycle. We will also use this system to reconstitute events leading to the initiation of DNA replication. We will use genetic and biochemical approaches to characterise the mechanisms by which perturbed licensing causes gross chromosome rearrangements. We will also explore mechanisms involved in regulating the temporal programme of origin firing and how origin firing is regulated in response to DNA damage. Work in budding yeast and mammalian cells will be pursued in parallel to exploit the specific advantages of each system.
Project acronym EVO500
Project Origin of a cell differentiation mechanism and its evolution over 500 million years of life on land
Researcher (PI) Liam Dolan
Summary The evolution of the first rooting systems approximately 470 million years ago was a critical event in the history of life on Earth because it allowed the growth of complex multicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms – plants - on the surface of the land. Rooting systems are important because they facilitate the uptake of every chemical element in the plant body with the exception of carbon. The root systems of the first land plants (liverworts) comprised a mass of unicellular tip-growing filaments (rhizoids) that grew from the plant surface into the soil. All root systems that evolved since then similarly comprise a system of tipgrowing filamentous cells located at the interface between the plant and the soil, indicating that the differentiation of filamentous root cells has been critical for root function for the past 470 million years. This proposal aims to characterize the origin and evolution of this essential cellular differentiation process. The proposed research is in three parts: First we propose to define the mechanism that controlled the development of the first land plant root system by identifying genes that control liverwort rooting system (rhizoids) development and characterizing their regulatory interactions. Second we propose to determine if the mechanism that controlled the development of the first land plant root system was inherited from algal ancestors. Third we propose to characterize the mechanism that controls filamentous root hair growth in Arabidopsis in response to environmental factors, and determine if it is conserved among land plants. In combination, these experiments will define the genetic mechanisms underpinning the development and evolution of one of the fundamental developmental processes in land plants.
The evolution of the first rooting systems approximately 470 million years ago was a critical event in the history of life on Earth because it allowed the growth of complex multicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms – plants - on the surface of the land. Rooting systems are important because they facilitate the uptake of every chemical element in the plant body with the exception of carbon. The root systems of the first land plants (liverworts) comprised a mass of unicellular tip-growing filaments (rhizoids) that grew from the plant surface into the soil. All root systems that evolved since then similarly comprise a system of tipgrowing filamentous cells located at the interface between the plant and the soil, indicating that the differentiation of filamentous root cells has been critical for root function for the past 470 million years. This proposal aims to characterize the origin and evolution of this essential cellular differentiation process. The proposed research is in three parts: First we propose to define the mechanism that controlled the development of the first land plant root system by identifying genes that control liverwort rooting system (rhizoids) development and characterizing their regulatory interactions. Second we propose to determine if the mechanism that controlled the development of the first land plant root system was inherited from algal ancestors. Third we propose to characterize the mechanism that controls filamentous root hair growth in Arabidopsis in response to environmental factors, and determine if it is conserved among land plants. In combination, these experiments will define the genetic mechanisms underpinning the development and evolution of one of the fundamental developmental processes in land plants.
Project acronym EXPLORERS
Project EXPLORERS Exploring epigenetic robotics: raising intelligence in machines
Researcher (PI) Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE ENINFORMATIQUE ET AUTOMATIQUE
Summary In spite of considerable work in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and pattern recognition in the past 50 years, we have no machine capable of adapting to the physical and social environment with the flexibility, robustness and versatility of a 6-months old human child. Instead of trying to simulate directly the adult s intelligence, EXPLORERS proposes to focus on the developmental principles that give rise to intelligence in infants by re-implementing them in machines. Framed in the developmental/epigenetic robotics research agenda, and grounded in research in developmental psychology, its main target is to build robotic machines capable of autonomously learning and re-using a variety of skills and know-how that were not specified at design time, and with initially limited knowledge of the body and of the environment in which it will operate. This implies several fundamental issues: How can a robot discover its body and its relationships with the physical and social environment? How can it learn new skills without the intervention of an engineer? What internal motivations shall guide its exploration of vast spaces of skills? Can it learn through natural social interactions with humans? How to represent the learnt skills and how can they be re-used? EXPLORERS attacks directly those questions by proposing a series of fundamental scientific and technological advances, including computational intrinsic motivation systems for learning basic sensorimotor skills reused for grounded acquisition of the meaning of new words. This project not only addresses fundamental scientific questions, but also relates to important societal issues: personal home robots are bound to become part of everyday life in the 21st century, in particular as helpful social companions in an aging society. EXPLORERS objectives converge to the challenges implied by this vision: robots will have to be able to adapt and learn new skills in the unknown homes of users who are not engineers.
In spite of considerable work in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and pattern recognition in the past 50 years, we have no machine capable of adapting to the physical and social environment with the flexibility, robustness and versatility of a 6-months old human child. Instead of trying to simulate directly the adult s intelligence, EXPLORERS proposes to focus on the developmental principles that give rise to intelligence in infants by re-implementing them in machines. Framed in the developmental/epigenetic robotics research agenda, and grounded in research in developmental psychology, its main target is to build robotic machines capable of autonomously learning and re-using a variety of skills and know-how that were not specified at design time, and with initially limited knowledge of the body and of the environment in which it will operate. This implies several fundamental issues: How can a robot discover its body and its relationships with the physical and social environment? How can it learn new skills without the intervention of an engineer? What internal motivations shall guide its exploration of vast spaces of skills? Can it learn through natural social interactions with humans? How to represent the learnt skills and how can they be re-used? EXPLORERS attacks directly those questions by proposing a series of fundamental scientific and technological advances, including computational intrinsic motivation systems for learning basic sensorimotor skills reused for grounded acquisition of the meaning of new words. This project not only addresses fundamental scientific questions, but also relates to important societal issues: personal home robots are bound to become part of everyday life in the 21st century, in particular as helpful social companions in an aging society. EXPLORERS objectives converge to the challenges implied by this vision: robots will have to be able to adapt and learn new skills in the unknown homes of users who are not engineers.
Project acronym FLUCTUATIONS
Project Research on Economic Fluctuations and Globalization
Researcher (PI) Maria Silvana Tenreyro
Summary The first strand of the proposal seeks to study housing market fluctuations. Housing markets play a prominent role in the economy and in the conduct of monetary policy and yet standard DSGE models often ignore them. In a first project, we will study both empirically and theoretically seasonal fluctuations in housing markets. We view this as an important first step to shed light on the models needed to describe housing markets. A second project will build on these modelling implications to develop a macroeconomic framework that accounts for lower-frequency fluctuations in housing markets; in particular, we will study the effects of different economic shocks and optimal policy responses, with particular attention to the mechanism through which initial shocks get amplified and transmitted to the rest of the economy. The second strand will seek to understand and quantify the role of international trade, and in particular the emergence of China and India, in explaining the sharp decline in the volatility of aggregate fluctuations experienced by most advanced economies since the mid 1980s. Concretely, the project will ask both theoretically and empirically the extent to which counting on a wider pool of input suppliers from non-traditional trading partners has mitigated the effect of economic shocks on output and prices. As an auxiliary tool, a second project will develop a new econometric test for model selection. The final strand has two main branches. In the first, we will propose a model to study the role of optimality of employment relations in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. In the second, we will develop a model to asses the role of liquidity in the transmission mechanism. Testable implications from these two models will be empirically assessed.
The first strand of the proposal seeks to study housing market fluctuations. Housing markets play a prominent role in the economy and in the conduct of monetary policy and yet standard DSGE models often ignore them. In a first project, we will study both empirically and theoretically seasonal fluctuations in housing markets. We view this as an important first step to shed light on the models needed to describe housing markets. A second project will build on these modelling implications to develop a macroeconomic framework that accounts for lower-frequency fluctuations in housing markets; in particular, we will study the effects of different economic shocks and optimal policy responses, with particular attention to the mechanism through which initial shocks get amplified and transmitted to the rest of the economy. The second strand will seek to understand and quantify the role of international trade, and in particular the emergence of China and India, in explaining the sharp decline in the volatility of aggregate fluctuations experienced by most advanced economies since the mid 1980s. Concretely, the project will ask both theoretically and empirically the extent to which counting on a wider pool of input suppliers from non-traditional trading partners has mitigated the effect of economic shocks on output and prices. As an auxiliary tool, a second project will develop a new econometric test for model selection. The final strand has two main branches. In the first, we will propose a model to study the role of optimality of employment relations in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. In the second, we will develop a model to asses the role of liquidity in the transmission mechanism. Testable implications from these two models will be empirically assessed.
Project acronym FORCEFULACTIN
Project Coordinated regulation of actin dynamics in cell motility and morphogenesis : from molecules to reconstituted biomimetic assays
Researcher (PI) Marie-France Carlier epouse Pantaloni
Summary An impressive variety of motile and morphogenetic processes are driven by site-directed polarized asssembly of actin filaments. In the past ten years, breathtaking advances coming from cell biology, cell biophysics, and biochemistry have brought insight into the molecular bases for production of force and movement by site-directed actin polymerization. Yet, we do not know, with the detail sufficient to understand how force is produced, by which molecular mechanisms the filaments are nucleated or created by branching. We do not know by which elementary steps insertional polymerization of barbed ends of filaments against the membrane is performed by different protein machineries, nor how these machineries work in a coordinated fashion. Here we propose a multiscale and interdisciplinary approach of the mechanisms used by the major actin nucleators to organize the motile response of actin. The elementary reactions involved in the processive walk of formin at the growing barbed ends of filaments and the role of ATP hydrolysis in force production will be analyzed by a combination of biochemical solution studies and physical methods using functionalized GUVs and optical tweezers. The multifunctionality of WH2 domains involved in actin sequestration, filament nucleation severing and processive elongation will be similarly examined in an interdisciplinary perspective from structural biology at atomic resolution to physics at the mesoscopic scale. Biochemical and structural methods and single molecule measurements (TIRFM) will shed light into the elementary steps and structural mechanism of filament branching. Biomimetic assays with functionalized GUVs associated with biophysical methods like FRAP or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy will elucidate how different filament initiating machineries segregate in the membrane as a consequence of their interactions with growing filaments and function in a coordinated fashion during actin-based motility.
An impressive variety of motile and morphogenetic processes are driven by site-directed polarized asssembly of actin filaments. In the past ten years, breathtaking advances coming from cell biology, cell biophysics, and biochemistry have brought insight into the molecular bases for production of force and movement by site-directed actin polymerization. Yet, we do not know, with the detail sufficient to understand how force is produced, by which molecular mechanisms the filaments are nucleated or created by branching. We do not know by which elementary steps insertional polymerization of barbed ends of filaments against the membrane is performed by different protein machineries, nor how these machineries work in a coordinated fashion. Here we propose a multiscale and interdisciplinary approach of the mechanisms used by the major actin nucleators to organize the motile response of actin. The elementary reactions involved in the processive walk of formin at the growing barbed ends of filaments and the role of ATP hydrolysis in force production will be analyzed by a combination of biochemical solution studies and physical methods using functionalized GUVs and optical tweezers. The multifunctionality of WH2 domains involved in actin sequestration, filament nucleation severing and processive elongation will be similarly examined in an interdisciplinary perspective from structural biology at atomic resolution to physics at the mesoscopic scale. Biochemical and structural methods and single molecule measurements (TIRFM) will shed light into the elementary steps and structural mechanism of filament branching. Biomimetic assays with functionalized GUVs associated with biophysical methods like FRAP or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy will elucidate how different filament initiating machineries segregate in the membrane as a consequence of their interactions with growing filaments and function in a coordinated fashion during actin-based motility.
Project acronym FPMICROGLIA
Project Towards a dynamic quantitative understanding of neuronal microglial interactions
Researcher (PI) Francesca Peri
Host Institution (HI) EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY
Summary A significant proportion of neurons in the brain undergo programmed cell death. In order to prevent the diffusion of damaging degradation products, dying neurons are quickly collected by microglia, specialised phagocytes that are resident in the brain. Despite the importance of these cells in several neuronal pathologies, many fundamental questions concerning microglial-neuronal interactions remain unaddressed. How these cells collectively ensure that the entire brain is surveyed and how they react to damage with high precision is still entirely unknown. Recent findings suggest that diffusible molecules such as lipids and nucleotides could attract microglia in response to neuronal apoptosis and injury, respectively. While these molecules can trigger dynamic changes in microglia motility in vitro, elucidating how their activity is controlled within the intact brain, both in space and time, remains the most important challenge in understanding this fascinating biological problem. We aim to further exploit the massive imaging potential of the transparent zebrafish embryo for studying microglial biology in vivo. By combining forward and reverse genetic approaches with quantitative imaging technology, we will directly address the mechanisms underlying the attraction of microglia towards apoptotic, sick and injured neurons. For the first time, we will define the collective behaviour of an entire microglial network within an intact brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
A significant proportion of neurons in the brain undergo programmed cell death. In order to prevent the diffusion of damaging degradation products, dying neurons are quickly collected by microglia, specialised phagocytes that are resident in the brain. Despite the importance of these cells in several neuronal pathologies, many fundamental questions concerning microglial-neuronal interactions remain unaddressed. How these cells collectively ensure that the entire brain is surveyed and how they react to damage with high precision is still entirely unknown. Recent findings suggest that diffusible molecules such as lipids and nucleotides could attract microglia in response to neuronal apoptosis and injury, respectively. While these molecules can trigger dynamic changes in microglia motility in vitro, elucidating how their activity is controlled within the intact brain, both in space and time, remains the most important challenge in understanding this fascinating biological problem. We aim to further exploit the massive imaging potential of the transparent zebrafish embryo for studying microglial biology in vivo. By combining forward and reverse genetic approaches with quantitative imaging technology, we will directly address the mechanisms underlying the attraction of microglia towards apoptotic, sick and injured neurons. For the first time, we will define the collective behaviour of an entire microglial network within an intact brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Project acronym FRONTEX
Project Decision-making and prefrontal executive function
Researcher (PI) Etienne Koechlin
Host Institution (HI) ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE
Summary The prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves decision-making and executive control, i.e. the ability to make decisions and to regulate behavior according to external events, mental models of situations, internal drives and subjective preferences. Our overall aim is to understand the functional architecture of the human PFC and computational mechanisms of PFC function. The PFC function is known to operate along three major dimensions, namely the affective, motivational and cognitive control of action subserved by the orbital, medial and lateral sectors of the PFC, respectively. In this project, our specific objectives are to solve the following three open issues of critical theoretical significance: (1) the functional organization of motivational control in the medial prefrontal cortex; (2) the mechanisms that enables the PFC to control the learning of representational sets required for cognitive control; (3) the functional interactions between the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, i.e. the integration of motivational and cognitive control into a unitary decision-making and control system. We will address these theoretically and methodologically challenging issues by elaborating computational models that integrate learning and control mechanisms, and in relation to these models, by conducting functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in healthy humans. The project is expected to significantly improve our knowledge of the human PFC function. This basic project has potential major implications especially in medicine, because alterations of the prefrontal function is observed in aging and most neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as in technology for developing artificial and robotics intelligence with human-like adaptive reasoning and decision-making abilities.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves decision-making and executive control, i.e. the ability to make decisions and to regulate behavior according to external events, mental models of situations, internal drives and subjective preferences. Our overall aim is to understand the functional architecture of the human PFC and computational mechanisms of PFC function. The PFC function is known to operate along three major dimensions, namely the affective, motivational and cognitive control of action subserved by the orbital, medial and lateral sectors of the PFC, respectively. In this project, our specific objectives are to solve the following three open issues of critical theoretical significance: (1) the functional organization of motivational control in the medial prefrontal cortex; (2) the mechanisms that enables the PFC to control the learning of representational sets required for cognitive control; (3) the functional interactions between the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, i.e. the integration of motivational and cognitive control into a unitary decision-making and control system. We will address these theoretically and methodologically challenging issues by elaborating computational models that integrate learning and control mechanisms, and in relation to these models, by conducting functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in healthy humans. The project is expected to significantly improve our knowledge of the human PFC function. This basic project has potential major implications especially in medicine, because alterations of the prefrontal function is observed in aging and most neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as in technology for developing artificial and robotics intelligence with human-like adaptive reasoning and decision-making abilities.
Project acronym FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
Project DISSECTING GENETIC DEPENDENCIES IN CANCER
Researcher (PI) Rene Bernards
Host Institution (HI) STICHTING HET NEDERLANDS KANKER INSTITUUT-ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK ZIEKENHUIS
Summary While significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, several major issues remain unresolved. First, only a minority of patients respond to most forms of (chemo)therapy. It is generally believed that this poor responsiveness to drugs has its origin, at least in part, in the molecular heterogeneity of cancer. This heterogeneity requires the use of biomarkers to stratify patients having seemingly similar tumors according to their likely responses to specific cancer therapies. To identify such biomarkers, we will use large-scale genetic screens to identify genes that are causally involved in controlling responses to cancer drugs. Such genes are likely biomarkers of drug responsiveness in the clinic. Availability of such drug response biomarkers will facilitate a more personalized therapy choice for each individual patient. A second major deficit in effective cancer therapy is the lack of sufficient highly selective drug targets. The large-scale cancer genome re-sequencing efforts already indicate that there is a paucity of druggable genes that are consistently mutated in cancer and the same holds true for genes that are consistently over-expressed in cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative drug targets that have a similar cancer-selectivity as the genes that are specifically mutated or over-expressed in cancer. In this project, we will use large-scale loss of function genetic screens, exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality , to identify genes whose inactivation is selectively toxic to cells having a defined cancer-specific genetic alteration. Drugs against these targets will be highly cancer-selective, as their activity hinges on the presence of a specific genetic defect, which is only present in the cancer cell.
While significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, several major issues remain unresolved. First, only a minority of patients respond to most forms of (chemo)therapy. It is generally believed that this poor responsiveness to drugs has its origin, at least in part, in the molecular heterogeneity of cancer. This heterogeneity requires the use of biomarkers to stratify patients having seemingly similar tumors according to their likely responses to specific cancer therapies. To identify such biomarkers, we will use large-scale genetic screens to identify genes that are causally involved in controlling responses to cancer drugs. Such genes are likely biomarkers of drug responsiveness in the clinic. Availability of such drug response biomarkers will facilitate a more personalized therapy choice for each individual patient. A second major deficit in effective cancer therapy is the lack of sufficient highly selective drug targets. The large-scale cancer genome re-sequencing efforts already indicate that there is a paucity of druggable genes that are consistently mutated in cancer and the same holds true for genes that are consistently over-expressed in cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative drug targets that have a similar cancer-selectivity as the genes that are specifically mutated or over-expressed in cancer. In this project, we will use large-scale loss of function genetic screens, exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality , to identify genes whose inactivation is selectively toxic to cells having a defined cancer-specific genetic alteration. Drugs against these targets will be highly cancer-selective, as their activity hinges on the presence of a specific genetic defect, which is only present in the cancer cell.
Project acronym FUNCTIONALEDGE
Project Determining the roles of the nuclear periphery in mammalian genome function
Researcher (PI) Wendy Bickmore
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
Summary DNA sequence and epigenetic chromatin maps are important in understanding how genomes are regulated. However, these maps are linear and do not account for the three-dimensional context within which the genome functions in the cell. The spatial organisation of the genome in the nucleus is not random and is conserved in evolution, implying that it is under functional selection. This proposal aims to determine the functional significance of positioning specific genome regions at the edge of the nucleus in mammalian cells. The nuclear periphery has conventionally been considered as a zone of inactive chromatin and transcriptional repression. Several regulatory gene loci move away from the nuclear periphery as they are activated during differentiation. Novel approaches, developed by ourselves and others, that allow genomic regions to be relocated from the centre of the nucleus to the periphery, have directly shown that proximity to the nuclear edge can down-regulate human gene expression. We propose to dissect the pathways that mediate this spatially-defined transcriptional regulation, to determine what features make certain genes susceptible to it, to establish the functional consequences of preventing gene repositioning during differentiation, and to examine defects of the periphery found in premature ageing. A neglected hypothesis is that positioning of inactive chromatin against the nuclear periphery is a mechanism to minimize DNA damage on sequences in the nuclear centre. We will determine whether mutation rate is altered when loci are repositioned towards the nuclear periphery. By experimentally remodelling the spatial organisation of the genome, this proposal goes beyond the current descriptive phase of 3D nuclear organisation, into an understanding of its functional consequences on multiple aspects of genome function. It will also aid in understanding human diseases characterised by alterations of the nuclear periphery.
DNA sequence and epigenetic chromatin maps are important in understanding how genomes are regulated. However, these maps are linear and do not account for the three-dimensional context within which the genome functions in the cell. The spatial organisation of the genome in the nucleus is not random and is conserved in evolution, implying that it is under functional selection. This proposal aims to determine the functional significance of positioning specific genome regions at the edge of the nucleus in mammalian cells. The nuclear periphery has conventionally been considered as a zone of inactive chromatin and transcriptional repression. Several regulatory gene loci move away from the nuclear periphery as they are activated during differentiation. Novel approaches, developed by ourselves and others, that allow genomic regions to be relocated from the centre of the nucleus to the periphery, have directly shown that proximity to the nuclear edge can down-regulate human gene expression. We propose to dissect the pathways that mediate this spatially-defined transcriptional regulation, to determine what features make certain genes susceptible to it, to establish the functional consequences of preventing gene repositioning during differentiation, and to examine defects of the periphery found in premature ageing. A neglected hypothesis is that positioning of inactive chromatin against the nuclear periphery is a mechanism to minimize DNA damage on sequences in the nuclear centre. We will determine whether mutation rate is altered when loci are repositioned towards the nuclear periphery. By experimentally remodelling the spatial organisation of the genome, this proposal goes beyond the current descriptive phase of 3D nuclear organisation, into an understanding of its functional consequences on multiple aspects of genome function. It will also aid in understanding human diseases characterised by alterations of the nuclear periphery.
Project acronym GABA NETWORKS
Project Maturation of functional cortical GABAergic microcircuits
Researcher (PI) Rosa Cossart
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE D'AIX MARSEILLE
Summary Cortical network function is strongly modulated by the action of GABA interneurons. Understanding the role of different types of interneurons in the generation of network patterns is thus essential. Developmental neurobiology offers both conceptual and experimental tools to address this question. Our research is centred on the integration of GABAergic microcircuits into a functional network during brain development. To describe cortical networks at the scale of microcircuits, we have developed a multidisciplinary approach that combines fast imaging of network dynamics, online data analysis, targeted electrophysiological recordings and histology (Cossart et al. 2005). Doing so, we found a major general step in the maturation of cortical networks. The first electrical network pattern, SPA (Synchronous Plateau Assemblies) emerges at birth and synchronizes electrically coupled neuronal assemblies (Crépel et al., 2007, Allene et al. 2008). We propose that SPAs are a critical step in the maturation of GABAergic microcircuits. More recently, we showed that developing hippocampal networks follow a scale-free topology and demonstrated the existence of functional hubs driving early network oscillations (Bonifazi et al. 2008). These cells are GABAergic neurons characterized by widespread axonal projections. These two findings provide the experimental foundation and conceptual framework for this project. We will address three objectives. First, we will perform a functional characterization of hub neurons orchestrating synchrony in developing cortical networks in vitro and in vivo. Second, we will address the role of SPA in the maturation GABAergic microcircuits. Last, we will examine circuit disorders related to developmental GABA Interneuropathies .
Cortical network function is strongly modulated by the action of GABA interneurons. Understanding the role of different types of interneurons in the generation of network patterns is thus essential. Developmental neurobiology offers both conceptual and experimental tools to address this question. Our research is centred on the integration of GABAergic microcircuits into a functional network during brain development. To describe cortical networks at the scale of microcircuits, we have developed a multidisciplinary approach that combines fast imaging of network dynamics, online data analysis, targeted electrophysiological recordings and histology (Cossart et al. 2005). Doing so, we found a major general step in the maturation of cortical networks. The first electrical network pattern, SPA (Synchronous Plateau Assemblies) emerges at birth and synchronizes electrically coupled neuronal assemblies (Crépel et al., 2007, Allene et al. 2008). We propose that SPAs are a critical step in the maturation of GABAergic microcircuits. More recently, we showed that developing hippocampal networks follow a scale-free topology and demonstrated the existence of functional hubs driving early network oscillations (Bonifazi et al. 2008). These cells are GABAergic neurons characterized by widespread axonal projections. These two findings provide the experimental foundation and conceptual framework for this project. We will address three objectives. First, we will perform a functional characterization of hub neurons orchestrating synchrony in developing cortical networks in vitro and in vivo. Second, we will address the role of SPA in the maturation GABAergic microcircuits. Last, we will examine circuit disorders related to developmental GABA Interneuropathies .
Project acronym GABACELLSANDMEMORY
Project Linking GABAergic neurones to hippocampal-entorhinal system functions
Researcher (PI) Hannelore Monyer
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITATSKLINIKUM HEIDELBERG
Summary GABAergic interneurones can effectively synchronize the activity of principal cells giving rise to distinct oscillatory patterns. A particular rhythm, hippocampal theta oscillations (6-10Hz), links two ways of coding by which pyramidal cells in the hippocampus represent space, namely rate and phase coding. Thus, the theta cycle provides a clock against which the increased firing rate of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex is measured. Furthermore, hippocampal theta is believed to constitute a link to episodic memory. Recent evidence from our lab indicates that recruitment of GABAergic interneurones critically affects certain aspects of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in mice. We have established genetic tools that allow us to manipulate GABAergic interneurones in a cell type and region-specific manner. In combination with in vivo electrophysiology in the hippocampus/entorhinal cortex and behavioural studies, we will investigate how GABAergic interneurones regulate the activity in neuronal networks and contribute to behaviour. Specifically, we will address the following questions: 1) How does reduced recruitment of GABAergic interneurones affect network activity (theta oscillations)? 2) How does altered activity of GABAergic interneurones affect spatial representation (activity of place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the entorhinal cortex)? 3) How does modified activity in the hippocampus affect activity in the entorhinal cortex (and vice versa)? 4) How does modified network activity and spatial representation translate into spatial memory? The interdisciplinary approach will enable us to provide better insight into how cellular activity of GABAergic interneurones relates to network activity and ultimately to behaviour.
GABAergic interneurones can effectively synchronize the activity of principal cells giving rise to distinct oscillatory patterns. A particular rhythm, hippocampal theta oscillations (6-10Hz), links two ways of coding by which pyramidal cells in the hippocampus represent space, namely rate and phase coding. Thus, the theta cycle provides a clock against which the increased firing rate of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex is measured. Furthermore, hippocampal theta is believed to constitute a link to episodic memory. Recent evidence from our lab indicates that recruitment of GABAergic interneurones critically affects certain aspects of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in mice. We have established genetic tools that allow us to manipulate GABAergic interneurones in a cell type and region-specific manner. In combination with in vivo electrophysiology in the hippocampus/entorhinal cortex and behavioural studies, we will investigate how GABAergic interneurones regulate the activity in neuronal networks and contribute to behaviour. Specifically, we will address the following questions: 1) How does reduced recruitment of GABAergic interneurones affect network activity (theta oscillations)? 2) How does altered activity of GABAergic interneurones affect spatial representation (activity of place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the entorhinal cortex)? 3) How does modified activity in the hippocampus affect activity in the entorhinal cortex (and vice versa)? 4) How does modified network activity and spatial representation translate into spatial memory? The interdisciplinary approach will enable us to provide better insight into how cellular activity of GABAergic interneurones relates to network activity and ultimately to behaviour.
Project acronym GAME-DYNAMICS
Project Game Theory: Dynamic Approaches
Researcher (PI) Sergiu Hart
Host Institution (HI) THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM
Summary The general framework is that of game theory, with multiple participants ( players ) that interact repeatedly over time. The players may be people, corporations, nations, computers even genes. While many of the standard concepts of game theory are static by their very nature (for example, strategic equilibria and cooperative solutions), it is of utmost importance theoretically as well as in applications to study dynamic processes, and relate them to appropriate static solutions. This is a fundamental issue. On the one hand, the significance of a solution depends in particular on how easy it is to reach it. On the other hand, natural dynamics, that is, processes that to a certain degree reflect observed behaviors and actual institutions, are important to study and understand in their own right. We propose to work on three main areas. First, adaptive dynamics: the goal is to characterize those classes of dynamics for which convergence to Nash or correlated equilibria can be obtained, and those for which it cannot, and to find and study natural dynamics that are related to actual behavior and yield useful insights. Second, evolutionary dynamics: the goal is to investigate evolutionary and similar dynamics, with a particular emphasis on understanding the role that large populations may play, and on characterizing which equilibria are evolutionarily stable and which are not. Third, bargaining and cooperation: the goal is to develop a general research program that studies natural bargaining procedures that lead to cooperation and are based directly on the strategic form; some particular aims are to establish connections between the bargaining institutions and the resulting cooperative solutions, and to analyze relevant economic models.
The general framework is that of game theory, with multiple participants ( players ) that interact repeatedly over time. The players may be people, corporations, nations, computers even genes. While many of the standard concepts of game theory are static by their very nature (for example, strategic equilibria and cooperative solutions), it is of utmost importance theoretically as well as in applications to study dynamic processes, and relate them to appropriate static solutions. This is a fundamental issue. On the one hand, the significance of a solution depends in particular on how easy it is to reach it. On the other hand, natural dynamics, that is, processes that to a certain degree reflect observed behaviors and actual institutions, are important to study and understand in their own right. We propose to work on three main areas. First, adaptive dynamics: the goal is to characterize those classes of dynamics for which convergence to Nash or correlated equilibria can be obtained, and those for which it cannot, and to find and study natural dynamics that are related to actual behavior and yield useful insights. Second, evolutionary dynamics: the goal is to investigate evolutionary and similar dynamics, with a particular emphasis on understanding the role that large populations may play, and on characterizing which equilibria are evolutionarily stable and which are not. Third, bargaining and cooperation: the goal is to develop a general research program that studies natural bargaining procedures that lead to cooperation and are based directly on the strategic form; some particular aims are to establish connections between the bargaining institutions and the resulting cooperative solutions, and to analyze relevant economic models.
Project acronym GEMELLI
Project Gene networks controlling embryonic polarity, regulation and twinning
Researcher (PI) Claudio Daniel Stern
Summary Much of what we know about how embryos determine their axes of symmetry comes from research in invertebrates (mainly Drosophila) and cold-blooded vertebrates (mainly Xenopus). In both cases, polarity is set up by the localisation of maternal determinants in the cytoplasm of the fertilised egg. These determinants are inherited differentially by daughter cells, leading them to acquire different fates, which effectively fixes the axes of the embryo by the 8 cell stage. In contrast, in amniotes (reptiles, birds and mammals) embryonic polarity remains plastic until much later, just before gastrulation, when the embryo may contain as many as 50,000 cells. If an embryo at this stage is cut into fragments, each fragment can generate a complete embryo. This property, called "embryonic regulation", is thought to be responsible for the generation of monozygotic (identical) and conjoined ( Siamese ) twins in humans and other amniotes. We know almost nothing about how polarity is determined in higher vertebrates or about the mechanisms of embryonic regulation and twinning. This project uses a multi-disciplinary systems approach to reveal the gene interaction network controlling polarity, regulation and twinning. The project will also generate a mathematical model of early development or "virtual embryo", allowing prediction of experimental outcomes and clinical scenarios.
Much of what we know about how embryos determine their axes of symmetry comes from research in invertebrates (mainly Drosophila) and cold-blooded vertebrates (mainly Xenopus). In both cases, polarity is set up by the localisation of maternal determinants in the cytoplasm of the fertilised egg. These determinants are inherited differentially by daughter cells, leading them to acquire different fates, which effectively fixes the axes of the embryo by the 8 cell stage. In contrast, in amniotes (reptiles, birds and mammals) embryonic polarity remains plastic until much later, just before gastrulation, when the embryo may contain as many as 50,000 cells. If an embryo at this stage is cut into fragments, each fragment can generate a complete embryo. This property, called "embryonic regulation", is thought to be responsible for the generation of monozygotic (identical) and conjoined ( Siamese ) twins in humans and other amniotes. We know almost nothing about how polarity is determined in higher vertebrates or about the mechanisms of embryonic regulation and twinning. This project uses a multi-disciplinary systems approach to reveal the gene interaction network controlling polarity, regulation and twinning. The project will also generate a mathematical model of early development or "virtual embryo", allowing prediction of experimental outcomes and clinical scenarios.
Project acronym GENESFORCEMOTION
Project Physical Forces Driving Collective Cell Migration: from Genes to Mechanism
Researcher (PI) Xavier Trepat Guixer
Host Institution (HI) FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE BIOENGINYERIA DE CATALUNYA
Summary Fundamental biological processes including morphogenesis, tissue repair, and tumour metastasis require collective cell motions, and to drive these motions cells exert traction forces on their surroundings. The mechanisms underlying this basic principle of health and disease have been debated intensively and, using a variety of methods in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, much conflicting evidence has accumulated. This conflicting evidence has been in every case indirect or inferential, however, because within the moving cell group the physical forces themselves have remained inaccessible to direct experimental observation. To fill this gap, this ERC application describes an interdisciplinary project to uncover the physical mechanisms underlying collective cell migration. In Objective 1, I propose to develop technology to map forces that cells within moving groups exert on each other and on their extracellular matrix. In Objective 2, we will use siRNA technology to provide a systematic analysis of the genes that regulate force generation and transmission in a migrating epithelial cell sheet. In Objective 3, we will use this pool of data to establish a constitutive link between genes, forces and collective cell motion. Although these Objectives present major technical and scientific challenges, the feasibility of each is supported by a unique technical know-how and by a productive track record in the field of cell biophysics.
Fundamental biological processes including morphogenesis, tissue repair, and tumour metastasis require collective cell motions, and to drive these motions cells exert traction forces on their surroundings. The mechanisms underlying this basic principle of health and disease have been debated intensively and, using a variety of methods in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, much conflicting evidence has accumulated. This conflicting evidence has been in every case indirect or inferential, however, because within the moving cell group the physical forces themselves have remained inaccessible to direct experimental observation. To fill this gap, this ERC application describes an interdisciplinary project to uncover the physical mechanisms underlying collective cell migration. In Objective 1, I propose to develop technology to map forces that cells within moving groups exert on each other and on their extracellular matrix. In Objective 2, we will use siRNA technology to provide a systematic analysis of the genes that regulate force generation and transmission in a migrating epithelial cell sheet. In Objective 3, we will use this pool of data to establish a constitutive link between genes, forces and collective cell motion. Although these Objectives present major technical and scientific challenges, the feasibility of each is supported by a unique technical know-how and by a productive track record in the field of cell biophysics.
Project acronym GOPG
Project Globalization, Optimal Policies and Growth
Researcher (PI) Gino Gancia
Summary This project studies the challenges that policy makers face in a world where globalization is proceeding at high speed and knowledge creation is the key to prosperity. It consists of two main parts: one focuses on optimal growth policies, the other on policy externalities induced by market integration. The first part builds on the premise that fostering innovation requires appropriate regulations on product market competition and on Intellectual Property Rights. The following questions will be addressed. What are the optimal competition and IPR policies when economic growth requires both innovation and technology diffusion? Are competition and IPR policies complements or substitutes? How does the optimal policy mix change with economic development? How do optimal contractual relationships evolve with development? What are the misallocations created by market power when sectors and firms are heterogeneous in technology and in the exposure to foreign competition? Are trade liberalization and competition policy complements or substitutes? The second part studies the consequences of and remedies to the growing mismatch between economic and political borders created by globalization. The following questions will be addressed: Why does the size of governments increase with globalization? Does higher international factor mobility lead to a race to the bottom in taxation? What is the effect of trade openness on pollution and environmental regulations? Can globalization induce governments to adopt more stringent environmental regulations? Does market integration call for a reorganization of the world political structure? Can the tendency to reinforce supra-national entities and the process of political fragmentation within states be complementary reactions to globalization?
This project studies the challenges that policy makers face in a world where globalization is proceeding at high speed and knowledge creation is the key to prosperity. It consists of two main parts: one focuses on optimal growth policies, the other on policy externalities induced by market integration. The first part builds on the premise that fostering innovation requires appropriate regulations on product market competition and on Intellectual Property Rights. The following questions will be addressed. What are the optimal competition and IPR policies when economic growth requires both innovation and technology diffusion? Are competition and IPR policies complements or substitutes? How does the optimal policy mix change with economic development? How do optimal contractual relationships evolve with development? What are the misallocations created by market power when sectors and firms are heterogeneous in technology and in the exposure to foreign competition? Are trade liberalization and competition policy complements or substitutes? The second part studies the consequences of and remedies to the growing mismatch between economic and political borders created by globalization. The following questions will be addressed: Why does the size of governments increase with globalization? Does higher international factor mobility lead to a race to the bottom in taxation? What is the effect of trade openness on pollution and environmental regulations? Can globalization induce governments to adopt more stringent environmental regulations? Does market integration call for a reorganization of the world political structure? Can the tendency to reinforce supra-national entities and the process of political fragmentation within states be complementary reactions to globalization?
Project acronym HIPPOCHRONOCIRCUITRY
Project The chronocircuitry of the hippocampus during cognitive behaviour
Researcher (PI) Thomas Klausberger
Host Institution (HI) MEDIZINISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN
Summary Neuronal activity of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus enables spatial navigation, learning and memory and their firing is tightly controlled by GABAergic interneurons. Both, pyramidal cells and interneurons are highly heterogeneous cell types. Different CA1 pyramidal cells project to distinct brain areas including the subiculum, entorhinal, retrosplenial, prefrontal cortex, olfactory bulb, striatum and/or hypothalamus. Distinct classes of interneurons innervate different subcellular domains of pyramidal cells and operate with different molecular machineries. However, how the different types of pyramidal cells and interneurons contribute to cognitive behaviour remains unknown. In the present proposal we will use novel techniques to test the hypothesis that different types of pyramidal cells and interneurons define spatio-temporal circuitries in the hippocampus of freely-moving rodents underlying cognitive processing. We will test if pyramidal cells projecting to different brain areas make different contribution to spatial information coding, prospective coding for future choices and memory consolidation during sleep. Also, we will determine how identified classes of GABAergic interneurons control pyramidal cell activity and network oscillations during cognitive tasks in freely-moving rats. In addition, we will use transgenic mice in order to up- or down-regulate quickly and reversibly the activity of specific classes of neurons and determine their causal contribution to network operations and cognitive behaviour. Our experiments will determine spatio-temporal codes in and beyond the hippocampal circuit by defining simultaneously the neuronal activity and synaptic connectivity of identified neurons during cognitive behaviours, learning and memory.
Neuronal activity of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus enables spatial navigation, learning and memory and their firing is tightly controlled by GABAergic interneurons. Both, pyramidal cells and interneurons are highly heterogeneous cell types. Different CA1 pyramidal cells project to distinct brain areas including the subiculum, entorhinal, retrosplenial, prefrontal cortex, olfactory bulb, striatum and/or hypothalamus. Distinct classes of interneurons innervate different subcellular domains of pyramidal cells and operate with different molecular machineries. However, how the different types of pyramidal cells and interneurons contribute to cognitive behaviour remains unknown. In the present proposal we will use novel techniques to test the hypothesis that different types of pyramidal cells and interneurons define spatio-temporal circuitries in the hippocampus of freely-moving rodents underlying cognitive processing. We will test if pyramidal cells projecting to different brain areas make different contribution to spatial information coding, prospective coding for future choices and memory consolidation during sleep. Also, we will determine how identified classes of GABAergic interneurons control pyramidal cell activity and network oscillations during cognitive tasks in freely-moving rats. In addition, we will use transgenic mice in order to up- or down-regulate quickly and reversibly the activity of specific classes of neurons and determine their causal contribution to network operations and cognitive behaviour. Our experiments will determine spatio-temporal codes in and beyond the hippocampal circuit by defining simultaneously the neuronal activity and synaptic connectivity of identified neurons during cognitive behaviours, learning and memory.
Project acronym HUCNC
Project Conserved Non-Coding Sequences; function, variability and phenotypic consequences
Researcher (PI) Stylianos Antonarakis
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE
Summary Comparative genomics revealed that ~5% of the human genome is conserved among mammals. This fraction is likely functional, and could harbor pathogenic mutations. We have shown (Nature 2002, Science 2003) that more than half of the constrained fraction of the genome consists of Conserved Non-Coding sequences (CNCs). Model organisms provided evidence for enhancer activity for a fraction of CNCs; in addition another fraction is part of large non-coding RNAs (lincRNA). However, the function of the majority of CNCs is unknown. Importantly, a few pathogenic mutations in CNCs have been associated with genetic disorders. We propose to i) perform functional analysis of CNCs, and ii) identify the spectrum of pathogenic CNC mutations in recognizable human phenotypes. The aims are: 1. Functional genomic connectivity of CNCs 1a. Use 4C in CNCs in various cell types and determine their physical genomic interactions. 1b. Perform targeted disruption of CNCs in cells and assess the functional outcomes. 2. Pathogenic variation of CNCs 2a. Assess the common variation in CNCs: i) common deletion/insertions in 350 samples by aCGH of all human CNCs; ii) common SNP/small indels using DNA selection and High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of CNCs in 100 samples. 2b. Identify likely pathogenic mutations in developmental syndromes. Search for i) large deletions and duplications of CNCs using aCGH in 1500 samples with malformation syndromes, 1000 from spontaneous abortions, and 500 with X-linked mental retardation; and ii) point mutations in these samples by targeted HTS. The distinction between pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants is difficult, and we propose approaches to meet the challenge. 3. Genetic control (cis and trans eQTLs) of expression variation of CNC lincRNAs, using 200 samples.
Comparative genomics revealed that ~5% of the human genome is conserved among mammals. This fraction is likely functional, and could harbor pathogenic mutations. We have shown (Nature 2002, Science 2003) that more than half of the constrained fraction of the genome consists of Conserved Non-Coding sequences (CNCs). Model organisms provided evidence for enhancer activity for a fraction of CNCs; in addition another fraction is part of large non-coding RNAs (lincRNA). However, the function of the majority of CNCs is unknown. Importantly, a few pathogenic mutations in CNCs have been associated with genetic disorders. We propose to i) perform functional analysis of CNCs, and ii) identify the spectrum of pathogenic CNC mutations in recognizable human phenotypes. The aims are: 1. Functional genomic connectivity of CNCs 1a. Use 4C in CNCs in various cell types and determine their physical genomic interactions. 1b. Perform targeted disruption of CNCs in cells and assess the functional outcomes. 2. Pathogenic variation of CNCs 2a. Assess the common variation in CNCs: i) common deletion/insertions in 350 samples by aCGH of all human CNCs; ii) common SNP/small indels using DNA selection and High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of CNCs in 100 samples. 2b. Identify likely pathogenic mutations in developmental syndromes. Search for i) large deletions and duplications of CNCs using aCGH in 1500 samples with malformation syndromes, 1000 from spontaneous abortions, and 500 with X-linked mental retardation; and ii) point mutations in these samples by targeted HTS. The distinction between pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants is difficult, and we propose approaches to meet the challenge. 3. Genetic control (cis and trans eQTLs) of expression variation of CNC lincRNAs, using 200 samples.
Project acronym HYMAGINE
Project Hybrid CMOS/Magnetic components and systems for energy efficient, non-volatile, reprogrammable integrated electronics
Researcher (PI) Bernard Dieny
Summary Spinelectronics merges magnetism and electronics (Nobel Prize 2007). Besides its fundamental interest, it has found applications in hard disk drives (1998) and in non-volatile standalone memories (MRAM, on market since 2006). MRAMs integrate CMOS components with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). The PI and his team are convinced that besides MRAMs, this hybrid CMOS/MTJ technology can yield a totally new approach in the way electronic devices are designed. Most CMOS devices such as microprocessors are based on Von Neumann architecture in which logic and memories are separate components. The unique set of characteristics combined within MTJs: cyclability, switching speed, scalability, makes it possible to conceive novel electronic systems in which logic and memory are intimately combined in non-volatile logic components (non-volatile CPU). Such systems would have outstanding advantages in terms of energy savings, logic-memory communication speed, ultrafast reprogrammability, compactness, design simplicity. The objective of this project is to lay the fundation of this novel approach, which requires addressing both fundamental and more applied issues. The basic issues concern the improvement and reliability of spintronic materials, mastering the speed and coherence of magnetization switching, developing tools for the quantitative interpretation of MTJ properties and for designing hybrid CMOS/MTJ devices. The applied goals are the conception, building and testing of a few illustrative devices demonstrating the outstanding advantages of this technology. A further one is to establish an internationally recognized roadmap for this non-volatile logic. If successful, its impact on European microelectronics and magnetism industry could be huge.
Spinelectronics merges magnetism and electronics (Nobel Prize 2007). Besides its fundamental interest, it has found applications in hard disk drives (1998) and in non-volatile standalone memories (MRAM, on market since 2006). MRAMs integrate CMOS components with magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). The PI and his team are convinced that besides MRAMs, this hybrid CMOS/MTJ technology can yield a totally new approach in the way electronic devices are designed. Most CMOS devices such as microprocessors are based on Von Neumann architecture in which logic and memories are separate components. The unique set of characteristics combined within MTJs: cyclability, switching speed, scalability, makes it possible to conceive novel electronic systems in which logic and memory are intimately combined in non-volatile logic components (non-volatile CPU). Such systems would have outstanding advantages in terms of energy savings, logic-memory communication speed, ultrafast reprogrammability, compactness, design simplicity. The objective of this project is to lay the fundation of this novel approach, which requires addressing both fundamental and more applied issues. The basic issues concern the improvement and reliability of spintronic materials, mastering the speed and coherence of magnetization switching, developing tools for the quantitative interpretation of MTJ properties and for designing hybrid CMOS/MTJ devices. The applied goals are the conception, building and testing of a few illustrative devices demonstrating the outstanding advantages of this technology. A further one is to establish an internationally recognized roadmap for this non-volatile logic. If successful, its impact on European microelectronics and magnetism industry could be huge.
Project acronym I-FIVE
Project Interferon-focused Innate Immunity Interactome and Inhibitome
Researcher (PI) Giulio Gino Maria Superti Furga
Host Institution (HI) CEMM - FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM FUER MOLEKULARE MEDIZIN GMBH
Summary After a decade of development in model organisms and later in mammalian cells, mass spectrometry-based functional proteomics approaches have come of age and are ready to enable a systematic study of the innate immune system. We propose to cross the large-scale proteomics and innate immunity disciplines to obtain a functionally annotated map of the molecular machinery involved in viral recognition and leading to the hallmark interferon response, through a three-pronged approach: 1. Map the interactome of innate immunity proteins in macrophages to establish the network of components leading to interferon production; 2. Chart the interactions of molecular patterns, mostly nucleic acids, to identify the receptors and sensors at the non-self/self interface; 3. Study viral pathogenicity factors as molecular jammers of the anti-viral response and elucidate their mode of action to uncover critical nodes (inhibitome). Datasets are integrated and released at regular intervals with embargoed windows allowing a network of collaborators/own laboratory to do in-depth validation. New components at data intersections will be tested through loss-of-function experiments and standardized read-outs for the interferon pathway as well as genetic association with autoimmune diseases. Because of its unbiased/large scope and its cross-validating approaches, wherein the newly mapped circuitry is modeled, challenged by inducers and perturbed by viral agents, i-FIVE has the potential to promote a systems-level understanding of the interferon branch of molecular innate immunity. This insight may in turn create medical opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, septic shoc, arthritis as well as in boosting anti-viral responses.
After a decade of development in model organisms and later in mammalian cells, mass spectrometry-based functional proteomics approaches have come of age and are ready to enable a systematic study of the innate immune system. We propose to cross the large-scale proteomics and innate immunity disciplines to obtain a functionally annotated map of the molecular machinery involved in viral recognition and leading to the hallmark interferon response, through a three-pronged approach: 1. Map the interactome of innate immunity proteins in macrophages to establish the network of components leading to interferon production; 2. Chart the interactions of molecular patterns, mostly nucleic acids, to identify the receptors and sensors at the non-self/self interface; 3. Study viral pathogenicity factors as molecular jammers of the anti-viral response and elucidate their mode of action to uncover critical nodes (inhibitome). Datasets are integrated and released at regular intervals with embargoed windows allowing a network of collaborators/own laboratory to do in-depth validation. New components at data intersections will be tested through loss-of-function experiments and standardized read-outs for the interferon pathway as well as genetic association with autoimmune diseases. Because of its unbiased/large scope and its cross-validating approaches, wherein the newly mapped circuitry is modeled, challenged by inducers and perturbed by viral agents, i-FIVE has the potential to promote a systems-level understanding of the interferon branch of molecular innate immunity. This insight may in turn create medical opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, septic shoc, arthritis as well as in boosting anti-viral responses.
Project acronym ICARUS
Project Innovation for Climate chAnge mitigation: a study of energy R&d, its Uncertain effectiveness and Spillovers
Researcher (PI) Valentina Bosetti
Host Institution (HI) FONDAZIONE ENI ENRICO MATTEI
Summary Much has been said on how to reduce current anthropogenic emissions with the aid of a portfolio of existing technologies. However, stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses to a safe level requires that over time net emissions fall to zero. There is only one way that this can be achieved in a manner that is acceptable to the majority of the world's citizens: through some kind of technological revolution. To bring about such an innovation breakthrough extensive research and development (R&D) investments will be required. This will be specifically important for Europe, given its leading position in climate negotiations and in the light of the Lisbon Agenda. Technological breakthroughs will have an essential role in tackling the competitiveness issue that has gained great relevance lately in the policy debate. On top of this, technological transfers to Developing Countries could be the turning key to solve the logjam affecting international negotiations. The current proposal aims at producing an unprecedented analysis of energy-related innovation mechanisms; understanding the role of R&D investments and of inter countries and inter sector spillovers; disentangling the role of public and private R&D investments; incorporating in the analysis the uncertainty that inevitably affects the successfulness of R&D programs; simulating optimal responses using an integrated assessment model. The analysis will make use of empirical analysis of existing databases and will collect new data. Expert elicitation methods will be used in order to better assess technology-specific uncertain effectiveness of R&D programs. Simulation models will be used to produce quantitative grounded results. Summa of the analyses will be projections for optimal public and private energy R&D and energy technologies investment strategies as a product of a cost effectiveness analysis of a stringent climate stabilization target.
Much has been said on how to reduce current anthropogenic emissions with the aid of a portfolio of existing technologies. However, stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses to a safe level requires that over time net emissions fall to zero. There is only one way that this can be achieved in a manner that is acceptable to the majority of the world's citizens: through some kind of technological revolution. To bring about such an innovation breakthrough extensive research and development (R&D) investments will be required. This will be specifically important for Europe, given its leading position in climate negotiations and in the light of the Lisbon Agenda. Technological breakthroughs will have an essential role in tackling the competitiveness issue that has gained great relevance lately in the policy debate. On top of this, technological transfers to Developing Countries could be the turning key to solve the logjam affecting international negotiations. The current proposal aims at producing an unprecedented analysis of energy-related innovation mechanisms; understanding the role of R&D investments and of inter countries and inter sector spillovers; disentangling the role of public and private R&D investments; incorporating in the analysis the uncertainty that inevitably affects the successfulness of R&D programs; simulating optimal responses using an integrated assessment model. The analysis will make use of empirical analysis of existing databases and will collect new data. Expert elicitation methods will be used in order to better assess technology-specific uncertain effectiveness of R&D programs. Simulation models will be used to produce quantitative grounded results. Summa of the analyses will be projections for optimal public and private energy R&D and energy technologies investment strategies as a product of a cost effectiveness analysis of a stringent climate stabilization target.
Project acronym IHKDC
Project Exiting long run poverty: the determinants of asset accumulation in developing countries
Researcher (PI) Orazio Pietro Attanasio
Summary We propose to study the determinants of the accumulation of productive assets among poor households in developing countries with a special, but not exclusive focus, on human capital. We plan to study how preferences, beliefs, information, expectations and available resources affect investment decisions, how these investment decisions are transformed in assets and how these assets can affect the material well being of poor households. We will also study how the availability (or lack thereof) of credit and insurance markets affects the accumulation of productive assets of poor households. An important part of our research is the construction, validation and use of innovative measurement tools. We plan to construct and use quantitative measures of beliefs, expectations, attitudes and preferences. We will be able to embed these measures in surveys being collected for the evaluation of a variety of policies and government programs in developing countries. The use of data from the evaluation of development policies has the additional advantage of capturing variation in resources and incentives that is introduced in an exogenous and controlled fashion. This allows the empirical identification of rich and credible structural models. The specific projects that make our research agenda will focus on three types of determinants: (i) preferences, perceptions, information and expectations; (ii) technology (how various inputs- investments- are converted into assets); (iii) resources and markets to access them. Estimation of these models will allow us to go beyond the simple estimation of the impacts of given policies, and shed light on the mechanisms and causal path that from individual perceptions, beliefs and expectations lead to investment choices and, eventually, to outcomes.
We propose to study the determinants of the accumulation of productive assets among poor households in developing countries with a special, but not exclusive focus, on human capital. We plan to study how preferences, beliefs, information, expectations and available resources affect investment decisions, how these investment decisions are transformed in assets and how these assets can affect the material well being of poor households. We will also study how the availability (or lack thereof) of credit and insurance markets affects the accumulation of productive assets of poor households. An important part of our research is the construction, validation and use of innovative measurement tools. We plan to construct and use quantitative measures of beliefs, expectations, attitudes and preferences. We will be able to embed these measures in surveys being collected for the evaluation of a variety of policies and government programs in developing countries. The use of data from the evaluation of development policies has the additional advantage of capturing variation in resources and incentives that is introduced in an exogenous and controlled fashion. This allows the empirical identification of rich and credible structural models. The specific projects that make our research agenda will focus on three types of determinants: (i) preferences, perceptions, information and expectations; (ii) technology (how various inputs- investments- are converted into assets); (iii) resources and markets to access them. Estimation of these models will allow us to go beyond the simple estimation of the impacts of given policies, and shed light on the mechanisms and causal path that from individual perceptions, beliefs and expectations lead to investment choices and, eventually, to outcomes.
Project acronym IMMUDROSO
Project Sensing and Signalling in the Innate Immune Response, using Drosophila as a Model
Researcher (PI) Jean-Marc Louis Charles Reichhart
Summary The project seeks to advance our knowledge of the innate immune system at two different but complementary levels, sensing and regulation of signalling. The first aim is centred on danger signals, and how they activate the immune system. We propose to use high-throughput RNA sequencing, molecular biology, fly and bacterial genetics to investigate the global network of genes and pathways that are involved in either endogenous (DNA and chromatin components) or exogenous (pathogen virulence factors) danger signal sensing. Drosophila is used here as a model system to analyse the complexities of host-pathogen interactions. As many bacteria use a common set of virulence factors to target different hosts, this work should lead to the identification of new defence genes and mechanisms in human. The second aim seeks to understand the mechanisms that fine-tune NF-ºB signalling in Drosophila and in mammals. NF-ºB mediates every aspect of inflammation and immune response through transcriptional programs that have to be orchestrated by yet unknown regulatory layers. The ability to effectively target inflammatory diseases for therapeutic intervention requires knowledge of the intricacies of these regulatory layers. First, we propose to characterize the molecular function of a new modulator of NF-ºB signalling that we have recently discovered, by using yeast two-hybrid screens, mass spectrometry and Drosophila genetics. In parallel, we propose to analyze the role of newly discovered and evolutionary conserved small RNAs in the regulation of the innate immune response in Drosophila. This exciting new area of research should lead to a better understanding of the control of immune reactions, one of the most important goals for medical research in the next decade.
The project seeks to advance our knowledge of the innate immune system at two different but complementary levels, sensing and regulation of signalling. The first aim is centred on danger signals, and how they activate the immune system. We propose to use high-throughput RNA sequencing, molecular biology, fly and bacterial genetics to investigate the global network of genes and pathways that are involved in either endogenous (DNA and chromatin components) or exogenous (pathogen virulence factors) danger signal sensing. Drosophila is used here as a model system to analyse the complexities of host-pathogen interactions. As many bacteria use a common set of virulence factors to target different hosts, this work should lead to the identification of new defence genes and mechanisms in human. The second aim seeks to understand the mechanisms that fine-tune NF-ºB signalling in Drosophila and in mammals. NF-ºB mediates every aspect of inflammation and immune response through transcriptional programs that have to be orchestrated by yet unknown regulatory layers. The ability to effectively target inflammatory diseases for therapeutic intervention requires knowledge of the intricacies of these regulatory layers. First, we propose to characterize the molecular function of a new modulator of NF-ºB signalling that we have recently discovered, by using yeast two-hybrid screens, mass spectrometry and Drosophila genetics. In parallel, we propose to analyze the role of newly discovered and evolutionary conserved small RNAs in the regulation of the innate immune response in Drosophila. This exciting new area of research should lead to a better understanding of the control of immune reactions, one of the most important goals for medical research in the next decade.
Project acronym IMMUNEXPLORE
Project New approaches to analyze and exploit the human B and T cell response against viruses
Researcher (PI) Antonio Lanzavecchia
Host Institution (HI) FONDAZIONE PER L ISTITUTO DI RICERCA IN BIOMEDICINA
Summary Immunological memory confers long term protection against pathogens and is the basis of successful vaccination. Following antigenic stimulation long lived plasma cells and memory B cells are maintained for a lifetime, conferring immediate protection and enhanced responsiveness to the eliciting antigen. However, in the case of variable pathogens such as influenza virus, B cell memory is only partially effective, depending on the extent of similarity between the preceding and the new viruses. The B cell response is dominated by serotype-specific antibodies and heterosubtypic antibodies capable of neutralizing several serotypes appear to be extremely rare. Understanding the basis of broadly neutralizing antibody responses is a critical aspect for the development of more effective vaccines. In this project we will explore the specificity and dynamics of human antibody responses to influenza virus by using newly developed technological platforms to culture human B cells and plasma cells and to analyze the repertoire of human naïve and memory T cells. High throughput functional screenings, structural analysis and testing in animal models will provide a thorough characterization of the human immune response. The B cell and T cell analysis aims at understanding fundamental aspects of the immune response such as: the selection and diversification of memory B cells; the individual variability of the antibody response, the mechanisms of T-B cooperation and the consequences of the original antigenic sin and of aging on the immune response. This analysis will be complemented by a translational approach whereby broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies will be developed and used: i) for passive vaccination against highly variable viruses; ii) for vaccine design through the identification and production of recombinant antigens to be used as effective vaccines; and iii) for active vaccination in order to facilitate T cell priming and jump start the immune responses.
Immunological memory confers long term protection against pathogens and is the basis of successful vaccination. Following antigenic stimulation long lived plasma cells and memory B cells are maintained for a lifetime, conferring immediate protection and enhanced responsiveness to the eliciting antigen. However, in the case of variable pathogens such as influenza virus, B cell memory is only partially effective, depending on the extent of similarity between the preceding and the new viruses. The B cell response is dominated by serotype-specific antibodies and heterosubtypic antibodies capable of neutralizing several serotypes appear to be extremely rare. Understanding the basis of broadly neutralizing antibody responses is a critical aspect for the development of more effective vaccines. In this project we will explore the specificity and dynamics of human antibody responses to influenza virus by using newly developed technological platforms to culture human B cells and plasma cells and to analyze the repertoire of human naïve and memory T cells. High throughput functional screenings, structural analysis and testing in animal models will provide a thorough characterization of the human immune response. The B cell and T cell analysis aims at understanding fundamental aspects of the immune response such as: the selection and diversification of memory B cells; the individual variability of the antibody response, the mechanisms of T-B cooperation and the consequences of the original antigenic sin and of aging on the immune response. This analysis will be complemented by a translational approach whereby broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies will be developed and used: i) for passive vaccination against highly variable viruses; ii) for vaccine design through the identification and production of recombinant antigens to be used as effective vaccines; and iii) for active vaccination in order to facilitate T cell priming and jump start the immune responses.
Project acronym IMMUNOSWITCH
Project Switch recombination: a model system for DNA editing and repair in human lymphocytes with relevance for primary immunodeficiency and cancer formation
Researcher (PI) Qiang Pan Hammarstroem
Summary The aim of this project is to try to understand the complex molecular mechanisms involved in DNA editing, repair and recombination during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). We have developed a series of PCR-based assays to study in vivo generated CSR junctions and the pattern of mutations introduced in the immunoglobulin variable region genes in human B cells, allowing us to characterize CSR and SHM in patients with immunodeficiency due to defect(s) in DNA repair/recombination. Novel in vitro CSR assays, based on GFP expression, allowing quantitative measurement of substrate recombination, are also being developed. In addition, we have initiated an evolutionary analysis of the function and structure of activation-induced deaminase, an essential molecule involved both in CSR and SHM, aiming to identify CSR specific-cofactor(s). Combining these approaches, we will be able to define the DNA repair pathways involved in CSR and SHM. The suggested project requires access to patients with various defects in the DNA repair pathways. Many of these diseases are exceedingly rare. However, through worldwide collaboration, we have obtained samples from a majority of the diagnosed patients. We are also refining the existing screening methods and developing novel methods, that will allow identification of additional patients both with recognized and new diseases caused by mutations in DNA repair pathways. Finally, we hope to be able to address the question whether illegitimate CSR events are associated with predisposition to lymphomagenesis in patients with immunodeficiency/DNA repair defect(s), by analyzing the CSR induced chromosomal breaks and translocations in these patients. A large-scale sequencing project is also planned to characterize the CSRnome in B-cell lymphoma samples.
The aim of this project is to try to understand the complex molecular mechanisms involved in DNA editing, repair and recombination during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). We have developed a series of PCR-based assays to study in vivo generated CSR junctions and the pattern of mutations introduced in the immunoglobulin variable region genes in human B cells, allowing us to characterize CSR and SHM in patients with immunodeficiency due to defect(s) in DNA repair/recombination. Novel in vitro CSR assays, based on GFP expression, allowing quantitative measurement of substrate recombination, are also being developed. In addition, we have initiated an evolutionary analysis of the function and structure of activation-induced deaminase, an essential molecule involved both in CSR and SHM, aiming to identify CSR specific-cofactor(s). Combining these approaches, we will be able to define the DNA repair pathways involved in CSR and SHM. The suggested project requires access to patients with various defects in the DNA repair pathways. Many of these diseases are exceedingly rare. However, through worldwide collaboration, we have obtained samples from a majority of the diagnosed patients. We are also refining the existing screening methods and developing novel methods, that will allow identification of additional patients both with recognized and new diseases caused by mutations in DNA repair pathways. Finally, we hope to be able to address the question whether illegitimate CSR events are associated with predisposition to lymphomagenesis in patients with immunodeficiency/DNA repair defect(s), by analyzing the CSR induced chromosomal breaks and translocations in these patients. A large-scale sequencing project is also planned to characterize the CSRnome in B-cell lymphoma samples.
Project acronym INCEL
Project Revealing the molecular architecture of integrin mediated cell adhesion
Researcher (PI) Ohad Medalia
Summary Cell adhesions play an important role in the organization, growth, maturation, and function of living cells. Interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an essential role in a variety of disease states , inflammation, and repair of damaged tissues. At the cellular level, many of the biological responses to external stimuli originate at adhesion loci, such as focal adhesions (FA), which link cells to the ECM . Cell adhesion is mediated by receptor proteins such as cadherins and integrins. The precise molecular composition, dynamics and signalling activity of these adhesion assemblies determine the specificity of adhesion-induced signals and their effects on the cell. However, characterization of the molecular architecture of FAs is highly challenging, and it thus remains unclear how these molecules function together, how they are recruited to the adhesion site, how they are turned over, and how they function in vivo. In this project, I aim to conduct an interdisciplinary study that will provide a quantum step forward in the understanding of the functional organization of FAs. We will analyze, for the first time, the three-dimensional structure of FAs in wild-type cells and in cells deficient in the specific proteins involved in the cell-adhesion machinery. We will study the effect of specific geometries on the functional architecture of focal adhesions in 3D. A combination of state-of-the-art technologies, such cryo-electron tomography of intact cells, gold cluster chemistry for in situ labeling, and modulation of the underlying matrix using micro- and nano-patterned adhesive surfaces, together with correlative light, atomic force and electron microscopy, will provide a hybrid approach for dissecting out the complex process of cell adhesion.In summary, this project addresses the properties of FAs across a wide range of complexities and dimensions, from macroscopic cellular phenomena to the physical nature of these molecular assemblies
Cell adhesions play an important role in the organization, growth, maturation, and function of living cells. Interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an essential role in a variety of disease states , inflammation, and repair of damaged tissues. At the cellular level, many of the biological responses to external stimuli originate at adhesion loci, such as focal adhesions (FA), which link cells to the ECM . Cell adhesion is mediated by receptor proteins such as cadherins and integrins. The precise molecular composition, dynamics and signalling activity of these adhesion assemblies determine the specificity of adhesion-induced signals and their effects on the cell. However, characterization of the molecular architecture of FAs is highly challenging, and it thus remains unclear how these molecules function together, how they are recruited to the adhesion site, how they are turned over, and how they function in vivo. In this project, I aim to conduct an interdisciplinary study that will provide a quantum step forward in the understanding of the functional organization of FAs. We will analyze, for the first time, the three-dimensional structure of FAs in wild-type cells and in cells deficient in the specific proteins involved in the cell-adhesion machinery. We will study the effect of specific geometries on the functional architecture of focal adhesions in 3D. A combination of state-of-the-art technologies, such cryo-electron tomography of intact cells, gold cluster chemistry for in situ labeling, and modulation of the underlying matrix using micro- and nano-patterned adhesive surfaces, together with correlative light, atomic force and electron microscopy, will provide a hybrid approach for dissecting out the complex process of cell adhesion.In summary, this project addresses the properties of FAs across a wide range of complexities and dimensions, from macroscopic cellular phenomena to the physical nature of these molecular assemblies
Project acronym INST&GLOB
Project Institutions and Globalization
Researcher (PI) Nicola Gennaioli
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITA COMMERCIALE LUIGI BOCCONI
Summary Economists have recently shown that developed economies rely on proper institutions for securing property rights, resolving disputes, etc. Scholars have studied the consequences of alternative legal and political institutions, but much remains to be done. One important and unexplored territory concerns the analysis of how national institutions interact in the international arena. This proposal seeks to study this problem from two perspectives. First, how does the quality of a country s national institutions affect its gains from international integration? Second, how does international integration affect a country s institutional reform path? We address the first question by studying, both theoretically and empirically, the impact of national institutions on sovereign risk, where the latter is defined as the risk that a government unilaterally decides ex-post not to honor its financial obligations with foreigners. While the impact of national institutions on private capital flows has been studied, the role of these same institutions on supporting government debt has so far received scant attention. As for the second question, we study the impact of political and financial integration on countries institutional reform. We model two different motivations towards institutional change in an integrated world: a) direct confrontation in wars and b) competition through world financial markets. The general thrust of these analyses is that institutional reform becomes a strategic variable in international competition, creating cross-country externalities that can shed light on observed episodes of institutional converge or divergence. We also consider the role of institutional harmonization in supporting economic integration.
Economists have recently shown that developed economies rely on proper institutions for securing property rights, resolving disputes, etc. Scholars have studied the consequences of alternative legal and political institutions, but much remains to be done. One important and unexplored territory concerns the analysis of how national institutions interact in the international arena. This proposal seeks to study this problem from two perspectives. First, how does the quality of a country s national institutions affect its gains from international integration? Second, how does international integration affect a country s institutional reform path? We address the first question by studying, both theoretically and empirically, the impact of national institutions on sovereign risk, where the latter is defined as the risk that a government unilaterally decides ex-post not to honor its financial obligations with foreigners. While the impact of national institutions on private capital flows has been studied, the role of these same institutions on supporting government debt has so far received scant attention. As for the second question, we study the impact of political and financial integration on countries institutional reform. We model two different motivations towards institutional change in an integrated world: a) direct confrontation in wars and b) competition through world financial markets. The general thrust of these analyses is that institutional reform becomes a strategic variable in international competition, creating cross-country externalities that can shed light on observed episodes of institutional converge or divergence. We also consider the role of institutional harmonization in supporting economic integration.
Project acronym INTGEN
Project Intergenerational correlations of schooling, income and health: an investigation of the underlying mechanisms
Researcher (PI) Carl Mikael Lindahl
Host Institution (HI) UPPSALA UNIVERSITET
Summary The objective of this project is to use rich Swedish registry data to learn about mechanisms behind intergenerational correlations. Typically, considerably effort has been spent on estimating correlations between outcome variables, such as education and income, for parents and children. However, the estimated correlations are driven by the causal effect of the parental variable of interest as well as unobservable factors such as other family background related variables and a part that is due to genetic transmission between parent and child. Disentangling these parts is very difficult and only recently has researchers made serious attempts to disentangling these different parts. However, findings vary widely across methods and this literature is still in its infancy. Among questions we ask are: How much of the association between outcome variables for the child and a parent is due to a causal effect from the parental variable, and how much is transmitted through unobservable family factors and genetic transmission? What are the intergenerational transmission and channels for life expectancy and health? What is the importance of genes-environmental interaction? Has the importance of genes, environment and its interactions for the intergenerational associations changed during the growth of the Scandinavian welfare state? How many generations does it take for ancestors placement in the income distribution to not longer matter for life success? These questions are directly relevant for policy, and relate to classical social science issues such as inequality of opportunity and level-of-living in general. The innovativeness of this project is based on using the uniqueness of Swedish registry data (ideal to answer these questions), with which one can match biological and adoptive parents, children and siblings, and hence can identify whether children are reared by their biological or adoptive parents, for the population of Swedes.
The objective of this project is to use rich Swedish registry data to learn about mechanisms behind intergenerational correlations. Typically, considerably effort has been spent on estimating correlations between outcome variables, such as education and income, for parents and children. However, the estimated correlations are driven by the causal effect of the parental variable of interest as well as unobservable factors such as other family background related variables and a part that is due to genetic transmission between parent and child. Disentangling these parts is very difficult and only recently has researchers made serious attempts to disentangling these different parts. However, findings vary widely across methods and this literature is still in its infancy. Among questions we ask are: How much of the association between outcome variables for the child and a parent is due to a causal effect from the parental variable, and how much is transmitted through unobservable family factors and genetic transmission? What are the intergenerational transmission and channels for life expectancy and health? What is the importance of genes-environmental interaction? Has the importance of genes, environment and its interactions for the intergenerational associations changed during the growth of the Scandinavian welfare state? How many generations does it take for ancestors placement in the income distribution to not longer matter for life success? These questions are directly relevant for policy, and relate to classical social science issues such as inequality of opportunity and level-of-living in general. The innovativeness of this project is based on using the uniqueness of Swedish registry data (ideal to answer these questions), with which one can match biological and adoptive parents, children and siblings, and hence can identify whether children are reared by their biological or adoptive parents, for the population of Swedes.
Project acronym JTOMO
Project Study of the molecular organization of cell junctions by cryo-electron tomography
Researcher (PI) Achilleas Frangakis
Host Institution (HI) JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITATFRANKFURT AM MAIN
Summary Cells sense, affect and respond to their environment through the fundamental function of adhesion. Several types of adhesion sites, which are mediated via dynamically maintained multi-protein structures, anchor extracellular-matrix proteins to the cytoskeleton. Despite considerable efforts, the long-standing questions of how adhesion sites are formed, structured and regulated remain unanswered. In this research plan we will investigate desmosomes and adherens junctions by cryo-electron tomography of cells and tissue. The principal objectives are: (a) to visualize the molecular architecture and reveal the structural differences of the adhesion sites under various conditions and influences, i.e. mutations, wounds, etc. (b) to reveal their molecular association to the cytoskeleton (intermediate and actin filaments respectively), and to chart the network of interactions underlying cellular adhesion, and (c) to develop novel pattern recognition and classification techniques in order to structurally characterize the adhesion sites in toto by cryo-electron tomography of vitreous sections. We will use pattern recognition techniques and locally averaged cryo-electron sub-tomograms to quantify the macromolecular complexes in terms of stoichiometry and protein interactions in situ at high resolution (~3 nm). In particular, we aim to reveal how a pool of constituent proteins is organized in the two adhesion sites. Significant amounts of information coming from immunogold electron microscopy, fragments from X-ray structures, force measurements with atomic force microscopy, and structural bioinformatics will be integrated into our cryo-electron tomograms. This research will pioneer structural comparisons of protein networks at nanometer resolution in situ and in toto. The experimental and theoretical methods that will be developed would be indispensable for studying any spatially constrained protein network whose state depends on local properties.
Cells sense, affect and respond to their environment through the fundamental function of adhesion. Several types of adhesion sites, which are mediated via dynamically maintained multi-protein structures, anchor extracellular-matrix proteins to the cytoskeleton. Despite considerable efforts, the long-standing questions of how adhesion sites are formed, structured and regulated remain unanswered. In this research plan we will investigate desmosomes and adherens junctions by cryo-electron tomography of cells and tissue. The principal objectives are: (a) to visualize the molecular architecture and reveal the structural differences of the adhesion sites under various conditions and influences, i.e. mutations, wounds, etc. (b) to reveal their molecular association to the cytoskeleton (intermediate and actin filaments respectively), and to chart the network of interactions underlying cellular adhesion, and (c) to develop novel pattern recognition and classification techniques in order to structurally characterize the adhesion sites in toto by cryo-electron tomography of vitreous sections. We will use pattern recognition techniques and locally averaged cryo-electron sub-tomograms to quantify the macromolecular complexes in terms of stoichiometry and protein interactions in situ at high resolution (~3 nm). In particular, we aim to reveal how a pool of constituent proteins is organized in the two adhesion sites. Significant amounts of information coming from immunogold electron microscopy, fragments from X-ray structures, force measurements with atomic force microscopy, and structural bioinformatics will be integrated into our cryo-electron tomograms. This research will pioneer structural comparisons of protein networks at nanometer resolution in situ and in toto. The experimental and theoretical methods that will be developed would be indispensable for studying any spatially constrained protein network whose state depends on local properties.
Project acronym KINSIGN
Project Guarding Genome Stability: Dynamic Control of Chromosome Segregation by Kinetochore Signalling Pathways
Researcher (PI) Geert Johannes Petrus Lambertus Kops
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAIR MEDISCH CENTRUM UTRECHT
Summary Equal segregation of chromosomes during cell division is vital to all life. Using a unique combination of cell biological and biochemical techniques, I will show how an essential set of enzymes promotes error-free chromosome segregation. During each cell division, genetically identical daughter cells are generated by accurate partitioning of the duplicated chromosomes. This relies on proper spatio-temporal execution of various highly dynamic processes. The activity of a small group of enzymes is crucial for at least two of these processes: correct chromosome positioning on the cell's equator prior to cell division and the ability to prevent cell division until every chromosome is thus positioned. The molecular fundamentals of signalling to and from these enzymes will be uncovered by chemical genetics, quantitative (phospho)proteomics, rapid affinity purifications and live-cell deconvolution microscopy. The resulting insights will open research avenues that will ultimately contribute to comprehensive models of how biochemical networks manage to prevent chromosome mis-segregation.
Equal segregation of chromosomes during cell division is vital to all life. Using a unique combination of cell biological and biochemical techniques, I will show how an essential set of enzymes promotes error-free chromosome segregation. During each cell division, genetically identical daughter cells are generated by accurate partitioning of the duplicated chromosomes. This relies on proper spatio-temporal execution of various highly dynamic processes. The activity of a small group of enzymes is crucial for at least two of these processes: correct chromosome positioning on the cell's equator prior to cell division and the ability to prevent cell division until every chromosome is thus positioned. The molecular fundamentals of signalling to and from these enzymes will be uncovered by chemical genetics, quantitative (phospho)proteomics, rapid affinity purifications and live-cell deconvolution microscopy. The resulting insights will open research avenues that will ultimately contribute to comprehensive models of how biochemical networks manage to prevent chromosome mis-segregation.
Project acronym LAST
Project Large Scale Privacy-Preserving Technology in the Digital World - Infrastructure and Applications
Researcher (PI) Yehuda Lindell
Host Institution (HI) BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY
Summary Data mining provides large benefits to the commercial, government and homeland security sectors, but the aggregation and storage of huge amounts of data about citizens inevitably leads to erosion of privacy. To achieve the benefits that data mining has to offer, while at the same time enhancing privacy, we need technological solutions that simultaneously enable data mining while preserving privacy. The current state of the art has focused on providing privacy-preserving solutions for very specific problems, and has thus taken a local perspective. Although this is an important first step in the development of privacy-preserving solutions, it is time for a global perspective on the problem that aims for providing full integrated solutions. Our goal in this research is to study privacy and develop comprehensive solutions for enhancing it in the digital era. Our proposed research project includes foundational research on privacy, an infrastructure level for achieving anonymity over the Internet, key cryptographic tools for constructing privacy-preserving protocols, and development of large-scale applications that are built on top of all of the above. The novelty of our research is in our focus on fundamental issues towards comprehensive solutions that are aimed for large-scale data sources. The project s outcome will allow migration from local solutions for specific problems that are suited for small to medium scale data sources to comprehensive privacy-preserving database and data mining solutions for large scale data warehouses. Achieving this great challenge carries immense scientific, technological and societal rewards.
Data mining provides large benefits to the commercial, government and homeland security sectors, but the aggregation and storage of huge amounts of data about citizens inevitably leads to erosion of privacy. To achieve the benefits that data mining has to offer, while at the same time enhancing privacy, we need technological solutions that simultaneously enable data mining while preserving privacy. The current state of the art has focused on providing privacy-preserving solutions for very specific problems, and has thus taken a local perspective. Although this is an important first step in the development of privacy-preserving solutions, it is time for a global perspective on the problem that aims for providing full integrated solutions. Our goal in this research is to study privacy and develop comprehensive solutions for enhancing it in the digital era. Our proposed research project includes foundational research on privacy, an infrastructure level for achieving anonymity over the Internet, key cryptographic tools for constructing privacy-preserving protocols, and development of large-scale applications that are built on top of all of the above. The novelty of our research is in our focus on fundamental issues towards comprehensive solutions that are aimed for large-scale data sources. The project s outcome will allow migration from local solutions for specific problems that are suited for small to medium scale data sources to comprehensive privacy-preserving database and data mining solutions for large scale data warehouses. Achieving this great challenge carries immense scientific, technological and societal rewards.
Project acronym LINEUB
Project Linear ubiquitin chains - novel cellular signals involved in inflammation and cancer
Researcher (PI) Ivan Dikic
Summary Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small modifier that labels proteins in a highly specific manner. Like phosphorylation, modification of proteins by Ub is prevalent in the majority of cellular processes. An increasing number of distinct functions have been assigned to different types of ubiquitin modifications (monoUb and different Lys-linked chains). Moreover, aberrations in the ubiquitin system underlie many disease states, including cancer, inflammatory, immune and metabolic disorders as well as neurodegeneration. The most recently described physiological ubiquitin modification is the linear ubiquitin chain, in which ubiquitin monomers are conjugated via Met-Gly linkages. We have found that linear ubiquitin chains bind specifically to the NEMO adaptor molecule, an event critical for the proper regulation of NF-ºB signaling (Rahighi, 2009). Here we propose to use a multidisciplinary strategy to study the role of linear ubiquitination in the NF-ºB pathway, autophagy, apoptosis and DNA repair and how these changes can impact on disease states such as inflammation and cancer development. Scientific objectives are: " Characterize the components of linear ubiquitination: E3 ligases, specific substrates and domains recognizing linear ubiquitin chains " Elucidate the in vivo role of linear ubiquitination in the regulation of the NF-ºB pathway, apoptosis and DNA repair. " Reveal the molecular basis for the connections between linear ubiquitination and selective autophagy " Identify elements in the linear ubiquitin network as potential drug targets " Generate transgenic mouse models of inflammatory diseases and cancer " Develop system and computational biology approaches to assess the global role of linear ubiquitination in cellular proteome
Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small modifier that labels proteins in a highly specific manner. Like phosphorylation, modification of proteins by Ub is prevalent in the majority of cellular processes. An increasing number of distinct functions have been assigned to different types of ubiquitin modifications (monoUb and different Lys-linked chains). Moreover, aberrations in the ubiquitin system underlie many disease states, including cancer, inflammatory, immune and metabolic disorders as well as neurodegeneration. The most recently described physiological ubiquitin modification is the linear ubiquitin chain, in which ubiquitin monomers are conjugated via Met-Gly linkages. We have found that linear ubiquitin chains bind specifically to the NEMO adaptor molecule, an event critical for the proper regulation of NF-ºB signaling (Rahighi, 2009). Here we propose to use a multidisciplinary strategy to study the role of linear ubiquitination in the NF-ºB pathway, autophagy, apoptosis and DNA repair and how these changes can impact on disease states such as inflammation and cancer development. Scientific objectives are: " Characterize the components of linear ubiquitination: E3 ligases, specific substrates and domains recognizing linear ubiquitin chains " Elucidate the in vivo role of linear ubiquitination in the regulation of the NF-ºB pathway, apoptosis and DNA repair. " Reveal the molecular basis for the connections between linear ubiquitination and selective autophagy " Identify elements in the linear ubiquitin network as potential drug targets " Generate transgenic mouse models of inflammatory diseases and cancer " Develop system and computational biology approaches to assess the global role of linear ubiquitination in cellular proteome
Project acronym LIVEDIFFERENCE
Project Living with Difference in Europe - Making Communities out of Strangers in an era of super-mobility and super-diversity
Researcher (PI) Gillian Margaret Valentine
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
Summary We are witnessing unprecedented levels of mobility (within and beyond the European Union) and population change. In this context, how we develop the capacity to live with difference is the key question of the 21st century. It is this fundamental research question which this proposal addresses (an issue that is particularly pertinent given rising levels of insecurity generated by post 9/11 terrorism and the current global financial crisis). This will be achieved by the generation of a new body of information and understanding about the extent and nature of everyday encounters with difference through five inter-linked projects, each collecting original empirical data in the UK and Poland. My vision is to advance the theorization of meaningful contact by using this data about spatial practices of encounter and intersectionality to shed new light on mostly unevidenced interdisciplinary theories of cosmopolitanism; and to develop further an innovative social topographic approach for transcending conventional comparative research perspectives by producing a sophisticated model of the complex webs of connection across the research locations, integrating the findings from a post-colonial and post-communist state. I will develop new horizons in methodological practice through the development of biographical timelines, and audio diaries to capture qualitative longitudinal data; video-elicitation of encounters with difference; and radical spatial experiments to create meaningful contact. The findings will provide an integrated evidence base about everyday understandings of difference and spatial practices of encounter that will inform, and nuance, European policies and strategies for living with difference. This programme will be unique internationally and will open up new directions in the interdisciplinary study of cosmopolitanism.
We are witnessing unprecedented levels of mobility (within and beyond the European Union) and population change. In this context, how we develop the capacity to live with difference is the key question of the 21st century. It is this fundamental research question which this proposal addresses (an issue that is particularly pertinent given rising levels of insecurity generated by post 9/11 terrorism and the current global financial crisis). This will be achieved by the generation of a new body of information and understanding about the extent and nature of everyday encounters with difference through five inter-linked projects, each collecting original empirical data in the UK and Poland. My vision is to advance the theorization of meaningful contact by using this data about spatial practices of encounter and intersectionality to shed new light on mostly unevidenced interdisciplinary theories of cosmopolitanism; and to develop further an innovative social topographic approach for transcending conventional comparative research perspectives by producing a sophisticated model of the complex webs of connection across the research locations, integrating the findings from a post-colonial and post-communist state. I will develop new horizons in methodological practice through the development of biographical timelines, and audio diaries to capture qualitative longitudinal data; video-elicitation of encounters with difference; and radical spatial experiments to create meaningful contact. The findings will provide an integrated evidence base about everyday understandings of difference and spatial practices of encounter that will inform, and nuance, European policies and strategies for living with difference. This programme will be unique internationally and will open up new directions in the interdisciplinary study of cosmopolitanism.
Project acronym LIVER IVM AND HBV
Project Imaging liver immunopathology by intravital microscopy (IVM): a new approach to study the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
Researcher (PI) Luca Guidotti
Host Institution (HI) OSPEDALE SAN RAFFAELE SRL
Summary Overall objective and Specific Aims. The overall objective of this proposal is to elucidate the pathogenesis of HBV infection with the ultimate hope that this knowledge will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to terminate persistent infection and its attendant costs and complications. Our approach is to dissect poorly understood cellular and molecular pathways responsible for both liver disease and viral clearance taking advantage of technological advances in the field of live imaging and unique mouse models of HBV infection. Three specific aims will be pursued: 1. Visualize and characterize where and how naïve and effector CTL of different specificities adhere to vessels and recognize/kill HBV-expressing hepatocytes within the “normal”, fibrotic/cirrhotic or cancerous liver. 2. Characterize the role of platelets in HBV pathogenesis. 3. Characterize the role of Kupffer cells in HBV pathogenesis.
Overall objective and Specific Aims. The overall objective of this proposal is to elucidate the pathogenesis of HBV infection with the ultimate hope that this knowledge will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to terminate persistent infection and its attendant costs and complications. Our approach is to dissect poorly understood cellular and molecular pathways responsible for both liver disease and viral clearance taking advantage of technological advances in the field of live imaging and unique mouse models of HBV infection. Three specific aims will be pursued: 1. Visualize and characterize where and how naïve and effector CTL of different specificities adhere to vessels and recognize/kill HBV-expressing hepatocytes within the “normal”, fibrotic/cirrhotic or cancerous liver. 2. Characterize the role of platelets in HBV pathogenesis. 3. Characterize the role of Kupffer cells in HBV pathogenesis.
Project acronym LONGEVITYBYCAUSE
Project Cause of Death Contribution to Longevity: Modeling Time Trends
Researcher (PI) Vladimir Canudas Romo
Host Institution (HI) SYDDANSK UNIVERSITET
Summary Since the mid-nineteen century life expectancy in developed countries has doubled, increasing from levels around 40 years to above 80 years. This research project is motivated by the need to further explore how societies have achieved the current levels of longevity, in terms of life expectancy and modal age at death. To achieve this, age-patterns and time-trends in cause of death contribution to longevity are assessed. This historical analysis is carried out in fifty developed and developing countries/areas. It is expected that the cause of death contribution to the advancement of longevity is country/region specific. However, the hypothesis to be tested is that there are common cause-specific time-trends across countries which can be described by a model of cause of death contribution to longevity. Several purposes for such a model can be listed: it will allow us to study expected future mortality directions in developed nations that are currently still facing high levels of some particular causes of death, e.g. the Netherlands and United States. It could also help investigating the retrocession in mortality observed in some transitional countries/areas, particularly in Eastern Europe. Finally, the accelerated epidemiological transition in developing countries is compared to the slower trend in the developed world at earlier times, model results versus observed cause-contribution. The interest in the latter comparison is to foresee the increase in the prevalence of chronic disease in low-income countries predicted by the WHO and the World Bank. Furthermore, one in every three countries in the world has adequate cause-specific mortality data. The proposed model could facilitate estimating the current cause of death status in developing countries. This project addresses a significant question concerning the mechanisms (age and cause of death) that direct reductions in mortality.
Since the mid-nineteen century life expectancy in developed countries has doubled, increasing from levels around 40 years to above 80 years. This research project is motivated by the need to further explore how societies have achieved the current levels of longevity, in terms of life expectancy and modal age at death. To achieve this, age-patterns and time-trends in cause of death contribution to longevity are assessed. This historical analysis is carried out in fifty developed and developing countries/areas. It is expected that the cause of death contribution to the advancement of longevity is country/region specific. However, the hypothesis to be tested is that there are common cause-specific time-trends across countries which can be described by a model of cause of death contribution to longevity. Several purposes for such a model can be listed: it will allow us to study expected future mortality directions in developed nations that are currently still facing high levels of some particular causes of death, e.g. the Netherlands and United States. It could also help investigating the retrocession in mortality observed in some transitional countries/areas, particularly in Eastern Europe. Finally, the accelerated epidemiological transition in developing countries is compared to the slower trend in the developed world at earlier times, model results versus observed cause-contribution. The interest in the latter comparison is to foresee the increase in the prevalence of chronic disease in low-income countries predicted by the WHO and the World Bank. Furthermore, one in every three countries in the world has adequate cause-specific mortality data. The proposed model could facilitate estimating the current cause of death status in developing countries. This project addresses a significant question concerning the mechanisms (age and cause of death) that direct reductions in mortality.
Project acronym LUNELY
Project ALK as a common target for the pathogenesis and therapy in lymphoma, lung carcinoma and neuroblastoma
Researcher (PI) Roberto Chiarle
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO
Summary The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) has been discovered as the result of chromosomal translocations in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (ALCL) (Chiarle et al Nat Rev Cancer. 2008, 8:11). In ALCL, the role of the ALK oncogenic translocations has been established in vitro and in transgenic mouse models. Recent findings have shown ALK translocations, mutations or amplifications in other types of solid cancers, such as lung carcinoma (Soda et al. Nature. 2007, 448:561) and neuroblastoma (Mossè et al. Nature 2008, 455: 930). However, the role of ALK gene mutations in these solid tumours remains largely undetermined. This lack of knowledge is even worse given the fact that a therapy that targets ALK in these tumours could be feasible. Aim 1. Targeting of ALK in ALCL lymphomas. ALCL ALK positive lymphomas will be tested for small molecule inhibitors of the activity of ALK. In addition, a combination of gene silencing, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), and vaccination against ALK will be validated as selective ALK therapies. Aim 2. Characterization of the role of ALK in lung cancer through the generation of mouse models. We propose to characterize the pathogenetic role of ALK in lung cancer by in vitro studies and by generating mouse models for ALK positive lung cancers. These mouse models will be fundamental to validate the innovative therapies against ALK positive lung carcinoma. Aim 3. Validation of ALK as an oncogene and a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. We plan to develop mouse models of neuroblastoma to investigate the pathogenetic role of ALK in the onset and maintenance of neuroblastoma in vivo. These mouse model of neuroblastoma will be used for the validation of ALK specific therapies. Overall, the proposed project will define the role of ALK in lymphoma, neuroblastoma and lungcancer and validate its potential use as a a target for therapy in those tumours. The impact of these novel therapies will be of great value in these deadly tumours.
The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) has been discovered as the result of chromosomal translocations in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (ALCL) (Chiarle et al Nat Rev Cancer. 2008, 8:11). In ALCL, the role of the ALK oncogenic translocations has been established in vitro and in transgenic mouse models. Recent findings have shown ALK translocations, mutations or amplifications in other types of solid cancers, such as lung carcinoma (Soda et al. Nature. 2007, 448:561) and neuroblastoma (Mossè et al. Nature 2008, 455: 930). However, the role of ALK gene mutations in these solid tumours remains largely undetermined. This lack of knowledge is even worse given the fact that a therapy that targets ALK in these tumours could be feasible. Aim 1. Targeting of ALK in ALCL lymphomas. ALCL ALK positive lymphomas will be tested for small molecule inhibitors of the activity of ALK. In addition, a combination of gene silencing, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), and vaccination against ALK will be validated as selective ALK therapies. Aim 2. Characterization of the role of ALK in lung cancer through the generation of mouse models. We propose to characterize the pathogenetic role of ALK in lung cancer by in vitro studies and by generating mouse models for ALK positive lung cancers. These mouse models will be fundamental to validate the innovative therapies against ALK positive lung carcinoma. Aim 3. Validation of ALK as an oncogene and a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. We plan to develop mouse models of neuroblastoma to investigate the pathogenetic role of ALK in the onset and maintenance of neuroblastoma in vivo. These mouse model of neuroblastoma will be used for the validation of ALK specific therapies. Overall, the proposed project will define the role of ALK in lymphoma, neuroblastoma and lungcancer and validate its potential use as a a target for therapy in those tumours. The impact of these novel therapies will be of great value in these deadly tumours.
Project acronym MACROMOD
Project New Issues in Macro Modeling
Researcher (PI) Pierpaolo Benigno
Host Institution (HI) LUISS LIBERA UNIVERSITA INTERNAZIONALE DEGLI STUDI SOCIALI GUIDO CARLI
Summary This project aims at providing novel foundations for the aggregate supply and demand blocks of current macro models, which are extensively used for policy evaluation. On the aggregate-supply side, the first part of the proposal is motivated by recent extensive and consistent empirical evidence on the presence of downward nominal and real rigidities in developed economies. The objective is to investigate the theoretical and empirical implications of including these rigidities in current macro models for: 1) the long-run relationships between inflation, unemployment and productivity growth; 2) the joint dynamics of inflation and unemployment; 3) the role of macroeconomic volatility in influencing these relationships; 4) the distribution of wages. From the policy perspective, several key implications would be examined in terms of the optimal inflation rate and the appropriate degree of stabilization policies. The second part of the proposal deals with the aggregate-demand side of current models and particularly with the specification of the stochastic discount factor. It is a well-known fact that macro models are unable to match the asset-price implications of the data. These shortcomings are more pronounced in open-economy models since the stochastic discount factors also determine the cross-country distribution of wealth and the portfolio allocations. The project will: 1) document the failures of standard preferences in accounting for several puzzles; 2) study whether there exists some stochastic discount factor that can be consistent with the data and with no-arbitrage theories; 3) add a macro structure on this stochastic discount factor while maintaining its consistency with data. In reference to the latter point, particular attention will be devoted to near-rational theories of optimizing behaviour in which the distortions in the subjective probability distributions can be related to macro variables through an optimizing model. Finally, the research under this proposal will integrate the findings of part 1) and part 2) of the project to propose more realistic frameworks in which it is possible to investigate how investment and consumption decisions change when agents’ evaluation of future contingencies is distorted or uncertain. In particular, the project aims at investigating how monetary policy should be set when agents fear model misspecification, which manifests itself thorugh considerable and realistic premia in holding risky assets.
This project aims at providing novel foundations for the aggregate supply and demand blocks of current macro models, which are extensively used for policy evaluation. On the aggregate-supply side, the first part of the proposal is motivated by recent extensive and consistent empirical evidence on the presence of downward nominal and real rigidities in developed economies. The objective is to investigate the theoretical and empirical implications of including these rigidities in current macro models for: 1) the long-run relationships between inflation, unemployment and productivity growth; 2) the joint dynamics of inflation and unemployment; 3) the role of macroeconomic volatility in influencing these relationships; 4) the distribution of wages. From the policy perspective, several key implications would be examined in terms of the optimal inflation rate and the appropriate degree of stabilization policies. The second part of the proposal deals with the aggregate-demand side of current models and particularly with the specification of the stochastic discount factor. It is a well-known fact that macro models are unable to match the asset-price implications of the data. These shortcomings are more pronounced in open-economy models since the stochastic discount factors also determine the cross-country distribution of wealth and the portfolio allocations. The project will: 1) document the failures of standard preferences in accounting for several puzzles; 2) study whether there exists some stochastic discount factor that can be consistent with the data and with no-arbitrage theories; 3) add a macro structure on this stochastic discount factor while maintaining its consistency with data. In reference to the latter point, particular attention will be devoted to near-rational theories of optimizing behaviour in which the distortions in the subjective probability distributions can be related to macro variables through an optimizing model. Finally, the research under this proposal will integrate the findings of part 1) and part 2) of the project to propose more realistic frameworks in which it is possible to investigate how investment and consumption decisions change when agents’ evaluation of future contingencies is distorted or uncertain. In particular, the project aims at investigating how monetary policy should be set when agents fear model misspecification, which manifests itself thorugh considerable and realistic premia in holding risky assets.
Project acronym MAPFAN
Project Microeconomic Analysis of Prices, Food and Nutrition
Researcher (PI) Rachel Griffith
Host Institution (HI) Institute for Fiscal Studies
Summary Diet-related chronic diseases are a major public health concern. Addressing this concern is a key government policy objectives. Poor diet is one important cause, and a number of policies are aimed at improving diet. The impact of these policies on diet, and thus on health outcomes, will depend crucially on how consumers adapt their food purchasing behaviour in response to the policy, and on how firms in turn respond in terms of the prices they set and the foods they offer. This proposal sets out an ambitious programme of research that aims to provide a deeper understanding of consumer food purchasing behaviour and firm food pricing behaviour, and their impact on nutrition, taking account of the fact that these markets are typified by oligopolistic competition. This research agenda is made possible by rich new household level data on prices and nutrients. The research will comprise five inter-related projects. The first two projects will develop a set of models and econometric tools which will produce interesting results in their own right, but will also provide key inputs into the other three projects. Each project seeks to make fundamental advances on the existing literature, and addresses an important policy question. The projects are linked since they will utilise related modelling tools, econometric methods and data. Together these projects will provide a more comprehensive analysis of policy options in the area of food and nutrition than would be possible with independent projects. The projects are: estimating demand for food, store choice and nutritional outcomes; estimating income effects; ex ante evaluation of tax policies; ex post evaluation of information campaigns; and innovation, nutrition and the introduction of new products in the food industry.
Diet-related chronic diseases are a major public health concern. Addressing this concern is a key government policy objectives. Poor diet is one important cause, and a number of policies are aimed at improving diet. The impact of these policies on diet, and thus on health outcomes, will depend crucially on how consumers adapt their food purchasing behaviour in response to the policy, and on how firms in turn respond in terms of the prices they set and the foods they offer. This proposal sets out an ambitious programme of research that aims to provide a deeper understanding of consumer food purchasing behaviour and firm food pricing behaviour, and their impact on nutrition, taking account of the fact that these markets are typified by oligopolistic competition. This research agenda is made possible by rich new household level data on prices and nutrients. The research will comprise five inter-related projects. The first two projects will develop a set of models and econometric tools which will produce interesting results in their own right, but will also provide key inputs into the other three projects. Each project seeks to make fundamental advances on the existing literature, and addresses an important policy question. The projects are linked since they will utilise related modelling tools, econometric methods and data. Together these projects will provide a more comprehensive analysis of policy options in the area of food and nutrition than would be possible with independent projects. The projects are: estimating demand for food, store choice and nutritional outcomes; estimating income effects; ex ante evaluation of tax policies; ex post evaluation of information campaigns; and innovation, nutrition and the introduction of new products in the food industry.
Project acronym MATHFOR
Project Formalization of Constructive Mathematics
Researcher (PI) Thierry Coquand
Host Institution (HI) GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET
Summary The general theme is to explore the connections between reasoning and computations in mathematics. There are two main research directions. The first research direction is a refomulation of Hilbert's program, using ideas from formal, or pointfree topology. We have shown, with multiple examples, that this allows a partial realization of this program in commutative algebra, and a new way to formulate constructive mathematics. The second research direction explores the computational content using type theory and the Curry-Howard correspondence between proofs and programs. Type theory allows us to represent constructive mathematics in a formal way, and provides key insight for the design of proof systems helping in the analysis of the logical structure of mathematical proofs. The interest of this program is well illustrated by the recent work of G. Gonthier on the formalization of the 4 color theorem.
The general theme is to explore the connections between reasoning and computations in mathematics. There are two main research directions. The first research direction is a refomulation of Hilbert's program, using ideas from formal, or pointfree topology. We have shown, with multiple examples, that this allows a partial realization of this program in commutative algebra, and a new way to formulate constructive mathematics. The second research direction explores the computational content using type theory and the Curry-Howard correspondence between proofs and programs. Type theory allows us to represent constructive mathematics in a formal way, and provides key insight for the design of proof systems helping in the analysis of the logical structure of mathematical proofs. The interest of this program is well illustrated by the recent work of G. Gonthier on the formalization of the 4 color theorem.
Project acronym MECHANICITY
Project Morphology, Energy and Climate Change in the City
Researcher (PI) Michael Batty
Summary Despite half a century of sustained research into the structure of cities, we still cannot answer the most basic questions of how their morphology is affected by the energy and income of their populations. We do not know if cities will become more compact or more spread out as energy usage changes due to global warming and as we switch to renewable energy sources. What we need is much more robust theory with applicable computer models for forecasting such impacts. Many of the rudiments involving agglomeration economics, growth theory, trade, nonlinear dynamics, and fractal geometry have already been put in place with the complexity sciences providing a framework for this new social physics. But so far, energy has been strangely absent. Here we will embrace this role, thus generating theory and models able to address what cities will look like if current predictions of climate change are borne out. We will organise the project into six related themes. First, we will extend theories of urban morphology based on fractals, scaling and allometry to incorporate energetics in analogy to transport and network processes. Second we will link these to statistical thermodynamics in spatial interaction and location modelling where energy, entropy, and accessibility are central. Third we will aggregate our theories to enable comparative analyses of city shape, compactness, energy use, and density. Fourth, we will explore different dynamic regimes building on self-criticality and bifurcation. Fifth, we will make these ideas operational building on our London Tyndall Centre model, and on related work in Phoenix and Shanghai. Last, we will construct a web-based laboratory for posing what if questions about climate change and energy balance using our theoretical and empirical models.
Despite half a century of sustained research into the structure of cities, we still cannot answer the most basic questions of how their morphology is affected by the energy and income of their populations. We do not know if cities will become more compact or more spread out as energy usage changes due to global warming and as we switch to renewable energy sources. What we need is much more robust theory with applicable computer models for forecasting such impacts. Many of the rudiments involving agglomeration economics, growth theory, trade, nonlinear dynamics, and fractal geometry have already been put in place with the complexity sciences providing a framework for this new social physics. But so far, energy has been strangely absent. Here we will embrace this role, thus generating theory and models able to address what cities will look like if current predictions of climate change are borne out. We will organise the project into six related themes. First, we will extend theories of urban morphology based on fractals, scaling and allometry to incorporate energetics in analogy to transport and network processes. Second we will link these to statistical thermodynamics in spatial interaction and location modelling where energy, entropy, and accessibility are central. Third we will aggregate our theories to enable comparative analyses of city shape, compactness, energy use, and density. Fourth, we will explore different dynamic regimes building on self-criticality and bifurcation. Fifth, we will make these ideas operational building on our London Tyndall Centre model, and on related work in Phoenix and Shanghai. Last, we will construct a web-based laboratory for posing what if questions about climate change and energy balance using our theoretical and empirical models.
Project acronym MECHWNTSIGNALS
Project Mechanisms of Wnt Signaling Initiation
Researcher (PI) Madelon Maria Maurice
Summary Wnt proteins dictate critical cell growth and lineage decisions during development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of Wnt signalling is a frequent cause of cancer. The earliest events that occur after Wnts bind their receptors at the cell surface, such as receptor endocytosis and recruitment of cytoplasmic effectors, are decisive for downstream gene activation but the underlying mechanisms by which these events process and tune the Wnt signal remain poorly understood. The key objective of this proposal is to resolve critical molecular events that drive initiation of the Wnt cascade by focusing on two central questions: How does protein trafficking control Wnt signalling initiation? What molecular mechanisms underlie Wnt-induced formation and activation of multiprotein complexes? I will take a unique approach combining advanced live cell imaging and high resolution immuno-electron microscopy with sophisticated peptide chemistry, gene silencing and biochemistry to dissect early Wnt signalling events at the level of isolated molecules, in cultured cells and in complex tissues of living animals. With the proposed interdisciplinary work I expect to uncover where key Wnt signalling steps occur, which proteins are involved, how they direct protein complex assembly, trafficking and turnover and how these events control transmission of the Wnt signal. Mechanistic insight in how Wnt signals are transmitted is vital to understand how pathway specificity and sensitivity is controlled. Basic insight in these processes will be of utmost importance for the design of strategies to interfere with Wnt signalling in cancer.
Wnt proteins dictate critical cell growth and lineage decisions during development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of Wnt signalling is a frequent cause of cancer. The earliest events that occur after Wnts bind their receptors at the cell surface, such as receptor endocytosis and recruitment of cytoplasmic effectors, are decisive for downstream gene activation but the underlying mechanisms by which these events process and tune the Wnt signal remain poorly understood. The key objective of this proposal is to resolve critical molecular events that drive initiation of the Wnt cascade by focusing on two central questions: How does protein trafficking control Wnt signalling initiation? What molecular mechanisms underlie Wnt-induced formation and activation of multiprotein complexes? I will take a unique approach combining advanced live cell imaging and high resolution immuno-electron microscopy with sophisticated peptide chemistry, gene silencing and biochemistry to dissect early Wnt signalling events at the level of isolated molecules, in cultured cells and in complex tissues of living animals. With the proposed interdisciplinary work I expect to uncover where key Wnt signalling steps occur, which proteins are involved, how they direct protein complex assembly, trafficking and turnover and how these events control transmission of the Wnt signal. Mechanistic insight in how Wnt signals are transmitted is vital to understand how pathway specificity and sensitivity is controlled. Basic insight in these processes will be of utmost importance for the design of strategies to interfere with Wnt signalling in cancer.
Project acronym MEDEA
Project Mechanisms of Epigenetic regulation in Development, Evolution and Adaptation
Researcher (PI) Ulrich Grossniklaus
Summary Over the last decade epigenetic gene regulation has become a major focus of scientific research as it was shown to play an important role in normal plant and animal development, but also in the ontogeny of human disease. A role of epigenetic processes in evolution, however, has found little general support to date. The goal of this project is to understand the complex interplay of epigenetic mechanisms in plant development and evolution. Many of the approaches we use rely on the recent advances in sequencing technologies, which allow the analysis of molecular characters at an unprecedented level and speed. To achieve our goal, we will focus on two epigenetic paradigms. In Program A, we will focus on dissecting the mechanisms of genomic imprinting at the MEDEA (MEA) locus in Arabidopsis, which we will investigate using genetic, molecular, and innovative biochemical approaches to gain a comprehensive picture of the complex interplay of various epigenetic pathways. In program B, we will analyze the role of epigenetic change in adaptation and evolution using (i) an experimental selection approach in Arabidopsis, where genome-wide analyses of epigenetic modifications have become possible, and (ii) a stable, heritable, epigenetic change occurring in Mimulus populations. In this system, an epigenetic switch of the pollinator syndrome leads to reproductive isolation and, therefore, has an effect on population structure and thus the evolutionary trajectory. These experimental systems each offer unique opportunities to shed light onto the underlying mechanisms controlling epigenetic states. In combination with the new methodologies used, these analyses promise to provide step change in our understanding of epigenetic processes at the level of genes, organisms, and populations.
Over the last decade epigenetic gene regulation has become a major focus of scientific research as it was shown to play an important role in normal plant and animal development, but also in the ontogeny of human disease. A role of epigenetic processes in evolution, however, has found little general support to date. The goal of this project is to understand the complex interplay of epigenetic mechanisms in plant development and evolution. Many of the approaches we use rely on the recent advances in sequencing technologies, which allow the analysis of molecular characters at an unprecedented level and speed. To achieve our goal, we will focus on two epigenetic paradigms. In Program A, we will focus on dissecting the mechanisms of genomic imprinting at the MEDEA (MEA) locus in Arabidopsis, which we will investigate using genetic, molecular, and innovative biochemical approaches to gain a comprehensive picture of the complex interplay of various epigenetic pathways. In program B, we will analyze the role of epigenetic change in adaptation and evolution using (i) an experimental selection approach in Arabidopsis, where genome-wide analyses of epigenetic modifications have become possible, and (ii) a stable, heritable, epigenetic change occurring in Mimulus populations. In this system, an epigenetic switch of the pollinator syndrome leads to reproductive isolation and, therefore, has an effect on population structure and thus the evolutionary trajectory. These experimental systems each offer unique opportunities to shed light onto the underlying mechanisms controlling epigenetic states. In combination with the new methodologies used, these analyses promise to provide step change in our understanding of epigenetic processes at the level of genes, organisms, and populations.
Project acronym MEMO-B
Project The B cell memory program: cell fate determinants and functional diversity of B cell subsets
Researcher (PI) Jean-Claude Weill
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE
Summary B cells are responsible for the humoral arm of the immune response and most successful vaccines in humans are antibody-based. Depending on the pathogen, specific B cell subsets are mobilized and a variety of innate, intermediate or adaptive responses are produced. In some cases these responses generate memory in anticipation of a re-encounter with the same pathogen. B cells can also present antigens to T cells, and enhance or suppress immune responses, depending in which T cell context they are primed. The present project aims to describe new innate-like and memory B cell subsets and to unravel the molecular switch allowing the differentiation and the long-term maintenance into the memory program. This will be done by combining approaches in both humans and mice, in order to reveal the analogies and the differences between these two immune systems. Our main specific aims are 1) to establish a reporter cell line that, by complementation with a cDNA library from human centrocytes and memory B cells, should allow the identification of a master gene able to trigger the memory program 2) to compare various antigenic and endogenous stimuli in terms of formation of various innate-like and memory subsets, using a mouse model that, by marking irreversibly B cells during an immune response, has allowed us to reveal new layers of B-cell memory 3) to study the endogenous and exogenous signals that support the development of marginal zone B cells in humans 4) to unravel the genes that govern long-term B cell memory, by isolating anti-vaccinia virus long-lived human memory B cells. The general ambition is to provide new insights into the complexity of the B cell compartment that should allow the improvement of B-cell targeted vaccination strategies.
B cells are responsible for the humoral arm of the immune response and most successful vaccines in humans are antibody-based. Depending on the pathogen, specific B cell subsets are mobilized and a variety of innate, intermediate or adaptive responses are produced. In some cases these responses generate memory in anticipation of a re-encounter with the same pathogen. B cells can also present antigens to T cells, and enhance or suppress immune responses, depending in which T cell context they are primed. The present project aims to describe new innate-like and memory B cell subsets and to unravel the molecular switch allowing the differentiation and the long-term maintenance into the memory program. This will be done by combining approaches in both humans and mice, in order to reveal the analogies and the differences between these two immune systems. Our main specific aims are 1) to establish a reporter cell line that, by complementation with a cDNA library from human centrocytes and memory B cells, should allow the identification of a master gene able to trigger the memory program 2) to compare various antigenic and endogenous stimuli in terms of formation of various innate-like and memory subsets, using a mouse model that, by marking irreversibly B cells during an immune response, has allowed us to reveal new layers of B-cell memory 3) to study the endogenous and exogenous signals that support the development of marginal zone B cells in humans 4) to unravel the genes that govern long-term B cell memory, by isolating anti-vaccinia virus long-lived human memory B cells. The general ambition is to provide new insights into the complexity of the B cell compartment that should allow the improvement of B-cell targeted vaccination strategies.
Project acronym METABOLOMIRS
Project Elucidation of MicroRNAs as Regulators of Metabolism and Targets for Therapeutic Intervention
Researcher (PI) Markus Stoffel
Summary Small RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is a recent addition to fundamental gene regulatory mechanisms that directly or indirectly affect possibly every gene of a eukaryotic genome. The predominant sources of small RNA in somatic tissues are microRNA genes that encode short dsRNA hairpins of evolutionary conserved sequence. Disorders of metabolism, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are poorly understood at a molecular level. In this application we propose to explore if miRNA regulatory networks play a role in these diseases. We will employ state of the art methods for identification of small RNAs and their regulated targets and use biochemical, cell and animal model systems to study the detailed molecular mechanisms of metabolic gene regulation by miRNAs. In addition, we will investigate the underlying principles of how RNAs are taken up by cells and develop methods that will improve delivery of miRNA mimetics or inhibitors through cell-specific uptake. The specific aims of this study are: Aim 1: To define the small regulatory miRNA content of liver, muscle and adipose tissue that are associated with abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis and to dissect the underlying molecular pathways that govern their expression. Aim 2: To characterize the functions of miRNAs in insulin resistance, glucose uptake and production, fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. Aim 3: To identify factors and dissect the pathways that regulate RNA uptake by cells and to develop novel pharmacological treatment strategies to manipulate miRNA-expression. Together, this proposal will shed light on the function that miRNA regulatory networks play in metabolism and in the pathophysiology of obesity/type 2 diabetes. In addition, these studies will contribute to the development of new RNA delivery technologies that are urgently needed as experimental tools as well as for novel therapeutic strategies.
Small RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is a recent addition to fundamental gene regulatory mechanisms that directly or indirectly affect possibly every gene of a eukaryotic genome. The predominant sources of small RNA in somatic tissues are microRNA genes that encode short dsRNA hairpins of evolutionary conserved sequence. Disorders of metabolism, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are poorly understood at a molecular level. In this application we propose to explore if miRNA regulatory networks play a role in these diseases. We will employ state of the art methods for identification of small RNAs and their regulated targets and use biochemical, cell and animal model systems to study the detailed molecular mechanisms of metabolic gene regulation by miRNAs. In addition, we will investigate the underlying principles of how RNAs are taken up by cells and develop methods that will improve delivery of miRNA mimetics or inhibitors through cell-specific uptake. The specific aims of this study are: Aim 1: To define the small regulatory miRNA content of liver, muscle and adipose tissue that are associated with abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis and to dissect the underlying molecular pathways that govern their expression. Aim 2: To characterize the functions of miRNAs in insulin resistance, glucose uptake and production, fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. Aim 3: To identify factors and dissect the pathways that regulate RNA uptake by cells and to develop novel pharmacological treatment strategies to manipulate miRNA-expression. Together, this proposal will shed light on the function that miRNA regulatory networks play in metabolism and in the pathophysiology of obesity/type 2 diabetes. In addition, these studies will contribute to the development of new RNA delivery technologies that are urgently needed as experimental tools as well as for novel therapeutic strategies.
Project acronym MHC CLASS II-OMICS
Project Towards understanding and manipulation of MHC class II antigen presentation
Researcher (PI) Jacobus Jozef Cornelis Neefjes
Summary MHC class II molecules are crucial for specific immune responses. In a complicated series of cell biological events, they catch a peptide in the endosomal route for presentation at the plasma membrane to the immune system. At present some 20 factors have been identified as involved in the process of MHC class II antigen presentation that are potential targets for manipulating these responses as MHC class II molecules are involved in most auto-immune diseases. Defining further targets for manipulating MHC class II responses would have implications for various disease states when these can be inhibited by chemical compounds or biologicals. We have performed a genome-wide FACS-based siRNA screen for molecules affecting MHC class II expression and peptide loading. After 100.000 individual 2-color FACS analyses, we identified 276 proteins that can be functionally sub-clustered for expression and for cell biological effects. We now propose to study the cell biology of these 276 hits to elucidate the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of MHC class II antigen presentation (the MHC class II-ome). As a first step, the 276 hits are sub-clustered for effects on MHC class II transcription or cell biology. These sub-clusters may correspond to networks. We propose to validate and extend these networks by experiments by a team of scientists concentrating on the various aspects of the cell biology of MHC class II antigen presentation. A parallel chemical compound screen will be performed to identify compounds affecting MHC class II antigen presentation. By cross-correlating the biological phenotypes of compounds with those of siRNA silencing, novel target-lead combinations will be defined by reciprocal chemical genetics. Our experiments should result in a global understanding of MHC class II antigen presentation. In addition, it should reveal target-lead combinations for manipulation of MHC class II antigen presentation in infection, auto-immune disease and transplantation.
MHC class II molecules are crucial for specific immune responses. In a complicated series of cell biological events, they catch a peptide in the endosomal route for presentation at the plasma membrane to the immune system. At present some 20 factors have been identified as involved in the process of MHC class II antigen presentation that are potential targets for manipulating these responses as MHC class II molecules are involved in most auto-immune diseases. Defining further targets for manipulating MHC class II responses would have implications for various disease states when these can be inhibited by chemical compounds or biologicals. We have performed a genome-wide FACS-based siRNA screen for molecules affecting MHC class II expression and peptide loading. After 100.000 individual 2-color FACS analyses, we identified 276 proteins that can be functionally sub-clustered for expression and for cell biological effects. We now propose to study the cell biology of these 276 hits to elucidate the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of MHC class II antigen presentation (the MHC class II-ome). As a first step, the 276 hits are sub-clustered for effects on MHC class II transcription or cell biology. These sub-clusters may correspond to networks. We propose to validate and extend these networks by experiments by a team of scientists concentrating on the various aspects of the cell biology of MHC class II antigen presentation. A parallel chemical compound screen will be performed to identify compounds affecting MHC class II antigen presentation. By cross-correlating the biological phenotypes of compounds with those of siRNA silencing, novel target-lead combinations will be defined by reciprocal chemical genetics. Our experiments should result in a global understanding of MHC class II antigen presentation. In addition, it should reveal target-lead combinations for manipulation of MHC class II antigen presentation in infection, auto-immune disease and transplantation.
Project acronym MICRONANO
Project Modeling Brain Circuitry using Scales Ranging from Micrometer to Nanometer
Researcher (PI) Pascal Fua
Host Institution (HI) ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE
Summary If we are ever to unravel the mysteries of brain function at its most fundamental level, we will need a precise understanding of how its component neurons connect to each other. Furthermore, given the many recent advances in genetic engineering, viral targeting, and immunohistochemical labeling of specific cellular structures, there is a growing need for automated quantitative assessment of neuron morphology and connectivity. Electron microscopes can now provide the nanometer resolution that is needed to image synapses, and therefore connections, while Light Microscopes see at the micrometer resolution required to model the 3D structure of the dendritic network. Since both the arborescence and the connections are integral parts of the brain's wiring diagram, combining these two modalities is critically important. In fact, these microscopes now routinely produce high-resolution imagery in such large quantities that the bottleneck becomes automated processing and interpretation, which is needed for such data to be exploited to its full potential. We will therefore use our Computer Vision expertise to provide not only the necessary tools to process images acquired using a specific modality but also those required to create an integrated representation using all available modalities. This is a radical departure from earlier approaches to applying Computer Vision techniques in this field, which have tended to focus on narrow problems. State-of-the-art methods have not reached the level of reliability and integration that would allow automated processing and interpretation of the massive amounts of data that are required for a true leap of our understanding of how the brain works. In other words, we cannot yet exploit the full potential of our imaging technology and that is what we intend to change.
If we are ever to unravel the mysteries of brain function at its most fundamental level, we will need a precise understanding of how its component neurons connect to each other. Furthermore, given the many recent advances in genetic engineering, viral targeting, and immunohistochemical labeling of specific cellular structures, there is a growing need for automated quantitative assessment of neuron morphology and connectivity. Electron microscopes can now provide the nanometer resolution that is needed to image synapses, and therefore connections, while Light Microscopes see at the micrometer resolution required to model the 3D structure of the dendritic network. Since both the arborescence and the connections are integral parts of the brain's wiring diagram, combining these two modalities is critically important. In fact, these microscopes now routinely produce high-resolution imagery in such large quantities that the bottleneck becomes automated processing and interpretation, which is needed for such data to be exploited to its full potential. We will therefore use our Computer Vision expertise to provide not only the necessary tools to process images acquired using a specific modality but also those required to create an integrated representation using all available modalities. This is a radical departure from earlier approaches to applying Computer Vision techniques in this field, which have tended to focus on narrow problems. State-of-the-art methods have not reached the level of reliability and integration that would allow automated processing and interpretation of the massive amounts of data that are required for a true leap of our understanding of how the brain works. In other words, we cannot yet exploit the full potential of our imaging technology and that is what we intend to change.
Project acronym MICRONANOTELEHAPTICS
Project Micro/Nano Exploration, Manipulation and Assembly: Telehaptics and Virtual Reality System Development and Investigation of Biomechanics and Neuroscience of Touch
Researcher (PI) Mandayam Anandanpillai Srinivasan
Summary The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop robot mediated human interface technologies to manually explore, manipulate and assemble progressively smaller objects ranging from micro- to nano-meter scales and a secondary objective is to demonstrate the power of the interface system in the investigation of the fundamental mechanics and neural mechanisms of touch. The proposed system will consist of a master-slave robotic teleoperation (TO) subsystem and a virtual reality (VR) subsystem. The master robot will enable the user to touch, feel and manipulate (1) real micro/nano structures through the slave robot or (2) computer models of micro/nano structures in the virtual reality environment. Specific aims of this effort are as follows: (1) design and develop a custom master system to enable the user to have real-time visual, auditory, and bimanual haptic interactions; (2) design and develop a slave system consisting of microscopes and manipulators progressively augmented to enable micro to nano-precision movements and forces; (3) develop modular software architecture with device abstraction to support multiple master and slave devices; (4) integrate virtual reality software to enable the user to have real-time visual, auditory, and bimanual interactions with virtual models at micro- to nano-meter scales based on empirical data or to test hypotheses; (5) use the system to perform biomechanics and neurophysiology experiments at progressively micro- to nano-precision movements and forces; (6) develop mathematical models of mechanotransduction for quantitative understanding of touch mechanisms at multiple scales.
The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop robot mediated human interface technologies to manually explore, manipulate and assemble progressively smaller objects ranging from micro- to nano-meter scales and a secondary objective is to demonstrate the power of the interface system in the investigation of the fundamental mechanics and neural mechanisms of touch. The proposed system will consist of a master-slave robotic teleoperation (TO) subsystem and a virtual reality (VR) subsystem. The master robot will enable the user to touch, feel and manipulate (1) real micro/nano structures through the slave robot or (2) computer models of micro/nano structures in the virtual reality environment. Specific aims of this effort are as follows: (1) design and develop a custom master system to enable the user to have real-time visual, auditory, and bimanual haptic interactions; (2) design and develop a slave system consisting of microscopes and manipulators progressively augmented to enable micro to nano-precision movements and forces; (3) develop modular software architecture with device abstraction to support multiple master and slave devices; (4) integrate virtual reality software to enable the user to have real-time visual, auditory, and bimanual interactions with virtual models at micro- to nano-meter scales based on empirical data or to test hypotheses; (5) use the system to perform biomechanics and neurophysiology experiments at progressively micro- to nano-precision movements and forces; (6) develop mathematical models of mechanotransduction for quantitative understanding of touch mechanisms at multiple scales.
Project acronym MIGRANT
Project Mining Graphs and Networks: a Theory-based approach
Researcher (PI) Jan Ramon
Summary In this project we aim at formulating enhancing theoretical foundations for the emerging field of graph mining. Graph mining is the field concerned with extracting interesting patterns and knowledge from graph or network structured data, such as can be found in chemistry, bioinformatics, the world wide web, social networks etc. Recent work has shown that many standard data mining techniques can be extended to structured data and can yield interesting results, but also that when applied to complex real-world data, these standard techniques often become computationally intractable. In this project we aim at providing a better understanding of the complexity of the tasks considered in the field of graph mining, and at proposing techniques to better exploit the properties of the data. To this aim, we will bring together insights from the fields of data mining, graph theory, learning theory and different application fields, and add our own original contributions. Key features of the methodology include the ground-breaking integration of insights from graph theory in data mining and learning approaches, the development of efficient prototype algorithms, and the interdisciplinary collaboration with application domain experts to validate the practical value of the work, This potential impact of this project is significant, as it will be the first systematic study of the theory of graph mining, it will provide foundations on which later research can build further and it will have applications in the many domains with complex data.
In this project we aim at formulating enhancing theoretical foundations for the emerging field of graph mining. Graph mining is the field concerned with extracting interesting patterns and knowledge from graph or network structured data, such as can be found in chemistry, bioinformatics, the world wide web, social networks etc. Recent work has shown that many standard data mining techniques can be extended to structured data and can yield interesting results, but also that when applied to complex real-world data, these standard techniques often become computationally intractable. In this project we aim at providing a better understanding of the complexity of the tasks considered in the field of graph mining, and at proposing techniques to better exploit the properties of the data. To this aim, we will bring together insights from the fields of data mining, graph theory, learning theory and different application fields, and add our own original contributions. Key features of the methodology include the ground-breaking integration of insights from graph theory in data mining and learning approaches, the development of efficient prototype algorithms, and the interdisciplinary collaboration with application domain experts to validate the practical value of the work, This potential impact of this project is significant, as it will be the first systematic study of the theory of graph mining, it will provide foundations on which later research can build further and it will have applications in the many domains with complex data.
Project acronym MINDTRAVEL
Project Travels of the Mind: Modes of brain functioning in complex dynamic environments
Researcher (PI) Emiliano Macaluso
Host Institution (HI) FONDAZIONE SANTA LUCIA
Summary Subjective everyday experience entails a well-structured and continuous flow of sensory signals, actions, thoughts and emotions. How does the brain build such a coherent representation of space and time despite the vast amount and confusing nature of the input? Furthermore, what are the physiological constraints preventing simultaneous awareness of multiple spatial and temporal instances? Here I propose a novel approach ("brain modes") to investigate these issues within life-like experimental settings. I will investigate how the brain selects and integrates relevant information using complex dynamic environments that includes space, time and multisensorial inputs. Combining model-free and model-driven analyses of functional imaging data I will examine: 1. How signals in different sensory modalities and same/different locations interact in complex environments; 2. How contextual information influences memory encoding and retrieval and the ability to integrate current sensory signals with events in the past. 3. How prospective goals and expectancies arising from the temporal dynamic of the context influence on-line processing. My expectation is that the results will reveal novel mechanisms underlying the ability to organise information in an orderly manner, on a time-line spanning the past, the present and the future; and how we can direct our thoughts along this time-line. My investigation will provide new evidence on the capacity limitations of this selection process and how integration and competition interact to form a representation of the external world that evolves as a coherent flow through space and time. Potential practical implications are foreseen for the design of brain-machine interfaces and for understanding the abnormal perceptions of mental illness.
Subjective everyday experience entails a well-structured and continuous flow of sensory signals, actions, thoughts and emotions. How does the brain build such a coherent representation of space and time despite the vast amount and confusing nature of the input? Furthermore, what are the physiological constraints preventing simultaneous awareness of multiple spatial and temporal instances? Here I propose a novel approach ("brain modes") to investigate these issues within life-like experimental settings. I will investigate how the brain selects and integrates relevant information using complex dynamic environments that includes space, time and multisensorial inputs. Combining model-free and model-driven analyses of functional imaging data I will examine: 1. How signals in different sensory modalities and same/different locations interact in complex environments; 2. How contextual information influences memory encoding and retrieval and the ability to integrate current sensory signals with events in the past. 3. How prospective goals and expectancies arising from the temporal dynamic of the context influence on-line processing. My expectation is that the results will reveal novel mechanisms underlying the ability to organise information in an orderly manner, on a time-line spanning the past, the present and the future; and how we can direct our thoughts along this time-line. My investigation will provide new evidence on the capacity limitations of this selection process and how integration and competition interact to form a representation of the external world that evolves as a coherent flow through space and time. Potential practical implications are foreseen for the design of brain-machine interfaces and for understanding the abnormal perceptions of mental illness.
Project acronym MINT
Project Multiphoton Ionization Nano-Therapy
Researcher (PI) Dvir Yelin
Host Institution (HI) TECHNION - ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Summary The application of nanotechnology for addressing key problems in clinical diagnosis and therapy holds great promise in medicine and in cancer in particular. Recent works have shown significant progress in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and therapy. In these applications, however, the small dimensions of the nanoparticles have been used primarily for efficient delivery and specificity, while the effects mediated by the nanoparticles occur away from the particle itself, affecting the entire cell\tumour volume. We propose to study and develop, for the first time, a novel scheme for cancer therapy that treats cancer cells at nanoscale resolutions. Briefly, when noble-metal nanoparticles are illuminated with femtosecond laser pulses tuned to their plasmonic resonance, order-of-magnitude enhancements of the optical fields several nanometres away from their surfaces lead to local damage only to nearby molecules or cellular organelles. This process, which practically involves no toxic agents, is at the basis for this proposal; we will utilize techniques for targeting nanoparticles to cells, initiate and control cancer cell destruction using nanoparticles and femtosecond laser pulses, and develop technology for conducting image-guided minimally invasive cancer therapy in remote locations of the body. Preliminary results supporting the proposed scheme include nonlinear optical imaging and ablation of living cells, in vivo endoscopic imaging of cancerous tumour nodules, and computer simulations of light-nanoparticle interactions. Using state-of-the-art concepts in nanotechnology, biology, chemistry, and medicine, the proposed novel multidisciplinary research will attempt at offering a feasible and safe addition to existing forms of cancer therapy.
The application of nanotechnology for addressing key problems in clinical diagnosis and therapy holds great promise in medicine and in cancer in particular. Recent works have shown significant progress in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and therapy. In these applications, however, the small dimensions of the nanoparticles have been used primarily for efficient delivery and specificity, while the effects mediated by the nanoparticles occur away from the particle itself, affecting the entire cell\tumour volume. We propose to study and develop, for the first time, a novel scheme for cancer therapy that treats cancer cells at nanoscale resolutions. Briefly, when noble-metal nanoparticles are illuminated with femtosecond laser pulses tuned to their plasmonic resonance, order-of-magnitude enhancements of the optical fields several nanometres away from their surfaces lead to local damage only to nearby molecules or cellular organelles. This process, which practically involves no toxic agents, is at the basis for this proposal; we will utilize techniques for targeting nanoparticles to cells, initiate and control cancer cell destruction using nanoparticles and femtosecond laser pulses, and develop technology for conducting image-guided minimally invasive cancer therapy in remote locations of the body. Preliminary results supporting the proposed scheme include nonlinear optical imaging and ablation of living cells, in vivo endoscopic imaging of cancerous tumour nodules, and computer simulations of light-nanoparticle interactions. Using state-of-the-art concepts in nanotechnology, biology, chemistry, and medicine, the proposed novel multidisciplinary research will attempt at offering a feasible and safe addition to existing forms of cancer therapy.
Project acronym MIRTURN
Project Mechanisms of microRNA biogenesis and turnover
Researcher (PI) Helge Grosshans
Host Institution (HI) FRIEDRICH MIESCHER INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH FONDATION
Summary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of genes, accounting for >1% of genes in a typical animal genome. They constitute an important layer of gene regulation that affects diverse processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Despite such critical roles, deciphering the mechanism of action of miRNAs has been difficult, leading to multiple, partially contradictory, models of miRNA activity. Moreover, adding an additional layer of complexity, it is now emerging that miRNA activity is regulated by various mechanisms that we are only beginning to identify. Our objective is to understand how miRNAs are regulated under physiological conditions, in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. We will focus on pathways of miRNA turnover, an issue of fundamental importance that has received little attention because miRNAs are widely held to be highly stable molecules. However, miRNA over-accumulation causes aberrant development and disease, prompting us to test rigorously whether degradation can antagonize miRNA activity and either identify the machinery involved, or confirm the dominance of other regulatory modalities, whose components we will identify. C. elegans is the organism in which miRNAs and many components of the miRNA machinery were discovered. However, previous studies emphasized genetics and cell biology approaches, limiting the degree of mechanistic insight that could be obtained. In addition to exploiting the traditional strengths of C. elegans, we will therefore develop and apply biochemical and genomic techniques to obtain a comprehensive understanding of miRNA regulation, enabling us to demonstrate both molecular mechanisms and physiological relevance. Given the importance of miRNAs in development and disease, identifying the regulators of these tiny gene regulators will be both of scientific interest and biomedical relevance.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of genes, accounting for >1% of genes in a typical animal genome. They constitute an important layer of gene regulation that affects diverse processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Despite such critical roles, deciphering the mechanism of action of miRNAs has been difficult, leading to multiple, partially contradictory, models of miRNA activity. Moreover, adding an additional layer of complexity, it is now emerging that miRNA activity is regulated by various mechanisms that we are only beginning to identify. Our objective is to understand how miRNAs are regulated under physiological conditions, in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. We will focus on pathways of miRNA turnover, an issue of fundamental importance that has received little attention because miRNAs are widely held to be highly stable molecules. However, miRNA over-accumulation causes aberrant development and disease, prompting us to test rigorously whether degradation can antagonize miRNA activity and either identify the machinery involved, or confirm the dominance of other regulatory modalities, whose components we will identify. C. elegans is the organism in which miRNAs and many components of the miRNA machinery were discovered. However, previous studies emphasized genetics and cell biology approaches, limiting the degree of mechanistic insight that could be obtained. In addition to exploiting the traditional strengths of C. elegans, we will therefore develop and apply biochemical and genomic techniques to obtain a comprehensive understanding of miRNA regulation, enabling us to demonstrate both molecular mechanisms and physiological relevance. Given the importance of miRNAs in development and disease, identifying the regulators of these tiny gene regulators will be both of scientific interest and biomedical relevance.
Project acronym MOFDH
Project Molecular origin and function of dynamic heterogeneities in mouse ES cells and pre-implantation embryos
Researcher (PI) Alfonso Martinez Arias
Summary The mechanisms powering the transition from one cell state to another are the central engine of embryonic development. Genetic analysis over the last twenty years has provided us with a catalogue of genes and proteins that can be linked in linear and time dependent manners to specific states and transitions in this process. However this picture, characterized by complex charts of univocal relationships between different genes, is static and rigid and contrasts with the plasticity displayed by cells in many processes, in particular during repair and regeneration. The early mammalian embryo and the closely related ES cells provide extreme examples of this in the form of toti- and pluri-potency i.e. the maintenance of an open uncommitted state from which all cell types emerge. Understanding the molecular basis of these uncommitted states and the way they are established and regulated will not only provide a deeper insight into the operation of biological systems but will also new targets for regulation and therapies. This project revolves around the hypothesis that the plasticity displayed by cells in developmental and regulative processes is associated with dynamical cellular heterogeneities generated by transcriptional noise: phenotypic variability in genetically identical cells that arises from stochastic fluctuations during transcription and translation. Specifically I propose to provide measurements and analysis of gene expression noise in mammalian cells, its origin, regulation and use using ES cells and early mouse embryos as experimental systems.
The mechanisms powering the transition from one cell state to another are the central engine of embryonic development. Genetic analysis over the last twenty years has provided us with a catalogue of genes and proteins that can be linked in linear and time dependent manners to specific states and transitions in this process. However this picture, characterized by complex charts of univocal relationships between different genes, is static and rigid and contrasts with the plasticity displayed by cells in many processes, in particular during repair and regeneration. The early mammalian embryo and the closely related ES cells provide extreme examples of this in the form of toti- and pluri-potency i.e. the maintenance of an open uncommitted state from which all cell types emerge. Understanding the molecular basis of these uncommitted states and the way they are established and regulated will not only provide a deeper insight into the operation of biological systems but will also new targets for regulation and therapies. This project revolves around the hypothesis that the plasticity displayed by cells in developmental and regulative processes is associated with dynamical cellular heterogeneities generated by transcriptional noise: phenotypic variability in genetically identical cells that arises from stochastic fluctuations during transcription and translation. Specifically I propose to provide measurements and analysis of gene expression noise in mammalian cells, its origin, regulation and use using ES cells and early mouse embryos as experimental systems.
Project acronym MORPHOSTASIS
Project Morphostasis of the intestinal mucosa and it's deregulation in cancer and inflammation
Researcher (PI) Gijs Van Den Brink
Host Institution (HI) ACADEMISCH MEDISCH CENTRUM BIJ DE UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM
Summary Stem cells at the base of the intestinal crypts are in a dynamic equilibrium with their differentiated derivatives. Homeostatic equilibria depend on the presence of negative feedback loops. The role of the Wnt signaling pathway as a driver of epithelial stem cell self renewal and proliferation in the intestine has been relatively well characterized. Much less is known about the negative feedback signals that must exist to control stem cell behavior and the way these may be deregulated in disease. We found that Indian hedgehog is secreted by differentiated intestinal epithelial cells and acts as a negative feedback signal. Hedgehog signaling acts as a break on Wnt signaling in intestinal precursor cells via a secondary signal in the mesenchyme. We will use conditional mutant mice, our large biobank of patient materials and in vitro experiments to further characterize the signals involved in this feedback loop. Our objective is to study the role of this epithelial mesenchymal signaling circuit in the normal intestine and examine the way it is deregulated in intestinal cancer development and inflammation.
Stem cells at the base of the intestinal crypts are in a dynamic equilibrium with their differentiated derivatives. Homeostatic equilibria depend on the presence of negative feedback loops. The role of the Wnt signaling pathway as a driver of epithelial stem cell self renewal and proliferation in the intestine has been relatively well characterized. Much less is known about the negative feedback signals that must exist to control stem cell behavior and the way these may be deregulated in disease. We found that Indian hedgehog is secreted by differentiated intestinal epithelial cells and acts as a negative feedback signal. Hedgehog signaling acts as a break on Wnt signaling in intestinal precursor cells via a secondary signal in the mesenchyme. We will use conditional mutant mice, our large biobank of patient materials and in vitro experiments to further characterize the signals involved in this feedback loop. Our objective is to study the role of this epithelial mesenchymal signaling circuit in the normal intestine and examine the way it is deregulated in intestinal cancer development and inflammation.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3115
|
__label__cc
| 0.635433
| 0.364567
|
Jump to: Board index » General » Cinematography
Cinema: HFR movies
The place for questions about shooting with Blackmagic Cameras.
Chris Shivers
What do yall think about movies being shot at high framerates. I heard the new Will Smith movie (not aladin) will be shot at 120fps and paramount trying to make movie theater show it at 120. I personally dont like the idea of a movie being shown at HFR, they are specifically made for slow motion. I can see if you want to do a certain effect that's fine in my book, but you're shooting HFR just to shoot it then I dont like that.
Re: Cinema: HFR movies
When the Hobbit came to my country I even went to our state capital to see it in HFR, I was just curious.
It didn't really look like a movie. The whole time I had the impression of watching a bunch of actors on a stage behind a well cleaned window.
Robert Niessner
Location: Graz, Austria
I've read that for the movie "Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk" Ang Lee shot in 4k 3D at 120p and that this resulted for them into a totally different feeling when watching that version.
LAUFBILDkommission
Graz / Austria
Blackmagic Camera Blog (German):
http://laufbildkommission.wordpress.com
Read the blog in English via Google Translate:
http://tinyurl.com/pjf6a3m
timbutt2
Gemini Man is the movie you're talking about coming out later this year shot in 3D at 120 fps. I saw dailies in the 3D 120 fps projected when I was invited to the set. I can't say too much at this time due to NDA. However, I will say I was very impressed.
One show that used HFR to great effect was the second season of Video Game High School. I don't know if you can still see the show in the format anymore, but they did it where all the real world scenes were 24 fps and all the "video game world" scenes were 48 fps. It actually helped with distinguishing a difference in the worlds.
Otherwise, The Hobbit is about it at the moment. I didn't have a problem with HFR on the movies. I think it could have gone further to 60 fps instead of 48 fps. 48 fps isn't enough of a jump. 60 fixes a lot of the issues.
As for any other movies doing HFR I think James Cameron is still doing it for the Avatar sequels. We'll have to wait and see because those movies keep having their release dates pushed back.
"I'm well trained in the art of turning **** to gold." - Tim Buttner (timbutt2)
Cameras: URSA Mini Pro G2, Pocket 6K, & Cinema Camera 2.5K EF
Computers: iMac 5K (Mid 2020) & MacBook Pro Retina 15.4in (Mid 2018)
Oyvind Fiksdal
HFR seem to work quite good with heavy FX scene, to make it more believable. Am all in for variable frame rate rather choose one for the whole movie. Imo, 48+ frame becomes a bit of a problem with dramatic emotional scenes where the actors can’t deliver 100%. It makes it almost cheesy and embarrassing. The line gets thinner the further you up the frame rate, it’s almost equal to 4K+ being unforgiving on an actors makeup. This is all subjective of course. HFR is just another tool that must be used in the right moment IMO.
Yes, I belive you are into something Naveed.
The “real” effect HFR contributes, is quite powerful. That combined with 4k and 3d. Life of Pi is a great example indeed, even though I have never heard they used HFR it in that particular movie. But using it as an example. Scenes where the tiger is moving towards you, the camera, would feel much more threatening with HFR. Everything becomes more “alive”. That is great use of HFR in my opinion. Problem is, there’s a thin line of braking the movie magic by using HFR extensively for a whole movie. That was quite obvious with the HFR Hobbit version. The soap opera effect makes a movie cheap in many ways and brake the magic when watching a fairytale. I believe most moviegoers wants to get entertained and brought out of real life, forget daily routines. The notion, this is real and that is not, is something to consider when using HFR.
grebefrux
Real Name: Tom Chabbat
To me, it seems like a big waste of money and energy... In 3d, they should have 240 4k images per second (at least, I don't know if they're not shooting in higher resolutions...), so in RAW their rushes should weigh something like 2 to 3 GB/s... I can't begin to think what in means in term of necessary hardware to treat this kind of workflow to have an acceptable rendering time (they may have at least a 20K$ budget just for drives !). All this for just an "unreal" look ? They would already have it at 48fps, or with just a creative color grading.
People are already tired of 3D anyway, and we all have the backlash of "The Hobbit" in mind for HFR. As Australian Image said, quality in a movie is elsewhere than these over the top hi-tech gimmicks.
Pocket Cinema Camera 4K
Resolve 15.3.1
Mac Pro mid 2010, macOS 10.12.6, Quad Core Intel Xeon, Radeon RX 580, 250 & 540Gb SATA SSD drives
grebefrux wrote: To me, it seems like a big waste of money and energy... In 3d, they should have 240 4k images per second (at least, I don't know if they're not shooting in higher resolutions...), so in RAW their rushes should weigh something like 2 to 3 GB/s... I can't begin to think what in means in term of necessary hardware to treat this kind of workflow to have an acceptable rendering time (they may have at least a 20K$ budget just for drives !). All this for just an "unreal" look ? They would already have it at 48fps, or with just a creative color grading.
Let me challenge you thoughts for a minute.
From a creative perspective.. which this is all about really. Am I understanding this correctly, You can’t see ANY reason to use HFR from an artistic perspective? You basically said its all waste of time. I find it hard to believe you cant come up with one reason.
The technical aspect is an interesting topic indeed, but we need to be a tad more scientific rather than tossing random numbers or wild statements up in the air. Don’t you agree? Am all in for a technical debate.
Don’t leave the debate before entering buddy. We are all in it to gain more knowledge and become better artist.
Sorry but I really don't see any artistic advantage.
Again, I may be biased because, if I put television aside, the only cinematic experience I had with it was "The Hobbit". And when I compare the 48fps 3D digital Hobbit with the "old school" 24fps 2D 35mm Lord of the Rings, well, the first one looks quite ugly to me.
Even when I look at television, I can get why when watching sports 50-60fps is better to catch fast action, but it still looks ugly to me, and it is immediately off-putting to see any fiction broadcasted this way.
More isn't always better. We used for decades a quite good compromise for recording images at 24-25fps that still can powerfully transmit emotions, and I don't see any sensible reason to depart from it. You said HFR helps make FX scenes more believable, and yet 24fps FX scenes, when well made and above all with good script writing, are already believable enough to me. When I watch LOTR, even on a small screen, I have no problem getting immersed. With the Hobbit, I had this problem. Remember Back to the Future ? No CGI then, yet I still can remember how it moved me as a child, and how few blockbusters now move me this way.
And 120fps really sounds insane. I'm not even sure I'd see any differences with 60fps, even with my trained eye...
Sorry again to talk numbers, but I really wonder the point of wasting 16 times more energy than a "classic" 2K 2D 24fps movie for something that, based on my personal experience, *might* look ugly.
Again, 3D is already falling again, Avengers broke all records and yet it was shot in 2D, I don't think big studios will see in the years to come the need to pay more for these gimmicks...
Just saw the trailers of the two Ang Lee films... yup, HFR is still ugly to me... Wo hu cang long was much more beautiful than those TV shows.
Okay, I'll weigh in a bit more here without going into any of the specifics about Gemini Man that would cause me to break my NDA. There are a few things that I've seen argued that I need to address.
1) Artistic Advantages: I pointed out above the creative choice with Video Game High School using variable frame rates. There are artistic and creative advantages to using HFR or VFR. This is subjective however, and thus arguing against it is always going to come down to preconceived notions that are not fact based. It's what feels right to the individual. But that can be said about any creative format. Stereo 3D can be very useful as an artistic format to enhance a story. There have been many great examples in the last decade since Avatar where 3D was used very well. Most people only know of The Hobbit for HFR.
2) Some technical: 48 FPS is what The Hobbit was shot at, which is double the normal 24 FPS base that has been used in cinema for a long time. This essentially cut in half the motion blur when shooting at 180° Shutter Angle. Cutting down motion blur can be very beneficial to Stereo 3D and 60 FPS cuts motion blur down by a bit more, which is very helpful. When The Hobbit used 48 FPS it wasn't quite enough to cut down all the motion blur, but they chose it as an easy compromise due to the amount of CGI Visual Effects that had to be rendered at that higher frame rate. The fact is that it was a budgetary choice that made them choose 48 FPS.
Now, I will talk briefly about Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk and Gemini Man a bit here to cover 120 FPS. It's the same 3D team serving Ang Lee in both of these movies, and the same team that has helped drive the HFR workflow. Billy Lynn was shot at 120 FPS because it was easily divisible to get 24 FPS. 60 FPS isn't as easily divisible. Billy Lynn was on a lower budget than The Hobbit, and didn't have as much VFX as The Hobbit, so they could push the frame rates. They shot on the Sony CineAlta F65 in 4K for Billy Lynn. Gemini Man however they shot ARRI Alexa Mini at 3.2K, and I think I can safely say this because it is on the IMDb. More details will be shared at a later date when my NDA doesn't prevent me from talking about what I learned about their camera system. Either way, I can tell you that they did adequately provide the right budget to handle the workflow for on set dailies on Gemini Man with a massive server room connected to the projection room via GigaBit Ethernet. I don't think that bit of info breaks my NDA. They had Petabytes of storage going as well. Again, I doubt that breaks NDA because most of this can be easily guessed. More details will be revealed later.
Now, with Gemini Man I learned that they were shooting at a 360° Shutter Angle on my set visit. The 120 FPS at 360° Shutter Angle made the footage have the same motion blur as shooting 60 FPS at 180° Shutter, but because they were shooting 120 FPS which caused less light to hit the sensor they needed the extra help from Shutter Angle. This is where it has been publicly said that 60 FPS is the most you really need to do for HFR since beyond it is almost indistinguishable to the human eye. But, because they need to deliver a 24 FPS version as well they need something that 24 FPS is easily divisible from and thus, that's why 120 FPS was settled upon. I will being publishing more on all these techs later when the movie is closer to release. It will be on MarketSaw.com a 3D Blog I've been a Collaborative Writer for several years.
So, I hope that helps get some understanding on some of the technical aspects of shooting 120 FPS. The main benefit for 3D is the motion blur being cut down. This is important with 3D because of some of the artifacts that are present in motion blur with 3D. It overall enhances the 3D image.
One additional technical note that is worth bringing up about HFR: it cuts down perceived noise. What?! Yes, if you shoot 1600 ISO and pause a single frame you'll see the noise. The noise is in the image, it may not be bad noise, but it's there. Yet, once you start playing the footage at 120 FPS you'll instantly notice you can't perceive the noise. It's there in the individual frames, but because of how fast the images are moving in front of your eyes the noise can't be seen as it blends into the image. This was demoed to me and I was very impressed. I would say try it out, but DaVinci Resolve doesn't allow 120 FPS Timelines at this time still. 60 FPS is the most you can have as a timeline I believe. Either way, it was a really cool example of how motion images trick our eyes and brains.
3) Stereoscopic 3D: I understand many people like to point out that 3D is falling again. There are a lot of political reasons inside Hollywood why 3D was bungled over the last decade. It comes to the Native VS Conversion argument. However, the Studio Executives wanted to spend less money and charge premium ticket prices... and thus chose Conversion often. Now, there's another side to this. The Conversion Companies also bid on the Studio Jobs with "Packages" that undercut what the Native Companies could offer. The Conversion Companies would let a Studio pay for a 5-Picture Deal. Native Companies required flexible budgets to work with what the production entailed, but since Conversion was all done in post then it was pretty much just a VFX bid. We all know how VFX companies are underbidding each other to get gigs and it's hurting the industry.
So with 3D the same underbidding hurt it. At the same time the 3D Conversion hurt the distribution because it came down to Real 3D versus Fake 3D for audiences. When they couldn't figure out why the 3D was worth it due to the movie being shot in 2D and then getting converted with nothing really being added except the surcharge at the box office it caused audiences to gravitate to 2D. Native movies did their best, and often audiences responded better to the native productions. However, there were frequently less native productions due to bidding war that I stated above.
Now on an artistic level I will say that I'm a big fan of well done Native 3D movies. I still want to make many of my movie ideas in Native 3D because I have specific creative choices for how to utilize Stereoscopic Images. It deserves to be seen as another tool in the filmmaker's toolbox. Not a gimmick, but a tool. Not something to tack on premium charges at the box office, but another way to enhance the audience's experience.
This has been a long post. I'm sorry for that. And, I wish I could go into more details with my knowledge about Gemini Man, but as I've stated I am under NDA. I hope I didn't break any of it here. But then again I only talked technical aspects and didn't go into very specific things that could get me in trouble. I think you will all be impressed when the movie comes out. As long as it gets a wide enough 3D HFR HDR release.
grebefrux wrote: Sorry but I really don't see any artistic advantage.
Again, I may be biased
But what is it to discuss? I want to see the benefits and solutions, you want to see problems and find all the reasons not to use a tool. I guess we differ that way.
If I convince myself, after walking my whole life, that I don’t see any benefits with a bike… not a shred. Would it be wise to tell a bunch of bikers that they wasted their time? Or would it be better trying to understand why they prefer bikes? Surly I would save a lot of time biking the same road I have been walking most of my life.
Tim, thanks for that great post. Truly appreciated. A lot of good insight and something to learn from.
Oyvind Fiksdal wrote: I want to see the benefits and solutions, you want to see problems and find all the reasons not to use a tool.
Believe me, I understand quite well the benefits. But every technical solution always have disadvantages too, and their success can a lot be based on which out-weights the other. One problem with heavily hi-tech based professions like ours is that we tend most of the time to only see advantages of everything new. So here, before we spend vast amounts of money and energy in such a power hungry tech, I wonder if it's really worth it.
Like the majority of audiences, I tried 3D when it was hot in the late 2000s (both native and not), and like them I wasn't impressed, and was even upset when some movies didn't have a 2D release. We quickly realized we didn't want to pay more for darker screens, uncomfortable glasses and headaches.
Nowadays, the vast majority of cinemas near me (Paris) have exactly zero 3D screening.
Since it first appeared in the late 19th century, stereoscopic images has always been a fun novelty people quickly get tired of. I really think we should let it go.
And am I really the only one thinking Gemini and Billy Lynn look bad ? Honestly, didn't Ang Lee's 35mm masterpieces looked way better ?
Tom, I can understand that you are sceptic when comparing VFR with 3d. I would to.
But don’t you believe they are quite different things? Think about the era where the industry landed on 24fps, it was a pure compromise between reasonable FPS and economy. Still, here we are. Loving it.
From what I understand, HFR are only used with 3D, so they are linked actually
24fps was actually a sound compromise : it was the lowest fps where optical sound was of sufficient quality when printed on film. Had we use magnetic tracks from the start, maybe we would have 18fps standard
But to me, the real problem of these two technologies, HFR and 3D, are purely in creative term : of all the technologies introduced to the cinema, like sound, color, CGI, digital capture and so on, 3D and HFR are the only ones that makes absolutely no change to the actual script while raising the budget by quite a lot. The story, the way the characters interact, the fictional world they're in won't change in any way wether the film is shot and seen in 3D and/or 120fps. And I think the audience can sense it. People like beautiful images or sound design if it's closely linked to the story. If we see something is just added up on top of the story with no relation whatsoever, we'll maybe get amazed by the novelty at first, but at long we'll just feel it as a distraction from what is the core interest of a movie : the story.
This might sound weird, I don't know if anyone feels the same, but I remember the 3D movies I've seen in 2D... The effect doesn't even last in my memory !
LazerKaboom
Real Name: Simon Kern
I'd like to chime in about the native 3D and "fake" 3D. Most 3D films fail because they are not good movies. Gemini man is sitting at a 26% critic score on rotten tomatoes. I got the chance to see it at 120 fps, 2k, 3D with a Q and A with Ang. He mentioned he's still very new to 3D and he feels he has a lot to learn and thanks for letting him experiment again. The movie Gravity was a great film, and many people thought the 3D was excellent, even though there were many errors in the conversion.
When you shoot native stereo for a VFX heavy film, that means all VFX studios now need to become experts in 3D, have 3D viewing equipment (review monitors and dailies), and be able to produce massive amount of data (a render for each eye). Most of these VFX companies can't handle this task and that's why you see way more documentaries in 3D being shot native, especially IMAX.
Post 3D conversion, or "fake" as you mentioned, allows the production teams to shoot the movies as they see fit, using any camera and lens that they want, shaking the camera as much as they want, and allowing the VFX companies to do what they do best, make amazing 2D shots, all while the 3D conversion companies can communicate what assets they need (clean plates, models, zdepths, lidar scans, etc).
Conversion companies can produce the same and even better 3D from native because they have complete control over the depth. You want it more shallow because you're using a specific lens, no problem. You want more volume in the muscles or detail in the characters, done. With native, whatever stereo you shoot, that's what you get. If you watch Gemini Man, you'll notice many of the shots are lacking internal volume. The stereographer, Demitri, did a great job, but there's only so much you can control with native. Even Avatar has conversion in it. It's a tool to help those that need it.
Dennis Sørensen
robedge
Real Name: Rob Edge
John Hess is good on this subject. Here’s his latest:
Image: Fujinon MK 18-55mm, Leica M primes, Pocket 4K
Sound: DPA & Schoeps mikes, Sound Devices recorder
Post Monitors: Eizo 27" UHD, Focal Solo6 Be
John Brawley
Location: Los Angeles California
LazerKaboom wrote: I'd like to chime in about the native 3D and "fake" 3D. Most 3D films fail because they are not good movies. Gemini man is sitting at a 26% critic score on rotten tomatoes.
Well then let's see...
So far I can count at least two oscar winning directors FAILING at making "good" HFR movies.
Has anyone made a "good HFR movie ? I wonder is it even possible ?
John Brawley ACS
Currently - Los Angeles
rick.lang
Location: Victoria BC Canada
Thanks for the link to John Hess. Very entertaining to have that perspective going back more than a century. And didn’t that early hand-coloured print look gorgeous!?
rick.lang wrote: Thanks for the link to John Hess. Very entertaining to have that perspective going back more than a century. And didn’t that early hand-coloured print look gorgeous!?
He knows what he’s talking about, and he can be quite entertaining about pretty technical stuff.
I was a champion of HFR. I visited the set of Gemini Man and sat in on dailies. It looked great, and technically was done incredibly well. However, I do agree with John Hess on a lot of his criticisms.
HFR 3D is definitely great for travel films. However, the wooden acting was abundantly obvious when watching in HFR. When I was doing the set visit and saw the dailies I never saw any scenes with Clive Own, which were some of the worst culprits of the very wooden acting. A lot that I saw looked great. But when not in the complete movie it is hard to judge because you're only in the moment of the dailies.
I still have hope for HFR 3D, and would love for experimentation to still happen. It's always worth exploring technological boundaries. Yet, I see how the argument about a "good HFR movie has yet to be made" can be stated when there are so few and most of them have had major story issues.
There's potential, but for narrative filmmaking we are sadly ingrained in 24 due to decades of it being the normal.
Think of how many movie-goers, including cineastes, prefer to watch from the back of the house, or sprawled in the balcony, when theaters still had balconies. This is not a group intent on deriving the excitements of virtual reality from cinema. Maybe a generation raised on cell phones will want the constant sensory stimulation of 3D and HFR, but for classic cinema -- it's a regression.
Peter Jackson seems to have given up on it, but Ang Lee is, despite the evidence, still a believer. Whether James Cameron changes anyone's mind remains to be seen.
But at least some of the audience will want the old experience: cinema is something you watch, not participate in glandularly. And that's assuming HFR hyperreality doesn't take audiences out of the experience altogether, the same way those old video "making of" pieces on DVDs revealed big budget movies to be what they actually are: preposterously contrived.
I'm guessing dreams resolve about 100 lines, on the order of pixelvision, and with frame rates in the single digits, and nobody ever complained they lack presence.
Last edited by John Paines on Sat Jan 11, 2020 4:42 pm, edited 2 times in total.
The first three years I had a BMD cinema camera I almost always used 29.97/30 fps because everything I did was viewed on television or computer. But I’ve gone the other direction in 2019 and only shoot 23.976/24 fps feeling very comfortable with the results. I feel the same about digital noise and seldom apply noise reduction unless it’s bad. Some noise is our equivalent of film grain. I’m only shooting close to people so there may be reasons for HFR and noise reduction when shooting sports and landscapes and so on including virtual reality and perhaps 3D.
But for general use, 24 fps and some noise are fine. Motion blur is especially fine unless you’re shooting sports. Of course 120/240 fps is better if your camera is used to determine if a tennis ball is in the court, but for dance, the opposite is true—your brain doesn’t see the blur in moving pictures, only when you look at a frame. Your brain sees the beauty and generates the pleasure of watching the recorded dance.
Going further in the other direction, when I shot film on the Bolex, there is a difference to the 24 fps we use normally in cinema. You can still have beautiful movement at 18 fps, but it’s close to the edge where the illusion of reality we have at 24 fps falls apart. I don’t know when that happens but I could experiment with off-speed I suppose and try 18, 16, 12 fps. I don’t think many viewers would prefer it. I’ll leave that to the visual perception scientists. I suspect 24/25 fps is a happy accident and there is good reason it is popular with an audience beyond the purely technical reasons it was adopted.
rick.lang wrote: Of course 120/240 fps is better if your camera is used to determine if a tennis ball is in the court, but for dance, the opposite is true—your brain doesn’t see the blur in moving pictures, only when you look at a frame. Your brain sees the beauty and generates the pleasure of watching the recorded dance.
Reading that, a question occurred to me, although it’s not the kind of dance film that you have in mind...
Had Norman McLaren/The National Film Board of Canada made Pas de deux today, do you think that he could/might have made use of HFR in making the film?
I suspect that McLaren would have had a lot of fun with current technology.
Wikipedia for those who aren’t familiar with Pas de deux: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pas_de_deux_(film)
The NFB has Pas de deux on its web site: https://www.nfb.ca/film/pas_de_deux_en/
It seems perfect, but I agree he would have done it differently, played with time, perhaps have played with colour. Interesting assignment to give to a film class.
Andrew Kolakowski
Chris Shivers wrote: What do yall think about movies being shot at high framerates. I heard the new Will Smith movie (not aladin) will be shot at 120fps and paramount trying to make movie theater show it at 120. I personally dont like the idea of a movie being shown at HFR, they are specifically made for slow motion. I can see if you want to do a certain effect that's fine in my book, but you're shooting HFR just to shoot it then I dont like that.
And do you know why we have 24fps? Purely due to costs savings on film. It was fist acceptable fsp which had enough motion to be called moving picture. Nothing that fancy.
24p on UHD LCDs is not pleasant to watch at all. Cinema is better, but they show it at 72Hz, so even there tricks are needed to make it more "pleasant".
How much artistic value is in 24p I'm not sure, but 1 is for sure- we got use to it.
Andrew Kolakowski wrote: And do you know why we have 24fps? Purely due to costs savings on film. It was fist acceptable fsp which had enough motion to be called moving picture.
Silent films ranged from 16-26fps, mostly 16-18, and and you can go lower than that and still maintain the illusion of continuous motion. Though even in the silent era, some filmmakers, like Buster Keaton, preferred frame rates above 24fps. The 24fps standard was more determined by the requirements of sound, and because the first manufacturer who came up with viable sound sync system had settled on 90 ft/minute.
Last edited by John Paines on Sat Jan 11, 2020 10:03 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Andrew Kolakowski wrote: And do you know why we have 24fps? Purely due to costs savings on film. It was fist acceptable fsp which had enough motion to be called moving picture. Nothing that fancy.
You might find it useful to watch John Hess’s “myth-busting” video, linked nine posts up from yours.
16fps is not a movie- it's a slide show
Yes, but why was it 24? Was it not related to again lowest achievable value?
Another way- show me facts from history proving that industry tested many fps (50+) and came up with 24fps as best choice mainly due to 'artistic values'. Never seen anything about it- 24p was simply a compromise mainly due to technology and costs restrictions.
Costs problems are present even today. When you ask VFX company to create effects for eg. 48 or 120fps movie they shake their head. I seen it in real life...
I don't mind 24p in cinema. Its compromised look creates this unreal effect which so many people want/like in movies. We got use to 24p look and now we take it as reference, but it could be eg. 25p as well. There is no real magic in number 24.
I more agree with this explanation:
https://www.filmindependent.org/blog/ha ... er-second/
and another one:
https://jwsoundgroup.net/index.php?/top ... come-from/
Mentioned video is just a "loads of talking about nothing"- typical for youtube.
Before sound cameras were hand cranked.
Most cameras exposed 8 or 9 frames per crank.
The idea was to do two cranks per second.
But it was well known that many would shoot scenes slower or fast depending on the content. There was no standard. It was only what was “roughly” shot by the individual camera person. There were apparently songs or ditties they sang to themselves to keep time.
Sound meant two things.
You needed a more constant and accurate camera speed. The camera couldn’t vary speed anymore at the whim of the operator. So what was once a standard that was variable now needed to be constant.
That would mean the camera has to become motorised (much bigger)
It also had to be silenced. At first they would put the camera into sound proofed little rooms, later adding baffles and blimps that made the cameras huge. So big, that you’ll notice basic camera moves like a dolly stopped for a few years during the early days of sound cinema.
Sound, being continuous also had a certain “bandwidth” requirement along with interlocking to the projector to stay in sync.
One really important thing that many fail to acknowledge and understand when the issue of frame rate and HFR comes up...
The display rate.
Does anyone think that shooting something at 24 frames per second means 24 frames per second are displayed ?
It’s much higher than that.
A film projector, typically has three blades. Each frame is actually “flashed” 3 times, and so....
The display rate is actually 72Hz. Not dissimilar to modern computer displays !
Same when you watch on TV. NTSC was a SLOWER refresh rate than most cinemas at 60hz.
A lot of Americans that come to Australia immediately notice flicker in their visual peripheral vision on pal TV at 50hz but often for used to it after a few weeks
Modern televisions usually have high refresh rates of 100hz or 120hz and also offer not very helpfully, motion interpolation features to mess with your visual perception more.
Here’s a shot from 1996, when I worked on a project to recreate some of the first film footage ever shot in Australia at the Melbourne cup.
Shot in 1896 by a lumiere brothers camera person, we went to the same sites and shot with the oldest camera we could find, this wooden hand cranked Pathe camera.
That’s me popping up in the background behind my old mentor John Bowring ACS on the camera.
35mm hand cranked Pathe Feres camera
8C7607A1-1581-4003-96C9-6810557232DB.jpeg (298.29 KiB) Viewed 6354 times
If you have a TV which can display 24p at multiple of 24Hz then this straight away looks nicer. Our Pioneer KURO plasma had this option. Not sure why TV manufactures don't offer it (some do), but instead do motion interpolation. My Sony TV does it, but it's fairly cheap and looses too much brightness (due to need of black frame to be inserted). Modern TVs should have no problem with it, but TV manufactures focused on other things.
Andrew Kolakowski wrote: 16fps is not a movie- it's a slide show
If you believe that, then you've probably never seen a silent film projected at its original frame rate. Also note John Brawley's explanation above.
You can offer your own rationale for why 24fps came to be the standard, or you can look at the historical record. There were indeed cost considerations, and the sensitivity of the film at that time would have also made higher frame rates difficult. But the determining factor for that particular rate, rather than 19, 21 or 23, etc. was sound.
Andrew Kolakowski wrote: I more agree with this explanation:
Ahh, John Hess, in his “talking about nothing” video, and Jeff Wexler, in your jwsoundgroup link, say the same thing Pretty hard to miss that if you actually watched the video before trashing it.
Watched almost whole video (after 30min you have enough, so gave up) and didn't find it interesting or factual.
Those links are straight to the point.
Last edited by Andrew Kolakowski on Sun Jan 12, 2020 2:21 pm, edited 1 time in total.
I only argue that it's low number mainly due to costs and technology limitation not because it was a magical number chosen based on some test/research or artistic needs.
Fact that it was at the end determined by needs of audio is actually best proof for it.
Displaying 24p video at 72Hz does help, but it's still not the same as shooting and displaying 72p video.
Andrew Kolakowski wrote: Watched almost whole video (after 30min you have enough, so gave up) and didn't find it interesting or factual.
On the point that you raised, you clearly think that Hesse’s video is indeed factual. Apparently, you just don’t like the video generally, not surprising given your views :)
It would be interesting to know what Jeff Wexler’s father, Haskell Wexler, thought about this, but he doesn’t mention him in the linked post.
Hmm...maybe it's actual video about it, not the content itself. This "YouTube's" annoying style
John Brawley wrote: ... Modern televisions usually have high refresh rates of 100hz or 120hz and also offer not very helpfully, motion interpolation features to mess with your visual perception more.
Thanks for that photo of the wooden camera with the film magazine box. Looks like an alien creature with two eyes!
I think most recently released consumer televisions (in North America) are 120Hz with the ability to turn Off all those annoying motion enhancements. 120Hz being a good choice for both 24 fps and NTSC 30 fps material and double the 60Hz original electrical AC phase.
The worst TV motion enhancement ever invented occurred several years ago when ice hockey was becoming more popular in the United States. Someone thought the puck travelled too fast for the audience to see it when shot hard at the net so the television displayed a large ring around the puck! So bad.
Never bought the myth about cinemas running films fast to get more sessions in
It really doesn’t work out that way once you do the math. Most early films were a single reel running about 10-12 mins. Later longer films become 4 reel-ers and eventually the “feature” (more than 60 mins) is born.
Though many claim variations of feature films existed before this was happening.
My early career was working a lot with projectionists.
The guy I trained under had done a university degree to become a projectionist and took it very seriously.
Cinemas usually underpowered their projectors to save power which drastically changed the colour. Projectors were generally ARC RODS not lamps don’t forget.
Same today, a lot of lamps get pushed beyond when they should retired.
But the whole more sessions by running a couple of FPS faster is a furphy I think.
You can't tell this about broadcast though. Up to 10% speed up on commercials became a norm and it has gained popularity in last few years. It's all about $.
Last edited by Andrew Kolakowski on Sun Jan 12, 2020 10:41 pm, edited 1 time in total.
If anyone cares to see a cranked camera in action, and an indication of why frame rates on silent films tend to be "flexible", this excerpt from a Buster Keaton classic ("The Cameraman") might help. Also, there's an unintentionally adjustable tripod, which was something new for the 1920s.
Perceptually we find that a lot of our ideas about silent era footage is tainted by always having watched it at the wrong frame rate.
Telecine and modern sound playback means it’s always playing back too fast and develops the near comic jerky ness.
I saw this magnificent documentary made by Peter Jackson in the cinema. There’s a great price at the end where he talks about taking this archival footage from the imperial war museum and giving it this treatment.
The first thing he says he did was re-time the footage. He said the frame rates were all over the place and mostly the re-timed it by simply eyeballing the speed changes.
They added sound. Jackson, a WW1 enthusiast had lip readers work out what the subjects were saying. Then, by identifying their units from their uniforms, cast actors from where those units came from to ADR the sound.
It’s hard to describe how much more engaging and emotionally connected this footage becomes once it’s re-timed to 24fps and the simple addition of sound.
The colourising is perhaps the least successful.
Watch this trailer.
At the beginning is shows archival footage presented in the way we are used to seeing. Then it goes to the restored footage, with the correct frame rate and sound.
It’s a wonderful film on its own anyway and nicely illustrates the differences in frame rate playback.
They shall not grow old.
John Brawley wrote: I saw this magnificent documentary made by Peter Jackson in the cinema.
Thanks for mentioning this film, which I’ve been meaning to see. Looks like Amazon, iTunes, and perhaps others, now have it for sale.
Adam Gopnik has an interesting piece about it in the New Yorker: “A few thoughts on the authenticity of Peter Jackson’s ‘They Shall Not Grow Old’”: https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-co ... t-grow-old
Return to Cinematography
Users browsing this forum: Google Feedfetcher, KurtFill, Robdoc and 13 guests
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3123
|
__label__cc
| 0.720617
| 0.279383
|
Sen. Jerry Moran caving on Obama Supreme Court nominee ‘incomprehensible’
March 24, 2016 by press
March 24, 2016, Fairfax, Va.—Americans for Limited Government President Rick Manning today issued the following statement blasting Sen. Jerry Moran’s (R-Kan.) statement that “the process ought to go forward” for President Barack Obama’s Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland:
“Jerry Moran’s decision to cave on considering Obama’s Supreme Court nominee is incomprehensible. As the former head of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, Moran spent the past two years telling America that they needed a GOP majority to stop Obama from fundamentally transforming America. Now, Moran is opening the door for a Supreme Court nominee who would lock in Obama’s agenda for a generation. This is an outright betrayal of the very GOP Senate majority which Moran successfully led the fight to achieve. Jerry Moran needs to understand one simple fact, stopping Obama’s agenda is his job, and pandering to the hard left which demands that he kowtow to their whims is hopefully a misquote rather than his considered position.”
Interview Availability: Please contact Americans for Limited Government at 703-383-0880 ext. 106 or at media@limitgov.org to arrange an interview with ALG experts including ALG President Rick Manning.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3126
|
__label__cc
| 0.692846
| 0.307154
|
by Matt Beswick 3 Aug 2012 18 Mar 2015
How Google just made travel SEO a bit more complicated
Matt Beswick7 POSTS
Matt is a UK-based SEO consultant, working with clients of all shapes and sizes.
Get tracking.
What’s STAT? It’s large-scale rank tracking and SERP analytics, for folks who know SEO.
Try STAT
Guest contributor Matt Beswick on two new travel search products from Google, and what they mean for the folks who do travel SEO.
Google’s guiding philosophy seems to be try, try and try again. Only one-third of development projects at Mountain View ever become a full-fledged feature of Google’s broader product offerings. Also-rans like Wave, Knol and Buzz were all ambitious efforts that never really panned out. Regardless, the utilities that do make the cut tend to stick around for awhile.
The field of travel search has been a conspicuous hole in Google’s lineup until recently. They dipped their toes into the pool before, but hadn’t really made serious moves until the summer of 2011.
Google’s latest travel tools
Google’s renewed interest in travel search began last year with the acquisition of ITA Software for $700 million on September 13, 2011.
Building on the talent and code that they gained through the buyout, they’ve launched Google Hotel Finder and Google Flights. Much like most other search engines for airline information, users can select flights based on a number of parameters like arrival and departure times, budget, and preferred carriers.
The reviews thus far are lukewarm at best, and competitors like Expedia and Orbitz don’t seem to be that concerned at present.
What differentiates Google Flights is its nifty UI for picking out flight itineraries and its sheer speed. Though not as full-featured or ostentatious in appearance as its many rivals, Flights provides the average searcher with a quick way to comparison shop—although you can’t book flights within the service.
Hotel Finder, while still technically a Google Experiment, allows users to select a specific region in which to hunt for hotels and accommodations. Thanks to the user feedback and reviews provided by Google Plus, Hotel Finder boasts a heavy social element that assists users in finding the right lodgings.
Travel SEO and the bottom line
For the average Joe or Jane that uses Google for planning trips, Flights and Hotel Finder make searching for travel accommodations fairly painless. Though Bing currently features better travel search functionality overall, Flights and Hotel Finder are solid options for gathering information.
The major point of contention for travel SEO experts and marketers is the fact that these new travel services rely on a paid inclusion model for the top spots. In other words, sponsored ads take precedence at the top of the SERPs.
It’s pretty obvious at a glance what this will mean for AdWords advertisers. Basically, they’ll have to pay more money if they want to stay in contention. What it also means is that travel SEO sites will need to rely more heavily on organic and viral marketing in order to be successful.
Changing revenue models and streams
Google first became famous for its completely neutral take on search results. Unlike Yahoo, it completely segregated paid and non-paid results and made it clear which was which. AdWords handled sponsored listings, while organic SERPs were immune from the direct influence of money.
Paid inclusion used to be anathema to everything Google stood for. Now, it seems they’re willing to integrate it gradually under the right circumstances. Travel metasearch service Kayak, which gets a mere 10 percent of traffic from Google search, claims that Google Flights won’t significantly impact their profits.
That’s great for Kayak, but it won’t help smaller travel SEO practitioners who rely on Google for the bulk of their leads.
Adapting to the new reality
When it comes to Flights, the paid inclusion model that’s gaining traction is similar to that of Google’s Advisor service. Though there’s still a relatively clear segregation between organic SEO venues and PPC-based advertising arenas, the waters are getting murkier as we go forwards.
Marketers basically have two options: pay more for paid listings, or increase the quality and quantity of their inbound-links via organic SEO and social media. Dealing with Hotel Finder will require SEOs to optimize content for Google Places, among other tactics.
The primary takeaway
You have to hand it to those crafty folks at Google: they’re certainly adept at keeping marketers on their toes.
You can expect to see much bigger things in the coming months from Flights and Hotel Finder as Google moves to increase monetization of their travel search products. But, in order to do that, they’ll need to really impress advertisers and searchers alike with an experience that’s unparalleled.
Opinion & analysis (68)
Bing & Yahoo! (5)
by The STAT Team 17 Dec 2018 18 Dec 2018
Mapping the overlap of SERP feature suggestions We explored the search suggestions packed into SERP features to see how much overlap might exist as a result of Google's endless topical organization.
by The STAT Team 12 Oct 2018 26 Apr 2019
Whitepaper: How distance & intent shape a local pack
by The STAT Team 13 Sep 2018 14 Sep 2018
Exploring Google’s new carousel featured snippet In an effort to answer questions before you can even ask them, Google invented the carousel snippet. And then we ran the numbers to see what it’s all about.
by The STAT Team17 Dec 201818 Dec 2018
Mapping the overlap of SERP feature suggestionsWe explored the search suggestions packed into SERP features to see how much overlap might exist as a result of Google's endless topical organization.
by The STAT Team12 Oct 201826 Apr 2019
by The STAT Team13 Sep 201814 Sep 2018
Exploring Google’s new carousel featured snippetIn an effort to answer questions before you can even ask them, Google invented the carousel snippet. And then we ran the numbers to see what it’s all about.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3127
|
__label__wiki
| 0.661584
| 0.661584
|
Scientology and Jordan Peterson Close to a 5 Year Deal
According to rumors, Canadian Clinical Psychologist Jordan Peterson is close to a deal with the Church of Scientology.
Loretta Splitair
Gilman Hot Springs, CA — According to Scientology insiders, controversial Canadian performance artist and occasional clinical psychologist Jordan Peterson are close to inking a deal with the Church. Former member Ted Blade, now an “SP” or Suppressive Person, a name given church defectors, says the Church has been trying for over three years to recruit Peterson to attract young men to Scientology.
Jordan Peterson is known for his reactionary views on religion, on transgender issues, on feminism, and for his incel and MGTOW-heavy audience. Although Peterson often makes morally questionable claims and engages in pseudoscience, his statements are notoriously incoherent, vague, jargon-laden, and ambiguous. This allows him to handwave criticism as mere misrepresentations of his babbling gibberish.
A perfect match, according to Ted Blade, for the Church of Scientology.
“Peterson is exactly that what they [the Church] needs,” said Mr. Blade nervously, looking over his shoulder. “They need these lost young men to fill their ranks, and he’s the guy to do it. It was all going smoothly until late last year when Jordan mentioned during a BBC interview that he supported–and sometimes took-anti-depressants. When Miscavige [David Miscavige, the current leader of the Church of Scientology] heard that, he flipped out and had Tom [Cruise] talk to him. If you know what I mean.”
Tom Cruise Has a Word with Dr. Peterson
Earlier this year, actor Tom Cruise did indeed pay a visit to Dr. Peterson’s Office at the University of Toronto to discuss his and the Church’s position on the use of psychiatric drugs and psychiatry in general.
“Scientology is particularly opposed to the psychiatric community and operates a front group, the Citizens Commission on Human Rights, to engage in anti-psychiatry campaigns,” continued Mr. Blade who, before his departure two months ago, was the director of counter-psyops, a team responsible to digging out the psychiatric activity within the Church.
“The Scientology practice has a great deal in common with bad psychiatry. Another front group is Narconon, a purported drug rehabilitation program. I mean, look how deceptively similar name to Narcotics Anonymous, and the support group for those living with alcoholics, Al-Anon. It’s not good. I’m not sure what kind of deal that came to Peterson, but he seemed to like it.”
The Church of Scientology said it doesn’t comment on internal matters.
Previous articleGeorge Soros Secretly Funding Progressive Rock Groups
Next articleSatire Extinction Risk from ‘Big Satire’
Loretta Splitair is Gish Gallop's Media and Cultural Editor. She has written widely including publications such as Rolling Stone, The Atlantic and the Lady's Home Journal where she hosts a regular column on the ravages of Billy Joel's music entitled, Billy Joel is a Piece of Shit. Loretta is married to her second husband after her first died protesting railway expansion in Kansas. Please do not ask her about it.
Keith Richards’ Mom Dead at 167
Trump Avoids Bad Press with New Underground White House Golf Course
Ted Cruz to Star in Next Batman Movie
News Pic: Get Reasonably High From Vintage Smoking Device
Cher To Wed Robert Plant At Westminster Abbey
Pope Francis Blesses Grade A Indica
Area Man Breaks Nose Motorboating
Flaccid Men’s Rights Activist Should Have Taken the Blue Pill
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3129
|
__label__cc
| 0.545789
| 0.454211
|
There's Some Complex Physics In These Photos of Ink Falling Through Water
Spherical Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities, to be exact. That’s what happens when two fluids of different densities collide under the force of gravity. The pattern can be seen in everything from the mushroom clouds of nuclear explosions to cosmic supernovae. But as science photographer Linden Gledhill demonstrates, you can also recreate the fluid dynamics phenomenon at home, using nothing but ink, water, and a good camera.
“I was inspired by the computer modeling work of Mark Stock who has been doing some amazing simulations of Spherical Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities of liquids falling through other liquids,” Gledhill told Gizmodo in an email. “I’ve set up a small tank of water with an optical window in the base and I’m now exploring the instabilities of ink falling through the tank.”
Like Stock’s models, Gledhill’s ink droplets twist and distort under the effects of gravity as they plunge through water. The results are short lived—eventually, ink and water will combine in an inseparable union—but during those fleeting seconds of first contact, the contorted dance between the two fluids is a beautiful sight to behold.
Images reproduced with permission from Linden Gledhill. You can check out more of his work on his website and his Flickr page.
asgasgasg
photoshop lens flair? Really?
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3130
|
__label__cc
| 0.603938
| 0.396062
|
Funding Arts Broward
Supporting Innovative Local Visual and Performing Arts
Who Is FAB
FAB Facts
FAB in the News
Grant Eligibility
FAB Knight New Work Award
Grantee History
Grantees Portal
Information and Attachments
Recognition Info
FAB Logo
FAB Funded Performances & Event Information
Join FAB
Grant Screening
Letter to Members
Visionary Fund
FAB! SCENE | FALL 2019
Art Miami + CONTEXT with the Art and Culture Center of Hollywood
Trip includes bus transportation and admittance fee. RSVP to Holly at (954) 921-3274, x 233.
“Black and White: A Night At The Museum”
Cocktails, tapas, entertainment, and special exhibition tours of Happy! and I Paint My Reality: Surrealism in Latin America with NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale Director Bonnie Clearwater.
5:30 – 7 p.m.
Prospective Member/New Member Gathering
Enjoy wine and cheese at the home of Les Weil and Jodi Peck. Invite a friend to meet FAB! and become an individual or corporate member.
FAB! FUN – Miami City Ballet dress rehearsal for the Company premier of “I’m Old Fashioned,” a tribute to the Golden Age of Hollywood, at BCPA.
Noon – 2 p.m.
Enjoy lunch and a private art collection tour at the home of Bonnie Barnett. Limited attendance and Valet Parking.
Mardi Gras Cocktail Party at the Fort Lauderdale Woman’s Club.
FAB! Spring Luncheon – Dance program discussion and entertainment at BCPA.
* FAB!’s Spring and Fall Luncheons and Evening Program plus the annual Grant Awards Reception are open to the public. All other FAB! Fun events are exclusively for FAB! members and their guests. Member invitations are sent four weeks prior to the event. Join FAB! and enjoy all our great events!
Please click here to stay
up-to-date with our latest Member Events.
GRANTEE EVENTS
For more details on Grantee Events click here.
Your time and energy are of value to us! As an all-volunteer organization, FAB! encourages you to get involved. Make new friends and do more to help FAB! accomplish great things.
FundingArtsBroward.org
FundingArtsBroward@gmail.com
Funding a New Generation of Creativity and Culture
Carolyn Lee, President
Welcome back to a thrilling fall season of FAB! fun and arts experiences. This year promises some wonderful new adventures in addition to our member favorites.
And, also, just like that… our new grants cycle season is here! The call to creativity is out and FAB! is encouraging you – our next generation of nonprofit leaders and champions of the arts – to apply for one of our 2021 grants. I’m pleased to announce that, last year, we created an additional grants tier to inspire small and emerging arts organizations, often the breeding ground for new and innovative programs, to apply. This year, we reduced the requirement for the organization to have been a non-profit for a minimum of three years to just one year. The new tier will award a grant from $2,000 to $5,000 for eligible organizations. Applications are now open at www.fundingartsbroward.org/grants with a deadline to apply for consideration of January 24, 2020.
Because of you, our members, we’ve awarded over $3.3 million to numerous culturally enriching arts organizations. This is the payoff for the culmination of our yearlong membership drives – it’s why we’re here. As we head into the new season with the highest membership level in FAB! history, I can only thank you for your support in helping to preserve and cultivate the arts in Broward County.
Please help spread the grants good word. Eligibility requirements for FAB! 2021 Grants can be found at www.fundingartsbroward.org and questions about the application process can be directed to
fabgrants@gmail.com.
Click below to see member Jodi Peck’s video of why she gives to the FAB! Visionary Fund. Contributions allow us to access professional services, streamline our infrastructure and conduct outreach to more members – all necessary to continue our role as a power in supporting the arts!
FAB! Fun – “Who Goes First,” An Island City Stage Presentation
FAB! members and guests enjoyed a celebration of the arts at our Fall Luncheon held on October 15 at the Broward Center for the Performing Arts. After a brief state of the arts presentation, special guest speaker Martin Childers, managing director of Island City Stage, an organization creating quality theatrical experiences that focus on the LGBTQ community but have a heart and soul that is truly universal, gave an engaging presentation. As part of the program, guests enjoyed a performance of “Who Goes First” as presented by the talented company players.
Board Spotlight – Gems About Jane Caragher, Board Member Outreach Chair
FAB!’s member outreach chair extraordinaire is Jane Caragher and we’re proud to have her at the forefront of our organization sharing her talent.
Jane possesses an admirable and lauded career in sales and marketing. In fact, her powers of persuasiveness are so great that one can only question why the Eskimos have so much ice!
Since becoming a member five years ago, FAB! has been her passion project.
“I love contributing to the arts scene in Broward County,” said Jane. “And, not only do I value the opportunity to support the arts through FAB!, I’ve also had the good fortune to meet the most wonderful folks.”
The Master Chorale of South Florida – Concerts in the Key of Stellar
The Master Chorale, comprised of 130 tri-county select singers, is the premiere symphonic chorus in South Florida. Its concerts range from Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 to Handel’s Messiah to Broadway classics. In addition to presenting its own concert series, the Master Chorale performs with visiting guest artists and ensembles, including Kristen Chenowith and Andréa Bocelli.
“FAB! is, indeed, a fabulous organization. Their vision and mission tells us they ‘get it’ – they understand that government grants are not sufficient to support and grow local cultural institutions,” said Brett Karlin, artistic director. “We are extraordinarily grateful to receive financial support from FAB! members, who live here and are passionate about strengthening the cultural fabric of their own community.”
Don’t miss the Chorale’s first annual Holiday Soiree (a night of holiday music and merriment at the Tower Club) on December 14, Beethoven’s beloved Symphony No. 9 (“Ode to Joy”) on February 26 and Mendelssohn’s masterpiece Elijah on May 1 and 3.
Meet Kat Sierra, FAB!’s New Administrator
Please welcome Kat Sierra to the FAB! family as our new administrator. Kat brings over 20 years of art, photography and design experience to us. Originally from New York City, she moved here to pursue a degree in fine art from FAU in 1999, and, since then, has called both New York and South Florida home. Kat started her creative career in photography working for the award-winning Tiffany Photographic Studio and has served as an executive administrator for the Marian Holden Theatre & Drama Workshop Inc., a nonprofit organization committed to gifting youth with an arts education, in Rahway, New Jersey.
Feel free to contact Kat with any question at (954) 353-7673 or fundingartsbroward@gmail.com.
Thank you to our Corporate Members for their continued support!
FAB! President | November 26, 2019 | Newsletter | 0 Comments
« 2017 Grant Announcement
© 2020, Funding Arts Broward
Website design by GPR
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3132
|
__label__wiki
| 0.70519
| 0.70519
|
Fun For The Day
Hang Around and Have Some Fun
Follow us on Facebook Follow us on Pinterest Follow us on Instagram
Funny & Satire News
Meme Collections
Comics & Quizzes
Hayden Panettiere’s ex-boyfriend arrested on domestic violence charges
Hayden Panettiere’s former boyfriend Brian Hickerson has reportedly been arrested on an eight-count domestic violence complaint.
Law enforcement sources told TMZ.com Brian was charged on Thursday with felony offences including domestic violence and assault.
Hayden recently reported her ex to the Teton County Sheriff in Wyoming, along with the Santa Monica police and the Los Angeles Police Department, for multiple alleged incidents involving extreme domestic violence against her during their year-and-a-half relationship.
The former Nashville star told TMZ: “I am coming forward with the truth about what happened to me with the hope that my story will empower others in abusive relationships to get the help they need and deserve.
“I am prepared to do my part to make sure this man never hurts anyone again,” she said. “I’m grateful for my support system, which helped me find the courage to regain my voice and my life.”
Her attorney, Alan Jackson, added: “After suffering for years as the victim of psychological, emotional and severe physical abuse, Hayden Panettiere has begun the process of taking back her life.
“Hayden has found the strength and courage to share the truth about her abuse and her abuser, and she intends to assist the prosecution to see that justice is served. As a survivor, she recognizes that her arduous journey of healing has just begun.”
Brian was also arrested last year following an alleged domestic violence incident involving Hayden, but the charges were dropped because she refused to co-operate with prosecutors.
The on-off couple finally called it quits four months ago after he was arrested after allegedly punching Hayden in the face during an argument on Valentine’s Day in Jackson, Wyoming, and she was recently granted court-ordered protection in both Wyoming and California.
Brian has pleaded not guilty to domestic battery and one count of interfering with a peace officer following the February incident. He is set to appear in court for a pre-trial conference in August. A jury trial is scheduled to start the following month.
In: Celebrity News
Previous Post: After Dark Funny Meme Dump 33 Pics
Next Post: Not in the House! Fails You Missed #13 | FailArmy
"Thousands of geniuses live and die undiscovered - either by themselves or by others."
https://youtu.be/vRXZj0DzXIA?list=TLPQMjkwODIwMjAp-oE_70wCgg
https://youtu.be/quFlP3cRCFs
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3133
|
__label__cc
| 0.545933
| 0.454067
|
Steaks, Ribs & Barbecue Since 1978
Party Packs To Go
Texas BBQ Pie
Gabby's BBQ
Cardinals arizona diamondbacks colorado rockies los dodgers san padres san Stay on track for 500 offensive coordinator
Dodgers famously back of his stature picked los eight
By Claudia Olmos On June 27, 2018 · Add Comment
Notably, all three of his previous multi-point came with two assists and no goals. Average: .275 Home Runs: 204 RBI: 805 Stolen Bases: 66 Runs: 845 OBP: .336 SLG: .457 OPS: .794 Impressive wholesale nba jerseys to say the least, and the consensus is certainly that provide some more pop for the Rockies, as having Dahl and Trevor Story with the for the entire . But , he was the ballpark lobbing his pitches to a teammate and subjecting his arm to the ministrations of the Indians’ trainer. Add Shabazz Muhammad and or Tyus Jones, or maybe even Gorgui Dieng if you’re still able to get Nurkic back as well, and this trade suddenly makes some sense. Any answer. O’Brien, Oyster River, ; 2. But let me just say again, doing nothing is not option because you have seen the headline all across America, all last year about this status quo. The door is not completely shut, especially because Puljujarvi , fact, need Authentic Mitchell Marner Jersey 20 or 30 American nfl jerseys free shipping Hockey League, or Versteeg have slowed down to the extent that Yakupov is a better bet than him, or injury strike, as it did last year. With those two players shining, Portis spends a lot of his time at the end of the Bulls bench. He’s the only player to start four consecutive Final Fours, and was instrumental Duke winning two Authentic Isaac Seumalo Jersey national championships. I know I was the commissioner’s cheap jerseys usa office when they were marking nfl jerseys nike up the logo, and they had a picture of me, said Killebrew. Over his first two seasons with the Seahawks, 29 , they are 13 for 31 throwing to the red wholesale nba jerseys zone for 120 yards, six touchdowns, one interception and a passer rating of 79. You’re not forcing anything.
Pamphile could conceivably end up at tackle or guard, depending on what a team needs from him and the competition around him. He’s more of a low-end standard leagues and should be better than this most nights for the next month. But as he grows more comfortable with coach Jay nfl jerseys free shipping Gruden’s offense, he likely garner more looks outside the 25-yard line. He’s just playing definitively, making quick movements and it’s paying off as his two best scoring took place within a four-day span . Position: RW Height: 6 Weight: 192 lbs. Sowell’s lasting imprint on the Seahawks is to be determined. Isaac added 13 points for Mississippi Valley State, who shot 57 percent from the field as a team http://www.authenticpenguinsproshop.com/patric-hornqvist-jersey-c-1_6.html the second half. Growing up together with cheap jerseys elite brothers and working out – knowing wholesale nba jerseys that they bring intensity to the workout and they really, truly believe it – it’s awesome, Gronkowski said. Let’s beat the Redskins! addition, became ?rst ever to hit a home run to give team a lead after being one out away from a shutout loss…Had 15-game hitting streak from 24 to July 9, batting http://www.authenticseahawkssale.com/michael-bennett-jersey-c-1_22.html .368 with ?ve doubles, three home runs and eight RBI…Fell one game short of career-long streak, established from 15, 2013.
OWINGS MILLS, Md. Last week, former 49ers coach Harbaugh, ‘s brother, said Kaepernick is still outstanding player and can win championships. should be available for Opening Day. Had 11 points and 10 rebounds a 74 win over . Zach Werenski, University of Michigan Despite the fact that he won’t turn 19 until July, Zach Werenski has already Radko Gudas Jersey Womens played two full seasons for the University of Michigan, starred for the http://www.authenticjaguarsproshop.com/malik-jackson-jersey-c-1_36.html United States’ World team cheap jerseys usa consecutive cheap jerseys elite years, and has already turned pro. The team says the injury is ankle. … I’m not going to leave it to chance or just on the film. Shouldn’t we hold our pundits and politicians to the same standard of behavior-no screaming, lying, talking nfl jerseys nike gibberish, or fake crying on national television-that we expect of our children? If they’ve got nothing cheap jerseys elite to hide, what’s the problem? That’s a good -and one more Christians should ask themselves. The 6-foot-3-pound Clayborn was injured early the game and did not return after halftime.
The two All-Stars are on opposite teams, but that doesn’t mean they don’t enjoy having a mini-prank war with each other. would be a starter Minnesota for two injury riddled seasons. Are you ever confused with former Yankee outfielder O’Neill? And Chris Kunitz, well nfl jerseys free shipping who knows what he is capable of doing anymore. No real surprises. and HP nfl jerseys nike have embraced social media including Facebook and Twitter as part of their internal communications. He has a lot of players who are draftable. Not really much to it. Many other Flyers be honored as part of their Michael Irvin Jersey 50th anniversary. He finished with 3 sacks nine last and has 47 sacks 59 career . That’s a crucial part of learning - cheap jerseys usa going through and doing it.
I ordered the sliced brisket and was rewarded with some tender meat bursting with flavor.
...after slow smoking for over 14 hours, it was falling apart and VERY tender.
Jack Tyler
Culinary Houston
We want to cater your next event!
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3134
|
__label__cc
| 0.691136
| 0.308864
|
Trust issues guidelines for angling during lockdown
The Angling Trust has published a comprehensive set guidelines for anglers allowing them to fish safely, locally and responsibly without falling foul of the law. This follows the recent change of tack from government which initially excluded English anglers from fishing when the lockdown was announced on January 5, but then changed tack, allowing anglers to fish on January 7, after other lobbyists, such as the canoeists, had managed to gain cleareance that their sports were acceptable 'exercises'.
The confusion over exercise was exacerbated at the weekend when two women drove five miles in separate cars for a walk at Foremark reservoir, only to be arrested by Derbyshire Police who deemed it "not in the spirit of 'exercise". They were initially fined £200, but Police later apologised. Confusion extended further when the Prime Minister was criticised for cycling seven miles from his residence, having previously stated everyone should exercise locally.
Angling was, by then, deemed by government as a 'reasonable excuse' for exercise, which was widely welcomed, as many other sports could not continue, but anglers remained confused over the rules on locality and the time they could spend fishing.
The key messages from the Trust to English anglers are:
This is a strictly limited resumption of local fishing and very different to how anglers have been allowed to operate since May
Angling is a ‘reasonable excuse’ recognised by Government, which was clarified by Sport England, which mentioned fishing as an acceptable exercise
Anglers should be able to show that any travel to go fishing is in accordance with the government’s instruction to stay local. To remain within the law, anglers should follow the travel guidance and only fish locally
The National Lockdown must be respected. The law requires a ‘reasonable excuse’ to leave your home or penalties will apply
The Trust advises that if a police officer decide to issue you with a direction order or fixed penalty notice you should accept it, pack up immediately, and return home if so instructed
Organised sporting gatherings are prohibited, so match fishing is banned
Exercise is limited to once a day, so overnight fishing is banned
Anglers should also avoid fishing in crowded places where social distancing could be difficult and might give rise to concerns over public health
Government guidelines on exercise state you should minimise time spent outside your home, but you can leave your home to exercise. This exercise should be limited to once per day, and you should not travel outside your local area. 'Exercise', says the guidelines, includes – but is not limited to – running, cycling, walking, and swimming. Thus angling qualifies as a 'reasonable excuse' for exercise.
The guidelines also say you can exercise in a public outdoor place: by yourself; with the people you live with; with your support bubble (if you are legally permitted to form one); in a childcare bubble where providing childcare; or, when on your own, with one person from another household.
Public outdoor places include: parks, beaches, countryside accessible to the public, forests; public gardens (whether or not you pay to enter them); the grounds of a heritage site; playgrounds. However, all outdoor sports venues – tennis courts, golf courses, swimming pools – must close.
Children under 5, and up to 2 carers for a person with a disability who needs continuous care, are not counted towards the gatherings limits for exercising outside.
The guidelines go on to state that if you (or a person in your care) have a health condition that routinely requires you to leave home to maintain your health - including if that involves travel beyond your local area or exercising several times a day - then you can do so.
On social distancing, the guidelines state: "When around other people, stay two metres apart from anyone not in your household - meaning the people you live with - or your support bubble. Where this is not possible, stay one metre apart with extra precautions (like wearing a face covering)."
Martin Salter, Angling Trust Policy Chief said: “Covid has caused an unprecedented and deadly global pandemic costing thousands of lives and putting our NHS staff under intolerable pressure. We are clear that angling must be part of the solution and not a cause of problems or concern. Getting Ministers to recognise the case for local fishing was a huge achievement but it has understandably triggered hundreds of enquiries and requests for clarification. Foremost was to define ‘local’ - hardly an easy task since the government has not done so in the regulations as the Police have been pointing out this week and the Prime Minister has demonstrated with his recent seven-mile cycle ride. By bringing everything into one document we hope that we’ve provided everything anglers need to know in order fish safely, locally and responsibly during the lockdown without falling foul of the law.”
Read the Angling Trust guidelines here
Scott Mann, North Cornwall MP and a keen angler, welcomed the continuation of angling saying: “We have seen over the last 12 months the positive impact angling can have on people’s mental health. As a solitary pursuit it can be enjoyed without concerns about distancing from other, so I am glad we are now able to fish once again.”
Jamie Cook, Angling Trust CEO, added: "We have acted responsibly, professionally and effectively, much to the envy of many other sports, as has been acknowledged by Sport England, the Environment Agency, government ministers and officials and the thousands of anglers who have sent us messages of support or joined us in record numbers. But I must stress that the spotlight is on us like never before and we must all conduct ourselves responsibly and fish safely. Please remember we are extremely fortunate to be able to fish at all and we must all act as ambassadors for our sport.”
Search all sectionsAny Channel Articles Blog Issues News Pages Reader Offers Reviews Video
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3137
|
__label__cc
| 0.634322
| 0.365678
|
Freeform Role Plays
Sky and me 1x1
By AroaraAngelwolf, April 2, 2018 in Freeform Role Plays
AroaraAngelwolf
"More pups." He said softly with a distant look and a kind smile. "I'd love that, a big family, every member stopped at the first set of twins. Two sets would be great, then adopt a little girl so her brothers grow up learning to protect someone other than their mother and he land. I found that power is much easier to control when you protect someone while still young, start small then go big. Grandpa asked me to choose one person from town to protect, I picked my best friend Joe. Most of the younger generation is moving out of the village and into the city. They might not have many friends their age by the time they're ready to train. "
Zach joined her and slipped out the gate holding her hand. Handing her the basket he shifted and crouched for her to get on. "Don't worry, no bears would come near us with me here." He winked a grey lined golden eyes at her.
SkySong278
Some choices are easy. Some...stay with you forever.
Location: Camelot
“I’d like that as well. Would it still be possible for me to give birth to a girl or not so much if I have two sets of twins? That’s a good idea. Maybe we can go to the city sometimes to let them socialize with other kids their age and we can also visit Joe and Jessica as well. Oh speaking of them, I know we were going to go on a trip soon and stop by their house on the way but I guess we’ll have to wait until Darren and Callan are born first,” she said and asked in reply with a smile of her own.
Parker smiled at him when he caught up to her and then walked with him out of the gate. She held the basket when he shifted and kept a hold of it when she got up onto his back. “H-how’d you know I was afraid of bears?” she asked shyly in reply to what he said.
Edited August 19, 2020 by SkySong278
"I don't know. Like I said, nobody had any more than two. And I know females are rare and don't shift, to have one is to preverbial 'break' the line. I really don't know how it works. No female has been born in my family before. " He said with a shrug.
"Bruce told me. He told me what to look out for before he left to take care of Fang." He said trotting into the woods.
“Oh okay. What about us taking our trip? We can have your mom and dad take care of Darren and Callan while we’ll be gone after they’re born and also after we get them blessed,” she said and asked in reply with a curious expression on her face.
“Oh okay. I’m glad that I’ll have you to protect me,” she said in reply before looking around at their surroundings and to see if she could spot a good place to have their picnic. “What about there?” she asked while pointing to a meadow a few minutes later.
"To be honest, I forgot about the trip. I did promise you that we'll see the ocean. That seems good, but the boys would have to be weened from milk first. " He said opening the back door once they reached home.
Zach nodded and trotted over to the meadow and laid in a sunny spot on some springy moss so she could get off and he shifted back to set up the picnic. "Lovely spot dear. " He said sitting close to her.
“Oh and glad I could remind you of it. Mhm and okay. Sounds like a plan,” she said in reply before walking into their house through the back door after he had opened it. She then went over to the couch and sat down for a few minutes, smiling down at her belly after placing one of her hands over it.
Parker got off of his back after he had gone over to a sunny spot with some moss and then watched as he set up the picnic after he shifted back. “Thanks. It was the first spot I saw,” she said in reply after sitting down and Zach sat down beside her.
Adonis got a metal pan and heated some water in it before going over and sitting on the floor in front of her with the pan. He took off her shoes and stockings, set them aside and put her feet in the warm water to soak. He then wordlessly began to rub her ankles and feet to get circulation to them.
"Sometimes the first is the best." He said getting out sandwiches and lemonade, handing her a sandwich and a tin cup filled with lemonade.
Sabrina closed her eyes and enjoyed him rubbing her ankles and feet after he had heated the water inside the metal pan for her feet to soak in them a bit. “You’re too good at spoiling me love,” she said after she was able to find her voice again.
“Yes sometimes it is. We can see a lot of things from here. The scenery’s beautiful,” Parker said in reply before taking the offered sandwich and lemonade.
"I try my best, I'm glad it's working." He chuckled and continued to rub her feet. He then dried them, rubbed lavender oil on them then took out the water to dump in the garden. "I want to take care of my wife. "
Zach started to eat and sat quietly listening to the birds chirping.
“You don’t have to try love. You do very well. Me too,” she said in reply while enjoying him putting lavender oil on them after drying them and before he took the pan outside to dump the leftover water into the garden. “You‘ve always taken care of me and I appreciate it very much.”
Parker started to eat as well, enjoying the companionable silence between them as well as the scenery in front of them. “What should we do after we’re done eating? Go for a run in the woods before heading back to the inn so that we can continue having time to ourselves for a bit longer or do something else?” she asked after swallowing a bite of her sandwich followed by a swallow of the lemonade afterward.
Adonis smiled and snuggled up to her holding her against him. "I just feel so lucky to have you. I'm happy the great sprits listed to my prayers. " He said softly and kissed the top of her head. "And now we're blessed with twin boys. It's just perfect and I will do anything to protect moments like this."
"Enjoy each other's company sounds nice. We are mates now, so let's get to know each other a little better. So I know your the sister of the Sarah, and you like hunting, use the bow and arrow, like living in the woods and has a pet wolf dog, afraid of bears... Where would you like to go someday? How big is your family and do you have a preference for jewelry?"
Sabrina rested her head against his shoulder when he snuggled close to her and pulled her close to him before hearing everything he said afterward. “I feel lucky as well to have you and I’m glad we found each other. Me too,” she said before kissing him softly on the cheek. “We are and I can’t wait until they’re born. It is and I will as well. It’s moments like this that make me happy as well and just mainly being near you.”
“I’m glad and I’d like that as well. Actually my sister’s name is Jessica but the rest of that is right. Hm maybe a cruise to another country. It’s just me and my sister so four if you include our parents and nope not really. I like any jewelry. It’s all very beautiful.”
Adonis smiled and gently rubbed her shoulder. "I'm glad." He said through a yawn. After a few minutes he was snoring softly.
"Alright, favorite gemstone? Oh! Favorite folktale! " He said flipping over to lay on his belly. "Mine is from Korea, it's comparing a wild tiger and a man who came back from war, and the wife of said man goes to a wise man for advice since her husband is now aggressive. He said to go to the tiger's cave and feed it every day. The wise man asked her to get a tiger's wisker and bring it to him. After some more time, she was able to take a wisker out and help the beast without getting hurt herself and the tiger left when it was better. She returned to the wise man and told him what happened in and he told her, 'Your husband is like the tiger, hurt and scared. Just like the tiger, stay with him and be patient, be slow and be gentle.' at least I think that's what he said..."
((Called tiger's wisker. A Korean tale))
Edited July 3, 2020 by AroaraAngelwolf
Sabrina smiled a bit more when she heard his reply before also falling asleep shortly afterward, her head still resting against his shoulder as she did so.
“Sapphire. It’s also my birthstone. I was born in mid September. Yours? Mine is Cinderella and I don’t think I’ve heard the one you described before. It sounds very interesting. I’ll have to read it someone,” she said in reply to everything to what he said and asked before moving to lay on her back while looking up at the sky and clouds.
Edited October 13, 2020 by SkySong278
Adonis slept all the way till morning until a panicked knock sounded on the door jolting him awake. He carefully got up and opened the door to a frazzled filthy man clearly not from here, holding an equally filthy dog and a tired old broke back horse collapsed on the ground behind him. The dog stank of mange, ear infection and blood from a rabbit snare dug deep in the poor animal's neck. "Help him please! I don't have any money for treatment but I'll work off my debt anyway possible! Please!" He shoved the dog into Adonis' chest and he shivered curling his lip. Mange was infectious and he was sure the man had it too with the sudden digging at his body as soon as the dog left his arms. "Go around the back of the house. We'll see what we can do." He said waving his hand to the side of the house. "We'll get you treated too." He said and took the dog to the back room.
"Really? Mine is Tanzanite and Turquoise December birthstone. I was born on a winter solstice." He said"the university I went to had all kinds of people and cultures there, I liked asking people their folklore. Cinderella is a fairy tale not a folk take. It's a difference between being told orally and specific to your area then a widely known just slightly changed twist on a old tale."
Sabrina slept all night and into the next morning as well, also being woken up by the panicked pounding on the front door. She tiredly rubbed her eyes before hearing the conversation between Adonis and their apparent new client. She had to hold her breath for a few seconds due to the smell that was coming from both the client and his dog. She breathed out as soon as the dog and the guy that brought the animal in left the main area. She went outside to the side of the house where Adonis was before asking with slight pale cheeks, “Anything I can do to help?”
((I Googled folktales and it showed Cinderella as a book and as a folktale))
“Oh that’s good to know and sorry. I don’t know any local folktales or any in general off the top of my head. That’s interesting that the university you went to had information on stuff like that. I wish I had gone to the same school to learn the same stuff you did.”
((John Solo Disney explained goes in depth on the history and origins of the fairy tale. He's on YouTube. I recommend you watch it's fascinating! But good to know.))
"Get hot water for both the man and dog. They are going to have a bath. And get some roots of the blue wolf's breath. That works best for mange. Grind into powder and mix it with the water as it boils and mix in lavender. I'll take care of the rest. I don't want you near this." He instructed heading back to tend to the animal and dragged out a large copper tub he uses for a bath in his wolf form. He threw herbs in the bottom, and told he man to strip and get in when the water is in it.
"I went to be a doctor. I got most of my schooling done, I'm taking a break before my last semester and writing my disortation." He said.
((oh okay and I’ll have to watch that at some point))
She nodded before getting a bucket and then filling it with hot water at the kitchen sink afterward, turning off the faucet once it was filled, and then going over to her business to get out the blue wolfs breath flowers. She then cut off the roots that were still there, ground it into a powder, dumped it into the bucket of hot water, and then added the lavender last. Then she carried the bucket over to the back door, opened it, and then put it on the back porch before she went upstairs to their room to take a nice, warm bath.
“That sounds like a good profession and that’s good. I hope when you go back that the girls there don’t try to seduce you,” she said in reply and the last thing she said was said a bit shyly while looking out at the valley.
Adonis scrubbed the man and dog down with soap, hot water and medicine, he then took the dog, gave him a rub down with flea and tick ointment used from the flowers and the skin of the dog looking much better now. He gave the man and horse the same treatment, then treated the dog's wound, carefully cutting the rabbit snare out and cleaned it up wrapping the wound. He then emptied and scrubbed the tub setting the man up with his horse and dog in a small part of the barn that had a bed for the patience he had to watch overnight and set him up with bedding and a meal before going inside and getting a shower himself, scrubbing his skin raw.
"It's what my dad wanted. Don't worry, I'm already seduced by one woman and one woman only." He chuckled and kissed her.
Sabrina had gotten out of her bath and took a small nap before Adonis had come back inside after he had finished with the patients she would have taken care of if she wasn’t pregnant. She woke up a little while later when she heard him in the shower but stayed in bed a bit longer some she didn’t want to get up just yet. After a little while more of just laying there, she got up, and then went into the bathroom to check on Adonis. “Love? Are you okay?” she asked still a bit groggily as she leaned against the bathroom counter.
“Then it was a good idea on your dad’s part. Oh,” she said in reply and was about to ask who that was although a small part of her already knew when he kissed her. She blushed a bit before returning his kiss by kissing him back for a few enjoyable minutes before she reluctantly pulled away again afterward. “Should we head back now?” she asked curiously a few minutes later.
"Mange is infectious. I don't want to get it yah know? And ticks. I hate ticks.." he said hearing him scrub his hair vigorously. The shower stopped and he got out grabbing a towel. He didn't care if she was in there, she's his wife and has already seen him in the buff. He gave her a wink. "Don't mind you standing there but I'm gonna shake off and you'll get wet."
"Yeah mum's probably worried." He said getting up and packing everything up before shifting again.
“Ah okay and I know. I think you also don’t like fleas. I don’t mind getting wet and it is just water,” she said in reply with a smile on her lips and a small blush on her cheeks after seeing his wink.
“Okay,” she said while helping him pack the things from their picnic and then got onto his back after he shifted. She petted him behind his head for a bit before stopping.
He looked at her, shrugged and shook his head getting water everywhere and toweling off the rest of his body before going in the bedroom and getting dressed.
Zach ran back to the gate, shifted back and carried her piggy back into the gate.
She giggled a bit when she got wet when he shook his head and shook the water from his hair on her. She then followed him into the bedroom and sat on the bed while he got dressed. “I took a nice warm and relaxing bath earlier while you handled the guy and dog with mange.”
Parker half into his fur when he ran back to the city gate. When he shifted back to human and he carried her piggyback style through the gate, she wrapped her arms around his neck before leaning against him and kissing her cheek.
"The dog's mange made the wound look deeper than it was, it looked like he cut it in time. The horse needs to be looked at too. The man said his name was Mike. Until his mange clears up I'll have him clean the barn to work off his debt. I don't want him in town where the infection can spread." He said softly forgoing a shirt, only owning three because he refused to wear them. It helped that his wife agreed he looked better without one. "I'll give him some food and, although I'd hate to do this, I need to patrol the borders of my land. Something feels off. I don't want to leave you alone and fang is still nursing her pups so she can't protect you. " He held her close to him his hand on her stomach. "I may ask my brother to come. Parker can come too. You can use some girl time and she can help with clients." He said softly kissing her neck tenderly. He then went to the balcony, held out his hand and one of the many fairies landed on his hand. After a quiet conversation, the fairy took off.
((I'm going to ts to the next day so they can interact with Adonis and Sabrina.))
When they got back to the inn, he kept her in his room to snuggle and sleep in. He had the window open, so when a butterfly came in and stood on his cheek he nearly smacked it until it spoke in a tiny voice. "Mister wolf, your brother wishes for you to watch his mate, a stranger is there and he doesn't want her to be alone. He said you can bring your companion too."
"Hmmm... Alright. I'll be there soon." He said turning his head so the fairy had to hover over them. "I'll let him know good wolf." Then he left through the window again.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3140
|
__label__cc
| 0.717859
| 0.282141
|
700km on a single charge: Mercedes says it's in it for the long run
In the same week that the motoring industry discovered the Tesla Model 3 was the UK's third most popular car purchase, Mercedes-Benz unveiled an electric supercar at the Frankfurt Motor Show with high expectations, and probably no little relief. The Vision EQS looks every bit the luxury sedan and features a startling headlight …
Saturday 14th September 2019 11:27 GMT Symon
Pony up.
Impressive. Now, all they need to do is make it sound like this:-
https://youtu.be/no7XR7s8Z7o
Saturday 14th September 2019 12:41 GMT Natalie Gritpants Jr
Re: Pony up.
Like the green Beetle that appears four times?
Also hilarious how many one-wheel-peels there are (love those solid rear axles).
Saturday 14th September 2019 18:07 GMT jake
It's not the axle that causes the single wheel to lose traction, it's the differential. They chose that diff option for the movie for effect (more smoke). There were (and are) better options for traction that are a simple bolt-in for that axle housing.
Sunday 15th September 2019 09:46 GMT Anonymous Coward
IIRC some american cars had no diff, hence "solid axle". Wooden beams holding the leaf springs for suspension, and a solid rod driving the wheels.
Sunday 15th September 2019 14:06 GMT Dave314159ggggdffsdds
No, a solid axle can have a diff in the middle, and almost always does (when it's a driven set of wheels). It's very rare to want the advantages of having both wheels locked together on hard surfaces enough to accept the disadvantages. Drift cars, that's about it. Very heavy trucks used to have no diff because it was too expensive to build one which could handle the torque.
Sunday 15th September 2019 20:20 GMT jake
"Solid axle" here is used as opposed to independent rear suspension, it's also known as the axle housing. What you are referring to is called the axle shaft.
Monday 16th September 2019 09:25 GMT Symon
Here it's called a live axle. The driveshafts and differential are all enclosed in a chunk of steel, wallowing in hypoid gear oil. These things are attached to the car with leaf springs. This system is simple, strong and cheap, and it keeps both rear wheels vertical when cornering. Cf mark I Ford Escort. But it has various disadvantages. The ride is crap because of the large unsprung weight. The traction is crap because the prop shaft imparts a torque onto the axle which pushes one wheel into the tarmac (good) but lifts the other off the road (bad). That's the single black line from the Mustang in the clip. It's also got terrible axle tramp, where the wheels shake up and down, because the shock absorbers' damping settings have to be a compromise between comfort and performance. Also, you can get bump steer where a bump under one wheel lifts the whole axle which can reduce traction on the other wheel and even twist the axle's steering direction. Oh, and axle wrap, that's no good either!
As Colin Chapman would've told you, you wanna bolt the rear diff to the chassis, move the brakes to the inboard end of the driveshafts, and use wishbones to suspend the axles. He might even suggest using the driveshaft as part of the lower suspension, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_strut . But he wouldn't tell you that at Le Mans, because the bastards wouldn't let him race.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_23#Banned_from_Le_Mans
Sounds like my Morgan ... which is oh-so-very British.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 00:33 GMT Fungus Bob
Re: type of differential
Sadly, Traction Lok (tm) was optional, not standard.
Saturday 14th September 2019 14:35 GMT elaar
To be fair, the majority of the sound comes from the tyres, as the Americans were incapable of designing a car that could go round corners at speeds greater than 10mph without sliding all over the place.
To be honestly fair, who was on the podium at Le Mans in 1966, two years prior to that movie?
Sunday 15th September 2019 08:21 GMT Sgt_Oddball
You mean those racing cars with British designed and built chassis (based off the lola mk VI)? Those podium finishers?
Sunday 15th September 2019 18:18 GMT agurney
Wasn't 1967 an all-American win (drivers, team and car)?
No, I'm talking about the cars that Carrol Shelby &Co. hand-built from the ground up to fix the flaws in the Lola design. (There are reasons that Lola only tried to race three of those cars, you know ... ).
If you're ever at a Concours d'Elegance where both are displayed, compare and contrast the two. There is really nothing the same about them at all. (I had the chance to do this at Pebble in 2016 ... I got to drive a '67 MkIV "Gurney bump" car at Seca the following day. Once in a lifetime, still gives me goosebumps thinking about it.)
Saturday 14th September 2019 19:22 GMT John Brown (no body)
"the Americans were incapable of designing a car that could go round corners at speeds greater than 10mph without sliding all over the place."
They were pretty crap at getting hubcaps to stay on too :-)
That's a truck engine in the Mustang (it's a 390). Ford made several engines that sound a lot better than that, from the 289 HO all the way up to the 427 cammer ...
Sunday 15th September 2019 17:51 GMT Blank Reg
I'd rather have this one
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsdWgmp4TaQ
No need for fake flames painted down the side of the car when you can have real ones.
If you want "real flames" for cheap, get a Honda and throw on a turbo.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 07:51 GMT Aussie Doc
The comment about how many hub caps can a car lose made me giggle.
Saturday 14th September 2019 14:54 GMT G R Goslin
350kW!!!!
I can see a lot of brown outs when a few cars roll up for a quick charge. Finding a charging station should be easy. Just look for the rising clouds of steam from the cooling towers servicing the charging equipment. Or the roar from the banks of diesel generators. I shudder to think of the capital cost of all this.
Saturday 14th September 2019 15:15 GMT Anonymous Coward
Re: 350kW!!!!
Yes, but that's what it takes to give a decent charge in a reasonable* time.
The amount of power taken to do this is the bit that the eco-political lot haven't got to grips with yet, especially when you need to be able to charge 20+ vehicles at the same time somewhere like a motorway service area.
*Though 5 minutes would be closer to the time for a conventional fill.
Saturday 14th September 2019 17:10 GMT Martin an gof
Or to put it another way, a typical domestic installation in the UK could probably (at a push) support charging at 50A, that is (assuming 230V), 11.5kW. To fill a 100kWh battery would therefore take the best part of nine hours.
However, this relies on said installation not having any other large loads. With supplier cut-outs (main fuses) commonly being 80A or even 60A (100A is possible but by no means universal, and I did once come across a 40A cutout), you'd not be able to charge at that rate while using an electric shower (32A or 40A) for example. Maybe the charger would have to be intelligent and monitor your other loads, and turn down its power take if necessary.
If you played safe and charged at 32A (7.3kW) it would take nearly 14 hours, at 16A (think caravan hook-up) you would be looking at well over a day, and if you plugged into a standard 13A socket (just about 3kW)...
You could talk to your local network about upgrading to three phase. It can be done domestically, but is rather expensive and if several of your neighbours also have cars with 100kWh batteries you might find the cost of installing the new transformer and possibly upgrading the 11kV infrastructure somewhat prohibitive :-)
100kWh is 100 "units" of electricity. On the face of it, that's quite good value for the range when compared with petrol or Diesel, but that doesn't include any set-aside for replacing the battery in 5 or 7 years' time.
Saturday 14th September 2019 23:26 GMT Justthefacts
Perhaps we are looking at this from the wrong end of the telescope?
The society-wide solution can’t be either 350kW or even 30 kW domestic charging anyway. If you allow that, then people all choose to charge at the same time when they get home or before they go to work. The peak power draw across the U.K. would be 3500GW, 100x what we can generate.
But the typical current domestic limit of about 10kW fits with the existing power generation capability reasonably. So, most people, most of the time, will just have to re-train ourselves to trickle-charge overnight at 10kW.
There does need to be a solution for the times when you forgot and have to charge the car quickly. Then you go to a charging station that can provide 350kW, and pay through the nose (maybe quadruple normal cost). That’s a mistake you won’t make more than very occasionally!
Gradually replace pumps with plugs at the 8000 petrol stations in the U.K., 2-4MW each, 50% peak network usage, should be less than 10GW which seems achievable. The difficult bit is going to be ensuring that “petrol/charging stations” remain economically viable to remain open.
Obviously, this does mean building out some more nuclear plants, rather than windmills. But it’s not complete fairyland like “in ten years everyone will be driving electric, and by the way rewire their house, magically find off-street parking, totally re-engineer national grid, and increase generating capability by 100x”
Sunday 15th September 2019 00:27 GMT JassMan
@Justthefacts
Sorry but I call BS. The official average mileage per car in the UK is just over 7k miles PER YEAR. Converting to km per day makes just 35km. ie just 5% of the 700km on a 100kWh battery. So assuming your domestic 30kW the average car could replace the days usage in 10 minutes. With the smart charging systems now being installed where the car can actually feed back to the grid on demand, car batteries left at home when the user takes public transport can supply power to their neighbours during high demand and re-topup later. In fact official calculations show that if everyone had electric cars with smart chargers and left them plugged in while stationary, peak power would reduce below the current limits. In reality, not everyone would plug in and not everyone would allow spare battery capacity used but since not everyone is going swap petrol for electric overnight we will have time to workout just how much extra capacity will be needed if any.
16 11 Reply
Sunday 15th September 2019 08:04 GMT Martin an gof
JustTheFacts: The peak power draw across the U.K. would be 3500GW, 100x what we can generate
JassMan: official average mileage per car in the UK is just over 7k miles PER YEAR
Interesting points both. To take the first, the current generating capacity (if you include imports) in the UK is rather more than 35GW, but certainly not 100x more. Gridwatch is always fun to peruse.
The complications are in the second. While you can't plan a system on maximum potential peak demand, you really can't base calculations on averages either.
Electrical regulations have some quite interesting calculations for "diversity" which say - for example - that you don't have to allow for the full 9 or 10kW that an electric cooker could take because all those heaters are thermostatically controlled and unlikely to be switched on at the same time, for any great length of time, but those same calculations don't allow you to provide a circuit based on a theoretical "average" either.
You might assume that a thermostatically controlled heater averages 50% duty cycle, but this is likely only when it has stabilised. For some time after switching on it will take 100%. A typical diversity calculation for a circuit supplying a domestic cooker is something like (from memory) 10A + 30% of the rest + 5A if there's a connected (13A) socket. Lighting, it's 66% of connected load (note, not 66% of the circuit capacity). Instantaneous water heating appliances are something like 100% of the first two and 25% of the remainder.
I suppose what I'm trying to say is that while the average charging demand might genuinely be quite low, the actual demand at any given point in the day might be very high. Imagine, for example, a street of 20 houses populated by commuters and their school-age families. Many commuters will be doing a lot more than the 35km per day you calculate. They will all come home in the early evening and immediately plug their cars in - maybe two per house. As I pointed out earlier in the thread, the current domestic infrastructure will not support a charging socket with more than perhaps 11kW capacity, certainly nothing like the 30kW figure you use (30kW at 230V single phase is about 130A and domestic installations top out at 100A with most being 80A or 60A - this is the service cutout and is the maximum allowed for the whole domestic installation so you can't use it all to charge a car if you also want to stay warm, cook tea, watch TV and keep the lights on.
Without intelligent control of charging even 20 x 11kW could easily overload the local network in the early evening, even if it is perfectly well specified for the "average".
So are we going to get into a smart meter situation with electric cars? Will there be a point where it's not actually possible to connect any more "selfish" cars to the network, and all future cars must have some standardised way of co-operating to charge only when the local network can handle the load?
As for two-way connections, using car batteries to prop up the local network, I refer the honourable gentleman to the problems we had recently when two generating stations dropped off the network and (very, very long story cut short) might have been survivable with the existing standby capacity, if 500MW of "embedded generation" (things like domestic solar installations) hadn't also dropped off the network. For safety reasons, embedded generators will always disconnect in this sort of circumstance, so are we heading for a situation where the network operator has to provide standby capacity equal not only to a major generator, but also to all those tens of thousands of car batteries?
Sunday 15th September 2019 08:48 GMT John Robson
Connected vehicles - talking to the grid... everyone can plug in at the same time, the cars will simply charge at the rate the grid can handle.
Since the ‘average’ car will have travelled 35km you have 8 hours to feed ~15kWh into the vehicle - that’s less than a kettle...
And you know what - even if you aren’t at 100% in the morning it’s no problem, you only need to *not* be at zero percent... charge during the day, at work, or at home...
Sunday 15th September 2019 21:09 GMT Justthefacts
“everyone can plug in at the same time, the cars will simply charge at the rate the grid can handle.”
No, that’s not the way electrical grids work.
Firstly, grids dont discriminate between “car” and “your employers computer system”. If demand exceeds supply instantaneously by 30% that’s a general brownout where most electrical goods don’t work.
And secondly, that’s *really* not the way grids work.
Grids target 50Hz frequency as the way to maintain exact balance between supply and demand. If the frequency drops past 49.5Hz limit ( 1%) , they drop entire sections of the grid off completely until balance is regained. Once a section has been dropped, it takes between ten minutes and an hour to re-stabilise and reconnect. Can you see the problem?
Monday 16th September 2019 07:30 GMT Stoneshop
Not the grids as a whole, but EV charging systems can adapt the charge rate, and thus the grid load, to what's available. This would require coordination between those systems, the other stuff that wants some of those electrons, and the substation feeding the area.
A lot of people seem to think that if this Mercedes is able to charge at 350kW, we'd need that capacity at every domestic charge socket too. Which is utterly daft. You want to charge a car at maximum power when 'filling up' at an actual roadside service station. At a domestic connection there's usually more time and less current available to charge, and the charge controller (which is in the car) can, and should, adapt to that.
Monday 16th September 2019 07:40 GMT Martin an gof
If the frequency drops past 49.5Hz limit ( 1%) , they drop entire sections of the grid off completely until balance is regained
No they don't. The "demand response" doesn't kick in until 48.8Hz in the UK - see documents I linked elsewhere. "Frequency response" - where additional generating resources (generally fast ones like huge battery farms or pumped storage) kick in automatically - starts at 49.5Hz, but the intention of the grid operator is to avoid these automatic interventions and predict demand so that they can bring additional generation - more conventional sources such as gas or coal plants - online in time to meet demand. If a pattern emerges of large grid demands around 7pm when commuting owners of EVs plug them in to charge, the grid operator will learn this and will have plant "ready to go".
The point though is that although this is the way the grid currently operates, it isn't sustainable in the situation where there are millions of vehicles all needing (let's be generous) 15 - 30kWh of top up every evening. In those circumstances vehicle chargers will need to be intelligent and - crucially - will need to co-ordinate with the grid operator to delay charging or to charge at a slower rate to avoid unsustainable peaks in demand.
Monday 16th September 2019 07:59 GMT werdsmith
The demand for masses of electricity for charge cars is also offset by reduced demand for masses of electricity to refine oil to fuel. These refineries do some of their own power generation, their excess could be put back into the grid.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:26 GMT AMBxx
They generate their own power using the fuel they're refining. There not just going to sit idle if we're refining less fuel - they'll close.
They generate some of their power from their own refine process. Sometimes they can get it cheaper.
If they get paid money to make electricity then they will make electricity..
More to the point, because we are discussing personal transport electric cars, this does not mean that oil refining is going away because there are a lot of other uses for refined crude.
Monday 16th September 2019 12:08 GMT John Robson
"No, that’s not the way electrical grids work.
Firstly, grids dont discriminate between “car” and “your employers computer system”. If demand exceeds supply instantaneously by 30% that’s a general brownout where most electrical goods don’t work."
No - but it can be the way car chargers work.
We basically have large computers which keep themselves charged and, as a side effect, allow personal transport.
The coordination is possible without resorting to changing the grid hugely - you have predictable (and potentially controllable) demand, which can also act as a balancing mechanism for the vast majority of vehicles.
Of course since new vehicles last many years before being replaced it will take a while for all those cars to be electric - at which point the early vehicle batteries will have been pulled from vehicles because the "only" have 85% of their capacity - which is fine, that battery will service household UPS or grid level storage for years to come - giving even more controllable demand/balancing.
Just because we used to use horses to travel long distances doesn't mean that cars are obviously useless and never going to work...
8 hours to feed ~15kWh... - that’s less than a kettle...
A 3kW kettle might take (umm...) two minutes to boil enough water to fill my teapot and make six mugs of tea. That's 0.1kWh (3kW * 1/30th of an hour), so 15kWh is enough to make something like 150 pots of tea which would fill 900 mugs.
I think that even the famed tea-swilling readers of El Reg would have trouble knocking back that amount of tea in eight hours!
You don't want to know the LHC energy usage expressed in kettles.
Monday 16th September 2019 09:32 GMT Anonymous Coward
Not so sure, when I go visit my mum. The amount of tea consumed must keep a clipper in trade for a month.
Monday 16th September 2019 11:27 GMT Wellyboot
As current generating capacity, transmission networks & homes are built around the historical usage pattern that has been known for decades there is no way electric cars can be added to the mix without something major changing. Millions of kettles/toasters/cookers/showers will be used at both ends of the working day and cars will just have to avoid being charged at the same time.
Overnight charging (for those with off road parking) will have to be restricted to off peak hours for decades to come.
So there's no quick fix for a 1st world middle class urban lifestyle with abundant available facilities for the current requirements without a total infrastructure overhaul.
Can anyone please give a realistic appraisal of how cities like Mumbai, Dhaka, Kinshasa & Lagos (about 50M people) could even begin to go electric in the next 50 years when they can't even manage sewage processing now?
There are 2 basic issues - (1) We have to remove 'fossil carbon' (coal & oil) as the planets primary power source. - (2) We can't stop 75% of the planet wanting (& trying very hard) to catch up with the lifestyle we've developed by using exactly that same 'fossil carbon'.
The only way I see these two being remotely reconciled by the 'balanced 2050 goal' is by building nuclear power plants (and that means western economies ponying up to build/run them in the 3rd world) & producing synthetic oil & coal from the CO2 we've been pushing out for centuries.
Once the planet CO2 is stabilised we can then move onto replacing the carbon based fuels with clean alternatives.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 02:46 GMT Anonymous Coward
In California (and I expect in many other places with similar climate and demand patterns), hourly electricity prices (see https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32172 ) tend to follow a similar shape to the net demand curve (i.e. total demand minus renewables, primarily solar and wind, aka the "duck curve"). Prices tend to be highest in the evening and night and lowest around midday and early morning. So for charging electric vehicles, it would make sense to provide charging stations at workplaces so people could charge midday, and for home charging programed for early hours of the morning. It seems entirely feasible to have smart charging stations that can be programmed to charge when prices are low, and limit current draw according to how much time is available. The main grid challenge is not so much from the size of the demand but rather the steep rising rate of the net demand ("duck") curve (around 4-7pm in the summer). If (most) electric vehicles can be programmed to charge at the bottom of the duck curve, that could conceivably flatten the curve and improve the grid situation rather than exacerbate it.
Third world cities have really no option but to try to move to electric vehicles for personal transport (hopefully they will build electric public transit systems as well), the pollution is already intolerable. That does not mean electric cars (which most cannot afford), it means electric scooters, bicycles and rickshaws. I think this is already happening.
I doubt that nuclear is a cheaper option than solar and wind for them, once all the factors (security, safety, supply and disposal of nuclear fuel, NIMBY etc) are considered. I expect buildings may start augmenting and then replacing their backup generators with batteries as they get cheaper (in many larger buildings they already have a significant backup generator capacity due to unreliability of the local grid), so they can use those batteries for when the renewable power is unavailable.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 07:45 GMT Stoneshop
That does not mean electric cars (which most cannot afford), it means electric scooters, bicycles and rickshaws. I think this is already happening.
It is, as per a recent article in the Grauniad (can't find it atm, sorry)
Wednesday 18th September 2019 15:24 GMT John Robson
Not only can few afford an electric car - few need a car at all.
Even in the UK relatively few people *need* a car. I'm sure everyone could come up with reasons why they couldn't possibly do without at least two cars in the household, but in reality it's convenience, not requirement.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 22:04 GMT Qumefox
The duck curve doesn't drop during the day because demand is less. Demand is actually the least at night and early morning when people are asleep, devices are off, lights are out, etc. The duck curve drops during the day for one reason, and you mentioned it. Renewables.. In this case, the cause is solar. If you compare duck curves from 20 or even 10 years ago, you'll notice they look drastically different from today's, and don't really have nearly as much daytime droop.
Wednesday 18th September 2019 18:42 GMT Anonymous Coward
"The duck curve doesn't drop during the day because demand is less. Demand is actually the least at night and early morning when people are asleep, devices are off, lights are out, etc. The duck curve drops during the day for one reason, and you mentioned it. Renewables."
Yes, but that's what I said. Here is the exact quote from my comment, which I think says the same thing:
"net demand curve (i.e. total demand minus renewables, primarily solar and wind, aka the "duck curve")."
My point is that smarter EV charging can flatten the duck curve (which is desirable from a grid control perspective) if it is done when the duck curve (net demand and also price) is low, not necessarily when the total demand is low.
A lot of good points but the counter argument is that if we had had more two way connected cars on the network, the blackout may not have occurred in the first place. Remember it was caused by 2 major suppliers dropping off within a minute of each other. The second supplier only just took the system over the edge - if there had been sufficient connected battery backup, the grid could well have withstood the temporary overload. The problem they had was due to rate at which extra capacity could be spun up. Battery backup can be virtually instantaneous.
Re: domestic solar contributing to the problem, again this was because very few are fitted with battery backup. When demand increases you can't just ask God to wind up the brightness of the sun and clear away all the clouds. When more cars are electric there will be a much larger supply of cheap batteries to create PowerWalls or equivalent. The 8 year life of EV batteries only refers to their life in the car because you don't want to be stranded on the roadside as a result of decreased capacity. Old EV batteries still generally have about 80-85% capacity and make very good fixed backup systems.
if we had had more two way connected cars on the network, the blackout may not have occurred in the first place
No, you missed my point about that. There already are connected battery storage systems, and they were used on this occasion, but these are managed just like power stations and are connected to the grid in a similar manner. "Embedded generation", things like solar panels on houses or a few kW of local batteries must always disconnect when there's major distruption on the grid, for safety reasons. Safety of engineers working on the line (let's say there's a power cut due to a line fault) but mainly safety to the embedded devices themselves which would suddenly find themselves feeding into something akin to a short circuit.
Imagine you are the only person in your road of (say) 20 houses with a Merc or Tesla. The battery pack may well be able to store 100kWh, but the inverter to the grid will not be able to supply anywhere near 100kW - it's more likely to be limited to 10kW or so (total guesswork). Beyond that level the components get expensive, and because they connect via the same cutout that supplies the house they will not want to risk blowing that (i.e. an ultimate limit of 14kW (60A cutout) to 23kW (100A cutout)).
If just four of your neighbours happen to be boiling 3kW kettles and there's a power cut, that's more than the inverter can handle and it will switch off regardless.
There may be mileage in using car batteries as big UPSes for individual houses, which would help (a little) but they would probably still need to shed load when the power goes off, they would also need to disconnect the house from the external network to avoid backfeeding and this in itself could cause safety problems if your earth is connected to the network neutral.
National Grid's final report is now out with a few minor revisions over the interim report. It's worth noting that the first action following the line trip was the loss of 150MW of embedded generation protecting itself from "vector shift".
Three quarters of a second later, Hornsea windfarm went offline (737MW) and one quarter of a second after that, Little Barford's steam turbine (244MW) "trip[ped] instantaneously". At the same time (as near as can be measured), a further 350MW of embedded generation disconnected due to "Rate of Change of Frequency protection".
In other words, within about one second of the line trip (not merely "within a minute"), 1,481MW had been disconnected.
There was only 1,000MW immediately available to replace that loss.
And then - a minute or so later - the remaining units at Little Barford disconnected (210MW + 187MW) due to the failure of a steam bypass valve.
I have to point out here that National Grid is (can't find the story now) actively investigating the use of small-scale battery systems such as EVs for "frequency response", but it's going to be very difficult to co-ordinate that when the system is set up for a small(ish) number of large inputs, rather than a huge number of very small units, and there's a lot more thinking and engineering needed if they could ever be considered for use as general purpose generating reserve.
Sorry, rambling. Sunday afternoon :-)
We need new tech to be designed, but no new tech to be invented. If we have a million electric cars parked at the end of suitably smart charging hardware, there will be an awful lot of grid connected batteries. How much to pay people for putting their batteries through charging cycles may be hard to work out, but I assume it will just be credit on the electricity bill.
Monday 16th September 2019 10:20 GMT Jimmy2Cows
All good until the owners of said cars want o use them after they've silently dumped their battery content to prop up the grid. In which case they either can't, or will try to fast-charge and risk overloading the grid again. I expect a significant number of owners would not leave their car plugged in, simply to avoid the risk of being unable to use it when they want/need to.
Besides, just because on average a million cars may be connected idle, doesn't mean at any given moment they'll all be connected. Not sure such assumptions would be sensible grid demand planning.
The proper solution is grid-scale generation build out to meet the demand, reliable not intermittent build out i.e. nuclear, and nationwide three-phase provision to every property that wants it.
Trouble is that's prohibitively expensive in short timescales.
All good until the owners of said cars want o use them after they've silently dumped their battery content to prop up the grid.
You really think that EV owners will allow their car's batteries to be entirely depleted in feeding back to the grid? Even if the inverter in the car would have a controller setting to feed back until exhausted, the owner won't use that setting. And ultimately frobbing in a chip that fakes the battery level to be lower than it actually is if such a 'deplete' setting would become mandated.
Also, using your car's batteries for grid support might be a possibility in the future, but AFAIK no EV has that option yet.
Sunday 15th September 2019 18:03 GMT Stoneshop
"Embedded generation", things like solar panels on houses or a few kW of local batteries must always disconnect when there's major distruption on the grid, for safety reasons.
That's right, but it doesn't need to stop your solar system charging your EV. Or just topping up your domestic battery or thermal storage; systems are increasingly designed and set up to operate that way. As long as the inverter is properly disconnected from the grid mains there's no problem with 'island' mode inverters running autonomously and delivering power to whatever can use it.
Monday 16th September 2019 09:57 GMT a_builder
This is solved more by the Economy-7 type approach.
You will be able to choose the priority of charge. Fast charge for now and pay standard rates or take a slow trickle when the grid wants to dump electricity and just tell the smart charger then you need the charged vehicle by it then turns into a very predictable supply and demand situation.
The modelling of stress on the grid is getting pretty sophisticated even at hyper local levels - it won't be perfect but it will work in the end with some experience of it going wrong.
It will be mandated that vehicle chargers will be voltage drop limited to prevent brown outs. That is pretty easy to do.
> You will be able to choose the priority of charge. Fast charge for now and pay standard rates or
It might be rather more than standard rate.
It's been decades since I've been involved in the sort of industrial wiring where you get your own substations, but back then if you drew more current that the supplier had planned for an you'd agreed to they fined you. A lot and they cut you off if you didn't pay up quickly.
You might not have the option to just "well I'll pay for fast charge" it might still be a case of "I'll pay to go onto a tier one queue".
It might be that the electrical supplier will auction off priority charging for people who feel they need it now.
It's OK I'm rich I'll go first :-)
Oh bugger my neighbour thinks he's rich, Ha, let's see I'll out bid that jumped up SoB
and a bidding war occurs.
Yes. Daily charging. But my car does around 450m on a full tank. Close to your "700km".
It takes me 5 mins to fill up. I often fill once a month.
Yes, charging daily could swap for filling monthly/weekly. But still need the infrastructure.
You know, I could go to making/using my own waste oil/biodiesel setup. It would be better, more economical, and more environmentally friendly than electric... but I don't have the space/logistics. If I did, I'd do it!
Build it, and they will come and all that. But before it's built, it's all pie in the sky.
So you drive 20 miles a day, roughly, six days a week. At an average power use of 350Wh/mile you'd be using about 7kWh per day. Which, if you trickle charge overnight, would be like running half a kettle for six or seven hours. Which doesn't need any changes to infrastructure at your end
> So you drive 20 miles a day ...
Last time I had a company car I was averaging more than a 1000miles a week and to start with I had on street parking. Somewhere near my house if I was lucky.
These days most of what I do could be covered in the usage case you say, but range requirements are very job dependent.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:42 GMT teknopaul
Re "pie in the sky".
Lot of EVs driving around right now disprove that. Right now they work for lots of people.
My bro is buying two teslas, they have solar on top of the house and expect never to visit a filling station ever again and never to pay for car energy. They dont approach 100k in a day. I rarely top 25k in my car. 500k in a day is too much I'd take a train or plane.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:48 GMT jake
Your bro is obviously quite flush. What about the rest of us poor saps?
Monday 16th September 2019 12:31 GMT Mad Mike
The number of pure EVs around at the moment is still very small in reality. Hybrids don't really count towards this, as they don't rely on the electric side; can always switch to ICE. The solar on top of the house is irrelevant to the cars unless they don't use them during the day or have installed a decent sized battery to store the generated electricity before passing to the cars overnight. In reality, you're taking about a setup there into 6 figures and that's something for the minority only. Very impractical for the majority,
Monday 16th September 2019 19:52 GMT Oneman2Many
I am guessing your brother's doesn't actually want to actually drive anywhere ? In the middle of summer I get about 30kwh in a day which equates to about 100mile range. In winter I will let you guess how much the panels are generating a day.
We recently got a 2012 Kangoo ZE in addition to a 2003 Kangoo diesel we've been using for the past eight years. Even with its limited range (~100km) we're figuring it can do at least 90% of our car rides. And even on average days the solar panels on our roof generate more than would be needed for a full battery.
There are of course costs to owning two cars, like insurance and maintenance (though no road tax for BEV for at least the coming years), but maintenance for the diesel will go down, and city centre environment zones are accessible again.
Actually, we both missed something here.
I agree that I mixed up peak power and average mileage, I got the numbers wrong. But your analysis is even more wrong.
Firstly, I said that 350kW charging was unacceptable, but anyway so was 30 kW. The article is based on a car that charges at 350kW but you casually down-scoped by a factor of 12.
“Overnight” is just not how plugging something into a socket works. Most people will typically arrive home roughly at clocking off time, synchronously, and plug in. At that time the full charging load kicks off for some length of time, even if it *theoretically could* be trickled overnight.
The *right* solution is probably to limit typical domestic charging to 10 kW (not even 30) then everything automatically trickle charges overnight. Fast charge can be allowed, but must be separately and heavily premium priced to prevent everyone doing it.
We actually agree on that side of the practical solution, you just chose to disagree for whatever reason.
Your idea that people will agree to use their car batteries as spinning reserve for the national grid voluntarily, is economic rubbish for several reasons:
1) The car battery lifetime depends on the number of charge/discharge cycles. Nobody is going to reduce the lifetime of their car to help out the grid, without both being paid a lot for it and having control over the process. And “paid” doesn’t mean per kWh, it’s paid for the capacity and capital depreciation. The grid would have to be prepared to pay every single car owner at least a thousand a year for the impact on their car. That’s paying £1000 to a customer who is only paying £500 annual total for their electricity..I don’t think the electricity company would stay in business long.....
2) Obviously, I can’t risk going empty when I want to drive, so any smart charger must limit the usage to say 10% of capacity. You actually do recognise above that this requires over-provisioning the car to compensate, to achieve the same effective range. So, you are just replacing efficiently concentrated industrial capacity, with capacity that is both inefficiently fragmented and *hauled every day on the roads*. That’s just crazy.
3) Recognising the idea as unworkable at scale, you just say “not overnight......there is time to build the extra capacity”. According to both the green lobby and car companies, the car transition should be largely complete by 2030. It would take a minimum of 20-30 years to even double our current grid capacity. So, no, there isn’t time even if we had started ten years ago.
I'd upvote this 100 times if I could.
Your point (2) is exactly why most people will never leave their car hooked up to the grid unless it needs charging. Well, maybe they'll do it until the first time they can't drive their car because it's empty, then they'll never leave it plugged in again. And they'll tell all their friends to do the same.
Monday 16th September 2019 11:20 GMT katrinab
I don't think an average number is very helpful here.
You have some retired people who take their car to the shops once a week. Those people, even if they were still burning leaded petrol, it wouldn't matter in the overall scheme of things.
Go to a petrol station. Ask the people at the pump how many miles they drive. You will get a much higher number, because people who drive more miles visit the petrol station more frequently. That is the number you need to use in your planning.
Sunday 15th September 2019 08:51 GMT Jellied Eel
This is one of those wicked problems for urban UK. Especially anyone living in 'luxury' apartments, ie those who may be able to afford to be EV early adopters. So high people-density equates to higher power density, and although their are planning restrictions on parking spaces in flat developments, it's still going to be FUN supplying Nx350kW to those car parks. Current supply system has land scattered around with enough space for traditional domestic supply transformers, not larger substations to allow car charging.
I guess the utilities could go vertical and build transformer towers on those plots, but I'm guessing that won't help for safety & maintenance.. plus neighbours would probably complain.
Sunday 15th September 2019 09:20 GMT Graham Dawson
Transformers up in the air are a prime source of fireworks in the evening. They'd also likely be illegal under the current regs.
They'd also likely be illegal under the current regs.
Plenty of pole-mounted transformers (Google Earth link) around South Wales, and in fact we had the one that feeds our village replaced no more than ten years ago. I remember the day well, the village had been on generator all day and I was in the middle of cooking chips (the proper way, in a pan on the hob) when the power went out.
Gas only came to the village about 40 years ago, so many houses still had electric cookers (we'd fairly recently moved in and hadn't yet replaced the cooker) and the generator couldn't cope with the tea-time surge, in the winter (still some houses with electric heating), in the dark. The engineers didn't dare to try restarting the generator so power stayed off until they'd finished reconnecting the new transformer a few hours later.
And the chips? Carried them over the road to a neighbour's house and finished cooking them on gas. Next priority was swapping to a gas cooker, which we preferred anyway.
New transformer it may be, but we still get power cuts.
Gas only came to the village about 40 years ago, so many houses still had electric cookers (we'd fairly recently moved in and hadn't yet replaced the cooker)
I got rid of gas hob and went to induction quite a few years ago, so I don't remember. Would definitely not willingly go back to gas.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:19 GMT sabroni
Re: Would definitely not willingly go back to gas.
You can burn gas under a pot or you can burn gas in a power station, convert it to electricity, ship the electricity to a house and then turn it back into heat to heat a pot.
How can the second ever be as efficient as the first, however good the final "electricity to heat" conversion is?
I don't think all electricity is from burned gas.
And a fossil fuel naked flame in a home? Making CO? In 2019?
So.... you're suggesting everyone with a (often perfectly functional) gas hob should upgrade to electric? Sounds expensive and wasteful.
Monday 16th September 2019 16:16 GMT Jellied Eel
Yup. And you'll also need to get rid of gas central heating.
Sadly, it's currently official government policy and will have to be done in order to meet UK (and EU) carbon reduction targets. There's a possible alternative though, namely changing the entire UK CH4 distribution infrastructure & appliances to burn H2 instead... Which would a FUN changeover to manage, not to mention producing all the H2 required to replace domestic/industrial gas heating & cooking needs.
Monday 16th September 2019 23:40 GMT Unicornpiss
I very much prefer cooking with gas vs. electric. You have more control of the heat, instant on/off, and can use any type of pan you want. Inductive electric heating is not a bad choice, but I still prefer gas. The amount of CO produced is pretty meaningless for the small about of gas used and the time your range or oven is on. I also have a gas boiler and water heater.
If the big polluters were forced to stop, then no one would need idiotic legislation against citizens in the feeble attempt to bring pollutants in line by eliminating the comparatively meager amount produced by the average household.
"And a fossil fuel naked flame in a home? Making CO? In 2019?"
Sounds good to me.
I'm damned if I'm going to throw away a perfectly working gas cooker, pay for a new cooker and to have a suitable cable run from my fusebox to the kitchen and also go and buy new saucepans and frying pans because the 20 year old stainless steel ones I've got aren't compatible with an induction hob, and still have at least a lifetime's worth of use left in them....
In the UK, a very large percentage of it is. Gas stations are quick and cheap to build and produce relatively cheap electricity with short start-up times - the main generators are basically jet engines, though the steam plant attached to the exhausts will take a little longer to get going. They release a lot less Carbon per MWh than coal- or oil-fired stations and as I write (1430 on Monday 16th September) they are currently supplying about 48% of the UK's energy needs.
Gridwatch has:
Combined Cycle Gas Turbines at 48.3%, 17.32GW
Nuclear at 18%, 6.44GW
Wind at 11.49%, 4.12GW
Solar (estimated) at 9.1%, 3.27GW
Biomass at 5.05%, 1.81GW
Coal at 2.04%, 0.73GW
and a few others such as hydro at 1% or less, oh, and just under 4½% coming in on the interconnect to France, so mostly nuclear.
Nuclear stays pretty much constant unless a plant is down for maintenance. Coal is only used occasionally in the summer and of course the amount available from wind and solar varies according to the weather.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 11:17 GMT werdsmith
Large percentage vs All.
The electricity to heat conversion is 100%, in every case, no matter what appliance you use, even one completely unsuited to heat generation.
For gas, it is also 100%, however ventilation requirements mean that some of that heat is lost.
Monday 16th September 2019 17:55 GMT Aitor 1
It can be more efficien t because heating a pot with brning gas is not very efficient, and a combined cycle power generator is.. plus induction hobs are extremely efficient.
As for the power losses.. compressing gas plus gas loses are qt least as costly as transporting electricity
heating a pot with brning gas is not very efficient
I hear this said quite a lot, but my experience of cookers over the years is that gas gets the heating going much quicker (there's a definite lag with electric heating, particularly if you start off at low power levels where most electric cookers use some kind of on-off-on system) and at full blast gas gets the stuff hot at least as quickly.
The only place I'd agree is with a modern electric kettle. Our gas kettle does take longer to heat than the electric one but of course an electric kettle differs from a pan on an electric hob as the water is essentially in direct contact with the heating surface. Induction hobs may be better but I've not spent more than a couple of minutes with one of those.
A big advantage of our gas kettle though is that it takes more water than the electric one when necessary, and that it whistles when it boils which means you never miss it boiling then have to re-boil to get the water hot enough to brew.
I got rid of gas hob and went to induction quite a few years ago, so I don't remember. Would definitely not willingly go back to gas
Have been forced to live with a glass-topped Halogen(?) style electric hob for the last 18 months. The touch controls are unresponsive if you have spilled anything or have wet hands but when the are not wet, they are so sensitive that I have seen a fly walk across them and turn a hotplate on. It takes ages to get any heat into the pan if you set it to a "simmer" setting at the outset (say I'm melting some butter) - you have to blast it with a minute of full power before reducing it, its heat doesn't spread beyond the confines of the "hotplate" so my large frying pan has warped, it's not possible to pick the pan up to (say) spread things around because you lose all connection with the heat (I imagine this'd be even worse with an induction hob) and it shuts itself off for no apparent reason sometimes in the middle of cooking.
Induction hobs sound great, but like "wireless chargers" they will lose energy in the coupling, so they are not 100% efficient as some people claim, and many of my pans will not be compatible anyway.
As soon as we get a chance we're moving back to gas which still - kWh for kWh - is somewhere between a quarter and a third the price of electricity and gives a much better cooking experience.
There must be a reason why commercial kitchens - even on ships and trains where you'd have thought electricity would be safer - are almost exclusively gas.
Oh, and I forgot. I have a couple of these, that is cast iron bakestones (meini), one of which is probably over a hundred years old, rather pitted on the heating surface and would just never heat up on a glass-topped cooker.
That is, if you didn't break the glass putting it down :-)
I use them mainly (or did, before we lost the gas) for Welshcakes. this recipe is close to the one I use, though I tend to use sultanas or raisins instead of currants, half plain and half self-raising flour and avoid the baking powder which does make fluffy cakes but also leaves a dry taste in my mouth. Anyway, the slightly flatter, denser cakes are my favourite. Lard makes a difference - some recipes use only butter, but definitely avoid recipes using margarine or oil.
Have been forced to live with a glass-topped Halogen(?) style electric hob for the last 18 months. The touch controls are unresponsive if you have spilled anything or have wet hands but when the are not wet,
My Bosch induction controls don't behave like that.
I had to use gas cooking in a holiday cottage. What PitA, especially cleaning.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 13:04 GMT Graham Dawson
Regs for substation installation in urban areas are very different to rural, particularly on matters of cable routing and grounding. Even ignoring that, there are minimum separations required between a substation and surrounding infrastructure that would be extremely difficult to meet in any reasonably built up area.
On a more general note, the electrical infrastructure in this country is in dire need of upgrade all over.
Not a problem, simply change the regs. It'd also allow pre-industrial levels of fire detection to accompany power generation. So we'd have windmills and fire beacons! Just needs re-introduction of fire wardens to keep an eye out for ol'Sparky.
But it's going to be a problem. Even if consumers try to rely on plain'ol 13A charging, it'll still require upgrades to the electricity distribution networks which are space constrained by plots available to place substations & transformers. Especially when domestic heating is decarbonised, and there'd be the challenge of charging cars, cooking, heating and people running power-showers, possibly simultaneously. I guess wealthier neighbourhoods might brown-out first if sufficient numbers decide to buy EVs and 3-phase feeds so they can fast-charge at home.
and people running power-showers
I don't really get why you would use one of those instead of a storage heater. Maybe if you're space-constrained, but otherwise? 2kW over a couple of (night-time) hours would be much gentler on the grid than everybody pulling 10..15kW during a brief morning timewindow.
Common usage uses the name "electric shower" for the sort of thing you are talking about while a "power shower" is typically run from stored water using a booster pump for volume - particularly if the plumbing is gravity-fed as used to be ubiquitous in the UK.
The arguments against storage are that there are heat losses while it is standing and that it is more efficient to heat water directly, and immediately before use. This applies to "combi" boilers and "multipoint" water heaters as well as electric showers and over-basin tap heaters.
Losing the stored water certainly saves space in a typically tiny British house or flat, and where that house is occupied by one or two people who are out at work all day, what's the point having a cylinder of water gradually cooling down?
But where there are several people living together instantaneous systems struggle to cope - even a "big" combi would find it hard to supply enough heat for one person to take a shower while another was filling a bath and a third was doing the washing up, and most domestic electric supplies aren't suitable for more than one high power electric shower unit.
Stored systems can also integrate heat from multiple sources, so for our re-build we are intending to install a cylinder capable of being heated by solar panels, immersion heaters, a gas boiler and a log-burner's back boiler all at the same time if necessary. It will store the water at a much higher than normal temperature and we'll take heat out for both taps and radiators using heat exchangers. The heat exchanger for the taps (ignore the cylinder and scroll down to the Hot Water Module) is capable of being run in parallel, so if we find one is insufficient in the morning when three people try to take simultaneous showers we can simply (well, simply-ish) add another.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 14:20 GMT Jellied Eel
I think there are other arguments. So it's not 'energy efficient' in an official sense, partly for the reasons you give. And they're also cheap, so don't make as much money for installers/maintainers as gas heaters do. So over 20yrs at my last place, the storage tank cost me about £20 for a new float valve and the same for a replacement heating element. And I could have hot water during a power cut.
But a lot of new builds don't have hot water tanks, or space for them. If you do, then your combo of solar + storage tanks is great. Especially if you can combine solar PV with thermal to pre-heat water. And of course heating elements don't care if they're being fed AC or DC given they're dumb resistive loads, which can increase efficiency/reduce costs, give or take building & wiring regs.
And perhaps most importantly, hot water tanks don't really 'waste' heat, unless they vent directly outside your property. If they're venting inside, they're contributing to warming your house. Plus if the tank(s) are inside an airing cupboard, keeps linens warm, and makes a handy spot for dough raising or booze fermenting.
ps.. if you're lucky, you may find washing machines that still have seperate hot/cold feeds, which can work out a lot cheaper than a cold-only machine having to heat water from mains temperatures.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 21:55 GMT Martin an gof
The cylinder we intend to buy will have 100mm of foam insulation so it's actually fairly efficient at keeping warm and while I understand that the heat isn't truly "lost" if it simply warms a part of the house, energy efficiency certificates don't seem to understand this and seem to penalise cylinders.
There is the argument about whether you do need that heat in the house. In the summer, probably not but you do still need the hot water.
There are very few washing machines (in the UK, at any rate) which take a hot fill these days, and unless you are careful about layout they use so little water that having a hot fill has negligible impact on the power used.
Two machines ago we had both a cylinder and a machine with a hot & cold fill. I once actually measured the difference on a 60C cycle between running the hot tap next to the machine so that it actually got hot water when it asked for hot water, and not doing so so that it got cold - the cylinder was at the diagonally opposite end of the house and the first third of the pipe run was 22mm. The difference was very small, partly because it didn't just open the solenoid on the hot. It also opened the one on the cold, which was at much higher pressure.
I'm told that "biological" powders (which we don't use but many people do) don't work well with a hot feed. Temperatures above about 50C stop them working properly, so even if you have selected a 60C wash, the machine will spend some time at 30 or 40C first, to allow the enzymes to work, before taking the temperature to 60C for a short time.
And of course, if you have a combi, even if it is next to the washer, by the time the thing has fired up and got up to temperature the machine has taken in all the water it needs.
Wednesday 18th September 2019 02:20 GMT jake
"It also opened the one on the cold, which was at much higher pressure."
How does that work, considering that you only have a single water line into the house? Shirley all the internal potable water plumbing is at the same pressure?
With that asked, all I can contribute to this conversation is what I use here: GSHPs. Provides both scalding and ice cold tap water[0], and runs the HVAC and ice maker, all for almost zero energy input at all.
[0] Or whatever temperature I want to set them to ... the system has enough control that I can reverse the hot and cold taps from the control panel.
Wednesday 18th September 2019 11:29 GMT Martin an gof
How does that work
Because traditionally (post WWII) in the UK, cold water comes direct from the mains while hot water comes from a "vented" cylinder which is gravity-fed from a header tank in the loft. Cylinders since the 1990s have more and more been pressurised cylinders fed directly from the mains, so hot water will be at the same pressure as cold unless you have to have a pressure-reducing arrangement because the cylinder (which has to have special certification and be installed by a registered engineer) can't handle it.
With a combi boiler or (as we are intending to install) a heat exchanger on the stored water, modern systems have controls that limit the flow through the heat exchangers in order to maintain the set temperature. With older systems you can find yourself juggling the tap to get it right - too much and the water runs cold, too little and it scalds. This is a particular problem if you have just balanced the thing out to fill a bath and part-way through someone decides to do the washing up.
Not sure about GSHPs... for almost zero energy input at all. How do you work that out? The best figures I've seen here for ground source heat pumps is an average gain of somewhere around 4:1, i.e. you can get 4kW of usable heat out for every 1kW of electricity you put in. Efficiency varies according to the difference between the heat source and the temperature you need. A buried system at a fairly constant 10C raising water to 45C will be running more efficiently than if you try to raise the water to 60C.
The thing is that electricity is still (approximately) four times as expensive as gas kWh-for-kWh so it's far cheaper to install, and no more expensive to run a bog standard boiler.
This is also an argument against air source heat pumps, none of which seem to claim average efficiencies greater than somewhere between 2:1 and 3:1 with efficiency in the winter - when you need them most - being lower than in the summer simply due to the lower air temperatures.
Wednesday 18th September 2019 13:09 GMT Roland6
This is a very modern (last couple of decades) thinking, where everything is fed directly off the mains riser. Which is why in modern houses damage from water leaks is much more common than in older houses...
In traditional (post-WWII) houses only the kitchen cold tape (potable water supply) and attic tank were directly fed from the (high pressure) mains riser, all other water came via the attic tank and hence were at low (ie. gravity) pressure.
The irritation is that a post-WWII plumbed home can be quite readily converted to use rain water collection (ignoring the issues about locating the tank), whereas a modern house can't.
Re: GSHPs
These along with solar-thermal mean you have to have a different attitude to "hot water" as to you it is cheap and plentiful whereas for most 'traditional' homes you have to run the boiler and burn purchased energy...
Wednesday 18th September 2019 09:18 GMT Phil O'Sophical
if you're lucky, you may find washing machines that still have seperate hot/cold feeds, which can work out a lot cheaper than a cold-only machine having to heat water from mains temperatures.
Modern machines use so little water that even the "hot" supply is unlikely to actually be running hot by the time the fill valve shuts off.
Wednesday 18th September 2019 13:36 GMT Jellied Eel
I'm guessing thats manufacturing cost reductions, ie fill a reservoir and heat it vs having a mixing system that can regulate incoming hot & cold water. Which may or may not require pressure reduction on the cold side to stop that dominating. Or just open the hot side first. But would maybe add $1 in extra components and not count for energy efficiency ratings anyway.
But that's all part of the challenge, ie hot water tanks aren't regarded as 'energy efficient', even if they're giving you free hot water from solar PV, or sinking off-peak electricity loads. Logically, an appliance that can run a 60C hot wash without having to heat from 4-5c to 60C is more energy efficient than a cold-only model.
But the ever clueless BBC is running an advertorial from Renewables UK explaining that solving these problems will cost UK consumers around £500bn to convert residential heating & cooking from gas to electric. Then again it also says-
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/extra/DmZ6C9zSsR/road_to_clean_energy
Although it feels much more modern than Martin Edward’s (wind farm) field in Cornwall, Hinkley’s is a much older technology.
Which demonstrates just how dishonest (or dumb) the BBC is when it comes to promoting all things Green given windmills were a 9th Century invention & nuclear power.. rather more modern. It's also especially dishonest given Hinkley's EPR was designed in the 21st Century, and Edwards original windmills installed in 1991.
So much for the BBC's 'fact checking'.
I'm guessing thats manufacturing cost reductions, ie fill a reservoir and heat it vs having a mixing system that can regulate incoming hot & cold water.
I think it's more related to efficient machines. An old front-loader would draw maybe 10 or more litres of water to fill a drum, plenty of time for the cold water in the pipes to be drawn and the hot to be flowing from the tank/boiler. New systems weigh their load, and draw the bare minimum required amount, could be only 5l or so. Even on a hot feed, they're still basically working with cold water.
Try turning on your kitchen tap and measuring how much water flows before it runs hot, you could be surprised.
it's still going to be FUN supplying Nx350kW to those car parks.
Car parks associated with urban housing (i.e. where people live, and more specifically sleep) don't need to turbo charge every car that's parked there, nor do they have to be charged at the same time. In most cases they don't need to be charged from nearly empty to full either.
Capacity to charge all cars parked there overnight, plus a bit of leeway so that you can have a few getting charged at max power if necessary (and their owners getting charged appropriately so people selecting that option only when they actually need it) would appear to me to be quite sufficient.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:55 GMT Clunking Fist
Eh? Don't most large-ish buildings have substations built in? Office, hotel, apartments: the louvered sections with a lightening bolt sign above the door?
Eh? Don't most large-ish buildings have substations built in?
How many of those are sufficiently overspec'ed (including the MV feed) that you can tack on a few 350kW charging points without things going frrzt (or boom, more likely)?
Maybe the charger would have to be intelligent and monitor your other loads, and turn down its power take if necessary.
I've just wired up a Type 2 EV charge point at home (3x 32A max). For a domestic feed you definitely need load monitoring, and while it's an option with this kit I have selected it. Just need to install the current transformers in the main distribution board, but as it's getting dark now it'll have to wait a bit as I don't relish working on electrics with only battery lighting if I can avoid it.
"as I don't relish working on electrics with only battery lighting if I can avoid it."
What, you prefer to work on the mains with the mains lights operating?
No, daylight, you oaf. Something that you could have easily deduced from "it's getting dark now".
Monday 16th September 2019 07:21 GMT AndrueC
But surely only a problem if you regularly drive 700 km a day. Most of us probably drive less than half that. So roughly speaking that 19 hours recharge drops to 2 hours and becomes an easy overnight charge. Presumably that would extend the lifetime of the battery somewhat as well.
Well I didn't really believe it all either.
Until I was given a Telsa S as a loaner for a couple of weeks while my usual truck was in the shop after someone Kindly drove into the back of it.
The Tesla is amazing, yes really amazing.
I've tried the various charge options 13A plug - don't bother unless you are desperate. Auto limits to 10A .....
32A commando adaptor - works pretty well as luckily we have a 32A commando in the right sort of place at the office - cheap you only pay the actual cost of the electricity.
5.5kW lampost charger - fine overnight - but you pay 24p/kW as opposed to 15p/kW for domestic.
Tesla super chargers - amazing - realistically once you have got the kids out of the car and gone for a wee and got them back in the car it is a 25 mins project so in the 25 mins the battery is back at something like 80% if you start at 20% - OK usable range is a bit limited at that to 140 miles between stops. But with small kids you would be amazingly lucky to go for more than 2 hours between stops anyway.
General verdict is it works perfectly well IRL and that was with a 75kW battery. With the 100kW battery it is easily usable for long range stuff at 180 miles between stop.
Obviously you can set the vehicle to 100% charge so your first run is 80% of batter capacity rather then the 60% I am assuming above.
Personally I suspect that battery capacity improvement will result in smaller lighter fast charging batteries rather than longer range. The light weight will increase range of itself. I simply put I don't see why the range needs to be increased much for UK use.
Anyway that is my 2p worth based on real world testing with the family.
Saturday 14th September 2019 18:46 GMT Adair
No method of storing electricity in bulk quantities will ever be developed. By anybody. Anywhere. Ever.
And rumours, or even actual reports, of any such storage method being developed, or in use? Fake news.
3 14 Reply
"No method of storing electricity in bulk quantities will ever be developed. By anybody. Anywhere. Ever."
Oh, I don't know. Pumped storage hydro comes to mind. Kind of hard to fit into an automobile, though ... even one as brobdingnagian as a Mercedes four door.
Probably why the 'national grid' was developed.
Sunday 15th September 2019 18:07 GMT John Brown (no body)
"Oh, I don't know. Pumped storage hydro comes to mind."
The few in the UK are not really what I'd call bulk storage. They can only run for a very short while.
288MW over 5 hours but can do up to 1300MW for a shorter time. I'd say it was a family size pack rather than bulk :-)
In the sense you mean it, indeed no it definitely won’t. Wind power often achieves less than 5% of its rated capacity across the whole of the U.K. for a couple of weeks at a time, so you need 30GW storage for a fortnight!
To give a feel for the safety issues of energy storage failure, for a technology like pumped hydro, it’s 1000 Dinorwigs. Look at the map of the U.K. and realise that there is nowhere you can be more than 10 miles from such a one. The risk of building them so close is unacceptable, because a dam failure would wipe out a large town with a tsunami costing tens of thousands of lives.
Dinorwig actually proves that this tech *isn’t* appropriate to cover windpower outages. If safety weren’t an issue, they would have built it closer to where the energy would be used, reducing the transmission costs, but they didn’t. It’s not just where the mountains are. Compare it with a nuclear power station. Those are also built in out-of-the-way places for safety reasons, with similar generating potential (1-2GW). But Dinorwig only generates power for 5 hours at full whack, and wind power needs 300-hour (at least) coverage to make it usable as a primary source. You need to find 60x as many safe sites for hydro as nuclear, when you think of it as wind power cover. In a country the size of the U.K. that isn’t going to happen.
Why did they build Dinorwig at all? Simple. In the old days, storage meant “for as long as it takes a coal-fired or nuclear station to spin up”, which is a couple hours, and a good match for Dinorwig’s capabilities. It’s wind and solar that make demands that can’t be met.
Ironically, we do know of one extremely stable, energy-dense storage medium, with engineering legacy. Hydrocarbon. And that’s not as crazy as it seems. If we had a means of driving carbon-capture from the atmosphere electrically into hydrocarbon, that would be a great storage tech, and then burn it in a standard gas turbine when needed. It would also be *the* grand solution for the atmospheric CO2 levels already baked in.
"Those are also built in out-of-the-way places for safety reasons,"
Not always
Sunday 15th September 2019 18:57 GMT G R Goslin
Dinorwig was designed and built as a 'peak lopping 'setup, for those times as the end of the Cup Final when the country all (or perhaps half) of the population put the kettle on. to celebrate. However, when it was sold to private enterprise, it's use changed to only supplying power when the price was at it's highest. So, probably would not have the capacity left for emergency generation, even had the price been 'right'
Re: Dinorwig
Dinorwig is also a 'Black Start' power station. This is one of the few that can self start and can be used to restart the whole grid in the event of a massive failure.
As a side note, Fiddlers Ferry, one of the last coal fired power stations will close next March.
It seems that we have enough power generation capacity for now and the immediate future.
I have to wonder how many of the informed comments posted in this threat actually come from people who own a BEV.
Once you actually own one your whole mindset changes and well, things are just not the way people describe.
I think EVs are exactly that. Huge bulk storage capacity that is mobile too.
I suspect EVs will not only be storing charge for the grid shortly but will be moving it too.
Huge bulk storage capacity that is mobile too.
For extremely small values of 'huge'. 100kWh can power a dozen houses for a day or two if they're a bit frugal, way less if cooking, showering and/or heating is electric.
For data there may be a lot of bandwidth in a stationwagon, for energy less so (unless as hydrocarbons).
Just get a few Cotswold villages to club together and buy their own nuclear power station, simples...
Re: 350kW!!,
I don’t think there will be brownouts because the system can’t be allowed to operate like that at scale.
Half the population are going to want to top-up just before they go to work, drop the kids at school, or whatever else. There are 20 million cars on the road in the U.K., not even counting the big rigs. That’s 3500 GW peak power, which is 100x the available generating capacity. restricting to 30kW charging barely touches the problem as it’s still 10x of available peak capacity. Nor does telling them to plug in when they get home in the evening - same problem, different time.
Once electric cars become more than a minority sport for the 0.1%, people simply can’t be allowed to decide when to charge their car. You will have an allocated time each day. There is no other way, this is a limitation of the tech. To be fair, it probably won’t look exactly like that to the consumer - more like overnight trickle-charging at reasonable prices; plus on-demand charging for emergencies but the price per unit would be quadruple to 10x base-price.
So, the *real* irony is that the whole concern of “how long does it take to charge” will just disappear, because electricity will be re-priced to prevent people convenience-charging.
Saturday 14th September 2019 21:55 GMT Doctor Syntax
"There are 20 million cars on the road in the U.K."
I thought it was 30 million so even more pessimistic.
Wish I'd taken the time to read down the thread a bit before replying this morning :-)
We came to pretty much the same conclusion, though you somewhat more succinctly, namely that the current free-for-all situation simply isn't sustainable if more than a very few people have all-electric cars, so charging will have to be intelligent and controlled in the future. Ultimately this could be seen as "rationing".
Is anyone planning for this? Is there some kind of industry body or government department (sorry, of course not) looking into this, or are we going to end up in a situation similar to that currently the case with smart meters?
Daft question.
so charging will have to be intelligent and controlled in the future. Ultimately this could be seen as "rationing".
I can just imagine getting home from work, plugging in, sitting down to dinner and the phone rings. Some sort of emergency (child needs urgent picking up/family member rushed to hospital/any of many other scenarios, except you go to the car to find the charger said no, and it's not even started charging yet, let alone tricked some in over the last hour or two. I'll bet most people have had those sort of "I need the car NOW" situations over the years, especially if you have/had teenage kids or very elderly parents/grandparents.
"I'll bet most people have had those sort of "I need the car NOW" situations over the years"
Over the years? Try at least once per week!
Yes, I had a situation like this on Saturday. I want to jump into my petrol/hybrid car but I couldn't because I had drank half a bottle of wine. So I got a neighbour to drive.
Oh, I see. You'll happily burn gas/petrol when it suits you. You don't really want an all electric car existence after all. There is a word for that ...
Makes zero sense Jake. There's a word for that too.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:54 GMT eldakka
That would only be an issue if you tended to drain the battery down to near zero before charging.
Typically, if you trickle-charge every night, then an average daily commute would still leave you with 80%+ charge. Note, this is typical/average, i.e. urban dwellers, yes there are exceptions for people who live in remote areas, or have high usage (e.g. delivery drivers, etc.).
Therefore it is unlikely you'd have to charge before dashing off to some urgent pickup for a typical person.
And if you were out of charge for some reason, then there's always walking/biking (if not too far) or friends/neighbours/relatives/public transport/taxis if it truly is an 'emergency'.
Your battery won’t last very long if you charge to 100% every night.
More normally 80%.
Before a long journey you can do 100%.
But your general point is sound that as with a ICE car you don’t run to empty!
Also charge rates are fastest and most efficient on emptier batteries and the last few percent are painfully slow.
Monday 16th September 2019 21:42 GMT John Brown (no body)
"But your general point is sound that as with a ICE car you don’t run to empty!"
Most EVs have the equivalent of a 2 Gallon tank!
"Typically, if you trickle-charge every night, then an average daily commute would still leave you with 80%+ charge."
You keep talking about this "average daily commute". Few people do that. There are large numbers of city dwellers who drive as little as 1-2 miles each way, skewing the average right down to an "average" of 10 miles per day (each way). But you are ignoring the similarly large numbers who do a more than 10 miles (each way) and especially those significant numbers who do 50+ miles each way every day. I can't find the link now, but a Gov report from about 2015 or so showed the graph and it was not a bell curve. It was more like a side view of a saucer (sans cup of tea)
Having said that, the same report did show that the numbers of people commuting had reduced a little over the previous 10 years and the fewer people were commuting for a full 5 day week. But that was 4 years ago. Things may have changed, trends could be continuing or reversing now.
"except you go to the car to find the charger said no, and it's not even started charging yet," So you drain your battery most days? That would be risky, so I would either buy a car with bigger batteries, or stick with a car that burns dead dinosaurs.
or stick with a car that burns dead dinosaurs.
Yes, burning live dinosaurs is likely to run into a problem or two.
"So you drain your battery most days?"
That's a reasonable assumption to make since most EVs have a limited range. December, headlights and heating on both to and from work, work is 30 miles away. Sounds perfectly doable, even with a 90-100 mile range on a full charge (range of many EVs). That's how a lot of people will see it. Until that time you have that emergency and there's barely 20 miles of range in the car because the smart charger isn't going to switch on 'till 2am.
As per another reply upthread, many EVs barely have the equivalent of a 2 Gallon tank and smart chargers on a smart grid may well not allow you to charge up as soon as you get home.
Monday 16th September 2019 11:24 GMT Fred Dibnah
Re: Is anyone planning for this?
The Electric Nation project, which ran until recently, provided usage info so the power companies could see what impact charging will have on the grid at larger scale. They provided free home chargers to EV owners, with internet connectivity to allow them to monitor and control the charging. I had a phone app which showed me the charging rate, and it was set to give a low priority slow charge but with the option to request a faster charge if I wanted to fill up in a hurry. IRL that would incur a higher price per kW, and for the project they used the 'carrot' of Amazon vouchers instead. Once the project finished the internet connection was removed so now I charge at full speed, although I could delay and/or reduce the rate via the car itself if I wanted to.
Since July 1st all new home charger installations have to have the ability to be 'smart' (ha) and allow the charging rate to be controlled remotely, in the same way mine was. This, of course, also allows the usage to be monitored and taxed, as it surely will be to replace the fuel duty that will be lost from ICE cars. I'm hanging on to my dumb charger, thanks :-)
That won't be an issue, parliament already wants to ban private car ownership in favour of "usership" i.e. pay per use (and you know the cost will be eyewatering to "incentivise a modal shift onto public transport" aka mass transit "by rebalancing the cost equation away from private car use")
and all to "save the planet"
More like to make sure the motorways are clear so the "honourable members" can shoot down at 150mph now that the proles aren't in the way.....
'parliament already wants to ban private car ownership"
Here in the States, if a politician were to even bring that up as a "what if", s/he'd be tarred & feathered and run out of town on the rail. The bastards know it, too.
The US is more difficult, at least partly because of the distances involved, but it wouldn't be impossible in the UK to imagine a situation where public transport can take over most normal journeys. Most of the country will never be as well-provided as London is at the moment - but judicious re-openings of branch railways (maybe as light rail or even dedicated bus routes) could go a long way towards reducing most people's reliance on the car.
You couldn't outright "ban" private car ownership - particularly in rural areas such as the Scottish highlands or mid Wales - but most people living in urban or sub-urban environments could probably be provided for with well-planned improvements to public transport, and it's possible that a fairly easy reduction from one-car-per-adult to one-car-per-household could be made.
There would be other complications of course. My current 45-mile (one way) commute, for example, would take me at least two hours by public transport (20 minutes on the bus, 90 minutes on two trains, 10 minute brisk walk) and cost just under £25 at peak time (one way). It would mean I wasn't as flexible as I am at the moment about starting early or working late. A re-opened branch line might knock 10 minutes off that journey as it so happens I live near a closed line which would go more directly to the town's station than the bus does, but realistically I would be looking for a new job closer to home.
My wife could get to her "base" quite easily by public transport - though it would take her nearer an hour than the 20 minutes it takes to drive. She does a lot of work "in the community", some days travelling 50 or 60 miles from base, but this could potentially be handled if her work provided a pool car, though with current mainstream technology a battery car would be marginal.
We live in a semi-rural location and I don't think we could manage without a car at all (there's only so much shopping you can do online), but down to one car could have potential given some changes to public transport...
Monday 16th September 2019 14:45 GMT Adelio
Not everyone lives in a city or works in the same town they live in. (Or close to public transport).
People livingin London would probaby be OK, after all, driving in Central Lodon is not really a good idea.
But public transport (if it exists) can ofter be many times slower than cars and far less reliable.
public transport (if it exists) can ofter be many times slower than cars and far less reliable
Which was sort of my point, however there are ways public transport could be improved to make using it easier, but they'd only be viable if people wanted to use them which sort of implies some kind of coercion and a chicken-and-egg situation.
For example, there are vague plans to re-open the branch line I mentioned earlier which runs near my house. It would directly connect Caerphilly to Newport and enable a lot more people to consider commuting by train than do at present.
There are much more firm plans to vastly increase capacity on the valley lines. The one that runs through Caerphilly currently only has one train per hour into Cardiff from the extremity of the line at Rhymney, with three more per hour originating and terminating several miles down the line at Bargoed. Part of the improvement plan (which also involves buying new trains) will see that increase to four per hour from Rhymney and an additional two from Caerphilly.
Trains running more often from Rhymney, and with an increased overall capacity on the line, makes commuting into Cardiff (which a lot of people do) by public transport more viable. It also make leisure use of the line more viable.
That said, nothing beats London's underground where some platforms see a train arrive every ninety seconds. Dream on!
Horse drawn cart driver is talking about these new horseless carriage automobiles.
"they will never catch on. Nobody is going to want to go into town to buy petroleum spirit from the chemist shop when every livery, stable, inn, farmyard has can give me oats and hay."
Could you imagine in 1907 the network of pipelines that move fuel around the UK (I think mostly constructed for WW2 effort) the six massive refineries and dozens of filling stations in every town all being resupplied daily by giant tanker trucks? Imagine the effort to build that infrastructure from scratch today?
I think developing charging infrastructure over the next three decades will be much easier. And that's without whatever breakthrough is round the corner - as I am aware of a lot of R&D going into this.
"I think developing charging infrastructure over the next three decades will be much easier. And that's without whatever breakthrough is round the corner - as I am aware of a lot of R&D going into this."
The current plan, in place, is to ban the sale of new ICE cars by 2040, only 2 decades away, with serious consideration being given to bringing that date forward to 2032, just 13 years away. This will mean people moving from ICE cars fairly rapidly well before whichever cut-off date is used. I'd say we have no more than a decade to have a decent infrastructure in place. Since wind, solar and tidal don't look too great for base load, I wonder how long it will take to get planning permission for a few more nuclear generators. Oh, and paying for/building them too.
The place I work, which is strongly associated with the automotive industry, just installed a half dozen charging stations for free use by employees. You also get the nice benefit of a close parking spot probably because no one wanted to run more wire and have the associated voltage drop.
That said, we are not a manufacturing plant, but still use just under 2MW when no one is even in the building. We have 2 of our own substations feeding the facility. Even a 350KW draw would barely be registered, no more than someone using a toaster in their home.
What concerns me as electric vehicles are more widely adopted, is homeowners with aging infrastructure plugging their cars into ill-maintained outlets in their garages, etc. (I picked the flame icon for good reason)
Bully for you, and how many company car parks have NO charging points (My company for a start) And say you have 100 car parking places and half a dozen charging points. Not much help for the 94 other cars!
"You also get the nice benefit of a close parking spot probably because no one wanted to run more wire and have the associated voltage drop."
How many staff park in the car park? What happens when there are more than 6 EVs? Are your parking spaces still free? Some towns and cities now charge extra business rates on a per parking space basis, the money being spent on public transport. The amounts are quite significant and some areas, eg Nottingham, have drive some businesses out and others to pass on much of the extra cost to the staff using the spaces.
It's good that your employer is trying, but will they be so willing when every parking spot contains an EV?
Tuesday 17th September 2019 00:09 GMT Unicornpiss
"What happens when there are more than 6 EVs? Are your parking spaces still free?"
When there are more than 6 EVs, people will have to start getting there early or learn to share. All the parking spaces are free and there are plenty for the whole staff and visitors.
When there are more than 6 EVs, people will have to start getting there early or learn to share.
All stick, no carrot? That never works.
half dozen charging stations for free use by employees
Benefit in kind tax, for the parking space and the electricity? Not free...
Even a 350KW draw would barely be registered,
But "half-a-dozen" 350kW draws would double your existing 2MW at idle. How many employees do you have? How many charge points would you need for all the ones who come by car?
But "half-a-dozen" 350kW draws would mean that half a dozen employees have been able to buy this Mercedes.
Somehow I don't think they'll be able to do so on short notice.
Monday 16th September 2019 13:17 GMT Velv
There's a DeLorean in Hill Valley that takes a 1.21GW charge
Nah, it's input is measured in JiggerWatts and if I recall correctly from my drinking days, a Jigger is quite a small measure.
PS, I think you just took my coat.
Tesla Model 3 was the UK's third most popular car purchase
er... what?
Re: Tesla Model 3 was the UK's third most popular car purchase
My first thought too. I wonder if they meant "Tesla Model 3 was the UK's third most popular EV car purchase" but even that seems a bit hard to believe.
I could believe the "third most popular EV car" - assuming you discount hybrids. I see quite a lot of Teslas on the road these days, even in South Wales which is not renowned for quantity of high end cars (though there's quite a lot of Jaguars at the moment). I see a lot more Leafs (Leaves?) but am struggling to think of other pure EVs that are common.
Perhaps the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders might have useful information?
Yes, there's a lot there.
Just taking 2019 to date, and assuming that "other imports" is all Tesla (which of course it isn't), they don't come close to being third, with a mere 0.34% of the market (though up from 0.19% last year). They are 18th on the list and are beaten by Nissan (2.51%), Honda (2.80%), Hyundai (2.90%), Skoda (3.03%) etc. etc., up to Audi (9.79%), Ford (11.63%) and Volkswagen (12.24%).
If you assume that all Battery Electric Vehicles are Teslas (of course they aren't), they aren't even third by technology, though they are fifth behind Plug-in hybrid, Hybrid, Diesel and Petrol.
Top ten for all sales so far in 2019 is:
Maybe something for Tim Harford?
Sunday 15th September 2019 13:08 GMT IGotOut
It's most likely one of those fudge stats. Where the each individual model is broken down e.g. the 1/2 dozen or so Fiestas each count as a seperate model
"It's most likely one of those fudge stats. Where the each individual model is broken down e.g. the 1/2 dozen or so Fiestas each count as a seperate model"
It's about new car deliveries so more likely that the cars became available and were delivering a long back order list all at the same time. The actual orders placed for these cars goes back years, so they should really be counted at the time of order rather than delivery.
"(though there's quite a lot of Jaguars at the moment)."
It's odd that mention that. I've also noticed what seems like a vast increase in the number of Jags on the roads this last 6 months or a year or so.
Sunday 15th September 2019 10:37 GMT EdFX
No they're right, 3rd most popular period. This months sales.
From the links I posted earlier, for August 2019
Petrol : 59,019 units sold
Diesel: 24,484 units sold
Hybrid: 4,014 units sold
Battery Electric: 3,147 units sold
And in case it needs restating, Tesla sales are only a small part of "Battery Electric" sales. At best Tesla's fourth.
Monday 16th September 2019 00:14 GMT DJO
I think it should read:
"Tesla Model 3 was the UK's third most popular car purchase in the mid-luxury class"
That is cars roughly between £30,000 and £60,000
That might make sense, but would still surprise me given the competition in that part of the market from Audi, Mercedes, BMW, Jaguar, Lexus and so-on and so-on. In fact it's not difficult to specify a "normal" car up to £30,000 - some top-end Golfs, for example.
Monday 16th September 2019 11:33 GMT Dapprman
Re: Tesla Model 3 was the UK's third most popular car purchase - Not even luxury
As above, the only thing I can think of is electric - looking at the official figures Tesla come under Other Imports, not sure who else is in there, and Audi, BMW and Mercedes have way larger figures.
What will not help Tesla is the fact that within the next 3-6 months there is a whole bunch of new, mainstream manufacturer, electric cars and updated electric cars due out. The Tesla 3 was heavilly hypes and the pre-ordering meant good delivery/purchase prices July through to October/November, after which they will become reliant on regular sales against the new Mini, Vauxhal/Opel Corsa, server Peugots, updated Renault, new Mercedes, VW ID range, ...
can squeeze 700km from a single full battery charge
700 or "up to 700", when tested in a "special testing chamber"?
Saturday 14th September 2019 18:28 GMT alain williams
Re: can squeeze 700km from a single full battery charge
In units that I can understand: that is 435 miles.
Do they have a special testing chamber with 435 miles of RealWorld roads and a fair-to-reasonable analogue of my right foot?
Saturday 14th September 2019 20:49 GMT Neil Barnes
At 2C (with heating) or 32C (with aircon cooling)?
Sunday 15th September 2019 09:33 GMT Ropewash
Central Canada here...
How about -40C with all heating/defrost on full?
Not that I've broken my google fingers, but I'm lazy. What is the rated charge % for EV batteries at -40? I know from bitter experience that a lead-acid lasts for about 15 seconds of starter use at that temp before dying.
Not sure if they still do, but Nissan UK used to have a "range calculator" on their website where you could adjust for external temperature, usage of heaters, coolers, lights and types of roads. Very UK-centric (I am pretty certain it didn't go down to -40C) but might give you an idea.
I have similar problems in that my commute is somewhere around 90 miles round trip, so you'd think a car with 120 to 150 mile range (e.g. Leaf) should be fine, but in the winter when it's cold, dark and probably wet, when over half of my commute is on motorways and when the battery is 5 years old that 150 mile range is suddenly very optimistic.
but in the winter when it's cold,
Yes, that eats into your range. But at least some EVs can be fitted with a diesel-fueled heater.
dark and probably wet,
Our Kangoo ZE runs the lights and the other non-traction stuff on a hefty conventional 12V battery. Which lasts well beyond the traction battery range.
when over half of my commute is on motorways and when the battery is 5 years old that 150 mile range is suddenly very optimistic.
Winter eats range of a normal car. My last petrol car would commute into the office doing about 50mpg on warm summer mornings. On sub zero winter mornings I would be lucky to get 40mpg.
20% drop in range between winter and summer is not just an electic car thing.
That's odd. I get better fuel economy when it's cold out. Denser air charge makes for a more efficient engine.
I find (small Diesel car) two noticeable effects on range. One is rain. If the roads are wet - particularly the motorway - the car uses more fuel, I suppose because the rolling resistance is higher.
The other is a step-change usually sometime in November, and another one in perhaps late February. I have absolutely no evidence to back this up, but remember how Diesel always used to "freeze" in the winter? How we'd see news footage of lorry drivers lighting fires under their fuel tanks? Why does that never happen now? Is it because there's a special, slightly thinner, "winter mix" of Diesel being sold?
If there is, then that might explain at least a part of the "step change" I see in the winter, though obviously more use of lights, heaters, even air-con and (on average) wetter roads all contribute.
Tuesday 1st October 2019 23:17 GMT CountCadaver
You are correct - in the UK we run summer and winter blends of diesel due to summer diesel "waxing" at temps around 0-minus 5C, winter diesel is ok down to around minus 15C in the UK
Other nations winter diesel goes colder and some places have arctic diesel which goes down to REALLY cold, however its only suitable for some diesel engines, some common rail engines won't run on it as it doesn't have the same lubricity as summer or winter blends.
Basically winter diesel is diesel mixed with additives (used to be kerosene but might be diff now) which don't have the same energy value so hence you get lower mpg in winter.
Usually gets sent out to filling stations from now onwards to make sure filling station tanks all have winter diesel in them by the "official" start in November, stays on sale till around March, where deliveries of summer diesel recommence.
In Australia, its possible to fill up with diesel in Sydney, take the car up to the blue mountains to go skiing and come out in the morning to a car that won't start....reason being that the blend on sale in Sydney is for hot temperatures with a relatively high wax point, whereas blue mountains can get down to around 0C or colder overnight and the diesel for sale in that area is blended to handle colder temperatures.....
Your engine has to get up to temperature to be efficient. And then it has to push your car through that denser air.
Tuesday 17th September 2019 15:38 GMT DJO
Unless your Kangoo has a separate engine and alternator to charge the "conventional 12V battery" where the hell do you think it gets charged from? They use an isolated system because the traction gear runs at a different voltage but the power ultimately does come via the traction battery.
Unless your Kangoo has a separate engine and alternator to charge the "conventional 12V battery" where the hell do you think it gets charged from?
The charge socket, where else? A fully charged 12V 70Ah battery can run the lights, wipers, ventilation, instruments and radio much longer than the traction battery can run the engine. And every time you hook up the car to a charger, the 12V battery gets charged too. Simple.
Sunday 15th September 2019 23:26 GMT CountCadaver
My cellphone lasted about 10 minutes at minus 25C, ended up having to shift it to an inside pocket on my jacket to let the battery warm up.....
and that was a Lithium Ion battery.
5062.006 Brontosauruses.
Monday 16th September 2019 12:24 GMT Spanners
units that I can understand
You must be older than me then. I have to either use mental arithmetic or a phone app to "get the feel" of miles/feet/inches and the rest of the imperial system.
Mind you, imperial weights and volumes are even more incomprehensible.
Saturday 14th September 2019 22:19 GMT Roland6
>"from a single full battery charge"
I think we are going to see much more of this misleading phrase, as vendors adjust battery capacity to fit a price point or to grab a headline:
Mercedes-Benz:350kW of "charging system" aka batteries to deliver 700km
Telsa Model S: 100kW of batteries to deliver 595km
It is clear the Tesla is the more efficient vehicle being capable of delivering 5.95km per kW, compared to the MB 2km per kW.
Saturday 14th September 2019 23:57 GMT JassMan
@Roland6
I think you are confusing power and energy. the 350kW is the max charge rate. Like the Tesla, the Merc has a 100kWh battery. Since it does and extra 100km ish, that makes the Merc more efficient.
Since it does and extra 100km ish, that makes the Merc more efficient.
Question that springs out for me is 'how?', ie how have Mercedes made their EV so much more efficient than Tesla. The answer I suspect is engineering vs hype.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:41 GMT handle with cane
My guess: less aero drag, i.e. the Merc doesn't look like the result of a brick having sex with a pair of trainers.
Sunday 15th September 2019 19:13 GMT Roland6
@JassMan - I think you are confusing power and energy.
Actually, probably more accurate to say totally confused as in my (admittedly brief) web search neither were really up front about their battery details. I think this is going to be one area which will need some form of government driven internation standard, so buyers can compare apples with apples.
to project graphics onto the road surface ahead
read: ads
Saturday 14th September 2019 19:07 GMT Bendacious
Re: to project graphics onto the road surface ahead
I have many times wanted to message other drivers on the road (beyond sign language). Every time I think about it I quickly realise what a terrible idea it would be. The message I want to display most is the question "who are you overtaking?" to cars sat in the middle lane. If a car has the ability to project images onto the road how long will it be until it is 'upgraded' by a driver to display custom messages. I would say 'this won't end well' but I can't see it ever being legal, at least in the UK.
I agree about the angst caused by middle-lane zombies.
But just to balance the angst with the reality that not infrequently hanging out in the middle lane is a lot less stressful than trying to inhabit the 'slow lane' whilst constantly dodging artics, drivers incapable of reaching the 70mph limit and slip lane dragsters aiming for tiny gaps.
Truly, it's hell out there, which ever is your preferred lane.
Saturday 14th September 2019 18:37 GMT Roopee
Shame it's so ugly.
As an aside, I'm looking forward to the council installing kerb-side sockets outside all the local terraced houses so we ordinary people can charge our electric cars without trailing extension leads across the pavement. Like that's going to happen.
More likely double yellow lines around all residential streets to force people to either have a drive or better (for the council) to have to use their metered car parks...
Saturday 14th September 2019 18:49 GMT c1ue
So $40,000 to $75,000 in batteries, plus EU0.30 per kwh = 30 euro per charge up vs. 1.40 euro per liter for gasoline.
Not at all clear that this is a win - even at German gasoline prices.
Average german fleet mileage is 13 km per liter, so 700 km reach = 75.4 euro in gasoline vs. 30 euro per charge plus the capital and interest costs of 36K to 67K euro in batteries.
Yep, definitely luxury.
Don't be siily! That's entry level, not luxury!
(Says the guy who gets around town in a stretched, chauffeur driven Mercedes Limo, and hasn't actually driven a car on the roads since roughly 1995).
Sunday 15th September 2019 00:13 GMT Dig
No Need to Panic
Are you assuming everyone would need a complete fill up every day at 350GW chargers.
Average mileage per car per year is about 7500miles or 12000km. this is only 32Km/day. The car mentioned can do this in approx 100/700*32 or 4.5KWh a more realistic gold id.3 will do this in 8KWh. 23million registered cars = 184GWh per day, a lot of these will be overnight so assuming it averages at a 8 hour charge this will mean a maximum of 23GW/hr is required, this is quite easily achieved on the grid at the moment, and considering they will have 10-20 years before this capacity is fully reached and during that time the BMW type of efficiency may be achieved along with reductions in other energy usage, this should be easy. Of course there will be HGVs as well being replaced needing a bit more but my guess would be a lot of people would start installing solar PV with local battery storage which would reduce the load required on the grid.
Re: No Need to Panic
No, you’ve missed the hidden assumption, in the phrase “a lot of these will be overnight”
It’s *possible* to make it work, but it will be an epic ClusterFK unless someone actually manages the technology correctly.
“Overnight” is not how plugging something into a socket works today. Most of the population gets home at (roughly) clocking off time, and will plug their car in when they get home for “overnight topup”. But the plug doesn’t *know*. The entire topup would happen within 10 minutes after they get home, at 350kW per car, pretty much synchronously across the country. Immediate catastrophic blackout.
The way to manage this, is simply to limit the *average domestic* charging to 10kW, so it automatically spreads the load overnight. And coincidentally doesn’t require change to the domestic infrastructure.
It’s fine to have a fast-charge plug, but it has to be priced at premium if not punitive levels to prevent people lazily using it as the typical case.
Sunday 15th September 2019 16:15 GMT chr0m4t1c
Overnight is exactly how plugging something into a socket can work today. Most EV/plug in hybrids can be set to only charge at set times *and* in some cases that can be combined with GPS location - so, for example, you can make sure the vehicle only charges overnight when at home, but can charge any time it's plugged in when away from home.
My washing machine and dishwasher have timers, I set them to run overnight on cheap electricity so they finish about the time I get up.
You could even offer people especially cheap power at staggered times to encourage them to set stuff up properly, rather than your solution of overcharging them to behave.
Some problems are not impossible to solve, including the one that figuring out that the 350kW charging system in the article is not likely to be a domestic system - in the same way that the Tesla 120kW chargers aren't.
>My washing machine and dishwasher have timers, I set them to run overnight on cheap electricity so they finish about the time I get up.
Unless you are running a laundrette and/or have other high use electrical applicances running (eg. stoage heaters, hot water tank), I suspect your annual electricity bill is larger than if you used the standard tariff.
10Kw at every home would take out the grid, its only built to handle something like houses using 30% of max load...substations kick out 3 phase, and at street level houses are connected to different phases, hence why in some streets losing a phase takes out every 3rd house and in others it would take out every 3rd row.
Substation fuses are 400 or 600Amps per phase, large area covered by the substation could have it covering 400-600 homes easily...so something like 30amps per home sustained loading...
"Average mileage per car per year is about 7500miles or 12000km. this is only 32Km/day."
Is it? Last time I looked a few year ago, The AA were quoting 11,000 miles per year as an average. But in this case, we are not talking about an average across the population because we are nor including the low mileage run-about-town cars used for the school run and shopping. We only talking about very high end, high capacity luxury cars. The average users annual mileage could be very different, either up or down.
Is it the average mileage per car with so many multi car households, the mileage per driver can be a higher figure of it is spread across more than one car. Mine certainly is.
Department for Transport gives the mileage per year figure. Not sure the AA can claim to be any authority on these things.
Sunday 15th September 2019 03:13 GMT Maltese Phil
You can buy an 18 year old S class for around £2k these days. In 18 years time will the LED lights and touchscreens still work on these EQS?
Don't see why not, a guy near me as a 2003 Jaguar XJ with touch screen in the dashboard that still works and LED tail lights that still work.
Do touch screens and LED lights fail sometimes? Yep, but I don't see how that's significantly different from incandescent lights or mechanical switches to be honest.
In fact, if they don't fail in the first five years (suggesting a build defect), then I'd expect them to be more reliable.
"Do touch screens and LED lights fail sometimes? Yep, but I don't see how that's significantly different from incandescent lights or mechanical switches to be honest."
Other than the cost of replacement and the hope that essential display indicators are not part of it so you can at least still drive the car.
Monday 16th September 2019 05:32 GMT Neil Barnes
Touch screens in cars have *never* worked. They're an ergonomic disaster...
I would definitely agree with this. There is no way that repeatedly poking a piece of glass with a finger tip to change heating temp or audio volume is even close to a quick twist of a rotary knob.
They're an ergonomic disaster...
...but for the manufacturers, an economic miracle.
Sunday 15th September 2019 08:16 GMT Pascal Monett
"a driver could project the arrows and so on in front of the car"
Just what we need, encumbering the roads with projected images. What could possibly go wrong ?
What's wrong with heads-up display ? Why do we have to absolutely bother everyone around with our little problems ?
I blame Twitter.
Re: "a driver could project the arrows and so on in front of the car"
and it'll all be legal as its a "characteristic of the vehicle as intended by the manufacturer"
Sunday 15th September 2019 09:42 GMT itzman
100kWh?
Ok, I'll buy that. That's about what - 10 litres of diesel? 2.19 gallons?
700km? That's around 437.5 miles
200 miles per gallon equivalent.
OK even with a power train at 90% instead of 30% efficient that's still pushing 66mpg equivalent.
Especially lugging that much battery around
But how long wail a fast charged battery last?
50 charges?
Before it's lost half its capacity?
I really don't see it.
Re: 100kWh? @itzman
Are you still living in the last century? Battery technology and its controllers is progressing at a very fast pace now there is an incentive. Power density, kWh/kg and life cycle have improved tremendously in the last 5 years. 200mpg equivalent is easily achievable now. One of the main things petrol heads forget is that every time you accelerate in an IC car, all the energy is lost when you brake. In an EV energy lost in braking is recovered for use in the next acceleration.
Battery life is now quoted as 8 years minimum and even then, an end of life battery will have 80-85% capacity. You can then reuse the battery rather than recycle the battery in a power standby system for another decade or 2.
Sunday 15th September 2019 10:15 GMT Al fazed
BOLLOXS
Can someone please discuss how using fucking great batteries makes this dick embiggening fad carbon nuetral ?
Al fazed
Re: BOLLOXS
I don't think it's about carbon so much as it is about local air quality in congested urban areas.
Because the vehicle is not blowing out poisonous gas right in the vicinity of lots of human lungs.
And at the traffic speeds where this is most important, tyre wear is minimal and regenerative brakes are less abrasive so particulates are not part of the problem.
What a pointless exercise..
First off, the full empty-to-80% recharge will need a mother of a supply to make it work for more than one car, or some way of creating a supply buffer.
Secondly, although electricity is going to be the main energy provider of the future, sticking it in batteries will require better batteries. Lithium has a couple of problems, one of which is that when it starts burning, the fire brigade can do exactly nothing to extinguish it other than dragging it into a container and let it exhaust itself - I was recently informed this could comfortably take two days or more. This potentially means that E-cars could end up being banned from things like Eurotunnel and maybe even underground garages as that sort of long term fire can cause grave structural damage.
I see more mileage (pardon the fun) in either hydrogen conversion or the electro fuel experiments where they combine gathered CO2 and electricity power into fossil fuel replacements from kerosine to petrol and diesel. It appears Germany is well ahead in that, and it has as main advantage that we already have the infrastructure in place for it. What is still missing is a good supply of power as solar and wind are by no means enough, but that is slowly being solved as well.
I will not buy an E-car just yet.
Re: What a pointless exercise..
How about a giant wave power install in the Atlantic...
And Petrol does not just burn, it can explode. That is far more dangerous than a battery fire.
H2 is a dead duck and has been for years. How much CO2 and Methane is given off making it in the sort of quantites that would be needed to power an entire fleet. Most H2 used these days comes from Oil and Gas so naturally the big Oil companies would love it to be the fuel of choice.
How does lugging a highly pressurised container of H2 around with you compare to a Lithium battery?
Those containers really do go boom in a big way.
Conventional fires (petrol, wood, natural gas, coal) need oxygen, and the common method of extinguishing such a fire is to starve it of oxygen and/or cooling the fuel to a temperature below its ignition point. Which is old hat for any fire department.
Battery fires are utterly different, as those are converting the stored energy directly into heat. If you have cells shorting internally you can't stop it, and only cool them (to try prevent the undamaged cells joining in the fun) until the stored energy is exhausted.
Monday 16th September 2019 08:41 GMT Daytongarmin
Reminds me of Henry Ford
All this reminds me of a Henry Ford quote, “You can’t build a reputation on what you are going to do”.
Re: Reminds me of Henry Ford
and his other quote about the exhaust smoke & smell - ' They'll just blow away in the wind'
That was a century ago. Nowadays, it appears that you can.
Monday 16th September 2019 12:41 GMT Andytug
My phone already charges intelligently..
If you plug it in during the day, it knows you want full charge asap and goes to 90% in about an hour (then does the last 10% more slowly). For night charge it learns from (presumably) your alarm settings and your activity, and charges much more slowly, targeting 100% for when you get up (I guess this is to help battery longevity/cut heat build up etc). Shouldn't be hard to make an EV do the same based on learning your normal commute/usage patterns.
Re: My phone already charges intelligently..
Key difference is the car needs to be available as and when needed (assuming public transport options are unavailable/unsuitable/inadequate etc.).
If you need to go somewhere urgently and your phone's not charged you can leave behind, or take it with you and charge it in the car.
Can't really pick up your car and take it with you to charge on the way.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3142
|
__label__wiki
| 0.551172
| 0.551172
|
Video · September, 2011
Stories about Video from September, 2011
Macedonia: Protests Against Police Brutality Continue
Eastern & Central Europe30 September 2011
Several hundred persons continued the street protests against police brutality in Skopje on September 29. With only two exceptions, the Macedonian media largely obeyed the embargo on covering the protests.
Cameroon: Calm Before the Storm?
Sub-Saharan Africa29 September 2011
Cameroon's presidential election will take place on October 9, but the lack of stake in the outcome felt by the general population is leading to a lack of interest. The...
Cuba: A Tireless Defender of Gay Rights
Francisco Rodríguez Cruz is a Cuban journalist and activist who for over a year has maintained a controversial blog committed to advancing the rights of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and...
Philippines: Creative Protests During Campus Strikes
Last week's nationwide campus strikes in the Philippines against education budget cuts saw the lively and creative integration of online tools to mobilize thousands to fight for the right to...
China: Xinjiang’s Most Popular Song
Caribbean: Bloggers Saddened by Wangari Mathai's Death
Quick Reads · Caribbean27 September 2011
Spain: Police “Welcome” 15M Protesters in Paris
Western Europe27 September 2011
The "march of the indignant people" that left from various cities in Spain and France to cross Europe, was welcomed by the police in Paris. One hundred people who were...
USA: The Real and Digital Unite for Latin American Literature
North America26 September 2011
La Casa Azul - an online bookstore - has recently announced it is going to collaborate with a new bookstore located in Washington Heights, New York. Word Up (@wordupbooks) has...
Protecting African Forests: Wangari Maathai's Legacy
Wangari Maathai, a prominent Kenyan environmental and political activist and 2004 Nobel prize winner passed away on September 25. She was the first African woman to be awarded the prize...
United States: “Occupy Wall Street” Takes the Heart of New York's Financial District
In New York, a peaceful protest has developed: "Occupy Wall Street." Inspired by the events in cities throughout Arab and European countries, demonstrators are protesting against the way in which...
Bahrain: Protests on Election Eve
Protesters in Bahrain tried returning to Pearl Square, the centre of massive protests against the regime in February, on the eve of election night. Over two days, the unarmed protesters...
Algeria: Football Matches New Venue to Air Dissent
Algerians have discovered a novel way to make their voices heard. Spectators in football matches are using the opportunity to voice political views, in a country which has so far...
Yemen: Bloodbath in Sanaa as Saleh Returns
More than a 100 Yemenis have been killed and 700 injured as the government continues its war against protesters calling for a regime change. Yesterday saw the return of president...
Global: Interview on NATO's Evolution
Quick Reads · Western Europe24 September 2011
Video: Water Bottle Lights and Other Eco-Friendly Inventions
Caribbean24 September 2011
Solar lights and hot water heaters from plastic water bottles, houses made from trash and a way to do without plastic bags are some of the projects making reducing, reusing...
China: A water calligraphy dot matrix printer
Quick Reads · China22 September 2011
Russia: Indie Band Uses ‘Office Violence’ Viral Video For Promotion
China: California Hotel adapted by a cook
Ukraine: Short Films by Youth for Gender Equality
Young film makers in Ukraine have participated in a short film competition that challenges stereotypes of women and defend gender equality. These films touch on issues that can be understood...
Videos: Homeless But Not Voiceless
We explore different initiatives that aim to bring to the foreground the plight of those who are forgotten: children, indigenous people, immigrants and the transgender community.
About our Video coverage
Juliana Rincón Parra is the Citizen Video editor. Email her story ideas or volunteer to write.
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3151
|
__label__wiki
| 0.872326
| 0.872326
|
PGA of America acknowledges ‘failed chapter,’ renames historic award
By: GOLF Editors July 2, 2020
The PGA of America's Horton Smith Award will be replaced with the PGA Professional Development Award.
The PGA of America Board of Directors announced on Thursday it had voted to rename the Horton Smith Award, effective immediately. It will be replaced with the PGA Professional Development Award, which will honor a PGA member for outstanding contributions to professional education.
Horton Smith was a two-time Masters champion, winning in 1934 and 1936. He served as the PGA of America’s president from 1952-54 and, according to the PGA’s press release, “was a defender of the ‘Caucasian-only’ membership clause, which was regrettably included in the PGA Bylaws from 1934-61.”
“In renaming the Horton Smith Award, the PGA of America is taking ownership of a failed chapter in our history that resulted in excluding many from achieving their dreams of earning the coveted PGA member badge and advancing the game of golf,” said PGA President Suzy Whaley in the release. “We need to do all we can to ensure the PGA of America is defined by inclusion. Part of our mission to grow the game is about welcoming all and bringing diversity to the sport. With the new PGA Professional Development Award, we will recognize effective inclusion efforts and honor those across our 41 PGA Sections who continue to promote and improve our educational programs. We look forward to doing more of both as we move forward.”
The Horton Smith Award had been presented annually since 1965. The inaugural PGA Professional Development Award will be presented Oct. 27-30 at the PGA of America’s annual meeting in Hartford, Conn.
How a right-handed player capitalized on the Rules by trying to hit lefty
2021 Masters: Augusta National announces limited number of spectators will be allowed onsite
The epic mind game Tiger Woods played on Phil Mickelson at the Masters
20 for 20: 20 reasons why golf could be even greater in 2021
Why this week is crucial for Rickie Fowler's 2021 Masters hopes
How this pro played the Masters after struggling to stand up the day of
The 1 aspect of Dustin Johnson's gear setup you should copy
When Augusta National decides to fund your golf team, possibilities abound
By: Sean Zak
Tour Confidential: The Match returns, Team Woods and Masters parting thoughts
The Dustin Johnson mentality, summed up in a food story
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3153
|
__label__cc
| 0.663984
| 0.336016
|
Hawaii News Digest
Latest Hawaii State and Hawaii Island News
Blog Comment Policy for Hawaii News Digest
Opinion, analysis, and discussion.
Center for Hawaiian Music and Dance
Posted on December 27, 2020 by Russ Roberts
Hawaii Tourism Authority will spend another $250K on troubled Center for Hawaiian Music and Dance.
Views expressed in this Hawaii State News summary are those of the reporters and correspondents.
Content provided by the “Honolulu Star-Advertiser” and the Associated Press.
Accessed on 27 December 2020, 1316 UTC, Post 22,090.
Source: https://www.staradvertiser.com/
Please click link or scroll down to read your selections.
Hawaii Tourism Authority will spend another $250K on troubled Center for Hawaiian Music and Dance
Hawaii Tourism Authority President and CEO John De Fries said the $250,000 allocation is to explore “the development of a virtual concept that would make Hawaiian music, dance, related histories and cultural storytelling available to the world online.”
A genuine civic center is slated for Wahiawa after decades of planning
2020 in Review: Through the lens of Honolulu Star-Advertiser photographers
Kokua Line: If Trump OKs it, revived ‘plus-up’ would start fresh, not make up for gap in federal jobless aid
Hawaii basketball teams shake off another disappointment
David Shapiro: Hawaii’s leaders bring profiles in futlessness to dreadful year
Hawaii reports 120 new coronavirus infections, bringing total to 20,888; No new COVID-19 deaths
Editorial: Take scalpel, not axe, to Hawaii’s budget
On the Scene with Manu Boyd and Horace K. Dudoit III of Ho‘okena
For the latest Hawaii State, Hawaii Island, West Hawaii, and Hawaii Sports News, please check the blog sidebar, links, and twitter posts. These news feeds are updated daily. Thanks for joining us today.
https://hawaiinewsdigest.net
https://www.hawaiigeopoliticalnews.com
https://hawaiisciencedaily.blogspot.com
Continue to stay at home
In "Hawaii Island News"
Hawaii Supreme Court supports Native Hawaiians in land case
Acting City Prosecutor to respond to subpoena
Retired news director for Pacific Radio Group (Hawaii Island). Retired Lt Col USAFR. FCC-licensed amateur radio operator (KH6JRM). Substitute teacher for Hawaii DOE.
Big Island Video News
Mayor Roth Takes Selfie From Hospital, Is “On The Mend” January 16, 2021
HILO, Hawaiʻi - A spokesperson for the mayor said Roth is "in a selfie spirit at Hilo Medical Center, where he will remain for the weekend."
Hawaii COVID-19 Friday Update: 150 New Cases Statewide January 16, 2021
HAWAIʻI - Of the 150 new cases of COVID-19 reported statewide at noon on Friday, only five (5) new cases were identified on Hawaiʻi island.
Magnitude 4.0 Earthquake Felt Around Hawaiʻi Island January 15, 2021
HAWAIʻI ISLAND - An earthquake deep below the Pahala-area of Hawaiʻi island was felt all around the Big Island on Thursday evening.
Hawaiʻi COVID-19 Thursday Update: 179 New Cases Statewide January 15, 2021
HAWAIʻI - Of the 179 new cases of COVID-19 reported statewide at noon on Thursday, thirteen (13) new cases were identified on Hawaiʻi island.
Broward Named Superintendent Of Two Kona National Historical Parks January 15, 2021
KONA, Hawaiʻi - John Broward, former chief ranger at HVNP, has been selected as Superintendent of Kaloko-Honokōhau and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Parks.
Hawaii Tribune-Herald Sports News
Steele takes lead with 61, gets another chance at Sony Open January 17, 2021
HONOLULU — Brendan Steele knows he can play well at the Sony Open whether it’s windy or calm, in sunshine or rain. Now he gets another chance to see if he can win.
Matt Gerhart
MMA: Holloway masterful in victory January 17, 2021
Max Holloway put on a show in the main event of the first combat sports card aired on ABC since 2000.
HPU women put prowess on display in runaway January 17, 2021
Did anyone get the license plate number of that bus?
Kevin Jakahi
Triumphant return: Vulcans, Vuksanovic begin new era by sinking Sharks January 17, 2021
That was a little too close for comfort for the UH-Hilo men’s basketball team, which saw an 18-point lead whittled down to single digits.
Nick Taylor gets a break and a birdie and leads Sony Open January 16, 2021
HONOLULU — Nick Taylor pitched in for eagle to get his round headed in the right direction, and he kept going until he finished with a good break and one last birdie for an 8-under 62 and a two-shot lead Friday in the Sony Open.
Blog Archives Select Month January 2021 (94) December 2020 (176) November 2020 (166) October 2020 (177) September 2020 (168) August 2020 (182) July 2020 (192) June 2020 (179) May 2020 (178) April 2020 (178) March 2020 (174) February 2020 (140) January 2020 (146) December 2019 (145) November 2019 (151) October 2019 (163) September 2019 (151) August 2019 (161) July 2019 (165) June 2019 (154) May 2019 (161) April 2019 (160) March 2019 (154) February 2019 (144) January 2019 (158) December 2018 (148) November 2018 (155) October 2018 (159) September 2018 (179) August 2018 (224) July 2018 (207) June 2018 (199) May 2018 (203) April 2018 (141) March 2018 (141) February 2018 (129) January 2018 (120) December 2017 (134) November 2017 (174) October 2017 (194) September 2017 (168) August 2017 (139) July 2017 (76) October 2016 (122) September 2016 (211) August 2016 (217) July 2016 (251) June 2016 (234) May 2016 (225) April 2016 (223) March 2016 (255) February 2016 (303) January 2016 (289) December 2015 (271) November 2015 (324) October 2015 (345) September 2015 (349) August 2015 (264) July 2015 (358) June 2015 (412) May 2015 (344) April 2015 (356) March 2015 (365) February 2015 (292) January 2015 (326) December 2014 (334) November 2014 (310) October 2014 (306) September 2014 (244) August 2014 (241) July 2014 (345) June 2014 (264) May 2014 (291) April 2014 (245) March 2014 (306) February 2014 (243) January 2014 (296) December 2013 (290) November 2013 (305) October 2013 (573) September 2013 (573) August 2013 (623) July 2013 (721) June 2013 (430) May 2013 (230) April 2013 (176) March 2013 (149) February 2013 (140) January 2013 (75) December 2012 (31) November 2012 (30) October 2012 (30) September 2012 (30) August 2012 (31) July 2012 (30) June 2012 (30) May 2012 (30) April 2012 (30) March 2012 (32) February 2012 (28) January 2012 (31) December 2011 (31) November 2011 (29) October 2011 (2) September 2011 (26) August 2011 (29) July 2011 (29) June 2011 (31) May 2011 (32) April 2011 (35) March 2011 (36) February 2011 (28) January 2011 (35) December 2010 (31) November 2010 (30) October 2010 (31) September 2010 (29) August 2010 (31) July 2010 (31) June 2010 (30) May 2010 (30) April 2010 (29) March 2010 (33) February 2010 (31) January 2010 (32) December 2009 (34) November 2009 (31) October 2009 (32) September 2009 (35) August 2009 (38) July 2009 (15) April 2009 (1)
Hawaii News Digest supplementary pages
Related news sites
https://www.hawaiisciencedaily.info
https://bigislandarrlnews.com
https://www.simplehamradioantennas.com
https://www.bbc.com/news/world
https://reuters.com/news/world
Russ’s twitter feed
Russell RobertsFollow
Russell Roberts@kh6jrm·
Simple Ham Radio Antennas: 2 Meter Twin lead J-Pole Antenna https://t.co/NFt7UXaoRt
Hawaii Science Daily: SciTechDaily: Science and Space News https://t.co/aOsMJNXXYH
Southgate Amateur Radio Club News https://t.co/dcVFHq9pGB
Over 80 people rescued from monster waves on north and west shores of Oahu; High-surf warning still in effect via @staradvertiser https://t.co/prdAnnQjl9
Amateur Radio Weekly Newsletter https://t.co/6Oq7YASWs9
Hawaii Geopolitical News: World-BBC News https://t.co/GZ6xEpHSIs
Polynesian Cultural Center to reopen https://t.co/MMe9U6qxXL
Russ’s Facebook Page
© 2021 Hawaii News Digest | Powered by Minimalist Blog WordPress Theme
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3160
|
__label__cc
| 0.729228
| 0.270772
|
Hedge Fund Law Blog
Hedge fund laws, starting a hedge fund, news and events…
Tag Archives: hedge fund documentary
Hedge Funds and TV Tokyo
One of the interesting aspects about having a hedge fund blog is that it provides me with the opportunity to connect with many people in the hedge fund industry whom I would normally not have a chance to meet. I also have the opportunity to talk with various media publications regarding hedge funds. The two inquiries below come from TV Tokyo who is spotlighting the Lehman crises and doing a report on how hedge funds are currently fairing. I have received two inquiries now, so if you are interested in talking with them, I am happy to pass along the appropriate contact information.
Any other media organizations who wish to discuss hedge funds or the legal and regulatory aspects of hedge funds are welcome to contact me directly to discuss.
Hi, I’m from TV Tokyo, Japanese TV production. I’m working on the story about what is going on hedge fund industory after Lehman crises. For our segment, I’m looking for the indivisual investor who put their money into hedge fund due to due to improved transparency and liquidity terms.and I would like to ask the investor to have our taped interview in next week. If you know someone, please let me know. Thank you so much for taking your time to read this message.
Dear Bart,
I am a producer at TV Tokyo, a Japanese television network. I am producing a documentary about recovery in financial institutions and markets. Over the past year or two, markets plunged and many financial institutions, including hedge funds, were bankrupted or merged out of existence. In a relatively brief time, however, certain markets and financial institutions demonstrated surprising resilience and a return to profitability. This recovery is in marked contrast to the decade long process of recovery in Japan.
In the documentary, I will focus on how financial institutions, markets and exchanges have managed to again make profits in such short period. Among markets, I will focus on the commodity market, which has benefitted from economic expansion in emerging markets and concerns about inflation elsewhere. As part of that examination, I would also like to feature the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE). Much of the volume in recent commodities trading has occurred on ICE, however, many of our viewers are unfamiliar with it.
I am seeking individuals to interview for the documentary who can speak authoritatively about the above topics. If you can address these topics on camera, please contact me.
My deadline for filming is the end of August/beginning of September.
I look forward to your reply.
[Producer]
About TV Tokyo:
TV Tokyo is one of Japan’s six television networks and is a subsidiary of Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei), Japan’s premier financial journal. We produce Japan’s only daily business and economic news programs, World Business Satellite and News Morning Satellite. Their combined audience averages 5-6 million viewers daily, including Japanese business leaders and influential politicians. A recent study showed our audience to be the most affluent and highly educated in Japan. Past guests include: Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda; Former Harvard University president Lawrence Summers; professors Joseph Stiglitz (Nobel laureate), Jeffrey Sachs, and Alan Blinder; CEOs Michael Eisner, Steve Forbes, Bill Gates, Steve Ballmer, Jack Welch, Jeffrey Immelt, Larry Ellison, Scott McNealy; investor Jim Rogers, George Soros, Warren Buffett and numerous Japanese business and political leaders.
Other related hedge fund law articles:
Hedge Fund Investors Asking for Meaningful Communication
Hedge Fund Investors Overview
How to Raise Hedge Fund Capital
Requirements for Hedge Fund Performance Reporting
Hedge Fund Attorney
This entry was posted in News and Commentary and tagged hedge fund, hedge fund blog, hedge fund documentary, hedge fund law, hedge fund report, hedge fund tokyo, tv tokyo on September 5, 2009 by CFM Admin.
Hedge Fund Legal Services
Cole-Frieman & Mallon LLP provides comprehensive legal services for new and existing hedge funds as well as for other investment management companies.
If you are thinking of starting a hedge fund or an incubator fund, please call Bart Mallon of Cole-Frieman & Mallon LLP today at
Cryptocurrency Fund Legal Articles
Hedge Fund Articles List
Start Up Hedge Fund Presentation
Hedge Fund Business & Technical Articles
CTA/CPO Registration & Compliance Guide
|
cc/2021-04/en_middle_0069.json.gz/line3164
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.