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Back to WA-WD Home
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Born: 11/22/1986 in Sandton, South Africa
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Noted For: runner; as a double amputee, ran on artificial legs; won 6 gold medals in the Paralympic Games, competed in the 2012 Olympics, but did not win a medal. Convicted of culpable homicide (manslaughter) for the killing of his girlfriend; the verdict was subsequently changed to murder (2015).
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Tag: marvel studios
Kevin Feige Teases Nova’s Introduction Into the MCU
Diana Prince - January 15, 2021 0
Kevin Feige Teases Nova’s Introduction Into the MCUGuardians of the Galaxy introduced the Nova Corps to the Marvel Cinematic Universe. However, that film didn’t introduce Richard Rider, the primary Nova of Marvel’s comic book universe. However, it looks like Nova’s...
Report: Ethan Hawke Cast As the Villain In Moon Knight
Report: Ethan Hawke Cast As the Villain In Moon KnightMarvel’s Moon Knight series is just a few months away from filming, and the cast is coming together. According to The Hollywood Reporter, Ethan Hawke has been cast as the main...
Everything is Falling Apart In Disney+’s Final WandaVision Trailer
Everything is Falling Apart In Disney+’s Final WandaVision TrailerThings are about to get very weird in Marvel Studios’ Phase 4, as WandaVision finally hits Disney+ tomorrow. And it looks like Wanda Maximoff and Vision have found a new place to call home. However,...
Kevin Feige Says Marvel’s Netflix Heroes Are ‘On the Board’
Kevin Feige Says Marvel’s Netflix Heroes Are ‘On the Board’This Friday, Phase Four of the Marvel Cinematic Universe finally begins with the launch of WandaVision on Disney+. Naturally, most Marvel diehards are excited to see some of the MCU’s biggest...
Kevin Feige Reveals How Long Marvel’s Disney+ Series Will Be
Kevin Feige Reveals How Long Marvel’s Disney+ Series Will BeIn just a few days, Marvel Studios will launch WandaVision, but we still have lots of questions about how Kevin Feige and his team plan on structuring their upcoming slate of small-screen...
Frank Grillo Returning as Crossbones For Marvel’s What If…? Series
Frank Grillo Returning as Crossbones For Marvel’s What If…? SeriesPart of the magic of Marvel’s upcoming What If…? animated series is that it allows the studio to bring back several characters regardless of their fate in the films. Now, we...
Kevin Feige Explains the Smaller Scale of Disney+’s Secret Invasion Series
Kevin Feige Explains the Smaller Scale of Disney+’s Secret Invasion SeriesIn Marvel’s comic book universe, Secret Invasion was the culmination of a long New Avengers storyline. The alien Skrulls infiltrated humanity in several walks of life, including the world’s superhero...
WandaVision Will Feature Fake TV Commercials Hinting at Threats
With only five days left before its official release, the minds behind WandaVision had the chance to talk about the upcoming show during a recent press conference that featured showrunner Jac Schaeffer, Marvel Studios President Kevin Feige, and most of the cast. Some of the...
The Latest WandaVision TV Promo Mentions The Avengers
Fans will have to wait just five more days before watching the first episodes of WandaVision. Disney is promoting the upcoming Phase 4 of the Marvel Cinematic Universe with full strength, releasing new materials every day. The latest TV promo for the show...
Disney+’s Moon Knight Series Lines Up Two New Directors
Diana Prince - January 8, 2021 0
Disney+’s Moon Knight Series Lines Up Two New DirectorsIt looks like Mohamed Diab won’t be the only man behind the camera when Marvel’s Moon Knight series gets underway. According to The Hollywood Reporter, Justin Benson and Aaron Moorhead have joined...
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OMAN & THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - 10 Day Tour from Muscat to Dubai
OMAN & THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Location: Oman & Dubai
10 Day Tour from Muscat to Dubai
Shown in UPPERCASE in the tour description including admission charges where applicable.
Visits to Muscat, Sur, Jabreen Fort, Nizwa, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, Dubai
Omani Coastal Road, Wadi Bani Khalid, Wahiba Sands, Al Hamra
Your fascinating journey to this magical part of the globe begins in Muscat, Oman, capital of the Sultanate since 1793. Visit the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque with its 21-ton prayer carpet, the Old Muttrah Souk, and the Amouage perfume factory. Experience desert life during an overnight in a tented camp in the Wahiba Sands, and take a refreshing dip in the deep pools at Wadi Bani Khalid. Visit Sur, Nizwa, and Ibri, then cross over the border into the United Arab Emirates. Stop in the charming desert oasis of Al Ain with its impressive archaeological park and museum, and visit the camel market. From Abu Dhabi, continue to Dubai, the dynamic business center that boasts the tallest man-made structure in the world, the Burj Khalifa. Also see ancient and contemporary architecture; shop in one of the famous malls; take stunning photographs of the palaces, mosques, and souk; and experience an evening on board a traditional wooden boat.
Monday, 02 Nov 2015
Saturday, 21 Nov 2015
Monday, 14 Dec 2015
Day 1 Arrive in Muscat, Oman.
Check into your hotel. This evening, meet your Tour Director and fellow travelers. (D) MUSCAT Majan Continental (ST).
Day 2 Muscat.
Capital of the Sultanate of Oman since 1793 and an important port town, lovely Muscat has attracted foreign tradesmen and settlers throughout the centuries. Today, its picturesque setting between the Gulf of Oman and Western Al Hajar Mountains lures visitors to its golden beaches and fascinating vestiges of ancient culture. Included city sightseeing visits the SULTAN QABOOS GRAND MOSQUE, an architectural gem built from 300,000 tons of Indian sandstone and home to a handmade Persian carpet that is reportedly the second-largest in the world. Also visit the AMOUAGE PERFUME FACTORY, where luxury fragrances are produced; the MUTTRAH SOUK, a traditional market where you can still purchase things like frankincense, silver jewelry, and Bedouin crafts; and the BAIT AL ZUBAIR MUSEUM, housing the finest privately owned collection of Omani artifacts. Also stop to take photos outside the Sultan’s Palace with its blue and gold mushroom pillars. (B) MUSCAT Majan Continental (ST).
Day 3 Muscat–Sur–Wadi Bani Khalid–Wahiba Sands.
Meander along the coastal road this morning, stopping at the BIMMAH SINKHOLE, which legend says was created when a piece of the moon fell from the sky. Enjoy a swim in its clear, blue waters before heading towards Sur to visit FISHERMEN’S HARBOUR and the DHOW BUILDING YARD, where traditional Omani wooden fishing boats are crafted by hand. You’ll see a radical change of scenery as we head inland to WADI BANI KHALID, a peaceful valley known for its natural beauty, abundant vegetation, and intriguing caves. Take a quick dip in one of the deep pools before continuing on to the WAHIBA SANDS, a large desert noted for its wide array of flora, fauna, migratory birds, and Bedouins who gather here each summer to pick dates in the oasis. Spend the night in a TENTED CAMP for a true taste of life in the desert. (B,L,D) MUSCAT Majan Continental (ST).
Day 4 Wahiba Sands–Birkat Al-Mawz–Al Hamra–Nizwa.
This morning, get a better understanding of the Bedouin lifestyle as you visit one of the region’s many settlements. Head towards the mountains for a picture stop at BIRKAT AL-MAWZ with its palm groves and terraced rose orchards, then Al Hamra, home to some of the oldest preserved houses in the country and boasting stunning panoramic views. Also on the agenda is JABREEN FORT, built in 1670 as a defensive stronghold and considered one of the most impressive forts in the Sultanate. Finally, reach Nizwa, capital of Oman in the 6th and 7th centuries and one of the oldest cities in Oman. Visit the NIZWA SOUK, where you can haggle for a great price on spices, silver, pottery, and more. (B,L,D) WAHIBA SANDS Arabian Oryx Camp (ST).
Day 5 Nizwa–Ibri–Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Leave Nizwa this morning and stop en route in Ibri. Then, say goodbye to your Oman guide and driver, cross the border into the United Arab Emirates, and meet your guide and driver for the Emirates part of the journey. Reach the “Garden City” of Al Ain, a charming desert oasis that was originally a stop on the caravan trail. Today, it is a university city, center of agriculture, and the second-largest city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. On the included city sightseeing tour, visit the HILI ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK, the largest Bronze Age complex in the country, and the SHEIKH ZAYED PALACE MUSEUM. Set around courtyards and lofty palms, this beautiful cinnamon-colored palace was built in 1937 for the late Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Also enjoy a swim in the thermal waters at the GREEN MUBAZZARAH HOT SPRING. (B) NIZWA Golden Tulip (F).
Day 6 Ail Ain–Abu Dhabi.
This morning, visit the CAMEL MARKET before continuing to Abu Dhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirates. On arrival, enjoy an orientation drive along the Corniche, with a picture stop at Al-Hosn Palace, one of the city’s oldest buildings. Also visit HERITAGE VILLAGE, a reconstruction of a traditional oasis village that includes a goat-hair tent, artisan workshops, a falaj irrigation system, and more; and see the BREAKWATER and the FISH MARKET. This evening, enjoy an included DHOW CRUISE aboard a traditional wooden boat with dinner on board. (B,D) AL AIN Ayla (F).
Day 7 Abu Dhabi.
Morning at leisure. This afternoon, included sightseeing features the iconic EMIRATES PALACE hotel, the breathtaking white SHEIKH ZAYED GRAND MOSQUE, and Yas Island, home to the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, for a picture stop. (B) ABU DHABI Le Meridien (F).
Day 8 Abu Dhabi–Dubai.
Depart Abu Dhabi and head for Dubai, where an orientation drive introduces you to the dynamic business center. View Dubai Creek; see the ancient Al Bastakiya area, dating back to the 1690s; and hear about the history of Dubai at the AL-FAHIDI FORT, the oldest architectural masterpiece in the city. Next, visit the SPICE MARKET and the GOLD SOUK, and marvel at the Burj Khalifa, completed in 2010 as the tallest man-made structure in the world. Finally, a picture stop at the Jumeirah Mosque, built in the medieval Fatimid tradition. (B) ABU DHABI Le Meridien (F).
Day 9 Dubai.
A whole day to do as you please. Shop at one of the many famous malls, or marvel at the daring contemporary architecture. Consider joining the optional desert safari with barbecue dinner. (B) DUBAI Copthorne (F).
Day 10 Dubai.
Your vacation ends with breakfast this morning. (B) DUBAI Copthorne (F).
Single room supplement:$590 No triple room reduction. Muscat Arrival Transfer Seeb International Airport: $25.00 per person Dubai Departure Transfer Dubai International Airport: $25.00 per person
Buffet breakfasts; 2 lunches; 4 dinners
* MEALS: Buffet breakfasts; 2 lunches; 4 dinners
* AIRPORT TRANSFER TIMES & FLIGHT WINDOWS: Muscat Arrival Seeb International Airport - 24 hours daily Dubai Departure Dubai International Airport - 24 hours daily
TRAVEL GUIDE TO DUBAI
TRAVEL GUIDE TO OMAN
OMAN & THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATESOman & Dubai
Shown in UPPERCASE in the tour description including admission charges where applicable., Visits to Muscat, Sur, Jabreen Fort, Nizwa, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Omani Coastal Road, Wadi Bani Khalid, Wahiba Sands, Al Hamra
DISCOVER PROVENCE
CIRCLE THE AMERICAN WEST
Family Fun at A' Famosa Resort Melaka
From USD305
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Hoot Owl Tanner Messer On-Air Schedule
Ben Carson Says He Was ‘Desperately Ill’ With COVID-19
Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson revealed Friday that he was "extremely sick" from COVID-19. Carson is among several who tested positive for the virus after attending an election night event at the White House.
In a Facebook post Friday, 69-year-old Carson said he initially saw "dramatic improvement" from a product he took, which is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration nor a proven coronavirus treatment.
"However, I have several co-morbidities and after a brief period when I only experienced minor discomfort, the symptoms accelerated and I became desperately ill," wrote Carson, who tested positive for the coronavirus last Monday.
Carson, a member of the White House coronavirus task force, said Mr. Trump cleared him to then receive a monoclonal antibody therapy that was also given to the president when he battled COVID-19 in October. Carson said he believed the treatment saved his life, adding he is "blessed" to have access to what he called the best medical care in the world.
When the president was ill, he received Regeneron's experimental antibody treatment, which is only approved by the FDA on an individual basis during ongoing clinical trials. Regeneron did not immediately confirm to CBS News that Carson received its treatment.
Last week, the FDA approved Eli Lilly's monoclonal antibody treatment Bamlanivimab for emergency use authorization. The pharmaceutical company did not immediately respond to CBS News' inquiry regarding Carson's treatment.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development also did not immediately respond to CBS News' request for further details.
"President Trump, the fabulous White House medical team, and the phenomenal doctors at Walter Reed have been paying very close attention to my health and I do believe I am out of the woods at this point," Carson said Friday.
The former neurosurgeon also said he is "hopeful that we can stop playing politics with medicine and instead combine our efforts and goodwill for the good of all people."
"We must prioritize getting comparable treatments and care to everyone as soon as possible," Carson added. "There are a number of promising treatments that need to be tested, approved, and distributed (sooner rather than later) so that the economy can be re-opened and we can all return to a semblance of normalcy."
Carson concluded by saying "people should recognize that there are a number of defined steps that legally have to be taken before vaccines are released to the public and trying to cause alarm by saying dangerous shortcuts were taken only serves to stoke fear. Together we will be victorious. God is still in charge."
There have been four apparent White House coronavirus outbreaks in the last two months. Mr. Trump's son Donald Trump Jr. also tested positive for COVID-19 this week, two Trump family associates confirmed to CBS News on Friday.
A spokesman for Trump Jr. said he tested positive at the start of the week and has been "quarantining out at his cabin since the result."
First published on November 21, 2020 / 10:24 AM
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Home Speeches Photo Gallery Time Line Perspectives Guest Book Links
13th February 1915 Born at Natmauk, a township in Magwe district, central Burma.
1932 Matriculated in the "A" category with distinctions in Burmese and Pali.
1935-36 Elected to the executive committee of the Rangoon University Students' Union and became the editor of the Students' Union Magazine.
February 1936 Expelled from the university for publication of the article "Hell Hound at Large" in the union magazine. Expulsion of Ko Aung San and Ko Nu from the university led to the university strike. Later, the government conceded strikers' demands and retracted expulsion orders.
1938 Elected as president of the Rangoon University Students' Union and the All Burma Student's Union. Appointed as a student representative in "Rangoon University Act Amendment Committee" by the government.
October 1938 Joined Dohbama Asi-ayone ("We-Burmese" Organization) and became Thakin Aung San.
1938 to August 1940 Acted as the Head Office General Secretary of Dohbama Asi-ayone.
1938-39 Countrywide strikes known as Revolution of Year 1300 (Burmese calendar year).
1939 to 1940 Helped to found Bama-htwet-yat Ghine (Freedom Bloc) and became the general secretary.
March 1940 Attended Indian National Congress Assembly in Rangar?, India.
1940 Went underground due to arrest warrant issued by the British government.
August 1940 Left for Burma and reached Amoy, China and later to Tokyo, Japan.
February 1941 Came back to Burma with offer of arms and money support from the Japanese for uprising.
1941 Arrived in Japan for military training together with the first batch of the Thirty Comrades.
December 1941 Founded Burmese Independence Army (BIA) in Bangkok, Thailand with the help of the Japanese and became chief-of-staff Major-General Aung San (a.k.a. Bo Teza).
March 1942 Rangoon, capital of Burma, fell to the Japanese Army. The Japanese military administration took over Burma.
July 1942 Reorganized BIA and become Burma Defence Army (BDA). Appointed as Commander-in-Chief Colonel Aung San.
6th September 1942 Married with Daw Khin Kyi.
March 1943 Promoted to become Major-General Aung San of BDA.
1943 Invited to Japan and decorated by the Emperor with "Order of the Rising Sun".
1st August 1943 Burma was declared an independent nation and Major-General Aung San became the War Minister.
1943 BDA was renamed as Burma National Army (BNA).
November 1943 The British troops hiding in hills of Burma received Aung San's plan to turn his forces against the Japanese.
1st August 1944 Declared Burma's independence status as fake in independence day anniversary speech.
August 1944 Founded Anti-Fascist Organization (AFO) and became the military leader of the organization.
27th March 1945 Burmese troops throughout the country rose up against the Japanese.
15th May 1945 Met with William Slim of the Fourteenth Army.
15th June 1945 Victory parade was held in Rangoon. The Burmese forces participated alongside the British and Allied forces.
August 1945 The Japanese forces surrendered.
August 1945 AFO was expanded and renamed as Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL).
1945 BNA was renamed as Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF).
September 1945 Signed an agreement to merge PBF with Burma Army under British command during a meeting in Kandy, Ceylon.
October 1945 Civil government was restored with Dorman-Smith as the governor of Burma.
January 1946 Elected as president of the AFPFL.
September 1946 Appointed as Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Burma with portfolios for defence and external affairs.
2nd January 1947 Met with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India in New Delhi, India during his way to London.
27th January 1947 Signed "Aung San�Attlee Agreement" in London guaranteeing Burma's independence within a year.
12th February 1947 Signed "Panglong Agreement" with leaders from national groups expressing solidarity and support for united Burma in Panglong, Shan State, Burma.
April 1947 AFPFL won 196 of 202 seats in the election for a constituent assembly.
June 1947 Convened series of conferences at the Sorrenta Villa in Rangoon for rehabilitation of the country.
13th July 1947 Gave last public speech urging Burmese people to mend their ways and urge them for more discipline.
19th July 1947 Assassinated during the Executive Council meeting together with six other Councillors, including his elder brother, U Ba Win.
U Saw, a former Prime Minister, was found guilty of the abetment and executed.
4th January 1948 Burma regained its independence.
Contact AungSan.Com
Web www.aungsan.com
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Dassault news
Dassault’s Falcon 8X receives EASA certification
Publié le 27/06/2016 | Business Aviation | 585
Dassault Aviation’s new flagship, the 6,450 nm Falcon 8X, has been certified by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), preparing the way for service introduction...
Gulfstream repairs 1,000th Auxiliary Power Unit in state-of-the-art facility
Gulfstream Aerospace today announced that its Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) repair and overhaul department recently completed its 1,000th APU repair. “Beginning with the opening of our...
Dassault Falcon 2000LXS is first Business Jet to fly 200 ft minima instrument approach using europe’s EGNOS LPV200 service
Dassault’s Falcon 2000LXS today became the first business jet to fly an Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) with a published LPV minima of 200 ft, using...
Safran: record results in 2015
All figures in this press release represent Adjusted [1] data, except where noted. Please refer to definitions and reconciliation between 2015 consolidated income statement and...
Dassault Falcon Jet completes New Little Rock expansion
Dassault Falcon Jet has completed another major expansion of its Little Rock Completion Center that will add 350,000 square feet of production space to the...
Dassault offers new Falcon select II avionics package
Dassault Aviation has introduced a new avionics upgrade that will provide Falcon 900A and B operators with a range of important operational benefits, including an...
Dassault Falcon service breaks ground on Bordeaux-Mérignac maintenance facility
Dassault Falcon Service (DFS), a subsidiary of Dassault Aviation, recently began work on a new maintenance facility in Bordeaux-Mérignac to expand its Falcon overhaul capability. ...
First two Falcon 8X aircraft start cabin completion
Two Falcon 8X aircraft have arrived at the Falcon completion facility in Little Rock, Arkansas, marking a new milestone in the development program for the...
Dassault Aviation rolls out Falcon 5X, a new bizjet with a major contribution from Safran
Safran, supplier of the engine and key systems on Dassault Aviation's new Falcon 5X business jet, participated in the rollout of the latest member of...
Dassault Aviation rolls out first Falcon 5X
Dassault Aviation today lifted the veil on the highly anticipated Falcon 5X, which establishes a new benchmark in the large cabin, long range business aviation...
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Facebook Plans to Expand Ad Reach to Users outside its Social Network
Facebook has plans to expand its ad reach to non-users.
BEACON TRANSCRIPT – Facebook announced May 26 that it will start posting ads on sites and apps that are outside its social network but they are members of its extended ad network called the Audience Network.
Until recently, the social media giant only displayed advertisements within its social network. Although the change may not seem much, Facebook could turn into a major player in the online advertising business. It could even start to rival Google when helping marketeers to place their ads across the Internet.
Facebook’s Andrew Bosworth noted that the company is aware that there are ‘some users’ who do not have or don’t use a Facebook account. For instance of the 3.17 billion Internet users across the globe, just 1.65 billion are caught in the Facebook network.
Facebook’s Audience Network, on the other hand, can reach both Facebook users and non-users. Within the social network, it is easier to place an ad as the site has troves of data on its users’ behaviors and preferences.
But now, the social networking giant could start harvest user data across the Internet through ‘likes,’ site cookies, and other tools at its hands. This info will be later used to match non-Facebook users’ interests with advertisements just like Google does now.
Mr. Bosworth explained that ‘like’ buttons and pluggins will play a crucial role in harvesting user data on third-party sites. The information will help the company better understand how to move the elusive non-Facebook audience.
For example, if a non-Facebook member clicks a sportswear site, Facebook may conclude that the user is interested in this type of clothing so it will target that person with sportswear-related ads.
As of now, the most popular technology to find out what users really like are website cookies, or pieces of codes with specific information that are stored on the users’ devices. Third-party sites can access these cookies and learn a lot about a user’s behavior across the Internet.
Though this method of tracking may seem disturbing to users concerned over their privacy, most advertising networks use it. Yet, Facebook believes it can do a better job than its competitors since it has so much info on its own users.
The social media site can use artificial intelligence bots to detect patterns in user behavior and estimate what a non-user of Facebook may like to buy. The strategy is dubbed ‘lookalike’ targeting by advertising experts.
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Capital Berg
Keeps People Up-To-Date
About CapitalBerg
Tennessee Rapist Breaks into Woman’s House Three Times the Same Night to Assault Her June 29, 2018
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Mississippi Man Beheaded Mother After A Spat over Credit Cards June 25, 2018
Giant Bird Became Extinct After Humans Ate Its Eggs
January 31, 2016 By Andreas Petersen
The giant bird is believed to be the ancestor of the waterfowl, a small and colored duck.
According to the new archeological findings, it is possible than an Australian giant bird became extinct after humans ate its eggs over 50,000 years ago. The Genyornis newtoni was a very big, flightless bird that belonged to the megafauna that once ruled Australia. The researchers estimate that a single egg was roughly the size of a cantaloupe, weighing approximately 3.5 pounds.
The Genyornis newtoni was a Carnivorous Bird More than Two Meters Tall
According to computer simulations made with the fragments of the bird’s skeleton, the Genyornis newtoni was approximately two meters tall. And the bird was not tall and slim, but rather tall and muscular since the scientists believe it weighed around 227 kilograms. This Gregor Clegane of feathered animals was part of the Dromornithidae species, which were mostly carnivorous. But the scientists think that the Genyornis newtoni was a combination between scavengers and predators.
It’s Possible the Giant Bird Became Extinct after Humans Ate Its Eggs
There are two possible reasons for the extinction of the Genyornis newtoni. The first one is attributed to climate change. While climate change did affect a wide number of species over time and led to the extinction of a great variety of animals, it seems that it is not the case for the giant predator bird in question.
According to the findings, the Genyornis newtoni became extinct after a too short period of time in order for the extinction to be caused by natural causes such as climate change. The last years of the bird coincide with the apparition of the first humans on the Australian continent. Adding the fact that a lot of the egg fragments was found to be processed with fire, there is only a single logical conclusion. The giant bird became extinct after humans ate its eggs.
The Eggshells Were Burnt and Scattered around the Remnants of a Human-made Fire
Eggshells from the Genyornis newtoni’s eggs were found scattered on approximately 2000 sites across the Australian continent. A great majority were buried in sandy places, a common spot chosen by birds to lay their eggs. The sand is warm so it doesn’t only protect them, but also helps them hatch.
Out of the 2000 sites, 200 were special, in the sense that the eggshells prevented evidence of human tampering. The scattered remains of the cantaloupe-sized eggs showed evidence that they were cooked by the early humans.
The team of scientists that worked with the fossilized fragments established that they were exposed to a localized fire source, for example, ember. This means that they weren’t affected by a forest fire that occurs naturally, but that they were cooked by the early humans in order to be eaten.
What is interesting is that the shells were not scattered around without a pattern, but they were clustered together and left by the side of the fire that cooked them. Judging by the amount of shells found in a single spot, it seems that the early humans liked to cook two or three eggs at once.
The Scientists Used Two Different Methods to Determine the Age of the Fossilized Eggshells
In order to find out an accurate approximate age of the fossilized fragments that they found, the researchers used both carbon dating and OSL.
Carbon dating is the most common way to determine the age of fossils. It is a simple procedure that analyzes the decay degree of carbon atoms inside a fossil and then compares it to the levels that were common in a certain era, as carbon concentration modifies every age.
OSL uses a luminescence that is optically stimulated. The method reveals the last time when the quartz grains inside a fossil were last exposed to direct sunlight.
After both measurements, the scientists established that the burnt eggshell fragments were somewhere between 44000 and 54000 years old.
Humans Are the Most Dangerous Species to Have Ever Walked the Earth
This is not the first evidence that points to humans as the reason for the extinction of an entire species. Even compared to great carnivores like the dinosaurs, humans are, by far, the most dangerous species that has ever lived on the planet, being responsible for a wide number of extinctions.
Image source: www.phys.org
About Andreas Petersen
Andreas was too little to remember when he and his parents first set foot in America. He considers himself a true American citizen, but uses every opportunity to promote his Danish origins. He is deeply found of politics, all nations’ politics and generally looks forward to the presidential elections. His BA degree in Political Sciences has helped him get familiar to the constitutional frames of US and non-US nations.
Filed Under: Science Tagged With: cantalope-sized eggs, Genyornis newtoni, Giant Bird, Humans and extinctions
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Greenland'16
2018 Assembly
Biotic indicators of Arctic environmental changes
Organized by: Polish Polar Consortium, Institute of Geography and Regional Development at University of Wroclaw, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management at Jagiellonian University 24. August 2018
The Polish Polar Consortium and various Polish universities are organizing a session on how Arctic terrestrial ecosystems respond to changes in temperature, water and nutrient availability. They will present the latest research on landscape-level vegetation dynamics, Arctic dendrochronology, shrubification and rapid plant colonization in the forefields of retreating glaciers.
Photo by Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management
Stéphane Boudreau, PhD, Universite Laval, Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Quebec, Canada: Impacts of climate change on the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems in Nunavik (subarctic Québec)
Magdalena Opała-Owczarek, PhD, University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Climatology, Sosnowiec, Poland, and Piotr Owczarek, Associate Professor, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Wroclaw, Poland: Influence of extreme climatic conditions on growth rings of Low Arctic shrubs.
Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir, Professor, University of Iceland, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Reykjavik, Iceland: Vegetation and ecosystem responses to climate warming in the high Arctic
Wiesław Ziaja, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Krakow, Poland: Increase in biodiversity after glacial recession in the SE Spitsbergen coast
Bogdan Zagajewski, Associate Professor, University of Warsaw, Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, Warsaw, Poland: Spectral properties of selected High-Arctic plants
Polar environments are changing rapidly due to increases in temperature and other climate variables which affect glacier retreats, snow characteristics, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, the Arctic ecosystems play an important role in the global climate system and quickly reflect the modern environmental changes. Biotic elements of the Arctic environment are very sensitive and are excellent indicators of climate change. All levels of biological organization habitats and taxa reflect these changes. The assessment of terrestrial ecosystem response on climate change can be carried out using a different research techniques that include not only direct surveys and measurements in the field but also remote sensing techniques and dendrochronological research. The session will present the latest research on landscape-level vegetation dynamics, Arctic dendrochronology, shrubification and rapid plant colonization in the forefields of retreating glaciers. This session focuses on how ecosystem processes respond to changes in temperature, water and nutrient availability and landscape changes.
ARCTIC TODAY
Greenland 2016
Arctic Future Challenge
Global Arctic
Lisa Murkowski
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Capability Search
France Aerospace Newsletter.
This newsletter provides headlines, corporate appointments, key figures and business opportunities in the French aerospace sector. It is meant as a business tool between the UK industry and the aerospace team at the British Embassy in France, with the aim of channelling industry interest in pursuing new opportunities highlighted in the newsletter.
For additional information please contact:
Charly Gordon (charly.gordon@fco.gov.uk) – British Embassy Paris
Catherine Cestari (catherine.cestari@fco.gov.uk) – British Consulate Bordeaux
FRANCE AEROSPACE SECTOR NEWS
AIRBUS & CSERIES CLOSE DEAL
Airbus now owns a 50.01% majority stake in CSeries Aircraft Limited Partnership, while Bombardier and Investissement Québec own approximately 34% and 16% respectively. According to Airbus, this brings together two complementary product lines in the 100-150 seat market segment that is projected to represent 6,000 new aircraft over the next 20 years.
AIRBUS OPENS 4th A320 LINE IN HAMBURG
Airbus has inaugurated its fourth A320 production line in Hamburg, Germany. The new facility will play a key role in ramping up Airbus single-aisle production to 60 aircraft per month by mid-2019. It features digital technologies and a more flexible manufacturing configuration to reduce production time by as much as 20%. This is the 8th A320 line with four in Hamburg, two in Toulouse, one in Tianjin and one in Mobile, Alabama.
SAFRAN & BELL ANNOUNCE PARTNERSHIP
Safran Helicopter Engines and Bell will collaborate on a new hybrid-electric propulsion system designed for urban mobility vertical take-off and landing systems. Bell will lead the design, development and production, and Safran will bring its technical expertise in the development of a new propulsion system. Stéphane Cueille, Safran senior executive vice president, R&T and Innovation said that "thanks to the long and sustained technology-development strategy conducted within Safran, we can now offer Bell our hybrid electric power solutions for their next generation products that result in improved performance giving more value to our customers".
SAFRAN LANDING SYSTEMS TO TEAM UP WITH ALVANT
Safran Landing Systems has selected Alvant to participate in the £28 million ‘Large Landing Gear of the Future’ ATI-funded R&D project. The project aims to make use of aluminium matrix composites (AMC) to reduce landing gear weight without decreasing capabilities or safety. Alvant’s objective is to design, manufacture and test AMC brake rods, targeting a 30% weight reduction over an equivalent titanium component.
LATECOERE PLANS NEW FACILITY IN INDIA
Latecoere is expanding its Interconnection Systems business unit with a new facility in India. The unit, based in Belagavi in southwest India, is part of the company's international development under their Transformation 2020 plan. "The new plant is designed to make the Group more competitive and will help us to support our customers in their development initiatives,” stated Latecoere CEO Yannick Assouad.
ATR PREDICTS 80% GROWTH OVER 20 YEARS
ATR predicts in its newly published 2018-2037 market forecast that the number of active 30-90 seat turboprops will grow to 4,060, from 2,260 today. In a briefing in London on 29 June, VP Marketing Zuzana Hrnkova highlighted that the majority of demand (c.80%), will be for aircraft with 60-80 seats, a segment addressed by the ATR 72, while the balance represents an opportunity for the ATR 42. With 740 aircraft, the Asia-Pacific is the region with the greatest predicted demand increase.
FRANCE CORPORATE APPOINTMENTS
Eric Thiebault has recently taken up the role of Chief Procurement Officer at Stelia Aerospace. He previously held several senior procurement positions within Airbus, including VP Procurement Equipment & Systems, VP Procurement Composites & Chemicals and VP Procurement Metallics.
FRANCE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITITES
FARNBOROUGH AIRSHOW 2018
The Department for International Trade team in France will be attending the Farnborough Air Show on 16-19 July to engage with French industry and trade associations, and to maximise opportunities for the UK supply chain during the event. Please feel free to reach out to us ahead of the show to identify areas where we can add value to your projects in France. We look forward to seeing you at the Department for International stand (Hall 1, Stand 1205).
BORDEAUX MRO SHOW 2018
The team in France is working closely with the Bordeaux Aquitaine Aéronautique & Spatial (BAAS) ahead of the Bordeaux MRO Show (26/27 September) to generate new opportunities for UK attendees. The team will also host a reception with local.
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Evidence That Maternal Dengue Antibodies Are Important in the Development of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Infants
Srisakul C. Kliks, Suchitra Nimmanitya1, Ananda Nisalak*, Donald S. Burke
Affiliations: 1 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, * Bangkok Childrens Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, † and Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
Publisher: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 38, Issue 2, 1 Mar 1988, p. 411 - 419
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.411
To establish the role of maternal dengue-specific antibodies in the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome caused by dengue 2 virus in infants, we examined sera from mothers of infants and toddlers with dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome and mothers of infants with pyrexia of unknown origin. The mean titers of hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization, and infection-enhancing activities against dengue 2 virus were not statistically different among the three groups. However, among infants who developed dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome there was a strong correlation between the mothers' dengue 2 neutralizing titers and infant age at the time of onset of severe illness, where no such correlation was found among the other two groups. Furthermore, the actual age at which dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome occurred in each infant correlated with the age at which maximum enhancing activity for dengue 2 infection in mononuclear phagocytes was predicted. This critical time for the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome was observed to be approximately 2 months after the time calculated for maternal dengue 2 neutralizing antibodies to degrade below a protective level. In addition, sera of mothers of infants with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome enhanced dengue 2 virus infection to a slightly greater degree than did sera from mothers of infants with pyrexia of unknown origin and toddlers with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal dengue antibodies play a dual role by first protecting and later increasing the risk of development of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome in infants who become infected by dengue 2 virus.
Copyright © 1988 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The graphs shown below represent data from March 2017
/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.411
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.411
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Monday, January 18th | 5 Shevat 5781
Algemeiner.com
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Lebanon Doesn’t Want to Vaccinate Palestinians for COVID-19; Where’s the Outrage?
The Battle Over Jewish Students and the IHRA Definition of Antisemitism
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The Interests Behind the Saudi-Qatar Rapprochement
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Major Canadian-Jewish Organization Calls on York U to Discipline Staffer Who Called 9/11 a ‘Zionist Attack,’ Said Jews ‘Cut Deal With Hitler’ to Run Nazi Camps
by Lea Speyer
York University lab technologist Nikolaos Balaskas. Photo: York.
Following the appearance on social media of antisemitic and anti-Zionist remarks by a York University staff member, an official from a major Canadian Jewish advocacy group told The Algemeiner that the school’s administration must take decisive disciplinary action.
Aidan Fishman, campus affairs coordinator for B’nai Brith Canada, was referring to a slew of hate-filled Facebook posts over the years by York Department of Physics and Astronomy lab technologist Nikolaos Balaskas, who accused Jews of being “imposters” and “followers of the Evil One,” among other epithets.
Fishman told The Algemeiner on Thursday that his organization became aware of Balaskas’ postings after receiving complaints from a number of Jewish students at York.
“We then investigated the matter ourselves, finding not only that the students were correct, but that Balaskas had written many other antisemitic posts in the past,” he said, adding that his organization “acted swiftly to file a formal complaint with the York administration over this issue.” As a result of this complaint, the York Human Resources Department launched its own investigation, which, it said, would be completed “expeditiously.”
Pompeo: Iran Should Know There is a Cost to Malign Activity ‘Wherever It Takes Place’
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According to Fishman, it is extremely important for strict measures to be taken against Balaskas, “particularly given that previous York investigations into antisemitic conduct have yielded disappointing results, often including no punishment whatsoever for perpetrators.” A strong message needs to be conveyed, he stressed, that antisemitism will not be tolerated at such an institution. “The absence of such a message would signal that the phenomenon is not only tolerated, but welcome, at York,” he said.
Balaskas’ postings were offered as evidence by B’nai Brith Canada of his “violation of a number of York University policies,” Fishman said.
One example provided a post from January 2014, in which Balaskas wrote: “Many of the [Nazi] concentration camps were run by Jews. Most of the Jews running the camps were Zionist Jews who had cut a deal with Hitler. Most of the Jews in the camps were Torah Jews who did not support Zionism, usury, slavery or the Babylonian Talmud.”
Another, from July 2014, called 9/11 a “Zionist attack on New York City…which could not have happened without the full knowledge of high-level American traitors.” And in June 2015, he called the story of Anne Frank a “hoax.”
According to Fishman, Jewish and pro-Israel students at York find themselves in “a very negative campus climate,” with many saying the university has an “antisemitism problem.” He cited an instance of “claims of a ‘Zionist conspiracy’ to hijack the York Federation of Students made publicly at it annual general meeting last year.”
In addition, as The Algemeiner reported in February, controversy erupted over a York Student Center mural depicting a Palestinian aiming a rock at Israelis. As reported by The Algemeiner, Canadian-Jewish media mogul Paul Bronfman, a major donor to the university, pulled his funding after becoming aware of the wall painting.
Commenting on the investigation, York’s chief spokesperson Barbara Joy told The Algemeiner, “York University takes all allegations regarding inequity and discrimination seriously. As such, upon learning of the concern, we took immediate steps to begin and investigation. Our human resources department is leading the process. As this is a confidential employee matter, I am not able to comment further.”
Reports of antisemitism and anti-Zionism on college campuses in Canada have been numerous. In June, McGill made headlines when its Judicial Board ruled that resolutions supporting BDS violate the Constitution and Equity Policy of its student government. The decision came after an 18-month period in which three consecutive BDS campaigns, all of which failed, were waged on campus.
In August, as reported by The Algemeiner, a pro-Israel student advocacy group filed a human-rights complaint against the Student Association and Faculty Association of the University of Ontario Institute of Technology for being denied the chance to take part in a “Social Justice Week” event on campus, due to its endorsement of BDS.
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TSX-V : AHR $ OTC : AXREF $
Home Page / Investor Centre / News Releases
Amarc Works To Re-Partner After Hudbay Relinquishes Exploration Options At Joy And IKE Projects, BC
January 19, 2019 -- Amarc Resources Ltd. ("Amarc" or the "Company") (TSX-V: AHR; OTCBB: AXREF) announces that Hudbay Minerals Inc. ("Hudbay") has relinquished its options to earn an interest in the IKE porphyry copper-molybdenum project near Gold Bridge, British Columbia ("BC"), and also the JOY gold-copper project in the Toodoggone region of north-central BC. Amarc continues to be fully committed to unlocking the emerging value of its 100% owned IKE, JOY and DUKE porphyry copper-gold and copper-molybdenum projects and is now considering new funding partners.
The 464 km2 JOY property covers the northern extension of the prolific Kemess porphyry gold-copper district. Over the last two years, with a total investment of $5.55 million, Amarc/Hudbay consolidated the land package and completed extensive airborne and ground exploration surveys along with compiling thousands of geochemical and geophysical survey data points from previous operators (Gold Fields Toodoggone Exploration Corporation and Cascadero Copper Corporation). This work has delineated multiple, high potential, porphyry gold-copper deposit targets.
Five clusters of drill-ready targets, covering areas from 1.5 km2 to more than 5 km2 are defined by a combination of positive factors that include: extensive IP chargeability highs indicating large sulphide mineralized systems; areas of notable gold and copper enrichment identified by shallow historical drill holes; coincident, high-contrast copper, gold, molybdenum and zinc soil geochemical anomalies; and favorable geology and magnetic signatures. Amarc's team, whose members are credited with being the first to recognize the Kemess district's true potential, having discovered and advanced the Kemess South deposit, believe the JOY project targets have high potential to host multiple, important-scale porphyry gold-copper deposits. Multiple drill holes are required for the initial testing of each target area.
At the 462 km2 IKE property, Amarc/Hudbay completed extensive induced polarization geophysical surveys, talus geochemical sampling and drilling with a total exploration investment of $4.9 million over the last two years. This work has delineated a 3.5 km by 2 km mineralized system which hosts the IKE porphyry copper-molybdenum-silver deposit discovery. Core drilling of 15,455 metres in 26 holes has intersected chalcopyrite and molybdenite mineralization over an increasingly broad area, now measuring 1,200 m east-west by 1,000 m north-south and extending vertically over 875 m. Substantial volumes of mineralized material have been intersected and remain open to further expansion. Extensive regional surveys have also identified a number of other significant porphyry copper (±molydenum±gold±silver) deposit targets all within 10 km of IKE. Amarc believes the IKE project has the potential to possess the grades and tonnages to develop into an important mining camp.
The IKE deposit discovery has important economic potential as indicated by the copper equivalent grades returned over long continuous drill intercepts, which compare favourably to the range of copper equivalent grades for reserves and resources at operating BC porphyry copper (± molybdenum ± gold ± silver) mines. Selected highlights from Amarc's drill holes at IKE are presented below.
SELECT ASSAY INTERVALS
2014-2018 IKE Discovery Drill Holes
Int.1,2
CuEQ3
(g/t)
1 247 0.42 0.28 0.030 2.0
3 92 0.41 0.31 0.020 2.1
10 124 0.45 0.34 0.022 3.2
14 86 0.48 0.33 0.032 2.2
Widths reported are drill widths, such that true thicknesses are unknown.
All assay intervals represent length weighted averages.
Copper equivalent (CuEQ) calculated using: Cu US$3/lb, Mo US$12/lb and Ag US$18/oz. Metallurgical recoveries and net smelter returns are assumed to be 100%.
Some figures may not sum exactly due to rounding.
Amarc Appoints CFO
In other corporate news, Amarc is pleased to announce that Mr. Michael Lee has been appointed Chief Financial Officer of the Company. A Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA, CA), Mr. Lee has more than 15 years of professional experience in accountancy, governance, risk management and regulatory compliance. He previously held positions with professional services firms Ernst & Young and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu providing advisory services to companies in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas. The Company would like to thank the former CFO, Mr. Luqman Khan for his contributions over the last two years.
About Amarc Resources Ltd.
Amarc is a mineral exploration and development company with an experienced and successful management team focused on developing a new generation of BC porphyry copper mines. By combining strong projects and funding with successful management, Amarc has created a solid platform to create value from its exploration and development-stage projects.
Amarc is advancing three 100%-owned IKE, DUKE and JOY porphyry copper deposit projects located in different, prolific porphyry districts in southern, central and northern BC, respectively. Each of the three is located in proximity to industrial infrastructure -- including power, highways and rail. These projects represent significant potential for the discovery of multiple and important-scale, porphyry gold-copper and copper-molybdenum deposits.
Amarc is associated with HDI, a diversified, global mining company with a 30-year history of porphyry discovery and development success. Previous and current HDI porphyry projects include some of BC's and the world's most important mineral resources -- such as Pebble, Mount Milligan, Kemess South, Kemess North, Gibraltar, Prosperity, Xietongmen, Newtongmen, Florence, Sisson, Maggie and IKE. From its head office in Vancouver, Canada, HDI applies its unique strengths and capabilities to acquire, develop, operate and monetize mineral projects to provide superior returns to shareholders.
Amarc works closely with local governments, indigenous groups and other project stakeholders in order to advance its mineral properties responsibly, and to do so in a manner that contributes to sustainable community and economic development. Amarc senior management and project teams seek early and meaningful engagement with local landowners, First Nations and other land interests to ensure its mineral exploration and development activities are well-coordinated and broadly supported, to address local priorities and concerns, and to optimize opportunities for collaboration and local benefit. In particular, the Company seeks to establish mutually beneficial partnerships with indigenous groups within whose traditional territories its projects are located -- including through the provision of jobs, training programs, contract opportunities, capacity funding agreements and sponsorship of community events. All Amarc work programs are carefully planned to achieve high levels of environmental and social performance.
Qualified Person as Defined Under National Instrument 43-101
Mark Rebagliati, P. Eng., a Qualified Person as defined under National Instrument 43-101, has reviewed and approved the technical content in this release.
For further details on Amarc Resources Ltd., please visit the Company's website at www.amarcresources.com or contact Dr. Diane Nicolson, President, at (604) 684-6365 or within North America at 1-800-667-2114.
Ronald W. Thiessen
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor any other regulatory authority accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward Looking and other Cautionary Information
This news release includes certain statements that may be deemed "forward-looking statements". All such statements, other than statements of historical facts that address exploration drilling, exploitation activities and other related events or developments are forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Assumptions used by the Company to develop forward-looking statements include the following: Amarc's projects will obtain all required environmental and other permits and all land use and other licenses, studies and exploration of Amarc's projects will continue to be positive, and no geological or technical problems will occur. The Company cannot guarantee that the Consolidated Loan and issuance of securities contemplated by this release will complete. There is no certainty that the Company will be able to repay the Consolidated Loan or any other outstanding debt or liability of the Company in a timely manner or at all. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include market prices, potential environmental issues or liabilities associated with exploration, development and mining activities, exploitation and exploration successes, continuity of mineralization, uncertainties related to the ability to obtain necessary permits, licenses and tenure and delays due to third party opposition, changes in and the effect of government policies regarding mining and natural resource exploration and exploitation, exploration and development of properties located within Aboriginal groups asserted territories may affect or be perceived to affect asserted aboriginal rights and title, which may cause permitting delays or opposition by Aboriginal groups, continued availability of capital and financing, and general economic, market or business conditions. Investors are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. For more information on Amarc Resources Ltd., investors should review the Company's annual Form 20-F filing with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov and its home jurisdiction filings that are available at www.sedar.com.
File: http://www.amarcresources.com/i/ahr/pdf/Amarc-NR-January-19-2019-sdf.pdf
565 KB, approx. 1 minute, 46 seconds at 56.6Kbps
You can view the Next News Releases item: Fri Oct 4, 2019, Amarc Announces Grant of Stock Option to Director and Officer of the Company
You can view the Previous News Releases item: Tue Dec 11, 2018, Amarc Delineates Multiple Drill-Ready Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit Targets at Joy Property, British Columbia
Amarc Resources Ltd. 15th Floor - 1040 West Georgia Street Vancouver BC V6E 4H1 Canada
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William Smith.William married Forest.
Forest.Forest married William Smith.
F i Rosa Lee Smith was born on 3 Jun 1929.
Robert Conrad Anderson [Parents] was born on 30 Mar 1924 in McDowell Co, WV. He died on 1 Sep 1997 in Redondo Beach, Los Angeles Co, CA. He was buried in Calverton National Cemetery, Calverton, Suffolk Co, NY. He married Rosa Lee Smith on 27 Jun 1946 in East Park, Beckley, Raleigh Co, WV.
Rosa Lee Smith [Parents] was born on 3 Jun 1929 in Raleigh Co, WV. She married Robert Conrad Anderson on 27 Jun 1946 in East Park, Beckley, Raleigh Co, WV.
Conrad Anderson.Conrad married Lula C. Austin.
Lula C. Austin.Lula married Conrad Anderson.
M i Robert Conrad Anderson was born on 30 Mar 1924. He died on 1 Sep 1997.
William Ralph Copeland Sr was born on 17 Apr 1910 in Fries, Grayson Co, VA. He died on 11 Dec 2001 in VA Hospital, Oteen, Buncombe Co, NC. He was buried in Western Carolina State Veterans Cemetery, Black Mountain, Buncombe Co, NC. He married Mary Viola Anderson.
Mary Viola Anderson [Parents] was born on 10 Feb 1923 in Powhatan, McDowell Co, WV. She died on 30 Jul 1996 in Buncombe Co, NC. She was buried in Western Carolina State Veterans Cemetery, Black Mountain, Buncombe Co, NC. She married William Ralph Copeland Sr.
Stanley Hampton Anderson [Parents] was born on 26 Apr 1894 in Smyth Co, VA. He died on 20 Jun 1962 in Powhatan, McDowell Co, WV. He was buried on 22 Jun 1962 in Woodlawn Memorial Park, Bluewell, Mercer Co, WV. He married Odella Estep on 2 Aug 1922 in Northfork, McDowell Co, WV.
Odella Estep was born in 1900 in Washington Co, VA. She married Stanley Hampton Anderson on 2 Aug 1922 in Northfork, McDowell Co, WV.
F i Mary Viola Anderson was born on 10 Feb 1923. She died on 30 Jul 1996.
Thomas Everson.Thomas married Ruby Mae.
Ruby Mae was born in 1915 in AL. She married Thomas Everson.
Ryle, Zebbedde
Stewart, James
F i Eloise Everson was born in 1933. She died on 15 May 2020.
M ii Raymond Everson.
Mason E. White was born in 1900 in WV. He married Belva Justice on 21 May 1925 in Logan, Logan Co, WV.
Belva Justice [Parents] was born in 1903 in Logan Co,WV. She married Mason E. White on 21 May 1925 in Logan, Logan Co, WV.
F i Hellena Justice White was born on 16 Sep 1926. She died on 10 Nov 2012.
Wallace Lee Anderson [Parents] was born on 15 Aug 1923 in Worth, McDowell Co, WV. He died on 26 Apr 1993 in Burlington, Alamance Co, NC. He was buried in Woodlawn Memorial Park, Bluewell, Mercer Co, WV. He married Rosa Lee Mason on 1 Jun 1944 in Northfork, McDowell Co, WV.
Rosa Lee Mason [Parents] was born in 1925 in Northfork, McDowell Co, WV. She married Wallace Lee Anderson on 1 Jun 1944 in Northfork, McDowell Co, WV.
John Anderson.John married Elizabeth Grubb.
Elizabeth Grubb.Elizabeth married John Anderson.
M i William Noah Anderson Sr was born on 6 Sep 1890. He died on 7 Jan 1973.
Sylvester Edward Anderson [Parents] was born on 18 Aug 1923 in Thorpe, McDowell Co, WV. He died on 24 Dec 2000 in Wilkes Regional Medical Center, North Wilkesboro, Wilkes Co, NC. He was buried in Parks Grove Baptist Church Cemetery, Wilkesboro, Wilkes Co, NC. He married Eloise Everson on 13 Mar 1949 in Thorpe, McDowell Co, WV.
Eloise Everson [Parents] was born in 1933 in Birmingham, Jefferson Co, AL. She died on 15 May 2020 in Wilmington, New Castle Co, DL. She was buried on 29 May 2020 in Restlawn Memorial Gardens, Bluewell, Mercer Co, WV. She married Sylvester Edward Anderson on 13 Mar 1949 in Thorpe, McDowell Co, WV.
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London Life Exhibitions
Do Ho Suh at the Victoria Miro Gallery
Do Ho Suh at Victoria Miro Gallery was in my diary for next weekend but when I found myself with some spare time on Saturday late afternoon, I decided to try my luck.
For those of you who’ve been before to the gallery you will know that queuing is on the menu, it just depends for how long. Luckily for me, it wasn’t too bad although I was there for the best part of 90 minutes (60 of those was queuing), so be warned!
Having said all that, this exhibition, entitled: Passage/s is a must see. For anyone who has moved a lot or taken residence in different countries, you’ll be able to identify. Do Ho Suh’s work is about those moments of moving ‘homes’ and what they mean to him. (He was born in Korea, studied in the US, moved to London via Berlin) His ‘translucent fabric structures give form to ideas about migration, transience and shifting identities.’ Rather apt at the moment, given what’s going on in the world.
When you first enter you’ll find Suh has stitched together coloured mesh fabric, recreating the doors and staircases of his past studios and homes in 2D frames. More effective for me was upstairs where his 2D work becomes 3D, real life-size recreations of corridors arranged in pastel-coloured mesh fabrics.
Walking through the fabric sculptures is meant to give you a sense of transitioning but with everyone (including yours truly) snapping away on our mobile phones and cameras, that part was slightly lost for me. I was too fascinated by the details, the beautiful shade of the mesh and admiring the stitching.
Definitely worth returning to, but the thought of queuing yet again will probably put me off. Having said that, while queuing a random group of us started talking to each other – made out of Italians, Romanians, English and me (German). You can imagine what the topic was all about. Yep, Brexit and how we all wish it wasn’t happening.
All works Do Ho Suh – all photography here © Tina Bernstein
Do Ho Suh: Passage/s
16 Wharf Road
London N1 7RW
1 February – 18 March 2017
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Nick Day
Consciousness Central
Chronicles 4
TSC Conference
Mindville
CONSCIOUSNESS: THE GREATEST MYSTERY OF ALL
The phenomenon of consciousness is fundamental to our existence, yet it remains the most profound mystery we can imagine.
Down through the ages, generations of scientists, philosophers, mystics and artists have searched for a deeper understanding of consciousness and the true nature of reality, whether through scientific research, reasoning, creative expression or introspection.
Western biologists and neuroscientists have studied the brain down to the atomic level, but so far an enduring theory of consciousness that combines the physical with the phenomenological remains tantalizingly elusive. Philosopher David Chalmers has called this the "hard problem" of consciousness.
The early 20th century pioneers of quantum physics such as Niels Bohr and Erwin Shrödinger came to realize that consciousness is a fundamental property of the universe, that consciousness may be all there is, and the mind/matter divide is an illusion - albeit a compelling one - something that even Einstein alluded to.
For centuries, the Eastern contemplative traditions utilized the mind as an instrument of exploration, perfecting techniques such as meditation to reveal what has been called our true inner nature.
It now appears that these two very different approaches -- the scientific and the mystical -- have a common ground that may provide the crucial link between empiricism and subjective experience.
Perhaps we will never fully comprehend what consciousness is or how it arises in the universe. But the quest to know itself remains irresistible to the inquiring human mind!
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Participants include philosopher David Chalmers, who famously coined the phrase "the hard problem" of consciousness, author and educator Deepak Chopra, pioneering neuroscientist Christof Koch, philosopher Daniel Dennett, author and broadcaster Susan Blackmore, and many more.
Chronicles 4 offers almost six hours of compelling in-depth conversation, including an exclusive one hour special with renowned mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose, author of The Emperor's New Mind.
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Please choose your Language / Country
DEGerman
Quality Criteria
Partner Jewelers
Precious Metal Alloys
Henrich & Denzel processes the precious metals platinum, gold and palladium, which are mixed (alloyed) with other metals for wedding ring and jewellery production, thereby attaining special characteristics. The more precious metal that there is in an alloy, the purer the alloy and the more exclusive the jewellery is. In our view, especially for engagement rings, wedding rings and jewellery just the best is good enough. Alloys with a fine fraction of under 750/1000, are not offered in our assortment.
The purity is stamped in every ring
The type of precious metal used and its fineness can be recognized by the stamping in each ring manufactured by Henrich & Denzel. The number behind the material identification code (Pt for platinum, Au for gold) describe (in thousandths) the weight proportion of the pure metal on the jewellery composition. For example, of 1,000g of platinum composition 950g are pure platinum - i.e. 95% The remaining 5% of the composition consists of Wolfram, which is »mixed« with the platinum – that means homogeneously blended.
Platin – the most precious of all metals
Henrich & Denzel is one of the few jewellery manufacturers world-wide that prefers processing platinum with a purity of at least 950/1000. This purity grade of 95% ensures that jewellery made of platinum is hypoallergenic. People whose skin is normally very sensitive to many materials generally do not have any problems with platinum. Next to its high purity, platinum has other special qualities.
Platinum is very rarely found in nature – 30 times rarer than gold. From the mining of ore through to the extraction of pure platinum there are 150 complex working steps necessary. More than 99% of the extracted materials fall by the wayside. The extremely high melting point, durability and hardiness present a big challenge for processing.
Platinum is the first choice for jewellery pieces which are meant for eternity. For no other material is so enduring. Platinum is the expression of exclusivity and uniqueness - and therefore created for people who have the highest expectations of jewellery.
Henrich & Denzel platinum is special
In the production of wedding bands, Henrich & Denzel uses the composition Platinum-Wolfram, which in comparison to e.g. Platinum-Copper possesses a higher Vickers Hardness.
Platinum is through and through a white precious metal; i.e., compared with white gold, it is not ‘dyed’ with another metal or does not have to be coated with a layer of rhodium. Therefore, platinum wedding rings are of the highest quality and the longest lasting of all rings.
Gold - Warm Glow
At Henrich & Denzel only gold starting at a purity of 750/1000 up to a purity of 999/1000 is used. Just as with other raw materials, the origin of gold is also important to us. Therefore we support the “No Dirty Gold” campaign of Earthworks, which commits itself to the environmentally friendly and humane extraction of raw materials.
Gold is naturally yellow
For manufacturing gold wedding rings copper and silver is alloyed with the gold. The less copper there is in the alloy the darker yellow the ring is. The most valuable gold alloy is Gold 999 (24 k gold), also known as finegold.
Fine Gold
Fine gold, also called gold 999 or gold 24 carat is the purest gold that can be found. A total of 99,99 % is pure gold whereby the wedding bands of fine gold present something very special. The uniqueness is also shown in the fact that nowadays fine gold is only used very rarely in jewellery design.
For conventional and mechanical processing this precious metal is too soft. This exceptional material can only be formed by a qualified goldsmith into wedding bands and therefore is individually made for you. At the combinations of platinum and fine gold the strong and tough platinum protects the soft fine gold in the inside of the ring.
White Gold and Grey Gold
At Henrich & Denzel white gold is alloyed with palladium, which is gentler on skin than other added metals, and this provides the grey white color. Hence, it is also known as grey gold. If a lighter color wants to be attained, the grey gold has to be coated with a layer of rhodium. Rhodium coated rings are defined as white gold rings. Rhodium can be worn away and with time the darker shade of grey can appear.
© Henrich & Denzel © H|D
www.henrich-denzel.de
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Dr Deepayan Bhowmik
Ph.D. Univ. of Sheffield, UK
Lecturer (Assistant Professor)
Div. of Computing Science & Mathematics
Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
Tel/Fax: +44-(0)1786466407
Directions: https://goo.gl/maps/pBdwkut7HfJ2
Tweets by ditunilu
I am a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in the Division of Computing Science and Mathematics at University of Stirling and responsible for Stirling Vision and Image Processing Laboratory (SVIP). I hold a PhD in Electronic and Electrical Engineering from the University of Sheffield (UK). On previous occasions I worked as a lecturer in Computing at Sheffield Hallam University, a research associate at Heriot-Watt University, & the University of Sheffield and a systems engineer in ABB Ltd.
I'm conducting research in fundamental signal and image processing and its applications. My core research evolves around adaptive signal/image decomposition and model of computations for signal processing system design. Application domains include multimedia security and forensics, drone and satellite imagery, IoT enabled sensor signal processing and low power vision systems design on FPGAs.
I received more than £0.6M grant from various research councils and industry. I'm also the program director of two MSc courses - Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
I'm looking for bright candidates interested in PhD, internship, MSc and Honors project. Be in touch with me for further informaiton.
Selected Publications All Publications»
Google Scholar ORCID
ACM BCB'20 "Ir-Man: An Information Retrieval Framework for Marine Animal Necropsy Analysis", A. Carmichael, D. Bhowmik, J. Baily, A. Brownlow, G. Gunn & A. Reeves, ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics (ACM-BCB 2020), In press.
IET IFS'20 "IoT Security Vulnerabilities and Predictive Signal Jamming Attack Analysis in LoRaWAN", M. Ingham, J. Marchang and D. Bhowmik, IET Information Security, In press.
ACM TOMM'19 "Embedding distortion analysis in wavelet-domain watermarking", D. Bhowmik and C. Abhayaratne, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp 1-24.
IEEE ICASSP'19"Sentiment aware fake news detection on online social networks", O. Ajao, D. Bhowmik and S. Zargari, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Brighton, UK, 2019 (nominated for best student paper award).
IEEE ICASSP'18 "Statistical t+2D Subband Modelling for Crowd Counting", D. Bhowmik and A. Wallace, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 1533-1537, Calgary, Canada, 2018.
ACM TRETS'18 "RIPL: A Parallel Image Processing Language for FPGAs", R. Stewart, K. Duncan, P. Garcia, G. Michaelson, D. Bhowmik and A. Wallace, ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 7:1--7:24, Mar. 2018.
IEEE DSP'17 "The Multimedia Blockchain: A Distributed and Tamper-Proof Media Transaction Framework", D. Bhowmik and T. Feng, International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 1-5, London, UK, 2017.
IEEE ACCESS'16 "Visual Attention-Based Image Watermarking", D. Bhowmik, M. Oakes and C. Abhayaratne, IEEE Access, Vol. 4, pp. 8002-8018, Dec. 2016.
IEEE TIP'16 "Quality Scalability Aware Watermarking for Visual Content", D. Bhowmik and C. Abhayaratne, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 25, Issue 11, pp. 5158-5172, Nov. 2016.
Springer JRTIP'13 "Scalable Watermark Extraction for Real-time Authentication of JPEG 2000 Images", C. Abhayaratne and D. Bhowmik, Springer Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 307-325, 2013.
IOS JAISE'11 "Video Based Technology for Ambient Assisted Living: A review of the literature", F. Cardinaux, D. Bhowmik, C. Abhayaratne and M. S. Hawley, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 253-269, 2011.
All Publications »
PG: ITNPAI1 Deep Learning for Vision and NLP (Spring 2021)
PG: ITNPFT2 Cyber Security (Autumn 2019, 2020)
UG: CSCU9V4 Systems / Computer Architecture (Spring 2019, 2020, 2021)
UG: CSCU9YS Computer Security & Forensics (Autumn 2018)
Professional Engagements
Leadership roles
MSc Program Director for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) at University of Stirling.
Cyber security research theme leader: Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA).
Founder: Stirling Vision and Image Processing (SVIP) research group.
Leading: JPEG international standardisation on media Blockchain.
PhD Examiner
Internal (2019): University of Stirling, UK.
External (2018): Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India.
External (2015): Visvesvaraya Technological University, India.
Journal Editorial
Editorial Board: Elsevier Data in Brief (2018-20).
Lead Guest Editor: Special issue on Advances in Multimedia Signal Processing for Cybersecurity Elsevier JISA
Journal Review Publon profile »
IEEE TIP, TIFS, TCSVT, TMM, ACCESS, TII, Sensors, TCS II,
ACM TOMM,
EURASIP JASP,
Elsevier SP:IC, JISA, JVCIR,
Springer JRTIP, JSPS, MS,
IET CV &
SPIE JEI.
Conference Program Committees / Reviewer
IEEE ICASSP: 2019 Organising Chair: Special session on Signal processing for multimedia security, privacy and trust. [IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing]
IEEE ICIP: 2013-2020. [IEEE International Conference on Image Processing]
IEEE DSP: 2017 Organising Chair: Special session on Multimedia Signal Processing for Cyber-security and Privacy. [IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing]
Approaximate combined value: >GBP 0.6M.
RAEng [2020-23] Royal Academy of Engineering GCRF funding on Multimodal Data Analysis For Monitoring Invasive Aquatic Weeds In India.
SPARK [2019-20] Pump priming research fund at University of Stirling to work on Novel Mathematical Methods For Improving Resolution of Earth Observation Data.
PhD Studenship [2019-22] Jointly funded by STMicroelectronics, Edinburgh and University of Stirling.
PhD Studenship [2019-23] Jointly funded by SRUC, Inverness and University of Stirling.
SPARK [2020] Escalator equipment grant.
Research contract [2020] Industrial collaborative research on Food Recognition with Computer Vision in collaboration with Falcon Foodservices Equipment.
Interface [2019-20] standard innovation voucher on Targeted Advertising with Computer Vision (TACV) in collaboration with Nomadix Media.
Impact fellowship [2017-18] Low power machine vision system on FPGA, Sheffield Hallam University in collaboration with Alpha Data, Edinburgh.
EPSRC [2016-17] Self-Embedding Watermarking for Media Copyright Protection (SeWMediaCoP), EPSRC Digital Catapult fellowship (Researcher in Residence Program).
DHPA [2006-10] EPSRC Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Award at University of Sheffield for PhD study on Robust Watermarking for Scalable Coded Video Streaming || Supervisor: Dr Charith Abhayaratne.
Postdoc Dr Vahid Akbari, Multimodal Data Analysis For Monitoring Invasive Aquatic Weeds In India.
Ph.D. Teymoor Ali, University of Stirling, UK. [Domain specific optimisations for real-time image processing on heterogeneous FPGA+CPU]
Ph.D. Alexander Carmichael, University of Stirling, UK. [Improving animal health in marine ecosystem using data minning and signal/image processing]
Ph.D. Ipshita Roy Chowdhury, University of Stirling, UK. [Modeling and predicting cyber hacking breaches]
Postdoc Dr Ken Reid, Novel Mathematical Methods For Improving Resolution of Earth Observation Data (Completed: 2019).
Ph.D. Dr Oluwaseun Ajao, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. [Fake news detection on Twitter]. Current role: Lecturer in Computing at Sheffield Hallam University, UK (Completed: 2019).
Visiting Ph.D. Sajjad Ahmed, University of Camerino, Italy. [Knowledge engineering to detect fake news in social networks] (Completed: 2019).
Division of Computing Science & Mathematics
4B88, Cotrell Building,
Computing Science,
University of Stirling,
© 2020 | D. Bhowmik. Credits: AR template
[AR template available under Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 licence: https://github.com/dmsl/academic-responsive-template ]
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The Daily Nugget
A San Francisco Blog
Tron Trailer Remix
By Nugget on Tue Mar 30 2010 4:13 pm | 1 Comment
Here is a remixed trailer for the for the film Tron. It is much more exciting than the original 1982 trailer. If the original Tron were re-released with this new remixed trailer it may actually do really well at the box office. Never underestimate the power of a good trailer. Via BoingBoing.
Remixed trailer:
Original trailer:
Tron Legacy Trailer is Awesome!
By Nugget on Tue Aug 04 2009 5:15 pm | Leave a Comment
Tron was the first true feature film to feature computer animation even before Photoshop! They had to create rotoscoped film transparencies to put each composite frame together frame-by-frame for every frame in the film. Some simple frames had like 6 transparencies, but the more complex frames had like 25 transparencies. The film was 100 minutes long! At 24 frames per second that meant 144,000 frames of film had to be created using this antiquated method. Computers created the images, but they were put together the old fashioned way onto film.
Now fast forward almost 28 years. I just managed to find an HD version of the Tron Legacy trailer that was shown at the San Diego Comic Con a couple of weeks ago. It is simply awesome! Clearly they maintained the original design aesthetic created by Syd Mead and Moebius for the original. I am very excited to see what Steven Lisberger and his team can put together using modern methods of computer animation.
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Bethesda interview: consoles! View next topic
Duck and Cover Forum Index » In The News Goto page 1, 2 Next
Mr. Teatime
Righteous Subjugator
Posted: Thu Mar 03, 2005 3:30 am
[Game -> Interview] - More info on Person: Ashley Cheung | More info on Company: Bethesda Softworks | More info on Game: Fallout 3 (Bethesda)
A new interview with Bethesda guy Ashley Cheung is up at Warcry. It's all about ES: Oblivion, but there is some general talk about consoles that I think will apply to Fallout 3.
However, he also made it clear that the development platform isn't a primary concern, saying, "Quite frankly, there are larger barriers to what we can do than just what the development platform is - time and resources being the biggest. We proved with Morrowind that a deep, complex RPG can work on a console. Nobody else would even think to try it - but we did it. And it did very well for us. At the end of the day, we make the game we want to make and then put it out on as many platforms as possible."
Marching to the beat of their own drummer has brought no small degree of success and accolades to Bethesda, and according to Cheng, we can expect much more of that in the future. "You're going to hear a lot more about what we've got planned here at Bethesda in the next few years," he told us. "We are working on groundbreaking stuff internally, and Oblivion is just the beginning. We are grateful to all the people out there who buy and play our games, and we hope you stay with us. It will be worth it - I promise."
I think there can be little doubt that Fallout 3 will be made for consoles as well as the PC. To what extent that affects the game's quality is yet to be seen, though I do feel that Morrowind was console friendly (viewpoint, combat) in a way that Fallout 1 and 2 are not. On the other hand, it's clearly not a question of technology, as in those terms, all the Fallout games could work fine on a console. Then you have examples of the top-down viewpoint in BG: Dark Alliance, and turn-based combat in the Final Fantasy games, so I think there's a (slim) chance we'll get our viewpoint and combat (and no dual systems, please!) despite the console release.
Thanks for the news tip, MSFD.
Strider of the Wastes
Let's hope they don't ruin it to suit the consoles, like they did with DX and Thief, and others.
If it's not on PC, then I won't play it... I don't own a console, nor will I ever as far as I'm concerned.
POOPERSCOOPER
IT WILL be on PC but it will also be on one or more of the next gen machines(probably xbox2). Morrowind was supposedly their sugar nipple, now they are rich and famous
Yeah, I know it'll be on PC, I'm just sayin that I won't play it on any console... And I really don't care much for games that shift over either... Cept for KOTOR 1 & 2... That's the only other RPG I've actually played aside from Fallout... I'm pretty picky. hehe. But, I've seen Morrowind... I dunno... I hope Fallout isnt that bland... Sure, the dynamics were ok... But I dunno. I kinda like what Trokia was cooking up... Top-down / then switch to FPS mode... I really liked that.
Location: Denmark. Smiley-land.
Posted: Thu Mar 03, 2005 3:00 pm
...I saw FOBOS today in my local EB games... I considered spitting on it.. but the shop clerk was keeping an eye on me.
ApTyp
250 Posts til Somewhere
Pussy!
I didn't put it in the news post, but I am actually undecided on how important the viewpoint is. The turn based combat is essential for a good FO game, but the viewpoint I don't know. I sent a question to Tim Cain a month ago about whether the FO viewpoint was just because that was the technology they had, or whether it was a conscious choice over FP and whether they'd make the same decision today. He didn't reply, I guess understandable now knowing the problems Troika were having.
Anyway, I do like the FO viewpoint, but as I said, am undecided on how essential it is. Though I'd say it probably is pretty important to maintaining the FO feel.
S4ur0n27
Mamma's Gang member
Ugh, would you play a TB game with a FP view?
Sovy Kurosei
Vault Veteran
Wouldn't having a game that was turn-based yet in a first person perspective be pretty cumbersome? I know playing Wizardy 8 that I felt that the combat felt a bit off, while Fallout combat with its overhead view fitted like a leather glove.
Cimmerian Nights
Striding Hero
Location: The Roche Motel
TB and FP would be hideous.
My concern is if (at all) there'll be 3rd person with the zoom/rotate a la Freedom Force or an over the shoulder close up view like Thief 3 (which I think seriously limits strategizing).
SDF!
Posted: Fri Mar 04, 2005 12:36 am
You could always change the POV in the game.
Realms of Arkania had FP in towns and dungeons, iso in combat and a worldmap.
Well... First off, what concerns me the most is whats going on behind the eye-candy. The special system is part of what made Fallout... Then there was the "feel" of the game and the plot. We all know that not everyone is going to be pleased 100% of the time... So, I'll be happy with a game that is well built, uses the special system and has an amazeing plot. The only other RPG I've played since Fallout 1, 2 and FOT (which was only partially RPG) has been KOTOR 1 & 2... So as far as the gameing perspective goes and wether or not it is TB, RT w/a Pause button... I dunno... I think that would concern me less. I mean in a perfect world, we'd get what we want and everyone would be pleased, but that's not going to happen.
After thinking about it, I think FO needs to retain the classic viewpoint. KOTOR's viewpoint doesn't do much for me, and whilst Vampire's works for the game it is, it wouldn't work for FO IMO.
Some games have a default viewpoint and the ability to go into FP mode to look around (metal gear solid games do this), maybe that would work. I do know Bethesda want to show they can do a game completely different from the ES style of things (that's the strong impression I've got), and with FO they have that chance.
Posted: Fri Mar 04, 2005 1:06 am
Well, like I said up top, I like what Trokia was doin with the toggle between Top-Down and FP... And come on, done properly, it would be awesome, cruisin through the FO universe in FP mode. But yes, in return, are you sacrifiseing gameply... If they could meld the two, perfectly, without screwing with the gameplay, then I wouldn't mind it.
In the end we should just give a shit about the plot and the characters, it's what make the game most immersive.
DarkUnderlord
Location: I've got a problem with my Goggomobil. Goggo-mobil. G-O-G-G-O. Yeah, 1954. Yeah, no not the Dart.
Plot and characters are important but I've been dieing for a decent turn-based isometric game for a long time and ToEE doesn't cut it.
I heard Freedom Force does the job.
Wolfman Walt
Location: La Grange, Kentucky
Smiley wrote:
I sadly bought Fobos so I could review it for this site but it was just so damn sub-par mediocre that I couldn't get past the first section, much less the other 5 chapters in the game.
Hey, mail it to me
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NI’s view: What keeps telco engineers and scientists up at night
on Monday, May 30, 2016 at 12:46:42 am
National Instruments (NI), known first and foremost as the provider of testing equipment for engineers and scientists, has launched the world’s first software-defined radio (SDR) for the millimetre wave (mmWave) spectrum.
The millimeter-wave region of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponds to radio band frequencies of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and is sometimes called the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) range.
NI’s Senior Manager, Advanced Wireless Research Group, Ian Wong described their mmWave transceiver briefly as a “platform to prototype real-time communications systems, up to the level of field trials.”
He shared about the mmWave transceiver system at the recent IEEE International Conference on Communications in KL, Malaysia, at which NI also conducted a technical demonstration, detailed presentation of its hardware and software architecture, and relevant case studies.
Being a recognised provider of equipment to test telco equipment, as well as design and implementation tools for 5G which is the anticipated next-generation of cellular technology after 4G, NI had also organised a 5G roundtable at the sidelines of the international conference.
At this 5G roundtable, experts and researchers from around the globe converged to share presentations of current trends, academic research and even case studies of practical and industrial implementations, among themselves.
Top of mind for telco engineers and scientists
Wong also observed from not just the roundtable but also his many years working with the telco industry, “There are four vectors to 5G to be investigated.”
The first of these is massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple output), which is the use of antennas at base stations. “Currently there are two to four, but the industry is looking to increase to anywhere from 64 to hundreds (of antennas).”
The idea is to be spectrum-efficient when higher than 6GHz, as spectrum below it are already too expensive.
The second vector is about using new network architectures by mixing and matching different networks, creating what that is called a heterogenous network or hetnet. What if there was a way to use more spectrum in the higher frequencies, or even free and unlicensed spectrum like 2.4GHz and 5GHz?
Engineers and scientists have used SDRs ubiquitously in the spectrum below 6GHz for years. But, companies are investing in mmWave as a potential core technology for 5G. Wong described this third 5G trend, the mmWave as spectrums above 30GHz that is “harder to deal with, although bandwidths can be wider – up to 2GHz.”
This 2GHz real-time bandwidth, is unprecedented.
The fourth hot topic that keeps telco scientists and engineers up at night is the new physical layer that converts bits into electromagnetic waves. “One of the areas of research here is wave forms modulation schemes so that there is minimum interference, agility, efficiency and the lowest latency possible.
Are we ready for 5G?
Third-generation cellular technologies (3G) came, and never really fulfilled its promise before 4G came along. Some say it’s the perfect storm of better networks, better devices, and better content and applications that really pushed 4G forward, and helped it take off.
We are pretty happy being able to stream songs and videos on 4G, and enjoy these content while-on-the-move with our mobile devices.
The experience is lacklustre outside of the urban centre areas, but that is to be expected. Our expectations are still manageable. So, what does 5G mean for us?
Wong opined, “The leading operators will adopt the latest technologies quicker. Ultimately, it’s the market that will push telcos to adopt new and upcoming technologies.”
For a market like Malaysia, is there space for 5G? What new wondrous applications will 5G bring along with it when time comes? Holograms? 4k video? Mobile vid conferencing?
Are we ready for these?
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Arts / Photography / Collections, Catalogs, Exhibitions
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DARS magazine n° 216
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Magic of Colors
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Diary of my Happy Moments
"Diary of my Happy Moments" is a unique book, that combines beauty, fashion, and emotions of very positive energy. It will share with you little secrets of style, health and beauty, told by the testimonial of...
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The Sexy Vegan's Happy Hour at Home: Small Plates, Big Flavors, and Potent Cocktails
by Dharma Mittra
An invaluable resource for the beginning, intermediate, or advanced yoga practitioner, this book contains black-and-white photographs of 608 separate yoga postures from the famous yogi, Dharma Mittra.
Ashtanga Yoga - The Intermediate Series: Mythology, Anatomy, and Practice
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n the first book on Ashtanga Yoga's Intermediate Series, Gregor Maehle guides both practitioners and teachers to the next level.
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The “Feeling Italian” book uses the photographic language to explore multicultural identities and global citizenship.
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When a bus company decided to build their corporate headquarters in Olean, New York, photographer Les Howard turned the construction into a creation. Transitional Photographs of One Blue Bird Square Olean, New...
Rottnest Reflections
by Robyn Roper
The aim of this book is to tempt and tease you, the peruser into wondering, which part of the island the photo was taken!
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Artistic Studies Northern Virginia Art Home Study telecast for one year Torpedo Factory Art League School for Watercolor for three years and ongoing North Light Art School home study correspondence for three...
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Daylight After a Century
by George Jerjian
Dr. George Djerdjian (1870-1947), grandfather of the writer, took 240 photographs of his hometown of Arabkir and his college town of Erzeroum between 1900 and 1907, of which only about 100 survive. These photographs...
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by Stephen Thompson
Subtitled "The Photographic Eye of Jack E. Thompson, Reflections Through A Special Lens is a tribute to the author's late father. Jack Thompson was a well-known photographer and newspaper editor in Parry Sound,...
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Roger Redfern – author, writer and photographer – had been writing about his travels and exploration of different areas of Britain and abroad for over 50 years, most notably as a regular contributor to The...
7 Years of Camera Shake: One Man's Passion for Photographing Wildlife
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Philip Gefter: Photography After Frank
by Philip Gefter
In Photography After Frank, former New York Times writer and picture editor Philip Gefter narrates the tale of contemporary photography, beginning at the pivotal moment when Robert Frank commenced his seminal...
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Oppressed nationality women workers on front lines of U.S. Ebola battle
BY Masao Suzuki | San José, CA | 10/17/14
on Oct. 14, a second nurse, Amber Vinson, was confirmed sick with the Ebola virus after helping to treat Ebola victim Thomas Duncan, who was originally turned away from a hospital after developing a high fever. Three days earlier, another nurse who also helped care for Duncan, Nina Pham, came down with Ebola and was hospitalized.
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Socialist Cuba leading international fight against Ebola
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Programme of Talks
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From the Parish Magazine - Eton Wick History Group Meeting - An Everyday Story of Farming Folk
On the 16th September 1998, the Eton Wick History Group heard how, at one time, four of the farms in the village were farmed by Tenants. Peter Tarrant, who worked not on a farm but at the Airport, was the guest speaker - he had spent much time researching his family's history and was able to tell his audience that his family had been associated with farming since the late 18th Century. The origin of the name 'Tarrant' was De Trent' (c.1100); and early Christian names were often Reginald and ralph. His family tree diagram clearly showed links between the various Tarrants.
It was most interesting to see maps showing the original layout and names of fields in the area, and to see 'turn of the century' photographs of various farms and cottages and compare them and their surroundings (many Elm trees then) with the way they look today. There were photographs of haymaking in the 1920's; and how nice to see the beautifully thatched round ricks; to see the old threshing machine by the Dutch Barn (in 1948) when the threshers would move in at the appropriate time and sleep in barns wherever they happened to be working. To the non-farmers in the audience, it was perhaps a surprise to hear that, in the past, every tenant farmer had to scour his ditches by 30th November, hedges had to be trimmed or layered by 1st November, animals had to be branded (no substitutes allowed), and farmers were allowed to grow 5 acres of turnips in every 20 acres they farmed.
Hammer Stannett - the last Hayward.
We all know now about the Hayward - he was paid 6d. when the cattle were turned out (apparently not until after 6.00 p.m. on 1st May each year) and 4d. per week after that, and no-one was allowed to stop the cattle from grazing. There were about a dozen dairy farmers up until the 1930's and we heard tales of cattle eating wild garlic and subsequent complaints about garlic-flavoured milk!
Mr. Tarrant was able to outline the history of many of the farms in the area; and not just the farms but also the tracks which run through them. For example, the one from our Common Road through the fields to Common Lane at Eton is called 'The Meads'. If you follow the Meadow Lane track right through to Boveney - where it reaches Boveney it is/was referred to as a turnpike.
During the War, prisoners of war used to work on farms in Eton Wick; and, as a reminder of those times, Mr. Tarrant had brought with him some memorabilia including the head of an anti-aircraft shell, part of an incendiary bomb and some brass cannon cases. He described the posts and trenches in the fields - constructed to prevent glider landings.
We saw pictures of the 1947 floods and the severe snow of1963; and heard about Bob Bond's haystack burning down; and the barn which was blown down in 1987, which was also when the roof was blown off Mr. Tarrant's father's cottages.
Then there were the chickens; Mr. Tarrant senior had bred chickens for show as well as for egg production - specialising in Buff Orpingtons and Silver Lace Wyandottes. The final photograph was a beautiful sunset - seen beyond some Elm trees.
Frank Bond thanked Mr. Tarrant for his fascinating talk and highlighted the 9th December meeting when each member is asked to bring one item of interest for a 'MEMBERS' EXHIBITION'. The Committee invited suggestions for the 1999 programme.
During the 1990's the Parish Magazine of Eton, Eton Wick and Boveney reported on the meetings of the Eton Wick History Group. A member of the audience took shorthand notes in the darkened hall. This article was published in the November 1998 edition.
Posted by Steve Denham at 06:00
Labels: Common Land, farms, Local memories, Parish Magazine, Tarrant
The Story of a Village - Eton Wick by Judith Hunter
The War Memorial - Their Names Shall Be Carved In Stone by Frank Bond
WW2 Eton Wick - Around and About Eton Wick by John Denham
The Eton Wick Newsletter - Our Village Collection by the Village Hall
Eton Wick Census Project
Memories of Eton Wick People
Websites that help to explain our history
Wartime memories
A Village Timeline
Search Eton Wick History
The next meeting is on
The Eton Wick Village Hall has now been reopened, but with necessary restrictions due to the Coronavirus Pandemic.
The History Group Talks Programme is currently suspended.
Local History websites
Historic England - Bell Farm Farmhouse
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TVAS Report on Gowers Yard, 114a, 116 and land to rear of 114a High Street, Eton, Berkshire
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E-Books published by Eton Wick History Group
The Eton Wick History Group members have undertaken many research projects since 1992. As part of our website project we will be publishing many of the papers that have been produced as e-books with Smashwords.
How Town Gas came to Eton Wick by Dick Harding
Photographic History - Village Characters - John ...
World War 2 Eighty Years On - January 1941
From the Parish Magazine - Eton Wick History Group...
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1953: Carl Hall and Bonnie Brown Heady
Add comment December 18th, 2019 Headsman
On this date in 1953 — six months after the execution of a more notorious couple, the Rosenbergs — two Missouri kidnappers were gassed together for the abduction-murder of a millionaire car dealer’s son.
Robert Greenlease owed his millions to a string of midwestern GM dealerships planted at the very flowering of America’s interstate system and suburbanization.
Carl Hall and Bonnie Brown Heady reckoned he’d owe some of those millions to them, too.
On September 28 of 1953, those two snatched little Bobby Greenlease Jr from the grounds of a Catholic school in Kansas City via the all-too-easy expedient of Heady presenting herself as Bobby’s aunt.
Then they extorted Sr. to the tune of $600,000, and after several days’ negotiations, Greenlease paid it through an intermediary — a record US ransom sum that would not be surpassed until 1971.
But the motor magnate never saw his son again. Even by the time they’d sent their first ransom note, the kidnappers had shot little Bobby dead at a deserted farm just over the state line in Kansas.
Although this audacious attack on a minor oligarch made national headlines — it couldn’t help but remind of the Lindbergh baby case — the crooks basically had an opportunity to get away scot-free with all their ill-gotten gains. Bobby Greenlease’s body wasn’t discovered until a couple of days after the ransom was paid, and nobody knew who the abductors were at that point.
Hall and Heady absconded to St. Louis but the wealth, like the crime itself, was just too much for these small-time shoulders to bear. Instead of lying low, Hall — after ditching Heady and taking most of the ransom with him, a reckless provocation of his co-conspirator that might itself have blown up his cover in short order — took up residence in an expensive hotel and started throwing money around. A cabbie reported the shabby character’s suspicious spending, and in no time at all the two were in custody.
A further mystery, never solved, entered the case on the night of Hall’s arrest: half the ransom money disappeared. The mob-connected lieutenant who collared Hall and brought him to the station less $300,000 of the score eventually resigned from the force in disgrace and faced federal prosecution for misappropriation and perjury; the cop indicted with him earned a presidential pardon by turning on his comrade. Other ideas were that the criminals had buried half the money (they claimed this, for a while) and that better-connected figures higher up the food chain had taken in. All the bills’ serial numbers had been recorded but only a few were ever known to have surfaced again in later years, in Michigan and Mexico; where these trace remains of a family tragedy might rest today is anybody’s guess.
As for Hall and Heady, they emerged into the glare of national infamy and — because they had crossed the Kansas-Missouri state line — a federal prosecution. Heady remains to this day the last woman executed under U.S. federal auspices.
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch has a detailed photographic retrospective here.
1591: Marigje Arriens - 2018
2009: Gerald Dube, from Cell 10 - 2017
1942: Six aspiring escapees from Dulag-205 - 2016
1946: One sex killer and four POW camp murderers - 2015
1939: Fifty-six Poles shot in retaliation at Bochnia - 2014
1894: John Cronin, by an automated gallows - 2013
1691: Eleven at Tyburn - 2012
1529: Desle la Mansenee in the Luxeuil Trial - 2011
1789: The Canadian Burglars - 2010
1609: Vicente Turixi, King of the Moriscos - 2009
1878: John Kehoe, king and last of the Molly Maguires - 2008
1838: Seven perpetrators of the Myall Creek Massacre - 2007
1930: Eva Dugan, her head jerked clean off
1955: Barbara Graham, of “I Want to Live” fame
1938: Anthony Chebatoris, in death penalty-free Michigan
1924: Gee Jon, debuting the gas chamber
1948: Sam Shockley and Miran Thompson, for the Battle of Alcatraz
1947: Louise Peete, Tiger Woman
Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Common Criminals,Crime,Death Penalty,Execution,Gassed,History,Kidnapping,Milestones,Missouri,Murder,Pelf,U.S. Federal,USA,Women
Tags: 1950s, 1953, bobby greenlease, bonnie heady, carl hall, december 18
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Greyhawk Session 16
March 20, 2011 April 25, 2018 Greyhawk GrognardUncategorizedCampaign Journal, RPG5 Comments on Greyhawk Session 16
Present were Ehrendar Dawngreeter, elf mountebank; Kabliska, human mystic; Theric, paladin of Pholtus; newcomer Liberius Faxen, human savant; Abo Thistlestrike, human mage; Ardo, human cleric of Pelor; and Sir Faust Ensign, human Cavalier.
So last time the party was engaged in finding the stolen Eyes of Sandora for the temple of Pholtus. They came to the conclusion that the outlawed cult of Asmodeus, the Ruby Cult, was behind the theft. Alas, when they came to the temple of Pholtus to share the information they had gleaned, they were informed that the Eyes had been recovered “thanks to information from an individual”. The temple hadn’t known of the involvement of the cult of Asmodeus, however, and was quite grateful for the information. Specifics regarding the cult’s former presence in Greyhawk were scarce, however, but brother Jerome promised to pass along any further information that came his way.
Thus deprived of a specific goal (and curiously uncurious about why the Eyes were no longer missing), the party decided that an evening of delving in the dungeons of the Castle of the Mad Archmage would be in order, as they were a tad low on loot, and such might just alleviate that particular problem.
Having tired of going through the Flesh Render hobgoblins’ territory, the party decided to try another of the dwarves’ various passages. The first room landed them in the clutches of a giant spider which was quickly dispatched. However, further investigation of the passages beyond found them in an unusually wide (20′) corridor, with frescoes of running, track and field, and other athletic competitions. Rounding a corner found them face to face with a five-headed hydra, which prompted a general retreat; unfortunately, the door whence they had come had seemingly disappeared.
This forced the party into a melee. The paladin was laid low, as was the cavalier, and the mystic as well. Fortunately, the latter was able to use her pain management power to stay conscious, but once the hydra was finally defeated, most of the party was in need of rest and recuperation. They repaired from the dungeons and made their respite in the Cock and Bottle, after the cavalier had convinced the rest to recover the hydra’s heads.
After selling the heads at the Guild of Leatherworkers and Tanners, and recouping all their lost hit points, the party made one last foray into the dungeons for the evening. This time, they took the other passage guarded by the dwarves, finding a room of impenetrable shadows. Although no source of light would pierce the gloom, the shadows didn’t seem harmful, and so the party pressed on.
They entered a round room, after spiking the door, and noted a round ball falling off a rack on the far wall, bouncing precisely into a hole in the floor. An examination showed that there were numbers written on the balls, they were light of weight, but putting another into the hole had no effect. The balls were eventually gotten out of the hole by pouring water into it, thus floating them out. Various fenegeling had no effect, and the party left the room, with the mage taking the balls with him as he left.
Minutes later, however, the party encountered the lair of three enormous beetles (remembering their bad luck with the “exploding beetles” a few sessions ago). They set oil aflame to little effect, and ended up engaging the creatures directly, with a few more members being laid low, but the beetles eventually being defeated. The hour was growing late, but the party looked into the next room, finding a chainmail pouch with 6 gems and an iron box containing 125 platinum pieces and what seemed to be a tuning fork. Paying their tithe to the dwarves, the party returned to the city, and the session was ended.
On Game Pricing
A Day of Pushing Lead and Cardboard
5 thoughts on “Greyhawk Session 16”
mortellan says:
Tuning fork? Is that an eating utensil of some kind? Oh man, I haven't seen a tuning fork mentioned in ages. This should be good.
Indeed, I have my doubts if the "track and field" clues in the hydra room are enough for players to figure out they need to run past the beast. I might try a more direct clue if my players get to that room (they have just found a couple of stairs down from "my" 1st level to "your" 2nd in the COTMA) …
Yeah, in retrospect, running past the hydra would probably have kept us from being turned into chew toys, but really, what's more important? Life and limb? Or the renown for killing a hydra?
Now we just have to tell people about it.
Northy says:
I still think a hydra hat would've been astonishingly cool.
Maybe we could find another to slay and keep the heads this time.
Or, perhaps, a dragon?
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Hadashot Arkheologiyot
Excavations and Surveys in Israel
Guide to Contributors
List Of Volumes
Extended Reports
Volume 121 Year 2009
Tell Qasile (West)
Alexander Glick
During January–February 2004, a salvage excavation was conducted at Tell Qasile West (Permit No. A-4086; map ref. NIG 180395–456/667640–697; OIG 130395–456/167640–697), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Africa-Israel Company, which rendered much help during fieldwork, was directed by A. Glick, with the assistance of S. Ya‘aqov-Jam and E. Bachar (administration), V. Essman (surveying), T. Sagiv (field photography) and E. Yannai, E. Ayalon and E. Ayash (consultation).
The site is located c. 400 m west of Tell Qasile, on a kurkar ridge that is covered with dark brown alluvium. A building that stood on the site and dated to the Ottoman period was demolished prior to the excavation.
Seven squares were opened where building remains that may have dated to the Byzantine period and quarries were exposed.
Two perpendicular walls (W2, W3; Fig. 1), built of small stones (up to 0.1 m long) and lined on both sides with probably Byzantine body potsherds whose ribbed side was facing out, were exposed. Analogies for this construction method were not found. The proximity of the walls to the surface and later damage made it difficult to determine their dimensions. They probably served as foundations of a building or as an installation (c. 4.0 × 5.8 m; max. preservation height 0.19 m), whose plan and purpose are unclear. A number of small plaster spots near the walls indicate that parts of the installation or building were probably coated with plaster.
A concrete rectangle, which may be the foundation of another wall that adjoined W2, was exposed c. 0.2 m west of W2. Jar fragments that dated to the Byzantine period were found below the presumed floor level in the corner formed by W2 and W3, which was not preserved. A quarry that did not postdate the Byzantine period was discovered below and north of W2.
An east–west oriented wall (W1; Fig. 2) was discovered in the western part of the area. It was built of medium-sized stones (length 0.2 m), with orange mortar and layers of lime between the two courses. The construction method and the pottery fragments near the wall indicate that it was built in the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries CE. A quarry that probably dated to the Hellenistic period, based on the potsherds it contained, was discovered beneath the wall.
A cave (depth 2 m) was located in the northern part of the area and nearby was a modern well, not completely excavated due to safety precautions. Six pits, probably modern, were revealed and sixteen other points, thought to be ancient, were examined and found devoid of any remains.
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San Francisco Might be the First Major City to Implement a Drug-Take Back Program
Written by Paul Onart
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug take-back programs is a means to remove unwanted, unused and expired drugs (medicines) from the home. The FDA also states on its website that it is committed to working with “medicine manufacturers to develop alternative, safe disposal policies.”
Drug Makers
San Francisco is leading the way in its efforts to become the first leading U.S. city requiring drug-makers to provide funding and administration for a citywide drug take-back program. The program would allow consumers to bring unexpired and unused medicines to drop-off locations for safe disposal.
The San Francisco Board of Supervisors unanimously approved an ordinance in late March. Mayor Edwin Lee can sign the bill by the designated deadline, or it will automatically become law.
The proposed take-back program bill follows the lead of Alameda County, California, which passed a similar law three years ago. The law established a drug take-back program despite pharmaceutical industry protests.
It seems that Big Pharma (the pharmaceutical industry) has concerns that other local governments will follow suit, passing similar laws to protect people and the environment from the hazards of improperly used, misused, diverted and improperly disposed-of pharmaceutical drugs. The issue is money, of course, as the cost of establishing and administering such proposed drug-take back program would fall upon the pharmaceutical industry.
Pharmaceutical Drug Makers & Responsibility
The purpose of a drug take-back program includes reducing drinking water contaminants resulting from the pharmaceutical drugs entering our water supplies and systems, and lowering the threat and risk of drug abuse and addiction that stems from drugs sitting in home medicine cabinets.
City and county officials have voiced their concerns that drug take-back program costs pose a threat of budget overwhelm. Thus, governments are turning to the drug makers for the funding of the much needed and warranted drug take-back programs.
The pharmaceutical industry response to the Alameda County measure to establish a drug-industry funded take-back program was a lawsuit, claiming interference with interstate commerce. Big Pharma also claimed discrimination against out-of-state companies due to “unfairly” placing the burden of costs to industry.
Fortunately, a federal appeals court ruled the Alameda County ordinance did in fact treat all drug-makers equally. It also ruled that a substantial burden was not placed on interstate business by the ordinance.
The drug makers pursued their legal address to the demand for responsibility and warranted funding by requesting a review of the federal appeals court decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. The argument posed by the Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) was of no evidence that drug take-back programs will alleviate environmental concerns or drug diversion. They also argued financial costs would be shifted to out-of-state consumers by drug take-back programs.
While PhRMA apparently continues its desire to shunt responsibility for drug take-back programs to the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Administration and volunteer programs, consumer advocates push forward.
Scott Cassel, chief executive of the non-profit Product Stewardship Institute which supports drug take-back programs, sees the passage of the ordinance as a major step forward. Cassel says the take-back programs hold manufacturers responsible for “post consumer management” of the products they produce.
According to Cassel, the pharmaceutical industry has demonstrated a long history of fighting laws such as the drug take-back program ordinances. He points that if they could avoid the cost of litigation by choosing instead to “engage in dialogue” with non-profits and local governments in creating programs “that make economic and environmental sense.”
According to DrugWatch.com, the net profit of the worlds’ eleven largest drug companies was $714.4 billion dollars (2003-2012). The United States headquarters six of them: Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Abbot Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb---and Eli Lilly.
Healthcare research by worldwide leader IMS Health predicts the global sales of pharmaceuticals to exceed $1 trillion by 2014. The likely cost of legitimate drug-take back programs seems a pittance in comparison.
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COVID-19 Pandemic Updates
COVID-19 Pandemic Updates /
COID-19 Updates: Thursday, 23 April 2020
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Grenada confirms 15th case; one more COVID-19 death in Guadeloupe
coronavirus special update image
One more death, one new case in Barbados
Barbados has recorded its sixth death related to COVID-19. The health ministry said the victim is a 70-year-old diabetic from another CARICOM country who resided in Barbados. He became infected by a known case who had travelled abroad.
According to the health officials, the man was diagnosed and admitted into isolation on 1 April and died around 9:00 yesterday morning.
Meanwhile, after six days without a new infection, a 66-year-old woman has become the 76 person to test positive for COVID-19 in Barbados.
Health officials said the woman contracted the virus after being in contact with a known case on 14 April.
Grenada confirms 15th COVID-19 case
An intensive prove is under way in Grenada in an effort to determine how the country's 15 confirmed coronavirus case contracted the virus.
The health minister, George Mitchell, said in a statement late yesterday that results of a series of tests done on the 45-year-old man had confirmed that he was indeed positive.
Mitchell had announced on Tuesday that the man had been hospitalised with COVID-19 symptoms and was being treated as though he had been infected and was the first case of local transmission. The individual had no travel history.
In his statement yesterday the minister said it still wasn't clear how the man contracted COVID-19.
"Until now, all confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Grenada have been imported or import-related. This current individual in question, has no travel history and currently, officials are yet to determine whether he has been in contact with any of the previously confirmed cases," Mitchell said.
He indicated that health officials had been in discussions with the man's employer, and employees had been asked to self-isolate.
"We have already commenced testing of every known contact of the individual, including his fellow employees, in keeping with our contact tracing protocol. In the days ahead, these efforts will continue," he said.
"While we have treated every case or possibility of a case, as profoundly serious, this particular one calls for increased vigilance in the immediate. Again, we are yet to determine where this individual contracted the virus," Mitchell added.
One more COVID-19 related death in Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe's regional public health authority, agence régionale de santé (ARS) announced that another person has died from the coronavirus, the tenth person to succumb to the virus there since the first case was confirmed on 13 March.
In its latest update today, ARS said the victim was an elderly man with underlying conditions and no travel history.
"We regret a new death today. He is a 75-year-old man who had been hospitalised since March 31 with [underlying conditions]. He hadn't travelled," ARS said.
The French Caribbean overseas department has confirmed 149 cases, 82 of whom have since recovered.
Meanwhile, Martinique has recorded ten new cases since its last update on Friday.
ARS said today there are now 170 confirmed cases, 14 of whom have died and six in intensive care.
Over half of COVID-19 cases in Jamaica come from workplace clusters
The workplace has been one of the largest contributors to a rapid rise in coronavirus cases in Jamaica, with over half of the total number of those infected happening at work.
A release from the National Influenza Centre today stated that has reported that seven of the 19 positive tests received in the past 24 hours are associated with the workplace cluster. The 19 positive samples brings the number of confirmed cases in Jamaica 252. Less than two weeks ago, on 15 April, there were just 73 confirmed infections.
"There are now 131 confirmed COVID-19 cases related to the workplace cluster. Their ages range from 18 to 52 years. They include 104 females and 27 males," health officials said in the release. Thy are primarily from the south-eastern parishes of St Catherine and St. Andrew, and the capital, Kingston, the influenza centre said.
The health departments across the island are ctracing 1,409 close contacts of the confirmed cases, officials revealed.
12th COVID-19 death added to list in St. Maarten
St. Maarten has revised the death toll from COVID-19 upwards, after it was discovered that a man who died recently had been infected with the virus.
The prime minister, Silveria Jacobs, said in a statement last night that after the cause of death was determined to be uncertain, the decision was taken to conduct a post-mortem COVID-19 test, which came back positive.
This brings the number of coronavirus-related fatalities in the Dutch Caribbean country to 12.
Jacobs added that as of 4 pm yesterday, there were 73 confirmed cases, two more than the previous day.
"No evidence of community transmission" in SVG
Health authorities in St. Vincent and the Grenadines are seeking to quell speculation of community transmission of the coronavirus in the multi-island nation.
Following confirmation of a new case on Tuesday – bringing the total count to 13 – Vincentians began to speculate about how the individual was infected.
The health ministry has now issued a press release stressing there's no evidence of community transmission, although the chief medical officer, Dr Simone Keizer, has stated that local transmission was a possibility.
"Ongoing preliminary investigations into the new case point to a possible local transmission, since the individual in question has no known travel history," the ministry quoted Beache as saying.
However, it sort to make the distinction between the two forms of transmission, explaining that community spread refers to instances where several people in a community test positive for COVID-19 without any known contact with an imported case, while local spread describes a situation where the person was never abroad, but was exposed to an imported case, so that the source of the infection can be identified.
There was no information about the latest case, which brought the number of confirmed positive results to 13. Of these, three have recovered.
-By Johnson JohnRose
Latest COVID-19 Pandemic Updates
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CARICOM struggles over issue of testing tourists for COVID-19
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COVID-19 Update: Tuesday 26 May 2020
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Past conferencs
UA Badminton Club
Applied Math Seminar, Spring 2017
Organized by Shan Zhao
Time: 3:30 - 4:30 pm, Fridays
Location: 228 Gordon Palmer Hall, Department of Mathematics, University of Alabama
Hristo Sendov
Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, University of Western Ontario
Title: Stronger Rolle's Theorem for Complex Polynomials
Shan Zhao
Department of Mathematics, University of Alabama
Title: On developing stable finite element methods for pseudo-time simulation of biomolecular electrostatics
Abstract: The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation (PBE) is a widely used implicit solvent model for the electrostatic analysis of solvated biomolecules. To address the exponential nonlinearity of the PBE, a pseudo-time approach has been developed in the literature, which completely suppresses the nonlinear instability through an analytic integration in a time splitting framework. This work aims to develop novel Finite Element Methods (FEMs) in this pseudo-time framework for solving the PBE. Two treatments to the singular charge sources are investigated, one directly applies the definition of the delta function in the variational formulation and the other avoids numerical approximation of the delta function by using a regularization formulation. To apply the proposed FEMs for both PBE and regularized PBE in real protein systems, a new tetrahedral mesh generator based on the minimal molecular surface definition is developed. Numerical experiments of several benchmark examples and free energy calculations of protein systems are conducted to demonstrate the stability, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed PBE solvers. This is a joint work with Weishan Deng and Jin Xu (Institute of Software, CAS, China).
Roger Sidje
Title: Inexact chemical master equation via tensor reduction methods
Abstract: In a biological cell, the chemical master equation (CME) that models biochemical reactions with multiple species and large copy numbers of these species is a significant challenge due to the enormous size of the state space. This so-called curse of dimensionality has been a barrier for traditional approaches aimed at directly solving the CME. However, recent research based on tensor reduction methods is showing promise owing to the ability to cope much better with higher dimensional problems. We build on insights from our framework of inexact Krylov methods and report early results on some problems that had been challenging to traditional approaches.
Zhihan Wei
Title: A spatially second order alternating direction implicit (ADI) method for solving three dimensional parabolic interface problem
Abstract: A new matched alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is proposed in this presentation for solving three-dimensional (3D) parabolic interface problems with
discontinuous jumps and complex interfaces. In time discretization, this method is found to be first order and unconditionally stable in numerical experiments. In space discretization, it achieves a second order of accuracy based on simple Cartesian grids for various irregularly-shaped surfaces and spatial-temporal dependent jumps. Computationally, the matched ADI method is as efficient as the fastest implicit scheme based on the geometrical multigrid for solving 3D parabolic equations, in the sense that its complexity in each time step scales linearly with respect to the spatial degree of freedom N, i.e., O(N). Furthermore, unlike iterative methods, the ADI method is an exact or non-iterative algebraic solver which guarantees to stop after a certain number of computations for a fixed N. Therefore, the proposed matched ADI method provides a very promising tool for solving 3D parabolic interface problems.
Xiaowen Wang
Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Alabama
Title: High-Order Shock-Fitting Solvers and Numerical Simulations of Hypersonic Flows
Abstract: High-order numerical simulations of hypersonic/non-equilibrium flows have received considerable attention in the research community in the past two decades because of their potential in delivering higher accuracy. In this talk, I will first summarize my achievements in developing of high-order shock-fitting solvers for both perfect gas flows and high-enthalpy non-equilibrium flows. These solvers have been successfully applied to hypersonic flow simulations including boundary-layer stability and transition control, and shock-turbulence interaction. As an example, I will talk about the patent for a new control strategy of laminar hypersonic flow by using discrete and/or continuous surface roughness. Finally, I will go through future directions of high-order numerical simulations related to space and astronautics applications such as thermal protection system, pulse detonation engine, and environmental challenges inherent in future high speed vehicles.
Biosketch: Dr. Xiaowen Wang is an assistant professor at the Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics department. Before joining UA, he was a Senior Scientist at Ohio Aerospace Institute and working as a contractor at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. He holds a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of California at Los Angeles, a M.S. degree in Fluid Mechanics and a B.S. degree in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Wang is an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and a member of the AIAA Thermophysics Technical Committee. His main research interests are high-order numerical methods, hypersonic boundary-layer stability and transition control, and thermochemical non-equilibrium flows.
Yuyuan "Lance" Ouyang
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University
Title: First-order methods for structured convex optimization
Abstract: First-order optimization methods have drawn more and more attentions in recent years, due to their efficiency in solving large scale optimization problems that arise from big data models. Many big data analysis problems can be formulated as composite convex optimization, in which the model to be solved consists of a loss function that describes data fidelity, and a regularization term that enforces structural properties of the computed solution (e.g., total variation, low rank tensor, overlapped group lasso, graph regularization, etc.). In order to design efficient first-order methods, it is important to utilize the structure of both the fidelity and regularization terms in the objective function. In this talk, I will present some first-order methods that explore the structures of large optimization problems. Examples of useful special structures include smoothness of loss functions, saddle-point reformulation for regularization terms, and variational inequalities reformulation of the objective function.
Gary C. Cheng
Title: Space-Time CESE Method -- Current Status and Future
Abstract: With the advance of computer hardware and numerical methodologies, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a popular engineering tool for analyzing a wide range of fluid flow problems. While routine computations are being performed regularly for qualitative assessment and gross parametric studies, the trend is moving towards higher-fidelity computations for problems involving strong transient effects and relatively complex geometries as well as physics, such as aeroacoustics, shock-boundary layer interaction, fluid-structure interaction, electromagnetic waves, etc. Unfortunately, the established CFD methods treat the flow dependency of space and time separately, and require that higher-order discretization schemes be employed in the temporal and spatial directions to capture the transient flow phenomena. The use of higher-order schemes generally leads to more numerical diffusion in simulating complex flow structures such as interaction between acoustic waves and shocks. In addition, for most established numerical schemes evaluation of convective flux is constructed using a characteristics-based approximate solution to the Riemann problem, which is fundamentally one dimensional and its extension into multiple dimensions has not been mathematically proved. A space-time conservation-element solution-element (CESE) method, developed by Dr. S.-C. Chang of NASA GRC, implements the coupled treatment of the flow dependency on space and time, which is considered to be physically correct and necessary for modeling transient flows. This numerical method is genuine multi-dimensional and second-order accurate in both space and time that is capable of offering remarkable accuracy in resolving flow discontinuities and unsteady waves simultaneously. In this seminar, the numerical approach of the CESE method will be introduced, the results obtained from some applications (both inviscid and viscous flows) of this method will be presented, and the strengths, weaknesses, as well as its future development will be discussed.
Brendan Ames
Title: How to reliably find a hidden clique
Abstract: The clique problem is a classical problem in combinatorics: given a graph G and positive integer k, determine if G contains a complete subgraph on k vertices. Although this problem is known to be NP-hard, we’ll discover that the problem is solvable in polynomial time for a special class of problem instances. In particular, we can recover a sufficiently large clique hidden by noise from the solution of a particular convex relaxation. Finally, we’ll show that this phase transition to perfect recovery of the hidden clique depends on the amount of noise present in the graph, and establish significantly improved recovery guarantees in the presence of sparse noise.
May 26, 2017 (11am at 346 GP)
Shibin Dai
Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University
Title: Phase-Field Free Energy and Boundary Force for Molecular Solvation
Abstract: We discuss a phase-filed variational model for the solvation of charged molecules with implicit solvent. The solvation free-energy functional of all phase fields consists of the surface energy, solute excluded volume and solute-solvent van der Waals dispersion energy, and electrostatic free energy. The last part is defined through the electrostatic potential governed by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in which the dielectric coefficient is defined through a phase field. We prove Gamma- convergence of the phase field free-energy functional to its sharp-interface limit. We also define the dielectric boundary force for any phase field as the negative first variation of the free-energy functional, and prove the convergence of such force to the corresponding sharp-interface limit.
Applied Math Seminar, Fall 2016
Time: 10 - 11 am, Fridays
September 2, 2016 (Colloquium of Mathematics Department)
Heping Zhang
Susan Dwight Bliss Professor of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University
Title: Statistical Strategies in Analyzing Data with Unequal Prior Knowledge
Abstract: The advent of technologies including high throughput genotyping and computer information technologies has produced ever large and diverse databases that are potentially information rich. This creates the need to develop statistical strategies that have a sound mathematical foundation and are computationally feasible and reliable. In statistics, we commonly deal with relationship between variables using correlation and regression models. With diverse databases, the quality of the variables may vary and we may know more about some variables than the others. I will present some ideas on how to conduct statistical inference with unequal prior knowledge. Specifically how do we define correlation between two sets of random variables conditional on a third set of random variables and how do we select predictors when we have information from sources other than the databases with raw data? I will address some mathematical and computational challenges in order to answer these questions. Analysis of real genomic data will be presented to support the proposed methods and highlight remaining challenges.
Yangyang Xu
Title: ARock: asynchronous parallel coordinate update
Abstract: The problem of finding a fixed point to a nonexpansive operator is an abstraction of many models in numerical linear algebra, optimization, and other areas of scientific computing. To solve this problem, we propose ARock, an asynchronous parallel algorithmic framework, in which a set of agents (machines, processors, or cores) update randomly selected coordinates of the unknown variable in an asynchronous parallel fashion. The resulting algorithms are not affected by load imbalance. When the coordinate updates are atomic, the algorithms are free of memory locks. We show that if the non-expansive operator has a fixed point, then with probability one, the sequence of points generated by ARock converges to a fixed point of the operator. Stronger convergence properties such as linear convergence are obtained under stronger conditions. As special cases of ARock, novel algorithms for linear systems, convex optimization, machine learning, distributed and decentralized optimization are introduced with provable convergence. Very promising numerical performance of ARock has been observed. We present the numerical results of solving sparse logistic regression problems.
Department of Computer Sicence, University of Alabama
Title: Spatial Big Data Analytics: Classification Techniques for Earth Observation Imagery
Abstract: Spatial Big Data (SBD), e.g., earth observation imagery, GPS trajectories, temporally detailed road networks, etc., refers to geo-referenced data whose volume, velocity, and variety exceed the capability of current spatial computing platforms. SBD has the potential to transform our society. Vehicle GPS trajectories together with engine measurement data provide a new way to recommend environmentally friendly routes. Satellite and airborne earth observation imagery plays a crucial role in hurricane tracking, crop yield prediction, and global water management. The potential value of earth observation data is so significant that the White House recently declared that full utilization of this data is one of the nation's highest priorities. However, SBD poses significant challenges to current big data analytics. In addition to its huge dataset size (NASA collects petabytes of earth images every year), SBD exhibits four unique properties related to the nature of spatial data that must be accounted for in any data analysis. First, SBD exhibits spatial autocorrelation effects. In other words, we cannot assume that nearby samples are statistically independent. Current analytics techniques that ignore spatial autocorrelation often perform poorly such as low prediction accuracy and salt-and-pepper noise (i.e., pixels predicted as different from neighbors by mistake). Second, spatial interactions are not isotropic and vary across directions. Third, spatial dependency exists in multiple spatial scales. Finally, spatial big data exhibits heterogeneity, i.e., samples with identical feature values may belong to different class labels in different regions. Thus, predictive models learned globally may perform poorly in many local regions.
This talk investigates novel SBD analytic techniques to address some of these challenges. To address the challenges of spatial autocorrelation and anisotropy, we introduce novel spatial classification models such as spatial decision trees for raster SBD (e.g., earth observation imagery). To scale up the proposed models, efficient learning algorithms via computational pruning are developed. The proposed techniques have been applied to real world remote sensing imagery for wetland mapping. We will also introduce spatial ensemble learning framework to address the challenge of spatial heterogeneity, particularly the class ambiguity issues in geographical classification, i.e., samples with the same feature values belong to different classes in different spatial zones. Evaluations on three real world remote sensing datasets confirmed that proposed spatial ensemble learning outperforms current approaches such as bagging, boosting, and mixture of experts when class ambiguity exists. The talk will conclude with future research directions.
Biography: Dr. Zhe Jiang is currently an assistant professor in computer science at University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, in 2016. Prior to that, Zhe received his B.E. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2010. His research interests include spatial big data analytics, spatial and spatiotemporal data mining, spatial database, geographic information system, as well as their interdisciplinary applications in climate science, natural resource management, environmental science, transportation, public safety, public health, etc.
Stavros Belbas
Title: Modeling and control via spatiotemporal functional series
Abstract: The well-known Wiener-Voletrra functional series has been applied to problems involving temporal signals (the independent variable is time). Here, we present a more general model that involves also spatial independent variables and various forms of discontinuities and singularities. A relevant variational calculus is also developed.
Mengpu Chen
Title: Augmented Lagrangian method for Euler's elastica based variational models
Abstract: Euler's elastica is widely applied in digital image processing. It is very challenging to minimize the Euler's elastica energy functional due to the high-order derivative of the curvature term. The computational cost is high when using traditional time-marching methods. Hence developments of fast methods are necessary. In the literature, the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) is used to solve the minimization problem of the Euler's elastica functional by Tai, Hahn and Chung and is proven to be more efficient than the gradient descent method. However, several auxiliary variables are introduced as relaxations, which means people need to deal with more penalty parameters and much effort should be made to choose optimal parameters. In this dissertation, we employ a novel technique by Bae, Tai, and Zhu, which treats curvature dependent functionals using ALM with fewer Lagrange multipliers, and apply it for a wide range of imaging tasks, including image denoising, image inpainting, image zooming, and image deblurring. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Besides this, numerical experiments also show that our algorithm gives better results with higher SNR/PSNR, and is more convenient for people to choose optimal parameters.
Christopher Wanstall
Title: A step function density profile model for the convective stability of CO2 geological sequestration
Abstract: The convective stability associated with carbon sequestration is usually investigated by adopting an unsteady, diffusive basic profile to account for the space and time development of the carbon saturated boundary layer’s instabilities. Due to the time dependence of the nonlinear base profile, the instability threshold conditions are expressed as critical times at which the boundary layer instability sets in. This paper adopts an unstably stratified basic profile having a step function density with top heavy carbon saturated layer overlying a lighter carbon free layer. The resulting configuration resembles that of the Rayleigh-Taylor problem with the exception that there is no free interface separating the two layers and that buoyancy diffusion takes place between the layers. We consider a model that takes into account the anisotropy in both permeability and carbon dioxide diffusion, and chemical reactions between the CO2 rich brine and host mineralogy. We carry out a linear stability analysis to derive the instability threshold parameters for two sets of boundary conditions. First, an upper boundary that is perfectly permeable and a lower boundary that is impervious to mass flow. Second, we consider an upper boundary that is nearly impermeable and a lower boundary that is impervious to mass flow. In each case, the base state consists of a heavy carbon-rich brine layer overlying a lighter carbon-free layer separated by a horizontal non-free interface. We solve for the minimum thickness of the carbon-rich layer at which convection sets in and quantify how its value is influenced by diffusion anisotropy, permeability, reaction and type of boundary conditions. The step function density profile is found to yield convective iso-concentration contours that are non-smooth and have a tongue-like shape. We quantify the non-smoothness property by deriving expressions for the CO2 flux at the interface. The linear problem corresponding to the second set of boundary conditions is extended to the nonlinear regime, the analysis of which leads to the determination of a uniformly valid super critical steady solution.
Burcu B. Keskin
Information Systems, Statistics , and Management Science, University of Alabama
Title: Sourcing Strategies Under Supply and Demand Uncertainty
Abstract: Supply chain risk management receives increasing attention due to the complexities arising from shorter product life cycles, higher customer expectations, and increasing dependencies among supply chain entities. We study the optimal use of downward substitution and multi-sourcing for a capacitated firm subject to supply and demand risk. We study a capacitated firm that is subject to supply and demand uncertainty. The firm sells two products that differ in the quality of one component, i.e., high and low quality variants of the product. The firm procures the higher quality component from a single, perfectly reliable supplier. For the lower quality component, two suppliers are available. One supplier is expensive, but perfectly reliable while the other is cheaper, but unreliable. Specifically, with a positive probability, the cheaper supplier fails to deliver an order, which we refer to as a disruption. In addition to dual sourcing, the firm may also substitute units of the higher quality component in place of the lower quality component when needed, i.e., downward substitution. The downward substitution capability also permits the firm to use some amount of the higher quality component as hedge inventory, used only in the event of a disruption. The supply risk arises from the unreliability of a component supplier who fails to deliver with some positive probability. To buffer against the supply unreliability, the firm may choose to source from a more expensive, but perfectly reliable supplier, or substitute a higher quality component (i.e., downward substitution). The downward substitution capability permits the firm to use the higher quality component to hedge against a supply disruption of the lower quality component.
In this work, we characterize the optimal role of downward substitution and dual sourcing in mitigating supply and demand risk via an exact analysis for a limited capacity setting. Specifically, we develop a mathematical model for a two-product setting and analyze the first-order conditions to identify situations where various combinations of the sourcing strategies are optimal. Interestingly, when capacity is limited, we show that an i) optimal strategy may employ downward substitution, even when no disruption occurs; and ii) contrary to the known results from the literature, an optimal sourcing strategy may sole source from the reliable, and more expensive supplier without an order from the unreliable, but cheaper supplier. The former result shows that decision makers may use downward substitution as not only a reactive tactic but also a means to achieve higher utilization in a capacitated environment with supply uncertainty.
This is a joint work with Nick Freeman (Univ. Houston), Sharif Melouk (UA) and John Mittenthal (UA).
Sagy Cohen
Department of Geography, University of Alabama
Title: Research at the Surface Dynamics Modeling Lab: from global-scale and long-term riverine modeling to local-scale remote sensing and simulations of flood events
Xin Luo
Title: Development of Modal Interval Algorithm for Solving Continuous Minimax Problems
Abstract: While there are a large variety of effective methods developed for solving more traditional minimization problems, much less success has been reported in solving the minimax problem. Continuous minimax problems can be applied to engineering, finance and other fields. Sainz, M.A. in 2008 proposed a modal interval algorithm based on his semantic extensions to solve continuous minimax problems. We developed an improved algorithm using modal intervals to solve unconstrained continuous minimax problems. A new interval method is introduced by taking advantage of both the original minimax problem and its dual problem (called maximin problem). The new algorithm is implemented in the framework of uniform partition of the search domain. Various improvement techniques including more bisecting choices, sampling methods and deletion conditions are applied to make the new method more powerful. Preliminary numerical results provide promising evidence of its effectiveness.
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama
Title: Automatic Chronostratigraphy from 3D Seismic Image
Abstract: Chronostratigraphy analysis is one of the important routines for oil and gas exploration. Horizons interpretation is the key for successfully structure model building and chronostratigraphy interpretation. Usually horizon interpretation is performed by human identifying the reflection events on 3D seismic image and it is time consuming task. In this presentation, we propose methods to construct the seismic horizons aligned reflectors in 3D seismic image. We first determine the dips of reflectors through the structure tensor of 3D seismic image. We use multiple sets of control points to generate a more accurate horizon volumes from 3D seismic image. The constraints are implemented through preconditioners in the conjugate gradient algorithm.
Jun Ma
Department of Economics, Finance and Legal Studies, University of Alabama
Title: The Impact of EMU on Bond Yield Convergence: Evidence from a Time-Varying Dynamic Factor Model
Abstract: This paper examines the role of the EMU in explaining observed changes in sovereign bond yield. Using monthly data on long term government bond yields for the period 1993:01 through 2015:05 for 21 OECD countries, we decompose the bond yield changes into a global factor, two regional factors (EMU and non-EMU countries), and idiosyncratic country specific factors and estimate a dynamic factor model with time varying parameter and stochastic volatility a la Del Negro and Otrok (2008). We find that before the financial crisis the global factor dominated other factors in terms of explaining the observed bond yields changes for most countries in our sample. In the post funancial crisis period there is substantial heterogeneity in the relative importance of the EMU and the idiosyncratic factors across different countries. The EMU factor consistently played a dominant role in explaining bond yield changes in Italy and Spain, whereas its dominance was intermittent in the case of Greece. For Greece, in the post financial crisis period the country specific factor emerged as the dominant factor driving the bond yield dynamics. We also find that the EMU share in bond yield changes in Ireland and Portugal has increased significantly since 2012.
David Cruz-Uribe
Title: Variable Lebesgue spaces: theory and applications
Weihua Su
Title: Low-Order Computational Modeling for Nonlinear Aeroelasticity of Highly Flexible Aircraft
Abstract: High-altitude, long-endurance (HALE) aircraft may be used for various missions, including environmental sensing, telecom relay, and military reconnaissance. These aircraft feature long and slender wings, which may undergo large deformations during normal operating loads, exhibiting geometrically nonlinear behavior. Because of this inherently high flexibility, traditional linear theories do not provide accurate estimations on HALE aircraft aeroelastic characteristics. A methodology that can effectively model and analyze nonlinear aeroelasticity of these very flexible aircraft will be addressed in this talk. The new framework integrates a strain-based geometrically nonlinear beam model, a finite-state unsteady subsonic aerodynamic model, and a 6-DoF rigid-body flight dynamic formulation, which allows for the coupled nonlinear aeroelastic and flight dynamic analysis of highly flexible aircraft in free flight. With this framework, the coupled effects between the large deflection due to the vehicle flexibility and the flight dynamics, as well as other aeroelastic effects (e.g., flutter instability and gust response) can be properly accounted for. Some unique nonlinear aeroelastic characteristics of very flexible aircraft will be illustrated in this talk.
Degui Zhi
Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Title: Statistics for genomic big data: genotype calling and haplotype phasing for next-generation sequencing
Abstract: As we are entering the "$1000 genome" era, DNA sequencing generate enormous amount of complex genomic data. A central goal for modern genomic data science is to reconstruct the actual genomic sequences of an individual out of a large number of error-containing DNA fragments. It turns out that, because the fact that all humans are related, the best approach is to do the reconstruction jointly from a number of individuals using population genetics models. In this talk, we will start with a historical perspective over the main methods and algorithms for this problem, and discuss some latest results from our group.
Toyin Alli
Title: Statistical Networks with Applications in Economics and Finance
Abstract: Due to the vast amount of economic and financial information to be stored and analyzed, the need for the study of high dimensional networks has increased dramatically. Typical approaches for determining the groupwise information to infer statistical networks include lasso and large covariance matrix estimation regularizations. In this talk, I will investigate the application of the nodewise lasso algorithm to U.S. economic and financial data over the past 50 years. I used the nodewise lasso to estimate statistical networks of varying sparsity levels to describe the conditional dependence structure of a dataset consisting of 131 U.S. macroeconomic time series. With these estimated networks, I describe how they can be chosen from and interpreted in the context of both the statistical literature and the existing economic theory to enlarge our knowledge of economic and financial network structure.
February 26, 2016 (Colloquium of Mathematics Department)
Emil Alexov
Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Clemson University
Title: Multi-scale modeling of kinesin motion along microtubule utilizing DelPhi Poisson-Boltzmann solver
Abstract: Electrostatics plays major role in molecular biology because practically all atoms carry partial charge while being situated at Angstroms distances. Many biological phenomena involve the binding of proteins to a large object. Because the electrostatic forces that guide binding act over large distances, truncating the size of the system to facilitate computational modeling frequently yields inaccurate results. Here we report a multiscale approach that implements a computational focusing method that permits computation of large systems without truncating the electrostatic potential and achieves the high resolution required for modeling macromolecular interactions, all while keeping the computational time reasonable. We tested our approach on the motility of various kinesin motor domains. We found that electrostatics help guide kinesins as they walk: N-kinesins towards the plus-end, and C-kinesins towards the minus-end of microtubules. Our methodology enables computation in similar, large systems including protein binding to DNA, viruses, and membranes. Lab webpage: http://compbio.clemson.edu
Janna Fierst
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama
Title: Sex in genetic and genomic evolution
Abstract: One of the central problems in biology is understanding how sex influences evolution. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation through meiotic recombination, and that single difference results in a broad array of consequences at genetic and phenotypic levels. My research aims to take an innovative approach to understanding the role of sex in genetic and genomic evolution by integrating evolutionary theory and modern molecular data. Evolutionary theory has a rich conceptual and mathematical history, but until recently we could not generate the necessary data to test theoretical predictions and produce informed, biologically grounded theory. Biological technology is rapidly advancing on all fronts, and recent progress in computing, high-throughput sequencing, and molecular biology means that we are now poised to test many fundamental theoretical predictions regarding genetic evolution. I am currently pursuing two main areas of research: 1) The influence of reproductive mode on the genome evolution; and 2) Sex and system-level evolution.
Jose E. Castillo
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University
Title: 3D viscoelastic anisotropic seismic modeling with high-order mimetic finite-differences
Abstract: We present a scheme to solve three-dimensional viscoelastic anisotropic wave propagation on structured staggered grids. The scheme uses a fully-staggered grid (FSG) or Lebedev grid, which allows for arbitrary anisotropy as well as grid deformation. This is useful when attempting to incorporate a bathymetry or topography in the model. The correct representation of surface waves is achieved by means of using high-order mimetic operators, which allow for an accurate, compact and high-order solution at the physical boundary condition. Furthermore, viscoelastic attenuation is represented with a generalized Maxwell body approximation, which requires auxiliary variables to model the convolutional behavior of the stresses in lossy media. We present the scheme's accuracy with a series of tests against analytical and numerical solutions. Similarly we show the scheme's performance in high-performance computing platforms. Due to its accuracy and simple pre- and post-processing, the scheme is attractive for carrying out thousands of simulations in quick succession, as is necessary in many geophysical forward and inverse problems both for the industry and academia.
Mingyi Hong
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University
Title: Iteration Complexity Analysis of Block Coordinate Descent Methods: Sublinear Convergence and Improved Rates
Abstract: In the first part the talk, we provide a unified iteration complexity analysis for a family of general block coordinate descent (BCD) methods, covering popular methods such as the block coordinate gradient descent (BCGD) and the block coordinate proximal gradient (BCPG), under various different coordinate update rules. We unify these algorithms under the so-called Block Successive Upper-bound Minimization (BSUM) framework, and show that for a broad class of multi-block nonsmooth convex problems, all algorithms covered by the BSUM framework achieve a global sublinear iteration complexity of O(1/r), where r is the iteration index. Moreover, for the case of block coordinate minimization (BCM) where each block is minimized exactly, we establish the sublinear convergence rate of O(1/r) without per block strong convexity assumption. Further, we show that when there are only two blocks of variables, a special BSUM algorithm with Gauss-Seidel rule can be accelerated to achieve an improved rate of O(1/r^2).
However, these bounds are all explicitly dependent on K (the number of variable blocks), and are at least K times worse than those of the gradient descent (GD) and proximal gradient (PG) methods. In the second part of the talk, we close such theoretical performance gap between BCD and GD/PG. First we show that for a family of quadratic nonsmooth problems, the complexity bounds for BCD and its popular variant Block Coordinate Proximal Gradient (BCPG) can match those of the GD/PG in terms of dependency on K. Our bounds are sharper than the known bounds for cyclic BCD by at least a factor of K. Second, we show an improved iteration complexity bound for general convex problems.
Bio: Mingyi Hong received his B.E. degree in Communications Engineering from Zhejiang University, China, in 2005, his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Stony Brook University in 2007, and Ph.D. degree in Systems Engineering from University of Virginia in 2011. From 2011 to 2014 he was with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, first as a Post-Doctoral Fellow, then a Research Associate and a Research Assistant Professor. He is currently a Black & Veatch Faculty Fellow and an Assistant Professor with the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (by courtesy), Iowa State University. His research interests are primarily in the fields of large-scale optimization theory, statistical signal processing, next generation wireless communications, and their applications in big data related problems.
Adam Branscum
Biostatistics Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
Title: New Developments in Bayesian Semiparametric Regression
Abstract: Fresh approaches to flexible Bayesian modeling of complex data using Polya trees and Dirichlet processes will be illustrated for linear regression, risk regression, ROC regression, and Youden index regression. Specifically, a new method is introduced for risk regression with continuous response data that simultaneously provides a goodness of fit test of logistic regression and the opportunity for semiparametric estimation of risks, risk ratios, and odds ratios. Computational methods for empirical and fully Bayesian inference are considered, and theoretical results establishing the consistency of an empirical Bayes goodness of fit test are presented. Dependent Polya trees provide the foundation for a novel semiparametric regression model with the flexibility to accommodate evolving residual distributions; the methodology can be used in a wide range of regression models, including in linear and nonlinear fixed-effects, random-effects, and mixed-effects models. A dependent Dirichlet process mixture model with B-splines is used to determine the covariate-specific accuracy of and optimal cutoff value for a diagnostic medical test by estimating a popular summary measure of test accuracy, namely the Youden index. Important theoretical results on the support properties of the model are discussed. Applications to lung cancer diagnosis, immune function during childhood, obesity, and the age-specific accuracy of glucose as a biomarker of diabetes will be presented.
Title: Fractional Brownian Motion and Application in Hedging Strategy
Hwan-Sik Yoon
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama
Title: Automatic Control of Excavator Manipulator using Neural Network-Based Position Estimator
Abstract: Hydraulic excavators perform numerous tasks in the construction and mining industry. Although ground grading is a common operation, proper grading cannot easily be achieved as it requires a coordinated control of the boom, arm, and bucket cylinders. Due to this reason, automated grading control is being considered as an effective alternative to conventional human-operated ground grading. In this research, a path-planning method based on a 2D kinematic model and inverse kinematics is used to determine the desired trajectory of an excavator's boom, arm, and bucket cylinders. Then, the developed path planning method and PI control algorithms for the three cylinders are verified by a simple excavator model developed in Simulink. For the feedback control of the cylinder displacements, a neural network-based computer vision system is developed and used to estimate position of an excavator manipulator in real time. The simulation results show that the proposed grade control strategy has the potential to automate the basic grading operation of a hydraulic excavator.
Summer Atkins
Title: Fast Classification of Big Data: Proximal Methods for Sparse Discriminant Analysis
Abstract Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a classical technique for supervised classification, is known to fail while interpreting data where the number of features of the data set is larger than the number of observations. To address this issue, Clemmensen et al. (2011) developed a sparse version of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) called sparse discriminant analysis (SDA) which allows feature selection and classification to be simultaneously performed. SDA classification performance shows great promise, however its execution timing is slow relative to other existing approaches for LDA in the high-dimensional setting. To improve efficiency of SDA, we propose three new heuristics, which apply the following techniques for solving the SDA problem: alternating direction method of multipliers, proximal gradient method, and accelerated proximal gradient method. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our new versions of SDA for classifying simulated data and data drawn from applications in time-series classification.
Miloud Sadkane
Department of Mathematics, University of Brest, France
Title: Computing the distance to the set of unstable quadratic matrix polynomials
Abstract: This talk considers the computation of the distance from a stable quadratic matrix polynomial to a nearest unstable one in the discrete or continuous sense. The distance problem is recast as a palindromic eigenvalue problem for which a structure preserving algorithm is developed.
Min Sun
Title: Interval Search Algorithms for Global Optimization
Abstract: In this talk, the standard framework of interval algorithms for global optimization of continuous functions is reviewed, followed by introduction of several recent strategies for acceleration of the standard interval algorithm. One major improvement strategy is in the memory management, and another important improvement is about effective treatment of special constraints in order to obtain better accuracy of the upper bound of the optimal objective function value. Some analytic results and supporting numerical test outcomes are presented. Examples of potential applications of such optimization methods are suggested.
Title: Dynamic stability for integrodifferential equations
Abstract: We study the extension of Hill's method of infinite determinants to the case of integrodifferential equations with periodic coefficients and kernels. We develop the analytical theory of such methods, and we obtain certain qualitative properties of the equations that determine the boundaries between regions of dynamic stability and dynamic instability.
Hassan Fathallah-Shaykh
Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Title: Model of Malignant Brain Tumors: From a PDE to the Clinics and Biology
Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to its invasiveness. Hypoxia-driven motility and concentration-driven motility are two mechanisms of GBM invasion of the brain. The use of anti-angiogenic drugs has uncovered new progression patterns of GBM associated with significant differences in overall survival times. I will discuss a concise system of equation that models the biology of GBM including the motility, replication, and angiogenesis/anti-angiogenesis . The model, built at the scale of clinical magnetic resonance imaging, replicates the imaging features of GBM and uncovers a previously unknown pattern of progression, which was clinically validated. The model is also applied to conduct in silico clinical trials; the results identify novel motility-based GBM phenotypes, effective therapeutic strategies in each of the GBM phenotypes, and a correlation of therapeutic efficacy with overall survival times. This investigation underscores the potential significance of mathematical models.
Lin Li
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama
Title: Mesascale Material Modeling for Advanced Metallic Systems
Roger B. Sidje
Department of Mathematics, University of Alabama.
Title: Efficient solution of the chemical master equation by a Krylov-based finite state projection guided by the stochastic simulation algorithm
Abstract: Solving the chemical master equation (CME) allows us to model and simulate the stochastic behavior of biochemical reactions that take place within a biological cell. The mathematical framework is a continuous time Markov chain with a discrete state space that describes the composition of molecules inside the cell. Computing the transient probability distribution of this Markov chain allows us to track the composition over time, and this has important practical applications. However, solving the CME is challenging because the state space is very large or even countably infinite. Truncation and approximation techniques such as the finite state projection and inexact Krylov subspace techniques lead to reduce-sized problems that capture enough of the cell dynamics. But these problems can still be quite large. We show how striking improvements can be further achieved by combining these reduction techniques with the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA). This work is supported by NSF grant DMS-1320849.
Lunji Song
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, China
Title: Superconvergence property of an over-penalized discontinuous Galerkin finite element gradient recovery method
Abstract: A polynomial preserving recovery method is introduced for over-penalized symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin solutions to a quasi-linear elliptic problem. As a post-processing method, the polynomial preserving recovery is superconvergent for the linear and quadratic elements under specified meshes in the regular and chevron patterns, as well as general meshes satisfying Condition(\epsilon?, \sigma). By means of the averaging technique, we prove the polynomial preserving recovery method for averaged solutions is superconvergent, satisfying similar estimates as those for conforming finite element methods. We deduce superconvergence of the recovered gradient directly from discontinuous solutions and naturally construct an a posteriorierror estimator. Consequently, the a posteriori error estimator based on the recovered gradient is asymptotically exact. Extensive numerical results consistent with our analysis are presented.
4-5pm, Oct 16, 2015 (Colloquium of Department of Mathematics)
Hailiang Liu
Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University.
Title: Entropy Satisfying Numerical Methods for Fokker-Planck-type Equations
Abstract: Kinetic Fokker-Planck equations arise in many applications, and thus there has been considerable interest in the development of accurate numerical methods to solve them. The peculiar feature of these models is that the transient solution converges to certain equilibrium when time becomes large. For the numerical method to capture the long-time pattern of the underlying solution, some structure preserving methods have been designed to preserve physical properties exactly at the discrete level. I shall explain the main ideas and challenges through several model equations in different applications. Numerical results are reported to illustrate the capacity of the proposed algorithms.
Huy D. Vo
Title: Direct solution of the chemical master equation for the p53 regulation
Abstract: A stochastic model of cellular p53 regulation was proposed in [G. B. Leenders, and J. A. Tuszynski, Frontiers in Oncology, 3(64):116, 2013] to study the interactions of p53 with MDM2 proteins. The role of stochasticity in determining the behavior of the system was studied there using stochastic simulation. We revisit the previous study by using an alternative computational strategy, namely to solve the chemical master equation (CME) directly by a fast adaptive finite state projection method. Numerical results demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach are reported. This work is supported by NSF grant DMS-1320849.
Laurentiu Nastac
Title: Advances on Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Al-based Alloys and Nanocomposites Fabricated via Ultrasonic and Electromagnetic Processing
Abstract: The metal-matrix-nano-composites (MMNCs) in this study consist of an Al alloy matrix reinforced with 1.0 wt.% SiC 50 nm diameter nanoparticles that are dispersed within the molten alloy matrix using ultrasonic cavitation (UST) and induction melting technologies. The required ultrasonic parameters to achieve the required cavitation for adequate degassing and refining of the Al alloy as well as the fluid flow characteristics for uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles into the 6061 alloy matrix are being investigated in this study by using a magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) model and an UST model. The MHD model accounts for turbulent fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification, electromagnetic field as well as the complex interactions between the solidifying alloy and nanoparticles by using ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS Fluent Dense Discrete Phase Model (DDPM) and a particle engulfment and pushing (PEP) model. The MHD model is coupled with a stochastic microstructure model to predict the formation of the microstructure during the UST and electromagnetic stirring (EM) processing of alloys and nanocomposites. The effects of UST on the solidifying microstructure of the A356-based alloys and nanocomposites was studied experimentally and numerically. Fine globular grain structures (of about 10-20 microns) were observed in the cast samples obtained via UST during solidification. Also, the eutectic microstructure was greatly modified when UST was applied during solidification.
BIOSKETCH: Dr. Laurentiu Nastac is an Associate Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at the University of Alabama, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tuscaloosa, AL, a Key FEF Professor and the Director of the Solidification Laboratory and of the UA-COE foundry. For his teaching and research activities please visit his website: http://lnastac.people.ua.edu/. Dr. Nastac developed 8 software tools, made over 160 presentations, co-authored 3 patents, over 150 publications and more than 70 scientific reports in the materials science and manufacturing fields, and co-authored 8 books, one is a monograph titled "Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure Evolution in Solidifying Alloys" published by Springer in 2004.
4-5pm, Nov 13, 2015 (Colloquium of Department of Mathematics)
Todd Burwell
Manager, Engineering Mathematics Group, Boeing Research & Technology
Title: An Overview of Applied Mathematics at Boeing
Abstract: In this talk we will give an overview of Boeing Research and Technology and discuss how we support the major Boeing business units. We will discuss research and consulting in Applied Mathematics in an industrial setting and give a few examples from Statistics and Operations Research consulting. We will then finish with a discussion on current research on approximate modeling and Multiobjective Optimization.
Mingwei Sun
Title: Bayesian Nonparametric Multivariate EWMA Control Chart for Process Changepoint Detection
Abstract: Multivariate control charts for monitoring multivariate process commonly assume that the observations are from multinormal distribution, which may not hold in many practical applications. And many multivariate control charts can only detect the shifts in mean instead of scale or both. In this paper, a Bayesian nonparametric multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart for sequential observations monitoring the process mean and variability simultaneously by a single control chart in phase II applications is proposed. We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric test statistic based on evolving density estimates. A novel evolving exponentially-weighted density estimate based on a Polya tree predictive rule, which is centered at the widely-used normal families, is found to have excellent power and robustness to detect both location and scale shifts, as well as shifts in skew and modality in simulations. The procedure is further demonstrated on multivariate real data in ambulatory monitoring.
Layachi Hadji
Title: Nonlinear convection in unbounded regions
Abstract: In the past half century, perturbations methods have been successful in finding stable solutions to the equations governing nonlinear convection, namely the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy conservation equation, in systems with horizontal boundaries such as the Rayleigh-Bénard set-up. In the absence of horizontal boundaries, such as the infinite vertical channel (IVC) problem or unbounded and uniformly stratified (UUS) regions, the methods fail to capture the nonlinear solutions. In this talk, which is based on work done with my graduate student Rishad Shahmurov, I will discuss the recently discovered similarity type solutions to the IVC problem. These solutions are found to be stable to general two-dimensional, time-dependent disturbances. Furthermore, when the analysis is extended to the UUS case, we find that the fluid becomes linearly unstable through a Batchelor-Nitsche (BN) instability mechanism. Thus, the nonlinear solutions are obtained through a long wavelength expansion, and consequently our analysis also provides the nonlinear development of the BN instability.
Waller Russel
Title: Topology, dynamics, and data
Abstract: In this talk, we apply some tools used to study the interaction between topology and dynamics to the study of data. In particular, we use combinatorial methods to study Anosov flows and pseudo-Anosov flows on graph manifolds. As demonstrated by W. Thurston and G. Perelman, graph manifolds are precisely the 3-manifolds with vanishing simplicial volume. This means, loosely, that they are amenable to approximation by simplices, and are thus of special interest within the burgeoning new field of topological data analysis. Having equipped these graph manifolds with an Anosov or pseudo-Anosov flow, the extra structure provided by the dynamics reveals additional information about the topological structures modeling the data, and also allows researchers to manipulate the data being modeled while preserving its salient topological features.
February 13, 2015 (Colloquium of Department of Mathematics)
Yujiang Wu
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, China.
Title: Lopsided PMHSS method for Complex Systems
Abstract: Based on the preconditioned modified Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (PMHSS) iteration method, we introduce a lopsided PMHSS (LPMHSS) iteration method for solving a broad class of complex symmetric linear systems. The convergence properties of the LPMHSS method are analyzed, which show that, under a loose restriction on parameter $\alpha$, the iterative sequence produced by LPMHSS method is convergent to the unique solution of the linear system for any initial guess. Furthermore, we derive an upper bound for the spectral radius of the LPMHSS iteration matrix, and the quasi-optimal parameter $\alpha$ which minimizes the above upper bound is also obtained. Both theoretical and numerical results indicate that the LPMHSS method outperforms the PMHSS method when the real part of the coefficient matrix is dominant. (Joint work with A.L. Yang and X. Li)
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama.
Title: Fractional diffusion equations: Lagrangian approximation and tempered stable
Abstract: This talk will introduce the numerical approximation and hydrological applications of fractional-order diffusion equations (FDEs). We will focus on 1) a tempered stable model (truncating the standard alpha-stable density) to simulate preasymptotic transport in heterogeneous media (i.e., aquifers, fractures, rivers, and soils), and 2) a general Lagrangian solver to approximate various FDEs. We propose a three-step fractional adjoint method combined with a time-domain Langevin equation, which lead to the particle-tracking based fully Lagrangian solver. Such a numerical solver can be regarded as a specific continuous time random walk with Lévy motion in space, time, or both, providing discrete stochastic approximations for the FDEs. We will show that the grid-free Lagrangian solver interprets the dynamics underlying the target FDEs and provides the only viable tool for the vector FDE with space-dependent parameters and multiscaling spreading rates.
Ryan Hartman
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama.
Title: Flow Chemistry with Microchemical Systems for Chemicals, Energy, Healthcare,and Sustainability
Douglas Shepherd
Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver
Title: Information from fluctuation: multiscale stochastic analyses to improve efficiency of single-cell studies
Abstract: There has been an explosion of quantitative biochemical, imaging, and computational techniques that enable investigations into biological regulation at the level of individual cells. One key observation from these techniques is highly variable cell-to-cell expression of messenger RNA in response to external stimuli in populations of otherwise identical cells. Reduced-order stochastic mathematical frameworks have been successful at predicting the shape and nature of this cell-to-cell variability in genetic regulatory networks in a number of different organisms. Here, we present a mathematical framework that considers the temporal, spatial, and cell-to-cell variability of messenger RNA, based on our previous efforts in modeling genetic expression. This framework allows one to identify the most informative experiments to reduce both model and parameter uncertainty. The resulting insight allows us to propose a multi-scale modeling approach that can extract more information from less experimental data while also reducing computational costs by orders of magnitude.
Leighton Wilson
Title: Unconditionally stable time splitting methods for the electrostatic analysis of solvated biomolecules
Abstract: In this talk, we introduce unconditionally stable operator splitting methods for solving the time dependent nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (NPB) equation, a framework vital to the electrostatic analysis of solvated biomolecules. In a pseudo-transient continuation solution of the NPB equation, a long time integration is needed to reach the steady state. This calls for time stepping schemes that are stable and accurate for large time increments. The existing alternating direction implicit (ADI) methods for the NPB equation, although fully implicit, are only conditionally stable. To overcome this difficulty, we propose several new operator splitting schemes. We also consider further accuracy improvements to the new schemes, including Richardson extrapolation. In addition, we present some preliminary results on increasing stability for ADI methods using a regularization scheme.
Duc Nguyen
Title: Time-Domain Matched Interface and Boundary Methods for Transverse Electric Modes with Complex Dispersive Interfaces
Abstract: The material is dispersive when its permittivity or permeability are functions of frequency. Therefore, the dispersive material is often used to simulate the electromagnetic waves' movements in the complex environment such as in soils, rock, ice, snow, and biological tissue. As a result, it plays an important role in numerous electromagnetic applications. For instance, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) and microwave imaging for early detection of breast cancer are involved in dealing with dispersive soil and dispersive tissue respectively. It is known that the transverse electric (TE) Maxwell's equations with the presence of the dispersive media produce non-smooth and discontinuous solutions. We formulate the interface auxiliary differential equations (IADEs) to acquire evanescent changes of the field regularities along the interface. A novel matched interface boundary time-domain (MIBTD) based on the leapfrog scheme is proposed to rigorously implement the time-dependent jump conditions. Numerical tests indicate the second order of accuracy is achieved in both $L_\infty$ and $L_2$ norms when dealing with the complex interfaces
Department of Mathematics, University of West Georgia
Title: On node selection for pseudo-spectral collocation methods
Abstract: In this talk I will discuss several choices of nodes for pseudo-spectral collocation methods. A justification for the "optimality" of the scaled-Chebyshev nodes for interpolation is given. Node distributions which could yield better results than the most commonly used Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto nodes for approximating derivatives of functions and for approximating antiderivatives of functions are proposed. A fast algorithm for computing pseudo-spectral integration matrices is also discussed.
April 10, 2015 (Colloquium of Department of Mathematics)
Timothy Hanson
Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina
Title: Recent Advances in Bayesian Spatial Survival Modeling
Abstract: With the availability of large cancer registries such as SEER (http://seer.cancer.gov/), survival data on spatially referenced outcomes has become more routinely encountered over the last decade. A review of modeling time-to-event data for spatially-correlated outcomes is provided, focusing on traditional frailty models within the context of proportional hazards, accelerated failure time, proportional odds, and nonparametric approaches. Then, recent advances in marginal modeling through spatial copulas are presented. Analyses of several data sets broadly illustrate the pros and cons of different survival and spatial correlation models.
Brian Munsky
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University
Title: Quantifying, Modeling and Predicting Stochastic Spatiotemporal Fluctuations of Signal-Activated Gene Expression
Abstract: Spatial, temporal and stochastic fluctuations cause genetically identical cells to exhibit wildly different behaviors. Often labeled "noise," these fluctuations are frequently considered a nuisance that compromises cellular responses, complicates modeling, and makes predictive understanding all but impossible. However, if we examine cellular fluctuations more closely and match them to discrete stochastic analyses, we discover an untapped, yet powerful information resource [1]. In this talk, I will present our collaborative endeavors to integrate single-cell experiments with precise stochastic analyses to gain new insight and quantitatively predictive understanding for Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signal-activated gene regulation. I will explain how we experimentally quantify transcription dynamics at high temporal (1-minute) and spatial (1-molecule) resolutions; how we use precise computational analyses to model this data and efficiently infer biological mechanisms and parameters; how we predict and evaluate the extent to which model constraints (i.e., data) and uncertainty (i.e., model complexity) contribute to our understanding, and how we design novel experiments to rapidly and systematically improve this understanding. I will illustrate the effectiveness of our integrated approach with the identification of predictive models for MAPK induction of transcription in yeast [2] and mammalian [3] systems.
1. B. Munsky, G. Neuert and A. van Oudenaarden, Science, 2012, 336, 6078, 183-187.
2. G. Neuert, B. Munsky, et al, Science, 2013, 339, 6119, 584-587.
3. A. Senecal, B. Munsky, et al, Cell Reports, 2014, 8,1, 75-83.
Title: Improving and extending the Davison-Man method
Abstract: The Davison-Man method is an iterative technique for solving Lyapunov equations for which the approximate solution is updated through matrix integrals and doubling procedures. In theory, the convergence is quadratic and, in practice, there are examples where the method stagnates and no further improvement is seen. In this talk an implementation that avoids stagnation is proposed. The implementation is applicable to Lyapunov and Sylvester equations and has essentially optimal efficiency. Finally, an extension to large-scale case is presented and its convergence properties are analyzed.
May 8, 2015 (Colloquium of Department of Mathematics)
2 - 3 pm, at GP 302
Shibo Liu
School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, China
Title: Minimization Methods and Existence of Solutions for Nonlinear Differential Equations
Title: New Developments of Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) Algorithms for Biomolecular Solvation Analysis
Abstract: In this talk, I will first present some tailored alternating direction implicit (ADI) algorithms for solving nonlinear PDEs in biomolecular solvation analysis. Based on the variational formulation, we have previously proposed a pseudo-transient continuation model to couple a nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (NPB) equation for the electrostatic potential with a geometric flow equation defining the biomolecular surface. To speed up the simulation, we have reformulated the geometric flow equation so that an unconditionally stable ADI algorithm can be realized for molecular surface generation. Meanwhile, to overcome the stability issue associated with the strong nonlinearity, we have introduced an operator splitting ADI method for solving the NPB equation. Motivated by our biological applications, we have also recently carried out some studies on the algorithm development for solving the parabolic interface problem. A novel matched ADI method has been developed to solve a 2D diffusion equation with material interfaces involving complex geometries. For the first time in the literature, the ADI finite difference method is able to deliver a second order of accuracy in space for arbitrarily shaped interfaces and spatial-temporal dependent interface conditions.
Title: Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Methods with Implicit Time-Integration Techniques for Nonlinear Parabolic Equations
Abstract: We prove existence and numerical stability of numerical solutions of three fully discrete interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving nonlinear parabolic equations. Under some appropriate regularity conditions, we give the l2(H1) and l_infty(L2) error estimates of the fully discrete symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin-scheme with the implicit theta-schemes in time, which include backward Euler and Crank-Nicolson finite difference approximations. Our estimates are optimal with respect to the mesh size h. The theoretical results are confirmed by some numerical experiments.
Chuan Li
Title: Solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and calculating electrostatics via parallel computing for large marcromolecules and complexes
Abstract: One common approach to study electrostatics in molecular biology is via numerically solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) and calculating the electrostatic potential and energies. However, all existing numerical methods for solving the PBE become intolerably slow due to high computational cost when macromolecules and complexes are large enough to consist of hundreds of thousands of charged atoms. Parallel computing is a cutting-edge technique which teams up multiple computing units and significantly speeds up the calculation. In this talk, I will present a set of parallel computing algorithms developed to solve the PBE. As a demonstration of efficiency and capability of these algorithms, computational results obtained by implementing these algorithms in the program DelPhi on real macromolecules and complexes are given as well.
September 26, 2014 (Colloquium of Department of Mathematics)
Lili Ju
Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina
Title: A Parallel Computational Model for 3D Thermo-Mechanical Stokes Flow Simulations of Ice Sheets
Abstract: In this talk we focuses on the development of an efficient, three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled, nonlinear Stokes flow computational model for ice sheet simulation. The model features stable and high-order accurate discretizations on variable resolution grids. In particular, we employ a locally mass-conserved finite element approximation for the Stokes problem, an efficient iterative solution method for treating the viscosity nonlinearity, an accurate finite element solver for the temperature equation, and a conservative finite volume solver for handling change of ice thickness. We demonstrate efficiency and physical reliability of the Stokes model using various numerical tests on manufactured solutions, benchmark experiments and the realistic Greenland ice-sheet.
Charles O'Neill
Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Alabama
Title: Practical CFD in an Aircraft Prototyping Environment
-- Necessity is the mother of all inventions.
Abstract: Fast and lean is returning to the aerospace field by necessity. My research interest is injecting rapid design tools and engineers into fast-paced aircraft design firms.
After two generations of aircraft design cycles measured in decades (e.g. F-35), US aviation is being squeezed by a rapid advance in technology, increased international competition, and constrained funding. It is important to realize that the current aerospace field is not mature but rather a saturated process in a tightly coupled multi-disciplinary design space with over-constrained requirements. The primary limitation is the time required for a design cycle.
This talk provides an introduction to aerodynamics engineering in industry and how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is involved in actual prototype aircraft design. The talk intends to provide a discussion of possible interactions between engineers and mathematicians for the development of CFD techniques and capabilities.
Title: Alternating Direction Methods for Dimensionality Reduction, Classification, and Feature Selection
Abstract: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a classical technique for dimensionality reduction in supervised classification which relies on projecting the given training data to a lower dimensional space where items in the same class are projected closer to each other than those in other classes. This process is typically performed using a simple change of variables and the solution of the resultant eigenproblem. Unfortunately, this approach fails in the high-dimensional setting where the data being processed contains fewer observations than features; in this case, we cannot perform the change of variables necessary to obtain this projection. In this talk, we present a modification, based on l1-regularization and the alternating direction method of multipliers, for performing LDA in this high-dimensional setting. Moreover, we describe how this approach can be extended to solve penalized eigenproblems in general, including those arising from Sparse Principal Component Analysis, and illustrate the efficacy of our approach on a variety of problems drawn from time-series classification.
Wei Zhu
Title: Some Variational Models in Image Processing
Abstract: Image processing is an active research field with lots of applications in medical diagnosis, pattern recognition, remote image processing, security check, etc. It aims to process raw images so that meaningful signal information can be captured and understood. During the last three decades, many mathematical tools have been employed in accomplishing different tasks in this field, including partial differential equations, variational methods, statistical methods, harmonic analysis, etc. Variational methods have proved to be particularly powerful and flexible for developing models in image processing. In this talk, I will first present some typical topics in this field, including image segmentation and denoising, and then review two well-known variational models --- the Mumford-Shah model and the Rudin-Osher-Fatemi model. I will also discuss some of my research works in this field, including both the modeling and the development of efficient numerical methods for different imaging problems.
Yuhui Chen
Title: A New Bayesian Nonparametric Control Chart for Individual Measurements
Abstract: Control chart, being a screening process, has been widely used in many fields where a quality monitoring is required for product quality improvement. The most commonly used control charts with data measured on a continuous scale usually assume the underlying distribution is a certain parametric family, such as normal. As such, the process might lead to the lack of in-control robustness and might not be sensitive for the out-of-control data if the underlying distribution is not as the assumed. In this paper, I propose a new Bayesian nonparametric control chart derived upon a newly developed nonparametric prior called transformed Bernstein polynomial prior (TBPP). This new proposed control chart can efficiently adjust, for the robustness, the initial guessing on the underlying distribution via the data. Due to the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method, it is possibly used in practice for monitoring a quality control process.
Yuanyuan Song
Title: Nonlinear analysis of the influence of surfactant on the stability of a liquid bilayer inside a tube
Abstract: The lung's airways are coated internally with a liquid bilayer consisting of a serous layer immediately coating the airway wall and a more viscous mucus layer which is exposed to the gas core. A surface tension instability at the interfaces may lead to the formation of liquid plugs that block the passage of air. This is known as airway closure. Here we consider this thin liquid bilayer coating within a compliant tube in the presence of an insoluble surfactant monolayer at the mucus-gas interface. Surfactant can reduce the surface tension and induce a surface stress gradient, both of which are stabilizing. Lubrication theory is used to derive a system of nonlinear evolution equations for the thickness of the layers, the location of the tube wall, and the surfactant concentration. The effects of various parameters, the thickness of the bilayer to the tube radius, the layer thicknesses ratio, the surface tension ratio, and the viscosity ratio between the two layers, and wall compliance parameters, are investigated by carrying out numerical simulations. For a single layer in a rigid tube, surfactant can increase the closure time by approximately a factor of five. However, for a bilayer in a compliant tube, the presence of surfactant slows down the closure time by a signicantly larger factor, as high as twenty times or even more.
David A. Dixon
Robert Ramsay Chair, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama
Title: Computational Chemistry: Chemical Accuracy and Errors at Different Scales
Abstract: Computational chemistry can be used to reliably predict the properties of compounds with density functional theory and correlated molecular orbital theory. New basis sets coupled with effective core potentials, improved software, new correlation methods, and access to high performance, massively parallel computers make it possible to reliably calculate the energetic properties of many compounds. We will describe the software and applied mathematics issues and needs in terms of critical energy applications. As an example, the use of computational methods to design syntheses for new materials for catalysis, solar energy capture, and nuclear fuels, is in its infancy. We will describe the complex issues that need to be addressed for the design of new materials syntheses and initial progress on understanding basic steps in such reaction mechanisms.
Zhongsheng He
Department of Ecology and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Title: Cooperation and Competition Relationship in the regeneration study of an endangered plant, Castanopsis kawakamii
Abstract: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship among tree species in forest gaps and non-gaps in order to reveal the seedlings' adaptability of Castanopsis kawakamii in different habitats. The results showed that: (1) the relationship of main species in forest gaps was basically share the heterogeneous resources and promote plants' growth after the formation of forest gaps. However, the competition relationship will be strong in the later stage of forest gaps and non-gaps. (2) By applying the method of single slope change point, the optimal sampling plots competition zone of C. kawakamii seedlings competition intensity were 1.68 and 2.00 meters distance from the objective trees. It will be convenient for us to investigate the competition trees around 2 meters distance from the objective trees in field practice. (3) Intraspecific competition and overall interspecific competition in forest gaps were higher than those of non-gaps. It should strengthen the protection of C. kawakamii seedlings in the early stage of forest gaps. Meanwhile, artificial gaps should be created to promote the growth of C. kawakamii seedlings and samplings after their height were up to 100~150 cm in non-gaps. In the present study, we should strengthen scientific management and reasonable protection for C. kawakamii natural forest. The results could provide a scientific basis for endangered plants biodiversity conservation and population regeneration.
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SPECIAL MID-WEEK EDITION
Special edition – why Biden is the wrong choice
(With one month to go before Election Day, we present the numerous reasons why Joe Biden is the wrong choice to serve as our President.)
1. First and foremost, he will not be our President. Biden is so beholden to left wing causes that the troubles we’ve seen over the past several months in liberal climes like Chicago, Minneapolis, Portland and Seattle willseem like a picnic.
2. He’s too old. Granted, Trump is no spring chicken. There are young 70-somethings and there are old 70-somethings. Biden is the later to the extreme. And, if God forbid, he is elected and passes away during his term, because of a politically motivated rather than rational choice, we would be stuck with a freshman Senator as our chief executive. America has never had such an inexperienced Veep take the reins and this is not the time to find out how that would look.
3. But let’s assume Biden is elected and does survive his term. Again, there are young and old 70-somethings and anyone who says Biden’s brainpower is not diminished is in denial (see TBR&R 9/6/20).
4. The Supremes. In TBR&R four years ago, we opined that the number one reason to vote for Donald Trump was a vacancy on the Supreme Court. Now comes the death of Justice Ginsburg; and a couple of her colleagues will likely need replacements in the next four years We, at last, have balance on the Supreme Court and you know Biden will do everything in his power to bankrupt that balance – he is ambivalent about “packing” the court as FDR unsuccessfully attempted in the 30s.
5. He will most likely try to resuscitate the failed Obama health plan – the either buy it or be taxed plan. It didn’t work then, and it won’t in 2021.
6. Speaking of Obama, Joe likes to attach himself to the former president’s coattails. We don’t know why. For example, Black unemployment doubled during the Obama administration. Even with Coronavirus, it has significantly rebounded during the Trump administration, but then so has every other employment segment.
7. While on the subject of employment, Biden was part of an administration that lost millions of jobs to overseas corporations during its eight years in office.
8. His “plan” to eliminate Coronavirus, whatever that plan is, will be moot as conditions on that front are improving daily.
9. Biden is proposing the largest permanent tax increase since World War II. That burden will fall on the middle class.
10. Speaking of the middle class, there is absolutely no way one can foresee a better standard of life over the next four years under a Biden administration – higher taxes, yes; higher standard of living – no.
11. That’s as in 11 million illegal immigrants to whom Biden wishes to grant amnesty complete with jobs and unearned benefits.
12. Then there is the old, tired “Trump’s going to eliminate your Social Security” argument. First, if he was going to do that, why hasn’t he done that? Second, and the answer to number one, he can’t without the consent of congress – who won’t do it unless they wish to be unemployed.
13. His hypocrisy – Biden touts his Catholic faith, yet is a staunch supporter of abortion and his running mate Kamala Harris, in the words of former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, “is the most openly anti-Catholic bigot to be on a national ticket in modern times.”
14. Biden’s buddy, Mike Bloomberg, a failed candidate who pumped millions into his own campaign, is now trying to buy Florida for Biden with about $100 million. Footnote, Bloomberg’s enormous cash outlay netted him only American Samoa on Super Tuesday. It’s harder to buy votes in Florida and elsewhere than it might be in New York or Chicago.
15. Lastly, “Florida’s Best Newspaper” supports him as they have every Democratic Presidential candidate in the paper’s history. We always use FBN as a guide if we are undecided on a race. We simply vote for their endorsee’s opponent.
UP NEXT: Back to our regular programming!
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"Indian fish farming industry is poised for a bright future"
Dr Bindu R. Pillai
Acting Director and Head, Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture
Q. Please tell us about the latest innovative research projects spearheaded by CIFA to improve Freshwater Aquaculture?
A. ICAR-CIFA is mandated to do research work to increase the production and productivity from freshwater aquaculture systems. We have developed breeding and culture technologies for nearly two dozen indigenous cultivable freshwater fishes like carps and barbs, catfishes, murrel, anabas, freshwater prawn etc. ‘Jayanti rohu’ the first genetically improved and fast growing fish breed in India was developed by CIFA in collaboration with Norway. Now we have also developed a fast growing breed of freshwater prawn and catla. In addition to food fish species we are also working on breeding and culture of indigenous ornamental species and freshwater pearl culture techniques. We have come out with Several low cost feed formulations for different life stages of several species like CIFABROOD, carp fry feed, carp grower. We have also brought out several formulations for effective control of several diseases including CIFAX and working towards development of newer molecular-based, specific, sensitive and farmer-friendly disease diagnostics for various diseases.
Q. How is R&D helping in accelerating use of modern culture systems for freshwater fish farming?
A. Recently we have established a RAS system for captive broodstock development and fry production of murrels (Channa striata) and we are working to develop Biofloc technology for indigenous freshwater species. Now we are focusing to develop alternative systems for freshwater aquaculture system that are climate resileient, water and energy efficient.
Q. What do you think are the major challenges faced by Indian Freshwater Aquaculture sector? (various stakeholders including scientific fraternity & farmers)
A. The most important challenge facing freshwater aquaculture is depleting freshwater resources and competition for freshwater from other sectors like agriculture and industry. Frequent occurrence of high intensity natural disasters like cyclones, heavy flood and drought due to climate change also is another major concern. Other challenges are poor fish seed quality, lack of awareness about new technologies and lack of cold chain and other infrastructures.
Q. Is there any scope for public private partnership (industry-leading govt institute collaboration) to increase the growth of Freshwater Aquaculture?
A. There is huge scope for public private partnership (industry-leading govt institute collaboration) to increase the growth of Freshwater Aquaculture, but currently industry is not very keen to partner with research institutions. More than 80% of farmers in freshwater aquaculture sector is small and marginal with very limited resources for investing in scientific aquaculture.
Q. How is CIFA ensuring that knowledge of best theoretical and practical aspects of freshwater aquaculture is imparted to students?
A. CIFA conducts several technology transfer training programmes for the benefit of all stakeholders. We do conduct in plant training of fishery under graduate students from different fisheries colleges across India. This in plant training gives the students exposure to latest research activities of the institute. In addition a large number of students from various colleges visit CIFA fish farm and interact with scientists.
Q. How has the COVID-19 crisis including lock down and suspension of breeding affected the fishing industry and small-scale fishermen? What are your suggestions on the kind of measures to be followed in the post lockdown era?
A. There certainly has been a lot of adverse impact of lockdown due to COVID -19 on aquaculture sector. The hindrance in movement of raw materials to the feed plants, in turn resulted in less supply of feed. Feed dealers informed that they are not getting sufficient supply from the feed plants. Farmers reported that they have marketable size fish stocks, the present average size of fish is 1kg to 1.25 kg Rohu and 2 kg Catla. But they have limited feed stocks, can be able to manage up to one week or maximum 10 days more. On the marketing part, fish hatchery operators couldn’t get any new orders for the fish seeds. For the existing orders also, they are facing difficulties in arranging the transportation arrangements. Andhra Pradesh farmers used to export fish to Odisha, West Bengal and many northern states of the country, due to this situation, the demand of the table size fish has fallen sharply. Presently the farm gate price is ranging about Rs 100 to 107 per kg.
Q. How do you look at future of Indian fish farming industry?
A. India is the second largest fish producing country with a production of 13.75 million tonnes during 2018-19. The aquaculture production is to the tune of 7 million tonnes. The future of Indian fish farming is bright considering the huge natural resources we have in the form of ponds and tanks, reservoirs, canals, beels, jheels and oxbow lakes etc. The technologies already developed and standardized for increasing fish production if disseminated to the fish farmers across country, then the average fish production can increase from the present level of 3tonne/ha to 6 tonnes /ha. The present govt is giving a lot of importance to fisheries sector and a separate ministry is there now. The new scheme of PMMSY is expected to play a crucial role in providing support to state government and fish farmers in undertaking new methods of farming besides strengthening the infrastructure.
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Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason reschedules UK tour
Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason’s Saucerful Of Secrets have announced rescheduled concert dates for their postponed UK tour amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Originally set to begin in Guildford in late April, the month-long series was first delayed to the fall before its new move to the spring of 2021.
“Due to the uncertainty surrounding us all due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Saucers UK tour, due to take place in October, has been rescheduled to April/May 2021,” says Mason. “It's important to the band that those who are planning to attend the shows are able to do so safely and without concern for their health and wellbeing. To achieve this, and to allow people the opportunity to plan their travel to and from the concerts, postponing until next spring was the best option. It has also enabled the band to add some shows in Croydon, Newcastle, Plymouth, Portsmouth and Nottingham, with tickets now on sale.
“All tickets remain valid for the new dates, and some tickets are still available to purchase. Unfortunately, we are unable to reschedule the shows in Gateshead and Southampton and customers can receive a refund from their ticket provider. However, we have announced new shows as close as possible to these areas (in Newcastle and Portsmouth).”
The Pink Floyd drummer launched the project – which exclusively performs vintage pre-Dark Side Of The Moon era material by the iconic band – in the spring of 2018; the lineup includes Spandau Ballet’s Gary Kemp, Lee Harris of the Blockheads, bassist Guy Pratt and composer Dom Beken, a collaborator of late Floyd keyboardist Rick Wright.
Nick Mason’s Saucerful Of Secrets will release “Live At The Roundhouse” on September 18; the package presents the group in concert at the legendary London venue in May of 2019.
Apr 13 - Leicester, UK @ De Montfort Hall
Apr 14 - Guildford, UK @ G Live
Apr 16 - Croydon, UK @ Fairfield Halls
Apr 18 - Nottingham, UK @ Royal Concert Hall
Apr 19 - Portsmouth, UK @ Guildhall
Apr 20 - Sheffield, UK @ City Hall
Apr 22 - London, UK @ Royal Albert Hall
Apr 24 - Plymouth, UK @ Pavilions
Apr 26 - Brighton, UK @ Dome
Apr 27 - Bath, UK @ Forum
Apr 29 - Oxford, UK @ New Theatre
Apr 30 - Ipswich, UK @ Regent Theatre
May 01 - Cardiff, UK @ St David's Hall
May 03 - Liverpool, UK @ Philharmonic
May 04 - York, UK @ Barbican
May 05 - Newcastle, UK @ O2 City Hall
May 07 - Birmingham, UK @ Symphony Hall
May 08 - Manchester, UK @ Apollo
May 09 - Edinburgh, UK @ Usher Hall
** all dates rescheduled from fall 2020
Pink Floyd stream Sorrow from Knebworth 1990 performance
Pink Floyd stream rare demo version of Comfortably Numb
Pink Floyd stream rare live version of Animals album classic
David Gilmour releases first new song in five years
Search Pink Floyd at hennemusic
Posted by Bruce Henne at 12:00 PM
Labels: Pink Floyd
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Henry Dampier
On the outer right side of history
February 3, 2014 by henrydampier 3 Comments
Sex Roles and the De-Civilizing Ratchet
The concept of time preference, as explained at length by Hans Hoppe, explains the process of both civilization and de–civilization. Civilization results from the systematic lowering of a population’s time preference — that is, their preference for a better future over enjoyment in the present. The destruction of civilization is what occurs when people systematically prefer the the consumption of goods in the present.
Sex roles play a critical role in both processes. Women are the only sex that can give birth to children, and are their primary caregivers except in extraordinary situations. This gives women a unique advantage in terms of gender specialization, and one that technology hasn’t supplanted, despite protestations to the contrary. Even artificial wombs, were they to be invented, would both require generations of research to perfect, and would likely be quite expensive. If it has been decades since the invention of the birth control pill, and new hormonal birth control methods still cause lethal side effects, it stands to reason that far more complex technologies will take even longer to reach maturity.
To the extent that society and its governing institutions encourage women to invest into their children and stabilize their families, they contribute to the waxing of the time preference of that civilization. The sacrament of indivisible marriage is the building block of a civilization that transcends generations. It’s the legal, religious, mystical, and sexual institution that prevents people for living solely for themselves within their lifetimes.
When institutions encourage women to abandon tending to their families, to instead work in bureaucratic settings, it contributes to present time orientation in society. The labor resources of women can be extracted by corporations and the central state, rather than clustered around the hearth and home, where they can’t be taxed efficiently or redirected towards corporate profits.
Western institutions encourage families to send young women into the workforce, where their work can be profited from by governments and corporations alike, at the expense of their fertility and the health of their infants. While this does contribute to the availability of financial capital within the society, which can be invested into capital growth, it causes a degeneration in the human capital of society, for whom that financial capital must ultimately serve, or it becomes worthless.
The modern mentality, derived as it is from Protestantism and republican egalitarianism, tends to privilege the human activities that can be measured, counted, and written about easily (see the books of Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn for more on this theme). The elevation of text alone to a sacred position, as in Judaism and most forms of Protestantism, accentuates this tendency within countries where those two religious forms are dominant, even in secularized forms as they are today.
That female labor drives profits in the present for various institutions is indisputable. However, the breakdown of family structures is itself a well-understood contributor to crime and other major agents of decivilization. In this, Western institutions have traded a ‘good’ that can be easily measured for a set of ‘bads’ that are more challenging to quantify, but no less difficult to understand.
In the modern world, it’s more responsible to encourage a woman to earn $45,000 per year for 2,000 hours of her time than it is to reduce her family’s stress, be a resource for her children, and to begin raising infants when her body is healthiest. From the perspective of a major corporation, a self-sufficient household is expensive to advertise to; a nuisance. A well-rested and capable home-maker doesn’t need to send money to Proctor and Gamble when it takes 20 minutes to brew up a superior alternative to Tide out of common chemicals. She doesn’t need to buy ready-made meals from Stouffer’s when she can make something better from scratch.
Further, the local government can’t collect sales tax on those containers of blue fluid, she may not demand a public school (and therefore jobs for bureaucrats), and her children will not be neurotic enough to demand prescriptions for brand-name amphetamines.
In the aggregates obsessed over by GDP-minded economists, each kid hooked on Adderall is considered to be a net gain to society, even if it damages the long term health of the child. Econometricians tend to favor an economy of frenetic activity, of a multiplying of transactions, pretending that larger numbers on spreadsheets connotate greater societal achievement. As most human activity can’t be quantified with any precision, even with stupendous computer models, the obsessions of the ‘wonks’ are liable to miss far more than they understand.
Hoppe writes that as decivilization progresses, “formerly provident providers will be turned into drunks or daydreamers, adults into children, civilized men into barbarians, and producers into criminals.” Per Hoppe, it’s no surprise that the most resonant drama within the upper middle class in the United States is ‘Breaking Bad,’ which tells the story of the fall of such a man.
This has occurred within our lifetimes, as the male labor force participation rate has plummeted, at the same time as the participation rate for women has increased. Indeed, the rate has reduced from over 85% to under 70% since after World War II, although one must not accord too much precision to these numbers collected by a bureaucracy subject to all the usual failings of bureaucratic institutions that have no incentive to promote merit.
As the culture deteriorates to a focus on pleasure today at the expense of flourishing tomorrow, feminine symbols within culture become progressively more fixated on a sort of self-annihlatory frenzy.
In such a childlike society, given to fixation upon fantasy and image as more important than reality, decay is inevitable.
Although it’s fashionable in the cities for clever writers to poke fun at bourgeois parents for gasping in horror at the antics of Miley Cyrus, there are some portents in those gasps. It makes no sense to be a high-investment parent if your daughter is going to become a whore, or is going to emulate whores in her after-hours, when she goes from her job to the nightclub.
It becomes a marker of insane irresponsibility for a parent to let their daughter to sit in front of Disney Channel shows for four hours a day if that corporation’s emblems of young womanhood go on to become emblems of harlotry, again and again. Little horrifies the K-type psychology more than the prospect of having lived a life of dashed meaning.
It’s challenging for a left-wing elitist to understand that, within the United States, there still exist strong family cultures in isolated and dispersed parts of the country, where people still take pride in old-fashioned family portraits of smiling, healthy children going on to fulfilling and successful adult lives.
Tut-tutting defenders of degenerate mores may trot out the moralizers of days gone past, like Tipper Gore, but like many things in life, social trends tend to go on for longer than most individual lives. The quantitative obsessives can come up with endless spreadsheets ‘proving’ an increase in general well-being, as unhappiness, failure, and prole drift compound misery within society.
Even if degeneracy does make people happy (and it does), it does so by making them happy in the present at the cost of greater potential happiness in the future, and itself depletes cultural capital by privileging the present over the future.
Further, the statistics-gathering bodies of Western governments are roughly as credible as those of the Soviets. Publication standards are low. Statistics are quoted readily by economists and journalists without knowing how they were collected, and without independent verification. It’s safe to assume that all numbers reported in the popular press and by academics are fabrications, just as a time-saving heuristic. The faith in these numbers would be charming if it were not so harmful.
Attempting to reverse this ratchet through high-minded arguments about the esoteric connection between zero interest rate policy and time preference is unlikely to succeed, and has never succeeded at halting the self-destructive tendencies inherent to democracy, which is itself a variant on Communism. Only mass death corrected the bad policies of the Soviet Union, or rather, forced Stalin and his successors to liberalize the economy further and to retract some of the revolution’s most idealistic social policies.
Further, changing the intellectual character of the United States as a whole is an impossible goal to achieve given current resources. It is instead easier to lop off a section, and get to work on reforming that one to health. Easier said than done, but to do it, one must say it first, and repeat it often enough to recruit enough people of the right caliber to make it happen.
Grandiose goals for global change as a starting point always fail (and aping the organizations that do this is a recipe for failure). Just as Alexander the Great began his march across the world in tiny Macedonia, any great task must start at the smallest possible level, as success builds upon tiny victories.
In the 1970s, Christopher Lasch wrote that such a return would be unthinkable. Within his lifetime, he was correct. Currently, the outcome is less certain, as cultural Marxist tropes, taken as they were from ordinary-Marxist tropes, become challenged by (probably outnumbered, certainly out-funded, definitely out-gunned) a rising trend of masculine thinking in the popular culture. As the university system in the West comes under the same pressures as the Communist university system did, it too will collapse with a suddenness that will shock thousands of professors into suicide, as it did during the Soviet collapse, even if the exact manner in which it happens occurs differently.
In this cultural vacuum, there will be opportunity & peril. Restoring patriarchy must occur as a critical foundation before returning Western civilization to at least partial order. Getting the steps backwards is like attempting to put a roof over a house before pouring its foundation.
To that extent, promoting a return to the patriarchal family in law and culture is critical, as is a return to traditional female roles in the family unit.
Filed Under: Social Commentary Tagged With: feminism, neoreaction
February 2, 2014 by henrydampier 10 Comments
Shooting An Elephant
The Republican party serves as a resource sink for the right wing. It’s a token resistance to the left, which temporarily delays the general ruination of the country, if that. The neocon faction, which has suffered catastrophic losses since the financial collapse that footed the Bush II presidency, was more a different varietal of mainstream leftism than representative of rightist thought.
The right wing tends to blunt itself when it pursues democratic political power, because winning elections requires ideological dilution, as is taught in any political science course. I’ll stop writing now about why the GOP sucks, because this should be review for most of you.
The Republican party can never again gain national authority as in the manner that its ‘base’ wants it to, because, as Mitt Romney noticed during his campaign, roughly 47% of the country is reliant on transfer payments from the state to make ends meet. The real number is probably higher, given that many private companies rely on government contracts.
As more people have realized this, the media organizations that used to be at the fringe has begun to supplant the former guardians of the mainstream right. I’ve regarded with trepidation the professionalization of radio crank Alex Jones, although he’ll never land accounts from major corporations.
Conservatives like Glenn Beck have started their own companies in an attempt to profit from the trends in the American political right, and often run ads like this one, elucidating the finer points of prepping for social collapse. The content tends to orbit around an obsession about redeeming the Republican party, electing ‘true conservatives,’ and various articles that excite right-wing bellyfeels.
Destroying the GOP is the best way to undermine support for democracy on the right. The reason for this is that, without hope for electoral success, the rank and file of the right will be forced to abandon their hopes for electoral redemption. When the typical “Joe Plumber” recognizes that it’s fruitless to go to the polls or to send money to their favorite politician, the GOP will fold in more states, which cedes to progressives the right to ruin more towns and cities in the service of their ideological goals.
This would limit the available options of the right wing population to either accept destruction or secede. Cutting off the option of winning elections, and making it obvious that it’s no longer possible to win elections, is key to achieving this goal.
While this is a hazardous political strategy to pursue, the risk makes possible the winning of a political contest, that as David Brin points out, will confer hundreds of years of benefits to the winning side.
I favor a rope-a-dope strategy as a method of dealing with the left. Encourage their fixation on winning elections, because that’s where their strength will continue to be. Meanwhile, encourage cultural division and militancy. To the extent that the right attempts to dominate a country that is essentially left-wing (and doomed), it’ll continue to waste resources on an un-winnable battle for the loyalty of a majority-worthless people.
Hugging the mainstream ropes and encouraging the left to deplete its energies is likely to make them weak and fractious enough to destroy over a long enough timeline.
The older generation of right-wing media personalities are stuck in the loops that they have trained themselves into — that of winning elections, and then failing to implement the policies that their constituencies actually want.
Further, it’s important to convince the Stanley Druckenmiller types that their noble campaigns to keep the American government from killing itself are fruitless. Delaying crisis is counter-productive. Instead, hand the left the rope with which it shall hang itself, and win the loyalty of the people who are still productive. Partition the country in such a way that the left is left with all of the liabilities and none of the assets of the United States, and you’ll have a strong set of countries to work with.
You want a left bureaucracy struggling to maintain the Detroits and Clevelands of the world, while right free-states maintain ownership of states like the Dakotas and Texas. Tying up the Federal government in ‘humanitarian interventions’ within its own useless territory will misdirect Federal energies to such an extent that it can’t suppress competitor states effectively. That goes as much for the rest of the world as it does domestically. Each Camden, NJ within USG’s purvey limits its ability to achieve its ideological goals, or to extend control over hostile domestic territories.
One major issue that the mainstream right has is that it appeals primarily to an elderly demographic that has much to lose and little to gain from the euthanasia of the Federal state. Ignoring this entire demographic, who will actually perish without regular deliveries of Medicare-financed drugs, is important to maintaining an exit trajectory. Leaving the mainstream right with an audience of 70-year-old Lipitor addicts is a worthwhile goal.
This demographic is what powers the current GOP, and it’s difficult to displace them. As inflationary economic policy annihilates this slice of the country (for ill) and depletes standards of bourgeois morality both in the US and abroad, elections will become even less important than they already are. What’s important is to have a sane alternative in the works by that time, to prevent President Comacho figures from capitalizing on the social failure.
In the meantime, constructing a parallel set of affiliated cultures can make it possible to accumulate the necessary capital (human, cultural, financial) to successfully partition the United States.
Filed Under: Politics Tagged With: conservative, gop, neoreaction
January 31, 2014 by henrydampier 3 Comments
Dreher and Noble Lies
Nick Land and Occam’s Razor have posted their reactions to Rod Dreher’s post in the American Conservative that stated that acknowledging biology is politically dangerous.
While I disagree with Dreher’s position, I think that he’s correct in saying that, were the USG to admit that much of its post-WWII domestic and international policy have been built upon shams, and that much of the social science staff throughout the West consists of sham artists, that there would be stunning levels of political disruption, which would probably spiral into civil conflict, perhaps even civil war.
Rarely do people involved in maintaining a major political lie admit that is what they’re doing. Writers like Dreher consciously suppress conflict in the present by concealing valid information, but by doing so, they guarantee a far worse ‘correction’ of the social structure later. Nassim Taleb’s Antifragile explores this theme, and comes out against the maintenance of shams, because it’s a highly destructive practice in the long run.
The ‘Austrian economic calculation problem’ method of thinking also impugns this strategy as a sort of method of intellectual price-fixing — doomed to fail, certain to cause errors to multiply, and to spark deadly conflict in the future.
Land makes light of Dreher’s fears, and Occam attempts to calm his anxiety. Pretending as if the breakdowns of the various progressive lies will be largely benign for everyone involved isn’t a realistic prediction.
While forbidden knowledge doesn’t directly result in ‘genocide’ (a recent term that only entered wide use post-war), the retaliatory rage and political dysfunction that results from the unwinding of countless lies does often result in political dissolution and war.
The result is not likely to be Auschwitz redux, however. The term ‘genocide’ and the United Nations diplomatic framework put in place to freeze in place American hegemony for-ever-and-ever only came into being after a series of genocides all over Europe perpetrated by all sides of the war that created all the homogeneous nations west of the iron curtain.
That Hitler was able to conquer the liberal Weimar Republic, sympathetic as it was to the ideals of 1789, is more an argument against the ideals of 1789 than it is against anything that might threaten the preservation of those ideals. The modern American state is probably closer to the revolutionary idyll than Weimar was, so I understand Dreher’s hitlerexia nervosa. Building a social order that’s resilient to Hitlers seems more sensible than attempting to deal with every little corporal that decides to declare himself first among brothers in a nation of brothers. The 1789 way of doing things is demonstrably vulnerable to such degenerative modes, as was broadly understood in the West since antiquity.
As soon as a clear and permanent majority develops under democracy, some variant on Napoleon/Hitler/etc. is inevitable. This is one of the reasons as to why we see such a scramble by minority groups in democracies to hamper majority populations and to ally with other minorities — they know that permanently losing the kulturkampf means permanently losing the kampf proper.
Majority rule so often means minority expulsion or mass-murder that it’s practically axiomatic; derivable via first principles or plain observation.
This is the situation that the former American majority finds itself in, and why the Dark Enlightenment finds purchase now and not ten yeas ago, whereas the other mind-virus strains from which its thinkers have synthesized it could not infect more than a small portion of the population, most of whom were cranks with compromised mental immune systems anyhow. Now that the stakes are obvious to anyone with eyes to see, politics looks less like sport and more like a battle for survival.
It’s a pathetic accident of history and low education standards that ‘democracy,’ which confers power to the majority, has been somehow identified with friendliness to minorities.
To the extent that the Dark Enlightenment dismantles popular lies at a faster rate than was possible before, it’s not a benign force — from the perspective of the people who make comfortable livings off of those lies, like most of the people living in Washington DC. It may even be dangerous to the millions of upstanding, productive people who have adapted to a high parasite load, even if they don’t enjoy all the squirming tapeworms sharing their intestinal tract.
The Dreher position, which is more widely shared than most will admit, is ‘responsible’ to the present, but destructive to the future of more than 20 years from now, in the same way that the lies of the ’68ers caused immense destruction as those ideas hardened into opportunistic demotic policy.
In this, the superior position is the one which accepts a temporary period of strife to make more durable and organic orders possible. While yes, this will devastate the lives of millions of people (just as the implosion of the USSR hollowed out millions of sad lives), it’s preferable to the alternative of catastrophic collapse.
Filed Under: HBD Tagged With: conservative, neoreaction
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Beachbody Performance: Energize
What is Energize?
Energize is a lemon flavored pre-workout drink from the Beachbody Performance Line rooted in cutting-edge sports science, exercise physiology, and nutrition research. Performance line products were developed by a team led by Dr. Nima Alamdari, Ph.D., who is a Harvard-trained exercise physiology/nutrition scientist, and Beachbody's Director of Scientific Affairs.
Energize was designed specifically to help you work harder and for longer. The three key ingredients are beta-alanine, low-dose caffeine, and quercetin which are cutting-edge ingredients that help to improve performance, sharpen focus, and delay exercise-induced muscle fatigue.
Beta-alanine is an amino acid that makes carnosine, a substance in your muscles that buffers muscle acid buildup which contributes to muscle fatigue. By consuming beta-alanine you produce more carnosine which will help your muscles to last longer so that you can push yourself harder and get better results! Studies indicate that beta-alanine is especially effective at improving performance during intense exercise bouts, making it ideal for high-intensity interval training and anaerobic training, which are a major component in many Beachbody programs.
Low-dose caffeine from green tea which is used in Energize has been an accepted component of the training and competition arsenal for athletes around the world. Low-dose caffeine has been shown to be ergogenic which means that it can help to enhance energy, improve reaction time, focus, and reduce fatigue. It works via the central nervous system, delivering signals to your brain that give you both a mental and physical boost. Studies have shown benefits to athletes ranging from recreational to elite in a variety of settings, including cycling, running, and various team sports.
Quercetin is a phytonutrient that has drawn attention for its ability to help improve exercise performance and recovery. Studies done by leading exercise physiology-nutrition laboratories show that quercetin helps to improve performance and fitness in healthy people.
beachbody beachbody performance Dr. Nima Alamdari energize lgbt performance line performance supplements pre workout what is
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J. Taylor refuses to sack his goals for 2002 season
Submitted by: Ethan J. Skolnick - The Miami Herald
Courtesy of Ethan J. Skolnick - The Miami Herald
While Jason Taylor sets goals -- the loftier the better -- he would rather not set anybody off. When the Dolphins' defensive end is asked about his desire to break the single-season sack record, set at 22 � last season by the Giants' Michael Strahan, he strains not to come off as brashly as he comes off the ball.
''If he can do it . . .'' said Taylor, who starts his quest Sunday against Detroit. ``Not to sell Michael Strahan short, he's a heck of a football player. I mean, he's great. But if he can do it, why can't I?
" I'm not going to sit here like [Warren] Sapp and say what I am going to accomplish, and beat my chest. But it's a goal. I mean, sure. When somebody puts something out there like that, obviously it's attainable but very hard to do. But why not shoot for it? If you come up short and end up with 16 or 17, then hey, you are in good shape.''
For veterans, the preseason is about shearing rookies' hair, watching them get cut, and spending some spare time thinking about personal growth: the possibilities of the new season, and what is individually achievable.
Football is a collective endeavor, but Dolphins coach Dave Wannstedt -- for all his one-game-at-a-time talk -- is supportive of some forward thinking, at least when players are establishing personal statistical targets.
''We always talk about the team goals, but every person has some individual goals that he would like to get done,'' Wannstedt said. ``If you don't, if you are not motivated by anything, I don't know how you become the best.''
Players often tread lightly on this subject, scared to seem selfish; they always start by announcing a Super Bowl as their priority. But certain Dolphins have come clean, and if they achieve their aspirations, a Super Bowl appearance might be a formality anyway.
Jay Fiedler wants to record more than 25 touchdowns and fewer than 10 interceptions -- the Raiders' Rich Gannon was the only quarterback to pull that off last season. Olindo Mare hopes leading the league in touchbacks will help make Miami the best kickoff-coverage return unit, eight spots higher than last season. And Mare, who led the NFL in field-goal percentage making 19 of 21 attempts, is aiming for perfection.
Many target the Pro Bowl, from Arturo Freeman in his first year as a starting safety to backup fullback Deon Dyer.
Others are coy.
David Bowens, who will miss the opener with a hand injury and has a career high of 3.5 sacks, smiles and initially declines when asked about his personal goals.
''Hey, that's why it's personal,'' he says, pausing, unable to hold it in. ``I'll give you a hint. As far as sacks, let's try some So, double digits?
''I'm gonna try, man,'' Bowens said.
Oronde Gadsden longs to catch 100 passes, though his career high is 56. Only six NFL receivers were in triple digits last season, and the Miami record is 90. In fact, Gadsden believes he and Chris Chambers can catch 100 passes, something only two tandems (Denver's Rod Smith and Ed McCaffrey and Detroit's Herman Moore and Brett Perriman) have done. Chambers has tempered Gadsden's prediction, saying he will take 80.
Gadsden does no backpedaling. That's for defensive backs.
''Hey, you know, it starts Sunday, and I'm definitely going to try to get a jump,'' Gadsden said. ``I'm definitely going to set my goal higher than 56 catches. I was always shooting for one or two more, and always coming within one or two of the goal. So I figure if I set my sights higher, and I get 80 or 90, I'll still be considered a good receiver.''
Taylor is already considered a good pass rusher, even after his sack total slipped from 14 � to 8 �. But despite posting a career-best 86 tackles, he did not make the Pro Bowl. That is part of his motivation for chasing Strahan as well as quarterbacks.
''No matter what we say about stats around here, it's kind of what the fans and the media look at,'' Taylor said. ``So I look at it, and make the goals accordingly. With the sacks, you get the Pro Bowl. You get the little Inside the Huddle things on ESPN, and that's where some of the notoriety comes from. Do I agree with it all the time? No. Some guys get 10, 11 sacks and they got 20 tackles at the end of the year, and they are drinking umbrella drinks in Hawaii, and the rest of us aren't.
"But that's part of it. I've got to get my sack number back up in double digits, and see what happens from there.''
On Nov. 4, the Dolphins play at Green Bay, and if quarterback Brett Favre is playing -- he has started 159 straight -- Taylor might get some help. Favre was accused of laying down for Strahan last January, allowing the Giant to break Mark Gastineau's record.
''I know Brett a little bit,'' Taylor said. ``I'm not going to call him ahead of time and ask him to dive for me or whatever. Even with Michael's deal, I'll never be one to say it was a gimme, at least publicly. The man got 22 � sacks. And everyone complained about the last one, but if you take it away, he's got 21 �, that's a hell of a year too. But I won't call Brett up, no. I might whisper to him on the field, and say, hey, give me a couple here.''
Get him to his goal.
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River & Estuary Observation Network: Refinement of Stage Height Sensor Subsystem for Low Cost and High Reliability
W. D. Kirkey1*, C. B. Fuller1, P. O’Brien1, P. J. Kirkey1, A. Mahmoud2, A. N. Ernest1,2, and J. Guerrero1
Research Applied Technology, Education, and Services, Inc. (RATES), Colton, New York 13625, USA
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539-2909, USA
*Corresponding author. Tel.: 315-261-2171; fax: 888-852-7470. E-mail address: wkirkey@ratesresearch.org (W. D. Kirkey).
A system comprised of software and on-site measurements is presented for accurately obtaining water stage data from vented or non-vented submersible pressure sensors installed at autonomous stream gauging stations. The system accounts for pressure sensor offset errors, water density, and local gravitational acceleration to produce a stage height reading which is accurate to either ±0.01 ft (±3 mm) or to the accuracy limit of the sensor, whichever is greater. A 2nd order polynomial expression for determination of water density from temperature and salinity is developed and found to be sufficiently accurate for this purpose. Simulated stage measurements performed in the laboratory with a commercially produced sensor showed errors of up to ±0.04 ft in reported stage when the sensor’s default conversion from pressure to depth was used; the maximum error limit was reduced to ±0.02 ft when the sensor output was instead processed using the new system. A custom-designed, low-cost, versatile submersible pressure sensor is introduced and tested under the same conditions and found to exhibit a maximum error of ±0.04 ft without any sensor calibration. These new developments, integrated into previously developed inexpensive base stations, enable accurate monitoring of stage height at remote locations with low installation and operating costs.
Keywords: depth sensor, gage height, hydrologic monitoring, hydrology, level sensor, stage height, streamflow, water surface elevat ion
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NEWSTRAPNG
Home » »Unlabelled » "I am stating clearly via this medium that I'm not running for office" — Femi Otedola debunks rumors that he is running for Lagos State Governor.
"I am stating clearly via this medium that I'm not running for office" — Femi Otedola debunks rumors that he is running for Lagos State Governor.
Following the news that hit social media few hours ago that billionaire oil magnate, Femi Otedola will be running for Governor of Lagos State come 2019, the businessman has come out to debunk the claims.
A particular news circulated around social media where it was purported that Femi Otedola declared his intention to run for governor of Lagos state come 2019.
A statement that made the rounds on the internet reads,
As a lot of you might already know, it is my intention to follow in my father’s footsteps and lead my people into making Lagos State a true powerhouse in Africa’s economy. Not just a megacity but an efficient and productive city where everyone is rewarded for their hard work, After much consolation with my political mentors, and much discussion with those close to me, I want to formally share this good news with the good people of Lagos, my interest in the governorship ticket of Lagos State at the 2019 gubernatorial elections. In due time I will also announce under which “umbrella” I will be running. Thank you.” Ote$
Well, Mr. Otedola has now via his Twitter handle stated that the reports were false and matter of factly, he has his full support for current Lagos State governor, Akinwumi Ambode as he says the governor has been doing a good job and he has his support for second term.
See the series of tweets he shared on his page moments ago,
Posted by mediacop
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Historical News and Views from the Empire State
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Rochester Businessman Joins Boating Museum Board
Rochester businessman Allyn E. Hetzke Sr. has joined the Board of Directors of the Finger Lakes Boating Museum. Hetzke, who is active in the Antique and Classic Boat Society in Clayton on the St. Lawrence River, is married with four children and 13 grandchildren and lives in Spencerport.
The boating museum reached agreement with the City of Geneva in the fall of 2009 to establish a permanent home on the Geneva waterfront in association with a Visitor Center. The building, which will be located on the current Geneva Chamber of Commerce site, is being enabled by a $2 million grant provided to the city by state Sen. Michael Nozzolio. Construction is expected to start this spring.
“I’m thrilled to be a part of this project,” said Hetzke. “If the site is correctly developed it should be a world class museum. It should be spectacular for the City of Geneva.”
Hetzke started his company, Unitrac, in 1974 as a metal brokerage company and in the mid-‘80s formed Unitrac Energy Management Systems specializing in energy efficient lighting applications. IlluminFx, a division of Unitrac, provided the color-changing LED system used to light the Cradle of Champions sculpture unveiled during Super Bowl Week near the site of the game. The unveiling was covered on ESPN.
The Rochester Business Journal recently reported that the steel statue in Fort Worth, Texas, weight seven tons and is 16 feet high. It is shaped like the state of Texas and honors the strength and legacy of high school football in the state and those who later played in the National Football League.
Before starting his own business, Hetzke worked for Eastman Kodak Co., Community Savings Bank and Home Life Insurance Co. He former First Rochester Co. in 1971 and incorporated the company into First Rochester Security Corp. in 1972.
Hetzke purchased Burke Steel Serviceenters, Inc. in 1973 and sold the company to Mallard Lakes in 1977. He formed Unitrac in 1974.
He is a 1960 graduate of SUNY at Delhi with an AAS degree in business management. His hobby is restoring old boats and he is a member of the Rochester Curling Club as well as the Rochester Business Alliance.
The boating museum has assembled a collection of more than 100 wooden boats built in the Finger Lakes over the past 100 years, as well as numerous related artifacts and extensive reference material. The collection is stored in the Geneva Enterprise Development Center on North Genesee Street arranged by the Geneva IDA and in Yates County.
Portions of the collection will be displayed on a rotating basis within the new facility, but President Bill Oben emphasized that there will be a lot more to the museum than viewing boats because education, restoration and preservation are the key elements of the museum’s mission.
Also featured will be boat rides on Seneca Lake, active on-water programs including sailing and small boat handling, interactive workshops and displays to engage visitors in the design and construction of boats and boating history materials and programs.
The boating museum is a 501c3 not-for-profit corporation and was chartered by the New York State Department of Education in 1997 to “research, document, preserve and share the boating history of the Finger Lakes region.”
Additional information about the boating museum may be found on its website.
Geneva Growth Donate $10k to Boating Museum Geneva Growth, a local economic development agency, has donated $10,000 to the Finger Lakes Boating Museum. In a lakefront ceremony at the future site of the museum, former Geneva Growth […]
Boat Museum Artifacts on Display in Geneva Storefront Thanks to the generosity of Geneva retailer Joe Fragnoli, the Finger Lakes Boating Museum now has a museum display in place in downtown Geneva. Several artifacts along with some materials […]
Finger Lakes Boating Museum Moves Forward With Site The Board of Directors of the Finger Lakes Boating Museum in Geneva, NY has established a Site Development Committee and are moving forward with ambitous plans for a facility to research, […]
Public History Finger Lakes Boating Museum, Geneva, Monroe County, Museums-Archives-Historic Sites, Ontario County, Rochester, St. Lawrence River, SUNY Delhi Leave a comment
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You can look forward to a pension that is reviewed every year, to keep it in line with the cost of living, for the rest of your life.
There is scope to retire and take your benefits from as young as age 55, right up to your Normal Pension Age and even beyond. In cases of ill health, there is no MINIMUM age limit at all.
To be entitled to benefits you must have at least two years' membership or have transferred other pension rights into the Scheme.
You can even have a gradual move into retirement - find out more about flexible retirement.
Members planning to retire in the next 18 months or two years can attend a Pre-Retirement Planning Course which is delivered over two half days via Zoom.
The course, which is FREE to attend covers:
Creating a new future and managing change
Making the most of your retirement, leisure and learning opportunities
Maintaining health and fitness
Information about the Norfolk Pension Fund
Investment options and where to get financial advice
Opportunities in the voluntary sector
Upcoming Pre-Retirement Course dates
Wednesday 3 February 2021, 1.30pm-4.30pm (1st half day) and Wednesday 10 February 2021, 1.30pm-4.30pm (2nd half day)
Monday 12 April 2021, 9.30am-12.30pm (1st half day) and Monday 19 April 2021, 9.30am-12.30pm (2nd half day)
The course, which is managed and run by Norfolk County Council, is open to all Scheme members. Please contact HR Direct, Norfolk County Council for more details or to book a place.
HR Direct, Norfolk County Council
Bank or Building Society Payment Details (MISC1 Issue 5 Jan 2009)
'Life after work' video
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TOP HEADLINE: The Final Post Production Diary! [Click Here]
Kong TV Listings Page - Here
Order The Production Diaries on DVD! - Here
Order 1933 King Kong DVD Set - Here
News for Jan. 23, 2008
Official Announcement! The 75th Anniversary Screening of King
1/23/08, 9:02 pm EST - Xoanon
From mrgrooism: The Film Forum in New York City, in Association with The Sons of Kong proudly announce The Giant Monster Gala Event of 2008!
The 75th Anniversary Screening of KING KONG!
Sunday, March 2, 2008 at 1:00 pm
Attendant Events and Surprises are still to be announced, but celebrations and get-togethers are being planned for the entire weekend, culminating, of course, in a screening 75 years to the date of Kong's legendary NYC Premiere at Radio City Music Hall!
There are more announcements to come, but the screening itself is booked and official.
I need as early as possible an indication of how many people are seriously interested in attending. THIS IS NOT BINDING, give me maybes as well as yeses, including everyone you MIGHT bring, so I can block off enough tickets for our own use ASAP! More is better, unused tickets can always be released, so put in your bid NOW to make The List!
Remember, we are making this a Family Friendly Weekend, we want to meet you AND your long-suffering loved ones!
To find out more, send a private message to mrgroomism on the message boards!
Meet Kong's Artist!
1/14/08, 10:43 pm EST - Xoanon
One of the stunning images Gus created, inspired by his native Samoa.
From the folks at WETA: We sit down with Senior Designer Gus Hunter, the man responsible for many of the stunning visuals in King Kong.
When asked what his favourite movie is, Senior Concept Artist Gus Hunter refers to the 1933 version of King Kong as one of them. �I�ve always loved movies with dinosaurs and scary monsters�, he says. �I remember watching it as a kid, and it just blew me away.� Little did he know that one day he would be working as the senior concept artist on Peter Jackson�s remake of the classic.
Gus joined the team during The Lord Of The Rings trilogy in 2000, in the Visual Effects Art Department, where he forged a relationship with Jackson and Weta. Gus has worked on concept art for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe and was a Senior Concept Artist on King Kong from the very start (pre-production) to the very finish (post-production). [More]
News for Oct. 09, 2007
Peter Jackson Wanted for the Deathly Hallows
10/09/07, 3:05 pm EST - Xoanon
Kevin Johns, (Cult)u're Magazine Cinema Editor, writes: Over at www.culturemagazine.ca we've started a campaign called "Peter Jackson for The Hallows!". Under whelmed with the quality of the last Harry Potter film, we have decided that no one other than Peter Jackson has the skills necessary to make Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows the film it deserves to be. [More]
British writer on 'Tintin' case
LOS ANGELES (Hollywood Reporter) - British scribe Steven Moffat, best known for writing the new "Doctor Who" series, is turning his hand to "Tintin," the DreamWorks movie trilogy collaboration from Peter Jackson and Steven Spielberg. Tintin, created by late Belgian artist Herge, is a young reporter and world traveler who is aided in his adventures by his faithful dog Snowy. He later was joined by such colorful characters as Captain Haddock, Professor Cuthbert Calculus and bumbling detectives Thomson and Thompson. The books, hugely popular in Europe, have been translated into 50 languages with more than 200 million sold. Jackson and Spielberg are each directing an installment, with the helmer of the third movie to be determined. [More]
Weta teams up with big guns
It's a project that will bring Sigourney Weaver and James Cameron to town and will be made, in part, in Wellington. Avatar is being touted as a futuristic, ground-breaking film, and as Weta digital's visual effects maestro Joe Letteri told ONE News, Weta, along with hundreds of Kiwi contractors are helping to make it happen. The film is Cameron's latest project. His last film was Titanic - the very same Titanic that was released 12 years ago and is still the highest grossing film ever made. [More]
News for Sep. 30, 2007
TV Watch: Adrien Brody on 'Regis'
Adrien Brody is slated to be a guest on 'Live! with Regis and Kelly' tomorrow morning to promote 'The Darjeeling Limited'. 'Regis and Kelly' airs on different channels and times locally, so check your local listings!
Richard Taylor Interview
9/30/07, 11:19 am EST - Xoanon
Susanne writes: 'In Business', a BBC Radio 4 programme, includes an interview with Richard Taylor on his approach to business. 'In Business hears from .. the man who created the special effects behind the movies of Lord of the Rings and King Kong.' [More]
WETA Press Updates
Here with this week's news headlines from the wonderful world of Weta
Halo3 makes $170 million in sales in 24 hours
Third Halo short released online [Link II]
Hellgate: London giveaway at upcoming Horror Convention in US
Weta's WOW Winner revealed
Winner of F.M.O.M acronym contest announced
Sydney Convention Rayguns promotion
Further design work from Hercules revealed
Weta Limited in Australasia for convention season next month
Lord Cockswain online comic: Part Two now available
Indecipherable Rayguns testimonial from a sailor / pirate? You decide...
Registrations now open for NZ effects symposium
Happy Birthday Naomi Watts!
Today is Naomi Watts' birthday! Naomi Ellen Watts (born September 28, 1968) is a British actress known for her roles in Mulholland Drive, the film remakes of The Ring and King Kong, as well as her Academy Award-nominated role in the film 21 Grams. Happy Birthday Naomi!
WETA Newsletter: September 2007
Here is the latest word from geek HQ down in Wellington and the good folks at WETA: G'day from New Zealand, Weta supporters! Well it's been another busy month here at Weta HQ, with lots of exciting developments! [More]
Tana Umaga Stadium, Peter Jackson Film Academy
It's time for Wellington to honour its home-town heroes says communications specialist Roger Ellis who is standing for the Wellington City Council in the Northern Ward. In recent years Wellington has produced some exceptional people. The whole world knows what Peter Jackson has almost single-handedly achieved - a major league movie industry right here in the suburbs of Wellington. He has received a theatre-load of awards from the good and the great throughout the world. "Yet to date the Wellington City Council has done little to honour this outstanding favourite son. The same could be said for Weta's Richard Taylor. [More]
Missed some news? Visit our King Kong News Archive
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KongisKing.net Home | Kong 2005 | Scrapbook | Message Boards
Fan Art Gallery | Kong Files | Gaming | Live Chat | History | Contact | FAQ
This site is maintained and updated by fans of King Kong, and is in no way affiliated with the official King Kong production or film. We in no way claim the artwork displayed to be our own. Copyrights and trademarks for the films, articles, and other promotional materials are held by their respective owners and their use is allowed under the fair use clause of the Copyright Law. Design and original photography however are copyright © 1999-2007 The One Ring, Inc. Binary hosting provided by Nexcess.net
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No-tillage Crop Production Research In Northern N.S.W.
J. F. Holland, W. L. Felton and A. D. Doyle
N.S.W. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Centre, Tamworth, 2340.
Cereal cropping in northern N.S.W. is based on weed-free cultivated fallows of 6 to 10 months to allow accumulation of soil moisture. Severe soil erosion often occurs under this system. No-tillage crop production, which involves the elimination of cultivation, the retention of anchored stubble on the surface and the use of herbicides for fallow weed control, is known to greatly reduce the risk of erosion (1).
A co-operative research programme has been established to study the potential of no-tillage in northern N.S.W. in an endeavour to develop a more stable agricultural system. Soil erosivity, soil structure, grain yield, soil moisture accumulation, weeds and diseases are being compared for no- tillage and cultivated fallows. This paper reports on grain yield and soil moisture findings for 1981.
Two basic rotations are being studied in replicated experiments: (a) wheat to wheat (w-w) and (b) wheat to grain sorghum (w-s). The wheat to wheat no-tillage fallow involves usually 3 to 5 knockdown herbicide applications. The cultivated fallow is achieved with conventional cultivation equipment, such as blade ploughs, chisel ploughs and scarifiers. For the wheat to grain sorghum rotation, a combination of atrazine and knockdown herbicides are used for the no-tillage fallow.
Generally, yields for no-tillage wheat were similar to those for cultivated fallows, except at Winton, where yields were reduced, and Gurley, where yield was slightly increased under no-tillage. The Winton site has a hard- setting surface, and less water was accumulated during the fallow under no- tillage. The yield increase at Gurley was associated with increased soil moisture accumulation. No-tillage sorghum significantly outyielded sorghum grown on cultivated fallows in all three experiments, supporting the results of previous observation sites. Data indicate that these higher sorghum yields under no-tillage were associated with increased soil moisture storage.
Table 1. Yield of wheat and grain sorghum
1. Marston, D., and Donaldson, S. G. (1980). Proc. Australian Soil Science Society Conference, Sydney. p.74.
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Tag: Ball Aerospace
A New NASA Space Telescope, SPHEREx, Is Moving Ahead
January 7, 2021 January 6, 2021 4Frontiers, News 0
This animation shows the preliminary design for the spacecraft, including hexagonal sun shields that will help keep the instruments cool. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
PASADENA, Calif. (NASA PR) — NASA’s upcoming space telescope, the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer, or SPHEREx, is one step closer to launch. The mission has officially entered Phase C, in NASA lingo. That means the agency has approved preliminary design plans for the observatory, and work can begin on creating a final, detailed design, as well as on building the hardware and software.
MethaneSAT Completes Critical Design Review, Moves into Production Phase
September 20, 2020 News 0
MethaneSAT (Credit: EDF)
Sensors and spacecraft exceed mission performance goals; flow of precision measurements will open up new opportunities to track and reduce potent greenhouse emissions
SAN FRANCISCO (EDF PR) –MethaneSAT has reached an important new milestone with completion of the Critical Design Review (CDR) phase for both the mission’s remote sensing instrument and the spacecraft platform “bus” that will provide power and maneuvering, and transmit the vast stream of data from the high resolution sensors to ground stations. Completion of the CDR means that MethaneSAT is now entering the production stage with a design that exceeds anticipated capabilities.
Ball Aerospace Selected for Space RCO Tactical Ground Command, Control and Communications
August 31, 2020 News 0
BOULDER, Colo., Aug. 26, 2020 (Ball Aerospace PR) — Ball Aerospace, teamed with Booz Allen Hamilton, was awarded a contract by the Space Rapid Capabilities Office (SpRCO) to serve as the prime system integrator for the SpRCO Ground Command, Control and Communications (GC3) system. GC3 will integrate into and help enable the larger tactical command and control enterprise for the United States Space Force.
“The GC3 System Integrator program provides a great foundation to work with SpRCO and other space resiliency mission partners to develop and deliver advanced capabilities to support the warfighter,” said Mark Healy, vice president and general manager, National Defense, Ball Aerospace. “This mission aligns directly with the 2020 Defense Space Strategy to enable the Department of Defense (DoD) to defend the space domain.”
NASA’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission Nears Completion
August 21, 2020 August 21, 2020 News 0
Green Propellant Infusion Mission in orbit. (Credit: NASA)
by Lance Davis
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center
NASA just validated a new type of propellant, or fuel, for spacecraft of all sizes. Instead of toxic hydrazine, space missions can use a less toxic, “green” propellant and the compatible technologies designed to go along with it. In a little over a year since launch, NASA’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) successfully proved a never-before-used propellant and propulsion system work as intended, demonstrating both are practical options for future missions.
NASA Awards Rapid Spacecraft Acquisition IV Contracts
July 26, 2020 July 25, 2020 News 0
WASHINGTON (NASA PR) — NASA has awarded contracts to five aerospace firms for the Rapid Spacecraft Acquisition IV spacecraft and related services. Each contractor has one or more core spacecraft offerings available under their contract.
Under these multiple-award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contracts, spacecraft and related services will be purchased via government placed firm-fixed price delivery orders. These multi-agency contracts may support any NASA center and other federal agencies.
Northrop Grumman Completes Preliminary Design Review for Next-Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared Subsystem
June 24, 2020 June 24, 2020 News 0
AZUSA, Calif., June 24, 2020 (Northrop Grumman PR) – Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) and Ball Aerospace have successfully completed the preliminary design review (PDR) for the Next-Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared (Next Gen OPIR) Geosynchronous (GEO) Block 0 mission payload.
Next-Gen OPIR is a satellite system that will provide improved missile warning capabilities that are more resilient against emerging threats. As the successor to the Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS), Next-Gen OPIR’s first block of satellites will include five space vehicles, three in geosynchronous earth orbit and two in polar orbit.
Meet 8 Teams Sending Payloads to the Moon on Masten’s Lander
June 4, 2020 June 4, 2020 News 0
Masten’s XL-1 lunar lander will deliver science and technology payloads to the Moon’s South Pole in 2022. (Credits: Masten Space Systems)
MOJAVE, Calif. (Masten Space Systems PR) — Imagine having the opportunity to send your payload to the lunar surface. Not next decade, but in 2022!
Well, that’s the incredible opportunity that the NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) project — and Masten Space Systems — has presented for 8 visionary teams and their instruments. Each and every one is cool in their own way and we couldn’t be prouder to be the lunar lander company that will set them down safely on the surface of the Moon.
Satellite Host Named for NASA Air Pollution Sensor
February 5, 2020 February 4, 2020 News 0
Maxar will build the Intelsat 40e geostationary communications satellite and integrate NASA’s TEMPO payload with it. (Credit: Maxar Technologies)
A NASA instrument that will measure air quality over North America in unprecedented detail during daylight hours now has a satellite host.
Maxar Technologies and Intelsat recently agreed to partner to host NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument onboard the Intelsat 40e mission. In 2019, NASA selected Maxar to host the TEMPO instrument utilizing the U.S. Air Force Hosted Payload Solutions (HoPS) contract vehicle.
Intelsat 40e is based on Maxar’s 1300-class satellite platform and will provide commercial satellite communications for Intelsat customers in North and Central America. The satellite is scheduled to launch into geostationary orbit 22,236 miles above Earth’s equator in 2022.
TEMPO will make hourly measurements of atmospheric gases — including ozone, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde as well as aerosols — across North America and provide air quality products that will be made publicly available and help improve air quality forecasting.
“We are excited about this important step required to lay the operational framework for TEMPO’s critical air quality measurements. We look forward to working closely with both Maxar and Intelsat for the successful integration, launch and deployment of TEMPO,” said Stephen Hall, TEMPO project manager at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
The TEMPO instrument project is led by Principal Investigator Kelly Chance from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The instrument was developed by Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colorado, and is in storage awaiting shipment to Maxar’s satellite manufacturing facility in Palo Alto, California.
TEMPO will be part of a constellation of instruments measuring air quality over the Northern Hemisphere that will also include the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-4, currently in development, and South Korea’s Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer, scheduled to launch later this month.
Ball Aerospace Delivers Earth Science Instrument for Landsat 9
October 2, 2019 October 1, 2019 News 0
Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager 2 (Credit: Ball Aerospace)
BOULDER, Colo., Sept. 27, 2019 (Ball Aerospace PR) — Ball Aerospace delivered the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) for Landsat 9, completing development of the instrument on schedule and under budget. Ball will continue to support instrument integration and spacecraft-level testing, working closely with NASA and the Landsat 9 spacecraft provider.
Air Force Selects Ball Aerospace, Microsoft to Demonstrate Cloud Processing for LEO Constellations
September 17, 2019 September 17, 2019 News 0
BOULDER, Colo., Sept. 17, 2019 (Ball Aerospace PR) — Ball Aerospace and Microsoft were selected to demonstrate agile cloud processing capabilities in support of the U.S. Air Force’s Space and Missile Systems Center’s Commercially Augmented Space Inter Networked Operations (CASINO) project. The demonstration will show how simultaneous, worldwide data streams from large, distributed constellations of small satellites can be processed quickly using Microsoft’s Azure cloud and Ball Aerospace algorithms.
Additionally, the demonstration will include a single downlink directly into a Microsoft data center using a Ball Aerospace phased array antenna.
Ball Aerospace’s Green Propellant Mission Ready to Launch
Ball Aerospace technicians use specialized equipment to build the GPIM satellite so that the space vehicle instruments and thrusters align perfectly with the payload interface. (Credit: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.)
BOULDER, Colo., June 21, 2019 (Ball Aerospace PR) — A Ball Aerospace satellite used for NASA’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) is ready for launch, scheduled for no earlier than June 24 on board a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. Ball built the small satellite, which contains NASA’s first opportunity to demonstrate a new “green” propellant and propulsion system in orbit – an alternative to conventional chemical propulsion systems.
A Look at the Payloads in Falcon Heavy’s STP-2 Mission
A SpaceX Falcon Heavy begins its first flight. (Credit: NASA)
HAWTHORNE, Calif. (SpaceX PR) — The Department of Defense (DoD) Space Test Program-2 (STP-2) mission, managed by the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), is targeting launch on June 24, 2019, with the launch window opening at 11:30 p.m. ET. Lifting off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, this mission will deliver 24 satellites to space on the DoD’s first ever SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
The STP-2 mission will be among the most challenging launches in SpaceX history with four separate upper-stage engine burns, three separate deployment orbits, a final propulsive passivation maneuver and a total mission duration of over six hours. In addition, the U.S. Air Force plans to reuse side boosters from the Arabsat-6A Falcon Heavy launch, recovered after a return to launch site landing, making it the first reused Falcon Heavy ever flown for the U.S. Air Force.
Ball Aerospace’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission Satellite Arrives in Florida
May 21, 2019 News 0
A Ball Aerospace engineer adjusts the thermal insulation on NASA’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission spacecraft bus following integration of the propulsion system. (Credit: Ball Aerospace)
BOULDER, Colo., May 20, 2019 (Ball Aerospace PR) — The Ball Aerospace-built small spacecraft for NASA’s Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) arrived in Florida today to prepare for a June launch on board a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. GPIM is NASA’s first opportunity to demonstrate a new “green” propellant and propulsion system in orbit – an alternative to conventional chemical propulsion systems.
ULA & Ball Aerospace Seeks Student Payloads for Launch
December 17, 2018 December 17, 2018 News 0
CENTENNIAL, Colo. (ULA PR) – United Launch Alliance (ULA) has issued its request for student teams from kindergarten through 12th grade to create “payloads” for the 2019 ULA and Ball Aerospace Student Rocket Launch. More than 20 K-12 student teams will have a chance to design, build and launch objects, experiments or instruments on the ULA-intern-built Future Heavy Super Sport rocket next summer. Teams can choose to compete for a chance to win up to $5,000 for their school or sponsoring nonprofit organization by guiding their payload closest to a designated ground-based target.
NASA’s NEOWISE Asteroid-Hunter Spacecraft Releases Fourth Years of Survey Data
April 26, 2018 April 25, 2018 News 11
NEOWISE (Credit; NASA)
PASADENA, Calif. (NASA PR) — NASA’s Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) mission has released its fourth year of survey data. Since the mission was restarted in December 2013, after a period of hibernation, the asteroid- and comet-hunter has completely scanned the skies nearly eight times and has observed and characterized 29,375 objects in four years of operations. This total includes 788 near-Earth objects and 136 comets since the mission restart.
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Pirate Princess trapped deep in beta hell :)
Posted: Tue Nov 03, 2009 2:18 pm Post subject: Pirate Princess trapped deep in beta hell :)
Pirate Princess beta testing continues and we've just made a big update based on beta tester feedback. It's always scary, but essential to get the game into the hands of the public so we can get a reality check on all those assumptions that we made along the way. It isn't just about bugs, it's also about game play balance, pace, difficulty and a host of other factors that make a game fun.
It's not too late to help beta test the game, if you've tested one of our games before or just bought a game in the past then we'd value your help. Sign up on the forum and then join the "Pirate Princess Beta" group if you would like to help.
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About Our Doctors & Staff
Current Issues and News
Pilot Medicals
Immigration Medicals
Dive Medicals
Employment Related Medicals
Skin Cancer and Moles
Dr Anton Wiles
M.B., Ch,B, D.O.bs. (RCOG), F.R.N.Z.C.G.P., Dip Av Med, Silver Medal RNZCGP
Dr Wiles established a succesful practice in Ellerslie where he worked for 20 years before moving to join with Dr Daniels in 2001, eventually buying the practice. He taught medical students and trainee general practice registrars for more than 12 years and was integral in running the GP college exams in Auckland for years – for which he was awarded the College’s Silver Medal. He was one of the leaders in the formation of the IPAs in Auckland and went on to become chairman of the NZMA in 1998. He was a GP obstetrician from 1980 to 2010, and estimates that he has delivered over 2,000 babies. He was the driving force for the development of Doctors Delivering Babies a group of seven GPOs who provided maternity care for Auckland mums from 1999 to 2004. He remains willing to assist with pregnancy advice and some care. He also provides medical services to NZ Customs, and is a Police Medical Officer for Auckland Central.
Anton is a medical examiner for NZ CAA, Australia CASA, United Kingdom, Qatar, FAA and Transport Canada pilots. He also performs NZ, Canadian and USA Immigration medicals.
Dr Patrina Hurley
Dr Hurley graduated from Trinity College, Dublin in 1999, and has also had extensive general practice experience. Special interests for her include Womens Health, Travel Medicine and Mental Health. Dr Hurley has 3 young children, and works during school terms only: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday 9am – 1:15pm.
We have 3 New Zealand trained Registered Nurses on staff.
Senior Practice Nurse
Qualified in 1982, Keren has extensive experience in primary care. She is also experienced in accident and emergency, and coronary and intensive care. Employed as a full-time practice nurse in 2001 at Remuera Doctors, her current role is Practice Manager, in addition to clinical work. Keren is a Certified Vaccinator and Certified Smear Taker.
Qualified in 1977, Lynda’s previous experience is in burns management. Lynda has extensive experience in primary care. She joined Remuera Doctors in February 2002 as a full-time practice nurse. Lynda is a Certified Vaccinator and Certified Smear Taker.
Enrolled Nurse
Rachel joined Remuera Doctors in 2012. Qualified in 1981, Rachel’s experience is in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessments, Diabetes, Vaccinations (11 years and over) and wound care.
Reception Staff
On our front desk at Remuera Doctors you will talk to Maude, Pip or Marie. Experienced front desk receptionists, they are your first point of contact and will be able to assist you.
Dr Anton Wiles & Dr Patrina Hurley
Reception Hours: Monday – Friday 8:00am to 6:00pm
Please see below for GP hours
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Walkden Station is now recognised as a “Top Priority” to TfGM
By Sofia Tavini on 3rd March 2020 in News
Walkden Station have missed out on another funding opportunity despite being Salford’s busiest station.
Recent revelations on the proposed Park and Ride project has identified the necessary finance to deliver the scheme.
Recently sent letter to residents in Walkden informing them of the progress we’re making with park & ride at Walkden Station, despite national government not funding step free access, which we’ll need to continue to lobby for. Events are being held on 25th & 27th this month👇🏻👇🏻 pic.twitter.com/iDhvPbmmF6
— SalfordMayor (@salford_mayor) February 24, 2020
Finally, Salford City Council and TfGM have confirmed and are in the midst of developing a proposed design for the site.
In addition, City Mayor, Paul Dennet has informed the community that feedback on the development should be received at Springtime.
Prior to this, Paul Dennet promised improvements to Walkden Station back in 2016.
Hoping to improve the station with disabled access and the “desperate need” for a car park.
However, a rejected funding application halted the procedure, he said: “This was major blow to the project.
“And is the reason for the lack of any visible progress to date.
“The situation is a disgrace.
“We should not have to fight for step free access for our train stations. it should be a standard across our City.”
@transportgovuk Could you please explain why you have turned down a bid from Salford City Council for funding to revamp Walkden Station? Access for the disabled is non-existant, and parking is difficult.
— Dave Smith (@whollydavesmith) February 26, 2020
Reportedly, the Park and Ride initiative would aim to alleviate congestion and parking problems in the surrounding area.
An update had shown that Gov.co.uk announced to citizens that Rail Stations would receive a £20 million funding boost.
Although Transport for Greater Manchester listed Walkden Train Station as a “top priority”.
The website revealed that the Station would not receive funding.
As a result, locals were less than amused.
Councillor Richard Critchely described the situation as “totally unacceptable.”
Furthermore, the City Mayor continued: ” Although I am really that disappointed Walkden Station wasn’t chosen
“I am very pleased that we have been able to make progress in bringing this project forward.”
As well as focusing on the Park and Ride proposal, local Councillors are also turning their attention to road safety and traffic calming measures.
Tags: Government North West Park and ride Public Transport Salford Salford Council TfGM train station Trains
Written by Sofia Tavini
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Samuel Mark Anderson
visual ethnography of performance, politics, and public life
original photo: Lisa Kahane
“Inherent Vice: Contagion and the Archive in The Times Square Show.” e-misférica: Performance and Politics in the Americas 6, no. 1.
A 2009 article based on felicitous research in the NYU archives and reflecting my broader research interests in aesthetics, politics, space, and excess.
Available at: https://hemisphericinstitute.org/en/emisferica-61/6-1-essays/inherent-vice-contagion-and-the-archive-in-the-times-square-show.html
Times Square, June 1980. A diverse collective of artists invade a former massage parlor in the most notorious neighborhood in New York City. Within its grimy, crumbling walls, hundreds of paintings, sculptures, Xeroxes, drawings, graffiti, and performances rub up against each other, losing individual definition to the point where it becomes difficult to tell where one piece begins and another ends. As an event, The Times Square Show reconfigured New York’s artistic landscape, defining the aesthetic of the following decade. Yet this essay examines how the show also operated as an archive of artifacts and affects that commemorated the chaos of Times Square – the productive, heady, unstable, interclass and intercultural mishmash that was then facing extinction by redevelopment. Three specific works, pieces by Christy Rupp, John Ahearn and Rigoberto Torres, and Jack Smith, unveil how the show revolutionized the art world by embracing the creative potential of contagion and decay.
© 2016 Samuel Mark Anderson
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Life 11th August, 2017
Real life humpty dumpty – Adorable tot has head wired back together again after life saving op
Real life Humpty Dumpty – Adorable tot has had her head wired back together again after undergoing a major operation to rebuild her skull.
Hanna Bowran-Pavey, 39, had several late scans in pregnancy due to the midwife’s concern about the size of her baby but was later reassured that there was nothing to worry about.
But, 15 hours into labour Hanna became concerned, her baby’s head gotten stuck due to its size and Hanna was forced to have an emergency C-section.
At just seven weeks old baby Lucy was diagnosed Craniosynostosis – an extremely rare condition that can lead to learning difficulties, sight problems and brain damage if left untreated – after it was found her skull had fused together prematurely.
In a bid to prevent her skull causing pressure on her brain, surgeons cut Lucy’s skull into several pieces and re-positioned it during a five hour long operation.
Thankfully the tot, who is now 17 months old, has now made a full recovery and has since hit all of her milestones.
Hanna, an accountant from Willingham, Cambridgeshire, said: “We were terrified when we found out that Lucy’s entire skull would have to be re-built.
“But we knew this would prevent her from developing life threatening issues as she grows.
“Labour with my first pregnancy lasted three hours and so this time around I knew something was wrong.
“After 15 hours I demanded to see a doctor as I knew something was wrong, nobody understood why my labour wasn’t progressing.
“Due to the stress and lengthy labour, Lucy was born with sepsis and a hole in her lung after the shock of the emergency delivery which was terrifying.
“Thankfully after a week in NICU she recovered and we were able to bring her home, but seven weeks later we were told she had Craniosynostosis.
“After her diagnosis we knew surgery was the only option, but there was the risk that she might not pull through, it was the longest day of our lives.
“During surgery the top of her skull was taken off and cut into sections, some parts were cut off completely and others were re-positioned, just like a jigsaw puzzle.
“She was left with a zig zag scar from ear to ear, but it has since healed nicely and her hair covers most of it.
“Lucy is now doing amazingly well and has been so much happier since the operation, she is meeting all her milestones and started walking two weeks ago.”
Hanna admits that her pregnancy wasn’t easy however Lucy’s rare condition went unnoticed.
She added: “At 36 weeks it was suspected that my baby had enlarged vessels on her brain, but after closer inspection the consultant told us that he couldn’t see anything wrong.
“Because of this I had a few extra scans, but no one picked up the size of her skull which was off the top of the chart when she was born.
“I had planned to have a normal labour and it was a complete shock when I was told I would need a C-section.
“During labour babies skulls usually move but Lucy’s couldn’t as it had already fused together.
“After she arrived she was taken into the NICU and kept there for seven days to treat the sepsis and her perforated lung.
“We asked several times if there was a problem with her skull but everyone told us all babies are born with funny shaped heads.
“But my husband, Tom, insisted that the ridge on her head wasn’t normal.
“At seven weeks old I took Lucy for a routine check-up and that’s when the consultant told us she had Craniosynostosis.”
Lucy was sent to the John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford and on January 16 this year she endured a five hour operation to re-shape her skull and prevent pressure developing on her brain.
Hanna said: “The medical team were amazing, they reassured us the whole way through and made sure Lucy was comfortable.
“As she was only 10 months old we had only just gotten used to her being at home and so it was really hard to see her go back into hospital again.
“After the op her face was really swollen and there was such an extreme change in her head shape that she looked unrecognisable.
“We didn’t get many negative comments but I remember the funny looks we used to get at different baby groups I attended.
“When I spoke to other mums they would make remarks about the size of her head and whether she was rolling or sitting and I felt like she was being constantly compared, so I stopped going.”
Hanna is now keen to raise awareness for Craniosynostosis as the rare condition is not widely known about.
She added: “It’s scary how limited the knowledge is before you actually get diagnosed and referred, GP’s often won’t see one case in their life time.
“She wears glasses to help with her sight but she shouldn’t need any further surgery on her skull.
“The parent support group cranio ribbons on Facebook have been amazing, it’s just a shame that we didn’t find this before Lucy’s operation.”
Tags: humpty dumpty surgery twins
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Damn, these people have an insatiable need to feel victimized
Tim Gill
By now many of you have read Andy Kroll's June 23 piece in Rolling Stone about Tim Gill. Mr. Gill has spent a great deal of money financing LGBT equality. Gill, a Republican, is currently focused on the Bible Belt. His goal is nondiscrimination protections in every state.
Among the more than 4,500 words in Kroll's piece are these 89 words that are driving the religious right over the cliff. (Keep in mind that they want to be driven over the cliff. Being victimized is part of the ethos):
More broadly, for Gill and his allies, nondiscrimination is the new front of the movement: a campaign that pits LGBTQ advocates against a religious right that responded to marriage equality by redoubling its efforts. The election of Donald Trump, who claims to support gay rights but stocked his administration with anti-LGBTQ extremists, has only emboldened those looking to erase the gains of the past decade. Gill refuses to go on the defense. “We're going into the hardest states in the country,” he says. “We're going to punish the wicked.”
Aly Nielsen
Today's persecution complex is brought to you by Aly Nielsen from Newsbusters provided by Charisma. The title of Nielsen's opus magnum is “Gay Activist Wants to 'Punish' the Religious Right.” It begins rather poorly:
LGBTQ activist Tim Gill wants to “punish the wicked” who oppose gay marriage. And part of his agenda includes giving $5.25 million to 25 media groups between 2003 and 2015.
Gill told Rolling Stone “we're going to punish the wicked” on the “religious right” as part of a shift to focus on nondiscrimination. According to Rolling Stone, Gill is "the nation's most powerful force for LGBTQ rights."
The phrase “religious right” is never attributed to Gill. It is used twice in the piece by Mr. Kroll and not in this context. Nor is this about marriage. In other words, Ms. Nielsen is being intellectually dishonest. The second sentence of that paragraph is also incoherent (actually rather moronic). She is mixing past with future (past expenditures with a future agenda) and none of that is in the article. (5.25 million ÷ 13 years) ÷ 25 groups = about $16 thou per group per year. Who cares?
And while we are on the subject of money, every nickel that Gill spends is money that Gill earned. Newsbuters is part of Media Research Center which also controls American, Inc., L. Brent Bozell III, proprietor. Bozell's money is largely inherited and most of what his operation spends is donated. From donations he takes compensation of about $465 thousand per year. His organizations drop more than $15 million every year to deny LGBT people the benefit of Equal Protection and Due Process. The uber-Catholic Bozell is a staunch Defender of the Faith™ and then some. Bozell's bigotry seems to extend to African-Americans as well based on some statements that he has made.
Getting back to Ms. Nielsen's polemic:
Not once between June 29, and July 26, have the broadcast network news programs mentioned Gill's comments. Nor have they covered the strong backlash from conservative media like The Washington Times and The Federalist.
There isn't anything to report. It is faux persecution and victimization because “punish the wicked” is a figure of speech. Most people are smarter than Newsbusters' constituency. Mr. Gill is not in a position to punish anyone and, to the best of my knowledge, he never has. What is he going to do? Send Franklin Graham to his room with no supper? Or is this just an attempt to suggest that no one on the religious right is wicked?
I do not know what Tim Gill's criteria is but I will share mine. I do not care what anyone thinks or believes. However when those beliefs are turned into actions designed to denigrate the LGBT community that is prima facie wickedness. As far as I am concerned the current pope is wicked. He spreads misinformation about gender identity and gender dysphoria, calling it gender ideology. It is rather ironic given that it is religious ideology that causes the pope to promote the false notion of gender ideology. The pope has plenty of company when it comes to transgender folks and he is responsible for much of it.
If you think that, because I am gay I am objectively disordered, I could not care less. But if, because of that, you attempt to limit my rights or diminish my equality then you are probably wicked. Indeed, if you think that being gay is a curable disease, so what? But if you campaign against my rights with the utterly false notion that sexual orientation is a choice, well then you are probably wicked. The path to wickedness is the determination to conform science to scripture. No rational person believes that being LGBT is a choice. Critical thinkers start with a hypothesis and go with the evidence. Religious conservatives start with a conclusion. Then, using selective observation, they will find “evidence” to support a predetermined outcome. Just about anything goes if it is what the self-righteous want to hear. A blog post by a chiropractor is the equal of a peer-reviewed article published by a prominent scientist in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Nielsen continues:
MRC Business reached out to the public media organizations that had received funding, asking whether the Gill's comments reflected their own views and if they would sever financial ties with Gill based on his comments.
Only one group provided a comment following MRC's request. One other group said it does not discuss donations.
"We will not refuse future support, nor will we return any support we have received this year," Aspen Public Radio Executive Director Carolyne Heldman said in an email, "We may or may not agree with Mr. Gill's mission, but our job is to uphold everyone's right to freedom of speech, a free press, and fair, unbiased reporting and storytelling."
First of all, who gives a flying fart about MRC Business? Secondly, why would anyone give two shits about Gill's figure of speech? This is only an issue because they want it to be an issue because they enjoy the misery of feeling persecuted (incorrectly most of the time). And who turns away money? It is frustrating because I am part of a minority community that really is persecuted by the very people obsessed with portraying themselves as victims. Worst of all, they persecute the children in my community, either because they are LGBT or because they are being raised by a gay couple. Sometimes the bigotry is direct and sometimes they are misinforming parents. Either way, it is a sad commentary on the sanctimonious twits who comprise the religious right.
Shame on Nielson for her intellectual dishonesty. Shame on Bozell for being an all-around schmuck. Shame on every cretin who thinks that religion provides a justification for discrimination.
Labels: Aly Nielsen, L. Brent Bozell III, LGBT, Media Research Center, Newsbusters, Tim Gill
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Poor, Poor ADF (Bringing in the Sheaves)
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An amusing dissertation on Satanism with some homo...
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Mollie Hemingway added her usual BS to the ABC/ADF...
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A new argument from Michelle Cretella for a Cathol...
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Brian S. Brown outlines an agenda
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M&M Heroes VI: Shades of Darkness: Going under
PC / Reviews / by Jeff deSolla /
Shades of Darkness, the new standalone expansion for Might & Magic Heroes VI, adds a new faction (Dungeon) and two campaigns. Still, it doesn’t really feel like there is much content here, at least not compared to its price tag. It adds a lot of hours of gameplay, but not much has changed from the first game. It feels less like an expansion, and more like standalone DLC.
While the game runs on its own, it really feels like you’re missing out without the base game. The story feels a bit weak, even compared to recent Heroes games, possibly a casualty of the demise of original developer Black Hole. Development of Shades was done by contract studio Virtuos, after Limbic Entertainment handled the previously-released adventure packs. The game sticks to the series’ typical, well-trodden formula, and the story feels more like an excuse to make the new campaigns rather than using them to tell an interesting tale. The two follow both the new Dungeon faction and the Necropolis, sticking heavily to the darkness theme.
Launch woes are becoming all too common, and Shades of Darkness is no different. Broken cutscenes, missing sound, and many other issues have made this game’s first week a bit of a lost cause. It took a few days before I could really say this game was in a playable state, though thankfully many of these issues have been ironed out. I was somewhat surprised, as Ubisoft has had a pretty good track record lately, since dropping always-on DRM has eliminated the overloaded servers the company’s games have been plagued with in the past.
Despite these faults, the gameplay is what I have come to expect from the Heroes series, and the new faction adds interesting new units. The Dungeon’s units largely consist of Dark Elves, and they distinguish themselves from the existing Necropolis underworld faction with their use of stealth and other generally-unscrupulous tactics. Whether the AI really is better is debatable, but there are a few new things to see. The formula remains: fight neutral enemies, capture resources, build your forces and confront the enemy. Those expecting further iteration beyond this release should note: Ubisoft says it concludes “the Heroes VI experience.”
If you want more Heroes maps to play, I would still suggest this one, though only if you’re craving new content. I would still wait for a couple patches and wait out the launch bugs. Might & Magic Heroes: Shades of Darkness offers more gameplay, but still doesn’t come close to the earlier games in the series when it comes to overall quality.
Pros: More Heroes gameplay
Cons: Weak story, many bugs
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An Hypothesis
February 16th, 2010 — architecture
Enterprise IT is badly broken in most of it’s current incarnations. This is due to a wide range of influences – organizational, political and technical. I think there are ways to increase productivity and reduce cost and risk by changing enterprise IT practices towards:
A collaborative business and IT culture that owns and manages risk rather than just outsource and lose control.
An Enterprise IT strategy and Architecture that provides “cohesion” so that smaller, agile projects can deliver strategic value.
Using (and developing in-house) development frameworks that enhance productivity by:
encouraging in-house standards and best practices,
operating at a high level of abstraction – business processes, services, events, rules
foster developer skills beyond “commodity” levels.
Venus and Mars
June 10th, 2008 — development
I had the pleasure of attending two conferences in recent weeks – the Australian Architecture Forum in Melbourne, and JAOO in Sydney. Both conferences held some surprises and in particular I was struck by the very different attitudes toward SOA.
The Architecture Forum was of course aimed at IT Architects and as a result it was about SOA, SOA and SOA…with a bit of SOA as well. Even when you tried to not talk about SOA (as one bold presenter attempted)…the conversation still swung around to SOA. By contrast, at JAOO, there was nary a mention of SOA. You don’t have to look far to understand why…JAOO’s by-line is “by Developers for Developers”…so the target audience and attendees were – Developers. Hence much of the content was around languages, platforms and agile methodologies.
What I enjoyed most about JAOO was the chance to meet and talk with the great lineup of speakers. Kudos to Dave Thomas for wrangling these people to this unfashionable side of the planet. Among the highlights were: Gregor Hohpe talking about the challenges of distributed systems, Martin Fowler expounding on the virtues of simplicity in design, Jim Webber trying to reconcile his two loves in life and Steve Vinoski on how a portfolio of languages helps us develop better solutions. All of this gave me the opportunity to consider the perspectives of architects versus developers. Gregor Hohpe captured the tone with his statement that an “architects dream is often a developers nightmare”.
An Enterprise Architect is generally focussed on the larger components in the IT infrastructure – how they are owned, sourced, maintained, combined and deprecated. And an architect considers not only machines and software but also data, processes and organizational structure. A key consideration for architects is how these things work together and therefore standards are important.
Developers care about delivering solutions for a particular business requirement. They care about the languages and platforms and methodologies that support their needs for correctioness, quality and maintainability. Developers have evolved techniques to deliver these qualities which are sometimes at odds with the needs of Architects and associated standards. From a developers perspective, many of the web-services standards conflict with their best practices. For example, XML is not really a language and cannot be completely treated like a language. Source-code management systems often have difficulty with XML. XML-based “languages” such as WSDL and BPEL are so complex that they require visual interfaces and complex IDEs that are at a higher abstraction than the XML “code”. The ability of these visual interfaces to “diff”, “merge” and debug are often pretty poor. Recently there has been a welcome move away from the masses of XML configuration files in J2EE in favour of java annotations. And perhaps there is further value in domain specific languages like Integration Flow Language in project Fuji.
Architects and Developers are in a symbiotic relationship which is definitely not frictionless. A good understanding on both sides of the needs and drivers of the other party will help to get everyone working in the same direction. Each should know the languages, techniques and platforms used by the other and a common understanding will lead to better ways of achieving what is ultimately a common goal.
Waiting for the great leap forward
May 15th, 2008 — web-services
One of the original and fundamental tenets of the SOAP standard was that the SOAP message is independent of the underlying transport. Ostensibly you could use SOAP over HTTP, JMS, email, FTP etc. but the reality is that a standard binding has only ever existed for SOAP over HTTP. To paraphrase Henry Ford – “you can have any SOAP transport you like, as long as its HTTP”.
While HTTP is undoubtedly a good choice for SOAP – given its ubiquity – there is at least one other transport which demands attention. This is the JMS transport which is widely used inside the firewall of many organizations. Of all the companies that I work with, their SOA infrastructure heavily relies on JMS transports inside the firewall, with HTTP transports outside the firewall or to selected service end-points such as web pages. Of course my experience has significant selection effects, but nevertheless JMS is an important transport in many SOAs. Testament to this is that every major web-services product vendor (save Microsoft) supports SOAP over JMS (and even Microsoft now has SOAP over MSMQ as an important part of WCF).
The fly in the ointment is that there has never been a standardized binding for SOAP over JMS and as a result there is little interoperability between SOAP/JMS solutions provided by different platform vendors. If you happen to have any combination of different web-service platforms in your organization, then they cannot easily communicate with each other using SOAP over JMS without performing some unnatural acts.
Some of issues that need to be considered with a SOAP binding to JMS are:
How do you represent the message content – text or binary? Most vendors have chosen a text message representation, but that has problems with multi-byte encodings, so other vendors have gone with a byte message representation.
What headers do you define and what should their names be? How do you use the standard JMS headers? different vendors have different naming conventions and semantics.
In the WSDL description, how do you represent the connection details to the JMS provider?
How do your service endpoints manage the different message exchange patterns that are available with message-oriented transports?
Each of the vendors went their own way on many of these issues and as far as interoperability was concerned they basically ceded the field to HTTP. They made life difficult for large organizations with heterogeneous platforms and in my opinion didn’t do themselves any favours on the way. (Actually SOAP-encoding interoperability was so broken for a while that noone noticed the JMS issues…so maybe it wasn’t so bad).
Subsequently it was great to see some of the vendors get together a couple of years ago to agree on a standard SOAP binding for JMS that addresses most of the important considerations. The result was a Member Submission to W3C in September last year. My understanding is that this submission was previously circulated through most of the vendor community so hopefully it has general agreement on the technical details.
This has now taken its first steps to standardization with the initiation of a SOAP-JMS Binding Working Group who aim to publish a recommendation by April next year. Hopefully vendor support of the binding will be hot on its trail.
Note that the standard binding won’t address the fact that different JMS implementations do not interoperate. For example, a TIBCO JMS client will not be able to talk to a Websphere JMS provider because JMS is an API standard, not a wire-protocol standard. What the SOAP/JMS binding standard does mean is that once you have settled on a standard JMS provider for your services, you could define your service description in standard WSDL and your service provider (say Websphere or TIBCO or WSO2) and your service consumer (say TIBCO or WebLogic or Axis) would be able to communicate directly using SOAP over JMS “out of the box”.
Its been eight years (almost to the day) since SOAP 1.1 came out with the HTTP binding. Wouldn’t it be great if a standard JMS binding could be achieved within the decade! It’s been a very long wait. The JMS binding should have happened a lot sooner and I can’t say the “wait has been worth it” but it does fill an important hole in the Web-Services standards.
So what do we do in the meantime? You can eschew JMS altogether and stick with HTTP, but that requires another lot of hard work. You can stick with one and only one service platform, but that is difficult in large heterogeneous organizations – which is where SOA is supposed to provide maximum benefit. Or you can continue to do what many SOA implementers have done and deal with SOAP directly at the JMS layer – effectively using SOAP as plain-old-XML over JMS. I wrote more about this approach recently.
Another thing you can do in the meantime is ask your vendor when will they support the new SOAP/JMS binding?
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XRF Research
Chemistry Consulting
Mail-In Testing
Client Payment
Scope and Limitations
XRF Spectra
Consumer Products-Safety
Precious Metal Content
X-Ray Fluorescence Data
Testing/Consulting Services
Limits of Detection
In summary, most metals and elements starting with Titanium (Z = 22) exhibit detection limits in the 10-150 ppm range if they are present in a material consisting mainly of light elements.
In the case of a heavy element mixture, such as an alloy, the LODs can be higher. For example, while lead in soil can be detected below 20 ppm in the absence of interferences, lead in tin becomes hard to detect below 500 ppm (0.05%), based on experiments with standards in Analytical Mode. For standard Analytical Mode, a number of metals in alloys appear to have LODs in the 200 ppm range (acquisition time of 180 s) based on analyses of certified standards, but there is significant variability depending on the specific metal and alloy. However, the RoHS-WEEE Mode has incorporated a special method for detecting Cd in alloys slightly below its 100 ppm limit in the regulations, involving an acquisition time of several minutes. This method is also more suitable for trace Pb in alloys.
Light elements such as phosphorus and sulfur are hard to detect in a matrix of heavy elements owing to the relatively low intensity of their fluorescence. Consequently, for metals, one must use caution in interpreting high purity readings. A reading of “100% pure” from the instrument just means that everything else was below the LODs for the experiment conditions. For instance, this could be consistent with a 95wt% pure material containing 5wt% light elements (e.g., Al, P, S, Si), or a 99.9% material containing 10-20 heavy elements, each in the ~50-100 ppm (0.005-0.01%) range. Even with some assumptions (e.g., the sample is composed of only heavy elements, and the number of impurities limited), the upper limit for estimation of purity would be approximately three nines.
Quantitation and Alloy ID. The software in Analytical Mode determines % composition, then matches the values to tables in a grade library to identify unknown metals and alloys. The instrumentation delivers good performance in identifying most alloys. In the case of major elements that cannot be observed directly, such as aluminum, the grades can be usually be identified by the relative concentration of minor alloying elements.
It is important to note that the software delivers the best match based on the elements that are detectable and included in the quantitation table. Alloys that differ only in the amount of undetectable light elements may look the same.
Likewise, the wt% composition reflects the relative amounts of the heavy (detectable) elements, typically beginning with titanium (Z = 22, Group 4 in periodic table). For most alloys the difference would be small, but in some cases the actual wt% of the major element would appear higher than it is in reality if light elements are present.
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The Village of Waterford Virginia
A National Historic Landmark
Why protect Waterford
Why Waterford Became a Landmark
Why we live in Waterford
The Village in Context to Its Land
Simms House – Where a Concern for History Did Not Save this House
Simms House Demolished
This and that about Waterford
Visiting Waterford
Waterford Walking Tour – Lower Main Street
Phillips Farm Walking Trail
Visit Loudoun County Historical Sites & Museums
Waterford images
Waterford Citizens’ Association
Waterford Fair
Waterford Foundation – Preserving the village history
Waterford History
Fighting Over Historic Designation – Simms House
The Simms House, 40153 Janney Street, was the last house in Waterford that needed restoration. Because Loudoun County works at protecting its historical structures through its Historic District Review Committee, it had been hoped that the Simms House would be saved. Unfortunately, it wasn't!
Simms house in 1935
The Simms House is named after resident Lizzie Simms, an African-American
woman who taught African-American school children at the Second Street School
, which is still standing just down the street from the Simms House. In fact, more than 20,000 Loudoun County children have been taught in the 1867 school house as part of the Waterford Foundation’s highly popular Second Street School Program. Through this program, fourth graders are able to live a day in the life of a documented African-American child attending the school in the year 1880
The tens of thousands of students who have participated in the program since the mid-1980s have been able to look from the school yard up to the Simms House. They can see that it is, architecturally, a relatively small and simple house built for people of modest means, thereby further instilling their lessons learned about Waterford’s African-American community. As such, the Simms House is a key part of the social, economic, racial, and architectural history not only of village of Waterford, but also of Virginia and the nation.
Simms house being demolished
Preservation Activity
November 10 — Board of Supervisors voted to uphold the June 14 vote of the Historic District Advisory Committee that approved the certificate of appropriateness for Waterford property owner Milari Madison's home that excluded a west wing sought by the owner.
July 14 — Madison files a Loudoun Circuit Court lawsuit challenging the HDRC's rules and procedures as unconstitutional. The lawsuit seeks a ruling from a judge before any action has been taken to clarify the rights of all parties and is an opinion on a contested question of law. In an e-mail to the Board of Supervisors and county staff July 3, Madison said the "HDRC has no authority to divest me of my rights, and has such vague and ambiguous rules and procedures that an unconstitutional determination will be sought before the Court.
June 14 — Loudoun County Historic District Review Committee has given final approval to the construction of a new house with the condition that the west wing be removed from the plan. The vote on the application was originally taken last month, but raised the ire of residents and some committee members because they believed public notice had not properly been given that the matter would be taken up, and that a condition of approval that would have required a reduction of the size of the house was left out. An amended motion including that provision limiting the project's massing was adopted in a 5-1 vote.
While massing was agreed as a major concern with Madison's application, simply forgoing the west wing, some committee members said, would not address the issue, and the main house should be reduced as well. Others noted that if the west wing were removed, the owners could file a subsequent application for an addition, which the committee would be hard pressed to deny.
The Madison's petition to rid of the historic designation that gives the county the authority to keep her from building her house. Madison petitions the National Park Service and the Virginia Historic Resources Board to delist Waterford as an historic district.
Virginia Board of Historic Resources upholds landmark status »
December 6 - Simms House demolished. Read the full overview.
January 24 - Judge Thomas D. Horne heard brief presentations yesterday regarding two of the multiple lawsuits in the Loudoun Circuit Court regarding Paul and Milari Madison’s home in Waterford, commonly known as the Simms House.
This letter from Milari Madison accuses the WCA of tortuous interference, slander and defamation by blatantly making false statements and accusations. Madison's Letter »
December 15 - Board of Zoning Appeals (BZA) voted 4 to 1 to deny the Simms House owners' appeal to demolish the house based on their attempt to sell the structure only as a bona fide offer. The BZA concurred with the Zoning Administrator's finding that in a Historic District, an owner must offer both the structure and "the land pertaining to" for sale to qualify as a bona fide offer under section 6-1907 of the zoning ordinances.
December 6 - The Board of Supervisors upholds the HDRC August 1 decision to deny the Madisons (the owners of the Simms House) a demolition permit. Speakers in support of the Simms House and the HDRC included historians, the chair of the Leesburg Board of Architectural Review, a contractor who had inspected the house. More »
November - The Simms House may stand for at least a bit longer, but its long-term fate lies in the hands of a sharply divided board of supervisors. Several people testified that the owners have not only ignored consultants who said the home could be saved, but have actively assisted in its deterioration.
September - The owners appeal the HDRC August decision denying their demolition application. The owners claim the house should be demolished because it was economically infeasible for them to sell the property or fix it up and that the structure is not historically significant.
September - The owners file suit naming the Department of Historic Resources (DHR). They state that the DHR was not allowed to designate an entire district with either a National or Landmark status. The owners claim this then invalidates the local historic district designation of Waterford. The owners are siting the case of Worley vs Washington. The county is asking this to be dismissed.
September - The owners put the Simms House for sale, separate from the lot. They are in receipt of a letter from the Zoning Administrator stating that this does not meet the requirements in the ordinance for trying to sell the property in order to demolish if it is not sold.
September 16 - The owners try to submit another certificate of appropriateness for a new house, in anticipation of their planned demolition related to the item above. The county does not accept the application since the structure is currently on the property and the owners have several outstanding applications related to the current condition of the house.
August 15 - Planning Staff requests determination from the Zoning Administrator as to whether the owners' offer to sell only the structure meets the intent of Section 6-1907 of the Zoning Ordinance.
August 10 - owners submit offer to sell the house at 40153 Janney Street without the underlying land to the Department of Planning. The offer is forwarded to the HDRC.
August 1 - After a three hour meeting, the HDRC unanimously voted to deny the demolition petition on both accounts. The committee determined that it is economically feasible to sell the home since there was proof of two recent bona fide offers on file. In addition, they stated that the Simms house does have historical significance and that its demolition would substantially impair the historic district as a whole. The applicant appealed the HDRC decision.
July 1- The owners of the Simms House turn in a new application to demolish the Simms House. The owners state that under section 6-1907 D 1 & 2 they should be able to demolish the house immediately. The two main reasons they list are: 1) the demolition of the Simms House would not undermine the historic district because the house has no historical significance, and 2) it is economically infeasible for the owners to put the house up for sale or to restore the house.
June - The owners inform the Loudoun Board of Supervisors in a June 24 letter that they plan to expand their pending Circuit Court lawsuit to claim that the Waterford Historic District is invalid. The threat of a legal challenge represents the latest flanking movement in the owner’s more than two-year attempt to force the county government to let them build a larger house on land they purchased in the historic district. The lawsuit would be expanded to challenge the validity of the historic district itself, not just the interpretation and the implementation of the regulations, was an April 16, 2004, ruling by 20th Circuit Court Judge Jeffery Parker that nearly resulted in the nullification of the Town of Washington’s historic district
June 9 - owners withdraw petition via e-mail to staff.
May 9 - owners submit petition to demolish 40153 Janney Street under Section 6-1907 (D 1) of the 1993 Revised Loudoun County Zoning Ordinance stating that the forced sale of the structure [40153 Janney Street] would be economically infeasible in relation to its effect on the remaining property, but also due to the fact that the loss of the house would have no historical or cultural impact on the historic district.
July 12 - At the HDRC meeting a motion is passed to deny the plans as submitted due to errors, inconsistencies, and deficiencies in plans. In addition, plans still did not comply with instructions set out at March 1, April 5, and June 7th meetings and related motions. Twenty community members present at meeting. owners not in attendance.
June 28 - owners submit additional package to BOS members regarding former demolition in Waterford as well as examples of what they consider to be different standards for other applicants.
June 16 - Loudoun County building inspector sends letter to owner stating Simms house is safe. Owners appeal determination by the inspector to the Building Code and Appeals Board.
June 7 - At the HDRC meeting a motion is passed to defer the March 1, 2004, plans as submitted due to errors, inconsistencies, and deficiencies in plans. In addition, plans still did not comply with instructions set out at March 1 meeting and related action motion. Eighteen community members present at meeting. owners not in attendance.
June 4 - At the owners' request, Steve Rogers, state certified building inspector, goes to Simms property to inspect with the owner present. Inspector determines property is safe according to state code.
Early June - Realty company takes down "for sale" sign.
May 19 - Letter goes from Planning Department Program Manager, to the owners stating that at the direction of the County Attorney they are being advised that "the relief you seek, approval of the addition considered by the HDRC at the March 1, 2004 meeting, is not available through this appeal. The HDRC did not deny the design considered at the March meeting but rather deferred the applicant, with additional direction, to the April meeting. As such, there is technically no final HDRC decision from which to appeal."
May 10 - owners request a second demolition permit in zoning department.
May 4 - owners submit appeal to 80S for denial in April. They state it is the March 1 plan that they are appealing to be able to build. The March drawings for which the owners seek approval have a date of February 24 on the cover "plat." The architectural plans are dated February 17.
April 5 - During the HDRC meeting, owner states that if they found a buyer they would not tear it down. At public comment, Jamie Hutton offers to purchase the Simms House from the owners for 10% over purchase price. owners refuse offer.
April 5 - At the HDRC meeting, the owners turn in two different sets of plans. One revised option has total square footage of about 3,342 with total percentage increase in square footage at 148%. The original Simms House ell is still completely engulfed by the addition and thus is not discernible.
The second set of plans is completely new and includes a breezeway attached to an extremely large addition towards the back of the house. The original Simms House is 1,344 square feet and with the proposed addition would increase to 4,085 total sq ft. This represents a 304% increase to the historical structure.
Both house options A and B were denied by the HDRC because the size, scale, massing, and subordination issues were not sufficiently addressed in the revised plans as directed by the HDRC at the March 1 meeting.
At this HDRC meeting 23 community members are present. A representative of the Waterford Foundation and local historian speak out against proposed addition because massing, size, and scale have still not been addressed.
March 1 - At the HDRC meeting, owners submit plans for an addition that is even bigger than the plans that were denied on September 8, 2003, due to massing, size, and scale.
The original Simms House square footage is 1,344 and with the proposed addition will increase 216% to 3,782 total square feet. The revised design completely engulfs the Simms house, wrapping around the existing structure on 3 sides. There were several errors on the plans and with the design as submitted. The committee members suggested the owners speak with a professional architect experienced in working in a Historic District to get some ideas on how to meet their needs but still follow the guidelines. The owners are instructed that the South elevation has serious design issues.
During this meeting, the owners are asked by an HDRC member, if they were willing to go below that size. Owners reply that given their lifestyle they are not able to eliminate any square footage. The owners currently live in a 4,093 square foot house on 10.91 acres about 1.5 miles down road on Waterford Way. Their current house is within the Waterford Elementary School District.
At the HDRC meeting a motion is passed to defer the owners' application since it does not meet the Guidelines in size, scale and massing. This is particularly evident from the south elevation as viewed from Second and Factory Streets. In order to be in compliance with the Guidelines the addition should be subordinate to the existing structure. A reduction in the size of the addition should also occur so that the original Simms House is discernable from Factory and Second Streets.
The owners stated during the meeting that if they did not get approval for the plans as submitted or a house as large, they would pursue their plans to demolish the Simms House.
Testimony against the addition was given by concerned citizens, Brown Morton (co-author of The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation of Historic Properties), the Waterford Citizen's Association, and the Waterford Foundation. Twenty-three community members were present.
Early Spring - Local couple verbally offer Simms House realtor what the owners have invested in the house. owners refuse offer.
February 2 - owners withdraw January plans and related application at 4:30 pm on night of HDRC meeting.
July 28 - Board of Building Code Appeals (BBCA) rules that the Simms House is a safe structure according to Loudoun County rules and cannot be demolished as an unsafe structure.
September - Zoning Administrator sites owners for a "failure to maintain the house in good repair and reasonably protected against decay and deterioration" under Section 6-1906A of the county zoning ordinance.
October 25 - County files temporary injunction on owners to protect the house from decay and deterioration. A hearing is held in Circuit Court and both sides are told to return with cost estimates to protect the house.
December 23 - owners submit appeal of BZA decision to circuit court, seeking demolition of Simms House. The owners feel the county is infringing on their constitutional right to develop their property the way they see fit.
December 10 - owners receive written signed contract for purchase of Simms House for $265K ($80K above their purchase price). Owners counter with $292,500. Offer expires.
December 2 - Over 40 village residents show their support at the Board of Supervisors hearing to uphold the HDRC September 8 determination. Testimony against the addition was given by concerned citizens, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, local historians, the Waterford Citizens’ Association, and the Waterford Foundation. The BOS upholds the HDRC September 8 decision to deny the proposed addition.
November 20 - Over 55 village residents show their support for the preservation of the Simms House at the Board of Zoning Appeals (BZA) hearing. Testimony against the demolition was given by concerned citizens; the National Trust for Historic Preservation; Professor Brown Morton, the co-author of The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation; local historians; the Waterford Citizen's Association; and the Waterford Foundation. Zoning Administrator Artman's letter and related denial was upheld by the BZA.
October 7 - owners submit an appeal to the BOS regarding the Historic District Review Committee denial of their application for a Certificate of Appropriateness.
October 1 - 2 - owners submit an appeal to the BZA regarding the demolition perm cancellation and related Zoning Administrator Artman's letter dated 9 -25-03.
September 14 - Jim Gosses, real estate agent, puts a "For Sale" sign in front of the Simms house. List price is $395,000.
September 12 - the owner starts a large trash fire (consisting of large branches, sheets of plywood, and other miscellaneous materials from the property) approximately 20 feet from the house at 8:00 am. the owner had informed the fire department of her plan to burn that morning. However, due to the proximity of the fire to the Simms How and the flames in excess of two stories high, the Fire Marshal was called to the scene, The Fire Marshal determines the fire is not in compliance with fire code regulation because it is within the required 50 foot setback from a structure. Marshal instructs the owner to extinguish the fire which she does.
September 8 - At the HDRC 6:00 pm meeting a motion is passed to deny owners' application for Certificate of Appropriateness due to the inappropriate size, scale, and massing of the addition. Concerned citizens, as well a representative of the Waterford Foundation, testify against the proposed addition due to the inappropriate nature of the plans and the noncompliance with the Historic District Guidelines. Approximately 1 members of the community are present. When asked by HDRC member Leah Thayer, .. "your plan right now just so I .. .is to preserve the existing house ... ". The owner answered "That is what we hope to do." Throughout the meeting the owners indicated their intention was to preserve the existing house. At no time did the owners mention that they had applied for a demolition permit for the Simms House earlier that day.
About September 10-11 - According to documents distributed by the Board of Zoning Appeals a' 2003 the November 20, hearing a site visit is conducted under the authorization of the Loudoun County building official. Property is determined to be safe. Application for demolition permit is denied and marked "cancelled", when zoning staff realize property is in a Historic District and does not fall under other zoning regulations since the property has been inspected and deemed safe.
September 8 - owners submit an application for demolition for the Simms House. They submit a "straight" application (i.e. as if house was in a regular neighborhood, not in a Historic District).
September 2 - A petition was sent to the HDRC and zoning staff with 86 signatures from Waterford village residents protesting the addition based on specific Historic District guidelines.
Early September - Advised by county employees as a necessity prior to demolition, the owners order that the electric lines be disconnected from Simms House. Once the county staff realized the Simms House was in a Historic District they put a stop to the demolition permit and stop advising on preparation of the property for demolition.
August 7 - The owners submit application for Certificate of Appropriateness to put an addition on the Simms House
August 4 - the owner goes to HDRC meeting to discuss plans "unofficially and off the record." Eleven village residents are present to hear discussion. Members of the HDRC spoke to the owner at length about issues with her proposed plans, emphasizing the importance of massing, size, and scale in relation to following the Historic District Guidelines. Design of roof lines was also discussed.
July 23 - In response to the owner's statement of intent to demolish the Simms House, 24 village residents write a letter to the HDRC stating their concerns regarding the possible demolition and/ or inappropriate addition to the historic Simms House because it is a prime example of turn-of-the century vernacular rural African American home in the Historic District and a vital part of the Second Street school program.
During July - the owner consults with three local architects, Kevin Ruedisueli, Allen Kitselmen, and Russell Versace. All three architects inform the owner that her proposed plan is not in compliance with the Historic District Guidelines. Mr. Kitselman provides the owner with his opinion in a letter stating the plan would need to change considerably to pass the HDRC and receive a certificate of appropriateness.
July 16 - Lien on Simms House was paid in full.
July 15 - owners go to settlement on Simms house. Purchase price is $185K
July 8 - The house is sold and the new owners (the Madisons) ask approval from the Historic District Review Committee (HDRC) to expand the house from 1,344 square feet to approximately 3,200. Email from HDRC staff liaison in the Loudoun County Planning Department, to owners stating that massing is an issue with proposed plans.
About July 1 - Planning to purchase the Simms House, the owner calls adjacent home owner. The owner states she plans to demolish Simms House and would like to build a house similar to his (the neighbor's home is about 3,700 sq. ft). The owner asks the neighbor for the name of his architect and contractor. He replies that the owner will not be able to demolish the historic structure. He points out that there are Historic District Guidelines (HDG) that must be followed. The owner responds that if she can't demolish the house, then she will build around the original Simms House in order to have a house of 3,700 square feet. Again the neighbor reiterates that this size house will not be likely to pass the HDRC due to noncompliance with the HDG.
April 7 - At the HDRC meeting, the owners reaches an agreement with HDRC that he will replace the siding with custom milled "novelty" siding unless it is "cost prohibitive."
November 9 - Lien was put on Simms house in the amount of 61K by an unpaid contractor hired by the owners to work on the Simms House. In the statement of work, instructions include taking off and disposing of all siding.
First week of October - Work stops on Simms house.
Late summer - Fall - Zoning inspector fined the owners and stated all work had to stop until the fine was paid and a remedy for destroying the siding was determined.
Late summer - Verbal and written complaints were filed with the zoning department when 100-year-old siding was torn off and taken off the house and removed from the property in violation of the approved Certificate of Appropriateness.
Early August - owners receive signed "Certificate of Appropriateness" to build their proposed addition after applying and attending one HDRC meeting. The addition would increase the size of the original Simms House by 52% for a total of 2040 square feet.
July 19 - Waterford residents contact Virginia Simms and subsequently purchase the Simms House for $65K. One year was required to track down all of the potenial heirs to obtain a clear title.
April 1 - The Simms House is put on the market for a short period of time. List price is $135,000.
April 1 - An attempt to raze the house failed when a potential developer withdrew their application after a large contingency from the village of Waterford voiced their opposition. Loudoun County historic guidelines only allow the demolition of an historic building if it is structurally unsafe. The applicants withdraw their application for demolition after seeing the Village residents present.
Second Street School program begins. During the next 20 years over 25,000 Loudoun County school children participate and learn about life in the 1800s in a segregated school in Loudoun County. Lizzie Simms, an African-American woman born in the Waterford area just after the Civil War, spent all her life in or near the village. Ms. Simms was a teaching assistant at the school. After her house was built in the early 20th century, just up the street from the school, it provided drinking water for the school.
Simms family moves out of Simms House. Prior to its sale in 2000, Mrs. Virginia Simms (daughter in law of Lizzie Simms) and her late husband Charles kept the house and grounds maintained. The house was occupied during 1970-1980s by friends of the Simms.
Lizzie Simms moves into house where she raises a son and several other children, and houses several boarders. She is listed in the 1920 and 1930 censuses as owning it, but not until 1939 is there a deed of sale for "$10" from the Corbins of various half shares.
Original Simms house in 2001
If she can't get the county to let her build a house on the property, Madison said, the next step is to get rid of the historic designation that gives the county the authority to hold her up.
Her petition to the Virginia Department of Historic Resources claims, "The designation [Historic District] is used as a basis for limiting the Petitioner's property rights." The designation, she charged in the petition, is and always has been "faulty, unlawful, and obsolete ..."
Loudoun Times
"I have a feeling that [Madison] has a much larger agenda than building a house in the Waterford Historic District. Madison is waging her legal fight as a property rights activist."
Waterford Virginia - A National Historic Landmark Weather data Contact us
Address for the village center: 40183 Main Street
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Saturday, January 21, 2017 / Published in Recap
Devils drop first game at St. John’s
ST. JOHN’S, NL – The Albany Devils fell 4-2 to the St. John’s IceCaps Saturday at Mile One Centre. Vojtech Mozik and Ryan Kujawinski netted the two Devils goals, but the team couldn’t push past the IceCaps. The Devils move to 23-16-1-1 while the IceCaps improve to 20-16-4-1.
Mozik started the scoring just 18 seconds into the first period. He was able to force a turnover to score the unassisted goal which marked his fifth tally of the season and was the fastest goal to start a game for the Devils this year.
St. John’s Jeremy Gregoire responded at 10:31 of the first on a tip-in from a Mark MacMillan shot. Philip Samuelsson picked up the second assist. Chris Terry gave St. John’s their first lead of the night with a shorthanded breakaway goal at 15:35 of the first period.
Kujawinski scored with 46 seconds remaining in the second period to tie the game at two. Nick Lappin took a short side shot and Kujawinski got the rebound at the far post for the equalizer. Josh Jacobs picked up the second assist. The assist marked Lappin’s first point since returning to Albany after a 35 game stint in New Jersey.
At 14:51 of the third period, Mike McCarron was able to put the IceCaps in the lead for good after he slid the puck past Devils netminder Ken Appleby during a scramble in front of the net. Charles Hudon and Chris Terry picked up the two assists.
Max Friberg netted the final goal at 18:50 of regulation on an empty net. Brett Lernout and Bobby Farnham earned the assists.
Appleby saved 15 of 18 shots and moves to 11-6-0-0. In the opposing net, Charlie Lindgren faced 28 shots, stopping 26 of them. He improves to 14-10-3-1.
The Devils and IceCaps face off Sunday for a 2:30 pm EST puck drop at Mile One Centre.
Tagged under: 2016-17, Albany Devils, Josh Jacobs, Ken Appleby, Nick Lappin, Ryan Kujawinski, St. John's IceCaps, Vojtech Mozik
Bridgeport outlasts Albany
Devils extend streak to four, take down IceCaps 6-2
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Friday, February 03, 2017 / Published in Recap
Devils edged by Phantoms
ALBANY, NY — The Albany Devils were defeated by the Lehigh Valley Phantoms 4-3, Friday, in their final meeting of the season. Blake Coleman scored two goals for the Devils and Brian Gibbons registered two assists. Andy Miele scored the game winner late in the third period for the Phantoms. Albany moves to 26-18-1-1 while Lehigh Valley improves to 30-12-2-0.
Coleman opened up the scoring at 13:51 of the first period with assists from Gibbons and Ben Sexton. Gibbons extended his point streak to four games with the helper. Nick Lappin quickly followed with a tally at 14:30 to give the Devils a 2-0 advantage. John Quenneville notched his 30th point with an assist on the goal.
Scott Laughton got Lehigh Valley on the board just 45 seconds into the second period to score the first of three straight Phantoms’ goals. Corban Knight and Chris Conner netted two quick goals at 5:38 and 6:04 of the third period, respectively, to tie the game and take the lead.
Coleman’s second goal, and team leading 16th of the year, came at 14:12 of the third period assisted by Vojtech Mozik and Gibbons. The power-play goal tied the game at three.
Miele scored the game winning goal at 16:48 of the third period on a four on three power-play after the puck bounced off of the end boards into the slot.
J.P. Anderson had 24 saves on 28 shots in his first appearance at Times Union Center. Phantoms goaltender Alex Lyon saved 28 on 31 shots.
The Devils travel to Binghamton Saturday for a 7:05 pm puck drop.
Tagged under: 2016-17, Albany Devils, Ben Sexton, Blake Coleman, Brian Gibbons, J.P. Anderson, John Quenneville, Lehigh Valley Phantoms, Nick Lappin, Vojtech Mozik
Devils surge falls just shy against Senators
Rooney’s overtime winner lifts Devils over IceCaps
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Dhakalive
17 December, 2018 00:00 00 AM
Modi blames Cong for agrarian crisis in India
THE TIMES OF INDIA, Rae Bareli
Prime Minister Narendra Modi yesterday blamed the Congress for agrarian crisis in the country and said despite being in power for 10 years, the party did not implement the recommendations of the Swaminathan Committee report.
Attacking the Congress at a public meeting at UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi’s home turf, Modi said the party neither “bothered about jawans nor farmers”.
“Why did the Congress not implement the recommendations of the Swaminathan Committee report despite being in power for 10 years. The Congress will never answer this,” Modi said.
The NDA government implemented the Swaminathan committee report on Minimum Support Price (MSP) to increase the income of farmers, he said, adding the MSP has been ensured for 22 rabi and kharif crops.
“The Congress eco-system will never tell you that this decision will enable the farmers of the country to get Rs 60,000 crore,” he said.
Hitting out at the Karnataka government where the Congress is an alliance partner, Modi said, “The Congress has been speaking big things about loan waiver, but all of them are lies.” In Karnataka, loan waiver was promised in 10 days, but the truth is something else after six months, he said.
“Newspaper reports say that in the past six months in Karnataka, loans of less than 1,000 farmers have been waived. Arrest warrants have been issued against the farmers. The Congress is exerting full force to bury the truth, hide and stop it from coming in front of the farmers of the country,” he said.
The prime minister said the central government was working day and night to ensure ‘Sabkaa Saath, Sabkaa Vikas’.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi yesterday blamed the Congress for agrarian crisis in the country and said despite being in power for 10 years, the party did not implement the recommendations of the Swaminathan Committee report. Attacking the Congress at a public meeting at UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhis home turf, Modi said the party neither bothered about jawans nor farmers. Why did the Congress not implement the recommendations of the Swaminathan Committee report despite being in power for 10 years. The Congress will never answer this, Modi said. The NDA government implemented the Swaminathan committee report on Minimum Support Price (MSP) to increase the income of farmers, he said, adding the MSP has been ensured for 22 rabi and kharif crops. The Congress eco-system will never tell you that this decision will enable the farmers of the country to get Rs 60,000 crore, he said. Hitting out at the Karnataka government where the Congress is an alliance partner, Modi said, The Congress has been speaking big things about loan waiver, but all of them are lies. In Karnataka, loan waiver was promised in 10 days, but the truth is something else after six months, he said. Newspaper reports say that in the past six months in Karnataka, loans of less than 1,000 farmers have been waived. Arrest warrants have been issued against the farmers. The Congress is exerting full force to bury the truth, hide and stop it from coming in front of the farmers of the country, he said. The prime minister said the central government was working day and night to ensure Sabkaa Saath, Sabkaa Vikas.
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5 things we’ve learnt
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Martha Ann Dodd1
F, #516681, b. 24 January 1888, d. 23 March 1978
Last Edited=1 Jan 2012
Martha Ann Dodd was born on 24 January 1888 at Traralgon, Victoria, AustraliaG.1 She married James Josiah Hepburn, son of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos, on 3 November 1909 at Victoria, AustraliaG.1 She died on 23 March 1978 at age 90 at Geelong, Victoria, AustraliaG.1
From 3 November 1909, her married name became Hepburn.1
Children of Martha Ann Dodd and James Josiah Hepburn
Edna Matilda Hepburn+1 b. 3 Nov 1910, d. 21 Feb 1984
Harold James Hepburn+1 b. 25 Nov 1911, d. 3 Feb 2000
Leslie Thomas Hepburn+1 b. 14 Feb 1913, d. 5 Jul 1984
Doris Mary Hepburn+1 b. 28 Jun 1914, d. 13 Feb 1984
Ivy May Hepburn+1 b. 11 Jun 1916
Gordon Robert Hepburn+1 b. 30 Aug 1917, d. 17 Dec 1974
George Clarence Hepburn+1 b. 13 Dec 1918
[S1042] Peter Wood, "re: Persse Family," e-mail message to Darryl Lundy, 26 February 2003 to 2019. Hereinafter cited as "re: Persse Family."
Roma Tennant Hepburn1
M, #516682, b. 18 October 1881, d. 26 June 1964
Roma Tennant Hepburn was born on 18 October 1881 at Farriham, West Temar, Tasmania, AustraliaG.1 He was the son of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos.1 He married Lavinia Sarah Isabel McDonald on 30 October 1912 at Ivanhoe, Victoria, AustraliaG.1 He died on 26 June 1964 at age 82 at Leongatha, Victoria, AustraliaG.1
Children of Roma Tennant Hepburn and Lavinia Sarah Isabel McDonald
Isabel Matilda Hepburn1 b. 31 May 1913, d. 19 Dec 1989
Vernon Ross Hepburn1 b. 19 Apr 1914, d. 24 Jul 1971
Wilbert Donald Russell Hepburn1 b. 2 Jun 1915, d. 24 Dec 1937
Douglas Robert Hepburn1 b. 22 Oct 1917, d. 29 Jun 1995
Donald McLean Hepburn1 b. 19 Nov 1918, d. 26 Dec 1979
Lavinia Sarah Isabel McDonald1
F, #516683, b. 5 December 1882, d. 10 September 1952
Lavinia Sarah Isabel McDonald was born on 5 December 1882 at Victoria, AustraliaG.1 She married Roma Tennant Hepburn, son of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos, on 30 October 1912 at Ivanhoe, Victoria, AustraliaG.1 She died on 10 September 1952 at age 69 at Leongatha, Victoria, AustraliaG.1
From 30 October 1912, her married name became Hepburn.1
Children of Lavinia Sarah Isabel McDonald and Roma Tennant Hepburn
Sir William Erskine of Cambo, 7th Bt.1
M, #516684, b. 1759, d. 2 October 1791
Last Edited=31 Dec 2011
Sir William Erskine of Cambo, 7th Bt. was born in 1759.1 He was the son of Sir Charles Erskine of Cambo, 6th Bt. and Margaret Chiene.1 He died on 2 October 1791, unmarried.1
He succeeded as the 7th Baronet Erskine, of Cambo, co. Fife [N.S., 1666] on 6 March 1790.1
Clarence Duff Hepburn1
M, #516685, b. 8 May 1883, d. 15 July 1934
Clarence Duff Hepburn was born on 8 May 1883 at Farriham, West Temar, Tasmania, AustraliaG.1 He was the son of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos.1 He married Ethel Christina MacIntosh on 1 August 1912 at Christchurch, New ZealandG.1 He died on 15 July 1934 at age 51 at Palmerston North, New ZealandG.1 He was buried on 18 July 1934 at Kelvin Grove Cemetery, Palmerston North, New ZealandG.1
Children of Clarence Duff Hepburn and Ethel Christina MacIntosh
Morva Frances Hepburn1 b. 7 May 1913
Geoffrey Norman Duff Hepburn1 b. 5 Apr 1916, d. 25 Oct 1993
Bonna Matilda Hepburn1 b. 4 Jul 1918
Colin Alexander Hepburn1 b. 9 Oct 1919
Dorothy Ethel Hepburn1 b. 7 Jun 1921
Ethel Christina MacIntosh1
F, #516686, b. 28 August 1885, d. 28 August 1967
Ethel Christina MacIntosh was born on 28 August 1885 at Timaru, New ZealandG.1 She married Clarence Duff Hepburn, son of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos, on 1 August 1912 at Christchurch, New ZealandG.1 She died on 28 August 1967 at age 82 at Wanganui, New ZealandG.1 She was buried on 30 August 1967 at Palmerston North, New ZealandG.1
From 1 August 1912, her married name became Hepburn.1
Children of Ethel Christina MacIntosh and Clarence Duff Hepburn
Margaret Ellen Hepburn1
F, #516687, b. 23 April 1885, d. September 1931
Margaret Ellen Hepburn was born on 23 April 1885 at Farnham, Tasmania, AustraliaG.1 She was the daughter of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos.1 She married Herbert Newton Mortimer in 1917 at Victoria, AustraliaG.1 She died in September 1931 at age 46 at Mooroopna, Victoria, AustraliaG.1
From 1917, her married name became Mortimer.1
Herbert Newton Mortimer1
Herbert Newton Mortimer was born in 1859 at St. Arnaud, Victoria, AustraliaG.1 He married Margaret Ellen Hepburn, daughter of Robert Hosie Hepburn and Matilda Grace Amos, in 1917 at Victoria, AustraliaG.1
Anne Gordon1
F, #516689, d. 20 March 1829
Anne Gordon was the daughter of Adam Gordon of Ardoch.1 She married Thomas Erskine, 9th Earl of Kelie, son of Sir David Erskine and unknown Young, in 1771.1 She died on 20 March 1829.1
From 1771, her married name became Erskine.1 After her marriage, Anne Gordon was styled as Countess of Kellie on 28 October 1799.
Mary Jane Lockwood1
Mary Jane Lockwood married Donald Alexander Still Hepburn, son of Robert Hepburn and Margaret Cameron.1
Her married name became Hepburn.1
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Environmental Health Tale of two cities: public transit drivers and bathroom breaks
January 14, 2016 Celeste Monforton, DrPH, MPH 5Comment
There are many things I am thankful for about my job. One of them is being able to use the bathroom whenever (and as often) as I need. I thought about this situation when I’ve heard poultry workers mention the restrictions they face. I’ve also read about the problem for bus drivers and other public transit workers. The Washington Post, for example, has been following the issue involving drivers for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). In a story from 2011, WashPost’s Dana Hedgpeth wrote:
“Some operators say they have had to relieve themselves in a cup or bag at the back of buses or in doorways. Train operators have reportedly used pocket tracks on the rail system as ‘a lavatory’ because they had ‘inadequate time to have bathroom breaks, according to a 2010 report by Metro’s inspector general.”
The WashPost story goes on:
“According to Metro chief spokesman Dan Stessel, there are procedures that allow for bus operators to take bathroom breaks. They are supposed to contact central command and ask permission. Once they receive approval, the operator should stop the bus at ‘the appropriate location, properly secure the bus and notify the passengers on the bus that he/she needs to step off the bus momentarily to a restroom,’ Stessel wrote in an e-mail.”
Last year in a follow-up story it appears the problem still hasn’t been adequately addressed for WMATA employees. This led congressional delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton to send a letter to Labor Secretary Tom Perez asking him to look into the matter. (I have a call into delegate Norton’s office asking for an update.)
While WMATA officials seem to be hard harded on the issue, Houston’s transit authority concedes that bus drivers, like most of us, have bladders, too. Dug Begley of the Houston Chronicle explains his city’s program.
“To give bus operators safe, reliable and clean places to take breaks, Metro spends more than $13,000 annually in quarterly payments to businesses. Every three months, the agency pays each business $45.”
“…Payments for so-called comfort stations are common in the transit industry, said Andy Skabowski, Metro’s chief operating officer. They’re also critical to maintaining bus service. A quarterly payment to stores is far cheaper than the alternative: having buses return to a maintenance yard or public place every time the driver goes on break, or building bathrooms in many places across the Houston area, Skabowski said. ‘In your office, you can walk down the hall and there is a bathroom,’ Skabowski said. ‘Well, their office is that bus, and they can’t just walk down the hall.’”
Begley explains further:
“In some cases, those stops can happen at public spaces such as libraries or parks, or Metro transit centers and other facilities. In other spots, a restaurant or convenience store might be the best place, leading Metro to offer a small payment. Paying the businesses, Skabowski said, enables Metro to hold them responsible for the cleanliness and condition of bathrooms.”
“The businesses on Metro’s payment vary from local favorites to national chains. Many fast food establishments are represented, as well as neighborhood-run gas stations. The list includes three McDonald’s restaurants, two coin-operated laundries, a hospital, a college campus and a barber shop.”
…”‘They are all nice, and we talk,’ Cornell Berry, owner of Mr. B’s Barber Shop, said of the Metro drivers who use her northeast Houston business.”
And what do Houston’s bus drivers think about the program? Begley writes:
“After parking his Route 25 bus along Walnut Bend Lane near Westheimer and the Sam Houston Tollway, Leo Orville – a 31-year Metro veteran – makes a familiar walk into a local convenience store to use the bathroom and grab a drink. ‘It’s just part of the shift,’ Orville said. ‘Run in, grab something, get back.’”
The Houston Chronicle’s story includes photos of veteran drivers Leo Orville and Cara Carter. The photos put a smile on my face.
The Amalgamated Transit Union, which has a local that represents WMATA employees, reports
“Congress has now directed the US Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate transit systems’ bathroom break policies.”
I’m curious to find out more about this congressional ask of DOT. If you have any details, please leave a comment.
Now…I’m off to the bathroom…
Not an “accident”: Justin ‘J.D.’ Jorgensen, 30, suffers fatal work-related injury in Altoona, Iowa
Study: Lessons from a successful lockout/tagout intervention could save a worker’s life
5 thoughts on “Tale of two cities: public transit drivers and bathroom breaks”
Al M says:
The disrespect that the ruling class has towards the working class is a serious social problem
No where is this disrespect as evident as in the American public transit industry
Jim Schultz says:
Last year the Milwaukee County Transit System (MCTS) bus drivers and maintenance workers went on strike due to inadequate bathroom breaks (both time for and time between availability) and staffing levels. The county kept trying to paint it in economic terms saying they wanted more money. The union constantly denied this and went public to try to end the disinformation. The community rallied around the drivers and set up car pools and special needs transportation for those affected by the strike. The union went out of it’s way to NOT cause hardship of lost revenue during the annual Summerfest and other festivals.
It’s time all transit workers were treated like human beings!
Douglas Frechin says:
I know of an Operator here in Seattle who would spread newspapers on the floor of the bus and go number 2. Wrap it up like a fish and throw it in the nearest trash can. I myself peed in my ATU 587 coffee cup in the back of an empty bus in the downtown Seattle Transit tunnel. Only other option would have been to pee in my pants
Hi Celesti,
Thank you for posting your article.
Interesting one. Keep posting !
I drive public transit inn Riverside CA, and on certain routes that access Downtown Riverside, the businesses are very stingy when it comes to restrooms and their usage. I see a lot of “restrooms are for customers only” signs. I ask Management about these issues and am informed that we pay these businesses to be able to use their facilities. If that is the case, then we need to quit paying them. Because too many times, we are late due to looking for a restroom. I even spoke to people recommending that we end that route as far as the Greyhound Station and turn around and head back up University, since the only restroom made available is theirs. (They must understand our pain, being fellow drivers and all). If these businesses want to be stingy, then maybe they should lose bus service. Sucks to have to get to work, just like it sucks to have to piss.
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Argh no! Otley and Protz in Burton Ale fail!
This is not going to make me popular in Pontypridd, and it will go down very badly in St Albans. But Otley Brewing Company, the widely admired Welsh brewery, and Roger Protz, doyen of British beer writers, have got together to revive a vanished classic and brewed entirely and utterly the wrong sort of beer.
Yes, I must tell you that the “Burton Ale” the Colonel and Otley have just created under the name O-Roger, and which Roger describes in detail here, isn’t a Burton Ale at all, but an IPA.
This is NOT a Burton Ale
They’ve reproduced a beer that has certainly been called “Burton Ale”, from the mid-1970s, when it was first made under that name at the former Ind Coope brewery in Burton upon Trent. And they went to the trouble of asking two former Ind Coope brewers to tell them about that beer, so they could make their reproduction as accurate as possible. Unfortunately the beer called Burton Ale that those guys brewed at Ind Coope in Burton, which was Champion Beer of Britain at the Great British Beer Festival in 1990, was NOT a Burton Ale in the sense of being in the Burton Ale style, the slightly sweet, not-too-bitter, darkish ale popular right across Britain until the 1950s, but something utterly other.
It’s the fault of the marketers at Allied Breweries in 1976. They were feeling under pressure (pun intended) from the five-year-old Campaign for Real Ale, who were persuading beer drinkers across Britain that the sort of bland, fizzy beers big brewers such as Allied produced were nowhere near as tasty and enjoyable as the traditional brews from smaller companies. So Allied took its Ind Coope Double Diamond, an India Pale Ale with roots in the 19th century that had been a best-selling nationally distributed bottled beer, and then a best-selling nationally distributed keg beer, and decided to launch it as a handpumped cask ale. Except they couldn’t call it Double Diamond Cask, because Camra had been repeatedly and extremely rude about Double Diamond keg – I remember buying a badge at a Camra beer festival that declared: “DD is K9P”.
This IS a Burton Ale
So as marketers do, they riffled through their old brands for inspiration, and found Ind Coope Burton Ale, which was still going in the 1950s (when it was described by the beer writer Andrew Campbell as “rather light” for a Burton Ale and, unlike most other beers in the Burton Ale style, “not sweet at all”) but seems to have vanished as a brand soon after Campbell wrote about it in 1956. This, the marketers decided, was the name for their rebadged cask-conditioned draught Double Diamond IPA, and they even copied the typeface and general style of the Edwardian Ind Coope Burton Ale bottle labels for the pumpclips of this “not a Burton Ale” Burton Ale. Since most drinkers had forgotten about, or never heard of, Burton Ale the beer style by the mid-1970s, there were very few protests, though my father was one who objected. Burton Ale, he insisted, being a London traditionalist when it came to beer, had to be dark, and this new “Burton Ale” was far too pale. Which, being an IPA in Burton Ale clothing, it was.
Unfortunately, Roger P has assumed that the Burton Ale of 1976 and after (which is still being brewed, by JW Lees in Manchester, apparently) is the same as the much older Burton Ale, and he writes in the Morning Advertiser this week:
The [Burton Ale] style went into deep decline in the 20th century as drinkers switched their allegiance to pale ale and bitter. But in 1976 the style was reborn when Allied Breweries launched Ind Coope Draught Burton Ale.
Nooooo! The Ind Coope Draught Burton Ale launched in 1976 was and is an IPA, a bitter pale ale of exactly the kind that had pushed out genuine Burton Ale. Anyone drinking today’s Ind Coope Draught Burton Ale and thinking that is what the Burton Ale style should be like is going to be getting the wrong end of a very muddy stick.
You may be feeling that it’s terribly rude and curmudgeonly of me to be pissing all over Roger and Otley’s parade by pointing out their error. However, I’ve been banging on since 1998 about Ind Coope Burton Ale post-1975 not actually being a Burton Ale – in fact I first said so in the pages of What’s Brewing, and I’ll allow you the joy of guessing who the editor of that paper was at the time. So it hacks me off rather more than somewhat to see my efforts at getting the true facts about Burton Ale in front of the world shunted sharply off course by some much-publicised misinformation.
That said, the first part of Roger’s brief history of Burton Ale in the Morning Advertiser I linked to up the top of this rant is accurate enough – and the beer Roger and Otley have produced together certainly sounds a good one, even if it’s not a bleedin’ Burton Ale. If you find it, try it and I think it’s very likely you’ll enjoy it. Just don’t believe that’s a Burton Ale you’re drinking.
2nd August 2011 Martyn CornellBeer, Beer styles, History of beer, RantsBurton ale, Burton upon Trent, Ind Coope Burton Ale, India Pale Ale, IPA, Otley Brewing, Roger Protz
0 thoughts on “Argh no! Otley and Protz in Burton Ale fail!”
2nd August 2011 at 6:40 am Reply
Have you sent him a copy of your book:)
2nd August 2011 at 11:39 am Reply
Dunno if he’s seen Amber Gold and Black, but the same info was in Beer: The Story of the Pint in 2003, which he reviewed, and in the original article I wrote in WB in 1998, and in numerous other pieces I’ve done on Burton Ale.
Sid Boggle
Camra were rude about Double Diamond. So Allied couldn’t call it Double Diamond Cask. So they called it Burton Ale. And Roger has revived it. I call that delicious irony.
Neil, eatingisntcheating
Have been in touch with Roger about this? He must be slapping his forehead with an audible ‘doh!’ right about now…
I’m really worried about this new Oxford University Press beer book that’s coming out. Hope they’ve sent you and Ron the full text to review and a big cheque each for editorial services. Otherwise, it’s going to have zero credibility.
Paul Arnold
K9P???
as in Dr Who K9??
Evan Rail
Good question: Martyn, are you contributing anything to the Oxford Companion to Beer?
I was, but subsequent to someone’s utterly disastrous ‘rewrite’ of my piece on bottled beers, I’m now not sure …
I understand what you’re saying, but is there really a true meaning of the label ‘Burton ale’? Isn’t this a bit like saying that Sarah Hughes’ Ruby Mild is far too old to be called ‘mild’ – or that these new-fangled India Pale Ales are far too hoppy to be called ‘ale’?
“Burton Ale” had, and has, a specific meaning as a style of beer, just like “porter” and “IPA”. And, indeed, as “mild” did, from at least the First World War onwards, though not in the 19th century. All beer styles are fuzzy round the edges, some very fuzzy, but not so much that if you try to recreate Double Diamond, you can call it a Burton Ale.
2nd August 2011 at 4:18 pm Reply
Point taken – and it’s not as if the mid-70s were a golden age of brewing history.
Maybe Otley could relaunch it as Double Diamond – the more mature gentleman would buy it in droves, if only out of curiosity.
Journo
5th August 2011 at 1:43 pm Reply
I’d always taken ‘mild’ to mean mild in flavour, with low hopping. colour and strength were irrelevant, although most mild beers became dark, and pale mild ended up being known as ‘Best’ Ale.
Ron Pattinson
6th August 2011 at 9:23 am Reply
Mild meant unaged, nothing more. With Mild, people nowadays think of Mild Ale, but there was Mild Porter and even Mild Bitter in the 19th century.
“or that these new-fangled India Pale Ales are far too hoppy to be called ‘ale’?”
A lot of things very wrong, crammed into one short sentance!
I was referring to the old (very old) distinction between hoppy ‘beer’ and un- or lightly-hopped ‘ale’. Usages change.
Hearty Goodfellow
I did wonder why Otley would have ‘gone for a Burton’, as it were. And it now appears they’ve done exactly that.
‘Slightly sweet and not too bitter’ hardly sounds like the Otley I know.
Your article explains much.
arcticalchemy
In my interviews and contributions to Roger’s new book about Arctic Ale , (Allsopp’s evil twin), I describe it to be close to the old Burton’s of years past, as they are likely similar in many ways including residual sweetness from alcohol and unfermentables, however not at all similar with a 20th century IPA . Admittedly, I have never had a Double Diamond, but to recreate an ale for revival purposes based on the wrong ale is disastrous , perhaps they should quickly disclose and re-brew, as there are several good recipes of Burton Ales about in Ron Pattinson’s blog , I have regularly brewed Burton’s for the past couple of years and they are really unique , desired and highly regarded by the public, not only would they (Otely and Roger) be accurate , but may have a wider appeal than just another IPA. This one they should rename to “PoorRoger” .
@arcticalchemy: or rename it O-blimey! Didn’t Young’s revive a Burton Beer before they headed out of Wandsworth? Was that any closer to a Burton beer? I remember it being so malty and sweet I could only manage a single pint. Came out about 6%…
Yes, that was Derek Prentice pulling something out of the brewing vaults at the Ram brewery, a lovely beer it was too, slightly stronger and a little paler than Young’s Winter Warmer, which itself is a true Burton Ale, but still using the “Young’s Special Mixture” of brewing sugars that WW uses, those brewing sugars being almost essential to give a proper Burton Ale its fruity character.
I remember the first time I had Young’s WW. It was marvellous, and nothing like anything I’d ever had before; I was surprised it was legal. If that’s Burton Ale, I’ll have two.
Style controversy aside, isn’t this “vanished classic” still being brewed by JW Lee’s? I had a pint of Ind Coope’s Burton Ale in Manchester just a couple of years ago.
2nd August 2011 at 12:46 pm Reply
There is some irony that Roger has recreate a beer that helped kill off Burton ale in the public mind an then slaps it with the same pedigree and history as an old Burton’s
Something you would expect of Beer Advocate or similar, but not when he is fully aware of fellow beer historians the likes of Ron, yourself and others
As a matter of history, I have no disputes. But one of the lessons of your book, Martyn, is that the meaning of styles evolves. Burtons are effectively dead. You have cited some “disguised” Burtons kicking around, but as you mention, by the 70s no one even knew what it was. It’s been in the grave over fifty years.
So now there’s a new beer called Burton. It’s not the ancient Baltic Burtons nor the later pre-IPA Burtons nor even the smaller 20th Century Burtons. But no doubt as the style evolved, people of the day said THOSE weren’t Burtons, either.
Since the style is commercially extinct, calling something “Burton” is a bit of a tabula rasa. Protz should get his facts straight, but if a new generation of beers called Burtons emerged that didn’t look like the extinct ones, eventually we’d have to contend with the fact that the style had yet again morphed.
Although, admittedly, a brewery would probably need to actually do something other than re-labeling an IPA “Burton.” That’s just confusing.
3rd August 2011 at 9:15 am Reply
Jeff, Burton isn’t extinct. Just sold under a different name. Picking a completely different style of beer and calling it Burton is inexcusable.
Like Martyn, I keep pointing out the difference between Burton Ale and Burton Pale Ale. I even saw Roger drink a Burton and explained to him what it was at the Fuller’s XX launch. Which is itself, of course, a Burton.
Talking of Fullers, I think they’re going to release a version of their OBE (Old Burton Extra) sometime soonish. And Kernel are going to brew Burton, too.
3rd August 2011 at 11:02 pm Reply
Indeed, and I have dutifully recorded them as Burtons in my mind (“disguised” is my locution). I guess I was just using the post to ride a favorite hobby horse of mine–that styles evolve, and it creates difficulty for those of us who have to switch back and forth between descriptive and prescriptive definitions.
I’ll dismount now.
Roger Protz has never been one for technical accuracy but as the best pint I ever drank was Ind Coope DBA I’m not too bothered, I just want to know where I can try the Otley version!
Gary Gillman
3rd August 2011 at 4:01 pm Reply
From a branding standpoint, it seems fair to me to call this new product a Burton Ale. First, Ind Coope established a practice, now some 35 years old, of using that term to describe what was apparently a draught bitter ale. You can argue that was not strictly accurate, but it is now a term long used in the market, and denotes to people who know the product an ale of its specific type (a very good one I might add).
Also, pale ale as made in Burton from the early part of the 1800’s far outweighed the importance of the older style of strong, sweet beer which was its original renown. So you can argue that the term, Burton Ale, expanded in meaning over the years. When the brave airmen had “gone for a Burton”, was it always old or strong Burton? Or was it sometimes a pale ale? I’d have to think the latter. (Just those terms, old and strong, suggest too to me that the term Burton Ale, unqualified, had another meaning in the market).
Further, didn’t some brewers in England use the term Burton Ale in the 1900’s to describe what was really a pale or mild ale, something not strong at all and not always sweet? I recall a discussion here a few years ago where names like McMullen, Rayments and some others were mentioned as having used the term to describe what appeared to me not to be the classic strong old Burton ale.
Some sources in the 1800’s used the term Burton ale or Burton’s beers to refer to all its productions. The older type of Burton ended by being called barley wine from what I can see, so its name in the market changed too. I mean, would anyone argue that porter after about 1800 should have been called “coloured pale ale”?
I certainly agree with and admire the historical work that has been done to elucidate the distinctions amongst Burton’s beers, but as for this particular commercial product being made in Wales, I think it’s fair enough to call it a Burton Ale.
They can call it what they like, Gary, as long as they don’t say it’s in the Burton Ale style, ‘cos it ain’t.
And those mythical airmen “gone for a Burton” would definitely have been going for the dark, sweet ale – that was the only meaning the phrase Burton Ale had back then (although some could be mold, some strong and some strong and old …)
My main point is that if it is called, as I understand, O-Roger Burton Ale on the label, I can’t see anything wrong with that. The accompanying bumph is something apart in my mind, it is not part of the brand – the label. People say all kinds of things about beer which can be open to question. But I must say too, in my mind, a pale ale is one of the styles of ales typed Burton, I can’t have any argument with that. As he has pointed out in an earlier article, there were 6 strengths of Bass at one time, all the way up to No. 1, the one now called a barley wine. It’s all Burton ale from the standpoint of the general market and a beer label (I would argue). Jackson viewed it similarly although I don’t doubt he would be very happy to have the further research you have referred to which we all benefit from.
As for the airmen. Looking further into this, it seems Burton may not even have meant a beer (see Eric Partridge who refers to an interesting theory about a Burton tailor). But the term Burton ale in normal discourse clearly often meant the pale ale. Here you see a very early use of the term to mean the same thing as pale ale/bitter beer (right column, about 1/4 down):
http://books.google.com/books?id=_EEhAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332&dq=Indian+Beer+Burton+Ale+Britannica&hl=en&ei=ML85To6bEMHl0QGTs8DuAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=o
Clearly this is usage by ordinary literate people, not beer experts, but that is what we are talking about.
It must have been much more so 100 years later.
I seem to remember a right old furore when Allied Breweries (they of the OG1036 badge-engineered bitter) Ind Coope Burton Ale won Champion Beer of Britain, knocking Taylor’s Landlord into second place. A lot of accusations of skulduggery were made at the time.
The beer was well respected in Burton on Trent but was never called Burton Ale. It was always refered to by everyone as DBA, which is what I still call it, although you cannot get it in Burton any more. The late 70’s were good drinking times in Burton. Bass still on the Union, Pedi cleaned up by Bailey, and DBA. Happy days.
Nick Wroughton
21st August 2013 at 5:33 pm Reply
You could try walking into the Roebuck and looking at the pump farthest from the entrance door.It now weighs in at 4.5% ABV though!.
Interesting that in Burton itself the beer was called DBA, for Draught Burton Ale. This was clearly the full name conferred by the brewery in ’76. In London where I drank it, to my best recollection, it was called simply on the pump clip, Ind Coope Burton Ale, using the same design as on the beer mat Martyn reproduced adjacent to his article.
It had (just to talk about that beer for a bit) an appealing nose and flavour, akin to fresh plums is the only way I can put it, and was on the sweet side. We got until a few years ago bottled Double Diamond in Quebec – and perhaps it is still imported there – but I never saw any real resemblance between the two. I wonder if way back in the 70’s, someone who knew the real history of (the true) Burton Ale decided to confer some of its attributes on the new Burton Ale. Presumably not, from what everyone including Roger P has written, but I’d like to think it is possible.
I drank it circa-1980 at the Coach and Horses, Greek Street, Soho, “Norman’s Place” some called it for Norman Balen, the owner. I wonder if he is still living. The pub carries on much as in the past.
Happy days indeed those were! A visitor to London then with more than a casual interest in fine beer might start to think around 5:00 p.m., “a pint of Burton would go down well in this rain, but better get a fresh pack of Lambert & Butler’s first, and for a follow-up, a Director’s might be right, or maybe Courage’s Best Bitter, as fruity but less heavy, and you know, an emergency nip of Russian Stout or Whitbread’s Gold Label will help before that long Shavian zinger coming up for the evening”.
Those were the days, especially when the pound was … about as inexpensive for the North American visitor as it is now!
Christian Scheffel
10th August 2011 at 6:39 pm Reply
Ron and Martyn: Would it be interesting to put together a sort of public domain proto-type Burton Ale to help revive something more historically correct? Something simplified with one or two malts and one sugar maybe? Rather than one specific historical recreation, it could be a proxy of several.
I would be very interested in promoting it to Danish home brewers and pros, I’m sure you could get it in CAMRA’s Beer magazine, and you’d have something handy for interested British brewers as a starting point.
For all my love of golden ales and IPAs, I love a sweet, fruity, malty British strong ale, and Fullers XX was a revelation.
I’ve published several Burton recipes in my blog.
http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2011/04/lets-brew-wednesday-1934-kidd-xxx.html
http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2011/03/lets-brew-wednesday-1942-barclay.html
http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2009/07/lets-brew-wednesday-1877-whitbread-kkk.html
http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2010/06/lets-brew-wednesday-fullers-obe.html
As I was just reading Hitchcock’s directions for this, which I find detailed and easy to adapt to a smaller scale, I’ll put it in here:
http://books.google.com/books?id=3JP3mCj-5EYC&pg=PA40&dq=Burton+Ale&hl=en&ei=IN1CTs3GMeivsQKnprXOCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Burton
24th August 2011 at 9:16 am Reply
Martyn,
Just a couple of things:
1) Got a copy of your book as a present from my sister a while back – an excellent read, thoroughly enjoyed it and still dipping into it every now and again!
2) Thanks also for the heads-up on Ind Coope Burton Ale still being brewed by Lees. Whilst not a true Burton, it used to be one of my favourite bitters a while ago but just gets harder and harder to find and haven’t sampled it for some time (a far cry from its medal-winning, widely-sold heyday). Relieved to see it continues to defy Carlsberg-Tetley’s attempts to kill it off, must track it down in the near future.
Patrick M. Maley
13th September 2011 at 9:45 pm Reply
After reading an in-depth description in Zymurgy Magazine about the 18th Century style Burton Ale that was so popular in Russia and The Baltic States, I thought to myself, “I gotta get mee some of dis stuff!”. In today’s modern world of High IBU’s, Super IBU’s and Ultra-Mega Brain Piercing IBU Pale Ales….YUCK! Who can drink that stuff? Nothing seems more pleasing, to me, than the beautifully described Sweet, Malty and Almost “Sticky’ original Burton Ale. Where is the recipe for this? Where can I find it to scale down for my homebrewing system? It’s time to resurrect this fabulous & ancient style of brewing. Looking forward to your response. (sorry, for the accent…itz that american english that always gives me away…)
— Patrick Maley
(originally from Detroit, then in New York and now in Northern California!)
Milenko Sudar
I remember drinking Ind Coope Burton Ale years ago. Whatever its history I thought it was lovely stuff. Many a pint was drunk as I filled in the stamps on my Ind Coope beer passport. If its still around where can I get some
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Windows Keyboard Shortcuts
Application Shortcut Keys
The Start menu
The Windows key
Windows key+R: Run / Suspicious calls to “fix Windows”
August 3, 2007 estephen 350 Comments
The “Run” dialog box from the Windows Start menu is a handy way to open an application or document. Usually you would select it from the Start menu, but a shortcut is to press the Windows key and R.
Once you’ve got the Run dialog box open, you can type in the name of a program and then Enter. Here are some popular ones:
cmd: Command prompt for running DOS-style commands
notepad: The Notepad app
sol: Solitaire
winword: Microsoft Word
calc: the Calculator
You can also open directories by pressing Win+R, then typing the directory name (such as C:\TEMP) and pressing Enter.
More recent versions of Windows also let you type in a URL, such as www.google.com, and it will open in a browser automatically.
EDIT FOR FEB, 2012: Megan asked in the comments how you know what to type. There is not an easy way, because there’s no definitive list. What happens is that Windows will look through a list of directories (known as your “path“) for an application (that is, a program file ending in .com or .exe) that matches the name you typed. If you view the properties of the shortcuts, you can find the program name. If you look in your Microsoft Office folder (such as C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14) you will see Applications, such as POWERPNT.EXE. So then you know what to type next time.
EDIT FOR JUNE, 2013: From the comments below, a lot of you are getting suspicious calls telling you to run various commands using the Win+R key. As a rule of thumb, even if the command is safe, NO ONE FROM A COMPANY CALLED “WINDOWS” WILL EVER CALL YOU ABOUT A VIRUS. Just hang up on them and ignore the call. Most likely the caller is a scam artist who will try to convince you that your computer has a virus or is otherwise doing bad things, and then magically they happen to know this information somehow, and also magically they happen to be able to sell you a solution. You should never trust people who cold-call you with such information. Instead, get someone you trust to check out your computer.
Good practices:
Never trust anything that is being told to you over the phone/email from someone contacting you about your computer.
Never run commands that you don’t know 100% what they do (especially if a stranger is telling you to run them).
Never give your credit card over the phone to any stranger who called you.
EDIT FOR JAN 2015: It’s amazing to me how long this scam has been running and how many comments this post gets. I stand by the advice of just hanging up, or saying “please remove me from your list and don’t call me again” and then hang up.
EDIT FOR SEP 2019: It’s still going! Wow.
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350 thoughts on “Windows key+R: Run / Suspicious calls to “fix Windows””
biljana maksimovic says:
at 12:00 shut down – s
1/28/2016 — Had many of these calls several years ago and two again this New Year. Must be in full force and profitable if they are continuing or reviving the practice. I ask the caller to consider their ethics and then I hang up.
I JUST got a cold call like this and had NEVER heard of this scam before however……I’m a fairly intelligent person and I KNEW he was a scammer it didn’t make any sense. And I was not going to TOUCH my computer for him. I figured something having to do with the bios or even maybe wiping the hard drive. Irregardless I guess this scam is still going strong! Hang up!
AwesomeGamer says:
Me too last week but they told me to go to there website.They gave me the wrong address. When I found the website it was already blocked for scamming and stealing info. This is an extension for Firefox called WOT,I also have McAfee, and Avg, They told me to disable my antivirus. Yea, from New York
Sebasthin says:
You are not suppose to run 2 virus programs at the same time, because they can collide.. some virus and some anti-malware programs can you use at the same time, and more and more they telling you If you have more then one and that they want you to remove it.
i just got this scam same “fix your windows” SCAM from a caller showing Redlands, Ca, phone number 909-894-5456. I didn’t trust him (a foreigner I could hardly understand), so I hung up and then didn’t pick up when he kept calling back.
Just had some characters pawning themselves off as Microsoft, telling me my PC had a virus, and trying to get me to use Windows+R . I kept telling them that we could walk through the steps before I actually did it, but when they would not do that I hung up the phone. The phone number was 313 031 7667, which turns out to be bogus.
Maz says:
“Irregardless” is not a word.
Check your sources. It is now considered an acceptable alternate usage. You’re welcome.
Hanz says:
You are a pedant.
John B says:
regardless is correct.
Jim Dire says:
According to Merriam-Webster, “irregardless” is a word simply because people use it, but it is characterized as “substandard” and M-W cautions that people who use it run the risk of others thinking they are uneducated.
Irregardless IS a word
Aaton says:
It is a word, means regardless
Yes it is you just used it, it just a gramatically incorrect word
Ming says:
Really? On this site where people are needing help? Come on, people do not need correcting at this point. Give it a rest.
Charls says:
I just got a call From Ontario, Canada and the guy said he was from the Windows Server Center. He told me my computer had viruses and was running slow. He wanted me to press the Windows key and the letter R. Little did he know that I went to school for Computer Programming and he wasn’t getting one over on me!!
I received a similar call claiming to be from Microsoft (caller ID 844-840-3085) and saying my PC serial number was connected to a report they received from my computer saying my computer had been “compromised” with viruses. They also told me to hold the windows key while pressing the letter “R”.
However, Microsoft does not make such outgoing calls unless as a response to an issue previously called into them. My caller said his name was Dean and his direct number was (844) 738-8077.
Just so happens that irregardless IS A WORD, an adverb.
Mac2 says:
Yes, ‘Irregardless’ Is a Word | HuffPost
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathon…/yes-irregardless-is-a-wor_b_4434749.ht…
Dec 13, 2013 – It’s telling that of the Oxford English Dictionary’s eight citations of the word, two merely cite the word in other dictionaries, three more are mentions or citations in linguistics or literary journals, and one more appears to be using the word ironically. … So yes, irregardless is a word, even though it’s nonstandard.
Patrick Henry says:
yes it is a word.
doghouse says:
Isn’t it unregardless or nonregardless instead?
I jest.
the Prof says:
iT IS A WORD BUT IT MEANS THE SAME AS “REGARDLESS.” sorry about the caps.
https://www.google.ca/search?q=irregardless&rlz=1C5CHFA_enCA772CA772&oq=irr&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j69i59j0l3.1167j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Webster says:
irregardless
[ˌirəˈɡärdləs]
non-standard
Is irregardless a word?: Usage Guide
Irregardless was popularized in dialectal American speech in the early 20th century. Its increasingly widespread spoken use called it to the attention of usage commentators as early as 1927. The most frequently repeated remark about it is that “there is no such word.” There is such a word, however. It is still used primarily in speech, although it can be found from time to time in edited prose. Its reputation has not risen over the years, and it is still a long way from general acceptance. Use regardless instead.
taz says:
Yes it is. Look it up.
LOL……Just had one of these calls ( from ” Talk Talk “)……..kept him on the phone for twenty minutes !!………then I just hung up !!
Just this second had a call. Pretended computer in attic climbing three flights of stairs, then PC takes five minutes to load plus lots of sorry don’t understand you (which I didn’t) generally wasted his time. Got passed to three engineers!! You could sense their excitement.!! Finally told him that a message was now on PC saying “fu#& off and stop wasting my time. What are they after is it bank passwords etc? PS I haven’t got a PC at the mo, only phone
Ditto…it was fun! Fortuntely I have an Indian buddy so use to the accent!
I feel absolutely sick, just happened to me, said they were from talktalk, i believed them, as i have had probs with my computer, so that is why. I wished to god i hadnt, They were on the phone for 2hours, it got bad when they started asking about my paypal accounts, I told them it was secure n sum how they got my card details?? I noticed my computer was working on its own, i have had to cancel my bank cards, eventually they hung up on me
That’s what I did too. They are such fools!
Yep I knew it was a scam the first time but I decided to not get angry but just have some fun instead. I wasn’t even close to my computer but told her I was. She says “Press down the Windows key and R at the same time and tell me what you see. I took a few seconds (as if I were actually doing it). Then I answered “Wow! it is a big yellow caution sign saying that some moron is trying to scam you while claiming to be with Microsoft Windows!!” Silence….Dead cold silence….LMBO
Same here tonight. I must tell you I called him a fing ass@Ole! Then hung up. This was I was passed from manager to Manger. Already know it was a scam so led them along. Do you know he called me right back and told me it’s against the law to curse on the phone. I said not as illegal to scam People!
I am in the process of reporting them to Verizon, because all the #same they call from are verizon issued.
jfrave says:
Nice one Theresa. I just blow a loud whistle down the line.
i kept putting them off and they were very persistent in calling me back. eventually, I got bumped up to a sr. tech. I was able to get him, Don Rex Rod to give me his personal bank account information from Wells Fargo.
I love this! They just called me, and I told them that I was at work, and I am not messing with their computer. I will do it when I get home, and then I Googled what Windows + R means. It sounded like a scam. It was an email address that I don’t really use anyway.
Second sentence not congruent with your use of “irregardless”…
I realize this is a really old post, and I hesitate to seem rude but @Andrea, if you profess to be a fairly intelligent person, you should very strongly consider not using the word “irregardless.”
jerry pribulaj says:
I had this Indian sounding guy try to get me to hit win and R key, I thought it was a scam and did not do it. They sound very convincing. DON’T DO IT!
I just had this a**hat call me. So I pretended to be worried, said I was doing as he asked but nothing came up. He asked me to do it again I said I did but nothing came up. He said then you have a virus. “Oh no, what should I do” He said you will have to pay $500 by VISA. I told him to hold on so I could get the card but he hung up. So sad. Just when I was having fun
Tony Chitdamrong says:
Oh yes. This is also what I do. While he was waiting, I put the phone near a radio and go make a cup of coffee.
They just called me about 20 minutes ago, and I asked for their names, and I got the name of Derek, David, and Joe Johanson. They refused to tell me what the “Error code” I supposedly got was. Their number always comes up as either Unknown, or Private for me.
I also had this same type of Indian sounding guy to hit window and R button. He said his name is Pieter William (wat an indian name) and he is from Microsoft technical support team! calling from Florida (i checked the time 05:30 there in the morning ) So I hanged up. Don’t and never trust this fucking, son of bitch people!!!
Mike smith says:
Just had an indian accent guy named peter who called from dell saying they couldn’t send updates. Wanted me to hit windows ‘Run” with some program. I asked for a call back number and he hung up.
sara m mclaurin says:
i had a similar call tonight on my home phone and one last Friday on my cell phone. Wanted me to press the windows button and “r” at the same time because my Dell computer is “sending out notifications to Dell that there are malicious ‘incriptions” on it [my computer]… and all Dells are connected to 1 data base [which is how he knows what is going on with my computer]… and “my IP address is open and someone else is accessing my IP”. wow.
Mar 23 2017. just had that same interaction. Some kinda window froze my pc, but my defender program took over and got me through.
Carole Romeo says:
I just received a call like this today, with the caller telling me to press Ctrl R and I would see how hackers are trying to get into my computer (hackers like themselves). I’m sorry I didn’t copy down the number they were calling from ; it appeared on my television screen but it didn’t stay on for long. They sounded as if they were from Asia and told me I had to purchase a protection plan. I told them I already had one.
Just had the same thing… tried to get them to explain what that would do, and what the next steps would be, but it was clearly bogus.. hung up on the dirtbags…
Scam still running. I was ohoned up by an Indian guy today and he said he was from British Telecom and that I had “people” hacking my e mails and the only cure was to press CTRL Win and R. Rather ammusing as my phone service isnt provided by BT. I did the usual and kept him talking for 20 mins or so to stop him taking advantage of anyone else for that time. I ghot passed to a “floor manager” eventually and accused him of being aFing scam artist. He hung up on me. Please colleagues avoid giving me advice on my linguistics or oarataxis – youll have to forgive me but Im working class
potcrotch911 says:
i am not impressed with computers, id rather play card games, maybe break some peewee marbles with a good toebreaker cats eye instead of cultures with my lame ass online computer
I just got a call today about the same thing. I talked to the guy for 5 minutes to prevent him from scamming anyone else (at least for a little while) before he started getting impatient with me and I had to get him to take me off the list. The number came up on my phone as invalid, 965-843-5354. He said he worked for “windows” when I asked if he meant Microsoft he said yes, that one. lolz
Blanche Fedor says:
I got the call today-knew it was a scam and played him for as long as I could asking how they my computer was talking to them, how were they messaging me because I wasn’t getting any messages-told him I was getting messages through messanger from my friends. Finally told him goodbye when he kept insisting I press the control r key
I’ve had 4 calls on this in the last 24 hours. When asked they would provide me a phony employee ID and even the supposed license key for my microsoft laptop. The trick is, I don’t own a windows system. I’ve been Apple only for several years now. I spent 5 minutes trying to get the last caller to understand I didn’t have a windows laptop for him to hack. Just hang up, not worth the time arguing with a brick wall and a script.
they just called my work phone stating my windows PC had a virus and to perform these steps. UN-luckily for him, i work in an IT department, and i work off a Macbook Pro, NOT a Windows machine.
obviously the call was immediately suspicious, but i led him on for a few minutes just to waste his time like he wasted mine. the best part was after he told me repeatedly to press the windows and R button at the same time…i waited about 3 minutes, played stupid, then broke the news to him that i work off a MACBOOK PRO and i work in an IT department and i knew he was full of SHt. NEVER trust ANYTHING or ANYONE who calls and asks you to do something like this. TOTAL scam. these scumbags…how can they sleep knowing they screw innocent people over. unbelievable.
In europe they keep making these calls. I kept the folks going trying to explain there are no keys on the bottom of my keyboard, neither on the left side. When I said nothing happened when i finally pressed the windows + R key they passed me to the Senior Technical Engineer who explained I should be typing google. I reverted that there are no keys on the bottom of my keyboard so how could I type google. After playing dummy for some more I had a huge argument that the computer was not owned by me and that it was owned by my company. That took a long time as well…hilarious. I really look forward to the next Indian calling me. He then advised me to type eamviewer in the google search bar. He definitely forgot the letter T. So off course google finds teamviewer. I then suggested that I would discuss this in my team with my boss as the computer is not owned by me. Long silence. He then said that my boss should not know how to fix the unsecure issue of the internet. Then we had a discussion that its indeed not safe but if you dont buckle up in your car its not safe to drive. Again that was at least another 10 minutes of fun. I then suggested that my boss could discuss the situation maybe with his boss with the name of Mr. Gates. He kept telling me this was not wise. I asked if he knew who mr Gates was. Long silence. When he figured it out he hung up.
Mad that this is still not under control in India. This has been going on since 2011 if I read the earlier posts. They apparently know where these boys and girls call from, why not shut the pbx dow for the originating call or whatever???
Tag says:
I tied this guy up for 10 minutes when he called my cell. I was waiting in traffic and told him I was on my computer. When he told me to hit win r I told him my mouse stopped working and harassed the sh_t out of him, asked for and got his “supervisor”, and harassed him too. It was all I could not to laugh out loud at these mental midgets.
I just received the call and googled and found this scam. it’s 5 pm in Arizona and this guy was obviously from India. I strung him along and then hung up on him. He promptly called me back this time the caller ID said Quebec Canada. I played along a little longer and then said I’d have to do it later and hung up again. I wasn’t sitting in traffic, so not as patient at Tag Bad people make me mad.
I have done something similar and kept him tied up for almost 30 min. My latest was to tell him to call another number which I gave him (the Va State Police #)because my wife had the computer in another house. The computer was off of course. Waste his time, confuse him, curse him, lie to him, etc.
don’t trust your friends / they are dumb / trust your love / don’t do drugs / eat healthy
C Dion says:
James Osika-Michales This is the information on the person that just called me and tried to get me to push the windows+r keys I have reported the number.
James’s Unique Business Service
4411 Vinegar Hill Road
Skaneateles, NY 13152 – View Map
Own This Business?
A privately held company in Skaneateles, NY. Is this your business? Claim This Profile
More Details for James’s Unique Business Service
Categorized under Services (Unclassified). Our records show it was established in 2004 and incorporated in New York. Current estimates show this company has an annual revenue of 50000 and employs a staff of approximately 1.
Is this your business? Claim This Profile
James Osika-Michales
Fendel bogoli says:
I received one today, 206-454-7687 Indians dialect, I had her on phone for a good ten minutes, telling her I was confused about all windows, I have STORM WINDOWS because it is cold where I live, she kept asking what was on my screen after she told me to hit cntl R both at same time, which I never did, in fact my computer wasn’t even on.
Tammy M Sargent says:
So glad that you guys had this posted when I just received the phone call stating that there was something wrong with my computer I kind of figured it was a scam how would anybody know if my computer is broken then they stated my email address but it was one I use years ago so I knew it must have been a scam so as they were telling me what to do I looked up Windows key + r and got this information thanks a bunch I probably would have hurt my computer and had to pay to get it fixed
Seun Adebunmi says:
A guy called me using +18448077555, he said he was calling me in regards to my Microsoft windows’ account. Knowing I have a MacBook, I decided to play along. He told me to open my computer and hold down the windows key and r and I should type http://www.9211.info and I should read the info I see on my screen to him. I played along for a while before telling him I know it is a scam that he should give his heart to Jesus. He then told me to speak English; mistake 1. I am a native English speaker and mind you he was speaking to someone else at the other end in another language. Then I was like, I should be saying that to you because I once told him to enunciate better cos he was mumbling at some point. He then asked if I was from China or I was Spanish, I then clearly told him I am from neither but He should fix his life and get himself together. Long story short, he ended the call on me.
Jim Cook says:
I just received this scam call from 371-340-0825 at 3:45 PM on August 9, 2017. Said he was from Microsoft and I had serious problems with Windows. He called back three times in a row.
Yuli B says:
I just got one too. Phone number is 516-203-5981, out of New York I guess, he said his name was David. Apparently something was wrong with the “internal securities” on my computer. He woke me up so he kind of caught me off guard at first:) The timing of these people with me… lol. I am in a process of exchanging some damaged hardware for one of our clusters at work, had another server recently compromised and my personal laptop harddrive failed and they sent me replacement, so silly me, I was trying to figure out which of the above issues he was calling about. He kept rubbing those internal securities though:) Had fun with him for good 5 min after I realized he wasn’t gonna solve my real problems
Thanks for posting this. It is Sept. 6, 2017 and i just got the same call from a guy with an Indian accent from “Windows Tech Support” who said he worked for Microsoft. Said his number was 844/308-3439; caller ID showed 844/809-3436. He asked me to do the same thing. How can we report these guys so they can be prosecuted or at least stopped? How did they get my cell phone number?
Phillipa says:
I rang BT after such a call. They put me on a protected call scheme so that this and any other numbers scammers use in fuure can be blocked.
Megan Tran says:
How do you know what commands to type into the box? For example, “winword” is Microsoft Word, but what about Microsoft Powerpoint? What if you wanted to open other applications? Is there a way to check what the command is?
Wolf says:
What If you get a strange call saying “My server has detected a virus on your computer. Don’t use your internet” then they tell you to press the windows key plus r and then type in cookies? Is that suspicious?
Linda Giles says:
how did you get rid of it ?
waited 3 years it cleared up with time and cookie foil
Rickie says:
Yes, September 2016 and they still doing it!!
Interesting new twists but still same….interested in how they detected my windows software on my ipad. Keep wanting me to hot Windows plus R……DIDNT TELL THEM I HAVE HAD APPLE PRODUCTS SINCE SYMANTEC FAILED US SEVERAL YEARS AGO ?…..they had wrong Protection package as well.
estephen says:
Yeah, that’s suspicious. I don’t know what the “cookies” program would do, but Win+R is the Run command. Cookies doesn’t do anything on my system, though.
Dave In Arizona says:
Received a call from someone with a heavy Indian accent claiming to be from Microsoft in New York; he indicated their system had detected a virus on my system. He called to help me remove said virus. The first step, he said, was to press the WinKey+R to open a window showing all the infected files. Beware of such calls.
I had same call about them detecting virus on my PC, with heavy Indian accent. First call I hung up, then she called back so I questioned her about accessing my pc ( in my case pc’s not that she knew) and the legitimacy of the company calling. I was given a website universal pc bla bla bla. Then she was a little agitated, said goodbye and hung up. Watch out for these fuckers, the do a start+R and some shit, I didn’t do it and advise you not to either.
I had a call from a guy with an Indian accent. He told me to do Windows + R
I just kept saying yes. Dude kept calling me mom lol.
I just had the exact same thing. He keeps saying that he is from Windows, and that my license is invalid and someone is trying to hack my pc.
ibrahim says:
what did he say, he said the same thing to me, i forgot the words he said, windows+r+(some words)…if u guys remember can you tell me
i had someone call telling me to hit windows R and they had an indian accent, I’m glad they called because my version of windows was running wide open and after I ran some txt files that did some stuff disappeared I don’t have to worry about my computer being hacked, it defiantly is hacked, and I’m LOVING IT.
Windows key and hold r and g
jonathon says:
just had a call and he asked my hit windows and r then asked me to type a word that began with F but i couldnt understand fully and then also the word charlie but was on a private number so i hung up and then they rung once or twice more and now stopped but they said some hackers had hacked into my computer and where DOING BAD THINGS.
Just happened here….hung up
I got the window + R key call from a man with a Indian accent…I did it BUT did not type the word I was given (eventvw)..Help…am I at any risk?? thanks.
Just had the indian guy calling me asking me also about to do a RUN on my computer. He went as far as giving me a name of his supervisor gary wilson calling from california about error reports on windows gave me a phone number 209-813-2727 and a supposedly mine windows ID. All went to hell when I asked how he got my phone number since it’s not attached to any of my computers and that I was not sure which computer he wanted me to look at. Heavy accent almost impossible to understand. They did try hard though…LOL…
that command is an event viewer and since you did not type anything you are fine
I open my browser and as soon as I type anything in it says to call this # ….
Obviously I know something is up with this but I can’t close it out, I click OK and it pops back up! These lowlife people need to get a real job!!
Same thing happened to me today. My pc had a huge full screen pop up prompted me to call the 800 number for Microsoft. Indian guy tells me to press windows r and type something in. I get suspicious & hang up. Terrible scam
Don’t call that #, it’s a scam #. To get rid of that notice simply press Cntrl, Alt and Delete at the same time. Log out of your computer-shut down and the restart. It should be gone.
Hafizah says:
Hey thanks for the sharing. Unlucky me got dumped with this. So once i pressed Cntrl, Alt and Delete at the same time, and shut down and restart, my laptop shud have disconnected from the scammer is it? And i willthen be fully safe by then right? Or shudi still format my laptop or else? Hope toget reply for this a.s.a.p since i am the current victim. Jz happened to me 2 days ago
ashna says:
recieved the same call and i typed some words am i on risk please help!!
what should i do know thanks
Happened to me too, just today. I went along with the Indian guy to amuse my self haha then I yelled at him for a couple minutes and click. I have been getting at least 5 calls a day from freaking India its getting annoying already.
Just got a called from a guy with an indian accent also, I asked him how he knew my computer was infected and he said because my IP number is connected to my phone number and that’s how they know. I let him continue to tell me that they have detected a virus on my windows software program and that they were there to help me. he asked me to press winkey and R at the same time. At this point I tell him that I have a MAC and he hung up immediately. A friend told me that she asked the guy to tell her, what her IP number was. He told her that it was confidential and she said “but you just told me it was my IP number how can’t you tell me what it is? The guy hung up the phone.
Same story – press Windows Ky and R. There was lots of background noise with many calls be made. I asked how they could prove they were from microsoft? “Press the keys and you will see all the viruses affecting your computer and then you will know” – I don’t think so.
jimmy tran says:
whats window’s key ?
It is the windows flag looking key next to ALT usually on the lower left of the keyboard.
george kintinkawe says:
why is it that my computer is showing at risk
Ron Young says:
Got the call today 5/20/13 heavy asian accent female. Said to press Windows key + R. Then type in “INF Virus Folder”. I said I did not believe they were from Microsoft. They hung up on me. What would that have done to my computer? Would Norton Internet Security have protected me?
just received a call from some guy telling me I have a virus and to hit the windows and r key said ok I am not stupid and that he would be hacking my computer and boy did he go off on me and used language that no man should ever say i put him on speaker so my husband could hear him with that my husband said oh yeah and he became nastier to my husband using the same remarks
Rita Fox says:
I got the same call here. I did to him what I do to all of the guys who call to tell me I’ve won Millions of dollars plus a baby blue Lexus. I play stupid. My windows are crashing? They look fine to me. Press the window key. Your silly, windows don’t have keys. They slide. I get them so flustered it’s hilarious.
I just received the call as well. I played along for a while. It was kind of fun to mess with them. He said, “take one finger and press the windows key and take the other finger and press R”. I said, “I’ll take my finger and do that if he takes his finger at the same time and sticks it up his ass.” Then I told him to go EFF himself. He hung up. oh… what fun!
1107 says:
wheres the answers?
What are the questions?
I received this same call today, but did do the windows + r, then entered eventvw, did put in my email address, then eventually hung up. Can I erase anything now that may have been exposed, or should I take my computer down to local computer store so they can erase anything to prevent hacking?
Barb Foster says:
I have had the same and I too hit the windows key and r, got the run diag box then typed in ‘eventvwr’ It showed all the at risk entries on my computer. Did your computer suffer from this input? I am fearful I have introduced a virus.
Got a call just now – very noisy, very Indian, name – Jamas William and his phone number is 00242423701522. He told me he was from Microsoft and it was their obligation to let me know that somehow I had downloaded spyware and malware from the Internet. When he told me to hold the Windows key and R I guessed something was up … put him on speaker while I did a search and found out on Microsoft that this is a common scam. Thanked him and hung up. He was very convincing so to all who did what you were told, don’t feel bad about being caught in this web.
jagga says:
Just got the same call. played along with the guy for 10 minutes. He had and Indian accent. I got him to spell his name which apparently was “John Davison”… I don’t think so, haha. Said he was from Windows at the Sydney (Australia) site so I asked for him number which he said was 9252678747. This is clearly not a Sydney number so I questioned it, then he said that was the global number from California USA. When he finally cottoned on that I was not doing what he asked, he said “do you want me to spell ‘fuck’ for you”. Made me laugh. He eventually hung up. LOL
Just got a call from “Brad” who said he was in Clifton, New York and had a very heavy Indian accent. Same as above, press windows key and R and tell him what it says. I asked what train stop he gets off to get to work. He read me the address from the website onlinecomputerexpert.com and wanted to put me through to his supervisor. Check the website and spelling errors (remort support). He told me he would tell me my licensing number as well. So annoying!
Happend at my job today Heavy indian accent calling from “the New York City” lmfao it was funny cause the whole office got into messing with these people we kept putting him on hold so another person could pick up it was really funny screw those people!! at the end my Boss blew a horn into the phone and hung up ha they havn’t called back since
I had a call from a man with a strong Indian/American accent, I kept him on the line for ages delaying him to annoy him. I said I was doing what he asked on my computer, until the point when he said what is showing on your screen, I said Ummmm it says F..K OFF…. he said no it doesn’t mam it says Suckl my C..k and abused him and hung up!! Why can’t someone put a stop to these pests
Too smart for them says:
BEWARE OF THESE PEOPLE!!!! I got all the same as many posts. They actually called twice when the first time I claimed I could not understand them. Heavy accented Indian man calling from Premium Support Technology or something close to that in California. Claiming to be authorized by windows. Same story, infected computer blah, blah, blah. I asked a bunch of questions as I tried to quickly research them. They wanted me to do the window+R. I finally asked if they thought I was stupid. That I would just do as they say so they could hack into my computer. I do not know them, do they really think I would just trust a stranger calling. To which he said “YOU ARE A F**KING STUPID GIRL” and hung up on me. I wish someone would track them down and put a stop to this online harassing.
Same call happened to me today. I played along and finally said “do you think I’m stupid” to which he replied yes! I then let rip at the nasty little…….Indian.
Just got off the phone with some guy telling me the same as everyone else has heard. Told him NOTHING. Finally I ask him to give me his phone number where I could reach him and that was the end of the conversation. Microsoft aught to be checking these guys out because they are using them to try to get into our computers.
tony Gillott says:
Had the call from a heavily accented Asian lady who asked if my computer was switched on, I said ‘Yes’. She then, in a very long winded way, tried to persuade me to press WinR, I said that it was impossible, it wasn’t until 20 minutes later I told her that although my computer was switched on, I was in fact 15 miles away driving my car. LOL
omer khan shaheen says:
Which company’s services for land line or mobile phones/internet are you guys using? Because i had these calls last week and am wondering how did they get hold of my phone number? It seems like a systematic flaw or a systematic fraud with possibility of a rat inside?
Majarahja says:
Got the same call, reported to Microsoft. They gave me a number which surprisingly did call them back. 1-800-347-9066 . They are Indians who speak bad English.
This just happened to me today. They gave me 925-300-1132. I did not call them back.
That is a Concord California number.
I think numbers are called at random. EVERYONE has a computer today and chances are they get someone with every call.
Just had the same call from an unavailable number. Told him I wanted him to speak to my IT department at which point he lost interest.
Presume they’re just trying to sell their services?
It’s crazy to me how many people are getting these calls still. This has been going on for a long time.
Pingback: Windows Key and R Scam Warning
LOL. I just had a call. Had one about a month ago and kept them on the ph for ages. They only gave up when I asked was it a record to keep them on the phone for their bullshit call for half an hour.
Tonight I acted dumb. “No I cant see the key next to CTRL as it’s dark and I don’t have my glasses on. Oh, not my tablet. OK Yes I do have a PC.” Then she started talking real slow like I was a complete idiot. Said turn on my PC and I asked which one as I had 4. She said doesn’t matter they all have malicious software on them. OMG I said, then asked her for her ph number. She said she was not giving me her ph number so then I said real slow…it doesn’t matter. We have been on the phone long enough for your call to be traced and I will now call…….beep, beep, beep…call gone LOL
I just received the same call from an “unavailable” number and a guy was a very think Indian accent from “24/7 ITEC Solution” said that my computer was infected and sending their company error messages and that it was about to “crash at any moment”. He then said the normal, is my computer on, am I in front of it, hit WIN+R, etc. when I asked him how I had a relationship with his company, he said that when I bought my computer I’d entered into a contract with his company. I said “Right, because I have an open-ended contract with your company that’s cost me nothing for 5+ years and I have no records of.” Being at work at the time and not wanting to fool with this nonsense, I decided to just jet him know the jig is up – I have my own IT department, this is a scam, and the call is being recorded. Oddly enough, he immediately hung up.
Some things never change – the sun goes up, the sun goes down, and the evil will try to prey on the weak. Internet 101: If you didn’t contact them, they’re not legit, and if you don’t know exactly what you’re doing, DON’T DO IT.
Maria Welch says:
I got the call from a guy with a thick Indian accent (1-877-253-2008 if you call back it is not in service) telling me to hit the Microsoft button and R and there would be all these terrible viruses. I hung up on him. They already have your name, address, and phone number. Watch out!
Same call, this time the Indian accented guy said he was calling from London. I kept him talking for a while, but when he asked me to press WIN and R, I put the phone on the desk and left him talking. When he eventually realised I wasn’t listening he rang off and rang back, so I picked up the call, but again didn’t bother to listen. He gave up after that
We had a call this evening from an Indian guy who said our computer was being accessed from several remote locations and that we were responsible for anything they did. He asked us to press Windows R and said he would give us more instructions.. He gave us a phony IP address in an attempt to prove he was genuine that didn’t match our real IP address. He said he was from a company called ‘Digital Network Services’ that was based in the USA. He spent 45 minutes on the phone trying to convince us that he was genuine until we asked him whether he would like our bank account numbers and pin access now so that he could empty our accounts. At this point he guessed we were on to him and hung up the phone
on Jan. 17, also got a call from a “Microsoft tech” with a heavy Indian accent, so heavy I had to have him keep repeating…He wanted me to press the flag key and the R and when I doubted he was from Microsoft and how would I know, etc. and just kept dragging my feet…He said, “Why don’t you go into the bathroom and F*** yourself with a carrot” I could understand every word of that!!! It made me laugh and I hung up.
I just got the call 15 minutes ago. When the Indian guy said i had malware i told him hold on i am going to run my trend micro platinum protection. When it completed I said nope your wrong i am perfectly protected. by the way your all over the web i found a site (this site) that says you guys are scam artist and hackers. he said no mom. i said yeah right good bye scam artist
These guys have been at it for a number of years. I got the same call around 3 years ago and I just started getting the call again from the same people with the heavy Indian accent. I played along with him for a while until he asked me what it said on the screen and that’s when I told him it says go “F” yourself. These people ARE the viruses. Your best bet is just hang up on them. There is nothing wrong with your computer.
Got the call today from a guy with a thick Indian accent, the only reason I was on the phone for more than 10 seconds is because I couldn’t understand what company he was claiming to be from. Virgin Media also use Indian call centre’s so I thought for a second that It could’ve been them because I managed to detect the word “computer” in his verbiage. After about 30 seconds he told me that he was gonna hand me over to his “manager” (which was of course the same guy) and told me to sit in front of my computer and press the windows key + r. Once I heard that I just hung up. They must think people are thick.
Kyle Miller says:
when i press win->r then type in cmd it comes up saying windows cannot find “cmd” please make sure to spell it correctly and try again
in fact i dont even have the command prompt app… what do i do
Anders Arlberg says:
Received a call 10 minutes ago, exactly as described above:
1) A woman called from the number +1-303-344-29287 and said my computer had been sending error messages for the past 2 weeks. Lots of background noise from other callers.
2) She asked if my computer was switched on (I said ‘yes’) and she forwarded the call to “her supervisor”
3) The “Supervisor” (a male) told me to press the “windows” key and the “R” key simultaneously. He then asked me what I saw on my screen.
Well; from the first 3 seconds of this call, I smelled the scent of a scam, so I decided to keep them on the phone for as long as possible, to f*ck up their time. As the “Supervisor” repeatedly tried to have me describing what I saw on my screen (without success) the call was abruptly terminated by him.
Poor bastard. How can idiots like this even imagine people will believe Microsoft will call them?
I managed to block 10 minutes of their time yeah! that means 10 minutes less for them to fool others. -A donation of my time that I gladly accept…
I received a call from Tech Resolver in Albany, NY the Indian gentleman tried his best to get me to run a command by holding down the Windows key and hitting the “R” key. I kept telling him nothing was happening. LOL He got so frustrated he called his supervisor he then proceeded to tell me the same command. I told him I am hitting it and holding it…nothing is happening. I did this for 5 minutes. Mind you I am not hitting anything. little did they know I am the IT Admin for my company. He then asked what type of computer I had I told him it is a “NotAnIdiot” it is made in India….he hung up. What a SCAM!!!!
Kyle: I wouldn’t worry too much about it.
Yoop says:
I must have got the new guy, he just called and blabbered something about our email being hacked and he needed to check our computer. First I think how does this guy know which computer….o he says…..
hit the windows key and r…….
wait, wait, wait….how do I know u aren’t?…Where are you calling from again?
Delaware, Wilmington
huh?….
Did you say Delaware, Wilmington?
Yes, Delaware, Wilmington…..
ah, Okay…Bye.Bye
windowskey+r says:
omg someone needs to get these people same thing pretty much happened to me today got a call from some guy I could barely understand and he said are you sitting in front of your computer are you on the home page and then to press windows key + r at the same time and then I asked how they got my phone number and said it was connected to their main server whatever what a scam oh the number was unavailable too joke is what it was don’t even answer unavailable numbers !
I got one of these calls yesterday from “Mike Williams” of Sri Lanka. (I suppose Williams is a common name there.) Same story about my computer sending out infection notices to their server. I said “Do you think I was born yesterday.” No, I needed to press CNTRL, flag, R. Sure, I did. I am sorry I didn’t play really stupid and tell them I could not find those keys. lol
Got a call today from an Indian speaking accent dude at my work with the same story. I played along and then told him it brought up a porn site. He told me to hit other keys which I didn’t, I then I told him the porn movie was now playing. He started telling me about viruses and I needed to shut it down. I told him I thought you could only get a virus from actual physical contact. He started talking real fast getting frustrated. I then told him that it was ok because it was his sister in the movie with a dog. He yelled something in a language I didn’t know an then hung up, which made my day.
I recently gotten a call today saying they were from California, saying he was “Microsoft Tech support” that had a heavy Indian or Philippio accent that was kinda hard to understand some if his words. He also had gone by the name “Eric White”. He had called from 1-800-347-9066. I had told him that it had felt like a scam but he had tried to assure me that it was’t. He had me do windows+r to do whatever he thought was going to happen. And then he tried to get me to download teamservice or whatever it was. I told him that he was a hacker and was trying to hack my computer himself. I had told him I was going to call the cops on him and he just laughed and said I was verbally abusive to him by calling him a hacker. Then I got into a long argument with him and he started screaming and yelling at me and swearing at me. He thought I was dumb when I asked where he was calling from then I asked him if he was from India or Indonesia or the Philippines or anything over there and he just laughed. I argued with him how he knew my computer was hacked and how he knew to call my house and stuff and he fed me some line and I told him I seemed to not believe him about what he was saying and stuff. I needed someone to tell me that he was from wherever he said but he told me to Google it and got into a argument with him about it. I told him at the end of the call that he was a scammer and I was going to call the cops on him and he said ma’am I’m not a hacker and I said I was still going to call the cops on him.
Just received the exact same call as described above. I asked why I had to press Windows + R and it might delete my drive etc and they hung up.
I just received a call from an Indian sounding guy. He gave me his ID number and a phone number of 855-264-9273. He said there had been unusual activity the last few days on my computer and wanted me to hit the CTRL key, then the Windows key and the small r. I told him my son-in-law was a computer expert and I would run it by him. He simply hung up then. In these postings and didn’t see where the CONTROL key was requested. Another angle I guess or maybe they figured a new way to hack since people were catching on to the windows and r previously requested. Anyway…FYI.
Man i wish i had googled this before they got me i just shut my computer off
Just got the same call yesterday for an India sounding guy w/thick accent. Said the same things to me. He used the same line, and prompted me to press Windows + R which I did but refused to type in CMD as he directed. I called out for my husband he started yelling to hang up – the caller then told me he made a mistake and our computers were fine.
I got one just now. Same deal as everyone else, except when I called them on NOT being who they say they are they threatened to put a block on my computer and lock it up until I did what they said… The guy hung up when I told him he just proved he was the criminal and that he did not have permission to access my computer, so anything he did would be an illegal activity.
For those mentioning catching these guys and shutting them down, we can’t do anything. They’re gaining temp access of phone numbers we have just sitting in limbo (a lot are numbers only ever used during election seasons), but are actually calling from other countries that we can’t touch for this type of stuff.
Just received the same call and routine from 315-000-1234 claiming to be from Windows Support. Number looked too odd to be Microsoft.
Also, area code 315 is in northern New York near the Canadian border. When did Microsoft move?
I received a call from “Peter at Windows Technical Support”, caller ID said: Novatel with a phone number of: 210-249-0540. He had a very thick Indian accent. He informed me that my computer was sending event logs to Microsoft and that my computer was infected with viruses and malware. I have all logs turned off. He explained how he could get someone to help me (so generous of him, considering he’s a complete stranger). He walked me through how to pull up the Event Viewer and see all the “Errors” and “Warnings”. Told me that he could have someone help get my computer clean. He was under the impression that I was falling for this scam so he transferred me to another gentleman (Rick) who instructed me to download Team Viewer (teamviewer.com – is a legit company, but you should not ever download something like this unless you are sure of the purpose of the person using it. It allows them complete control of your computer, so unless it’s a known IT Person, etc DO NOT DO THIS!) and then give him the ID number and password. Said that he generated that ID from Microsoft (complete lie!). When I was hesitant to give him the numbers he suggested another website (ammyy.com – again, appears to be legit, but DON’T do this!)
I told him I was leery about doing this one as well he asked if he could call me back after I checked out the 2 websites. I told him I’d rather call him. He did give me a phone number of: 347-281-7937 but that anyone could help me.
For whoever gets a call from these people: DO NOT download anything or give them any type of personal or sensitive information! If you have a concern about any “Errors” or “Warnings” please contact Microsoft directly. You can also see this Microsoft link about scams and phishing: http://www.microsoft.com/security/online-privacy/msname.aspx
Reposting with new information:
I received a call from “Peter at Windows Technical Support”, caller ID said: Novatel with a phone number of: 210-249-0540. He had a very thick Indian accent. He informed me that my computer was sending event logs to Microsoft and that my computer was infected with viruses and malware. I have all logs turned off.
He explained how he could get someone to help me (so generous of him, considering he’s a complete stranger). He walked me through how to pull up the Event Viewer and see all the “Errors” and “Warnings”. He was telling me to hit Control, Windows and “R”. I pretended nothing happened and he walked me through how to do it by going into Windows and searching. Told me that he could have someone help get my computer clean. He had me filter the current logs by “Critical”, “Warning” and “Error” which showed some errors. One of the warnings had a high number and I was informed that my computer was very infected.
He was under the impression that I was falling for this scam so he transferred me to another gentleman (Rick) who instructed me to download Team Viewer (teamviewer.com – is a legit company, but you should not ever download something like this unless you are sure of the purpose of the person using it. It allows them complete control of your computer, so unless it’s a known IT Person, etc DO NOT DO THIS!) and then give him the ID number and password. Said that he generated that ID from Microsoft (complete lie!). When I was hesitant to give him the numbers he suggested another website (ammyy.com – again, appears to be legit, but DON’T do this!)
Tawny Y. says:
I got this call today…we don’t have caller ID on our phone, so the only way to find out that it is a scammer is to answer the phone. When I was told (thick Indian accent, of course) that it was Microsoft Tech Support calling, and my computer was sending them multiple error reports, and that I was infected with many viruses, I decided to play along. I happened to have my new Chromebook open, so I quickly looked up their scam…which seems to hope that people are stupid enough to give then remote control of their PCs to ¨fix¨ all the horrible infections. With the first guy, I went as far as opening the ¨Run” window, as that is a completely harmless action. Then I said that I couldn’t understand what he was asking me to do next (actually true). I kept saying, ¨Speak English, man! I cannot understand a word you’re saying.¨ So he put his ¨supervisor¨ on the line, who had only slightly better English. When I asked them for a call back number, they gave me a local phone number, but said that ¨We are the service center; you will only get a busy signal at this number.” (Actually a recording that the number is not in use at this time.) I kept asking questions about why I was typing things into the ¨run¨ window, and he kept saying that I had ¨internet infections…if you will type this in I will be able to show you.” The INF command that he wanted me to type in would just show me a directory of files that have nothing to do with infections. Then I would say that if they are Internet infections, than there is no problem, because the problem lies on the internet servers, not on my local hard drives. I had him on the phone for over 20 minutes before I finally caved and said, ¨You’re clearly not with Microsoft; you obviously intend to try to gain control of my PC and either phish for information or install Malware.¨ Oddly, they hung up at this point.
I had the same type of call that many have described. I played along to see what I could find out as scam busting is my business, etc. Can’t explain it all.
Anyway. I traced the call back to an area code and number from a Country call Dominica – it is not the Dominican Republic. It is is the Caribbean.
Have notified the authorities there which is only a police force. Small island and nothing will happen. Play along or hang up but do not do what you want you to do. After a while they will get mad and start swearing at you in very good English – the only thing they can say in good English BTW. Then they hang up.
I just received a call from peter. I strung him a long for a while just for fun then hung up. He called me back. Argued with me for a while then told me when my computer crashes don’t call Microsoft I said I won’t. Hehe I had fun messing with him.
Just got the same call but he didn’t mention Windows, pressed Windows + r, and got a little pop up at the bottom right with an r in it. That confused him, which is when I asked him if it mattered that I was running Linux! I quite enjoyed that, I then pointed out to him that I was well aware of the scam and hung up.
Just received a call from a Nick Thomas at 702-583-5515 stating he was from Microsoft in Las Vegas. He stated they saw heavy malicious traffic coming from my computer to their server and wanted me to go to my computer and hit cntrl window then R. Of course, I didn’t do this … Just hung-up on him.
German guy says:
Also received a call from an Indian sounding bloke saying he was calling me from California, talking about some malicious activity on my PC. He told me to press ctrl + r, which I did, but then I got suspicious and told him I’d refuse to follow instructions by someone calling me from a call centre in Bangalore or whereever, which made him really angry and he went “Don’t you know that the Microsoft CEO is from India?” and then he called me a racist and prejudiced against Indian people. When I told him I wasn’t he yelled “Don’t underestimate the Indians!” which sounded like a threat and the he hung up. Altogether a rather strange experience.
Curtis says:
Just got a call from someone with a thick Indian accent. He wanted me to hit the windows r command. LOL! Right! I strung him along for maybe 20 minutes before he caught on. It was soooo much fun. He must’ve thought I was the most computer illiterate person on earth. He was very patient, I’ll give him that. If he gets tired of the scam business, he might have what it takes to handle real IT calls. I’m hoping they’ll call back. Good reason to answer calls from strange numbers. “I don’t see the ‘anykey’.” ROFL!
Joe Rizzo says:
Here’s what you do if you get this call:
1) The Indian guy tells you to hold down Ctrl + Win + R
2) He then wants to know what happens on your computer screen.
3) Tell him a message has popped up on the screen
4) He will ask what the message says
5) You then tell him the message says- “Gandhi is a Faggot”
6) That will generally end with him cursing at you.
7) He will then eventually hang up.
8) You then block his number through your phone company
brandi scheer says:
I just received this call the man told me he was from PC Speedy or something it was an Indian sounding man. He was almost demanding that I push the windows +R key I finally hung up.
Just had the same call 3 times in the last two days, first time I told them “you are a scammer, don’t want to deal with you” hung up on him This morning they called again, I gave them “eat shit and die, and in my best abu accent Thank you come again” This time I let them run with it, told them I was doing everything they asked but not getting any results, they put me thru to a supervisor…I let him walk me thru the steps yet again, and he asked me what I am seeing….”I see that i have wasted 20 minutes of your time when you could have been scamming someone else…he seemed put out and said something to the effect of You don’t understand how important this is to your computer and hung up…I think from here on out I will try to keep them on the line much longer….
jobie says:
got the same call,at 7:00 am, lady with thick indian accent,,said she was from microsoft,requested me to press ctrl/run so they can probably do some surrepticious damage. told her to call back after I check out what ctrl/run does. WHEN SHE CALLS BACK I WILL ASK HER IF SHE KNOWS HOW TO PLAY DICTAPHONE.
Get the Windows called every week guess they like my number. So I thought I should have some fun with this . I TOLD the guy from India that I have Windows in every room in my house some rooms have two or three Windows. His answer to me was go to my window open it , I said yes my window is now open, now what, he said now jump and he hung up, but they still call every week. I tell them I don’t have a computer they still call. I just can’t get rid of them.
i GOT A call from 24x7PC Health 929-251-8306 , Same story, I said that I was happy he called back because I bought the program and it keeps asking me for money. He then said no, it isn’t our company. I said sure it is, I have this phone number, the caller ID says your company. No, he goes different company. I said, no, it was you who sold me this stuff. This went back and forth and it sounded like he was trying to find the words in the script. Finally I said, look we’ve been on the phone for 10 minutes, you made the mistake of calling the CIA computer investigation network. When the car comes to your door, please do not cause problems. No, no, he says different company. Eventually I hung up. I then went to the do not call registry added it to the growing list of they are not doing anything, then went to my phone call blocking and blocked them. What a bunch of losers, and NO, I don’t have their software. Maybe I should get one of those high pitched whistles and blow it into the receiver.
Jacque Bristol Bourgoin says:
just received a call same thing as everyone else says. only if I let him go to his whole spiel. letting him think I was in front of my computer. I wasted about 45 min of his time. then informed him I did not on the computer I knew it was a scam and then hung up
they are still at it. says:
THey just called me. LOL They are still at it.
just received the same call saying from Windows support and wanting me to push windows key and r, I told him no I didn’t know him and didn’t trust him. I told him I cant understand half of what you are saying because of your accent!! heavy Indian accent. So crazy that people will do what strangers tell you to do on a phone call!!! don’t do anything someone you haven’t contacted via a trusted company tells you to do!!!!! see being suspicious of everybody paid off in this case lol
Ann Mitchell says:
I just got one of those calls at my parents house. Instead on the usual spiel they said they wanted to refund money I had paid their company! They wanted to send me the refund form by having me enter a web address into the run dialog box. I told him no and that I knew it was a scam. Eventually I hung up, he called back but my dad answered the phone, he just hung up.
I love those calls. I try to keep them going as long as I can acting like a total noob (I have 30 years in I.T.). I have several techniques for messing with their minds. I usually interject lots of “huh” and “what” and make them repeat themselves several times. This is from a call I just got:
Them: Typical “Windows Security” line.
Me: I follow along acting all innocent and stuff.
Them: Asking me to press Windows+R, etc.
Me: “OK”
Me: At this point, I pester them about which keys to press like I don’t understand and make them repeat their instructions a few times and then finally say, “OK, got it”.
Them: “What do you see on your screen?”
Me: “Uh, my computer just started rebooting. Want me to wait?”
Them: “Yes”
Me: “OK, it’s rebooted now.”
Me: “My computer rebooted.”
Them: “You’re joking, right?”
Me: “No, maybe I pressed the wrong keys. Oh, OK, now I got it.”
Me: “An empty black window with a flashing cursor.”
Them: They tell me to type something.
Them: “What do you seen on your screen?”
Me: “A different window.”
Them: “What does it say?”
Me: My favorite zinger – “It says you should look out your window and see if there’s a curise missile headed your direction.”
Them: “Oh, uh…”
Me: “You like that one?”
Them: [insert profanity] Click
Old Mom says:
I just had so much fun with these criminal assholes.
So even though my computer was on another floor, when the caller asked in an agitated tone, was I in front of my computer I said, oh yes. Then followed about 5 minutes of me pretending not to be able to find the Windows key. Once we got to where I could suddenly see it, came the command to “Press that key and the R key at the same time, and then let it go!” I pretend to comply. He wants to know what I see on the screen. This is the moment Ih ave been waiting for. I describe, first in tones of awe and then shock, the maisma of swirling colors I see on the screen. Then I describe how the screen is slowly fading. “You’re a smartass!” the scammer finally says. I shriek in reply: “NOW IT’S TOTALLY GONE BLACK! i THINK YOU KILLED IT!” then he says something really odd to me, involving what he wants to do to me. I consider stringing him along further and mentioning how at my age, I couldn’t even pay someone his age to do that to me, but it was getting boring so I just hung up.
Bob C says:
just got a call from phone number 571-916-6077, it sounded like someone from India, wanted me to press the windows key and the R key, I did not do this and do not recommend anyone doing this, just hang up.
S Watson says:
Just got a call from (801) 225-4320 Clayton White – Guy saying he saying he was with e support & that my computer was downloading unwanted/unknown files. I laughed at him.
Rose willows says:
4:10 pm california a woman called from a private number stating to be from Microsoft. had me hold for technition. a heavy accented man told me to press the windows key with the r key so he could fix and trouble shoot my computer for errors. this was as I was actualy on line ordering stuff. I told them my computer was working fine, but oddly I had just had to my computer not working cuz my router had gotten unplugged prior to this call . when I asked him why he was calling from a private #, he hung on me.
Kelly W says:
Just got the call. I knew it was fishy??
Look’s like it has been going around for a while.
WARN EVERYBODY!
HANGUP!
Barb M says:
I started getting 6-8 calls in a row from a very persistent Peter with a very heavy British accent. kept insisting he was representing Microsoft and that I had a ‘clone’ in my computer and it was stealing all my information. I was shocked “Really??” I said. At that point he got very serious and told me to hold down the Win+R keys and type in the box: eventvwr. I told him I didn’t think so and he became very angry with me.
There are 2 of these Indian persons calling (taking turns) Peter and John Martin! The number they are using with me is 800-609-7139. I kept telling them that just like my front door I do not open my computer fo/for strangers. They said they were my friends and there to help. I told them they were liars and scammers. Microsoft does not, ever call if there is a problem. And never third party calls. Because I have been able to garner so much information from them (by playing the dumb little old lady) I am considering bringing a harassment suit against them. They have called me so often that I had to put a call-block on their number. At that point they switched to my landline phone! Talk about persistence.
Saundra says:
June 22, 2015 @2:45 pm from phone # 333-255-2222
I just got the same call from a guy with a heavy accent and was half asleep when they called. I went as far as doing the windows plus r key and typed in cmd and it brought up my black command screen and he told me to type in something else and I did but can’t for the life of me remember what it was but then it brought up another black screen and he wanted me to type in something else but at this time I was pretty much very awake and started asking him a line of why questions. He told me so he could fix my computer problems. I then asked to speak to his supervisor he said no need for me to. I then demanded to speak to his super…lol he said hold on and came back on the line trying to change his voice but I knew it was still him. Then I said a few choice ugly words and told him to never call my # again. He called me a mean ass Bitch and he hung up. I just need to know if what I done caused my computer any problems. How do I tell? If anyone knows how to tell if it caused any problems, can you Please tell me?
Received a call from Edie showing Not Available #442-545-564-6894 who claimed to be with Matrix Idea Technical Support. The idiot asked me to press the Windows +R key because I had a virus he wanted to help me fix. Stated my PC was sending out messages on its own. When he told me to find the CTR key on my keyboard I kept telling him I did not have a CTR key; after driving him crazy about 12 times asking him how to spell the key & asking where it was I finally ask him if he was talking about the CTRL key; too which he said yes. Finally he go so disgusted with me he hung up.
These people keep calling back hour after hour non-stop & do not stop until someone answers. After you get them upset they stop calling for the rest of the day but call again either 1 or 2 days later & again keep calling if no one answers.
You know I never had phone calls until I HAD to write my phone number down when buying programs via the PC. I will NEVER write my phone number down again I will write the phone number to the company I am ordering from so they can get these phone calls.
Just got a call, 813 832-8282 with an Indian accent.. She said there is a virus on my computer and I should press the windows icon and CTRL R, and then type in eventvwr I said ok, she asked me what I saw but since I wasn’t doing it she kept walking me through the process again and again. . She eventually got frustrated with me and hung up.. What a scam I feel bad for the people who actually listen and follow their instructions.
TX says:
Just received a call from 204-229-5643. Told me I had a virus, and they were from the Microsoft Technical Team. Tried to get me to push control + r. I said I did, but my screen was the same (my computer
Isn’t even on). He and his “supervisor” kept trying other things, and I just told him my screen was the same. He got mad and asked me what color panties I was wearing. Creeps.
I just had one of those thickly accented cockroaches call me. He was nearly impossible to understand but after patiently cajoling him to give up info, I got : He called his company VAPSECURE, said his web site was http://www.vapsecure.com and gave up phone # 888 577 4003.
He said his company was based in Austin, TX when I asked for his address he either couldn’t or wouldn’t provided and clicked off.
dee ann says:
I just got a call right now from an accented person who said he worked for Microsoft. he said I was getting hacking alerts (sure). he said I needed to run ctrl-window key-R and he would ‘show’ me what was happening. yeah, right. I did not do anything he asked.
I knew these to be scams, so I strung him along for information. when I asked him what my name was since he pretended to know so much about me, he did not pronounce it correctly. when I asked for a number, he provided a bogus number that did not match his area code. when I asked for a case number, then he hung up. these guys are idiots.
Karin C says:
He’s still calling… Called me 2 x’s as I could not hear first time… asked for his number which he would not give… just said he was from the World Wide web, that they would remove my computer # and not to complain to them when I couldn’t get on my computer. . sorry guy… wasn’t born yesterday!!!
guy from number 18845771246 and her name is ami smith and her voice is indian accent try to help fo fix the computer but look suspicious .she say she want to help me by windows + r key and nothing happen .looking very suspicious
yesterday I received around 6 phone calls from, what appeared to be a local area code (started 0190), however, if you don’t take the call and you have a call log, it will seem to be a number beginning 00190, probably to stop people from ringing it back maybe.
anyway, the first call they were advising me that they were calling from my phone provider (talktalk) and that they had detected a few issues, I already knew it was a scam as had someone tell me of it previously, although they didn’t remember what the hackers did to get in. Therefore, I got the initial part from the first call win and r together, not knowing at this stage whether they would get access, i told them i knew they were scammers n they hung up. i then googled that before actually doing it
the next call I was prepared and ready to press the win and r button and then waiting for the next prompt, which was the ‘eventvwr’ word. again, i didn’t know what that did so told him that i would prefer to call talktalk back myself so that i had personally made the call, to which he tried to blag me, but this one had given me his name so i said ‘well i know your name, it’s shane isn’t it?’ ‘yeah’ he said, my reply was ‘ok, so i can ring talktalk and ask for you can’t i’ ‘yeah and bye’ came from his mouth rofl.
the third call was a woman and at this time i had googled ‘pressing win r and computer hacking’ interestingly a website came up that would’ve step-by-step shown me how i could potentially hack another computer, so initially i came across as naive and then a little thick, well i must;ve come across as very thick because she put the phone down – bless her lol
I’ve shared the incident on public media sites and would suggest or hope that any new calls are also shared with friends and family as, last year it was my mum who got hacked and they removed every last one of her photos and saved documents + it cost her in excess of £250 because as well as paying some monies to the hackers, she also had to get it rectified by Microsoft (the genuine article).
I just wish that one of you IT nerds out there could create some software that would actually reverse what it is that they are wanting to do and that we would take over their computers and either be able to kill the hardrive or put something in the background that pops up on a persons computer they are trying to hack to advise them of this.
Norma Maloney says:
I am 71 years of age and yesterday also had this call. I did as the indian guy saifd but as I told him that I dont have a credit card he closed my computer down. What can I do now as I cannot open my computer, can someone help me? He said he will phone me back on Monday as I was to ask a family member to loan me the money. I am using my tablet now.
Just talked to these jokers. I have a better plan. I didn’t hang up. I just played stupid for over 15 minutes and laughed hysterically. He asked for me to press window key and r and what appeared on the screen. I yelled chickens. Chickens everywhere. I had fun. Don’t think they’ll call back and maybe it prevented a few others from getting the stupid calls. I told him we have a backward keyboard. The bottom left key was the f12 key. I didn’t have any “second” on my screen. After many many minutes. He told me he word take my computer certificate away. Duh. Sure you will then when he realized we were laughing at him. … He told me to go to hell. New plan…I hope they call again. I’ll enjoy it more next time.
I got a call from 019911 today. I just played the dumb user and faked what the guy asked me to : opened un a command prompt, typed ‘www.support.me’, downloaded the ‘take control of my computer’ software. Then he ask ‘what do you see on the screen ?’. I told him ‘Call computer crime unit at this number ….’. He hang up, why ? I didn’t even fixed my computer
Trolling Trolls says:
lmfaoooo i gave them a call acting like i had no Idea how to use a computer. The guy spent ten minutes explaining where the start button was. Man everytime im feeling down from now on im just gonna give them a call.
I always lead them on til I get bored then I unload with all of my saved up hostility in a string of never ending profanity and set down the phone without hanging up. I’ve pissed them off so bad they call back and leave a message of profanities.
I just got this call,knowing it was some kind of scam. The lady asked me to hold down the FN key and letter R. I told her nothing was happening,and she seemed confused by that. Of course my pc was turned off.
And then I asked if it mattered if I had a mac.
She swore at me and then hung up. The phone number on caller id is
sanford says:
My computer illiterate wife got the call. Her solution? Play along and when they ask what the screen says, reply “F*** you, don’t call me no more!”
yep. call from “00000000”. indian accent. telling me he was notified of a virus and to press the windows and R button. and that he had serviced me computer remotely before.. and when i said no.. ive never had it serviced .. ever.. he said you can check with your family member that you did! so i said.. who is this again? and he hung up. lol.they are really bold.
Got the same call twice now from an indian guy. Played along for a little bit then finally asked him again where he was calling from he told me ” that windows thing”. LMAO. I said ” Do you mean Microsoft?” I told him I built my computer, I maintain it, and to stop calling me and f*** off.
Just received an identical call. Indian guy hard to understand. I talked with him for several minutes. Hope he didn’t infect my phone line. He described the steps I should take so that he could show me the virus. I hung up.
I just got a new computer because two weeks ago I noticed a webnote for Ransomware telling me how to get the data on my computer back. An encryption virus RSA 2048 gained access thru email. Made every file on the computer unreadable. They wanted $500 to give me the codes to un-encrypt the files. Screw them. ^$@(&%^+*#@………
Great Duch says:
Not the same people. The ransom ware guy does honor his word though from what I saw in the news.
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Flashy Girl says:
I JUST received this same phone call from an Indian guy with a very heavy accent. I hung up the phone on him and he immediately called back. I told him please don’t call me again!
Haahaaaa, just got this call from an Indian guy named “Steve”, and I played along for like 10 minutes as the dumb, gullible American, and you could almost here the excitement growing in his voice with every “Fake” click, and then… I said “Steve, do you think I am an idiot? Get a real job chief, and stop harassing people with this BS”.
What came next was a high pitched shrill that lasted like 5 seconds, and Steve’s sale had just turned into a complete meltdown. Shreking, and then muttering “Muddafucka, Muddafucka, ohhhhh”. I laughed for about 10 seconds while he went on, then he finally muttered something about my Mom and hung up.
Here’s to hoping he calls back, that made my day!
I got the same exact call about a half hour ago but I kept the douchebag on the phone for a half hour asking him all kind of questions and speaking extremely loud. With all the noise in the background it was obvious he was calling from a call center and the heavy Indian accent was comical – but his name was Steve. I knew exactly what he wanted – he wanted to sell me a registry cleaner but first he had to try to scare me into thinking that ..
1. My IP address was compromised
2. I had a serious virus that could lock me out of my computer
3. I had to do everything he said.
After a half hour I hung up on him and he called back several times. The number that showed up on my caller ID was a series of zeros then another line of numbers.
Got that call, heavy east Indian accent, male. Told me to do the win key r thing told him now what? He asked what I saw, hell my computers been broken for 6 months, been using my nook and smart phone for Internet. Told him I had another important call and I would call him back, said his name was Kevin, ya right, and his # is 1-855-627-4688. These scammers wear me out….
k ballentine says:
just had a variation of this in Birmingham England they say they are from talk talk a phone and broadband company in the uk) say you have been recieving unusual internet activity press windows key and control key together etc and at that point i told them to get lost (or words to that effect). This has been going on for a few weeks now so i rang the phone company and they said if you can get the telephone number they can trace them .well more calls later i passed the numbers to the company who are forwarding them to the police as they used phones wit the numbrs available weirdlyas the earlier calls were number withheld calls but got em police will be ocking on their doors soon with luck.
blooming wireless keyboarrd missed that typo knocking on their door was what i meant lols
dylansmama says:
its 2016 and this is going on just the same. My guy was Harry then they put on a 2nd one, can’t remember but his name like kevin. i mimicked their heavy accent, i made him respond yes to me repeating to him everything he said. i said i believed my computer to be infected what was the next step. but he insisted I open the command window. by then i had googled the scam and told him whatever he wanted to hear. until kevin came on – called me sir – and i feigned disgust as i am not a SIR (thyroid)
TiredOfPhoneScammers says:
652-375-5739 is the number they called on today, but they are calling from overseas because there is a long pause before they get connected. I’ve gotten two calls in two days. Several in the last couple of months. So annoying. Microsoft will not be calling you to fix your computer issues! EVER! They have to be having some success on poor unsuspecting souls, or they would not keep calling. Disgusting!
Alex Marshall says:
I had the call earlier this morning. Went through the usual stuff and I pretended to do as told Win R eventvwr etc. I must have given the right responses for a while but at one stage he asked what I saw on screen. I said ‘Open?’ He said ‘No! NO! you are wasting my time!’ And I said ‘Well, as you are wasting my time, I thought it only fair to waste yours.’ He gave up
CaroleE says:
Had a similar call this morning. I kept him on the line as long as I could just to annoy him and also because while he’s talking to someone who knows he’s a scammer, he’s not scamming someone else. It can sound very plausible if you don’t know it’s a fraud. I asked how they got my number, as I hadn’t given it out to anyone. He said that the companies have the numbers anyway, so I told him that meant he was using the information illegally and he should be careful as he could be arrested.
They sure are persistent bastards. They’ve called 7 times i a row :/ It shows up on my (home, not cell) phone as “Out of Area” so I don’t know how to go about blocking the number.
Had this scam call today. I decided to play along for a while. When the Indian lady with the heavy accent told me to hit Win + R I said OK (obviously not actually doing it) and when she asked what I saw on the screen I said “It says to tell the lady on the phone that she’s full of $h!t and nice try on the scam!” I then hung up and added the number to my growing list labeled as SCAM (which is also blocked on my cell phone).
Kelly Olson says:
Had the exact same thing happen yesterday. 2/25/16 Even let them connect to my pc and Frank showed me all the processes that had been stopped and at first recommended geek squad and several others to take it to and they would charge $200-$300 . I told him it was my Dads old desk top that Id just toss it and he then said let me talk to my supervisor and see what I can do because you sound like such a nice person. He came back and said for $99.99 and they could do the repair right then while I waited. He typed a diagnosis report then asked for my payment info. I told him I would just wait that it wasnt important though he insisted. I said Im retired and own everything I have and I only deal in cash. He then gave me this # 8887245127 and 18007543403 and to call and ask for Frank when I got a Visa gift card to pay for it. Hahahaha.
Great Duck says:
They called me recently thrice not realizing it was the same person. If you ever wanna seem em really go nuts do what I did. It’s hilarious.
The first time they said “we’ve received error messages from your PC regarding viruses”. I said, “the Windows 10 one?”. They said, “yes, it’s been infected.”. I said, “Oh well you see I’ve been testing the Windows support API for programming and it appears I forgot to turn off the wi-fi. What was the message?” *insert some thing about INF viruses* “Oh yes, that was me. I’m so sorry for the inconvenience.”
I think the scammer was completely shocked. I think he actually believed me because he said it’s okay and to be more careful next time before hanging up.
The next time I pulled a really good stunt on them. When they called and asked I said, “does my PC need to be connected to the Internet?”. They said yes. So I said hold on I have to get the router plugged in. So while that was going (not) I asked what it was about. They said the whole virus line thing. Then I said, “well it is possible it’s my one PC. It’s a custom OS but it was built with Windows code so it’s possible it’s sending the same messages.” Then they asked me to do all the stuff (which while I had to haggle a bit to find the “equivalent”) led to them saying I had a virus. I asked if it was a remote controlling or keylogging virus and they said yes at which point I said that those were features built into my system, but thanked em for finding the bug.
The third time I couldn’t think of anything funny to say so I just told em it was impossible as I transfer all files through a series of hard drives and that my PC has no internet. Then I told them that this was the third time my custom system had supposedly sent them messages and to take them off the list as it was a bug in the OS not a virus. Never heard from them again.
ATBK says:
Yes just had a team from India offering to sort out my BT “server problems” . Asked me to access Windows + R and after offering a bogus security check, they then asked my to punch into the prompt “supremocontrol.com” , which I see is remote access software. I declined and after threats of doom and gloom for my PC they hung up.
new call today from this number 0224590306. Dude with Indian accent called and explained a virus attack on my computer. I just kept sayin “Yes, yes… computer is here… bla bla..”. Same story , wanted me to press STRG + Windows button + R. I hung up and they guy tried to call me 20 minutes after.
K Terbieten says:
I got a message on my computer that said that my computer was locked because I had a network virus and I turned it off. AFter awhile turned it back on and it was still there adn i couldn’t get my computer to do anything at all. It was a message from Windows
supposedly and had a phone number to call which I knew was an 800 number but had not heard of these scams. He was very nice and told me to either take my computer some where to get it cleaned up or they could do it for me but for a price. I AGREED TO THE PRICE AND GAVE HIM MY ROUTING NUMBER & account number to get a Vcheck. ( Yes I now know how stupid I was )
I just got the call again. Probably the 5-6th time in the past 2 years. I always play with them on the phone and tell them I am doing what he asks. Then I just tell him he is a scammer and that I dont even own a PC. OR I say… OHHHH NOOOO Can you help… Of course, he thinks he as one on the line… I then ask about 5 minutes into the call if he was sure it was my PC. He says Yes, I respond, that is funny because I only have a MAC. They always hang up and then I block the number for the future.
Maybe the FBI could go after these guys instead of wasting millions trying to unlock empty iphones.
Markn says:
This was fun – I am a windows expert since nt4 days. So they want you to run event viewer vie run command eventvwr – harmless. Then they want you to find an error to prove that your computer is broken (it’s not). They then have you go to a website via run – http://www.support.me which redirects you. This goes to a scam website where they want you to download software **** don’t do it**** this software gives them control of the machine. If asked they don’t work for Microsoft and MS should pursue them strongly…
This scam calling has been happening here for the last year or two, also; sometimes we have been getting several calls of this type a month.
These people pretending to be from Microsoft invariably have an extremely thick foreign accent (mainly African & Indian/Pakistani type accents, rarely Asian) and start by telling how they have received worrying data from one’s PC over the last few days, indicating that there may be a hidden virus, then they ask one to “open the computer” and perform the windows key + R command (or similar).
Which is where one should hang up, at the latest, unless one knows exactly what one is doing and likes to play with these nitwits. (Last time I told the person that I will make sure to disinfect my typewriter so that I won’t catch any virus from it and thanked the bewildered guy profusely for telling me of this risk, before hanging up. lol XD)
Received the call this morning from a guy called “Steve Johnson” with a heavy accent. Said he was from BT IT department and told me that between 2am and 5am people are using my internet connection to do very bad things! His supervisor, with a similar accent, talked me through what to do (win + r). I asked him again why I should do this, and he shouted: “you’re asking me why!!!?”.
I put the phone down!
So, my computer started talking to me saying there was a virus detected and provided a number to call. Gullible me called and immediately realized it was a scam. Darn! I did NOTHING he asked, pretended to be confused& told him I would call back when my husband got home. He called back and left a message of a code to type in when I resumed ” fixing” the problem on my computer. I will contact Dell to ensure proper programs in place to avoid these goofballs again.
Scott Austin says:
They just called me also from: GADSIP2 314-627-6988
JOYCE ALBERT says:
I also rec’d a call. Same heavy Indian accent. Said he was from Microsoft and that my computer had been flagged because I had a firewall problem to do with Microsoft Essentials. I asked who he was. Told me I had subscribed to their service a year ago. Then said if I would hold down the Win flag and type R, he could help me fix my security. I told him I was suspicious of anyone calling me… asked exactly what the Win/R command was. He hesitated and then hung up.
jay309 says:
Hey guys. Just had the same thing happen to me in UK. An Indian guy told me that my pc was infected and at risk…..kept him going for 5 mins in that one! Then he asked me to push the Windows key and R together. I asked him what that would do…..again kept him going for a while on that one too!! Needless to say these dicks do get some success with the old, non-pc savy folks. It’s a shame. But I don’t think it harms anyone to steinf them on for a while…..happy hunting guys and girls….let’s bring these arseholes down a peg or 2!!!!
HG says:
I was bored when they called me today, so I just played with them for about 10 minutes before going to the “Supremo Control” website like he said to do. Only I didn’t go to the website, I “accidentally” Googled ‘Supremo Control’ and told him it looked like some article and started reading out loud “scammers have made an estimated tens of millions of dollars by tricking computer users into thinking their PCs are infected. The scammers cold call people, tell them that harmless error messages……” – CLICK!
I didn’t even get to tell them I used to own a couple computer service shops and that we were contractors for Dell, HP, etc.
I just had a call for this exact thing. FYI the number he gave me is 727-498-0505 extension 333.
Luckily I wrote everything down and did not do anything.
Ron Veronese says:
After the tenth call I decided to have some fun. I told the caller that i was glad he called because my computer was displaying the dreaded blue screen. He asked me to hold and got his technical guru on the phone. That guy proceeded to have start my PC in Safe Mode. I acted like I was following instructions. Once I was logged in he had me do the windows|R procedure. By now I had had enough. I asked him why and he gave some BS answer after which I told him to f**k off. Click.
Dave in Oregon says:
Same call – his name was “John” – same Windows + R key. I strung him along and acted concerned. I ran Norton while on the phone and it balked at a couple of tracking cookies and that was it. I hit the Win+R and told him it said run, “now what do I do”? At that point he hung up… He chickened out! He even had a blocked number.
Funny, these guys all say “infections”, not viruses.
I received a phone call at 855 am from 234 896 8524 from this Indian Nitwit and I told me that I had a problem with my computer. I played dumb with this asshole and he told me to turn on my computer. I was watching the Today Show and never got up and said just a minute until it loads up. That nitwit waited and after a minute and half, I told him it’s all up. He then transferred me to a tech guy and he told me to hold down CTRL FN and R keys. I said OK and told him I had the deed to the Brooklyn Bridge and did he want to buy it. The fucking Indian asshole hung up on me. I laughed my ass of while drinking my coffee and continued watching the Today Show. lol
Grandma Dufus says:
I am a typical adult male, yearning to have good, harmless fun.
About once a month I get a phone call from the fake “Microsoft Computer Virus Department” on my landline cordless phone. (Why do I still have a landline? – heck, I don’t know.) Anyway the call usually always has a foreign accent that reminds me of India or Pakistan, and the caller usually introduces himself with a very American sounding name such as David. I usually simply hang up on the scammer, but on some days when I am bored, I have as much fun as I can with it.
I ALWAYS answer my landline phone in a high-pitched, quivering voice disguised as an old woman, and the call goes something like this:
Me: Hellll loooo???
David: Hello Maam, this is David from the IT department of Microsoft and I wanted to…
Me: Hell loo D-D-David, H-H-How’s your m-m-mother d-d-doing these d-d-days?
David: Uh, fine Mamm, I’m calling to tell you that I am at the World Wide Web ITT department, and we have noticed that your computer is infected with a computer virus.
Me: Ohhh M-M-My G-G-G-Goodness! Ohhhh N-N-Nooo!
David: It’s OK mamm, I am calling to help you. First, is your computer turned on?
Me: N-N-No,…. A-a-a c-c-computer va-va-virus? W-W-What d-d-do I n-n-need to d-d-do?
David: That’s OK mamm, I can help you. Can you turn on your computer for me?
Me: It’s, it’s, it’s in m-m-my grandson’s room on the, the, the o-o-other s-s-s-side of the, the, the, h-h-house, l-l-let m-m-me g-g-get m-m-my w-w-walker…. ( I then set the telephone on the table while I surf the web for 3 minutes… Then I pick up the phone again and….)
Me: Hellll loooo, who-who is this?
David: This is David from the Microsoft ITT Department, and I…
Me: Hell loo David, H-H-How’s your m-m-mother d-d-doing these d-d-days?
David: Fine, she’s fine, Did you turn on your computer?
Me: M-M-My C-C-Computer? – W-W-Why d-d-do I-I-I n-n-need to t-t-turn on m-m-my c-c-computer?
David: Mamm, we have discovered a virus on your computer and…
Me: A-A-A v-v-virus, oh m-m-my gud-gud-goodness!
David: Can you turn on your computer for me?
Me: I-I-I think so, hold, hold, hold on a m-m-minute. (A few minutes later…) There! This-this-this c-c-computer t-t-takes a lo-lo-long t-t-time to boo-boo-boot up.
David: That’s OK mamm, I’ll wait.
(Five minutes later I pick up the phone, and the idiot scammer is still there.)
Me: Ohhh-kaaay,, The c-c-computer is t-t-turned on n-n-now, but it w-w-wants my p-p-p-password. H-H-Hold on, m-m-my p-p-p-password is on a pea-pea-piece of pay-pay-paper, in m-m-my p-p-purse. I thin-thin-think I I I la-la-left it in in in the ka-ka-kitchen….. (A few minutes later…) Ahh he-he-here it is! Now, Wha-wha-why am I la-la-looking at m-m-my pa-pa-pa-password?
David: Mamm, you need to enter the password on your computer!
Me: Oh, Tha-tha-thank you sonny, wha-wha-what did you you you say ya-ya-your name is?
David: This is David, Did you enter your password yet?
Me: Oh na-na-no, I na-na-knew I-I-I w-w-was for-for-forgetting something! Let m-m-me wa-wa-walk ba-ba-back to my g-g-grandson’s c-c-computer. (Two minutes later I pick up the phone again…)
Me: OK, I am here-here-here again. Let’s see…. P… A… S… S… where’s the “W”, oh the-the-there it is! W… O… R… D… 1… 2… 3…
and… Oh Rats! – I think I cli-cli-clicked on the-the-the ca-ca-ca-cancel button by mis-mistake. Wa-wa-wait, I-I-I nee-nee-need m-m-my glasses Sonny! They’re in m-m-my pa-pa-pa-purse ba-ba-back in the the the kit-kit-kitchen… (Two minutes later….)
Me: Now, wh-wh-why am I in the-the-the kit-kit-kitchen?
David: Mamm, you are getting your glasses! They are in your purse!
Me: Ra-ra-right! – here-here-here tha-tha-they are! How-how d-d-did you kna-kna-know they were in my p-p-purse?
David: Mamm, we here at Microsoft know everything! Now, can you enter the password back at your computer?
Me: Yes, b-b-but that’s ba-ba-back in m-m-my g-g-grandson’s ra-ra-room.
(Two minutes later…)
Me: Ahhhhh, He-he-here wa-wa-we go aga-ga-gain! … P… A… S… S… where’s the “W”, oh the-the-there it is! W… O… R… D… 1… 2… 3… and I-I-I thin-thin-think I-I-I ga-ga-got it ra-ra-right this ta-ta-ta-time! (Eventually I let him “talk me into” clicking on the “blue e” (to open the internet explorer) and to a website where he can gain remote access into my computer once I enter in a lengthy session password/key.) David reads me the letters and numbers one at a time, and I repeat each letter or number, slowly each time. But I feign deafness, and repeat an incorrect letter almost every other time. David shouts, “Not B, I said D!”, and I pretend to get flustered and insist that we start from scratch. When I finally get all of the session key correct, and insist on reading the letters and numbers back to him very slowly, David starts to sound a little excited… “That’s Great!”, he exclaims, “and now just click on the “submit” button!”
Me: “Now c-c-click on the red “X” button!”
David: Not red X! – I said the “SUBMIT” BUTTON!
Me: Ohhh, I-I-I’m s-s-sorry, la-la-let’s try it ah-ah-gain…..
We then repeat the above routine as slow as I can, and when I feel as if I can’t stretch this out any longer, I get up and with my cordless phone in hand, I tip-toe to the front doorbell. I ring it, which causes my three dogs to start barking….
Me: H-H-Hold on, I-I-I na-na-need to an-an-answer the d-d-door. (I then carry on a loud conversation with with a non-existent young man selling magazine subscriptions, playing the rolls of both the teenager and the old lady. After buying a subscription, using a fake address and a fake credit card, (which I imagine “David” is feverishly writing down), I pick up the phone again. I am totally amazed that David is still on the line, waiting for me to click the “submit” button.
Me: Hellll-loooo???
David: Hello Mamm!
Me: Who’s this?
David: It’s David from the Microsoft Headquarters computer department.
Me: C-C-Computer??? No th-th-thanks, I all-all-already have a c-c-computer.
David: Mamm, You have a computer virus and I need you to go to your computer!
I keep going on until the scammer eventually hangs upon me!
My record time for stringing one of these scammers along has been 42 minutes! – Beat That!
thebigmart says:
I have really enjoyed reading these comments. Yes, I have had calls from these scammers and have never gone along with them.
I use one of two methods – the quick way (instead of hanging up), “ah do you mean my iPad?” . They will normally reply saying something like “haven’t you got a PC?”, when I say “no” they mutter something like “okay” and hang up.
The more fun way, is to start the conversation and in the middle of what you are saying, just say something like “oh, err, can you hang on a minute”? They will normally say yes. Then put the phone on mute and continue with what you were doing. After about 5 / 10 minutes they will hang up.
Sometimes they will come back to you while they are ‘waiting’ “Are you still there?”. You reply “yes, err can you hang on a minute ..” !
gorhody says:
Who still answers calls from numbers they don’t recognize?
K Quink says:
Re: Scam Microsoft call
I’ve been telling the scam guy on the phone that I’m not logged in and need a minute. Then a couple minutes later I come back and ask if I need to be on line (of course I do). I say ok, I need to turn on modem and that will take a few minutes. Then I come back and whatever he asks, I need a minute. (“I’m tethered to a land line and my desktop is inn another room”) Eventually I tell him I’ve pushed FN R and he asks what I see. I tell him I see a banner that says he should be ashamed of himself for being dishonest and he should get an honest job never call again”
Just depends if you wanna waste 10 minutes or hangup
Thomas Green says:
I got one of these calls today. It was a female with a thick Indian accent. I became wary the second I heard her accent, so I started recording the call.
Me: “Hello?”
Her: “Hello. Is this Mr. _____?
[pause]
Me: “Yes. This is he.”
Her: “Hello, Mr. _____. My name is Tracy Williams. I am calling on behalf of Network Solutions Group out of Birmingham, AL. Are you aware that your personal computer’s security has been compromised?”
Me: “Oh, my. I had no idea that my computer was in danger – much less that it was being monitored. Are you sure you have the right person?”
Her: “I am afraid so, Mr. _____. Your home address is located at __ __________ Street, correct?”
Me: “Well, that’s me alright. What’s wrong with my computer?”
Her: “We here at Network Solutions Group have been alerted because someone has broken into your computer from outside of your home network. If you wish to fix any damage that may have been done, we can guide you through a diagnostics test to discover what the hacker has changed.”
Me: “May I give you some advice?”
Her: “Of course, Mr. _____.”
Me: “Please don’t hang up the phone until I’m done because I’m honestly just trying to do you a favor. I’m fairly technologically savvy, so I know better than to trust someone calling me from a blocked number. Your execution here has been nearly perfect. If you really want this scam to succeed, you’re going to have to learn to hide your accent. I don’t mean this to be rude, but many Americans are wary when the first voice they hear on a phone call has an Indian accent. If you can manage to make yourself sound like an American – specifically, a Caucasian American – you’ll see vast improvements in your turnover rate.”
Then she hung up.
This scam from India has been going on for years… and still active. My recommendation is to play along as much as possible to waist their time. My record was 30 minutes. During that time I faked my computer shutdown twice and re-boot, bad connection etc. At the end I told them that I was from the police and we located their call. I said we were coming over shortly with a squad. They screamed away and stopped calling….
Dalene Kolk says:
I get these calls several times a week. When they tell me they are from Dell or Windows,I simply ask for the pass code that is on our account. Usually they say they will” bring it up to confirm, please hold.” “Click”. Another thing I do with those that don’t give up, I keep a whistle near at all times. An earful of whistle is all they need to be convinced to leave me alone.
can anyone help with tops what to do…I just passed all this info…….
DM in Phx AZ says:
Mostly to add to the ph# collection – I got a call – on my cell phone – no less & played along some – Initial call ID was -unavailable- and while playing got disconnected- guy (yep sounded E Indian – or jamaican = mon? ) called back = this time CID = 323-741-3873 (which I haven’t researched yet) – claimed to be with MS / Win tech support (usual fib) said I should find an ID (some mixed alpha & numeric string) on my computer (ha!) when I got to it (had told Him (true) that I wasn’t at computer. he said he was in NY – Jackson Heights (with a very noisy call center background) near 72nd St & a museum (yes it was hard to understand him!) Claimed to be from (live in) NY & not Jamaican (I asked) & I got a call back # & name from him = “Harry Green” at 206-430-5057 ext 2929 he said he would be at work till 8pm (NY time) – He even defended his scamming as being his job ! I may experiment (perhaps w/o I’net conn) with the various Left Win + r variations just for my own curiosity…
I just received a call from a male with an Indian accent saying that he worked for Google, that he noticed that my computer had been hacked, told me to press Windows key+R to help me remove the virus. I asked him to prove that he was from Google. He called his supervisor to talk to me, who did not have an Indian accent, who said he was from Google, read out my address, name and telephone number. I told him that did not prove that he was from Google. While keeping him on the phone, I went to Google to search Windows key+R hackers and found out thousands of other users have received similar calls from a guy with an Indian accent, so I just hung up on him, end of my call.
Katie Patterson says:
I just got this trashy people trying to get me to press Windows + R 30 minutes ago. Strong Indian accent. Begging me not to hang up to check and verify if he is really working for Microsoft. Scumbag!
Btw, I hae submitted a support scam report to the legitimate Microsoft Corporation at:
support.microsoft.com
Lynn B says:
Yes, just got the call saying that they were going to refund me…I told them to keep the money…they pursued pretty good. Indian accent…… phone number was 208-650-5297….don’t fall for it, don’t push any keys!
I have several recordings of my conversations with the “Windows Security” team. I have a lot of spare time and find entertainment in them. I just play stupid and usually get them to make some sort sexual suggestion before hanging up on me. Today Wilson from New Jersey, with his Indian accent, suggest I masterbate my keyboard with my own hand before throwing it out the window.
Wayed says:
So I didn’t get the scam call but I did happen to find a video of a YouTuber I follow who got a call from this Indian scammed and had a good time with him. In the end he gets any this is gold: https://youtu.be/AlC2J2f35nE
hold.windows.key.and.hold.r.and.g.at.same.time
Same thing happened here. Cold call from guy with heavy Indian accent. I could barely understand him. He wanted me to press Windows key and hold down letter R. He said this would help identify files on my computer that should be removed. I asked him for a call back number. He said he was here to help me. I told him I was not going to give him access to my PC and that I needed to call him back. Then I told him that I had two PC’s and asked him which PC was infected. He hung up without saying a word.
AnnRae Ferns says:
Just got this call yesterday. They said they had by product number and they also had my name. They spoke with a very heavy foriegn accent and said they were in N.Y. but the phone number the have me to call back was not a N.Y. area code but a Wisconsin area code. I called my tech support person and took my computer to them for a complete cleaning. DO NOT GIVE THEM ANY ACCESS OR INFORMATION. THIS IS A SCAM. WINDOWS WOULD NEVER CALL YOU.
I have this call nearly every day. Just had one now off an Indian man. Yesterday an Indian woman rang me and when I hung up on her she kept on persistently ringing and when I answered again she asked why I had hung up on her and that she would just keep ringing and ringing and true to her word she did.
Got this call at 12:45 AM. When I refused to press the Windows +R, she threatened to “block my computer from the internet”. When I continued to refuse, she told me to “go to hell”.
Well, I got the reverse. I visited a web site and I message showed up on my screen with the Microsoft logo. It was telling me my computer was blocked access because it was infected and prompt me to call a +1 (844) 813-5760. I called for the sake of finding out what the scam was and got a guy in India that worked for SupportBuddy.com asking me to give him access to my computer. I did and, after 30 minutes effort on his side to prove me how badly infected my network was, asked me for $299 to perform a once time cleaning. I hung up and cut him off my computer. It was a lovely exercise to witness.
I just got my call….i played along then asked him if he had a sister…..he hung up.
I just got a cold call from an Indian sounding guy claiming to be from Windows support and got them to give me their number. The guy said he was based in Victoria st and gave me a 02036300338 which responds when you call back. The Guy asked me to Press Windows log and R on my keyboard which I did then type in “EVENTVWR” which showed about 4000 + potential threats. He asked me to close it and reopen Windows Logo R again and type in http://www.logyou.net. I did not hit the OK button but pulled out my internet connection as a precaution. Has he breached my computer in any way by me opening windows Logo R and typing in EVENTVWR then pressing OK
Setsuko says:
I think if you go into any IT dept anymore you’ll see less of the total nerd but more just normal average guys. Long gone are the days when only the really nerdy had computers, most you people today grew up with a computer in there homes. A lot of the animosity between users and Programmers come from them thinking something should be easy when in reality its not. Programmers tend to get moody too. when you’ve created a application that cures cancer or solves world hunger, and they complain about the button colors.
Sweetpea says:
This just happened to my grandma on 12/6/2016.
josephine1834 says:
I had someone call who threatened to disconnect my internet service if I didn’t do as he wanted. He said he was from Telstra.
I called his bluff and said, “Yes, that’s OK. Go ahead”. He never rang back. Not that one anyway. I did get the Win+R recently.
Ok. So no one has actually done the window + r. Well my computer was locked on a red screen with a pop up window and a “google” number to call. Computer was frozen to protect passwords. Called the number, windows+r, she gave me a passcode to access remotely. Showed on screen that my security was off and showed 9 people on my ip address (hackers). Then i needed to pay 100 to remove the virus. I didnt. My security isnt detecting any viruses or malware. So what exactly went on with the whole window +r thing?
R. J. says:
When I get the scam calls I just act dumb leading them on to the point they are so frustrated with me they hang up. I act afraid that the virus they told me will infect me etc. I go on about my “window” (monitor) smoking and my neighbor unplugging it. I have to go buy a new “flat window” but still can’t get pretty color pictures on it. I still only have a C:> on it. By this time they had the supervisor on to “help” me and he tells me my computer is too old and hangs up.
Blanco says:
Just received the same called..and I knew it was a scam but I was just playing along..when he asked me what to do, then he asked what do you see now on your scren after pressing the window logo + R? I said, I see some kind of a code on my screen..then I spelled it to him..it says.. 1 D 1 0 T ..too bad he didnt get it what it means..lol
R. Harris says:
I live in the UK and have just had one of these Windows + r calls. Strung the guy along for a while before telling him to go and do something physically and biologically impossible.
Just got the call here in Charleston, SC
number was 1-510-717-9101
I acted very very concerned…Told him to hold on while I press the windows + R button, played the phone down on mute….When he said hello mam after about 3 minutes, I said hold on its taking a minute and put him on mute again…I tied him up about 10 minutes…Thats at least a few callers he won’t get to bother…..UGH!!!!
A. Ramirez says:
Just got a call from “HP” to fix my virus they told me to do this step, so I googled it and found this. I though it was suspicios, good thing I called.
Miriam English says:
I just had one of these phone scammers call too. I run Linux on my computer so I couldn’t really string him along, not that I would have downloaded and run the remote control program he would have asked me to, even if I did have a Microsoft Windows machine.
I asked the heavily accented Indian guy if his mother was proud of him stealing money from people and pointed out that not everybody in Australia is rich, that I live below the poverty line and he’s trying to steal money from me? Then I hung up.
It horrifies me that they think it’s okay to steal from people. I know elderly pensioners who have lost money they can’t afford to lose because of these people. I wonder how they rationalise it to themselves.
DR says:
I Just got a call too. Just hung up
Nigel Gunn says:
Windows key plus R does nothing on this computer although the Windows key on it’s own brings up the start menu.
How come I never get an Indian guy to play with?
Mrs Janet Wilkin says:
You can have mine for free! They ring me every morning around 8.30 am UK time, sometimes other times as well. I play if I’ve nothing better to do or hang up if I’m busy.
I had one of these calls, went along with him for quite some time…after about 15 minutes he ask me what my screen was reading. I told him it said “you are an f***ing idiot”…he called me a b*tch. I was quite shocked.
Just had another one tonight, told him I had to do something and I would be right back, he was so sure he was going to scam me he stayed on the line for about 15 minutes… they can be fun! Too bad some people actually believe them and get scammed.
Lt. Bromhead says:
Just got a call from this number about 2 hrs ago… A man with a very strong East Indian accent (think Pakistani or Indian) who told me he was calling from “Windows” re my computer sending error messages to Microsoft… said he was calling to help me find out what the problem was… after I feigned not understanding him due to his thick accent, he put on another person who said he was the first guy’s supervisor… after I told him I could not understand him either, the second guy put on a third guy who had very good English, also with an East Indian accent. This guy wanted me to depress the fn and r keys on my computer keyboard… I played along but didn’t actually do so… after about ten minutes, the guy finally figured out I was messing with him… he then began to use extremely foul language, including calling me a “f$@!ing American” several times… I then calmly switched to Spanish and began to speak to him in Spanish as he continued to insult me … he then hung up…
Obviously this scam is alive and well. Just got a call from ‘windows’ about some hacker reports they were receiving. I wish I had thought to reprimand her. Hard indian accent. Oh well. Hung up. All good.
AGC says:
Got 4 calls, all the same story, heavy Indian accent, from Microsoft, my computer sending error messages, click the Windows key and the R at same time. I started talking to him like a very old lady who could not understand why my computer was sending wrong messages when I had nothing other than email. He insisted, thought I was fair game!, after wasting more than 15 minutes he got impatient and I asked why he kept saying something about Windows?? cause my windows were closed and the only thing on my computer was a half eaten Apple. He got very upset and hung-up. Then not even 10 minutes passed I got another call from same Indian saying he was calling from Apple Computer, I just busted laughing, couldn’t hold it~ he then proceeded to be sarcastic and saying explicit sexual language. I hung up!
Claudio says:
They tried with me today.
While on the phone I google windows key + r and straight away found it was a scam.
How they associate our phone number to our IP address, does it means they already installed the rootkit on my computer.
I think is time for a new formatting.
Martyn Robinson says:
This is happening in Felixstowe right now.
JSmith says:
I just got a call and he said he worked for Microsoft and wanted to prove to me that he was looking at my computer and had my computer number. I said my IP address he said yeah that one. He said let me show you proof so you feel more comfortable. He said push the windows key and R at the same time. I said can’t I just look under my battery and you read it back to me? He said no I will show you real quick just push the windows key and R. I said I don’t understand what’s going on I worked all night and just went to bed so you will have to call back later. He said it only takes a second did you push it your information is about to be stolen you need to hurry. I was thinking yeah its about to be stolen real quick! Like as soon as I push this key! I didn’t push anything and told him to call back at 6 or 7 tonight and he said ok and hung up! We will see if he calls back. I opened my computer and run a full scan and everything was fine. While it was running I got on my phone and did a search of callers telling to push windows and R and all kinds of sh!t popped up about a scam. DaMN the IRS called last week said I had a warrant for my arrest and now my computer is being hacked! They are working all the angles, lazy ff#!$&!! Get a job
Julia Kropiewnicki says:
just got a scam call! told me to press windows+r and i didnt!
KJo says:
Just got the same call. Foreigner I could barely understand. I told him I couldn’t understand a word he was saying (truth #1)…so he started talking louder in the same gibberish. Told me to press Ctrl R–I said I did (lie #1). He asked what I saw on my screen, and I said my desktop (lie #2). I said I had a call coming in and would need to call him back (lie #3). He said his name was Mac Johnson (lie #4) with Microsoft (lie #5) and I should heed his warnings or something bad was going to happen to the information on my PC (lie #6). They must think we’re idiots. Sad that people who don’t understand computers (and lying/cheating scammers) would fall for this. And how funny, JSmith! I got the same call 2 weeks ago from the IRS and have a warrant out for my arrest. They’re also coming to get my house, car and everything else I own. Guess that means the IRS will confiscate my computer. That’s OK, it apparently has a virus according to Mac Johnson.
Colly0801 says:
My wife had one of these this afternoon,we are in the UK, it was really funny coz she kept the lady with the really heavy accent on the phone for ages. she was asked to press the windows key and R and was asked what she could see, “Nothing has changed ” said my wife. The Indian lady then became helpful and tried this over and over for ages until my wife then announced that all the computers in our house are all using Linux Mint. The Indian lady was totally confused and kept repeating …” what is Linux Mint ? ” .” what is Linux Mint ? ” she obviously has never heard of it. My wife then hung up on her because we have a life LOL.
Kelly Tyner says:
This scam has been going on for many years. I first noticed the hackers back in 2007. So I’ve had hackers for 10 years. They always ask first, “are you near to your computer?” They like to say they work for Microsoft or windows. What I do when they call, is to put them on hold “temporarily; then I pick up the phone every few minutes to see if they are still there. After playing with them like a fish on a line, I hang up on them. I have other ways to play with them that I cannot mention here (because they are probably watching me write at this moment. Call the police and make a report. At least you will have it documented if they ever get away with your stuff. The police probably won’t do anything unfortunately. But this is INTERNATIONAL CYBER CRIME and can be reported to the FCC. Good Luck, let’s get these b——s!
Scam is still running, today my Servicedesk environment twice got the call (only one number for them, so they are stubborn).
Only 30 minutes ago, I got the call…they will just go through their script, because I was replying in dutch. Told them my computer was off. She insisted I pressed the windows + R key (after asking me if I had a CTRL key, to which I replied, yes and a shift and alt and.. no no, just the ctrl, what key was next to it? The flag key lol.). Even while I told her in dutch the PC was off. As it dawned to me I was answering my cellphone, I hung up, but I am pretty sure they will try again, as my colleague got it twice, with about 2 hours between. I will play it out. Not sure if I go the Linux version or I am going to use an IP of the FBI. 😛
George Harvey says:
Just had the most amazing time with these guys over the phone. I’m sure I’ve made him a fan of Patrice Rushen however I even took the song back to the good bit for him just to listen too.
Not too sure how he felt about Alicia Myers though as he started to tell me not to waste his precious time. All we know is he talks good S*** and he isn’t a friend but, what we do know is he has a mixed taste in music.
Tracy Woodward says:
I got a call today about this very scam. When we got to the part about entering and running program I said yeah, I’m not going to do that I am not stupid. He replied by saying I am spending my precious time to help a stupid mother effing woman like you fix your computer which has a very bad virus…WHOAH!!! Seriously? First of if you were really customer service trying to help me you surely would not speak to me that way so thank you for you time and hung up. They just will stop at nothing. It is obviously still working and they are still making money off people or they would not still be doing it. This call call from New York but both men had very thick accents…possibly indian but I am no expert.
0870 444181 – The number was withheld but the caller reluctantly gave me it when I asked.
‘Mark’ (Indian / Asian accent) was calling from ‘BT technical services’ – I have been downloading malicious files, apparently.
Couldn’t answer my question about why this only applies to my Windows computer when I use my Apple one more.
When I asked him a question he clearly had to go back and read from his script.
Wanted me to press Windows+R. Told him to kindly remove my number from his call list (and a few other things besides)!
The most ambitious and least successful con artists.
I had a call tell me I had a problem with my windows and I said yes I order 10 of them for my house and they haven’t arrived yet. He kept saying my windows and I kept saying that I was waiting to get them so I can put then on my house and he replied go ****yourself. Hahaha hahaha
Just got a call from a “BT guy”. My BT connection is not working so well, isn’t it? Ups and downs? Told to press windows + R.
got the call from windows to fix a virus that was infecting our computer. my wife played dumb and led her on for 10 minutes and then told her to call back, which she did about 10 minutes later and again my wife played dumb again and wasted another 10 + minutes of her time and was still able to get her to call back again . Then I took the call and played with her for another good 10 minutes finally getting her frustrated enough that she was going to hang up at which point we told her that we were not idiots and that she was a piece of s!@t . She called us the same..lol
Mike Toreno says:
Look up relevant videos on youtube to see ways people deal with these people – if you have some spare time you can have fun. Mine threw the hook out of her mouth much sooner than I would have liked, but I did ask her which computer are you talking about and when she said type “a as in alpha”, I said “a as in what?” and tried to get her to spell “alpha”
I got greedy and told her I just had a power failure but the power company said the power should come back on in 30 minutes, could she stay on the line.
She hung up
The scam is alive and well. I just had the same experience as many others who have commented on this blog. I knew it was a scam from the beginning and was curious to hear the guy’s line about what to do next. I let him walk me through much of it, though I wasn’t doing what he asked. We spent about 10 minutes on the phone. When I asked to call him back to finish up, he abruptly ended the call and accused me of “wasting” HIS time. Another indignant scam artist. I hope I put a speed bump in his day.
Warning: These people who ask you to run any command are scam artists!!!!!!!! They are not legitimate and will not willingly remove you from their calling list either. It is a shame that they continue to prey on people. They do not respect the “do not call” list in Canada. Ignore these people. Give them a piece of your mind then hang up.
Retired says:
Better yet, get a marine signal horn and give them a blast, or scream a high-pitched scream into the phone. This works especially well if you cover the phone as you speak so they have to hug their earpieces close to their ears.
Just had one of these calls I have windows error ok
played along I said I don’t know it`s not working can it be that I’m not running windows you DF I’m using Linux.
ICT bedrijven Almere says:
Thank you for the information. Ӏt helped alot!
I got a call today 07/25/17..number that came up on my phone was 226-235-48 all my calls are recorded and yes she started to ask me to press the windows button then letter r at that point I told her the call was being recorded and she said that’s fine..call then went dead..what a scam but hard luck it didn’t work on me!!
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Routinely get calls from people who all speak with Indian accents. When they ask me to hit windows+r, I either do nothing but tell them I did it, and keep them on the phone as long as I can, or else I call them a scammer and blast a marine signal horn into the phone. They never learn!
PS – does anyone know how we can pull a reverse on them and plant a virus on THEIR computers?
These people did not call me, but did freeze my screen with a Call Microsoft @ xxx-×××-×××× You have a Trojan malware issue! ” Back screen was red and scary. …I called thinking this may be real….lol. Wasted as much of his time as I could. He had the balls to call and attempt to harass me for the next 10 minutes. Unplugged the phone!
North Hollywood Weed says:
I found your blogs on my Facebook feed. You have a great sense of humor.
Holloweed says:
LOL! Just receive one this morning from 323-583-1220. I played along, and wasted 15 minutes of his time. I kept asking him to repeat the instructions, and he finally hanged up.
I just say I don’t have a computer then they hang up on you.
Just got a call. They called my cell 3-4 times yesterday. Caller ID says unknown. So I answered today so they would quit calling. Very thick accents. Could hardly understand them. They seemed to have my IP address. Got a phone number and a company they said they were working for Avangate 510-24-8553 … claimed to be working for the US Govt and not scammers. Wanted me to press the windows key and D R. I hung up on them once. They called back immediately 2 x’s. I didn’t answer. On the 3rd ring I answered to try to get more info … which I did. Then I told them I had an emergency and needed to get off the phone. Then I called the Atty General’s office with the info I got. They haven’t called back.
I did one better than all of you. When the heavily-accented voice on the phone told me this, I told him: “I am well aware of your scam. Now, I have some pictures of your mother f^%king a horse. Shall I put them up on the Internet, or do you want to buy them?” His response: [click] I probably won’t hear from him again.
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Merlin says:
These domains will sell fast. Buy before your competition does. >>http://stores.ebay.com/PremiumgTLDs?_rdc=1
Taty says:
Just had this call to my work phone. I immediately knew it was a scam and played along asking stupid questions along the way. Eventually I was just like “you know you’re calling a company with an IT dept. right?” and he yelled “Shut up! Stop wasting my time!” I laughed and said “well F*** you and stop wasting mine!!” Hung up and had a good laugh about it. These people are such scum!!
jamesup says:
I just received a call from a “Dell” representative saying that Dell had information that my computer had been contaminated and that I should press the “Windows + R” keys so that the condition could be repaired. I then hung up the phone and didn’t perform what he asked. From my reading of comments all people who have received such a call have hung up. No one has complied with the caller’s instructions. I would like to hear from someone who complied with the caller and learn what the outcome was from doing that.
INi says:
Just had this call. I knew immediately it was a scam. But fortunately I had some time to spare. So I played stupid and let guy to guide me through. I was not even on my computer, but thank remembered how it would go
He spent something like 20 minutes with me. I was happy that I was able to consume his time away from people who might fall into that
Eventually he hang up with me, out of frustration I would guess.
BigDick says:
I just had this call also, would knot Identify but demanded that I do a windows R so that my computer would not have a problem.
Barbar Greene says:
Was called about an emergency from /windows. An older lady?? informed me that my windows key had expired. The phone # was 1-877-801-4940. Anyone know about this problem??? Did Not call back
I am in UK and get a call on the landline probably daily, sometimes more than once a day. Normally the caller is shown as “Withheld” but quite often the number of the caller is shown. Today I had one supposedly from British Telecom, telling me there’s a fault in my internet system and I would be cut off for about 4 weeks. I pretended to be ignorant and asked what I could do and it got to the point when they wanted me to type Windows key+R and I pretended a lot of numbers had come up and was told I had made a mistake. At that point I had had enough and rang off. Obviously they thought they were on a winner, as they rang back five times!
BT say they take security “extremely seriously” but not much seems to be happeneing. How do the scammers get the numbers they use to call people and, if one records callers’ numbers (which I do sometimes) why cannot they be caught?
Sam Deal says:
Rec’d a call from 284-334-9628 – claiming to be from Microsoft. He wanted me to press window + R. I told him I did it and he asked what I saw, I said a dog. Then he said do it again what do you see… I said I see another dog. He got angrier every time he told me to do it again and every time I told him that I saw another dog. Then he wanted me to shut down and restart. I asked why, it was already on, why would I want to shut down and turn it on when it was already on. This went on for 10 minutes. Then he said you must listen to me as he got more and more frustrated. He said I must shut down and restart. I said I could not I was in the middle of something. This went back and forth for 5 min or so… I just kept him on the phone to keep him from calling others. Then I asked him how he felt about trying to take advantage of unsuspecting people. I asked him if still has a soul or if he had sold it. He said I will keep calling you until you do what I tell you…
5 calls today – from Windows lol
I messed with them for a long time – same level of frustration from them as you got. They all hung up on me
I got one of those calls and I did the windows key+r and typed in the website they asked me to enter but I stopped after that. Should I be worried?
I just got this call. I fucked around with the foreigner and wasted as much of his time as I could until he got frustrated and hung up on me.
I’ve received FIVE phone calls today (11/17/17) from east indians with extremley heavy accents – with names like Bob and Chad and Lisa LOL. Each one of them, when I can actually understand them and hear them over all the other people trying to get poor suckers to follow their directions, have wanted me to press the windows button and the F key – I’ve strung them along so badly that they just hang up.
And they have all claimed to be calling from Windows.
WINDOWS! hahahaha who the hell has ever received a call from Windows?!
Marcy Schaaf says:
Just got a call. Claiming my computer has a virus and he was calling to help me fix it. Only problem is I don’t own a computer! I asked if he was a telemarketer and was told no it was a service call. I asked for the main office phone # which he gave. I informed him I was recording the conversation with the intent to sue. He hung up
While it is amusing to see all the “just hang up” comments above, does anyone have advice what I should do because I didn’t hang up? Yep, pressed windows r. Now I’m afraid to reconnect to the internet.
Dorothy Mikado says:
Nothing will happen.
Just had the call from “BT technical support”. Said corrupted files were downloaded without my knowledge and if i gave my BT account number they would fix it remotely, otherwise my internet connection would becut for 60 days – oh dear! I said id call BT myself to check but she wasnt keen for me to do that so i cut the call. BT said they would never do this and it is a scammer calling. Looks like they are trying variations on the old scam so beware all you good people out there!
Just got the Windows + R call. I was able to waste about 15 minutes of his time pretending to follow his instructions. I laughed so hard a couple of times that he said, “what you are laughing about” even though I said, “you’re trying to scam me and it’s hilarious”, he continued. In the end I said, “Ok, now I need you to press the keys that I tell YOU to press”. I said, “press the F key. Now Press the U key. Now begin to lick your own keyboard”. He hung up on me. HA! Fun.
Windows + R call – Indian accent – purporting to be calling from Spark about my Internet connection having been hacked. I kept her going for about 5 minutes by telling her I had 5 machines (true) and which one was the problem? Then got the ‘supervisor’ – also a strong Indian accent. Kept him going for about 5 minutes then got bored. They rang back 3 more times, so I left the phone off the hook – that seemed to get the message across. Watch out New Zealand – we seem be the new target!
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Brian Malloy says:
Someone earlier asked how these scammers got their phone number and someone else responded that it was probably at random. Check this out – I set up a relatives brand new tablet running Windows 10 today. After connecting to our home WiFi network and going through the setup questions – that include a request for a telephone number – the phone rang and the scammer began his pitch. This was NOT a random call, it was as a direct result of me entering the number into the tablet during the startup process. It was so soon after entering it the windows update was only 5% downloaded. Either the tablet was already hacked or the scammers have access to Microsoft’s database somehow.
My 12 year old son wanted to scam the scammers. He researched for scam numbers and we called so many of them, 10 to 20 minutes each call, a total of 10 calls. We didn’t think to record them all, we just wanted to waste their time, and do what they do to good people. So, we only recorded one.
The link I’m posting was about 5 minutes into the call before we started recording it. The recording is 10 minutes, and it’s my 12 year old son and I and we’re in our pajamas, forgive my messy appearance! LOL
I pretended to be from Tennessee and had a thick accent. Enjoy!!
https://youtu.be/SKfru24TDSk
OMG, sooooo funny dude. Watch it til the end, too funny!
Kathey says:
I just received a call from 530-336-6682 a guy with an India accent,,,,claimed he was from Microsoft and he needed me to hit the windows key + R. I told him I wasn’t going to do it. He He proceeded to assure me by giving me an employee ID # WTD4632. Lol, I told him I wasn’t stupid enough to let a foreigner access my computer or anyone for that matter unless I had called Microsoft with a problem to start with. He kept insisting I needed to do this to protect my computer. I finally told him to go suck some foreign nuts and a dick if he liked but I was not stupid enough to do this. He decided he would hang up on me! Lmao!
Z Longstaff says:
i just had a call this morning telling me to press windows + r and then enter eventvwr on the box.
they claim to be calling from my service provided BT. I asked where they are and why there is no caller id on my phone. They claim to be in London, but I can hear a lot of Indian speaking in the background.
I asked them to give me their telephone number so I can call them back and they wouldnt but kept insisting they are in London.
Beware! they might even put a virus in your laptop, so they can sell you something to clear it.
Scam is still going strong. I received a call from “Robert Johnson” (with an Indian accent) from Microsoft telling me they detected suspicious activity on my computer. Idiots!
+1 (315) 653-5458 Started calling me since the mornin
I strung them along before telling them I run Linux not windows and have no windows key. Next time they call I have an air horn I will respond with
Got a call from a Indian guy saying he was a “Microsoft support”. He said there was someone trying to hack my computer. I told him i had the anti virus webroot and he said that wasn’t enough protection so he wanted me to push “windows start button and R” on the key board at the same time. I asked him to tell me what would happen and he kept refusing to tell me. I told him i wouldn’t do what he said unless he told me what will happen. Then he said “F**k you and go to hell” then proceeded to hang up on me. lol
Lmfao I just got a call, they started with the viruses thing and said they was from windows and needed to help me remove it. They asked me to press the windows key and R. I said ok. He said do you see the black box.. I said sure he said delete everything in it and type CMD R like in Russia. I said ok. Then he said can you read that. I said yes what is going on lol he said I’m hacking you and in two hours I will have all your info. I just laughed and laughed. I said ok then I will hang up now call me back and let me know how this works for you…. I never typed in anything. In fact the funniest thing is I don’t have a PC I have an iPad lmfao.
Asking questions are in fact good thing if you are not understanding anything completely, except this paragraph gives pleasant understanding even.
had a call this morning, Indian guy. I live in central London I asked was he , his reply yes he was from TalkTalk he wanted to check my computer.
I was extremely polite and said I was delighted for his customer care call. He said to go and press the microsoft key and r. I put this into my Google browser and it came up as a scam.
Meanwhile the caller was asking frantically what is the computer screen saying?
I replied its saying you’re a scam merchant.
In his unbelievable soft butter wouldn’t melt in my mouth tone no I’m not, so I then hung up.
John Mckay says:
And so it continues, just had a similar call saying he was from BT Open Rich he tried for ages to get me to hit window key R, after a bit fun I eventually said I hadn’t heard of BT Open Rich he told me I wasn’t from the UK if I hadn’t heard of them, got bored hung up
I rang BT after such a scam phone call and they put me on a protected call scheme where both the number they called from today and any other numbers they use in the future are blocked.
Tony Frenden says:
I got this call just today at work. I really tried to humor him and string him along, but honestly, his English was so bad, neither of us could understand either of us. He definitely wanted me to press the windows key and “R”, but thats as far we we got before i lost patience. I was like, “Can we just cut to the chase, and i send you some money?”, and he was like “huh?” How does he think he can scam somebody without even being able to string a few sentences together? The number on the caller ID shows as 714 951 2870, out of Brooklyn.
Barry Carvin says:
Thank you for this information. I frustrated the hell out of the Indian man on the phone until he got so angry he started yelling. I then abruptly told him to get well and truely F@$%ED.
I just received a call also wasted his time for 20 to 30 minutes. I told him pushing the windows and R did nothing, he then wanted me to open chrome but I told him I’m old and my son works on this slow computer most of the time ( not really old) I told him i had an E on ththe bottom he told me to open that Internet explorer. (told him it’s slow to open wasting more time) once i told him it was open he wanted me to type in “121SAFE.ML” He then asked me what came up, and i said it says “Stop wasting my f*ing time don’t call me again” They have called me for the last 3 days
jack straw says:
A woman with an Indian ((India)) accent called me today
and tried pulling this scam on me.
I led her on for 15 minutes B4 telling her to go EFF herself
Jenny Henson says:
I have upteen calls from “BT Open Reach” about my broadband. Usually I just tell them to take me off the list and go away but on the third call today!!!!! I let the man witter on for a bit. He wanted to tell me about the problems I have on the internet and how I should press the windows button plus R. When I explained I had not intention of giving his remote access or doing anything on my PC that he directed, and I had reported the calls to TPS, he said “good luck with that” and got a bit shirty. I hung up. Still trying to pull this scam.
I got one of these calls yesterday. The person supposedly from “Windows” spoke some English and the words were very hard to understand (instead of virus I was hearing “wires”??) When I asked for his name he said: “Frank Williams” – NO WAY! They wanted $235 to fix a problem that didn’t exist in my computer. The number they called me from is: 291-171-9570
Art Chester says:
DIFFERENT SCAM THAN DISCUSSED ABOVE. Today I saw a sponsored ad featuring a recipe on Facebook. I clicked the link, got a webpage to which my computer added a message: unsafe webpage, click here to close it. In front of my computer’s message was a red banner telling me to call a number for computer support. My computer would not respond to any keyboard commands, the red banner had frozen the screen. I called the number, a man with an Indian access identified himself as computer support. He asked whether I was using a laptop or desktop and how old it was. I said laptop, 2 years. He instructed me to type Windows-R. I said, what will that do? He refused to tell me. I kept pressing him. Eventually he said, if you don’t do exactly what I tell you I can’t help you, you’ll have to go to your computer store. I said, I see that you can’t help me. I hung up. I had to hard-boot the computer. It came up normally after processing some software updates. Opened Norton, all normal. Ran a quick antivirus scan, no problems seen. I added a warning comment on the Facebook ad, then reported it as spam/misleading, they give no way to explain. BEWARE. It’s not always a phone call that you get.
humphrey kynaston says:
Just received a call from an Asian sounding lady claiming to be from BT and quoting the usual windows start key and letter R. She claimed that my internet and home phone would be cut off tomorrow if I did not carry out her instructions.
Telephone number called from was 014883444633
Eventually hung up.
Caller immediately recalled me and launched into a foul mouthed rant.
Just commenting to say this scam is still running. Received a call today about it. I had no intentions of following through with it, but I played along to see what their end game was. He figured it out and hung up on me first.
I didn’t get a call….My dumb butt called the number and ended up giving them access. what do I do now?
Deliana Noel says:
Just got that call. Told them they were full of it (and a bunch more stuff…) and hung up, they called back THREE more times, the last two times from blocked numbers.
Joe C says:
Just got a call from them today. Somewhere in Tennessee. Kept them on the phone for a good 15 minutes. LOL
Don Greenberg says:
The scam is still going strong today! I like to keep them on the phone as long as possible so they won’t scam someone else.
This last time I kept telling him nothing was happening when I pressed the Windows key & “R”.
He said: “what do you see on the screen?”
Me: “Nothing”
Him: “Nothing?”
Me: “Yeah, it’s blank”
Him: “It’s Blank?”
Me: “Yeah the computer is turned off.”
Him: “Well turn it on!”
Me: “Why? You’re just some ahole scam artist!”
Him: Unprintable is a family environment!
Michel M Francis says:
This just happened to me as well… what the heck?!! I let him think he was guiding me through the steps and everytime I gave him a wrong answer to what he was asking he would get really annoyed… fact… if they are scamming you then they definitely are going to be impatient… call came from 925 area code Bay Area California…
So it keeps happening – now saying they are calling from a telco and when pretend to follow directions – then say I have a clear screen they hang up on you now. Silly
alan hare says:
just had one from amazon saying someone tried to log into my account and buy a smart phone he told me to press windows key & r so i put the phone down
Brenda Biggs says:
I just had one of these calls in Sept.. 2020. They are saying that I paid for some kind of security service when I purchased my computer and that it is no longer supported and they want to give me a refund after removing it from the system. I also did not make any changes to my account and i called my real security provider to make sure my systems are working correctly! Turns out it does need updates but I know these updates will come directly from my internet security provider!
Jayne G says:
I just received a call today 12/15/2020 from “Amazon Cyber Security” stating someone in Mexico has purchased a $400 giftcard using my Amazon account. Checked Amazon, no suspicious emails. He asked me to check the settings on my computer. I asked what this had to do with Amazon? He said I may have clicked a suspicious link in an email and he had to check my computer settings. Told me to press Windows + R. I told him I was at work and would have to go and call him back and asked for a callback number. He got very agitated and said no, and asked for a time it would be convenient for HIM to call ME back. I said no, and again insisted on getting his name and callback number. He said his number was 202-301-7948 and his name was Kevin Lee. I tried calling the number and just get a busy tone. Total scam. What’s weird is its Christmastime so I had JUST placed an Amazon order for last minute gifts.
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Windows keystrokes and keyboard tricks and tips that you can use to save time
Archives Select Month April 2017 July 2015 December 2011 July 2011 June 2009 March 2009 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 November 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007
ion casino on F5 (or Ctrl+G): In Word and Excel, Go To a location
Jayne G on Windows key+R: Run / Suspicious calls to “fix Windows”
Francis on Windows key+R: Run / Suspicious calls to “fix Windows”
asdf on Ctrl+0: Hide Columns in Excel (Ctrl+Shift+0 to Unhide Columns)
Tarun kumar on Windows key+L: Lock desktop
Namita Khalgone on Ctrl+Shift+N: Start incognito session in a new window in Google Chrome
Brenda Biggs on Windows key+R: Run / Suspicious calls to “fix Windows”
rambling ramul on Ctrl+Shift+N: Start incognito session in a new window in Google Chrome
alan hare on Windows key+R: Run / Suspicious calls to “fix Windows”
Karthika v on Ctrl+Shift+N: Start incognito session in a new window in Google Chrome
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Tiger King Lioness Has Surgery At OSU
Photo: OSU
Doctors at Oregon State University’s veterinary hospital are well-versed in spaying and neutering pets, but they had their hands full on Monday when an extra-large patient came in for her appointment.
Chobe the lioness, who was rescued from “Tiger King” Joe Exotic’s Oklahoma facility in 2018 and now lives at the WildCat Ridge Sanctuary in Scotts Mills, was brought in for a CT scan at the Lois Bates Acheson Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
The scan revealed a distended uterus caused by an infection. Pyometra is a fairly common infection among female big cats in captivity, said Dr. Katy Townsend, an associate professor of small animal surgery in the Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine and the surgeon who operated on Chobe. The lioness’ surgery involved removing both her uterus and ovaries.
“Essentially it’s just like doing a cat spay, but on a mega scale,” Townsend said. “Surgery went really well; we were able to cleanly get everything out in a short amount of time. We expect her to make a full recovery from this.”
It can be challenging to get big cats to take pain medication, so the surgical team used a three-day local anesthetic during the procedure to help Chobe get the pain relief she’ll need in the days to come, Townsend said.
Left untreated, pyometra can lead to serious problems. Fortunately, staff at the WildCat Ridge Sanctuary knew the warning signs, because their white Bengal tiger had the same infection a few years ago and was also treated by Townsend at OSU.
Keepers noticed that Chobe wasn’t eating and was experiencing some discharge, so they knew something was wrong, said Ian Ford, sanctuary executive assistant.
“We're hoping that this surgery is going to make sure that everything’s OK for her, and she can get back to just living her life in peace and happiness, which is the only thing that we want for all of our residents,” Ford said.
Ford said that due to inbreeding at Joe Exotic’s facility, Chobe is a “mismatch of genetics” and a little stubby in appearance — “like a giant guinea pig” — but a very sweet and expressive animal. She came to the Oregon sanctuary in mid-2019.
Ford said he was looking forward to seeing the 5-year-old lioness back to normal: “Just having her roll around in the grass with her buddy Kariba and back to getting her paws up in the air and just enjoying herself.”
Source: Oregon State University
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Home » News » Defense » Do the earliest Arleigh Burke-class destroyers still have legs? The US Navy thinks so.
Do the earliest Arleigh Burke-class destroyers still have legs? The US Navy thinks so.
by 1buv|Published January 13, 2021
Between 1991, when the Navy commissioned the USS Arleigh Burke, and 1998, when it commissioned the USS Mahan, the service built the class at a pace of three per year. Now, as those ships are bearing down on their 35-year expected hull life, the Navy wants to grow its fleet, but it lacks the budget and capacity to modernize those first 21 ships to the latest configurations.
So while the fleet will try to keep them around as long as possible, it will have to get creative in its problem-solving approach, said Vice Adm. James Kilby, the Navy’s top requirements officer.
“We built our DDGs faster than we can modernize given the budget today,” Kilby said in a virtual Q&A at the Surface Navy Association’s annual symposium. “So we made a decision some years ago, they leave 21 ships in their current state and continue to work on them but not modernize them in the [latest Aegis] configuration. I have [the surface warfare director, Rear Adm. Paul Schlise], working on a number of things that we want to keep relevant for as long as possible, and I think they will be relevant for a long time.”
The service is exploring using the first 21 Flight I DDGs as a platform for a new kind of UAV, Kilby said.
While Kilby did not offer specifics on the new drone, getting sensors aloft and improving the U.S surface fleet’s intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities will be a priority in the coming years as it faces off against a growing Chinese fleet.
The approach, Kilby said, will involve doing as much as the Navy can to keep the ships operating and relevant, even if they can’t get the full overhaul needed to be brought up to present-day standards.
“We need to keep those ships because they do add considerable value to us, even if we can’t afford to modernize them because it’s too costly or too lengthy to put them in an overhaul,” Kilby said. “We need them operating in the fleet.”
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24 fingers teams up with Microsoft for a series of joint workshops aimed at entrepreneurs
Home>24 Fingers Blog, Business Planning, Facebook, Tech>24 fingers teams up with Microsoft for a series of joint workshops aimed at entrepreneurs
Lennon and McCartney. Emma and Kathy. Steve Jobs and Wozniak. They are among some of the world’s greatest partnerships, creating music, movie characters and must-have technology that brightened the four corners of the world.
24 fingers aims to bring a little illumination too, with our latest collaboration. We’ve teamed up with the Microsoft Experience Centre in London to offer a series of free joint workshops which launch next month.
The first event kicks off on November 4th, and takes a one-hour look at world-class hacks for young professionals. Want to know how to write a kick-ass CV using Word, or create a PowerPoint presentation that will blow a prospective boss’s socks off? This one’s for you.
The joint workshops with Microsoft run right through November, December and well into the New Year and will cover subjects including how to create a vision board using One Note, cybersecurity for small businesses – we reckon that one will be very popular – and empowering your small business.
Emma Goode of 24 fingers said: “We’re thrilled to partner with Microsoft on these joint workshops. It’s a fantastic opportunity for entrepreneurs to get to grips with their technology and learn new skills that will boost their businesses. We can’t wait to get started.”
You can check out our full list of events and workshops on Eventbrite, but don’t forget to sign up early and secure your place so you don’t miss out.
We’re 24 fingers, a digital marketing agency and a proud member of the Brentwood Chamber of Commerce, Excel Business Networking Group, the Trusted Business Community and the Organisation for Responsible Businesses. If you’re feeling all fingers and thumbs with your online marketing, use our hands (and hearts and minds) to get extra digits on your bottom line. Book your free strategy call here.
Scheenagh Harrington2020-10-28T15:07:28+00:00
About the Author: Scheenagh Harrington
Mum of three. Wife of one. Wordsmith. Living proof you can love Clive Barker and Jane Austen. Eater of (too) many cakes.
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Home Motivation Growth and Wellbeing The Algebra of Happiness
Learn the key ideas of the book by Scott Galloway
The Algebra of Happiness
A practical guide to life choices
The Algebra of Happiness is a compendium of anecdotes and conclusions drawn from the author’s years of life experience. It is a mix of life lessons and scientific data, offering pearls of wisdom on success at work, on how to find the right person to share your life with, on the best way to maintain long term relationships and on how to be a good parent and an example to your children.
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Scott Galloway is a professor at the Stern School of Business in the University of New York and he is the author of the best-seller The Four: The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google. As an entrepreneur he has founded nine companies, including L2, Red Envelope and Prophet, and has his own YouTube series called “Winners & Losers”, followed by tens of millions of users. In 2012 he was named one of the “World’s 50 Best Business School Professors” by Poets and Quants (a website that reviews and ranks business schools).
IDEA CHIAVE 1/6
Basic Equations: the formula for happiness is based on some key points of life experiences
Happiness is at its peak during childhood and adolescence. Between the ages of twenty and forty the problems of adulthood arise, such as stress at work and the death of loved ones, and they begin to slowly burst our happiness bubble. Happiness takes an upturn at around the age of fifty, accompanied by a new awareness that our lives are moving towards their end, so we begin to appreciate the blessings around us. Unhappiness and stress during adulthood are only a phase, we need to just accept them and carry on; happiness is out there waiting for us.
In the first years of our professional career, the work/life balance is simply a myth. If you want to achieve financial success, you need to accept the initial sacrifice in your personal life so that you can go on to enjoy greater balance in the future.
Time spent doing any sport instead of just watching it is an indicator of future success.
One of the most important choices that you make in life is not your career but the person that you choose to spend your life with. The three important themes to focus on when contemplating a long-lasting relationship are: passion, values and financial considerations; it is important that you and your partner share the same ideas about these issues in order for the relationship to be successful.
Economic growth is and will be focussed in the big cities for the next fifty years. It is important to get yourself there when you are young to capitalise on the financial opportunities these big cities have to offer.
There is a link between money and happiness, but the correlation lessons as the money increases. So we can say that a certain level of security is linked to money, but it is important to find out what really makes us happy so that we can dig deeper into it as early as possible.
Compound interest is a key element for young people and can be applied to both money and relationships. It is fruitful to spend a few minutes a day taking care of our relationships; at the beginning the payoff might not seem like much, but it grows with time.
Investing in experiences rather than things has a greater impact on our happiness.
Everyone will experience failure in their lives, but it doesn’t last long and is an integral part of the road to success. Likewise, our successes and failures are not completely dependent on us, which is why we need to take responsibility for our part whilst learning to forgive our mistakes and carry on with our lives.
The key ideas of "The Algebra of Happiness"
Success: a few ideas to create a kit for success and financial security
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A Ballet Education
An education in ballet, it's not just tutus and tiaras
A Ballet Network
The Ballet Clinic
Ballet Technique
Ballet Directory
Posted on February 21, 2016 February 21, 2016 by David King
A Night at the Ballet….
Saturday, February 20th at the Redondo Beach Performing Arts Center, Los Angeles Ballet world premiered Coleen Neary’s and Thordal Christensen’s Don Quixote. While the entire world seems to be doing Don Q this month, Los Angeles Ballet tackled this three-act ballet for their 10th season. The audience was filled, and there were very few seats left open in the house. Not that it was important but wearing Dolce never hurt anyone either. Which makes up for the 91 freeway being closed and because of traffic it took almost 3 hours to get there… But anyways…. Let us talk about a night at the ballet.
Don Quixote is no easy ballet to take on; especially for a smaller company like Los Angeles Ballet. Usually, Don Q require a ridiculously large cast…. Which brings me to my first comment of the evening… Some of the corps de ballet dancers looked overworked, but with that being said the corps de ballet held the ballet together. The amount of dancing they had to do was insane. Of the corps de ballet members, Jasmine Perry looked spectacular. She definitely has grown up a lot since graduating from SAB two years ago. Other than that corps member who did show a lot of promise last season is no longer with Los Angeles Ballet… (i.e.,: Chloe Sherman left for Silicon Valley Ballet, who premiered tonight in Diane and Acteon PDD. ) The corps felt very young, mature, but young.
Of the soloists, I was disappointed not to see Alexander Castillo…. more to come on this… Bianca Bulle was paired with Kate Highstrete as Kitri’s friends in ACT 1. The two were a stellar couple and seasoned LA BALLET members. Bianca then took on Queen of the Dryads in ACT 2. Gorgeous technique and musicality with flares of Balanchine port de bras here and there. Kate Highstrete took on the bridesmaid variation in ACT 3 with gorgeous jumps. Her ferociously long legs ate up the stage. Even with a small slip, she kept her cool and took all of her roles on ferociously. She also danced a principal dryad in ACT 2.
Principal Allyssa Bross was cast as Mercedes…. ehh nothing too exciting to report here or there. Did not dig her side ponytail…. I get they were trying to make her vampy… but it did not work. It just looked like some little girl hair style for ballet class. Her technique was flawless though, and she moved through the steps with ease. Definitely could up the sexy factor.
Dustin True was a great Gypsy solo man in the windmill scene. He brought flamboyancy and vigor to the role. Usually, this is the time I fall asleep in Don Q, but he was quite entertaining. Unfortunately principal dancer Zheng Hua Li was cast as the character role of Gamache so he didn’t dance the entire ballet…
Basilio was played by Kenta Shimizu who is now in his seventh season… He literally can do no wrong. All the bravura that is needed to do Basilio backed with strong technique and a calm approach to the role. But hands down the evening goes to Miss Julia Cinquemani… First I just want to say, normally I haven’t been a fan of her dancing, but it seems that Kitri/Dulcinea is the role she was born for and has created a new artistic maturity that is impossible to take your eyes off of. Her entrances in the first act were great, and the castanet variation was firey… The ACT 3 variation was clean and easy… But what was most impressive was her variation as Dulcinea was flawless…. It was so breathtaking. Every roll down was dream-like and suspended. It is everything that this variation should be. Her lines are still ridiculously high, but more refined now. Her attack is there, but now it is controlled. Her acting skills have improved and in ACT 3, her acting skills stole the show. It was funny and charming, sincere and realistic. Something that ballet should be.
Now time for the bad….. There were a lot of casting choices that I have no freaking clue why they were made…. Okay yes, I do. The artistic directors’ son, corps member Erik Thordal-Christensen was cast in Espada… It was sloppy, unrefined, immature and did I mention sloppy. The rest of the corps technique was flawless, turned out, stretched… and then there was him. This tall, elongated, uncontrolled blonde mess is running around the stage… I don’t know if because he is the son of the directors extra choreography was made around him but he danced probably just as much as Basilio…. And it wasn’t good. His costuming was better than Basilio’s as well…. But regardless… He was a mess. I’m sorry, but he has no business doing this role on the world premier night…Literally… they didn’t use Zheng Hua Li (a principal) or Alexander Castillo (soloist)…. seriously…. ballet faux pas…. don’t hire your kid…. #balletpolitics
Then in Amour/Cupid… 2nd-year corps member SarahAnne Perel was cast…. Which should not have happened… I get that Cupid always given to a short girl, but she is like tiny status. She looked like a little girl next to everyone else in the dream scene….. She was cute enough, but looked straight out of SAB….
The casting should have looked like:
Kitri: Julia Cinquemani
Basilio: Kenta Shimizu
Espada: Alexander Castillo (umm he’s Latin/Spanish boohoo Ummm hello….)
Mercedes: Allyssa Bross
Queen of the Dryads: Bianca Bulle
Amor/Cupid: Jasmine Perry
Bridesmaid: Kate Highstrete
Another issue with the ballet is that in the 3rd act tavern scene… they didn’t have the right size drops for the stage so you could see the hangers and the set behind the “tavern.” In the prologue where Don Q starts his dream… the set looked like some awful high school play. And the windmill looked like it came from a regional production of the Wizard of Oz.
Overall the performance was amazing, entertaining and shortened from the full version. Despite lacking live orchestra, the sound quality was great, and the dancing from the majority of the company was killer. The female corps de ballet at LA Ballet is by nature young and fresh (mostly out of SAB) but clean, controlled, turned out, and concise. The men in the corps de ballet have a lot of personality, but their body lines could be cleaned up. Which is probably hard to do this season as Los Angeles Ballet has hired all Balanchine dancers, but currently taking on the romantic classics this season. As Don Q is a technical showstopper, especially for Basilio, Mr. Shimizu put on a fantastic show. For this particular performance, hands down it goes to Julia Cinquemani for an almost near perfect rendition of Kitri. I just wish in the first act she wasn’t so refined and was more free spirited in her acting like in her ACT 3 version of the role. Act 1 could have been more playful in character, but she was absolutely a principal ballerina. Kate Highstrete, Bianca Bulle, and Allyssa Bross all were stunning and captivating in each of their roles. Chelsea Paige Johnston could definitely up her game as soloist in the company. She took on the Fandango role in Act 3 and as charming as it was… It came off as bad jazz/flamenco. Her partner Zachary Guthier was handsome and very regal in his approach. The acting roles of Don Quixote, Sancho Panza, Gamache all could have been cast as actual actors… Because they all needed to up their game as well…The ballet was overall amazing… Except the sour taste of the ADs’ son being cast in a principal/soloist role… It really did turn me off. You can catch Don Q over the next two weekends. Click here to buy tickets. And get ready for Romeo and Juliet. Hopefully, the casting will be better…. haha.
Categoriesa ballet education, los angeles, Ramblings Tagsa ballet education, alexander castillo, bainca bulle, ballerina, ballet, ballet review, best ballet blog, bianca bulle, don quixote, jasmine perry, julia cinquemani, kate highstrete, kenta shimizu, los angeles ballet, redondo performing arts center
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How To: Play "Romeo and Juliet" by Dire Straits on guitar
Want to impress your friends by whipping out your guitar and strumming some of their favorite tunes the next time you are at a party? This guitar lesson teaches you how to play the intro to "Romeo and Juliet" by Dire Straits using standard guitar tuning. Once you get a hang of these popular guitar chords and tunes, you can start incorporating them into your own songs. With this lesson and a bit of practice you will be able to play the intro to "Romeo and Juliet" by Dire Straits on the guitar. And who knows, maybe soon you can play lead guitar in a rock band!
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resilient_seed 11 years ago
you title it how to play, but you say nothing, give no cords, give no clear indication on picking, this is a rubbish post and I've seen you've put it on youtube too....
waste of time please remake video and actually speak or give us a slight idea!
I bring this message with love and peace! x
emphasis on Love and peace - what your doing is a really great thing and much appreciated if you can be more descript! :D
How To: Play "Highway to Hell" by AC/DC on acoustic guitar
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THE AC301
Who did .@ac_SGA crown as your new Mr. Assumption?
On November 23, 2014 November 24, 2014 By socialjournal301In Feature
By: Sara Heath
As about 130 students filed into the Laska Gymnasium on Saturday, November 22, nine of Assumption’s finest were waiting back stage, preparing for the competition of lifetime. Tonight they’d be competing for the coveted title of Mr. Assumption, an event sponsored by the Assumption College Student Government Association.
The pageant’s contestants, Darius Daniels, Miguel Duarte, Christian Malarsie, Kevin Swenson, Patrick Ryan, Anthony Iannone, Zack Szymkowicz, John Brand IV and Matt Drummond, each competed in the formal wear, beach wear, talent and interview portions of the event.
Although the talent competition displayed a myriad of hidden gems in the Assumption Community (I tip my cap to Patrick Ryan for his piano rendition of Celine Dion’s “My Heart Will Go On”) frontrunners started to appear. Between Miguel Duarte’s humility, Christian Malarsie’s comedy and Anthony and Matt’s smooth charisma on the stage, this was making out to be some stiff competition.
And then, during the interview portion of the competition, Anthony solidified himself as the competition’s favorite to win.
And his answer?
“I’d wish for all the younger kids out there to stay true to who they are… for all the evil to not be here… [and] for everyone to know that they are loved and they are never alone.”
After the interview portion, the hosts, senior Tony Fierimonte and junior Lauren McCarthy, explained to the audience that the winner would be selected by a combination of judges’ scores and votes text messaged in from the audience.
And so the texting commenced.
Tony and Lauren approached the stage once more to call out the contestants one final time. After they all lined the back of the stage, and the tension in the room was sufficiently high, they announced the runner up, freshman Matt Drummond.
Matt smiled to the crowd, accepted his prize gift basket, and stepped back in line. The air in the room was filled with eagerness and intensity as the audience awaited the crowning of their next Mr. Assumption. A drum roll sounded, and Student Government Association President Nicole Breen announced the winner, junior Anthony Iannone.
As a part of his duties as Mr. Assumption, Anthony will go on to represent the College at the Mr. Worcester Pageant held at the start of Spring semester. At the Mr. Worcester Pageant, Anthony will be competing against other pageant winners from the colleges in the Worcester Consortium.
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AIR Community
Freelancer Tools
AIR in the News
Any AIR member in good standing can apply to work with a mentor for one-on-one support with your skills or career every two years. AIR’s Mentorship program benefits both emerging producers still developing as well as mid-career and veteran producers seeking to refine and enhance their repertoire of tools.
Members have worked with mentors to develop strategies for pitching to a specific outlet, get focused feedback on a show or episode, improving interviewing techniques or research and investigative skills. Mentors can help you navigate the job search process or be more strategic about networking and cultivating relationships. AIR staff will guide and “match” prospective mentees with a mentor that best suits their goals for the mentorship. Mentors commit to spend a total of four remote hours in one-on-one meetings with mentees.
Here are a few things a mentor can help with:
Support with pitching to a particular outlet
Feedback on podcast episodes
Guidance or coaching to help strengthen interview techniques
Pointers to improve research and investigative skills
Navigating the job search process
Cultivating relationships and networking effectively.
Apply for a Mentor
You are welcome to apply for a mentor whether you are new to radio and podcasting or a veteran producer.
AIR members are asked to contribute a mentorship fee of up to $500 to cover the cost of compensating your mentor. We do have limited scholarships available to members who need support in order to access this benefit.
We value the rich expertise of our mentors. Whether you’ve been in the industry a long time or have a niche set of skills, we’d love to include you in our roster of industry experts. We work with each prospective mentee to find a mentor suited to their needs.
As a mentor you commit to four remote contact hours over approximately 90 days. Mentors are compensated $500 for each completed mentorship. If you think you can help a peer succeed in the industry, we’d love to have you as a mentor!
For more information on the mentorship program, please contact AIR's New Voices Director Tran Vu at [email protected].
I just joined AIR. How soon before I can apply for a mentorship?
AIR requires a three month waiting period before applying for a mentorship.
How can I apply for a mentor?
Fill out an application and AIR will be in touch within a week.
How long in between mentorships do I have to wait before participating again?
Preference will be given to those who are participating for the first time but members can apply as often as they like. Please note that we often maintain a waiting list.
I received a travel stipend from AIR to attend a conference or workshop within the last two years. Am I still eligible to receive mentorship support?
We do our best to distribute opportunity and resources but encourage members to apply for any program or service that is of benefit, whether or not a member has already benefited from participation before. If timing and urgency don't align, we will do our best to provide a direct referral outside of the Mentorships program.
Do I have to have a specific project that I’m working on in order to receive mentoring?
Yes. We find that mentorships are more focused and effective if the mentee has a project or specific goals to frame the engagement.
What if I don’t live near an AIR mentor?
No worries. Most of our mentorships occur remotely over email, phone and video conference. In situations where mentoring is best conducted in person, AIR makes every effort to find a mentor who is within traveling distance to the mentee.
Do I have to pay for this?
It depends. AIR does have a limited number of support funds for mentorships. AIR will evaluate who is eligible for support on a case-by-case basis.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, AIR is waiving all mentorship fees so that all mentees can participate. All mentors will be paid.
We are asking those who are able to consider a donation to the Freelance Audio Fund (https://www.freelanceaudio.fund/). 100% of donations will go back to freelancers.
How much time do we have to complete the mentorship?
Mentorships must be completed within 90 days.
Who is responsible for getting in touch and ensuring that the mentorship moves forward?
The mentee is responsible for starting things off and we recommend that the mentee establish a timeline and clear set of goals to achieve over the course of the mentorship before engaging the mentor. The overall process will be facilitated by AIR.
What if I have trouble reaching my mentor or mentee?
Please contact AIR and direct facilitation will be provided.
How long does it take for AIR to find a match for me?
We do our best and it generally takes one week. A number of factors - timing, specific expertise and geography - have resulted in longer periods of time to resolve but we do not anticipate the process to go beyond one month.
How can I become a mentor?
AIR gives precedence to members in good standing but welcomes anyone interested to apply. Our priority, however, is to establish the strongest match between mentor and mentee.
What if more than time is needed?
If mentors and mentees wish to continue beyond four hours, we recommend you do so independently. AIR recommends a sliding scale of $75 to $150 per hour and can be provided facilitation if needed.
As a mentor, what do I need to do in order to receive payment?
After contact hours are completed, mentors are asked to complete an evaluation prior to submitting an invoice. The contract agreement will give specific instruction for invoicing.
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Congressional probe raises safety concerns about booster seats
Editor's Pick National
December 11, 2020 12 min read albionminews
A congressional investigation is raising new questions about the safety of some popular children’s car booster seats. The probe began after a ProPublica investigation aired on “CBS This Morning” in February which showed how some booster seats got a passing grade, despite disturbing video of crash test dummies being violently tossed around during safety testing. That video was originally obtained by ProPublica.
New videos obtained by “CBS This Morning” show child-size dummies flailing violently in car booster seats during side-impact crash tests. In each case, the booster seats passed the tests. Because there are no federal standards for such side-impact crash tests, the companies decide what qualifies as passing. For children weighing less than 40 pounds, experts say booster seats may not fully protect them in a crash.
“There is not a scenario in which I would ever want to see a child under 40 pounds in a booster seat. It’s just not necessary,” said Dr. Ben Hoffman, a lead author of car seat recommendations for the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Hoffman reviewed the videos obtained during the House investigation for “CBS This Morning” and said he would not have given any of the booster seats shown in the videos a passing grade.
“The videos where the impact was on the far side, those were especially terrifying because there is so much movement of the head and neck of the dummy outside of the shell of the booster seat,” he said.
Since at least 2002, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended children be at least 40 pounds before transitioning to a booster seat. Canada has required it since 1987, but U.S. regulators still allow for children weighing as little as 30 pounds to use a booster seat.
Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois called the booster seat tests “shoddy and meaningless.” Krishnamoorthi and fellow Representative Katie Porter of California launched a House Oversight Committee investigation involving seven brands of car booster seats following the February report. The seven brands are Chicco, Britax, Evenflo, KidsEmbrace, Baby Trend, Dorel and Graco.
The investigation found that booster seat makers “endangered the lives of millions of American children and misled consumers about the safety of booster seats by failing to conduct appropriate side-impact testing, deceiving consumers with false and misleading statements … about their side-impact testing protocols and unsafely recommending that children under 40 pounds and as light as 30 pounds can use booster seats.” The report calls for the Federal Trade Commission and state attorneys general to launch consumer protection investigations.
“Parents are relying on companies to sell safe products and they’re relying on the federal government to regulate those products. And unfortunately, neither of those two things happened and that is disgraceful,” Krishnamoorthi said.
“When the manufacturer’s guidance is, in fact, a bunch of falsehoods and lies, kids’ lives are being put at risk,” Porter added.
“Children’s safety is of utmost importance and it’s critical any report be as factually accurate as possible in order to give parents and caregivers a full picture,” said a spokesman for the Oversight Committee’s Republican minority in a statement sent after “CBS This Morning” Thursday. “Unfortunately, this is not the case with the Democrats’ report since there are factual inaccuracies about some of the manufacturers’ testing standards and weight limits.”
Jillian Brown was 37 pounds and 5 years old when the car she was riding in was hit from the side on her way to school. Brown was strapped in her Evenflo Big Kid Booster Seat. The crash left her internally decapitated, paralyzing her from the neck down. Now 9 years old, she’s kept alive by a ventilator.
Evenflo said Brown’s booster seat performed as designed and that her injuries were primarily due to the severity of the crash and/or driver error. The company also said the seat meets or exceeds federal standards and passed the company’s internal crash tests.
Evenflo settled a lawsuit with the Brown family this summer.
But four years before the crash left Brown paralyzed, internal emails from 2012 show Evenflo decided to spend $30,000 in additional labeling costs to market boosters for children 30 pounds and up in the U.S. instead of adopting the 40-pound standard required in Canada for the same seats.
“I have looked at 40 lbs for the U.S. numerous times and will not approve this,” one executive wrote.
House investigators found several makers have adopted a 40-pound minimum, including Evenflo and Graco in early 2020. But Baby Trend and KidsEmbrace continue to market their booster seats for children as little as 30 pounds. Chicco’s website now has a 40-pound minimum, but “CBS This Morning” bought a booster seat Tuesday that was labeled 30 pounds and up.
“As a parent, I’m begging people to please not put children under 40 pounds in a booster seat,” Porter said. “What we’ve seen from this investigation is terrifying and heartbreaking.”
Coinciding with the release of the report, Porter and Krishnamoorthi launched a website for parents to share complaints and concerns about booster seats.
The companies mentioned in the report declined to be interviewed on camera, as did their trade association, the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association. Several companies and the trade association issued statements, which are included in full below.
The investigation was also critical of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Despite being directed by Congress 20 years ago to create a side-impact crash test standard for car seats, the agency hasn’t done it but said one is coming.
Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association, of which all brands and companies mentioned in the probe are members, said:
“A correctly used car seat is a child’s best defense in a car crash. Many factors are considered when a parent or caregiver selects the most appropriate car seat for a child, including the child’s height and weight. JPMA, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recommend that families delay advancing a child to the next restraint category until he or she reaches the maximum height or weight allowed by the manufacturer for the current car seat type and then use a belt-positioning booster seat from the time a child outgrows a car seat with internal harnesses until vehicle seat belts alone fit properly. This position is shared by car seat and booster seat manufacturers, advocate organizations, and more than 40,000 certified Child Passenger Safety technicians across the country.
“Child restraint manufacturers continually and carefully conduct and monitor the latest child passenger safety research, use patterns and recommendations. As a result, car seat manufacturers have developed more harnessed car seats to accommodate taller and heavier children. With this wider variety of harnessed seats now available to caregivers most have voluntarily shifted toward a 40-pound minimum for booster seats.
“Belt-positioning booster seats perform an important vehicle seat belt positioning function, reducing the risk of injury by 45% when compared with vehicle seat belts alone. These positioning devices are not intended to change vehicle seat belt function in side impacts, frontal impacts or other car crashes. Instead, they optimize vehicle seat belt fit so children can fully benefit from the vehicle safety systems.
“The U.S. currently does not require side impact testing of car seats so there is no uniform Federal standard for this testing of any booster seat. The proposed side-impact testing requirements for the U.S. (potentially coming in the next year) focus on crashes that impact the same side of the vehicle where a child is seated, rather than far-side impacts, which result in a smaller number of the real-world injuries cited in the related Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for future side-impact requirements. This near-side performance testing is similar to lateral testing for side-impact occupant protection systems in vehicles done by automobile manufacturers. Since there has been no U.S. side impact testing requirement for car seats, and even the proposed testing does not cover all crash scenarios, some manufacturers voluntarily supplement the requirements with additional established configurations, including European, Australian and internal standards.
“As parents and grandparents ourselves, the juvenile products industry supports stringent federal standards and remains relentless in our efforts to improve product safety and support parents and caregivers in selecting and using products to care for and protect infants and young children.”
Dorel statement:
“Every booster seat that Dorel Juvenile sells meets or exceeds all applicable federal safety standards, which are established through rigorous testing done internally, at third party facilities and by NHTSA.
“We do not market to consumers that our booster seats pass side impact tests, as there is currently no federal standard for this testing.
“Dorel Juvenile has long been active in advocating for the development of a federal standard for side impact testing, including jointly developing a side impact standard with Kettering University and proposing that standard to NHTSA.”
Evenflo statement:
“Evenflo is in the business of safety and for the last 100 years has provided parents with some of the most effective, cutting edge and rigorously tested safety products and technology. Evenflo’s 800 employees — from the factory floor to the board room — care deeply about child safety and take their jobs and the role Evenflo products play in childrearing extremely seriously.
“When it comes to car seats, understanding children come in all shapes and sizes, with varying levels of maturity, Evenflo recognizes that parents need a variety of options to best provide their children with the safest ride available. Evenflo’s safety standards meet, and in many cases, exceed all government standards and requirements, to ensure consumers are equipped with quality, reliable child safety products – like the Big Kid.
“By using a car seat — which is required by law in every state — parents provide their child the best chance at reducing risk of injury in any reasonably foreseeable crash that might occur. However, there is no one-size-fits-all for every child, seating location and collision type. With all belt-positioning booster style safety seats, the vehicle’s seat belt system is the primary restraint component, not the booster seat on which the child sits.
“False and misleading news coverage that asserts that belt-positioning booster seats are not safe may cause parents to prematurely discontinue using belt-positioning booster seats, which simply puts children at greater risk for serious injury in the car.”
Graco statement:
“For over 60 years, Graco has had an unparalleled commitment to child safety and families trust Graco because of our safety records and the lengths we go to design safe products.
“Graco’s car seats and booster seats have a minimum and maximum weight capacity that we establish based on our crash testing to (and beyond) the requirements set out by National Highway Traffic Safety (NHTSA). The lower and upper weight specifications reflect the testing limits of the car seat, not the final recommendations for use, as many factors play into selecting the best child restraint for a child including height, weight and age.
“Graco supports the recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and NHTSA car seat guidelines that all infants and toddlers should ride in a rear-facing car seat as long as possible, until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by their car seat. Most of Graco’s convertible car seats have weight and height limits that permit children to ride rear facing for 2 years as some seats have a maximum weight limit of 50lbs. For forward-facing car seats, Graco also supports the AAP and NHTSA recommendation that children should use the built-in harness for as long as possible until they reach the maximum weight or height for the car seat, and after reaching the maximum forward-facing weight or height, that children under 4 feet and 9 inches tall should ride in a belt-positioning booster seat. In some versions of Graco car seats, children can be harnessed forward-facing up to 65lbs and in the booster mode up to 100lbs.
“In addition, Graco instructs that the car seat installation and child’s fit must meet the instructions in the owner’s manuals. If the child does not meet the manufacturer’s fit guideline for the booster seat, then it is not the right seat for them regardless of weight or height limits and they should remain in a harnessed car seat.
“The medical experts you reference can’t make injury assumptions from our videos simply by watching them because the Anthropomorphic Test Dummy doesn’t replicate the human body closely enough to draw accurate visual conclusions. We base our claims on a structural integrity test of the child restraint with the goal to avail the child of the benefits of side impact protection of the vehicle. The keys to providing the child as safe an environment as possible in the vehicle are to make sure the booster is installed according to the owner’s manual so the booster seat positions the child correctly to utilize the vehicle safety features, the child to remain secure in the seat and the seat secure to the vehicle.”
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration statement:
“Issuing new side impact performance standards for child restraint systems is a highly complex process. This requires extensive development and testing, including development of a new sled test procedure, relevant performance requirements, and a new child side impact test dummy. This process is necessary to ensure an objective and representative performance test, which will save more children’s lives. NHTSA looks forward to publishing the final rule for side-impact standards soon.”
Artsana (parent company of Chicco) had no comment.
Britax referred to the statement from Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association.
Baby Trend referred to the statement from Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association.
KidsEmbrace referred to the statement from Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association.
House Oversight Committee’s Republican minority statement:
Children’s safety is of utmost importance and it’s critical any report be as factually accurate as possible in order to give parents and caregivers a full picture. Unfortunately, this is not the case with the Democrats’ report since there are factual inaccuracies about some of the manufacturers’ testing standards and weight limits. This isn’t credible oversight and children and their parents deserve better.
Kris Van Cleave
Kris Van Cleave is the transportation correspondent for CBS News based in Washington, D.C.
Original Article Published: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/congressional-probe-raises-safety-concerns-about-booster-seats/
booster seats, children, health, investigation
BATTLE CREEK CONSIDERS NEW WASTE HAULER
Albion Parks and Rec will partner with Battle Creek YMCA and Albion College for programs
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Posted by Carol on February 6, 2020 February 7, 2020
Home Underway Flamenco
Photos: Spanish Roadtrip
Stories from la Carretera – Part 1
The history of flamenco is complex and fascinating. Many of the details of its development are lost in antiquity, but what is certain is modern flamenco finds its roots in the Roma Gypsy culture of Andalusia in southern Spain. During the 500 years of Roma migration from India that began in the 9th century, flamenco evolved from the overlapping influences of Roman, Moorish, Indian and Jewish cultures into the rich and diverse art it is today.
In 2010 UNESCO declared flamenco one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Seville is the epicentre of the art, and the performance Tai and I saw there five+ years ago was a highlight of our visit. A couple of weeks ago we stopped in Seville on our fourth Spain road trip, and Mike, ever agreeable (HAH!), said he’d happily accompany me to a flamenco show.
Excited, I secured short-notice tickets at the same theatre Tai and I had been to (another perk of off-season travel). La Casa del Flamenco is Seville’s premier venue, but is also intimate. Housed in a 15th century building in the old quarter, seating is limited to 65 people for each show. The performers in the troupe are revered and among the very best in the world.
It was just as I remembered with audience seating surrounding a lovely, two-story covered courtyard. A slightly raised stage had four wooden chairs set along the back wall. There is no sound system and no special lighting. At 7:00pm sharp a woman walked out and announced the rules: absolutely no photos, filming, or clapping along during the performance. At the end of the show the performers would do a short segment where photos and filming were allowed.
In flamenco’s original form there was only voice, no instruments. A simple cry with a rhythm beaten on the floor with a staff or cane. Flamenco today is comprised of five elements, cante (singing), baile (the dance), guitarra (guitar), palmas (rhythmic hand clapping), and jaleo (calls of encouragement.) Jaleo, roughly translated means “hell raising” and “uproar.” What I hadn’t known at my first show years ago was that every performance is improvised, just as it had been when the art originated. The performers may have never even worked together! This convention ensures no two performances are ever alike, making it all the more captivating.
Two men, a guitarist and a singer, quietly took their seats. The guitar began slowly and as the tempo increased the singer joined in. Despite not understanding the lyrics, his soulful cries conveyed such raw emotion I was moved. The dancers, one man and one woman, took the stage as quietly as the others had. Their eyes locked on one another as they started to inhabit the music. Gradually circling each other as if sizing up an opponent, it was mesmerizing to watch the way they connected and began to feed off each other’s energy. The speed of their feet, stomping their own refrain, while their hands and fingers moved with elegant fluidity, each digit doing its own dance, telling its own weighty tale. Each expression, the strike of a heel, a snap of the fingers, a pluck of the strings, was powerful, passionate and sensual. It felt a little as if we were peeking in, watching a singularly private interaction.
As the show continued a second singer joined in. The dancers each performed alone as the other sat accompanying them with palmas and jaleo. Far too quickly the show reached its crescendo and ended, leaving me both exhilarated and a little sad it was over. As we left the theatre and wandered the narrow cobblestone streets in search of tapas, I couldn’t help adding a flourish to each strike of my heels on the stone pavement. Sharp clacks echoed off the narrow walls along our way.
Absolutely fascinating. Both dance and content.
February 7, 2020 at 05:28 12 months ago
Thanks, Cindy. I loved reading about its rich history and wish we had opportunities to see more shows.
I am so going there!! Name of theater please!!
Did you ever see the musical Zorro — amazing dance and music. Get it for your mp3 player and dance on Aleta!
It’s on the list I’m compiling for you, under my musts!! Will look for Zorro…when I’m alone down below I do a mean flamenco…
Dancing the magic.
Patti Golebieski
Indeed. Appreciating all the magic in this world helps keep me sane these days…
Very cool about seeing the show in the same theatre we went to back in 2014! But how did you keep Marlon from barking along??
Ever agreeable – ha!
Marlon bark??!! Es un perro pequeño y bien educado 🙂
Carol, I am so happy to read your experiences in Spain. Such a beautiful country with a great culture and history. We’d like to go back and visit more!!
February 10, 2020 at 11:20 11 months ago
Thank you, Lily! We love Spain too. I hope we’re traveling in the same place one of these days, we’d love to see you both!
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Shakshouka at Naranj Blossom
Naranj Blossom Mediterranean Restaurant
Upper level, Kitchener Market
Kitchener, ON N2G 2L3
https://www.kitchenermarket.ca
Family recipes and meals play an important role at restaurants operated by people from other countries now living here. The shakshouka I enjoyed at Naranj Blossom Mediterranean Restaurant, upstairs at Kitchener Market, is but one example.
Rouaida Almadrmani, along with partner Bilal Alfar, own Naranj Blossom (not to be confused with Naranj Middle Eastern Cuisine near The Boardwalk). Almadrmani does the cooking, and her shakshouka ($7) is a family recipe from her Damascus, Syria, birthplace.
They’ve owned the food stand for just over a year-and-a-half, serving shawarma, lentil pasta stew with tamarind, fattet hummus, borek, all-day breakfast burritos with home-made sausage and ricotta cheese atayef. Several dishes are vegetarian and vegan; all are under $10.
While Almadrmani previously owned a restaurant in Mississauga, the deeper roots of her cooking reside in a long-told tale of family meals.
“I came from a big, big family. The number is now over 100,” Almadrmani says. “I always helped my mom in the kitchen because I love cooking. I grew up with this food.”
Rouaida Almadrmani at work (Photo/Andrew Coppolino).
The Syrian dishes are family favourites and include her grandmother’s recipes. “When my brothers were in the army, shakshouka was easy to make. It’s tomatoes and onions. They are everywhere. And eggs for protein. It was cheap and quick for them to make,” she says.
Shakshouka is a simple dish with a version popular in Israel and Tunisia, and indeed, in many places in the Middle East. At the food stand, Almadrmani combines and cooks crushed and diced tomatoes, olive oil, onion, garlic, crushed hot banana peppers, which give body to the mix. She adds lots of herbs like basil and oregano.
She shared a few techniques but not all of the ingredients. “I cook the onions well but not caramelized and coloured. And the tomato has to be just the right thickness to hold the eggs.”
Shakshouka is eaten any time of the day, according to Almadrmani. For simplicity at the stand, she inventively cooks and serves it in an aluminum pie plate. She makes small divots in the tomato mixture as it cooks before cracking the eggs and nestling them gently into a space for each.
A popular dish in the Mediterranean and Northern Africa (Photo/Andrew Coppolino).
The pan is covered to finish it and then garnished with parsley; it’s served with some baguette slices, rather than the expected pita, and, though without Parmigiano Reggiano, it reminds me of the Italian dish, “Uova in Purgatorio.” It’s all about family favourites at Naranj Blossom, both at home and at the food stand, according to Almadrmani.
“I feel shakshouka is a warm, cozy dish. My younger son eats this almost every day,” she says with a laugh. “He loves it. That’s okay with me.”
Naranj Blossom, and the other food stands, is open during Market hours. Tuesday to Friday: 8 a.m.- 3 p.m.; Saturday: 7 a.m. – 2 p.m. Closed Sundays and Mondays.
[Incidentally, Almadrmani is also an artist; some of her pieces are displayed at the food stand. A few years ago, she was a contributor to the “World Refugee Art Exhibition” at THEMUSEUM.]
Kitchener Market
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Sonny’s Thursday burger special
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Home / Products / St. Pius X
Biography of Pope St. Pius X, Restorer of the Church.
Saint Pius X is the first pope in modern history to be canonized since Saint Pius V in 1712. The Church canonized him because of the heroic virtues he practiced in his private life and also in the performance of his ecclesiastical duties: Assistant Priest, Pastor, Canon, Episcopal Chancellor, seminary spiritual director, Bishop, Cardinal Patriarch of Venice, and Pope from 1903 to 1914.
Yves Chiron's fresh biography breaks new ground by establishing an exact, fair portrait of Saint Pius X, who is often portrayed as a pious pope of great Faith, but "retrograde, simplistic and close minded to modern aspirations and new ideas." The work accomplished by Saint Pius X was monumental. He was not a pietistic simpleton, but a powerful and brilliant defender of the True Faith in the face of the Modernism that was invading the Church even in those days - the beginnings of the Liberalism that resurfaced at Vatican II.
Mr. Chiron demonstrates that he was a tireless defender of the rights of the Church against secularism. He was a great reforming pope; restoring Gregorian chant as the sacred music of the Church; reforming the Curia; initiating the codification of Canon Law, and devoting himself especially to reforming the seminaries in order to form pious, zealous young priests, on guard against the creeping infection of Modernism.
In researching this book, Yves Chiron draws from many sources, especially from Italy, where this great man, so beloved by his countrymen, rose from being a poor country farm boy to being the Vicar of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. The author was also able to research the Secret Vatican Archives.
There is no better "rags - to - riches" story, for he came from a poor but hardworking family and rose to the heights of spiritual riches. This book not only relates the historical events of the Pope's life but offers many personal stories that are like windows into his soul and clearly show his saintly personality.
352 pp. Softcover. 24 pp of illustrations.
Case Quantity = 36
Bookstores, ask us about our case discounts!
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Redefining rushes at IBC 2018
By Shaun Wilton, Anna Valley Director
Over the last decade or two, while the rest of the content production workflow has been revolutionised by cloud and IP workflows (taking post production out of the edit suite, making media available on any machine, anywhere in the world and virtualising control rooms to name just a few examples,) the “outside shoot” part of this process has remained (largely) the same. I’m not saying that cameras haven’t changed – there have been some remarkable developments in AI functionality, shooting resolution and camera design – but the workflow is still the same; we go out, shoot some footage and take it back to base.
In fact, the term “rushes” was originally coined to describe the literal “rushing” of footage from the shoot location back to the production or post house. But, based on what we saw at IBC 2018, this description looks set to become as outdated as telling someone to hold their horses.
There are generally two types of product innovations in our industry – those that provide the ability to create more beautiful, creative or impressive content and those that allow us to create content more efficiently.
For a long time camera development has been almost exclusively focussed on the former, but the increased demand for content and reduced tolerance for scheduled delivery is forcing a shift.
While there were the usual new product and feature launches at this year’s IBC show our overarching impression was that the camera manufacturers are starting to recognise that acquisition workflows need to change to keep up with the demand for content, and they are now focussed on serving this need.
This is evident in specific camera product development – like Sony’s XDCam Air camera-to-cloud workflows and the JVC Connected Camera’s studio talkback over IP capabilities – but is more apparent in the way these technology companies are building platforms with suites of services that cover the entire production workflow – including acquisition. Sony’s launch of Intelligent Media Services at IBC is a case in point.
For too long cameras were standalone tech, existing in their own little isolated world, but the present and future state is that connectivity is the norm and cameras need to take their place in a network that feeds into the broader content supply chain.
Watch this space for more on this topic or get in touch to find out more.
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2a Kinex Plane Tree Crescent
TW13 7AL
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Stories in the News onphilip johnson
Sarah Whiting, Dean at Harvard GSD, responds to call for removal of Philip Johnson's name
By Sean Joyner
Dec 7, '20 2:24 PM EST
Following a letter released November 27, 2020 by The ---- Johnson Study Group calling for all institutions to remove the name of Philip Johnson from "every leadership title, public space, and honorific of any form," Sarah Whiting, Dean and Josep Lluís Sert Professor of Architecture at the... View full entry
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Creative community issues a call to remove Philip Johnson's name because of his fascist past
By Paul Petrunia
The ---- Johnson Study Group, an online organization "studying the legacy of a 20th century white supremacist [Philip Johnson] who founded the most significant modern architectural institutions in the United States" has released the following letter calling for all institutions to remove the name... View full entry
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Gerald D. Hines, developer of iconic Houston skyscrapers, has died
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Aug 25, '20 1:37 PM EST
Real estate magnate Gerald D. Hines, the developer behind many of America's most iconic skyscrapers from the late-20th century, has passed away at age 95. Hines is perhaps best known as the backer for many of downtown Houston's skyline-altering developments, including SOM's One Shell Plaza... View full entry
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Mansard roof-topped Johnson / Burgee tower in Dallas is for sale
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A 1.1 million-square-foot office tower complex designed by Johnson / Burgee is currently for sale in Dallas, Texas. Organized as a trio of conjoined 19-story towers topped with mansard roofs and connected by arch-topped skywalks, the office complex rises behind a low-rise hotel designed in a... View full entry
philip johnsondallasskyscraperpostmodernism
Pavilion inspired by Philip Johnson's Glass House rises in Montréal
May 28, '20 1:08 PM EST
Inspired by Philip Johnson's Glass House and the Ben Rose House from Ferris Bueller's Day Off, a glass-clad pavilion recently completed by Maurice Martel Architecte sits as a tribute to modern architecture in Montréal. Photos by Adrien Williams. Complete with a four-season, indoor swimming... View full entry
maurice martel architectepavilionglass housephilip johnsoncanadamontreal
Restoration of Philip Johnson's New York State Pavilions in Queens is underway
Nov 9, '19 6:00 PM EST
The iconic New York State Pavilion observation towers in Flushing, Queens are being restored. The New York City Parks Department broke ground on the project this week. Designed by Philip Johnson and Lev Zetlin, the two flying saucer-topped observation towers as well as an adjacent pavilion will... View full entry
flushing meadows corona parkphilip johnsonqueensspotlight on nyc
New York State Pavilion's observation towers will soon shine in restored glory
Sep 11, '19 2:56 PM EST
[...] the restoration on the observation towers of the New York State Pavilion is beginning soon. A project update on the Parks’ capital project tracker states that there is an estimated start date of September 2019, and that a date has been set for construction to begin, an update first noticed by the People for the Pavilion. — Untapped Cities
Untapped Cities reports that the restoration work of the three New York State Pavilion observation towers, designed by Philip Johnson, Richard Foster and structural engineer Lev Zetlin for the 1964 World’s Fair, will include "reconstruction of the stairways, replace deteriorated suspension... View full entry
observation towerqueensflushing meadows corona parknew yorkrestorationpreservationhistoric preservationnew york world's fairphilip johnsonrichard fosterlev zetlin1964 world’s fairtent of tomorrownew york state pavilion
Philip Johnson's Beck House in Dallas is listed at $19.5M
By Shane Reiner-Roth
Jul 5, '19 5:05 PM EST
Just North of Dallas' city center lies a lesser known mansion designed in 1964 by infamous architect Philip Johnson. With six bedrooms and seven full bathrooms, this 11,387 square foot home in Preston Hollow, known as Beck House, is the architect's largest home design. Recreation Room... View full entry
philip johnsonmansiondallastexas
Snøhetta's updated AT&T Building redesign gets Landmarks Preservation Commission approval
The city’s Landmarks Preservation Commission paved the way for Snøhetta to partially redesign Philip Johnson’s Postmodern skyscraper at 550 Madison Avenue Tuesday with a vote backing the contested plan. [...]
The biggest change to the property, which was granted landmark status in July 2018, is the privately-owned public space (POPS) at the ground level. — Curbed NY
Image: SnøhettaSnøhetta's original proposal to renovate the, now landmark-protected, 1984 icon of Postmodernism at 550 Madison Avenue was met with fierce opposition from architects, preservationists, and critics. An updated design that incorporated much of the feedback was released a few... View full entry
at&t buildingsnohettaphilip johnsonnew yorkpreservationrenovationpostmodernismlandmark
The Man in the Glass House: new Philip Johnson biography traces the architect's Fascist past
Dec 17, '18 6:37 PM EST
In “The Man in the Glass House,” Mark Lamster’s brisk, clear-eyed new biography of Johnson, we are asked to contemplate why the impresario of twentieth-century architecture descended into such a morass of far-right politics—and how, given the depths to which he fell, he managed to clamber his way not just out of it, but to the top. [...] Johnson managed to abjure his past and, on the march toward an exceptionally successful career, leave it behind. — The New Yorker
The New Yorker reviews the new Philip Johnson biography, The Man in the Glass House by architecture critic and professor Mark Lamster, and examines how Johnson eagerly embraced Fascism before WWII and still rose to great fame as America's iconic 20th-century architect. "Indeed, it is... View full entry
philip johnsonfascismpoliticsarchitectural historymark lamsterbiographyphilip johnson and fascism
Check out Snøhetta's updated AT&T Building renovation proposal
A year after Snøhetta’s first attempt at renovating Olayan America and Chelsfield’s office tower at 550 Madison Avenue ended in controversy and eventual landmarking, the architects are hoping their second attempt will be smoother. — The Real Deal
"The new proposal unveiled Tuesday features three stories of retail at the ground level and a new opening in the rear facade to allow sight lines from Madison Avenue into a new open-air garden that will replace the currently enclosed galleria," reports The Real Deal about Snøhetta's reworked... View full entry
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Philip Johnson + John Burgee's AT&T Building is now a designated landmark
By Justine Testado
Aug 2, '18 2:20 PM EST
The designation protects the exterior of the building, including the facades of the office tower, annex, and enclosed covered passageway, and notably preserving its rose Stony Creek granite cladding and the broken pediment at its crown. Going forward, any proposed alterations to the exterior will require approval and permitting by the [NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission]. — Architectural Record
It's official. The AT&T Building is now a designated landmark. Late last year, Snøhetta's plans to redesign the historic building sparked months of heated debate among architects, preservationists, and critics. View full entry
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Three famous modernist houses set the stage in this video art exhibition
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At Pioneer Works, in Brooklyn, the show “Gerard & Kelly: Clockwork” — photographs, text, installations, and live and filmed dance — references the three small structures and the intertwined careers of their architects: the Schindler House in West Hollywood, Calif., by R. M. Schindler; Philip Johnson’s Glass House in New Canaan, Conn.; and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s Farnsworth House in Plano, Ill. — New York Times
Artists Brennan Gerard and Ryan Kelly's film Schindler/Glass uses three iconic modernist houses as the backdrop in which issues of gendered space and domestic intimacy are explored. The video piece is part of an ongoing series by the artists called “Modern Living". Shot on site at the... View full entry
modernist housesmodernist architecturephilip johnsonglass houser.m. schindlerludwig mies van der rohefarnsworth housemies van der rohearchitecture on filmart exhibitionbrooklyn
A new ceiling for Philip Johnson's iconic The Glass House
By Nam Henderson
Apr 30, '18 3:07 PM EST
The scope of the project included the replacement of the entire plaster ceiling, metal lath, and fasteners. The ceiling replacement began on December 1, 2017 and took approximately three months to complete. The project team included EverGreene Architectural Arts, Silman Structural Engineers, Glass House staff and Ashley Wilson AIA, ASID, Graham Gund Architect of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. — The Glass House
To see the new ceiling in person, make plans to visit this summer as The Glass House re-opens May 2018. Ceiling replacement complete. Photo by Michael Biondo View full entry
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Despite pending landmark status, demolition to the AT&T Building's lobby has begun
By Mackenzie Goldberg
Jan 9, '18 12:55 PM EST
The Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) has approved interior demolition of the lobby at Philip Johnson and John Burgee’s postmodern tower at 550 Madison Avenue. Though the 1984 tower is up for landmark consideration, the designation would only protect the facade, not the interior.
Department of Buildings (DOB) records show demo plans received LPC staff approval on December 15 and permits were issued that same day. — The Architect's Newspaper
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Alpha City
exploring life in the super-polarised metropolis
Category Archives: Super-rich
Complex Edifice
The word façade carries two key meanings, it is both the face of a building and the social appearance presented to the world. The Chambers’ English dictionary extends this latter meaning to include the sense of being ‘showy’, the sense of a social face with little of substance behind it. One of the signal changes in a landscape of distinct and distinguished facades has been the creation of a significant number of new developments that use subtle facades and architectures in restrained ways, requiring in the viewer a tacit knowledge of the function, and cost, of these developments. Much of the historical and recent architecture of London’s West End arguably fit both meanings of the term façade quite well, offering both the impression of new and expensive frontages but also their deployment as a sign of position behind which little of substance or social life takes place.
Clarges Mayfair, more or less anonymous when seen from southern aspect onto Piccadilly, the boulevard adjacent to it, seems to say very little about its function or social position. If we were not aware of the stratospheric value of real estate in this district we might think very little of its subtle frontage. But this is rather the point – one needs to be in the club, in the know, to comprehend that immense money-power and the barely present lives of its super-rich residents that go on behind it. The West’s extensive scape of mansions and stately addresses, built by the almost historically unparalleled wealth of the city’s global nouveaux riches of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, are also still here of course. Those pre-eminent positional goods are still regularly snapped-up by staggeringly wealthy individuals from around the world. Yet many of those immense homes were lost, either because the wealth of subsequent elites was insufficient to maintain them (with many lost to demolition) or sub-divided over time. Clarges is something slightly different, offering convenience, security and a chaperoned place in the city, part of what we might think of an ‘ultraland’ of new, super-prime apartment blocks scattered around the city’s most expensive central property markets.
The ultraland
Where the robber barons and patrician super-rich of the 19th and 20th century city often sought to construct their own ‘pile’ to show their arrival and profound wealth, aspirations today tend to be mediated by developers building for multiple occupancy. This fact does little to detract from the way that such developments are still used to soak-up enormous amounts of surplus capital by the world’s super-rich as they look for a safe investment and a safe city capable of accommodating the need for places of work, but, more often, one of play and investment. Clarges’ façade presents an almost humble, understated presence – an almost blank face behind which the visiting, partying world’s rich can sojourn while in London. Perhaps even more importantly this and similar residences play the role of enabling an almost anonymous presence and comfort for its residents. Its interior dwellings are better thought of, not as homes, but as resting places for the wealthy winners of the global class-war of rentier capitalism. It is a mediating and sorting nodal space, one that sifts the winners from the many losers and keeps them tucked-up and securely looked-after, as do similar blocks in other cities around the world that adopt a similar style guide and pattern book – fortress pied a terre. Clarges does not present a showy face, yet it does offer a heavily secured veneer, a thin but very tough carapace to protect those passing through behind.
Completed in 2019, Clarges Mayfair overlooks Piccadilly – the core route that runs from London’s centre to Hyde Park Corner, Buckingham Palace and onwards to Knightsbridge. The building’s unassuming nine storeys offer open views through the plane and lime tree canopy to The Green Park and beyond. This vista encompasses the Shard to the south-east, to the London ‘Eye’ ferris wheel and then glimpses of Westminster Palace to the south. Despite the lively clamour of traffic, pedestrian flows and inescapable pollution of the major boulevard below the impression of centrality and access to the jewels of London’s vibrant leisure district are here in abundance. Clarges is a short stroll from the Ritz hotel, only a block further to Fortnum and Masons for provisions, the elite clubs of St James’, to Bond street for its fashion houses and jewellers and to a huge array of discrete elite eateries and bespoke private services across Mayfair itself. As its real estate agents will say, Clarges isn’t about location, it is THE location. Yet such blustering sales pitches need to be stripped away to reveal the deeper functions and role of these kinds of new development.
Clarges offers a commodity within what we might describe as an economy of facades. Here quiet distinction is the order of the day, not brash statements built from grand porticos. We might say that its capacity to seduce prospective buyers comes through being closer attention to its constituent parts. These details can be located if we look closely at the references to nature in the subtle tessellated shapes of its brass gateways (remotely controlled from the guardhouse), to its fine craft metalwork balconies and the nod here towards flattened classic columns in white stone. But if you want to see the penthouses you will be disappointed, these are staggered back from the top layers on the 10th and 11th floors in order to avoid street-level surveillance. Such intrusion may seem unlikely at a development that appears almost entirely unremarkable at ground level. Here still empty commercial space yields blank windows, offering the feeling perhaps of an empty central city office block. It seems likely that only those who know what they are looking at would likely be interested.
Clarges has the feel of a protective shell, apartment frontages that enclose, secure and hide their occupants. Such a metaphor also works to allude to the offshore world of companies registered in beachfront offices in the Caiman or British Virgin Islands often used to purchase and conceal ownership of properties in blocks like these (an estimated 36,000 properties worth around £50bn pounds in London alone). In this sense the façade is also a discrete cover, a means by which a para-criminal and indeed illicit world of offshore finance is concealed and enabled by many residential facades like Clarges. Like much of prime real estate in central London one can be forgiven for believing that such developments have been constructed simply to absorb vast amounts of liquid surplus, often criminal, capital looking for a place to call home, to grow or to be carefully stashed away. Given its almost equilateral square frontage the impression that the building generates is of a, very large, money box. At £12m (€14m) for a 2-bedroom apartment, and £18m for a 3-bed and much more for a penthouse, the prices are, even for central London, help to reaffirm this feeling.
In many ways the West End property market is a circuit of capital flows built on ‘front’, a place for investment by the more or less immodest winners in the global economy that helps to line the pockets of other hangers on and those whose own wealth comes from that of the super-rich including estate agents, lawyers and developers. The West End is a place built on a trade in facades, addresses that can be wielded like social trophies over cocktails, dinners or business lunches as marques of social and economic prowess. Of course, the money looking to secure a place in Mayfair, one of the most expensive in one of the priciest cities in the world, does not need to shout about its presence. One of the very remarkable things about the ultraland developments, splinters of capital subtly emerging in London’s most affluent territories, is their very lack of overt ostentation.
Clarges Mayfair replaced a somewhat anonymous, now-demolished 1950s office block with arguably a similarly insignificant construction. The first impression of Clarges is its impressive inconspicuousness. If Clarges was placed in a smaller regional, central urban setting it would not look out of place. It takes location to animate the site and excite its prospective residents, to confer the sense that this is a place of quiet opulence capable of conferring lofty status. Barely recessed window casements appear without usable balconies, no doubt partly for security and because of the high pollution levels from the street below. Looking up from Piccadilly towards the ‘rump’ of Clarges one sees almost no signs of life. Its apparent ‘front’ (actually its back in terms of access for residents) the development presents only a blank face.
The real life of Clarges Mayfair is to be found in its numerous basement levels (de rigueur for developments in the capital looking to make maximum use of small footprints), driveway (which can be secured if required) and of course the luxurious interiors of its marble, chrome and silk decorated interiors. The development presents itself as a more-or-less hard and featureless eggshell. But this external wrapping conceals a softer, nurturing yolk-like space inside. The list of its services and facilities is undoubtedly impressive enough to generate the possibility of never needing to leave. These include a business suite, dining room, English spa, treatment rooms, stairs sporting detailing apparently referencing wrist watches, a 25m subterranean swimming pool, gym and 18-seater cinema, also underground. In the enormously spacious interior reception hall a large cantilevered spiral staircase features low-level underlighting, supplemented by natural light from a large glass dome in the lofty ceiling. The dome itself features a light sculpture designed to allude to the designs of aristocratic houses and utilising dynamic lighting that changes over the course of the day. The sensory embrace of the development is further heightened by its incredible quietness and the subtle hallway fragrances, changed over the weeks and seasons by the development’s commissioned perfumier.
Curiously the internal privacy of residents is also carefully designed into the building’s operation. There are two saunas and another two steam rooms, the cinema and dining rooms can be booked, and even the gym can be partitioned for personal privacy. Service and ‘help’ for the owners can be accommodated in adjacent secure units. The sense of a resting community of world travellers is not perhaps apparent – instead internal segregation seems to be an important part of the offer, not the ability to form friendships with new neighbours. The building’s ‘real’ front is the functional space of the carriageway-style drop-off point for residents, visitors and staff. Access is controlled to this semi-public space by rising bollards and mechanised, concertina gates – either to control flows of traffic or prevent unwanted access. It is also looked-over by resident security staff, ensure access only to residents to the building, challenge passers-by or curious social scientists seeking to take pictures of its frontage. A car lift allows resident’s vehicles to be disappeared from (private) street level to the cavernous parking bay below.
Clarges is one of several notable contenders on a relatively new circuit of super-excessive, discrete buildings within central London’s super-prime property market. These are the spaces to which international capital is drawn come rain or shine – capital knows that this is a safe bet of a location, a place to give cash a holiday and watch it grow, only to be brought back into action when the time is right. Most residents will not simply live here, this will be one of a string of international addresses located in the key neighbourhoods of cities and choice leisure zones around the world to which rapid and often brief access is required on occasion. This development and many others are also intensely wasteful spaces. Not only could more, and more affordable, homes easily be accommodated within the footprint of each interior floor, the sense of disposability and crass excess is evident as soon as one connects the building to the hyper-mobile and international jet setting of its residents. The block is designed to act rather as a kind of transportation plug-in to the mobility systems of the global super-rich, a drive-through pad when access to a weekend in central London is needed. British Land, its developer, paid £130m in 2012 for the site – but the contribution to affordable housing stemming from the development was £1.85 million, less than a tenth of one of the price of a single one of its apartments. Despite, or indeed because, of such low contributions the developer, has made more than £1bn profit.
Clarges was the name given to the city featured in Jack Vance’s novel To Live Forever (1956), a kind of urban utopia in a barbaric world. Its residents have gained knowledge of the technology required to achieve immortality, but to avoid over population this is only granted to those who have made notable contributions. It seems unlikely that the super-wealthy resident’s of the real-world enclave of Clarges Mayfair have managed to defy the laws of nature in this way, and we might debate their achievements, but it is also clear that such residential space is used as a kind of spatial protective, its leisure rooms, gyms, swimming pool and treatment rooms speak of a desire to extend and secure the body through the use of fortress architectures, pampering personal services and adherence to strict, life-enhancing regimes. The façade leaves everything to the imagination, but it is nevertheless situated within a social politics that is increasingly aware of the illicit flows, gross excesses and extraordinary material waste of the super-rich. While Clarges and other developments are used to gain entry to the social and economic circuits of London’s elites the legitimacy of these lives and lifestyles is being placed under increasing scrutiny, however subtle or concealing their facades.
London’s ultralands and its super-prime fortress homes create a subtle inlay of super-affluence in an already historically affluent area that has, for more than a hundred years, offered a place for the world’s rich. The main difference from that time is the more subdued presence of wealth and its subdivision, residence in apartments rather than mansion houses. It is possible to witness Clarges up-close by accessing the sweep driveway and square to its rear, but be prepared to be challenged by its gatekeepers. This is an understated site whose luxury is only revealed to those with the staggering resources required to gain access, a private space whose mistrustful residents and staff are keen to keep it quiet.
My thanks to Stefan Fuchs for giving permission for this draft version of a chapter that will appear as part of a collection updating the themes of Walter Benjamin’s Passegenwerks in a volume focused on the rise of the facade: Fuchs, S. / Dillhof, R. (Eds.) (forthcoming) Fassadenwerks (working title), Hamburg.on my blog
This entry was posted in Housing, Inequality, Piketty, Super-rich, Uncategorized on February 18, 2020 by rowlandatkinson2014.
Looking for Planet B – The super-rich, the environment and social injustice
The unchecked lifestyle choices of the globe’s super-rich, and its affluent more broadly, are a curse on our planet.
In 1958 Shirley Jackson wrote about the retreat of an affluent family into their palatial home. Preparing for the end of the world she describes how the world outside ‘was to be plundered ruthlessly for objects of beauty to go in and around the house; infinite were the delights to be prepared for its inhabitants.’ (P. 8 Jackson, S. (1958) The Sundial, London: Penguin). Post-war North American affluence pales into insignificance beside the excesses and gross consumption of today’s consumer societies and the habits of its wealthiest. In 2010 Oxfam reported that 388 people owned as much as half of the planetary population. By 2014 the figure was 85, by 2016 it was 62 and, in the latest revision, the organization found that a mere 8 people commanded wealth unparalleled since pre-Biblical times.
There is rising concern not only at the level of power and influence that such riches command, and how such power is used in the pursuit of further wealth, the erosion of support for the poor and massive over-consumption of fossil and other resources. Worse still, opulent lifestyles, privileged social networks and secluded homes feed a mechanism described by a US sociologist as the ‘toilet assumption’: our damaging human effects and the increasingly denuded world outside are rendered invisible. What prospect for reform and healing if the harms we do remain unseen?
The rise of the world’s super rich and the concentration of global wealth has come at a bad time for the planet. The popular political formations, themselves forged of these conditions, are offer images of continued economic growth, public denial of harm and denigration of the conscious. Those with achieve a disproportionate take on resources and lead profligate lifestyles – multiple residences, private jets, extensive cohorts of staff, gourmet delights alongside endless rounds of newly accumulated clothes, precious metals and jewels. The world’s rich are not sustainable. This is not simply because of what they themselves do and own but because of their lead and influence within a culture fixed upon fashionable rounds of consumption, disposability and the signaling of success through monetary worth and acquisition of status goods. The revelation that SUV drivers globally form the equivalent of a seventh nation in terms of pollution in their own right is likely to lead to a morally inflected discussion among communities and calls to shame those making personal choices with public and planetary consequences. The hyperactive flightpaths of celebrities, the rich and academics have come under scrutiny. Yet the rich are not only a problem because many would like what they have. What many now understand to be needed to face-down multiple climate crises and injustices, in social and environmental terms, will not be achieved unless excess is more firmly regulated, or their lives become more firmly embedded in the communities that increasingly censure them.
Rising inequality, as many now agree, is bad for us all. One reason for this is that the wealthy are able to outbid and out-consume others on merely mortal incomes. London’s skyline is now puffed-up with more than 500 skyscrapers at some stage of construction. Many of these apartments are bought purely for investment and lie empty for much of the year. The most recent estimate is that half of homes in London’s ‘prime’ property areas are under-used according to their extremely low use of utilities. Reality television shows regularly highlight the excessive consumption of the bunkers and fortress homes of the super-rich, but in my own research I have seen homes with ten bedrooms, personal cinemas, underground pools and even car lifts to sunken parking. In many cases beds and indeed houses lie empty for much of the year, visits timed to coincide with key cultural events and arts openings. More remarkable still is the creative destruction that accompanies more extreme cases – the demolition of extensive and often prized residences. The next step is often construction of a much larger home, capable of supporting grander parties and with expanded wall space for prized modern art canvases and sculptures bought more for investment than aesthetic reasons. Everything, including kitchen sinks, are regularly thrown out and reinstalled to maintain a look that is of the times. These lifestyles and homes offer standards now gawped at by many – considered the glittering potential prize of social escape and total luxury. Yet the cost is clearly huge. The excessive consumption habits of the rich show that luxury is untenable at a time of profound necessity and our increasing realization of ecological limits.
Cicero suggested that to have a library and a garden is to have everything we need. For the global super-rich such ecological groundedness and erudition is twisted into the bloated wings attached to multiple homes and extensive lawns patrolled by private security guards. The costs of hyper-consumption are plain to see – unending air miles in private or chartered jets, diamond encrusted baubles, edible gold leaf cocktails designed to coax money from the wealthy. What damaging mindset is generated by societies that have allowed or encouraged the growing ranks of the wealthy? Such attitudes matter because they infect our public life and damage our grossly unequal societies. Think tanks and complicit politicians defend excessive wealth and the inequality that goes alongside it. But in ecological terms we know that affluence is costing us the earth and those with less are affected worst and first. For the rich the dream is of escape, from taxes, from social obligation and even from nations. The latest news on the rich is their purchase of estates in New Zealand as bolt-holes come environmental or political apocalypse and attempts by billionaires to create cities in the sea free of tax and social burdens.
Working toward a celebration of connection to environments, to society and meaning are values that require emphasis in our public culture. Yet the expansion of the ranks of the wealthy militate against this. Indeed the actions of many millions among the affluent middle classes are also part of this story. Attempts at bringing harmony, happiness and an ethic of sustainability become rather like comedian Sean Lock’s suggestion that personal environmental efforts often feel like bringing a dustpan to clean up a volcano. Strenuous efforts at valuing that which is finite around us is increasingly common. Yet we know that rising living standards and private incomes unleash countless forms of waste and over-consumption on a fragmenting and damaged world. In this sense our consciousness must be aware of the need to engage and challenge excess as moral issues that bind us together, despite the rhetoric of personal wins and choice. The one percent are not with us on these issues.
Woody Allen once said ‘I don’t want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it by not dying’. For the rich an anxiety about death is met not with a sense of common humanity and obligation, but with attempts at building wealth, ego excess (foundations and gifts for named wings of museums in some cases) or a strong interest in living forever through technological advances. One of the very real problems that we face as a global society is that those with money and power have a tendency to choose to give very little of what they have, rather than changing or improving the mechanisms by which such unnecessary wealth is generated in the first place. We must all have less if the world around us is to survive. The message for the super-rich is that they need a lot less.
This entry was posted in Inequality, Neoliberalism, Public policy, Super-rich, Uncategorized, Wealth on January 10, 2020 by rowlandatkinson2014.
Necrotecture: The Political Economy of London’s Super-Elite High Rise Landscape
This is a much longer version of a piece published in the Le Monde Diplomatique which can be accessed here.
More than 400 high-rise developments are now in progress or have received planning permission in London (New London Architecture, 2016). Almost none of the dwellings these towers yield will be affordable. Close to zero are what we might loosely term public housing, reserved for those on no or low incomes. In the stories now told of London’s massive inequalities (Cunningham and Savage, 2017) and housing problems (Minton, 2017) the towers in place and those to come signal the city’s social extremes and the inability of state or market to resolve social need. Despite the intention that these high quality pads are for the globe’s elite the feeling on seeing these new spaces is rather of a somewhat disposable environment that fits their need, in many cases, to rest money. The community in mono imagined by ‘starchitects’ and estate agents on billboards and in brochures are sales pitches to a floating class of the rich and investors. Whatever drugs the architects of the gold apartment block at Battersea power station were smoking it seems their inspiration was pound signs rather than the giant floating pig pictured on Pink Floyd’s Animals album cover. As in many other parts of London construction here is undertaken solely in the pursuit of money rather than people (Watt, 2016). Much of the development along the Thames appears to offer a parody of place and a mirage-idea of communal life. These are essentially dead spaces and dwellings, their lifelessness important in maintaining clean conditions to allow the realization of maximum exchange value, rather than being valued for use as places to reside. The question of who benefits from such development is an ongoing irritant to the city’s managers and politicians that will not go away.
London’s position as a shining beacon for the globe’s super wealthy has not been good news for the wider population of the city. When the good times were rolling they were marked by an aggressive expansion of gentrification, private tenant evictions, the demolition of dozens of public estates, welfare reforms and household displacement. Some have suggested that these forms of investment and destruction are related (Atkinson, Parker and Burrows 2017) but, with the advent of Brexit deliberations, the potentially negative role of international investment has been glossed over by the city’s elite who have had to recognise their addiction to international capital. Despite this the rich themselves appear more as a sign of the slow death of the city than one of vitality as in many cities around the world who now appear to be suffering under the vertical weight of the wealthy (Graham, 2017).
Dead vertical
One possible ghost guide to the new follies and ruins generated by investors and developers might be Erich Fromm who, in his later life had become exercised by the focus in our culture on things rather people. Having rather being. There remains something powerful in his idea that our desire for lifeless things suggested we inhabit a kind of necrophiliac culture, a society fixed on the denial of death and the pursuit of shiny objects. Can we not read the pursuit of apartments and empty homes as the peak expression of such desires and drives by the wealthy (Sudjic, 2006), the towers themselves as a form of necrotecture? Can we think of London’s inflated skyscape as the result of an urban political economy harnessed to the death-drive of capital and the unchecked global accumulation strategies of the wealthy?
In The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973) Fromm had identified necrophilia as a form of attraction to anything dead, a mechanical form of interest that evaded notions of the social or human connectivity. This love of dead things appears to offer an apposite framing of the love of dead things expressed by the world’s super wealthy. Properties are snapped-up as signs of personal progress and status while remaining wholly or partially uninhabited. Marketing materials for many of the new developments offer images of empty chrome and velvet interiors looking-out over the city. Prospective buyers are able to project their presence as the city’s triumphant captains without seeing signs of community life or troublesome social difference. The psyche of affluence is thus able to insulate itself from any sense of connection or social reciprocity while inhabiting myths of personal success driven by ambition and hard work. This might not matter if dead things and spaces were not so corrosive to the social life of the city more broadly. Massive injections of international capital have fed the logic of building for the needs of the wealthy and international buyers (Ho and Atkinson, 2017). Such investment also damages the apparent legitimacy and vital role of public housing (Marcuse and Madden, 2016) as it has come to be framed as a form of lavish public expenditure while higher bidders wait in the wings. Here the wider sociality of the city is afflicted by a creeping necrosis as other parts of the urban body are starved of a vital supply of people and social circulation generated by absent owners and their investment vehicles – overseen by a political system that has misunderstood city standing to be indexed by the presence of wealth, rather than its creation and wider distribution (Engelen et al, 2016).
The lifeless interiors of the architecture that has emerged from a confluence of capital investment and status-seeking by the wealthy seems to speak of the real endpoint of urbanism (Minton, 2012) and any ability to enable citizens assurances of livelihood and home by urban political economy (Aalbers and Christophers, 2014). The housing crisis is produced by a system in which money rather than people is the primary index of success. Political and economic forces have combined to produce lifeless spaces that are dynamically linked to global chaos, low intensity warfare and globalized criminality elsewhere (Transparency International, 2017) and upon which London’s economy now depends and of which few questions are asked.
If you want to see these processes of accumulation and emptiness in the flesh it is instructive to wander past One Hyde Park or the many empty mansions lining The Bishops Avenue and others in North London. One of the reasons that so many people are exercised about the cost and lack of housing in the city is that in it they witness their own and other’s competition for these resources juxtaposed with a landscape of empty shells that should be homes. While many and sometimes most blocks are almost never occupied many households on local authority waiting lists are exported outside their borough or to the regions (Greenwood, 2017) and a third of a million households languish on waiting lists for public housing in London alone (DCLG, 2016). While taking a walk along the Thames near Nine Elms one can see many new towers, apparently suspended by an invisible line along the river’s corridor. Rather like dead mackerels these luxury high-rise developments shine but they also stink, the odour generated by corrupt planning agreements and a housing system out of sync with the needs of ordinary folk in the city (Scanlon et al, 2017).
A city for money or its citizens?
The sense of outright winners and vulnerable losers raises big questions about who the city is for (Minton, 2017). If we could buy the argument that the wider economy and population somehow benefit from such investment the new skyscape might have some grain of defensibility. Yet such arguments appear threadbare. Those with economic and political power nevertheless identify an economy of property and finance as the magical machine driving living standards and reputation. London’s new mayor has moved in a slightly different direction, launching an enquiry into the number of homes bought by offshore investors and which appear to be more or less unoccupied (Wallace, Rhodes and Webber, 2017). Some sense of the scale of these problems can be identified with even the discreet presence of the rich leaving traces. One recent study examined utility records to locate homes with abnormally low electricity use which generated the estimate that around 21,000 homes are long-term empty (Transparency International, 2017). In fact around five percent of homes in Central and Western London lie in such empty conditions according the to the government’s statistics agency (Gask and Williams, 2015).
Non-partisan groups have highlighted significant flows of criminal and anonymous purchasing of thousands of homes that appear to be decidedly non-trivial. The head of the National Crime Agency has suggested that criminal money has driven-up property prices and that hundreds of millions of pounds of property purchases are the subject of criminal investigation as suspected proceeds of corruption, yet these figures only represent a fraction of the total amount. Transparency International (2015) has already revealed that around 10% of properties in Kensington and Chelsea were owned through a “secrecy jurisdiction” and tied to around £122bn of offshore money. The question of who cares is left hanging, with many cases not pursued by resource-starved tax agencies.
One of the most glaring injustices is that while essential workers and even those on respectable incomes struggle to access decent housing the city is producing thousands of apartments for people who may never use them. If you countenance that this is the sign of a functioning housing market you might like to reset your market principles – who does it benefit that housing lies unused by its buyers? How broken is a planning system that leaves unchallenged the construction of blocks of hundreds of flats sold north of £600,000 for a studio but in which the idea of a handful of affordable homes is seen as a threat to its market viability? Mounting evidence shows that developers and planning consultants work hard to circumvent their duty to offer either affordable housing or cash contributions to the local authority (here it is worth consulting the work published at http://www.ourcity.london). Criticism of this system has been growing for some years now but the rising intensity of anger is palpable, even if effective resistance remains elusive.
Urban growth and decline
In 1951 the population of Greater London, its 32 constituent boroughs and the square mile of the City, was 8,164,416. Like many other British cities the mid-century census recorded what was, for another 60 years, its peak. It now seems difficult to remember that Britain’s inner cities were places of economic stagnation, social decline and out-migration. The term inner city was used to invoke a social imaginary marked by these features as much as any sense of real geographical place. By 1981 the nascent Thatcher government occupied a London whose population had fallen to 6,608,513. The most recent survey of the city’s population now shows an all-time high of 8,173,900. This apparent demographic health belies massive shifts in the structure of the city’s economy and new rounds of casualties in housing markets. Alongside changes in the city economy that saw it move to become a nodal point in the world financial global economy massive changes have reworked many neighbourhoods thought untouchable as gentrification opportunities decades before (Jackson and Benson, 2014).
Today the city again faces an uncertain future. Economic pre-eminence in a global system of urban command centres appears to be giving way to anxieties about London’s future and this includes the possibility that financial institutions may start to move away. Trying to keep the goose that lays the golden eggs, even if they did little for the city’s working class, is even more emphatically the name of the game under the Brexit threat. Such worries appear only to add vigour to the grab for land and sky by capital with projections for the numbers of the super-rich in the city set to grow significantly in coming years (Knight Frank, 2017). Meanwhile those criticising construction aimed solely at international investors are cast as out of touch with the realities of seeking custom in a global market[1]. Yet even the trade in premium real estate sales appears fragile in the context of Brexit and the possibility that key financial institutions may be lured away to competitor cities as the crisis talks continue with sales in the top ‘prime’ markets showing dramatic reductions in volume. Despite this questions of social inequality and exclusion have been pushed to the side by a government scrambling to attract buyers and institutions to keep the national books balanced.
London’s patrician class appear to have recognised which side their bread is buttered on some time ago. What was once our establishment might now be better characterised as ushers to capital and the discrete vendors of prized assets and products (Shaxson, 2011). The international rich come for the city’s financial services, generate construction and jobs for decorators and nannies and are prepared to pay fees and taxes on property sales (or work hard to avoid them). Property professionals and financial wizards continue to offer portentous and authoritative assessments of how tariffs, taxes or regulatory moves would kill flows of capital investment. This may be true now but it wasn’t even just two years ago when selling £10m flats before they were built was possible. What is true now is that the systemic threats being revealed today will injure the city’s poor and working-classes much more deeply than it will the wealthy. If in the last decade we had hung on to the coat tails or Masseratti exhaust pipes of the super-rich our grip must tighten if we are to catch any crumbs that might be dropped our way in the future (Koh, Wissink and Forrest, 2016).
The City’s own strength is simultaneously the wider city’s Achilles heel. While the economic role of the City is well understood, its asymmetrical dominance in the structure of the urban economy presents risks (Christensen, Shaxson and Wigan, 2016). For the price of a cup of coffee any economic geographer will tell you that a key danger for any single-industry town is that it is more likely to die or be filleted as changing fortunes become apparent over time due to competition from rivals. Where in the past such change wrought devastation on the likes of Glasgow, Middlesbrough, Birmingham and the rest of a long list, it may yet be that London’s fate is to see many of its core services lost to the Dublins, Paris’ or Frankfurts of this world. Analysts are now pondering the question of how many individual bankers or institutions will leave after an exit from the EU. The likely answers appear to be thousands and, well who knows! Even if banks are not as mobile as the currencies and services they deal in an orderly or partial evacuation over years remains a real possibility.
When the good times rolled prior to the Brexit vote (please bear with me here if you were on a waiting list, crammed two to a room or saving for that elusive deposit to get on the housing ladder) we were told not to touch the market, maintain a low tax environment to enable overseas monies to flow and benefit the wider city. With the risks to the city’s economy from Brexit this logic asserts itself more emphatically, leaving a city with an apparently very large neon ‘for sale’ sign above it. Many of its most prized assets are now the property of foreign wealth funds or individuals (Harrods, The Shard, Harvey Nicholls). Much of the commercial property on the street on which the Sloane Ranger of the 1980s was born is now owned by the Qatari sovereign wealth fund. These changes are emblematic of concurrent shifts in class and taste and reflect a move from gentry and landed wealth (Webber and Burrows, 2016) to the arrival of an expanding cadre of those who have benefited immeasurably from globalization, the lucky control of state assets or associations with international criminal activity. Their brashness and raw money power is perhaps only matched by the vitriol cast on them by the last vestiges of wealthy long-term residents in the city’s inner West who appear not to realise that it is others in their class that put up the ‘for sale’ sign in the first place.
It’s the money stupid…
The most obvious answer to any question we might wish to ask about London’s problems today is money. Money is why our political interests turn a blind eye to offshore and criminal purchasing of real estate, no matter how shady the source. Money is the reason that public housing is being demolished in the name of ‘affordable’ housing. Money is why gentrification is a good thing and poor residents might be better placed elsewhere. Money lies at the heart of keeping taxes low and regulations slack. Money is the reason for the new dead spaces along much of the Thames and beyond. The city shaped by this dominating rationality is like a negative doughnut, wealth and high-rise housing in its core that falls away to suburbs increasingly marked by slow physical decay and an enlarged presence of the city’s poor. Our claim to world standing is to play host to the most ultra-high net-worth individuals of any city globally – 4,750 living within its boundaries and around 80 billionaires (Knight Frank, 2017). Such boasts appear poor slogans for a city that has become a sorting machine for opportunity and fortune – the rich in one door, the poor out of others, necessary casualties of a city dominated by a prime real estate and finance economy.
London’s dead homes are the offspring of demands for the unfettering of markets and ambitious urban remaking. Yet we also need to recognise that for many others the city’s new architecture indicates that we are moving in the right direction. Here the notorious assessment of the new director of Zaha Hadid architects, Patrick Schumacher, was a frank disclosure of the values circulating among some practices – pave over Hyde Park, remove public housing, let the market really rip and dictate who gets to live here. Surely, he suggested, everyone knows we benefit from dinner parties in the homes of the rich? Misjudging the views of the wider audience of these comments (the new mayor, for one, slammed his ideas) such ideas remain dominant among those whose bread is buttered by capital. Meanwhile protecting municipal housing, alleviating real poverty in a rich city, wider regional inequalities or caring for the elderly and disabled are seen as unfortunate by-products of a system damaged by the legacy of a previous government. The prospects for challenging the overall direction of the city and its politics appear miserable (Atkinson et al 2017).
Twenty years ago, before Meet the Russians Channel 4’s show, Big Train, offered a skit in which the jewel of London’s hotel establishment was sold to a wealthy oligarch. There would be few changes, the new owner briefed staff, but a small request – to change the name from the Ritz to the Titz. Such possibilities have become thinkable. The culture-shock and clash of capital against everyday life are features of a city that is barely working for its working population. Gross excess is now a mainstay of many reality TV programs on the super-rich, their tastes and demands gawped at by millions where the unnecessary is the very mark of success. More, bigger, shinier, emptier.
The ranks of towers on the banks of the Thames are born of a deep-seated market subjectivity which, in turn, moulds the thinking of those seeking to capture the desires of the hypermobile wealthy. If we build them, they might come, if we don’t, we are screwed. We can speculate on what will happen to a city that knows the price of everything and the value of nothing. The good times of high rollers and flagship buildings did little for the mere mortals of the city, yet the future holds the prospect that anxiety and economic insecurity will mean that the rich are welcomed with even more firmly open arms.
Authors note: This piece is dedicated to those that died in the Grenfell Tower disaster, a 24-storey public housing tower block in the London borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
Aalbers, M.B. and Christophers, B. (2014) Centring Housing in Political Economy, Housing, Theory and Society, 31, 4, pp. 373-394.
Atkinson, R., Parker, S., and Burrows, R. (2017, forthcoming) Elite Formation, Power and Space in Contemporary London, Theory, Culture and Society.
Atkinson, R., Burrows, R., Glucksberg, L., Ho, H.K., Knowles, C. and Rhodes, D. (2017) Minimum City? The Deeper Impacts of the ‘Super-Rich’ on Urban Life, Chapter in Cities and the Super-Rich, London: Palgrave, pp. 253-271.
Christensen, J., Shaxson, N. and Wigan, D. (2016) The finance curse: Britain and the world economy, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 18, 1, pp. 255-269.
Cunningham, N. and Savage, M. (2017) An intensifying and elite city: New geographies of social class and inequality in contemporary London, City, pp. 1-22. Online first available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2016.1263490
DCLG (2016) Households on Local Authority Waiting Lists, Live Table 600, London: Department of Communities and Local Government.
Engelen, E., Fround, J., Johal, S., Salento, A. and Williams, K. (2016) How Cities Work: A Policy Agenda for the Grounded City, CRESC Work Paper 141, Manchester: CRESC. Available at: hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/cresc/workingpapers/wp141.pdf
Fromm, E. (1973) The Anatomy of Human Destruction, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Gask, K. and Williams, S. (2015) Analysing Low Electricity Consumption Using DECC Data, London: Office for National Statistics.
Graham, S. (2017) Vertical: The City from satellites to Bunkers, London: Verso.
Greenwood, G. (2017) Homeless Families Rehoused out of London ‘up five-fold’, BBC News: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-39386587 Accessed 16 June 2017.
Ho, H. K. and Atkinson, R. (2017) Looking for Big ‘Fry’: The Motives and Methods of Middle-Class International Property Investors, Urban Studies, pp. 1-17. Online first at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0042098017702826
Jackson, E. and Benson, M. (2014) Neither ‘Deepest, Darkest Peckham’nor ‘Run‐of‐the‐Mill’ East Dulwich: The Middle Classes and their ‘Others’ in an Inner‐London Neighbourhood, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38, 4, pp. 1195-1210.
Koh, S.Y., Wissink, B. and Forrest, R. (2016) Reconsidering the super-rich: variations, structural conditions and urban consequences, Chapter in: Hay, I. and Beaverstock, J. (Eds.), Handbook on Wealth and the Super-Rich, London: Edward Elgar, pp.18-40.
Knight Frank (2017) The Wealth Report: The Global Perspective on Prime Property and Investment, London: Knight Frank.
Marcuse, P. and Madden, D. (2016) In Defense of Housing: The Politics of Crisis, London: Verso Books.
Minton, A. (2012) Ground Control: Fear and happiness in the twenty-first-century city, London: Penguin.
Minton, A. (2017) Big Capital: Who is London For? London: Penguin.
New London Architecture (2016) Tall Buildings Survey, London: New London Architecture.
Scanlon, K., Whitehead, C., and Blanc, F. with Moreno-Tabarez, U. (2017) The Role of Overseas Investors in the London New-Build Residential Market, London: LSE/Homes for London.
Shaxson, N. (2011) Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men Who Stole the World, London: Bodley Head.
Sudjic, D. (2006) The Edifice Complex: How the Rich and Powerful, and Their Architects, Shape the World, London, Penguin.
Transparency International (2017) Faulty Towers: Understanding the Impact of Overseas Corruption on the London Property Market, London: Transparency International.
Wallace, A., Rhodes, D. and Webber, R. (2017) Overseas Investors in London’s New-Build Housing Market, York: Centre for Housing Policy, University of York.
Watt, P. (2016) A nomadic war machine in the metropolis: En/countering London’s 21st-century housing crisis with Focus E15. City, 20 (2), pp.297-320.
Webber, R. and Burrows, R., (2016) Life in an Alpha Territory: Discontinuity and conflict in an elite London ‘village’. Urban studies, 53 (15), pp. 3139-3154.
[1] Even the London mayor’s response to the reports commissioned by him to look into overseas investment recognised “international investment plays a vital role in providing developers with the certainty and finance they need to increase the supply of homes and infrastructure for Londoners” https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jun/13/foreign-investors-snapping-up-london-homes-suitable-for-first-time-buyers
This entry was posted in Austerity, Cities, London, Segregation, Super-rich, Wealth on September 21, 2017 by rowlandatkinson2014.
The Plan? Wealth, Housing Need and Austerity
I have never been quite sure where it is from but I have a copy of a cartoon in my office called ‘The Plan’. In six frames it shows the ebb and flow, back and forth, of affluent and poor-black households in US cities, first changing places in the inner city and then in the suburbs. Yet research on gentrification suggests otherwise – with tens and sometimes hundreds of thousands of urban households displaced via the attention of higher-income households and investors to areas in which poorer households congregated (these are major currents of the urban politics of cities like San Francisco with debate moving from a concern with yuppies to Silicon Valley employees and rocketing house prices, or London with its influx of super-rich and international investment capital in the new-buiold apartment market). The lack of investment in such neighbourhoods, by landlords and owners, meant that properties in these locations offered a bonus dividend – invest here and prices might align themselves with higher prices elsewhere. The search for ‘gentrifiable’ properties and ‘up-and-coming’ neighbourhoods has been a key strand in the story of property wealth in the US and UK over the past twenty years. To understand gentrification is to provide a window on the otherwise closed workings of the economy and the politics of homeownership that permeates our culture today, in short – who are the winning and losing groups in society today?
The image of the affluent upping sticks and landing wherever suits them best in my cartoon may seem an unproblematic story, indeed one that is emblematic of what we have become as a flexible, location-maximising constituency of worker-homeowners. But who is this ‘we’? Some years ago I attended a policymaker forum in Melbourne convened at the onset of the global financial crisis. Here Australian Federal bank officials rationalised the story of low interest rates, arguing that they had benefited the macro-economy and the needs of ‘us’ homeowners. Well, even in Australia homeownership (like the US and UK) remains at just over two-thirds of households so it is not the embracing form of ‘we’ that we might want to refer to (data analysis on our project on London’s supe-rich shows that owner occupation has declined from 56% of households to 50%, the big gains going to owner-investor landlords benefitting from a rise in private renting from 17 to 26%). In all of this the self-identified role of many politicians and public bankers has been legitimated through reference to keeping things rolling nicely for ‘us’. Indeed those who would like to join ‘us’, aspirational owners seeking to get on that ladder of wealth creation and relative personal security, are also critical to understanding a large part of the banking/housing crisis – asset values rose because the architectures of the state and private finance were fundamentally aligned to fulfil the desire of existing and prospective homeowners, even as this project generated the basis for the current catastrophe as low income owners and their debt poisoned the new products built upon them.
‘Cherish Public Housing’ – Poster on HK train.
As David Harvey (1) has eloquently argued, the crisis was underpinned by the ‘fix’ needed by capitalism to expand after ‘local’ supplies of labour and opportunity diminished. As labour and commodities came to be supplied more cheaply by countries like China and India a further stage of expansion could only be effectively generated by allowing consumers, many of them not at all well-off, to become indebted over increasing timeframes and using new products in ‘sub-prime’ deals, offered to millions of low-income households in the US. With the house of cards that this situation created now very much collapsed the costs, we were told, should not be borne by these financial institutions and, under an increasingly transparent ideological project, continue to be tackled through cutting the cost of public services. Critically, one of the many manifest outcomes of these cuts will be the way that the state provision and particular geography of public and private rental housing in major cities like London. Three key issues can be identified that need to be understood to make sense of what now appears to be happening to public housing and, by extension, to poorer households in our cities:
The sense that public housing is a tarnished state project that is so stigmatised in the public eye and its households so economically marginal that reducing its costs is deemed politically desirable (by making conditions so bad that others are not inclined to want to use such services) and fiscally commonsense;
Public housing, in its ‘estate’ form, represents an opportunity to contain the mad, bad and sad in spaces that can be policed and monitored by a punitive welfare regime that sees benefit uptake as a kind of deviance (literally not that which ‘normal’ or included society does) – demolition and the thinning-out of such pockets is seen as desirable and will make way for new rounds of capital investment and opportunities for international capital and high income households, and;
The concentration of economic losers and social stress in public housing generates risks to included society (such as through criminality and anti-social behaviour) that higher-income groups seek to avoid by using housing and schooling systems as a means of insulating themselves from the risk of contact with poorer households (the ‘dinner party test’ is useful in establishing such practises – good schools are identified not through academic merit so much as by the ‘kind’ of children that go there, academic performance can then be used as a proxy measure for the social composition of schools).
This social, political and economic context has helped soften-up public housing for the onslaught of the current political regime. Housing benefit in the private rental sector has been capped and rents in public housing have moved closer to (up to 80%) of market rents where possible. These plans bring us back to the low status of public housing assistance in the UK. However, these new interventions should not only be attacked because they will not work and will displace poorer households, rather they should also be understood as the products of ideas and values shaped by affluent interests and lifestyles. These values are generated by the sheltered personal biographies and daily spatial pathways of policymakers who have little experience of such conditions or the impact of their proposals. Indeed our political elite are active in a process of insulating themselves; both from the risks generated by the social exclusion derived from the cuts themselves, and from paying for the current predicament. The callousness of political priorities is generated by the social pathways and deeper class interests of the wider spectrum of political elites who, for them and the constituencies they represent, refuse to allow the prospect that recent decades of massive wealth generation should be clawed-back, taxed or otherwise captured to tackle the crisis and re-build municipal and civic facilities.
A front page from The Observer (2) brings fifty years of research on gentrification and its impact on the urban poor to the forefront of debates about the changes that will result from government commitments to erode the security of public and private tenants. Many will be displaced from high-cost neighbourhoods and, as Saskia Sassen (3) has recently argued, provide golden opportunities for accumulation by a locked-out aspirational class of prospective homeowners who so want homes at affordable prices in places that will be seen as the investment and gentrification hotspots of the future. While some commentators were aggrieved at earlier government ‘plans’ to engender local social mix as a form of gentrification in fact this plan appears to be something much more emphatically ambitious – deploying a crisis of capitalism as an opportunity to displace the poorer and middle classes and benefit investors (in much the same way that Naomi Klein (4) has described as endemic feature of our economic system). What is even more remarkable about the socially constructed parameters of current debate is that many of us have ingested the logic of cuts and requirements of corporate capital and attacking each other as the illegitimate beneficiaries of bloated state expenditure. This discursive race to the bottom of social insecurities and labour-market flexibilities will simultaneously provision a spatial switch as low-paid workers and benefit recipients make way for higher income tenants (in public and private rental accommodation) and owners (taking advantage of sales of repossessed housing). Cities like London will be for the rich, its hinterlands for a subsistence poor desperate to take work on almost any conditions in lieu of the assurances of the state (the argument that the private sector will not be capable of substituting for public employment is logical, yet we can see how highly indebted and insecure households may yet make abundant, cheap and flexible labourers for it).
There is something almost awe-inspiring in the scale of subterfuge on offer. Unashamed by their inability to predict or counter the excesses and collapse of the system many economists continue to debate and determine the direction of cuts, rather than their need. Instead of building common assurances and securities through a state that is seen as the product of a leviathan built of ‘us’ there remains massive cultural investment in a discourse of self-interest and wealth accumulation as the vehicle to personal welfare and insecurity from economic risks. This bind between property wealth and politics perhaps helps to explain the more muted response to cuts so far in the UK when compared with other countries, yet it is unlikely that so extensive a roadmap will not radicalise a much broader range of social groups and interests.
Those spaces likely to be more resilient to a possible second economic downturn are inhabited by the lifeblood of political authority and planning today. For these groups their daily spatial circuits and friendships rarely cross with those who will see the social catastrophe and toxicity that will be sewn into many such localities for years to come (often on already lengthy histories of economic marginality and community decline). Political life has, whether it is of the left or right, largely failed to prevent the excesses of corporate-political agendas seeking the bottoming-out of wages and social benefits – for many people it is not at all clear how to respond or articulate an effective response that might challenge such alienating projects. It has also palpably failed to reduce inequalities in ways that might bring fairness and safety from the harms generated by economic secondaryness. The horrorshow of child neglect, para-criminal ambition as substitutes for legitimate careers, anti-social behaviour, incivility and the death of personal fulfilment via secure modes of work and community life will be the inter-generational gift of the ongoing plans of our political establishment.
This is an extended and updated version of a piece that first appeared as ‘Cities for the Rich’ in Le Monde Diplomatique.
Harvey, D. (2010) The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism, Profile Books.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/oct/24/exodus-poor-families-from-london
Sassen, S. (2010) A Savage Sorting of Winners and Losers: Contemporary Versions of Primitive Accumulation, Globalizations, 7, ½, pp. 23-50.
Klein, N. (2008) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, London: Penguin.
This entry was posted in Austerity, Crime, Gentrification, Homelessness, Housing, Neoliberalism, Poverty, Public policy, Super-rich, Wealth, Welfare on January 23, 2015 by rowlandatkinson2014.
Thinking the pro-social
Social researchers spend so much time considering problems of inequality, crime, poverty, ill-health and related questions that they rarely have time to pause and consider more utopian, counter-factual ideas, to step outside the ‘realities’ and constraints of needing to be policy relevant or palatable for other audiences. Many of us act in ways that are self-disciplining, if not self-defeating – we make careful pre-judgements about who will listen and this often prevents us from making proposals or running ideas that might make the world a, dare we say it, better place. This has long been the case but in the context of contemporary forms of unparalleled inequality, ecological crisis and economic instabilities the role and perhaps duty of social researchers is to draw on their evidence and intervene effectively in helping social conversations about these issues. It doesn’t strike me as a terribly partisan comment to suggest that the UK coalition government and its new round of proposed cuts is inherently anti-social (not least because the mainstream alternative/s offer much of the same). Indeed it has managed to triumph in promoting a worldview that suggests precisely any other argument around taxation, spending and investment is either loopy or some kind of powerful ultra-leftist viewpoint that would endanger civilization as we know it.
Today’s economic, political and social environment undermines everyday social life as notions of the shared, the public, the municipal and common space have been fundamentally challenged. The global financial crisis has ended-up granting energy and fresh confidence to narratives that legitimise cuts to the funding of public services, disinvestments in diversionary and creative programmes for vulnerable groups and fresh rounds of public asset stripping. The apparent logic of such attacks is that we cannot afford, do not need and should not pay for arrangements, institutions and provisions that are shared or collectively provided. Yet social investigation now tells us, through convincing and in-depth investigations (like that of Pickett, Wilkinson, Sassen, Piketty and Dorling) that gross inequalities, absences of social insurance and expulsions from citizenship and common provision generate expanding forms of hardship and social problems.
It appears increasingly evident that the kinds of social distress, climate change and other modern evils cannot be contained in convenient or cost-free ways to the wider population. We appear to be seeing the ‘escape’ of social problems from traditionally vulnerable spaces and populations to include those who have more often been able to avoid such problems has led to renewed efforts by the affluent to insulate themselves from these risks (I wrote about this sometime ago as a ‘cut’ in which the affluent are now able to insulate themselves from the costs of inequality that has diminished arguments for promoting greater equality or progressive taxation).
We now find that a number of problems (insecurity, fear, ill-health, violence, education and reducing social mobility) are being exacerbated by new rounds of value extraction from the public realm in the name of increasing efficiencies and economic growth. New forms of anxiety, hardship and concealed exclusion appear to mark this situation, with mounting concern about the long-term consequences of dismantling a variety of forms of common provision and mechanisms that might guard against extreme wealth and income inequalities (notably the NHS but also systems such as water). One critical basis for arguing against this ongoing disaster is to suggest that we are more capable and happy as private, free citizens when freed against the excesses and intrusion of such a dominant corporate-political sphere of influence. In other words, strong forms of municipal provision, affordable health, education, meaningful and financially rewarding work lead not only to some mad vision of a more equal society – they offer deeper and substantial rewards in the form of personal emancipation, freedom and self-realisation than in societies marked by declining public investments and provision. In such contexts what we find is not only troubling forms of social damage and loss (to say nothing of the revolting levels of excessive wealth and consumption by the affluent amidst poverty) but also diminished forms of self, community that ride alongside the vision of a minimal state and corporate capture of assets and profits.
With social and policy thinking often fixed on notions of the anti-social it appears timely to consider the value and limits of the social itself, of the kinds of mechanisms for community participation and self-realisation amidst these powerful social and economic forces. The position of the academy in relation to these debates and to questions of social resilience, emancipation, social justice, the nature of collectivity and forms of social sustenance and protection are also raised by this context. The real lie amidst all of this is that there are sides to choose from when the systemic logic of markets that pervades and dictates so many areas of social life is antagonistic to almost all visions of a sustainable, enjoyable, healthy life for all.
This entry was posted in Austerity, Cities, Inequality, Super-rich and tagged austerity, Cities, education, government, health, inequality, neoliberalism, poverty, social policy, wealth on December 5, 2014 by rowlandatkinson2014.
Is the UK fair?
Some people may think that choosing to tax the assets of the wealthy is as random as choosing to tax water but surely there is some logic to it. One of the more interesting aspects of what has been said about the very wealthy and the institutions that they run is that they have had a disproportionate impact on the kinds of policies and currents of thinking operating in political life. Although it sounds rather like old school Marxist theories of knowledge the argument is essentially that there has been a capturing of agendas, decisions and frameworks for policymaking by financial institutions, the wealthy and the powerful intermediaries that work across these spaces. On the one hand this has meant politicians have felt the financial services sector is so important that all other decisions are secondary to the need to ensure their vitality. In short, this has lead to bailouts for banks and the collective paying-down of debt as a result. Not only has this been a slowly unfolding social disaster over the past six years or so but even more perversely we inhabit a media and political culture that has very successfully made discussion of taxation and progressive resourcing of the public realm an apparent mad house that no one should bear to entertain.
Not long ago I was invited to give a presentation at a meeting organised by the York People’s Assembly on whether Britain seems fair. I took this as a rather rhetorical opening for a debate about why Britain is broken, broke or both and this is a kind of summary of the things I tried to get across in that session.
The best social research on crime, education, jobs, housing and so on is that these remain problems, that access to opportunity is a key issue and that it is the familiar groups and places that are faring badly.
We need to decide whether the arrangements and social structures we see around us are justified, due to chance, to hard work or because we live in a rigged system that will continue to produce and reproduce low paid, sick, poorly educated, under-employed and groups deemed to be deviant and workshy by a media system looking for cheap stories or, worse, under the editorial control of uncritical or partisan news media empires (and the BBC increasingly appears to be acting in such ways too).
In Herbert Gans’ essay The Positive Functions of Poverty he pokes fun at the establishment by saying that we NEED poverty, it provides jobs for social workers and other state professionals, it gives us something to wring our hands over and ponder the morality of others and it provides energy for the politics of the left. As a community we certainly seem to enjoy moralising and pointing at the broken social wrecks of our economy and policy decisions – Benefits Street is one of several examples of the kind of voyeurism and social spitefulness that has become embedded in our culture today.
On politics – the mindset of contemporary social life is co-opted to the rhythms of indebtedness (including that generated by homeownership), resistance and protest are unthinkable, it is also often seen as futile and increasingly severely repressed, the shiny baubles of the information age distract us and reduce our energy or attention to social problems (ipads, videogames, pornography).
The position of many is to adopt what Fromm called the marketing personality, we sell ourselves and calculate our worth or failure in our successes or failures in work – keep your head down, play by the rules and hope your number isn’t called.
Implicit in the choices of many is what Iain Angell positively describes as a kind of new barbarianism – we make decisions based on personal gain, made to feel we are on our own by government (commodification of state assurances) driven by commercial imperatives. We see this culture all around us – a robbing of the social commons by political and corporate elites to take what they can before someone else does so. You better get educated, get a ticket to the right job in an increasingly precarious labour market, move to a gated community and insure yourself by investing in your health, taking those common goods that help you (good schools and public health systems) while arguing for low taxes and the dismantling of inefficient welfare systems. Just hope you don’t end up on the wrong side of the fence because then it really will be game over.
Piketty gives us the startling overview and Harvey the mechanisms underlying much of what is going on. Their apparent radicalism is to propose, in Piketty’s case, that no one can win in a system so rigged towards the favouring of those who already own so much. Countries like the US, France and UK are all similar in this. The interesting thing here is that Piketty is on the inside – he sees a core value in capitalism but he would like to be more just and, as Harvey once said in questions at a lecture, social deomocracy would be a start. In Harvey’s case the analysis focuses on the points of weakness (the contradictions) for those who argue that a system so unequal, so destructive to nature and prone to continuous and costly disaster is the only game in town. In Piketty’s case he has been picked up by the financial press and globally by those who see his incredible data and analysis, and a route map for dealing with the worst excesses, but he is no apologist, citing his own up-bringing in the communist era as a kind of education against alternatives. Harvey’s popularity lies in his dogged exposition of Marxist analysis of the system and his ‘translation’ of Marx via a chapter by chapter analysis of lectures freely placed online (to say nothing of his standing as a critical geography for more than forty years). Moreover David Harvey is gauging that theft, extortion, organised crime, financial usury and the rigged financial system is part of how the system now works and money is concentrated and reproduced in a neoliberal class. So the project of neoliberalism was an attempt to regain the returns and position of the elite that it had occupied in the early part of the century and as Piketty’s data now shows – they have got it back, and more!
For the criminologist John Lea, crime has become part of the engine as well as the exhaust of the system – well, we might also say that unfairness and inequality are also part of the engine and the exhaust of the machine – we need them to make the gains accrue to capital, even worse is that the middle classes or increasingly pervasive and can see that they have a common interest with the low and no-paid against rampant contracting-out, crony capitalism, privatisation and asset stripping. In all of this we need to remember that there is a political economy to wealth and housing – politicians continue to work towards sustaining the contradictions, offering more subsidies for the weakest buyers (instead of reducing inequalities, taxing property wealth, or programming towards a long term flattening of house prices). Do you want your house value to go up or to see other people housed? Interestingly perhaps the continued dipping of owner occupation among younger households may mean that this dynamic shifts in their favour and away from the expansion of private renting fiefdoms by those who have already done very well.
Increasing polarisation and anti sociological posturing, immigrants, benefits street style treatments, lack of recognition of money poverty and conditions – scape goating, distractions
Some suggestions
Stop focusing on the poor, turn the heat and light upwards!
Role of the universities – Orientation to policy is for the most-part a falsehood – policymakers and politicians look for justifications, rather than evidence, they may remain elite insitituions but as spaces for free thinking and for investigating our social and economic condition they remain unrivalled.
In the past the argument for reform and social investment of the kind seen in Piketty’s analysis in the post war period was that these were necessary to stifle dissent, were based on the need for principles of social investment and democracy and that ultimately we all paid the price for opting out of taxes in the kind of degraded public realm that all could see. Now the good (or bad) news is that we can retreat from the negative externalities of the system (disorder, bored youth, crime, poor public services) to private estates, gated communities and to private education and health services.
The social construction of policy-maker realities – The political elite is in many ways divorced from witnessing social difference and the effects of their own policy programmes. They are wealthy and schooled in leafy areas away from zones that had already seen massive social losses of all kinds. The danger of a socially insulated executive is the possibility not only of ideologically charged assaults on the poor, but a callous and indignant approach to inequality more generally. To go back to the beginning, the very wealthy are served by the quite wealthy and almost unconsciously collude in each other’s needs.
Raise taxes fairly on income, land and property to progressively pay down debts where and if needed. Piketty’s proposals for massive taxes on private wealth should be debated far and wide. Public housing, the NHS and other collectively funded forms of social insurance and provision that make us safer, healthier, better educated need protecting from an assault by the logic of the market that will deliver new forms of inequality just as it generates new dividends to the corporations waiting in the wings.
This entry was posted in Area effects, Citizenship, Inequality, Politics, Super-rich, Urban policy on November 21, 2014 by rowlandatkinson2014.
The barbarian manifestos
All of the major political parties operate with barbarian manifestos, all appear to represent (either through ideological fervour or the game of second-guessing what ‘we’, the electorate, apparently want) the needs of capital, private interests via the selling-off of public assets (the NHS, public spaces, security, hospitals, schools, the post office). This politically mediated theft has been pursued in lieu of a more progressive agenda that might begin to target the staggering wealth of the very few globally and nationally, and the protection of that wealth by seeking cuts to publicly funded projects and programmes instead of personal or corporate wealth. All of this arguably makes this it an easy time to be a housing or urban policy analyst since there isn’t much going on except for persistent thinking about what to do with very little or no money.
The great triumph of Big Society thinking is that deep down there are indeed many people who believe communities, rather than these kinds of government, can do a better job. So there is a real need for urban, housing and social studies to be premised more firmly on equitable forms of taxation and resourcing, instead of austerity. Despite the massive popularity of thinkers like David Harvey and Thomas Piketty we appear to have not produced either a key thought leader or mainstream set of principles capable of advancing such goals. Attempting to face-down the prospect of being portrayed as radical for stepping outside the narrow boundaries of political thinking set by government and conventional news media is a hard prospect indeed. We need to adopt an unblinking fearlessness to such views however; based on the raft of data and analysis globally that points to the condensation of wealth, the social disaster of austerity and the pursuit of short-term gains by various elites. The very moderate arguments for municipal, public and shared forms of provision and infrastructure also need to be part of such arguments. If we want to discuss problems like housing provision, health and our welfare we will need to start with prescriptions that do not start by tinkering with less resource, contracting-out or other substitutes – we need to state up-front that there is a cost and, indeed, that we as a community can bare such costs given our combined wealth. Unfortunately this position has been eschewed by many on the political left, while the media has ignored or viewed as risible those asking for tax justice. In this sense those who work to such principles are seen to be asking for the world, or as fantasists not facing-down the reality of budget deficits – even while we know that even a handful of billionaires could wipe-out poverty world-wide. Positions of corporate and individual wealth, so carefully and constructively attacked by Piketty’s detailed empirical analysis, need to be challenged or they are increasingly likely to be shamed to action by a more vocal public no longer willing to tolerate their disproportionate take, all the while aided by a subconsciously compliant political class. I doubt it is only me that feels these points are so glaringly obvious, just as they appear to be so clearly off the map of current political leadership and action.
This entry was posted in Inequality, Piketty, Politics, Poverty, Super-rich, Wealth on November 7, 2014 by rowlandatkinson2014.
The random neighbourhood: Bringing concentrated wealth into the concentrated poverty debate
The unfair distribution of wealth and income today are increasingly at the forefront of social debate. These arguments appear to be rising in intensity, largely because new media systems have made allowed data and insights to circulate more quickly and clearly. It is likely that you have heard that roughly 80 people own half of the entire globe’s wealth, and similar figures that highlight these massive disparities. But it is also important to think spatially in relation to these questions. London has become a kind of gilded ghetto, a series of positive area effects in which wealth brings more wealth and the agglomeration of unparalleled cultural and financial infrastructures drives further investment. Being wealthy in London allows access to these services and shows how space matters and its attributes drive the residential decisions of the wealthy. This is, of course, in some contrast to the conditions of many neighbourhoods and more deprived households whose position has been further distressed, not only by austerity but the almost wholesale exit of public strategies to address market failure, social and regional disparities. Where the neighbourhood was central to policy interventions it is now side-lined amidst a race to further concentrate capital investment in London and among other existing winners.
There is a palpable anger about inequality that is being channelled and given weight by the cumulative evidence of meticulous analyses. Piketty’s book on Capital in the 21st Century and Dorling’s Inequality and the 1% are good source books with which to face-down dominant ideas that circulate in political and media circuits used to justify why government debt cannot be allowed to escalate, why more equitable taxation as a means to address deficits cannot be used to resolve current conditions and how large the yawning gulf is between the majority of the population and its well-paid and wealthy elites really is. This has made these issues new-found targets that are fair game for debate and criticism.
Let’s go back to the question of how to understand these issues in spatial terms. How do places pull us back or help us to move forward? These are long-standing concerns that underpin urban policies designed to iron-out the worst wrinkles in the uneven social patchwork of market failure and social distress – tackling uneven economic opportunities and social outcomes. In all of this the idea of the neighbourhood effect, of the compounding disadvantages that people face when living side-by-side with many other people with few or no resources, was a powerful theory. Of course in such conditions it isn’t the neighbourhood itself that magically acts to hold people back, but a range of social and economic effects generated by, for example large numbers of unruly kids in a classroom, the lack of role models in the neighbourhood, the increased risk of victimisation from acquisitive criminals and so on. These ideas are not without their controversies, many have left ideas of an underclass and of concentrated poverty because of their relation to paternalistic policies and indeed regressive explanations of those problems.
Areas of concentrated deprivation are produced by at least two key factors – first, a population of households and individuals generated by the economic system we inhabit (so obvious yet so very important!) and second by the nature of public and private housing systems that sort people into estates and neighbourhoods with bundles of more or less desirable qualities and proximity to essential services, amenities and employment opportunities. One way of thinking about the impact of this social mosaic is to consider a thought experiment. Imagine twins who, at birth and incredibly cruelly, were separated and moved to the most affluent and deprived neighbourhoods in the country. What experiences, challenges and advantages do you think they would each face as a result of developing in these different contexts? Such an experiment goes some way to forcing us to think about how we might plan to tackle general levels of deprivation, but also think through how to encourage more socially diverse areas.
One possible way to imagine a template for neighbourhood planning would be to randomly allocate people to all local areas in the country. This interesting thought experiment forms the basis of an article by Danny Dorling and Phil Rees. Yet it isn’t a million miles away from the ambitions of planners to create socially diverse localities by engineering variables like housing tenure, building size and type and so on. The idea of a random neighbourhood that thereby draws in a good cross-section of people with varying incomes, class, gender, sexuality, occupations and ages can be used to think through the benefits of social mix and diversity – how they might be optimised to generate greater inclusion, lower reliance on services and a broader social base of daily contact. This image stands in contrast to the kinds of areas of concentrated deprivation and exclusion that we see in many towns and cities. This isn’t just about the lumpy areas of concentrated exclusion but also necessarily about the nature of concentrated wealth and its obliviousness to social distress.
Visions of what an optimal neighbourhood might be have arguably been stunted by the absence of interest in neighbourhoods by the current government, and no doubt the continued de-funding of policies that have been shown to make a difference at this level in the pursuit of deficit reductions. We don’t have neighbourhood policies, local programmes, forms of social investment and catalysts to mitigate against the way that capitalism will always tend to produce big winners and losers. Without recognition of the need to make concessions the kind of anger expressed at housing shortages (among many other areas of social need) are likely to become much more concerted, aggressive and generate wider appeal. Perhaps more importantly we need to look to and understand how the places and virtues of concentrated affluence and economic growth in the south-east shape the policy ambitions of our political elite. Their disconnection (from the lived reality of poor living environments, denuded public services) takes away any urgency to providing vehicles for mass employment in the post-Fordist heartlands. For those arguing that to improve our chances we should somehow get on our bikes and join the glittering economic heartlands of the south-east we need to recognise not only the segregation and distress of the capital itself but also how very broken and over-stressed that system is already. We need more imagination around local and regional planning as well taxes on wealth and income to even begin to start to redress these unacceptable gaps between rich and poor.
This entry was posted in Area effects, Austerity, Housing policy, Neighbourhoods, Poverty effects, Public policy, Segregation, Super-rich and tagged gentrification, inequality, London, rich, Super-rich, urban policy on October 17, 2014 by rowlandatkinson2014.
The poverty of urban research: London’s super-rich
Space matters, as geographers often like to say to sociologists – it also matters to the very wealthy who are overwhelmingly concentrated around the social asset-rich spaces of London’s super-prime property markets. Unless you have been living in a cave for the last few years this is an issue that is exercising rather a lot of people. What kind of a city has London become and who is it for? The project that I am co-leading with Roger Burrows (Goldsmiths) is focused on trying to understand the changes that the city has experienced alongside the massive increases in wealth, both from international and ‘local’ sources. Instead of looking down, as has often been criticised in sociological research, we are trying to look-up and understand the property markets, neighbourhoods, social circuits and wider impacts of these groups on the city.
For the super-rich and the merely very wealthy London works – it has relatively low levels of property taxation, unrivalled cultural and leisure circuits, sits astride the time line and is a relatively safe city, both to live and do business. But there is a much broader series of political questions that lurks in the background here – austerity, welfare cuts, stagnating housing supply, gentrification, estate demolitions and the general sense that London works for capital rather than its citizens. If anything we feel that this makes studying the rich a more urgent problematic – the displacement of low-income households in the city is by no means disconnected from the rising fortunes and investments of off-shore investors and to the insulated political lives of those making the decision to cut welfare and housing programmes. As we move into the research we are learning much more about how and why the wealthy are choosing London, as a place to live or as a place to park money for a time. Much of London’s gain has been generated by the chaos of other regions globally, or the relative intrusiveness of the state in other countries.
The social splitting-off of super-affluence represents one of the foremost challenges for applied social science. Fundamentally this relates to the lag between models of society, power and civic life and the growth, dynamics and effects of super-affluence that have not tended to be captured through these lenses. In a city like London it is clear that there are those investing in, but rarely living in, the city, but there are also many very wealthy people who seek to be in the city. What do these types of engagement and non/elective belonging imply for politics and fiscal policies?
Gaining contact and learning more is fraught with difficulty, one of the reasons ‘studying-up’ , though laudable, is so difficult in the first place. The very rich present us with difficulties precisely because they tend to challenge the ability of a public sociology to locate, understand and report on them. In many cases the very possibility of connection with such groups has evaporated, and the state already acknowledges this. In the past the traditional imperatives of research meant that work on elite was difficult – secretaries, various defensive and other power relationships kept social investigators at bay. But, more recently, services like the Australian Bureau of Statistics and US statistical authorities have expressed concern at what is effectively the growing myopia of the state to super rich citizens whose residential arrangements, such as gated communities, prevent their basic profiling. Instead of concern with unemployed and young males, the perennial problem group for survey researchers, we need to acknowledge the increasing opacity of affluent life – from the state and from public understandings of the full range of social life. The state sees unevenly, and appears to be predisposed to support most those it sees least.
London’s burgeoning high rise landscape appears to be driven by underground pipelines of capital flowing into the city from across the globe. London’s luck brings more luck, the longest run of a nationally-sanctioned pyramiding scheme in the form of its property market. Perhaps worst of all the city of Lanchester’s Capital is a heartless space, money talks and politicians listen. Hostility to migrants but not migrating money, to new homes but not to empty homes speak of a callous money-logic that trumps attempts at stating the case for the city as a place for communities, social life and nurturing spaces. How very old-fashioned and cringe-worthy even to suggest such things.
One Hyde Park, ultra prime market residences.
Any basic commitment to an equitable social and economic agenda should feel obliged to encompass these changes and move beyond speculation to learn more about the extent, lifestyles, attitudes and daily life of the very wealthy. Debates about taxation, house-building, civic engagement and urban politics cannot proceed without such insights. This is not to suggest that with knowledge might come political action or condemnation, but that we cannot achieve commitments to social equity and more just cities without it.
This entry was posted in Austerity, Housing, London, Neoliberalism, Poverty, Super-rich, World cities and tagged London, Super-rich, wealth on October 10, 2014 by rowlandatkinson2014.
Summary and action points from Alpha City
Klutism: Berman, New York and dialectical urbanism
Capital and ideology in the city
A User Guide for Pla… on Looking for Planet B – T…
Becoming a communive… on Becoming a communiversity: Thi…
Gareth Johnstone on Becoming a communiversity: Thi…
Cities under a Conse… on Cities under a Conservative go…
Going up? High Rise… on Going up? High Rise Housing, W…
Area effects
Autotomic space
No-go areas
Poverty effects
Property porn
Revanchism
Super-rich
Urban policy
Urban sound
Urban stress
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Wicked Wednesday: Sorority House Massacre (1986)
When choosing my last film for Women in Horror Month, I wanted to pick something that sounded a bit fun. When I saw this was another Roger Corman produced movie from the Slumber Party Massacre era, I thought this would be a great pick.
Unfortunately, Sorority House Massacre hardly offers up anything memorable.
Beth is a young university student who is spending the weekend at a sorority where her friends live. She spent her life living with her aunt, who had recently passed away, leaving Beth alone. As most of the students are away for the weekend, Beth and her three friends have the whole house to themselves.
When Beth first arrives, though, she begins to have some strange visions inside the house. They’re flashes of dreams or memories of the house being decorated in a different way, and a man appearing at times.
The girls agree to have a party, and as they receive the decorations, their boyfriends arrive. The kids settle in for what is definitely their last night on earth.
Meanwhile, somewhere else on that earth, a man named Bobby is spending his time as a patient at a mental hospital. He also begins to have visions, which make him act erratically. After being studied by his doctor, he manages to escape the hospital and steal a knife from a local store.
One of Beth’s friends tells the kids about the “ghost story” of the house. In a very Ronald DeFeo Jr way, a man murders his entire family one night, seemingly for no apparent reason. The story scares the pants out of Beth, who leaves the room and eventually falls asleep to have another nightmare. In this nightmare, she dreams of a stabbing.
When her friends wake her up from her screaming, she tells them about the dream. She takes them to the fireplace where she says the killer hid his knife. Though they’re reluctant to believe her, her friends do find an old knife hidden away in the bricks of the fireplace.
This is when, of course, the kids begin to get knocked off one by one. As she continues on unaware of the murders, Beth slowly realises that she has a connection to the murders that occurred in the house years before.
Bobby eventually gets in the house, and only Beth, Linda and Sara are left. But Sara gets herself killed when the girls are cornered in the back lawn. Before Bobby attacks her with his knife, though, he begins to call her by his another one of his sister’s names.
As Linda and Beth hide away, Beth admits that she thinks she’s Bobby’s sister. Bobby keeps calling her Laura. Laura being her real first name, and Beth her middle.
Unfortunately Beth and Bobby never really get that heart-to-heart siblings need to work things out. Bobby kills Linda after a few fake-out deaths, and Beth kills Bobby just as the police arrive.
Beth sees another vision of Bobby as she’s in the hospital. I think it’s meant to imply that Bobby might still be alive.
I mostly think she’s just a little stressed out. Maybe she should have taken that weekend to get away.
Sorority House Massacre was written and directed by Carol Frank. This being the only writing and directing credit to her name according to IMDB. There are some moments I did appreciate in this film, but I do have to acknowledge that Frank wrote some solid female friendships here. The girls actually felt like they wanted to protect each other in the end, and I really appreciate that.
But there wasn’t much originality in this. As mentioned, the back story was lifted from Amityville Horror with the sibling survival story from Halloween. Plus the visions of death very similar to Nightmare on Elm Street. If it’s going to be derivative, I’d at least expect some interesting little spin. But there isn’t here. No drill-guitar wielding demon from your dreams, either.
The psychic connection between brother and sister reminded me of Laurie Strode and Michael Myers. But I wish that this connection would have been more explained or explored further. I dunno. Just because she survived doesn’t really mean much to me. I think the film got sidetracked by throwing in a sorority (though there was very little sorority going-ons in this one).
I can see why this is a bit of a cult thing. For one, the script can be pretty bad. (“Do you think this place could be haunted?” “I think you’re haunted.”) But it also seems to have a bit of heart. It didn’t work for me, but such are things.
Also, at this point I’ve surely watched ever sorority-themed horror movie. Right? How could there be any more?
Those answers next time on Women in Horror Month.
Posted in Wicked Wendesday and tagged Sorority House Massacre, Women in Horror Month on February 28, 2018 by Krista Culbertson. Leave a comment
← Wicked Wednesday: XX (2017)
Wicked Wednesday: Invitation to Hell (1984) →
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Ask An Americanist, New Research
Ask an Americanist: Dr. Ben Wright
What led you to/sparked your interest in this area of research?
My life project—the question that wakes me up in the middle of the night and that I plan to address with all of my future work—is studying how religion inspires people of faith to confront, or sadly too-often perpetuate, white supremacy. Exploring the abolitionist movement was an obvious starting point.
Could you give us a brief overview of your monograph Bonds of Salvation?
The book explores how Christianity inspired and limited American abolitionism from the American Revolution through secession. It argues that the pursuit of salvation bound American Protestants together, forging nationalisms and laying the groundwork for the age of reform, including the rise of nationally-focused abolitionism. That abolitionism eventually destroyed the very same bonds of salvation, sundering the national Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist denominations and accelerating the divisions that led to secession, war, and ultimately emancipation.
It begins by unfolding ideologies of conversionism and purificationism in the late eighteenth century before chronicling how conversionists, in pursuit of salvation, built their national denominations. It then charts how those denominations launched the benevolent empire of reform, including the American Colonization Society. The ACS and its quixotic scheme depended on globalized conversionist logic and therefore the war over colonization became a battle over understandings of international salvation. By the early 1830s, a new generation of white abolitionists, inspired by black activists and buoyed by new theologies of causation, took aim at the logic of conversionism. The result split the national Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist denominations in 1837, 1844, and 1845 respectively. Once unmoored from one another, northern and southern Christians turned the pursuit of salvation into sectionalist aims, culminating in secession, war, and the end of chattel slavery.
Bonds of Salvation covers a lot of ground, stretching from the Revolutionary-era up until the eve of the Civil War. What was the reasoning behind your chosen time frame?
This book began in the eighteenth century and only later marched toward the Civil War. I wrote a MA thesis on the passage of the 1786 Virginia State for Religious Freedom and was really fascinated by the Baptists involved in that process. My original plan was to track their evolution on the issue of slavery. In 1789 many of those same Baptists signed a petition that lambasted slavery as “a violent deprivation of the rights of nature” and called on Virginians “to make use of every legal measure to extirpate this horrid evil from the land.” I was interested in understanding this process and the quick decline of antislavery among southern evangelicals. But I started my PhD work in 2008, and an explosion of great books on that very subject came out that year.[1]
I draw heavily on that work but I tried to tell a bigger story, a national story, about the ideas that made antislavery actions possible (and rare). I kept finding white Christians who privately attacked slavery yet never took any organized antislavery action. Understanding these men and women led me to the ideology of conversionism, and tracking conversionism pulled me deeper and deeper into the nineteenth century. My dissertation cut off in the 1830s, but for the book, I added a few chapters to track how abolitionist attacks on the conversionist consensus eventually undercut the colonizationist movement, tore apart the nation’s churches, and sent the nation on the path toward Civil War. Fortunately, the tenure clock saved me from myself and I had to stop writing. Without it, I would have been very tempted to carry the story into the postbellum era.
You note the benefit of re-adjusting our traditional anti-slavery categorizations of gradualism/immediatism to also consider purificationism/conversionism. Do you see these two dichotomies as existing alongside each other, or exclusive of one another?
In the late eighteenth century American Christians believed they were on the cusp of radical, transformative change, and that change would be brought most quickly and assuredly through expanding salvation. I call this ideology conversionism. The conversionist emphasis on salvation, however, led them to oppose coercive abolitionists in the early years of the nineteenth century, seeing their divisive agitation as distracting from the missions of salvation that would free everyone in this world and the next. A rival ideology, what I call purificationism led a small few to dissent and demand the removal of the sin of slaving prior to, or at least alongside, the work of extending salvation.
So to answer your question, most Christians valued both conversion and purification. In that way they certainly did exist alongside one another. However, each ideology led to different understandings of causation and nurtured rival strategies in responding to social injustice, including and especially the sin of slavery. Most white Christians chose to prioritize conversion over purification and as a result, most white Christians saw abolitionism as hindering the conversions that would bring salvation from both sin and slavery. By the later antebellum era, however, conversionist antislavery became consumed by conversionist anti-abolitionism. In this way, antislavery conversionists provided the most powerful weapon in the proslavery arsenal: the argument that abolitionism endangered the spread of salvation.
If you could choose a different time period or place to study, what would it be? (fun question)
I am in the early stages of lining up my next monograph. I’d like to build on the work I’ve done on the colonization movement and delve more deeply into how British and American missionaries crafted visions for empire that led to colonization in West Africa.
I tend to stay pretty busy maintaining (and hopefully soon extending) my textbook project, The American Yawp. I really enjoy the collaborative process we’ve created, and the necessity of thinking synthetically keeps things fresh. I’m also really interested in both the intellectual implications and practical applications of the digital humanities. Joe Locke (my American Yawp co-editor) and I have a piece that underwent an open review from the AHR about those issues (see ahropenreview.com).
But since you intended this as a fun question, I’ll admit that I spend a lot of time thinking through imaginary essays about the music of Bruce Springsteen. One of these days, those imaginary essays might turn into a manuscript…
Ben Wright is assistant professor of historical studies at the University of Texas at Dallas. His new book Bonds of Salvation: How Christianity Inspired and Limited American Abolitionism is available now from Louisiana State University Press: https://lsupress.org/books/detail/bonds-of-salvation/
[1] Charles F. Irons, The Origins of Proslavery Christianity: White and Black Evangelicals in Colonial and Antebellum Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008); Janet Moore Lindman, Bodies of Belief: Baptist Community in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008); Randolph Ferguson Scully, Religion and the Making of Nat Turner’s Virginia: Baptist Community and Conflict, 1740–1840 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008); Jewel Spangler, Anglican Monopoly, Evangelical Dissent, and the Rise of the Baptists in the Late Eighteenth Century (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008); Monica Najar, Evangelizing the South: A Social History of Church and State in Early America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
anzasaonline December 29, 2020
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I have not read everything on the universalist hope, nor have I read all of the books and articles that others deem essential. But I thought it might be helpful to others to share the essential stuff that I have read and found helpful:
Hilarion Alfeyev, The Spiritual World of Isaac the Syrian
I am recommending this book for its chapter on St Isaac’s eschatology. More than a few Orthodox priests have whispered to me: “I am a universalist at heart, but I can’t tell anyone. St Isaac convinced me.” Why the power of St Isaac’s writings? Because he knew the power and unconditionality of God’s love–hence his confidence that God will eventually win over the heart and mind of every human being and every demon.
_____, Christ the Conqueror of Hell
Unlike the Latin Fathers, many of the Eastern Fathers believed that when Christ descended to hades, he saved all of its inhabitants. This universality of the Lord’s paschal work is also reflected in the Orthodox Church’s hymnody. This is one reason why the greater hope simply will not go away in Orthodoxy.
Ambrose Andreano, “Patristic Universalism”
Andreano identifies the misconceptions many people have about what universalists believe and answers the common objections advanced against the greater hope.
_____, “The True Fate of ‘the So-called Devil’ in Origen”
Andreano explores what Origen really taught about the eternal destiny of Satan. Some fascinating material here. After you’ve read this, read Bulgakov’s essay “On the Question of the Apocatastasis of the Fallen Spirits.” Makes for an interesting comparison.
Andreas Andreapoulos, “Eschatology and final restoration (apokatastasis) in Origen, Gregory of Nyssa and Maximos the Confessor”
The universalist views of Origen and St Gregory Nyssen are well known, but what about St Maximus the Confessor. Andreapoulos believes that strands of Maximus’s eschatology intimate an openness to the universalist vision, despite the damnation passages that can be found in the Maximian corpus. Andreapoulos points to Maximus’s conviction that every human being will experience an eschatological healing of his gnomic will. When the Good is fully manifested in the parousia of Christ, why would anyone reject the Good?
_____, “Eschatology in Maximus the Confessor,” in The Oxford Handbook of Maximus the Confessor
Written a decade after his Theandros essay, and taking into account more recent scholarship, Andreapoulos elaborates on the eschatological perspectives of St Maximus. As in his earlier essay, he believes that the logic of Maximus’s ontological and anthropological reflections leave open the possibility of universal salvation. Regarding apokatastasis Andreapoulos concludes:
“On the one hand, Maximus foresees the restoration of the natural will and speaks of the purifying fire of the Second Coming, something that implies an end to the purification process, but, on the other hand, he emphasizes the final rest. Perhaps the answer can be found in a comment from the Q.Thal. 22 (Laga–Steel 1980: 139. 66–141. 80) where Maximus draws a distinction between the present age, the ‘age of the flesh’, which is characterized by doing, and the age of the Spirit that will be characterized by ‘undergoing’. This suggests that the final rest will not be a static rest, but that some kind of activity is conceivable. In addition, it is not specified if the activity of that age is limited to the righteous only: the analogy to the age of doing suggests the opposite. Is it possible, then, that with the mysterious phrase ‘ever-moving rest’ (ἀεικίνητος στάσις), the Confessor envisioned a rest similar to the unification of the soul with God, as described by Gregory of Nyssa, where the soul moves infinitely towards God without ever being able to reach the end of infinity, but experiencing and participating increasingly in the divine energies? The ‘undergoing’ of the sinful souls might then be translated into the contrition and repentance they never had in life, which could perhaps even then bring them closer to God, while the righteous advance in their blissful participation of the divine. Something like that would be consistent with the possibility of a final restoration of all and with Maximus’ views on the rest. This active rest would have to be understood as an unchangeable condition, in spite of the movement or undergoing of the souls, something that would satisfy its position at the end of the Maximian cosmological triad as the conclusion. It would also mean that it is not necessary to envision an ontological difference between the righteous and the wicked, as there is not one now.”
Paul Blowers has advanced a similar judgment in his recently published book Maximus the Confessor.
Hans Urs von Balthasar, Dare We Hope “That All Men Be Saved”?
Standing under the judgment of the Cross (and bound by Catholic dogma), we may not assert apokatastasis, says Balthasar; but we may—and indeed must—pray for the salvation of all. Universal restoration in Christ is a possibility for which we may hope, but can never be a certainty we may proclaim.
Balthasar did not convert me to the universalist hope. The seeds for that hope were planted back in the early 80s when Thomas Torrance and Robert Jenson taught me the unconditionality of the divine love. But Balthasar watered those seeds. Faith in the absolute love of God slowly began to grow into hope for a universalist Future. Eventually, though, I realized that I needed to proclaim a more confident, greater hope than Balthasar allows.
Tom Belt, “St Maximus the Confessor, Hell, and the Final Consummation”
Belt is not a patristic scholar and certainly not an expert on St Maximus (who is?), but he is a thoughtful reader and theologian. In this article he reflects on Maximus’s Ambiguum 7 and wonders whether Maximus’ metaphysics and understanding of God logically leads to universal salvation, whether or not the great Church Father connected the dots.
Richard Bernier, “Where is Everybody? Apokatastasis, Divine Charity and Human Freedom”
Bernier is a Byzantine Catholic theologian. In this thoughtful piece, he asks the question why should we question the doctrine of everlasting damnation. His answer is blunt: we must question it because it is “monstrous, plain and simple.”
Sebastian Brock, “St Isaac the Syrian and his Understanding of Universal Salvation”
Sebastian Brock is one of the foremost scholars in the world on Syriac Christianity. This essay is particularly valuable for the copious quotations from St Isaac on the theme of apokatastasis. If you are unable to purchase the Second Part of St Isaac’s discourses (in which his eschatological homilies are contained), then you definitely want to read this paper.
Sergius Bulgakov, “On the Question of the Apocatastasis of the Fallen Spirits”
Bulgakov’s famous essay in which he argues for the final redemption of the fallen angels. His argument is similar to that the argument he presents for the universal salvation of humanity in Bride of the Lamb, yet he also recognizes that it will be accomplished differently because of the differences between angelic spirits and embodied human beings made in the Imago Dei. The salvation story of Satan can only begin when he has been cast out of the world into the void. Only then can he come to know the nothingness he has become.
_____, The Bride of the Lamb
Bulgakov was perhaps the most creative, daring, profound—and also most controversial—Orthodox theologian of the 20th century. Those of us who are unacquainted with Russian philosophy, as I am, will probably find this a difficult book to read; yet it is illuminating in ways that most works of theology are not. Bulgakov’s mind and heart were alive with the Holy Spirit. He was a true priest and theologian of the Church.
Section III of Bride of the Lamb is devoted to the topic of eschatology. This section can be read to great benefit just by itself. Bulgakov’s universalism is neither sentimental nor trite. He does not envision salvation apart from repentance and ascetical sacrifice. We should fear hell and its torment, but we should trust God more. “The torments of hell are a longing for God caused by the love of God,” he states. It is blasphemy to think that evil will triumph over the the risen Lord. Bulgakov emphatically rejects any violation of the human person. No one can or should be coerced into the kingdom. But God will nonetheless save those created in his image. The divine judgment is nothing less than the full revelation of the Christ, in whose image every human being is made. “Every human being sees himself in Christ and measures the extent of his difference from this proto-image,” he declares. “A human being cannot fail to love the Christ who is revealed in him, and he cannot fail to love himself revealed in Christ.”
Bulgakov’s is the most profound vision of the greater hope that I have read.
Mark Chenoweth, “St Maximus the Universalist?”
Chenoweth surveys the key texts in St Maximus’s writings and concludes that if he was not an outright universalist, he was certainly sympathetic to it. Superficially Maximus appears to have affirmed universal damnation, yet there are many elements in his theology that point to apokatastasis.
_____, “Was St Maximus Merely a Hopeful Universalist?”
Justin Coyle, “May Catholics Endorse Universalism?”
Does the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church permit the confession of universal salvation? Probably not, but in this article Coyle pushes the envelope about as far as it can be pushed. Dogma does not interpret itself but must itself be interpreted, and there are times when dogma demands reinterpretation.
Keith DeRose, “Universalism and the Bible”
Keith DeRose is not a biblical scholar. He is a philosopher at Yale University. Like Tom Talbott, he believes that the Apostle Paul ultimately taught a doctrine of universal salvation. He begins his article with this judgment: “Contrary to what many would suppose, universalism … receives strong scriptural support in the New Testament. Indeed, I judge the support strong enough that if I had to choose between universalism and anti-universalism as the ‘position of Scripture,’ I’d pick universalism as the fairly clear winner.” I certainly would not say a “clear winner,” but the case is stronger than many believe.
Paul Gavrilyuk, “Universal Salvation in the Eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov”
Gavrilyuk offers a helpful introduction to Bulgakov’s eschatology. He is ultimately critical of Bulgakov’s universalist convictions: he thinks that the great theologian slides into a metaphysical necessitarianism, just as Origen did. I disagree. Bulgakov is too concerned to preserve the synergistic freedom of the creature to allow any kind of necessity to govern his eschatological convictions.
Chris Green, “The Problem of Hell and Free Will”
“We need to understand human being and agency not as a limit to God—created by and as God’s act of self-limitation—but as existing within God’s freedom and because of it, in absolute dependence on God’s supremacy. We need a way of saying that God wills our free response and that our response is truly free just because God wills it.”
Steven R. Harmon, Every Knee Should Bow
Harmon examines how Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and St Gregory of Nyssa sought to ground their hope for universal salvation in the biblical story and their reading of Holy Scripture.
Addison Hart, “Robert Buchanan and ‘The Ballad of Judas Iscariot’”
The figure of Judas Iscariot has long captured the imagination of Christians, even begetting poems and songs. Hart reflects on one forgotten poem by a forgotten English poet, Robert Buchanan. If Jesus is love, is he not awaiting the return of his friend and disciple at the messianic banquet?
David Bentley Hart, That All Shall Be Saved
If human beings are made by God and for God, if the Holy Trinity is their ultimate Good, only in whom they may find the happiness they desire toward whom their consciousness is teleologically directed, then we may not entertain the possibility that they could irrevocably close themselves off to Love. God’s salvific will cannot be eternally stymied. That All Shall Be Saved has brought apokatastasis back to the catholic table. See my series on this book: “Apprehending Apokatastasis,” as well as the many book reviews published on this blog.
That All Shall Be Saved is profitably read alongside the metaphysical essays contained in The Hidden and the Manifest, especially “Impassibility as Transcendence.”
_____, “God, Creation, and Evil”
This is an important essay (also included in revised form in That All Shall Be Saved). Hart discusses the question of eternal damnation and theodicy and comes down firmly in favor of the universalist vision of St Gregory of Nyssa. Hart boldly declares that the Christian confession that God is absolute Love and Goodness, when combined with the equally Christian confession that God has freely created the world from nothingness, excludes the traditional expousal of the eternal damnation of the wicked. If God is truly good, then he would never accept the risk that even one of his beloved would be eternally lost. Humanity has been made by God for God: “To see the good truly is to desire it insatiably; not to desire it is not to have known it, and so never to have been free to choose it.”
_____, “What is a Truly Free Will?”
_____, “What God Wills and What God Permits”
_____, “Can Persons Be Saved?”
_____, “In Defense of a Certain Tone of Voice”
_____, “When Only Bad Arguments Are Possible”
Christopher Howell, “The Path Upward: Liturgy, Universalism, and George Sefiris”
First read Brad Jersak’s article “Apocatastatic Hymnody” and then follow up with this article. In addition to noting the universalist-orientation of Orthodox hymnody, he also discusses the Last Judgment hymns, which are often cited as testimony for the everlasting damnation position. His conclusion: when we read, hear, and sing the hymns of the Orthodox. Church, we “we realize that the universalist hope never did disappear” in the life of the Church.
Wacław Hryniewicz, “Universal Salvation: Questions on Soteriological Universalism”
A courageous essay by a Polish Catholic theologian. Hryniewicz directly challenges centuries of the pedagogy of fear. The section “Is God Helpless in the Face of the Gift of Freedom?” is particularly illuminating. “God himself is the greatest hope for all His creatures,” Hryniewicz writes. “He penetrates even the infernal depths of the human heart. He can lead out of the depths of Gehenna. He does not destroy the freedom of rational beings, but respects human choice. However, he has his truly divine way of persuading the freedom of the beings most in revolt. He attracts and transforms them from the inside through His goodness, beauty and boundless love manifested above all in the voluntary kenosis of Christ.”
_____, “Universalism of Salvation: St Isaac the Syrian”
A thoughtful summary of the eschatological views of St Isaac of Nineveh. Hryniewicz concludes his article with these words: “Today, after the twelve centuries which have elapsed since the times of Isaac the Syrian, one reads his texts with deep affection and sincere admiration. His universal hope makes him one of the greatest guides and teachers, especially in theological thinking about the world to come. His eschatological insights correspond to the teachings of quite a number of ancient Fathers, yet what he taught was not simply a repetition of his predecessors, but the result of his personal theological experience. In this experience the central conviction is that God is love.”
Brad Jersak, Her Gates Will Never Be Shut
This may be the first book I would recommend to someone who desires to explore the biblical basis for the universalist hope. Written for a popular audience, Jersak invites his readers to bracket their dogmatic systems and listen to the Scriptures afresh, in all of their irreducible diversity and complexity. “Our obsessive attempts,” he writes, “to harmonize the Scriptures into artificially coherent, stackable propositions—as if they required us to contend for their reliability or authority—actually do violence to their richness.” One finds within the Bible specific texts that may be reasonably interpreted to support each of the three major construals of eschatological destiny—infernalist, annihilationist, and universalist. Perhaps we need to hear all three voices. Ultimately Jersak opts for a non-dogmatic, hopeful universalism.
A few years after writing this book, Jersak entered into the communion of the Orthodox Church. He remains a hopeful universalist.
_____, “Permit Me to Hope”
A fine article that Jersak wrote for Eclectic Orthodoxy. He maintains that the universalist hope remains a legitimate option within the Eastern Orthodox Church. Do not let others tell you otherwise.
_____, “Apocatastatic Hymnody in Orthodox Worship”
Jersak surveys the hymns of the Orthodox liturgies and offers this conclusion: “Our kontakia and troparia, our typika and canons, are a continuous bold declaration that what Christ accomplished through the Cross, his conquest into hades and his glorious resurrection, was for all humanity, affects all humanity and calls all humanity. They comprise the gospel announcement that Christ is victorious over death and has raised up humanity with himself.”
After reading Jersak’s article, then turn to Howell’s contribution: “The Path Upward.”
Alvin Kimel, “Did the Fifth Ecumenical Council Condemn Universal Salvation?”
“But the the Church dogmatically denounced all expressions of apokatastasis,” the critic confidently declares, pointing to the anathemas allegedly pronounced by the Fifth Ecumenical Council. But matters are not so simple. It appears that the anathemas in question were (1) never formally approved by the Council, (2) are directed against the strange and esoteric teachings of the 6th century Origenists, and (3) do not condemn the very different construal of apokatastasis advanced by St Gregory of Nyssa, St Isaac of Nineveh, and contemporary proponents of the greater hope.
_____, “Orthodoxy, Dogma, and the Neuralgic Question of Doctrinal Development”
It is generally assumed by Orthodox believers that the doctrine of everlasting damnation enjoys the status of irreformable or infallible dogma. It is therefore necessary to examine the nature of dogma and what it means, at least for the Orthodox, to characterize a dogmatic statement as irreformable. As we see in this article, matters are more complex than popularly taught, especially when it comes to eschatological questions.
_____, “Dogma, Damnation, and the Eucatastrophe of the Jesus Story”
The question of everlasting damnation does not possess the status of infallibility because it directly contradicts the revealed truth of divine love and goodness and the “happy ending” promised by the gospel of Jesus Christ.
_____, “Divine Retribution, Hell, and the Development of Doctrine”
It is often not noticed that a significant doctrinal correction has occurred in Christian theology. For 1500 years hell has been thought as everlasting retributive punishment. This is no longer the case. Over the past 75 years Western philosophers and theologians have rejected the punitive model of hell and have proposed what is a free-will model. Quite independently, Orthodox theologians have advanced the “river of fire” model. Universal salvation is but the logical conclusion of the free-will and river of fire models. God is love, and he will not be satisfied until all have been converted to him in love.
_____, “Hell as Universal Purgatory”
I am convinced that a failure of imagination partly underlies the resistance to the greater hope. If a person dies hating and rejecting God, how can God possibly deliver him or her from that rejection? The medicinal understanding of purgatory comes to the rescue.
_____, “Preaching Apokatastasis: St Isaac the Syrian and the Grammar of the Kingdom”
The gospel of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ is a message of triumph and unconquerable hope: God will reconcile all sinners to himself in the eschatological transfiguration of the cosmos. This hope therefore authorizes preachers to proclaim the gospel in the performative mode of unconditional promise. This paper was delivered at a conference in Cardiff, Wales in 2014.
_____, “Preaching Good Good Very Good News: St Isaac the Syrian and Universal Salvation”
This 3-article series represents a recently revised and expanded blog version of the lecture I delivered in Cardiff in 2014. How does apokatastasis shape and inform our preaching of the gospel? How does it fit in with the Orthodox understanding of Church as manifestation of the Kingdom?
_____, “Preaching Good Good Very Good News: The Grammar of Apokatastasis”
_____, “Preaching Good Good Very Good News: Proclamation, Liturgy, Kingdom”
_____, “St Isaac the Syrian: The Triumph of the Kingdom Over Gehenna”
I think this was the first article I wrote on the greater hope. The eschatological homilies of St Isaac were a revelation and great comfort for me. They confirmed for me what had already become a firm conviction in my heart: hell is not God’s final word on the impenitent. “I am of the opinion,” announces the Syrian ascetic, “that He is going to manifest some wonderful outcome, a matter of immense and ineffable compassion on the part of the glorious Creator, with respect to the ordering of this difficult matter of Gehenna’s torment: out of it the wealth of His love and power and wisdom will become known all the more—and so will the insistent might of the waves of His goodness”
_____, “All shall be well … but how well is hell?”
Dame Julian of Norwich was probably not a universalist, not explicitly so; but clearly the greater hope dwelt deep in her heart.
_____, “Pascha and the Apokatastasis of Judas Iscariot”
“But what about Judas? the universalist is always asked. Judas is the test case of the Savior’s love. Will Christ, can Christ, save his fallen apostle?
_____, “Apprehending Apokatastasis”
This is my multi-article commentary on David Hart’s That All Shall Be Saved. My hope is that others will find it helpful in grasping David’s key arguments. Together these articles present what I believe is a compelling argument that God will restore all sinners to himself in his Kingdom.
That there is a hell for the impenitent, all universalists affirm. But it is not an everlasting punishment but the painful redemptive process by which the risen Christ liberates us from our delusions and addictions and brings us to clear vision of that Love for which each of us desires. I draw on Bulgakov, Dante, and Ebenezer Scrooge–that’s a compelling lineup, if there ever was one.
_____, “Afterlife Possibilities: Is There Repentance After Death?”
The traditional view says no. Death finalizes the sinner’s orientation to God. But why believe this is so? All explanations seem fatuous and unconvincing. They presuppose the doctrine of everlasting damnation. In this piece I summarize the view of the great Sergius Bulgakov. Bulgakov dismisses the school opinion that death freezes the human person: “the disincarnation in death does not suppress the activity of the spirit.” The afterlife presents new possibilities!
_____, “The Irresistible Truth of Final Judgment”
This article is one of a series on the eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov. He contends that in the final judgment, all will see the risen Christ and in their hearts will know the One in whose image they were made and know, by comparison, how far they have fallen from the Image. “It is impossible,” declares Bulgakov, to appear before Christ and to see Him without loving him.”
_____, “Apokatastasis and the Radical Vision of Unconditional Love”
Ultimately the greater hope is not grounded in a few verses of Scripture or the witness and arguments of a few theologians. It is grounded upon the apprehension of the unconditionality of the divine love, as revealed in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Every affirmation of an eternal hell violates and denies the Lord’s unconditional love.
_____, “Suffering, Theodicy, and Apocatastasis”
In the final analysis, only the vision of universal salvation offers a satisfying resolution to the evils and sufferings of this present world.
_____, “Is Repentance After Death Possible for Mortal Sinners?”
_____, “Can Aslan Pierce Our Infernal Darkness?”
_____, “Universal Salvation: What Are the Odds?”
_____, “Hell and the Solidarity of Love”
_____, “Eternal Damnation and the Argument From God’s Love for the Blessed”
_____, “Heavenly Amnesia”
_____, “Goddammit, Who Damns Whom?”
_____, “Hell, Prison, or Nothingness?”
_____, “Rational Freedom and the Incoherence of Satan”
_____, “The Secret of the Universalist Hope”
_____, “Universalism and the Vision of the Good”
Andrew Klager, “Orthodox Eschatology and St Gregory of Nyssa’s De vita Moysis”
In this fine piece, Klager articulates a cosmic eschatology grounded in humanity’s ontological union with the Incarnate Word. He features St Gregory of Nyssa, but he also draws on the Divine Liturgy and the ascetical tradition on theosis. He concludes by affirming a universalist hope along the lines advocated by Ware and Evdokimov.
John Kronen and Eric Reitan, God’s Final Victory
If you are looking for a philosophically sophisticated defense of the universalist hope, this is the book for you. Kronen and Reitan are both trained philosophers. They are well acquainted with the philosophical literature on universalism, as well as with the scholastic tradition. They critically analyze the classical and modern doctrines of hell, present the arguments they deem most convincing in support of universal salvation, and respond to various objections. Anyone who wants to argue against universalism first needs to read God’s Final Victory and address its arguments.
Morwenna Ludlow, Universal Salvation: Eschatology in the Thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner
Ludlow examines the eschatological convictions of St Gregory Nyssen in detail. “Whoever considers the divine power,” Gregory writes, “will plainly perceive that it is able at length to restore by means of the aionion purging and atoning sufferings, those who have gone even to this extremity of wickedness.” Hell is purgation that culminates in salvation. Gregory’s views on the apocatastasis were not condemned by the Church at the 5th Ecumenical Council and would later profoundly influence the eschatological reflection of Sergius Bulgakov.
George MacDonald, “The Consuming Fire,” “The Last Farthing,” “Justice”
To a large extent, opposition to the greater hope is governed by a failure of imagination: we cannot imagine how God can save all if human beings are truly free. The logic of eternal damnation binds our minds. In these homilies MacDonald liberates our imagination and invites us into a vision of the Father who loves infinitely and eternally. “Nothing is inexorable but love,” he declares. The Father will never abandon his children.
For a brief exposition of MacDonald’s greater hope, see my article “The Hell of Self and the Redemption of the Outer Darkness.”
Gregory MacDonald, The Evangelical Universalist
Gregory MacDonald is the pseudonym for Robin Parry, who has a Ph.D. in Old Testament studies. Parry looks at the primary New Testament texts that are typically invoked in the eternal hell vs. universalism debate. You may be surprised by how well the new Testament reads when liberated from a prior dogmatic commitment to the classical doctrine of hell. Parry’s exegesis is thoughtful, careful, and imaginative. He does not claim more for his interpretation of a given text than it can bear; but he does invite us to a fresh re-reading of the Bible through a hermeneutic of love.
Gregory MacDonald (editor), All Shall Be Well
A collection of essays discussing the universalist hope articulated by various theologians in the history of the Church, from Origen and St Gregory of Nyssa to Sergius Bulgakov, and Karl Barth. Tom Talbott’s piece on George MacDonald is of particular interest. A helpful and instructive volume.
Brian C. Moore, “Sin, Hell, and the Victory of Pascha”
Brian Moore–theologian, philosopher, poet, storyteller–has been a gift to Eclectic Orthodoxy. He has a unique gift to bring to light dimensions of reality that we usually miss. This article on the greater hope is one of the finest pieces published on my blog.
Steven Nemes, “Praying Confidently for the Salvation of All”
Nemes argues that despite the passages in the New Testament that threaten eternal damnation, we do not in fact know whether hell will be eternally populated. Hence we may confidently pray for the salvation of all.
_____, “Christian Apokatastasis: Two Paradigmatic Objections”
Nemes critically analyzes two classical objections against the universalist hope, one from the Augustianian-Reformed tradition and the other from the Arminian-Wesleyan tradition: (1) The divine goodness does not require that God save anyone. (2) If human beings are genuinely free, then they must be able to eternally and irrevocably reject God and thus separate themselves from his love and mercy.
Robin A. Parry and Christopher H. Partridge (editors), Universal Salvation? The Current Debate
This book contains three essays by Talbott, followed mainly by critical evaluations of Talbott’s writings from evangelical biblical scholars, theologians, philosophers, as well as two essays on the history of universalism in the Church. The book concludes with a response from Talbott to his critics. This is an excellent book and well worth adding to one’s library.
Jedidiah Paschall, “A Reformed Case for Universalism”
Drawing on Karl Barth and T. F. Torrance, Paschall proposes that universal salvation appropriately follows from God’s election of humanity in Jesus Christ.
C. A. Patrides, “The Salvation of Satan”
A helpful summary of how the question of Satan’s ultimate salvation has been addressed by Christian theologians down through the centuries. “From the outset,” Patrides writes, “one element clearly emerges: the conviction that God’s love is all-inclusive and irresistible. The crucial issue, which orthodox theologians repeatedly failed to grasp, was never whether Satan should be, or could be, redeemed, but whether Divine Love may be limited in any way, even to the extent of Satan’s exclusion from Grace.”
Ilaria L. E. Ramelli, The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis
Weighing in at over 900 pages, this is a massive work of first-rate scholarship on the theme of universal salvation in the first millennium Christian Church. This book is now mandatory reading for anyone who wishes to advance an opinion about what the Church Fathers believed and taught. You will be surprised. The universalist hope was far more prevalent than I ever knew. It was not restricted to Origen and St Gregory of Nyssa. Even St Augustine apparently believed in a form of apocatastasis early in his episcopal career. Tragically, thanks in large part to Augustine in the West and the Emperor Justinian in the East, the universalist hope was suppressed and the teaching of everlasting perdition became the teaching of the Church.
_____, “Christian Soteriology and Christian Platonism”
Ramelli explores Origen’s and St Gregory Nyssen’s integration of philosophy and biblical exegesis in their reflections on apokatastasis. If you can’t afford her monograph (who can?), then by all means take a look at this essay. Ramelli believes that Origen (and by implication Gregory) has been misunderstood and misrepresented by the ecclesiastical tradition. He certainly was no Origenist.
_____, A Larger Hope?
Finally! In this affordable volume Ramelli distills her years of research on apokatastasis in the first- and early second-millennium into an accessible format. During the first six centuries, the greater hope was alive and well in many quarters of the Church. Must-buy, must-read.
Taylor Ross, “The Severity of Universal Salvation”
Bringing together Origen, St Gregory Nyssen, and George MacDonald, Ross argues that universal salvation “entails a concept of judgment just as exacting, just as rigorous, and every bit as righteous as the sort of purely punitive punishment on offer in any version of the doctrine of eternal damnation.”
John R. Sachs, “Apocatastasis in Patristic Theology”
A helpful introduction to universalist reflection in the patristic Church, with special focus on Origen, St Gregory of Nazianzus, and St Gregory of Nyssa.
Thomas Talbott, The Inescapable Love of God (2nd edition)
If I was only allowed to recommend one book on universalism, this is probably the one I would choose. Talbott writes clearly and well, and he is sharp as a tack. The book is intended for a primarily evangelical-Protestant audience. Orthodox and Catholics will be put off by some of his ecclesiological convictions; but it’s easy enough to bracket them and simply focus on his biblical, theological, and philosophical arguments. Talbott has a keen eye for nonsense. He addresses the biblical testimony head-on. I was not always persuaded by his exegesis, but he does demonstrate that infernalists do not “own” Scripture. Thanks to Talbott, it has become impossible for me to not to see the patent universalist thrust in the letters of the Apostle Paul. How did I miss it before? For me personally, the most important chapters of this book are those in which Talbott discusses human freedom and the nature of justice. The chapter on predestination is particularly illuminating.
Also see my ten-part review of the second edition.
_____, “Universalism”
This article may be the best introduction to Talbott’s approach to universal salvation. Start here! After you have read this, you should have a good idea whether you want to read anymore of Talbott’s work.
_____, “Misery and Freedom”
Is it coherent and rational to think that a fully informed and free person–i.e., someone who both fully understands that God is his supreme good and is free from delusion and bondage to disordered desires–would irrevocably reject absolute Love? Talbott doesn’t think so.
_____, “Providence, Freedom, and Human Destiny”
The relation of divine providence and divine foreknowledge is a difficult, perhaps intractable, problem, especially for classical theists but also for modern theists who desire to remain within the mainstream Christian tradition. This is not an easy piece, but it does shed light and is well worth the read. At the very least it demonstrates how difficult it is to reconcile eternal damnation with a God who is benevolent, omnipotent, and omniscient.
_____, “How to Read the Bible from a Universalist Perspective”
Focusing on St Paul, Talbott invites us to read the Scriptures afresh, temporarily bracketing our infernalist suppositions. We might be surprised by what we find.
Kallistos Ware, “Dare We Hope for the Salvation of All”
Think of Ware as the Orthodox counterpart to Balthasar on the topic of the universalist hope. Like Balthasar, he does not believe we can affirm anything stronger than a hope. In Ware’s judgment there is no way to rationally resolve the irresolvable conflict between divine love and human freedom. All we can do is to firmly hold them together in tension, “while admitting that the manner of their ultimate harmonization remains a mystery beyond our present comprehension.”
Jordan Daniel Wood, “George MacDonald against Hans Urs von Balthasar on Universal Salvation”
Balthasar is well known for his advocacy of a non-necessary universalist hope: we may and should hope that God will save all, but we must not presume that he will. Wood finds Balthasar’s position unsatisfactory and commends as an alternative the bold and confident hope of George MacDonald.
Reviews of That All Shall Be Saved
The publication of That All Shall Be Saved in 2019 was a major event. It pushed the question of universal salvation to the theological front-burner. How long it will stay there is anybody’s guess. Probably not long. The majority of online reviews suggest that the brethren would rather dismiss the universalist thesis as outright heresy rather than engage it constructively and substantively. Fortunately all is not lost. Since the book’s publication, Eclectic Orthodoxy has published a number of thoughtful reviews.
Thomas Talbott, “Tom Talbott Reviews That All Shall Be Saved” (four parts)
Shenji Akemi, “The Only Theodicy?”
Taylor Nutter, “The Possibility of a Thomistic Universalism”
David Opderbeck, “Why I’m a Fan of DBH–But …” (three parts)
Chris Green, “God is Heaven, God is Hell”
Brian Moore, “A Most Peculiar Story” (five parts)
Ty Monroe, “Faith, Reason, and Moral Sensibility”
Jordan Wood, “The Remarkable Unity of Rhetoric and Dialectic in That All Shall Be Saved”
Alvin Kimel, “Apprehending Apokatastasis” (ten parts)
_____, “A Review of a Review of a Review”
Joel Buenting (ed.), The Problem of Hell
Do you enjoy analytic philosophical reflection on the hell? You’ll find a number of interesting essays in this volume, including a piece by Talbott on free will and character formation and a piece by Jerry Walls on annihilationism. Check out the table of contents on the Amazon page.
Brian E. Daley, The Hope of the Early Church
Unfortunately, we lack an in-depth treatment of patristic eschatology available in English. Perhaps such a work would be too much for any single scholar; or perhaps someone has written such a volume, and it just hasn’t been translated. Fortunately, we do have Brian Daley’s “handbook,” as he calls it. Published in 2002, it remains the go-to book on the eschatological views of the Church Fathers. It does need to be updated, though, in light of the recent scholarly contributions of Ilaria Ramelli.
Edward Fudge, The Fire That Consumes
The classic evangelical work on retributive annihilationism. Not a position with which I am particularly sympathetic—the hermeneutics that grounds the project is all wrong, but it contains a lot of useful information.
Paul J. Griffiths, Decreation
In this sophisticted work Griffiths argues for a free-will annihilationism: human beings are ultimately free to embrace sin and pass into the nothingness from which they were created. What makes his arguments particularly interesting—and surprising—is that he is a Roman Catholic who seeks to norm his reflections by the infallible pronouncements of the Magisterium. With Balthasar, Griffiths believes that we must pray for the salvation of all, though he deems the prospect unlikely, although not impossible. He agrees with the universalist that the traditional claim that God would resurrect the dead in order to condemn them to everlasting perdition violates the revealed character of God as infinite and absolute Love.
Zachary Hayes, Visions of a Future
Hayes synthesizes Catholic reflection on the last things over the past 50-60 years. This book is helpfully read alongside Ratzinger’s Eschatology.
Peter Kreeft, Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Heaven
This has been one of my favorites since it was first published in 1990. The influence of C. S. Lewis upon Kreeft is manifest. It was here that I first encountered the view that purgatory is an anteroom of heaven.
Andrew Louth, “Eastern Orthodox Eschatology”
Andrew Louth is a patristic scholar and one of the foremost Orthodox theologians in the world. Louth grounds Orthodox reflection on the Last Things in the Divine Liturgy. Louth notes that “in Orthodox theology a hope of universal salvation, based on a conviction of the boundlessness of God’s love, has never gone away.”
Zachary Manis, Sinners in the Presence of a Loving God
For the past century the two principal models of eternal damnation have been the retributivist and free will. Manis now introduces a third which he believes expresses the best of both approaches—the divine presence model: God eternally and only intends the salvation of every human being, but human beings remain free to definitively reject his gracious gift. “The eternal suffering of hell,” Manis contends, “is not the result of any divine act that aims to inflict it, but rather the way that a sinful creature necessarily experiences the unmitigated presence of a holy God.” Also see my four-part review of the book.
Joseph Ratzinger, Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life
This is a classic in Roman Catholic literature on the subject. Here we see the decisive break in post-Vatican II Catholicism from retributivist models of both purgatory and hell.
Preston Sprinkle (ed.), Four Views on Hell
If you’re just beginning to reflect on eternal damnation, this may be the book with which to begin. Four Protestant scholars present the retributive, annihilationist, free will, and universalist positions and respond to the contributions of the others.
Thomas Talbott, “Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought”
Talbott was asked to write a new essay for the online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. This article provides a helpful review of recent philosophical discussion of hell. Talbott does not hide his universalist sympathies. For a different perspective, see the article by Jonathan Kvanvig that Talbott’s piece replaced.
Alexandre Turincev, “An Approach to Orthodox Eschatology”
The eschatology of the Orthodox Church is notably underdetermined, in contrast to that of the Roman Catholic Church. As a result diverse understandings exist within her precincts. Turincev’s essay represents an excellent introduction to the eschatology developed by the “Parisian school” of Orthodoxy in the 20th century, as expressed in this quotation:
“The moral conscience may accept hell, understood in the sense of a state of purification of the soul – lasting, perhaps, but not perpetual. But here is what matters: hell can be vanquished, and it is already vanquished. This is the central affirmation of our Faith. To believe in Christ is to believe in His victory over hell. He is the vanquisher of death and of hell. He is our Deliverer. He alone can liberate us from hell, even now or in the next life. It should be added that the Orthodox Church disregards the Latin distinction of hell and purgatory. She prays for all the dead and does not accept that there are any who are already damned forever. The existence beyond the grave is nothing but the continuation of the deceased’s destiny, with its progressive purifying and liberating action – a healing, a maturation and a creative expectation.”
Jerry Walls, Heaven, Hell and Purgatory
Much of Walls’s philosophical career has been devoted to matters eschatological. In this 2015 book he pulls together his reflections for a popular audience. It is clearly written, accessible, and affordable—highly recommended. Also see my multi-part review. For more in-depth treatment, read Walls scholarly trinity (below).
_____, Hell: The Logic of Damnation
_____, Purgatory: The Logic of Total Transformation
_____, Heaven: The Logic of Eternal Joy
Robert Farrar Capon, Kingdom, Grace, Judgment
Before a person can seriously entertain the universalist hope, he must become persuaded that the the Father of Jesus Christ loves sinners absolutely, unconditionally, nontransactionally. I can think of no better theologian to assist us in grasping this truth than Robert Capon—not because Capon is a theologian of the first-rank (he doesn’t even belong to the second-rank), but because he has an uncanny ability to think outside the conditionalist box. Such an ability is necessary when interpreting the New Testament as eschatological discourse. Capon also has a whimsical writing style that often makes me chuckle (and sometimes cringe).
This book shares Capon’s reflections on the parables of Jesus. Each parable, Capon believes, witnesses to the kingdom now present in Christ, a kingdom that Jesus gifts to his hearers. Even the parables of judgment witness to the unconditional love of Christ and his Father. Yes, his exegesis is sometimes off-the-wall and unconvincing, yet that is what can be so helpful to us. We need to have our expectations turned upside-down and inside-out.
_____, Between Noon and Three (1997 ed.)
Capon described the writing of this book a “watershed experience” and considered it his most important book. It’s difficult to describe. The first part is a parable of two adulterous lovers, Paul and Laura, with Caponic commentary. Many will find the parable scandalous, because the two lovers do not repent of their sin. Capon, of course, is not endorsing sin (despite appearances, he is not an antinomian); but he wants us to see that unconditional love (represented by Laura) transcends moralism. The second part is an imaginary coffee house Q&A between Capon and his parishioners. The third part is another parable—this time a parable about the gangster-style execution of a New Jersey mobster. Is it possible for God to forgive murder, redeem murder? Yes, Capon boldly asserts. Evil is eternally enveloped, judged, and redeemed within the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Oh, by the way, Capon was not a universalist. He believes that it is possible for the sinner, like the elder brother in the parable of the prodigal son, to stand outside the festivities of the kingdom. Like C. S. Lewis, Capon advocates a free-will model of damnation. Might it be possible for the damned to repent of their rejection of the divine mercy? Perhaps. All moments in time are eternally held within the spear wound of Christ and thus eternally available to the damned for their exploration and reassessment.
I will update this list as I continue to read on this subject.
179 Responses to Readings in Universalism
Patristic Universalism: An Alternative to the Traditional View of Divine Judgment by David Burnfield
Flames of Love: Hell and Universal Salvation by Heath Bradley
The One Purpose of God: An Answer to the Doctrine of Eternal Punishment by Jan Bonda
Mark Stone says:
I’m sure Ilaria Ramelli’s recent tome “The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis” will become an essential standard.
I agree. I just wish it wasn’t so outrageously expensive!!!
Thanks for this list Fr. Aidan. I am firmly into the concept that Met. Ware has expressed. I hope for the salvation of all mankind. However, I believe that Satan and the demons have already been judged and condemned to annihilation in the Lake of Fire which is prepared for them. God has waited to carry out their execution because he wants to save all humanity if possible. The Church Fathers who believed that Satan and the demons would be saved have no basis in Holy Scripture and the acts of Satan and the demons to base their teaching on. Where there is no repentance, there is not life.
You may be right, Marc. I am agnostic when it comes to the demonic powers, as it seems to me that all of our speculation about them is precisely that–speculation. We do know anything about their nature and existence. All we know is their enmity toward God and toward us. Satan is our enemy. Hence I am content to remain agnostic. Perhaps they are beyond repentance and thus beyond salvation.
But I cannot put dismiss Sergius Bulgakov’s suggestion that it is the world that allows Satan to entertain his delusion that God is not his true good. But eventually he will be expelled from the world and deprived of the world. He will no longer have the world to “feed” on. At this point “Satan’s duel with God begins,” Bulgavkov writes. “Can we, human beings, know anything about this duel?”
bradjersak says:
Macrina seems rather hopeful, even for the demons [whatever they are]. And this not without some warrant from Colossians 1, where even that which is invisible is reconciled by his blood (and what might that be?) … and yet Hebrews says that Christ came for the help of humans and specifically not angels. And anyway, by the time we get to the desert fathers, ‘demons’ starts taking on less of a ‘fallen angels’ backstory and sounds a lot more like what alcoholics say when they describe ‘wrestling with their demons.’ (Anthony excepted). So what to make of it?
I heard a funny story by Kallistos Ware. He was embarking on a long drive with another hierarch. He thought to pass the time he would bring this up. Will even the demons be saved? To which the hierarch boomed, ‘None of your business,’ and that was that for that topic. 🙂
Stanford Espedal says:
Excellent list. Don’t forget Julian of Norwich! I got started on the path to full-blown universalism through her, especially in chapter 32 when the Lord said, “I will preserve My word at every point, and I will make everything well that is not well.” The fact that He refused to disclose the Great Deed that He shall do on the Last Day to make all things well inspires us to love, pray, and hope with complete trust and confidence.
Greetings, Stanford. Thanks for the suggestion about Dame Julian. I intentionally omitted her from my list because I have come across two Julian scholars who deny her universalism. Most recently, see Denys Turner’s book Julian of Norwich, Theologian. I tend to trust Turner’s judgment–hence my reluctance to include Julian in my list. What do you think?
To the list of “Julian was NOT a universalist” scholars you may add Fr. John Julian, OJN, whose translation and commentary are published by Paraclete Press under the title “The Complete Julian of Norwich”. Among other things, he points out that she frequently used the phrase “all who shall be saved”, implying that not all will be saved. Certainly she was not an avowed universalist as were Saints Gregory of Nyssa of Isaac the Syrian. However, I think she was so in pectore, but given the doctrinal and ecclesiastical climate of Fourteenth Century England, she could only lead her reader to that truth inferentially. And I think she does so beautifully.
newenglandsun says:
What about The Problem of Hell by Joel Buenting.
A collection of essays dealing with the issues of Hell and identifying pros and cons in the various views from universalism to acknowledging Hell’s reality.
Thank you for bringing my attention to this book. I’m going to have to borrow it through ILL.
LOL. I’m going to need to get a job before getting this book but it does look interesting and weighty.
Thanks for the recommendation on Sergius Bulgakov from this blog. He looks pretty clean as well.
Mike Gantt says:
You may be interested to know that I was a typical Evangelical, believing that either heaven or hell was the destination of every human being, but came to believe that everyone is going to heaven strictly by reading the Bible. That is, I have never read a book on Universalism – either before or after I came to this conclusion.
Here is my book-length treatment of the subject: The Biblical Case for Everyone Going to Heaven
Yaakov says:
Father, bless.
Whether Universalism is correct or not, isn’t believing in Universalism inherently dangerous, since you include yourself? Isn’t safe route is to believe like St. Anthony the Great that “all will be saved, only I will perish”?
Wonderful question, Yaakov.
May I turn the question back upon yourself? If God were to say to one of two things to you, either “My dear Yaakov, I love you ultimately and absolutely and I will always find a way to turn your heart to me, no matter what” or “Yaakov, you are right, only you will perish and there’s nothing I can do to save you,” which word would you find most encouraging, most transformative?
Yaakov, I cannot imagine myself commending to parishioners, either in a homily or by way of spiritual counsel, that they adopt St Antony’s prayer “All will be saved except I.” Perhaps certain ascetics can safely adopt such a prayer, but I do not think that most ordinary believers can. It seems to violate the gospel-word of unconditional love and would too easily generate despair and scrupulosity.
That it may generate despair and scrupulosity, I’ll give you that. But that it violates unconditional love? I don’t understand that. If anything, it generates and exhibits a spirit of humility, love, and forgiveness.
On reflection, I think the first. However, I think that the first statement is kind of a given, even in St. Anthony’s statement. It’s not that God will not find a way to turn our heart to him, but that we don’t accept his invitation.
Now, if God were to say, “My dear Yaakov, no matter what you do or desire, even against your strongest wish, I will turn your heart to me” – then I’d say that statement would be more of a turn off than “only you will perish and there’s nothing I can do to save you”.
Can you divorce Universalism from pre-destination? I’m not saying it’s wrong.
Yakoov, St Isaac the Syrian certainly thought so. See my series on Isaac and universalism.
For a philosophical argument based on a libertarian understanding of free will, see “What Are the Odds?”
Regarding your series on St Isaac, which was englightening, I don’t see where it shows that the two ideas are separated. You do say that St. Isaac doesn’t go into God’s method for effecting everyone’s eventual choosing of Him, but that doesn’t rule out pre-destination.
Having read your series, it seems like St. Isaac believes in pre-destination. I wonder how he would have reacted to the conversation between Ivan and Alyosha in Brothers K?
Have you read “Our Thoughts Determine Our Lives”? In it, Elder Thaddeus presents an image of heaven/hell that I don’t think fits into the “River of Fire” or Divine Retribution categories.
Chris Tilling says:
Awesome resource, nice job!
joel in ga says:
Miscellanies, Book VII by Clement of Alexandria http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf02.vi.iv.vii.ii.html
On the Soul and the Resurrection by Gregory of Nyssa http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf205.x.iii.i.html
The Great Catechism by Gregory of Nyssa
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf205.xi.ii.i.html
The Restoration of All Things by Jeremiah White https://archive.org/stream/restorationofall00whit#page/n3/mode/2up
An Humble, Earnest, and Affectionate Address to the Clergy by William Law
https://archive.org/stream/anhumbleearnest00lawgoog#page/n6/mode/2up
Calvinism Improved by Joseph Huntington https://archive.org/stream/calvinismimprove00hunt#page/n3/mode/2up
The Second Death and the Restitution of All Things https://archive.org/stream/universalismasse00alli#page/n3/mode/2up
The Letters of Thomas Erskine of Linlathen https://archive.org/stream/lettersofth0ersk#page/n7/mode/2up
The Consuming Fire by George MacDonald
http://www.online-literature.com/george-macdonald/unspoken-sermons/2/
Eternal Hope by Frederic Farrar https://archive.org/stream/eternalhopefive05farrgoog#page/n8/mode/2up
Salvator Mundi by Samuel Cox https://archive.org/stream/salvatormundi00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up
Universalism Asserted by Thomas Allin https://archive.org/stream/universalismasse00alli#page/n3/mode/2up
Pingback: Confessing a Hopeful Universalism | The Mystical Axis
Ivan A. Rogers says:
May I identify myself as a former evangelical denominational pastor, executive officer and Bible College president. I’ve been in active Christian ministry for 64 years and continue a preaching assignment every Sunday. I embraced the truth of universal salvation after many years of biblical study, research and prayer. With this revelation my entire concept of God’s loving relationship to humanity has been revolutionized.
I am convinced that this wonderful truth is knocking on the door of Christ’s church and that we’re on the verge of a reformation of grace that will ultimately eclipse the one introduced by Martin Luther. Consequently, I have written and published a book, Dropping Hell and Embracing Grace, by Ivan A. Rogers, available from Amazon.com, also on Kindle. The book has been well-received; a welcome addition to the exciting discussion of universalism.
D.G. Hollums says:
Who would most agree with the following:
I had a professor in seminary that spoke of one theory that arises from the question, “What about the salvation of God’s chosen people the Jews? (for the evangelicals) Those before Jesus that it was and could have been credited to them salvation by faith). And the theory went something like this: When Jesus returns EVERYONE is resurrected and every tongue confessing and every knee bowing that Jesus Christ is the Messiah, Lord, and King. And it would be at that point that the Jews would see the messiah coming in the way that they have always been expecting. And everyone would be able to either recognize the one and true God and choose to continue to be in relationship with the God, or they would be wooed by the Holy Spirit to desire to start that relationship beyond this life. And of course, for anyone that chooses to not be in relationship with our three-fold Godhead, then there would be a place for them that would not be in the presence and relationship with God, and that would be like eternal torment to choose to not be in a relationship with the Trinity that they were create to be in.
The benefit of this view is that it still agrees with Jesus’ saying of, “No one comes to the Father except through me” and allows for a Christian world view when it comes to the potential of universalism. It’s not that all faiths and religions lead to the same God, but that they could bring up different aspects of Christianity that when Christ does return, they could recognize the Jesus was the one all along, and the Holy Spirit has been wooing them all along, and the Creator Covenant God does desire to be in relationship with us all.
(and then you could go into Revelation with the gates in the Holy City as being open and not gated… but it could be argued that that was a representation of the current realities of those that belong to the Kingdom and the holy city is a representation of the Christian faith at the time when John the Revelator wrote the book on the island.)
OK with all that said…. Which authors or theologians in your reading have you come across that would agree or created this thought? Thank you so much for your help!
ed pacht says:
Somewhere in my library I have a mid-19thC volume of interest: “The Ancient History of Universalism”, by Hosea Ballou. Ballou was a consistent Calvinist who came to modify his position by a belief in universal election, and went on to found the Universalist Church, which, regrettably developed to an extreme liberalism and has merged with the Unitarians. His book is interesting, adding to a Scriptural exposition a surprising knowledge of patristics. I’ve read it through more than once, and find myself not convinced of universalism as a doctrine. I don’t think we can go that far. But it did leave me ready to hold a universalist hope similar to many of those you quote.
Archpriest John Whiteford says:
“Tragically, thanks in large part to Augustine in the West and the Emperor Justinian in the East, the universalist hope was suppressed and the teaching of eternal perdition became the teaching of the Church.”
The 5th Ecumenical Council rejected universalism. Dare we think we know better than the 5th Ecumenical Council? No.
Discussion of the 5th Ecumenical Council is scattered throughout the blog, but see especially my comments in this interview. Short answer: (1) it is doubtful that the council itself dogmatized on the matter, and (2) the version of apokatastasis addressed by the anti-Origenist anathemas (whatever their dogmatic status may be) touches the universalist hope as presented by, say, St Gregory of Nyssa or St Isaac of Nineveh.
It’s not doubtful in the Orthodox Church — it is only very recently that you could cite any Orthodox writers who have espoused universalism. The only reason St. Gregory of Nyssa’s teachings on this subject (if in fact he ever taught such a thing) were not condemned by that council was because it was argued that the quotes you refer to were origenistic interpolations. There is a similar argument that the quotes from St. Isaac of Syria you refer to are not his genuine writings. However, even if we grant, for the sake of argument, that these quotes are authentically the work of those saints, there is zero evidence that the Church ever embraced those ideas, and mountains of evidence that they rejected them. The odd opinion of one saint or another does not trump an ecumenical council. One need only read the patristic commentaries on Matthew 25:45 “And these will go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into eternal life” to see whether the Church thinks that when our Lord speaks of everlasting punishment, he really mean everlasting punishment.
D. B. Hart says:
Dear me, you really think those are interpolations? That is something of a joke in scholarly circles. Especially since it would basically mean that Gregory’s whole theology, from the ground up, as unfolded in De anima et resurrectione and De hominis opificio and the Great Oration and the Psalms commentary is an interpolation. Maybe Gregory never really wrote anything (rather like the Oxfordian hyposthesis about Shakespeare). Something similar is true in Isaac’s case. And those two are far from being the only patristic universalists; both of the very distinct Alexandrian (including Cappadocian) and Antiochene tradition are full of them, from the days of Pantaenus to the 13th century writings of Solomon of Bostra. Goodness, there are almost overwhelming reasons to believe Gregory Nazianzen, and even Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria, were so disposed (Gregory unquestionably, really).
And, had our our Lord spoken of everlasting punishment, that would be an interesting argument. But he did not speak English, and in fact did not speak Greek; and the Greek text of Matthew 25:46 (which is the only one you can have in mind) has been read by a great many Greek-speaking and Syriac-speaking fathers, from the earliest days, as saying nothing of the sort.
As it happens, I number among my friends and acquaintances some of the greatest scholars of Orthodox canons and councils and history in the world; and to a man they would assert that the Orthodox Church–no matter what the inclinations of its catechists and prelates may have been down the ages–has never definitively condemned universalism as such, or even addressed it under any synodical or conciliar conditions of special import. It has condemned some teachings that are also, as it happens, universalist. But the sort of universalism found in Gregory and Isaac, which fully acknowledges the reality of judgment and hell, has never even been addressed.
But let’s not pursue the issue. Be wrong in good conscience, and by that you shall be saved.
David, may I ask for your thoughts about the dogmatic authority with Orthodoxy of the Synodikon. It is sometimes invoked as a decisive authority against the universalist hope. This anathema in particular is cited:
“To those who accept and transmit the vain Greek teachings that there is a pre-existence of souls and teach that all things were not produced and did not come into existence out of non-being, that there is an end to the torment or a restoration again of creation and of human affairs, meaning by such teachings that the Kingdom of the Heavens is entirely perishable and fleeting, whereas the Kingdom is eternal and indissoluble as Christ our God Himself taught and delivered to us, and as we have ascertained from the entire Old and New Scripture, that the torment is unending and the Kingdom everlasting to those who by such teachings both destroy themselves and become agents of eternal condemnation to others,
Anathema, Anathema, Anathema! [my emphasis].”
Fr Aidan
The Synodikon is just a compendium, and at times a converses, and possesses only as much authority as what it is quoting at any point. In itself it is no more binding on the conscience of an Orthodox than the Baltimore Catechism or a Thomist manual is on the conscience of a Catholic.
In modern times some Orthodox have begun to claim that all local synods and councils are doctrinal authoritative and so Orthodoxy has just as many exact doctrinal formulae as Rome. Call it magisterium-envy. But in fact the ancient canonical view is that only an ecumenical council can ratify a synod as doctrinally binding. And it’s been a while, you know.
Simply said, if it isn’t one of the promulgations of the seven councils, then it’s nothing but the record of how certain clergymen at a certain time and place understood the tradition (usually over against those blasted monks). And then there is the question of what certain councils–the 5th of course–really said.
You mentioned the toll houses, a curious bit of semi-gnostic bric-a-brac. Fr John might be interested to know that many monks who embraced that teaching did so because they were universalists.
The word that my autocorrect turned into “converses” was supposed to be “congeries.”
mavrichi Ionut says:
http://libgen.org/book/index.php?md5=2342f8d6b783bc775ee9061c37934dd4
Ramelli’s Book on Apokatastasis
Gralefrit Theology says:
Have you come across “All Shall Be Well – Explorations in Universal Salvation and Christian Theology from Origen to Moltmann” edited by (you-know-who) Gregory MacDonald?
Among others it contains Origen (obviously), Schleiermacher, P. T. Forsyth, Barth, Ellul, T
Robinson, Balthasar and Moltmann. It is an excellent addition to your already excellent list.
Yes, I own it, and I agree–it should be on the list. I’ll add it. Thanks.
Fr. Dale Coleman says:
I have been enjoying greatly David Bentley Hart’s thinking on this matter. He is wrestling with this in translating the New Testament, and is coming to some fascinating conclusions. We spoke of the two words for (eternal) punishment, with one kolasis-punishment for a time, for correction; and timoria-punishment of vengeance. Next he noted that there are forty or so passages in the NT about universal Salvation, and only one meaning eternal punishment. The strongest adversary is St. Augustine, not working from Greek but Latin, and his emendations of the language in Romans 5:18 (which in Greek has neither subject, nor verb, nor object), and I Corinthians 15:22. And, Augustine is particularly strident in his polemic against Julian, who riled him as no other did in Augustine’s late age. (Ep. 101, 4). See Augustine’s Contra Jul. 4, and 24.
Fr Coleman, that is fascinating news! I had heard that Hart had been commissioned to translate the NT (or the entire Bible?). I hope that Hart will eventually share with the rest of us the conclusions of his study.
Dale, which text does Hart identify as signifying eternal punishment?
Dale directed me here to see if his recollections of our conversations were accurate. They are not quite…
There is no verse in the New Testament that unambiguously threatens eternal punishment. There are three that are regularly invoked by the Hellfire Club (my fond name for those who have some emotional commitment to the idea of a hell of eternal torment), but none of them really says what they imagine it says. Conversely, the seemingly very clear statements of universal salvation number quite high (47 at my last casual count).
I am not really wrestling with the text, at least not in a moral or intellectual or existential sense. My only struggles are finding the mot juste (so to speak). I am, and have never concealed that I am, a complete and unreserved universalist, and believe no other interpretation of Paul’s theology is coherent. Geoffrey Wainwright’s review of my first book noted it, for instance. Gregory of Nyssa, after all, succeeded where Augustine failed: his eschatology incorporates the whole of the New Testament witness (sans Revelation, which he did not regard as canonical) in a seamless synthesis, without truncation, equivocation, or attempts to explain away the plain meaning of crucial texts.
As it happens, the next work of technical theology I plan to write is on precisely that topic. Unfortunately, I have been very ill these past 15 months, so I do not know when or if I shall write it. But my translation, I hope, will come to be thought of as The Apokatastatic Standard Version.
DB Hart
David, I had heard from Addison that you have been quite ill. May the Lord grant you a speedy recovery–and if not a speedy recovery, then at least a full recovery.
My blog has become somewhat “infamous” for its promulgation of the universalist hope. You may find of interest my series on St Isaac the Syrian and Sergius Bulgakov. They aren’t scholarly pieces. If you have a chance to glance at them, I’d welcome your feedback.
Dr. Hart,
If you happen to visit these comments again, I am curious to know your response to those who claim that the belief in universalism is a heresy since it was (supposedly) condemned by the fifth ecumenical council.
If you consult the (very dubious) records of the council, you will find something called Origenism condemned. But no authentic finding of the council condemns universalism as such.
Not that I would care if it did. That very imperial “ecumenical ” council is an embarrassment in Christian history, and I sometimes think it a mercy that such a hash was made of its promulgation that we literally do not know what was truly determined there. For my money, if Origen was not a saint and church father, then no one has any claim to those titles. And the contrary claims made by a brutish imbecile Emperor are of no consequence.
What a delight to see David Bentley Hart’s thoughts. My own notes were that two of the texts commonly viewed as signalling eternal punishment were based on mis-readings by St. Augustine: namely the Romans 5:18, and the I Corinthians 15:22, as suggested to me by David. I added the specific references from St. Augustine’s Epistles, and his Contra Jul., again having pointed in those directions by David. I hope I have the transliterated Greek accurate.
Dale, you may find my multi-article review of Tom Talbott’s book The Inescapable Love of God of interest. Several of these articles address New Testament texts. The results are often surprising. And the comment threads are quite interesting, too! https://goo.gl/BrsRp9
Those two verses are actually universalist verses. Augustine’s curious treatment of them was frequently to quote the first half of each (affirming the universality of the Fall) but almost never the second (affirming the universality of redemption).
Thank you, David. I first became interested in this view from reading Archbishop Michael Ramsey’s “F. D. Maurice and the Conflicts of Modern Theology”, (CUP, 1951) which explored the reasons for Maurice being expelled from King’s College, London, for “unsound views and teachings about the doctrine of eternal punishment”. In his Theological Essays, Maurice discussed the use of “aionios” meaning eternal or everlasting, and outside “time”. Barth writes at length about this- is there anything he doesn’t write at length? maybe the Kennedy assassination- and Aidan’s note of von Balthasar’s, “Dare We Hope All Men Be Saved” I found deeply impressive. T
he last time I saw Ramsey in 1986, he was reading this and “The Glory of the Lord”, vol. something.
David’s article in First Things on Augustine’s misread of Rom. 9-11 was especially helpful.
I would see a distinction between the hopeful inclusivism of Ware and Balthasar and the ultimate redemption of which Gregory (and Macrina) were so confident. It seems to me that there are two types of hopeful inclusivism that stop short of Gregory. First, those like Ware and Balthasar who insist on the possibility (in principle, even if ‘infinitely improbable’) that some might, in the end, resist divine love because of ‘free will.’ Another version, somewhat softer, and perhaps in both Origen and Barth, that might say, ‘We believe is as mystery, but cannot teach it as doctrine,’
Some other universalist voices: St. Silouan the Athonite and (according to Fr. Cyril Hovorun and Balthasar) probably Maximus the Confessor.
I’ll presume to suggest my own work, ‘Her Gates Will Never Be Shut: Hope, Hell and the New Jerusalem,’ (Wipf and Stock, 2009), which offers a chapter on Jesus in the Jeremiah tradition, where he consciously quotes or alludes to every chapter of Jeremiah where ‘the Valley of Hinnom’ is mentioned (and is symbolic of the fall of Jerusalem to Babylon – i.e. literal destruction) … surely this plays into Jesus’ use of gehenna in conjunction with the forthcoming siege in 70. (in part).
Finally, of course, Ramelli’s ‘Christian Doctrine of Apok.’
Hi, Brad. Welcome to Eclectic Orthodoxy. I have your book sitting on my shelf, but I haven’t read it yet. One of these days … 🙂
Robin Parry says:
Brad’s book is perhaps the best book on hell that I have read
Saint Silouan was famous for saying, “all will be saved, and I alone will perish”. That is not Universalism, it’s humility.
Eric Collins says:
Fr. Aiden, and perhaps even David Hart, if one or both would do me the honor of helping me with a confusion I am having in regards to apokatastasis.
First, an little background, I have not been received in the church, am merely a pilgrim searching for truth, but the E.O. church saved my faith a few years ago and has enlightened much of my theology since then, But I haven’t been able to make the leap yet, which allows me a large berth in my eclecticness, but the idea of joining is always in the back of my mind, and so I am always trying to align myself, the best I can to the church, and so with that, in regards to this, I thought the church condemned this at the 5th ecumenical council if I may copy and paste from orthodoxwiki:
– If anyone asserts the fabulous pre-existence of souls, and shall assert the monstrous restoration which follows from it: let him be anathema. (First anathema against Origen)
-If anyone shall say that all reasonable beings will one day be united in one, when the hypostases as well as the numbers and the bodies shall have disappeared, and that the knowledge of the world to come will carry with it the ruin of the worlds, and the rejection of bodies as also the abolition of [all] names, and that there shall be finally an identity of the γνῶσις and of the hypostasis; moreover, that in this pretended apocatastasis, spirits only will continue to exist, as it was in the feigned pre-existence: let him be anathema. (Fourteenth anathema against Origen)2
But also, and perhaps a bigger misunderstanding for me, is, isn’t universalism deterministic, does it not require one to be mongerstic, where does free agency come in, if we can boldly say that all WILL be saved, rather than reserving judgment and saying all MAY be saved, for if even only one is allowed his freedom and chooses to shrink away from the humanity and divinity he was created for, in essence, in hell, moving in the opposite direction of theosis. Would this not then render universalism false? This of course presupposing synergism, whereas if we say all WILL be, then are we not mongerist? Is it not simple the moral form of determinism?
Hi, Eric. For my own thoughts about the Fifth Ecumenical Council, see “The Heresy That Never Was.”
I am not good at web-exchanges, since I don’t like being on the computer, and these days I don’t have much energy. So you may have to wait for my next book for my answer. But two quick answers:
First, note that what is being rejected in those two anathemas is not universalism. The first rejects pre-existence of souls without bodies, in a primal and undifferentiated community of monads. The second rejects an ultimate disappearance both of bodies and of individual identity in a unity rather of the sort asserted by bar Sudhaili, where gnosis (the single shared knowledge of God and souls) is indistinguishable from the hypostasis (the substance) of souls. Neither was a teaching of Origen’s, actually (Origen taught pre-existence, but not actual bodilessness).
Second, freedom as defined in a purely voluntarist, spontaneous, atelic movement of the will–pure libertarian freedom–might be denied by the doctrine of apokatastasis. But that is a logically incoherent model of freedom in any event. The classical Platonic-Aristotelian-Christian understanding of freedom is one in which the rational will of necessity, when set free from ignorance, wills the good end of its own nature; and perfect freedom is the power to achieve that end without hindrance. Thus God is perfectly free precisely because he cannot work evil, which is to say nothing can prevent him from realizing his nature as the infinite Good. Similarly, for Gregory of Nyssa or Gregory of Nazianzus, perfect freedom is liberation from the fetters of ignorance that constrain the rational will from seeing the Good as what it is. For Augustine, the highest freedom is the perfection of human nature in a condition of “non posse peccare.” For Maximus, the natural will is free because it tends inexorably towards God, and the gnomic will is free precisely to the degree that it comes into harmony with the natural will. And so on. Since, after all, all employments of the will are teleological–necessarily intentionally directed towards an end, either clearly or obscurely known by the intellect–and since the Good is the final cause of all movements of the will, no choice of evil can be free in a meaningful sense. For evil is not an end, and so can be chosen under the delusion that it is in some sense a good in respect of the soul (even if, in moral terms, one is aware that one is choosing what is conventionally regarded as “evil”); and no choice made in ignorance can be a free choice.
In simple terms, if a deranged man chooses to slash himself with a knife or set fire to himself, you would not be interfering with his “freedom” by preventing him from doing so. You would be rescuing him from his slavery to madness. This is why the free-will defense of the idea of an eternal hell is essentially gibberish.
Which, incidentally, does not break from the “synergist” view. It is merely to say that the cooperation of the created will with God’s is still a cooperation–if needs be by terrible purgation–in restoring a human soul to its natural state. I think of Gregory of Nyssa deals with this quite delightfully and cogently in De anima et resurrectione.
Magnificent DBH!!
Sorry so brief. Sent by thumb from my iPhone. 🙂
Oh, I should have noted: the first anathema of “Origen” is clearly phrased: what is rejected is a restoration whose premise is the pre-existent state of souls, such that all things must return to the original state, without personal or natural differentiation of souls. That is why it speaks of the restoration “that follows from” or is “consequent upon” that pre-existence. I think we often fail to appreciate that, even as late as the fifth council, there were still too many of the “holy fathers” and too many participants in the council who, at least sub rosa reservationis, held to an eventual salvation of all for an outright and unambiguous condemnation of universal salvation to have been possible.
For someone who protested fatigue, I am going on. Excuse me.
“The classical Platonic-Aristotelian-Christian understanding of freedom is one in which the rational will of necessity, when set free from ignorance, wills the good end of its own nature; and perfect freedom is the power to achieve that end without hindrance. ”
This, in a nutshell, is the reason it is hard for me NOT to be a universalist. How could true freedom result in anything but one’s salvation? The alternative would be a god who allows certain beings to remain damned by their ignorance.
Keith DeRose says:
Brad J: As it happens, I ordered your book from amazon just yesterday. Looking forward to getting it and reading it. I enjoyed a blog post of yours from some time ago about (among other things) the two Gregorys.
Eric C.: I think that even among those who believe in libertarian free will (no determinism), many, perhaps most, still believe that God can foreknow what we will freely do (even if God can’t cause us to do what we do, if we’re to be free). If you think universalism is revealed in inspired scripture, you needn’t buy into determinism, but just divine foreknowledge.
(Actually for me, that doesn’t help, because I’m among the minority who think God cannot even foreknow, at least with absolute certainty, what we will freely do. But I still count myself a universalist. I think that so long as you accept that it’s overwhelmingly probable that all will be saved, you should count. I also have another scheme by which the salvation of all might be absolutely certain, but won’t go into that here.)
D.B.H.: “Hellfire Club” is good. I kinda like “Team Hell.”
Ummm… and I don’t mean to upset David, who is a friend and wonderful theologian and philosopher (and thank God for that- I go mad wishing to help Polkinghorne with some understanding of epistemology) but he writes splendidly with his futuristic computer thing!
My over all problem with all will be saved, is that the agape we know in God the Holy Trinity is not coercive.
I now see that David responded to that in his comments above. Thank you.
Totally agree with DBH’s point that our truest freedom is a will at rest in God as its telos—where God is desired and intended in all things. And of course I’d agree that wrestling someone to the ground who intends to set themselves afire is not an intervention in their freedom.
However, it does seem to me that God’s dealings with us (postmortem) cannot reduce to his simply overwhelming us with truth to the degree that our saying “no” to God is rendered impossible. So while it’s true that no choice made in ignorance can be ‘free’ in the fullest sense, it’s also true that the sort of ‘becoming’ that moves us into participation in God can only be made within a context of the right kind of epistemic distance (i.e., a context in which we both know enough to choose rightly and are ignorant enough to manufacture a false narrative in choosing wrongly—that this ‘distance’ defines the synergy we value). But if epistemic distance is reduced to zero, does not synergy reduce to determinism? I am inclined to universalism, but I think configuring the human response to God in a way that guarantees it will be ‘yes’ is problematic. So I tend just to say that God will pursue us as long as it takes without positing a terminus ad quem.
Ah, yes, I like this:
“Perhaps God pursue us ‘as long as it takes’?”
For many decades I have inclined toward a universalist view, pretty much since reading Hosea Ballou’s “Ancient History of Universalism” (a mid-19th century volume that I still have, buried somewhere in my library). “Inclined” as I do not believe there is adequate conclusive evidence, either in Scripture or Tradition, that any of us are qualified to claim knowledge of what is the reality of “the other side”. I do believe in Hell, but I don’t know what I believe about it. I do believe in the possibility of a permanent rejection of God, but find it very difficult to believe that anyone (even including him that once was Lucifer) can hold out against increasing knowledge through all eternity,
and I have become convinced that something resembling Purgatory has a far greater likelihood than does an eternal hell. God’s mercy is infinite, He desireth not the death of a sinner, but that all men should live. All that being said, the operative thought is that we simply cannot know, not having been conclusively told, but that we can certainly trust and hope in that boundless mercy. It is not so much what we do with our free will, but what Jesus has done on the Cross that matters. If He has declared us saved, so we are, but if our flawed and twisted will has not accepted that, perhaps his call and his teaching will ultimately bring us to a place of healing. There is time enough and more. Perhaps it’s like what my Dad always said about how he came to be married: “She kept on chasing me … until I caught her.”
cf. Francis Thomson’s. “Hound of Heaven”>
Fr Aidan call tell you how long I’ve complained about the idea that postmortem salvation proceeds via an overwhelming revelation of truth that effectively determines our ‘yes’ for God. ;o
But I don’t want to be understood as suggesting that epistemic distance in hell is just this world’s context reconstructed in which we comfortably continue to pursue our careers. I think if we take the sufferings of hell to be commensurate with “will’s” depth of solidification in evil and our coming to terms with this, then we don’t have to affirm UR at the expense of free agency. That is, if the ‘will’ has a share (by either persisting in its ‘no’ and thus suffering OR embracing the truth of its history with a ‘yes’) in the uncovering of the truth about God and ourselves that steadily renders our saying ‘no’ to God finally impossible, then I’m OK with that. That is, hell confronts us, truth by truth, with our whole history which we are free to accept or reject. And the death of every false self will be unspeakable torment as we are left to experience the truth of our choices. Ouch. But as we choose to embrace the truth, we become more free. Eventually we are wholly and completely God’s. And the journey from one to the other will be the journey from experiencing the truth of ourselves in God’s presence as torment to experiencing the truth of ourselves in God’s presence as beatitude. The difference between heaven and hell isn’t geography, it’s perspective. The truth that once tormented us becomes the truth that glorifies us.
My point is just that this journey, this movement toward our telos in God, requires a synergy in which the specific human ‘yes’ and ‘no’ we render are not guarantees entailed God’s actions in/toward us (which I tend to see universalists appeal to in order get a clear terminus ad quem). Thus my concern with ‘epistemic distance’. Some ignorance is a ‘good’ thing, because it makes creaturely becoming in the Good possible.
“Some ignorance is a good thing …”
I’m not sure I’d word it that way, but what I would say is that some ignorance is inevitable. Infinite knowledge is not a possibility for a finite being. I like to say that my head just isn’t big enough to stuff the whole universe and its God inside. There will always be more questions unanswered than those to which we have answers, and a discussion of this sort simply cannot have a terminus ad quem, for inevitably there will be more to know. We can only guess, with greater or lesser probability. But I can only suspect that God, given an infinity of time in which to show infinite mercy will ultimately teach us enough to incline us to acceptance of the Cross and Resurrection, of the ultimate gift of Christ.
Right. There’s no value in ignorance per se. I’m only suggesting that the ‘becoming’ of human beings toward their final telos in God be characterized by choosing which is a choice between alternatives, and not a single inevitable choice given to them by God (which, I confess, is how I read some construals of universalism). Does that help at all?
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Well, honestly, I know of no universalist of the classical variety who suggests anything other than that purgative regeneration of the will. I am not sure what the issue is.
But I would still say that the final formulation about epistemic ignorance is defective. Taken to its logical terminus it would mean that we are free to the degree that we are ignorant, whereas the point is that we become more free as we progress away from illusion towards the Good as such and the fulfillment of our nature. You shall know the truth and the truth shall set you free. Father, forgive them, they know not what they do. Etc. And the highest freedom is achieved when we at last see so clearly that there is no need for choice, because union in love has been reached.
The truth shall set you free! It is our ignorance that leaves us to make inferior choices.
Thank you David.
Let me try to clarify. Let’s reserve ‘freedom’ for that mode of human agency fulfilled and glorified in God, our truest freedom in Christ. Let ‘agency’ describe that mode of the will en route to such freedom. I’m suggesting only that the latter be characterized by a certain epistemic distance/space and that this distance serves a good purpose, namely, it’s an essential part of what makes it possible for finite created beings such as ourselves to come to be free (in the former sense) in God. So ‘freedom’ is the result of a particular exercise of an ‘agency’ that is sufficiently informed but not overwhelmed as such.
I wouldn’t suggest that the more ignorant we are the more free we are. Epistemic distance is qualified on both ends. It can’t be maximized, for then we would be absolutely ignorant and incapable of choosing God. We have to be sufficiently informed, obviously. But can the distance be reduced to zero, in which case we would be so informed, so overwhelmed by the truth, that no possible means of constructing a ‘no’ to God would be possible?
Perhaps my fears are inspired by versions of universalism I’ve encountered in which people imagine God instantaneously kicking the doors of our hearts open and blasting all falsehood away, essentially leaving us no other option but God, in which circumstance we ‘make the right choice’. I confess I find it difficult to believe God would be very interested in our coming to conclude he is our only option under such conditions. But that doesn’t seem to be anybody’s position here.
Thanks for helping me think it through. Very grateful!
It may be that I simply have not come across universalists of that variety. I am familiar with patristic universalists, with a variety of mediaeval and modern figures, I revere George MacDonald especially…but I probably am entirely unaware of a great deal of popular universalism.
Even so, I still cannot grant the liceity of the way you formulate freedom. Part of it is that there is a difference between being “informed” in the modern sense (possessing “information” and then, in a second movement of deliberation, deciding upon it based upon some distinct set of criteria) and being truly “in-formed” in the classical sense of being reshaped by the glory of God. God is not a species of cognitive information in the former sense, some finite object available to my judicious gaze. To know God is to be transfigured into what is revealed. At that point of truest liberty, freedom and necessity are no longer distinguished, any more than they are in the Father’s own love of his own essence in the Son and Spirit. Remember, the only thing to which Paul says we are predestined (well, marked out for in advance, really) is to be conformed to the image of Christ. No less austerely apophatic thinker than Maximus says that we achieve freedom (and are perfect as Christ’s Father is perfect) when all distance (diastema) disappears and we rush into the embrace of love.
I’ll start my confessions now. I had to look up “liceity.”
Good points too. I certainly don’t want to boil theosis down to an exchange of bits of information. So I’ll work on fine-tuning the distinction I’m aiming at here. My gut tells me there’s a legit (liceitous? Adjective please?) concern about created agency here (that it not be overwhelmed unto determinism). But as I’m reading you, you’re not simply positing in a postmortem context the kind of, say, compatibilist determination of human choice you reject presently, supposing that God resorts to perfecting human beings postmortem in a fundamentally different way than at present.
I’ll buy a bigger dictionary while I’m at it too.
Thank you David, and blessed health to you!
Licit.
Again, I think compatibilism and determinism are both inapposite to the question of freedom; they concern a libertarian model of free acts that I believe logically vacuous. But my hostility towards analytic philosophy and its native categories occasionally verges on the unreasonable. Simply said, all things are determined to an end, a final cause, and will reach that end, and hence fulfillment, unless some unnatural interruption prevents them; but rational nature is capable of interrupting itself. Still, willy-nilly, all natural wills return to God, and know the fire of glory as bliss or torment, but even that torment is a knowledge of truth that cannot not convert the will, however gradually, to its true end. Otherwise God will never be all in all and creation will never be completed. That teleological understanding of the will, and of its relation to nature, simply cannot be forced into the categories of libertarian or determinist thinking, and I honestly wish Christian theologians would stop using the Analytic categories for that reason.
Allow me one final question, David. Sorry.
You’re basically talking about the elimination of the gnomic will, right?
Well, its perfect harmonization with, restoration to, and ultimate indistinction from the natural will. But, then, that is not elimination, but rather salvation.
What I hear DBH and Fr. Aiden saying is that ultimate redemption need not be seen as coercive if once the natural will is freed to pursue its natural desire for God. It seems to me that the gnomic will is actually a dysfunction of the will (and not the will per se) which must be either healed in order for us to follow the desire of our natural wills for God … it also seems to me that this cannot or will not happen for many or even most until we ‘see Christ face to face.’ To punish someone for all eternity without the benefit of this healing vision of the ‘serpent on the pole’ would seem very unjust. Hence my hope in the mercy of Christ at the end.
That said, it also seems to me that in light of this, ‘will’ may not be the locus of salvation in the first place, but rather the ‘nous.’ Briefly, worries about coercion (the will of God imposed) or ‘free’ vs. ‘bondage’ of the human will are all still fixated on the primacy of the will in salvation (whether God’s or our own). However, what I in Scripture is that the divine Nous both creates and enlightens the God-given human ‘nous’ (the eyes of the heart/mind, poorly translated ‘intellect’) in order to ‘see the light of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ’ (2 Cor. 4) … something we cannot see as long as we’re blinded by the god of this age. For whatever reason, some see in this age and some do not (where ‘see’ is also a metaphor for love). Paul says that apart from this ‘seeing,’ we cannot respond. And yet if we do ‘see,’ we are capacitated for an uncoerced response.
But in any case, if we take Saul of Tarsus as an example, when Christ appeared to him, was he coerced into salvation by the will of God? I don’t think so. Or did he himself choose or will his response to Christ? I don’t think so. I just don’t see ‘will’ being the primary faculty involved. Rather, he ‘saw’ and then *naturally* repented and believed. His ‘nous’ was enlightened which then activated his natural will. If there is anything to this, then what great hope we might derive from the promise, ‘And every eye I shall see him’ … after which ‘and every knee shall bow’ would make perfect sense.
Of course, one can then get into the old wrangles between Thomists and Scotists over the priority of intellect or will in knowing God. And the Scotists are routinely misrepresented in that regard, since for them intellect is not the same as reason and will is not the same as spontaneous arbitrium; both are rational movements of the soul. And really, after all, both are really one and the same movement; they are not genuinely separable faculties. Intellect is informed because it is intentional, and therefore has a natural velleity towards the world and towards the transcendental horizon of truth. Will is a rational movement towards a perceived end, and therefore naturally follows (as best it can) the light of intellect. There really is no need here to assign priority: the final end is a kingdom of love and knowledge, the two proving to be infinitely identical
I think I’m tracking with you … so might we say that the showing and seeing is what heals (rather than coerces) the gnomic will such that neither God’s self-revelation nor our natural response (of both nous in seeing and will in following) can be charged with voluntarism?
Ita, magister. Which is to say, ναι, δάσκαλος.
Make that a vocative…
Prof Hart,
Forgive my incessant probing, but I have to ask you about something (related to created agency) which I’ve had on my mind since reading your book ‘The Beauty of the Infinite’.
On p. 320, with reference to Michel de Certeau’s “Authorités Chrétiennes et Structures Sociales,” you concede the possibility that in our final fulfilled form Christ offers (in Certeau’s words) “a style of existence that ‘allows’ for a certain kind of creativity and that opens a new series of experiences” as opposed to, say, Christ specifying every particular of our continuing existence without remainder (even if, as you say, Christ comprises the fullness of every contingent expression).
My question (possibly related to your comment above on the gnomic will and its ultimate indistinction from the natural will) has to do with created agency as fulfilled in Christ and enjoying a ‘scope of loving possibilities’ within which to freely/creatively determine how it shall reflect divine beauties. Going with Certeau’s suggestion, might we imagine the logoi of created beings as embodying or specifying a “range” or “scope” (a pallet?) of beautiful expression and not the particular of every form? The divine will (or logoi) would terminate not in the final form of creaturely expression but in the range of creative possibilities offered to creatures to uniquely shape their expressive form (unique not in the creation of beauties not already comprised in Christ as the summum bonum, but simply as the creature’s contribution to the consummate beauty of ends synergistically achieved). Would the gnomic will retain a unique function in this case?
Sure, works for me.
I know that Maximus often speaks of the gnomic will as simply the sinful and deviating will. Something tells me–more a phenomenology of consciousness than a moral metaphysics–that it might be better to think of it as the “third moment” of the conscious act, so to speak, the first two being the primordial intention of the natural will and the power of intellect (both being rational). Then the gnomic will is that supremely rational moment of (ideally) assent or love or creative liberty that completes the “trinitarian” movement of the mind and makes it genuinely rationally free.
That is obscure. Sorry. But, yes, I prefer to think that, healed, it remains, and that it makes each soul’s reflection of and participation in divine beauty a unique inflection or modulation of the whole. Which makes each individual indispensable, of course, to that glory.
*Palette. How embarrassing.
I wasn’t going to mention that. Always blame such things on autocorrect.
Following Louth’s lead, it seems like early Maximos assigns a gnomic will to Christ (since, if we have one, Christ must have a gnomic will, lest what is not assumed is not healed) and then later, denies it (because he sees it as a dysfunction). But in positing the gnomic will as a ‘third moment,’ you not only take the conversation a good leap forward, but also open up our imaginations to revisit Gethsemane, where ‘Not my will, but thine,’ reveals that third moment in Christ. Non? Oui?
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Cyranorox [Martha Deacon] says:
Wonderful article and comments. Mr Hart, I’ve ordered your book. One thing I’d like to add: the idea of ignorance vs knowledge, the force of the final [or not] ‘No’: this is not always or only ignorance, but pathology. No one violates free will by healing; the Gospel accounts of, eg, the demoniacs or paralytics stand for this principle. If a man be healed of the mental/spiritual pathology that lead him to ‘no’, surely he will say Yes. This avoids the trap of loss of epistemic distance, I think, because you can posit resistance to everything except the final force majeure.
True. But which of my books, I ask myself, do you mean? Buy them all, I say.
Thank you Prof Hart for taking the time. I’m very grateful. Truly.
I’m already on thin ice, but heck, why not? If your reply shatters the ice beneath my feet and I disappear into the watery darkness below, I’ll see you all on the other side anyway because universalism is true!
In replying above to my inquiry about human agency (framed in terms of the concerns at play between determinists and indeterminists/libertarians), you replied:
“Simply said, all things are determined to an end, a final cause, and will reach that end, and hence fulfillment, unless some unnatural interruption prevents them; but rational nature is capable of interrupting itself. Still, willy-nilly, all natural wills return to God, and know the fire of glory as bliss or torment, but even that torment is a knowledge of truth that cannot not convert the will, however gradually, to its true end. Otherwise God will never be all in all and creation will never be completed. That teleological understanding of the will, and of its relation to nature, simply cannot be forced into the categories of libertarian or determinist thinking, and I honestly wish Christian theologians would stop using the Analytic categories for that reason.”
I’m not a trained philosopher (which you know by now), and if the Analytic tradition inherently violates some law of transcendence, then OK. Obviously that tradition has been employed to deny transcendence. But analytic thinkers can employ the standard categories to affirm transcendence as well, no? (Denys Turner perhaps?) But, as far your comments in the quote go, it looks to me like you employ the categories you want equally to dismiss—i.e., all things are “determined” to a “final cause,” “rational nature” can interrupt itself, and “teleology” drives the process. Are not these terms standard analytic-talk?
That said, consider the pair you introduce:
– On the one hand, “rational nature is capable of interrupting itself” of preventing its movement toward its natural end in God.
– On the other hand, that nature “cannot not convert…to its true end.”
I take it the first just means the will is empowered by God (given God’s purposes for its final end, mind you) to say ‘no’ (as well as ‘yes’) to embracing God as its final end. I’m not sure what you mean by the second claim. If you mean only that the will can never finally rest in anything other than God, that God is the only thing it can finally convert to, then yes. But if you mean that under the right circumstances (say, final judgment) our God-given power to say ‘no’ can be converted irrespective of its exercise as a power to interrupt itself, then I’m inclined to disagree…
…as the ice cracks beneath my feet.
‘Divine’ agency can’t be reduced to the traditional terms (determinism, libertarianism, etc.), but do we need to (indeed, can we?) step altogether outside these categories to imagine ‘human’ transformation or to agree both that we possess a God-given power to “interrupt” (to say ‘no’ to) our movement toward God and that we are “determined” for God as our final end (i.e., cannot conceivably rest finally in any other end)? I’m curious to know if part of the answer lies in your “however gradually.” If we’re abandoning the categories of determinism and libertarianism as a valid way to conceive of the will’s role in human transformation, why should it take God any time at all to effect the desired end? It would seem, if we suppose the transformation occurs “however gradually,” that we’re assuming humans retain (even in our state of final judgment) something of their power to interrupt the natural movement Godward.
What to do? Can we bring your two phrases together in supposing that it is the very power to interrupt which must embrace God as its end? God saves ‘that’ power, i.e., our will in its God-given power to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. And it rests when, as a God-given power to interrupt itself, it gives itself to God. Maybe that’s your position. Sorry if I’ve misunderstood. But that does look minimally libertarian to me (not a crude claim to a power to self-determine free from all context and natural constraints).
Too long a question. I think I have been pretty clear in saying that the conversion in question is necessarily a conversion of the will through its own free (and progressively freer) act. Even the will’s power to say no, however, is animated by its primordial hunger for the Good and, as Gregory and others argue, to that it cannot say no, except by ceasing to exist. That is the act of all its acts. So, in time, over the ages perhaps, it continues to seek its rest in God, freely but, for that reason, inevitably.
Analytic philosophy does not own words like “determined,” incidentally. My problem is specifically with the current analytic categories of determinism, compatibilism, libertarian freedom, etc., because they all presume an originally voluntarist understanding of free will, which is simply incoherent. When I use “determined” in that sentence, I am just speaking of final causality, primary causality.
The question was a bit long, but thank you David for clarifying! Excellent.
I don’t know if this analogy will help, but I think modern, voluntarist notions of freedom are akin to the way scientism approaches the existence of reality. Scientism never really asks the question of why there is something rather than nothing. It can’t understand that an infinite series of finite causes still can’t address origins — or even feel the need for such, apparently. Similarly, voluntarism is fixated on finite, concrete situations and never sees that the source of freedom is prior and other.
William Desmond draws a distinction between the conatus essendi (the striving, struggle for living) and the passio essendi (the pure giftedness of our being which is the prior foundation upon which the latter derives.) Modernity is largely blind to the passio essendi and it would not see it as freedom. Instead, it identifies freedom with something that is derivative, secondary, and not really a metaphysically coherent concept of liberty. True freedom as the perfected flourishing of one’s being is an eschatological fruition that can be anticipated insofar as one’s actions bring one closer to the unique gift of one’s being/vocation granted by the creator God.
One might conceivably see passio essendi as being lacking will, but I think it is better to see it as a compact, elemental gift from which all other powers derive. It is not so much a lack of freedom as a richness that includes a joyous reception of being that grounds reason and will. I take it that the libertarian objection is that somehow authentic freedom would require, contradictorily, a lack of metaphysical freedom or some quality of the indeterminate in order to remain free, but this is just to posit freedom wrongly to begin with.
Pass me a pint gentlemen! Brian, very helpful. Thank you. I’ll look up William D as well.
Honestly, what you describe expresses where I’m at (though my questions might suggest otherwise). As you say, “True freedom as the perfected flourishing of one’s being is an eschatological fruition that can be anticipated insofar as one’s actions bring one closer to the unique gift of one’s being/vocation granted by the creator God.” No objection here. I’m perfectly happy viewing “freedom” as you describe and for the reasons you give.
I don’t dispute our groundedness in God, nor the undeniable primordial God-given desire that animates the will (as David’s described), the act of every act, nor that the end of whatever sort of agency/action it is by which means we resolve ourselves shall finally end in a perfect and irrevocable harmony with God.
If I have questions, they are not about “freedom” as you’ve described it. They are about the nature of the words “insofar as one’s actions bring one closer to….” Is there not a conversation to be had here, i.e., about what sort of agency or action it is which is the means by which we are to become free? That’s what I’ve been inquiring after, and it’s only with respect to this that I’d cautiously employ a term like “libertarian”; not to describe a proper final mode or resting place for the will, but only to understand the nature of the agency or action by which means we become free (and thus free of ‘libertarian’ becoming).
You know, I’ve tried to talk about all this before and I never feel I quite communicate what I hope to — or perhaps I am simply not as persuasive as I would like to be. Here’s another attempt.
Transformation in the eschaton necessarily exceeds our imaginative capacities. I have no doubt synergy is involved. No one will be coerced into beatitude. Perhaps I am wrong, but it seems to me that what you may really be after is a deeper reflection upon the connection between our temporal becoming and eternal identity. You won’t be able to shoehorn that into a clear and concise conceptualization. Poets may elucidate a suggestive image. I suspect art, at any rate, while it must fail as well, will probably fail less than the language of concepts.
Part of the difficulty is that one should not isolate freedom and identity as if one could focus purely on the individual. There’s the story in the Brother’s Karamazov about the old woman in hell who once gave an onion to a beggar. An angel tries to pull her out from infernal chains by the strength of that single act of charity. Other souls try to cling to her and gain release as well, and the old woman shouts, “it’s mine, mine” — and tumbles back into the flames, of course. There is also Father Zossima’s mysterious claim that “each is responsible for all.” This can only be an irrational puzzle for those who have imbibed the ethos of modern, western individualism. But if the Triune God is the exemplar of what it means to be a person, our creaturely experience is analogous and only partially, incompletely, imperfectly approaches genuine personhood.
Personhood is not simply a given, but a task. At minimum, we should recognize that the relational dimension of the person is just as constitutive of identity as what one might think of as a “substantial core.” Or, if I can cite Desmond once more, there is a porosity to personal being both in terms of the deep structure of the soul and our natural openness to the exterior other. We are “wholes” in our irreplaceable singularity that paradoxically realize our integrity through dyanamic, dramatic interaction with the Other (an interaction with the infinite capacity for novelty — the eternal is not synonymous with closure or some kind of totalizing completion.)
In short, the realization of metaphysical freedom is not simply the product of individual choice. Indeed, the person as a center of volition and knowing is always already not a pure autonomous center of freedom, but a nurtured product of heteronomy. We come to awareness, desire, knowledge and love because our existence is gifted, our development nurtured, our very consciousness as personal called into being by God and world. Without the world, we would not even acquire the reflectivity that indirectly shows the soul to itself. This also implies, I think, that a universal making new is consistent with a proper notion of the person. It is only those who think salvation along the lines of an atomized individualism that dissent.
So, rounding back to your question — while one can perhaps find some value in a kind of renewed virtue ethics (Alasdair MacIntyre) or a sense of developed habit as carrying forward the realized flourishing of identity, I am skeptical that such notions will carry us as far as you may want in clarifying how our actions help bring about destiny. I maintain that the original gift of being involves a unique, singular telos that we are able to intuit at some level, but that calling is deeply placed and more apt to be touched in dream, play, wonder, creativity and loving encounter. It’s hard to talk about and impossible to comprehend. I take it that all our acts of compassion, of delight, discovery, and insight are those which bring us closer to who we are meant to be. Also, doubtless, we all fail to attain this calling. Some fail miserably. I understand the parable of the sheep and goats to be largely intrapersonal in nature.
How all that sorts out is ultimately a matter of trust and seeing in a mirror darkly.
P.S. I like Guinness, porters, and Belhaven.
I absolutely agree with all you’ve said. I’d love to admire several comments in particular, but I’ve hogged enough of the convo. So just one quick comment, on this:
“Rounding back to your question — while one can perhaps find some value in a kind of renewed virtue ethics (Alasdair MacIntyre) or a sense of developed habit as carrying forward the realized flourishing of identity, I am skeptical that such notions will carry us as far as you may want in clarifying how our actions help bring about destiny.”
I confess I do press hard, but only to see how much is discoverable; to test-drive theories. But I’d be happy with the mere affirmation THAT our actions contribute (in ways that do not reduce to mere secondary causation). If that’s affirmed, I can tolerate any amount of mystery.
Guinness it is. My treat. I’m not a fan of beer though. A chilled Pinot Grigio will do, if David Hart will join.
(Fr Aidan will remove my email if he doesn’t allow personal info, but I’d love to chat offline now and then if you’re open to it, Brian. You can help me with Desmond. Drop me a line: tgbelt@gmail.com)
Are you sure that you’re not my secret Doppelgaenger, and that soon I’m going to wake up and realize I’m not I at all but someone you dreamed (in a Guinness-induced delirium)? I’m pleased you had the wisdom to avoid the academic world once you got doctored, but I would like to know what you do, where you are, and whether you write anywhere. And, if not, there’s a journal I’m associated with…
“Grigio” is a euphemism for “blush.” I’m a noir man all the way, if it’s good.
Seriously, though, when Brian writes: “I maintain that the original gift of being involves a unique, singular telos that we are able to intuit at some level, but that calling is deeply placed and more apt to be touched in dream, play, wonder, creativity and loving encounter,” it is rather as if I am reading someone else laying out my own sensibility. But I think there is a deep theological insight here that is too easily ignored as something vague, gauzy, or sentimental, because we are all so prone to thinking in the rather arid categories of (for want of a better word) analytic correspondence that we regard the entire tacit dimension of knowledge (which is the foundation of all knowledge) as somehow either merely inchoate or merely emotional. If one is not careful, one ends up with the barren dialectic of “rationalism” or “fideism,” and one ends up like a certain popular Thomist I know of, unable to think in any other terms than that.
What that has to do with universalism is that, if it as persons that we are saved, having achieved personhood through communion, rather than as abstract essences, then the notion of an eternal hell becomes not only a problem for, but an absolute barrier to, a coherent concept of salvation. But my dog needs to be walked, so I can’t explain that now.
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Desmond is a friend of mine, incidentally, and I do not know if I have ever found cause to disagree with him on anything.
Yes, you, John Milbank, William Desmond.
When I’m in the mood for a little light reading . . .
Quis es? Si te placet teipsum revelare…
Or, who are you? “Brian” isn’t that uncommon a name. Tell me, are you Brian Blessed (my favorite living Brian)?
The actor? No. Brian Moore, an obscure non-academic with a PhD.
He’s ever so much more than an actor. He’s a natural phenomenon as grand, in his way, as Niagara Falls or Mt Fuji.
I have always liked Mr. Blessed’s work. It cheers my heart to hear this.
Joshua Gibbs (@JoshGibbs) says:
This is entirely the wrong place to do it, but since I don’t know when I’ll be within shouting distance of Dr. Hart again, I want to say that the moment in “The Devil and Pierre Gernet” when Pierre’s soul is taken to heaven and the demon bewails the “gross liberality of interpretation” with which God judges man… well, that whole passage deserves to rank among the best universalist texts of the last thousand years or so.
Oh, you’ve read my fiction. You are a saint among men.
Eric Scheidler says:
As long as the subject of Dr Hart’s fiction has come up, I’d like to express how truly outstanding that collection is.
Dr Hart, is there any more where that came from? You’d be doing English Letters a great service by publishing more of your short fiction. Truly, these are some of the most exquisitely written, moving stories I’ve ever read.
Oh, so kind. Again, health is the issue. I began a collection of 25 “parables,,” the first of which appeared as a Back Page column called The True Helen. I hope to return to that book when I feel well enough. And the. There is a good deal more fiction I want to write. That was originally what I planned to do with my life.
Jonathan Becker says:
I thought the same thing about the entirety of “A Voice from the Emerald World.” Surely you were a fan?
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Dr. Hart, Fr. Kimel, the recent comments here have received a lot of attention, both positive and negative. Here is some negative attention, wherein you are referred to as no less than heretics. Unfortunately, it seems that the author of this blog doesn’t allow comments on his posts.
http://fatherjohn.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-strange-theology-of-david-bentley.html
Well, had a look. Not terrifically compelling, however angry. But this Fr John fellow seems rather unaware of the full Greek and Syriac traditions of reading the cardinal texts. Someone send him the last chapter of Solomon’s Book of the Bee. (yes, a Chaldean, but with an encyclopedic knowledge of the Syrian fathers.) Or Ilaria Ramelli’s latest book, which–for all its flaws–is full of good citations and references. Or send him to fathers like Gregory of Nyssa or Isaac of Ninevah, who fully reveal how they understand such terms as “αιωνιος” or “le-alma” in the course of their expositions. Fr Aidan says Fr John is a good man. Perhaps. But peremptory certitude allied with broad ignorance is not piety, but mere fanaticism; and, whatever his personal virtues, this Fr John fellow simply exhibits neither much scholarly range nor much theological depth. The thing to recall is that, outside the Seven Councils, the licit range of theological opinion is far larger than these self-appointed rigorists know. They do not get to say whether, for instance, Evdokimov, or Olivier Clement, or Bulgakov (etc.) are less truly Orthodox than they. (Or, to cite the more moderate, “hopeful” universalists, Alfeyev or Ware.) They believe their Orthodoxy IS Orthodoxy ( though inevitably they seem to cling to clearly extra-canonical superstitions like the doctrine of the Tollhouses or bizarre late 19th century Greek figures like Makrakis, and so on). They also seem to think the Synodikon and the opinions of certain bishops have an authority that they clearly do not. Even holy bishops (saints are frequently bad thinkers). It would be so much easier for them if Orthodoxy had a pope, I suppose, and a magisterium, and some organ for declaring opinions heresy even on matters not determined by the ecumenical councils. Alas, it is not so. And, unless another council is convoked, I fear that merely reciting the opinions (which is all they are) of certain “holy men” or “holy texts” (rather than others) is not the same thing as making a good argument. (Oh, but I’ll play along: the doctrine of the Tollhouses is a crypto-gnostic heresy and those who hold to it are not TRULY TRULY Orthodox. I make this pronouncement entirely upon the basis of my own personal predilections and my own unauthorized but very deeply felt sense of what I have decided to believe is TRUE Orthodoxy, drawn from sources I have endued with ultimate authority.)
I should have some coffee. Ss Macrina, Gregory Nyssen, Gregory Nazianzen, and Isaac Syrus pray for us all. St George MacDonald of Aberdeenshire too.
Oh, I forgot, he quotes a bad translation of Gregory’s De infantibus too. Fr John, read the Greek, in the Gregorii Nysseni Opera of Jaeger et al. On Cyril and Athanasius, the arguments of various scholars on ther “disposition” is a subtle but fascinating one, and Ramelli is actually quite good on that.
As for quoting the anathemas of the 5th Council: again, the council never really had anything to do with them, they are a separate and irregular set of condemnations, and even so they do not condemn universalism as such, and if one cannot see that clearly then one is not reading the text, but only one’s prejudices through the text.
And–one more thing–I should have included Silouan and Sophrony somewhere on that list.
I see St. Silouan being cited all over the place as a Universalist. I’m confused. Based on my reading (some time ago), his famous prayer was “all creation will be saved, and I alone will perish”. I just don’t see how this is espousing Unversalism – he is exluding himself.
Can you shed some light on this for me?
And do you believe he really believed he was headed for eternal perdition? It is a wonderful statement of humility and hope, not a prophecy.
Obviously I don’t believe that, and nothing I said suggested it.
However, saying, “I alone will perish” is not a Universalist statement. Are there other statements that he made suggesting that he was a Universalist?
From what I have read, I personally would not describe either St Silouan or Elder Sophrony as explicit universalists; rather, they appear to leave open the possibility of universal salvation.
Thus Silouan’s famous rebuke of the hermit who gleefully rejoiced in the eternal punishment of atheists: “Love could not bear that. We must pray for all.” Similarly, when asked by Olivier Clement what would happen if a person does not agree to open his or her heart and accept the love of God, Sophrony replied: “You may be certain that as long as someone is in hell, Christ will remain there with him.”
Silouan did Not dogmatically assert apokatastasis. He certainly held to more than a mere hope. Sophrony too. This is not something they hid. Merely read them.
DBH: Sophrony replied: “You may be certain that as long as someone is in hell, Christ will remain there with him.”
This is powerfully imaged in the play, “The Last Days of Judas Iscariot.” Spoiler alert: The version I saw ends with Judas condemned to hell, Christ pleading with him even as Judas fades into a catatonic state, and Christ remains with him. The lights dim as Jesus washes his feet.
Thank you for writing this response, Dr. Hart.
For my own part, it does not bother me that Fr. John holds the opinions he does, but rather that he wishes to exalt his personal theologumena to doctrine to which all Orthodox Christians ought to adhere. He wishes for Orthodoxy to preach doctrine that, in all honesty, would likely have kept me from ever converting to the faith.
I hope that you, Fr. Kimel, and the many other universalists and hopeful universalists out there continue to engage in the conversation.
P.S. What are the chances that you will be coming to Princeton in the next two years?
C. Taliaferro says:
Hi Isaac,
Presumably you live in Princeton?
My wife and I will be moving there in September for her postdoc. I’ve contacted the local Orthodox parish here in Doha (and the Archbishop in a chance encounter; he deflected my inquiry) in order to begin conversion to Orthodoxy, but it has been of no avail. Anyway, my wife and I will be travelling throughout the region and coordinating our move back to the States this summer so I will unfortunately not be able to begin the initiation (that is, if it resembles the duration of RCIA) until we’re settled in Princeton. In light of Fr. John discouraging universal salvation, I’m hesitant to explain to an unsympathetic priest that it is largely St. Isaac’s writings on the atonement and our ultimate reconciliation with God that has drawn me to the Church. Can you recommend a parish in Princeton where that will not automatically exclude me from entering the Church?
You will have a few great options in the Princeton area. There are services held every Sunday on campus. I myself attend Mother of God parish, which is a few miles away from the university. It is a great parish that will soon be moving into its new building. Here are the websites for both:
http://www.princetonoca.org/
http://www.mogoca.org/
There is also a Russian and a Greek parish in the Princeton area, but they have very few converts.
Like you, St. Isaac had a huge influence on me, hence my baptismal name. Nobody here will turn you away for that. It is a great, thoughtful and welcoming community that will be happy to have you.
Come to think of it, even the priests I know who reject universalism have still been very welcoming. For instance, my priest back home (I’m from the Northwest U.S.) was a fan of Fr. John, but he never saw my inclination towards universalism as something that should exclude me.
I suppose we all for that. But, really, no citing if crucial texts in dubious translations–that must be a rule. If Gregory of Nyssa talks of Judas suffering “eis ton aiona,” then quote him as doing so, as well as the many instances where he makes clear how he understands that biblical phrase. “Unto infinity” forsooth. One of the first things to learn about Gregory is that every version of “infinite” in Greek–apeiron, aperilepton, eyc–is a privileged name for the divine nature. Die Unendlichkeit Gottes bei Gregor von Nyssa (E. Mühlenberg) might have been one of the earliest books I read on Gregory’s metaphysics, flawed though that book is.
Anyway, let Fr John believe as he believes. I have encountered that sort of Orthodox or Catholic before. They are often the most vigorous in good works too (being far nicer, it seems, than the God their theology describes).
As for Princeton, it is all a matter of health. I’m afraid I don’t know anything about the next two years. Kind of you to ask, though.
As a former Protestant, I can testify to the radical difference (at least existentially) between living in the cacophony of the confessions, which distinguished and perpetrated divisions and prescribed bounded sets as to what we had to believe (including infernalism) … vis-a-vis my Orthodox experience of the creeds as centered sets around which we unify, which also limit what we may impose on others and allow for a freedom of theological thought and discourse (that I see here).
I think the most important phrase of those anathemas is from 1. “which follows from it,” identifying, as DBH has said earlier, the problem is only a particular version of apokatastasis that ‘follows from’ the broader (and immediate) problematic worldview — one which Gregory of Nyssa had explicitly repudiated, thereby not only allowing for his own version, but also rehabilitating Origen’s? (well in advance of the 5th council).
That Nazianzus gathers and affirms the philocalia of Origen seems a part of the same project. It would have saved us some pain if they had formally declared Origen a father at their council. However, it is not without import that Benedict XVI numbered Origen as one of the fathers in his book on the Fathers.
I am pretty sure that if this was a dream I would be married to Kate Upton.
I live in Atlanta, have for many years, but my heart is in Western New York where I grew up.
Academia avoided me as much as I avoided it, though I was never really keen to participate.
Petty, corrupt, earnest about the wrong things, if it’s ever right to be earnest, and uninterested in what really matters. The only actual career I can ever remember wanting doesn’t really qualify, I suppose. At some point early in my youth I wanted to be Capt. Kirk. Not an astronaut, mind you, just Captain Kirk. (I am a year older than you, btw.) I work as a drudge grading SAT essays for a national tutoring company. This allows me to eat and to feed my old Persian cat and the many ferals that I somehow became benefactor to. I write on Father Kimel’s blog, because he is a terrific priest and I rarely find a place with an atmosphere congenial to my tastes. I have not attempted to be published anywhere. When I can find the energy, I work on fiction, because I think what the world needs is better images to nurture a more true understanding. I don’t generally get too far with it, but it keeps me relatively sane.
I am truly gratified you think well of my writing. Certainly, I would welcome a venue to share my thoughts.
I wanted to be Captain Kirk too, around 1975. L’hommes d’un certain age.
Resistance was futile. I’ve just been compelled (in Borg-like fashion) to purchase the Devil and Pierre. 3 pages in … Screwtape on crack?
A different kind of devil altogether. If you like “The House of Apollo,” incidentally, by that alone you can gain entrance to paradise–without even having to go through the Tollhouses.
I’m curious as to why you say that?
Umm, well, not in earnest, you know. But, in retrospect, it might be my favorite in the collection.
I must confess, it’s the only one I’ve yet to read. Perhaps I should fear for my soul.
To our list of Orthodox universalist authors, I would like to add Fr. Alexandre Turnicev, who wrote Alexandre Turincev (1966) “Une approche de l’eschatologie orthodoxe,” Contacts 18, no. 54. The article also appeared in part in Olivier Clément, ‘Dieu est Vivant: catéchisme pour les familles par une équipe de Chrétiens Orthodoxes’ (Editions du Cerf, 1979), which was the original French edition of ‘The Living God: A Catechism for the Christian Faith’, 2 Vols. Trans. by Olga
Dunlop (St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1988) but that chapter was omitted in the English
translation. So Father Michael Gillis and the monks from Holy Transfiguration Hermitage (Gibsons, BC Canada) helped me translate it into English. You can see it in the Canadian Journal of Orthodox Christianity here: http://www.cjoc.ca/pdf/Vol_9_1_1_Eschatology.pdf
He loves Silouan. Here is my favorite section:
In the general eschatological context, how must we consider these wildly categorical affirmations of St. John Chrysostom concerning the chaining, humiliation and death of hell – its annihilation? Let us state frankly – the idea of eternal hell and eternal suffering for some and eternal bliss (indifferent to suffering) for others, can no longer remain in the living and renewed Christian conscience as it was formerly presented in our catechisms and our official theology courses. This archaic conception which claims to be based on the Gospel texts, understands them in a literal, coarse and material sense, without penetrating the hidden spiritual meaning of the images and symbols. This conception is increasingly showing itself to be an intolerable violation of Christian conscience, thought and faith. We cannot accept that the sacrifice of Golgotha has revealed itself to be powerless to redeem the world and conquer hell. Otherwise we should say: creation is a failure, and Redemption is also a failure. It is high time for all Christians to witness in common and reveal their mystical experience – intimate in this area – as well as their spiritual expectations, and perhaps also their revolt and horror before materialistic, anthropomorphic representations of hell and the Last Judgment, and of the heavenly Jerusalem. It is high time to be done with all these monstrosities – doctrinal or not – often blasphemous, from ages past, which make of our God of Love that which He is not: an ‘external’ God, who is merely an “allegory of earthly kings and nothing else.” The pedagogy of intimidation and terror is no longer effective. On the contrary, it blocks entry into the Church to many who are seeking a God of Love “who loves mankind” (the “Philanthropos” of the Orthodox liturgy).
A holy monk of Mount Athos,20 a staretz who was almost our contemporary wrote the following, addressed to every Christian: “If the Lord saved you along with the entire multitude of your brethren, and one of the enemies of Christ and the Church remained in the outer darkness, would you not, along with all the others, set yourself to imploring the Lord to save this one unrepentant brother? If you would not beseech Him day and night, then your heart is of iron – but there is no
need for iron in paradise.”
And St. Paul, who was so truly united to Christ that he was able to affirm: “It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me,” – did he not say that he was ready to be “separated from Christ for his brothers?”
Must not each of us plead with the Lord in the same way: May all my brothers be saved along with me! Or otherwise, may I also be damned along with them! Does not our Lord also wait for us to pray such a prayer? And would not this prayer also be the solution to the ‘problem’ of hell and damnation?
George MacDonald’s sermon “Love Thy Neighbour” has a passage so reminiscent of Silouan’s remark that it is almost difficult to keep them distinct in one’s memory.
Will read that sermon between chapters of the Devil and Pierre! I like the subtle threat of hell to those alone who would use it to terrorize — no need for iron in paradise — the kind of rhetorical reversal we see in Christ’s parables.
Karen Cubberley says:
Brad, I presume that “holy monk of Mt. Athos” who is quoted is St. Silouan? Thanks. I needed to read that after reading Fr. John’s posts on this subject. It is that precise agony of prayer in my own experience, a deep grief that any should miss Christ and be lost, that I believe prompted the Lord in His mercy to open my eyes to the Orthodox Church. Without at least a hope that all might be saved–without a genuinely Orthodox Paschal vision–I don’t see how I would be able to go on getting up again after I fall down in my walk with Christ. I live in dread that Fr. John’s interpretation of the Tradition of the Church might be correct. This fallen world is already more a hell to me than I can handle–watching cultures coarsen, crash and burn, knowing how people suffer and being mostly powerless to help any of them. St. Silouan’s vision is the prayer that keeps me going.
I am far more conscious of the many people who have apostasized of any form of traditional Christian faith or who despair of God’s help because of the unnuanced preaching of everlasting damnation coupled with the awareness, in this age of mass media, of all the evil and suffering perpetrated in the world (a lot of it these days in the name of superior fidelity to the supreme “God”!) than I do any Christians who do not take the working out of their salvation seriously because of a cavalier universalist hope in the scope of Christ’s defeat of the powers of hell. I am blessedly reminded by St. Silouan’s words here of Christ’s parable of the Lost Sheep, how for the sake of the one lost, the Good Shepherd leaves the 99 in the fold to go seeking the one that remains lost. . . . This alone gives hope to my breaking heart. It is only when I dare to hope that the Lord might really be this relentless and victorious in His love, that I feel sin begin to loosen its grip on me.
Yes, Karen, that was indeed St. Silouan.
And tonight I read the parallel passage in MacDonald’s sermon, “Love your neighbor,” that DBH referred us to. It sounds so similar to your heart and got me thinking, too, that if Jesus Christ is the same, yesterday, today and FOREVER, then the parable of the lost sheep is a potent universalist passage! So MacDonald:
“When once to a man the human face is the human face divine, and the hand of his neighbor is the hand of a brother, then will he understand what St. Paul meant when he said, “I wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren.” But he will no longer understand those who, so far from feeling the love of their neighbor an essential of their being, expect to be set free from its law in the world to come. There, at least, for the glory of God, they may limit its expansive tendencies to the narrow circle of their heaven. On its battlements of safety, they will regard hell from afar, and say to each other, “Hark! Listen to their moans. But do not weep, for they are our neighbors no more.”
“St. Paul would be wretched before the throne of God, if he thought there was one man beyond the pale of His mercy, and that as much for God’s glory as for the man’s sake. And what shall we say of the man Christ Jesus? Who, that loves his brother, would not, upheld by the love of Christ, and with a dim hope that in the far-off time there might be some help for him, arise from the company of the blessed, and walk down into the dismal regions of despair, to sit with the last, the only unredeemed, the Judas of his race, and be himself more blessed in the pains of hell, than in the glories of heaven?
“But it is a wild question. God is, and shall be, All in all. Father of our brothers and sisters! You will not be less glorious than we, taught of Christ, are able to think You. When You go into the wilderness and seek, You will not come home until you have found. It is because we hope not for them in You, not knowing Your love, that we are so hard and so heartless to the brothers and sisters You have given us.”
Fr. Aiden, if I might also include this beautiful quote from Catholic theologian, Gustave Martelet, at the end of his article on hell in the ECT:
Gustave Martelet “Hell,” Encyclopedia of Christian Theology, Vol. 1, edited by Jean-Yves Lacoste, (New York: Routledge, 2005), 693.
Our creation in Christ has made us, by vocation, into beings to whom the Father is as essential as he is, by paternity, to the Son himself. But we should not forget the other face of this mystery, whereby we appear, in Christ, as eternally irreplaceable to the Father as the Son is to him. Confronted with the suicidal decision to reverse into hatred the love for which we have all been created and which makes us, in the Father’s eyes, inseparable from the person of his Son, could God, even out of respect for our freedom, abandon forever the person who destroys himself in the self-torture of his aberration? How could he do so, this God who, in Christ wishes to raise us by pure grace to his likeness, and promises to share with us the life of his uncreated Son? Such is the choice of the unfathomable depth of his love for us. Henceforth there is no human rule, no safeguard of morality that can prohibit God from loving madly the madman who believes that in order to exist he must refrain from loving him who is love itself! God’s remedy for madness consists then in bringing into play all the resources of his love to help the rebel overcome his insane refusal to love. For what kind of God would he be who, despite being declared all-powerful, was forever incapable of releasing from his mortal spell a freedom that was received without being requested, and that could become a snare of pain and hatred to its recipient, for all eternity?
Faced with the lights of the Kingdom of heaven in the night (in itself hopeless) of hell, we are therefore empowered by faith to throw ourselves naked into the love of God. As worthy descendants of Abraham—“In hope he believed against hope” (Rom 4:18)—we hope that the bottomless depths of God’s fatherhood, of Christ’s Passion, and of the resources of the Holy Spirit will allow us to escape from the fiery prison that is hell. We can say nothing of how this might be; but we must trust absolutely in the reserves of love, grace, and glory, whose only measure is God’s love for the Son in the Holy Spirit, a love in which we are forever included. Moreover, since God has revealed to us in his Son that we are saved and saveable by pure grace, and never by our works (Rom 1–4), how could it be otherwise when the eschatology of every creature is decided, at the crowning moment when the mystery of grace, in which we have been established for all time by God himself, will be fulfilled? In this light, hell becomes, with regard to a boundless faith, the location of choice for God’s victory over the most incomprehensible rejection—victory that could be called humanly unexpected and that is for the prayer of the spiritual and for the thought of the theologian “able to be hoped for.”
Wonderful quotation, Brad. Thanks for sharing it. And thanks for the link to the Turnicev article.
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Hi, everyone. I’m stepping in here and asking everyone to return to the theme of the page–the hope of universal salvation. Thank you.
I’m fascinated by the force of fiction to open a way to such hope: Would CS Lewis, Great Divorce count, as least as the first step across the bridge?
I still question the logic of a teleological approach leading inescapably to universalism. Why is it not possible that some persons will never come to regard God as their final Good and, thus, never freely choose Him? I agree that true freedom is found in the true worship and service of God, but I do not understand why some could not remain forever in the delusion that something (or more likely someone?) other than God is their final Good. Am I missing an element in the argument?
Thanks. I have found the discussion very interesting.
Potentially, every source of delusion would be removed or healed when we ‘see him face to face’ … the telos would be an experience of pure clarity to a graciously restored mind and will.
I agree with the effects of seeing God ‘face to face.’ I question, though, whether all will ever come to such a state. Is it possible to see God ‘face to face’ if great delusions remain?
The question is based on an ontological confusion, and a naive anthropomorphism. Sorry to sound arch, but you are not thinking of God as God. Because God is not a finite object over against you as a subject, you cannot simply turn away towards “something else.” He is the ground and end of all desire and knowledge as such, the Good in itself. You cannot choose or not choose God the way you would choose or not choose a cup of coffee. You desire anything because of your original desire for God as the transcendental Good and Beautiful; you know anything because of your original intellectual appetite for God as the transcendental Truth as such. Even in desiring to flee God, you are desiring God as the “good end” you seek in godlessness. He is inescapable because all being, goodness, unity, truth, and beauty simply are God in their transcendent truth, and because a rational nature is nothing but an infinite dynamic orientation towards that transcendent end. The natural will, as Maximus says, can will only God. Don’t think of God as a candidate in a political race, whom you could simply reject and be done with; he is the original and final act of your every discrete act of desire. And, in the ages, since God is all and there is literally nothing beyond him, the natural will is always seeking its natural supernatural end. Simply said, God is not an object of desire; he is the end that makes desire.
I paused to worship after this one.
I guess my question is – if this is true, then why do communicating members of the Church fall into greivous sin and error? Further, how does this relate to the pre and post communion prayers which suggest that the effect of God’s presence can be damaging to those who are unprepared or unrepentant?
I don’t follow. Is belonging to the Church the same thing as being rendered magically sinless? And who denies that one can suffer spiritual harm? I am sorry, but your question does not seem to have any relation to the claim being made ( which, incidentally, is exactly the same claim as Maximus the Confessor makes about freedom).
Thanks for the response, Mr. Hart. I do think it’s a helpful clarification about God, and I think I agree with your basic description of God as man’s final end.
Also, let me confess that I am not well-read in universalism, so my responses can’t be entirely fair to y’all as I’m not working from a lot of the common source material. That being said, I find this conversation very interesting and will continue to read up on the question.
My struggle in understanding the inescapable conclusion of universalism still rests in not understanding why a human person is not capable of continually refusing to accept God’s salvific offer of Himself in Christ. So I have a couple questions which might help further clarify the argument.
1) Do you think it is possible for a human person to either accept or refuse God’s gift of salvation in Christ?
2) If it is possible for a human person to refuse God’s gift throughout their whole life in this world, why is it not possible for a human person to continue to do so after he or she has has died? I suppose, ultimately, I don’t understand why, if it is possible for a human person to refuse God’s offer once, it is not possible for them to refuse it on and on for the rest of their existence. I don’t in anyway think that people must do that. I don’t see why it’s not a possibility though.
Thanks again for taking the time to clarify. You have said that what you are arguing is essentially communicated in the works of Gregory of Nyssa, Isaac, Maximus, and George MacDonald; so it may be that I should read them first and then return to comment.
Lastly, let me say in case I don’t get another chance, I have really benefited from your writing and lectures. Particularly, I really enjoyed your article on baseball. But, more seriously, I’ve been working through Beauty of the Infinite and being challenged throughout. So thank you, and I pray you’ll be afforded the health to continue writing.
No Man's Land says:
Yes, in a word, grace.
Also it seems to me what you are saying is logically confused. Given certain assumptions about God (the ones being made in this thread), either God is the final Good (Good in itself) or he is not. This means that the argument you cannot avail yourself of is God is the final Good and something else is the final Good as well. It amounts to saying there are two Gods. But if that is right, then, strangely enough, there are no Gods, because something cannot be God, as we understand him, and something else also be God. It amounts to saying A and ~A which is logically contradictory. Moreover, if both are the Good in itself, then it seems reasonable to suppose that they are essentially identical which, according to a decent metaphysical principle, means there is one final Good, not two.
Both “never” and “forever” are awfully big words. Could a finite and imperfect being be envisioned as having the constancy to refuse through an infinity of time? Scripture seems to describe the sinful man as wavering. I shortcircuits my thinking to try to posit such an infinite and firmly consistent refusal on the part of a finite, flawed, and inconstant being such as we all are.
That’s an interesting question. I don’t quite understand why a finite and imperfect being might be capable of achieving everlasting blessedness but not capable of enacting an everlasting tragedy. In addition, I don’t see why an ever increased pursuit by God must result in the eventual conversion of the pursued as opposed to the possibility of an everlasting evasion by the pursued. I am inclined to think that it becomes harder, not easier, to turn to God the more a person rejects God. But, like I said, I might be missing something in the argument, or I might be questioning with unconscious and false presuppositions about the nature of human being.
Anyways, thanks for the response.
I think I see where you’re coming from Shane. For my part, this is where I imagine (with Paul, I think, in 1 Cor. 15) that omnipotent love graciously initiates the parousia in all its efficacy, and everlasting blessedness is not something we can either achieve by our goodness or sabotage by our delusions … Rather, when the True Light shines, the darkness of delusion will be dispelled and healing love will do its work on our hearts … the synergism of this, I hope, will be the genuine, willing response of someone being brought back from the dead (DBH’s ‘third moment’). In other words, we’re counting on a love greater in its illuminating power than the blindness of whatever veils of unbelief and defiance we’ve pulled over our own eyes.
I might say here that even hopeful inclusivists so far unable to dogmatize this universal hope are nevertheless obligated by love to hope and pray for it, to the degree that the supposed alternatives (infernalism, conditional immortality or annihilationism) are in principle untenable.
evagrius says:
A very interesting discussion…On reading the posts, some quite technical and others quite poetic and evocative, I could not help but think of the need for this type of conversation to be more broad in that such a topic has also been addressed in other religious traditions. I think, for instance, of the Buddhist tradition, ( Mahayana), of the Bodhisattvas who refuse entering total enlightenment until all beings are also saved, enlightened.
On ignorance and enlightenment, Dogen Zenji is quite adamant that enlightenment occurs in the midst of ignorance. He upholds a paradoxical way, one that I find challenging to our usual black/white, binary logic.
At any rate, I find the discussion to have been, for me, quite fruitful and encouraging. I hope the participants, all of them, find the goal they are earnestly striving for.
The example of the Bodhisattva is always in the back of my mind. Shantideva’s Bodhicaryavatara should be required reading for all Christian theologians. Technically, in the Mahayana–of any inflection (my favorite being Yogacara or Citta matra, but that’s neither here nor there), the Bodhisattva does not refuse enlightenment. He is, in fact, fully awakened. But, out of the superabundance of his metta (compassionate love) and karuna (mercy), he vows not to “pass over” into Nibbana until all other sentient beings are ushered in. And this very act is the supreme enlightenment, because in being set free from tanha absolutely by his compassion he learns that “Samsara and Nibbana are one”–for, in the eyes of charity, paradise is the compassion that prompts the great vow.
It used to trouble me, as a young aspiring student of Asian religions, that the typical way in which the work of Christ was preached from pulpits made it seem not only that our God is morally inferior to the bodhisattva, but that in fact Christianity was burdened by a thwarted moral imagination, and that the Mahayana made this obvious. Gregory of Nyssa and George MacDonald and Isaac of Ninevah (etc.) prevented me from abandoning the faith as an ungainly alloy of the ennobling and the barbaric.
As for Dogen, the issue of enlightenment (or, technically, awakening) is a somewhat different issue. But, of course, you are right that knowledge of anything is not merely a discursive mastery of its attributes, but an encounter, an intellectual intuition, in which there must be a surfeit of mystery, or in which the intellect falls silent in being subsumed into…well, ideally love. That is the yield of apophatic discipline in Maximus, after all.
Fear not. Fr John is wrong–absolutely and lamentably wrong. God actually is better than we, not the contemptible tyrant of the servile religious imagination. Read Isaac. Read George MacDonald’s Unspoken Sermons, the finest works of theology in the English language.
It seems the heresy of apokatastasis presented here isn’t really molesting Orthodox eschatology or soteriology as much as it cuts asunder the dogma of Orthodox anthropology that says that baptized human persons have free will.
Either we have free will now with the ability to permanently and eternally reject God, and God efficaciously and therefore irresistibly changes the human will in the eschaton to choose God permanently, *OR* we don’t have free will now, and the change that God does upon us in the eschaton gives us will that is truly free and we thus choose God freely for eternally.
Both of these fly in the face of the faith delivered once and for all that says that a baptized human person has free will now, *AND* will have free will in the eschaton.
Do the Fathers differ on how free will and providence interact? Absolutely. Do they differ on how grace and free will relates to “nature” of a person? Absolutely. Are there various interpretations about how the post-lapsarian will is wounded? Absolutely. Various interpretations about how a free will really operates in the eschaton? Absolutely.
But what is crystal clear is that the will of a baptized person is free, and that freedom is ontologically a property of the will. And it is also crystal clear that as our will is sanctified, glorified, deified–whatever term you want to use–in Glory–and that it nevertheless is in the ontological sense, *FREE*.
I can’t believe that two heroes of mine (Fr Aidan) and Dr Hart) are denying it. Christ have mercy… on us all.
Daniel, have you considered the possibility that you are confusing creaturely causality and divine causality? As I have expressed in a couple of my past postings, popular understandings of synergism appear to put God in the same metaphysical level (just as so many analytic philosophers do today). Hence they present human freedom and divine action as mutually competitive. But this simply cannot be the right way to think about the relationship between the Transcendence and human beings. Take a look at these past articles of mine:
“Rowboating with God”
“Divine Agency and Human Freedom”
“Tom Talbott and Tom Aquinas”
“Thomas Talbott and the Outer Darkness”
“Is Sergius Bulgakov an Augustinian”
“The Grammar of Agency”
Now I may be very wrong in my attempts to speak of what Austin Farrer calls “double agency,” but it is also very wrong to call it heresy. The Orthodox Church hasn’t even considered this difficult question at the depth it needs to be considered before any such judgment can be made. But let’s assume the libertarians are right. We can still proclaim the universalist hope: see “What are the Odds?” Hope this helps.
But no one denies free will. Everything here is an affirmation of it. It is the “voluntarist” view of freedom, paradoxically, that would make the will incapable of freedom. Do you, as a Christian, believe you are free just because you make choices, or that you are ever freer the better the choices you make are? Because they correspond to the truth that is God, I mean? Forgive me, but you simply need to think the matter through with greater attention to the logic of freedom and the logic of what metaphysical and modal attributes are entailed in the word “God.” No Church Father ever had a keener and fuller and more sophisticated understanding of free will than did Gregory of Nyssa. None was a more adamant and unhesitating universalist. The two things are not in tension in his thought; they are necessarily logically implied in one another.
Oh, and there is no “heresy of apokatastasis.” Unless you know of an ecumenical council that, unlike the 5th, really proclaimed there is. If you won’t call it a heresy, I won’t say anything similar of those whose theology is so clearly a rejection of 1 Corinthians 15 and Romans 11, not to mention all of 1 Timothy.
By the way, the picture of free will advanced here is essentially that of Maximus the Confessor.
Ville says:
If man was created perfect and free in this way, why did the Fall occur then? If man (freely and) necessarily chooses good in prelapsarian state, how is the Fall even possible?
Man was not created perfect. Man was created innocent and according to Gregory, I think, as moral toddlers. This makes the fall inevitable and therefore, mercy is ultimately God’s only just response. (riffing off Dr Andrew Klager, an Orthodox universalist). Perfection is the telos of theosis rather than the first state.
Perfect ?
That the natural will has only one transcendental end is logically necessary. That is not even debatable because it is written In the very definition of the will as intentional. Please understand that this is different from saying that the finite deliberative will or finite mind always wills the truly good as the Good. You are confusing issues.
As for how the fall occurred, no theologian has ever given a satisfactory theory. But that word “perfect” is misplaced. By definition, nothing temporal is “perfect” in its origin (unless by origin one means the divine intention for that being).
I understand (and accept) Plato’s view that all willing is ultimately desire for the Good in itself. That is a question about the final cause of the will. But I’m curious: to be truly free does the will necessarily have some kind of an ‘arbitrary spontaneity’ as an efficient cause?
Is the “freedom” to sell yourself into slavery or lock yourself in a cage actual freedom? It seems more like a limitation of the will to me.
You are free to go home after work today, you are free to drink whiskey once home, you are free to be selfish or unselfish, mean or nice, and so on. But your free choices have nothing whatsoever to do with choosing between hell or heaven. Your ultimate destiny is a matter of God’s grace, I would think. But of course your choices can help decide how you go about getting there. That is, how God is going to reconcile you to himself, how difficult or easy that process is is going to depend on your free choices, to some at least limited extent, I think, choices have consequences after all. Simply put, free will is not in tension with universal salvation, and I don’t see how one can read Paul any other way and get it to make sense.
So true. Romans 3:18. 1 Corinthians 15:22. και τα λοιπα.
I know you said και τα λοιπα. But I’ll add, just for diligence sake, Rom. 9.16, 5.20.
This discussion should go down in the annals of the blogosphere as the most intellectually complex discussion ever to be pursued in the commentary section of a blog. Thank you all very much!
Unfortunately, I don’t have sufficient knowledge to participate in the discussion. That is, I am too ignorant or, as most of you would probably put it, I am too much lacking freedom.
But perhaps that’s just because I’m catholic…
Please keep discussing, so that we all can benefit from it!
A bit of Ratzinger (Eschatology, pp. 215ff.) to add to the discussion:
The idea of eternal damnation, which had taken ever clearer shape in the Judaism of the Century or two before Christ, has a firm place in the teaching of Jesus, as well as in the apostolic writings. Dogma takes its stand on solid ground when it speaks of the existence of Hell and of the eternity of its punishments.
This teaching, so contrary to our ideas about God and about man, was naturally only accepted with great difficulty. According to fragments preserved in Justinian and the Pseudo-Leontius, it was Origen who, in his ambitious attempt to systematize Christianity, the Peri Archon, first proposed the idea that given the logic of God’s relationship with history, there must be a universal reconciliation at the End. Origen himself regarded his outline systematics as no more than a hypothesis. It was an approach to a comprehensive vision, an approach which did not necessarily claim to reproduce the contours of reality itself. While the effect of Neo-Platonism in the Peri Archon was to overaccentuate the idea that evil is in fact nothing and nothingness, God alone being real, the great Alexandrian divine later sensed much more acutely the terrible reality of evil, that evil which can inflict suffering on God himself and, more, bring him down to death. Nevertheless, Origen could not wholly let go of his hope that, in and through this divine suffering, the reality of evil is taken prisoner and overcome, so that it loses its quality of definitiveness. In that hope of his, a long line of fathers were to follow him: Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alexandria, Diodore of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Evagrius Ponticus, and, at least on occasion, Jerome of Bethlehem also. But the mainstream tradition of the Church has flowed along a different path. It found itself obliged to concede that such an expectation of universal reconciliation derived from the System rather than from the biblical witness. The dying echo of Origen’s ideas has lingered through the centuries, however, in the many variants of the so-called doctrine of misericordia. These would either except Christians completely from the possibility of damnation, or eise concede to all the lost some kind of relief from suffering—in comparison, that is, with what they really deserve.
What should we hold on to here? First, to the fact of God’s unconditional respect for the freedom of his creature. What can be given to the creature, however, is love, and with this all its neediness can be transformed. The as- sent to such love need not be “created” by man: this is not something which he achieves by his own power. And yet the freedom to resist the creation of that assent, the freedom not to acccpt it as one’s own, this freedom remains. Herein lies the difference betwecn the beautiful dream of the Boddhisattva and its realization. The true Boddhisattva, Christ, dcscends into Hell and suffers it in all its emptiness; but he docs not, for all that, treat man as an immature being deprived in the final analysis of any responsibility for his own destiny. Heaven reposes upon freedom, and so leaves to the damned the right to will their own damnation. The specificity of Christianity is shown in this conviction of the greatness of man. Human life is fully serious. It is not to be denatured by what Hegel called the “cunning of the Idea” into an aspect of divine planning. The irrrvocablc takes place, and that includes, then, irrevocable destruction. The Christian man or woman must live with such seriousness and be aware of it. 1t is a seriousness which takes on tangible form in the Cross of Christ.
That Cross throws light upon our theme from two directions. First, it teaches us that God himself suffered and died. Evil is not, then, something unreal for him. For the God who is love, hatred is not nothing. He overcomes evil, but not by somc dialectic of universal rcason which can transform all negations into affirmations. God overcomes evil not in a “speculative Good Friday,” to use the lan- guage of Hegel, but on a Good Friday which was most real. He himself entered into the distinctive freedom of sinners but went beyond it in that freedom of his own love which descended willingly into the Abyss.
While the real quality of evil and its consequences become quite palpable here, the question also arises—and this is the second illuminating aspcct of the mystery of the Cross for our problem—whether in this event we are not in touch with a divine response able to draw freedom prccisely as freedom to itself. The answer lies hidden in Jesus’ descent into Sheol, in the night of the soul which he suffered, a night which no one can observe except by entering this darkness in suffering faith. Thus, in the history of holiness which hagiology offers us, … “Hell” has taken on a completely new meaning and form. For the saints, “Hell” is not so much a threat to be hurled at other people but a challenge to oneself. It is a challenge to suffer in the dark night of faith, to experience communion with Christ in solidarity with his descent into the Night. One draws near to the Lord’s radiance by sharing his darkness. One serves the salvation of the world by leaving one’s own salvation behind for the sake of others. In such piety, nothing of the dreadful reality of Hell is denied. Hell is so real that it reaches right into the existence of the saints. Hope can take it on, only if one shares in the suffering of Hell’s night by the side of the One who came to transform our night by his suffering. Here hope does not emerge from the neutral logic of a system, from rendering humanity innocuous. Instead, it derives from the surrender of all claims to innocence and to reality’s perduringness, a surrender which takes place by the Cross of the Redeemer. Such hope cannot, however, be a self-willed assertion. It must place its petition into the hands of its Lord and leave it there. The doctrine of everlasting punishment preserves its real content. The idea of mercy, which has accompanied it, in one form or another, throughout its long history, must not become a theory. Rather is it the prayer of suffering, hopeful faith.
To be honest, the rhetoric is stirring, but I find the reasoning a little banal, for the reasons I have already enunciated. And exegetically poor. It reduces freedom to mere libertarian optionalism (to use some jargon) and God to an option among options (a thing among things). It is a defense of an indefensible doctrinal tradition, heroic but hopeless.
But here I’ll withdraw from the conversation. I will lay out my reasoning in the book, if my health allows. God bless everyone (and I do mean everyone).
Hi, everyone. I am temporarily closing the comments on this page. It really is not intended for extended discussion, but I allowed it to continue because we often do not get a visitor of the intellectual caliber of David Hart. My special thanks to David for addressing our many questions.
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Home » Chief of army staff calls on the Prime Minister
Chief of army staff calls on the Prime Minister
January 11, 2021 | | Share:
Islamabad, January 11, 2021 (PPI-OT): Chief of Army Staff, General Qamar Javed Bajwa called on Prime Minister Imran Khan in Islamabad today. Director General ISI Lt. Gen. Faiz Hamid was also present. National Security situation was discussed during the meeting. The unfortunate Mach, Balochistan incident was highly condemned. It was resolved that the perpetrators would be brought to justice. The continuous human rights violations in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir and the frequent ceasefire violations over the Line of Control also came under discussion.
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VLBA+GBT observations of the COSMOS field and radio source counts at 1.4 GHz
Herrera Ruiz, N. and Middelberg, E. and Deller, A. and Smolčić, V. and Norris, R. P. and Novak, M. and Delvecchio, I. and Best, P. N. and Schinnerer, E. and Momjian, E. and Dettmar, R.-J. and Brisken, W. and Koekemoer, A. M. and Scoville, N. Z. (2018) VLBA+GBT observations of the COSMOS field and radio source counts at 1.4 GHz. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 616 . Art. No. A128. ISSN 0004-6361. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180912-122527893
We present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of 179 radio sources in the COSMOS field with extremely high sensitivity using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) together with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) (VLBA+GBT) at 1.4 GHz, to explore the faint radio population in the flux density regime of tens of μJy. Here, the identification of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is based on the VLBI detection of the source, meaning that it is independent of X-ray or infrared properties. The milli-arcsecond resolution provided by the VLBI technique implies that the detected sources must be compact and have large brightness temperatures, and therefore they are most likely AGN (when the host galaxy is located at z ≥ 0.1). On the other hand, this technique only allows us to positively identify when a radio-active AGN is present, in other words, we cannot affirm that there is no AGN when the source is not detected. For this reason, the number of identified AGN using VLBI should be always treated as a lower limit. We present a catalogue containing the 35 radio sources detected with the VLBA+GBT, ten of which were not previously detected using only the VLBA. We have constructed the radio source counts at 1.4 GHz using the samples of the VLBA and VLBA+GBT detected sources of the COSMOS field to determine a lower limit for the AGN contribution to the faint radio source population. We found an AGN contribution of >40−75% at flux density levels between 150 μJy and 1 mJy. This flux density range is characterised by the upturn of the Euclidean-normalised radio source counts, which implies a contribution of a new population. This result supports the idea that the sub-mJy radio population is composed of a significant fraction of radio-emitting AGN, rather than solely by star-forming galaxies, in agreement with previous studies.
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832969 DOI Article
Deller, A. 0000-0001-9434-3837
Smolčić, V. 0000-0002-3893-8614
Norris, R. P. 0000-0002-4597-1906
Novak, M. 0000-0001-8695-825X
Delvecchio, I. 0000-0001-8706-2252
Schinnerer, E. 0000-0002-3933-7677
Momjian, E. 0000-0003-3168-5922
Koekemoer, A. M. 0000-0002-6610-2048
Scoville, N. Z. 0000-0002-0438-3323
© ESO 2018. Received 6 March 2018 / Accepted 18 April 2018. N.H.R. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through project MI 1230/4-1. V.S., M.N. and I.D. acknowledge the European Union’s Seventh Framework programme under grant agreement 337595 (ERC Starting Grant, “CoSMass”). P.N.B. is grateful for support from STFC via grant ST/M001229/1. We thank the anonymous referee for the helpful and constructive comments, which have improved this paper. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator, developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under licence. This work made use of Topcat (Taylor 2005), available at http://www.starlink.ac.uk/topcat/. This work also made use of APLpy, an open-source plotting package for Python hosted at http://aplpy.github.com, and Astropy, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013). We wish to thank the staff of the VLBA and the GBT who greatly supported the experimental observations in this project. The VLBA and the GBT are operated by the Long Baseline Observatory and the Green Bank Observatory, respectively, facilities of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.
COSMOS, Astronomy Department
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) MI 1230/4-1
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/M001229/1
NSF UNSPECIFIED
Associated Universities, Inc. UNSPECIFIED
catalogs / galaxies: active / radio continuum: galaxies
VLBA+GBT observations of the COSMOS field and radio source counts at 1.4 GHz N. Herrera Ruiz, E. Middelberg, A. Deller, V. Smolčić, R. P. Norris, M. Novak, I. Delvecchio, P. N. Best, E. Schinnerer, E. Momjian, R.-J. Dettmar, W. Brisken, A. M. Koekemoer and N. Z. Scoville A&A, 616 (2018) A128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832969
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groups at barnstondale
Visiting an activity centre such as Barnstondale can broaden the minds of school-age children and young adults alike. We can cater to groups of all sizes and abilities, with onsite accommodation available for teachers and students.
The benefits of working as a team and surmounting challenging tasks can help to develop skills in other areas. Barnstondale can accommodate Youth Groups of all ages and abilities.
Our range of activities at Barnstondale can demonstrate the importance of participation and collaboration. The physical activities can also teach vital lessons of problem solving and shared responsibility.
Scouts, Brownies & Guides
Life skills are an important part of being part of the Scouts, Brownies and Guide. Our accommodation and activities can be tailored to visiting groups’ individual requirements, to dovetail with these youth organisations’ remits.
If ever there was a need for teambuilding, it’s in the field of sport. Whatever your sporting expertise, we’ll have something for you that will be a new challenge.
NCS Groups
The National Citizen Service (NCS) is a voluntary personal and social development programme for 15-17 year-olds. We are proud to enable these young people to face new challenges at this important point in their lives.
With our range of hospitality facilities available on-site, we can offer all kinds of events, including commemorative parties, get-togethers, reunions, dinners and other celebrations.
Team Days
From all walks of life and work, we welcome visitors to take part in our teambuilding exercises. From corporate awaydays to residential weekend events, we offer a diverse range of activities to stretch the mind and strengthen the team.
To download our safeguarding policy in PDF click here.
Our centre holds an AALA License.
Reference No: R0650
License No: L18049
Expiry Date: 17/06/22
The centre also holds a Learning Outside the Classroom Quality Badge.
Certificate no: R2QB102850
Expiry date: 10th August 2021
At Barnstondale we work very hard to reduce the possible risk of all our activities and we constantly reassess and make them as safe as possible. All adventure activities understandably carry some degree of risk, so full risk assessments have been undertaken for all our activities.
In order that our group leaders are fully informed and to aid them in planning and booking their programmes, we have made the latest risk assessments for our activities available below.
Risk assessments in DOCX format (Zip file)
Risk assessments in PDF format (Zip file)
If you’re bringing a group to Barnstondale, why not take part in our Barnstondale quiz? It has questions for all the activities that you can do at Barnstondale and is a great way to get children thinking about their trip. Some of the answers can be found on the Barnstondale website, while others will require further research and discussion, making it a real problem-solving challenge.
Click here to download the quiz as a PDF (14MB)
Dormitory-style
Meadow Cabin
Its a difficult November this year and it was a tough blow to our hopes of continuing to offer inspiration and opportunities to young people when Barnstondale had to close its gates once again for the second lockdown. Thanks to some fantastic news, however, this damp...
We’re pleased to welcome Jon Muspratt as our new Centre Director. In mid-May, Jon took up this newly created post with a brief to develop new strategic directions for the organisation. He arrived at the height of the lockdown caused by the Covid-19 pandemic....
You can read our privacy policy here
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Best New York Comedy
The Best in NYC Live Comedy, Selected by Hy Bender; Most Shows $15, $10, or Free
Favorite Jokes
Favorite Comedy Videos
Comedy Club Discounts
NYC Top Comedy Choices for Monday 5/15/13
For more, please visit HyReviews.com.
See John Oliver, Janeane Garofalo, and more on May 20th; details here.
Mel Brooks is interviewed (live from LA) at the 92nd Street Y…
…and acclaimed South African comic Trevor Noah debuts his one-man show “Born a Crime” at The Culture Project
Tonight’s recommendations for the best in New York City comedy (in chronological order, with top picks noted and shows over $10 marked with $) include:
[TOP PICK] [FREE] 6:00 pm: Sketch comics—including such superb talents as Dan Hodapp, Keisha Zollar, and Steve Soroka—audition their funniest characters at The Magnet for a performance spot at the prestigious Montreal comedy festival: Just for Laughs Auditions
[TOP PICK] [ALMOST FREE] 6:00 pm ($1): Cammi Climaco (co-host of Ask Me Stories) hosts this weekly hour-long open-mic storytelling show, with typically six audience members chosen from a bucket of names getting to tell tales for 6-7 minutes each at The PIT downstairs lounge: Cammi Climaco’s Storytelling Open Mic: Six by Six
[FREE] 6:00 pm: Open-mic stand-up for 15 comics performing for 5 minutes each at Queens LIC’s Laughing Devil Comedy Club (4738 Vernon Blvd.)—with drinks at half price: Happy Hour Open Mic
[FREE] 6:00 pm: Open-mic stand-up providing 3 minutes per comic at Queens LIC’s The Creek upstairs theatre hosted by Max Corbel & Benel Germosen: Cracking It
6:00 pm (no cover, 1 drink min. for both comics and audience members): Open mic stand-up providing 5-7 minutes per comic, running 2 1/2 hours. Arrive 30 minutes before the show to get on the signup sheet. This is a fine opportunity to perform at the only comedy club in the East Village: Eastville Comedy Club Open Mic
[TOP PICK] 7:00 pm ($5): Highly charming and luminous gal comics Bridget Fitzgerald (multi-talented model/actress/improvisor/sketch comic) and Anna Drezen (superb character comic blending words and movement; one-woman show Spooky Jerks), plus Will Nunziata and Justin Akin, are panelists for this new game in which “four smart, funny people are quizzed on odd and obscure bits of trivia that just might save your life (probably not, though)” at The PIT downstairs lounge hosted by MIchael FIsher: Pop Quiz Hotshot
7:00 pm-12:30 am ($7 for the entire evening): Magnet house improv groups Call Tokyo, The Music Industry, Featherweight, Brick, Chet Watkins, Horses, and Bloomer, followed by a free audience interactive show with Horses at 11:30 pm: The Magnet’s Megawatt
[FREE] 7:00 pm to Midnight: Five free hours of improvisation at The PIT upstairs theatre: Super Free Wednesday
7:00 pm ($5): A stand-up who’s performed on Jimmy Fallon and Funny or Die, and who’s naturally funny even if his material doesn’t always hit the mark, tries stuff out at UCB Chelsea for a 30-45 minute set: Aaron Glaser
[TOP PICK] [$] 7:15 pm ($29-$38): In celebration of a new PBS American Masters documentary about comedy legend Mel Brooks titled Make a Noise, Brooks will be interviewed (via satellite from LA) by Joy Behar, Susan Stroman, Robert Trachtenberg, and more at the 92nd Street Y’s Kaufmann Concert Hall (1395 Lexington Avenue, between 91st and 92nd Streets): Mel Brooks
[TOP PICK] 8:00 pm ($5): John Lutz (cast member of 30 Rock; six years as staff writer for Saturday Night Live; John and Scott) and Peter Grosz (writer for The Colbert Report, star of over 100 Sonic fast-food commercials) perform two-man improv as acclaimed duo 2 Square
[$] 8:00 pm ($30): Trevor Noah, a South African comic who’s appeared on Jay Leno and Chelsea Lately, performs a one-man show about “a search for identity in a world obsessed with labels” on Wednesdays-Saturdays through June 8th at The Culture Project (45 Bleecker Street). I haven’t seen this, but Noah has a great reputation: Born a Crime
[FREE] 8:00 pm: NYC stand-ups do sets “and then have a discussion about what’s going on in the world and the mysteries of life” at The Creek upstairs theatre in Queens’ Long Island City, hosted by Chris Laker: The Show
[TOP PICK] [FREE] Seating at 8:30, show at 9:00 pm (RSVP to confirm your spot at FreeComedyWednesdays@gmail.com): Ted Alexandro (one of the very finest stand-ups in the country; David Letterman, Conan O’Brien, Jimmy Kimmel, two Comedy Central Presents half-hour specials; frequently opens for Louis C.K.), Mike Drucker (hilarious stand-up; staff writer for Jimmy Fallon; freelance writer for SNL, The Onion, McSweeney’s), Joe Zimmerman (The Beards of Comedy), and Zach Sims (moving to LA) performing stand-up at Ella (9 Avenue A) produced by Mark Normand, Matt Ruby, Gary Vider, and Sachi Ezura and hosted tonight by Mark Normand: Hot Soup
[TOP PICK] 9:00 pm ($8 at the door or $10.70 in advance online): Kevin Allison (legendary MTV sketch series The State, HBO, Comedy Central, VH1, host of award-winning storytelling show Risk!), Robert Kelly (Louie, Comedy Central, Opie & Anthony), and Damien Lemon (MTV2’s Guy Code, Comedy Central) performing stand-up, plus both live and taped sketches from Joe Pera, Henry Zebrowski, Jason Saenz, Nick Vatterott, Barry Rothbart, and Travis Irvine, all at Brooklyn’s Union Hall hosted by Nick Turner (Jimmy Fallon, VH1): Nick Turner & Acquaintances
[TOP PICK] 9:00 pm ($5): Superb improvisors—and actual brothers—Will Hines and Kevin Hines make use of their intimate knowledge of each other to gracefully invent scenes (hopefully without any squabbling) at UCB East performing as duo The Brothers Hines
[FREE] 9:00 pm: Gary Vider (hilarious writer & deadpan stand-up; for sample jokes, please click here), JL Cauvin (Craig Ferguson), Danny Kallas, Cory Jarvis, Kris Tinkle, and Brandon Collins performing stand-up at this free weekly comedy show at Lucky Jack’s Bar (129 Orchard Street) produced by Kyle Fincham, Lance Weiss, and Brendon Fitzgibbons: Gandhi, Is That You?
[TOP PICK] 9:30 pm ($5): At UCB Chelsea, four-gal group Georgie Aldaco, Danielle Gibson, Viviana Olen, and Katie Simon perform a series of surreal sketches that are both unsettling and charged with comedic energy. A long bit about a mother threatening to do something surprising to her husband and son is an instant classic (when you see it, you’ll have no doubt what sketch I’m talking about…). The show could be greatly improved with periodic nuanced emotion to create a roller coaster effect—right now the audience is hit with surface shock after shock, which after a while desensitizes and loses impact—but if you’re open to the purity of conceptual comedy that challenges your sanity, you’ll enjoy Former Business Partners: Everything Must Go…
…and in the other half of this sketch double-bill, UCBT star & Chris Gethard Show icon Riley Soloner is a sweet and silly comic almost impossible to not like. His character Vacation Jason is over-the-top ridiculous, which means Riley has to walk a tightrope between getting laughs and creating a reality believable enough to make us care about what’s going on. This first attempt at a sketch show falters on the latter; and I’d encourage Riley to be bolder about doing sharp, smart comedy, even with dumb characters, as he moves forward with his young and promising career. But script aside, there are worse ways to spend 30 minutes then watch Riley on stage while you’re wearing a show-supplied Hawaiian lei of flowers around your neck: Vacation Jason’s Island Flavors
9:30 pm ($5): Each booked performer has 10 minutes to do whatever he or she chooses—stand-up, sketch, improv, music, dance, or something beyond categorization. “It’s simple, it’s fun, and it might get crazy” at The PIT downstairs lounge: Guerrilla Theatre
[TOP PICK] [$] 9:45 pm ($14 plus 2-item food/drink min.): Great lineup of Amy Schumer (one of the very finest stand-ups in the country; star of Comedy Central’s Inside Amy Schumer; Conan O’Brien, Jimmy Fallon, Comedy Central Presents, Last Comic Standing, 30 Rock, great new DVD/CD Amy Schumer: Mostly Sex Stuff), Nick DiPaolo (star stand-up, with numerous appearances on David Letterman, Jay Leno, Louie; Emmy-nominated comedy writer, talk show host), Gary Gulman (David Letterman, Jay Leno, Last Comic Standing, Tourgasm, Comedy Central hour-long special), Lenny Marcus (David Letterman, MTV), and Sherrod Small (writer/performer on TBS’ Are We There Yet?, Comedy Central, VH1) performing stand-up at Comedy Cellar (117 MacDougal Street, between 3rd Street & Minetta Lane) hosted by Mike Yard (Comedy Central, Def Comedy Jam): Amy Schumer, Nick DiPaolo, Gary Gulman, and More
[TOP PICK] 10:00 pm ($5): The instructors of UCB’s classes include some of the finest improvisors in the country. In this new weekly show a bunch of them get on stage at UCB East, along with hosts Betsy Stover and Ari Voukydis: Hot for Teacher: The UCB Faculty Show
[TOP PICK] [FREE] 10:00 pm: Rising stand-up stars—Mark Normand, Jared Logan, Mike Lawrence, Dan. St. Germain, Michael Che, Emily Heller, Jeffrey Joseph, Dan Soder, Barry Rothbart, Calise Hawkins, Joe List, Pat Dixon, and/or Nick Turner—at Queens LIC’s The Creek upstairs theatre: The Regulars
[TOP PICK] [FREE] 11:00 pm: The wonderful Sasheer Zamata (highly charming, innovative rising star; Comedy Central’s Inside Amy Schumer, FX’s Totally Biased; member of red-hot improv troupe Doppelganger, sketch troupe The Prom, and Harold Night troupe Bucky) hosts as many as a dozen guests packed into 75 minutes performing stand-up, improv, sketch, and occasionally acts that defy categorization. The level of talent can vary wildly, but for some (like me), that’s part of the laid-back fun; plus Sasheer is going to be a huge star, so catch her in this intimate setting while you can. (Tonight’s scheduled guests include Jason Saenz and Adam Conover; for the complete lineup, please click here.) Come support the experimentation, and periodic magical surprises, that this uniquely organic rollercoaster of a weekly show at UCB Chelsea makes possible—and don’t forget to toss $1 in the bucket on your way out: School Night
[FREE] 11:00 pm: Open-mic stand-up running until 1:00 am, with time divided evenly between performers (up to five minutes), at The Creek downstairs lounge in Queens’ Long Island City with host Rob Stern: Bucket ‘O Buckets
[FREE] 11:00 pm: Your opportunity to perform on the stage of UCB East with improv veterans, hosted by UCBT Harold Night house troupe Grandma’s Ashes: The Improv Jam
[TOP PICK] [$] 11:30 pm ($10 plus 2-item food/drink min.): Uncensored stand-up from Dave Attell (one of the most respected stand-ups in the biz; star of Showtime’s Dave’s Old Porn and Comedy Central’s Insomniac; HBO, David Letterman, Conan O’Brien, Jay Leno, The Daily Show, Comedy Central Presents), Nikki Glaser (co-star of MTV’s The Nikki and Sara Show; Conan O’Brien, Jay Leno, Last Comic Standing; podcast You Had to Be There), Kurt Metzger (Jimmy Fallon, Comedy Central Presents, Ugly Americans), Big Jay Oakerson (Comedy Central Presents, HBO, Showtime, MTV), and Jesse Joyce (Last Comic Standing, Comedy Central, FOX, AMC) performing at Comedy Cellar (117 MacDougal Street, between 3rd Street & Minetta Lane) hosted by Mike Yard (Comedy Central, Def Comedy Jam): The Nasty Show: Dave Attell, Nikki Glaser, Big Jay Oakerson, Kurt Metzger, and More
From legendary NYC comedy site Brooklyn Vegan: If you want to know what is happening in NYC comedy on a particular day, you gotta get hip to this dude Hy Bender and his site Best New York Comedy. The site is updated daily and features a super exhaustive look at what is happening in the NYC comedy world that particular day. The site is updated religiously…It is your daily comedy itinerary and it scares me how on top of his shit this guy is.
Leave a Comment » | Best New York Live Comedy Shows | Tagged: Born a Crime, Comedy, Improv, Mel Brooks, New York Comedy, Sketch, Stand-Up, Storytelling, Trevor Noah | Permalink
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What We’re Learning
Transforming Health Partnership
Creating Impact Profiles
Learn more about StartStrong
By bi3
bi3 awarded a $3.2 million, three-year grant to a first-ever collaboration between Every Child Succeeds, Cincinnati Children’s and TriHealth to tackle infant mortality rates in Hamilton County – one of America’s highest. The resulting program, StartStrong, developed a unique...
Unprecedented Collaboration Key Factor in Reducing Infant Mortality
New Care Model Shows Success in High-Risk Population Cincinnati, March 26, 2018 — bi3, Bethesda Inc.’s forward-looking grantmaking initiative to transform health, today released a new report from the StartStrong project, an initiative that has proven to reduce preterm...
January 2021 MLK Day Newsletter
Creating Impact: Jenny Skinner, TriHealth
bi3 grants to 37 area nonprofit organizations gain media attention
625 Eden Park Drive, 1st Floor, Cincinnati, OH 45202
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New Release and Giveaway! A DARING ARRANGEMENT by Joanna Shupe (The Four Hundred)
Published by beckymmoe on November 11, 2017
Set in New York City’s Gilded Age, Joanna Shupe’s Avon debut introduces an English beauty with a wicked scheme to win the man she loves—and the American scoundrel who ruins her best laid plans…
A Daring Arrangement
by Joanna Shupe
Series: Four Hundred #1
Genre: Adult Historical Romance
Publisher: Avon Books
Lady Honora Parker must get engaged as soon as possible, and only a particular type of man will do. Nora seeks a mate so abhorrent, so completely unacceptable, that her father will reject the match—leaving her free to marry the artist she loves. Who then is the most appalling man in Manhattan? The wealthy, devilishly handsome financier, Julius Hatcher, of course….
Julius is intrigued by Nora’s ruse and decides to play along. But to Nora’s horror, Julius transforms himself into the perfect fiancé, charming the very people she hoped he would offend. It seems Julius has a secret plan all his own—one that will solve a dark mystery from his past, and perhaps turn him into the kind of man Nora could truly love.
Thirty-Seventh Street and Fifth Avenue
The pressed tin ceiling was about to cave in on their heads.
Lady Honora Parker glanced upward once again, fascinated by what was taking place on the second floor of Sherry’s, one of New York’s most exclusive restaurants. Each raucous thump and horrific crash from above shook the huge gold and crystal chandelier in the main dining room and caused the black-coated waiters to wince. It sounded as if a herd of elephants were up there.
From what Nora had seen and heard of the reckless Americans in the last month, she would not be surprised if it were elephants. Nothing seemed off limits here, no idea too big or too wild. Giant houses, like English country estates, lined Fifth Avenue. Imported marble, bright limestone, and shiny gilding blinded from every street corner. Tall buildings stretched high up into the sky. There was a sense of urgency in New York to buy more, build more, do more. It made her long for the dirty, crowded, yet civilized streets of London.
“Nora, dear,” her aunt’s gentle voice interrupted her thoughts. “Mr. Van Rensselaer asked you a question.”
She turned to the older, heavyset man on her right. Her uncle had arranged the dinner, one of many meetings designed for her to find a “suitable” man. But the idea of marriage to a man old enough to be her father made Nora’s skin crawl. Even her aunt disapproved of Van Rensselaer, saying he was, “a set of heavy eyebrows with a stick up his behind.”
It must be said that Nora adored her aunt.
More importantly, Nora did not desire a suitable American man, not when a perfectly suitable artist awaited her back in London. Her father hadn’t approved of said artist, unfortunately, which is how she now found herself in America, being trotted around New York like a prized thoroughbred up for auction. That’s the earl’s daughter, they whispered behind her back. Here to find a husband.
No, she absolutely would not. Nora had no intention of marrying anyone here. “I apologize,” she replied to the eyebrows. “You were saying?”
“Perfectly understandable.” Mr. Van Rensselaer smiled tolerantly at her, as if Nora were some flighty nitwit incapable of following a conversation. Commence additional skin crawling. “I asked if your ladyship missed London.”
Yes, I miss Robert terribly. Her heart squeezed in a tight grip, an ache settling in her throat. A young painter, Robert Landon had no money or title to speak of, but she didn’t care. He’d been the first person to see Nora for who she truly was, not just her father’s daughter. He was sweet and romantic and all she desired in this world. After they married, they planned to travel across Europe so Robert could hone his craft. She would keep him company and continue to serve as his “muse,” as he often called her.
Her father, the Earl of Stratton, hadn’t approved. He’d been horrified when Robert and Nora were caught together—a scene orchestrated for the earl’s benefit at a dinner party—and from there, things had taken a disastrous turn. Instead of forcing the young lovers to marry, as she’d hoped, her furious father rushed Nora off to his sister in New York. “No one there will have heard of the scandal yet,” he had said. “Your aunt will help you find a proper husband in America. Do not return without one. Now, do not disappoint me, Nora.”
Was that not what she’d been doing her entire life, disappointing him? He’d wanted a boy; she’d been born a girl. She had studied, practiced, and tried to be the perfect daughter, and he’d only ignored her. She’d smiled through her debut, eager to make him proud, and he hadn’t bothered to attend any of the balls or dances.
Attempts at playing the good daughter, the proper society young woman, had gotten her nothing. Worse, they’d resulted in a trip to a strange city to be dangled in front of every fortune hunter and insufferable snob twice her age.
So that proper society young woman was no more. A new Nora had emerged on the cross-Atlantic voyage four weeks ago, one who had decided to take matters into her own hands by concocting an infallible way back to London.
The plan was simple. If her father wanted her to find a husband, she’d find the most outrageous man in New York, a fiancé noteworthy and unsuitable enough to land in the papers. An actor? A politician? She hadn’t quite settled on how to achieve it yet . . . but she would. She had to. The news must become public enough to reach the earl’s ear across the Atlantic, horrifying him enough to summon her home.
To Robert.
Three sets of eyes were staring, so she returned her attention to the conversation at hand. “I do miss it. Certainly not the weather, however.”
Aunt Beatrice, Uncle James, and Mr. Van Rensselaer laughed, and conversation droned on until another loud thump sounded from above. Her uncle’s mouth flattened. “I cannot comprehend why that hullabaloo is permitted to continue.”
Mr. Van Rensselaer wiped his mouth with the linen serviette. “From what I understand, Mr. Hatcher is up in the ballroom. Some sort of exclusive dinner. This is why your country is superior to ours, Lady Nora, because the undesirables here have no idea how to conduct themselves properly.”
By “undesirables,” it was clear he meant men who had earned their wealth, not inherited it as he had. Had he any idea how pompous that made him sound? Though Robert had no money, he was a kind, decent, and loving man with brilliant wit and unshakable morals. That was the perfect man, not one like Mr. Van Rensselaer, who’d visibly sneered at the modest blue silk gown she wore tonight. While it might be conservative compared to the fancier American gowns throughout the dining room, she believed the color showed off her dark chestnut hair and golden-brown eyes.
“Mr. Julius Hatcher?” Aunt Bea asked. “The financier?”
“Indeed. The man’s a scourge on everything decent and upstanding in this city.” Van Rensselaer cut into his asparagus spears. “Do not worry, though. He doesn’t exactly run in the best circles. In fact, he’s tried numerous times to buy his way into polite society over the years, but they won’t have him.”
Though she’d only been in New York a month, Nora had heard of Julius Hatcher. A handsome, brash swell with more money than sense, he threw elaborate parties and associated with a string of high-profile actresses, at least according to the gossip pages. He’d even built a replica of a sixteenth-century French castle on Upper Fifth Avenue—complete with a moat.
Though the newspapers touted his exploits with glee, society thought him outrageous and improper. A society he’d apparently tried to buy his way into—and failed. And here her father had disapproved of Robert when there were scoundrels like Julius Hatcher running amok. However was that possibly fair? It would serve the earl right if she brought Hatcher home for—Her brain froze for an instant, stuck on the delicious idea. Oh, indeed, it would serve the earl right. Her father would never approve of Hatcher as a husband, a scoundrel who would bring shame to the venerable Parker name. Surely that would force her father to see Robert in a more favorable light. It would certainly prove that a hardworking, decent man like Robert was good enough to marry the earl’s only daughter.
Moreover, the second her father caught wind of her connection to Hatcher and the depravity of his reputation, he would undoubtedly bring her home posthaste.
Mr. Hatcher sounded like the answer to her prayers.
Another thud sounded from above. This is my chance. She had to find Hatcher and try to convince him to help her. Right now. Immediately. Before she lost this opportunity. She started to push her chair back and a waiter rushed over to assist her. “If you will excuse me, I am feeling a bit overheated.”
“Shall I come with you?” her aunt asked as the two gentlemen politely rose as well.
“No, please,” she rushed out a little desperately, then tempered her tone. “Enjoy your meal. I’ll put a cool cloth to my neck and return in moments.”
About Joanna Shupe:
Joanna Shupe has always loved history, ever since she saw her first Schoolhouse Rock cartoon. While in college, Joanna read every romance she could get her hands on and soon started crafting her own racy historical novels. In 2013, she won Romance Writers of America’s prestigious Golden Heart® Award for Best Historical. She now lives in New Jersey with her two spirited daughters and dashing husband. To connect with Joanna, visit JoannaShupe.com.
Enter Joanna’s giveaway HERE.
GIVEAWAY TERMS & CONDITIONS: Giveaway open to US shipping addresses only. One winner will receive a paperback copy of A DARING ARRANGEMENT by Joanna Shupe. This giveaway is administered by Pure Textuality PR on behalf of Avon Romance. Giveaway ends 11/14/2017 @ 1159pm EST. Avon Romance will send the winning copy out to the winner directly. Limit one entry per reader and mailing address. Duplicates will be deleted.
This promotion is brought to you by Pure Textuality PR.
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NewsOther
Enzian Brings Back Their Summer Opera and Ballet Series
By Kelly BrownJul 10, 2015, 05:42 am
Year round, Enzian allows Orlando guests and visitors the opportunity to experience independent theater, cult films, and hosts one of the largest film festivals in the country. Earlier this week, Enzian’s annual Opera and Ballet “Big Screen Summer Series” began. Running until September 19th, the series features an extraordinary lineup of performances filmed in high definition and showcased in spectacular digital cinema.
According to Enzian President Henry Maldonado “This series gives you the best seat in the house at some of the world’s greatest venues,in HD with surround sound on the Enzian big screen bring you up close in an intimate and dynamic presentation.” Opera and ballet fans can purchase a season pass to all four performances and receive discounted admission, as well as a complimentary glass of house wine at each show. All performances can also be purchased individually.
Co-Presented by the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, the Opera and Ballet on the Big Screen series will feature the following events:
Saturday, June 20th at 11AM
This musical feast from Berlin’s Staatsoper Unter den Linden stars Anna Netrebko and Plácido Domingo in debut roles at the head of an impressive ensemble directed by Daniel Barenboim. Philipp Stölzl, an internationally acclaimed stage and screen director blends historical and modern elements into a colorful, Alice in Wonderland-inspired production, brilliantly realizing Verdi’s filmic shifts between past and present in surrealistic video projections and a fascinating choreography of scenic lighting. Musical America writes “the aesthetic creates a tone of classic and comic” and Le Monde praises the production’s “glamorous display and virtuosic stylistic mix for this staging with Philipp Stölzl’s signature”. The lavish period costumes by Ursula Kundra and “the expert lighting by Olaf Freese” (Express, UK) make their own contribution to this brilliant staging.
Sung in Italian | 2013 | Directed by Philipp Stölzl | 145 min
THE BARBER OF SEVILLE
Saturday, August 15th at 11AM
Undoubtedly the most famous opera buffa in the history of music and an eternal source of delight, Rossini’s remarkable opera was composed in only a few weeks. Although the premiere, performed on February 10, 1816 in Rome was a resounding flop, the opera was quickly revived on February 22, when “The Barber” received rapturous applause. And indeed, how could Rossini have escaped this initial resistance? He pitted the old world (through Bartolo and his authoritarianism) against the new world; old opera against modern opera. With its incredible verve and youthful cheer, this was the work that built Rossini’s brilliant international reputation. With this new production of the ever-popular masterpiece, Italian stage director Damiano Michieletto makes his Paris Opera debut.
Sung in Italian | 2014 | Directed by Damiano Michieletto | 176 min
Ballet on the Big Screen:
Co-Presented by Orlando Ballet
BALANCHINE | MILLEPIED
Saturday, July 18th at 11AM
Alongside Balanchine’s Palais de Cristal, set to music by Bizet, Benjamin Millepied adapts Ravel’s Daphnis et Chloé. Philippe Jordan will be accompanying the Paris Opera Ballet for the first time. This encounter between two great French composers and two choreographers from the New York City Ballet, its founder George Balanchine and former student Benjamin Millepied, highlights the similarities and dissonances between them. In 1947, George Balanchine paid tribute to the company and to the French tradition with his first production for the Paris Opera Ballet, Le Palais de Cristal, in which he choreographed an early work by Georges Bizet, the Symphony in C. Characterized by its architectural design and sense of dialogue with the music, this ballet is a model of academic virtuosity, to which Christian Lacroix, an artisan of light and color, has brought new shape. Benjamin Millepied’s third creation for the Paris Opera Ballet, in collaboration with the conceptual artist Daniel Buren, revisits the myth of Daphnis and Chloé. In the tradition of Balanchine, Millepied draws his inspiration from the rhythms and colors of Ravel’s “choreographic symphony” for chorus and orchestra. Accompanying the dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet for the first time, Philippe Jordan conducts these masterpieces of French music.
Saturday, September 19th at 11AM
Created in 1832 at the Paris Opera, Philippe Taglioni’s La Sylphide heralded the advent of the romantic ballet. The delicate and ethereal dancer Marie Taglioni played the unattainable, dream-conjured sylph, alongside Joseph Mazilier. In the point shoes and long diaphanous tutus she wore in La Sylphide, the ballerina became an emblematic figure. The libretto by Adolphe Nourrit was inspired by romantic tales recounting the impossible love between a human and a supernatural creature. The tormented young James finds himself torn between the promise of a comfortable life held out by his impending marriage to Effie and the freedom embodied by the Sylphide, that inaccessible ideal who comes to him in his dreams. The work was a critical triumph from the outset, praised in particular by Théophile Gautier, who would later write the libretto for Giselle. This emblematic ballet was lost to the repertoire for over a century. It is now being presented at the Paris Opera in a faithful recreation by Pierre Lacotte, whose immense choreographic culture has enabled him to unravel and recast the spells of the grand French romantic style.
This is one of the many huge events coming to the Enzian this year. Stay tuned for more updates, and be sure to get social with us on Facebook, and follow along with us on Twitter @BehindThrills for the latest updates!
For more information about The Enzian, including tickets, visit the official website by clicking here!
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HomeGovernanceWhen Mayor Sharadamma broke into tears
When Mayor Sharadamma broke into tears
April 3, 2012 Sakuntala Narasimhan
News reports say Bengaluru mayor Sharadamma broke into tears when minister R Ashoka threatened to cut her funds allocation unless she apportioned the amount he wanted, to his loyalists. Sharadamma has refuted this, saying that she "did not cry". The point is not whether she did or didn’t cry, but whether it is acceptable for a minister to dictate that the disbursement of funds should satisfy his loyalists, according to his whims rather than leaving it to the mayor’s discretion.
Minister R Ashoka has always had plenty to do with Bangalore’s politics. Mayor Sharadamma Ramanjaneya seen here in the centre, took charge on April 30, 2011. Her one year term ends soon. File pic: Navya P K.
Politics, clearly, is no longer about serving the public and overseeing the best use of public funds, but about buttering up one’s loyalists and supporters. The "kursi" in the corridors of power, is a means of enrichment, of self and one’s family or cronies, at the expense of the taxpayer, and to hell with scams (one unearthed per day, on average), mounds of uncleared garbage along every road (save the ones around the sacred precincts of the Vidhan Soudha or ministers’ bungalows) broken pavement slabs, rubble blocking public pathways, erratic electric and water supplies, even in middle class wards, as scorching summer heat descends upon a city that used to be considered a salubrious hill station and summer resort, till just two decades ago.
Earlier this week I was in Mumbai, and noticed how the roads were swept clean, all along south Mumbai and along the highway leading from the airport into the city, there were no unsightly rubbish heaps as in namma ooru, and the pavements were ‘walkable’, smooth surfaced and clean. Mumbai too has a large migrant population, lots of poverty, but doesn’t seem to have fallen apart the way namma ooru has. The roads were in better shape, traffic flowed better despite the city’s size and sprawl. it is a question of political will, then, and accountability.
Our city has the dubious distinction of being home to 9,600 beggars (that’s the official count, the actual figure is bound to be much higher) and a minister in the state administration is worried about ensuring that public funds go to his loyalists, rather than according to the mayor’s assessment of the city’s needs. This is the same minister who reportedly has seven gas connections at his residence, when most Bangaloreans are facing an acute problem with delayed cylinder supplies.
The old story was about Nero fiddling when Rome was burning, the modern version in Karnataka is about politicians scrambling for power with unseemly obsession while the metropolis degenerates by the day. In the meantime, perhaps there are other Bangaloreans who are, like me, asking some questions, even if only silently:
A five storey building tilted and caved in near Electronic City on March 13, and had to be demolished. The building "clearly violated the panchayat rule which permits only two floors in the area". The police say the building had "no plan approval by any planning authority". In that case, what were the overseeing officials doing, while the building was being raised? After all, a five storey structure does not come up overnight.
Go to any corporation office, and chances are that you will be told that the official you wish to meet is "out on inspection work". What do they inspect? Does no one check that construction does not violate sanctioned plans? How does a builder get away with such blatant and illegal violation, in full view of the public, when law abiding citizens seeking permissions and sanctions are made to run from pillar to post, even for legally correct plans?
The builder gets penalised (presumably) but what about the sanctioning authority who gets paid for not doing his duty?
In the wake of the fracas between lawyers and media persons earlier in the month, and the expose on porngate by TV representatives, we now have the BBMP reportedly deciding to "keep the media at a distance". Private TV channels are, it is being suggested, to be barred from covering legislature sessions.
In a democracy, MLAs sitting in the legislature hall are representatives of the people. Since the people, you and me, and our friends, cannot all be present to watch the proceedings and deliberations by our elected representatives, the media reports on what transpires. We have a right to know what goes on, who said what, and who did what during sessions, the expenses for which are covered by public monies – from your and my pockets.
If the media exposed politicians watching videos during session time (whether it was porn or ‘films on rape to educate themselves about the issue’, as claimed by the accused) the media did what needs to be done, in terms of vigilance and monitoring of political deliberations.
If adolescent schoolboys flip through risque pictures in magazines hidden under their desks during class, they are punished, even if they claim they were "educating themselves" about life.
Our leaders have always believed in "one law for the people, another for the politicians", whether it is breaking rules, jumping queues, or grabbing facilities out of turn, or sanctioning themselves (or their near and dear ones) land and plum contracts. ⊕
About Sakuntala Narasimhan 73 Articles
Sakuntala Narasimhan is a Jayanagar based writer, musician and consumer activist.
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Using the mycelium-covered cereals as an efficient inoculation method for rapamycin fermentation in a 15-L fermenter using Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Hong-Wei Yen1 &
Meng-Hua Chiang1
Rapamycin is produced from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and was initially identified as an antifungal antibiotic. More recently, rapamycin has been found to have various medical applications, including in relation to immunosuppression and anti-aging. Due to its complex structure, biological production is the major route for commercialized rapamycin production. The conventional fermentation process requires a large seed fermenter for the inoculation process (in general, the volume of the seed fermenter is equal to 5–10 % that of the production fermenter), which presents challenges with regard to scaling up production, due to the high investment costs of seed fermenters. This study explored different inoculation strategies for rapamycin production in a 15-L agitation fermenter.
The results indicated that solid-state fermentation (SSF) using barley as the substrate is a suitable method for the inoculation. The highest rapamycin concentration measured in the batch with SSF (barley) inoculated was about 520 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of 400 mg/L obtained in the batch inoculated with 5 % liquid seed medium. Besides the higher rapamycin production, using SSF of barley as the inoculation method can greatly reduce both the labor and cost requirements.
The usage of mycelium-covered barley as the solid substrate for the inoculation of 15-L fermenter leading to a higher rapamycin production compared to that of conventional liquid seed medium. The solid-state inoculation method can avoid both the intensive labor requirement and costly seed fermenter needed with the latter approach. This inoculation method thus has the potential to be applied to the large-scale production of rapamycin.
Rapamycin was initially identified as having the medical function of an antifungal antibiotic, and was purified from an isolated Streptomyces hygroscopicus from Easter island soil in 1975 (Sehgal et al. 1975). Furthermore, rapamycin has been shown to have various medical applications, such as immunosuppression by inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation (Michaela Kuhnt et al. 1997). Of perhaps more interest is that rapamycin has been suggested to have a potent anti-aging function, by inhibiting mammalian targeting of rapamycin (mTOR). Due to its wide medical applications, the production of rapamycin through the biological process of S. hygroscopicus cultivation has attracted much attention in recent years.
Various fermentation strategies of S. hygroscopicus for the enhancement of rapamycin production have been explored, such as the optimum carbon source (Kojima et al. 1995) and nitrogen source screening (Lee et al. 1997). Besides the study of medium components, the use of a high dissolved oxygen (DO) environment is beneficial to rapamycin production. Nevertheless, the aim of high rapamycin production is to keep the intact pellet form of S. hygroscopicus, even under the high DO conditions. Therefore, the addition of pure oxygen to avoid the high shear force resulting from rapid agitation speed has been carried out, with 780 mg/L of rapamycin being obtained in a 5-L fermentor batch with DO controlled to over 30 % using pure oxygen (Yen and Hsiao 2013). In addition to DO, it has also been suggested that the pH value can alter the related metabolic pathway, thus changing the process of rapamycin production. More recently, a two-stage pH control strategy with no pH control in the first stage and with the pH controlled at 5.5 in the second stage was proposed to enhance rapamycin production (Yen et al. 2013).
Besides the effects of fermentation process parameters on rapamycin production, the morphologies of microorganisms also play a crucial role in the resulting metabolite products (Dobson et al. 2008; Ilić et al. 2008; Treskatis et al. 1997). It is well known that the cultivation conditions, including chemical and physical parameters, would change the morphology of actinomyces, and further affect their antibiotic productivity (Chen et al. 1999; Dobson et al. 2008; El-Sabbagh et al. 2006; Kanda et al. 2010). For example, a relationship between morphology and productivity of antibiotics by Streptomyces has been found, including with regard to the composition, structure, hydrophobicity or charge of the cell wall, as well as the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (Choi et al. 1998; Jonsbu et al. 2002; Pinto et al. 2004; Tamura et al. 1997). The morphology of Streptomyces may vary from a free filamentous suspension to pellets, depending on the degree of aggregation. The entanglement of prolonged filaments leads to the formation of pellets in submerged fermentations as a result of the aggregation of spores and/or hyphae. It was reported that such pellet-formed processes depend strongly on the species and the process conditions employed, and there may be a direct or indirect relationship with regard to the effects of morphology on the formation of metabolite products. Morphological control has been achieved by increasing the inoculum size, changing the initial pH value of the medium, and using additives, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), chelators, Tween-80, or agar granules. For example, a study reported that adding CMC increased the viscosity of the medium and reduced pellet size, thus increasing rapamycin production in the cultivation of S. hygroscopicus (Yen and Li 2014). Similarly, smaller pellets can be beneficial to lovastatin production in the cultivation of Aspergillus terreus (Casas Lopez et al. 2005). The inoculation size can also affect the morphology by providing more growing points, due to the high initial cell density. A paper on the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum found that a large inoculation density led to a small pellet size and high production of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides (Fang et al. 2002). A review of the literature thus suggests that the production of rapamycin by S. hygroscopicus could be enhanced by the use of a more suitable inoculation method.
Moreover, a suitable inoculation method not only can enhance rapamycin production, but also simplify the commercial fermentation process. In a scaled-up fermentation process a high inoculation density means a long inoculation time is required, which increases costs and reduces the economic feasibility of such an approach. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of inoculation strategy on rapamycin production, including the inoculation ratio, amount of spores and type of seeding. The aim is to find a suitable inoculation strategy for rapamycin production in a scaled-up fermentation process that is both efficient and convenient.
Strain and medium
The strain used in the experiment, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, was purchased from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan, under the catalog number BCRC 16270 (the same as ATCC 29253). A spore suspension was used for the inoculation of S. hygroscopicus cultivation in this study. The spore suspension aliquot was prepared according to the following procedure; agar plates with the sporulation medium (4 g/L dextrose, 20 g/L agar, 4 g/L yeast extract and 10 g/L malt extract) were plated out with the prepared spore solution and incubated at 28 °C for 20–25 days. After the black spores were seen to spread on the surface of agar plates, 1 mL of sterilized water was added to the plates to harvest the spore suspension, and preserved in frozen stock (stored in 25 % glycerin at −20 °C). The count of the prepared spore suspension was about 108 spores/mL, as measured in the colony-forming unit.
Inoculation methods
Three inoculation methods were performed in this study, including liquid seed medium inoculation, spore suspension inoculation and mycelium inoculation via solid-state fermentation. Liquid seed medium inoculation was performed using conventional liquid seed medium preparation procedure. A seed culture was initiated by adding l mL of the thawed cell suspension to a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of seed medium (4 g/L dextrose, 4 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L malt extract) at the initial pH 7.3 for 48 h (Yen and Hsiao 2013). A defined inoculation ratio of 2, 5 and 10 % (v/v) of seed medium was then inoculated into a 15-L agitation fermentor. The spore suspension was prepared in the petri-dishes containing the solid seed medium, as described above. After 20–25 days of cultivation, the black spores were observed on the surface of agar plate. Sterile water was used to collect the spores from the surface for the preparation of spore suspension. After the spore suspension was collected, it was inoculated into the 15-L fermentor directly, without the seed medium stage. Two concentrations of spore suspension were examined in this study, 1 × 1010/mL (denoted as the low SS batch) and 2 × 1010/mL (denoted as the high SS batch). The batch with mycelium inoculation of cereals cultured by solid-state fermentation (SSF) was performed as following: a seed culture was initiated by adding l mL of the thawed cell suspension to a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of seed medium (4 g/L dextrose, 4 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L malt extract) (Yen and Hsiao 2013) at the initial pH 7.3 for 48 h. A 1 mL aliquot of the seed culture was then transferred into a solid medium containing 10 g of cereal or bean and 10 mL of water, incubated at 28 °C for 10 days. Eight crops that often be investigated as substrates for solid fermentation, namely barley, buckwheat, brown rice, polished rice, red beans, soybean and green beans (mung bean) were examined in this study (Yang et al. 2013). After 10 days of cultivation, the white mycelium covered the cereals, and the whole 10 g of each crops along with the mycelium was liquefied with some sterile water using a homogenizer. The homogenized mycelium solution (with the cereals or beans) was then inoculated into the 15-L fermentor.
The fermentation in a 15-L agitation fermentor
The steps used to prepare the seed cultivation and medium components were the same as described in the previous section, except for the addition of 0.05 % antifoaming agent in the fermentation medium, which prevented foaming under severe agitation.
A seed medium was prepared and inoculated into a 15-L fermentor containing a 10-L working volume (4 g/L of yeast extract, 10 g/L of malt extract and 25 g/L of glucose). The fermentor was maintained at 28 °C and an aeration rate of 1 vvm was adopted. The DO level was controlled at about 30 % by adjusting the agitation rate automatically. However, the maximum agitation rate was limited to be no higher than 200 rpm to avoid damaging the pellets.
The glucose concentration was estimated using a glucose analysis instrument assay (YSI 2300 STAT Glucose Analyzer). Dry biomass was estimated using the moisture analyzer (IR-35, DENVER) assay; 5 mL of whole broth was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 min to harvest the precipitated biomass. Following this, 1 mL of purified water was added into the tube to complete the aqueous mixing of the biomass. The whole aqueous biomass was transferred onto the IR dryer, and water was evaporated by infrared radiation to estimate the proportion of dry biomass. The measurement of rapamycin titer was performed by the HPLC method. A 1-mL aliquot of fermentation broth was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was carefully transferred by pipette into a test tube, and the precipitate pellet was extracted again by shaking it with 1 mL of methanol for 20 min at room temperature. The extractant was subjected to HPLC analysis (Hitachi), using a Vercopak C18 column under the following conditions: mobile phase:methanol/water/acetic acid, 80/20/0.1; flow rate: 1.2 mL/min; detector: UV 254 nm (this method was suggested by LC Laboratories) (Yen et al. 2013). The standard rapamycin was purchased from LC Laboratories, USA (catalog number 53123-88-9, purity >99 %).
Effects of inoculation ratio of liquid seed in a 15-L agitation fermentor
The morphology of microorganisms is known to be affected by the inoculation ratio, and the morphology can further change the metabolic pathway and the subsequent production of metabolites (Fang et al. 2002). Therefore, the effects of inoculation ratio on rapamycin production were examined in this study. Three ratios of 2, 5 and 10 % (v/v) were used in a 15-L agitation bioreactor for the comparison of rapamycin production, and the results are shown in Fig. 1. No significant differences in the morphology were observed among all batches with different inoculation ratios, as all were in loose pellet form, indicating that the inoculation ratio would not affect cell coagulation in the agitation tank. The size of the loose pellets was about 0.5–1 cm, and they had an irregular appearance. From the previous study, it was known that several fermentation conditions (such as dissolved oxygen level and medium viscosity) would affect the pellet morphology (Yen and Hsiao 2013). Due to the effects of high shear force resulting from the agitation, a lot of mycelium were observed in the broth among all batches with various inoculation ratios. The similar morphology led to the similar biomass that was obtained for all batches. As for the rapamycin production, the batches with 10 and 5 % inoculation ratios had similar rapamycin concentrations, which were higher than that obtained with the 2 % batch. Besides the rapamycin concentration, the batch with a 2 % inoculation ratio had the lowest rapamycin content of 26.7 mg/g, as compared to 51 and 60 mg/g in the batches with 5 and 10 %, respectively. The results thus suggest that the inoculation ratio would not significantly change the morphology, although it did affect the production of rapamycin. An inoculation ratio of at least 5 % is thus suggested to achieve relatively good rapamycin production.
Effects of liquid seed medium inoculation at the ratios of 2, 5 and 10 % (v/v) on rapamycin production in a 15-L fermentor with DO controlled at about 30 % and at 28 °C
Using spore suspension for the inoculation
As noted in the previous discussion, an inoculation ratio of least 5 % is suggested to achieve good rapamycin production. However, a higher inoculation ratio means that a larger seed tank is needed to satisfy the requirement of a 5 % inoculation ratio, and this might present some problems with regard to scaling up the process for industrial fermentation. The performance when directly using prepared spore suspension for the inoculation, instead of liquid seed medium, was thus examined here. The spore suspension was collected from the mycelium-covered agar plate using sterilized water to have the black spores harvested. A spore suspension of 100 ml with spore concentrations of 1 × 1010/mL (low SS) and 2 × 1010/mL (high SS) were thus inoculated into the fermentor in two separate experiments. The results for the low and high SS batches are shown in Fig. 2, and compared to those for the batch with 5 % of liquid seed medium. It can be seen that the batch inoculated with 5 % of liquid seed medium led more rapamycin being produced than when the spore suspensions were used, although the latter produced similar amounts of biomass. In addition to the lower rapamycin production, the batches directly inoculated with spore suspension also had a longer lag phase. The results thus indicated that inoculation using a spore suspension is not a suitable strategy for producing rapamycin on an industrial scale.
Effects of inoculation with 100 mL spore suspension at the concentrations of 1 × 1010/mL (low SS batch) and 2 × 1010/mL (high SS batch) on rapamycin production in a 15-L fermentor with DO controlled at about 30 % and at 28 °C
The inoculation using mycelia-covered cereals
As noted in the previous section, direct inoculation with a spore suspension is not a good method for the large-scale rapamycin production, and thus solid-state fermentation (SSF) of cereals was examined as the inoculation method instead of conventional liquid seed culture. Several cereals and beans were first tested to use as the substrate for the growth of S. hygroscopicus in SSF, namely barley, buckwheat, brown rice, glutinous rice, red bean, soybean and green bean (mung bean). The results in Fig. 3 show that barley is the best substrate for the growth of S. hygroscopicus among all the investigated crops, based on the resulting rapamycin production, while mung bean is the worst. Indeed, none of the bean crops (red, soy and mung beans) were good substrates for the growth of S. hygroscopicus. After 10 days of cultivation, white mycelium was appeared on the surface of all the cereals and beans. However, the mycelium covered the entire surface of the batch using barley as the substrate, and this also had the highest rapamycin production per kg of crop used. It is thus recommended that barley could be used as the substrate for this submerged fermentation process. The differences in the protein or carbohydrate contents or the C/N ratios of the various substrates might be speculated as the reason leading to the increase of rapamycin using barley (Yang et al. 2013). In addition to the potential nutrients effects, the physical properties, particularly the smaller particle size of barley make it have the more availability of the nutrients, which could also be the reason leading to the superiority of the barley over the other solid substrates on rapamycin production (Yang et al. 2013). However, further works might be needed to elucidate the reasons in detail.
Rapamycin production using solid-state fermentation (SSF) and various crops at 10 g each with 10 mL of water, 10 days of cultivation at 28 °C
When using mycelium-covered barley as the inoculation method, the whole barley solids were first homogenized with sterilized water to obtain a homogenous solution, and then inoculated into a 15-L agitation fermentor. Figure 4 shows the results obtained with the barley-inoculated batch as compared to the conventional inoculation approach with 5 % liquid seed medium. These show that the production of rapamycin in the batch inoculated with barley had a longer lag phase than that inoculated with the 5 % liquid seed medium. Nevertheless, the final rapamycin concentration of the barely inoculated batch was higher than that obtained with the conventional 5 % liquid seed medium. Since the solid barley substrate was inoculated, the biomass measurements were not very precise at the beginning of the fermentation process, and thus a higher biomass was observed. Nevertheless, the results suggest that inoculation with mycelium-covered barley cultured by SSF could have a relatively higher cell growth rate than seen with the control batch inoculated with 5 % liquid medium, as well as a higher rapamycin production. The highest rapamycin concentration that was measured in the batch with inoculated with barley was about 520 mg/L, significantly higher than that of 400 mg/L obtained in the batch inoculated with 5 % liquid seed medium. In addition to the higher rapamycin production, the preparation of mycelium-covered barley solids would avoid the need for a larger seed fermentor when scaling up rapamycin production, even though the solid-state cultivation of S. hygroscopicus required a longer period (10 days in this study) as compared to the 1–2 days required with submerged seed cultivation. The ease of preparation, lower cost process and no need for a large seed fermentor thus make solid-state fermentation very attractive as the inoculation method when compared to the conventional liquid medium approach.
Effects of inoculation with mycelia-covered barley through SSF cultivation on rapamycin production in a 15-L fermentor as compared to the conventional liquid seed medium inoculated at 5 % of ratio
A comparison of several parameters among various inoculation criteria is shown in Table 1 with regard to the liquid seed medium, spore suspension and mycelium-covered barley approaches. It can be seen that the batch with mycelium-covered barley had the highest rapamycin production of 520 mg/L, and a relatively high rapamycin productivity of 3.6 mg/L h. Even though conventional liquid seed inoculation at 10 % had a slightly higher rapamycin productivity of 3.7 mg/L h, a larger seed tank required at a higher inoculation ratio would cause problems with regard to commercial production, due to the greater capital requirement for a more costly fermentor. Therefore, the use of solid barley cultured in SSF for inoculation is more appropriate than that of the conventional liquid seed medium, as it can greatly reduce the cost of this process, and thus make it more economically viable.
Table 1 The comparison of rapamycin production parameters between batches with various inoculation criteria into a 15-L fermenter: liquid seed medium at the ratios of 2, 5 and 10 % (v/v), spore suspension at low and high spore concentrations and mycelium-covered barley inoculated
The most important thing for an ideal inoculation method is trying to avoid the use of costly seed fermentor in the commercialized rapamycin production. The results indicated that solid-state fermentation (SSF) using barley as the substrate is a suitable method for inoculation. This led to higher rapamycin production compared to that seen with 5 % liquid seed medium, and avoided both the intensive labor requirement and costly seed fermentor needed with the latter approach. The comparison of kinetic parameters obtained in the batch using barley as the seed inoculation with data in literature is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 A comparison of rapamycin production by using SSF inoculation with other conventional liquid seed fermentations
This study explored different inoculation strategies for rapamycin production in a 15-L agitation fermenter, to reduce the scale-up production costs resulting from the conventional expensive inoculation method. The results indicated that solid-state fermentation (SSF) using barley as the substrate is a suitable method for inoculation. This led to higher rapamycin production compared to that seen with 5 % liquid seed medium, and avoided both the intensive labor requirement and costly seed fermenter needed with the latter approach. This inoculation method thus has the potential to be applied to the large-scale production of rapamycin.
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MH carried out the most experiments and analysis. HW conceived of the study, participated in the experimental design and also be responsible for the preparation of this manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support this study received from Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) under Grant Number 103-2623-E-029-001-ET and 102-2221-E-029-017-MY2.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
Hong-Wei Yen & Meng-Hua Chiang
Hong-Wei Yen
Meng-Hua Chiang
Correspondence to Hong-Wei Yen.
Yen, HW., Chiang, MH. Using the mycelium-covered cereals as an efficient inoculation method for rapamycin fermentation in a 15-L fermenter using Streptomyces hygroscopicus . Bioresour. Bioprocess. 2, 43 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-015-0071-7
Solid-state fermentation
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Biosynthesis of nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles
Cheah Liang Keat1,
Azila Aziz1,
Ahmad M Eid1,3 &
Nagib A. Elmarzugi ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-80281,2
In this century, the development of nanotechnology is projected to be the establishment of a technological evolutionary of this modern era. Recently, nanotechnology is one of the most active subjects of substantial research in modern material sciences and hence metal nanoparticles have a great scientific interest because of their unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties with applications in diverse areas such as electronics, catalysis, drug delivery, or sensing. Nanotechnology provides an understanding on fundamental properties of objects at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels. Besides, nanotechnology also leads an alternative technological pathway for the exploration and revolution of biological entities, whereas biology provides role models and biosynthetic constituents to nanotechnology. The findings of this review are important to provide an alternative for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It showed more cost-effective and environmental friendly application as well as easier for large production, with relation to the properties of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, can be served well as an alternative antiseptic agent in various fields. Typically, silver nanoparticles are smaller than 100 nm and consist of about 20–15,000 silver atoms. Due to the attractive physical and chemical properties of silver at the nanoscale, the development of silver nanoparticles is expanding in recent years and is nowadays significant for consumer and medical products.
In recent years, nanotechnology is an escalating field of modern research (Edhaya Naveena and Prakash 2013) involving in synthesis design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale (Madhuri et al. 2012). Nanotechnology also involves synthesis of nanoparticles of size ranging from 1 to 100 nm (EU 2011; Adlakha-Hutcheon et al. 2009). Moreover, there is a new branch of nanotechnology existing, which is bio-nanotechnology that integrates principles of biology with physical and chemical procedures to generate nano-sized particles with specific functions (Kathiresan et al. 2009; Qi and Wang 2004; Roduner 2006). The bio-based protocols for synthesis of nano-metals are both environmentally and economically green as they are based on green chemistry principles and are simple, relatively inexpensive, and easily scaled up for larger scale production (Mohanpuria et al. 2008; Iravani 2011; Prabhu and Poulose 2012). However, the chemical methods available are often expensive, utilize lethal chemicals, and are comparatively complex. Hence, biosynthesis of nanoparticles using biological agents such as microbes or plant extracts has gained much attention in the area of nanotechnology in last few decades (Malik et al. 2014). Generally, there are three main steps involved in green synthesis method, i.e., reaction medium selection, biological reducing agent selection, and selection of non-carcinogenic substances for stability of nanoparticles (El-Shishtawy et al. 2011). Yet, plant-mediated preparation of nanoparticles can be advantageous over other bio-based synthesis because the procedure of maintaining cell cultures can be omitted and it is also suitable for large scale production under non-aseptic environments (Makarov et al. 2014).
Silver nanoparticles are well-known antimicrobial agents in surgically implanted catheters in order to reduce the infections caused during surgery (Oei et al. 2012) and are proposed to possess anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-permeability activities. Silver is also one of the main components in the various creams for healing wounds (Saikia et al. 2015). However, silver nanoparticles are now being introduced as an alternative antibacterial agent replacing silver ions. Both silver ions and silver nanoparticles have inhibitory and lethal effects on bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and even yeast. But, the formation of complexes for silver ions is limited and the effect of the silver ions somehow remains only for a short period (Méndez-Vilas 2011). Yet, this drawback has been resolved by the application of the intact silver nanoparticles which have greater antibacterial properties by promoting the synthesis of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (Mohammed 2015). In addition to antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles, a complete disruption of the bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli cells was observed after few minutes in contact with silver nanoparticles under TEM analysis (Raffin et al. 2008). The high efficiency of silver nanoparticles is mainly due to the availability of larger surface area to volume ratio for interactions, easing the penetration and disruption of nanoparticles into the bacterial cells, as compared to micro-sized silver ions (Durán et al. 2010).
Preparation of Nanoparticles
Generally, nanomaterials can be fabricated through two main methods, i.e., “top-down” and “bottom-up” (Fig. 1) approaches (Forough and Farhadi 2010). The top–down approach basically works with the material in its bulk form, and the size reduction to the nanoscale is then achieved by specialized ablations, e.g., lithography, thermal decomposition, laser ablation, mechanical milling, etching, and sputtering (Abou El-Nour et al. 2010). Alternatively, the “bottom-up” approach is more preferable for the preparation of nanoparticles, where involving a homogeneous system wherein catalysts (e.g., reducing agent and enzymes) synthesize nanostructures that are controlled by catalyst properties, reaction media, and conditions (e.g., solvents, stabilizers, and temperature). For instance, chemical reduction method is the most common synthetic pathway for metal nanoparticles synthesis (Pal et al. 2011). In the case of silver nanoparticles, the chemical reduction method is carried out based on the reduction of aqueous silver nitrate in an appropriate operating medium using chemical reductants such as sodium citrate or branched polyethylenimine. In this way, negatively charged silver nanoparticles can be obtained from the process using sodium citrate acting as reductant, while positively charged silver nanoparticles can be synthesized from the reaction with branched polyethylenimine as reductant (Moghaddam 2010). Thus, the physiochemical properties, surface, and morphological characteristics of nanoparticles can possibly be controlled depending on the subsequent application through variation in precursor concentrations and reaction conditions (Mason et al. 2012).
General types of synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Green synthesis of nanoparticles
There are a variety of chemical and physical preparation methods available for the fabrication of nanoparticles including radiation, chemical precipitation, photochemical methods, electrochemical, and Langmuir–Blodgett techniques, but these methods are often extremely expensive and non-environmental friendly due to the use of toxic, combustible, and hazardous chemicals, which may pose potential environmental and biological risk and high energy requirement (Awwad et al. 2013). The drawbacks of low production rate, structural particle deformation, and inhibition of particle growth are also encountered in these nanoparticles synthesis. Currently, there is a growing need to develop sustainable preparation of nanoparticles that get rid of using harmful organic chemical substances, since noble nanoparticles are widely applied to areas of human contact (Shams et al. 2013). To achieve the principle of green chemistry process, it leads to in search of green synthesis of nanoparticles which can be done by five methods as below:
Polysaccharide method
By using polysaccharide method, metal nanoparticles are synthesized by using water and polysaccharides acting as a reducing agent, a stabilizing agent, or both reducing and stabilizing agents. For example, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles can be performed by using starch as a protective agent and β-d-glucose as a reductant in a mild-heating system. In this way, the attraction between starch and silver nanoparticles is weak and reversible at higher temperatures, facilitating the separation of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (Mochochoko et al. 2013).
Tollens method
The Tollens method is carried out in a one-step process. In this approach, the reduction of Ag+ ions is done by saccharides in the presence of ammonia, yielding silver nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes of 50–200 nm (Korbekandi and Iravani 2012). Ag(NH3) +2 is a stable complex ion resulting from strong affinity of ammonia for Ag+ ions, so the concentration of ammonia and nature of the reducing agents play a principal role in formulating the AgNP size (Dondi et al. 2012).
Irradiation method
Metal nanoparticles can be prepared by using various irradiation methods at room temperature without the use of reducing agent. Hence, temperature-dependent capping agents can also be used in the irradiation method. For instance, silver nanoparticles with a distinct shape and size distribution can be obtained from laser irradiation of an aqueous solution of silver salt and surfactant (Van Phu et al. 2014). Moreover, the morphology of metallic nanoparticles can be controlled by manipulating the radiation dose and dose rate (Abedini et al. 2013).
Biological method
Through biological method, extracts from biological agents such as microbes and plants can be employed either as reducing or protective agent for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles. In these extracts, various combinations of biomolecules which have the reducing potential can be found such as amino acids, vitamins, proteins, enzymes, and polysaccharides that are environmentally benign, yet chemically complex (Moghaddam 2010). For instance, the unicellular green algae Chlorella vulgaris extract was utilized to synthesize single-crystalline silver nano-plates at room temperature. Proteins in the extract were suggested to perform dual function of Ag+ reduction and shape-control in the synthesis (Annamalai and Nallamuthu 2015).
Polyoxometalates method
Polyoxometalates are a vast family of molecular metal-oxide clusters with greater extent of structures. Meanwhile, their reduced forms possess greater capability of electron and proton transfer and/or storage abilities, and thus it can be employed to act as efficient donors or acceptors of several electrons without structural change. Hence, soluble polyoxometalates are capable of synthesizing noble nanoparticles through stepwise, multi-electron redox reactions inertly (Cauerhff and Castro 2013). For examples, a silver salt, Ag2SO4, and polyoxometalates (NH4)10[MoV)4(MoVI)2O14 (O3PCH2PO3)2(HO3PCH2PO3)2]-15 H2O and H7[β-P(MoVI)4(MoVI)8O40] reacted to fabricate spherical and quasi-monodispersed silver nanoparticles with a diameter of about 38 nm after several minutes (Sharma et al. 2009).
In recent years, biological methods employing microbial organisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeast, viruses, and also plants or plant extracts have gained considerable attention as an alternative to chemical and physical methods in the field of bio-nanotechnology (Khadri et al. 2013). As such, one of the fundamental processes in biosynthesis of nanoparticles involves bio-reduction. Many biological organisms, both unicellular and multicultural, have the ability to produce inorganic materials either intra- or extra- cellular, often of nanoscale dimensions and of exquisite morphology and hierarchical assembly (Pantidos and Horsfall 2014).
Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles
Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticle is considered a widely acceptable technology for rapid production of metallic nanoparticles for successfully meeting the excessive need and current market demand and resulting in a reduction in the employment or generation of hazardous substances to public health. Similar to microbes which have been used as a “bio-factory” in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, plants are also the natural “chemical factories” which are economical and require minimal maintenance (Nyoman Rupiasih et al. 2013).
Plants have several cellular structures and physiological processes to combat the toxicity of metals and maintain homeostasis. They also possess dynamic solutions to detoxify metals and hence scientists have now turned into phytoremediation (Abboud et al. 2013). The modus operandi of detoxification includes immobilization, exclusion, chelation, and compartmentalization of the metals ions, and the expression of more general stress response mechanisms, such as ethylene and stress proteins (Sánchez et al. 2011). The ability to tolerate inimical concentrations of toxic metals is found in the plant kingdom from ages. Their ability to accumulate high concentrations of metals was observed for both essential nutrients, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium, as well as non-essential metals, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), and arsenic (As) (Sahayaraj et al. 2012). In plants or plant-derived materials, a wide range of metabolites with redox potentials is determined, which are playing a principal role as a reducing agent in the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles. In comparison to the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles, highly stable nanoparticles are synthesized by plant or plant extracts with the higher rate of production. Consequently, the advantages of plant-mediated preparation of metal nanoparticles lead researchers to in search of further exploration of the bio-reduction mechanism of metal ions by plants and the possible mechanism of formation of metal nanoparticle in and by the plants (Ahmad and Sharma 2012).
In recent years, biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, especially silver and gold nanoparticles, using plant extracts as nano-factories becomes an important subject of researches in the field of bio-nanotechnology (Iravani 2011). Based on all aforementioned information, a schematic diagram of a proposed mechanism for plant-mediated fabrication of metal nanoparticles is illustrated in Fig. 2. Generally, the bio-reduction mechanism of metal nanoparticle in plants and plant extracts includes three main phases (Makarov et al. 2014). The activation phase in which the reduction of metal ions and nucleation of the reduced metal atoms occur. The growth phase, referring to the spontaneous coalescence of the small adjacent nanoparticles into particles of a larger size, accompanied by an increase in the thermodynamic stability of nanoparticles, or a process referred to as Ostwald ripening and the termination phase in which the final shape of the nanoparticles formed.
Schematic representation of a proposed mechanism of plant-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Advantages of plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles
Due to their easy availability, green preparation of nanoparticles using plant extracts turns out to be an important research subject in the field of bio-nanotechnology in this era. Principally, the biogenic synthesis employs plant extracts in aqueous form in the fabrication of noble nanoparticles for the reason that the availability of reducing agent is higher in the extract than the whole plant (Huang et al. 2007). Besides, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is simpler and easier to be conducted without requiring any specific operating conditions as compared to typical physical and chemical methods. The synthesized products of the process including waste products are resulted from natural plant extracts, and hence this technique is also more environmental green. Nevertheless, both strong and weak chemical reducing agents and capping agents such as sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, and alcohols, which are mostly toxic, flammable, and cannot be degraded easily are required in the physical and chemical methods (Lalitha et al. 2013).
Through this bio-based protocol of nanoparticles synthesis, higher reproducibility of the process and higher stability of the synthesized nanoparticles can be attained. Therefore, this green-based fabrication of nanoparticles is suitable for large scale production with more effective cost investment, eco-friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Apart from the aspects of reproducibility and stability, the rate of bio-reduction of metal ions using biological agents is showed to be much faster and also at ambient temperature and pressure conditions (Pasupuleti et al. 2013). On the contrary, previous studies reported that the bio-reduction potential of the plant extracts is comparatively higher than the microbial culture (Khalil et al. 2014). Moreover, the waste products resulted from the microbial-based method is likely to be more harmful to the environment depending on the type of microbes involved in the synthesis (Moghaddam 2010). Hence, plant-mediated synthesis brings less or almost zero contamination and so reducing the impact on the environment. With all the aforementioned advantages and outstanding features over other methods, the biosynthetic method employing plant extracts has now turned as a simple, effective and viable technique as well as a good alternative to conventional chemical and physical nanoparticle preparation methods, and even microbial methods (Huang et al. 2007).
Silver nanoparticles
Silver is a gleaming, very ductile, and malleable element but slightly harder than gold, with a symbol of Ag and atomic number of 47. It is one of the basic elements that make up our planet. In nature, it exists as a native element, as an alloy combining with other metals (e.g., gold) and as minerals (e.g., chlorargyrite and argentite). Chemically, silver possess four different oxidation states, i.e., Ag0, Ag1+, Ag2+, and Ag3+ (Riedel and Kaupp 2009). However, it is a chemically inactive element, but it can be reacted with nitric acid or hot concentrated sulfuric acid, forming soluble silver salts. It also possesses an excellent conductivity of heat and electricity, yet its applications in electrical industry have greatly been limited due to its greater cost (Wang et al. 2013). As for metallic silver form, it is insoluble in water, but its metallic salts such as silver nitrate, AgNO3, and silver chloride, AgCl, are water-soluble. Over past decades, metallic silver is widely applied in surgical prosthesis and splints, coinage, and fungicides (Forough and Farhadi 2010). In contrast, its metallic salts have also been made use of treating various health illness and disorders, e.g., epilepsy, gonorrhea, and gastroenteritis. Due to its good absorptivity, soluble silver compounds have the risk of causing adverse effects on health through dietary intake. Nevertheless, Chen and Schluesener (2008) described that silver is relatively non-toxic and non-carcinogenic to human primary body systems such as nervous, immune, reproductive, or cardiovascular system. Therefore, the demand of silver has been escalating in recent years, exclusively in medical, plastics, and textiles industries.
Since silver is non-toxic to animal cells, it has been considered as a safe and effective anti-bactericidal metal, especially it is highly toxic to bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (El-Kheshen and El-Rab 2012). Hence, silver-based compounds have received much attention as an antimicrobial agent for centuries to prevent bacterial growth in applications such as burn care (Pasupuleti et al. 2013). In recent years, due to the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance that is caused by the abuse of antibiotics, it has been a driving force leading to in search for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Table 1).
Table 1 Uses of various biological entities in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles during the period of 2009–2015
Antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles
The exact mechanism of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles on microbes is yet to be evaluated, but it can be linked to the mechanism of Ag+ ions action against bacteria stains such as trypanosomes and yeasts, whereby the occurrence of buildup of AgNPs from the aqueous solution eventually causes saturation of enzymes and protein in the cell. Instead, there are three possible antibacterial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles that have been proposed by Li and coworkers (Li et al. 2008):
Bacterial growth and proliferation are adversely inhibited by the adhesion of ultra-small sized silver nanoparticles onto the cell wall of bacteria, resulting in changes in the cell wall which in turn is unable to protect the interior of the cell;
Through the penetration of silver nanoparticles into the bacterial cell, it leads to DNA damage, or even cell death, by altering its normal functioning of bacterial DNA; and
The interaction of Ag+ ions with the proteins containing sulfur present in the bacterial cell wall irreversibly caused the disruption of the bacterial cell wall. This proposed mechanism is also deduced as the main antibacterial mechanism in evaluating the antimicrobial activity.
The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles depends on various parameters including size, shape, and the surface charge of the particles. In this respect, nanoparticles have greater antibacterial properties as they can easily penetrate into the nuclear content of bacteria due to their structure of the bacterial cell wall, especially in gram-negative bacteria, inactivating DNA and the enzymes leading to cellular death. They can also possess a greater surface area for stronger bactericidal interactions (Pal et al. 2007). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles also depends on the morphology of the nanoparticles. Pal et al. (2007) reported that silver nanoparticles with the same surface areas but with different shapes can exhibit dissimilar antibacterial activity which might be due to the difference in their effective surface areas and number of active facets. Truncated triangular silver nano-plates that were found to display the strongest antibacterial activity could be due to their larger surface area to volume ratios and their crystallographic surface structures. In addition, the electrostatic attraction between positively charged nanoparticles and negatively charged bacterial cells is another important factor contributing to the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. In gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Vibrio, its cell wall consists of a layer of lipopolysaccharide at the external surface followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan. As comparison, the cell wall in gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, is mainly composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan (Morones et al. 2005). Although gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have differences in their membrane structures, most of them possess a negative charge on their surfaces. Hence, silver nanoparticles exhibit greater antimicrobial effect against gram-negative bacteria regardless of their resistance level as compared to gram-positive bacteria (Abbaszadegan et al. 2015).
Application of silver nanoparticles
Silver nanoparticles are of particular interest in the modern research of nanotechnology due to its unique properties, which can be incorporated into a wide range of extensive applications such as antiseptic agents in medical industry, cosmetics, food packaging, bioengineering, electrochemistry, catalysis, and environmental uses. As compared to their bulk materials, noble nanoparticles exhibit different catalytic activities, and therefore nano-catalysis recently has gained much attention in such a way of using nanoparticles as catalysts in various types of processes. For instance, gold, silver, platinum, and metal ions are well-known catalysts in the process of decomposition of H2O2 to oxygen (Merga et al. 2007). In the study of Guo et al. (2008), catalytic potential of silver nanoparticles was observed to be better than that of gold and platinum nanoparticles in the emission system of chemiluminescence from luminol–H2O2. Moreover, catalysis of the reduction of dyes by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) can be enhanced by using silver nanoparticles immobilized on silica spheres. In the absence of silver nanoparticles as catalysts, the rate of reaction was almost stationary showing very little or even no reduction of the dyes occurred (Guo et al. 2008) (Fig. 3).
Applications of silver nanoparticles
Due to the significant antimicrobial properties of AgNPs against wide ranging microorganisms, numerous medical applications impregnated with AgNPs such as catheters and cardiovascular and bone implants have been recognized for hindering the formation of biofilm and lowering the risk of pathogenic invasion (Tran et al. 2013). Typically, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene has been widely used as an insert for artificial joint replacement, but its application is somehow limited due to its high susceptibility to wear and tear (Morley et al. 2007). Yet, the drawback of wear and tear of the polymer is significantly abridged by the addition of silver nanoparticles. In addition, with the excellent antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles, it is also loaded with polymethyl methacrylate broadly as bone cements that are broadly used as synthetic joint replacement (Alt et al. 2004). In 2010, Xing et al. deduced that (poly-(-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV nanofiber scaffolds containing AgNPs have the tendency of aiding in bone and skin tissue regeneration from their extensive study on both osteoblast (bone cells) and fibroblast (skin cells) cultured on such scaffolds. Hence, the risk associated with implantation surgery can be overcome by fabricating the surface of structure of the bone implants devices and scaffolds with silver nanoparticles (Xing et al. 2010).
Furthermore, silver nanoparticles are also applied in nano-crystalline dressings for the therapy of wound or hospital-acquired infections, minimizing the inflammatory response (Fong and Wood 2006). For instance, the classical surgical meshes are used to bridge severe wounds and for tissue therapy, but it is highly vulnerable to pathogenic invasions. Thus, the effectiveness of these meshes is enhanced with the impregnation with silver nanoparticles. With the plasmonic properties of silver nanoparticles, it can be widely applied in bio-imaging for monitoring dynamic events over an extended period of time without undergoing photo-bleaching as compared to common fluorescent dyes. Therefore, the conjugation of cells to the target cells leads to the conversion of light energy to thermal energy and then resulted in thermal ablation of the target cells, aiding in destroying unwanted or damaged cells (Loo et al. 2005). In addition, the plasmonic properties of silver nanoparticles can be exploited for bio-sensing, which can effectively detect wide ranging of proteins that typical biosensors do not. With this unique capability, silver nanoparticles are broadly employed for detecting various abnormalities and diseases in human body system, e.g., tumor cells or cancer. The plasmonic properties of silver nanoparticles are somehow dependent on its size, shape, and the dielectric potential of surrounding medium (Morley et al. 2007).
In recent years, silver nanoparticles are widely applied in chemical industry as an additive to cosmetics, because silver nanoparticles satisfy the requirements of excellent antiseptic properties, as a safe preservative additive, and also as a constituent for the skin therapy, e.g., treatment of acne (Kokura et al. 2010). In addition to the applications of silver nanoparticles in medical and environmental protection field, silver nanoparticle-coated paper could also serve a critical role in food preservation in which provides a reservoir for slow releasing of ionic silver from the surface to the bulk to prevent microbial growth in the food as well as to prevent growth of pathogens on the surface itself (Gottesman et al. 2011). Owing to the excellent antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles, developing antibacterial coatings on surfaces has drawn much interest for human health and environmental protection in the paint coating industry. In 2008, John et al. demonstrated green synthesis techniques of metallic nanoparticle-embedded paints using common household paint in a single step. Through the naturally occurring oxidative drying process in oils that involves free-radical exchange, reduction of metal salts and dispersion of metal nanoparticles in the oil media were successfully done without the use of any external chemical reducing or stabilizing agents. The resulting well-dispersed metal nanoparticles in oil dispersions can then be directly used on different surfaces such as wood, glass, steel, and different polymer surfaces, and also exhibit excellent bactericidal properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially silver nanoparticle-embedded paints (Kumar et al. 2008).
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles
Generally, silver nanoparticles can be considered as an ideal candidate for numerous applications in various fields, especially in biomedical industry as in diagnosis, drug delivery, cell imaging, and implantation, even so several studies reported that silver nanoparticles possess an adverse effect on humans as well as the environment. In one of the toxicology researches of silver nanoparticles, in vitro toxicity assay in rat liver cells has conducted and demonstrated that silver nanoparticles caused oxidative stress and cease of mitochondrial function even at low level of exposure to silver nanoparticles (10–50 μg ml−1). Yet, at higher doses (>1.0 mg L−1), AgNPs exhibited a significant cytotoxicity and caused abnormal cellular morphology, cellular shrinkage, and acquisition of an irregular shape (McAuliffe and Perry 2007). Besides, silver nanoparticles can also induce toxicity to in vitro mouse germ line stem cells by impairing mitochondrial activities and cause leakage through the cell membranes by changing its permeability to sodium and potassium ions. Therefore, the cytotoxic mechanism of AgNPs is predominantly based on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Specifically, exposure to silver nanoparticles triggers depletion in glutathione level, elevation of ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and increased expression of ROS responsive genes, leading to DNA damage, apoptosis, and necrosis (Haider and Kang 2015).
As a result of large surface area to volume ratio, human bodies are vulnerably exposed to silver nanoparticles via ingestion, inhalation, or skin, and its penetrating potential is greatly increased, and hence it has the capability of penetrating into the circulatory system and even translocating boundlessly in the human body system (Sung et al. 2008). Hence, previous research elaborated that silver nanoparticles can allegedly induce toxicity to the male reproductive system by crossing through blood-testes barrier and depositing in the testes. Moreover, silver nanoparticles can induce adversely toxic effect on the proliferation and cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (McAuliffe and Perry 2007). Alternatively, Kim et al. evaluated that silver nanoparticles do not induce genetic toxicity in male and female Sprague–Dawley rat bone marrow in vivo in his gastrointestinal toxicology study. In his experiment, there were no significant changes in body weight of male and female rats relative to the doses of AgNPs (size of 60 nm) over a period of 28 days. However, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol values were found to be altered with the exposure to over more than 300 mg of AgNPs, resulting in minor liver damage (Kim et al. 2008).
Though aforementioned studies tend to suggest that silver nanoparticles can adversely induce toxicity to living beings, relatively less in vivo toxicology researches of silver nanoparticles were established which are drastically different from in vitro condition. Thus, further investigation is required to assess the toxicity effect of silver nanoparticles in in vivo condition for evaluating its exact toxicity to human and animals.
Chemical and physical syntheses of nanoparticles are unable to be expanded easily to large scale production due to several drawbacks such as the presence of toxic organic solvents, production of hazardous by-products and intermediate compounds, and high energy consumption. This could lead to an increase in the particle reactivity and toxicity, which might harm human health and environment due to the composition ambiguity and lack of predictability. Therefore, this leads to biological methods which could be more eco-friendly and does not cause any harm to human and domestic animals health.
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NAE was responsible for the manuscript approval and final approval. AME was responsible for manuscript writing; AA and CLK were responsible for manuscript drafting. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors of this manuscript do not have any financial competing interests to declare.
Research and Innovation Department, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Cheah Liang Keat, Azila Aziz, Ahmad M Eid & Nagib A. Elmarzugi
Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University and BioNano Integration Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, LARST, Tripoli, Libya
Nagib A. Elmarzugi
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ahmad M Eid
Cheah Liang Keat
Azila Aziz
Correspondence to Nagib A. Elmarzugi.
Keat, C.L., Aziz, A., Eid, A.M. et al. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 2, 47 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-015-0076-2
Bio-nanotechnology
Plant-mediated synthesis
Antimicrobial agent
Biosynthesis
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Bitcoin Forum > Other > Meta > Legendary profiles of bitcointalk.
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Author Topic: Legendary profiles of bitcointalk. (Read 22526 times)
Ariem
Legendary profiles of bitcointalk.
Last edit: October 11, 2018, 02:18:36 PM by Ariem
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I have been on the forum relatively for a long time, for almost one year already, the pioneers have experienced many events with him, for many this forum helped to change their lives radically, certainly, he is unique and like him can not exist..
As a beginner, I sometimes find in him artifacts of the past days, and I feel at the same time as an archaeologist, who just saw the Egyptian pyramid in the first. I decided to share this with you:
And so, exhibit number 1,
Satoshi Nakamoto's bitcointalk profile,
it was hard for me to imagine that before he became anonymous, he was at this forum and communicated with people as a mere mortal. You can even read the history of his messages, the last time he was at the forum in December 2010.
Exhibit#2
this is not a profile, but the topic on the forum, if you were interested in where the expression HODL came from, then here is the source ,
the usual situation, a man touched whiskey and made a typo in the word, in the post he very convincingly explains the advantages of HOLDING before daily trading.
pirateat40
as it is known Satoshi has one million bitcoins in his wallet, which still was not moving, but there is one forum member who had 500,000 bitcoins, it's "pirateat40", but this money was not his, as far as I know he organized Ponzi scheme, collected bitcoins, and then safely disappeared, he left only his profile,
At that time, these bitcoins evaluation was about $ 5 million, the SEC (The U.S Securities and Exchange Commission) was looking for it but to no avail, the bitcoins were missed through the mixer sites. By the way, "A Pirate Looks At Forty" is a song performed by Jimmy Buffett.
As I found out later this guy was caught after all, his name was Trendon Shavers, he was sentenced to one-and-a-half years in prison. Now he supports himself as a cook. Prosecutors said from 2011 to 2012, Shavers, raised at least 764,000 bitcoins, which at the time were worth more than $4.5 million.
Exhibit # 4,
Hal Finney’s post.
Here is another interesting post which was made by Hal Finney, where he tells his story, this man was among of the first who started to support bitcoin's network, most likely second after Satoshi, as he claims started doing it from the 70th block, often corresponded with the creator of bitcoin, most of the correspondence was about bugs, Satoshi quickly eliminated them. He said about Satoshi:
Today, Satoshi's true identity has become a mystery. But at the time, I thought I was dealing with a young man of Japanese ancestry who was very smart and sincere. I've had the good fortune to know many brilliant people over the course of my life, so I recognize the signs.
Also he received Satoshi's first test transaction of 10 BTC, Hal Finney only maintained the network for a few days, but then he got tired of the processor overheating, and the cooler noise, so he turned it off. Then in 2010, he heard about bitcoin again, and was surprised by its cost. Unfortunately, Hal Finney fell ill with an incurable disease. He decided to freeze his body with Cryopreservation, at a time when he lost the opportunity to communicate with others. Legally, he was declared dead. He began to spend bitcoin at the time when its price reached $ 100, but did not sell everything, he bequeathed to his son those that left.
# 5,
Two pizzas post
Well, probably the most famous story about buying two pizzas for bitcoins, in 2010 a man with a forum nickname "laszlo" offered 10,000 bitcoins to someone who will orderer him two pizzas.
The next day, user "jercos" responded and ordered him two pizzas, for which he received the promised 10 thousand BTC at his wallet. In any case, I would not call this a completely stupid purchase, since at that time 10,000 bitcoins cost about 41 dollars, it would be unlikely that Laszlo kept them long enough to become rich, but would most likely dump them on the first pump, as most people usually do, and so
he got into the history for only $ 41.
TradeFortress
The user with the lowest rating
TradeFortress created a free online bitcoin wallet (Inputs.io), this wallet was hacked, 4000 bitcoins were stolen on October 24 of 2013, TradeFortress did not have any bitcoins stored in a cold wallet. After hack, he did not shut down the site, he did not move any of the coins to a cold wallet, he did not report the theft to local authorities, he did not notify any depositors, and he did not stop any new users from depositing to his site., on November 8, 2013 the service was hacked again, this time the hacker stole 160 bitcoins.
After everything become known TradeFortress announced that he will partially compensate for the losses, by its own admission, he did it from the deposits of new users, who, without suspecting anything, continued to transfer bitcoins.
For example, the most affected: DumbFruit, he lost 955.24 BTC, got 199.38 BTC in compensation.
The personality of TradeFortress for the general public remains unknown, in one telephone interview he said about his age: “I’m over 18 but not much over." It is also unknown if those hacks were fabricated by himself or not.
Vitalik Buterin's profile
Vitalik is a very mysterious person, very little is known about him, only a few facts are reliably established: he loves cats, he is not giving away free Ethereum (at least he claims so), he can give a high kick for a fiat Money and he has a profile on the bitcointalk forum, the last time it was active: June 30, 2016.
Did Jercos become rich? Continuation of the story of two pizzas..
8 years ago, the programmer Laszlo Hanyecz, with forum nickname laszlo, made the first-ever known purchase for bitcoins, he bought two pizzas for 10,000 bitcoins. Pizzas was sold by Jeremy Sturdivant, known by the nickname Jercos (he did not have a bitcointalk profile, this profile is from IRC (Internet Relay Chat)).
Later each year on May 22, the bitcoin community began to celebrate "Bitcoin Pizza Day".
I think Laszlo Hanyecz do not regrets about purchase, since he said that later he cashed all his bitcoins when the price reached one dollar, then he was able to buy himself a new computer.
According to the seller of pizza - Jercos, who at that time was 19 years old, he sold his bitcoins when its walue increased ten times, that is for $ 400. Most likely, judging by the history of transactions, he did so in July 2010, just at that time bitcoin increased in price by 10 times, from $ 0.008 BTC to $ 0.08 for BTC. Jercos now works as an engineer-developer of Inovonics Inc, the company is engaged in radio equipment.
Here is the transaction for 10 000 BTC:
https://blockchain.info/tx/a1075db55d416d3ca199f55b6084e2115b9345e16c5cf302fc80e9d5fbf5d48d
In general, as I thought, most of the bitcoin millionaires became them only because they did not keep track of BTC growth, and those who kept in the course of events earned a little.
Laszlo Hanyecz continued his business, 8 years ago he proved that bitcoin can be used as a currency, but in 2017 it was again questioned, as the price for the transaction sometimes reached $ 200. In 2018, he again proved that you can buy pizza for bitcoins, using the lightning network, he spent 0.00649 BTC for two pizzas, or $ 67, and the price for the transaction was 6 cents.
The story of how Kevin bought 259,684 BTC for $ 2,613 (worth $ 5 million at that time)
It is known that Mt. Gox exchange was hacked, almost all bitcoins were stolen, and the consequences of this are haunting us all till now, but here is one of the stories about what was happening on this exchange before the main hack:
The forum has a thread with the title “I'm Kevin, here's my side”. In which the user toasty tells how once he saw that gigantic sell order was burning through the bids at exchange, the price dropped from 17.5$ dollars to 10$, Mt. Gox processed orders slowly, it all lasted a minutes, there were many orders to buy bitcoin for $ 0.01, so he placed his order for $ 0.0101, the exchange was heavily lagging, but with some effort, he managed to place that order, then The site stopped responding completely, when he got back in, he saw this message:
06/19/11 17:51 Bought BTC 259 684.77 for 0.0101
He realized that these bitcoins were most likely from hacking and wanted to behave as honestly as possible, especially since on the eve he sent his id documents for passing verification. There was a limit for withdrawal, but there was a bug that allowed you to withdraw $ 1000 many times in a day, he could also sell a huge number of bitcoins, lower the price again to 0.01 cents, and withdraw all bitcoins fitting in the daily limit, but he did not do it, he only withdraw 643 bitcoins. He hoped until the end that he would be let to keep these BTC, but there where decision to roll back all transactions, and Kevin gained only 643 BTC.
How many Bitcoins do Satoshi Nakamoto have?
It is often possible to hear that Satoshi has 1 million bitcoins, but is it so?
The fact is that there is not one address on which there would be 1 million. It is only known that most of the first 36,000 blocks were found using a single computer, which could only belong to Satoshi, the reward for the block was 50 coins at that time, for each block reward a new address was created with 50 coins, 63% percent of these addresses are untouched up to now, which suggests that they are all belong to Satoshi, and this is 1,148,800 bitcoins.
If we calculate their value for today, it turns out that Satoshi has $ 6.8 billion in bitcoin, $ 0.76 billion in Bitcoin Cash, and insignificant sums in all other forks.
In theory, Satoshi can safely transfer a bit of bitcoins, to pay his bills for the Internet for example, and remain unnoticed, or rather we will not know exactly that it was his addresses.
Here is the address of the very first block (Genesis block):
1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa
People still send bitcoins to that address, as a sign of respect, initially there were 50 coins, but people sent another 16.84 in 1264 transactions, now there are 66.84 coins.
Interesting fact is that the block reward is unspendable in the genesis block address, but the funds that have subsequently been sent to that address can be spent by Satoshi, assuming he has the associated private key.
Also in this block there is an encrypted message from the creator of bitcoin:
"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks".
Probably, Satoshi showed in that way that he is ironic about the banking sector.
Dread Pirate Roberts or Silk Road
As it turned out, this is a very interesting story, it has many different events and details, but I'll try to convey the whole point briefly.
Ross William Ulbricht is known under the pseudonym — Dread Pirate Roberts and currently he is serving life imprisonment in the United States, without the right for parole.
Ulbricht was one of the first who realized the potential of combining Bitcoin and the Tor network, he created Silk Road (the anonymous trading platform), where it was possible to trade everything, except for those things that in his opinion could harm people, but at the same time, the main purpose with which it was created is the drug trade.
How this can be combined?
According to the creator, site was supposed to relieve the drug trade from violence. People could make an order and receive the goods by mail. There was no need for buyers to visit dangerous places, also in street vendors and gang’s showdown. And actually — it worked, the police noted that with the appearance of Silk Road, the number of violent crimes related to drug trafficking has decreased. Also, Ulbricht was fond of libertarianism, whose ideas also embodied his site, he believed that all power is based on violence, in cryptography violence is useless, it is not capable of solving a mathematical problem, so with its help people get freedom from the authorities in which they are free to do what they want. Dread Pirate Roberts constantly wrote on the forum different manifestos, libertarian and philosophical computations.
In total there was $ 1.2 billion turnovers through the site. He had access to the bitcoins of the users and could escape with them at any time, but he did not do it, so he was trusted. There are many people who consider him as a hero, as well as those who consider him a criminal.
Dread Pirate Roberts is a fictional character from the novel "The Princess Bride", the choice fell on this pseudonym because in the novel it was constantly transferred from one person to another.
In addition to accusations of drug trafficking, hacking attacks and money laundering, Ulrich was also accused of attempting to order murders of people who could disclose information threatening Silk Road, one of these murders was directed against the administrator of this site, which was caught by the FBI and he was forced to cooperate (FBI agent wormed into the trust to this administrator, according to legend, he wanted to sell a consignment of drugs in 10 kg. as a result, this agent managed to get the address of the administrator). The murder was ordered from the profile of Dread Pirate Roberts, but the executor was also an FBI agent. As evidence of the execution of the order, fabricated photographs were provided, after which payment was obtained in bitcoins, in the equivalent of $ 80,000. As a result, no one of the orders was executed, and no one was killed. Ulbricht said that some admins also had access to Dread Pirate Roberts account and allegedly these orders were made by them, as a result his guilt was not proven.
In the history of Ulbricht's correspondence with the site's administrators, it was possible to read that he sometimes joked over users of his site who became addicted.
Ulbricht was hunted down and caught by the FBI, he was detained in the public library, from which he went online, he was logged in by the name of Dread Pirate Roberts. Also in his laptop was found bitcoins for 3 million dollars.
After the closure of the Silk Road site, many similar ones began to appear, and instead of one trading platform, dozens appeared, the authorities are still fighting with them.
№12-22
kirreev070 , decided to help me with the topik and added the profiles of users who made a great contribution to the development of the blockchain, here are the links:
12-18 — https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3247239.msg43937580#msg43937580
The best faucet
User AlexMay, told in this post, about a magical faucet, with the help of which anyone could earn a lambo in 5 minutes. The post is in Russian, so I decided to make a translation, because consider it is interesting.
Quote from: AlexMay on June 14, 2018, 08:02:14 PM
I remembered another amusing fact from those times when bitcoin cost a penny.
What do you think, what was the payment of the very first bitcoin-faucet?
5BTC!
I learned this by stumbling upon a topic: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1365217.0
The crane was created by the crypto-enthusiast and Bitcoin Foundation participant — Gavin Andresen, in order to popularize bitcoin among the "broad masses of the population", mining of which became unavailable due to increasing difficulty.
To get 5BTC it was necessary to go to the site (which did not have any advertising at all!), Confirm "humanity" with captcha, enter the bitcoin-address and click on the " Get Some!" button.
The web.archive.org website contains sample pages of this faucet. Here is the oldest, dated July 3, 2010:
http://web.archive.org/web/20100703032414/http://freebitcoins.appspot.com:80/
"I distribute 5 bitcoins to each visitor, just solve the captcha, enter the bitcoin address and click Get Some!"
For those who wished to support Andresen’s idea, it was proposed to transfer the feasible amount to the address 15VjRaDX9zpbA8LVnbrCAFzrVzN7ixHNsC.
According to https://blockchain.info/address/15VjRaDX9zpbA8LVnbrCAFzrVzN7ixHNsC,the total amount of donations was 19715 BTC.
As the bitcoin rate rises, the faucet payoff has decreased to 0.05BTC as early as August 2010, and to 0.02BTC in 2011. Then the faucet closed, forever ...
P.S. Look at the screenshot. In the button "Get Some!".
Here she is!
This coveted button "Money!", Which was searched for crowds of newcomers, here, on the forum, at the end of last year.
P.P.S. I repent and sin!
Entering the crane in the web archive, entered the address, captcha, clicked "Get Some!", And ...
Vitalik Buterin's wallets
Most likely Vitalik's stash lies on these wallets:
0xAb5801a7D398351b8bE11C439e05C5B3259aeC9B
0x1Db3439a222C519ab44bb1144fC28167b4Fa6EE6
I heard that Vitalik acknowledged in one of the quarrels that these were his wallets, but I haven’t yet found any confirmation about that.
Also I have herd rumors that he sold his Ethereum at the peak of the price, as did Charlie Lee (Litecoin founder), who sold and donated all his LTCs in December 2017, just when the Litecoin price was at its peak (more than $ 300). According to him, he did this so that he would no longer receive accusations of price manipulation.
But, as we see, Vitalik keeps his ETH and does not sell them (if this is his wallets ofcourse).
mdayonliner
We are Bitcoin!
Re: Legendary profiles of bitcointalk.
Some good work indeed.
Exhibit#3 is interesting though.
500,000 BTC!
I wonder what is this guy doing now a days?
Re-join and hello to all! Be addictive, be a Bitcoiner.
apoorvlathey
CryptoTalk.Org - Get Paid for every Post!
Merited by digaran (1)
This is a great list !
I would like to suggest an addition to this legendary list :
The 10,000 Bitcoins for 2 Pizza's original post | Link : https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=137.0
.Signature Design
ANN Thread Design ..APOORVLATHEY GRAPHICS..
. Promo Videos.
Quote from: apoorvlathey on April 03, 2018, 06:53:56 AM
I'm not sure if I will call him fool or legend or both.
Fool to spend 10,000 BTC for two pizza
Legend for using BTC as currency at that time when only very few people believed in BTC.
I am having another thought...
Shall I call the guy Legend or the person who accepted 10,000 BTC when people did not believe in bitcoin. He actually took the risk.
actmyname
Ennui for the many
Quote from: mdayonliner on April 03, 2018, 07:00:47 AM
It's not foolish to sell 1 BTC for $10,000 right now. Just as it made sense back then.
It's one of the events that pushed towards adoption. Doing BTC-to-fiat transactions is necessary.
Why have you made this topic, anyway? Two profiles and a post?
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.ChipMixer.{ MIXING REINVENTED FOR YOUR PRIVACY #.ChipMixer.
Thanks for the link, I haven’t seen it before, and will defiantly add it in the list )
Quote from: actmyname on April 03, 2018, 07:05:38 AM
- Got your point
Asking me?
I have only one account unfortunately and which is this one I am making this comment
thithai547
Something like hopelessly effort to earn more merits. Anyway, I highly appreciate his work, which help me to know more about two interesting members of the forum.
The topic show us that merit system changed several members in the forum to better ones (more constructive). I don't want to fall into discussion about which original objectives of this guy to start the topic.
TheQuin
Freebitco.in Support https://bit.ly/2I9BVS2
To expand on actmyname's point, that post is widely thought to be the first documented example of Bitcoins being exchanged for goods. It's an important historical moment.
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Quickseller
Quote from: Ariem on April 03, 2018, 06:24:10 AM
Exhibit#3,
[img ]http://i.piccy.info/i9/8d4040277ae279d36e815f6e3076b747/1522732934/76494/1233511/Pirateat40.jpg[/img]
Actually he is Trendon Shavers and was sentenced to 18 months in prison in 2016. He used about $200k of his customer money for his personal expenses, and likely paid out a lot of what was lost to investors via interest payments.
What he did was far from disappearing....
regarding 'stuck' transactions
Talk merit
Register for Fit to Talk through me
Why is it in that stupid format?
I couldn't be bothered to read it.
The Talk Merit projects
- Jet Cash has set up a number of projects for Bitcoin Talk members Click here to see the list.
Quote from: Quickseller on April 03, 2018, 07:16:58 AM
Thanks, I will add that to, if he wasn’t found then it would be a good story about a pirate
Because there was all interesting things that I knew on this forum, now I found some more and I will expand this topik.
Here is another interesting post which was made by Hal Finney, where he tells his story, this man was among of the first who started to support bitcoin's network, most likely second after Satoshi, as he claims started doing this from the 70th block, often corresponded with the creator of bitcoin, most of the correspondence was about bugs, Satoshi quickly eliminated them, also he received Satoshi's first test transaction of 10 bitcoins, Hal Finney only maintained the network for a few days, but then he got tired of the processor overheating, and the cooler, so he turned it off. Then in 2010, he heard about bitcoin again, and was surprised by its cost. Unfortunately, Hal Finney fell ill with an incurable disease. He decided to freeze his body with Cryopreservation, at a time when he lost the opportunity to communicate with others. Legally, he was declared dead. He began to spend bitcoin at the time when its price reached $ 100, but did not sell everything, he bequeathed to his son those that left.
Added Hal Finney’s post, and a brief story about him.
audaciousbeing
Several times I have seen people castigate those who made this decision and how foolish they are but the truth is a whole lot of us would probably do the same thing if we are in their position at the time. Today we use bitcoin say .01 btc to buy say cloths but if bitcoin increased to say $50000 later in the future, wouldn't we be close to those people?
One thing they have done is being part of history and that is why they are being talked about today even after several years the decision has been taken and forgotten. What exactly are we also doing to be part of history today because today's actions are history for tomorrow.
Heisenberg_Hunter
Read my post for further more info. Good old times which would never come back. Surprisingly, I never came across the pirate guy who ran away with 500k btc.
Well, probably the most famous story about buying two pizzas for bitcoins, in 2010 a man with a forum nickname laszlo offered 10,000 bitcoins to someone who ordered him two pizzas.
The next day, user jercos responded and ordered him two pizzas, for which he received the promised 10 thousand BTC at his wallet. In any case, I would not call this a completely stupid purchase, since at that time 10,000 bitcoins cost about 41 dollars, it would be unlikely that Laszlo kept them long enough to become rich, but would most likely dump them on the first pump, as most people usually do, and so
Added story about two pizzas.
cabalism13
★3rd Yr BSIT Student★
Quote from: Ariem on April 09, 2018, 07:24:03 PM
Quite nice for having this thread, I think you also add the LEGENDARY PROFILES of those who are still active and still contributing for the greater good of our bitcoin economy here in our forum...
Looking forward to see some amazing stories from the past such as this one
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palle11
These posts and profiles reminds me of what archaeological data is. I'm sure if finally bitcoin and cryptocurrency gets universal acceptance, satoshi would be mortalized.
steve_rogers
What a great idea of topic, thank you man for doing this. I hope real legends will make their contribution to this topic and this list will be as full as possible.
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Home 2019 Elections Video: Gabby Giffords and LuAnn Bennett…Obviously You’d Never See NRA Tool Barbara...
Video: Gabby Giffords and LuAnn Bennett…Obviously You’d Never See NRA Tool Barbara Comstock Up There
The other day at a packed room in Sterling, Virginia (Loudoun County), Democratic 10th CD nominee LuAnn Bennett shared a stage with heroic gun violence survivor – and gun violence prevention advocate – former Rep. Gabby Giffords (see video clip below). According to Giffords, fighting gun violence “takes courage…The courage to do what’s right. The courage of new ideas.” Giffords added: “I’ve seen great courage when my life was on the line. Now is the time to come together, be responsible – Democrats, Republicans, everyone. We must never stop fighting. Fight, fight, fight.”
Obviously, you’d never see Rep. Barbara Comstock sharing a stage with Gabby Giffords, as Comstock has a horrendous record on this subject, just as she does on so many other subjects. Thus, as of 2014, Comstock continued to receive her “A” rating from the extremist NRA.
Earlier this year, Comstock demonstrated why she deserves that “A” badge of dishonor, issuing a statement about how President Obama supposedly “[did] not respect the rule of law” in taking executive action on background checks and mental health treatment, and vowed that a Republican President would rescind [the orders] on Day One.” Yeah, don’t boo, vote – for LuAnn Bennett!
As if that’s not bad enough, in June 2015, Comstock voted for an amendment that prevented the ATF from banning some forms of armor-piercing ammunition and military style handguns. Why on earth does anyone need armor-piercing ammo? Ask Barbara Comstock next time you see her.
Finally, recall Comstock’s record as a Virginia delegate, such as voting (in February 2012) in favor of House Bill 940 that would repeal the state’s nearly 20-year-old ban on purchasing more than one handgun per month. Comstock also voted for Senate Bill 334 that would allow those with concealed weapons permits to carry their concealed weapons into bars and restaurants that serve alcohol. And in April 2013, Comstock did NOT vote to increase penalties on so-called “straw man” gun purchases where a buyer knowingly obtains a firearm with the intent to transfer it to a person who’s legally barred from possessing a gun.
If you’re tired of a Congresswoman who will simply do anything and everything the NRA wants, then please vote for LuAnn Bennett to replace her in Congress. In stark contrast, Bennett will “stand up to the gun lobby and support common sense gun safety measures” – measures supported by huge majorities (70%, 80% or more) of Americans. Thanks.
Barbara Comstock
Luann Bennett
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Cook Political Report: 2021 VA Governor’s Race Starts “in the Likely Democrat column,” with McAuliffe “the clear favorite to win the primary and the...
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← Eligible to be eligible
They’re gonna need a bigger cannon. →
Today, in plain speaking
It’s gonna be hard to top this one:
Dan Mullen addresses off field issues with his Florida Gators—including players spotted with bb guns painted to look real and an actual, loaded AR-15 “I have a no-weapons policy, but I think — it’s not like you’re not allowed to have a gun.” https://t.co/8gHHqQrBgu
— RedditCFB (@RedditCFB) August 2, 2018
The only way I can parse that sentence for it to have any logical sense is to say he means that a gun isn’t a weapon… well, unless he means that he, Dan Mullen, has a no-weapons policy personally, but that doesn’t extend to his players.
Ah, hell. I give up.
Filed under Gators, Gators..., It's All Just Made Up And Flagellant
49 responses to “Today, in plain speaking”
ChiliDawg
“Sure they broke MY rules, but it’s not like it’s ILLEGAL, so, I mean, let’s just not talk about this…. please?”
CPark58
Translation: My rule so we’ll “deal with it internally” but no laws were broken so he gon’ play. Seriously, have you seen our depth chart and past recruiting rankings?
Dawg Vegas
My brain hurts
atlasshrugged55
I guess that’s what happens when a UF coach doesn’t have a prepared statement from Huntley Johnson to read.
He should’ve just said, “I can guarantee I’ll handle it different than Urban would.” Then just slip away into the backdrop curtain.
Cousin Eddie
Did Urban leave his “rules book” in his office at uf? Sounds like something he would say or do and look where that is getting him.
Translation. Deep your weapons out of sight and I don’t want the pro Second Amendment crowd on my ass.
JCDAWG83
Watching his press conference after our game against MS St last season showed me that he was in no danger of being a Mensa member.
NCDawg
Guns don’t kill people, people with guns kill people.
People kill people all kinds of ways. We need a collective change of hearts but it isn’t about to happen. Society just sucks now.
But your quote may me think of the big monster guy’s shirt in “Happy Gilmore”. “Guns don’t kill people. I kill people”…funny!
Hey Dan, Gene Smith is on line 2.
How relieved you think Dan Mullen feels that Urban Meyer is the center of the CFB news universe right now?
Milledge Hall
Since when does a ditch lizard think rationally and convey those thoughts in complete sentences??
NEVER!!
Argondawg
He has a no weapons policy unless the costume calls for it. Those crazy ass “having fun” videos don’t make themselves ya know. Sometimes an outfit calls for a Chucky doll and sometimes it calls for an AK-47.
Former Fan
Giving him the benefit of the doubt, I wonder if he means you can own a gun but not use it in public. Who knows! I don’t get these “no gun policies” anyway. I know times have changed, but I remember when half the parking lot in my highschool would be filled with trucks that had guns in them.
Nope… not touching this one.
Can’t touch that one, Chili. It’s true.
We used to bring our guns to shop class and refurbish them.
I’m not saying we should do that now, though. Times and society have very much changed.
Sure did. And I’m only 40. It wasn’t that long ago. And guess what? No school shootings.
Parenting changed, or, more appropriately, was abandoned.
My physics teacher in high school shot a 44 magnum into a clay. We measured the displacement of the clay to figure out how much energy was in the bullet. It was nothing for teachers and students to compare guns in the parking lot. And as someone already posted… no school shootings either.
How many of you had AR-15’s?
No AR-15’s, but half the kids in my school would leave the tree stand and come strait to class in the mornings. Most trucks had 30/30’s, .308’s and .30-06’s in their trucks. All will nlow a big hole in your dumb ass. Guns are not the problem dickhead.
Chili an AD 15 is not a machine gun. You have to pull the trigger each time you want to fire. You can’t just hold the trigger down and spray bullets. The people who act like an AD 15 is something scary usually don’t know what it is. They think AT stands for “assault rifle”.
AR 15. Jeez.
RangerRuss
AR-15’s weren’t readily available back then. WTF is your problem?
My Dad said if you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything at all.
My reply was targeted at him RangerRuss. I feel it’s best just not to engage.
I don’t have a problem.
Not sure what your point is about the AR-15 Chili. Its a semi-automatic weapon just like a lot of other semis out there.
Chili one of the ban all guns crowd.
And whether or not they were readily available years ago is irrelevant. Because .308s have been readily available for a very long time and there isn’t a nickle’s worth of difference between that round and an AR15. People who don’t know anything about guns just think AR15s look scary. That and they commit out whatever they here from other people who don’t know anything about guns.
My apologies Mike Cooley. That was meant for Chilidawg.
And .308 has over twice the muzzle energy of an AR-15. But this is the wrong forum for this discussion. We don’t want to “trigger” the girls.
Not to mention a .308 is a larger bullet than a .223
DOH! It appears I’m way too late. It seems the resident hysterical little girl had her feelings triggered at 11:53 by the # gators after dark article. Thank Cthulu that Anonymous was there with a reasonable and correct argument to shut her up.
Freedumb
Yeah. Liberty sucks.
DugLite
The sound coming out from his pie hole is the same as the sound of the wheels coming off of a program.
Saltwater Dawg
The interview only got better.
So, it’s a no weapons policy that isn’t a no weapons policy, just a plan —or hope — to be able to educate the players on gun safety.
Godawg
Just for clarity, the no weapons policy does or does not extend to frying pans?
UF has hired the WRONG man, again, and I am loving it.
He did a decent job at MSU, but I am beginning to think he may have bitten off more than he can chew right now.
It’s a no weapons policy. It’s just not a strict no weapons policy. Just like the no eye gouging policy, no beating women policy, no terroristic threats policy, etc.
Minnesota Dawg
Yep. Or it’s occasionally strict…for instance, if the trouble-makers are buried on the practice squad. Then, it might be a great time to make an example.
“And so, boys and girls, if anybody does have any firearms… …you need to turn them in
as soon as possible. No questions asked.
Understood? All right.”
Urban taught him well, I see.
mykiesee
This season is gonna be fun!!!
I’m so sick of scumbags – they are everywhere.
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Barriers to participation in mental health research: are there specific gender, ethnicity and age related barriers?
Anna Woodall1,
Craig Morgan2,
Claire Sloan1 &
Louise Howard1
It is well established that the incidence, prevalence and presentation of mental disorders differ by gender, ethnicity and age, and there is evidence that there is also differential representation in mental health research by these characteristics. The aim of this paper is to a) review the current literature on the nature of barriers to participation in mental health research, with particular reference to gender, age and ethnicity; b) review the evidence on the effectiveness of strategies used to overcome these barriers.
Studies published up to December 2008 were identified using MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE using relevant mesh headings and keywords.
Forty-nine papers were identified. There was evidence of a wide range of barriers including transportation difficulties, distrust and suspicion of researchers, and the stigma attached to mental illness. Strategies to overcome these barriers included the use of bilingual staff, assistance with travel, avoiding the use of stigmatising language in marketing material and a focus on education about the disorder under investigation. There were very few evaluations of such strategies, but there was evidence that ethnically matching recruiters to potential participants did not improve recruitment rates. Educational strategies were helpful and increased recruitment.
Mental health researchers should consider including caregivers in recruitment procedures where possible, provide clear descriptions of study aims and describe the representativeness of their sample when reporting study results. Studies that systematically investigate strategies to overcome barriers to recruitment are needed.
It is well established that the incidence, prevalence and presentation of mental disorders differ by gender, ethnicity and age. For example, men suffer from higher rates of alcohol dependency and antisocial personality disorder, and women have higher rates of depression, anxiety and somatic complaints [1, 2]. Black and minority ethnic groups (BME) have a higher reported incidence of psychotic disorders [3], and are more likely to experience compulsory admission to psychiatric hospitals than whites [4] There is a higher incidence of schizophrenia in men compared with women [5] and men have poorer outcomes [6] but women are more likely to present with late onset psychotic disorders [7]. Alzheimer's Disease is more prevalent in women (reflecting the high proportions of women in the older adult population in industrialised countries)[8]. The validity of such findings is predicated on the assumption that recruitment of study participants is not overly influenced by sampling bias.
However, there is evidence that some groups are under-represented in mental health research [9] whereby insufficient numbers of participants are recruited to adequately represent a particular group of patients. For example, the National Survey of American Life: a study of racial, ethnic and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health [10] found that initial refusal to participate was higher in African Caribbean participants, and the authors cite fears and suspicions concerning questions about possible immigration status as a reason for this. We also found that in a preliminary analysis of the Aetiology and Ethnicity of Schizophrenia and other Psychoses (AESOP) dataset [11], ethnic group and gender interacted to predict consent to participate; Black Caribbean men, and Black African women were more likely to refuse to take part in mental health research than their white British counterparts (Sloan & Morgan, personal communication).
There are a number of possible reasons why some groups are under-represented in mental health research. Firstly, until recently, investigators have tended to aim for homogeneity of study populations to avoid potential confounding. In addition women of childbearing age are also often routinely excluded from aetiological and intervention studies (e.g. neuro-imaging studies or drug trials) because of fears that if they are pregnant, or conceive during the study, the foetus will be put at risk [12], though there is evidence that this is changing [13, 14]. Secondly, certain groups are less likely to access mental health services and will therefore not be available for studies that recruit through service contacts, e.g. BME patients and young men are less likely to access mental health services [15]. Also, gender and BME specific pathways to mental health care may also inhibit recruitment of these groups e.g. BME groups are more likely to have contact with mental health services via the criminal justice system [11]. The stigma associated with mental illness [16] may also affect willingness to participate in mental health research, both for participants who are mentally ill and healthy controls, particularly those from BME groups, or older potential participants[17]. Older adults may also be more physically frail, limiting their ability to attend research appointments and they are more likely to have chronic physical diseases which may mean they cannot be recruited into studies due to the exclusion criteria.
There is increased recognition of the importance of generalisability for study findings and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) published amended guidelines in 2001 on the inclusion of women and minorities in research [18]. These guidelines state 'It is the policy of NIH that women and members of minority groups and their subpopulations must be included in all NIH-funded clinical research, unless a clear and compelling rationale and justification establishes to the satisfaction of the relevant Institute/Centre Director that inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the research'. It is therefore vital that researchers know about potential barriers to participation in these groups and strategies that can effectively be used to overcome these barriers.
To our knowledge there has been no systematic review of barriers to participation in mental health research for different groups or how researchers have tried to overcome them. We therefore aimed to review the current literature on the nature of barriers to participation across different mental health studies with a focus on whether there are specific gender, age and ethnicity related barriers and to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of strategies used to overcome barriers.
The research literature was searched using bibliographical electronic databases: Psyc-INFO, Medline and Embase, (1990-2008). The inclusion criteria were English language reports on barriers to recruitment in mental health research and strategies to address these on adult participants. The exclusion criteria were articles with a primary focus on eating disorders or substance abuse, non-empirical research articles and book chapters. "These databases were searched using search terms Mental disorders (Mapped term: exploded), and Recruitment$ and Research$ resulting in a retrieval of 661 articles across the three databases. Then, to narrow the search, the word barriers$, and finally, the term participation$ was added to the above search terms.
All of the articles retrieved (n = 157), using the above search terms, were subject to an initial screen. This involved reviewing the title and abstract of the retrieved article for subject relevance. After the search was conducted a primary researcher (CS) was responsible for selecting articles for review, and a second researcher (AW) repeated this process to check all relevant articles had been included. Where there was disagreement a senior author (LH) examined the paper and consensus was achieved after discussion. A circulatory approach to the review process was adopted [19], whereby the author moved between searching the literature base, analysing relevant studies to identify further studies and writing up; this is done so that the review remains firmly grounded in the available literature. Conceptual and methodological literatures are not readily subject to meta-analysis. It was anticipated that this review would include both qualitative and quantitative research therefore a more open and qualitative analysis of the results was considered appropriate [20].
We excluded articles relating to substance misuse only and eating disorders only (n = 11), articles unrelated to mental health research (n = 46), non-empirical research articles or book chapters (n = 20), and articles with no focus on recruitment (n = 34). A scan of the reference list, for potential additional articles of relevance was carried out for each paper and six additional papers were selected for initial inclusion in this review (see Figure 1).
Papers identified for review.
Forty-nine papers met the inclusion criteria of this review and were examined in detail (see additional file 1). The papers included in this review were diverse in type using a broad range of methodologies and participant populations. Papers are concerned with Dementia (n = 19), Schizophrenia (n = 7), depression (n = 15), Bipolar Disorder (n = 2), or mental illness in general (n = 8); one paper included patients with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder and therefore is included in each category. The methodologies used were qualitative (including surveys (n = 12), focus groups (n = 2), and semi-structured interviews (n = 8)), descriptions of different recruitment strategies in clinical trials (n = 7), and discussion of issues of recruitment and/or comparison of recruitment strategies within the same study (n = 26). One paper [21] compared the recruitment strategies of two RCTs on treatment models for depression. Additional files 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 provide details of included studies for the different disorders, with information on the barriers identified in each study and the country from which papers originate. Figure 2 provides details of barriers and facilitators identified by the included studies.
Barriers and facilitators to recruitment.
Identified Barriers
The barriers identified by researchers were broad ranging and included fear, suspicion and/or distrust of researchers [22–30], concerns about confidentiality [31], transportation difficulties [23, 32–34], severity of illness[35–39], lack of financial reward [28, 40], an increase in age - associated illness [35, 37, 41–45], inconvenience [23, 33, 46–48], fear of relapse as a result of participation [31, 49], and the stigma of mental illness [24, 26, 26, 26, 27, 44, 50–53]. Also discussed were barriers that are not explicitly linked to the population being studied but rather the researchers themselves, which include competing academic centres studying the same group (which potentially increases participant refusal in one project due to participation in another), tensions between academic institutions and community centres, interdisciplinary differences [54], and relying on referrals from clinicians who have misconceptions about the research design and consequently have difficulty identifying and explaining the study to prospective patients [55].
In efforts to recruit minority ethnic groups specifically, a number of studies identified the stigma of mental illness [24, 26, 26, 27, 51, 53] and distrust of researchers [10, 22, 56] as significant barriers. Results from a focus group with caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease indicated that the primary barrier for white participants was 'inconvenience' whereas for African American families it was more a general distrust of research [23]. Interviews with Chinese American Alzheimer caregivers also suggested that the social stigma associated with the disease was a barrier to research participation [51]. Language barriers [34] have also been cited as barriers to recruitment in minority ethnic groups. Immigration status proved to be a barrier to participation when attempting to recruit Mexican and Puerto Rican patients [26] and African American and African Caribbean migrant and second and older generation populations [10, 26]. Loue and Sajatovic (2008) [26]discussed immigration status as also being a potential inhibiter to both initially contacting and remaining in contact with some patients as they were attempting to remain undetected by other authorities. In addition, the fear of being asked about immigration status within the context of a survey served as a challenge to initial recruitment [10].
Older participants are more difficult to recruit in some studies, and this can be due to a higher likelihood of physical illness[41]. Many of the studies done specifically with an older population also found that the difficulty of accepting a diagnosis of Dementia was a common barrier [22, 23]. Through interviews it was found that caregivers of people with dementia were also concerned that the research activities would be harmful and cause excessive worry for the patient [51]. Rather than age itself serving as a barrier to recruitment, studies in relation to this factor were largely concerned with barriers to recruiting older adults into dementia research. It is interesting to note that one study of younger adults experiencing their first episode of mental illness also highlighted the difficulty of accepting a diagnosis as well as a decreased need for treatment as barriers [57].
In terms of gender, one study found that males were harder to recruit because they were less likely to endorse a diagnosis of depression because of the associated stigma [44]. However more men than women admitted to a psychiatric hospital recorded that they saw no reason to refuse participation when asked to consent to a range of hypothetical studies [28].
Recruitment strategies to overcome barriers to participation
The recruitment strategies employed and discussed by researchers can be classified into three broad categories; suggestions for recruitment based on focus groups, interviews, and surveys with patients and others; author's opinions on what techniques they thought were helpful in their own recruitment; and strategies that were actually tested and measured in terms of effectiveness in increasing recruitment. It should be noted that strategies were not developed to recruit more effectively by age, gender or ethnicity specifically; instead more general strategies were described though some had a focus on minority recruitment.
Patient, caregiver, and professional suggestions on components essential for effective recruitment elicited from focus groups, interviews and surveys included: involving care givers [23]; emphasis on possible psycho-social benefits to participants including 'social and emotional support' from the research staff [23, 31, 58, 59]; bilingual staff [51]; familiarity with researchers [31, 60] and transportation assistance and incentives [28, 31, 32, 61].
Some strategies are specifically relevant to certain contexts. For example, a study in the United States of America (USA) involved semi-structured interviews with patients who had and had not participated in mental health research to determine their main motivations and barriers to participation [31]. A strong motivating factor for patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia was the offer of free medication; patients who were least happy with their current condition were more motivated to participate as they hoped that their symptoms would be alleviated.
Some researchers have provided suggestions on what recruitment techniques they believe were helpful in their research. These range from using bilingual staff (where studies have participants with other first languages) [26, 26, 34, 62]; targeted marketing material [10, 33, 40, 62, 62, 62]; assistance with travel costs and incentives [34, 46, 57, 63, 64]; flexible meeting times and locations [26, 34, 57], and avoiding the use of mental illness terms where possible to minimise the effect of the associated stigma [26, 40, 65].
Several studies describe different forms of outreach work designed to engage and consequently recruit ethnic minority participants. These range from hiring a specific 'outreach worker' (a person living within the community) [24] to assist researchers in meeting potential participants and advise study researchers on how to appropriately communicate, to (in certain contexts) ongoing consultation with community leaders [66]. Targeted marketing in the local communities was also employed [44, 50]. While our review did not focus on retention of study participants, some authors commented on high retention rates which they attributed to certain strategies including the collection of alternative contacts for highly mobile subjects, birthday cards, and gifts for subjects [26, 34]. One study used a group session to inform potential participants about a study [67]. The 45-minute presentation to potential participants described the nature of the RCT of supported employment. To be eligible for recruitment, potential participants had to attend four of these sessions; this was to ensure informed and committed people were recruited. The project met its recruitment target and had a good retention rate. However none of these strategies were formally evaluated.
A small number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of researcher/participant ethnic matching [10, 21, 68] and found little effect on recruitment rates. For example, Thompson et al (1996) found that ethnic matching of researchers to potential participants did not influence rates of refusal of interview completion for African American psychiatric inpatients. Recruitment data from a randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a social model of care for patients with depression, anxiety or heavy drinking showed that ethnically matched recruiters were no more effective than experienced researchers with previous experience of conducting work with minorities and community member recruiters, with recruitment rates of 64%, 70%, and 77% respectively [21].
Other methods to increase minority recruitment that researchers have tried to evaluate included the distribution of educational pamphlets, a study newsletter and compensation for transportation costs in a study on dementia in black patients. When these strategies were introduced participation rates in a registry for Alzheimer's disease increased from 60 black patients (out of 607 potential participants) in year one to 150 in its second year [32]. Fritsch et al (2006) [69] increased minority recruitment rates (17% to 36%) over a 6 month period by exposing potential participants to a piece of educational theatre on Alzheimer's disease.
The main findings in terms of barriers identified ranged from practical factors (including transport, lack of financial reward, inconvenience, language difficulties, and immigration status), to more complex internal barriers (ranging from distrust of research and concerns about confidentiality, stigma of mental health, reluctance to accept a psychiatric diagnosis and fear of relapse). Strategies to overcome barriers to recruitment ranged from transport assistance and monetary incentives, bilingual staff, and inclusion of caregivers. Such practical solutions such as flexible meeting times, locations, and monetary incentives are relatively easy to implement in order to address barriers pertaining to transport, inconvenience, and financial difficulties. However other more complex barriers associated with the health, beliefs, and the culture of patients and/or carers were identified, which may be more difficult to overcome. We will therefore discuss these barriers in more detail.
Fear and Concerns about Confidentiality
Through interviews with patients who had not consented to participate in a study of schizophrenia, Kaminsky et al (2003) [31] found that refusal was based on a fear of not knowing what was involved in the research, concerns about confidentiality of information and concerns that their personal information may be misused. Therefore clear, comprehensive explanations of the procedures involved in the study by researchers could serve to lessen any initial distrust. The recruitment targets were met in a study that utilised a research induction group to facilitate recruitment [67]. Within this forum there is the potential to provide sufficient information and respond to any concerns prospective participants have.
The mistrust and scepticism of mental health research found in ethnic communities [70] also inhibits prospective patients from volunteering to participate in research projects. This is in line with findings that ethnic minorities have a greater distrust of medical research in general [22, 23, 70]. Given that it is still discussed in the research and lay literature[71], this is perhaps a legacy from medical research projects such as the Tuskegee study, in which black men were not offered efficacious treatments for syphilis [72]. This scepticism of mental health research includes concerns about confidentiality of information shared [31] and perhaps the more deeply entrenched feelings of 'mental illness rooted in white oppression' [27].
The majority of studies were conducted in the USA and there did not appear to be significant differences in perceived barriers and facilitators to participation across countries. However we noted that three of the five studies based in England discussed the reluctance of clinicians to refer participants (due to a lack of confidence, skill, or misconception about research) as a significant barrier[73–75], in a way that was not explicitly discussed in studies conducted in the USA. This may indicate that research is more embedded in clinical practice there, or that less attention is paid to clinicians as potential barriers.
Stigma of Mental Illness
The stigma associated with mental illness has been widely researched and seen as a factor effecting service engagement [16, 76]. Stigma has also been cited as a factor affecting lower service use among ethnic minority groups [77–79]. The stigma attached to mental illness experienced by ethnic minorities such as African American [23] and Chinese American [51] communities were perceived to be a strong barrier to participation in mental health research. As ethnic minorities are less likely to access mental health services, reliance on clinical referrals and recruitment through services limits the potential pool of ethnic minority participants. Stigma and general distrust can also stem from a lack of understanding about the illness; some researchers who had difficulty recruiting Latino caregivers of persons with dementia cited a general lack of awareness and knowledge of dementia in the community as a significant barrier [62]. Other researchers deliberately avoided using terms associated with 'mental illness' and other 'stigmatizing diagnostic classifications' in their marketing and recruitment material, though ethically such techniques may be problematic if they are not transparent about the study aims.
A lack of knowledge about older age disorders has been highlighted as a potential barrier to participation in research into dementia [69]. Fritsch et al (2006) [69] significantly increased recruitment rate of African Americans into Alzheimer's disease research through exposure to live educational theatre on the topic. This type of community education can serve to lessen the stigma attached to a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Acceptance of Diagnosis
Patients and family members' acceptance of a diagnosis is an important factor in gaining consent for participation. Studies of older adults with dementia or Alzheimer's Disease [22, 23] found a reluctance to accept the diagnosis was a significant barrier. Not only did it prove to be a barrier at a patient level but clinicians themselves also resisted formally diagnosing Chinese American patients in an effort to reduce the perceived stigma of the diagnosis for that population [51]. Clinicians in this study reasoned that there was no need to give a potentially stigmatizing diagnosis if the elder was well cared for and not exhibiting any dangerous or violent behaviour. This consequently has implications for recruitment of these types of patients. A lack of insight or understanding, or an emotional need to deny a diagnosis, was found not only in elderly populations and their families but also with adolescents experiencing their first episode of psychosis or depression [57]. In one study males were more difficult to recruit due to their non-acceptance of their diagnosis of depression [44]. This is consistent with research that suggests males experience depression privately, unshared with others and attempt to alleviate it with little external help [80].
Facilitators to Research Participation
Incentives to research participation such as the offer of free medication are relevant in countries where patients have difficulty in accessing and paying for health care. Even in countries with free healthcare people may see research as another avenue for help, as found by a United Kingdom (UK) based online survey on the views of patients regarding research participation (see http://www.healthtalkonline.org) [81]. This study also found that, of those people who were approached about mental health research, those who believed that their mental health may alter or be at risk of deteriorating as a result of participation were far less likely to participate in experimental studies and drug trials.
Results from studies that employed racial matching did not clearly indicate an improved consent rate from ethnic minority participants. Experience or 'cultural competence' appears to be more effective. However language specific marketing and use of researchers fluent in the minority groups' language is inevitably an effective component of recruitment [26, 34, 50, 51, 62].
Feedback from focus groups about research with older adults with dementia [23, 50] highlight how important it is that family members and carers are actively involved in recruitment and research procedures, as the decision of consent will in large part be influenced by them. It is particularly important to include caregivers in the explanation and consent process as some caregivers have expressed worry that research participation could be potentially harmful to a patient [51].
A major motivating factor in participation in research appears to be the perception that the research may help others [31, 50, 61, 82]. It follows that receiving research feedback from a study can reinforce this and show participants how they are contributing to the development of knowledge in that particular area [83]. Most studies agree that this is good practice and UK research ethics committees now routinely ask if this is planned. It is less clear how much time and resources should be allocated to providing detailed feedback. This is a longer-term strategy which aims to engage with the communities and educate them in what the research and their previous participation achieved; in the hope that this will lead to higher participation rates in future studies. This wider form of community awareness and engagement has been advocated by many authors [26, 50, 51, 69] and is seen as crucial to recruitment. Participants also advocate this. In a study on schizophrenia, participants expressed a strong preference for being thoroughly debriefed about the purpose of each task at the conclusion of the study [61]. Outlining to a participant that they will receive some form of immediate feedback in the form of a debriefing may therefore increase the likelihood of consent.
Research findings will not be generalisable if particular groups of patients are under-represented; research on the effectiveness of medication for certain ethnic groups for example has been limited [84] making it difficult to identify whether dosage should be altered or whether different drugs should be used. Study design ideally needs to reflect the population under investigation and where recruitment of large subgroups is not possible for practical reasons this should be addressed in the analysis e.g. by probability weighting in cost-effectiveness analyses.
Studies could also use more comprehensive datasets (e.g. administrative data) which could be helpful in triangulating research findings. Grant bodies could also try to ensure that planned research addresses the evaluation of recruitment strategies to ensure relevant groups are adequately represented.
Limitations of Review
This literature search did not include hand-searching of relevant journals and formal rating of methodological quality was beyond the scope of this review - the diversity of the papers considered made this impractical. We found few studies that actually tested the effectiveness of a strategy making it difficult to attribute successful recruitment to a particular method. The lack of control groups in the majority of studies and comparisons of rates of recruitment could be affected by confounding factors. The literature to date illustrates how the majority of recruitment methods have not been formally evaluated and there is therefore a real gap in our understanding of barriers to participation. Much of the research in this area is at an exploratory stage only.
Future Research Directions
Many researchers described barriers as discussion points or as a set of limitations after the results rather than something specifically considered in the study design. Where researchers did try to address potential barriers in their recruitment strategies, they did not formally evaluate these in any way. In view of the very limited evidence base on recruitment strategies to overcome barriers to participation in mental health research, we would recommend that future feasibility and pilot studies should include systematic evaluation of different recruitment strategies before starting a major study. Such development work is recommended by the UK Medical Research Council [85] and has been used successfully in other medical research settings [86]. We would also recommend that researchers clearly describe whether their sample is representative of the population of interest as recommended by the extended CONSORT guidelines[87].
Further research on age related barriers would be beneficial as little information was found on this. Other factors that may also be important barriers to participation such as level of education and socio-economic deprivation could also be explored in future research.
There is little evidence on which recruitment strategies are effective for increasing rates of participation but studies did identify clear barriers which could be addressed by future researchers. For example, addressing difficulties with transportation is a clear and practical way to facilitate recruitment. Stigma, fear, and distrust were consistently found to be barriers across studies and consequently attempts to address these would also presumably increase recruitment. Transparency of the research project and a clear explanation of what is expected of participants may go a long way in dispelling fear and distrust. In addition, it is also important and worthwhile to be inclusive of caregivers and family members as in many cases they will be important contributors to decision making in participants' lives. This may also serve to ease some anxieties that prospective participants and their families may have about the impact of the research on the participants' health, and potential benefits. These could include allocation of different strategies in a randomised controlled trial would be beneficial. For example, a comparison of different marketing strategies and recruitment materials (e.g. information sheets) could be done whereby one set of materials uses less mental illness terminology that is potentially stigmatising, to determine if this increases recruitment rates. We would also recommend that researchers clearly describe whether their sample is representative of the population of interest. It is important for researchers to be aware and to try to recruit under-represented groups in future studies to ensure the validity of reported findings are not potentially undermined by sampling bias.
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Wittink MN, Oslin D, Knott KA, Coyne JC, Gallo JJ, Zubritsky C: Personal characteristics and depression-related attitudes of older adults and participation in stages of implementationof a multi-site effectiveness trial (PRISM-E). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2005, 20: 927-937. 10.1002/gps.1386.
Warren PA, Dunn L, Jackson-Clark A: The Medicare Alzheimer's Project in Portland, Oregon. J Long Term Home Health Care. 1991, 10: 20-27.
Boersma F, Eefsting JA, van den Brink W, van Tilburg W: Characteristics of non-responders and the impact of non-response on prevalence estimates of dementia. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1997, 26: 1055-1062. 10.1093/ije/26.5.1055.
Cassidy EL, Baird E, Sheikh JI: Recruitment and retention of elderly patients in clinical trials: Issues and strategies. [References]. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2001, 9: 136-140.
Christensen KJ, Moye J, Armson RR, Kern TM: Health Screening and Random Recruitment for Cognitive Aging Research. Psychology and Aging. 1992, 7: 204-208. 10.1037/0882-7974.7.2.204.
Hinton L, Zweifach M, Oishi S, Tang L, Unutzer J: Gender disparities in the treatment of late-life depression: qualitative and quantitative findings from the IMPACT trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006, 14: 884-892. 10.1097/01.JGP.0000219282.32915.a4.
Nazemi H, Larkin AA, Sullivan MD, Katon W: Methodological issues in the recruitment of primary care patients with depression. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2001, 31: 277-288. 10.2190/Q8BW-RAA7-F2H3-19BF.
Cardemil EV, Kim S, Pinedo TM, Miller IW: Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: the family coping skills program. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology. 2005, 11: 99-112.
Scholle SH, Peele PB, Kelleher KJ, Frank E, Jansen-McWilliams L, Kupfer D: Effect of different recruitment sources on the composition of a bipolar disorder case registry. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2000, 35: 220-227. 10.1007/s001270050231.
Stack JA, Paradis CF, Reynolds CF, Houck PR, Frank E, Anderson B, et al: Does recruitment method make a difference? Effects on protocol retention and treatment outcome in elderly depressed patients. Psychiatry Research. 1995, 56: 17-24. 10.1016/0165-1781(94)02617-R.
Beebe LH: What can we learn from pilot studies?. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2007, 43: 213-218. 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2007.00136.x.
Aranda MP: Racial and ethnic factors in dementia care-giving research in the US. Aging and Mental Health. 2001, 5 (Suppl 1): S116-S123.
Hinton L, Guo Z, Hillygus J, Levkoff S: Working with culture: A qualitative analysis of barriers to the recruitment of Chinese-American family caregivers for dementia research. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2000, 15: 119-137. 10.1023/A:1006798316654.
Bonvicini KA: The art of recruitment. The foundation of family and linkage studies of psychiatric illness. Family Process. 1998, 37: 153-165. 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1998.00153.x.
Howard LM, Leese M, Byford S, Killaspy H, Cole L, Lawlor C, et al: Methodological Challenges in Evaluating the Effectiveness of Women's Crisis Houses Compared With Psychiatric Wards: Findings From a Pilot Patient Preference RCT. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009, 197: 722-727. 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181b97621.
Morgan A, Harris M, Boyce P, Wilhelm K: Has social psychiatry met its Waterloo? Methodological and ethical issues in a community study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1993, 27: 411-421.
Furimsky I, Cheung AH, Dewa CS, Zipursky RB: Strategies to enhance patient recruitment and retention in research involving patients with a first episode of mental illness. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2008, 29 (6): 862-866. 10.1016/j.cct.2008.07.005.
Mastwyk M, Ritchie CW, LoGiudice D, Sullivan KA, Macfarlane S: Carer impressions of participation in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: What are their hopes? And is it worth it?. International Psychogeriatrics. 2002, 14 (1): 39-45. 10.1017/S1041610202008268.
Norton MC, Breitner JCS, Welsh KA, Wyse BW: Characteristics of Nonresponders in a A Community Survey of the Elderly. American Geriatric Society. 1994, 42: 1252-1256.
Roberts LW, Warner TD, Anderson CT, Smithpeter MV, Rogers MK: Schizophrenia research participants' responses to protocol safeguards: recruitment, consent, and debriefing. Schizophr Res. 2004, 67: 283-291. 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00101-4.
Gallagher-Thompson D, Singer LS, Depp C, Mausbach BT, Cardenas V, Coon DW: Effective Recruitment Strategies for Latino and Caucasian Dementia Family Caregivers in Intervention Research. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2004, 12: 484-490.
Skerritt U, Pitt B, Armstrong S, O'Brien A: Recruiting patients for drug trials: A difficult task. Psychiatric Bulletin. 1996, 20 (12): 708-710. 10.1192/pb.20.12.708.
El-Khorazaty MN, Johnson AA, Kiely M, El-Mohandes AA, Subramanian S, Laryea HA, et al: Recruitment and retention of low-income minority women in a behavioral intervention to reduce smoking, depression, and intimate partner violence during pregnancy. BMC Public Health. 2007, 7: 233-10.1186/1471-2458-7-233.
Peindl KS, Wisner KL: Successful recruitment strategies for women in postpartum mental health trials. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2003, 37 (2): 117-125. 10.1016/S0022-3956(02)00086-9.
Hendrie HC: Lessons learned from international comparative crosscultural studies on dementia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006, 14: 480-488. 10.1097/01.JGP.0000192497.81296.fb.
Drake RE, Becker DR, Anthony WA: A research induction group for clients entering a mental health research project. Hospital & Community Psychiatry. 1994, 45: 487-489.
Thompson EE, Neighbors HW, Munday C, Jackson JS: Recruitment and retention of African American patients for clinical research: an exploration of response rates in an urban psychiatric hospital. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 1996, 64: 861-867.
Fritsch T, Adams KB, Redd D, Sias T, Herrup K: Use of live theater to increase minority participation in Alzheimer disease research. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 2006, 20 (2): 105-111. 10.1097/01.wad.0000213806.66811.ea.
Corbie-Smith G, Thomas SB, George DM: Distrust, Race, and Research. Arch Intern Med. 2002, 162: 2458-2463. 10.1001/archinte.162.21.2458.
The National Centre for Public Policy and Research: EPA Sludge Tests a "Modern-Day Tuskegee Experiment" Children in Poor Black Neighborhoods Potentially Imperilled by EPA Studies. 2008, Washington DC, The National Centre for Public Policy and Research, Ref Type: Report
Jones J: Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. 1981, New York: The Free Press
Daley AJ, Winter H, Grimmett C, McGuinness M, McManus R, MacArthur C: Feasibility of an exercise intervention for women with postnatal depression: A pilot randomised controlled trial. British Journal of General Practice. 2008, 58 (548): 178-183. 10.3399/bjgp08X277195.
Howard L, de SI, Tomlin Z, Thornicroft G, Donovan J: Why is recruitment to trials difficult? An investigation into recruitment difficulties in an RCT of supported employment in patients with severe mental illness. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2009, 30: 40-46. 10.1016/j.cct.2008.07.007.
Mason VL, Shaw A, Wiles NJ, Mulligan J, Peters TJ, Sharp D, et al: GPs' experiences of primary care mental health research: A qualitative study of the barriers to recruitment. Family Practice. 2007, 24 (5): 518-525. 10.1093/fampra/cmm047.
Corrigan P: How Stigma Interferes With Mental Health Care. American Psychologist. 2004, 59: 614-625. 10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.614.
Snowden L: Barriers to Effective Mental Health Services. Mental Health Services Research. 2001, 3: 181-187. 10.1023/A:1013172913880.
Teng EJ, Freidman LC: Increasing mental health awareness and appropriate service use in older Chinese Americans: A pilot intervention. Patient Education and Counseling. 2009, 76: 143-146. 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.008.
Mishra SI, Lucksted A, Gioia D, Barnet B, Baquet CR: Needs and Preferences for Receiving Mental Health Information in an African American Focus Group Sample. Community Mental Health. 2009, 45: 117-126. 10.1007/s10597-008-9157-4.
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Fijal BA, Kinon BJ, Kapur S, Stauffer VL, Conley RR, Jamal HH, et al: Candidate-gene association analysis of response to risperidone in African-American and white patients with Schizophrenia. The Pharmacogenomics Journal. 2009, 9: 311-318. 10.1038/tpj.2009.24.
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Donavan J, Mills N, Smith M, Brindle L, Jacoby A, Peters T, et al: Improving design and conduct of randomised trials by embedding them in qualitative research: ProtecT (prostate testing for cancer and treatment) study. British Medical Journal. 2002, 325: 766-770. 10.1136/bmj.325.7367.766.
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D: CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. British Medical Journal. 2010, 340: 697-702. 10.1136/bmj.c332.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/10/103/prepub
This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research, 'Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health', Institute of Psychiatry and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. The funding body had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Section of Women's Mental Health Health Services and Population Research Department, PO31 Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
Anna Woodall, Claire Sloan & Louise Howard
Section of Social Psychiatry Health Service and Population Research Department, PO33 Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
Anna Woodall
Claire Sloan
Louise Howard
Correspondence to Anna Woodall.
CS and AW conducted the literature search and retrieved relevant articles. AW analysed and interpreted the content of the papers. LH and CM made substantial contributions to the interpretation of the data and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors helped draft the document, read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: Appendix 1: Papers included in the systematic review. A list of all references of the papers included in the review. (DOC 36 KB)
Additional file 2: Appendix 2 Table 1: Barriers to recruitment with regards to Schizophrenia. A table summarising the information provided in the papers. (PDF 138 KB)
Additional file 3: Appendix 3: Table 2: Barriers to recruitment with regards to Bipolar Disorder. A table summarising the information provided in the papers. (PDF 56 KB)
Additional file 4: Appendix 4: Table 3: Barriers to recruitment with regards to Depression. A table summarising the information provided in the papers. (PDF 142 KB)
Additional file 5: Appendix 5: Table 4: Barriers to recruitment whereby the Mental Illness is not specified. A table summarising the information provided in the papers. (PDF 103 KB)
Additional file 6: Appendix 6: Table 5: Barriers to recruitment with regards to Dementia. A table summarising the information provided in the papers. (PDF 177 KB)
Woodall, A., Morgan, C., Sloan, C. et al. Barriers to participation in mental health research: are there specific gender, ethnicity and age related barriers?. BMC Psychiatry 10, 103 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-10-103
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-10-103
Recruitment Strategy
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Boy Swallows Universe by Trent Dalton
Brisbane, 1983: A lost father, a mute brother, a mum in jail, a heroin dealer for a stepfather and a notorious crim for a babysitter. It's not as if Eli's life isn't complicated enough already. He's just trying to follow his heart, learning what it takes to be a good man, but life just keeps throwing obstacles in the way - not least of which is Tytus Broz, legendary Brisbane drug dealer.
But Eli's life is about to get a whole lot more serious. He's about to fall in love. And, oh yeah, he has to break into Boggo Road Gaol on Christmas Day, to save his mum.
A story of brotherhood, true love and the most unlikely of friendships, Boy Swallows Universe will be the most heartbreaking, joyous and exhilarating novel you will read all year.
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The Archaeology of Knowledge
Pantheon Books, 1972 - Philosophy - 245 pages
In France, a country that awards its intellectuals the status other countries give their rock stars, Michel Foucault was part of a glittering generation of thinkers, one which also included Sartre, de Beauvoir and Deleuze. One of the great intellectual heroes of the twentieth century, Foucault was a man whose passion and reason were at the service of nearly every progressive cause of his time. From law and order, to mental health, to power and knowledge, he spearheaded public awareness of the dynamics that hold us all in thrall to a few powerful ideologies and interests. Arguably his finest work, Archaeology of Knowledge is a challenging but fantastically rewarding introduction to his ideas. -- Amazon.com.
For it is obvious that statements do not exist in the same sense in which a
language ( langue ) exists , and , with that language , a collection of signs defined
by their contrasting characteristics and their rules of use ; a language in fact is
never ...
Another reason : the ' signifying ' structure of language ( langage ) always refers
back to something else ; objects are designated by it ; meaning is intended by it ;
the subject is referred back to it by a number of signs even if he is not himself ...
formal language ( langage ) . The enunciative level is neutralized each time :
either it is defined only as a representative sample that enables one to free
endlessly applicable structures ; or it disappears into a pure appearance behind
which ...
The unities of discourse
Discursive formations
accepted according already analysis appearance archaeology articulated basis beginning belong called century certain characterized concepts concerned consciousness constitute construction continuity course define definition derivation describe determine discipline discontinuity discourse discover discursive formation discursive practice dispersion domain economic effect elements emergence enunciative established example existence fact field figures formulation function give given grammar hand ideas identity individual knowledge language least less limits linguistic linked logical material meaning methods Natural History never objects once operation organization origin particular period philosophy play political positivity possible present principle problem proposition question reason refer regularity relations remain reveal role rules scientific sentence signs space speaking specific statements status structure succession term theme theoretical theory things thought tion transformations truth types unity various whole
Michel Foucault was born on October 15, 1926, in Poitiers, France, and was educated at the Sorbonne, in Paris. He taught at colleges all across Europe, including the Universities of Lill, Uppsala, Hamburg, and Warsaw, before returning to France. There he taught at the University of Paris and the College of France, where he served as the chairman of History of Systems of Thought until his death. Regarded as one of the great French thinkers of the twentieth century, Foucault's interest was in the human sciences, areas such as psychiatry, language, literature, and intellectual history. He made significant contributions not just to the fields themselves, but to the way these areas are studied, and is particularly known for his work on the development of twentieth-century attitudes toward knowledge, sexuality, illness, and madness. Foucault's initial study of these subjects used an archaeological method, which involved sifting through seemingly unrelated scholarly minutia of a certain time period in order to reconstruct, analyze, and classify the age according to the types of knowledge that were possible during that time. This approach was used in Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, for which Foucault received a medal from France's Center of Scientific Research in 1961, The Birth of the Clinic, The Order of Things, and The Archaeology of Knowledge. Foucault also wrote Discipline and Punishment: The Birth of the Prison, a study of the ways that society's views of crime and punishment have developed, and The History of Sexuality, which was intended to be a six-volume series. Before he could begin the final two volumes, however, Foucault died of a neurological disorder in 1984.
Title The Archaeology of Knowledge
World of man
Author Michel Foucault
Translated by Alan Sheridan
Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern
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07/09/2020 Philadelphia 76ers
Through The Lens: The defining images of Ben Simmons' 2019-20 season
Knocking down his first career 3-pointer. Setting triple-double records. Duels with the NBA's biggest superstars in James Harden, LeBron James, and Kawhi Leonard. All while continuing to break records for Australians in the NBA. These 10 images that tell the story of Ben Simmons' 2019-20 season ... so far.
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By Yash Matange
Ben Simmons (NBAE/Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/f1/81/ben-simmons-070920-ftr-nbae-gettyimages_1ekvyf4lzh8rc1llwzzrt4rzbm.jpg?t=927588915&w=500
A picture is worth a thousand words... in this case, literally! In the leadup to the NBA's restart, NBA.com's series 'Through The Lens' will revisit the biggest moments from the biggest players to help set the stage for the return of the season in Orlando.
This time, it's the Aussie young superstar Ben Simmons.
The 2019-20 season has undeniably been a great campaign for Simmons.
Averaging 16.7 points, a career-high 8.2 assists, 7.8 rebounds, and a league-leading 2.1 steals while shooting a career-best 58.5% from the field over 54 games, the 22-year-old has evolved into one of the best defenders in the league. He has displayed signs of maturity by sometimes single-handedly leading his team to victories over competitive playoff teams by going to toe-to-toe with the opponent's best player.
The 76ers enter the season restart in Orlando as the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference but they have plenty of reason for optimism. The biggest being that the time off has given their All-Stars - Joel Embiid and Simmons - the time to get back into playing condition.
But before we look ahead, here are 10 images that highlight some of the memorable moments of Simmons' 2019-20 season.
Ben Simmons' first career 3-pointer (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/fb/3/ben-simmons-3-pointer_uz4xan8hrp91tvs3r49iv0g2.jpeg?t=863524915&w=500
01 First career 3-pointer
October 8, 2019 - Ben Simmons knocked down his first career 3-pointer in the Philadelphia 76ers' preseason game against the Guangzhou Long-Lions.
In his first two seasons, the 6-10 point guard had never made a single 3-pointer in 18 attempts (regular season and playoffs). So, while it was just in a preseason game, this was a huge moment as it temporarily put to rest the talk of Simmons' long-range shooting struggles.
From zero in his first two seasons, he has gone 2-of-6 (33.3%) from distance in his first 54 games of the regular season. While he's still not taken as many shots as many might want, Simmons has shown the All-Star calibre strength of his game even without the 3-point shot.
Ben Simmons vs. Cavaliers (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/f9/c7/ben-simmons-vs-cavs_nbu9qqeo9yzo13zrkxmkot71z.jpeg?t=890393363&w=500
02 A new career-high in BIG home win
December 7, 2019 - Ben Simmons recorded a career-high 34 points, leading the Philadelphia 76ers to a dominant 141-94 victory against the visiting Cleveland Cavaliers.
With Joel Embiid out for this game, the Aussie recorded seven assists, three rebounds, and two blocks while shooting an efficient 12-of-14 from the field. He finished with a game-high +32 in his 26 minutes of action, helping the hosts improve their unbeaten home record to 11-0.
During this rout, Simmons also knocked down his first career 3-pointer that was either in the regular season or playoffs.
Ben Simmons vs. Pistons (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/6f/d4/ben-simmons-vs-pistons_1kcwntatm5nc01s6dx1wwygay7.jpeg?t=891527523&w=500
03 Simmons sets a new career-high in assists
December 23, 2019 - Ben Simmons dished out a career-high 17 assists, part of a triple-double, as the 76ers comfortably defeated the Detroit Pistons 125-109.
In 37 minutes, he finished with 16 points, 13 rebounds, and 17 assists. He became the first 76ers player since Wilt Chamberlain in 1968 to record at least 16 points, 17 assists and 13 rebounds.
Ben Simmons vs. Heat (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/75/5d/ben-simmons-forces-ot_1c2uzau8guhma1s7j8lvl3gte5.jpeg?t=893818947&w=500
04 Forces OT in chaotic final seconds vs. Heat
December 28, 2019 - Off the intentional free-throw miss by Josh Richardson, Ben Simmons comes up with the clutch tip-in to force overtime in a competitive game against the Heat.
His tip-in capped off a chaotic final 25 seconds of regulation.
🚨 Ben Simmons gets the putback to go off the missed free throw
WE'RE GOING TO OT!!!!@sixers 108@MiamiHEAT 108 pic.twitter.com/5JiWaWdUXp
- NBA Australia (@NBA_AU) December 29, 2019
Although the 76ers eventually lost 109-108 in overtime, the tip-in to force overtime was one of the few clutch shots of Simmons' young career. Playing a team-high 43 minutes, he finished with all-round numbers of 15 points, 11 assists, seven rebounds, and three steals.
Ben Simmons vs. Rockets (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/36/44/ben-simmons-and-james-harden_wcx7v76zyo0n1hmu939iy8tnx.jpeg?t=893917555&w=500
05 Duel with Harden en route to triple-double record
January 3, 2020 - In a 118-108 road loss against the Houston Rockets, Ben Simmons was the best player on the floor for the 76ers. Playing a game-high 42 minutes, he finished with team-high tallies of 29 points (13-20 FGs), 13 rebounds, 11 assists, four blocks, and three steals.
While it was arguably his best performance of the season, the Sixers came up short as the Rockets were propelled by James Harden (44 points, 11 rebounds, 11 assists) and Clint Capela (30 points, 14 rebounds).
This was Simmons' 25th career triple-double. He reached that mark in 195 games, third-fastest in NBA history behind Oscar Robertson and Magic Johnson.
Ben Simmons sneakers (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/ea/b4/ben-simmons-bush-fire-tribute-sneakers_10o4erxi8sl511ijirjnhfrmqa.jpeg?t=896202947&w=500
06 Simmons pays tribute to victims of the Australian bushfires
January 3, 2020 - Prior to the game against the Rockets in Houston, where he played one of his best games of the season, Simmons poured his heart out on Twitter.
I'm so sad by the loss our country is currently facing. The images of the raging fires, people, families, firefighters and wildlife are nothing short of terrifying. 12 million acres of land destroyed, human lives lost, animals being wiped out and misplaced with homes and 1/3
- Ben Simmons (@BenSimmons25) January 3, 2020
rebuild when the fires have stopped.
Australia is a strong and resilient country and I urge you all to be brave, kind and compassionate to each other through this extremely hard time. 3/3
He paid tribute to those affected by the disaster in his country by honouring them on his sneakers.
A few days later, he joined the rest of the Australian NBA players to donate $750,000 to aid immediate relief efforts and long-term rebuilding projects.
Ben Simmons vs. Nets (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/43/66/ben-simmons-vs-nets_kokzdiksvlhp13urp8hidkp7v.jpeg?t=896301555&w=500
07 Doing it ALL in big performance vs. Nets
January 20, 2020 - With no Joel Embiid, the 76ers looked to their other All-Star in Ben Simmons to lead them. He did that and then some.
In a game-high 42 minutes, Simmons tied his career-high of 34 points, grabbed 12 rebounds, dished out 12 assists, recorded five steals and two blocks. En route to recording his fourth triple-double of the season, he shot an incredible 12-of-14 from the field.
In a competitive 117-111 win, where the 76ers needed every bit of Simmons' contribution, this was one of the Aussie's best performances of the season.
Ben Simmons and LeBron James (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/33/25/ben-simmons-and-lebron-james_hbgtuqesj3ek11u7cs1u03bss.jpeg?t=899879011&w=500
08 Simmons outplays LeBron and AD in home win
January 25, 2020 - In a game headlined by LeBron James passing Kobe Bryant for third on the all-time scoring list in his hometown of Philadelphia, Ben Simmons took care of business and led the Embiid-less 76ers to an easy 108-91 victory.
Competing against the Lakers' two All-Stars in James and Anthony Davis, Simmons outplayed each of them. He finished with 28 points, 10 rebounds, eight assists, and four steals on 12-of-15 shooting from the field.
He was a game-high +15 in his 41 minutes of action.
Kawhi Leonard and Ben Simmons (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/8c/5b/kawhi-leonard-and-ben-simmons_ssrlay6duewm1bz7sfsj5lqev.jpeg?t=900037427&w=500
09 A triple-double & stellar defense on Kawhi in win vs. Clippers
February 11, 2020 - In the 76ers' final game before the All-Star break, a combined team effort meant that the hosts edged the Clippers 110-103.
Josh Richardson scored 17 of his 21 points in the fourth quarter while Simmons contributed his bit. Recording his sixth triple-double of the season, the former No. 1 overall pick finished with 26 points, 12 rebounds, and 10 assists.
Not to mention his stellar defense on Kawhi Leonard when the two superstars matched up against each other.
Ben Simmons at the All-Star game (NBA Getty Images) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/f/92/ben-simmons-at-the-all-star-game-2020_j0pizgnu2ofn12zy8s7755vtj.jpeg?t=905477427&w=500
10 All-Star recognition once again!
February 16, 2020 - For the second straight season, Simmons was voted in by the coaches for the All-Star Game as a reserve.
This is unchartered waters for Australian NBA players, as Simmons is the lone Aussie in NBA history to ever be selected an All-Star Game.
Representing Team LeBron, he finished with 17 points, six rebounds, five assists, and two steals in 29 minutes of action.
After the All-Star Game, Simmons was sidelined with a back injury that resulted in his suiting up for the 76ers in just one of their 10 games before the season was suspended on March 11. However, during the league's four-month hiatus, the former Rookie of the Year has rehabbed his injured back and his roaring to go.
Can Simmons, Embiid and the 76ers emerge as the dark horse title contenders in the East as the season restarts in Orlando? Only time will tell.
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Running Diary from Sunday's action
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The Utah Jazz defence is back!
Yash Matange
14h ago Utah Jazz
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Kendrick Lamar, Drake, And J. Cole Converge For Trifecta Of Hip-Hop Excellence
A rap trifecta to believe in.
By Andre Grant
Source: Taylor Hill / Getty
Picture three torchbearers of hip-hop converging one day, each in their own pocket, to light up your life for just a moment. That’s what occurred this past Monday (April 16). Surprise announcements piled up, and each artist lets us have a moment in their own special way.
Kendrick Lamar won a Pulitzer Prize, y’all. And it’s arguably of the most important, most improbable kind of awards for a hip-hop artist to win. See, it’s never happened before. The Pulitzer is what you think about when you talk about authors or poets, critics or essayists. In the music category, classical or jazz usually win out, if only because the canon has yet to catch up to the times. But this year was different. K. Dot’s oeuvre includes three classic albums in a row if you’re conservative—four if you’re a real fan— and it speaks volumes that he was recognized for DAMN. Dana Canedy, the Pulitzers administrator, spoke about the achievement in an interview: “The time was right,” she said. “We are very proud of this selection. It means that the jury and the board judging system worked as it’s supposed to—the best work was awarded a Pulitzer Prize.” She went on: “It shines a light on hip-hop in a completely different way. This is a big moment for hip-hop music and a big moment for the Pulitzers.” Perhaps it was the TDE label boss that said it best, though:
Pulitzer Prize winner Kdot from Compton. I bet not ever hear one of you niggas speak with anything less than respect in your mouth for Kendrick Lamar. #TDE
— Punch TDE (@iamstillpunch) April 16, 2018
But the day before Tax Day had more in store than any of us expected. Rumblings of J. Cole having a surprise concert at Gramercy Theatre in New York City left fans scrambling. He performed a ton of new songs and eventually announced that they were tracks from his next album. Called KOD, Cole put the announcement for the secret listening up on Twitter just a few hours before he showed up on stage. In the era of the surprise drop, this was more than welcome. And, he’s not done. Today, he’s doing another listening at a secret location. The album drops on 4/20.
London. Meet me here today. First come first serve. pic.twitter.com/tPqnY6AE2x
— J. Cole (@JColeNC) April 17, 2018
Then, as if not to be outdone, Drake also announced he was coming out with a new album. Draped in a black jacket on Instagram, Drizzy let it out that the album will be coming in June after dropping three loose tracks that have already taken the world and the charts by storm.
📀 JUNE 2018
A post shared by champagnepapi (@champagnepapi) on Apr 16, 2018 at 11:37am PDT
Music critic Craig Jenkins called “Nice For What” an “act of image reform” in an article for Vulture. He went on to ask some important questions: “Is Drake just falling in line with pop’s unspoken wokeness mandate, or is he genuinely interested in change? Does it even matter if the product feels good and gracious? I’m not so sure anymore.” We’re not sure either, but we are chomping at the bit.
Drake , j. cole , Kendrick Lamar , KOD , nl , pulitzer prize , Scorpion
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