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Home News Sony Launches RX100 VI Compact Camera in India At Rs 99,990
Sony Launches RX100 VI Compact Camera in India At Rs 99,990
After announcing it in the US last month, Sony has launched its Cyber-shot DSC-RX100 VI (model DSC-RX100M6) compact camera in India. The device comes with a Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T lens with an f/2.8 – f/4.5 aperture and 24-200mm focal length. The lens has two extra-low dispersion (ED) aspherical glass elements and eight aspherical lens elements including four AA (advanced aspherical) elements to enable both 24-70mm and 70-200mm focal lengths.
Sony RX100 VI Specifications and Features
The device also apparently comes with a 0.03-second auto-focus speed that the company is claiming to be the fastest in the world. The Fast Hybrid AF system also has 315-point focal-plane phase-detection auto-focus (PDAF) points that are said to cover as much as 65 percent of the sensor.
The camera also comes with contrast detection auto-focus and optical image stabilization as part of the company’s proprietary Optical SteadyShot technology. The RX100 VI has 3-inch LCD touch-screen panel that can be tilted 180-degrees upward and 90-degrees downward. It also has built-in support for Wi-Fi and NFC.
The DSC-RX100 VI sports a 20.1MP 1.0-type stacked Exmor RS CMOS image sensor with DRAM chip and an upgraded BIONZ X image processor with a front-end LSI that the company claims “maximizes processing speed and optimizes image quality in all shooting environments”.
The DSC-RX100 VI can also shoot at up to 24fps with full AF/AE tracking, with a buffer limit of up to 233 images. It also comes with 4K HDR video recording, and can also shoot super slow-mo videos at 240fps, 480fps and 960fps.
The Sony RX100 VI has been priced in India at Rs. 99,990, which is significantly more than the US price of $1,199. It will go on sale starting July 6 through all Sony Center outlets, Sony authorized dealers, and major electronic stores across the country.
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Obituaries Latest News | Moon Landing | Bangor Metro | Susan Collins | Today's Paper
Donald Paul Stratton
| BDN
AUGUSTA – Donald Paul Stratton was born December 12, 1928, in Reading, Massachusetts, to Charles Pettengill and Ruth Orcutt Leavis Stratton. He was predeceased by his brother, Dick; and his parents. He died at home on April 24, 2016, and is survived by his wife, Sheila; his cherished daughters, Anya, Abigail and Meredith; niece, Dian Stratton; nephews, Jim and Pete Stratton; several great-nephews, great-great-nieces, stepsons and grandchildren.
Don lived in Bangor, Maine, from infancy until age nine when his family moved back to Reading. He graduated from Reading High School in 1946. One of his passions was research, a passion which lasted his lifetime. Another was music. He was given a trumpet when he was nine and he played his first paid gig at age fourteen.
After high school, Don moved to Boston where he joined the Boston Musician’s Union at age sixteen and was a dues paying member until his death. He eventually commuted to NYC for gigs while still living in Boston and moved to Brooklyn in 1951. Don chose to be a professional sub, which got him gigs and recording session with many great musicians and bands such as Tony Pastor, Charlie Parker, Phil Woods, Herbie Mann, Lester Young and many more. He subbed at venues including Birdland, Radio City Music Hall and played in the pit on Broadway for “Bye Bye Birdie,” “Once Upon a Mattress,” and “Hello Dolly.” He toured with bands large and small up and down the east coast.
While living in NYC in the ’60s, Don became a student at Manhattan School of Music (MSM) where he got his BA and MA in Music Theory, then became the school’s registrar. Together with brother Yusef Lateef, Don helped initiate MSM’s jazz program. While he was still a student, Don arranged and produced a concert which included Gregorian chants and historical music for voice and instruments. He also established a program at MSM for sight impaired musicians.
In the early ’70s Don returned to Bangor to teach music theory and composition at the University of Maine at Orono. At his students’ request he agreed that if they would do the work, he would lead the 20th Century Music Ensemble, a touring big band playing his and their own compositions and arrangements. While professor of music at UMO, Don also organized and presented “Phuong! A Requiem for Maine KIA/MIA in Vietnam.” It was performed from bridges and towers across Bangor by 280 musicians. Don was active in the community, founding the “Bagel Shop Trio,” performing weekly with his quartet at the Hilton at Bangor International Airport, as music director for Bangor Community Theatre’s “Kismet,” and working to keep Eastern Maine Medical Center from turning upper Hancock Street into a parking lot.
In 1992, Don moved to the University of Maine at Augusta as a professor in the Jazz and Contemporary Music Program, teaching trumpet, advanced music theory, composition, and improvisation.
After retirement, Don continued to teach private students and to compose for himself and for colleagues, as well as arranging music for Augusta’s Unitarian Universalist Community Church Occasional Orchestra (UUCCOO). In 2014 Don composed “KTAADN,” based on Thoreau’s “The Maine Woods,” which was presented at Bangor Public Library. His original compositions are archived at BPL.
Don will be remembered by all his friends and family as an avid learner and deep thinker; a man with generosity of spirit, compassion, and a sense of humor. Friends and family will gather at his home on May 22nd. Remembrances may be given in his name to: Augusta Children’s Discovery Museum, Augusta UUCC and HOSPICE.
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Bernie Wyman dies at 80 while serving his 25th year on Bath City Council
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Tag Archives: Tom Lynch
Tom Lynch’s Broom
In 1905 Chicago White Sox outfielder Jimmy “Nixey” Callahan talked about his first season in Chicago in 1897 in an article distributed by “Newspaper Enterprise Association” to several newspapers across the country:
“’Bill’ Lange, who is now a prosperous real estate dealer in Frisco, and former Umpire Tom Lynch, who is a theatrical magnate in New Britain, Conn., were sworn enemies of the diamond. On the ball field Lynch insisted on being addressed as ‘Mr. Lynch’ and was probably the strictest disciplinarian that ever wore a mask.
“We were playing in Boston with the old Chicago club, under (Cap) Anson, and noticed that the broom used to brush the plate was always kept or thrown over to our side, due to some superstition of other on the part of the Boston players to have it on the visitors’ side. Lange was leading off about the fifth inning and as he walked to the plate he picked the broom up and threw it over on the Boston side. (Hugh) Duffy, who was then captain of the Boston nine, threw it back. One of our players ran from the bench and hurled the broom over to the Boston side. The large crowd began to see the humor of the situation and began cheering the players as the broom passed back and forth. Lynch stopped the game and as a truce umpired the rest of the game with the broom in his possession. The next day the broom was missing and Mr. Lynch carried a small whisk broom in his pocket.”
National League President Thomas Lynch
During the same series, Callahan said:
“Lange’s method of annoying Lynch was artistic. When at bat or passing Lynch he would say” ‘Don’t you think Boston will win today Mr. Lynch? Or ‘Don’t you think Boston will win the pennant Mr. Lynch? Would you as a disinterested party like to see Boston win, Mr. Lynch?’ Never giving Lynch a chance to fine him by being vulgar or noisy, Lange would not stop walking when addressing him, ever.
“He would have Lynch furious, but as he kept within the bounds Lynch was forced to take his medicine.”
Five years later, after Lynch had been named president of the National League; Lange retold the broom story to a reporter and said:
“After the damage had been done I suggested that we compromise by allowing one half the handle to lie on one side of the plate and the other half on the other.”
Years later, another National League umpire, George Barr, told a reporter for The Associated Press that the umpire’s whisk broom was “The most important thing, he possessed on the field:
“That little whisk-broom which most of the fans and players, too, believe is carried around to keep the plate free from dust is actually the symbol of authority the umpire has over the game.
“So when you are working behind the plate, stride up to the old pan and give her a vigorous dusting, even if the thing’s as clean as a whistle. That’s to let the fans and players know you’re in charge of the game—that you’re the official representative of the league which, in fact, you are.”
Tags: Bill Lange, Boston Beaneaters, Cap Anson, Chicago Colts, George Barr, Hugh Duffy, National League, Nixey Callahan, Thomas Lynch, Tom Lynch
“Atlanta’s Baseball Bullies”
During the 1885 season, Lewis Henke of the Southern League’s Atlanta Atlantas was killed during a game; the death was attributed to on-field rowdyism by the Southern press who hoped the death of the popular player would help end brawling behavior in the league.
In January of 1886, the Atlantas hired a new manager, William Aloysius “Blondie” “Billy” Purcell. Purcell had split the 1885 season between the Philadelphia Athletics in the American Association and the Boston Beaneaters in the National League, hitting .279 in 87 games. The Sporting Life said:
“Billy will make a good manager, and is capable of securing a team—even at this late date—to win the championship. “
William “Blondie” Purcell
Purcell came to Atlanta with an excellent reputation, The Philadelphia Inquirer described him as being “Of a genial, happy disposition,” who was very popular when playing for the Athletics, and in 1883 and ’84 as a member of the Quakers.
That changed quickly, just two weeks into the season The Macon Telegraph said under the headline “An Alleged Conspiracy against Purcell,” that the new manager had incurred the wrath of his players by “ruling the team with an iron hand.”
After the rough start, the team appears to have turned their wrath towards their opponents and became the most hated team in the league.
Over the course of the next four months, Southern papers chronicled the bad behavior of the Atlanta squad.
It started with a game against the Charleston Seagulls when Purcell was accused of cheating, The Charleston News and Courier said:
“Manager Purcell was playing in the left field and the Charleston team was at the bat. During the inning one of the Charleston team batted a ball to left field. It went over the fielder’s head and, after striking the fence, rebounded and then went into the ditch. The fielder started for it, but after running only a short distance took a ball from his shirt pocket and through it to the diamond. The remarkable rapidity with which the ball was fielded was loudly applauded at the time…The fielder subsequently went to the ditch, picked up the ball and tossed it in the diamond…The incident was witnessed by several people, and the statement can be substantiated if the proof is demanded.”
Cheating turned to “bullying” as the season progressed.
The Savannah Times dubbed the team “Purcell’s Plug-Uglies,” and said of them after a July game:
“From the start of the game yesterday the Atlantas began their rowdyism, (Tom) Lynch was running to first in the first inning, the ball got there just ahead of him, Lynch deliberately struck (Jim) Field with his fist…from then on the whole team began to kick and try to hack the umpire. In this Purcell was ably assisted by (John “Monk”) Cline and (John “Cub”) Stricker, two of the rowdiest ball players that have been seen on our field…The conduct of the Atlanta club was most reprehensible, and has placed them in an exceedingly unenviable light.”
Tom Lynch, one of Atlanta’s bullies
Earlier that month after a couple of close wins over the Seagulls, The News and Courier again criticized the Atlantas saying the team “ought to be kicked out of the league,” and said:
“(T)here was an immense crowd present to witness the game, but their afternoon’s pleasure was completely spoiled by the disgusting behavior of the visitors, whose kicking and sharp practices are sufficient to drive any respectable audience from a ball field.”
After another game in Charleston, The News and Courier said Purcell’s team used “blasphemous and obscene language,” and:
“Those who attended the game this afternoon are outspoken in their condemnation of the disgraceful behavior of the Atlanta team, and declare that either they should not be allowed to continue in the league, or that they should be made to behave themselves at least decently in the presence of the communities where they have to play.”
The Macon Telegraph called the team “Atlanta’s Baseball Bullies,” and said after a game in which Purcell was fined $10 “for his ungentlemanly remarks,” that Atlanta played “good ball,” but that it was “marred” by their conduct. The paper also said:
“The Atlanta team is evidently akin to the bulldozing idea. The bullies and braggarts who compose the team have evidently been taught that an umpire is a very insignificant personage and to be influenced by blackguardism.”
Similar charges of “rowdyism” and “bullying” were made throughout the season.
The Atlanta Constitution saw nothing wrong with the team and blamed the criticisms from the papers in other Southern Association on “jealousy” over the team’s success.
With Atlanta holding on to a small lead for the league championship, the most serious charges would wait until the final weeks of the season, and include two of Atlanta’s most prominent citizens …tomorrow.
Tags: American Association, Atlanta Atlantas, Blondie Purcell, Boston Beaneaters, Charleston Seagulls, Cub Stricker, Jim Field, Lewis Henke, Monk Cline, National League, Philadelphia Athletics, Philadelphia Quakers, Southern Association, Tom Lynch
Grayson S. “Gracie” Pierce played parts of three seasons in the major leagues and was a National League umpire selected to preside over the final game of the 1886 championship series. It went downhill from there.
Pierce was born in New York City in 1860. Nearly every contemporaneous newspaper account referred to him as “Grace,” not “Gracie.”
Grayson Pierce
Pierce hit .186 playing for five different teams in the American Association and National League during his brief big league career; he was only slightly more successful during his single minor league season playing with the Hartford Babies and Binghamton Bingoes in 1885.
During his playing career there are references to Pierce occasionally serving as an umpire in college and professional games, and according to The Cincinnati Commercial he worked as a longshoreman in New Orleans each winter; he became a National League umpire in 1886,
In October of 1886, The Chicago White Stockings of the National League met the St. Louis Browns in the 1886 World Series. Pierce was selected to serve as umpire in game 5, but according to The St. Louis Globe- Democrat, “(H)e was not on the grounds, as a long search revealed.”
Pierce got his chance the following day—with St. Louis leading the series 3-2, he was again selected to serve as umpire. It didn’t go well for the White Stockings or Pierce.
Chicago blew a 3-0 lead in the eighth inning and lost the game in the tenth. Pierce’s performance was universally panned. The Globe-Democrat said:
“For Umpire Grace Pierce of the League staff had been selected. His judgment was weak and his decisions throughout the game gave rather poor satisfaction.”
The Globe-Democrat’s assessment was echoed elsewhere as well. The Chicago Inter Ocean said that among the crowd:
“There was much loud talking and opinions of Pierce were quite freely expressed.”
Pierce was not a member of the National League staff the following year and instead worked in the International Association. In September, a variety of charges were made against Pierce by the owner of the Syracuse Stars. The complaint, filed with the league, said Pierce was drunk at games in Syracuse and Newark, and also claimed as reported by The Rochester Post-Express:
“(Pierce) had forced Con. Murphy (Cornelius Murphy) to drink against the latter’s will and that he took (Tom) Lynch out of bed at 10 o’clock at night and started out ‘to do the town’ both returning in the morning ‘boiling drunk.’”
Pierce denied the charges saying Murphy concocted the story after Pierce had ejected him from a game and fined him $3 in Newark. The Post-Express sided with Pierce and said:
“Grace is not a total abstainer, but in his long career on the ball field he has never been charged with drunkenness. So far as Con. Murphy is concerned it has never been known before that he would have to be forced to take a drink.”
As for the charges regarding the drinking binge with Lynch, Pierce said:
“I was going home I found Lynch drunk in the street, I took him home and put him to bed.”
There is no record of what became of the charges, but Pierce did continue working as an umpire on the East Coast through the 1891 season.
The Sporting Life reported that Pierce did not have a position with a league for the 1892 season.
He disappeared for two years and was not heard from again until July of 1894 when The New York Times reported:
“(Pierce) formerly a baseball player and umpire, was arraigned before Justice Burke in the Harlem Police Court yesterday morning charged by Barney Brogan a liquor saloon keeper…with stealing $35 from his cash drawer after the saloon was closed.”
Pierce, who The Brooklyn Daily Eagle described as being “in a half-dazed condition” in court, denied the charges but was unable to post the $1000 bond. He was sent to Blackwell’s Island (the prison located on what is now Roosevelt Island). He became ill and died at City Hospital on Blackwell’s Island six weeks after his arrest.
City Hospital, Blackwell’s Island
Tags: American Association, Binghamton Bingoes, Chicago White Stockings, Cornelius Murphy, Gracie Pierce, Hartford Babies, International Association, National League, St. Louis Browns, Syracuse Stars, Tom Lynch, World Series
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Boone Hs » Clubs » Brave Clubs » NJROTC » NJROTC Instructors
Lieutenant Commander Robert Strange
Senior Naval Science Instructor
Lieutenant Commander Robert A. Strange is a native of Orlando, Florida, and a 1984 graduate of William R. Boone High School. He is graduate of Troy University with a Bachelor Science in Resource Management. He enlisted in the US Navy on September 30, 1987 through the Naval Aviation Cadet program and attended Aviation Officer Candidate School from August to December 1988. He transferred to VT-3 at NAS Whiting Field to begin Primary Flight Training in the T-34C. After completion of Intermediate Flight Training he was transferred to South Whiting Field and began advanced helicopter training in the TH-57B/C. On June 12, 1990 upon completion of his last flight he was commissioned and Ensign and earned his Naval Aviator “Wings of Gold” at NAS Whiting Field on June 22, 1990. After getting married on July 28, 1990 he transferred to HS-1 in Jacksonville, FL and began the training in the SH-3H Sea King. In February 1991, he reported to HS-9 “Sea Griffins” in Jacksonville, FL and deployed aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) and USS Saratoga (CV-60) in support of Operations Desert Storm, Provide Comfort and Provide Promise.
Following HS-9, LCDR Strange reported to the HT-8 for duty as a Flight Instructor at NAS Whiting Field. He was recognized as the Flight Instructor of the Year for 1994. He was selected by Commander Naval Air Training Wing FIVE for duty as a Flight Instructor at the TH-57 Helicopter Instructor Training Unit. In 1997, he departed active duty and joined the Naval Reserves. In 1999, LCDR Strange began drilling with the US Naval Reserve Center in Orlando, FL. In March 2000 he was assigned to the USS JOHN F. KENNEDY (CV-67) at NS Mayport, FL. In November 2010 he transitioned to the SH-60F at HS-10 in San Diego and then moved on to HS-75 where he completed numerous Detachments onboard multiple aircraft carriers. After 9/11, LCDR Strange reported back to active duty and Destroyer Squadron TWO-SIX onboard the USS GEORGE WASHINGTON (CVN-73) for duty as DESRON Air Operations Officer. He again deployed to the Arabian Gulf, in support of Operation ENDURING FREEDOM. In March 2010 he reported to Monterey, CA for Aviation Safety School. He subsequently reported to NAS Jacksonville, FL in 2004 as the Aviation Safety Officer. In 2007, he reported to USS HARRY S. TRUMAN (CVN-75) for duty as Asst. Air Operations Officer deploying in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. In July 2009, he reported back to NAS Jacksonville, FL, as the Assistant Air Operations Officer and Aviation Safety Officer.
His awards include the Meritorious Service Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal (four awards), Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal (four awards), as well as numerous unit, campaign and service awards.
LCDR Strange retired from active service in 2012 and taught as the Senior Naval Science Instructor at Freedom High School until 2017. From 2017 to the present LCDR Strange has been the Navy JROTC Senior Naval Science Instructor at Boone HS.
1st Sgt Gustavus O. Wilson Sr.
Hometown: Orlando FL.
May 25 1978 – I Enlisted into the United State Marines Corps as a Private then was ship off to MCRD Parris Island SC. Then I was assigned to 3rd Battalion 8th Marine Camp Lejeune NC from 1978 – 1981. Then was assigned to MCRD Parris Island as a Marksmanship Instructor from 1981 – 1983. Then was a assigned to Camp Lejeune NC 2nd Battalion 2nd Marines from 1983 – 1986. Then was assigned to 3rd Battalion 3rd Marines 1st Marine Brigade from 1986 – 1989. Then was assigned to MCRD San Diego as a Drill Instructor from 1989 – 1991. Then was assigned to 3rd Battalion 8th Marines from 1991 – 1994. Then was assigned to 1st Marine Air Wing unit Okinawa Japan as a Squadron Gunny from 1994-1997. Then was assigned to 7th Communication Battalion HQ Company as a First Sergeant from 1997 – 1998. Then was assigned to I&I Staff Huntsville AL. from 1998 – 2001. Retired from the Marines Corps on August 30, 2001.
I was promoted to rank of private on May 25 1978 also promoted to the rank of private first class on November 1, 1978. Then on June 1, 1979 I was promoted to the rank of Lance Corporal. On July 1, 1980 I was promoted to the rank of Corporal. On September 1, 1982 I was promoted to the rank of Sergeant. On October 1, 1987 I was promoted to the rank of Staff Sergeant. On July 1, 1993 I was promoted to the rank of Gunny Sergeant. On August 1, 1997 I was promoted to the rank of First Sergeant.
Squad Leader Course from May 1979 to Jun 1979. Platoon Leader Course from June to 1983 September 1983. Staff Academy from January 1988 to March 1988. Advance Staff Academy from May 1995 to July 1995. First Sergeant Course from June 1998 to July 1998.
Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Achievement Medal w/ Gold Star, Good Conduct Medal w/ Silver and two Bronze Star, Marine Unit Expedition Ribbon, National Defense Medal, Armed Forces Services Medal, Overseas Ribbon w/Silver Star and two Bronze Stars, Arctic Service Ribbon, and NATO Ribbon.
Wife Nita M. Wilson, Daughter Renita L. Wilson, Son Gustavus O. Wilson Jr.
Civilian School
Columbia College AA Degree completed in Oct 2010.
Petty Officer First Class (RET) Vleet C. Roberts II a native of Orlando, Florida, has been a member of the Boone NJROTC Team since October 2016. An Air Traffic Controller for 20 years his tour of duty locations include Hawaii, California and, Florida. He served aboard the USS Tarawa, out of San Diego California, deploying throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Petty Officer Roberts attended Dr. Phillips and Oak Ridge High schools as a student. Graduate of University of Oklahoma, he is an energetic and engaging faculty member and instructor. He enjoys spending time with family and helping in the community with his wife Felicia and daughter Kale’a.
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Tag Archives: feed in tariff
VIETNAM – RENEWABLE ENERGY – NEW FEED IN TARIFFS FOR WIND ENERGY – AMAZING DEVELOPMENT – SOLAR POWER – SPECIAL POLICY FOR NINH THUAN AND ONGOING DRAFT POLICY
September 7, 2018 Vietnam - Generalfeed in tariff, Ninh Thuan, renewable energy, Solar energy, vietnamOliver Massmann
RECENT DEVELOPMENT
Until June 2018, approx. 286 solar power projects of total capacity of 19,300 MW have been submitted to the licensing authorities to be supplement to the Power Master Plans, but only 100 projects have been approved (approx. 4,700 MW). We also note that 90% projects are still in other licensing processes such as application for investment registration license, construction permit, etc.
At least 10 solar power projects that investors have signed PPAs with EVN recently. By end of September 2018, the first solar energy project will connect to the national power grid (35 MW in Hue province).
With regards to the remaining projects have not yet been included in the Power Master Plans, the Deputy PM Trinh Dinh Dung has decided and instructed that MOIT must consider and approve to addition if such solar energy projects satisfy one of the following conditions:
• MOIT has completed the investigation process of the application to supplement to Power Master Plan of such project; or
• Projects have submitted the application to supplement to Power Master Plan to MOIT and such projects are located in provinces that have potential to develop solar energy projects.
SPECIAL POLICY ONLY FOR NINH THUAN – NOT FOR OTHER PROVINCES
On 31 August 2018, the Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc issued Resolution 115/NQ-CP (“Resolution 115”) to finally decide that the commercial operation date (COD) deadline (previously 30 June 2019) for solar projects in Ninh Thuan province to enjoy the 9.35 US cents feed in tariff has been extended to the end of 2020. This extension applies to those solar energy projects approved in the relevant Power Master Plan. Resolution 115 took effect on 31 August 2018 and lays to rest the badly kept secret that Ninh Thuan, a literal hot spot for solar projects, will enjoy more favorable terms than projects in other locations which remain bound to the 30 June 2019 COD deadline (as noted below).
NEW REGULATIONS FOR SOLAR ENERGY PROJECTS AFTER 30 JUNE 2019?
The Government will issue new FIT and new PPA for projects coming into operation after 30 June 2019. Such new FIT will be much more lower than the current one (verbally confirmed by Mr. Nguyen Ninh Hai, Deputy Director of New and Renewable Energy Department, MOIT).
The Government is now also working on a Competition Auction System for solar power projects that may be completed at around the 2020. The new FIT will be applied only until the Competition Auction System is decided and implemented.
ON GOING DRAFT POLICY ON NEW FIT FOR WIND ENERGY PROJECTS
MOIT has proposed the below a new and very promising FIT for wind energy projects to PM for his consideration and approval:
o FIT for Onshore project: 8.5 cents
o FIT for Offshore project: 9.8 cents
FYI, in current draft available to us, onshore and offshore projects are defined as below:
“Onshore wind power project means on-grid wind power project that having its wind turbines to be built and operated on inland areas and coastal zones (NB: boundary of such inland areas and coastal zones is the average low water line for 18.6 years)
Offshore wind-power project means on-grid wind power project that having its wind turbines to be built and operated outside inland areas and coastal zones to the sea.”
Please do not hesitate to contact Dr. Oliver Massmann under omassmann@duanemorris.com or any lawyers in our office listing if you have any questions or want to know more details on the above. Dr. Oliver Massmann is the General Director of Duane Morris Vietnam LLC.
VIETNAM – SOLAR POWER BREAKING NEWS – EXTENSION PROPOSAL BY MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INVESTMENT OF DEADLINE FOR FEED IN TARIFF REJECTED – WHAT YOU MUST KNOW
August 1, 2018 Vietnam - Generalenergy, feed in tariff, solar, vietnamOliver Massmann
Last June, the whole solar energy industry rocked (and became excited!) with the news that the Deputy Prime Minister, in one of his meetings with the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) on 20 June 2018, has agreed in principle that the COD extension for solar energy projects under the Decision 11 shall be extended beyond the original deadline of 30 June 2019. According to Vietnam’s political tradition, this development would normally mean the subsequent issuance of official legislation to formalize the decision. One source infomed the market players that the decision for extension would first be issued by end of July for Ninh Thuan projects due to the province’s economic downturn, and by the end of this year, a decision to extend nationwide will follow. On 4 July 2018, the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), in coordination with the MOIT, submitted an official letter No. 4545 (Letter 4545) to the Prime Minister to formally propose the COD extension. That letter 4545 was addressing Ninh Thuan solar energy projects only but market players expected that proposal for nationwide extension would follow very soon.
However, in a rare and unpredictable move, on 26 July 2018, the Government’s Office issued an Official Letter No. 7108 (Letter 7108) to reject the proposal for COD extension for Ninh Thuan solar energy projects, without mentioning any rationale behind it or any reference to the Deputy Prime Minister’s in-principle agreement with the MOIT. That means, as a result of Letter 7108, everything under Decision 11 would stay the same, at least for Ninh Thuan solar energy projects.
What remains unclear is whether the MOIT/MPI would continue pushing for a nationwide COD extension, amidst the Letter 7108. One source continues insisting that such a nationwide COD extension (which was planned to go through by end of 2018) is still reviewed by the Prime Minister. From the IPP’s perspectives, it is understandably viewed as a 50/50 decision. A high-yielder would continue go for bigger projects with hope that nationwide COD extension will take place, while others may choose to go with smaller one to ensure the construction time to be secured.
We will keep our clients updated on the development of this saga. Time is of essence now yet everything is still up in the air. For prudent reasons, we would have to advise IPPs to go with smaller projects now for the purpose of plausible construction time. We can help introducing such projects.
Vietnam – Solar Power Breaking News – Possible Extension of deadline for Feed in Tariff (9.35 USD cent per KW) – what you must know:
June 29, 2018 Vietnam - Generalenergy, feed in tariff, investor, lawyer, olivermassmann, solar, vietnamOliver Massmann
The current solar Feed-in-Tariff for on-grid projects in Vietnam is 2,086 Vietnamese dong/kWh (equivalent to 9.35 UScents/kWh) (VAT excluded). According to Decision 11/2017/QD-TTg, this solar FIT applies for projects which come into operation before 30 June 2019 and within 20 years from the commercially operational date (“COD”) (i.e., the date when the solar plant is ready to sell electricity to the buyer – EVN).
However, from our informal high level contact within the MOIT recently, it is very likely that the solar FIT of US9.35 cents/kWh will continue to apply beyond the original COD (i.e. 30 June 2019). The deadline shall be likely extended for another half a year or another year for solar projects across Vietnam, except for projects in Ninh Thuan. This policy is not yet formally adopted but very likely will be publicized at the end of this year.
For solar projects in Ninh Thuan, the COD deadline extension will be longer (i.e. for another one and a half year from 30 June 2019). This is due to the fact that, in Ninh Thuan province, nuclear energy development has been stopped and the Government would like to develop solar energy there to support the province’s economic development.The special policy for solar projects in Ninh Thuan will be coming very soon, according to our MOIT contact. He informed us that the Deputy Prime Minister has already approved this special policy for Ninh Thuan and all await formal procedures.
We will closely monitor to update on any further changes.
Please contact Dr. Oliver Massmann under omassmann@duanemorris.com if you have questions on the topic or any other lawyer in our office listing. Dr. Oliver Massmann is the General Director of Duane Morris LLC.
Vietnam plays a calculated game of risk with new solar PPA
October 3, 2017 Investment in Vietnam, Vietnam - Banking and Finance, Vietnam - Energy, Vietnam - General, Vietnam - Public Private Partnershipsbankability, energy, feed in tariff, investment, power development Vietnam, ppa, renewable energy Vietnam, renewables, risk allocation, solarGiles T. Cooper
Vietnam appears to be betting on gung ho enthusiasm to kick start solar power development rather than taking bold steps to deliver a stable backbone to the industry. It’s a gamble that may pay off in the short term but might also saddle the country with poorly-conceived and under-performing projects in the long term.
To much fanfare, Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT) released Circular 16 in including final template power purchase agreements (PPA) for the solar energy sector. The circular and PPA templates follow a draft issued back in April this year, and are stated to be mandatory templates for utility-scale and rooftop solar projects.
The original draft PPA for utility scale grid projects was met with criticism, and declared non-bankable by most experts and commentators (despite hewing closely to the previously-issued standard PPA for wind projects). Unfortunately, little has changed with the final version of the PPA. Would-be investors raised serious concerns over the amount and type of risk the PPA sought to shift to investors, and the message delivered was that unless the government was willing to address some of the most glaring problems, few reputable foreign solar players and, just as importantly, few reputable financiers would be likely to sign up.
Having largely ignored recommendations provided, the final text does little to inspire confidence. The final PPA does not improve upon the main critical issues highlighted in April. Issues include a lack of measures to compensate producers for interruption in the ability to receive power, force majeure conditions, contract suspension, and settlement of disputes.
Tariff trouble
With the FiT rate of US$0.0935/kWh for grid-connected solar power projects confirmed, Circular 16 goes on to outline that the FiT is available for 20 years to projects, or parts of projects, that reach commercial operation before 30 June 2019.
As with the draft from April, the final PPA does not include any indexation of the FiT to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to address inflation risks. In response to concerns over fluctuating exchange rates, the circular does state that “the FiT for the following year shall be adjusted according to the central exchange rates of the Vietnamese dong against the US dollar announced by the State Bank of Vietnam on the last working day of the preceding year.” Annual adjustment is better than none but it wouldn’t have been difficult to spread adjustments throughout the year.
As a way to offset the relatively low tariff, and inflation risks, investors may be able to benefit from tax exemptions on raw materials and supplies imported for their projects, corporate income tax relief, and an exemption from land rental fees within the first three years of commencing commercial operation.
A risk too far?
Under Decision 11 (which also set the FiT) and the final version of the PPA appended to Circular 16, Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) is responsible for purchasing the entire power output from grid-connected projects at the stated FiT.
However, the PPA relieves EVN from payment obligations in cases where it is unable to take power due to a breakdown of the transmission or distribution grid. With many solar projects currently focused on few central locations, the capacity of existing facilities to absorb power must be a cause of some concern given the PPA’s transfer of such risk to power producers.
Worryingly, the PPA lacks any mechanism to compensate power producers should interruptions happen outside of their control. Not only does the PPA not provide for extension of time in case of force majeure, but if force majeure were to prevent a power producer from meeting its obligations for a year then EVN could unilaterally terminate the PPA with no compensation payable. In such circumstances, the power producer is left alone in the dark.
Such arrangements might be acceptable to projects that manage to negotiate clear ‘take or pay’ terms and/or government guarantees, but it is highly questionable whether and to what extent either of these will be possible in the current climate. As a direct consequence, it is equally questionable to what extent private finance will be prepared to bear the risk, a fact that will prompt capital to seek more favourable conditions in other markets.
Playing by house rules
If the above portends of problems in the relationship with EVN, investors may be further discouraged by the lack of specifics in terms of dispute resolution. The PPA is governed by Vietnamese law and does not itself expressly include the right to agree on international arbitration to resolve disputes, a condition that would typically be considered an important requirement.
As it stands, disputes can be submitted to the Electricity Renewable Energy Department (formerly the General Directorate of Energy) for mediation. If that doesn’t work, there is the option of escalating the issue to the Electricity Regulatory Authority of Vietnam (ERAV) or pursuing litigation in Vietnam’s courts.
The PPA does allow for “another dispute resolution body to be agreed by the parties”, which potentially opens the door for sellers to negotiate with EVN on dispute resolution, including offshore or even domestic arbitration. But it is not clear if EVN will agree to directly amend PPAs to allow for express prior agreement on offshore arbitration or simply open the door for such a discussion at the time of a dispute. Clearly in the latter case the deck is firmly stacked in EVN’s favour.
One step forward… wait and see
The MoIT is well aware of the deficiencies in the PPA and knows that, in its current form, it will not attract the kind of investment Vietnam needs if it is to meet both its energy demands and renewable targets. They know that investors were hoping for some of the shortfalls to have been addressed, and as such the agreement remains – for all intents and purposes – largely unbankable.
On the other hand however, the MoIT is also acutely aware of the significant interest in Vietnam’s solar sector. The vast potential of solar power is there for the taking, with abundant land available for the development of solar farms for first movers. With this in mind, the PPA can be considered an attempt to test the waters – asking how much risk investors are willing to bear in return for a piece of the action.
The MoIT is confident that smaller, nimble players will be attracted to Vietnam and make investments, regardless of the bankability of the PPA on paper. The question truly posed by Circular 16 is: exactly how much risk are investors willing to accept? What better way to test it than in open market conditions? If risk allocation adjustment need to be made in future, the Prime Minister, MoIT and EVN can make them relatively easily.
Ultimately, although the PPA is “final” on paper, the real trick is for investors to work hard and smart to agree adjustments on a project-to-project basis that re-align specific risks in acceptable ways. Each project is a sum of many different elements and successful investors in the early days at least will be the ones that focus their energies on key issues for their projects where they can make meaningful progress. Opportunity vs. risk: Vietnam is playing a calculated game at the dawn of the solar energy sector. Where the chips fall remains to be seen.
For more information about Vietnam’s energy sector, please contact Giles at GTCooper@duanemorris.com or any of the lawyers in our office listing. Giles is co-General Director of Duane Morris Vietnam LLC and branch director of Duane Morris’ HCMC office.
Vietnam’s proposed wind power price hike – is it enough?
September 15, 2017 Investment in Vietnam, Vietnam - Energy, Vietnam - Public Private Partnershipsenergy, feed in tariff, investment, power, power development Vietnam, renewable energy Vietnam, renewables, turbines, wind energyGiles T. Cooper
One of the main criticisms levelled at Vietnam’s wind power sector is the relatively low feed-in tariff (FiT) introduced by the government in 2011. With the country’s rapid growth, energy demand is expected to soar over the coming years. Coupled with international pressure to keep to its greenhouse gas commitments, Vietnam is in desperate need of large-scale and long-term investment in its renewable energy sector.
The buying price of VND1,614/kWh (US$0.078) was set for all land-based projects in the country, with 6.8 cents paid by State-run power monopoly Vietnam Electricity (EVN), and the rest coming from the country’s Environment Protection Fund.
However, the rate, intended to encourage the development of wind power projects, was considered insufficient for investors to recover their investment capital. The tariff is also much lower than in neighbouring Indonesia (US$0.11), Malaysia (US$0.1476) and Thailand (US$0.19).
Change of direction
Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT) has recently proposed an adjustment to the rate, asking the government to raise the buying price for wind power in an effort to help investors cover high input costs. It is hoped that such a move would push foreign firms to develop new wind power projects or expand their existing farms. Accelerated development in this sector is vital if Vietnam is to meet the energy targets it has set for itself, as well as wean the country off dirty and expensive imports of coal.
The ministry has suggested the price be lifted to US$0.087 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) for wind energy projects on land and US$0.0995 cents per kWh for offshore farms. Such a rate would still lag behind regional competitors and the global average of US$0.196 per kWh as reported by the World Energy Commission, but may present a more feasible option to investors.
On top of the off-putting FiT, the number of wind power projects in Vietnam remains low as only wind turbine towers, accounting for 20 percent of production costs, can be produced locally, while investors have to import the remaining components.
Not winding down yet
There’s little doubt about the country’s potential for wind exploitation – according to a World Bank report, 8.6 percent of Vietnam’s land mass is suitable for the construction of wind farms, which would produce sufficient electricity to meet a lot of current and future power needs.
Some of the country’s currently operating wind farms, specifically in the province of Binh Thuan, work with the previously promulgated FiT of US$0.078 per kWh, and the Bac Lieu wind farm enjoys US$0.098 per kWh due to its offshore location.
The MoIT has highlighted these projects as part of the reasoning behind the rate hike. Concerns have been raised by the investors behind the projects over the time it would take to recover their investment capital. In fact, the investors in question had previously requested authorities raise the regulated FiT to $0.095 per kWh, but were unsuccessful.
According to the investor of the Phu Lac wind farm, the first phase of the project, which came into operation in November 2016, has total investment capital of VND1.1 trillion (US$48.4 million). With the existing FiT, it would take around 14 years to recover the investment of just the first phase. Considering the average lifespan of a wind farm is just 20 to 25 years, it’s no wonder that developers are hesitant about breaking ground on new projects.
As of now, there are 48 registered wind power projects with total capacity of 5,000MW in Vietnam, 23 of which have had their pre-feasibility reports approved by the MoIT and are patiently waiting for an increase in the FiT. It remains to be seen whether the suggested increase is enough for the projects to move ahead.
Incremental improvement
The proposal by the MoIT demonstrates an acceptance that despite a range of tax benefits offered to foreign investors including exemptions from customs duties, a preferential corporate tax rate of 10% and income tax and land use fee exemptions, the government’s initial energy strategy proved unappealing to investors. To offset any complaints, the trade ministry has calculated that the price adjustment they are proposing would raise EVN’s production costs by a slight VND0.08 per kWh this year and VND0.23 per kWh in 2019.
Even a light increase in the FiT, as put forward by the MoIT, could stoke some growth in the sector. The attraction of foreign investors capable of producing complicated parts could mean that the localisation ratio is bumped to more than 40 percent. For example, China has reached a localisation ratio of almost 100 percent for their wind power projects, but the selling price of the energy stands at around US$0.08 per kWh.
In summary, the proposed hike seems insufficient to really improve Vietnam’s position as a renewable energy leader in Southeast Asia. The sector remains riddled with problems of transparency and the perpetual presence of giants like EVN is an obstacle for smaller private players looking to enter the market. A meagre FiT does little to neutralise the risks faced by investors and power producers, especially with more promising offers in the region. The silver lining, however, is that authorities are open to change. The MoIT is echoing the concerns of the renewable energy sector, from both established and potential projects, and looking at ways to develop a more favourable climate going forward. Even if they’re not yet blown away by the increase, investors would do well to watch this space.
Solar deals despite doubts: bankable or not, investors dive in
July 11, 2017 Investment in Vietnam, Vietnam - Energy, Vietnam - Generalenergy, feed in tariff, investment, power, ppa, renewables, solar, southeast asia, vietnamGiles T. Cooper
Foreign interest in Vietnam’s solar sector had surged after the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT) announced a solar feed-in tariff (FiT) and a draft solar PPA earlier this year. Concerns over the bankability of the proposed agreement have done little to dampen enthusiasm, with a number of players eager to get a slice of a Southeast Asian success story.
Continue reading Solar deals despite doubts: bankable or not, investors dive in →
The sun rises on Vietnam’s energy sector
June 30, 2017 Investment in Vietnam, Vietnam - Energy, Vietnam - General, Vietnam - Public Private Partnershipsfeed in tariff, investment, power, ppa, renewable energy, renewables, solar, southeast asia, vietnamGiles T. Cooper
Over the past three decades Vietnam has witnessed startling economic success thanks to the country’s openness to international trade and investment. The energy sector in particular has grown rapidly, with abundant hydrocarbons and hydropower resources allowing the country to keep pace with the energy demands of a rising population.
However, there may be clouds on the horizon. The most easily-accessible resources are running out and imports of coal and gas will be increasingly needed to keep industry chugging along. To maintain its high rate of growth Vietnam will be looking for huge investment over the coming years. In order to do this, and keep to its international greenhouse gas commitments, the government has set its sights on some ambitious targets for solar power generation.
Recent decisions issued by the government represent baby steps in this direction. Evidently, there is some enthusiasm for a solar-powered future, but is it enough?
Continue reading The sun rises on Vietnam’s energy sector →
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Tag Archives: New Wave
LA’s Epic Rock & Roll, Fashion & Art Party: Interview with Author Nora Novak
VIEW THE LOS FELIZ CONFIDENTIAL BOOK TRAILER
Whenever she’s asked why so many Millennials and Generation Z men, women and teens continue flocking to the music and style of the 1960s and 1970s, Los Feliz Confidential author Nora Novak has a ready answer: “I think Millennials are recognizing a sense of excitement and freewheeling attitude of that era by listening to classic rock, and streaming movies and documentaries that portray the ‘good times’ they find appealing in a way not found in today’s device-dependent, stressful and more violent world,” she says. “I think the boomers, the internet and the media have had a hand in this, unlike previous generations.”
Nora, who grew up in and currently lives in Newport Beach, is the author of one of the finest scenester memoirs in years, and winner of a 2017 Southern California Book Festival Award. Los Feliz Confidential takes us right inside the classic home in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz where Nora and her boyfriend hosted some of LA’s wildest parties of the 1970s and early 1980s. But their wildness was classed up by the fetching, willowy blonde hostess, whose elegance, glamour, style and love of music turned these parties into something extravagant. With her visual descriptions and deeply honest portrayal of her own feelings, goals and hopes, Nora lures us into a narrative so rhythmic and rich that you can practically hear the songs of the period spinning on her turntable — and the lyrics weaving in and out of the narrator’s heart. If you can’t remember the titles of these memory markers, no worries: she lists them in a back, a clever piece of “soundtracking” the book.
But Los Feliz Confidential is much more than a musical all-nighter put to words. Nora takes us through her rich, complex world that she creates on the fly, as a trendsetting scenester and traveler completely in touch with her native Flemish roots. The fact she was born in Belgium, grew up in the U.S. with her Old World parents but never lost her connection to Flemish culture (but rather dove into and celebrated it), adds to both the perspective and depth of the book. She takes us around the world on her fascinating (and sometimes wild) adventures, one of which she shares in the interview. She also takes us into the crazy all-hours fun of 1970s Los Angeles, and into the glam rock, punk rock, hard rock and early New Wave worlds that she made part of her own. We meet her friends, and again throw ourselves on Sunset Boulevard and into the clubs and scenes that many look back on with deep reverence, while younger generations seek to know more about this time period where freedom, platform shoes, liberation, shoulder pads, creativity, long hair, imagination, art, style, and great music prevailed.
Los Feliz Confidential and Art Damaged Author Nora Novak.
Turning all these experiences and elements into a treasure trove of a memoir was no easy task, but Novak has the chops to pull it off. She’s a fine artist, designer of her fashion line (Noraluxe Loungewear), art gallerist, actress, model, and also the author of the novel Art Damaged. She comes from a very talented family as well. Her mother, Emma Albertina Bogaerts, a lifelong storyteller, is the 105-year-old (not kidding!) newly published author of Emmy: Memoir of a Flemish Immigrant, now available in English and being shopped to publishers in Europe. Nora’s brother, Mark Leysen, is an award-winning art director and fine artist, as well as the author of Klown, his third novel (Traveling Shoes Press) about a late-night talk show host who runs for President. It definitely echoes the present state of the world.
We caught up with Nora recently. To get your Black Friday book shopping chops going, here is what she says about life, L.A., making scenes, and Los Feliz Confidential.
Word Journeys: Los Feliz Confidential is an epic scenester read – the incredible LA music-fashion-art scene and how you and others showcased and helped define it in your travels and daily lives. Could you talk about the amazing chemistry that exists between music, fashion and art, and why it was so definitive of a generation? And still is?
NN: Because that generation (talkin about my ge- generation) experienced an explosive time of cultural change, social mores, pop art and particularly British rock that spawned new looks in fashion as a lifestyle. There was an innovative and artistic energy that changed the way people dressed. The 70’s rock-infused fashion had an element of sensuality and glamour with an edge that I certainly favored and is still being recycled today. Innovative new artists, designers, bands and clubs emerged in L.A. and provided a more artistic expression in fashion. It all played out with the music creating a dazzling decade that many look back on for inspiration today.
A good example is Stephen Spouse collaborating with Debbie Harry in the 80’s and Jeff Koons collaborating with the new Louis Vuitton line today. Music blasts at every fashion collection. I think music, fashion and art have always had an evolving synergy.
WJ: Take us through your writing process for Los Feliz. How did you pare down your countless experiences into a tightly written 200-page book? What themes and points did you emphasize? And tell us about your decision to basically “soundtrack” the book, with songs listed for each chapter.
NN: First of all, I wrote what I could remember! I could have added many more stories, but I chose to keep it moving like the fast pace I was living at the time. I wanted to emphasize the difference of how immigrating here made me feel and my fearless sense of adventure. I tried to be give my stories a visual sense of the fashion and look of things, the easiness of life at that time. Everything I wrote about had music running through my mind, reflecting the time, so I naturally made many musical references. When I finished I was compelled to write a Playlist for each chapter, which I really enjoyed doing.
WJ: What are three of your favorite tales that you share in the book? And the funniest?
NN: Well (spoiler alert!), I do share an interesting story about my relationship with a Jordanian arms dealer and his Ambassador brother. There’s a tale about my first skiing experience – which also proved to be my last – and a humorous girl/girl story. I think the story about an ENT treatment given by my boyfriend’s surgeon dad is hilarious but for me it all seems humorous now. I’m still laughing!
Nora Novak’s fine collage work includes “The Girl from Antwerp”
Cinema Verite at Cannes? It’s red carpet time.
WJ: You are the daughter of a very take-charge, dominant father and a warm, artistic mother. How did that parent combination shape you as both a person and an artist?
NN: My father, although a stern and unpleasant man, instilled a strong sense of discipline and a somewhat sardonic outlook. However, he was responsible for my love of art and photography, for which I am grateful. My mother, on the other hand, emanated femininity, graciousness, a pleasant demeanor and sense of humor. The combination definitely shaped me as an individual and shows up in my work as an artist, as I generally incorporate female photographic images in my glossy mixed-media collages.
WJ: What struck me about your journey is how you took part in the lifestyle and excesses of the day, yet you always seemed to have a sense of who you were and what you wanted. How did you maintain that compass, if you will, of how to go forward?
NN: I readily enjoyed the excess and decadence of the times; it was a Bacchanalian era for rock ’n’ roll. Everything seemed so glamorous and indulgent, and was completely accepted in the L.A. that I knew. I did have goals though, like a working schedule and a sense of enough discipline that probably prevented me from becoming another Hollywood fatality. Many didn’t make it.
WJ: You write of your affinity for Bryan Ferry and Roxy Music. What was it about his voice, music, lyrics, and presence that captivated you? What do you feel musicians today can learn from their predecessors in terms of delivering from heart and soul vs. making a hit?
NN: Bryan Ferry evoked a sultry, seductive kind of singing unique from other rock stars. Not to mention his suave, good looks, elegant style, sophistication and harmonica playing that simply resonated in a big way for me. I thought his music and lyrics quite beautiful and loved his sexy album covers. It seems like everyone can sing today with a huge range and big powerhouse voices, but at the end of the day, it’s generally the more unique voice with soul and a great tune that becomes the hit. The late Amy Winehouse comes to mind.
WJ: You’ve also been creating works of art. Tell us about those.
Nora Novak’s “Nico”, honoring the late New York scenester and Velvet Underground singer. Part of her Femme Fatale collection.
NN: I started a new series, my “Femme Fatale” collection. I just finished three mixed-media collages, that can be seen on my website noranovak.com and will be exhibited soon. I’m thinking about starting another book next year, possibly a sequel to Los Feliz Confidential, picking up where it left off moving into the crazy 80’s.
WJ: Lightning Round: Who are your five favorite authors? Musicians or bands? Artists? Fashion designers?
NN: My favorite authors? When I was young, I would say John Steinbeck and Jack Kerouac. I that progressed to Hunter S. Thompson and Charles Bukowski, and more recently Irvine Welsh and Edward St. Aubyn. Musicians: It’s still Bryan Ferry, Iggy and the Stones and Amy Winehouse, miss her. Artists: Jan Van Eyck, Kees Van Dongen, Mark Rothko, Andy Warhol and Julian Schnabel to name a few. As for designers, Dries Van Noten, Roberto Cavalli, Dolce and Gabbana, love the vintage Halston — and my own Noraluxe Loungewear line, of course!
WJ: Final question: If a musician came up to you and said, “Hey girl, I want to play you one song that speaks to who you are,” what would that song be? And who would be playing it?
NN: Well, I would love it if that musician was Bryan Ferry. I’d request his cover version of Dylan’s “Just Like Tom Thumb’s Blues”, but wait; can I get one with Iggy on vocals, Mick on harmonica and Keith on guitar, and they can play whatever they want?
WJ: Let us cue it up! Thanks so much, Nora, for a fun and enlightening look into an era so wonderfully captured in Los Feliz Confidential.
Filed under Author Platform, Books, Christmas, Creativity, E-books, Featured Websites, History, Interviews, literature, Memoir, Music, Promotions, Reading, San Francisco, Social Issues, Summer of Love, travelogue, Writing, Writing Education
Tagged as 1970s, 1980s, art, authors, Baby Boomers, Barnes & Noble, Belgium, Books, Bryan Ferry, David Bowie, Europe, Flemish, Glam Rock, Iggy Pop, interviews, Jack Kerouac, Laguna Beach, Los Angeles, memoir, Millennials, music, New Wave, Progressive Rock, punk rock, Reading, rock music, Travel
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Boeing Installs High-Energy Laser on Laser Gunship Aircraft
The Boeing Company [NYSE: BA] has installed a high-energy chemical laser aboard a C-130H aircraft, achieving a key milestone for the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration program.
Boeing completed the laser installation Dec. 4 at Kirtland Air Force Base, N.M. The laser, including its major subsystem, a 12,000-pound integrated laser module, was moved into place aboard the aircraft and aligned with the previously-installed beam control system, which will direct the laser beam to its target.
With the laser installed, Boeing is set to conduct a series of tests leading up to a demonstration in 2008 in which the program will fire the laser in-flight at mission-representative ground targets to demonstrate the military utility of high-energy lasers. The test team will fire the laser through a rotating turret that extends through the aircraft's belly.
"The installation of the high-energy laser shows that the ATL program continues to make tremendous progress toward giving the warfighter a speed-of-light, precision engagement capability that will dramatically reduce collateral damage," said Scott Fancher, vice president and general manager of Boeing Missile Defense Systems. "Next year, we will fire the laser at ground targets, demonstrating the military utility of this transformational directed energy weapon."
The program achieved two other major milestones earlier this year. "Low-power" flight tests were completed in June at Kirtland; the ATL aircraft used its flight demonstration hardware and a low-power laser to find and track moving and stationary ground targets. The flight demonstration hardware includes the beam control system; weapon system consoles, which display high-resolution imagery and enable the tracking of targets; and sensors. The low-power laser, a surrogate for the high-energy laser, hit its intended target in each of more than a dozen tests. Also, in late July, the high-energy laser concluded laboratory testing at the Davis Advanced Laser Facility at Kirtland, demonstrating reliable operations in more than 50 firings.
ATL, which Boeing is developing for the U.S. Department of Defense, will destroy, damage or disable targets with little to no collateral damage, supporting missions on the battlefield and in urban operations. Boeing's Advanced Tactical Laser industry team includes L-3 Communications/Brashear, which made the laser turret, and HYTEC, Inc., which made various structural elements of the weapon system.
A unit of The Boeing Company, Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is one of the world's largest space and defense businesses specializing in innovative and capabilities-driven customer solutions. Headquartered in St. Louis, Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is a $32.4 billion business with 72,000 employees worldwide.
Pam Keeton
Boeing Missile Defense Systems
pamela.v.keeton@boeing.com
Marc Selinger
marc.selinger@boeing.com
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The Future of Work: 4 Ways Work Will Change According to Intuit's Chief Talent Officer
An executive at one of the world's most innovative companies provides four predictions about the future of work.
"The workforce is changing massively," says Rick Jensen, Chief Talent Officer at Intuit, a leading provider of business and financial management solutions such as QuickBooks, Quicken and TurboTax.
In 2018, Intuit was recognized as one of the world's most innovative companies, a top 100 company to work for, and a best place to work as voted by employees. It's clear that the Mountain View, CA-based company has a handle on the best practices of work.
During my recent interview with Jensen, I asked him, "What trends will impact the workplace in the next five to ten years?" The below is Jensen's response.
1. Work will be more fluid
In the future, Jensen believes that companies won't be structured the same way. Specific job titles and rigid organizational charts will likely be replaced by" mission-based teams" where employees are enabled and encouraged to move more fluidly across organizations to work on specific jobs or projects.
Fluid organizations will be especially appealing to Generation Z employees as 75 percent of Generation Z would be interested in a situation in which they could have multiple roles within one place of employment.
"No longer will employees sign a contract, get a badge, and work for two years. [Generation Z] are going to question what it is to be an employee. They don't care about a 401k because they won't be around long enough to invest in it," stated the Global Head of Early Talent Acquisition at SAP, Jenn Prevoznik, in my recent interview with her.
2. Work will involve more "gigs"
Mobile technology and ubiquitous connectivity have created a new labor market that goes beyond permanent jobs and is characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work, also known as the "gig economy."
According to Intuit, the gig economy is estimated to be about 34 percent of the workforce and expected to be 43 percent by 2020. As technology continues to cause work cycles to spin faster and project timelines to shrink, the next generation is beginning to have a different view of what it means to be employed.
Jensen predicts companies will need to understand how to tap into this "1099 economy" and the emerging generations that are likely not interested in being tied to one company.
3. Work will be decentralized
Employees thinking they have to be located at a company's headquarters to move their career forward, is a "fixed, old mindset that we have to bust," says Jensen. "[Requiring employees to move to headquarters] doesn't reflect how people want to work and live so we need to adjust."
Thanks to today's technology, employees don't have to be in the same location as their employer. Which is why Millennials and Generation Z are more likely than any other generation to choose a city before they choose a job.
Jensen says Intuit is interested in "finding talent where they are and challenging the infrastructure of the company."
4. Work will be enhanced by data
"Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning is changing how we build products and the customer experience, but it will also change the way we work," says Jensen.
Jensen is optimistic about artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning creating "more opportunity and jobs" in the future. Jensen is interested in finding ways to use data to "enhance learning and development, build leadership capacity faster, and drive positive behavioral trends at work."
Jensen concludes by saying, "The future will be bright as we bring in more technology."
Listen to my full interview with Rick Jensen here.
I help companies better lead, engage, train, and sell to Millennials and Generation Z. If you’d like help solving tough generational challenges inside your organization, click here.
Ryan Jenkins
Internationally recognized speaker and trainer who helps organizations better lead, engage, and market to Millennials and Generation Z. He also shares his top-ranked generational and future of work insights as an Inc.com columnist.
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OK, the catch here is that the article is from November 1949 in which the magazine ranked 46 watch brands in order of their quality and reliability. Consumers Union, the parent organization of the magazine which conducts the actual product testing, did not actually test the watches, but rather surveyed a single "competent watch expert" to rank various watch brands, from best to worst, based on his experience.
The results are anything but scientific (CU would not even publish such an article today), but it sure makes for interesting reading. Not surprisingly, Patek Philippe, Vacheron & Constantin, and Audemars Piguet, were ranked first, second, and third, respectively. But the next 43 brands present an interesting snapshot of one "expert's" opinion that could easily have been debated at the time, and certainly would be debatable today, given which brands are most desired by collectors, versus those brands that have disappeared into obscurity.
For example, C.H. Meylan, and Touchon ranked fourth and fifth, and today are virtually unknown except for a select group of collectors who are into obscure high-end brands. The first American brand that made the list was Hamilton, at number nine. Elgin was next, at number 18, and Waltham didn't even make the list. Lonville, which distributed watches with inexpensive 7-jewel Swiss movements, came in last. Benrus and Helbros, generally considered the bottom of the heap by most contemporary collectors, ranked above such brands as Buren, Mido, and Croton.
Automatic, or self-winding, watches, by the way, were deemed "unreliable" by Consumers Union.
Conspicuously absent from the list was Rolex which today is without a doubt the most recognized watch brand in America. But what many people do not realize is that, prior to about 1960, the brand was not very familiar to the American market, and prior to probably the middle '50s was virtually unknown. The company's primary markets were Great Britain and its colonies at the time. (Rolex was founded in London in 1905, and founder Hans Wilsdorf, though born in Germany, was by this time a British citizen himself.)
I think more than anything, this 1949 article in Consumer Reports is a testament to the power of advertising. It has been said of Rolex that they are a company which produces a fairly good watch, but has the best marketing department in the world. Ask most any American to name a quality watch, and they will say Rolex.
I make no secret of the fact that I don't hold modern Rolexes watches (those made after 1960) in very high regard. I have nothing against them; I just find them boring. But I will concede one undeniable fact: If you find yourself down and out in most any city in the world, Rolex is the watch you want strapped to your wrist, because there isn't a pawnbroker in the world who would deny you a loan on that watch if you needed food in your belly or a plane ticket home. If "watch-as-commodity" is your goal, then Rolex is your brand!
Interestingly, a primary distributor of Patek Phlippe watches in America in 1949 was Montgomery Ward, the giant catalog retailer. The Consumer Reports article told readers they could buy a Patek Philippe watch starting at $350 from Wards. I could scarcely believe it, but a friend of mine owns a 1943 Wards catalog, and there on page 475 are six Patek Phillipe men's wristwatches in 18kt gold, starting at $250!
At a time when a good quality watch could be purchased for around $40, this was certainly a lot of money. But think what those watches would be worth today!
Anyway, the article in Consumer Reports provides food for thought. Incidentally, the next time the magazine rated men's wristwatches was in 1958, and this time it appears CU actually tested the watches. Again Rolex was missing from the list. The highest recommended watch was a Croton Nivada Grenchen, a brand which had previously ranked 36th among 43 brands as "reliable." The watch was an automatic watch to boot, so CU's opinion of automatic watches had obviously improved since 1949!
Thanks to Tom Jeswald, of the Northern Illinois Watch & Clock Collector's club, for bringing this article to my attention. His more complete story is currently under editorial review at the NAWCC, and hopefully will be published soon!
Bruce Shawkey
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You are here: Home / Government / Governor Ron DeSantis Highlights Florida Tourism at Tampa International Airport
Governor Ron DeSantis Highlights Florida Tourism at Tampa International Airport
Governor Ron DeSantis today visited Tampa International Airport to highlight and discuss the benefits that tourism provides to the state of Florida. Governor DeSantis was joined by VISIT FLORIDA President and CEO Dana Young, Enterprise Florida President and CEO Jamal Sowell, state and community leaders, as well as representatives from Tampa International Airport, including CEO Joe Lopano.
“I was happy to visit Tampa International Airport today to discuss the role that tourism plays in generating economic development to Florida,” said Governor DeSantis. “This industry has never been stronger, and the benefits of tourism to our state are shared by every Floridian. We have so much going for us here in Florida, so we must continue to invest in bringing people here to enjoy everything we have to offer.”
Photo Credit: Governor’s Press Office
Earlier this year, Governor DeSantis and VISIT FLORIDA announced that Florida had an all-time record of 126.1 million visitors in 2018, a 6.2 percent increase from the previous record of 118.8 million visitors in 2017. This marked the eighth consecutive record year for visitation to Florida. VISIT FLORIDA also announced today that tourism to the state saves each Florida family more than $1,500 annually.
Investing in Florida’s tourism industry, particularly international tourism, plays a significant role in generating economic development to the state, with Tampa International Airport being an integral partner.
Since the airport began working to bring new international flights to Florida in 2012, it is estimated that international passengers visiting the Tampa Bay area have spent over $1.3 billion into Florida’s economy. Additionally, the growth of international passengers has generated over $88 million in tax revenue and has supported nearly 18,000 jobs in the Tampa Bay region alone.
Filed Under: Government Tagged With: Governor Ron DeSantis
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Start the Hall of Fame clock: Darrelle Revis announces his retirement
Frank Schwab
Shutdown Corner July 18, 2018
Darrelle Revis’ peak was as good as any we’ve seen from a cornerback.
“Revis Island” became one of the best nicknames in sports, and it was accurate. In his prime, Revis locked down many great receivers. The end came quickly though, and Revis officially announced his retirement Wednesday on Instagram.
Seven-time Pro Bowl cornerback Darrelle Revis announced his retirement. (AP)
With that, the five-year waiting period for the Pro Football Hall of Fame starts.
Revis was one of the greats
As a first-round pick of the New York Jets in 2007, he came in and made an immediate impact. By his second season, he made the first of his seven Pro Bowls.
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For most of his career, Revis shadowed his opponent’s best receiver and usually took him out of the game. Revis made four All-Pro teams. He took a spot alongside Deion Sanders, Champ Bailey, Patrick Peterson and a few select others as one of the best cornerbacks of the past few decades.
Success with many teams
Revis didn’t end up as a lifelong Jet. He was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, where he spent the 2013 season. He made a Pro Bowl there. The Buccaneers moved on, and the New England Patriots pounced. The Patriots added him as a free agent on what was structured to be a one-year deal. That season, he was part of a Super Bowl championship team. He made another Pro Bowl, and was named first-team All-Pro.
Revis then went back to the Jets. He made one more Pro Bowl. But there were signs of decline early in his second Jets stint.
A strange finish
Revis signed a five-year, $70 million deal to return to the Jets. One of his legacies was as a master negotiator, who ended up signing deals that added up to well over $200 million in his career. But after a poor 2016 season, he wasn’t the same player and the Jets cut him.
Revis was unsigned most of last season, before hooking on with the Chiefs in midseason. He played five games with Kansas City, and then was released. For a great career, it was an unusual way to end it. But until the end, Revis maximized his earning ability.
Ultimately, Revis’ legacy will be as a four-time All-Pro, Super Bowl champion and one of the best cornerbacks of his era. And, at some point, his legacy will include a spot in Canton.
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Frank Schwab is a writer for Yahoo Sports. Have a tip? Email him at shutdown.corner@yahoo.com or follow him on Twitter!
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Full-time ProgramsBusiness Information Technology
Overview Admission Requirements Who Should Enrol? Locations, Dates and Fees Courses and Descriptions CO-OP/Practicum Information Laptop Delivery Transfer Credit Opportunities Recognition of Prior Learning Awards and Scholarships Graduate Employment Report Graduation Requirements Employment Potential Contact Information How to Apply Student Evaluation of Program College Support Services Printer Friendly Version
BUSGF-DP Business Information Technology
Overview Admission Requirements Who Should Enrol? Locations, Dates and Fees Courses and Descriptions CO-OP/Practicum Information Laptop Delivery Transfer Credit Opportunities Recognition of Prior Learning Awards and Scholarships Graduate Employment Report Graduation Requirements Employment Potential Contact Information How to Apply Student Evaluation of Program College Support Services
A complete list of awards, bursaries, and scholarships can be found at catalogue.rrc.ca/AvailableAwards
View All Awards, Bursaries, and Scholarships (Complete List)
Entrance Awards
Aboriginal Student Awards
Bell MTS Telecommunications Award
General RRC Application Required
Awards valued at $1000 each are available for Aboriginal peoples, members of visible minorities, persons with disabilities and women entering first year of the following programs on a full-time basis: Electrical Engineering Technology, Network Services Technician or Business Information Technology. Recipients who successfully complete their first year of study may have their award renewed for their second year. Applications should be submitted to the Student Service Centre, accompanied by a resume, as well as a letter answering the following questions: a) Why do you want to take this program? and b) What are your career aspirations? Selection will be based on academic progress, financial need and applicants' career goals. Deadlines for applications are; October 1 for fall start date programs and February 1 for winter start date programs.
Business Council of Manitoba Aboriginal Education Awards
Specific Application
Awards are available to persons of Aboriginal ancestry who are Canadian citizens and Manitoba residents who are presently enrolled or planning to enroll in a Manitoba public post-secondary institution in any program. You must maintain full-time status (60% or more course load) and be in need of financial assistance. Awards for college students are valued at $2000.00 (awards for students enrolled in degree programs, i.e. Nursing are $3000) and applicants are eligible to reapply each year of their studies. Recipients may be considered for summer and part-time employment with one of the Business Council’s member companies. Applications are available from the Student Service Centre or from the Business Council's website at (www.businesscouncil.mb.ca.) Deadline for applications is March 31.
CUPE Local 998 - Manitoba Hydro Joint Bursary
This bursary, established to commemorate the local's 40th anniversary as a chartered union, is intended to promote and support higher education for members and their families. A bursary valued at $600 is available annually to a full-time student at Red River College. A letter confirming CUPE 998 affiliation, including member name and employee number, must accompany the application. Selection will be based on financial need. Application deadline is July 31. Further details are available at http://998.cupe.ca/2016/03/24/scholarship-bursary-applications-201617/ .
Dave Orton Award
Established by his family and friends in memory of Dave Orton, a 1979 Red River College graduate of Electrical Engineering Technology. Two $2000 awards are available to students enrolled in regular full-time programs at Red River College. Applicants will have graduated from Murdoch MacKay Collegiate or Transcona Collegiate, preference will be given to graduates of Transcona Collegiate. The successful recipients will have displayed the same qualities and standards exhibited by Dave Orton; family-oriented, community-minded and involved in sports. Those interested in being considered should submit an application form accompanied by a one-page essay describing how you display the qualities noted above. At least one letter of reference should also be submitted. Deadline for applications is December 1.
Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited Entrance Award
A $3500 entrance award is available annually to full-time student entering a diploma program at Red River College. Eligible applicants will have graduated from high school not more than 18 months prior to the beginning of the RRC program with an average of at least 75% in their graduating year. Selection will be based primarily on financial need but consideration may also be given to commitment in community or other extracurricular activities. The recipient may also be eligible to have their award renewed for an additional year of full-time studies in the same program, if he/she continues to demonstrate financial need, has maintained full-time enrolment, and achieved a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 in the previous year. Deadline for applications is July 31.
Fausto Yadao Award
Established by Mr. Fausto Yadao, a former Dean of Student Affairs at Red River College, to encourage and assist young adults from the Filipino community to access educational opportunities at Red River College. Two awards valued at $500 each are available annually to applicants from the Filipino community who are accepted into full-time diploma, certificate or degree programs. Selection will be based on an essay submission not to exceed 1000 words describing their career plans and objectives as well as their involvement in community service. Applicants should submit a letter of application accompanied by the required essay directly to the Student Service Centre. Deadline for applications is August 31.
Gary Coleman Award for Inner-City Scholars
Removing barriers to post-secondary education from enrollment to graduation, the Gary Coleman Award will support two students who:
• Graduated in the previous 24 months from one of the Inner City High Schools (Argyle Alternative High School, Children of the Earth High School, Daniel McIntyre Collegiate, Gordon Bell High School, R. B. Russell Vocational High School, Sisler High School, St. John’s High School, Technical Vocational High School); and
• Have been accepted into one of three Red River College programs: Business Administration, Business Information Technology or Business Technology Management.
This award will cover tuition, program fees and books and supplies required for successful completion of the program (no cash will be provided to the student). Students receiving other tuition funding need to specify this on their application so that the amount of the award may be adjusted accordingly. Students fully funded by private or public sources will not be eligible for the award. Selection will be based on financial need and the content of the reference letter and essay. Preference may be given to applicants who have demonstrated community /school involvement. To be eligible applicants are required to submit:
• Complete high school transcripts
• Proof of acceptance/conditional acceptance as full time student to one of the eligible programs
• General RRC Awards application form with financial need section completed
• Documentation to support financial application: Income Tax Notice of Assessment form from the previous tax year from a parent/guardian; or from the applicant (if applicant no longer lives with his/her parents). If, due to your family situation, tax forms cannot be obtained, please provide an explanation of the situation in your essay.
• Reference letter from a school counselor, community leader, teacher, school principal, specifically addressing this statement: The qualified candidate is smart, ambitious and has a career dream. Financial challenges are the main barrier to fulfilment of this dream. Please describe how, in your experience, this applicant fits these criteria.
• An essay, based on the following statement: I have ambition, and a dream to become a successful professional. With financial assistance, I will be able to achieve great things in my program at Red River College, and into my career. In 1-2 pages, please describe your motivation and ambition, and why your talent makes you an ideal candidate for this award.
• Reference letter confirming community/school involvement, if applicable.
• A Release of Information in order to communicate the award recipient name to the donor.
The Award shall be renewable by award recipient, for use in subsequent years/semesters of study at RRC, provided the Award recipient continues to be enrolled full-time in the original program of study at the College and achieves a minimum 3.0 GPA. Application deadlines for the award are the first Friday of July for the fall intake and the first Friday of October for the winter intake. If you have any questions please do not hesitate to connect with the Student Awards and Financial Aid office 204-632-3979.
Manitoba Schools Science Symposium (MSSS) Entrance Scholarships
Automatic Selection
A $1500 tuition scholarship is available to a participant of the Manitoba Schools' Science Symposium planning to attend a regular full-time program at Red River College. Selection will be made by the Symposium Committee.
Partners in Education Scholarships
Red River College has entered into agreements with some Manitoba High Schools/School Divisions to provide Partners in Education Scholarships for their graduating students who are continuing their education in a full-time program at the College. The scholarships are valued at a maximum of $1000. For more information, contact your high school.
Red River College Entrance Scholarships
Entrance Scholarships valued at $1000 each, processed as payments to recipients' program fees, are available for applicants to regular full-time programs at Red River College who graduated from a Manitoba high school within the past five years. Applicants must be Canadian citizens and residents of Manitoba. Entrance scholarships are not available to those who have had previous full-time post-secondary enrolments. A student may only hold one entrance scholarship awarded by RRC. Selection will be based on high school average, calculated on four 40S courses. Highest grade attained in an English and Mathematics course, as well as two additional 40S academic courses (highest grade) from the following list: Biology; Chemistry; Computer Science; Economics; French; Geography; Global Issues; History; Law or Physics. Recipients will be determined automatically, based on final Grade 12 grades recorded on applicants' records. Selection will occur after the deadline for submission of final Grade 12 transcripts, at the start of the fall and winter terms. These scholarships are funded by the Red River College Scholarship and Bursary Endowment (including funding from the Manitoba Scholarship and Bursary Initiative) and by The Winnipeg Foundation through the following sources: Hannah (Nancy) Boon Fund, available to native students (Status Indian or Metis); Press Radio Fund, available to any student. Additional scholarships, awarded to those students entering these specific programs are funded by the Business Administration, Accounting and Computer Education, School of Business and Applied Arts, and Early Childhood Education Student Scholarship Endowments.
RRC Employees' Dependent Award
An award valued at a minimum of $400 is available annually to a student who is currently enrolled in a full time certificate or diploma program at Red River College, and is a dependent (defined as: an employee's or their spouse’s unmarried and financially dependent natural, adopted or step child or any other unmarried financially dependent child for whom you or your spouse has been appointed guardian and who is less than 25 years of age; or your spouse or common-law partner who is not engaged in full time employment and dependent on you for financial support) of an RRC employee (member of the MGEU bargaining unit). To be considered, students should submit an application form, accompanied by a one-page letter describing why they chose Red River College, and specifically their program, for their post-secondary education, as well as their career goals. The application form is available at http://rrc.ca/awards (scroll to the bottom of this webpage for “supplemental forms”). Applications should be submitted to one of the College’s Student Service Centres by the deadline date of September 30.
RRC Students' Association First Year Entrance Scholarship for Rural Students
A cash scholarship of $1000 will be awarded annually to a student, enrolling full-time in any Red River College program, who originates from a small community outside of Winnipeg. Selection will be based upon high academic standing as indicated by documentation provided (high school transcript should be included). Application deadline is September 15.
St. James Collegiate (SJCI) 50th Anniversary Alumni Reunion Legacy Award
Two awards consisting of a tuition credit (amount to be determined annually) are available annually to students graduating from SJCI and entering a regular full-time program at Red River College. Criteria for both awards will include school involvement and spirit demonstrated through participation in student groups, volunteer activities, student government, athletics, music or the arts. One award will be presented to a student who has demonstrated particular aptitude in one or both humanities and social science courses in high school. The other award will be presented to a student who has demonstrated particular aptitude in mathematics, science and technology courses in high school. The awards will be presented annually in June at SJCI Convocation with the recipients’ tuition account at Red River College being credited in September.
Tom O’Brien Memorial Entrance Scholarship
Students who are proceeding sequentially from a regular high school Senior 4 to a full-time certificate/diploma/degree program at Red River College, and who are Manitoba residents, are eligible to apply for a scholarship to be applied to the cost of tuition for one year (maximum $1500.00). Criteria include demonstrated academic merit, school or community involvement and financial need. Scholarship applications, transcripts, and letters of reference indicating school or community involvement should be submitted to the Student Service Centre. Deadline for applications is July 31.
UFCW Local 832 Annual Scholarship Award
Scholarships are available for those who are UFCW members employed by companies that contribute to the Education and Training Trust Fund. Students enrolling in both full-time and part-time studies are eligible. Application deadline is June 1. For further information, contact the UFCW Training Centre.
Westland Foundation Education Scholarships
Scholarships are available to students who are entering full-time programs at Red River College within 30 months of graduating from one of the high schools in the Westland Foundation's catchment area; Argyle Alternative High School, Children of the Earth High School, Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute, Gordon Bell High School, R.B. Russell Vocational School, St. John's High School, Sisler High School and Tec Voc High School. The value of each student's scholarship will be determined by the number of 70% or higher marks, earned by the student during grades 7 through 12 (in a school within the Westland Foundation catchment area). The scholarship is available to students for up to 30 months from the date of their Grade 12 graduation. Please visit the Westland Foundation website at https://westlandfoundation.ca/the-wfef-scholarship/application-forms/ for further information about the Foundation, as well as the application form. Scholarships will be awarded on a first-come, first-served basis. Application deadline for fall programs is September 1, and for winter programs is February 15.
Youth in Care Bursaries
Removing the financial barriers to education, RRC has a minimum of 20 full tuition bursaries available to Youth in Care. Youth must meet College entrance requirements, be enrolled as full-time students and be in financial need. Information and an application form is available from the Youth Employment Services website https://www.futuresforward.ca/2019-2020-tuition-waiver-forms .
Assistive Technology Award
Two awards, up to $1000 each, are available annually for students with disabilities registered with Accessibility Services (i.e., Counselling & Accessibility Services, Deaf & Hard of Hearing Services, Exam Accommodations & Assistive Technology) who would benefit from assistive technology. Students must be eligible to continue in their program and demonstrate efforts in academic progress. They must also be ineligible for government assistive technology grants (e.g., Canada Student Grant), and is not sponsored by a government or community agency. To apply, students should write a brief letter, jointly with their Accessibility Services counsellor, requesting the specific equipment/technology the student would like to obtain, and including how that equipment will be beneficial to the student. The letter should be submitted to the Accessibility Services Assistive Technologist. Deadline for applications is December 5th.
Bob and Jessie Ritch Bursary
The award was created by Bob Ritch, in memory of his late wife. A $1000 bursary is available annually to assist a full-time student enrolled in regular full-time programs at Red River College. Selection will be based on satisfactory academic progress and financial need. Application forms should be submitted to the Student Service Centre and will be accepted from December 1 to January 15.
Cindy Petrowski and Phillip Marsh Helping Hands Bursary
This bursary created by Cindy Petrowski and Phillip Marsh to support a First Nations or Metis student in their academic aspirations and help with the financial burden. One bursary valued at a minimum $500 is available to a full-time student attending any program at Red River College. If there is not a suitable First Nation or Metis applicant, the recipient will be selected from one of the other general bursary application pools. Application deadline is January 15.
Counselling and Accessibility Services Crisis Bursaries
Bursaries are available annually to assist students, who are clients of the Student Support Services Department (including Counselling and Accessibility Services, Deaf and Hard of Hearing Services and Exam Accommodations and Assistive Technology units). Students who are experiencing financial hardship may be eligible to receive a bursary. Criteria:
•The student is eligible to continue in program
•The student has significant financial need that without assistance, may place them at risk for withdrawing from their program
•The student demonstrates efforts at academic progress
Maximum bursary is $500. Students may apply one time per year for a crisis bursary. No deadline date. Bursaries are available until limited funds expire. Inquiries should be directed to a manager or counsellor in Student Support Services.
David and Barbara Schroeder Award
This award was established by Sophia Schroeder, to distinguish her parents, David and Barbara, who made Canada their home, worked hard to raise a family and emphasized the importance of education. A $1,500 award is available to full-time domestic students at Red River College who have dependent children and are facing financial barriers to achieve their educational dreams. Eligible applicants will have been born outside of Canada and since made Canada their permanent home. Applicants must have completed at least one academic term, and achieved a minimum 2.50 GPA to be considered for the award. Those interested in being considered should complete a general application, including financial information, and attach a document that indicates the country of origin. The application deadline is January 15.
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Services (DHHS) Award
Awards totaling $2000 awards are available annually to assist students who are registered with DHHS and are experiencing a financial hardship or a complex situation that may place the student at academic risk. Students must be eligible to continue in their program and demonstrate efforts in academic progress. To apply, contact the DHHS manager and include an essay or summary describing the situation and/or need for financial support. Deadline for applications is October 15th for fall term and February 15th for winter term.
Emergency Loans and Bursaries
Assistance is available for full-time students experiencing temporary financial difficulties that may prevent them from continuing their studies. Inquiries should be directed to the Student Service Centre. Funds available for this purpose are provided by the RRC Students’ Association (available to any student), the Aboriginal/First Nations Assistance Fund and the Princess Auto Foundation Fund (available to students enrolled in eligible Trades programs), as well as from the following sources made available through The Winnipeg Foundation: A.J.S. (John) Taunton Fund and Ida Mary Trotter Fund, available to Aboriginal students; Myrta & Bruce Moorhead Memorial Fund and Katherine Bender Bursary, available to any student.
Enterprising Women Award
An award of $2500 is available annually to a female student enrolled full-time in a diploma or degree program. Applicants should have completed at least one year of their program and be entering their final year of the program. Selection will be based on financial need and satisfactory academic progress. Some consideration may also be given to community service. Applications should be submitted to the Student Service Centre, accompanied by a one-page letter telling about yourself, your career goals and plans for the future. Please include any community service you have done, if applicable. Deadline for applications is July 31.
Hannah (Nancy) Boon Bursary
Through The Winnipeg Foundation, bursaries of $500 will be awarded to Aboriginal students enrolled in regular full-time programs at Red River College. Selection will be based on satisfactory academic progress and financial need. Applicants for this bursary may also be considered for the Aboriginal Student Bursary from Red River College. Application forms should be submitted to the Student Service Centre and will be accepted from December 15 to January 15.
Lieutenant Governor’s Medals For Proficiency
A maximum of four Lieutenant Governor’s Medals will be awarded annually to full-time students at Red River College who, in the opinion of the selection committee, combine, to the greatest extent in their graduating year: a) academic and technical achievement, b) involvement in College and/or community activities, c) good character. Students who meet the minimum academic requirement will be sent an information package outlining the required documentation for selection consideration, prior to the winter and spring convocation ceremonies each year.
Minerva SAFE Manitoba Award
This award will be given annually to a first year (in the case of a 2 year program) or second year student (in a 3 year program) or group of students who have demonstrated leadership in research that includes, or contributes to, occupational health and safety issues within their field through project design or major project assignment within their program of studies. To be considered, the project must demonstrate that research has occurred, including ensuring that applicable safety legislation, regulation or building codes are incorporated into the project. It must also demonstrate some original application or potential application in the most cost effective way. Safety education and training is a critical component in any safety and health program, projects that include this element will receive a higher evaluation that those that do not. Complete eligibility guidelines and selection criteria are available from the Red River College Environmental Health, Safety and Insurance Services webpage (http://xnet.rrc.mb.ca/healthsafety/new.htm).
Owen Desnoyers Memorial Award
This award was established by family and friends in memory of Owen Desnoyers, who was the Executive Director of the RRC Student's Association for a number of years. A minimum two awards valued at $1000 each will be available annually to students enrolled in the final year of a diploma, certificate or degree program at Red River College. Eligible applicants will have attained a minimum GPA of 3.00; have been involved in the College community and contributed to student life at the College. To be considered, students should submit an application form, accompanied by a one-page essay describing how they meet the criteria for this bursary as indicated. Fall term application deadline is December 1, and winter term application deadline is March 1. Students are welcome to apply for each deadline, but must submit a new (updated) application and essay.
Peace Awards for Refugees
Two $1,000 awards are available annually to current students, in full-time academic programs in their graduating year, who entered Canada as refugees or refugee claimants. The award honours the courage, strength and determination of students who were forced to flee their homes under threat of persecution, conflict and violence and have shown perseverance in reaching their educational goals, while overcoming challenges and adapting to a new life in Canada. The application deadline is in February. Further information and an application form are available from http://www.rrc.ca/peaceaward. Questions can be directed to Vera Godavari of Student Engagement at 204-632-3847 or vgodavari@rrc.ca.
Rebel Generation Alumni Award
Red River College’s Rebel Generation Alumni Award is available to students whose parent/guardian is an alumni/apprentice graduate of Red River College. Two $2000 awards (one in the fall and one in the spring) are available each year. Previous recipients are NOT eligible to apply.
• Attending full-time in a program of study at Red River College
• Proof of parent/guardian’s attendance at RRC, including first and last name, program name and year of graduation, and supporting documentation (e.g. certificate/diploma/degree, student ID, transcript).
To be considered for this award, applications must include the following:
• Two (2) reference letters from individuals attesting to your community and/or school involvement and your leadership experience
• One (1) personal essay or formal letter describing:
o Why you chose Red River College for post-secondary education
o How will your community/school involvement and leadership experience help you reach your career goals
o How this award will make a difference in your life
Application deadlines are November 30 (Fall award) and April 30 (Spring award).
Red River College Heritage Group Award
A minimum of three awards valued at a minimum of $500 each are available annually to domestic students who are enrolled in a regular day program leading to a certificate, diploma or joint college/university degree. To be eligible, applicants must have completed one term. Criteria include satisfactory academic progress and demonstrated financial need. A one-page letter must accompany a fully completed application. The letter should briefly outline your financial circumstances and, should indicate how this award will make a difference. Applications should be submitted to the Student Service Centre by the deadline date of January 15.
Richard (Asher) Webb Social Justice Activist Memorial Award
This is an $800 award given annually to a student who demonstrates exceptional effort and/or the ability to lead, organize and engage students or members of the community in embodying the values of equity, diversity, inclusion, multiculturalism and social justice.
The successful recipient will be a community activist, advocate or leader who has worked for systemic changes at various levels and with various social identities in mind. Their advocacy may involve (but is not limited to): human rights, LGBTT* issues, anti-racism, anti-poverty, public health, non-violence, community-building and student engagement, or encouraging others on issues of social justice that impact the lives of students and the broader community.
Applications will be evaluated by the Diversity Awards Selection Committee, based on the following criteria:
• Making a significant contribution to equity, inclusion and social justice through community engagement, either in specific positions of responsibility or while involved in organizing activities. (Requirements: Student statement and at least one reference letter)
• Engaging and inspiring other students or members of the community to advocate on social justice issues that impact the lives of students or the general community.
• Financial need may also be considered. Applicants may choose to complete the financial section of the application, and/or include information.
All full-time and part-time Red River College students are welcome to apply. The general application form must be accompanied by a student statement and required letter(s) of reference in order to be considered. The deadline for applications is February 15.
RRC Bridging Bursaries
Forty bursaries valued at $1000 each are available annually to full-time students who are continuing into the subsequent year of a multi-year program at Red River College, who have successfully completed the previous year. Selection criteria will include academic progress and financial need. Recipients of this bursary will not be eligible to also receive an RRC Single-parent Student and/or Parent Student bursary or an RRC Mature Student Bursary, for the same academic year. Deadline for applications is October 15 for fall and spring start programs and February 15 for winter start programs (applications for the February deadline will only be accepted from students who were not attending during the fall term).
RRC Mature Student Bursaries
Forty bursaries valued at $1000 each are available to full-time students who are enrolled in full-time certificate, diploma or degree programs at Red River College. These bursaries are intended for students who have not been a regular full-time high school student for a period of five or more years prior to enrolling in their current program. The selection will be based on financial need. Recipients of this bursary will not be eligible to also receive an RRC Single-parent Student and/or Parent Student bursary or an RRC Bridging Bursary, for the same academic year. Applications should be submitted to the Student Service Centre. Deadline for applications is October 15 for fall and spring start programs and February 15 for winter start programs (applications for the February deadline will only be accepted from students who were not attending in the fall term).
RRC Single-parent Student and/or Parent Student Bursaries
Forty bursaries valued at $1000 each are available to full-time students who are enrolled in full-time certificate, diploma or degree programs at Red River College. Preference will be given to single-parent students for ten bursaries and to parent students for ten bursaries. The selection will be based on financial need. Recipients of this bursary will not be eligible to also receive an RRC Mature Student Bursary or an RRC Bridging Bursary, for the same academic year. Applications should be submitted to the Student Service Centre. Deadline for applications is October 15 for fall and spring start programs and February 15 for winter start programs (applications for the February deadline will only be accepted from students who were note attending during the fall term).
RRC Students' Association Athletic Awards
Cash awards of up to $1,000 will be awarded annually to student members of the RRC Volleyball, Basketball and Soccer teams a total of six awards. These awards are based on their athletic performance, leadership, and teamwork as determined by their respective coaches.
RRC Students' Association Chad Hildebrand Memorial Award
Chad, a BA student, was a member of the Student Advisory Board (SAB) during the 1998-99 school year. He died in March of 2000 as a result of a hockey accident. The 1999-2000 SAB agreed to dedicate the Students’ Association Scholarship fund’s first award in Chad’s memory. One $1,000 award presented to a Red River College student who is a current Student Association Board member, who exhibits leadership qualities and is actively involved in the college and or community. Applicants must submit a 750-1000 word essay describing their involvement in the college and/ or community. Application deadline is December 1st.
RRC Students' Association Community Involvement Recognition Award
A cash award of $1000 will be awarded annually to a Red River College student who is able to demonstrate an exceptional level of involvement in his or her community and/or college. Application deadline is December 1st. A letter of reference verifying the applicant's involvement must accompany the application.
RRC Students' Association Go Green Machine Award
A cash scholarship of $1,000 will be awarded annually to a student enrolled full-time in any Red River College program, who shows their environmental/sustainable green thumb to the committee. Application deadline December 1st.
RRC Students' Association Indigenous Student Award
One award in the amount of $1000 will be awarded annually to an Indigenous student enrolled in any fulltime program. Selection criteria include satisfactory academic progress, demonstrated financial need, and community involvement. Applicants must submit to the Student Service Centre, along with their application form, a one-page outline with a specific focus on their community involvement. Applicants must be self-identified as Indigenous in their Red River College student record. Application deadline is December 1st.
RRC Students' Association International Student Scholarship
Four scholarships of $500 each will be awarded to international students, attending a post-secondary Red River College program on a full-time basis. The scholarships will be presented to the students who attain the highest GPA after their first term; applicants must have achieved a minimum 4.00 GPA after first term. A first term grade report should accompany the application, as well as a one-page statement outlining your experience thus far in Canada and at Red River College. Application deadline is January 15th (students must apply while enrolled in their first year, with the exception of those students who have not yet completed their first term by January 15). In the event of a tie for GPA achieved after first term, contents of the one-page statement will be considered to select the successful recipients.
RRC Students' Association Regional Campus Scholarship
A $1000 scholarship will be awarded annually to a full-time Red River College student attending a regional campus (Portage Campus; Steinbach Campus, Winker Campus or Interlake and Peguis-Fisher River Campus). The scholarship will be presented to the student who attains the highest GPA after the first term. Applicants must have completed their first term to be considered. A first term transcript should accompany the application. Application deadline is March 30th.
RRC Students' Association Single Parent Bursary
Two cash bursaries of $1000 each will be awarded annually to two full-time Red River College students who are single parents with demonstrated financial need. Application deadline is December 1st.
RRC Students' Association Students with Disabilities Bursary
A cash bursary of $1,000 awarded to a full-time Red River College student with physical or learning disabilities able to demonstrate financial need. Applications should be accompanied by documentation identifying their disability. Application deadline is December 1st.
Sibyl McKay Inkster Bursary
Through The Winnipeg Foundation, two bursaries of $450 will be awarded to female Metis students enrolled in regular full-time programs at Red River College. Selection will be based on satisfactory academic progress and financial need. Applicants for this bursary may also be considered for the Aboriginal Student Bursary from Red River College. Application forms should be submitted to the Student Service Centre and will be accepted from December 15 to January 15.
Students With Disabilities Award
Three $1000 awards are available annually to assist students with disabilities (documented physical, mental health, learning disabilities as well a vision and hearing loss). Students who are experiencing significant financial need, and are maintaining satisfactory academic progress, may be eligible to receive an award. To apply, speak with a manager/counsellor in Accessibility Services and include the following in your application package: documentation verifying disability, a letter of support from a manager/counsellor, and an essay or summary from you regarding your current situation or need. Deadline for applications is December 5.
Tony Sweetland Athletic Award
Tony Sweetland, a grad and former Rebels volleyball player created this award to recognize a student athlete who displays hard work and dedication to their team. A $500 award will be presented annually to a current member of a Rebel team (preference will be given to a volleyball player). The recipient will have displayed dedication to their team and their program, be a hard worker and must have attended as many practices as possible. Selection will be made by Rebels' coaches and Athletic Department staff.
Verna and Stanley Mckay, Sr. Educational Bursary for Aboriginal Students
One $1000 bursary is available annually to a full-time, first-year Aboriginal student who has been denied Band funding for their post-secondary studies at the College. Those interested in being considered should submit a completed application, accompanied by a letter from their Band stating that they have been denied funding, as well as a short statement (paragraph) outlining their involvement in the Aboriginal community. Selection will be based on financial need and community involvement. Applicants for this bursary will also be considered for the Aboriginal Student Bursary from Red River College. Application deadline is January 15.
Indspire Post-Secondary Education Bursary Award
Numerous awards with various values are available for Aboriginal students pursuing full-time study in an eligible program with minimum two year duration. Applications deadlines are June 1, November 1 and February 1. Further information is available at www.indspire.ca. Applications are only accepted on-line and students will need to create a login.
Applied Computer Education Academic Achievement Awards for First-Year Students
Awards of $750 each will be presented annually, each spring, to students who have completed the first year of an Applied Computer Education diploma program, on the basis of outstanding academic achievement.
Applied Computer Education Academic Achievement Graduation Awards
Awards of $750 each will be presented annually, each spring, to students graduating from an Applied Computer Education diploma program, on the basis of outstanding academic achievement, and their contribution to the department. Applications must be accompanied by a statement providing an explanation of how they have contributed to the department through volunteering, helping other students, or just being extraordinary. Application deadline is end of April.
Applied Computer Education Department Award
Awards of $1250 will be presented annually, each spring, to students enrolled in an Applied Computer Education program (first or second year). Applications must be accompanied by a letter of recommendation from an instructor, a portfolio of work of which they are proud, a grade report, and an essay. The essay should describe their experience in the program, their career aspirations, and include examples of class leadership. Academic achievement will also be considered. Application deadline is end of April.
Applied Computer Education Entrepreneurship Award
One award of $1000 will be presented annually, each spring, to a student in an Applied Computer Education program (first or second year), with an entrepreneurial idea/plan. Applications must be accompanied by a business proposal explaining the business idea and how they will use the award money for their entrepreneurial idea. Application deadline is end of April.
Applied Computer Education Good Citizen Award
One award of $750 will be presented annually, each spring, to students in an Applied Computer Education program (first or second year). Applications must be accompanied by a statement describing how they have been a "good citizen" at RRC, at home, or in the community. Application deadline is end of April.
Applied Computer Education Innovation Awards
Awards of $1000 each will be presented annually, each spring, to second-year students from the Business Information Technology and Business Technology Management programs. The purpose of this award is to recognize innovative achievement, including the process of discovery, and creation or conception of the innovation. Applications must be accompanied by an essay describing your unique idea, that helps the community in a positive way, and how you have implemented the idea. Deadline for applications is end of April.
Applied Computer Education Leadership and Community Awards
Awards of $1250 will be awarded to students enrolled in their second year of the Business Information Technology or Business Technology Management programs, who show leadership in the College or community. Applications must be accompanied by an essay describing (with examples) their leadership qualities in their family, College and community. Also required are letters of recommendation from an RRC instructor and a member of the community. Application deadline is end of April.
Applied Computer Education Outstanding Graduate Awards
Awards of $1000 each will be presented annually, each spring, to students who have completed an Applied Computer Education program. Recipients will be selected on the basis of outstanding academic achievement.
Applied Computer Education Research Awards
Research Awards valued at $1500 will be presented annually, each spring, to students in an Applied Computer Education program (first or second-year). Applications must be accompanied by an essay describing their research project and conclusions. Academic achievement will also be considered. Application deadline is end of April.
Bell MTS Academic Excellence Award for Information Technology
Two $500 awards will be presented annually to students in the second year of the Business Information Technology programs based on outstanding academic achievement in the first year of the program. One award will be presented for each class start date.
Chapman Bursary for Information Technology
Two $1000 bursaries, sponsored by Bob Chapman, are available to students in the following programs: Business Information Technology, Network Services Technician or Industrial Networking Technology. Students is any year of their program are eligible to apply. Preference will be given to students who have graduated from a high school in the Prairie Spirit School Division (https://sites.google.com/a/prspirit.org/prairie-spirit-5/school) but all students are encouraged to apply. Recipient selection will be based on financial need. Application deadline is January 31.
Great-West Life Awards
Twelve $2500 awards are available annually to students who will be entering their final year of the following programs: Business Administration, Business Administration Integrated, Business Information Technology/Business Technology Management or Creative Communications. Students will apply prior to the end of their first year of studies. Criteria include financial need and a strong academic record (minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00), as well as volunteerism/community involvement. An essay or letter outlining volunteerism/community involvement must accompany the application form. Awards will be paid to program fees for the upcoming year. Application deadline is March 15.
Henry Penner Memorial Award
Established in memory of Henry Penner, an instructor in the Information Systems Technology program, one award valued at a $1000 will be presented annually. The recipient will be a full-time student entering the second year of the Business Information Technology program who is actively pursuing their Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification. Selection will be determined by the program faculty.
Paterson GlobalFoods Business Information Technology Award
Two $1000 awards (one for each start date) are available for students enrolled full-time in Term 3 (second-year) of the Business Information Technology program. Recipients will have achieved a minimum 3.00 GPA, demonstrated volunteer activity in the community and displayed a strong work ethic in class. Applications should be accompanied by a one-page statement describing career aspirations and volunteer activity in the community, as well as a reference letter from an instructor attesting to a strong work ethic in class. Application deadlines are September 30 (for fall term) and January 31 (for winter term).
Ricoh Canada Award for First-Year Business Information Technology Students
A $1000 award is available annually to a full-time (60% course load) first-year Business Information Technology student. To be eligible, applicants must be a Manitoba resident and Canadian citizen, and have achieved a minimum 2.50 GPA in the first semester of the program, if currently enrolled in the second semester; or 60% in Grade 12, if currently enrolled in the first semester. Selection will be based on financial need. Application deadline is January 31.
Ricoh Canada Award for Second-Year Business Information Technology Students
A $1000 award is available annually to a full-time (60% course load) second-year Business Information Technology student. To be eligible, applicants must be a Manitoba resident and Canadian citizen, and have achieved a minimum 3.00 GPA. Selection will be based on financial need. Application deadline is January 31.
Scotiabank Awards
Three $1000 awards are available annually to domestic students who are interested in pursuing a career in the financial services industry. Eligible candidates will enrolled in the second year (completed at least two semesters) of one of the following programs: Business Administration (Administration, Financial Services or Marketing major only) or Business Information Technology. Criteria include a strong academic record (minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00),as well as an essay outlining their future career goals after graduation. Application deadline is November 15.
Graduate Employment Report
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Application for Predoctoral Fellowships Announced
Information + Humanities Conference
Literary Information Management in China
K.J. Rawson "The Rhetorical Work of the Digital Transgender Archive"
Modernities Recovered Connected Histories of Vietam and Korea Conference
You are here: Home / Events / Past Events / Application for Predoctoral Fellowships Announced
Predoctoral fellowships for Penn State PhD students provide a yearlong graduate assistantship. Deadline Monday, November 17, 5pm.
Oct 23, 2014 04:35 PM to
The CHI Predoctoral Fellows program is sponsored by the Center, the College of the Liberal Arts, and the University Libraries. This program supports graduate student research in the humanities, providing up to six Penn State graduate students a yearlong graduate assistantship and a $1,000 research fund. For 2015-16 the expected level of stipend support is $23,000. Fellows have access to extensive research design support, as well as to grant-writing workshops, career mentoring, and archival/library support and consultation. For 2015-16 no office space will be provided; Fellows are expected to use space in their home departments.
Fellows are expected to be at University Park during most of their funded year, to participate in the Center’s weekly lunches and public lectures, and to make a public presentation of their work. There is no teaching obligation. Graduate students who wish to submit a collaborative application with an applicant for another CHI program (the predoctoral or visiting fellowships) should indicate so on their application.
CHI fellowships substitute for departmental funding. They cannot be used to lengthen the time of expected support from home departments or from Penn State more generally.
Graduate students in any field currently enrolled in a PhD program at Penn State’s University Park campus are eligible for this program. Applicants must have passed their comprehensive exams, or plan to pass their comprehensive exams, by May 2015, in order to take up the fellowship.
Because CHI support comes primarily from the College of the Liberal Arts and the University Libraries, students associated with those units will receive some priority, though students from any College engaged in humanistic research on information are welcome to apply.
Applications that do not follow these guidelines will be summarily rejected.
All applications must include the following:
1) Cover page with applicant’s name and contact information (including campus address and e-mail), date of comprehensive exams, name of advisor and committee, and project title.
2) Description of project, including scholarly significance and current state of completion (max. 1200 words). Please indicate if this is a collaborative application, and explain the planned structure of the collaboration.
3) Curriculum vitae (not to exceed four pages). Please include internal and external grants received in the past five years as well as any non-administrative release time from teaching in the two academic years before the fellowship.
4) One confidential letter of evaluation from the applicant’s dissertation advisor or other faculty mentor attesting to the quality of the application, to the applicant’s record of achievement, and to the applicant’s intellectual and academic promise.
5) A short letter from the department Head or Director of Graduate Studies indicating the department’s understanding that CHI funding cannot be used to extend the normal time of support for graduate students.
Nominations must be emailed to CHI by the applicant’s department head, program director, or director of graduate studies by 5:00 p.m. on Monday, Nov 17, 2014. Please use the subject line “Predoctoral Fellows.” Attachments should be in Portable Document Format (pdf). All applicants will receive an email receipt; please follow up if you do not hear back within one week.
Proposals will be evaluated and recommendations made to the Director by a subcommittee of the CHI Advisory Board.
Awards for the academic year 2015-16 will be announced by December 15, 2014.
Presentation and Reporting Requirements
Fellows will be asked to give a work-in-progress presentation during their residency semester. Thirty days after the close of the grant period (consult award letter for exact date), a report must be filed with the Center on the results of the residency.
Contact the Site Administrator | Last modified Sep 28, 2016 | Powered by Plone | Accessibility Statement | Website Designed by Information Technology Liberal Arts
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Historic Greek Orthodox Church Saved From Auction
Filed Under:auction, Belmont Cragin, Chicago, debt, Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church
Chicago (CBS) — Some real life guardian angels may be saving one of the Midwest’s oldest Greek Orthodox churches from the auction block. It’s truly the answer to prayers for the congregation at Holy Trinity in Chicago’s Belmont Cragin neighborhood.
RELATED 60-Year-Old Greek Orthodox Church Could Be Sold To Pay Off $8 Million Debt
Parishioners at Holy Trinity have been fighting to save the church since learning it was saddled with $8 million in debt.
It’s not clear exactly how much money was put forward, but it’s around $2 million. The presiding priest said that’s more than enough to delay the auction and allow the church to file for bankruptcy.
That will buy the church some time, so they can sell a shuttered school they own in north suburban Deerfield.
And that means at least for now, a Belmont Cragin institution will remain what it’s always been, a place for families on the Northwest Side to come together and worship.
Father Nicholas Jonas said it was literally an 11th hour surprise.
“We prayed for a miracle to happen, and we didn’t give up,” Jonas said. “Late last night a group of guardian angels came forward.”
Services will continue this weekend. There will be a church service Saturday morning at 9 to celebrate the Feast of Saint Eleutherios, and the regularly scheduled Sunday morning service will take place at 9:45.
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Home Economics & Policy Running into rivals at top leadership events can be awkward
Running into rivals at top leadership events can be awkward
on: December 17, 2013 In: Economics & Policy, Law & RegulationTags: No Comments
Central Economic Work Conferences aren’t as boring as they sound. In fact, a few of the meetings, which generally set the economic agenda in China for the coming year, have seen the forces of reform collide head on with stubborn conservatism.
If political factions clashed at this year’s meeting, which wrapped up on Friday, only a handful of people in Beijing know about it. Power struggles and infighting behind the scenes can elude historical records for decades – or perhaps indefinitely.
The communique issued at the close of this year’s four-day meet shows that technocrats stuck to their scripts, touching on several important but predictable issues such as food safety and financial reform. The document also corralled support for the social and market reforms posited at the Third Plenum last month, a clear success for party boss Xi Jinping and his agenda.
And now, for the numbers
The conference is often a venue for setting the economic growth target for the following year – although this is not disclosed to the public until March.
Barclays Research said in a note that the government will likely target 7.5% GDP growth next year. Analysts at Bank of America Merrill Lynch agreed, but noted the chance that Beijing could lower the goal to 7%. ANZ Bank said China will “very likely” target the lower figure.
China’s GDP is expected to expand by 7.5% this year, down from 7.8% last year. Lowering the target to 7% would demonstrate the leadership’s willingness to reduce state investment at the expense of jobs and potentially even some social stability. Yet, they hope to balance out that growth with financial reforms such as those planned for the Shanghai free trade zone, which got a mention in the statement.
Another major topic highlighted at the work conference was local government debt. For almost two decades, regional authorities have shouldered a heavy responsibility for fueling economic development, racking up a heap of debt estimated at US$3.4 trillion as a result. In a list of six tasks, the conference communique said resolving the problem was one of the government’s top priorities in 2014.
Awkward encounters
Conferences of the past have witnessed disputes between Beijing and local governments, reformers and conservatives. Details of these never find their way into official communiques.
At an economic work conference held in September 1990, factions among China’s top leadership butted heads over the level of power held by local governments, as well as over the role of central planning.
During the 1980s, provincial governments gained some autonomy from Beijing in the name of robust economic growth. As central planners drafted the country’s eighth five-year plan for economic development, conservatives led by then-Premier Li Peng sought to rein in the power of local governments. Li, who led the crackdown on demonstrations in Tiananmen Square a year prior to the 1990 meet, also stressed the importance of central planning as opposed to market forces.
Reformers led by then-Shanghai party chief and future premier Zhu Rongji pushed back, fearing recentralization would hurt growth. As China scholar Joseph Fewsmith notes in The Politics of China, the issue came to a head at the work conference. On the eve of the event, partially retired top leader Deng Xiaoping gave his support to the local government leaders. Even so, conservatives got the upper hand that year, stressing a designer economy over one governed by the market.
Mass line
Any disputes that matched Xi, or Premier Li Keqiang, against the country’s powerful state industrialists (the conservatives of today) won’t be noted in history books for some time. Those days when leaders rooted for central planning seem long past.
Last week’s meeting marked out several issues that are much more likely to resonate with the masses. Improving food security and safety, for example, was ranked as the No. 1 task to be accomplished in 2014. Food safety is one of the Chinese people’s biggest concerns, next to worries over pollution and access to healthcare.
New graduates who can’t find jobs and workers laid off in industries with excess capacity, such as steel, shipbuilding and glass making, could get extra support next year, according to the communique. The government will even attempt to tackle regional disparities in wealth, a problem that has led to the sense among many Chinese that economic development isn’t for the benefit of everyone.
These are necessary reforms – albeit costly ones that won’t produce instant GDP growth.
If China plans to let economic growth slow, these objectives will help reduce any social unrest that follows from mass layoffs. That’s the name of China’s development game: “Maintain growth while preserving social stability.” Only leaders that can execute the two principles in tandem will consolidate power and further their political agenda.
Any faltering on this and they can expect confrontation and challenges at the end of next year, when it comes time to draw up the plans for 2015.
China boosts holdings of US debt in October
Chinese banks buy $65.6bn in forex in November
Swiss agree to extradite Chinese scientist to US on theft charges
Beijing to sanction US companies for arms sales to Taiwan
S&P publishes first domestic credit rating for a Chinese issuer
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“The systemic failures drive this story”: Juliana Roth on Title IX and sexual assault
Juliana Roth
Juliana Roth and I spoke on the phone in February 2019 about her first feature film currently in development, “What We Know.” The film is based on “Middlebrook,” an educational web series Roth wrote that covers the aftermath of sexual assault on a college campus. Her script for “What We Know” was a semifinalist in the 2019 Atlanta Film Festival Screenplay Competition and was featured in the 2019 SR Socially Relevant Film Festival at Cinema Village.
What fascinated me about the web series and Roth’s writing is that she explores all the facets of the people involved: the assaulted, the abuser, the teachers, the friends, and the parents. She humanizes their stories in a way that is real and visually stunning with help from her “What We Know” team: DP Azure Rouet McBride, leading actress Carly Van Liere, and producer Prasad. I’m excited to see “What We Know” upon completion and release. This interview has been edited for clarity and space.
JULIANA ROTH: I grew up in Nyack, New York, a suburb of New York City, like twenty miles north. My whole family loves movies, and the community in our town always supported local film. There were also some local filmmakers who were very present in our community who I interacted with early on: Nancy Savoca and her husband Richard Guay and their daughter Martina. I never thought that’s what I want to do. I just want to write, but I love movies and television so much and have come to realize that involving myself in production would help me shepherd the stories I want to tell.
MARTIN: Where did you go to college?
ROTH: I got a scholarship to the University of Michigan where I was in the creative writing and environmental science programs while taking screenwriting and film courses on the side. They have a very rigorous writing and film program there which fostered me in my fluency with screenwriting and storytelling in general.
MARTIN: What drew you to writing?
ROTH: I first thought I wanted to act, then I got interested in storytelling in general. My parents were writers and I tried really hard to distinguish myself from them by being in the arts in a different way, but I was always writing in secret. After performing in a few small theater productions at Michigan, I tried taking a film production class and was just really intimidated. A lot of people had been in the film program for a while and seemed to already know each other and everything about production. I ended up dropping the production class and taking screenwriting instead. That was a better way in for me simply because I just felt more confident and I love language. So, I took two semesters of screenwriting with the same professor, and he ended up wanting to produce the script that I wrote, which is also sort of the origin story of “What We Know.” That was in 2014. It’s been a long journey to fully realize the story, but we produced some scenes when I’d tried the feature script as a web series.
Director of Photography Azure Rouet McBride
MARTIN: I did watch a little bit of web series “Middlebrook,” and I thought it was really interesting. In terms of the story, what drew you to sexual assault awareness on campus?
ROTH: Being a woman in the world, my own assaults, and the predation I and many others experience on a daily basis that’s just become so normalized. Right when I started taking the feature writing course in 2014, the University of Michigan was being investigated for mishandling Title IX complaints. The student reporters were some of the first reporters to break the story in The Michigan Daily, I think even before the local papers. That was so inspiring to me.
I’ve always loved procedurals and stories about bureaucracies. So, it was also partly a timing thing. I wanted to learn more about what Title IX is, how it affected me and the lives of other students. At the time, there were so many stories coming out, and the next year “The Hunting Ground” (2015) was released and that documentary really blew the lid off of just how widespread the cover-up of sexual assault on college campuses really is. So, it was just obvious to me how powerful of a story studying the Title IX process could be and I felt it could be healing and empowering for me to tell it with other student filmmakers.
MARTIN: I liked that in the series, you looked at all different sides—the teachers, administration, and students that are involved. How did you put the story together?
ROTH: I always imagined the story as an ensemble. The feature I wrote in 2014 was told from multiple points of view so we would follow about six to eight different characters. Abbey is the main character, she is the main string, but you can’t talk about the culture of sexual assault without looking at who makes that culture. That does include the administrators and what their pressures are. What they do looks very evil or uncaring, but there’s also legal and bureaucratic limitations on them. They carry their own biases and their own beliefs about sexual assault that aren’t confronted, or they aren’t trained well enough. I’m also curious about the assailant and their friends. What facilitates their attitudes about what sex is and what consent is? It was really hard to write and empathize with the nasty and abusive part of a culture, but I think that doing so was the most important part of the writing process. It’s about allowing the ugliness to be seen as part of the story too without enveloping Abbey and her pain.
ABBEY’S STORY
Roth’s original crew filming Carly Van Liere as Abbey gives a testimony.
MARTIN: What is Abbey’s story?
ROTH: Abbey’s a college freshman and she has hopes to do development work. She wants to travel and has all of these ambitions about her career and love and personal growth. Within the first few months of being on campus, she’s raped, which is actually statistically shown to be one of the most likely times for a student to be assaulted: the first few months of their freshman year. It’s known as the “Red Zone,” and is a terribly sad finding. As you might expect, being assaulted stalls Abbey’s educational plans. She’s not someone who’s wealthy with a legal team behind her and her opportunity to just be a curious student is lost. She carries a lot of shame. Through her character, I try to humanize how sexual assault is an issue for guaranteeing equal access to education and I try to unpack some of her own privilege too.
Abbey has a falling out with her roommate so she withdraws into herself even further and her roommate doesn’t really understand why she is acting the way she is. They’re eighteen. Eventually, Abbey’s roommate encourages her to report to the police, and the police are not sensitive to her PTSD symptoms. And the process of going to court, and years of dealing with legal things, it really registers with her, and she decides not to report, which is what a lot of survivors choose. That’s the viewer I most hope to reach.
A lot of people see this kind of abuse simply as an interpersonal problem or college kids being drunk and rowdy. That’s reductive. In listening to the arguments people have over Title IX and what counts as assault or abuse, I feel like what’s often left out is just how draining having to devote time and emotional energy to seeking justice for what’s happened to your body is. Ultimately, being assaulted by another student is a discrimination issue that Title IX was designed to cover. Equal access to education also means the freedom to exist without feeling threatened in the classroom or dining hall. The systemic failures drive this story, echoing what we see in our larger culture, but our film’s core is the power of people with shared pain coming together as they fumble through it.
MARTIN: The actress who plays Abbey, what’s her story?
ROTH: Carly [Van Liere] I connected with when we were doing casting for the web series, and we ended up casting her as Abbey in the series. Her performance in the scenes we produced is incredibly powerful and I just really liked working with her, and now she is also helping with the producing side of the film while working professionally as an actress in the Bay Area. Carly’s exactly what you want in an actress. She’s a badass and already had an interest in this issue, but is still very curious and skeptical of how trauma narratives are traditionally represented. Anything she can do to deepen her performance, she does. I think she’s working her way through a stack of research texts and films at the moment. I’m just really excited to work with her and trust her with the role.
A RESOURCE FOR SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS
MARTIN: Are some schools using your series to teach about Title IX?
ROTH: The clip that we have of Abbey telling her story to the Title IX tribunal was screened a few times at advocacy events in Michigan over the last four years. Somebody saw the scene and wanted to use it within the University of Michigan’s hospital systems to train first responders and hospital staff on how to work more compassionately with survivors of assault. Sometimes survivors behave in ways that seem strange or weird to a person who’s not well-trained. They might laugh involuntarily as they recount a painful detail or forget whole blocks of time.
I just believe humanizing the confusing symptoms that might present after an assault might do a great deal to shift the cultural myth that you can just “know” when someone is lying about when they’ve been assaulted or might have another agenda for coming forward, which again is super rare. [Jon] Krakauer shows this in his book [“Missoula: Rape and the Justice System in a College Town”]: a survivor might continue to hang out with their rapists or even get a ride home from them. That might be hard for some people to reconcile given the usual portrayal of a rapist being a stranger in an alley and not a lifelong friend or a handsome guy with a girlfriend. The rate of false reports is the same as for any other crime, but when those stories do come out, they get sensationalized.
Categories: Interviews, Women's History Month/Sexual Assault Awareness Month IssueTags: Azure Rouet McBride, college campuses, Jon Krakauer, juliana roth, Middlebrook, Missoula: Rape and the Justice System in a College Town, Nancy Savoca, premium, Richard Guay, saam, sexual assault, sexual assault awareness month, The Hunting Ground, The Michigan Daily, Title IX, University of Michigan, what we know
Published by Rebecca Martin
Rebecca Martin is the founder of Cinema Femme magazine. Rebecca’s true passion has always been film. She founded the Chicago Film Lover Exchange in 2011, which has grown to over 6,000 members. She has worked with various publications, including the Chicago Tribune, Chicago Lawyer magazine, and Chicago Bar Association’s CBA Record. Rebecca is also the podcast cohost of “Fresh Perspective,” featured on the Now Playing Network, with her film lovin’ friend Jeff Broitman. Along with film, Rebecca is passionate about empowering and encouraging other women to follow their dreams and passions. View all posts by Rebecca Martin
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Home » Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
29.11.2018 Category: Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau Spouse, Height, Age, Children, Family, Body Statistics
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau is a Danish screenwriter, producer, and actor best known for his duty as Jaime Lannister in HBO’s hit series, Video game of Thrones– a program which is on a regular basis described as one of the greatest television programs of all time. Nikolaj’s performance as Jaime Lannister was extremely well gotten and also praised leading to him winning numerous honors for his portrayal.
Over the years he has won a Satellite Award for Best Sustaining Star in a Series, Miniseries or Television Movie, a Critics’ Choice Tv Award for Finest Sustaining Star in a Drama Collection, an Individuals’s Choice Award for Favorite TV Anti-Hero, a Gold Derby TELEVISION Award for Finest Drama Sustaining Actor, a Zulu Award for Ideal Actor and a Saturn Award for Finest Supporting Star on Television.
In 1993, Nikolaj graduated from the Danish National College of Theater in Copenhagen. His development function came a year later on when he played Martin Bork in the 1994 film Nightwatch. Since then, his résumé has broadened and he has taken place to appear in a number of films consisting of A Thousand Times Good Night, The Other Woman as well as Headhunters.
The actor’s very first American motion picture function remained in 2001 when he starred as Gary Gordon in Academy Prize-winning film– Black Hawk Down. He also starred as the lead character in New Amsterdam, a 2008 FOX network television program. The Dutch star after that played Leader Frank Pike on the 2009 movie Virtuality. Nevertheless, regardless of leading numerous of these projects, he didn’t come to be a household name till he landed his function on Game Of Thrones.
In 2017, he signed on to narrate one of the fairy tales, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, for a celeb narration app, GivingTales. He has actually stated that he was exceptionally happy to do the task considering that the writer of The Steadfast Tin Soldier is a huge component of his nation’s society.
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau is likewise a fan of Leeds United, an English football club.
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau was born on the 27th of July, 1970 in Rudkøbing, Denmark. Though born in Rudkøbing, he grew up in Tybjerg. His mom, Hanne Søborg Coster, was a curator as well as his daddy (that passed away in 1998) was Jørgen Oscar Fritzer Waldau.
The actor has two older sis as well as was increased mainly by his mother since the separation of his parents. Nikolaj has been open concerning his dad’s alcoholism as well as his parents’ divorce in many of his interviews.
He participated in the Danish National Institution of Theater as well as Contemporary Dancing from 1989 to 1993. He was likewise the youngest star to be admitted to the college.
His Household, Wife, as well as Youngsters
In 1998, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau got married to Nukâka, a starlet, as well as vocalist from Greenland. His wife was additionally a former Miss Greenland and she competed in the 1990 Miss Universe Contest. The couple presently cope with their two youngsters in Kongens Lyngby.
Nikolaj and Nukâka have two daughters with each other, Filippa who was birthed in 2000 and Safina born in 2003. They likewise have two pet dogs. Their child, Filippa, is a hopeful actress who starred in the brief film, The Girl and the Dogs. The movie was received 2014’s Cannes Film Festival.
Nikolaj’s father-in-law is Josef Motzfeldt, previous leader of the Area of the People celebration and also member of the Parliament of Greenland.
Read Additionally: Jason Momoa’s Height, Weight, As Well As Body Dimensions
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau’s Elevation as well as Body Statistics
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau’s elevation is detailed at 6 feet 2 in (188 cm) and he weighs 87 kg (192 extra pounds)– which is suitable for his elevation. His various other body statistics are Chest– 43 inches (109 centimeters), Arms/ Arms– 16 in (41 centimeters) and Waistline– 34 in (86 centimeters).
It is easy to understand that the actor is in form because his function in Game Of Thrones can be literally demanding. Consequently, he complies with a healthy and balanced diet however not a stringent exercise regimen. For information purposes, the actor does work out frequently yet he does not follow a fixed regimen since he gets really bored quite conveniently. The star has stated that his preferred workout is the ‘bring up’, while his the very least preferred is the ‘burpee’.
Nikolaj is additionally recognized to mass up for certain roles that require it, like his duty in Shot Caller. From his physique, one can quickly tell that he places in a great deal of initiative to look comparable to he does. Presently, his existing diet plan continues to be unidentified to the public.
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GSTN arming itself against potential cyber attacks
GSTN is in the process of setting up a separate cybersecurity entity that will monitor the platform on a 24/7 basis and is looking to rope in a third-party firm for the unit through a bidding process.
Mugdha Variyar & Surabhi Agarwal
BENGALURU|NEW DELHI: In order to make the technology infrastructure of the country's largest tax reform completely fool proof against any cyber-attacks, the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN), the agency that is in charge of the technological infrastructure and services for the indirect tax regime, is in the process of setting up a separate cybersecurity entity that will monitor the platform on a 24/7 basis. The agency is currently in the process of roping in a third-party firm for the unit through a bidding process.
"While GSTN has basic security mechanism in place built by Infosys at the time of going live, security threats are continuously evolving and the agency needs to have a separate security set-up that will monitor the systems 247," said a source aware of the developments.
While Infosys, which is the Managed Service Provider (MSP) for GSTN under a five-year contract, will also take care of the security of the network, the third-party centre will make sure that no loopholes remain in the system which can be exploited by cybercriminals.
"The idea behind the independent centre is to make sure that nothing is left as far as ensuring the security of the system is concerned," said a GSTN official who did not wish to be identified. The person added that the project has been discussed with the Security Advisory Board of the government last week and the centre is expected to be operational in the next 2-3 months.
The new monitoring and analytics centre will analyse user data and even behavioural patterns to alert about discrepancies and fraud attempts. "Since all the data, even from GST Suvidha Providers (GSPs) and Application Service Providers (ASPs), flows through the GSTN portal, the monitoring will indirectly extend to them as well," the source mentioned above said.
The GSTN has shortlisted 34 companies to be GSPs and provide tax-filing platforms for businesses by developing on the GSTN's APIs. Over 60% of the 8-million taxpaying enterprises, who will migrate to the GSTN platform, have already created their accounts on the portal. The GST is now expected to roll out in the country from July 1.
Cybersecurity has become a major concern in recent times and several incidents of data hacking by groups such as Legion have forced authorities to bolster security mechanisms especially where sensitive data is concerned.
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States record jump in VAT collections after note ban
Most states witnessed a sharp increase in sales tax collections, with those of Nagaland, Meghalaya and J&K surging by 133%, 84% and 82%, respectively.
Deepshikha Sikarwar
NEW DELHI: Demonetisation seems to have led to a windfall for states thanks to a spurt in value added tax (VAT) collections since Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s November 8 announcement, according to the latest data.
This appears to undermine the contention that the cash crunch punctured demand after the government invalidated Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 currency notes.
Most states witnessed a sharp increase in sales tax collections, with those of Nagaland, Meghalaya and Jammu & Kashmir surging by 133%, 84% and 82%, respectively.
The combined VAT collections of 23 states, which have provided data to the Centre, was up 18.1% in November, suggesting strong sales. For December, data is available for 17 states and that shows a rise in tax on the sale of goods at 8.9%.
The data substantiates the central government’s claims that demonetisation has had a positive impact on revenue collection.
The Centre’s own revenues were up sharply in November. Among the big states, only West Bengal reported a VAT contraction of 7.84% in December.
Economists however were cautious about making definitive judgements based on the data. “This seems to be largely because traders rushed to get rid of old notes... booked higher sales,” said Abheek Barua, chief economist, HDFC Bank. “It could also be due to the increase in petrol and diesel prices.”
DK Joshi of Crisil described the revenue increase as a blip.
“This jump is due to demonetisation. Traders would have deposited higher taxes to get rid of old currency. They would have collected dues against sales and paid taxes on them,” he said.
Tax collections for a number of states in December continued to show higher growth than October though lower than November. Barua said the move toward cashless payments will have a positive impact on tax collections in long run.
MANUFACTURING HOLDING ON?
According to VAT collection data for November and December 2016, the manufacturing states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu showed growth in both the months over the same period a year earlier. For Gujarat, the other big manufacturing state, data is not available.
Maharashtra’s VAT collections grew 25.99 % in November and 16.73 % in December against 4.74% in October. Tamil Nadu’s VAT collections grew 5.96%, 9.72% and 11% in October, November and December, respectively.
Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura saw a decline in November VAT collections though they had seen a rise in October. West Bengal and Kerala showed lower growth over October. West Bengal's collections fell by about 8% in December. Meghalaya witnessed a decline of 66.41% in December 2016. Uttar Pradesh reported a 16% surge in VAT collections in November and followed that with a 6.9% rise in December.
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VANITY CLAIRE
FOOD INTOLE-RANT
Ali Barter | History Grrrls
January 10, 2019 Posted in CULTURE, MUSIC
Gender inequality exists in Australia’s music industry. To deny such a thing is indicative only of ignorance, but despite the glaring discrepancies between the treatment of different genders in the industry, Ali Barter is optimistic about the state of gender affairs.
“It’s something that is changing, and we’re talking in this way more. It’s a great time to be a woman playing music, especially in Australia. There’s such a wide variety of women playing music, too, there’s not just one kind of music for women, there’s girls doing everything,” she says.
“What we really want is equality, we want it to be not newsworthy that there’s an all women lineup. For nobody to bat an eyelid.”
Alongside Alex Lahey, Gretta Ray, and Jack River, to name a few, Barter features on the Electric Lady lineup, a collection of some of these powerful female presences on Australia’s music scene. But so much more than just an all female music lineup, Electric Lady is putting a spotlight on the strength of women in music, politics, science, sport, and beyond.
“The most important thing about having women represented in music, or any industry, is that it gives women permission to do what they’re doing,” Barter says, reflecting on the value of representation in her own experience in music.
“As a child, if you only see men play guitar, there’s a little part of you that only thinks men can play the guitar. If you let them know this movement is happening, it gives little girls permission to pick up an electric guitar as well.”
Female songwriters have had a profound impact on the 31-year-old Melbourne artist. Female representation, or a lack thereof, have played a large role in encouraging Barter to pursue her career.
“For a long time I thought that women didn’t write songs, because the pop stars you grew up with are sort of manufactured, they’re not writing their songs. When I found women who wrote their own songs, and they may not be well known, not huge stars, but finding those women I could identify with, that was big for me,” she says.
Bringing the stories of many of these relatively unknown women to the public through her History Grrrls project, an idea that was born in a university classroom in a music history class, an initiative she followed after writing an article for Junkee on the lack of a female voice in music history.
“Each week was based on two artists, and six weeks in I realised none of the main people we were talking about were women, and I just thought it was fucked. Why are no women the main, central idea in this class? Women were talked about, but it was because they contributed to men’s music.”
History Grrls sees Barter choose a weekly female artist from the hallowed halls of music history, to create a playlist, and write the history of and share with the music community.
The idea of a supportive community in the industry is something Barter is adamant to foster, one of the positives to what can be an extremely difficult lifestyle.
“It’s really important to have people around you who are doing the same thing because it is a really challenging life, it’s very unpredictable, it’s very taxing on your self esteem, and there’s so much wrapped up in this thing that’s so fickle, but it’s your art. And we love it.”
Her enduring friendship with fellow Melbourne muso Ben Wright-Smith is a part of that support system, and she speaks nothing but glowing praise for him, as he does her.
“Especially when you’re not making any money. Why else would you do it, when you can’t pay the rent, you can’t buy Christmas presents for people, if you didn’t love it. And to be around other people that feel the same way is really important,” she says.
“Also because your head tells you you’re a piece of shit all the time. That you’re shit one day, and the best thing in the world another day, so having someone else to talk to and have them get it, that’s so important.”
Originally published in Beat Magazine.
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Home Overcome 7 ways to help yourself and others navigate the drinking scene
7 ways to help yourself and others navigate the drinking scene
Not everyone likes to drink in college. For those who do, there are plenty of times when you may not feel like it (e.g., you’ve got exams to study for, an 8 a.m. lecture, an intramural soccer match coming up). So when someone hands you a drink, why can it sometimes feel super awkward to say, “No thanks”?
Social pressures are often unspoken
In our survey, 83 percent of college students said they’re confident turning down a drink they don’t want—and that’s great. But peer pressure more often occurs indirectly. Simply being in the presence of someone else drinking, for example, can make you more likely to join in.
That peer influence isn’t inherently bad, says Dr. Mitch Prinstein, distinguished professor and director of clinical psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “We learn from our peers all the time, and they help us make lots of great decisions,” he explains. “The key is to know when peers have too much influence.”
Part of the pressure to follow the crowd is due to your basic biology. “At puberty, our brains develop in specific ways that make us care about our social standing more than ever before. We always feel the pressure to fit in, but before the age of 25, we have a hard time overcoming that pressure because the region of our brains that promotes inhibition is not fully developed,” says Dr Prinstein. In other words, in college, we have a supercharged drive to want to fit in—but our mental brakes haven’t fully developed. While your ability to handle social pressure gets better as you age, there’s still a drive to cave to social pressure to drink in your 20s, 30s, and beyond, says Dr. Prinstein. “That brain development affects us for the rest of our lives.”
So if you don’t want to drink, how do you resist without busting your social scene?
It’s all about confidence
“Being able to resist the pressure depends on the student’s power and ability to feel content with themselves,” says Patricia Saltzman, licensed social worker and substance abuse counselor in Manchester, Connecticut. “Low self-esteem makes it a lot harder for [students] to stand up for themselves.”
The best way to feel good? Respecting your own boundaries. Being up front and honest is sometimes more respected than accepting a drink you don’t want. “Stand firm in your own values,” Dr. Prinstein says. “When we have high self-esteem, we have sources of self-assurance that come from places other than peer feedback,” such as your group of friends, your family, or the career you’re building. “It’s good for college students and adults to know that it’s totally natural to want to feel liked and included,” he says. But that doesn’t mean someone’s opinion of you at a party defines your sense of acceptance or self-worth.
Understanding insecurity
Of course it’s not always easy to flick a switch and suddenly emit confidence. Insecurity can impair your choices, making it a lot harder to stand up for yourself. It’s perfectly fine to want to be liked, but the people who truly care about you will want what’s best for you.
If you find yourself in a situation where friends ask you to do things you’re uncomfortable with, take a couple steps back and reevaluate your friendship. Do these people truly care about your well-being? Listen to your instincts, and think about spending more time with friends who will respect your boundaries and desires.
“People might make us feel crummy sometimes, but one thing you can do is ask yourself: ‘Is this person important [to me]? By how much?’ and ‘Who are the people I care about and who care about me?’ Taking a step back and getting some perspective really helps.”
—Tiffany K., fifth-year undergraduate, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Here are 7 effective ways to tell someone you don’t want a drink—and the best way to respond, if you’re on the other side
“Explain why you can’t drink: work the next day, studying, running a race, etc.”
—Alexa P., third-year graduate student, Georgia State University
How to say it
“I’d love to, but I’m running a half marathon next week and I’m trying to set a new personal record.”
How to hear it
“Oh, that’s awesome! I respect your willpower. How often do you train?”
“Hold a drink, but don’t drink it.”
—Courtney K., second-year graduate student, Marquette University, Wisconsin
“Thanks, but I’ve already got one.”
(Note: You can also respond by getting a drink yourself and making it without any alcohol.)
Student tip
“Keep it lighthearted, and they’ll move on to something else. The more you sit there and explain your choice, the more attention you draw to the fact the you’re not drinking and the more awkward it makes the situation. I also like the idea of getting your own drink and holding it. Maybe you’re not drinking alcohol, but you can still connect with the group.”
—Delaina E., first-year student, Boise State University, Idaho
“It’s completely OK to turn down a drink. You may not feel comfortable drinking, or you’ve already had too much and reached your limit.”
—Lauren B., fourth-year undergraduate student, Kutztown University, Pennsylvania
“Nah, I’m in a good zone right now, thanks.”
“Good call—maybe I shouldn’t get another one either. I’m really trying to not be hungover tomorrow.”
“I’ve had really positive experiences with just saying, ‘No thanks, I don’t drink,’ which is awesome. Everyone was really supportive and told me, ‘Don’t ever change.’”
“Say, ‘Thanks, but I have to drive.’”
—Dyana C., fifth-year undergraduate student, California State University Northridge
“I’d love to, but I’m driving tonight.”
“Oh, gotcha—didn’t realize! Can I get you something else?”
“Say that you can’t for health reasons.”
—Sam V., second-year undergraduate student, University of Wyoming
“I’m trying to be healthier, so I’m cutting back on alcohol this month—it ruins my workouts.”
“That’s cool. What other changes have you been making?”
“Say you don’t want it. Act confident in your decision, and others won’t bother you about it.”
—Haley M., third-year undergraduate student, Clemson University, South Carolina
“No thanks, I’m all set for the night.”
“The thing seen as most cool by people is when someone makes their own decision confidently and stands by it. That kind of confidence is hard to fake.”
—Dr. Mitch Prinstein, distinguished professor and director of clinical psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
“Your confident attitude will be contagious. Others who may not have the strength to say no may find it just [by] watching you. Be a leader!”
—Jeani K., first-year online student, Shasta College, California
“Say you’d love a drink but would prefer starting off with something nonalcoholic.”
—Lindsay M., second-year graduate student, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada
“I really haven’t hydrated enough today. Would you have something without alcohol in it to start me off?”
“Absolutely! Water?”
How to respect others’ drinking decisions
Maybe you feel weird being the only one drinking, so you recruit your buddies to join in. Or perhaps you’re worried they’ll miss out on the fun if they don’t throw back a few. Whatever the reason, if you’re the one handing red solo cups to everyone, take a moment to check in with yourself.
Keep these tips in mind:
Show support by letting up on your own drinking.
Let your friends know that not drinking won’t affect your relationship.
Apologize if you made your friend feel uncomfortable.
Suggest a different activity that doesn’t involve alcohol.
Remember that going out is an opportunity to spend time with friends.
clemson.edu/studenthealth
clemson.edu/healthy-campus
clemson.edu/alcohol
Get help or find out more
Facts about alcohol overdose: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Overcoming drug and alcohol abuse in college: Start your recovery
Alcohol and other drug resources: Northwestern University
Calculate Blood Alcohol Concentration: HealthStatus
Jann Gumbiner, PhD, licensed psychologist and clinical professor at the University of California, Irvine College of Medicine, Irvine, California.
Mitch Prinstein, PhD, ABPP, John Van Seters distinguished professor and director of clinical psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Patricia Saltzman, licensed clinical social worker and substance abuse counselor, Child Guidance Community Clinic, Manchester, Connecticut.
Geiger, B. B., & MacKerron, G. (2016). Can alcohol make you happy? A subjective wellbeing approach. Social Science & Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953616301344
Kinard, B., & Webster, C. (2010). The effects of advertising, social influences, and self-efficacy on adolescence tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 44(1), 24–43. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01156.x
Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clinical Psychological Review, 25(7), 841–861.
Mascarelli, A. L. (2012, October 17). The teenage brain. Society for Science & the Public. Retrieved from https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/teenage-brain
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). College drinking. Retrieved from https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/CollegeFactSheet/Collegefactsheet.pdf
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2009). Make a difference: Talk to your child about alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/MakeADiff_HTML/makediff.htm
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2016, January). Underage drinking. Retrieved from https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/UnderageDrinking/UnderageFact.htm
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2012, March 2). Peers increase teen driving risk via heightened reward activity. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2012/03/peers-increase-teen-driving-risk-heightened-reward-activity
Palmeri, J. M. (2011). Peer pressure and alcohol use amongst college students. Retrieved from https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/appsych/opus/issues/2011/fall/peer
Regan, D., & Morrison, T. G. (2011). Development and validation of a scale measuring attitudes toward non-drinkers. Substance Use and Misuse, 46, 580–590. doi:10.3109/10826084.2010.518748
Sandahl, E. (2016, April 1). Do you drink? Exploring the reasons behind your choices. Student Health 101, 2(15). Retrieved from https://sh101academy.getsh101.com/do-you-drink/
Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28(1), 78–106.
Student Health 101 survey, July 2016.
Teese, R., & Bradley, G. (2008). Predicting recklessness in emerging adults: A test of a psychosocial model. Journal of Social Psychology, 148(1), 105–126.
Terry-McElrath, Y. M., O’Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2009). Reasons for drug use among American youth by consumption level, gender, and race/ethnicity: 1976–2005. Journal of Drug Issues, 39(3), 677–714. Retrieved from https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/family-home-consumer/adolescent-alcohol-and-other-drug-abuse-10-216/
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Diana Whelan
Diana Whelan is a senior copywriter at CLEAResult. Previously, she was the managing editor at Student Health 101, and has written and edited articles for condition-specific publications distributed in physician offices nationwide. She holds a BA in Rhetoric & Professional Writing from the University of Hartford.
Ask the nutritionist: “Sugar (e.g., candy bars) is the only thing that gets me to sit down and study. How do I stop this...
Ask the professor: “Any tips on managing anxiety when speaking in front of people?”
304 Fike Recreation Center
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Marvel's David Gabriel Clarifies Secret Wars Plans & Hints At What Is Beyond
By James Viscardi - September 6, 2017 01:50 pm EDT
Big changes are coming to the Marvel Universe this May as Marvel unleashes Secret Wars unto the masses. Everything you know and love about your favorite characters is about to be turned on its head courtesy of writer Jonathan Hickman and artist Esad Ribic. Not only will the event have major ramifications in the Marvel Universe, but Marvel's entire publishing plans as well. We spoke to Marvel's SVP of Sales & Marketing, David Gabriel about what fans can expect and what to look forward to. Not only that, but we have a ton of new art to show you, including new variant cover by Skottie Young.
Before we dive deep into Secret Wars, I wanted to ask about books that will be ending during the event. There have been many new titles announced that will be happening during the event, but what are fans supposed to make of the "Everything Ends" teaser Marvel released?
It means that there will be a “616 finale!” and that means exactly what many fans have suspected – everything ends. We’ve been saying it over and over again but at the core, Battleworld IS the Marvel Universe when Secret Wars #1 hits in May. But before that, there will be a number of titles reaching, what we’re calling, a “616 finale,” ending those stories and characters as you knew them – for now!
Now in a perfect world, we’d have stopped every book with its April issue, putting out a nice clean May Previews catalog. Everyone would have seen upfront all those titles that had their finale, and all those titles that were starting fresh. But things don’t always go so easily.
Instead we gave our creators the option to end their stories the way they wanted to; we let them tell "Last Days" stories if they wanted to; we let them tell Secret Wars stories if they wanted to. So in the end Secret Wars truly has been a creative driven process.
So for now, here are the titles that will be reaching their 616 Finale over the next few months:
All-New Captain America
All-New Ghost Rider
All-New X-Men
Amazing X-Men
Angela: Asgard’s Assassin
Avengers World
Guardians 3000
Iron Fist: The Living Weapon
Miles Morales: Ultimate Spider-Man
Secret Avengers
Spider-Man & The X-Men
Spider-Man 2099
Superior Iron Man
Secret Wars is unlike any event ever published. It’s not just an event with a few tie-ins, it’s an entirely new publishing line, an entirely new television network’s fall line-up if you will. It’s not unlike what was done in the 1990s with Age of Apocalypse. Even then, that was just the X-Men titles. But this is so much more. The entire Marvel Universe will be affected in some really shocking, really surprising ways. And that’s just the beginning of the fun!
On that note, there are also some titles that have just started, or yet to start. What about books like Spider-Gwen, and Howard the Duck. Will they live outside of what is happening during the event and catch up when it's over?
Secret Wars will affect every title in some way shape or form so you can definitely expect Spider-Gwen, Howard the Duck, All-New Hawkeye and others to deal with it in their own ways. Like I mentioned before, none of our creators were blindsided by Secret Wars so they’ve all had plenty of time to work it to their advantage – catering to their own tastes and storytelling, using the event to add something new to the Marvel Universe that wasn’t there before. Of course, existing titles and franchises will also be affected – the Avengers, the X-Men, the Inhumans, the Fantastic Four, Spider-Man and the rest of the Marvel line. But some of those books had a little more time to get up to speed with what we had planned, so allowances needed to be made.
Keep in mind that even though we all knew Secret Wars was on the horizon, we still needed to publish comics until then! Look at what we’ve been putting out there since October. From the new Thor, All-New Captain America, Superior Iron Man, Ant Man, Squirrel Girl, Silk, Spider-Gwen, Howard the Duck and on up through Uncanny Inhumans, it’s pretty clear that we’ve continued month after month to excite the industry with new ideas, new concepts, new characters! We’ve had a plan for each and every title in our line, from the All-New Ghost Riders to the Spider-Gwens and Howard the Ducks and even throughout our core titles. Some may take a hiatus for a month or two (something the industry is accustomed to); some will reach their “616 finale;” some become Battleworld transformed; and still others…well we’ll get to those!
There are a few different banners that these Secret Wars books are carrying. Between Battleworld, Last Days & Warzones!, how did you decide which book got what banner?
It came out of a desire to make it as easy as possible for fans and retailers to digest. Axel [Alonso] sat with creators and editors last year and asked them all what kinds of stories they wanted to tell. In talking to Jonathan [Hickman] about the nuts and bolts of Secret Wars and with the individual teams on how their stories fit in – we carefully crafted those three different banners of titles.
But let me break it down:
-LAST DAYS titles are creators bringing their stories to their natural conclusions before the destruction of the Marvel Universe. What would you do if you knew it was your last day on Earth? What would your favorite Marvel characters do? Bringing it back to the television analogy, these would be the newscasts!
-BATTLEWORLD titles are almost like our regular monthly titles. The core continuity. These books are what’s happening in the Secret Wars Universe and the continuity of Battleworld. How do these territories all co-exist? How do they work? These books will tell you all you need to know about what’s happening during the event. In the TV season analogy, these would be the primetime shows.
-WARZONES! are the building blocks of the Marvel Universe, event level stories all on their own. While these are mostly self-contained, they’re also grand pieces of continuity from Marvel’s past and new spins on existing favorites. All of which are laying foundations for a new Marvel Universe. Each of these stories can be read on their own, but you can bet that each of these titles is going to have a big effect on the future of the Marvel Universe post-Secret Wars. Finally in the TV season analogy the Warzones! titles would be the Oscars, Grammys, Super Bowl, and the Saturday Night Live 40th anniversary special rolled into one!
Another short and easy way to remember that: LAST DAYS are the Past, BATTLEWORLD is the present, and WARZONES! are the future.
Also, it's been noted in the press releases for these announcements that they're a Secret Wars "series" and not a "tie-in." Can you explain the difference?
To us, the term “tie-in” has such a narrow scope in terms of ONLY relating to one central story. That term doesn’t really describe these. Secret Wars series are the Marvel Universe series throughout the time it takes us to tell Secret Wars.
For example, during Secret Wars Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows is the “core” Spider-Man series. That should be pretty obvious considering Dan Slott is writing it. Dan’s current Amazing Spider-Man title isn’t a “Marvel Universe Tie-In”, just like Renew Your Vows isn’t a “Secret Wars tie-in”.
Some folks have asked us to define a Secret Wars series, and that’s simple. A Secret Wars series exists while Battleworld exists. And every story told on Battleworld is going to provide clues to the future of the Marvel Universe.
Looking at Secret Wars as a larger publishing plan, comic fans will definitely see similarities between this event and like you mentioned earlier, Age of Apocalypse. Given what came at the end of AoA, can fans expect something similar for Secret Wars?
Remember, at the time Age of Apocalypse was one of the most unique story/sales marketing programs ever attempted in comics. I think we can all agree 20 years later it was a rousing success still talked about today. Age of Apocalypse left a long shadow on the X-Men franchise for many years and effects from that story are still in play. You can expect Secret Wars to behave the same way, only amplified exponentially.
Axel Alonso and Tom Brevoort have been working very closely with the individual creative teams to ensure that each and every title is additive to the Marvel Universe. New characters, new locations, new villains and so much more are going to be born in these pages. And you can bet you’re going to see those reflected post-Secret Wars.
This is the finale of the 616 universe, and it’s going to be BIG. We needed to take the time to announce all of our May and June books before we could begin to talk about what comes after! And even now we have to keep a tight lid on so much excitement that sometimes we’re all fighting with each over about how much we want to contain. So many fans want to know the ending of Secret Wars before it’s even started. While you’ll all have to wait and see, I will say this:
DON’T miss the All-New, All-Different Avengers Free Comic Book Day issue. It’s your first glimpse into what’s to come.
What has the retailer response been to the event?
Great! We’re going to surpass a half a million units on the first issue which is amazing. And that’s just selling straight to our Direct Market core retailers. We’ve had an extremely successful year in bringing in new fans and retail partners but I’m extremely proud to bring such a big number to local comic shops. Our marketing team deserves a ton of credit, but it’s also a testament to the strong titles the editors and creators put together.
Also we have nearly tripled the amount of retailers who are involved in the Secret Wars launch parties as opposed to those who normally participate.
All in all, they’re just as excited about it as we are. Retailers and fans have been with us since we announced Secret Wars on a cold night back in October. It’s been a crazy ride so far, and we’ve had every indication that they’re sticking around for more. We think everyone realizes that the future of the Marvel Universe is beginning here and the entire comics industry is looking to see what we do next! Retailers know that means more fans in their stores and more money in their pockets. We’re thrilled they’re on board with this entire initiative.
So there you have it ComicBook.com readers! Are you excited for what Marvel has planned this Summer? Let us know below!
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Journalism students at the forefront of G20 reporting
Students from The University of Queensland’s School of Journalism and Communication are reporting for a worldwide audience on the G20 Summit being held in Brisbane on 15 and 16 November.
They are creating multimedia packages that can be viewed on the UQG20 website. Their television reports and commentaries will be broadcast live on the Global Campus Network (GCN). GCN is an initiative of Ryerson University in Toronto and involves partner tertiary institutions from Hyderabad to Auckland and Dublin to Denmark.
UQ is the newest partner in the GCN and the G20 will be our first programming project.
The emphasis is on analysis and opinion – addressing questions such as “What has the G20 achieved?”; “What important issues has it failed to tackle?” and especially “How do Gen Y students around the world regard politics and international relations as exemplified by the G20?”
Students interviewing LNP Federal MP, Wyatt Roy at St Lucia.
The project has received wide-spread media attention. Our students have been approached by The Australian, Brisbane’s Courier Mail and the Sunshine Coast Daily newspapers. SJC students have been booked to appear on Channel 9 TV News, 4BC Radio, ABC Local Radio, ABC Statewide Radio, and are booked for Channel 7’s national TV morning show Sunrise, this Saturday and Sunday.
Nine SJC students are involved with the project – you can view their profiles and content via the UQG20 website. Lecturer in Journalism, Bruce Woolley, is coordinating SJC’s involvement, and former ABC Producer, Peter Lewis, is assisting the students and production teams as Executive Producer.
Five students have received media accreditation to attend the Summit, and one will be covering President Obama’s speech at UQ this Saturday.
The project has already proven an invaluable experience for our students, and offered extensive content for media outlets across the state.
For more on the Global Campus Network, click here:
Keep up to date with #uqG20 via Twitter and the UQG20 webpage.
The Valerie Joy Prize in Film and Television Studies 2018 Winner Ms Olivia Ustariz
UQ Drama Creative Fellowship
New journalism scholarship for Indigenous students
UQ Journalism students report G20 Summit
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Update: Mystery Flying Cryptid
Posted by: Loren Coleman on July 24th, 2006
This is the original uncropped photograph.
Thanks to beautifu11ybroken and Iggy Makarevich for their separate assistance in obtaining this.
Does the full-framed photo give some more helpful insights into what this might be?
For more details on this photograph, please see the previous posting on the Mystery Flying Cryptid Photo.
About Loren Coleman
Loren Coleman is one of the world’s leading cryptozoologists, some say “the” leading living cryptozoologist. Certainly, he is acknowledged as the current living American researcher and writer who has most popularized cryptozoology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Starting his fieldwork and investigations in 1960, after traveling and trekking extensively in pursuit of cryptozoological mysteries, Coleman began writing to share his experiences in 1969. An honorary member of Ivan T. Sanderson’s Society for the Investigation of the Unexplained in the 1970s, Coleman has been bestowed with similar honorary memberships of the North Idaho College Cryptozoology Club in 1983, and in subsequent years, that of the British Columbia Scientific Cryptozoology Club, CryptoSafari International, and other international organizations. He was also a Life Member and Benefactor of the International Society of Cryptozoology (now-defunct). Loren Coleman’s daily blog, as a member of the Cryptomundo Team, served as an ongoing avenue of communication for the ever-growing body of cryptozoo news from 2005 through 2013. He returned as an infrequent contributor beginning Halloween week of 2015. Coleman is the founder in 2003, and current director of the International Cryptozoology Museum in Portland, Maine.
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This entry was posted on Monday, July 24th, 2006 at 7:14 am and is filed under Breaking News, CryptoZoo News, Cryptozoology, Forensic Science, Thunderbirds. You can follow responses via our RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is not allowed.
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50 Responses to “Update: Mystery Flying Cryptid”
One Eyed Cat responds: July 24th, 2006 at 9:33 am
I do not see any shadow in the ‘meadow’ that corresponds to the UFO – in the true sense is how I mean that as it is unidentified. So it appears the object is close to or over the mountain in the background.
Suspect hoax or something really is over that mountain. What? Maybe some sort of experimental aircraft? Still not ready to call it a possible living animal.
English Boy responds: July 24th, 2006 at 9:34 am
well its not something on the lens or out like that its in the sky but possible could be anything.
JRC responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:02 am
It looks to me that it may be a chip in the lens glass. I agree with comments on the previous post that it most resembles a duck. Albeit a duck in a death spiral. There is just something wrong about the perspective of it for it to be further away from the camera and over the hills. It looks too large to fly that low, and also you would not not notice something that big. So there should be some testimony to support the validity of an animal if indeed this were an animal. It just seems out of place as if it has been “added”.
Mysteriousness responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:22 am
It looks a little like a kite to me. The way it is angled makes it look a little like there is a string attached to it that connects to someone off of the right side of the photo.
kaboobi responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:51 am
Looks like a hang glider or a kite to me..
MrInspector responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:55 am
This pic isn’t of sufficient resolution to make out any real detail. Had the last article not mentioned the camera was taking photos of deer, it would be impossible to distinguish these deer from horses or even coyote, much less make identification of the object in the sky. This image appears to have been reduced in size, does anyone still have access to the original image file before conversion? Optimizing graphics for webpages renders them useless for identification purposes, however .JPG are generally useless anyway because of the compression formulae used. Try using .BMP for original storage, as image detail and information is better preserved. 35mm film stock is still the best way to photo-document.
smylex responds: July 24th, 2006 at 11:04 am
it’s something, what it is, I don’t know?
I see what Mysteriousness is talking about and I agree. It looks like a glider style kite.
bipto responds: July 24th, 2006 at 11:12 am
Come on, guys, it’s a bug that flew by when the picture was snapped. Moth, dragonfly, or something like that.
iftheshoefits responds: July 24th, 2006 at 11:21 am
I’m still in agreement with Mnynames assessment in the previous post. It’s just trash possibly kicked up by the passing train.
twblack responds: July 24th, 2006 at 11:27 am
Not sure but I agree with some on the kite or hang glider theory. I think anyway.
Digger44 responds: July 24th, 2006 at 11:48 am
GREAT NEWS!!!!! I live near Plymouth, NH where this photo was claimed to be taken. The smudge isn’t the problem with the photo! There is a major issue with the story because we do not have red deer in NH. I have been hunting here for years. We have white tail deer and they certainly do not herd like the specs in the pic. Only thing that herds up here is cows and sheep. that pic doesn’t look like either. There are no handgliding areas near Plymouth that I know of, but it could be an ultralite (handglider with lawnmower engines). Ultralites use field like that to take off and land. Not sure about any passenger trains in Plymouth either. Maybe within 20 miles but not sure of Plymouth.
moregon responds: July 24th, 2006 at 12:07 pm
If it were a chip in the lens, I don’t believe this is the type of irregularity you’d see. If we could see the picture before this one was taken, and the one after we’d be able to determine if in fact it had anything to do with the camera. This picture does verify what I said in my post when the cropped edition of this picture was posted, that it was taken through the window of the train. Looking in the top left corner of this photo you can see the top window edge. Now I’m leaning towards it being something stuck to the outside glass of this window more than ever.
Forgot to hit submit before I left the house to go to a store. While coming back home I saw what appeared to be something flying with a profile similar to what’s been reported. The long tail-like appendage behind the body and wings. It makes me wonder how many of these might be misidentified Great Blue Herons. They fly with their legs stretched out behind them, and are quite large with wingspans of six feet or more.
mysticrhythms responds: July 24th, 2006 at 12:09 pm
Nothing more than a duck or goose – no big mystery here
Loren Coleman responds: July 24th, 2006 at 12:20 pm
Digger 44 is correct and incorrect. There are no “wild” red deer in New Hampshire. However, there are over 20 red deer and elk farms scattered around New Hampshire. Please note the fence in the foreground of the photo. Red deer on farms do herd.
So it’s back to square one, as the location-of-the-deer issue is a distraction, apparently.
shumway10973 responds: July 24th, 2006 at 1:08 pm
ok, important question about this pic: why are we using this one to “prove” the existance of flying dinos in Africa? This is New Hampshire? I thought, I might be wrong, that the east coast was pretty populated throughout. Something of that size would have been noticed and probably shot at. Well, whatever that thing is, it is unbalanced in many ways. If we are looking at a wing to the right, the left one seems longer. There seems to be the possibility of a fusalage. Also, whatever that is, it is posing no threat to the herd below. They are still standing around eating and stuff. If the flying dinos are/were carnivorous, and “this one” is a common thing around there, the animals would be in panic. It also couldn’t be a jet powered aircraft flying that low to the herd either, they would freak. It is possible that any shadow would still be in with the shadow of the hillside and trees. In fact it could be the “peak” of one of the shadows.
Mysteriousness responds: July 24th, 2006 at 1:45 pm
I just noticed something else about this full-framed photo: look in the upper left corner – doesn’t it look surprisingly artificial? And by artificial, I don’t mean Photoshop, I mean window-frame (as in not natural). Could this shot just be a photo someone took through a window of that heard and there was a nick/crack/smudge on the window?
harleyb responds: July 24th, 2006 at 2:15 pm
It could be a Pterosaur but in New Hampshire? And who would want to be close to that thing when it gets hungry?
Oxyatl responds: July 24th, 2006 at 2:17 pm
in the closeup picture it has the look of a dragon, torwards the backquarter of the object it looks like membranes of a downward sweeping wing.
swnoel responds: July 24th, 2006 at 2:30 pm
I am also from NH and by Oct. 25th the forest is either full of colored leaves or vacant of leaves…
The leaves on the left are green and appear to be a pix taken in another season not fall or at least farther south.
As far as the item in question I still believe it’s something on the lens or window.
I like the insect idea, but I’ll assume the train was moving and I believe that the camera wouldn’t be able to pick up an insect in the shot.
Loren Coleman responds: July 24th, 2006 at 2:50 pm
Well, shumway, if you still are concentrating on these points (“why are we using this one to ‘prove’ the existance of flying dinos in Africa? This is New Hampshire?”), I think you missed something in the postings.
It was published in “association” with a drawing of an African cryptid when a press release about a New Guinea cryptid was discussed. But obviously this was about what it might be, not whether or not it really was an African cryptid.
crypto_randz responds: July 24th, 2006 at 4:17 pm
The photo does have a beautiful scenery the picture to me is a question mark. You all have very good ideas to what is being seen in the picture. As I look at the photo it could be a fake? but then again it does show what looks like a giant bird like creature.
One Eyed Cat responds: July 24th, 2006 at 4:47 pm
Several good ideas here, but as for a flaw in the window I have to wonder if that would cause a crisper, cleaner, more detailed area instead of blurred.
MontanaJon responds: July 24th, 2006 at 5:11 pm
I can’t really determine an opinion on this one but I do have to say that if it was a chip on the lens, then wouldn’t this have appeared in all of the pictures taken?
M Valdemar responds: July 24th, 2006 at 5:29 pm
I was really intrigued with this photo when I first saw it, but the more I examined it, the more I realized that I recognize that shape. There’s a trick of scale going on, but in the opposite direction of the camera lens.
I say it’s a flock of starlings, way over on the other side of that ridge. The camera has caught them at the top of a big swoop, just as the whole flock is turning.
Here’s a closer view of swooping starlings, with a similar density and profile. [link]It doesn’t show the whole flock, but you can see the similar shape. Here’s an article about that photo. [link] Perhaps the mystery photo also shows starlings avoiding a predator.
mauka responds: July 24th, 2006 at 5:29 pm
A smear of the lens, I think NOT!
hanes responds: July 24th, 2006 at 5:55 pm
I am 99.9% sure it is a simple leaf blown by the wind! Just very close to the camera…
David V responds: July 24th, 2006 at 6:23 pm
Guys…..its a leaf.
kamoeba responds: July 24th, 2006 at 7:35 pm
I agree with David V. The leaf is blowing off the plant to the left of the photo.
superd responds: July 24th, 2006 at 7:37 pm
Here is my two cents worth, Could it be a picture taken from a car with the window up and the subject in question is actually some dirt on the car window? ( I think it would be the passager window as something like the roof is in the upper left corner, and ther seems to be a glare in the middle of the pic.
mrdark responds: July 24th, 2006 at 9:53 pm
Lemme see…a field of geese with a ‘ufo’ above it…I’m guessing it’s a GOOSE. Call me wacky.
Digger44 responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:34 pm
ok here is some further info. there is one red deer farm in Plymouth, NH used for meat sales. It is the first hit on Google if you search “red deer farm new hampshire.” It has to be the place the pic was taken.
youcantryreachingme responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:52 pm
Thank you Mysteriousness (17) and superd (30) – it took 17 messages before someone commented on the window frame!
One Eyed Cat (23) – of course it’s out of focus – the camera is focusing on infinity, not the window. See how the window frame itself has a blurry edge?
Keep in mind the context – the photographer did not recall anything flying when they took the photo – they only saw the shape once they viewed the exposures. You’d have to have tunnel vision to take that photo and not see a monster flying through the sky.
mrdark (31) – more like a goose *chase*!
Ole Bub responds: July 24th, 2006 at 10:54 pm
An obvious Silurian Bird of Prey from the Silurian hyperbole nebula replete with cryogenic embryoes of sasquatch hybrids ready for implantation in droves of receptive hypnotized psychic surrogate mothers recruited from the classified ads of the Enquirer…JMHO
Call the local TV folks….the Silurians saucer boys are back…
sometimes seeing ain’t believing…
ole beadyeyed bub
Nerull responds: July 24th, 2006 at 11:23 pm
I have seen this before, either on the C2C website (under the image section) or some other mystery website. It is either a still from a movie (it almost looks like rodan maybe) which has been superimposed on another picture, or it is from a book, (also with some original photo-shopping). Either way I am 100% sure I have seen this circulating on the web before. I will try to pinpoint where I saw it and report back. While I think there is something to the stories of African flying cryptids, this picture has nothing to do with it other than being mentioned as said above. But then again, thats just my two cents worth.
handofgod responds: July 25th, 2006 at 4:24 am
Looks like a bird to me..
Mnynames responds: July 25th, 2006 at 12:44 pm
The starlings is an interesting suggestion, but the object seems a bit too solid, or at least with relatively distinct edges, in my opinion…I think I have to stick with floating debris on this one…
moregon responds: July 25th, 2006 at 5:48 pm
youcantryreachingme wrong about the 17 messages before the window frame was mentioned. Check #13 I mentioned it there, and if you check the previous entry about this photo, in it’s cropped version from a couple days ago, I also suggested it was most likely shot through the train’s window. And I still believe it is nothing more than something stuck to the window.
Ah yes, the focus thing. I did not think of that, but then photography is not my medium for artwork, Pencil and paper are what I do most so any focusing problems I would do would be on purpose.
Just glad the art is starting to come back to me.
embrynat2000 responds: July 26th, 2006 at 2:06 am
klingon bird of prey
agile_eye responds: July 26th, 2006 at 3:43 am
Well, if it “is” something other than a glancing shot of bird-poop on the window, then it kinda looks like a goose or something similar coming in to land.
Possibly doing a vocal call, with its head thrown back slightly like that, in a glide prior to a wing-flapping flare and landing.
Having said that, if it was something on the window, then its possible it shouldnt be showing any of the apparent shading as seen on the close-up crop shown elswhere. With the backlighting of the bright scene behind, wouldn’t it be more of a uniformly dark blob?
Is this a digital photo? The quality kind of reminds me of an early Kodak digital camera I once owned, very similar date format style, that consistently took somewhat blurry images, no matter the setting.
But what do I know, just my two cents…
George Wagner responds: July 26th, 2006 at 4:36 am
My very first thought on seeing the image is that it is a piece of origami-style art, folded from a newspaper, and tossed up into the air for the breeze to catch it.
simian1 responds: July 26th, 2006 at 10:17 am
I’ll chime in with:
#1 – it’s a piece of dirt or a booger on the glass window.
#2 – a glider.
#3 – ole bub’s explanation is my fall back position 🙂
RHIANNON444 responds: July 26th, 2006 at 9:27 pm
it is a BUTTERFLY.
sschaper responds: July 29th, 2006 at 3:04 pm
Fruit bat? B2 flying away from the camera? Doesn’t look like the Canadian Geese we have here (Giant subspecies), which nearly outnumber the people.
ahandzus responds: August 13th, 2006 at 9:13 pm
You guys cant tell thats taken through a car window? The glass is broken on the right side of the car (actually probably a truck by the slope) and that is a half moon window chip. The reason is blurred is because its about 2 ft in front of the lense.
Also “whitetailed deer” can have several shades of color and one of them is a redish brown color usually in spring as they shed their winter coat. They can heard up in the Midwest into herds of 50 or more deer and out west “Montana” in heards of 100 or more is very common.
ilexoak responds: August 18th, 2006 at 10:00 pm
Photo was taken from a train? Appears to be a leaf blown off a nearby tree as the train goes by. It’s proximity to the train makes it appear larger.
Seraphine responds: August 28th, 2006 at 3:08 pm
On first inspection I immediately thought of a hang glider. It certainly doesn’t look like anything alive.
I live in NH, and I was astonished when I saw this was taken in NH because I believe I saw a giant bird once.
I am not certain that it wasn’t due to distance and perception, but as I was driving down 11A in Gilford (near Gunstock Mountain) I caught a shadow from the corner of my eye. It was a clearly bird, and seemed rather large, so I assumed it was flying at a relatively close distance, almost parallel to me.
But then I saw it pass out of view, BEHIND one of the mountains in the distance, and realized it had to have been much farther away than I thought, and thus much, much larger than a normal bird.
Wesker responds: December 11th, 2006 at 7:17 pm
To me that looks like a giant bat, but a species like that only lives in india
Remus responds: February 6th, 2007 at 10:42 pm
I lived in Giford NH for many years. I also rode many of the coal fired steam trains that run for the tourist trade. They leave trails of large, fluffy ASH in their wake…
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CSHL Press News
Whole-genome sequencing of Atacama skeleton shows novel mutations linked with dysplasia
6-inch tall human skeleton found to be Chilean female with multiple disease-associated mutations
Mummified specimen from Atacama region of Chile.
CREDIT: EMERY SMITH.
March 22, 2018 – In 2003, scientists made a surprising discovery of a 6-inch mummified humanoid skeleton in the Atacama region of Chile with an estimated bone age of about 6-8 years old at the time of death. The specimen's exceptionally small stature and multiple skeletal abnormalities, including a cone-shaped skull led to widespread speculation on its origin. In a study published today in Genome Research, whole genome sequencing of the Atacama (Ata) skeleton offers insights into its ancestry and strange phenotype.
Early analyses revealed that the Ata skeleton contained high-quality DNA that was suitable for modern sequencing technology. "This was an unusual specimen with some fairly extraordinary claims put forward. … it would be an example of how to use modern science to answer the question "what is it?" says senior author Garry Nolan from Stanford University. Using DNA extracted from the bone marrow, Nolan and his colleagues conducted a whole-genome sequence analysis of Ata.
Sequencing reads were aligned to human and non-human primate reference genomes, including chimpanzee and rhesus macaque, which revealed Ata to be of human origin. Ata's Chilean ancestry was resolved by comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against a database of known SNPs from diverse geographical populations. The ratio of sequence read alignment to the X and Y Chromosomes revealed that Ata was female.
The researchers next probed for genetic clues that could explain Ata's small stature, multiple bone and skull abnormalities, abnormal rib count, and premature bone age. They found multiple mutations in genes associated with diseases such as dwarfism, scoliosis, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Surprisingly, Nolan claims Ata's "dramatic phenotype could in fact be explained with a relatively short list of mutations in genes known previously to be associated with bone development."
"This is a great example of how studying ancient samples can teach us how to analyze modern day medical samples" say co-author Atul Butte, UCSF. Future studies employing deeper sequencing and analyses of the novel sequence variations found in Ata may improve our understanding of the functional basis of genetic skeletal disorders.
Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, Roche Sequencing Solutions, Stanford University, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ultra Intelligence Corporation, and Stanford University School of Medicine contributed to this work. The study was supported by the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health, the University of California San Francisco endowment, the Human Frontier Science Program Fellowship, and the Rachford and Carlota A. Harris Professorship.
The authors are available for more information by contacting Laura Kurtzman, UCSF Communications (Laura.Kurtzman@ucsf.edu ); or Hanae Armitage, Stanford press office (harmitag@stanford.edu); 650-725-5376 [office]).
Interested reporters may obtain copies of the manuscript via email from Dana Macciola, Administrative Assistant, Genome Research (macciol@cshl.edu; +1-516-422-4012).
The manuscript will be published online ahead of print on 22 March 2018. Its full citation is as follows:
Bhattacharya S, Li J, Sockell A, Kan M, Bava F, Chen, S, �vila-Arcos M, Ji X, Smith E, Asadi N, Lachman R, Lam H, Bustamante C, Butte A, Nolan G. 2018. Whole genome sequencing of Atacama skeleton shows novel mutations linked with dysplasia. Genome Research doi: 10.1101/gr.223693.117 10.1101/gr.223693.117
About Genome Research:
Launched in 1995, Genome Research (www.genome.org) is an international, continuously published, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on research that provides novel insights into the genome biology of all organisms, including advances in genomic medicine. Among the topics considered by the journal are genome structure and function, comparative genomics, molecular evolution, genome-scale quantitative and population genetics, proteomics, epigenomics, and systems biology. The journal also features exciting gene discoveries and reports of cutting-edge computational biology and high-throughput methodologies.
About Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press:
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press is an internationally renowned publisher of books, journals, and electronic media, located on Long Island, New York. Since 1933, it has furthered the advance and spread of scientific knowledge in all areas of genetics and molecular biology, including cancer biology, plant science, bioinformatics, and neurobiology. The Press is a division of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, an innovator in life science research and the education of scientists, students, and the public. For more information, visit our website at http://cshlpress.org.
Genome Research issues press releases to highlight significant research studies that are published in the journal.
Return to CSHL Press News index
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We are among the top 200 of the world universities
Sabancı University entered the Times Higher Education (THE) rankings at 182th position, becoming the Turkish university with the highest position upon first entry to the rankings, and was the only foundation university in Turkey to be included.
After only 15 academic years since its establishment, Sabancı University shares this prestigious position with three other Turkish universities: METU (85th), Boğaziçi (139th) and ITU (165th).
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings are the only global university performance tables to judge research-led universities across all their core missions - teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook.
Sabancı University President Nihat Berker said: “Sabancı University is a leading global research university with interdisciplinary education that focuses on research and the individual, an environment of free academic choice and performance, and a globally-influential faculty. Our students make free and informed choices with respect to their diploma programs, and go on to make great contributions to research and have international outreach after graduation. Sabancı University continues to be the most innovative and entrepreneurial university in Turkey. We focus our research on applied and strategic areas to uphold our principles of advancing knowledge, supporting students, and contributing to the development of the society. Research in our university aims to enrich education programs on the one hand while contributing to social and economic development on the other.
“Sabancı University is the Turkish university that receives the most projects and funding per faculty member from Europe with almost TL 400,000 of research funding and 1.32 projects per faculty member. We also have the highest number of incoming and outgoing exchange students to and from Europe. Sabancı University ranked first one time and second two times on the Most Entrepreneurial and Innovative Universities Index issued by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology.
“Today, I am excited and proud to see Sabancı University among the top 200 on the Times Higher Education World University Rankings at its first appearance on the list – more so considering that we are only in our 15th academic year. Our university has become an international point of reference with its vision, an institutional culture that is libertarian, participatory and respectful of diversity, an educational philosophy that is innovative, interdisciplinary and sensitive to the needs of all stakeholders, and creativity in research and education that enables the generation and dissemination of original knowledge that leads the way.
“In line with our mission of ‘Creating and Developing Together’ we develop internationally competent and confident individuals, enriched with the ability to reflect critically and independently, combined with a strong sense of social responsibility; and contribute to the development of science and technology on a global level, as well as disseminating the knowledge created to the benefit of the community.
“We are empowered by the international achievements of our university, such as inclusion in international rankings that prioritize research capabilities like the Times Higher Education list. This is a result of our commitment to upholding our vision and mission since the day we were established.”
About the Times Higher Education rankings:
THE World University Rankings are considered to be the globally most respected rankings that provide the most comprehensive and balanced comparisons, which are trusted by students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments.
THE contacted over 10,000 academics globally with the world’s most trusted academic survey to compile the rankings. Fifty million citations were reviewed. Positions were assigned based on 13 performance indicators in five categories. The THE rankings are the only global university performance tables to judge universities across all five of their core missions.
THE assesses successful universities based on 13 performance indicators in teaching, research, citations, industry income and international outlook. Although all performance indicators are balanced, number of citations and international reputation are the two most important indicators that are considered.
According to THE, Turkey achieved considerable progress compared to last year, where there was only one university among the top 200. The fact that four universities are in the top 200 this year is owed to the number of citations received by scientific articles. Also worth noting is the motivation that is spurred by the increase in research and development investments in the country.
The 13 performance indicators used in THE World University Rankings are grouped into five areas:
• Teaching: the learning environment (worth 30 per cent of the overall ranking score)
• Research: volume, income and reputation (worth 30 per cent)
• Citations: research influence (worth 30 per cent)
• Industry income: innovation (worth 2.5 per cent)
• International outlook: staff, students and research (worth 7.5 per cent).
Click for the list.
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Sushila Karki: First female Chief Justice of Nepal’s Supreme Court
The Constitutional Council of Nepal has selected Justice Sushila Karki (63) for the post of Chief Justice (CJ) of the Supreme Court of the country.
With this selection she will become 26th chief justice of the apex court and the first female CJ in Nepal’s history.
However, her nomination is expected to be confirmed by a Parliamentary Hearings Committee which endorses the recommendation.
She will succeed Kalyan Shrestha who retired from the top post. She shall have tenure of 1 year and retire in June 2017 upon reaching the age limit.
About Sushila Karki
Born on June 7, 1952 in Biratnagar.
She had completed a bachelor’s degree in law from Tribhuvan University in 1978. She has also done her post graduate in political science from Banaras Hindu University.
Currently she is seniormost judge in the Supreme Court of Nepal. Since 2010, she is member of the International Association of Women Judges.
She was appointed ad-hoc justice (judge) at the Supreme Court in January 2009 and as permanent justice on November 18, 2010.
Prior to her appointment as judge of Supreme Court in 2009, she had served as a senior advocate. She was accorded the title of senior advocate in 2004.
She also had served as President of the Appelate Court Bar Association Biratnagar for a term until 2004.
She is known as human rights activist until her appointment to the Supreme Court and was associated with the Human Rights Organization and Amnesty International Nepal.
As per Nepal’s new Constitution, the president of the country appoints the Chief Justice on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council if the Parliamentary Hearings Committee endorses the recommendation.
Month:Current Affairs – April, 2016
Categories: Persons in News
Tags: appointments • Nepal • Persons in News • Supreme Court • Sushila Karki
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The Newsroom (2012): The Complete First Season
2013 TV Series/Drama Not Rated 725 Minutes
In Theaters Made for TV
On Blu-ray June 11, 2013
On DVD June 11, 2013
Emily Mortimer
John Gallagher Jr.
Alison Pill
Thomas Sadoski
Dev Patel
From the fertile mind of Aaron Sorkin (The Social Network) and executive produced by Sorkin, Scott Rudin and Alan Poul, this behind-the-scenes drama takes a look at a cable-news program at the fictional ACN Network, focusing on the on- and off-camera lives of its acerbic anchor Will McAvoy (Jeff Daniels), new executive producer MacKenzie McHale (Emily Mortimer), their newsroom staff (John Gallagher, Jr., Alison Pill, Thomas Sadoski, Olivia Munn, Dev Patel, and others), their news-division boss (Sam Waterston), and corporate owner (Jane Fonda). Overcoming a tumultuous first day - climaxing in a newsflash that a BP oil rig has just exploded in the Gulf of Mexico - the team sets out on a patriotic if quixotic mission to "do the news well" in the face of corporate and commercial obstacles, and their own personal entanglements.
Released by HBO Home Entertainment. See more credits.
'Argo' and 'Les Mis' are big winners at the Golden Globes
'Argo' and 'Les Mis' are big winners at Golden Globes
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Branch Procedures Menu
III. Administration
IV. AOC
V. Budget and Management
VI. Case Management
VII. Media / Public Access
VIII. Personnel
IX. Facilities
X. Emergency Closures
View Entire Document
Operating Procedures for the Delaware Judicial Branch
These operating procedures are intended to provide a general understanding to the public, the practicing bar, and the Judicial Branch's own staff of the administrative procedures followed by the Judicial Branch. These operating procedures are subordinate to the Judicial Branch's duty to comply with the Constitution, statutes, Court-specific rules, and its overarching commitment to do justice in the diverse procedural circumstances in which cases arise. When the need to do justice requires, the Judicial Branch may deviate from these procedures, but these operating procedures are intended to represent how the Judicial Branch operates in the ordinary course.
Consistent with their purpose, these operating procedures are not intended to cover the key procedures that litigants must follow in cases. Those are incorporated in relevant constitutional and statutory provisions and Court-specific rules of procedure. Rather, these operating procedures supplement those constitutional and statutory provisions that address the administration of the Judicial Branch and provide the administrative guidelines that govern the Judicial Branch.
Words used in the singular include the plural and the plural includes the singular.
Words importing the feminine gender include the masculine as well, except as otherwise clearly indicated by the context.
"Courts" means the Supreme Court; the Court of Chancery; the Superior Court; the Court of Common Pleas; the Family Court; and the Justice of the Peace Court.
"Court Administrators" means the Administrator of the Supreme Court; the Administrator of the Court of Chancery; the Administrator of the Superior Court; the Administrator of the Court of Common Pleas; the Administrator of the Family Court; and the Administrator of the Justice of the Peace Court.
"Employee" means full-time, part-time, casual, seasonal, and contractual non-judicial personnel, whether paid or unpaid.
"Judicial Agency" includes the Administrative Office of the Courts, including the Judicial Information Center and the Office of State Court Collections Enforcement; the Arms of the Supreme Court; the Law Libraries; the Office of the Public Guardian; the Office of the Child Advocate; the Child Death, Near Death, and Stillbirth Commission; and the Delaware Nursing Home Residents Quality Assurance Commission.
"Judicial Branch" means the Supreme Court, including the Arms of the Court; the Court of Chancery; the Superior Court; the Court of Common Pleas; the Family Court; the Justice of the Peace Court; the Administrative Office of the Courts and other Judicial Agencies.
"Judicial Officer" means a Judge; Master; Commissioner; or Justice of the Peace.
"Presiding Judge" shall mean collectively the Chancellor of the Court of Chancery; the President Judge of the Superior Court; the Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; the Chief Judge of the Family Court; and the Chief Magistrate of the Justice of the Peace Court. When used individually, the context will indicate the relevant Court.
"State Court Administrator" means the Administrative Office of the Courts' State Court Administrator.
Administrative Authority:
Chief Justice: The Chief Justice is the administrative head of the Judicial Branch of the State of Delaware with general administrative and supervisory powers over the Courts.Del. Const. art. IV, § 13. The Chief Justice, or a designee, shall be the official spokesperson for the Judicial Branch with the other branches of government.
Administration of the Supreme Court: Rules pertaining to the administration of justice or the conduct of the business of the Courts may be adopted by the Chief Justice, upon the approval of a majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court. Del. Const. art. IV, § 13(1).
Other Courts' Procedural Rules: Other Courts may adopt rules of pleading practice or procedure in their courts, subject to the approval of a majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court. Del. Const. art. IV, § 13(1).
Other Courts' Administrative Directives or Orders: Other Courts may implement administrative directives or orders consistent with the provisions of the Operating Procedures for the Delaware Judicial Branch and law.
Judicial Conference:
Composition: The Judicial Conference shall be composed of the judges of the Supreme Court, the Court of Chancery, the Superior Court, the Family Court, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Chief Magistrate of the Justice of the Peace Court. When a meeting of the Judicial Conference is called, the Chief Justice may require attendance of other judicial officers, including Commissioners, Masters and Justices of the Peace. The Chief Justice or, in the event of the Chief Justice's absence, incapacity, or a vacancy in the office of the Chief Justice, the next senior justice who is qualified and available to act shall be the presiding officer of the Conference.
Purpose: The purpose of the Judicial Conference is to address issues at the request of the Chief Justice or of the Supreme Court, including judicial education or matters pertaining to the improvement of the administration of justice.
Meetings: The Judicial Conference shall meet as determined by the Chief Justice to be appropriate. Members shall attend meetings, unless excused by the Chief Justice.
Committee of Presiding Judges:
Composition of the Committee: The Committee of Presiding Judges shall be composed of the Presiding Judge of each Court. The Chief Justice may invite other Judicial Officers or judicial staff, to participate in the Committee, as is deemed helpful to the Committee.
Purpose: The purpose of the Committee of Presiding Judges is to help the Chief Justice address issues of importance to the Judiciary and in the development of branch-wide policies, including policies related to technology, budget, personnel, security, and facilities.
Meetings: Meetings shall be called on an as-needed basis. An agenda shall be circulated before the meeting at the discretion of the Chief Justice.
Council of Court Administrators:
Composition: The Council of Court Administrators shall consist of the Court Administrator from each Court and the State Court Administrator. The State Court Administrator shall be the Chair of the Council. The State Court Administrator may invite others to participate in the Council, as is deemed helpful to the Council.
Purpose: The purpose of the Council is to provide staff assistance and advice to the Committee of Presiding Judges and to address issues of importance to the Judiciary, at the request of the Chief Justice or the State Court Administrator, including branch-wide administrative policies.
Meetings: The Council shall meet at the discretion of the Chair. Members of the Council shall attend each meeting, except that if the personal attendance of a member is not feasible, a designee may be substituted.
Committees, Boards and Task Forces:
The Chief Justice may establish committees, boards, or task forces on an as-needed basis to discuss issues of concern to the Judiciary, the Justice system, or the administration of justice. The Administrative Office of the Courts shall provide administrative support upon request. A current list, with web addresses that provide information about the purpose and function of each, is attached as Addendum 1.
The Administrative Office of the Courts assists the Chief Justice in the administration of the Judicial Branch Its responsibilities may include the following functions:
Policy Development: Help develop and implement administrative policies.
Judicial Budget: Help prepare, review, and submit the judicial budget and provide additional information related to budget issues to the Chief Justice.
Personnel System: Prepare and administer system-wide policies, standards, and procedures for the management of the judicial personnel system.
Fiscal System: Prepare and administer system-wide policies, standards, and procedures for the management of the judicial fiscal system.
Technology: Design and implement the policies, standards, and procedures for the development and management of the automated judicial information and record keeping systems Provide technological and management expertise and assistance to the Judicial Branch.
Records Management: Prepare and administer system-wide policies, standards, and procedures for the management of the judicial records management program.
Case Flow: Help develop, coordinate, and monitor system-wide case flow and clearance standards.
External Public Relations: Serve as a liaison for the Judicial Branch with the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch, local government, the Bar, the media and the general public.
Program Development: Conduct system-wide planning, research, program development and evaluation, and statistical collection and analysis functions.
Continuing Education: Administer the Judicial Branch's continuing education programs for Judicial Officers, Administrators, and other Court personnel.
Facilities and Security: Coordinate statewide facilities issues, including new construction, minor capital improvements, security, and coordinate Judicial Branch efforts on these issues with the Executive Branch.
Staff Support: Provide staffing assistance for committees, boards or task forces, as assigned by the Chief Justice.
Other: Perform other functions as assigned by the Chief Justice.
Amendments to Adopted Policies and Procedures:
The State Court Administrator is directed, with the approval of the Chief Justice, to implement minor changes to established Judicial Branch policies and procedures on an as-needed basis Revised policies will be circulated by the Administrative Office of the Courts to the Committee of Presiding Judges and the Council of Court Administrators, and posted online.
Budget and Management
Policies and Procedures:
The Chief Justice shall establish policies and procedures related to budget and management of the Judicial Branch. The policy prepared by the State of Delaware's Office of Management and Budget entitled Budget and Accounting Policy shall serve as a general reference in the establishment of the Judicial Branch's internal budget and fiscal policies and procedures. In general, the Judicial Branch will endeavor to be consistent with the policies of the Office of Management and Budget but reserves the right to develop specific Branch policies to address particular issues when that is advisable for the Judicial Branch.
Annual Budget Process:
The Courts and Judicial Agencies shall submit their budget requests to the Administrative Office of the Courts, which shall compile the information and prepare a proposed budget for the Chief Justice's review.
The Chief Justice may consult with the Committee of Presiding Judges and the Administrative Office of the Courts, and may seek input from Council of Court Administrators and others, before determining the budget requests to be submitted by the Judicial Branch to the Executive and Legislative Branches of government.
Under the direction of the Chief Justice, the Administrative Office of the Courts will take the lead in ensuring that the Budget complies with the fiscal requirements and deadlines established by the Executive and Legislative Branches for the efficient management of the State of Delaware's overall budget and financial management, where appropriate.
Request for New Judicial Officer Positions: The Chief Justice shall determine, based upon what is in the best interest of the Judiciary as a whole, whether a request to create new Judicial Officer positions should be made to the Governor and the General Assembly through the budget process. Presiding Judges who wish to request new Judicial Officers for their Court shall follow the policies and procedures as specified in the Policy and Procedure for Determining Need for Additional Judgeships and Other Judicial Officer Positions, attached as Appendix A.The request shall be submitted to the Chief Justice by August 1 of the year before the fiscal year in which a Presiding Judge intends to request additional positions, or another date established by the Chief Justice.The Chief Justice may seek additional information concerning the need for judicial resources from the Presiding Judge requesting the judicial resources.
Hiring Procedures in Times of Economic Hardship: In times of economic hardship, it is likely that special factors will control hiring procedures. The Chief Justice may impose a special hiring review process, which may include a measure requiring the approval of the Chief Justice before Judicial Branch positions, such as new hires, promotions, paid interns, casual/seasonal, temporary, limited-term, merit and exempt positions, may be filled.The Chief Justice may exempt certain types of positions (for example, career ladder promotions and security positions) from this process.
The special hiring review process may, among other things, require that:
The Presiding Judge or head of the Judicial Agency seeking to fill the position certify that:
the position is necessary to perform the core operations of the Court or Judicial Agency, or the direct delivery of services to the public, including case processing;
the position provides other valuable operational support that will have a significant longer-term impact on overall operations, if the position is not filled; and
appropriate funds are believed to be available in the respective Court or Judicial Agency budget to compensate the person to be hired.
The Presiding Judge or head of a Judicial Agency will provide to the State Court Administrator, no later than the first day of each month, a current listing of vacant positions, along with a form providing justification for each position that they are requesting to be filled that month.Requests to address urgent or emergency needs to fill positions may be submitted during other times of the month.
Fiscal Procedures:
Non-Appropriated Funds: The Courts shall adhere to the Judicial Branch Fiscal Policies and Procedures, attached as Appendix B, that govern the management of non-appropriated funds as supported by the current case management system and as revised from time to time by the Administrative Office of the Courts.
Pro Hac Vice Assessments: Pro hac vice assessments shall be distributed to fund the Arms of the Supreme Court or as otherwise ordered by the Supreme Court for the purpose of the governance of the Bar or the administration of justice.
Grant Funding:
Grant opportunities shall be evaluated within the framework of the Judicial Branch's long-term goals and priorities, and incorporated into the overall budget process. The Judicial Branch shall generally apply for grant funding for limited term, one-time items. The monetary amount of grant funding being sought by the Judicial Branch should generally exceed $100,000 over the term of the grant to support efficiencies in resource costs associated with managing the grant. But grant funds of lesser amounts may be sought if the purpose of applying for the grants is limited in scope and focused on a particular topic or area. Grant funding should not be sought to fund items that will require additional operating budget funds or positions to continue operations, once the grant funding runs out. The Chief Justice, in concert with the Administrative Office of the Courts and the Court or Judicial Agency applying for a grant, shall determine the manner in which the application will be submitted to ensure that relevant partners have been included in the grant application process. The Chief Justice may order the withdrawal of any grant application at any time if the Chief Justice determines that the application is not in the best interests of the Judiciary.
Application Process: A Court or Judicial Agency applying for State or Federal grant funds shall, at least thirty (30) days before filing the State or Federal grant application, submit to the State Court Administrator a Judicial Branch Grant Request Form, attached asAppendix C, with a copy of the State or Federal grant application.
Review of Application: The State Court Administrator shall review the Judicial Branch Grant Request Form and make a recommendation to the Chief Justice as to whether the State or Federal grant application should be approved for submission based on the merits of the application, including the grant request's consistency with the goals of the Judicial Branch, and any potential impact on:
current Judiciary resources and workload;
future Court budgets; and
future position requests that might be associated with the acceptance of funds from sources outside of the annual State budget process.
Expedited Procedure: Recognizing that in limited instances there are exigent circumstances in which grant applications must be submitted with limited time for internal review, a Court or Judicial Agency may submit a grant application request to the State Court Administrator less than 30 days before the grant application deadline. But, under those circumstances, it may not be possible for the internal review process to occur within the allotted time frame and the grant application may not be filed without the Chief Justice's advance approval to file the application.
Copies of Filings: Copies of all State or Federal grant applications filed by Courts or Judicial Agencies must be provided to the State Court Administrator.
Grant Award Notification: Any Court or Judicial Agency that applies for a State or Federal grant should notify the State Court Administrator as to whether it has received notice of a grant award no later than ten (10) working days from the date of the Court or Judicial Agency's receipt of the grant award notification.
Case Management and Litigation
Publication of Opinions:
Opinions may be published in the Atlantic Reporter at the discretion of the judicial author but, in exercising that discretion, it should be recognized that published opinions should be of general interest and importance to the bench and bar, including opinions that:
address issues of first impression;
establish, alter, or explain (for the first time) a rule of law;
review the law in this or other jurisdictions (for the first time or for the first time in recent years);
provide a scholarly critique of existing law;
involve unique, but important, factual situations or holdings; or
involve newsworthy cases.
may affect a proceeding in another jurisdiction.
Published opinions should also provide enough factual and procedural background to allow a reader unfamiliar with the case to understand the issues presented. The opinions should be as short as possible, given the nature of the case, and they should be carefully edited to eliminate repetition, grammatical, and typographical errors.
Assignment Judges of Trial Courts:
The Presiding Judge for each Court is designated as Assignment Judge of that Court with the authority to assign and designate the several judges who shall hold Court in the several counties of the State for any designated period of time or for the hearing of one or more designated causes.
Administration of Litigation:
The policies set forth in Appendix D shall guide the administration of the following: Action Docket Standards, attached as Appendix D-1; Policy on Speedy Trial Guidelines - Administration of criminal litigation, attached as Appendix D-2; Policy on Speedy Trial Guidelines - Administration in capital murder cases, attached as Appendix D-3; and Policy on Judicial Reporting on Matters Under Advisement - Cases under advisement, attached as Appendix D-4.
Statistical Standard:
The Administrative Office of the Courts, in collaboration with the Courts, shall establish statistical standards consistent with national standards or best practices.
Judicial Guidelines for Self-Represented Litigants:
Judicial Officers shall refer to Delaware's Judicial Guidelines for Civil Hearings Involving Self-Represented Litigants, attached as Appendix E, in their efforts to balance self-represented litigants' perception of procedural fairness while maintaining neutrality in the courtroom, particularly when one party is self-represented and one has an attorney. These guidelines are not intended to alter judges' obligations under the Code of Judicial Conduct or create additional standards under which judges may be disciplined.
Court Interpreters:
Certification Program: A Court interpreter must complete the Administrative Office of the Courts' accreditation program to be certified and included in the list of qualified Court interpreters.
List of Qualified Interpreters: The Administrative Office of the Courts shall maintain a list of qualified Court interpreters for use by the Courts based upon the following criteria: certification status, criminal history background evaluation, and other background information, including feedback from Courts or others who have utilized the interpreter's services. This list shall include sign language interpreters who have registered with the Delaware Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf.
Requesting Interpretative Services: Courts needing the services of a language interpreter should refer to the policies and procedures of the Delaware Judiciary Language Access Plan, attached as Appendix F.
Advisory Board on Court Interpreters: The Court Interpreter Program will be overseen by the Advisory Board on Court Interpreters.
Policies and Procedures: Court interpreters shall adhere to the Court Interpreter Program Policy Directive and the Code of Professional Responsibility for Interpreters in the Delaware Judiciary, attached as Appendix G. Court Interpreters shall swear under oath that they will comply with the provisions set forth in the Code of Professional Responsibility for Interpreters in the Delaware Judiciary.
Court-Appointed Attorneys and Ancillary Services in Family Court Civil Cases:
Court-appointed attorneys appointed by Family Court in civil cases shall be reimbursed in accordance with the Policies and Procedures for Appointment and Payment of Counsel in Family Court Civil Cases, attached as Appendix H.
Media Coverage, Public Access and Records Management
Media Coverage:
Definition: A "Media Representative" shall have bona fide credentials or identification issued by a bona fide media organization whose news reports are made available to the general public on a regular basis.
The Presiding Judge for each Court may establish guidelines for a Judicial Officer presiding over a case to authorize, at his discretion, photographic and electronic media coverage of non-jury, non-confidential civil proceedings under Rule 2.10 (C) of the Delaware Judges Code of Judicial Conduct.
Video and audio recordings of Supreme Court non-confidential oral arguments are posted on the official website of the Delaware Judiciary in the time frame determined by the Supreme Court, generally two days after the oral arguments have concluded, and are available for one year thereafter.
Public Access to Court Administrative and Case Records:
Although the Judicial Branch, a separate, coequal Branch of government under our State Constitution, is exempt from the requirement of the Delaware Freedom of Information Act, 29 Del. C. Chapter 100, the Judicial Branch supports the presumption of open public access to Court records, a presumption that can be out-weighed by other public policy concerns including security or confidentiality. The Judicial Branch has adopted formal public access policies or procedures covering the release of administrative and case records based on the Template Policy on Public Access to Judicial Branch Administrative Records, attached as Appendix I. Judicial Branch policies are included and shall be posted online for the general public:
Administrative Office of the Courts Policy Statement 18, Delaware Administrative Office of the Courts Policy on Public Access to Administrative Records, attached as Appendix I-1;
Policy on Public Access to Supreme Court Administrative Records, attached as Appendix I-2;
Policy on Public Access to Records in the Delaware Court of Chancery, attached as Appendix I-3;
Administrative Directive of the President Judge of the Superior Court of the State of Delaware (No. 2000-5) Policy on Public Access to Superior Court Judicial Records, attached as Appendix I-4;
The Family Court of the State of Delaware Public Access Policy (May 8, 2007), attached as Appendix I-5;
Administrative Directive of the Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the State of Delaware (No. 2001-1) Policy on Public Access to the Court of Common Pleas Judicial Records, attached as Appendix I-6;
Justice of the Peace Court Policy Directive 14-250 (October 21, 2014) Public Access to Court Records, attached as Appendix I-7.
Online Judicial Opinions and Case Records:
Public Records: Judicial opinions and case records posted on the Judicial Branch's website or available through Court Connect are public records. The Judicial Branch will not impede online search engines from indexing or publishing opinions, except in limited circumstances warranting such exceptions.
Exceptions: In limited circumstances, including a serious threat to an individual's safety or significant negative implications relating to an individual's ability to transact business or obtain or retain employment or housing, an individual may request that access to an opinion or Court record be restricted.
An individual requesting restricted access to records shall send her application to the Court that published the opinion or maintains the record and shall include the following information:
name of the applicant (the applicant has to be the person whose name is referenced in the case(s)) or the legal representative of that person;
case name(s);
case number(s);
Court from which the case(s) were issued; and reason(s) why the applicant is asking for restricted access to the opinion or case record.
The Court that published the opinion and maintains the record shall determine whether online access to the record or opinion should be restricted.
The administrative or computer costs associated with implementing the actions may be assessed to the applicant. If costs will be assessed in a particular situation, the applicant will be provided an estimate, and must agree to pay the costs, in advance of the performance of the work.
The Judicial Branch is not responsible if opinions or Court records continue to be available online from other websites through non-state search engines once the Judicial Branch has removed the information from its website.
The Judicial Branch shall adhere to the policies and procedures that govern employees and Judicial Officers, as applicable, and as revised from time to time by the Administrative Office of the Courts, including:
The Judicial Branch Personnel Rules, attached as Appendix J, and all other provisions that apply;
The Code of Conduct for Judicial Branch Employees, attached as Appendix K;
The Policies and Procedures for the Management of Casual/Seasonal and Contractual Employees Under the Affordable Care Act, attached as Appendix L;
The Code of Conduct for Law Clerks, attached as Appendix M; and
The Delaware's Judges' Code of Judicial Conduct, attached as Appendix N.
In addition, employees shall adhere to policies and procedures promulgated by their specific Court or Judicial Agency.
Communications and Computer Systems Policy:
To ensure the security of the computer network and the integrity of data stored on State Systems, Judicial Branch employees shall adhere to the Judicial Branch Authorized Use Policy for the Communications and Computer Systems, attached as Appendix O.
Floating Holidays:
The Delaware Judicial Branch Floating Holiday Policy, attached as Appendix P, establishes, subject to certain restrictions, two floating holidays for benefit-eligible employees that must be taken within the calendar year.
Tobacco-Free Workplace:
The Judicial Branch is a tobacco-free workplace. The Judicial Branch Tobacco-Free Workplace Policy is attached as Appendix Q.
Effect of Domestic Violence on the Workplace:
The Judicial Branch Domestic Violence Policy, attached as Appendix R, addresses domestic violence and its effects on the workplace. Courts and Judicial Agencies may, with the approval of the Chief Justice, adopt more rigorous provisions that may apply to that Court or Judicial Agency.
Judicial Education:
Mandatory Continuing Legal Education: Judicial Officers and Members of the Bar shall adhere to the Delaware Rules for Continuing Legal Education, attached as Appendix S.
Judicial Education Committee: A Judicial Education Committee composed of representatives from the Courts shall meet to discuss topics appropriate for judicial education. The Committee shall be chaired by the Chief Justice or a designee. The Administrative Office of the Courts shall provide administrative support as needed.
Judicial Branch Employee Training:
The Administrative Office of the Courts will provide Judicial Branch employees with training opportunities, including the ability to learn new skills or reinforce current skills, especially in the areas of technology and case processing.
Policy Distribution:
Judicial Branch employees shall familiarize themselves with relevant policies and procedures upon assumption of their duties. New Judicial Branch employees shall be supplied with a copy of all applicable Judicial Branch policies and procedures by their appointing authority, who shall ensure that copies of these operating procedures, and all relevant policies and procedures, are distributed to every employee.
Security Committees:
The Chief Justice may establish specialized Security Committees pertaining to individual courthouse security or on a geographic or Court-wide basis. These Committees shall focus on specific security issues, including but not limited to, emergency preparedness; disaster recovery/continuity of operation plans; security classification for personnel and card access; and evacuation planning.
Courthouse Operations Policy Committee (COPC):
Under the Chief Justice's administrative authority, COPCs may be established for facilities housing multiple Courts to promulgate operating policies on issues common to the management and usage of the facility.
Emergency Closures and Pre-Holiday Staffing
Emergency Closures of Judicial Branch Facilities:
General Policy: The Judicial Branch will act consistently with the Governor's actions regarding emergency and weather closures of State offices. If the Governor announces that State offices throughout Delaware will be closed or that there will be a delay in opening of State facilities, then the Judicial Branch will also be closed or delay opening their facilities during that same time period. Similarly, if the Governor announces that State of Delaware offices in one county are closed or will experience delay in opening, then the Judicial Branch in that county will also be closed or open with the same delay, and Judicial Branch employees who live or work in that county, except for Justice of the Peace Court employees as provided in Section (b)(i) below, also will not report to work during that period. Jurors, litigants and others required to appear in Court during that period should not report to a Court if it is closed, or if otherwise excused by the Court for whom they have been called for service.
"Essential" personnel of the Justice of the Peace Court: Employees who work at Justice of the Peace Court locations that are open on a 24-hour basis or have extended hours outside of the Governor's closing time period are considered "essential" personnel. Employees working at these locations should follow the Governor's decisions related to "essential" personnel unless otherwise notified by the Chief Magistrate. The Chief Magistrate will make the determination as to when those locations will be closed and under what circumstances if needed beyond the Governor's decision for essential personnel. The Chief Magistrate will communicate those closure decisions to the Judicial Branch and the public through the notification methods provided in Section (c) below.
Unusual Emergency Circumstances: The Chief Justice shall, in unusual emergency circumstances consistent with 10 Del. C. § 2004, make a decision regarding closure of all, or certain, Judicial Branch facilities. These circumstances would typically not pertain to hazardous weather conditions, but would involve other emergency situations that affect the Judicial Branch, without necessarily affecting the other branches of government, including security and safety issues.
Emergency Circumstances: In emergency circumstances (typically not pertaining to weather conditions) that pertain to individual courthouses, court facilities or operations, the following procedures may apply:
If the Judicial Branch facility houses multiple Courts, then the Chief Justice, or a designee, will make the decision regarding the closure of an individual courthouse or judicial facility.
If the courthouse or judicial facility houses the operation of only one Court or one Judicial Agency, or if unusual circumstances exist with regard to Court operations in that courthouse or judicial facility, then the Presiding Judge, or a designee, of that courthouse or the head of the affected Judicial Agency, or a designee, will be responsible for making such decision(s).
Any independent decision by a Presiding Judge, the head of Judicial Agency, or their respective designees, to close a courthouse or judicial facility should be communicated by phone or email to the Administrative Office of the Courts immediately, which will relay the information to others, as appropriate.
The Courts or the Administrative Office of the Courts, as appropriate, are responsible for communicating any independent closure decision(s) to the public and Judicial Branch employees through the notification methods provided in Section (c) below.
If a courthouse remains open but circumstances exist that affect that courthouse's operations, the Presiding Judge, or her respective designee, may determine that jurors, litigants, or others required to appear in court during that time, should not report to that Court. The Court is responsible for communicating that decision to the affected persons.
Notification of the Public and Judicial Branch Employees:
Information concerning State of Delaware and Judicial Branch closures is available to the public:
By checking the Judicial Branch website (courts.delaware.gov), or the State of Delaware website (www.delaware.gov).
By listening to radio and television stations. A list of stations that typically broadcast or publish information include:
New Castle County: WDEL, WSTW, WJBR
Kent County: WDSD, WBOC (TV), WAFL
Sussex County: WBOC (TV), WGMD, WZBH
Information concerning State of Delaware and Judicial Branch closures is available to Judicial Branch employees:
By signing up to receive weather closure information from the State of Delaware at www.delaware.gov (go to SUBSCRIBE e-mail/text alert and sign up for the Delaware Notification Service).
By other communication means established by the Judicial Branch.
Pre-Holiday Reduced Staffing of Judicial Branch Facilities:
Holiday closures are established by the Governor or the Chief Justice. Absent a decision by the heads of the branches of government to close State facilities early and to waive compliance with the usual personnel rules governing leave, the Judicial Branch will remain open. But, recognizing that workloads are often reduced immediately before a holiday, a Court or Judicial Agency may permit skeleton staffing beginning at 3:00 p.m. on the Friday immediately preceding Memorial Day, Labor Day, and on New Year's Eve Day, and at noon on Christmas Eve Day. Supervisors will determine whether skeleton staffing is appropriate, depending upon work requirements on that day. Employees who leave early or who have been previously approved to be off on those days shall use accrued vacations, compensatory or other time as in any other situation when they take a leave of absence.
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Tag Archives: oliver st john gogarty
Bloomsday – Where It All Begins
June 16th is unique in literature in that it actually has a day named after it. Now known the world over as Bloomsday, it is named after the main character Leopold Bloom in James Joyce’s most famous work Ulysses. And the date was deliberately chosen by the author as it was on this day in 1904 that he and Nora Barnacle, his future lover and wife, went on their first date. By the following October she would leave Dublin and accompany him to France, where they struggled for many years until his eventual breakthrough and international recognition.
Martello Tower, Sandycove – where it all begins
Joyce had stayed in the Martello Tower, in Sandycove, with his friend Oliver St Gogarty (who had rented the building) for a short time before leaving hurriedly after a gun was fired late one night. However, he chose to set the opening scene of his book in the building and Gogarty (as Buck Mulligan) is immortalised in the first line:
Stately, plumb Buck Mulligan came from the stairhead, bearing a bowl of lather on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed.
A view north, to Dublin city, from the roof
The tower was one of many erected along the coast in preparation for an invasion by Napoleon’s forces. However, after Admiral Horatio Nelson (he of Nelson’s Pillar fame) defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar on the 21st October 1805, the threat was extinguished. Many of the towers were subsequently sold off while others were left unattended and remain derelict to this day. The tower at Sandycove was maintained in good condition when Gogarty rented it in the early summer of 1904. Today, it houses the James Joyce Tower & Museum which is a ‘must-see’ for all Joycean fans and those interested in literary history. There is a fabulous collection of items, including; an original copy of Ulysses, many of Joyce’s notebooks and a vinyl recording of his voice! Up the narrow stairs the space has been remodelled with table, chairs and various contemporaneous items showing the living space as Gogarty and Joyce would have known it. Outside, there is Joyce’s death mask and a guitar that he was fond of playing. Up the last flight of steps to the roof (from the stairhead..) you have the wonderful panorama of Dublin Bay, the coast northwards to Dublin City, leading you around to the mountains to the south-west. On a clear day it is spectacular and, not surprisingly, very popular with photographers.
Main Room – 1904 style
Celebrating Bloomsday has become big business and events are now held in many cities around the world that have Joyce’s works to an ever increasing audience. However, the first Bloomsday celebrations on it’s 50th anniversary in 1954 (see short silent clip below) were rather prosaic by today’s standards, and involved a number of Dublin’s literati and two horse-drawn carriages.
The group: John Ryan (owner of The Bailey pub and founder of Envoy art magazine), Flann O’Brien, Anthony Cronin, Patrick Kavanagh, Tom Joyce (a cousin) and AJ Leventhal (Registrar of Trinity College) had planned a ‘pilgrimage’ along the circuitous route set out in the book. However, after a number of stops for ‘refreshments’ the adventure was abandoned due to ‘inebriation and rancour’ and they retired wistfully to The Bailey (on Duke Street).
Bloomsday’s first Pilgrims: JR, AC, FO’B, PK, TJ
You may very well see some horse-drawn carriages on the big day but as to whether they will be ferrying such an illustrious group, well, I guess that you will just have to wait and see – and then you may have an interesting story to tell. Happy Bloomsday!
Filed under Art, Dublin, James Joyce
Tagged as aj leventhal, anthony cronin, Bloomsday, buck mulligan, flann o'brien, horatio nelson, james joyce, james joyce museum sandycove, john ryan, martello tower, napoleon, oliver st john gogarty, patrick kavanagh, pilgrimage, sandycove, the bailey, tom joyce, Ulysses
Oliver St. John Gogarty – A man of many talents
5, Rutland Square
Oliver St John Gogarty was a man of many talents and he was born in 5, Rutland Square (now Parnell Square) on 17th August 1878, the eldest of four children. His father, Henry, was a successful physician and his mother Margaret was from Galway. Henry died when Oliver was eight years old and he was sent to school in Mungret College in Limerick. later, he transferred to Stonyhurst College in Lancashire which he described as ‘a religious jail’. He returned to Ireland in 1896 and studied medicine at the Royal University and Trinity College, and graduated in 1907. Afterwards, he went to Vienna to finish his study and specialised in otolaryngology (Ear, Nose & Throat). His consulting rooms were in Ely Place, and he was a member of staff at the Meath Hospital until he went to America.
He was a keen sportsman and enjoyed cricket, football (he played for Bohemians FC) and a fine swimmer who saved four people from drowning. He wrote poetry and his poem Tailteann Ode won a bronze medal at the 1924 Olympics in Paris. And as a member of the Dublin literary community he was friends with the great and good, including WB Yeats, AE Russell, James Stephens and James Joyce. When Gogarty rented the Martello Tower at Sandycove in 1904 he invited Joyce to stay. Joyce, however, stayed only a few nights but used the place as the opening scene in Ulysses and immortalised Gogarty in his character Buck Mulligan.
Martello Tower, Sandycove
A close friend of Arthur Griffith he was an early member of Sinn Fein and became a Senator. In 1922 when Griffith died in early August he performed the autopsy, and he did the same for Michael Collins who died less than two weeks later.
Oliver St. John Gogarty
In 1917 he and his wife Martha Duane, who was from Galway, bought Renvyle, a large house in Connemara. It was burnt down in 1923 during the Irish Civil War, subsequently rebuilt and operates to this day as Renvyle House. Gogarty had been in the USA since the start of World War II, collapsed and died on a street in New York in 1957. His body was returned to Ireland and he was buried in Moyard, near Renvyle.
Filed under Art, Dublin, James Joyce, Science, Sport
Tagged as bohemians football club, bronze medal, connemara, james joyce, martello tower, michael collins, mungret college, oliver st john gogarty, paris olympics, renvyle, senator, tailteann ode, Ulysses
Royal College of Surgeons – A cut above
During the recent Heritage Week I took the opportunity of visiting ‘Surgeons’, a place that I, and many Dubliners, pass daily but never enter. The site was previously an abandoned Quaker graveyard, with the first College building erected in 1810. The beautiful Georgian building you see today is anextension of that and was finished in 1825.
William Dease
The College dates back a little further to 11th February 1784 when it received its charter from George III, and it held its first meeting in the boardroom of the Rotunda Hospital on 2 March. Among those present on that auspicious day were the first president, Professor Samuel Croker-King, and William Dease, the first professor of surgery. It is important to note that admission was not barred on sectarian grounds, as was the custom of the time. In fact, Dease was one of a dozen Catholics to become president of the college. (Curious thing: Dease committed suicide and there are at least three different versions as to the circumstances, but nobody knows for sure. However, he cut his femoral artery, and his statue (in the Main Entrance) shows a dark line at exactly where the fatal cut may have been made!)
Sir William Wilde
Over the years many of the college’s former students have made famous contributions to medicine, and beyond. William Wallace (1791-1837) studied dermatology in London under Thomas Bateman, and it was here that he learned about inoculation and vaccination. When he returned to Dublin he opened the first hospital in the British Isles to treat skin disease. Charles Cameron (1830-1921) was as the forefront of hygiene and public health, and was granted the Freedom of Dublin for his work. The McDonnells, father John (1796-1892) and son Robert (1828-1889) both made significant medical firsts. John is known as being the first person in Ireland to use ether as inhalation anaesthesia during the amputation of an arm in the Richmond Hospital on New Year’s Day 1847. And, on 20th April 1865 Robert preformed the first human blood transfusion in Ireland on a young girl in Dublin’s Jervis Street Infirmary. He was elected President of the College in 1877.
Sir William Wilde (father of the playwright Oscar), founded St Mark’s Ophthalmic Hospital, and it was later amalgamated with the National Eye hospital to form the well-known Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital. Oliver St John Gogarty, a surgeon renowned for his dexterity and speed, had a few more strings to his bow. He was a Free State Senator; wrote books, plays, poetry and is forever remembered as the inspiration for Buck Mulligan (a medical student!), the first character we meet in James Joyce’s Ulysses. His poem Tailteann Ode won a bronze medal at the 1924 Olympic Games. And there is a fine paining of him by one of Ireland’s greatest artists, Sir William Orpen, in the President’s Room.
Bullet hole
During the Easter Rising the building on St Stephen’s Green was occupied by members of the Irish Citizen army, under the command of Michael Mallin and Countess Markievicz. Gunfire from Crown forces based in the Shelbourne Hotel raked the building, and numerous marks can be seen on its front. One smashed into a door in the Board Room and its mark is still there. Volunteers stayed in place until the final order to surrender was given. A few, however, did leave a mark by carving their names into a pillar.
The College began a long period of expansion from the mid-1960s under the guidance of Harry O’Flanagan. The old Mercer Hospital was acquired and it houses a library, college archives, heritage collections and student accommodation. Other properties on York Street (opposite the College) have been acquired and are currently being re-developed. Beaumont Hospital is now the main centre for medical training, and advanced research work. And the international aspect has increased in recent years with schools in Bahrain and Malaysia. The college is recognised as a world centre of medical excellence, and there are over sixty countries represented in the current study body.
‘Surgeons’ – St Stephen’s Green
* Sir William Wilde photo courtesy of RCSI
Filed under Dublin, James Joyce, Science
Tagged as charles cameron, easter rising 1916, eye and ear hospital, georgian dublin, james joyce, oliver st john gogarty, royal college of surgeons, surgeons, william dease, william orpen, william wilde
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Feature:Opinion
Keith Olbermann, idiot savant
Mark Judge Journalist and filmmaker
November 16, 2010 11:52 AM ET
The other night on his show “Countdown,” Olbermann responded to a gaseous piece of nonsense written by Ted Koppel. Koppel had held forth in the Washington Post about the death of news, by which he meant the fact-based reports from the golden age of journalism — which, as Jack Shafer noted in Slate, happened to coincide with Koppel’s own career in the mid to late 20th century. Koppel then scolded Fox News and Keith Olbermann for dismantling this great tradition with their partisanship and disregard for facts.
Olbermann’s response, it must be said, was brilliant. It reminded me of a powerful papal encyclical. Olbermann made the point that, even in the age of Cronkite and Brinkley and Murrow, journalists picked what stories to tell and which ones not to. They were subjective. They fought battles and went on crusades. And then came the crucial part: they had their biases, but were also guided, Olbermann said, by “facts and honesty and their conscience.” Again, the kind of thing you’d see coming from the pope or another great philosopher.
That is, except for the massive blind spot and contradiction at the heart of Olbermann’s editorial. Keith Olbermann, idiot savant, lucidly dissected the pomposity and contradiction in Koppel’s argument. But Olbermann’s own fanaticism, which has caused something of a defective conscience and a tendency towards dishonesty, prevented him — prevents him — from practicing the very virtues he so perceptively extols.
If someone is an honest journalist, or even an honest human being, there comes a time when some of your beliefs are challenged. One might have been for the Iraq war, only to have that support shaken when no weapons of mass destruction were found. Conversely, one could have been against the war, only to come to support it after democracy began to take hold in Iraq. Or you could, like journalist Nat Hentoff, go from being pro-choice to pro-life when science and your conscience lead you to make conclusions about human life. You may be against gay marriage until you make a gay friend. And so on.
The thing is, people who are not fanatics use careful deliberation when these moments occur. They consult their conscience, but also talk to friends, read articles, deliberate with religious leaders, meditate and think about the issue. They are open to other points of view. This is not to say that there is not what Catholics like myself call the natural law — the law that tells us that certain things are always wrong. No one in their right mind defends rape.
When faced with issues of the day, people who are fanatics — including a lot of dinosaur media journalists — shut down: The Bible says it, I believe it, and that settles it. Or: Conservatives are evil; therefore one will not appear on my show. In his response to Koppel, Olbermann noted that he has criticized President Obama more than Fox News, and that this was proof that he is not in the bag for the Democratic Party. But as everyone including a fourth grader can see, Olbermann attacks Obama from the left. Olbermann is a fanatic for leftism. He’s not in the tank for Obama — he’s in the tank for Marx.
Actually, that’s too strong. Olbermann’s leftism is of the 1960s variety. The old left of the early 20th century was a false religion, believing in the inexorable historical evolution that would birth socialism. It was a belief system. The 1960s left became more about personal and cultural issues without much concern for the future. It didn’t as much know what it was for as what it was against. As James Piereson explores in his great book “Camelot and the Cultural Revolution: How the Assassination of John F. Kennedy Shattered American Liberalism,” after the murder of John F. Kennedy American liberalism became what American conservatism in the 1950s had been — aggrieved, paranoid, backward-looking. Piereson argues that this stemmed from the guilt that liberals felt at the fact that Kennedy was killed not by a right-winger, but by a communist. Instead of fingering the real culprit — the very communism they had been soft on — liberals blamed the death on the “fanatical” right. They turned Kennedy into a civil rights martyr instead of a cold warrior. And for the last 40 years they have been not as much proposing a coherent philosophy about the human person and what makes a good life as raging against the chimera of the boogeyman right. Combine that with the kind of lack of inner self explored in Christopher Lasch’s landmark 1979 book “The Culture of Narcissism,” and you have, well, Keith Olbermann — raging, paranoid, defensive, with an outsized idea of self to make up for his lack of a strong inner self. And a deep, deep paranoia about conservatives.
Someone with that kind of mentality and those kinds of issues is not often a very honest or honorable person. In “The Culture of Narcissism,” Lasch noted that the narcissist personality has an oversized notion of not just his enemies, but anyone who contradicts him — they become monsters, not human beings. Reason does not come into play. To Olbermann — and his sidekick Rachel Maddow — conservatives are a menagerie of dangerous freaks, incapable of human reason or decency. I mean, why even have one on the show?
This is a betrayal of the very values that Olbermann so eloquently laid out in his response to Koppel. Say what you will about Bill O’Reilly, he at least lets liberals on his show — indeed, he seems eager to go on places like “The View” to mix things up with the left. O’Reilly is also, most of the time, a reasonable person with a working conscience. His argument against drug legalization is that there are already enough toxins in our lives, and more will not be beneficial to the common good. His question as to why, after gay marriage, three or four or ten people cannot get married has yet to be answered. And his simple factual statement that Muslims were responsible for 9/11 was met with the kind of childish explosion of rage that one read about in clinical psychiatric journals — or “The Culture of Narcissism.” For Keith Olbermann, facts don’t matter. In a conscience that has been warped by leftism, certain things are beyond argument: gay marriage and abortion are good. As are high taxes, larger government, and peace no matter what the costs. Conservatives are evil. The Nation said it, I believe it, and that settles it.
That’s what was so bizarre about Olbermann’s response to Koppel. Here we had a man laying out a case with sharp reason. Yet he will continue to ignore his own advice.
Mark Gauvreau Judge is the author of several books, including Damn Senators and God and Man at Georgetown Prep. His articles and essays have appeared in various publications.
Tags : barack obama broadcasting democratic party iraq jack shafer john f kennedy keith olbermann msnbc nbc news rachel maddow ted koppel television the washington post
Mark Judge
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PEACE IN SPACE: OVERVIEW
Peace in Space
What Earth needs
Letter to leaders
Letter to UN
PrevPEACE IN SPACE: OVERVIEW
What Earth needsNext
Space seems to be the new frontier.
The exploration of Space should not lead to new conflicts and wars, but be regulated in the interest of and to the benefit of all countries and every citizen as a whole.
Civilization on Earth has gone through a history of positive and negative developments.
Technological advancements have been many, but it is sad to see that a large part of the population on Earth is still living in poverty and lacking the means to lead an acceptable life.
Throughout history, millions of people have been killed as a result of the greed, lust for power, beliefs and other man-made factors (politics, economics, religion, feelings of superiority,…).
Countries are still competing with each other to dominate politically and economically. Billions are still spent on war and other destructive activities leading to enormous damage in life and resources.
Nature is suffering badly as well. Economies and with them politics are focusing too much on growth in terms of material riches.
People all around the world are trained to become producers and consumers of goods in ever larger quantities. But is quantity really what this world needs?
Quantity in the form of over-materialism is driving Earth to the limits of sustainability. The quality of life of many people, even the rich, leaves a lot to be desired. The number of cancers and other diseases related to over-indulgence and the pollution of the air, water, soil and food is increasing dramatically.
More quality
Would it not be better to have more quality and less quantity?
Not only on the level of the individual, but also on the level of the entire world population as such.
The exploration of Space is starting to be developed. And again, history seems to be going to repeat itself, threatening to make Space into the new battlefield of countries trying to dominate others and to have access to more raw materials to feed their economies focused on money and quantity.
Before allowing this to happen, all nations should set out a Space peace charter to make space exploration the platform to reshape our planet Earth, analyzing what its population and Nature need to build a sustainable future for all. And establishing clear rules to prevent Space from becoming a battlefield.
Exporting Humanity’s shortcomings to Space would be disastrous. No single country should be allowed to claim a piece of Space for itself, but should be part of the major solidarity (with people and Nature) campaign in the history of Humanity.
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Every Year In Film #23 – Dance Of Ouléd-Naïd
Thoughts On: Dance Of Ouléd-Naïd (Danses Algériennes 1. Danse des Ouléd-Naïd, 1902)
Today we explore the films of Segundo de Chomòn.
Spain had a humble start with cinema. The first contact that the country is thought to have had with film came in 1895 and, unsurprisingly, involved the Lumiéres. As with numerous other countries, the Lumiéres exhibited their films in Spain to showcase their technology and develop business roots. Some of the first countries that the Lumiéres would visit would, of course, be their bordering neighbours – of which France has many: Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy and Spain.
A little over a month after the Lumiéres privately screened their films for the first time in Paris, a set of movies were being exhibited in Barcelona on May 5th, 1895. Around a year later, the first films were being made in the country; films by Promio (who worked for the Lumiéres), Eduardo Jimeno (a Spanish filmmaker and producer), Fructuós Gelabert (inventor and prolific filmmaker), and other unknown people. The first Spanish film is thought to be a somewhat contentious topic. One of the earliest surviving films to have been made in Spain is a street scene of Madrid from Promio, made in 1896:
One of the very first films to be shot by a Spaniard, Eduardo Jimeno, would be Salida de la Misa de Doce de la Iglesia del Pilar de Zaragoza, Exit of the Twelve O’Clock Mass from the Church of El Pilar of Zaragoza, also from 1896…
Whilst there are a few other candidates, the Spanish film industry took about 2 decades to reach significant heights with Barcelona becoming Spain’s film capital in the mid-nineteen-teens. This saw Spanish silent cinema flourish and the industry develop throughout the ages. In the early years of the industry, it was not uncommon for Spanish filmmakers to find their way into other countries and to support other national cinemas. This is the case with one of the first truly important Spanish filmmakers, Segundo de Chomòn. But, before we go any further, let us introduce the subject we’re going to delve into.
The story that shall be told today is one that repeats itself throughout the ages and across the epochs of any art form. This is a story built upon the conflict between originality, imitation and evolution; who done it first and who did it better. This is an important story because, in the early 1900s, we are still very close to the realm of the cinematic pioneers. However, the only way in which people could transition out of this period was for filmmakers to begin climbing upon the shoulders of those that came before them. This results in a pretty grisly image of contemporary cinema, one in which filmmakers stand upon a mountain of dead has-beens’ corpses. But, it seems that we only ever establish pioneering matriarchs and patriarchs to one day kill them. However, to begin on a lighter note, it is probably better not to imply that the great filmmakers and pioneers of the past are has-beens, instead only recognise that their place and importance resides in, and comes from, the past. This assures that they are still recognisably important and that their place in history represents the foundations for the present and the future. With that said, let us begin our exploration of the “The Spanish Méliès”, Segundo de Chomòn.
Chomòn was born Segundo Víctor Aurelio Chomón y Ruiz in 1871 in Teruel (eastern Spain). Little, that I have found, is noted about his upbringing and childhood. Chomòn’s story then often starts with his wife, Julienne Mathieu. She and Chomón met in 1895. Soon after they met, however, conflict again brewed between Spain and Cuba in the form of Cuba’s third and last liberation war for independence from the Spaniards. With the explosion of the USS ship, Maine – a subject we in fact touched on when we looked at a film of Méliès’ – the Americans joined the Cubans, and the Spanish-American War was in the making. From 1897-1899 Chomón was in and out of Spain, enlisted in the Spanish army. During this period his wife, Mathieu, who was French, was working for film companies such as Pathé and Star Film. Very little has been written about Mathieu, but she was an actress. Though she likely appeared in earlier Pathé Frères (brothers) films, one of her earliest known surviving films was made by Pathé in 1906 and was called Lilliputian Dance…
In this film, she serves a similar role to that which she would in a plethora of Chomón’s films: a presenter of a cinematic magic show whose primary magician was editing. The actual magician that Mathieu assisted, however, was often beside the camera, and we can tell this from moments like this, which weren’t very uncommon:
This is Mathieu likely taking direction or asking a question about the next oncoming cut. Unlike the cine-magician himself, Méliès, this implies that many directors of trick films weren’t the presenters of them – and this is certainly the case for Chomón as, though you can find one or two examples, you almost never see him in acting roles. Chomón’s place was almost always behind the camera.
To come back to Chomón, and to take a step back in time, when he leaves the Spanish army to return home in 1899, his wife introduces him to the emerging cinematic industry that she is apart of. We are still in a haze of history here as it is not known precisely how or when Chomón started working on films. It is likely, however, that his wife put him into contact with those at Star Film – Méliès’ company – or Pathé, as around 1900-1901, he began hand-colouring films. The first film that he is credited to – and this was done through Spanish newspapers at the time (a rarity) – was Méliès’ Bluebeard:
Not only is this film the first known picture that Segundo de Chomón worked on as a colourist, but, as a side-note, it is also considered one of the first films to contain product placement – which was of Mercier champagne – within. That said, very few copies of this colourised film exist today, and it would be hard to confirm if any were worked on by Chomón himself. After all, colourisation was often meticulous, difficult, though anonymous, work, largely done by women – a tradition that would last a long time in animation industries across the world. Moreover, the Spanish publication that credited Chomón as the artist that colour tinted this film, cites him as a ‘reputable colorist’. This implies that this was not Chomón’s first product, and, in turn, leads us to assume that he started working on colourisation with Pathé at an earlier date.
Chomón started his incredibly long partnership with Pathé around 1900. He initially distributed and publicised films from Barcelona, adding Spanish subtitles to them. He also independently made street scenes, or actualities, that he would get distributed through Pathé. One of the earliest surviving examples of this would be, Barcelona Park At Twilight:
With this 1904 film, we can see that Chomón was not a pioneer in the same respect that, for example, Dickson, Porter, the Lumiéres, Promio, Guy-Blaché and Méliès were. Within Barcelona Park At Twilight, we see camera movement that had been initially pioneered by Promio. In all likelihood Chomón learned from the films that he was distributing and editing and so wasn’t necessarily making a pioneer’s haphazard footsteps. This ultimately meant that Chomón can be considered to come from a new ‘generation’ or ‘era’ of filmmaker. Whilst he comes from an age in which much about cinema still had to be learned, established and developed, he is quite far removed from the age of initial invention, trial and error (which came to its end around 1895). Chomón was then a key player in, and a product of, the early development age of cinema.
Without jumping ahead of ourselves, however, let us take a look at our subject for today, Danse des Ouléd-Naïd:
This is one of the first known films to have been directed by Segundo de Chomón and it is nothing particularly original or new. In such, the dance film, as well as hand-colouring, or tinting, began more than half a decade before Chomón made this film. One of the first hand-tinted films came from William K.L Dickson and the Edison Manufacturing Company in 1895, and it was even a dance short:
The subject of colour in film is a large topic that we won’t yet delve into, but, suffice to say that, whilst Chomón wasn’t the first to utilise colouration in film, he was one of the early, significant filmmakers that would predominantly be making colour films. In such, it is somewhat irregular to see a black and white print of a Chomón short film from any stage of his career. Chomón was so immersed in this technology for many reasons. Not only was colouration his way into the industry, and so it was, in large part, what he was known for, but it was also a symbol of his approach to cinema, one that meant to develop and out-do the spectacles that other significant filmmakers at the time were making. It was this that then lead him to aid in the development Pathécolor, later called Pathéchrome, which was a form of colouration that utilised a stencil process.
However, we now reach a subject that is seemingly inevitable when talking about Chomón: Méliès. In certain respects, the comparison of Chomón to Méliès is a tired and low-shelf topic, and an endeavour that is one of the main reasons for Chomón being a relatively (relative to Méliès) unknown figure. This is nonetheless going to be the basis for our discussion today because, as we have already outlined, we are exploring one of the first, major instances of evolution in the cinema through one filmmaker learning from another.
As is very well-quoted, Pablo Picasso once said that “good artists borrow, great artists steal”. What this means is ambiguous. It may just be a way of Picasso accepting the fact that his work often bordered on plagiarism, sometimes plain theft. However, what this in turn suggests is that Picasso is Picasso only because this was accepted not only by his culture and time, but also by the history books. Why, then, is Picasso’s arguably plagiarised work accepted and even held as a marker of some of the most significant artistic works of the 20th century? Maybe he cheated the world and we still make ourselves victims of his ruse. Maybe he is the chosen representative of something that ultimately transcends himself. Maybe he did it better than those he stole from. Whatever the answer, Segundo de Chomón was a great artist of the cinema, one of the finest of the 1900s, and he ‘stole’.
When comparisons are made between Chomón and Méliès, they aren’t trivial. As we already know, he broke into the early filmmaking industry through connections that his wife had with Pathé and Star Film. Moreover, he worked on Méliès’ films. However, though Chomón worked on films such as Bluebeard, this may have been at the request of other Spanish distributors, not the Star Film company. This means that, whilst the two filmmakers probably never came into contact, Chomón certainly knew of Méliès’ films before making his own trick films. How well Chomón knew Méliès’ films can only be reflected by his own films. Take, for instance, The Troubadour:
Made in 1906, this film undeniably shares a lot in common The One Man Band From 1900:
Whilst Chomón ‘stole’ this film, it seems that he made his own technical improvements with colourisation. Nonetheless, One Man Band is the better film, in my view, thanks to the way in which Méliès sets up the replication of himself as well as the integration of the six new bodies into the original.
We find another example of ‘theft’ with Chomón’s 1907 film, Music, Forward!:
Music, Forward! is essentially a re-working of Méliès’ 1903 film, The Melomaniac:
Here, however, Chomón outdoes his tutor. Merely with the famous final shot…
… Chomón demonstrates a heightened sense of spectacle that Méliès didn’t achieve five years before. There is the caveat, however: five years before. And this is what Méliès’ work will always have: it predates Chomón’s – which is something that shouldn’t be forgotten. What seals this idea is certainly the most infamous act of ‘theft’ that Chomón, with Pathé, committed. In 1908, Excursion To The Moon is made…
This is, of course, an unauthorised remake of one of the most iconic films to come out of the early cinematic period, A Trip To The Moon from 1902:
Excursion To The Moon is, in my view, not even close to being a better film than A Trip To The Moon, instead, a symbol of a battle won. Pathé, with Chomón as one of their key filmmakers since 1905, had been competing with Méliès’ Star Film company. As we explored in a recent post in the Every Year series, Méliès had some ties to those at Pathé, but was primarily thought of – and thought of himself – as an independent filmmaker that had his own company. So, though they had their ties, Pathé and Méliès were business competitors–which is made no clearer than by the fact that Pathé was the fire that threatened to consume Méliès’ career from 1910. It was in this year that he signed a contract with Pathé that put his home and studio at stake. Having failed to fulfil his contract, Pathé cut ties with Méliès and attempted to take what was now theirs. However, because of WWI, Pathé could not take Méliès’ livelihood away until 1923. Nonetheless, it was Excursion To The Moon that was a preemptive step in Pathé destroying their competition. After all, Méliès’ decline began around 1905, the same year in which Pathé moved Chomón from Barcelona to Paris. By 1908, Méliès had been deconstructed and, in many respects, bettered by Chomón. Whilst Chomón could not out-do Méliès’ most iconic and (at that time) internationally renowned film, Excursion To The Moon is seemingly a symbol of the fact that, by this point, he was the better filmmaker and that Pathé had won over their competition with Star Film.
Beyond anything that we are about to talk about on the topic of what separates and joins Chomón’s work from Méliès’ is, in my view, Chomón’s capacity for evolution. Chomón could only surpass Méliès’ mode of filmmaking because Méliès forever remained many years behind Chomón whilst he moved with the tides in a way that only figures such as Alice Guy-Blaché would transcend. Méliès’ stagnation leaves his first year of film production, 1896, one of his most impressive. It was in this year that he developed his most spectacular tricks that he would primarily refine and then integrate into longer, more elaborate narratives until his last year of film production, 1912. Conversely, Chomón would evolve steadily so that the kinds of films he made in 1902 looked nothing like they did in 1912; he would have new tricks and a new approach. And so this is something to hold onto when we get to the end of this post and the last of Chomón’s films.
To start in the beginning, let us now look to one of Chomón’s first trick films, The Spring Fairy from 1902:
Here, we don’t just see an example of Chomón’s use of colour, but also reverse motion (which Méliès very rarely utilised). There are more significant details about The Spring Fairy, however. The first is the fact that Chomón co-directed this film alongside Ferdinand Zecca, another important filmmaker who worked at Pathé. This collaboration says a lot about our characterisation of Chomón as a new generation of filmmaker. The most significant pioneers – Dickson, Guy-Blaché, the Lumiéres and Méliès – were all, at some stage, independent artists or businessmen (women, too). Though Chomón would attempt, and quickly fail, to start his own film production company in 1910, he always maintained strong ties with Pathé and film industries bigger than himself. This is a career path that becomes ever more common from the 1900s.
With the rise of Hollywood and the solidification of other film industries across the rest of the world in the nineteen-teens, it became ever more rare for new companies and threatening competitors to emerge. And this has remained the case ever since (unless you consider the threat of television and now the internet as it keeps evolving). If we look to Hollywood in the modern day, we have the “Big 6”: Disney, Sony (Columbia), Fox, Warner Bros, Paramount and Universal. Fox is the newest of these companies as it was founded in 1935. Sony (Columbia), Disney and Warner Bros were founded between 1923 and 1924. Paramount and Universal were apart of the birth of Hollywood itself in 1912. The only film companies that are older than these two are Gaumont (started in 1895), Pathé (1896) and Nordisk Film (1906). All of these film companies, as you may know, are still around today; they fought for their place at the top of their industries and they have retained it with few (less than you’d imagine) real threats.
What this says about Chomón is that he represented what would come to be seen as the new standard kind of filmmaker. He was then not only tied to a studio for the entirety of his production career, but would go on to work in other industries when he stopped directing films as a cinematographer and visual effects artist for movies such as Cabiria and Napoleon. And so, it is looking at The Spring Fairy that we find a symbol of this, and maybe a reason as to why Chomón could evolve. He, after all, was a cog in a much bigger system, a system that he could learn from and could use as a kind of safety net. With Méliès and other independent artists, the case seems to be that, when you start losing, you begin to lose all by yourself – and there’s also no support network around you when the going is good, at least, not one that isn’t constructed by yourself. Because he had a constant network around him, Chomón was able to, later in his career, move to Italy and work on Pastrone’s epic, and even later than that, work on Gance’s masterpiece. Whilst it cannot really been confirmed, this is one of the more subtle, yet very pertinent, ways in which Chomón and Méliès were different
Coming back to The Spring Fairy, within this film are also markers of Chomón’s style and approach to film form and narrative. Starting with the use of reverse action, this is a staple of Chomón’s work that he would reprise in a plethora of his films. One of the most impressive examples that is seemingly a study, or exploitation, of this trick is The Fantastic Diver from 1905:
The first film to demonstrate reverse action was the Lumiéres’ Demolition Of A Wall from 1896:
Reverse action in its time, as represented by this actuality, was one of the most expressive symbols of the control cinema had. Whilst Muybridge’s work is the archetype of the control that a moving picture camera system gives a person over space and time, reverse motion was more than the capturing of space and time in a bottle; it was the manipulation of the magic bottled within. Chomón, whilst he was not the first to do this, took this sentiment beyond the actuality. With The Fantastic Diver, we see reverse motion combined with trick cuts being used as a subtle commentary on the metamorphic ‘reality’ of the cinematic realm. To continue this line of thought, it would be important to recognise other motifs that would be present throughout Chomón’s work that were established with The Spring Fairy.
In a select few of Chomón’s films, there was this concept of a baby being born from a fairy (not just in The Spring Fairy, but also Easter Eggs) that mimicked the tale that Guy-Blaché told in her first film, The Cabbage Fairy, and later in Midwife To The Upper Classes. This set the foundations for the phantasmagorias (a dream like narrative) and morality tales that both of these filmmakers would make, with Chomón specialising in phantasmagorias and Guy-Blaché morality tales. Added to this, however, in most of Chomón’s films there are aesthetic elements of flowers, insects and nature. This is true of many French films of this period, but Chomón’s films are the most expressive examples of this. Look, for example, to The Magic Roses:
In this film, we see Chomón’s use of colour, costumes and sets all centred on the use of natural, floral imagery. What is deeply embedded into Chomón’s films is then the Art Nouveau movement. With its origins in the designs of British designer, William Morris, and the Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau was an international reaction to academic arts of the 1800s. The ‘new art’ was then a kind of decorative art that merged with the flourishing industrialisation of the late 19th century and early 20th century. Art Nouveau was, in some respects, mass produced art for the home and public that, much like the Arts and Crafts movement, refined and brought craftsmanship and natural simplicity to public and personal structures. If we then look to elements of the Paris Métro, which was constructed between 1898 and 1900, we see an example of public infrastructure made in the Art Nouveau era (which lasted between 1895 and 1910).
There is much to see in the floral designs of these facades and signs that is reflected in Chomón’s films. Thus, in many respects, Chomón was Art Nouveau.
As an extension of this, the manner in which cinema, too, was a mass produced product from a newly industrialised age that was given personal creative and artistic treatment, further resonates with the sentiments of the Art Nouveau and Arts and Craft movement. Thus, in many respects, early cinema is very Art Nouveau or Arts and Crafts. Or, at least, this is a way of thinking about early cinema commercially and, in some cases, aesthetically.
If we take a moment to return to trick films and the Chomón-Méliès comparison, we have to touch on what is probably the best self-deconstructing pieces of work that Chomón ever made, A Hundred Tricks from 1906:
In many ways, Chomón was Méliès, Méliès, Méliès, Méliès and then some. Whilst he refined his work and technologically and formally evolved past him, Chomón spends much of his time out-doing Méliès through the quantity of his effects. In such, the structure of a Méliès trick film is often much like The Living Playing Cards from 1905:
Méliès often has one big trick that he sets up and establishes with many smaller tricks that warm up to, for example, a card coming to life. Chomón on the other hands starts high, a magician materialising from a disc, and attempts to maintain a great intensity, often with repetitive tricks that show variation and, possibly, an escalation of complexity. However, the fault that you can find in Chomón’s trick films is that they can sometimes become a little monotonous or a little too reliant on ceaseless spectacle. Two further examples of this would be The Golden Beetle…
… in which Chomón seemingly throws all the colours and flashing lights that he can manage at us, as well as The Cigar Box:
With The Cigar Box, Chomón also demonstrates a greater sense of choreography and mise en scéne than that which Méliès, whose staging was often layered, yet linear and static, would demonstrate…
… with the utilisation of swirling crowds of players instead of theatric lines of them. (A better example of Chomón’s choreography can be seen in The Charmer). There is nonetheless a lot of repetition meeting a rather hotchpotch ‘plot’ in Chomón’s films that demonstrates his lacking capabilities in the field of narrative that he would have to develop over time – which we would certainly see later on in his career.
Before transitioning to Chomón’s latter years as a director, we have to touch on a few more of his technical and formal achievements.
With The Bewitched Shepard, we have a comedy film that is somewhat similar to Los Guapos del Parque (which is a brilliant example of a chase film by Chomón). What strikes me most with this film, however, is the final shot: the medium close-up.
This is something that you’d have a hard time finding in Méliès’ films, and so is a demonstration of one of the key ways in which Chomón considered the form of his films seriously. In such, it is clear that Méliès thought predominately of the internals of his films and how they reacted with post-production (the editing), whilst Chomón managed all stages and levels of his production with greater dexterity; his narratives were often more complex, his tricks came in greater numbers and they were not just predicated on a cut or transition of some kind. A brilliant example of the way in which Chomón used his camera not just for cinematic language, but also trickery, can be seen in Kiri-Kis:
Here, Chomón shoots, looking down upon his characters, so that they can perform seemingly impossible feats with ease. What is demonstrated here is then an understanding that a camera is not just a special effects box, but something which can be used to manipulate perception without editing. Combining his trick film sensibilities with his developing understanding of cinematic language, Chomón would create more articulate and intricate films such as The Enchanted Glasses from 1907:
It is with tricks like this…
… that Chomón then left Méliès farther and father behind. However, there is still so much more to be found in Chomón’s seemingly inexhaustible catalogue of films, which is, in fact, just over a third of what Méliès’ is, with just over 80 of Chomón’s films having survived to this day to Méliès’ 220+ .
Chomón, as we have touched on, demonstrated an interest in metamorphosis. We see this in films such as The Express Sculptor:
Just as the sculptor slaps his finished products in the face to show their malleability as well as his control, Chomón seems to use his tricks to construct narrative films. In such, the control he has is very evident for the way in which he tangibly impacts a cinematic space. One of his most iconic and individual tricks of this kind was certainly his stop-motion animation:
Bob’s Electric Theatre is one of Chomón most impressive films that separate him from other cinematic tricksters quite clearly. But, he wouldn’t just use animation to put on a show that resembles a vaudeville act or a magic trick show. In The Gold Spider, Chomón integrates animation into a narrative:
As he did in The King Of Dollars and The Gold Obsession, Chomón constructs a narrative around money here, one that wasn’t confined to a studio shot in wide angles. This film then marked some of the greatest evolutionary steps that Chomón made. But, this wasn’t a one-and-done achievement. It is with The Gold Spider alongside The Electric Hotel, Slippery Jim, Traveller’s Nightmare, Scullion’s Dream and The Haunted House, that Chomón’s puts to screen some of his best and most iconic work, all of which was born out of a steady evolution over half of a decade. And it’s with this final point that we can maybe put to rest the conflict which we have built up between Chomón and Méliès.
To reconcile with these two figures, it is best to see that Chomón ultimately moved away from the kind of films that Méliès is known for. Whilst he was still making trick films, Méliès’ best works were his fantasy epics such as A Trip To The Moon, The Impossible Voyage and The Kingdom Of The Fairies. Similar, but distinct from this body of work, the likes of Traveller’s Nightmare, Electric Hotel and The Haunted House are a variation on the narrative trick film that, instead of representing the heights of special effects filmmaking in the early 1900s, come to represent the height of this form of filmmaking in the latter half of the 1900s. In this sense, though their career’s overlapped and even ended around the same time (Chomón would stay in the industry and even direct again in 1923, but, you can infer what I mean), Méliès and Chomón can co-exist quite comfortably with Chomón being a descendent of Méliès in a similar way in which, for example, Fincher can be seen as a descendent of Kubrick.
To bring things towards an end, we’ll pick up on Chomón’s most sophisticated and intriguing film in terms of film history, Andalusian Superstition from 1912:
Thomas Gunning, who we have mentioned in regards to his term “the cinema of attractions” before, suggests that this film was seen by Salvador Dalí and/or Luis Buñuel before they made Un Chien Andalou – which is ground zero for many film buffs and one of the most iconic experimental films ever made. This is not at all surprising as both Chomón and Méliès seem to inadvertently represent a pre-Buñuelian, or pre-Dulacian, kind of cinematic surrealism. Not only do they contort and play with cinematic spaces in a way that really doesn’t have much to do with reality, but their films are very dream-like; with A Trip To The Moon we seemingly have a fantasy pulled straight from the unconscious mind of a child and with The Haunted Castle, a comedic nightmare.
Whilst the term ‘art’ most likely meant something very different to Chomón and Méliès and Dalí and Buñuel, their films have similar elements in them that all seemingly concern cinema as an outlet for the unconscious mind. It is then not entirely correct to bunch the films of Chomón and Méliès under the umbrella of “Surrealism”. However, it maybe makes sense to put a capital “P” on “Phantasmagoria” as we use this word to describe Chomón and Méliès’ films. Thus: Dalí and Buñuel, the cinematic Surrealists; Chomón and Méliès the cinematic Phantasmagorians.
Having now dived deep into the career of Segundo de Chomón and the place in cinematic history that he holds, we should brings things towards a conclusion. Chomón in many respects was “The Spanish Méliès”. However, the conflict that this suggests isn’t simple; Chomón was a distinguished, ultimately better, filmmaker who symbolised cinema beginning to evolve across different generations of artists. With his death in 1929, and after a long career as a colourist and director and then cinematographer and visual effects artist, Chomón was quickly forgotten whilst Méliès was being re-discovered by the world. His legacy has gained traction over the years, especially in regions such as Spain and in film history books, but, he remains immersed in shadow (which is partly cast by Méliès). Nonetheless, the importance of his films is quite easy to recognise when they are allowed to speak for themselves. This is a testament to his artistry and an honour of his contributions to cinema that is quite irrefutable.
Before leaving you, I highly recommend finding as many of Chomón’s films as you can (many of which I have already linked to). Here is an archive site which has collected around 80 of them. Added to this, you may find this article, which was one of the most useful piece of material on Chomón that I could find, interesting.
Blood Of The Beasts – Graphic Truth
It – Horror Structure: Solved
Author danielslackdsuPosted on May 3, 2018 May 3, 2018 Categories UncategorizedLeave a comment on Every Year In Film #23 – Dance Of Ouléd-Naïd
Thoughts On: Blood Of The Beasts (Le Sang Des Bêtes, 1949)
A short documentary that graphically depicts animal slaughter.
With a surreal and highly affecting kind of beauty, Blood Of The Beasts is about as graphic of a depiction of animal slaughter as you could get. For this, this short film will seemingly always be a controversial one. Whilst some will see this as inhumane, disgusting and horrifying – and often as a consequence or extension of this they will be vegetarians or vegans – others will see this as a practice of human nature and of life. And whilst I can understand why this would be such a controversial film that many people would find repugnant, I, in a specific way, support this kind of graphic realism as a form of truth. Moreover, I fall into the category of people that accepts animal slaughter and can openly and consciously consume meat knowing of how it is made.
On the grounds of this film’s ‘repugnancy’, I think it is so disturbing as a consequence of people not being exposed to the graphic and violent nature of the world. There is a counter-argument, however, that suggests that the exposure itself is a form of conditioning that wrongly normalises slaughter. But, in my view, such an argument is predicated on the idea that the world is not inherently violent and that its natural foundation is peaceful – which is far from the truth. Again, there is a counter-point, and that is that humans are separate from animals, which implies that we control our own nature. In regards to animal slaughter, this then means that people should find alternatives. And thus comes into the picture veganism and vegetarianism. This is still not an impenetrable argument though. As the debate on animal slaughter exists today, it seems to be an argument of perception – for the sake of animals, but more so for people. In such, there is a strong argument against animal cruelty; why make a creature suffer more than it is required to provide a person what they need? This is a sound argument and is why slaughter houses should be regulated – not so much for the animal’s sake, however. These regulatory practices seem to be in place so that people are not allowed, or are not obligated, to practice overwhelming brutality. (For example, the depiction of a dead cattle fetus in this short is, in my view, a depiction of something that steps over moral lines). We need no excuse to breed more violence in society than is necessary, and regulations should ensure this. However, this reflects little upon, and has little to do with, the animal and its pain, but, such is an inescapable paradigm.
The debate for and against animal slaughter is one that is entirely about empathy; it is argued against by people seeing an animal to be in pain and in turn seeing this as a reflection of their own brutishness, and argued for by those whose empathetic capacities do not construct such a mirror and are then free of such perceived guilt. To gauge who is right and who is wrong in such circumstances would require a study of the degree of empathy that is required to live the best life and in the best society. It is then clear that an extreme abundance of empathy will leave someone so full of self-hate, anxiety and fear that they’d likely be suicidal. Equally, it is clear that someone with absolutely no empathy would be incapable of moralising, and so would pursue whatever little interests they have, and no matter how destructive and evil they may seem to be to any normal person. The answer to our question of the optimal level of empathy for individuals and society then lies somewhere within the grey area in between the two extremes. Specifying where, however, is a task that cannot be done generally – at least, not to my estimations. This is because most situations require a good dose of empathy that keep us civil. However, there are a plethora of other situations, say for instance, someone gets hurt, someone is in need, or you are around children, where your empathetic levels need to be boosted. Simultaneously, however, to be objective and practical, for instance, when honestly assessing a situation and problem, personal or otherwise, requires empathetic levels to drop ever so slightly – and to solve the problem of organisms that have eaten meat for millions of years being hungry, you’d have to adopt a stance of empathy that, practically, has to seem very low to, say for instance (and speaking stereotypically), a nursery, or kindergarten, teacher.
It is then very hard, as it should be, to tell other people and the world what to do. This is because we all fall into a spectral haze that is made up of generally acceptable and functional positions. Concerning the slaughter of animals, both rational sides of the argument aren’t overwhelmingly wrong or right, in fact, they seem to inform and regulate one another. So, what seems to be most practical is that both sides exist as society naturally dictates and that they remain in contact. This is then why I support a film like Blood Of The Beast. This film doesn’t seem to hide much of the truth; it adds its artistic nuances, and sometimes the V.O commentary does get a little sensationalist, but reality seems evident enough. Transparency of this sort is one of the best kind of truths as it is truth without assertion, rather, ambiguity. In other words, Blood Of The Beasts is (was in 1949) a close depiction of reality that people could assess and decide, for themselves, if it was right or wrong. And this is why Blood Of The Beasts is a challenging film that I highly recommend. After all, truth and reality are something that no one (no mature person) should shy away from.
So, with all of that said, I’ll turn to you. What are your thoughts on this film and all that we’ve covered today?
Shorts #22
Author danielslackdsuPosted on May 2, 2018 May 2, 2018 Categories UncategorizedLeave a comment on Blood Of The Beasts – Graphic Truth
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EEAS homepage > EEAS > EU and partners work together for a torture-free world for all
EU and partners work together for a torture-free world for all
"Torture is a crime that can target anyone through different forms and in different settings, and all victims of torture, including those who are unacknowledged, neglected or overlooked, are at the forefront of our policy," High Representative Federica Mogherini claimed on behalf of the EU, on the occasion of the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, reiterating its strongest opposition to any kind of acts of torture worldwide.
To step up its work towards a torture-free world, the EU is using all its political and financial tools, ranging from the protection of victims, including those most vulnerable, to awareness raising, speaking out against abuses, to urging States to comply with their obligations under international law, to investigate allegations of torture and to bring perpetrators to justice. Ensuring redress for victims is also crucial.
Through its external action, the EU and its Member States also engage with third countries in regular political and human rights dialogues and financially support civil society organisations in fighting torture. In the last four years, the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights supported anti-torture projects worldwide worth €23 million, and an additional amount of €8 million is foreseen for 2019.
"Torture is a vicious attempt at breaking a person’s will. On this International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, I urge all States to end impunity for perpetrators and eradicate these reprehensible acts that defy our common humanity" said the UN Secretary-General António Guterres.
Against the backdrop of current challenges and setbacks, progress towards eradication of torture has been achieved.
The Global Alliance for Torture-Free Trade, promoted by the EU, Argentina, Mongolia and Cape Vert, is a cross-regional effort gathering more than 60 countries committed to ending trade in goods used for torture and capital punishment globally. The EU calls on States to support ongoing work at UN level, towards establishing common international standards in this field.
"More can be done if we all work together at international, national and regional level, hand in hand with the civil society and especially the human rights defenders who courageously raise their voice against torture around the world,"said Federica Mogherini on behalf of the EU.
The EU and its Member States will continue to cooperate closely with all their partners to build a torture-free world for all.
Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the occasion of the International Day in Support of Victims of To
The United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture
How has the EU progressed towards the SDGs?
International Day in Support of Victims of Torture
Middle East & North Africa (MENA)
Human Rights & Democracy
Foreign ministers adopt EU priorities for UN General Assembly
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EU marks peace building partnership with new Delegation in Kuwait
Federica Mogherini en tournée dans la région du Sahel
Statement by the members of the Global Alliance for Torture-Free Trade on the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture /file/torturefreetradelogo-wide-alliancepng_entorture_free_trade_logo-wide-alliance.png Statement by the members of the Global Alliance for Torture-Free Trade [1] On the occasion of the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture 26 June 2019 We stand in solidarity with the victims and
Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the occasion of the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, 26 June 2019 Languages: Русский press Category: Statements on behalf of the EU Regions: Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti DR Congo (Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon
Human rights and democracy in the world: EU annual report 2018 adoptedAt a time when human rights are challenged on a daily basis with many attempts to undermine the universality and indivisibility of human rights, the EU has remained at the forefront of the protection and promotion of human rights and democracy, be it in international forums, bilaterally with
Human rights and democracy in the world: 2018 EU annual report adoptedOn 13 May 2019, the Council adopted the EU annual report on human rights and democracy in the world for 2018.
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EUR-Lex - 32011D0684 - EN
Document 32011D0684
2011/684/CFSP: Council Decision 2011/684/CFSP of 13 October 2011 amending Decision 2011/273/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria
OJ L 269, 14.10.2011, p. 33–35 (BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV)
No longer in force, Date of end of validity: 30/11/2011; Repealed by 32011D0782
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2011/684/oj
Language 1 Bulgarian (bg) Spanish (es) Czech (cs) Danish (da) German (de) Estonian (et) Greek (el) English (en) French (fr) Italian (it) Latvian (lv) Lithuanian (lt) Hungarian (hu) Maltese (mt) Dutch (nl) Polish (pl) Portuguese (pt) Romanian (ro) Slovak (sk) Slovenian (sl) Finnish (fi) Swedish (sv)
Language 2 Please choose Bulgarian (bg) Spanish (es) Czech (cs) Danish (da) German (de) Estonian (et) Greek (el) English (en) French (fr) Italian (it) Latvian (lv) Lithuanian (lt) Hungarian (hu) Maltese (mt) Dutch (nl) Polish (pl) Portuguese (pt) Romanian (ro) Slovak (sk) Slovenian (sl) Finnish (fi) Swedish (sv)
L 269/33
COUNCIL DECISION 2011/684/CFSP
of 13 October 2011
amending Decision 2011/273/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 29 thereof,
On 9 May 2011, the Council adopted Decision 2011/273/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria. (1)
In view of the gravity of the situation in Syria, an additional entity should be subject to the restrictive measures set out in Decision 2011/273/CFSP with a view to preventing that entity from using funds or economic resources presently owned, held or controlled by it in order to provide financial support to the Syrian regime, whilst allowing on a temporary basis for frozen funds or economic resources subsequently received by that entity to be used in connection with the financing of trade with non-designated persons and entities.
Decision 2011/273/CFSP should be amended accordingly,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Council Decision 2011/273/CFSP is hereby amended as follows:
Article 3 is amended as follows:
paragraph 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into, or transit through, their territories of the persons responsible for the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria, persons benefiting from or supporting the regime, and persons associated with them, as listed in Annex I.’;
‘8. In cases where pursuant to paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 a Member State authorises the entry into, or transit through, its territory of persons listed in Annex I, the authorisation shall be limited to the purpose for which it is given and to the person concerned therewith.’;
paragraphs 1 and 2 are replaced by the following:
‘1. All funds and economic resources belonging to, or owned, held or controlled by persons responsible for the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria, persons and entities benefiting from or supporting the regime, and persons and entities associated with them, as listed in Annexes I and II, shall be frozen.
2. No funds or economic resources shall be made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of, natural or legal persons or entities listed in Annexes I and II.’;
point (a) of paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
‘(a)
necessary to satisfy the basic needs of the persons listed in Annexes I and II and their dependent family members, including payments for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges;’;
the funds or economic resources are the subject of a judicial, administrative or arbitral lien established prior to the date on which the natural or legal person or entity referred to in Article 4(1) was included in Annexes I and II, or of a judicial, administrative or arbitral judgment rendered prior to that date;’;
point (c) of paragraph 4 is replaced by the following:
‘(c)
the lien or judgment is not for the benefit of a natural or legal person or entity listed in Annexes I and II; and’;
the following paragraph is added:
‘5a. Paragraph 1 shall not prevent a designated entity listed in Annex II, for a period of two months after the date of its designation, from making a payment from frozen funds or economic resources received by such entity after the date of its designation, where such payment is due under a contract in connection with the financing of trade, provided that the relevant Member State has determined that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity referred to in paragraph 1.’;
Article 4a is replaced by the following:
‘Article 4a
No claims, including for compensation or indemnification or any other claim of this kind, such as a claim of set-off, fines or a claim under a guarantee, claims for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee, including claims arising from letters of credit and similar instruments in connection with any contract or transaction the performance of which was affected, directly or indirectly, wholly or in part, by reason of measures covered by this Decision, shall be granted to the designated persons or entities listed in Annexes I and II, or any other person or entity in Syria, including the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, or any person or entity claiming through or for the benefit of any such person or entity.’;
Article 5(1) is replaced by the following:
‘1. The Council, acting upon a proposal by a Member State or the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, shall establish and amend the lists in Annexes I and II.’;
Article 6 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 6
1. Annexes I and II shall include the grounds for listing the persons and entities concerned.
2. Annexes I and II shall also contain, where available, the information necessary to identify the persons or entities concerned. With regard to persons, such information may include names, including aliases, date and place of birth, nationality, passport and identity card numbers, gender, address if known, and function or profession. With regard to entities, such information may include names, place and date of registration, registration number and place of business.’.
The Annex to Decision 2011/273/CFSP shall become Annex I.
The Annex to this Decision shall be added to Decision 2011/273/CFSP as Annex II.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.
Done at Brussels, 13 October 2011.
For the Council
M. DOWGIELEWICZ
(1) OJ L 121, 10.5.2011, p. 11.
‘ANNEX II
List of entities referred to in Article 4(1)
Date of listing
Commercial Bank of Syria
Damascus Branch, P.O. Box 2231, Moawiya St., Damascus, Syria;- P.O. Box 933, Yousef Azmeh Square, Damascus, Syria;
Aleppo Branch, P.O. Box 2, Kastel Hajjarin St., Aleppo, Syria;
SWIFT/BIC CMSY SY DA; all offices worldwide [NPWMD]
Website: http://cbs-bank.sy/En-index.php
general managment: dir.cbs@mail.sy
State-owned bank providing financial support to the regime.
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Ford cuts Mazda stake to 3.5%; no longer top shareholder
Companies promise to continue strategic partnership
TOKYO (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co. will cut its stake in Mazda Motor Corp. to 3.5 percent to become the Japanese automaker’s fourth-largest stakeholder, scaling back an alliance of more than 30 years to focus on developing its own-brand cars.
Ford will reduce the holding from 11 percent by selling shares to Mazda partners via off-auction trading, the Hiroshima-based company said today. The transaction, valued at 31 billion yen ($372 million) based on Mazda’s closing share price today, will be completed by Nov. 19, Dearborn-based Ford said in a separate statement.
While Ford retains production tie-ups in Thailand and the United States with the Japanese company, it intends to end developing vehicles jointly with Mazda as it focuses on its namesake brand under CEO Alan Mulally. The two automakers will continue to work together on ventures, projects and exchanges of technology information, Takashi Yamanouchi, Mazda’s CEO, said in the statement.
“Mazda will keep a certain level of alliance with Ford, but gains more management freedom,” Satoru Takada, a Tokyo-based analyst at TIW Inc. said before the announcement.
Ford, the only major U.S. automaker to avoid bankruptcy, formed an automatic-transmission joint venture with Mazda in 1969 and acquired a 25 percent stake in the Japanese automaker in 1979. The U.S. carmaker took effective control of the Japanese company in 1996, raising its stake to 33.4 percent.
Stake cuts
Ford cut its stake to 13 percent in November 2008 to raise funds amid the global financial crisis, and a share issue by Mazda last year further reduced that holding to 11 percent.
“We aren’t considering a capital tie-up at all with any other carmaker and do not intend to consider any,” Yamanouchi said at a briefing in Tokyo today. Still, the company is open to supplying its technology to other automakers, he said.
Several of Ford’s current models were developed with Mazda. The new Fiesta small car is based on the mechanical foundation of the Mazda2 subcompact, Ford’s Fusion family sedan is based on the Mazda6 platform and its new Ranger pickup truck is built alongside its mechanical twin, the Mazda BT-50, at the factory in Thailand that the automakers jointly own.
China venture
The second-largest U.S. automaker signaled in December that it intends to end developing cars and trucks jointly with Mazda.
“For a lot of designing and engineering, we’re going to be focused on Ford,” Mark Fields, Ford’s president for the Americas and a former Mazda CEO, said at the time. “Our efforts will be focused on the Ford system, as opposed to relying on others such as Mazda.”
Mazda is still awaiting approval from authorities in China on its proposal to restructure its venture in the nation, Yamanouchi said. Mazda, Ford and Chongqing Changan Automobile Co. submitted a proposal to restructure their partnership in China, the Japanese carmaker said in May.
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Ton Duc Thang | Article about Ton Duc Thang by The Free Dictionary
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ton+Duc+Thang
Ton Duc Thang
Ton Duc Thang,
1888–1980, Vietnamese politician. He was an early supporter of Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh
, 1890–1969, Vietnamese nationalist leader, president of North Vietnam (1954–69), and one of the most influential political leaders of the 20th cent. His given name was Nguyen That Thanh. In 1911 he left Vietnam, working aboard a French liner.
..... Click the link for more information. and was imprisoned (1929–45) by the French colonial regime. After Vietnamese independence, he rose quickly in the North Vietnamese Communist party. He was vice president (1960–69) and became president of North Vietnam, a largely ceremonial position, upon Ho's death in 1969. After 1976, Ton was president of the newly reunited Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Born Aug. 20, 1888, in Long Xuyen Province. Veteran of the revolutionary movement in Vietnam. State figure of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Member of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) since 1930.
Ton Due Thang was born into a peasant family. While still young he became an adherent of the revolutionary movement. In 1910 he went to work in a factory in Saigon, and in 1912 he went to France and became a sailor. In 1919, while in the French Navy, Ton Due Thang took part in an uprising of French sailors in the Black Sea. After his demobilization in 1919,. he worked in the Renault plant in Paris. Returning to his native country in 1920, Ton Due Thang joined the revolutionary struggle and was a founder of the Fellowship of Revolutionary Youth of Vietnam in 1925. In 1929 he was arrested by the French colonial regime, sentenced to 20 years at hard labor, and deported to the island of Poulo Condore, where he remained until the victory of the August Revolution of 1945.
After the revolution, Ton Due Than was a leader of the armed struggle against the French imperialists in South Vietnam. In 1951 he became a member of the Central Committee of the CPV. He served as vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) from 1949 to 1955, and as chairman of the committee from 1955 to 1960. After serving as vice-president of the DRV from 1960 to 1969, Ton Due Thang became president in 1969. From July 1976 he was president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
From 1951 to 1955, Ton Due Thang was chairman of the Standing Committee of the Lien Viet (United Vietnam National Front), and from 1955 to 1977 he was chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Patriotic Front of Vietnam. He was chairman of the Society for Vietnamese-Soviet Friendship from 1950 to 1969. Since 1977, Ton Due Thang has been the honorary chairman of the Patriotic Front of Vietnam. In 1955, Ton Due Thang won the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Nations; in 1967 he was awarded the Order of Lenin and in 1978 the Order of the October Revolution.
<a href="https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ton+Duc+Thang">Ton Duc Thang</a>
Division of Computational Mechanics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Soete Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium, E-mail: magd.
Experimental and numerical investigation of flutter phenomenon of an aitcraft wing (NACA 0012)
In 2013, he joined the Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam as a lecturer.
Prior to joining Ton Duc Thang University, he was senior engineer at the VinaPhone Mobile Network from 2003 to 2009.
Time switching for wireless communications with full-duplex relaying in imperfect CSI condition
Address : 7, Ton Duc Thang street, Phu Hoi Ward, Hue City
Provision, Installation And Construction Of Solar Photovoltaic Car Park Roof For Thua Thien Hue Department Of Planning And Investment
Ton Duc Thang and the Politics of History and Memory, by Christoph Giebel.
Christoph Giebel's Imagined Ancestries of Vietnamese Communism: Ton Duc Thang and the Politics of History and Memory is a fascinating examination of one of the most prominent, and yet least well-known, figures in twentieth-century Vietnamese history.
Imagined Ancestries of Vietnamese Communism: Ton Duc Thang and the Politics of History and Memory
Imagined ancestries of Vietnamese communism: Ton Duc Thang and the politics of history and memory By CHRISTOPH GIEBEL Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2004.
After the death of Ho Chi Minh in 1969, Ton Duc Thang became president of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (DRVN), and later the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, until his own death in 1980.
Imagined ancestries of Vietnamese communism; Ton Duc Thang and the politics of history and memory.
Vietnamese communist leader Ton Duc Thang, imprisoned by French in 1929 and freed by the Vietnamese Communist Revolution of 1945, went on to hold a number of prestigious positions in the independent Vietnamese state while exerting little influence on policy-making nor exhibiting much desire to gain such influence.
Imagined ancestries of Vietnamese communism; Ton Duc Thang and the politics of history and memory
Contractor address : 5B Ton Duc Thang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City,
Package Da-g02 - Lot 2.1: Supply And Delivery Of Primary Equipment And Materials For 500kv Dong Anh Substation Andconnections
Address :The Landmark Building 2nd Floor, 5B Ton Duc Thang, District 1
Supply of Electrical Equipment and Materials for Substation and Connecting Branches for the 500kV Cau Bong Substati on and Connections Sub-project
Tomonaga Shinichiro
Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro
Tomopteridae
Tomorr
tomosynthesis
Tompa, Ferenc
Tompkins, Daniel D.
Tompkins, Douglas Rainsford
Tompkins, Kristine McDivitt
Tompo
Tomšic, Tone
Tomsk Medical Institute
Tomsk Oblast
Tomsk Polytechnic Institute
Tomsk, University of
Tomskii, Nikolai
Tomskii, Nikolai Vasilevich
Tomson, Aleksandr
Tomson, Aleksandr Ivanovich
tomtit
Tom-USA State Regional Electric Power Plant
ton of refrigeration
ton slate
Ton that Thuyet
Ton that Tung
Ton, Konstantin
Ton, Konstantin Andreevich
Tonadilla
Tonal Function
Tonbridge and Malling
tondino
Tone Arm
tone code ranging
tone control
tone dialing
tone generator
Tone Languages
TOMSS
tomtate
TOMTC
tomtits
TomTom (company)
Tomtom one
Tomudex
TOMUG
TOMUS
TOMV
ton carbon
Ton mile
Ton mileage
Ton of air conditioning
Ton of Equivalent Petroleum
Ton of TNT
Ton petroleum equivalent
ton troy
Ton Up Machinery Works
ton(o)-
ton-
ton-kilometer
Ton-kin
ton-mile
ton-miles
ton-up
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Shashi Tharoor chosen for Crossword lifetime achievement award
IANS December 08, 2018 04:43 PM IST
Tharoor is a bestselling author of 18 books and has a proven track-record of producing literary works, both in fiction and non-fiction, that have lasting relevance.
New Delhi: In a recognition long overdue, the Crossword Book Award announced on Saturday that its jury has unanimously nominated Shashi Tharoor, who is at the peak of his literary career and is easily among the most read and debated authors in contemporary India, for the Lifetime achievement award in view of his stellar contribution to literature.
Crossword Book Award introduced the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016, which was conferred upon the stalwart, Ruskin Bond, by Gulzar. In 2017, Sudha Murty was conferred the award by leading cardiac surgeon Dr Ramakanta Panda.
Crossword, in the past, has also awarded stalwarts such as Salman Rushdie, Vikram Seth, Amitav Ghosh and Kiran Desai, raising the bar for its esteem and reverence.
"Through his expressive writing, Dr Shashi Tharoor has explored the diversity of culture in India. Notably, he has produced both works of fiction and nonfiction. He's also one of the most recognised writers from india, among the global diaspora, holding his own against the best. His contributing to making ‘Indian writing in English', a global force is acknowledged by all," said Maulik Desai, head, Crossword Bookstores.
Tharoor is a bestselling author of 18 books and has a proven track-record of producing literary works, both in fiction and non-fiction, that have lasting relevance. But his literary ventures began long before the publication of "Reasons of State" as Tharoor's extraordinary talent and ability of toying with words found utterance at a relatively younger age.
His first publication, a short story, came at the age of 10 in Bharat Jyoti, a Sunday supplement in Free Press Journal. While he was still at school, the writer-in-making had already been accustomed to seeing his name in print as his contributions in the form of short stories and essays appeared in leading Indian newspapers and magazines.
"The Great Indian Novel", published in 1988, was perhaps Tharoor's formal introduction to the literary world and there has been no looking back ever since. Along the way came several books, some successful, others not so much, but the writer found a new lease of life after his foray into politics.
His three current books, "An Era of Darkness", "Why I Am A Hindu" and "The Paradoxical Prime Minister" -- all works of non-fiction -- have reached thousands of new readers and as writer, Tharoor is at the peak of his popularity in contemporary India.
At the same time, his writings bear testimony to the fact that Tharoor has been consistent in his views. The criticism that he unleashes on communal politics or his angst against authoritarian form of governance aren't something new that the writer preaches owing to his political compulsions. A keen reading of his books reveals that his disillusionment with such forces aren't new but a sustained and matured view that have been formed as an outcome of his experiences.
Tharoor said he was looking forward to receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award later this month.
"I see this as an acknowledgement of more than five decades of published writing and 18 books. I have always seen my writing, both fiction and non-fiction, as a contribution to the national conversation about the ideas and issues that matter in the unending struggle to define India's soul. That contribution continues," the 62-year-old said in a statement.
But even as Tharoor will be awarded the Lifetime achievement award, he only seems to be writing faster than ever before in recent times. He relishes being in the public eye and is a regular face at almost every leading literary event. He enjoys engaging with his readers and it is always a delight to hear the man wax eloquently on his books.
This award, therefore, is a recognition of the hard-earned literary profile that he has built over the past five decades and his readers are looking forward to reading more from him.
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The fauxtoegrafik blog
Thoughtpieces and random musings on museums and digital media
No, not that Kevin Bacon
Digital diversions
Museological musings
Brighton, gamish, heritage, Murder in the Manor, non-games, Preston Manor, Royal Pavilion and Museums, video games
Nameless Gameless
I have a problem with video games. My problem is not that I dislike them (I’ve been a gamer for a good 30 years or so now) or that I think they’re harmful (which is nonsense) or that I suffer from an addiction to them (a family and a job keep me on the straight and narrow there). My problem is a professional one. At the Royal Pavilion and Museums I’ve toyed with the idea of making a game for a couple of years now, but every time I have the opportunity to make one, I end up taking the game bit out.
Now, I am not a professional game developer. I’m a museum employee who happens to work with digital media, so there is no clear reason why I should be developing video games in the first place. And the reasons why I don’t make games are well thought through and, I believe, fundamentally sound. But while I don’t make games, I keep producing digital projects which are heavily influenced by games, even though it’s a struggle to call any one of them a ‘game’. The problem is one of identity. I’ve described them in the past as ‘non-games’, borrowing from this Wikipedia article, but I’d prefer to call them ‘gamish’. But even if you accept ‘gamish’ as an appropriate adjective, it doesn’t lend itself to any noun other than ‘game’. Which puts me back in the field of the ‘non-game’ or, perhaps, a ‘post-game’, if that didn’t sound like something bored staff might play in a sorting office.
So what are these gamish, gameless, ungames I’m referring to? Map the Museum was the first example of this. Although it’s a fairly dry, data-focused crowdsourcing project, its deliberate simplicity makes it feel quite playful, and some users have commented that it feels like a game. For my part, I’ve always thought of it as the heritage equivalent of a jigsaw in a waiting room, that attracts occasional contributions from those with an idle interest.
Story Drop, a forthcoming smartphone app we’re developing with Surface Impression, is also a bit gamish. It’s a geolocation treasure hunt of sorts, with rewards and even a points system, yet it’s not really a game. It’s an interpretation tool, and it doesn’t make any attempt to hide this.
Murder in the Manor is the closest I’ve come to producing a game. As I mentioned in a previous blog post, the project was originally conceived as a collaboration with game development students, but even when the project took off on a radically different tangent, gaming was in its DNA. The original project description I posted on Wired Sussex cited classic Lucasarts’ point and click adventures as one of the reference points for what we were trying to create, but that was the last time gaming was mentioned during its development. Indeed, if it wasn’t for the last minute decision to establish some prior activity before the user could attempt to solve the murder, there would have been nothing structurally resembling a challenge in the final product. Even now, it’s the fictional genre, the inherently ludic murder mystery, that is closest to a traditional game.
It was only a few weeks after launch that I took to reluctantly calling Murder in the Manor a game. Most people who used it agreed that it was obviously influenced by video games, but felt that it wasn’t really a game. At various points it’s been described as an interactive experience, or a piece of online fiction, but although these descriptions are reasonably accurate they make it sound like a sort of nebulous CD ROM experience from the 1990s. The decision to call it a game was really a striving for simplicity within the harsh attention economy of online stuff. But it comes at a cost. Considered purely as a game, Murder in the Manor is probably a bit rubbish. Given that the game elements were rapidly sloughed off from its design, that’s hardly surprising.
So why didn’t I just take the path of developing a straightforward game? That would have been an option with obvious appeal. Games are growing in popularity, and some museum games, such as the Wellcome Collection’s High Tea, have proven successful in engaging with hard to reach demographics such as 16-24 year olds. They are also being increasingly used in education, and from the conversations I’ve had with local teachers, the BBC’s selection of games are a popular resource. For more personal reasons, I’m also attracted to the idea of making games. Aside from being an incorrigible gamer, I have a lingering academic interest in the subject: many years ago I wrote a Master’s dissertation on video game space (featuring some brutal mashing of Kantian epistemology), and briefly started a PhD on the use of historical narratives within video games. But when it comes to actually developing video games for the purpose of a museum, I’m always struck by a number of severe practical and conceptual problems.
Video games are expensive. Even the simplest video game requires relatively complex rule based dynamics, which take time to design and program. They also require assets such as sound effects, graphics and visual design, which need to be professionally produced. All of this adds up into a costly piece of work, and although the Royal Pavilion and Museums is presently fortunate to have some substantial funding for digital projects, we have not had anywhere near enough to commission an established game developer.
There is a lot of competition out there, from dedicated video game developers with budgets that would dwarf even the wealthiest museum. Why would anyone play a video game that we produce, when there is so much choice elsewhere? Even a free game is competing with a lot of other free or low cost games in the App Store and elsewhere.
Video games rely on systems of player-induced cause and effect which create pleasing feedback loops. Some subjects lend themselves well to depiction in this form, such as physics (eg. the Science Museum’s Launchball), or military and economic history. But how do you tell the history of the suffragette movement through a video game, without becoming crass? Can a video game adequately convey the historical development of impressionism without simply bolting game mechanics onto a linear narrative? It may not be impossible, and the Assassin’s Creed games are one example of a big budget video game series that does a remarkable job at telling nuanced historical truths within a fictional grand narrative; but my suspicion is that smaller, more casual games will struggle to articulate this.
Even where video games do subjects well, do they do collections well? Tate Kids have done some great work encouraging players to think about the construction and form of art, but it seems to me that many museum games are really about subjects rather than collections. Which is fine, if your museum’s mission is to tell a particular story or promote one cause, or if the game is developed to support a focused exhibition. But for a museum service like the Royal Pavilion and Museums — which like most Victorian civic museums is an accidental jumble of collections bound by time, place and ambitions of permanence — our mission statement is bound by our collections rather than any subject, and this needs to be reflected in our digital activity.
It’s very, very easy to make a bad video game. As much as I love the medium, the great, or even half-decent games are outnumbered by a colossal amount of crap. To produce a good video game on limited resources requires affordable talent and a lot of luck. It can be a very risky venture.
So where does this leave any museum looking to engage with gaming cultures? Gamification may present itself as a halfway house, but as Ian Bogost has persuasively argued, gamification is bullshit. The term has already been sullied by too many superfluous badges and empty pointsification treadmills to be redeemed as anything meaningful.
One way forward, in my view, is to look at the example of some recent pieces of digital work which have been released through gaming channels, but which defy the description of games. These are the non-games I mentioned earlier, and Dear Esther, Journey and Proteus are the poster children of this slender movement (although it’s so insubstantial that ‘twitch’ may be more appropriate than ‘movement’). These three products are very different from one another: Dear Esther is a single user progression through a linear narrative punctuated by a voiceover; Journey is a wordless narrative with heavily mediated social interaction; Proteus is an entirely unnarrated exploration of a procedurally generated island. Yet, aside from the fact that these are all distributed through traditional gaming channels such as Steam and Playstation Network, these ‘non-games’ share one feature. The experience is derived from the pleasure of traversing through a rich spatial environment. This is not a feature that is unique to these particular works; Skyrim, Grand Theft Auto and many other video games rely on rich imaginary environments that frame the player’s actions. But what is striking about the non-game approach is how potent this sense of exploration can be in the absence of any clearly defined game mechanics.
Dear Esther in particular was a huge inspiration for Murder in the Manor, even if they bear few similarities or comparison. If you haven’t yet played Dear Esther, stop reading this and go and spend the £5 or whatever Steam is presently charging for it. It’s a wonderful journey; and for all its wrapping as a game, for me it’s more of a unique form of modernist literature than a game. What struck me when first ‘playing’ through it, was how such a powerful experience could be created from the fairly stripped elements of space and story. The player doesn’t ‘do’ anything other than walk and look around an island, and listen to a story. Although (mild spoiler alert) the landscape and story of Dear Esther are closely entwined, this got me thinking. Museums and historic houses provide spaces which feel very unlike everyday life; museums are also places for telling stories. A few of my colleagues had already done some good work with young people producing great creative writing inspired by our museums. But putting this material online always made the material feel slightly sterile, and its appeal was diminished by separation from its context. Could we create a digital experience that combined story and space to make an engaging experience that would not only give this creative writing a greater audience, but also promote our collections in a new way?
Preston Manor was an obvious choice, as its authentic history is, to be frank, of marginal appeal, and much of its interpretation, whether through role play or ghost tours, has always leaned towards the fictive. It’s also a site that is hard to promote, and although visitors enjoy the experience, it’s in a remote area of Brighton for many people, and lacks an obvious hook to entice visitors. When a colleague recommended the Little Green Pig writing group (whose motto, aptly, is ‘space to create’) and Say Digital came up with a stable and evocative way of representing the space of Preston Manor, Murder in the Manor folded together.
Of course, Murder in the Manor bears little resemblance to Dear Esther or any of the other works mentioned here. It’s not a studio creation; it was put together in just over six months; and as a slightly improvised collaboration between three organisations, an illustrator, and the eleven young writers who created the story, it may even feel a little thrown together. Yet it has achieved some small but extraordinary things. The visitor numbers have not been huge, although they have stabilised at around 300 visits a month. In part, that’s a result of the decision to build Murder in the Manor in HTML 5 rather than as an app or Flash game. Accessing the site is much more fluid to the casual visitor, and will happily work on iOS devices, but it has meant that we could not promote it through recognised channels like the App Store or Kongregate.
But the quality of engagement has been hugely encouraging. Average dwell time on the manor ‘tour’ sits at between 20 and 30 minutes per month (this compares to 3 – 4.5 minutes on our other websites). As an average this is heavily skewed by outliers, but the site regularly receives visitors spending between 45 minutes and well over an hour on the site. The event tracking also indicates that users aren’t simply looking around the rooms of Preston Manor. They actively engage with the ‘clues’, the stories written by the young writers. Indeed, the number of stories read in a month equates to about half the number of monthly views of posts on our more established blog. There is also strong evidence from Google Analytics that the site is being used by schools in Sussex. I don’t know why, or even precisely where, but there has been clear evidence of it being used in a classroom environment on a couple of occasions, even though the site has never been promoted to schools.
What makes this really remarkable is that the experience is entirely ‘uncurated’, in the sense that it is unmediated by any professional museum voice. I may have hatched the initial idea, but when a user spends an hour or so on Murder in the Manor, they are immersing themselves in content that has nothing to do with me or my colleagues. Enter Murder in the Manor, and it’s simply you, the manor, and the voices of the young writers. Take into account that the murder mystery takes the form of an unusual non-linear narrative (not always the most popular form of storytelling), and that we have previously found it very hard to engage audiences with online content produced by young people, and this level of engagement becomes quite astonishing. It’s certainly far exceeded my expectations.
So where does this leave ‘gamish’ work? Although I’m looking at adapting the methodology used for creating Murder in the Manor for another project, I don’t think the structure would work outside of historic houses. For me, the technology is of secondary importance (although Say Digital did a great job on the site). What’s exciting about Murder in the Manor is how it demonstrates that the gamish framing of outsider voices can create immersive and oblique celebrations of our collections. The value lies in the broad approach rather than the practical implementation. I suspect that narrowly defined ‘games’ may not prove a great (or even sustainable) leap forward for museum engagement; but gamish digital experiences that play with the expectations and literacies of visitors steeped in gaming culture may provide potent experiences that just might fuse new relationships between users, collections and museums.
The only problem is what to call the damn things.
From → Digital diversions, Museological musings
hellojon permalink
Understanding what you do is sometimes the hardest thing to define; maybe you are not the person to ask!
I currently operate under the name “Playful Communications” which is a phrase someone else used to describe what I did – I liked it and kept it. Maybe you should ask others what they think your work is and take something from that?
I work in similar areas and have experienced similar frustrations at what to call my ‘games’!
I was always concerned that using the term ‘game’ would inevitably disappoint participants through ‘false advertising’!
Jesse Schell talks about “transformational games”. Now, I have a ton of respect for JS but that just sounds dull as anything – a poor-excuse for a game almost!
I would be keen for some ‘catch-all’ term to describe what I do in this field but I imagine it would take someone like Schell or Ian Livingston to carry enough weight for it to stick… and so far I’m not hearing so much about ‘transformational games’!
So I came to the conclusion I would simply find a name for each variation of ‘playful activity’ that I produced, hence ‘Safari’.
SuperFly (me) Safaris were digital trails (usually using QR Codes) I created around cities, college campuses and schools. The definition of Safari is ‘hunt’ and ‘observe’ which was precisely what the activity was designed to encourage. Some were more ‘gamey’ than others employing plenty of game mechanics and dynamics such as: Points, leader-boards, multi-players, rewards, incentives, winners and prizes) and they were used in a variety of ways for: advertising, tourism, education, heritage, etc…
Participants were to hunt and observe objects, people and sometimes animals. (No animals, human or otherwise, were harmed during the process of any SuperFly Safaris.)
This talk by Jim Bannister (if you’ve not already seen it) may be useful, if indirectly: http://vimeo.com/15205539
Great post though, thanks for sharing 🙂
fauxtoegrafik permalink
Thanks, Jon. I agree with you re ‘transformational games’; it sounds too much like a marketing slogan, and overtly conscious of the pejorative connotations of games. Emphasising ‘play’ makes sense too, although ‘play’ is as awkward to define as ‘game’ in some ways. But again, I agree that it’ll a top developer to eventually define this. I still think Sid Meier’s definition of a game as a ‘series of interesting choices’ has never been bettered.
Jason permalink
We tried to do a ‘play your own adventure’ style game to tell the story of 20th century london to 7-11 year olds a few years ago:
http://talesoflondon.org.uk/
The experience made me mostly want to just take the game out and just tell the stories.
Scott Nicholson (@snicholson) permalink
I’m a professor at Syracuse University’s School of Information Studies, used to be a librarian, and now I create game and play-based expereinces in informal learning settings through my lab, Because Play Matters. I’m also a published board game designer and lifelong gamer. As I work in libraries and museums, I understand your frustration in living in this space of not-quite-games.
I would suggest that you take a closer look at what gamification can be. Gamification is not just about adding rewards to motivate people – it’s about using game design elements in a non-game setting. Ian’s article led many game-focused people to turn a blind eye to what gamification could be. Instead of just poking spears at gamification, I decided to get involved and try to provide a different model for gamification.
Over the last year, I’ve been focused on the concept of “meaningful gamification,” which is about using game elements to help players find meaning in non-game settings. It’s focused on concepts of play and participatory exhibit design from museums, and uses concepts like narrative, play, reflection, and information to create ludic learning spaces.
I point to science museums as an example of meaningful gamification. They don’t need badges to get people to engage with science; instead, they use interaction, choice, and play to help people find thing that are interesting. This is what you are already doing.
Not all gamification is bullshit… and we can use more people to help spread the message to those focused on reward-based gamification that there is another way.
You can learn more about meaningful gamification at http://becauseplaymatters.com/pubs/
Thanks, Scott. I suppose the issue with gamification is one of language. I think there’s often a feeling that the word implies an injection of gaming elements into entirely different media, and i’ts this practice that often produces awkward and uncomfortable results. I certainly believe there is something in combining learning and heritage experiences with gaming, but the boundaries of what works and how are still very unclear for me.
I also agree that science museums have done some very good work in this area (the Wellcome Collection in particular http://www.wellcomecollection.org/explore/play.aspx), but there are far fewer examples of games used for, say, social history or art history.
In the context of this post, I was really thinking about games as simulation rather than reward mechanism. When I get a moment I’ll have a look at your papers, as I’d be interested to know if there is some good evidence based research demonstrating how gamification may work.
Gaming the suffragettes | Museum Cultures
What’s in a Name? | Play The Past
Museopunks | Episode 05 – Game On!
Family history: source analysis in Gone Home | Play The Past
The Big Why #IdeatoAudience – The Interpretation Game
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Modernisation, marketisation and housing reform: The use of evidence based policy as a rationality discourse
Keith Jacobs, Tony Manzi
People, Place and Policy, 7 (1), 1-13
DOI: 10.3351/ppp.0007.0001.0001
Evidence based policy (EBP) has served as a persuasive rationale for government intervention; providing a framework for evaluation through techniques of comprehensive and systematic review, closely associated in the UK with the welfare reforms undertaken by the Blair and Brown led Labour governments. In this article, we show how EBP serves as a convenient device for governments to present policy-making to a wider public, gaining legitimacy through an appeal to technical rationality and thereby shielding from scrutiny the underlying ideologies and politics that constitute housing practice. Following a brief discussion of the emergence of an ‘instrumental’ turn in housing policy, we consider the deployment of evidence based rationalities using the examples of public housing stock transfer, the housing market renewal programme and the 2011 Localism Act as evidence to support our arguments. Our key claim is that whilst housing policy makers continue to promote EBP to justify decision making, the choices they pursue are best explained by factors largely unrelated to ‘evidence’; for example the relative power and influence of interest groupings both within government and beyond. We conclude with the suggestion that housing policy research requires a significant reorientation if it is to provide insights into aspects of policy making that remain under-examined.
One of the most enduring debates amongst contemporary social scientists (Bridge, 2010: 117) centres on the how research can contribute to resolving practical policy dilemmas. On the one hand, writers such as Davies (2000) argue that research informed by evidence should make a contribution to the policy process; a viewpoint which has gained a considerable foothold in both policy-making circles and academia. It would not be an exaggeration to claim that the current era is characterised by an ‘instrumental’ orientation or ‘utilitarian’ turn in social science (see Solesbury, 2001). Even the most cursory glance of the funding criteria in government research tenders makes clear the expectation of demonstrating both impact and utility; research should therefore exhibit a practical application in advance of any actual data collection undertaken. Thus, applications for UK research council funds must demonstrate ‘pathways to impact’ and the 2014 UK Research Excellence Framework places considerable emphasis on the impact of social research.
An alternative perspective is advanced by Schon (1983) who argues that research has been largely ineffectual in addressing the major societal problems. In setting out this argument, he makes a distinction between a ‘high ground wherein practitioners make effective use of research-based theory and technique’ and a ‘swampy lowland where situations are confusing messes incapable of technical solution’. For Schon, the difficulty is that ‘the problems of the high ground, however great their technical interest, are often relatively unimportant to clients or to the larger society, while in the swamp are the problems of the greatest human concern’ (pp. 42-43). In this first part of the article we seek to extend Schon’s claim by interrogating, in more precise ways, the ‘instrumental turn’ in research practice through a discussion of how evidence based policy (EBP) has been deployed in the context of UK housing policy. We begin by addressing two questions: why has EBP become such a significant feature of government policy-making and second, what can the deployment of EBP tell us about the power-relation nexus within government?
The use of evidence as a rationality discourse
In considering why EBP has become such an integral feature of housing policy-making a number of academics have viewed its dominance as symptomatic of wider shifts in governmentality. For example, Crawford (2012) drawing upon the work of Zizek (1989) has argued that governments are prone to act cynically by adopting ideologies that obscure their true intention. Thus ‘in everyday life ideology is at work, especially in the apparently innocent reference to pure utility’ (Zizek, 2011: 248). At the same time, Solesbury (2001: 2) sees EBP as connected to a pragmatic, anti-ideological preference in modern politics. In our view, Solesbury’s depiction is an accurate one; as evidenced by initiatives implemented by the Blair administrations. Hence, one of the first acts of the new Government following the 1997 general election was to establish a Social Exclusion Unit, within the Cabinet Office, tasked with gathering and commissioning a wide spectrum of research to guide intervention through a series of Policy Action Teams. Second, the Government declared their commitment to modernise government through ‘professional policy making’ (see for example Cabinet Office, 1999; 2001; National Audit Office, 2001) and ministers outlined an unequivocal set of objectives for Government-funded research, typified by the Education and Employment Secretary’s statement:
We’re not interested in worthless correlations based on small samples from which it is impossible to draw generalisable conclusions. We welcome studies which combine large scale, quantitative information on effect sizes which allow us to generalise, with in-depth case studies which provide insights into how processes work (Blunkett, 2000).
The implication was that interpretative, qualitative research should be rejected in favour of aggregated, statistical and practice-based analysis. This utilitarian approach privileged research that is ‘not just useful but useable’ (Solesbury, 1991: 5) and the Modernising Government White Paper (Cabinet Office, 1999a) promised changes ‘to ensure that policies are strategic, outcome focussed, joined up (if necessary), inclusive, flexible innovative and robust’ (p.9).
In hindsight, whilst presented as an innovative, modernising feature of New Labour policy, this approach was entirely consistent with earlier models of UK public administration that prioritised ‘concrete factual realism’ or ‘unvarnished verisimilitude’ over ‘argument and acceptance’ (see Hood and Jackson, 1991). On this basis randomised controlled trials formed the ‘gold standard’ of research – the aim being to establish clear distance from the evaluation ‘subject’ to ensure objectivity and independence.
The instrumental turn in policy making can also be explained by Pawson’s (2006) argument that it signifies a ‘retreat from the priesthood’ in professional practice and power wherein a reluctance to trust officialdom and expert judgement has fuelled wider demands to produce evidence-based rationalities to justify decisions. For Pawson, this scepticism towards professional practice was a function of growing demands to prioritise user involvement and empowerment in public services, illustrated by the community-based reforms introduced in the UK housing sector. Public housing formed the background for a multitude of resident participation initiatives, which by the mid 1980s had formed the accepted orthodoxy of housing management practice (Cooper and Hawtin, 1998). These changes were accompanied by a concomitant decline in the power and autonomy of local authority staff (Cole and Furbey, 1993) and subsequent claims that policy rationale should be premised on the basis of ‘sound’ criteria, ‘transparent’ decision-making processes and piloting of initiatives (Cabinet Office, 1999a). Whilst it can be argued that the 2010 UK Coalition government reinterpreted evidence-based policy in favour of a more ideological commitment to policy, we contend that government continues to value pragmatic, demonstrable benefits over political objectives. Thus Cameron chooses to present himself primarily as a practical, non-ideological figure (Kerr et al., 2011: 200), with decision-making based on disinterested criteria. For example the Behavioural Insight Team, based in the Cabinet Office has advocated the extensive use of randomised controlled trials as a methodology to ‘test, learn and adapt’ what works in public policy (Haynes et al., 2012: 5).
Yet the above analyses only take us so far. A further explanation for the instrumental turn is the growth of knowledge management systems, with electronic information providing a source of innovation, as the ‘vital currency’ for public policy (Cameron, 2008). The transformation from ‘new public management’ reforms in the 1980s (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2000) towards ‘digital-era governance’ (Dunleavy et. al., 2006) from the 1990s underpinned these more technocratic forms of decision-making. Sanderson (2002) has made this point in a convincing way, arguing that the growth in ‘e-governance’ meant that evidence was not only much more easily accessible, but also more likely to be utilised by a wide range of interest groups to pursue policy objectives. Hence:
The future of public services has to use technology to give citizens choice, with personalised services designed around their needs not the needs of the provider … we will only be able to deliver the full benefits to customers [sic] that these new systems offer through using technology to integrate the process of government at the centre (Cabinet Office, 2005: 1).
Whilst these explanations to account for the increasing use of EBP by government are helpful, they are not sufficiently focussed on the modus operandi of government and fail to explain how governmental agencies and interest groups have promoted an instrumental system of policy making. In our view, there is a need to foreground the role played by deliberative policy making (Sullivan, 2011) or rationality discourses within government agencies to advance certain forms of intervention over and above others. For example interest-groupings within treasury departments became increasingly influential in the imposition of measures that were explicitly output focussed, using concepts of ‘additionality’, ‘displacement’ and ‘substitution’ as technical and logical persuasive techniques, and, incorporating both interactive and formative methods (see Sullivan and Stewart, 2006). The benefit of such methods was that they could be demonstrated as based upon sound justifications; in this way consensus would be achieved, secured through the deployment of evidence-based analysis.
As Sullivan (2011: 502) notes, this approach marked a distinctive shift from the kind of urban policy research commissioned through the late 1970s; for example, the Community Development Project research studies that offered structurally informed explanations for housing problems within Britain’s inner cities. The ground began to shift in the 1980s when the Archbishop of Canterbury’s (1985) Commission on Urban Priority Areas produced a report (entitled Faith in the City) described by Conservative Ministers (albeit anonymously) as offering ‘pure Marxist theology’ in its analysis of urban problems (Campbell, 2003: 390). Whilst such categorisations may be viewed as extreme, they indicated the suspicion held within central government departments towards research viewed as in any way ideologically biased. This suspicion was shared by an incoming Labour government, keen to display its pragmatic credentials and by the late 1990s Ministers and civil servants exhibited an aversion to any studies perceived as overly dogmatic; the implicit (as well as explicit) assumption being that research studies should rely entirely on technical (and therefore impartial) forms of measurement and evaluation. Kingdon’s (2002) distinction on the one hand between policy experts (‘the policy community’) concerned with ‘technical detail, cost-benefit analyses, gathering data and honing proposals’ and on the other ‘political people’ who concentrate on ‘winning elections, promoting parties, and mobilizing support in the larger polity’ (p. 228) appears increasingly untenable. In contrast ‘policy experts are frequently aggressive advocates for ideas and ideologies; they even become brokers of political compromise’ (Rich, 2004: 6). We argue that ideology is embedded in all variants of information collection and analysis and the claim that research can ever be wholly impartial is a chimera.
Post hoc rationalities
The above claims alert us to the need to investigate further the role of interest groups within government agencies and for this reason, we now turn our attention to the second question: what can the instrumental turn and the deployment of EBP tell us about the power relations nexus within and beyond government? In our view, it is revealing that whilst the value of evidence-based policy has been extolled by housing policy makers, it is in fact less often applied as a basis for decisions. In our view this is because the primary value of EBP for government is as a post hoc justification. As we seek to show, in practice, EBP does not easily translate into contexts where there is often a lack of agreement as to the causal factors that accentuate problems and where changing market conditions and policy contexts make it difficult to achieve consistent and reliable sampling frames for comparative analysis. As Harrison (2000) points out, urban policies are characterised by an ever-present political dimension, a multi-faceted policy community and an environment within which causality is difficult to determine. However, for the advocates of EBP, rather than diminishing the importance of evidence-based policy ‘if anything it reinforces it’ (Harrison 2000: 207).
As we stated at the start of the article, the appeal of EBP is that it performs so effectively as a justificatory strategy for interest groupings within and outside government to advance particular logics for action. Following Chilton (2004), we liken the deployment of EBP as akin to ‘epistemic legitimisation’, evoked to demonstrate superior knowledge to undermine opponents by proving their ‘impartiality’ and ‘rationality’ to a wider audience. The ubiquitous use of EBP is revealing, as it is an indicator of the shape of power relations within government, illustrating the steps policy makers adopt to secure legitimacy. Its deployment serves to dismiss accusations that policy making may be either haphazard or ideologically motivated. In the next section of the article we provide three examples to support our claims: the housing stock transfer process, initiated under a Conservative government and accelerated by subsequent Labour administrations; the Housing Market Renewal Programme; and finally the 2011 Localism Act introduced by the 2010 Coalition government. These examples are chosen to illustrate the persistence of EBP under successive administrations, encompassing the modernising and market based reform agendas pursued by Conservative and Labour governments over the last 30 years.
The modernisation of social housing: stock transfer
In domestic policy settings, the rhetoric of ‘modernisation’ constituted the guiding principle of the 1997 Labour government, underpinning their approach to public sector governance and welfare reform. Sharing the view of their Conservative predecessors that council housing was a ‘redundant project’ (Daly et. al., 2005) local authorities had been prevented from investing in new social housing, subjected to increasingly severe capital and revenue constraints upon investment in existing properties and confronted with restricted autonomy in decision-making. The consequence was that in the 1980s local authorities began to seek new avenues for investment, with the solution of partial or whole stock transfer to new and existing housing associations seen as an increasingly attractive option, due to the relative financial independence of the latter organisations. Guided by a pragmatic philosophy, based on the core principle ‘what matters is what works’, the 1997 government accelerated the transfer process, to the extent that by the end of the Labour government in 2010, over a third of local authority stock had been transferred to voluntary sector agencies. However, rather than a simple question of providing more effective service delivery, the transfer process was part of an ideological project ‘which seeks to bring commercial disciplines to bear on the running of public services. An important consequence of this was to reduce the role of locally elected representatives in directly controlling service provision’ (Pawson and Fancy, 2003: 6). Significantly this demunicipalisation strategy was not premised on any specific empirical evidence to show the voluntary sector was better suited to operate as social landlords than local authorities.
Looking back, it is clear that the stock-transfer process represented a ‘de-politicisation thesis’, which attempted to combine both managerial common sense and community governance (Pawson and Mullins, 2010: 97). However, as Pawson and Mullins acknowledge transfer has been an intensely political process, with significant controversy at local and national level, surrounding each stage, ‘from option appraisal, balloting arrangements, through to post-transfer arrangements for governance and accountability’, as well as over geographical expansion, diversification and forms of community engagement (p. 135). Whilst some critics have described the initiative as explicit privatisation (Ginsburg, 2005) and a form of ‘state led gentrification’ (Watt, 2009), others have rejected ‘simplistic’ privatisation critiques, yet acknowledged that stock transfer represents ‘a gradual elision towards more marketised forms of provision with the potential for lower degrees of social protection’ (Pawson and Mullins, 2010: 136).
Over a relatively short period, housing was placed in the forefront of a modernisation process – described accurately by Malpass and Victory (2010: 10) as a longer-term process of ‘migration of social housing towards the private sector’ with a variety of opportunities ‘created for private companies to seek profits directly from social housing’. These processes included both supply-side measures (including an enabling role for local authorities, growth of the housing association sector, the introduction of private finance, stock transfer and grant to private developers) and demand-side changes (such as resident involvement, choice, rent and regulatory reform). Hence initiatives depicted as pragmatic and non-ideological could be seen as highly politicised processes with evidence deployed to support these schemes used as legitimation rather than as neutral tests as to whether or not policies were likely to be effective.
Marketisation: housing market renewal
As we have argued earlier, whilst presented as a neutral and technical approach to policy-making, the use of EBP can be viewed as a legitimising device to deflect criticism; for example, that neo-liberal ideologies underpinned public sector reform. We argue that the promotion of marketisation has so permeated housing practice that it has become embedded as the dominant narrative of contemporary policy. Research investigations that have advanced alternative perspectives have been disregarded. To support this claim we turn to our second example; the Housing Market Renewal (HMR) ‘Pathfinder’ programme. This initiative was presented by government policy makers as based on a sound foundation of evidence (Mullins and Murie, 2006: 268) with a ‘stream of research and consistent lobbying by local authorities and housing associations [which] provided further justification for the government to adopt a new approach’ to address weak housing markets and low demand in areas of the North of England. As Mullins and Murie note ‘there was strong evidence that the relevant governmental players were persuaded that they had to adopt a different policy approach’ (2006: 268). Launched in 2002 the HMR programme had by 2011 resulted in over £2.2bn public investment and buttressed by £1bn private investment (Audit Commission, 2011: 2). As the objective of the initiative was to regenerate failing housing markets it was based on the assumption that the market should form the focus of policy, rather than a more general lack of decent housing provision. This assumption illustrated the extent to which a philosophy of marketisation (rather than evidence) provided the overriding justification for government intervention.
Moreover, the solution adopted was one that utilised extensive demolition of property and relocation of residents (Ferrari and Lee, 2010). Described as ‘C21st slum clearance’ (Minton, 2009: 91) the initiative has resulted in probably the most contentious regeneration programme of the last thirty years, with critics of government policy such as Allen (2008) viewing academics as ‘co-conspirators in the policing of knowledge production’ (Allen and Imrie, 2010: 8). For such critics, claims that the Housing Market Renewal Programme was informed by evidence were little more than a charade. For example Allen argued that the programme was based on a set of prior conjectures about what would benefit local communities and these assumptions, not evidence, determined both the design and outcome of the programme. In similar vein, Cameron (2006) claimed that ideology rather than evidence was the key driver informing the attempt to restructure the housing market, whilst Lees et al (2007) have characterised the programme as a form of ‘revanchism’.
The controversy surrounding HMR illustrates how evidence based rationalities have been deployed to occlude the politics and ideology behind decision making: as Mullins and Murie (2006: 269) write ‘even when evidence was the dominating factor the politics of policy making would not go away’. Hence:
evidence-based policy making seems most likely to work when the evidence is strongly supported by influential organisations and its emergence coincides with political and policy developments. Hence timing may be as important as the quality of evidence in explaining why major policy changes occur (Mullins and Murie, 2006: 269).
In other words, it is not hard factual data which informs decision making but the degree to which decisions are supported by dominant interests. In the case of HMR, a prominent alliance of government agencies, consultants, the house-building industry, local authorities and other social landlords influenced the programme. Whilst research activity played a significant role in the design of the HMR programme, the conclusions drawn about the use of this research have incorporated markedly different perspectives, highlighting ‘the inevitable tension between evidence, strategy and engagement at the heart of the programme’ (Ferrari and Lee, 2010: 108). As Murie and Rowlands (2008) conclude, the HMR programme reflected a ‘new ideological and technological shortcut to social change’, enabling the government to accelerate processes that accompanied the decline of manufacturing in the northern regions of England.
The example of HMR therefore constituted a ‘regime’ or general politics of truth (Foucault, 1986) that viewed the need to address the housing market as the central priority for government. However, despite over £2bn public investment and extensive demolition, the programme was discontinued by the 2010 coalition government for having failed to address underlying difficulties; as a report in 2011 stated ‘activities are usually not yet of a scale likely to tip the balance in favour of a normal market response’ (Audit Commission, 2011: 10). The failure of the policy gives credence to the claim that ‘it is not the policy that has had an impact on the market but the market which calls the tune’ (Minton, 2009: 103).
Whilst other examples could be given to highlight the way in which governments have utilised evidence HMR provides perhaps the clearest example of the use (and some would argue abuse) of evidence. Despite considerable opposition from community groups at the scale of the demolition programme and consequent urban blight (Power and Houghton, 2007; Allen, 2008) the dominance of specific interest groups within the housing policy community succeeded in convincing government Ministers to adopt the policy, although Cole, 2012, suggests that the process was more variable, uncertain and flexible than is sometimes claimed. As Cole (2012: 360) writes ‘Pathfinder plans…often contained fairly comprehensive lists of social and economic trends culled from secondary data, but they often lacked analytical force and contained little information on residents plans, attitudes and dispositions’. Moreover, due to limitations of cost, potential overlap with other programmes and ‘research fatigue’ there was no programme-wide study ‘of even the most cursory kind’ of community impact (ibid.) ‘making it impossible to measure how far HMR plans for demolition affected residents attachment to place, disrupted communities and caused displacement’ (ibid.).
The experience of market renewal provides us with a timely reminder to remain vigilant to the process of argumentation within policy, rather than accept ostensible rationalities that justify change on the basis of objective facts. Hence Hood and Jackson (1991) are dismissive of face value understandings of policy and suggest we focus instead on the way in which truth claims are deployed to determine which doctrines become received wisdom (p. 22), illustrating the importance of interpretation and a willingness to consider multiple sources of evidence within a contested policy terrain.
Evidence, ideology and the politics of housing reform: the 2011 Localism Act
In the two examples so far discussed we have sought to show how the conjunction of modernisation and marketisation has served to constitute the central narrative of contemporary housing policy. Our final example illustrates the continuity in policy, shown by initiatives undertaken by the 2010 Coalition government. Whilst in policy documents and public announcements, the Coalition Government have placed less emphasis on the concept of evidence-based policy than their Labour predecessors, their approach to policy making has similar underlying characteristics. They too deploy an instrumental and managerial paradigm as a rationale to justify change.
From the outset the ideological propensities of the 2010 Coalition government seemed clear and the decision to introduce legislation in the 2011 Localism Act rather than first commissioning pilot studies or demonstration projects appeared to mark a divergence in style from the previous Labour government. However, this eagerness to implement radical policy change coexisted with what has been described as Cameron’s ‘largely pragmatic politics of power’ based on the ‘maintenance of political office by reducing the risks of policy failure’ (Kerr et al., 2011: 200). Thus on the one hand the government offered a programme ostensibly based on principles of compromise and consensus, whilst on the other a clear ideological propensity was evident.
Evidence for this pragmatic politics of power is contained within the initial coalition agreement with the Liberal Democrats. Their agreement (2010: 7) stated: ‘we share a belief that the days of big government are over; that centralisation and top-down control have proved a failure. We believe that the time has come to disperse power more widely in Britain today’. Influenced by work undertaken by the Centre for Social Justice, the government sought to establish a causal relationship between social housing, worklessness and family breakdown. This claim was underpinned by a conviction that family breakdown causes poverty rather than vice versa; a process described aptly by Hanley (2012) as ‘reverse engineering’. By referring to a growing ‘social apartheid’ caused by social housing, Duncan-Smith (2008) built on antipathy to public sector provision developed under previous administrations to lay the foundations for a major transformation of the sector as set out in the 2011 Localism Act. This legislation has put in place a number of deregulatory strategies, to be implemented through local authorities determining allocation policies, that is: how best to house homeless people; how to manage their housing waiting lists; and the length of tenancy that meets household needs.
A core part of the government’s strategy was a neo-liberal critique of the principle of providing social housing to those in need. Hence the definition of what constitutes ‘need’ was altered to underpin the notion that the provision of state-subsidised accommodation should be for a limited period to meet an urgent situation: ‘in some circumstances people in acute, but short term housing need, acquired a home for life, although they may not have needed one, while other people who needed a social home in the longer term were left waiting’ (CLG, 2010: 16).
At the same time the discourse of financial crisis acted as a ‘preference shaping’ depoliticisation tactic (Buller and Flinders, 2006: 299) to demonstrate that the government had no choice in curtailing public expenditure and initiate ‘a radical overhaul of public services’ (Kerr et al., 2011: 200). The implication that the government had no alternative disguises the underlying ideological imperatives of housing and welfare reform. The solution is therefore to pursue a classic neo-liberal paradigm of governing without government, yet shrouded within a discourse of dispersal of power to communities. The above example illustrated the contingent basis of evidence provided and the scope for selective interpretation to justify policy interventions. Rather than being a technical, nonpartisan and objective enterprise, policy implementation is, as Majone (1989) argues, integrally tied to value judgments (in particular relating to deserving and undeserving groups) and public opinion. Majone’s arguments are apposite here; she shows that policy decisions are, despite attempts to persuade otherwise, not based on evidence (assembled by credible scientific methodologies) but by argument. The issues are usually determined by persuasive discourse and rhetoric rather than supposedly objective evaluation measures. For our purposes, the example of the 2011 Localism Act illustrates the privileging of data supporting the government’s general approach to the public sector (such as evidence of increasing dependency in the social housing sector) and the credibility of rationalities to justify change. As others have shown institutional discourses can be deployed in a variety of settings to mobilise biases towards certain forms of activity using evidence as a rhetorical device to manipulate and persuade rather than being a technical and value-free guide to intervention (see for example Rydin (2003) on planning or Hastings (2000) in a housing context).
Implications for policy and research
The ‘instrumental’ turn and the use of ‘evidence based’ research to promote policy interventions have significant implications. Whilst one might expect central government to adopt a positivist model of research, their approach has influenced research funding councils in both form (for example in promoting ‘impact’ as an overriding imperative) and content (for example by promoting the ‘Big Society’ as a particular priority). Charitable institutions have also been led by government policy (e.g. by stressing the importance of research into mixed communities under the last Labour government). Whilst our examples have been taken from a UK context, the use of evidence as a rhetorical strategy to promote housing policy has been prevalent in other national contexts such as the US and Australia (see Stanhope and Dunn, 2011). In the context of policy debate and scrutiny, EBP not only serves to camouflage the underlying ideologies that inform decision-making but it also closes off – rather than opens up -space for debates about the appropriate role of government (see Marston and Watts 2003 for a useful discussion).
The language of evidence-based policies appeals to politicians and policy makers because it conveys an aura of objectivity and transparency. Yet, as we have sought to demonstrate, the basic claim in support of EBP, namely that policy problems can be can be defined and addressed objectively is misleading, confirming research undertaken by writers such as Parsons (2002), Stacey (2002) and Sullivan (2011), all of whom have highlighted the extent to which policy decisions are informed by ideology and interest group mediation rather than unvarnished ‘evidence’. As Stacey (2002) writes, behind the edifice of EBP is a ‘chimera, that has eroded the legitimacy of ideological debate within the political arena’ (Sullivan, 2011: 507). In short, EBP has led to a proliferation of technical specialists and policy entrepreneurs who are increasingly detached from value based debates. In making this argument we are not suggesting that policy making has entered a value free era, rather our point is that market based ideology has been concealed through the deployment of EBP discourses. In practice, the elevation of EBP as a rationality to inform policy has provided credence and legitimacy to market based reforms, competition and privatisation that has been difficult to counter.
Implications for academia
Our concern in this article has been the wider impact of EBP in relation to governmentality through a discussion of UK housing policy initiatives. Yet the uses of EBP have consequences that extend further than government itself, offering important implications for academia and research. Whilst there is insufficient space to address these ramifications in detail, we contend that there at, the very least, two substantive issues. First, the elevation of EBP has redefined the relationship between the policy community and academic researchers. The rise in evidence ‘provision’ has set in place a financially circular relationship between policy and academe wherein sociologists can be depicted by May (2005: 256) as ‘outsourced servants of the evidence-based state’. Whilst May might be guilty of exaggeration, we would concur that the proliferation of EBP as a research rationality has had a detrimental effect upon the capacity of the academy to challenge and interrogate government policy; what Edward Said (1994) has termed ‘speaking truth to power’ is compromised. A commodification of knowledge has influenced academics as they are increasingly expected to secure grant income (see Allen and Imrie, 2010 for a discussion of how these process have affected the ‘social production’ of housing research). Whilst there have always been tensions in the relationship between academic research and government policy-making, an emphasis on public sector austerity means that this relationship is increasingly one-sided with funding agencies in a dominant position.
Second, the imposition of a rational objective in the form of EBP has narrowed the parameters of debate and made it more difficult to advance a critical perspective. As Solesbury (2001: 9) has argued, the long-term implications of managerial rationalities such as EBP are a ‘shift in the nature of politics; the retreat from ideology [and] the dissolution of class-based party politics’. We would argue the appropriate description here is ‘concealment’ and not as, Solesbury suggests, a ‘shift’. The selective interpretation and use of evidence by academics, civil servants and politicians has been a long-standing theme in social science, affecting official statistics as well as other qualitative research studies in a range of policy fields (see Byrne, 2011). The use of EBP as policy rationality if not challenged can become misrepresentation and distortion.
Whilst academia retains a vested interest in supporting evidence-based policy the deployment of EBP will retain legitimacy and stymie opportunities for more critical forms of enquiry. Research in the field of housing requires a reorientation if it is to provide insights into policy making that remain under-examined. One possible avenue for future research is to pursue a more sociologically informed approach that seeks explicitly to interrogate the interests and claims-making activities of those engaged in housing practice. Rather than construe policy making as a rational and linear process, such an investigation would focus on the conflicts within specific settings such as housing renewal, rent setting and housing management. A sociological analysis along these lines would seek to foreground the role performed by ideology and class and judge the capacity of interest groupings and agents to define policy making in ways that concord with their interests. In practice this would require an investigation of where these claims come from, how they are advanced and the resources used to support such claims.
Some of the ideas within this article were first presented at the Housing Studies Conference, York, April 2012. We would like to thank those participants who provided us with feedback at the end our presentation. Also our thanks to the editors and referees for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the article.
*Correspondence address: Keith Jacobs, School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 17, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia. Email: KeithJacobs@utas.edu.au
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Related tags: evidence based policy, Governance, Government and Politics, Housing and Planning, Housing Market Renewal, localism, stock transfer, UK Housing
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Homelessness and identity: a critical review of the literature and theory
Lindsey McCarthy
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Someone Hasn’t Been Reading F1@1F…
Posted in Law and Politics by Mike Sacks on April 18, 2010
In today’s New York Times Week in Review section, Peter Baker writes of “Obama v. Roberts: The Struggle to Come“:
The urgency is greater this year since the Citizens United decision in January, in which the Roberts court threw out precedents to rule that corporations have First Amendment rights to spend money in election campaigns. Advisers said the ruling crystallized for Mr. Obama just how sweeping the chief justice was willing to be. Indeed, some around the president suspect that Chief Justice Roberts, after moving incrementally in his first few years on the bench, has taken a more assertive approach since Mr. Obama took office.
This assertion defies facts. In fact, I began F1@1F to explore whether the opposite holds true–that Chief Justice Roberts has guided the Court more modestly under Democratic electoral dominance than he had at the start of his Chiefdom. From F1@1F’s very first post:
During the 2006-07 term, the first full term in which both Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito served together, Republicans controlled the White House and both chambers of Congress. Meanwhile, the Roberts Court aggressively pushed rightward on abortion, student speech, school desegregation, gender discrimination, and campaign finance.
The Court’s 2007-08 term proceeded alongside a divided government with a Republican President and Democratic majorities in the House and Senate. The Court reflected the division: President Bush, seeking a legacy, saw a conservative interpretation of the Second Amendment win out in Heller; the Democratic Congress, elected in a wave of anti-war sentiment, found its hostility to Bush’s war on terror policies reflected in the Court’s granting habeas corpus rights to Guantanamo detainees in Boumediene.
Last term, which straddled the Bush and Obama presidencies, found the Court taking a blockbuster case in in September 2008 that threatened to invalidate a key civil rights provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but pulled back with an 8-1 decision in June 2009 upholding the provision.
This term, the first one fully operating alongside a Democratic Presidency and Congress, is progressing in an almost post-partisan fashion, as if the conservative Court has taken to heart President Obama’s overtures to the Right unwelcome among Congressional Republicans. The Court is reckoning with one case that pits liberal values against liberal values, another in which two conservative values clash; further, McDonald v. City of Chicago may result in a grand bargain in which the conservative Heller majority can extend its interpretation of the Second Amendment to the states by breathing new life into a clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that could strengthen constitutional protection for liberal causes. In fact, the only case that threatens a drastic shift to the right in a politically salient issue is Citizens United, the campaing finance case I camped out for in September.
Since I wrote that in December, Citizens United has emerged, as expected, as the Court’s one big rightward expenditure of its political capital this term. And although the McDonald oral argument put to death my speculation of a grand bargain between the Court’s liberal and conservative blocs, its result–incorporation of the Second Amendment to the states–will not cause a national backlash and political firestorm.
The OT09 docket’s conspicuous absence of any other red-hot button case is, in my opinion, hardly an accident. Roberts knows just how much–or little–political capital his Court possesses to achieve conservative gains under a Democratic electoral mandate, and he has picked his battles accordingly. Baker’s sources are in plain error to use Citizens United as proof of a more aggressive, confrontational Roberts Court.
Baker’s article was not a total wash, however. Noting the Chief Justice and the President’s public colloquy of late, the article concludes:
The debate between the men, by necessity, takes place in this way — indirectly, and soon through the confirmation hearing of a new nominee. Christopher Edley Jr., an Obama adviser and dean of the law school at the University of California at Berkeley, said it was a shame the two could not have at it one on one.
“Televise this chief justice and this president on stage at the Kennedy Center for three hours talking about the role of government and the future of our polity,” Mr. Edley said. “This historic clash of intellectual titans would be the most powerful civics lesson since the Federalist Papers, and we could sure use it.”
We sure could.
UPDATE: Meanwhile, in The New Republic, Barry Friedman and Jeff Rosen support what I’ve written here several times over (or the other way around – as they are law professors who write books, not blogs):
How will the Supreme Court respond to these attempts to enlist it in a war with the president and Congress? If history is any predictor, the justices won’t be interested in a sustained assault. As both of us have written in recent books, on the big issues, over time, the Court tends to come into line with public opinion. Think here of gay rights, women’s rights, and abortion. And when the Court has wandered outside the mainstream–on issues like the death penalty or economic regulation–it has quickly retreated after encountering resistance from the public, Congress, or the president. The Court, in other words, is very sensitive to the possibility of backlash against its actions; and if anything, the heated reaction to its recent decision striking down campaign finance restrictions on corporations is only likely to make it more so.
Which brings us to the Roberts Court. Is it likely to stand in the way of Obama and the Democrats’ agenda? What will happen, in particular, with health care?
We aren’t seers, and a lot can happen before any of this makes its way to the Court. But nothing we’ve seen—including January’s decision in Citizens United—leads us to believe that the Court is likely to behave differently in the future than it has in the past.
Which means that the Court is going to be hesitant to launch a sustained challenge to the core of the Democratic agenda. And in the unlikely (but not impossible) event that it does decide to launch a sustained challenge, the justices will find themselves under attack in return as long as the Democrats still have popular support. If that happens, history suggests that such attacks on the Court will eventually precipitate some kind of judicial retreat.
Tagged with: Barry Friedman, Chief Justice Roberts, Citizens United, Jeffrey Rosen, NYT, President Obama, Roberts Court, The New Republic
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FAIL@1F »
Interesting Post from First One @ One First « Triple P – The Potter Political Pickle Blog said, on April 18, 2010 at 1:05 pm
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William Shakespeare Facts
By admin on May 3, 2015 Artists, Figures
Full Name: William Shakespeare
Birthplace: Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England
Birthday: Unknown, but observed April 23
Died: April 23 1616
Wife: Anne Hathaway
Occupation: Playwright, actor, poet
Lived: London, Stratford
Plays: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
Characters: Hamlet, King Lear, Iago, Prospero, Lady Macbeth
Nickname: The Bard, The Bard of Avon
1. Birth: Shakespeare’s Birthday Is Unknown
2. Legacy: Shakespeare Wrote 38 Plays and 154 Sonnets
3. Controversy: The Authorship of Some of Shakespeare’s Work Has Been Questioned
4. Family: Shakespeare Married an Older Woman
5. Family: William and Anne Shakespeare Had Three Children
6. History: Shakespeare’s First Plays Were Comedies and Histories
7. History: Shakespeare’s History Is Murky and Full of Holes
8. Occupation: Shakespeare Was Also an Actor, He May Have Played Ophelia in Hamlet
9. Home: Shakespeare Lived in London and Stratford
10. Death: Shakespeare’s Cause of Death is Unknown
Shakespeare’s Bloodline Died Out
It’s Difficult to Determine When Shakespeare Wrote Many of His Plays
Shakespeare Was Part of a Playing Company
Shakespeare’s Sonnets Were Initially Private
The Plague Spurred Shakespeare to Write Narrative Poetry
Shakespeare Invented Over 1,700 English Words
Shakespeare Forever Altered Storytelling
Shakespeare’s Sexuality Has Been Questioned
Shakespeare’s Plays Are the Most Performed
Shakespeare’s Epithet Is a Curse
Shakespeare’s Birthday Is Unknown
No one knows when William Shakespeare was born. William Shakespeare facts indicate there is a record of his baptism on April 26 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, where he was born and spent his early life. Shakespeare’s birthday is commonly celebrated on April 23, thanks to an error by a scholar in the 1700s. The date has stuck ever since, and also happens to be the date of his death in 1616.
Shakespeare Wrote 38 Plays and 154 Sonnets
William Shakespeare Statistics
Shakespeare wrote 38 known plays, 154 Sonnets, and two narrative poems. His plays include the ever-popular Romeo and Juliet, the comedies As You Like It and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and the tragedies Hamlet, Lear, and Macbeth. Shakespeare’s sonnets are written in his own style. The rhyme scheme he used is now called a Shakespearean Sonnet.
The Authorship of Some of Shakespeare’s Work Has Been Questioned
Shakespeare was a prolific playwright and wasn’t known as a learned author. This may be one reason why the authorship of works attributed to him has been called into question. About 230 years after he died, academics began wondering if Shakespeare had indeed written all the works believed to be his. The initial inquisition was a jest, but it brought light to the fact that little historical record surrounded the existence of Shakespeare. Even now, theories of the authorship of his vast body of work prevail.
Shakespeare Married an Older Woman
Much is said about Shakespeare’s genius and very little about his personal life and his wife. When he was 18, William Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who was 26 years old. William Shakespeare facts show the traditions of the time were not completely followed, leading many to think the wedding was rushed because of Anne’s state; she gave birth to their first daughter six months after they wed.
William and Anne Shakespeare Had Three Children
Susanna Shakespeare was welcomed into the world six months after her parents wed. Two years later, Hamnet and Judith, twins, joined the family. Hamnet, Shakespeare’s only son, died at the age of 11.
Shakespeare’s First Plays Were Comedies and Histories
Everybody Dies in Shakespeare’s Plays
Though some of his finest works were tragic masterpieces, it is believed that Shakespeare began by writing histories and comedies. According to Shakespeare facts, later in his career, he returned to re-master the art form of an entertaining history and a rousing comedy.
Shakespeare’s History Is Murky and Full of Holes
There are stretches of time when we have very little – or no – knowledge of Shakespeare’s activities. Little record exists for years of his life at a time. For seven years after the birth of his twins, Shakespeare’s whereabouts are historically unknown. The same is true for the origins of many of his plays.
Shakespeare Was Also An Actor, He May Have Played Ophelia in Hamlet
Shakespeare wasn’t just a clever writer, but was also a skilled actor. He often acted in his own plays and sometimes those of others. In Shakespeare’s time, women weren’t allowed to be on the stage so men played all the roles, male or female. For all we know, Shakespeare may have played Ophelia in Hamlet!
Shakespeare Lived in London and Stratford
Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and died there after retiring from acting. As an actor and playwright, he spent most of his time in London, often commuting between two homes.
Shakespeare’s Cause of Death is Unknown
Shakespeare died soon after creating his will. His cause of death is unknown and he had seemed relatively healthy to his associates. William Shakespeare facts show the only written record that provides insight into the playwright’s demise suggests he died of a fever after drinking heavily. Shakespeare died at the age of 52 in 1616.
Shakespeare’s two daughters both married and had children. Of his four grandchildren, only one married. Shakespeare facts indicate none of his grandchildren had children, and thus his bloodline ended.
The lack of historical record for much of Shakespeare’s life leaves the timeline of his plays in question. His first plays are thought to have been Richard III and Henry VI, both historical plays. The Taming of the Shrew and The Comedy of Errors are also thought to be earlier works. It is believed he then penned his more famous comedies, such as Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. The next period of Shakespeare’s writing is believed to have encompassed his famous tragedies, including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, Lear, and Macbeth.
Shakespeare was a member of the player-owned Lady Chamberlain’s Men. His playing company became the most prominent in London. The group members were able to build their own theaters and often performed Shakespeare’s work. Later, the group became known as the King’s Men after receiving a royal patent from King James I in 1603.
Many of Shakespeare’s sonnets were written for his friends and presented to them as gifts. They went unpublished until 1609. Interpretation of his sonnets has varied, leading some scholars to think that Shakespeare was gay and others to believe that they did not represent real people.
While unable to perform in 1593 and 1594 because of outbreaks of the plague, Shakespeare penned two narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. William Shakespeare facts show these poems were quite popular and dealt with the moral effects of unchecked lust.
Things we say today invented by Shakespeare
English was a more fluid language during Shakespeare’s time and he made the most of it. Shakespeare invented over 1,700 words we still use today, including arouse, bet, grovel, gossip and bedroom. He also coined several phrases, including bated breath, all’s well that ends well, break the ice, and all that glitters is not gold. Shakespeare’s freedom with language still encourages writers today.
Shakespeare’s tale of Romeo and Juliet changed the way people thought about love stories. Before, no one had considered a love story as a good topic for a tragedy. Shakespeare expanded the ways in which people thought about characters, plots and language. Even with his poetry, Shakespeare learned the rules only to break them creatively.
According to William Shakespeare facts, the nature of his sonnets has led academics to question his sexuality. There has been no other proof in regards to Shakespeare’s sexual preferences. Many of his sonnets were gifts to friends and may have been written for them or as a representation of their feelings for someone else. Some were even about dalliances with married women.
Shakespeare died almost 400 years ago and yet his plays continue to be performed all over the world. His works have been translated into every major language. He has the distinction of being the most performed playwright.
Shakespeare’s tombstone carries a threat in its epithet. The small poem carved in stone warns that if anyone moves his bones, they will be cursed. When the church he was buried at was renovated, the workers took great care to leave his bones alone.
William Shakespeare Facts – Facts about William Shakespeare Summary
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The exact date of his birth is unknown, though it has been celebrated on April 23 since an 18th century scholar made a typo. He wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children. Shakespeare invented over 1,700 English words that are still in popular use today, and changed the way people thought about stories. His plays are the most performed in the world and have been translated to almost all the major languages.
Pablo Picasso Facts
Rosa Parks Facts
Selena Quintanilla Facts
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Falcongaze SecureTower once again named Best Software of the year by PC Magazine/RE
Falcongaze Company is pleased to announce that the DLP system SecureTower was for the third time awarded as Best Software of the year by PC Magazine/RE, one of the most influential editions in the field of information technologies in Eastern Europe. This year a new version of the SecureTower 5.0 system was introduced to refereeing of the magazine’s expert committee.
The award was preceded by hard work of the magazine technical committee which members are recognized professionals in this sphere, while the novelty of the product and the data obtained on the basis of detailed testing of the system were of paramount importance. In addition, the results of PC Magazine/RE (website and magazine) readers voting and the feedback received from users of the system were taken into consideration. The experts who carried out the evaluation of Falcongaze SecureTower noted the high level of user friendliness of the system, which is actually not often met among the products of DLP class. Apart from this, one more feature of the SecureTower system which won the praise of the edition was the dynamics of the product development.
"Our edition has been watching the way of Falcongaze Company project development for a long time. And I can say that it at least triggers interest. When the DLP system SecureTower was introduced for Best Soft nominations for the first time we noted the simplicity of its use which made it ideal for the companies related to the sector of small and medium sized enterprises. Today we can see a product that is able to cover most aspects of information security specialists’ work. Whether it's work on the preemption of threats in a company or the preparation of progress reports. It makes the SecureTower system ideal for use in the corporate sector with a large number of workstations where security department needs all the processes to be as much automated as possible. This software is able to cover most aspects of any company while requiring minimal attention from information security specialists", said Oleg Lebedev, editor-in-chief of PC Magazine/RE.
"The third award from such an influential edition like PC Magazine/RE is for us a kind of indicator which points out that our product is evolving in the right direction. I am sure that in future the SecureTower system will be honored the same favorable reviews from both the media and from our customers ", said Ksenia Repina, PR director of Falcongaze Company.
About PC Magazine/RE
PC Magazine/Russian Edition is monthly issued by the publishing house SK Press since 1991 under the license from Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. Today PC Magazine / RE is one of the leading specialized editions of the IT business. The magazine is aimed at professionals and advanced users (IT practitioners) seeking information about the current state and the prospects of development of hardware and software and technology to make informed decisions when buying.
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Displaying 901 - 925 of 1055 items.
Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Ocular Development
Maternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) can result in a range of alcohol-induced developmental defects. In humans, those collective birth defects are called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, with the most severe manifestation being Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). FAS is defined by pre- and post-natal growth retardation, minor facial abnormalities, and deficiencies in the central nervous system (CNS). The eye and ocular system development is particularly susceptible to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and can result in visual impairment or blindness.
Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680)
Jan Swammerdam, known as the founder of the preformation theory based on his extensive research on insect development, was born on 12 February 1637 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to Baertje Jans Corvers and Jan Jacobszoon Swammerdam. He began medical school on 11 October 1661 at the University of Leiden. A few of his classmates included Regnier de Graaf, Frederik Ruysch, Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno), and Robertus Padtbrugge. Padtbrugge would later join the East India Company and send Swammerdam exotic animals.
Gastrulation in Mus musculus (common house mouse)
As mice embryos develop, they undergo a stage of development called gastrulation. The hallmark of vertebrate gastrulation is the reorganization of the inner cell mass (ICM) into the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Mammalian embryogenesis occurs within organisms; therefore, gastrulation was originally described in species with easily observable embryos. For example, the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) is the most widely used organism to study gastrulation because the large embryos develop inside a translucent membrane.
Parasitic Twins
Parasitic twins, a specific type of conjoined twins, occurs when one twin ceases development during gestation and becomes vestigial to the fully formed dominant twin, called the autositic twin. The underdeveloped twin is called parasitic because it is only partially formed, is not functional, or is wholly dependent on the autositic twin.
Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Basal Ganglia Development
Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) in human and animal models results in a range of alcohol-induced developmental defects. In humans, those collective birth defects are called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, with the most severe manifestation being Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). FAS is defined by pre- and post-natal growth retardation, minor facial abnormalities, and deficiencies in the central nervous system (CNS). The basal ganglia, one of the central nervous system components, are affected by exposure to ethanol during development.
Facial Abnormalities of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defects of the central nervous system. The pattern of facial defects that occur as a result of ethanol exposure during development primarily affects the midline of the face, altering morphology of the eyes, nose, and lips.
The Gradient Theory
The gradient theory is recognized as Charles Manning Child's most significant scientific contribution. Gradients brought together Child's interest in development and his fascination with the origins of individuality and organization. The gradient theory grew from his studies of regeneration, which were largely based on work he conducted with marine invertebrates, such as the ascidian flat worm, planaria and the hydroid, tubularia.
Subject: Theories
Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876)
Best known for his contributions to the field of embryology, Karl Ernst von Baer also pursued a variety of other areas of study including medicine, botany, zoology, and anthropology. Committing his life to scientific research, von Baer's work led to the advancement of the understanding of mammalian reproduction, development, and organ functioning. His embryological discoveries ultimately led him to a view of development that supported epigenesis and refuted long-held thinking about preformation.
Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger (1829-1910)
Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger was a physiologist known for his research on respiration, the respiratory quotient, experimenting on the effects of electricity on muscles and nerves, and his study of the ovaries and egg development. His experiments on how the gravitational orientation of frog eggs affects their cleavage plane inspired embryologists such as Wilhelm Roux and Gustav Born to conduct their own experiments using frog eggs.
VACTERL Association
VACTERL association is a term applied to a specific group of abnormalities involving structures derived from the mesoderm. Although the defects of this disorder are clearly linked, VACTERL is called an association rather than a syndrome because the exact genetic cause is unknown. "VACTERL" is an acronym, each letter standing for one of the defects associated with the condition: V for vertebral anomalies, A for anal atresia, C for cardiovascular anomalies, T for tracheoesophageal fistula, E for esophageal atresia, R for renal anomalies, and L for limb defects.
Subject: Disorders
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are cells derived from non-pluripotent cells, such as adult somatic cells, that are genetically manipulated so as to return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Research on iPSCs, initiated by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and extended by James Thompson in 2007, has so far revealed the same properties as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), making their discovery potentially very beneficial for scientists and ethicists alike.
Subject: Technologies
Molecular Epigenetics and Development: Histone Conformations, DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting
Introduced by Conrad Hal Waddington in 1942, the concept of epigenetics gave scientists a new paradigm of thought concerning embryonic development, and since then has been widely applied, for instance to inheritable diseases, molecular technologies, and indeed the human genome as a whole. A genome contains an embedded intricate coding template that provides a means of genetic expression from the initial steps of embryonic development until the death of the organism. Within the genome there are two prominent components: coding (exons) and non-coding (introns) sequences.
"Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocytes" (1998), by James Thomson
After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his pioneering work in deriving embryonic stem cells from isolated embryos. That same year, Thomson published his first paper, "Isolation of a Primate Embryonic Stem Cell Line," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, detailing the first derivation of primate embryonic stem cells. In the following years, Thomson and his team of scientists - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor, Sander S. Shapiro, Michelle A.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Leonardo da Vinci was born on 15 April 1452, the illegitimate son of a young peasant girl by the name of Caterina and Ser Piero da Vinci, a well-renowned Florentine notary. Leonardo lived in Italy in the town of Vinci until his late teens and received a simple education in reading and writing as well as some training in mathematics and engineering. Although he was socially excluded by birthright from almost every profession and prohibited from attending any formal university, Leonardo went on to become a celebrated scientist, artist, and engineer.
Assisted Human Reproduction Canada (AHRC)
Established under the Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) Act of 2004, Assisted Human Reproduction Canada (AHRC), also known as the Assisted Human Reproduction Agency of Canada, was created in 2006 to oversee research related to reproductive technologies and to protect the reproductive rights and interests of Canadian citizens. AHRC serves as a regulatory body for the development and use of such research and technology while enforcing the guidelines and restrictions laid out by the AHR Act.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are a collection of different techniques designed to help those who are infertile achieve a successful pregnancy. The most popular technology currently in use is in vitro fertilization (IVF), but others include gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
The Mechanistic Conception of Life (1912), by Jacques Loeb
Jacques Loeb published The Mechanistic Conception of Life in 1912. Loeb's goal for the book was to further disseminate his explanations of organic processes, such as embryonic development and organisms orientations to their environments, which relied on physics and chemistry. Loeb also wanted to provide an alternative explanatory framework to vitalism and what he called romantic evolutionism, then both widespread.
Subject: Publications
The Organism as a Whole: From a Physicochemical Viewpoint (1916), by Jacques Loeb
Jacques Loeb published The Organism as a Whole: From a Physicochemical Viewpoint in 1916. Loeb's goal for the book was to refute the claim that physics and chemistry were powerless to completely explain whole organisms and their seemingly goal-oriented component processes. Loeb used his new account of science and scientific explanation, marshaling evidence from his embryological researches, to show that physicochemical biology completely and correctly explained whole organisms and their component processes.
"The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement" (1910), by Ross Granville Harrison
In "The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement," Ross Granville Harrison explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro. The purpose of this experiment was to test two possible hypotheses for the growth of nerve fibers. Santiago Ramón y Cajal suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. Victor Hensen's syncytial theory proposed an opposing view of nerve growth.
Nuclear Transplantation
Nuclear transplantation is a method in which the nucleus of a donor cell is relocated to a target cell that has had its nucleus removed (enucleated). Nuclear transplantation has allowed experimental embryologists to manipulate the development of an organism and to study the potential of the nucleus to direct development. Nuclear transplantation, as it was first called, was later referred to as somatic nuclear transfer or cloning.
Subject: Processes
Otto Mangold (1891-1962)
Otto Mangold was an early twentieth century embryologist who specialized in the development of amphibian embryos. A major emphasis of his research was refining the concept of the organizer, now referred to as embryonic induction. He was born on 4 November 1891 in Auenstein, Germany, and came from what Viktor Hamburger, a colleague and personal acquaintance, described as "peasant stock." Mangold attended several universities including Tübingen, Freiburg, and Rostock.
The Effects of Diethylstilbestrol on Embryonic Development
Estrogen plays a key role in the regulation of gene transcription. This is accomplished by its ability to act as a ligand and to bind to specific estrogen receptor (ER) molecules, such as ERα and ERβ, which act as nuclear transcription factors. There are three major nuclear estrogen receptor protein domains: the estrogen binding domain, the protein interaction domain, and the DNA binding domain.
Tay-Sachs Disease
In 1881 British opthalmologist Warren Tay made an unusual observation. He reported a cherry-red spot on the retina of a one-year-old patient, a patient who was also showing signs of progressive degeneration of the central nervous system as manifested in the child's physical and mental retardation. This cherry-red spot is a characteristic that would eventually come to be associated with metabolic neurological disorders like Sandhoff, GM-1, Niemann-Pick, and, to the credit of Tay, the lysosomal storage disorder known as Tay-Sachs disease.
Tissue engineering is a field of regenerative medicine that integrates the knowledge of scientists, physicians, and engineers into the construction or reconstruction of human tissue. Practitioners of tissue engineering seek to repair, replace, maintain, and enhance the abilities of a specific tissue or organ by means of living cells. More often than not stem cells are the form of living cells used in this technology. Tissue engineering is one of the disciplines involved in translating knowledge of developmental biology into the clinical setting.
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Displaying 1 - 25 of 122 items.
"The Development of the Turtle Carapace" (1989), by Ann Campbell Burke
Ann Campbell Burke examines the development and evolution of vertebrates, in particular, turtles. Her Harvard University experiments, described in Development of the Turtle Carapace: Implications for the Evolution of a Novel Bauplan, were published in 1989. Burke used molecular techniques to investigate the developmental mechanisms responsible for the formation of the turtle shell.
Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak's Telomere and Telomerase Experiments (1982-1989)
Experiments conducted by Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak from 1982 to 1989 provided theories of how the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, and the enzyme that repairs telomeres, called telomerase, worked. The experiments took place at the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute and at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and at the University of California in Berkeley, California. For their research on telomeres and telomerase, Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.
David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel’s Research on Optical Development in Kittens
During 1964, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel studied the short and long term effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye. In their experiments, Wiesel and Hubel used kittens as models for human children. Hubel and Wiesel researched whether the impairment of vision in one eye could be repaired or not and whether such impairments would impact vision later on in life. The researchers sewed one eye of a kitten shut for varying periods of time.
Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones (1947), by Carl R. Moore
In 1947, Carl Richard Moore, a researcher at the University of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois, wrote Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones, which was published in the same year as a first-edition monograph. In the book, Moore argues that regulation of sex differentiation in mammals is not controlled by sex hormones secreted by embryonic sex organs (gonads), but is controlled by non-hormonal genetic factors.
Subject: Publications, Experiments
"Programmed Cell Death-II. Endocrine Potentiation of the Breakdown of the Intersegmental Muscles of Silkmoths" (1964), by Richard A. Lockshin and Carroll M. Williams
Richard A. Lockshin's 1963 PhD dissertation on cell death in insect metamorphosis was conducted under the supervision of Harvard insect physiologist Carroll M. Williams. Lockshin and Williams used this doctoral research as the basis for five articles, with the main title "Programmed Cell Death," that were published between 1964 and 1965 in the Journal of Insect Physiology. These articles examine the cytological processes, neuronal and endocrinal controls, and the influence of drugs on the mechanism of cell death observed in pupal muscle structures of the American silkmoth.
Hermann Joseph Muller's Study of X-rays as a Mutagen, (1926-1927)
Hermann Joseph Muller conducted three experiments in 1926 and 1927 that demonstrated that exposure to x-rays, a form of high-energy radiation, can cause genetic mutations, changes to an organism's genome, particularly in egg and sperm cells. In his experiments, Muller exposed fruit flies (Drosophila) to x-rays, mated the flies, and observed the number of mutations in the offspring. In 1927, Muller described the results of his experiments in "Artificial Transmutation of the Gene" and "The Problem of Genic Modification".
Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of Fertilization of Human Oocytes Matured in vitro, 1965 to 1969
Robert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to treat infertility in 1960. After successfully overcoming the problem of making mammalian oocytes mature in vitro in 1965, Edwards began to experiment with fertilizing matured eggs in vitro. Collaborating with other researchers, Edwards eventually fertilized a human egg in vitro in 1969. This was a huge step towards establishing human IVF as a viable fertility treatment.
Subject: Experiments, Reproduction
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Experiments by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and 2007
In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. Each worked at Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan. They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation.
Frank Rattray Lillie's Study of Freemartins (1914-1920)
Frank Rattray Lillie's research on freemartins from 1914 to 1920 in the US led to the theory that hormones partly caused for sex differentiation in mammals. Although sometimes applied to sheep, goats, and pigs, the term freemartin most often refers to a sterile cow that has external female genitalia and internal male gonads and was born with a normal male twin.
Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier’s Experiment About the CRISPR/cas 9 System’s Role in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity (2012)
In 2012, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier from the University of California, Berkeley, in Berkeley, California, and Umeå University in Umeå, Sweden, along with their colleagues discovered how bacteria use the CRISPR/cas 9 system to protect themselves from viruses. The researchers also proposed the idea of using the CRISPR/cas 9 system as a genome editing tool.
"Further Experiments on Artificial Parthenogenesis and the Nature of the Process of Fertilization" (1900), by Jacques Loeb
Jacques Loeb broadened and corrected his earlier claims concerning artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins in a series of experiments in 1900. He published these findings, "Further Experiments on Artificial Parthenogenesis and the Nature of The Process of Fertilization," in a 1900 issue of The American Journal of Physiology.
"On the Induction of Embryonic Primordia by Implantation of Organizers from Different Species" (1924), Hilde Mangold's Dissertation
Hilde Proscholdt Mangold was a doctoral student at the Zoological Institute at the University of Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany, from 1920-1923. Mangold conducted research for her dissertation 'On the Induction of Embryonic Primordia by Implantation of Organizers from Different Species' ('Ueber Induktion von Embryonanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren'), under the guidance of Hans Spemann, a professor of zoology at the University of Freiburg.
"Experiments on Artificial Parthenogenesis in Annelids (Chaetopterus) and the Nature of the Process of Fertilization" (1901), by Jacques Loeb
Jacques Loeb showed that scientists could achieve artificial parthenogenesis with some types of annelid worm eggs through a series of experiments in 1900. Loeb published the results of his experiments in 1901 as "Experiments on Artificial Parthenogenesis in Annelids (Chaetopterus) and the Nature of the Process of Fertilization," in The American Journal of Physiology. Loeb 's results broadened the range of animals to which artificial parthenogenesis applied beyond sea urchins.
Experimental Studies on Germinal Localization (1904), by Edmund B. Wilson
At the turn of the twentieth century, Edmund B. Wilson
performed experiments to show where germinal
matter was located in molluscs. At Columbia University in New York City,
New York, Wilson studied what causes cells to differentiate during
development. In 1904 he conducted his experiments on molluscs, and he modified the
theory about the location of germinal matter in the succeeding years. Wilson and others modified the
theory of germinal localization to accommodate results that showed
Experiments on the Reproductive Costs of a Pure Capital Breeder, the Children’s Python (Antaresia childreni) (2013), by Olivier Lourdais, Sophie Lorioux, and Dale F. DeNardo
In 2013, Olivier Lourdais, Sophie Lorioux, and Dale DeNardo conducted a study on the impact of the reproductive effort on the muscle size and the constriction strength of female Children’s pythons. Children’s pythons are pure capital breeders, meaning that they do not eat during vitellogenesis, a process in which egg-laying or oviparous species allocate bodily resources including fat, water, and protein to follicles in the ovary that develop into eggs.
"On the Nature of the Process of Fertilization and the Artificial Production of Normal Larvae (Plutei) From the Unfertilized Eggs of the Sea Urchin" (1899), by Jacques Loeb
Jacques Loeb developed procedures to make embryos from unfertilized sea urchin eggs in 1899. Loeb called the procedures "artificial parthenogenesis," and he introduced them and his results in "On the Nature of the Process of Fertilization and the Artificial Production of Norma Larvae (Plutei) from the Unfertilized Eggs of the Sea Urchin" in an 1899 issue of The American Journal of Physiology. In 1900 Loeb elaborated on his experiments.
Julia Barlow Platt's Embryological Observations on Salamanders' Cartilage (1893)
In 1893, Julia Barlow Platt published her research on the origins of cartilage in the developing head of the common mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) embryo. The mudpuppy is an aquatic salamander commonly used by embryologists because its large embryonic cells and nuclei are easy to see. Platt followed the paths of cells in developing mudpuppy embryos to see how embryonic cells migrated during the formation of the head. With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells.
Subject: Experiments, Theories, Processes
The China-US Study on the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects using Folic Acid (1999)
From 1993 to 1995 researchers led by Robert J. Berry from the US Centers for Disease Control headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and Zhu Li from Beijing Medical University in Beijing, China, conducted a collaborative study in China on the prevention of neural tube defects or NTDs using folic acid supplements. NTDs are birth defects in which openings in the spinal cord or the brain that occur during early development remain after birth. Neural-tube formation occurs in early pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant and therefore before she has begun taking prenatal vitamins.
"The Potency of the First Two Cleavage Cells in Echinoderm Development. Experimental Production of Partial and Double Formations" (1891-1892), by Hans Driesch
Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch was a late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century philosopher and developmental biologist. In the spring of 1891 Driesch performed experiments using two-celled sea urchin embryos, the results of which challenged the then-accepted understanding of embryo development. Driesch showed that the cells of an early embryo, when separated, could each continue to develop into normal larval forms.
The Hershey-Chase Experiments (1952), by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
In 1951 and 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted a series of experiments at the Carnegie Institute of Washington in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, that verified genes were made of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Hershey and Chase performed their experiments, later named the Hershey-Chase experiments, on viruses that infect bacteria, also called bacteriophages. The experiments followed decades of scientists’ skepticism about whether genetic material was composed of protein or DNA.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of in vitro Mammalian Oocyte Maturation, 1960 to 1965
In a series of experiments between 1960 and 1965, Robert Geoffrey Edwards discovered how to make mammalian egg cells, or oocytes, mature outside of a female's body. Edwards, working at several research institutions in the UK during this period, studied in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods. He measured the conditions and timings for in vitro (out of the body) maturation of oocytes from diverse mammals including mice, rats, hamsters, pigs, cows, sheep, and rhesus monkeys, as well as humans.
“A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X Chromosome and Male Sexual Orientation” (1993), by Dean H. Hamer and Charles A. Thomas.
In 1993, Dean H. Hamer and colleagues in the US published results from their research that indicated that men with speicifc genes were more likely to be homosexual than were men without those genes. The study hypothesized that some X chromosomes contain a gene, Xq28, that increases the likelihood of an individual to be homosexual. Prior to those results, researchers had argued that the cause of homosexuality was environmental and that homosexuality could be altered or reversed. Hamer’s research suggested a possible genetic cause of homosexuality.
Using Digital PCR to Detect Fetal Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Maternal Blood (2007)
In 2007, Dennis Lo and his colleagues used digital polymerase chain reaction or PCR to detect trisomy 21 in maternal blood, validating the method as a means to detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidies, or an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. The team conducted their research at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and at the Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts.
The Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1957–1958), by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
In an experiment later named for them, Matthew Stanley Meselson and Franklin William Stahl in the US demonstrated during the 1950s the semi-conservative replication of DNA, such that each daughter DNA molecule contains one new daughter subunit and one subunit conserved from the parental DNA molecule. The researchers conducted the experiment at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California, from October 1957 to January 1958.
Christian Peeters and Bert Hölldobler's Experiments on Reproduction in Indian Jumping Ants (1991–1994)
Between 1991 and 1994, Christian Peeters and Bert Hölldobler studied the reproductive behaviors of the Indian jumping ant (Harpegnathos saltator), a species native to southern India. They conducted experiments as part of a larger investigation into conflict and reproductive behavior among ants. Peeters and Hölldobler discovered that Indian jumping ant colonies contained both sexually reproductive workers and egg-laying queens. In most other species of ant, the queens are the only sexually reproductive individuals.
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Displaying 26 - 50 of 90 items.
Father Frank Pavone (1959- )
Father Frank Pavone, a key proponent of the Roman Catholic Church's pro-life movement, has devoted his life's work to ending abortion, euthanasia, embryonic stem cell research, and other techniques and procedures that he believes threaten human life from conception to death. His contributions to the pro-life movement include founding a new religious order called the Missionaries of the Gospel of Life and participating in high-profile protests and television interviews for the pro-life cause.
Subject: People, Religion, Reproduction
Min Chueh Chang (1908-1991)
As one of the researchers involved in the development of the oral contraceptive pill, Min Chueh Chang helped to revolutionize the birth control movement. Although best known for his involvement with "the pill," Chang also made a number of discoveries throughout his scientific career involving a range of topics within the field of reproductive biology. He published nearly 350 articles in scientific journals.
Subject: People, Reproduction
Leon Chesley (1908-2000)
Leon Chesley studied hypertension, or high blood pressure, in pregnant women during the mid-twentieth century. Chesley studied preeclampsia and eclampsia, two hypertensive disorders found in approximately five percent of all US pregnancies. In New Jersey and New York, Chesley devoted over forty years to researching preeclampsia and eclampsia. Chesley conducted several long-term studies using the same group of women beginning from their pregnancies.
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
The landmark Supreme Court case, Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), gave women more control over their reproductive rights while also bringing reproductive and birth control issues into the public realm and more importantly, into the courts. Bringing these issues into the public eye allowed additional questions about the reproductive rights of women, such as access to abortion, to be asked. This court case laid the groundwork for later cases such as Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) and Roe v. Wade (1973).
Subject: Legal, Reproduction
Elinor Catherine Hamlin (1924- )
Elinor Catherine Hamlin founded and helped fund centers in Ethiopia to treat women affected by fistulas from obstetric complications. Obstetric fistulas develop in women who experience prolonged labor, as the pressure placed on the pelvis by the fetus during labor causes a hole, or fistula, to form between the vagina and the bladder (vesicovaginal fistula) or between the vagina and the rectum (rectovaginal fistula). Both of those conditions result in urinary or fecal incontinence, which often impacts womenÍs social status within their communities.
The Infant Incubator in Europe (1860-1890)
In the nineteenth century, obstetricians in Europe began to construct devices to incubate infants in increasingly controlled environments. The infant incubator is a medical device that maintains stable conditions and a germ free environment for premature infants born before the thirty-seventh week of pregnancy. Records show that physicians had used infant incubators since 1835. However, Jean-Louis-Paul Denuce, a physician who worked in Bordeaux, France, first published about incubator technology in 1857.
Charles Benedict Davenport (1866-1944)
Charles Benedict Davenport was an early twentieth-century experimental zoologist. Davenport founded both the Station for Experimental Evolution and the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. Though he was a talented statistician and skilled scientist, Davenport's scientific achievements are eclipsed by his lasting legacy as the scientific leader of the eugenics movement in the US.
Title X Family Planning Program (1970–1977)
The Family Planning Services and Public Research Act of 1970, often called Title X Family Planning Program, is a US federal law that provides federal funding for family planning services to low income or uninsured families. The US federal government passed the law, Public Law 91-572, in 1970 as an amendment to the Public Health Services Act of 1944. The Act created the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) under the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (here called the Secretary).
Subject: Reproduction, Legal
Zhang Lizhu (1921- )
Zhang Lizhu is a Chinese gynecologist and researcher. For most of her career, she worked in the Peking Medical College Third Hospital, renamed in 2000, Peking University Third Hospital. There, she led a team of researchers and physicians in the study of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) technology. Zhang and her colleagues contributed to the birth of the first test-tube baby in Mainland China in 1988.
Genetics and IVF Institute, GIVF
In 1984, human genetics and reproduction researcher and physician Joseph D. Schulman founded the Genetics and IVF Institute, an international organization that provides infertility treatment and genetic services to patients. IVF stands for in vitro fertilization, an infertility treatment in which a female egg is fertilized by male sperm outside of the female body. GIVF is headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia, in association with Inova Health System, formerly called the Fairfax Hospital Association, one of the largest regional hospital systems in the United States.
Intrauterine insemination (IUI), also known as artificial insemination, is one of the earliest and simplest assisted reproductive technologies (ART). With this technique, sperm from either a partner or donor (such as from a sperm bank) is inserted with a syringe into the woman's vagina during ovulation to increase the probability that fertilization will occur and lead to pregnancy.
Katharine McCormick (1876-1967)
Katharine Dexter McCormick, who contributed the majority of funding for the development of the oral contraceptive pill, was born to Josephine and Wirt Dexter on 27 August 1875 in Dexter, Michigan. After growing up in Chicago, Illinois, she attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she graduated in 1904 with a BS in biology. That same year, she married Stanley McCormick, the son of Cyrus McCormick, inventor and manufacturer of the mechanized reaper.
Subject: People, Ethics, Reproduction
Buck v. Bell (1927)
In 1927, the US Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell set the legal precedent that states may sterilize inmates of public institutions because the court argued that imbecility, epilepsy, and feeblemindedness are hereditary, and that the inmates should be prevented from passing these defects to the next generation. On 2 May 1927, in an eight to one decision, the US Supreme Court ordered that Carrie Buck, feebleminded daughter of a feebleminded mother and herself the mother of a feebleminded child, be sterilized under the 1924 Virginia Eugenical Sterilization Act. Buck v.
Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound (1873-1906)
First marketed in the US 1875, Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound was an herbal medicine used by women to relieve menstrual discomfort and menopausal symptoms in women. The herbal compound was invented by Lydia Estes Pinkham in 1873 in her home kitchen in Lynn, Massachusetts. Pinkham created the compound by mixing alcohol with roots and herbs. The compound was patented, packaged, and distributed by the Mrs. Lydia Pinkham Medicine Company in 1876. The Mrs.
The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1910-1939)
From its founding in 1910 until it closed its doors in 1939, the Eugenics Record Office (ERO) at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York was the center of the American Eugenics Movement. Charles Davenport, a geneticist and biologist, founded the ERO, and served as its director until 1934. Under the direction of Davenport and his associate, superintendant Harry H. Laughlin, the influence of the ERO on science and public policy waxed during the early twentieth century until after World War II.
Pope Pius IX (1792-1878)
Pope Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, marked his contribution to the abortion debate by removing the distinction between an "animated" and "unanimated" fetus from Catholic doctrine, and established the edict that a human should be protected starting from the moment of conception onward. This proclamation made abortion at any time of gestation punishable by excommunication. Pope Pius IX's decision became Canon Law of the Catholic Church.
Abortion is the removal of the embryo or fetus from the womb, before birth can occur-either naturally or by induced labor. Prenatal development occurs in three stages: the zygote, or fertilized egg; the embryo, from post-conception to eight weeks; and the fetus, from eight weeks after conception until the baby is born. After abortion, the infant does not and cannot live. Spontaneous abortion is the loss of the infant naturally or accidentally, without the will of the mother. It is more commonly referred to as miscarriage.
Subject: Processes, Ethics, Reproduction
Leon Richard Kass (1939- )
A PhD and medical doctor turned ethicist, Leon Kass calls himself an unlicensed humanist. Throughout his unique career he has sought to impact others and engage important cultural issues. This he has accomplished over the course of many years by studying biochemistry, teaching humanities, writing articles and books on ethics, and serving as chair of the President's Council on Bioethics.
Gonzales v. Carhart (2007)
In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the US Supreme Court held in a five-to-four decision that the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act passed by the US Congress was constitutional. Although the Court previously ruled in Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) that a Nebraska law that prohibited partial-birth abortions was unconstitutional, Gonzales reversed this decision. Gonzales created the precedent that anyone who delivers and kills a living fetus could be subject to legal consequences, unless he or she performed the procedure to save the life of the mother.
Pope Gregory XIV (1535-1591)
Pope Gregory XIV, born Nicolo Sfondrati, reversed the bull of Pope Sixtus V, Effraenatum, under which an abortion at any time of gestation can be punished by excommunication. He supported the Aristotelian distinction between an "animated" and "unanimated" fetus, making abortion of an unanimated fetus punishable by lesser means. This decision contributed to the historical debates within the Roman Catholic Church on when a fetus has a soul, and when abortion was punishable by excommunication.
Conjoined Twins
Conjoined twins are twins whose bodies are anatomically joined in utero. The degree to which the twins are attached can range from simple, involving skin and cartilage, to complex, including fusion of the skull(s), brain(s), or other vital organs. There are more than a dozen classifications of conjoined twins but what they all tend to have in common is the sharing of the chorion, placenta, and amniotic sac.
Free Hospital for Women Scrapbook by Harvard University Library
This scrapbook is part of the Harvard University Library's collection on "Working Women, 1800-1930," which is itself part of the Open Collections Program. The print version is located at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine. It contains information about the hospital, including articles from newspapers, magazines, and other publications; photographs of the hospital, employees, and special events; lecture announcements; letters and other forms of correspondence; ration cards; tickets; forms; certificates; posters; programs; and playbills.
Subject: Organizations, Ethics, Reproduction
"Declaration on Procured Abortion" (1974), by the Vatican
As various societies around the world began legalizing abortive procedures or liberalizing government stances on abortion, the Roman Catholic Church's leaders felt the need to respond to these changes by clarifying the Church's position on procured abortion. One incident in particular that may have inspired the "Declaration on Procured Abortion" is the landmark case in the United States Supreme Court in 1973: Roe v. Wade.
Subject: Religion, Reproduction
Pope Pius XI (1857-1939)
Pope Pius XI, born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was born to the wealthy owner of a silk factory on 31 May 1857 in Desio, Italy. He was ordained to the priesthood at the age of eighteen, at which time he began a long life devoted to study, peacekeeping, and the betterment of societies around the world. Pius XI is noted here for his contribution to the Roman Catholic Church's early twentieth century approach to issues regarding contraception and abortion, which was presented in his December 1930 encyclical "Casti Connubii."
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2016 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 2016 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan during the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wolverines played in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Michigan was led by head coach Jim Harbaugh, who was in his second season.
2016 Michigan Wolverines football
Orange Bowl, L 32–33 vs. Florida State
Big Ten Conference
2016 record
10–3 (7–2 Big Ten)
Jim Harbaugh (2nd season)
Tim Drevno (2nd season)
Offensive scheme
Pro-style
Defensive coordinator
Don Brown (1st season)
Base defense
Jake Butt (Senior year)
Chris Wormley (Senior year)
Home stadium
(Capacity: 107,601)
2016 Big Ten football standings
No. 7 Penn State xy$ 8 – 1 11 – 3
No. 6 Ohio State x^ 8 – 1 11 – 2
No. 10 Michigan 7 – 2 10 – 3
Indiana 4 – 5 6 – 7
Maryland 3 – 6 6 – 7
Michigan State 1 – 8 3 – 9
Rutgers 0 – 9 2 – 10
No. 9 Wisconsin xy 7 – 2 11 – 3
Iowa 6 – 3 8 – 5
Nebraska 6 – 3 9 – 4
Minnesota 5 – 4 9 – 4
Northwestern 5 – 4 7 – 6
Illinois 2 – 7 3 – 9
Purdue 1 – 8 3 – 9
Championship: Penn State 38, Wisconsin 31
^ – College Football Playoff participant
$ – Conference champion
x – Division champion/co-champions
y – Championship game participant
Rankings from AP Poll
Coming off the team's first 10-win season in four years in Jim Harbaugh's first season as head coach in 2015, Michigan began the year with high expectations, being ranked seventh in the preseason AP Poll. They won their three non-conference games and conference opener against Penn State in dominant fashion. The following week, they defeated then-No. 8 Wisconsin, the school's first victory over a top-10 team since 2008. Michigan continued to win, rising to number two in the College Football Playoff rankings at 9–0 before falling on the road to Iowa on a last-second field goal. Two weeks later, Michigan traveled to Columbus, Ohio to face arch-rival Ohio State with an opportunity to claim a spot in the 2016 Big Ten Football Championship Game with a win. The Wolverines lost in double overtime, 27–30, ending the regular season in third in the Eastern Division behind Ohio State and Penn State. Michigan received an invitation to the 2016 Orange Bowl, where they lost to Florida State, 32–33 to end the year at 10–3.
The team was led by unanimous first-team All-American linebacker Jabrill Peppers, who was the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year and a finalist for the Heisman Trophy, finishing in fifth. Cornerback Jourdan Lewis was also a consensus first-team All-American, as was tight end Jake Butt, who was the recipient of the John Mackey Award as the nation's top tight end. Quarterback Wilton Speight led the team in passing, finishing with 2,538 yards and 18 touchdowns on the year.
PreseasonEdit
In 2015, Michigan compiled a 10–3 record (6–2 in conference play) during the regular season and played the Florida Gators in the Citrus Bowl, where Michigan defeated the Gators 41–7. This was Michigan's best record since the 2011 season, which saw Michigan finish with an 11–2 record and a Sugar Bowl victory over Virginia Tech.
Michigan suffered staff attrition when defensive coordinator D. J. Durkin left the program to become the head coach at Maryland.[1] On December 21, 2015, Michigan officially announced the hiring of Don Brown as defensive coordinator.[2] On January 7, 2016, it was officially announced that John Baxter would be leaving Michigan to become the Special Teams coach at USC.[3] In response to both the Baxter and Durkin departures—Durkin had also coached linebackers for Michigan in addition to his position as defensive coordinator—Michigan promoted their recruiting coordinator Chris Partridge to Special Teams and Linebackers coach.[4] On February 18, 2016, Greg Jackson left Michigan to become the defensive backs coach of the Dallas Cowboys. He was replaced by Brian Smith, who most recently served as an assistant linebackers coach with the Philadelphia Eagles under Chip Kelly.[5]
Michigan Wolverines logo and the jumpman logo at the Nike, Inc. flagship store on the Magnificent Mile during the week before the opening game
The team conducted four of its spring practices at the IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida between February 29 and March 4, 2016, which coincided with the University's annual spring break. The final practice was held as an open practice for fans and recruits,[6] and saw an attendance of over 5,000 people. The practices were considered controversial, as coaches from the SEC and ACC protested what they believed to be an attempt to gain an upper hand in recruiting prospective athletes; however, at the time, no NCAA rules stated that the practices would not be allowed to take place.[7] Michigan also conducted several satellite camps—football camps meant to expose prospective student athletes to colleges who might otherwise not find and recruit them due to distance or other factors—in 22 states, Australia, and American Samoa following the NCAA's reversal of a ban enacted only months prior.[8]
Although agreed to many months earlier,[9][10] in April, the University announced it had signed an 11-year, $127.12 million contract with Nike, Inc. on March 16 that would go into effect on August 1, 2016 for 31 Michigan Wolverines sports teams to switch from wearing Adidas apparel to Nike.[11] The Wolverines became the first football program to wear the jumpman logo and every piece of football apparel donned by the team that is visible is Jordan Brand attire.[12][13] Michigan unveiled its new uniforms and gear during a ceremony at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant on August 2. Michigan alumna Dana Jacobson hosted the event, while former Wolverine great Charles Woodson was also in attendance.[14]
RecruitingEdit
Position keyEdit
Back B Center C Cornerback CB Defensive back DB
Defensive end DE Defensive lineman DL Defensive tackle DT End E
Fullback FB Guard G Halfback HB Kicker K
Kickoff returner KR Offensive tackle OT Offensive lineman OL Linebacker LB
Long snapper LS Punter P Punt returner PR Quarterback QB
Running back RB Safety S Tight end TE Wide receiver WR
RecruitsEdit
Michigan's recruiting class consisted of 28 recruits, including seven that enrolled early. Michigan's recruiting class was ranked No. 6 by Scout, No. 4 by Rivals, and No. 6 by ESPN.[15][16][17] The highlight of the class was the consensus number one recruit in the country, Rashan Gary.[18][19]
US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes
High school / college
40‡
Commit date
Devin Asiasi
TE Concord, California De La Salle H.S. 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 272 lb (123 kg) 5.08 Feb 3, 2016
Recruiting star ratings: Scout:
Rivals:
247Sports:
ESPN:
Ben Bredeson
OL Hartland, Wisconsin Arrowhead H.S. 6 ft 4.5 in (1.94 m) 293 lb (133 kg) 5.31 Jun 17, 2015
Devin Bush Jr.
LB Pembroke Pines, Florida Flanagan H.S. 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) 224 lb (102 kg) 4.7 Dec 16, 2015
Dylan Crawford
WR Rancho Santa Margarita, California Santa Margarita Catholic H.S. 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 175 lb (79 kg) 4.62 Jan 9, 2016
Kingston Davis
RB Prattville, Alabama Prattville H.S. 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 242 lb (110 kg) 4.79 Apr 6, 2015
Michael Dwumfour
DT Wayne, New Jersey Depaul Catholic H.S. 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 282 lb (128 kg) 4.89 Jan 25, 2016
Nick Eubanks
TE Plantation, Florida American Heritage H.S. 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 215 lb (98 kg) 4.69 Feb 3, 2016
ATH Indianapolis, Indiana Ben Davis H.S. 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) 181 lb (82 kg) 4.4 Jun 6, 2015
Rashan Gary
DT Paramus, New Jersey Paramus Catholic H.S. 6 ft 4.5 in (1.94 m) 290 lb (130 kg) 4.86 Feb 3, 2016
Devin Gil
DB Pembroke Pines, Florida Flanagan H.S. 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 204 lb (93 kg) 4.72 Jun 19, 2015
Brad Hawkins Jr.
WR Camden, New Jersey Camden H.S. 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 195 lb (88 kg) 4.82 Jul 3, 2015
Lavert Hill
CB Detroit, Michigan MLK H.S. 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) 176 lb (80 kg) 4.41 Feb 3, 2016
Khaleke Hudson
ATH McKeesport, Pennsylvania McKeesport H.S. 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) 195 lb (88 kg) 4.81 Jan 27, 2016
Nate Johnson
WR Thompson's Station, Tennessee Independence H.S. 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) 174 lb (79 kg) 4.5 Dec 12, 2015
DE Camden, New Jersey Camden H.S. 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 221 lb (100 kg) 4.60 Jun 25, 2015
Carlo Kemp
DE Boulder, Colorado Fairview H.S. 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 250 lb (110 kg) 4.80 Nov 8, 2015
CB Los Angeles, California Loyola H.S. 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 170 lb (77 kg) 4.40 Jan 21, 2016
Elysee Mbem-Bosse
LB Ellenwood, Georgia Cedar Grove H.S. 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 228 lb (103 kg) 4.61 Jan 24, 2016
Eddie McDoom
WR Winter Garden, Florida Atlantic H.S. 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 170 lb (77 kg) 4.65 Jan 27, 2016
Sean McKeon
TE Dudley, Massachusetts Shepherd Hill H.S. 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 230 lb (100 kg) 4.52 Jun 15, 2015
Josh Metellus
DB Pembroke Pines, Florida Flanagan H.S. 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 187 lb (85 kg) – Jun 17, 2015
Ahmir Mitchell
WR Wayne, New Jersey DePaul Catholic H.S. 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 195 lb (88 kg) 4.67 Aug 27, 2015
Quinn Nordin
K Rockford, Michigan Rockford H.S. 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 205 lb (93 kg) – Feb 3, 2016
Michael Onwenu
OL Detroit, Michigan Cass Tech H.S. 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 367 lb (166 kg) 5.52 Jun 2, 2015
QB Avon, Indiana Avon H.S. 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 209 lb (95 kg) 4.85 Apr 4, 2015
Stephen Spanellis
OL Baltimore, Maryland Gilman School 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 290 lb (130 kg) 5.80 Jan 21, 2016
Joshua Uche
DE Miami, FL Columbus H.S. 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 217 lb (98 kg) 4.60 Jan 24, 2016
Kareem Walker
RB Wayne, New Jersey DePaul Catholic H.S. 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 210 lb (95 kg) 4.50 Dec 17, 2015
Overall recruiting rankings: Scout: 6 Rivals: 4 247Sports: 5 ESPN: 6
‡ Refers to 40 yard dash
Note: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height, weight and 40 time.
In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.
"Michigan Football Commitments". Rivals.com. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
"2016 Michigan Football Commits". Scout.com. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
"ESPN". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
"2016 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
ScheduleEdit
September 3 12:00 p.m. Hawaii* No. 7
ESPN W 63–3 110,222[20]
September 10 12:00 p.m. UCF* No. 5
ABC W 51–14 109,295[21]
September 17 3:30 p.m. Colorado* No. 4
BTN W 45–28 110,042[22]
September 24 3:30 p.m. Penn State No. 4
October 1 3:30 p.m. No. 8 Wisconsin No. 4
ABC W 14–7 111,846[24]
October 8 7:00 p.m. at Rutgers No. 4
ESPN2 W 78–0 53,292[25]
October 22 3:30 p.m. Illinois
Ann Arbor, MI (Series)
BTN W 41–8 111,103[26]
October 29 12:00 p.m. at Michigan State No. 2
Spartan Stadium
East Lansing, MI (Paul Bunyan Trophy)
ESPN W 32–23 75,802[27]
November 5 3:30 p.m. Maryland No. 2
November 12 8:00 p.m. at Iowa No. 2
ABC L 13–14 70,585[29]
November 19 3:30 p.m. Indiana No. 4
ESPN W 20–10 110,288[30]
November 26 12:00 p.m. at No. 2 Ohio State No. 3
Columbus, Ohio (The Game) (College GameDay)
ABC L 27–30 2OT 110,045[31]
December 30 8:00 p.m. vs. No. 10 Florida State* No. 6
Miami Gardens, Florida (Orange Bowl)
ESPN L 32–33 67,432[32]
*Non-conference game
Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game
All times are in Eastern time
RankingsEdit
Further information: 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings
Entering the season, Michigan was ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll and No. 8 in the Coaches' Poll.[33] Following its opening victory over Hawaii, Michigan rose to No. 5 in the AP Poll and No. 6 in the Coaches' Poll,[34] and then rose to No. 4 in the AP Poll and No. 5 in the Coaches' Poll following its victory over UCF.[35] Michigan held serve in the polls following its victories over Colorado[36] and Penn State.[37] Michigan rose to No. 4 in the Coaches' Poll following its victory over Wisconsin,[38] and remained at No. 4 in both polls following its win over Rutgers.[39] Michigan rose to No. 3 in the AP Poll during its bye week.[40] Michigan rose to No. 2 in both polls following its victory over Michigan State and was ranked No. 3 in the season's first edition of the College Football Playoff (CFP) rankings.[41] Following its loss to Iowa, Michigan fell to No. 4 in both polls, but remained at No. 3 in the CFP rankings.[42] Michigan rose to No. 3 in the AP Poll following its victory over Indiana, and remained at No. 4 in the Coaches' Poll, and No. 3 in the CFP rankings.[43]
Ranking movements
Legend: ██ Increase in ranking. ██ Decrease in ranking.
NR = Not ranked. RV = Received votes. ( ) = First place votes.
7 (1) 5 (1) 4 (1) 4 (1) 4 (1) 4 (1) 4 (1) 3 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 2 (1) 4 3 5 6 10
8 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 2 3 4 4 6 6 10
Not released 3 3 3 3 5 6 Not released
Radio coverage for all games was broadcast statewide on The Michigan IMG Sports Network and on Sirius XM Satellite Radio. The radio announcers are Jim Brandstatter with play-by-play, Dan Dierdorf with color commentary, and Doug Karsch with sideline reports.[44]
Game summariesEdit
vs. HawaiiEdit
See also: 2016 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team
Hawaii at Michigan
Rainbow Warriors 0 0 0 3 3
• #7 Wolverines 14 21 21 7 63
Date: September 3
Location: Michigan Stadium
Game start: 12:01 PM EDT
Elapsed time: 3:17
Game attendance: 110,222
Game weather: Mid 70s, Sunny and clear, W 10–15 MPH
Referee: Jerry McGinn
TV announcers (ESPN): Mike Patrick, Ed Cunningham & Jerry Punch
1 7:29 MICH Grant Perry 12-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
1 1:25 MICH Jake Butt 19-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 14–0
2 11:21 MICH Amara Darboh 5-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 21–0
2 10:36 MICH Delano Hill 27-yard interception return (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 28–0
2 6:07 MICH Chris Evans 18-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 35–0
3 13:44 MICH Chris Evans 43-yard run (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 42–0
3 10:51 MICH Channing Stribling 51-yard interception return (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 49–0
3 :18 MICH Khalid Hill 4-yard run (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 56–0
4 12:30 UH Rigoberto Sanchez 55-yard field goal MICH 56–3
4 7:15 MICH Karan Higdon 5-yard run (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 63–3
Previous Meeting
Previous Winner
2–0 November 28, 1998 Michigan, 48–17
To begin the season, Michigan hosted the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors. This was the first meeting between the teams since 1998, which saw Michigan defeat Hawaii 48–17.[46]
Michigan won in a blowout, 63–3.[47] Michigan opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 12-yard touchdown pass from Wilton Speight to Grant Perry and added to its lead with a 19-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Jake Butt. Michigan added 21 points in the second quarter via a five-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Amara Darboh, a Delano Hill 27-yard interception return for a touchdown (pick six), and an 18-yard touchdown run from freshman running back Chris Evans, which made the score 35–0 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Michigan extended its lead early in the third quarter with a 43-yard touchdown run from Evans, and then added fourteen more points via a Channing Stribling 51-yard interception return for a touchdown and a four-yard touchdown run from Khalid Hill. Hawaii reduced Michigan's lead to 53 with a 55-yard field goal from Rigoberto Sanchez, but Michigan ended the scoring with a five-yard touchdown run from Karan Higdon.[48]
Michigan's honorary captain for the game was NBA Hall of Famer Michael Jordan, while former Wolverines Charles Woodson and Lamarr Woodley were also honored during the game. Michigan's 60-point margin of victory was the seventh highest margin of victory in program history and the highest since Michigan defeated Northwestern 69–0 in 1975. The game marked the fourth time in program history that Michigan did not punt during a game, and the first time since 2009 (against Delaware State). This was the first time Michigan had two pick sixes in a game since the 1999 Citrus Bowl against Arkansas and the first time since 2011 that it had two defensive touchdowns in one game. Thirty-three Wolverines made their collegiate debut, while seventeen true freshmen appeared in the game, setting a program record.[46] Evans—appearing in his first college game—rushed for 112 yards and two touchdowns on eight carries. He became just the third Wolverine true freshman to surpass 100 rushing yards in his collegiate debut, joining Walter Cross (104 yards, September 12, 1998) and Chris Perry (103 yards, September 2, 2000).[49]
vs. UCFEdit
See also: 2016 UCF Knights football team
UCF at Michigan
Knights 0 7 7 0 14
Date: September 10
Game weather: Mid 70s, Cloudy with rain, SW 15–25 MPH
Referee: John O'Neill
TV announcers (ABC): Steve Levy, Brian Griese & Todd McShay
1 8:48 MICH Jake Butt 3-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
1 3:29 MICH Khalid Hill 2-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 14–0
1 1:55 MICH Amara Darboh 45-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 21–0
2 14:17 MICH Kenny Allen 24-yard field goal MICH 24–0
2 11:30 MICH Jake Butt 14-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 31–0
2 11:10 UCF Adrian Killins 87-yard run (Matthew Wright kick) MICH 31–7
2 6:07 MICH Kenny Allen 36-yard field goal MICH 34–7
3 11:47 MICH Khalid Hill 1-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 41–7
3 11:10 UCF Dontravious Wilson 34-yard run (Matthew Wright kick) MICH 44–14
4 10:24 MICH Amara Darboh 30-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 51–14
First meeting
Following its opening game against Hawaii, Michigan hosted the Central Florida (UCF) Knights. This was the first ever meeting between the two teams.[51]
Michigan won in another lopsided victory, 51–14.[52] Michigan opened the scoring in the first quarter via a three-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Butt, and added to its lead via a two-yard touchdown run from Hill and a 45-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Darboh. Michigan added 13 points in the second quarter via a 24-yard, and 36-yard field goal from Allen, and a 14-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Butt. UCF reduced Michigan's lead to 27 points via an 87-yard touchdown run from Adrian Killins, which made the score 34–7 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Michigan extended its lead in the third quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Hill and a 37-yard field goal by Allen. UCF reduced Michigan's lead to 30 points via a 34-yard touchdown run from Dontravious Wilson. Michigan ended the scoring in the fourth quarter with a 30-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Darboh.[53]
Michigan posted back-to-back 50-plus-point performances for the first time since 1992. Michigan combined for 114 total points in its first two games of the season, the most in program history in more than 100 years.[51][54] Over his first two games, Speight has seven touchdown passes, tying him with John Navarre for the most touchdown passes in the first two games of a season by a Michigan quarterback. Butt had seven receptions with two touchdowns for the first multi-touchdown game of his career. Butt's seven receptions give him 100 for his career, moving him into third place for career receptions by a tight end.[51]
vs. ColoradoEdit
See also: 2016 Colorado Buffaloes football team
Colorado at Michigan
Buffaloes 21 0 7 0 28
• #4 Wolverines 7 17 14 7 45
Game start: 3:42 pm EDT
Game weather: Mid 70s, Cloudy with possible rain, SW 10–15 MPH
Referee: Mike Cannon
TV announcers (BTN): Kevin Kugler, Matt Millen & Lisa Byington
1 12:37 COLO Devin Ross 37-yard pass from Sefo Liufau (Diego Gonzalez kick) COLO 7–0
1 11:48 COLO Dere McCartney 18-yard fumble return (Diego Gonzalez kick) COLO 14–0
1 8:27 MICH Grant Perry 6-yard blocked punt return (Kenny Allen kick) COLO 14–7
1 3:49 COLO Devin Ross 6-yard pass from Sefo Liufau (Diego Gonzalez) COLO 21–7
2 8:49 MICH Jehu Chesson 17-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) COLO 21–14
2 1:59 MICH Kenny Allen 39-yard field goal COLO 21–17
2 :33 MICH Amara Darboh 45-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 24–21
3 14:02 MICH Shay Fields 70-yard pass from Sefo Liufau (Diego Gonzalez kick) COLO 28–24
3 13:16 MICH De'Veon Smith 42-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 31–28
3 3:06 MICH Ty Isaac 1-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 38–28
4 11:27 MICH Jabrill Peppers 54-yard punt return (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 45–28
3–1 September 13, 1997 Michigan, 27–3
After playing UCF, Michigan hosted the Colorado Buffaloes. This was the first meeting between the schools since 1997, which saw Michigan win its opener en route to a national championship.[56]
Michigan overcame a 14-point first quarter deficit and won the game 45–28. This was the 14th time that Michigan has overcome a deficit of 14 points or more to win.[57] Colorado opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 37-yard touchdown pass from Sefo Liufau to Devin Ross and added to its lead via an 18-yard fumble recovery for a touchdown by Dere McCartney. Michigan responded with a six-yard blocked punt touchdown return by Grant Perry, which reduced Colorado's lead to seven points. Colorado regained its 14-point lead via a six-yard touchdown pass from Liufau to Devin Ross. Michigan responded with 17 unanswered points in the second quarter: a 17-yard touchdown run from Jehu Chesson, a 39-yard field goal by Kenny Allen, and a 45-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Darboh, which made the score 24–21 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Colorado regained the lead in the third quarter via a 70-yard touchdown pass from Liufau to Shay Fields, but Michigan regained the lead with a 42-yard touchdown run from De'Veon Smith. Michigan added to its lead with a one-yard touchdown run from Ty Isaac, and then ended the scoring in the fourth quarter with a 54-yard punt return for a touchdown from Jabrill Peppers.[58]
Michigan's honorary captains for the game were former Michigan and current New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and Activision Blizzard CEO Robert Kotick. Michigan has combined for 159 total points over its first three games of the 2016 season, the most over that stretch in program history. Michigan scored two touchdowns off punts returns in a single game for just the second time in program history, and the first time since 1954. Jake Butt posted seven receptions for 87 yards and moved into third among Michigan's all-time leaders in receiving yards by a tight end with 1,292.[56]
vs. Penn StateEdit
See also: 2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
Penn State at Michigan
Nittany Lions 0 0 3 7 10
• #4 Wolverines 14 14 7 14 49
Game weather: Low 70s, Mostly sunny, N 10–15 MPH
Referee: Dan Capron
TV announcers (ABC): Dave Flemming, Brian Griese & Todd McShay
1 9:51 MICH Khalid Hill 1-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
1 3:57 MICH De'Veon Smith 2-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 14–0
2 14:09 MICH Devin Asiasi 3-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 21–0
2 0:46 MICH Karan Higdon 2-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 28–0
3 11:31 PSU Tyler Davis 21-yard field goal MICH 28–3
3 2:42 MICH Chris Evans 3-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 35–3
4 11:22 PSU Chris Godwin 8-yard pass from Trace McSorley (Tyler Davis kick) MICH 35–10
4 6:11 MICH Karan Higdon 40-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 42–10
12–7 November 21, 2015 Michigan, 28–16
Following its game against Colorado, Michigan began its Big Ten portion of the schedule when it hosted the Penn State Nittany Lions. Michigan defeated Penn State 28–16 in the previous meeting.[60]
Michigan won in another blowout, 49–10.[61] Michigan opened the scoring in the first quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Khalid Hill, and a two-yard touchdown run from De'Veon Smith. Michigan added to its lead in the second quarter via a three-yard touchdown pass from Wilton Speight to Devin Asiasi, and a two-yard touchdown run from Karan Higdon, which made the score 28–0 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Penn State reduced Michigan's lead to 25 with a 21-yard field goal by Tyler Davis in the third quarter. Michigan responded with a three-yard touchdown run from Chris Evans. Penn State opened the scoring in the fourth quarter via an eight-yard pass from Trace McSorley to Chris Godwin. Michigan responded with a 40-yard touchdown run from Karan Higdon, before Ty Isaac added the final points of the game via a three-yard touchdown run.[62]
Michigan's honorary captain for the game was alumnus Don Graham, the founder of Michigan's Graham Sustainability Institute. Michigan has combined for 208 total points over its first four games of the 2016 season, the most over that stretch in program history. Michigan has scored 40 or more points in each of its first four games for the first time since 1947. Michigan posted a season best six sacks, the most in a game since 2014 against Northwestern.[60]
With the win, the Wolverines also retook the all time college football winning percentage from its rival Notre Dame.
vs. WisconsinEdit
See also: 2016 Wisconsin Badgers football team
Wisconsin at Michigan
#8 Badgers 0 0 7 0 7
• #4 Wolverines 0 7 0 7 14
Date: October 1
Game weather: High 60s, Cloudy possible rain, SE 10–15 MPH
Referee: Ron Snodgrass
2 14:56 MICH Khalid Hill 1-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
3 8:03 WIS Dare Ogunbowale 17-yard pass from Alex Hornibrook (Andrew Endicott kick) Tie 7–7
4 7:56 MICH Amara Darboh 46-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 14–7
49–14–1 November 20, 2010 Wisconsin, 48–28
After facing Penn State, Michigan hosted the Wisconsin Badgers. Despite being in the same conference, these teams had not met since 2010, when Wisconsin defeated Michigan 48–28.[64]
Michigan defeated Wisconsin in a defensive battle, 14–7.[65] After neither team scored in the first quarter, Michigan opened the scoring in the second quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Khalid Hill, which made the score 7–0 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Wisconsin responded in the third quarter with a 17-yard touchdown pass from Alex Hornibrook to Dare Ogunbowale. Michigan re-gained the lead and ended the scoring in the fourth quarter via a 46-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Darboh.[66]
Michigan's honorary captain for the game was former faculty athletics representative, and current University of Michigan English professor Anne Curzan. The win was Michigan's first over a top-10 opponent since beating Wisconsin in 2008, 27–25,[64] ending a streak of 12 consecutive such losses (including two under Harbaugh).[67] Michigan was 0 for 3 on Field Goal attempts.[68]
at RutgersEdit
See also: 2016 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team
Michigan at Rutgers
• #4 Wolverines 14 29 14 21 78
Scarlet Knights 0 0 0 0 0
Location: High Point Solutions Stadium
Game attendance: 53,292
Game weather: 65º F, Rainy, W 2 MPH
TV announcers (ESPN2): Jason Benetti, Kelly Stouffer & Paul Carcaterra
1 7:44 MICH Ty Isaac 4-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
1 4:27 MICH Jehu Chesson 30-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 14–0
2 14:55 MICH Jabrill Peppers 7-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 21–0
2 11:57 MICH Khalid Hill 1-yard run (Garrett Moores rush) MICH 29–0
2 2:10 MICH Jabrill Peppers 4-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 43–0
3 10:28 MICH Khalid Hill 11-yard pass from John O'Korn (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 50–0
3 8:17 MICH Karan Higdon 15-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 57–0
4 12:45 MICH Bobby Henderson 13-yard run (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 64–0
4 9:20 MICH Karan Higdon 44-yard run (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 71–0
4 7:56 MICH Ty Isaac 34-yard run (Ryan Tice kick) MICH 78–0
1–1 November 7, 2015 Michigan, 49–16
After its game against Wisconsin, Michigan traveled to New Jersey to face Rutgers in Michigan's first road game of the season. Michigan defeated Rutgers 49–16 in the previous meeting.[70]
Michigan won in a historic blowout, 78–0.[71] Michigan opened the scoring in the first quarter via a four-yard touchdown run from Ty Isaac. Michigan added to its lead via a 30-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Chesson. Michigan added 29 points in the second quarter via a seven-yard touchdown run from Peppers, two one-yard touchdown runs from Hill, a two-point conversion Garrett Moores rush, and a four-yard touchdown run from Peppers, which made the score 43–0 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Michigan added 14 points in the third quarter via an 11-yard touchdown pass from John O'Korn to Hill, and a 15-yard touchdown run from Karan Higdon. Michigan added 21 points in the fourth quarter via a 13-yard touchdown run from Bobby Henderson, a 44-yard touchdown run from Higdon, and a 34-yard touchdown run from Isaac.[72]
The game was a statistical domination for Michigan. Michigan accumulated 600 yards of offense and eleven touchdowns (nine rushing, two passing); the nine rushing touchdowns tied for the most in modern program history.[73] Khalid Hill recorded three touchdown scores, making him the first Michigan player with three or more scores since Chesson had four in 2015 against Indiana. Michigan improved to 6–0 for the first time since 2011 and recorded its first shutout since the previous season against Northwestern. Michigan's defense held Rutgers to only 39 total yards, two first downs, 14 three-and-outs and 0-for-17 on third down. Michigan recorded its largest margin of victory—during either conference or non-conference play—since it defeated Chicago 85–0 in 1939. This was also the largest margin of victory in any Big Ten game since the same Michigan victory over Chicago.[70] The defeat was Rutgers' worst loss since an 82–0 loss to Princeton in 1888.[74]
vs. IllinoisEdit
See also: 2016 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
Illinois at Michigan
(Homecoming game)
Fighting Illini 0 0 0 8 8
• #3 Wolverines 21 10 3 7 41
Date: October 22
Game weather: Low 50s, Partly cloudy, NW 20–30 MPH
1 10:23 MICH Jake Butt 3-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
1 7:52 MICH Tyrone Wheatley 21-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 14–0
2 11:00 MICH De'Veon Smith 4-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 28–0
4 10:22 ILL Malik Turner 43-yard pass from Jeff George, Jr. (Zach Grant pass from Jeff George, Jr.) MICH 34–8
69–23–2 October 13, 2012 Michigan, 45–0
Following its clash with Rutgers and its bye week, Michigan hosted the Illinois Fighting Illini for its homecoming game. This was the first meeting between the schools since 2012, which saw Michigan defeat Illinois 45–0.[76]
Michigan won the game, 41–8.[77] Michigan scored 21 points in the first quarter via a three-yard touchdown pass from Wilton Speight to Jake Butt, a 21-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Tyrone Wheatley, and a one-yard touchdown run from Khalid Hill. Michigan added to its lead in the second with a four-yard touchdown run from De'Veon Smith, and a 23-yard field goal by Kenny Allen, which made the score 31–0 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Michigan added to its lead with a 27-yard field goal by Allen in the third quarter. Illinois responded in the fourth quarter with a 43-yard touchdown pass from Jeff George, Jr. to Malik Turner, and a two-point conversion pass from George to Zach Grant, before Michigan added the final points of the game via a 45-yard touchdown run from Karan Higdon.[78]
Michigan's honorary captain for the game was MLB Hall of Famer Hank Aaron. Michigan improved to 7–0 for the first time since 2006. Jake Butt recorded his fourth touchdown of the season—the 11th of his career—to gain sole possession of second second place on Michigan's list of career touchdowns by a tight end, four behind leader Jerame Tuman (15). Amara Darboh extended his streak of consecutive games with a catch to 27 and now holds sole possession of the sixth spot among Michigan leaders in the category. Michigan's defense held Illinois to 172 total yards, and without a passing yard in the first half. This was the fourth straight game that Michigan has held an opponent to less than 200 yards.[76]
at Michigan StateEdit
See also: 2016 Michigan State Spartans football team
Michigan at Michigan State
(Paul Bunyan Trophy)
• #2 Wolverines 7 20 0 5 32
Spartans 7 3 0 13 23
Location: Spartan Stadium
Game weather: 68º F, Overcast, WSW 11 MPH
Referee: Don Willard
TV announcers (ESPN): Bob Wischusen, Brock Huard & Allison Williams
1 7:58 MSU LJ Scott 5-yard run (Michael Geiger kick) MSU 7–0
1 4:30 MICH Jabrill Peppers 3-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) Tie 7–7
2 9:24 MSU Michael Geiger 52-yard field goal MICH 14–10
2 6:41 MICH Kenny Allen 23-yard field goal MICH 17–10
2 :39 MICH De'Veon Smith 5-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 24–10
4 14:42 MICH Kenny Allen 45-yard field goal MICH 30–10
4 7:31 MSU Monty Madaris 20-yard pass form Brian Lewerke (Michael Geiger kick) MICH 30–17
4 0:01 MSU Donnie Corley 20-yard pass form Tyler O'Connor (Tyler O'Connor run failed) MICH 30–23
4 0:01 MICH Jabrill Peppers defensive PAT return MICH 32–23
68–35–5 October 17, 2015 Michigan State, 27–23
After its homecoming game against Illinois, Michigan traveled to East Lansing to face its in-state rival, the Michigan State Spartans, for the Paul Bunyan Trophy. Michigan State defeated Michigan 27–23 in the previous season after returning a fumbled snap for a touchdown with no time remaining in the game.[80]
Michigan defeated Michigan State, 32–23, for its first win against the Spartans since 2012 and its first win at Spartan Stadium since 2007.[81] Michigan State opened the scoring in the first quarter with a five-yard touchdown run from LJ Scott, which capped off an opening drive that lasted seven minutes and two seconds. Michigan responded with a three-yard touchdown run from Jabrill Peppers and then took the lead in the second quarter with a one-yard touchdown run from De'Veon Smith. Michigan State reduced Michigan's lead to four with a 52-yard field goal from Michael Geiger, but Kenny Allen answered with a 23-yard field goal for Michigan. Michigan scored twice in the final minute of the half with a five-yard touchdown run from Smith and another 23-yard field goal from Allen, which gave Michigan a 27–10 lead at half-time. Michigan extended its lead to 20 in the fourth quarter with a 45-yard field goal from Allen, and coasted from there. Michigan State reduced Michigan's lead to seven points with a 5-yard touchdown pass from Tyler O'Connor to Donnie Corley with :01 left on the clock. On an ensuing two-point conversion attempt, O'Connor fumbled the ball and Peppers returned it for a two-point conversion for Michigan to close out the game.[82]
Michigan improved to 8–0 for the first time since 2006. Michigan's 5–0 record in Big Ten play is the best start to conference play for Michigan since its 6–0 start in 2007. With three receptions today, Jake Butt passed Jim Mandich (119 catches) for the second-most receptions by a tight end in Michigan history. Butt now has 121 career catches.[80]
vs. MarylandEdit
See also: 2016 Maryland Terrapins football team
Maryland at Michigan
Terrapins 0 0 0 3 3
Date: November 5
Game start: 3:35 pm EST
Game weather: Mid 60s, Sunny some clouds, SW 10–15 MPH
Referee: Jeff Servinski
TV announcers (ESPN): Steve Levy, Brian Griese & Todd McShay
1 9:50 MICH Amara Darboh 34-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 7–0
1 2:56 MICH Wilton Speight 10-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 14–0
4 10:34 UMD Adam Greene 37-yard field goal MICH 45–3
4 3:26 MICH Kekoa Crawford 9-yard pass from John O'Korn (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 59–3
4–1 October 3, 2015 Michigan, 28–0
After facing Michigan State, Michigan hosted the Maryland Terrapins. Maryland was led by Michigan's former defensive coordinator D. J. Durkin. In the 2015 contest, Michigan defeated Maryland, 28–0.[84]
Michigan won in another blowout, 59–3.[85] Michigan opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 34-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Darboh. Michigan added to its lead via a ten-yard touchdown run from Speight. Michigan added 21 points in the second quarter via a three-yard touchdown run from De'Veon Smith, a one-yard touchdown run from Khalid Hill and a 33-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Chesson, which made the score 35–0 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Michigan added 10 points in the third quarter via a 29-yard field goal from Kenny Allen, and a one-yard touchdown run from Smith. Maryland opened the scoring in the fourth quarter via a 37-yard field goal from Adam Greene, for their only points of the game. Michigan responded with 14 points via a two-yard touchdown run from Smith, his third rushing touchdown of the game, and a nine-yard touchdown pass from John O'Korn to Kekoa Crawford.[86]
Michigan improved to 9–0 for the first time since 2006. Wilton Speight set a program record for the most passing yards in the first half with 292 yards. The previous record-holder was Denard Robinson, who had 262 vs. Illinois in 2010. This was the first game the Wolverine offense featured a 300-yard passer (Wilton Speight, 362), a 100-yard rusher (De'Veon Smith, 114) and a 100-yard receiver (Jehu Chesson, 112) since October 19, 2013, vs. Indiana. Jake Butt became the program's all-time leader for receiving yards from a tight end (1,521), surpassing the previous record set by Jim Mandich (1,508). Michigan's defense combined for 13 tackles-for loss, tying a season record.[84]
at IowaEdit
See also: 2016 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
Michigan at Iowa
#2 Wolverines 3 7 0 3 13
• Hawkeyes 0 8 3 3 14
Date: November 12
Location: Kinnick Stadium
Game weather: 41º F, Mostly cloudy, S 4 MPH
TV announcers (ABC): Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit & Samantha Ponder
1 4:00 MICH Kenny Allen 26-yard field goal MICH 3–0
2 8:56 MICH Ty Isaac 7-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 10–0
2 6:31 IOWA Jaleel Johnson safety MICH 10–2
2 1:27 IOWA Akrum Wadley 3-yard pass from C. J. Beathard (C. J. Beathard pass failed) MICH 10–8
3 9:55 IOWA Keith Duncan 25-yard field goal IOWA 11–10
41–14–4 November 23, 2013 Iowa, 24–21
After hosting Maryland, Michigan traveled to Iowa City, Iowa to face the Iowa Hawkeyes. This was the first meeting between the two schools since Iowa defeated Michigan 24–21 in 2013.[88]
Iowa upset Michigan, 13–14.[89] Michigan opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 26-yard field goal from Kenny Allen. Michigan extended its lead in the second quarter via a seven-yard touchdown run from Ty Isaac. Iowa responded with a Jaleel Johnson safety and a three-yard touchdown pass from C. J. Beathard to Akrum Wadley, which made the score 10–8 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Iowa took their first lead of the game via a 25-yard field goal from Keith Duncan. Michigan responded with a 51-yard field goal from Allen, to regain the lead, before Duncan scored the game-winning 33-yard field goal as time expired.[90]
Michigan's 37 rushing scores are the third most for the team since 1970, trailing only the 43 touchdowns scored by the 1976 team and the 47 scored by the 1971 team.[88] The game was similar to the 1985 match-up between the two teams, when No. 1 ranked Iowa defeated No. 2 ranked Michigan, quarterbacked by now Michigan head coach Jim Harbaugh, on a game-winning field goal from Rob Houghtlin as time expired. After losses by No. 3 ranked Clemson, and No. 4 ranked Washington earlier in the day, and the loss by No. 2 ranked Michigan, this marked the first time since October 19, 1985 that Nos. 2–4 all lost on the same day.[91] In the days following the game, it was erroneously reported by blogger Brian Cook of the "mgoblog" fan website that Speight had endured a broken collarbone during the game and may be lost for the rest of the season.[92]
vs. IndianaEdit
See also: 2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team
Indiana at Michigan
Hoosiers 0 7 3 0 10
• #4 Wolverines 0 3 17 0 20
Game start: 3:35 EST
Game weather: High 30s, Cloudy, rain/snow, NW 20–30 MPH
TV announcers (ESPN): Dave Pasch, Greg McElroy & Tom Luginbill
2 4:00 IND Camion Patrick 2-yard run (Griffin Oakes kick) IND 7–3
3 9:40 MICH Kenny Allen 33-yard field goal IND 7–6
3 5:21 IND Griffin Oakes 24-yard field goal IND 10–6
3 4:02 MICH De'Veon Smith 34-yard run (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 13–10
55–9 November 14, 2015 Michigan, 48–41 2OT
Following its game against Iowa, Michigan played its final home game against Indiana. Michigan defeated Indiana 48–41 in double overtime the previous season.[94]
Michigan defeated Indiana, 20–10.[95] After neither team scored in the first quarter, Michigan opened the scoring in the second quarter via a 28-yard field goal from Kenny Allen. Indiana responded with a two-yard touchdown run from Camion Patrick, which made the score 7–3 in favor of Indiana at half-time. Michigan reduced Indiana's lead to one point via a 33-yard field goal from Allen. Indiana extended its lead in the third quarter via a 24-yard field goal from Griffin Oakes. Michigan responded with 14 unanswered points via two touchdown runs from De'Veon Smith, one from 34-yards, and one from 39-yards.[96]
Michigan improved to 10–1, achieving back-to-back double-digit win seasons for the first time since 2002–03. It is the 28th time in program history that Michigan reached 10 wins. Jim Harbaugh is one of only two coaches in program history to win 10 games in each of his first two seasons as head coach, joining Fielding Yost (1901–02). Senior quarterback John O'Korn made his first start since the 2014 season. With two pass breakups against the Hoosiers, cornerback Jourdan Lewis upped his career total to 43 to tie Leon Hall (2003–06) for the most in Michigan history.[94]
at Ohio StateEdit
See also: 2016 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
Michigan at Ohio State
(The Game)
#3 Wolverines 0 10 7 0 7 3 27
• #2 Buckeyes 0 7 7 3 7 6 30
Location: Ohio Stadium
Game start: 12:00 EST
Game weather: 43º F, Partly cloudy, W 10 MPH
Referee: Daniel Capron
TV announcers (ABC): Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit, Samantha Ponder, Tom Rinaldi
Sources:[31]
2 13:31 MICH Kenny Allen 28-yard field goal MICH 3–0
2 4:03 OSU Malik Hooker 16-yard interception return (Durbin Tyler kick) OSU 7–3
3 6:37 MICH Khalid Hill 8-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) MICH 17–7
3 1:06 OSU Mike Weber 1-yard run (Tyler Durbin kick) MICH 17–14
4 0:01 OSU Durbin Tyler 23-yard field goal Tie 17–17
OT 0:00 OSU J. T. Barrett 7-yard run (Tyler Durbin kick) OSU 24–17
OT 0:00 MICH Amara Darboh 5-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) Tie 24–24
2OT 0:00 MICH Kenny Allen 37-yard field goal MICH 27–24
2OT 0:00 OSU Curtis Samuel 15-yard run OSU 30–27
58–47–6 November 28, 2015 Ohio State, 42–13
Following its home finale against Indiana, Michigan faced its arch-rivals, the Ohio State Buckeyes, in the 113th meeting of "The Game". In the previous meeting, Ohio State defeated Michigan for the fourth consecutive year, winning 42–13.[97]
Michigan lost to Ohio State 27–30 in double overtime. After neither team scored in the first quarter, Michigan opened the scoring in the second quarter via a 28-yard field goal from Kenny Allen. Ohio State responded with a 16-yard interception return from Malik Hooker. Michigan closed the scoring in the first half via a one-yard touchdown run from Khalid Hill, which made the score 10–7 in favor of Michigan at half-time. Michigan extended their lead in the third quarter via an eight-yard touchdown pass from Wilton Speight to Hill. Ohio State reduced Michigan's lead to three points via a one-yard touchdown run from Mike Weber, before Tyler Durbin recorded a 23-yard field goal as time expired in the fourth quarter to tie the game and force overtime. In overtime, Ohio State scored via a seven-yard touchdown run from J. T. Barrett. Michigan responded with a five-yard touchdown pass from Speight to Amara Darboh to force double overtime. In double overtime, Michigan scored via a 37-yard field goal from Allen, before Curtis Samuel recorded a 15-yard touchdown run to win the game.[98]
Dave Adolph served as honorary captain for both Michigan and Ohio State. The game marked the 11th time that Michigan and Ohio State took the field both in the nation's top-five rankings; and is just the second time that both programs were ranked in the nation's top three. The other was the No. 1 vs. No. 2 matchup in 2006 at Ohio Stadium. The game also marked the first overtime in the Michigan-Ohio State rivalry. Michigan's defense recorded a season-best eight sacks against Ohio State. It is the program's most since posting nine against Notre Dame on September 15, 2007. The Wolverines have recorded at least three sacks in each of the last four games. Wide receiver Amara Darboh surpassed the 2,000-yard receiving milestone in the contest. Darboh caught eight passes for 68 receiving yards, upping his career total to 2,026. Darboh has recorded a reception in 32 consecutive games, earning a share of the fourth spot among Michigan's all-time leaders in the category. He is tied with Marquise Walker (1998–2001).[97]
The Big Ten fined Head Coach Jim Harbaugh and the school $10,000 for violating their sportsmanship policy after he was critical of the officiating crew at a post-game press conference.[99]
Rushing Yards 206 91
Penalties 2–6 7–59
Passing J. T. Barrett (124) Wilton Speight (219)
Rushing J. T. Barrett (125) De'Veon Smith (60)
Receiving Noah Brown (40) Amara Darboh (68)
vs. Florida StateEdit
Main article: 2016 Orange Bowl
See also: 2016 Florida State Seminoles football team
Michigan vs. Florida State
(Orange Bowl)
#6 Wolverines 3 3 9 17 32
• #10 Seminoles 17 3 0 13 33
Date: December 30
Location: Hard Rock Stadium
Miami Gardens, FL
Referee: Matt Austin
Sources:[100][32]
1 12:47 FSU Dalvin Cook 2-yard run (Roberto Aguayo kick) FSU 7–0
1 9:11 MICH Kenny Allen 19-yard field goal FSU 7–3
1 7:31 FSU Roberto Aguayo 42-yard field goal FSU 10–3
1 2:49 FSU Nyqwan Murray 92-yard pass from Deondre Francois (Roberto Aguayo kick) FSU 17–3
2 9:36 MICH Kenny Allen 28-yard field goal FSU 17–6
3 0:54 MICH Mike McCray 14-yard interception return (Wilton Speight pass failed) FSU 20–15
4 11:38 FSU Deondre Francois 3-yard run (Roberto Aguayo kick) FSU 27–15
4 5:22 MICH Khalid Hill 8-yard pass from Wilton Speight (Kenny Allen kick) FSU 27–22
4 1:57 MICH Chirs Evans 30-yard run (Wilton Speight pass to Amara Darboh) MICH 30–27
4 0:36 FSU Nyqwan Murray 12-yard pass from Deondre Francois (Roberto Aguayo kick blocked) FSU 33–30
4 0:36 MICH Josh Metellus 98-yard defensive conversion FSU 33–32
1–1 September 28, 1991 Florida State, 51–31
On December 4, Michigan was selected to play in the Orange Bowl against the Florida State Seminoles. Michigan lost the previous meeting in 1991, by a score of 51–31. This was Michigan's 45th bowl game appearance, and third appearance in the Orange Bowl.[100]
Playing without Heisman Trophy finalist Jabrill Peppers, Michigan lost to Florida State, 33–32.[101] Florida State opened the scoring in the first quarter via a two-yard touchdown run from Dalvin Cook. Michigan responded with a 19-yard field goal from Kenny Allen. Florida State extended its lead with a 42-yard field goal from Roberto Aguayo and a 92-yard touchdown pass from Deondre Francois to Nyqwan Murray. The teams exchanged field goals in the second quarter, a 28-yard field goal from Allen, and a 38-yard field goal from Roberto Aguayo, which made the score 20–6 in favor of Florida State at half-time. Michigan scored nine points in the third quarter on a 37-yard field goal from Allen, and a 14-yard interception return from Mike McCray, reducing Florida State's lead to five points. Florida State extended its lead in the fourth quarter via a three-yard run from Francois. Michigan responded with 15 unanswered points via an eight-yard touchdown pass from Wilton Speight to Khalid Hill, and a 30-yard touchdown run from Chris Evans to take their first lead of the game. Florida State responded with a 12-yard touchdown pass from Francois to Murray. Florida State's extra point was blocked by Chris Wormley, and Josh Metellus returned it the length of the field for a defensive conversion, making the score 33–32 in favor of the Seminoles. Michigan took over possession at its 25-yard line following the kickoff but was unable to get anything going as a fourth-down pass was intercepted near midfield to seal the game.[102]
Michigan finished the season with 534 points scored, fifth all-time trailing only the 1901–1904 point-a-minute teams. In finishing three-for-three on the day in field goals, Kenny Allen was one shy of the program record for most consecutive field goals made (16). Allen finished his career at 37-for-45, an 82.2-percent clip, just short of passing Bob Bergeron (29-of-35; 82.9 percent) as Michigan's all-time most accurate field goal kicker (minimum of 15 attempts). He also closes his career a perfect 95-for-95 on point-after attempts, tied with 10 others atop the program charts. Wide receiver Amara Darboh finished his career with at least one catch in 33 straight games, the fourth-longest streak in program history. Jeremy Gallon owns the record at 39 consecutive games.[103]
2017 NFL DraftEdit
Main article: 2017 NFL Draft
Pick #
NFL team
Cleveland Browns Jabrill Peppers S Michigan Big Ten from Houston [105]
Dallas Cowboys Taco Charlton DE Michigan Big Ten
Baltimore Ravens Chris Wormley DT Michigan Big Ten from Philadelphia [107]
Dallas Cowboys Jourdan Lewis CB Michigan Big Ten
Seattle Seahawks Delano Hill S Michigan Big Ten from Atlanta [108]
3* 106 Seattle Seahawks Amara Darboh WR Michigan Big Ten
Minnesota Vikings Ben Gedeon LB Michigan Big Ten
4* 138 Cincinnati Bengals Ryan Glasgow DT Michigan Big Ten
4* 139 Kansas City Chiefs Jehu Chesson WR Michigan Big Ten from Cleveland via Philadelphia and Minnesota [110]
Denver Broncos Jake Butt TE Michigan Big Ten from Cleveland
New York Jets Jeremy Clark CB Michigan Big Ten from Arizona via Chicago and LA Rams [111]
Michigan set a program record with 11 NFL Draft selections, surpassing the previous record of 10, which was set in 1972 and 1974. Nine of this year's selections came in the first four rounds, setting another program record. It was also the most draftees in the 2017 NFL Draft by any school.[112][113]
RosterEdit
2016 Michigan Wolverines football team roster
WR 1 Kekoa Crawford Fr
TE 2 Devin Asiasi Fr
QB 3 Wilton Speight Jr
RB 4 De'Veon Smith Sr
QB 6 Michael Sessa Fr
RB 6 Kareem Walker Fr
QB 7 Shane Morris Sr
QB 8 John O'Korn Sr
WR 9 Grant Perry So
QB 10 Alex Malzone So
RB 12 Chris Evans Fr
WR 13 Eddie McDoom Fr
WR 14 Drake Harris Jr
QB 15 Garrett Moores Sr
WR 16 Jack Wangler Sr
WR 17 Simeon Smith Fr
TE 17 Tyrone Wheatley Jr. So
TE 18 Nick Eubanks Fr
QB 18 Brandon Peters Fr
FB 19 Henry Poggi Sr
RB 20 Drake Johnson RSr
RB 22 Karan Higdon So
RB 23 Kingston Davis Fr
WR 24 Jake Martin Fr
WR 25 Nate Johnson Fr
WR 25 Brendan White So
RB 27 Joe Hewlett Jr
WR 28 Austin Brenner Jr
FB 30 Joe Beneducci Jr
RB 32 Ty Isaac Sr
TE 34 Kenneth Ferris So
FB 35 Brian Chu Jr
WR 35 Nate Schoenle Fr
FB 37 Bobby Henderson RSr
FB 39 Spencer Dickow So
FB 40 Nick Volk Jr
FB 41 Michael Hirsch Jr
TE 42 Joseph Files So
OG/DT 50 Michael Onwenu Fr
OL 51 Greg Froelich Sr
C 52 Mason Cole Jr
OG 55 David Dawson Sr
OG/C 57 Patrick Kugler Sr
C 63 Ben Pliska RSr
OL 65 Anthony Kay Fr
OG 67 Kyle Kalis RSr
OL 68 Andrew Vastardis Fr
OT 70 Nolan Ulizio So
OG 71 Ben Braden RSr
OL 72 Stephen Spanellis Fr
OG 74 Ben Bredeson Fr
OT 75 Jon Runyan Jr. So
OT 76 Juwan Bushell-Beatty Jr
OT 77 Grant Newsome So
OT 78 Erik Magnuson RSr
OL 79 Greg Robinson Fr
FB 80 Khalid Hill Sr
TE 81 Michael Jocz RSr
TE 81 Dan Jokisch Fr
WR 82 Amara Darboh RSr
TE 83 Zach Gentry So
TE 84 Sean McKeon Fr
WR 85 Maurice Ways Jr
WR 86 Jehu Chesson RSr
TE 86 Connor Edmonds Fr
TE 88 Jake Butt (C) Sr
TE 89 Ian Bunting Jr
LB 2 Carlo Kemp Fr
DE 3 Rashan Gary Fr
LB 4 Reuben Jones So
LB/DB 5 Jabrill Peppers Jr
CB 6 Keith Washington So
S 7 Khaleke Hudson Fr
DE 7 Shelton Johnson So
CB 8 Channing Stribling Sr
LB 9 Mike McCray Sr
LB 10 Devin Bush Jr. Fr
S 13 Josh Metellus Fr
DE 15 Chase Winovich Jr
DE 17 Ron Johnson Fr
S 18 AJ Pearson RSr
CB 20 Matt Mitchell Jr
CB 22 David Long Fr
S 23 Tyree Kinnel So
CB 24 Lavert Hill Fr
S 25 Dymonte Thomas Sr
CB 26 Jourdan Lewis Sr
S 27 Tru Wilson Fr
CB 28 Brandon Watson Jr
S 29 Jordan Glasgow So
S 30 Tyler Cochran Fr
DB 32 Louis Grodman So
DE 33 Taco Charlton Sr
CB 34 Jeremy Clark RSr
LB 35 Joshua Uche Fr
LB 36 Devin Gil Fr
DB 36 Taylor Krupp So
DE 37 Dane Drobocky Fr
LB 38 Jared Wangler Jr
LB 40 Wyatt Shallman Sr
CB 40 Kenneth Sloss Sr
S 41 Jacob West So
LB 42 Ben Gedeon Sr
DE/DT 43 Chris Wormley (C) RSr
S 44 Delano Hill Sr
LB 46 Michael Wroblewski Sr
S 49 Anthony Dalimonte Sr
DT 50 Michael Dwumfour Fr
LB 51 Peter Bush Fr
LB 52 Elysee Mbem-Bosse Fr
DT 53 Salim Makki Jr
DT 54 Carl Myers Fr
DT 55 Garrett Miller Sr
LB 56 Jameson Offerdahl So
LB 58 Alex Kaminski Jr
LB 59 Noah Furbush Jr
DT 73 Maurice Hurst Jr. Sr
LB 88 Jack Dunaway So
DT 90 Bryan Mone Jr
LB 92 Cheyenn Robertson So
DE 93 Lawrence Marshall Jr
DT 96 Ryan Glasgow RSr
DT 99 Matthew Godin RSr
K 3 Quinn Nordin Fr
P 17 Will Hart Fr
K/P 31 James Foug So
K/P 41 Ryan Tice So
LS 31 Scott Sypniewski Sr
LS 38 Camaron Cheeseman Fr
LS 38 Bradley Deeg So
LS 50 Andrew Robinson Jr
K/P 91 Kenny Allen RSr
Jim Harbaugh
Coordinators/assistant coaches
Tim Drevno (offensive coordinator / offensive line)
Don Brown (defensive coordinator)
Jedd Fisch (passing game coordinator / quarterbacks / wide receivers)
Chris Partridge (special teams coordinator / linebackers)
Jay Harbaugh (tight ends)
Greg Mattison (defensive line)
Kevin Tolbert (strength and conditioning)
Tyrone Wheatley (running backs)
Mike Zordich (cornerbacks)
Brian Smith (safeties)
Biff Poggi (assistant to the head coach in charge of special projects)
Tony Tuioti (Director of Player Personnel)
Michael Switzer (Offensive Analyst)
Jimmie Dougherty (Offensive Analyst)
Devin Bush Sr. (Defensive Analyst)
Bam Richards (Offensive Analyst and Recruiting Coordinator)
Rick Finotti (Defensive Analyst)
Zach Eisendrath (Director of Internal Communications and Operations)
Sarah Snyder (Director of Performance Nutrition)
Gwendolyn Bush (Director Of Player Development)
Al Netter (Offensive Grad Assistant)
Drew Terrell (Offensive Assistant/Wide Receivers)
Antonio James (Defensive Assistant)
Joe Hastings (Defensive Graduate Assistant)
Albert Karschnia (Operations Assistant)
Tony Binker (Recruiting Assistant)
Elijah Sandweiss (Recruiting Assistant)
Tony DeFeo (Director of Football Operations & Analytics)
Erin Cronyn (Operations Intern)
Katie Giarmo (Recruiting Intern)
[114][115]
(C) Team captain
(S) Suspended
(I) Ineligible
Awards and honorsEdit
Date Awarded
Mike McCray Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week September 5, 2016 [116]
Wilton Speight Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week September 12, 2016 [117]
Jabrill Peppers Co-Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week
Big Ten Special Teams Player of the Week
Walter Camp FBS Player of the Week September 19, 2016 [118]
Kenny Allen Big Ten Special Teams Player of the Week October 31, 2016 [119]
Wilton Speight Co-Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week November 7, 2016 [120]
De'Veon Smith Co-Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week November 21, 2016 [121]
Jabrill Peppers Nagurski-Woodson Defensive Player of the Year
Butkus-Fitzgerald Linebacker of the Year
Rodgers-Dwight Return Specialist of the Year
Paul Hornung Award
Lott Trophy [122]
Jourdan Lewis Tatum-Woodson Defensive Back of the Year
Jake Butt Kwalick-Clark Tight End of the Year
John Mackey Award
Senior CLASS Award [125]
Garrett Moores Peter Mortell Award [128]
FWAA
WCFF
USAT
Jabrill Peppers 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Unanimous
Jourdan Lewis 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 Consensus
Jake Butt 2 1 2 1 2 Consensus
Chris Wormley 2 None
Kyle Kalis 2 None
The NCAA recognizes a selection to all five of the AP, AFCA, FWAA, TSN and WCFF first teams for unanimous selections and three of five for consensus selections.
All-Big Ten
Erik Magnuson OT 1 1
Jake Butt TE 1 1
Taco Charlton DL 1 1
Jabrill Peppers LB 1 1
Jourdan Lewis DB 1 1
Jabrill Peppers PR 1 1
Chris Wormley DL 1 2
Amara Darboh WR 2 2
Mason Cole C 2 2
Kyle Kalis OG 2 2
Ben Braden OT 2 2
Ryan Glasgow DL 2 2
Channing Stribling DB 2 2
Kenny Allen P 2 2
Ben Gedeon LB 3 2
Delano Hill DB 2 Hon.
Wilton Speight QB 3 3
Kenny Allen K Hon. Hon.
Ben Bredeson OG Hon. Hon.
Mike McCray LB Hon. Hon.
De'Veon Smith RB Hon. Hon.
Dymonte Thomas DB Hon. Hon.
Matt Godin DL Hon. –
Jehu Chesson WR – Hon.
Hon. = Honorable mention. Reference:[129]
^ Baumgardner, Nick (December 2, 2015). "Report: Michigan DC D.J. Durkin hired as Maryland's head coach". MLive. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
^ "Harbaugh Hires Brown to Coordinate U-M Defense". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 21, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
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^ Baumgardner, Nick (February 3, 2016). "Rashan Gary, nation's No. 1-ranked recruit, commits to Michigan". MLive. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
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^ a b "Boxscore: #4 Michigan 49, Penn State 10". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 24, 2016. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
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^ a b "Boxscore: #4 Michigan 78, Rutgers 0". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 8, 2016. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
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^ a b "Boxscore: #2 Michigan 59, Maryland 3". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 5, 2016. Archived from the original on November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
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^ a b "Boxscore: #4 Michigan 20, Indiana 10". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 19, 2016. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
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^ a b "Boxscore: Florida State 33, Michigan 32". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
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^ "2016 NCAA Football Rankings – Week 2". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
^ "2016 NCAA Football Rankings – Week 3". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
^ "2016 NCAA Football Rankings – Week 6". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
^ "2016 NCAA Football Rankings – Week 12". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
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^ "Hawaii–Michigan Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #7 Michigan 63, Hawaii 3". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 3, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
^ "Michigan Earns 60-Point Victory over Hawaii to Begin 2016". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 3, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
^ "Hawaii-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. September 3, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
^ Baumgardner, Nick (September 3, 2016). "Michigan-Hawaii observations: Speight settles in, Chris Evans a home-run hitter". Mlive.com. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
^ "UCF–Michigan Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 5, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
^ a b c "Postgame Notes: #5 Michigan 51, Central Florida 14". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ "Passing Game, Special Teams Lead Wolverines Past UCF". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ "UCF-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ The 1892 team scored 142 points in its first two games; the 1902 "Point-a-Minute" team scored 136 points; and the 1914 team scored 127 points).
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #4 Michigan 45, Colorado 28". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ "Big-Play Wolverines Trample Buffaloes in Non-Conference Finale". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ "Colorado-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ "Penn State–Michigan Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #4 Michigan 49, Penn State 10". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
^ "U-M Rides Six Sacks, Six Rush TDs to Win over PSU in B1G Opener". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
^ "Penn State-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
^ "Wisconsin–Michigan Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #4 Michigan 14, #8 Wisconsin 7". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 1, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
^ "Wolverines Win Fourth Quarter, Stay Perfect". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 1, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
^ "Wisconsin-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. October 1, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
^ "'Top Ten Throwdown:' How rare are three top-10 games in one week?". ESPN. September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
^ Baumgardner, Nick. "Michigan's 3 missed FGs prompts a 'kicking competition' this week; Quinn Nordin's out". Retrieved October 3, 2016.
^ "Michigan–RutgersPre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #4 Michigan 78, Rutgers 0". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
^ "Ground Attack, Defensive Blanket Key U-M's Shutout Win". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
^ "Michigan-Rutgers Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
^ Note: Claims that Michigan's nine touchdowns are a program record ignore the accomplishments of Fielding H. Yost's "Point-a-Minute" teams that scored more than nine touchdowns on multiple occasions. Michigan's single-game record is actually 22 touchdowns, a feat accomplished twice – on October 26, 1901, against University of Buffalo and on October 24, 1904, against West Virginia. These games occurred before the forward pass was legalized in 1906; therefore, all points scored would have been via rushing touchdowns.
^ Werner, Barry (October 8, 2016). "Stunning stats from Michigan's 78–0 destruction of Rutgers". FoxSports.com. Fox Sports. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
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^ a b "Postgame Notes: #3 Michigan 41, Illinois 8". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
^ "Balanced Offensive Attack Propels U-M Past Illinois on Homecoming". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
^ "Illinois-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
^ "Michigan–Michigan State Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #2 Michigan 32, Michigan State 23". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
^ "Wolverines Take Back Paul Bunyan Trophy". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
^ "Michigan-Michigan State Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
^ "Maryland–Michigan Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #2 Michigan 59, Maryland 3". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
^ "Butt, Speight Set Records in Blowout Win". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
^ "Maryland-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
^ "Michigan–Iowa Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: Iowa 14, #2 Michigan 13". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 12, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ "Wolverines Fall on Final Kick". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 12, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ "Michigan-Iowa Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. November 12, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ Snyder, Mark (November 12, 2016). "Iowa shocks No. 3 Michigan 14–13 off game-winning field goal". USA Today. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ Goodbread, Chase (November 14, 2016). "Reports: Michigan QB Wilton Speight has broken collarbone". NFL.com. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
^ "Indiana–Michigan Pre-game Notes" (PDF). MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #4 Michigan 20, Indiana 10". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
^ "8–0 at Home Behind Strong Senior Effort". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
^ "Indiana-Michigan Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
^ a b "Postgame Notes: #2 Ohio State 30, #3 Michigan 27 (2OT)". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 26, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ "Michigan-Ohio State Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. November 26, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Michigan's Jim Harbaugh scolded for tirade Los Angeles Times, November 28, 2016
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^ "Michigan Comes Up on Wrong End of Orange Bowl Classic". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ "Michigan-Florida State Box Score". ESPN.com. ESPN. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ "Postgame Notes: Florida State 33, Michigan 32". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ a b c "2017 NFL Draft trade tracker: Details of all the moves". April 27, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
^ No. 25: Houston → Cleveland (D). No. 12: Cleveland → Houston (D).Cleveland traded a first-round selection (12th) to Houston in exchange for Houston's first-round selections (25th) as well as their first-round selection in 2018.[104]
^ Stites, Adam (April 4, 2017). "Eagles bolster defensive line by trading with Ravens for Timmy Jernigan". SBNation.com. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
^ No. 74: Philadelphia → Baltimore (PD). Philadelphia traded their third-round selection (74th) to Baltimore in exchange for Baltimore's third-round compensatory selection (99th) and defensive tackle Timmy Jernigan.[106]
^ No. 95: Atlanta → Seattle (D). Seattle traded their first-round selection (26th) to Atlanta in exchange for Atlanta's first-, third-, and seventh-round selections (31st, 95th, and 249th).[104]
^ Rosenthal, Gregg (April 20, 2016). "Eagles acquire No. 2 overall draft pick from Browns". NFL.com. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
^ No. 139: Cleveland → Philadelphia (PD).[109]
^ No. 197: Arizona → Chicago (D). Chicago traded their second- and seventh-round selections (36th and 221st) to Arizona in exchange for Arizona's second-, fourth-, and sixth-round selections (45th, 119th, and 197th) as well as a fourth-round selection in 2018.[104]
^ "U-M Leads All Programs in Players Picked in 2017 NFL Draft". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
^ "Michigan Sets Record on Day Three of NFL Draft". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
^ "2016 Michigan Football Coaching Staff". CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 12, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
^ "2016 Michigan Football Roster". MGoBlue. CBS Interactive. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
^ "McCray Named B1G Football Defensive Player of the Week". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 5, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
^ "Awards and Honors: Speight Earns B1G Player of the Week Honors". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
^ "Awards and Honors: Peppers Lauded with B1G, National Awards". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
^ "Awards & Honors: Allen, Peppers Earn National Accolades". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. October 31, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
^ "Big Ten Football Players of the Week (10)". www.bigten.org. Big Ten Conference. November 7, 2016. Archived from the original on November 13, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
^ "Big Ten Football Players of the Week (12)". www.bigten.org. Big Ten Conference. November 21, 2016. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
^ "Peppers, Lewis Lead All 11 Defenders Honored by B1G". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
^ "Peppers Wins 2016 Paul Hornung Award". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
^ "Peppers Wins 2016 Lott IMPACT Trophy". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 11, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^ "Butt Repeats as Big Ten's Tight End of the Year". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. November 30, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
^ "Butt Named Recipient of Mackey Award". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
^ "Well-Rounded Wolverine: Butt Collects Senior CLASS Award". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. December 28, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Chengelis, Angelique (December 8, 2016). "Michigan's Garrett Moores has hold on award". The Detroit News. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
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Lyon (UK: /ˈliːɒ̃/,[3][4] US: /liˈɔːn, liˈoʊn/,[5][6][b] French: [ljɔ̃] ( listen); Arpitan: Liyon [ʎjɔ̃]) is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France. It is located in the country's east-central part at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône,[8] about 470 km (292 mi) south from Paris, 320 km (199 mi) north from Marseille and 56 km (35 mi) northeast from Saint-Étienne. Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais.
Liyon (Arpitan)
Prefecture and commune
Top: Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, Place des Terreaux with Fontaine Bartholdi and Lyon City Hall at night. Centre: Parc de la Tête d'Or, Confluence district and the Vieux Lyon. Bottom: Pont Lafayette, Part-Dieu district with the Place Bellecour in foreground during Festival of Lights.
Avant, avant, Lion le melhor
(Old Franco-Provençal for "Forward, forward, Lyon the best")[a]
Location of Lyon
Show map of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Coordinates: 45°46′N 4°50′E / 45.76°N 4.84°E / 45.76; 4.84Coordinates: 45°46′N 4°50′E / 45.76°N 4.84°E / 45.76; 4.84
Metropolis of Lyon
9 arrondissements
• Mayor (2018–2020)
Gérard Collomb (LREM)
6,018.62 km2 (2,323.80 sq mi)
(Jan. 2016[1])
3rd in France
11,000/km2 (28,000/sq mi)
2,265,375[2]
(2nd in France)
69123 /69001-69009
162–349 m (531–1,145 ft)
www.lyon-france.com
Lyon had a population of 513,275 in 2015.[1] It is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. The Lyon metropolitan area had a population of 2,265,375 in 2014, the second-largest urban area in France.[2] The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy, and historical and architectural landmarks; part of it is a registered as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk. Lyon played a significant role in the history of cinema: it is where Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematograph. It is also known for its light festival, the Fête des Lumières, which begins every 8 December and lasts for four days, earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights.
Economically, Lyon is a major centre for banking, as well as for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries. The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games, and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector.[9] Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and Euronews. According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Lyon is considered a Beta city, as of 2018[update].[10] It ranked second in France and 40th globally in Mercer's 2019 liveability rankings.[11]
Main articles: History of Lyon and Timeline of Lyon
Ancient LyonEdit
Main article: Lugdunum
According to the historian Dio Cassius, in 43 BC, the Roman Senate ordered the creation of a settlement for Roman refugees of war with the Allobroges. These refugees had been expelled from Vienne and were now encamped at the confluence of the Saône and Rhône rivers. The foundation was built on Fourvière hill and officially called Colonia Copia Felix Munatia, a name invoking prosperity and the blessing of the gods. The city became increasingly referred to as Lugdunum (and occasionally Lugudunum[12]).[13] The earliest translation of this Gaulish place-name as "Desired Mountain" is offered by the 9th-century Endlicher Glossary.[14] In contrast, some modern scholars have proposed a Gaulish hill-fort named Lug[o]dunon, after the Celtic god Lugus ('Light', cognate with Old Irish Lugh, Modern Irish Lú), and dúnon (hill-fort).
The Roman-era Theatre on the Fourvière Hill
The Romans recognised that Lugdunum's strategic location at the convergence of two navigable rivers made it a natural communications hub. The city became the starting point of the principal Roman roads in the area, and it quickly became the capital of the province, Gallia Lugdunensis. Two Emperors were born in this city: Claudius, whose speech is preserved in the Lyon Tablet in which he justifies the nomination of Gallic Senators, and Caracalla.
Early Christians in Lyon were martyred for their beliefs under the reigns of various Roman emperors, most notably Marcus Aurelius and Septimius Severus. Local saints from this period include Blandina, Pothinus, and Epipodius, among others. In the second century AD, the great Christian bishop of Lyon was the Easterner, Irenaeus.[15] To this day, the archbishop of Lyon is still referred to as "Primat des Gaules".[16]
Burgundians fleeing the destruction of Worms by the Huns in 437 were re-settled at Lugdunum. In 443 the Romans established the Kingdom of the Burgundians, and Lugdunum became its capital in 461. In 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, Lyon went to the Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I. It later was made part of the Kingdom of Arles. Lyon did not come under French control until the 14th century.
Modern LyonEdit
Fernand Braudel remarked, "Historians of Lyon are not sufficiently aware of the bi-polarity between Paris and Lyon, which is a constant structure in French development...from the late Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution".[17] In the late 15th century, the fairs introduced by Italian merchants made Lyon the economic counting house of France. Even the Bourse (treasury), built in 1749, resembled a public bazaar where accounts were settled in the open air. When international banking moved to Genoa, then Amsterdam, Lyon remained the banking centre of France.
During the Renaissance, the city's development was driven by the silk trade, which strengthened its ties to Italy. Italian influence on Lyon's architecture is still visible among historic buildings.[18] In the later 1400s and 1500s Lyon was also a key centre of literary activity and book publishing, both of French writers (such as Maurice Scève, Antoine Heroet, and Louise Labé) and of Italians in exile (such as Luigi Alamanni and Gian Giorgio Trissino).
Lyon under siege in 1793
In 1572, Lyon was a scene of mass violence by Catholics against Protestant Huguenots in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Two centuries later, Lyon was again convulsed by violence when, during the French Revolution, the citizenry rose up against the National Convention and supported the Girondins. The city was besieged by Revolutionary armies for over two months before surrendering in October 1793. Many buildings were destroyed, especially around the Place Bellecour, while Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois and Joseph Fouché administered the execution of more than 2,000 people. The Convention ordered that its name be changed to "Liberated City" and a plaque was erected that proclaimed "Lyons made war on Liberty; Lyons no longer exists." A decade later, Napoleon ordered the reconstruction of all the buildings demolished during this period.
The Convention was not the only target within Lyon during the 1789-1799 French Revolution. After the National Convention faded into history, the French Directory appeared and days after the September 4, 1797, Coup of 18 Fructidor, a Directory's commissioner was assassinated in Lyon.
The city became an important industrial town during the 19th century. In 1831 and 1834, the canuts (silk workers) of Lyon staged two major uprisings for better working conditions and pay. In 1862, the first of Lyon's extensive network of funicular railways began operation.
During World War II, Lyon was a centre for the occupying Nazi forces, including Klaus Barbie, the infamous "Butcher of Lyon". But the city was also a stronghold of the French Resistance – the many secret passages known as traboules enabled people to escape Gestapo raids. On 3 September 1944, Lyon was liberated by the 1st Free French Division and the Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur. The city is now home to a resistance museum.[19][20]
The Rhône and Saône converge to the south of the historic city centre forming a peninsula – the "Presqu'île" – bounded by two large hills to the west and north and a large plain eastward. Place Bellecour is located on the Presqu'île between the two rivers and is the third-largest public square in France. The broad, pedestrian-only Rue de la République leads north from Place Bellecour.
The northern hill is La Croix-Rousse, known as "the hill that works" because it is traditionally home to many small silk workshops, an industry for which the city has long been renowned.[21]
The western hill is the Fourvière, known as "the hill that prays" because it is the location for the basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, several convents, and the residence of the Archbishop. The district, Vieux Lyon, also hosts the Tour métallique (a highly visible TV tower, replicating the last stage of the Eiffel Tower) and one of the city's funicular railways.[22] Fourvière, along with portions of the Presqu'île and much of La Croix-Rousse, is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site.[23]
East of the Rhône from the Presqu'île is a large flat area upon which sits much of modern Lyon and contains most of the city's population. Situated in this area is the urban centre of La Part-Dieu which clusters the landmark structures Tour Part-Dieu, Tour Oxygène, and Tour Swiss Life, as well as the city's primary railway station, Gare de Lyon-Part-Dieu.
North of this district is the sixth arrondissement, which is home to one of Europe's largest urban parks, the Parc de la Tête d'or, as well as Lycée du Parc and Interpol's world headquarters.
Panorama of the inner city of Lyon, taken from the basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière's roof
Lyon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), on the border with of the oceanic climate (Cfb) due to the higher average temperature being around 22 °C.[24] But in modified classifications such as that of Trewartha, France's third largest city has an oceanic climate (Do) as well as elsewhere in the continent and thus eliminating the humid subtropical zone of Europe.[25] The mean temperature in Lyon in the coldest month is 3.2 °C (37.8 °F) in January and in the warmest month in July is 22 °C (71.6 °F). Precipitation is adequate year-round, at an average of 830 mm (32.7 in), but the winter months are the driest. The highest recorded temperature is 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) on 13 August 2003 while the lowest recorded temperature is −24.6 °C (−12.3 °F) on 22 December 1938.[26]
Climate data for Lyon (LYN), elevation: 197 m or 646 ft, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1920–present
(104.9)
(−9.4) −22.5
(13.1) −4.4
(15.1) −24.6
(−12.3) −24.6
(−12.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
9.0 7.8 8.4 9.3 11.3 8.4 6.9 7.1 7.6 10.2 9.0 9.1 104.1
73.9 101.2 170.2 190.5 221.4 254.3 283.0 252.7 194.8 129.6 75.9 54.5 2,001.9
Source: Meteo France,[27][28]
Climate data for Lyon (LYN), elevation: 201 m, 1961-1990 normals and extremes
Mean maximum °C (°F)
Mean minimum °C (°F)
−7.0
(3.2) −23.0
(−9.4)
10.4 9.3 9.7 9.6 10.9 8.2 6.8 8.2 7.3 8.5 8.9 9.8 107.6
Average snowy days
62.6 89.8 147.5 184.2 215.9 250.9 292.6 259.0 208.1 134.3 75.3 55.4 1,975.6
Source #1: NOAA[29]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity)[30]
AdministrationEdit
Main article: Arrondissements of Lyon
Map of the City of Lyon divided into 9 arrondissements
Map of the Metropolis of Lyon (the city of Lyon is in red)
Like Paris and Marseille, the city of Lyon is divided into a number of municipal arrondissements, each of which is identified by a number and has its own council and town hall. Five arrondissements were originally created in 1852, when three neighbouring communes (La Croix-Rousse, La Guillotière, and Vaise) were annexed by Lyon. Between 1867 and 1959, the third arrondissement (which originally covered the whole of the Left Bank of the Rhône) was split three times, creating a new arrondissement in each case. Then, in 1963, the commune of Saint-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe was annexed to Lyon's fifth arrondissement. A year later, in 1964, the fifth was split to create Lyon's 9th – and, to date, final – arrondissement. Within each arrondissement, the recognisable quartiers or neighbourhoods are:
1st arrondissement: Slopes of La Croix-Rousse, Terreaux, Martinière/St-Vincent
2nd arrondissement: Cordeliers, Bellecour, Ainay, Perrache, Confluence, Sainte-Blandine
3rd arrondissement: Guillotière (north), Préfecture, Part-Dieu, Villette, Dauphiné/Sans Souci, Montchat, Grange Blanche (north), Monplaisir (north)
4th arrondissement: Plateau de la Croix-Rousse, Serin
5th arrondissement: Vieux Lyon (Saint-Paul, Saint-Jean, Saint-Georges), Saint-Just, Saint-Irénée,[31] Fourvière, Point du Jour, Ménival, Battières, Champvert (south)
6th arrondissement: Brotteaux, Bellecombe, Parc de la Tête d'or, Cité Internationale
7th arrondissement: Guillotière (south), Jean Macé, Gerland
8th arrondissement: Monplaisir (south), Bachut, États-Unis, Grand Trou/Moulin à Vent, Grange Blanche (south), Laënnec, Mermoz, Monplaisir-la-Plaine
9th arrondissement: Vaise, Duchère, Rochecardon, St-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe, Gorge de Loup, Observance, Champvert (north)
Geographically, Lyon's two main rivers, the Saône and the Rhône, divide the arrondissements into three groups:
To the west of the Saône, the fifth arrondissement covers the old city (Vieux Lyon), Fourvière hill and the plateau beyond. The 9th is immediately to the north, and stretches from Gorge de Loup, through Vaise to the neighbouring suburbs of Écully, Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or and Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or.
Between the two rivers, on the Presqu'île are the second, first, and fourth arrondissements. The second includes most of the city centre, including Bellecour and Perrache railway station, and reaches as far as the confluence of the two rivers. The first is directly to the north of the second and covers part of the city centre (including the Hôtel de Ville) and the slopes of La Croix-Rousse. To the north of the Boulevard is the fourth arrondissement, which covers the Plateau of La Croix-Rousse, up to its boundary with the commune of Caluire-et-Cuire.
To the east of the Rhône, are the third, sixth, seventh, and eighth arrondissements.
MayorsEdit
The lion, symbol of the city, on display at Maison des avocats
Term start
Term end
Antoine Gailleton 1881 1900
Victor Augagneur 1900 30 October 1905 PRS
Édouard Herriot 30 October 1905 20 September 1940 Radical
Georges Cohendy 20 September 1940 1941 Nominated and dismissed by Vichy
Georges Villiers 1941 1942 Nominated and dismissed by Vichy
Pierre-Louis-André Bertrand 1942 1944 Nominated by Vichy
Justin Godart 1944 18 May 1945 Radical
Édouard Herriot 18 May 1945 26 March 1957 Radical
Pierre Montel, ad interim 26 March 1957 14 April 1957 Radical
Louis Pradel 14 April 1957 27 November 1976 Centre-right
Armand Tapernoux, ad interim 27 November 1976 5 December 1976 Independent
Francisque Collomb 5 December 1976 24 March 1989 UDF
Michel Noir 24 March 1989 25 June 1995 RPR
Raymond Barre 25 June 1995 25 March 2001 UDF
Gérard Collomb 25 March 2001 17 July 2017 PS
Georges Képénékian 17 July 2017 5 November 2018 LREM
Gérard Collomb 5 November 2018 Incumbent LREM
Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière
Cultural: (ii)(iv)
1998 (22nd Session)
427 ha (1,060 acres)
Buffer zone
323 ha (800 acres)
Since the Middle Ages, the residents of the region have spoken several dialects of Franco-Provençal. The Lyonnais dialect was replaced by the French language as the importance of the city grew. However some "frenchified" Franco-Provençal words can also be heard in the French of the Lyonnais, who call their little boys and girls "gones" and "fenottes" for example.[32]
The Lumière brothers pioneered cinema in the town in 1895. The Institut Lumière, built as Auguste Lumiere's house, and a fascinating piece of architecture in its own right, holds many of their first inventions and other early cinematic and photographic artefacts.
8 December each year is marked by the Festival of Lights (la Fête des lumières), a celebration of thanks to the Virgin Mary, who purportedly saved the city from a deadly plague in the Middle Ages. During the event, the local population places candles (lumignons) at their windows and the city of Lyon organises impressive large-scale light shows onto the sides of important Lyonnais monuments, such as the mediaeval Cathédrale St-Jean.
The church of Saint Francis of Sales is famous for its large and unaltered Cavaillé-Coll pipe organ, attracting audiences from around the world.
The Opéra Nouvel (New Opera House) is the home of the Opéra National de Lyon. The original opera house was re-designed by the distinguished French architect Jean Nouvel between 1985 and 1993 and is named after him.
Lyon is also the French capital of "trompe l'œil" walls, a very ancient tradition. Many are to be seen around the city. This old tradition is now finding a contemporary expression, for example in the art of Guillaume Bottazzi.[33][34]
The Brothers of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic congregation that operates schools in Europe and North America, was founded in Lyon in 1821.
The African Museum of Lyon is one of the oldest museums situated in Lyon.[35]
The Museum of Resistance and Deportation looks at the various individuals prominent in the Resistance movement in World War II. The building is strongly linked to Klaus Barbie. Lyon sees itself as the centre of the French resistance and many members were shot in Place Bellecour in the town centre. The exhibition is largely a series of mini-biographies of those involved.
The unusual project Lyon Dubai City, a reproduction of some districts of Lyon in Dubai, is a major point for tourism in Lyon.
Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.
UNESCO World Heritage SiteEdit
The Historic Site of Lyon was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. In its designation, UNESCO cited the "exceptional testimony to the continuity of urban settlement over more than two millennia on a site of great commercial and strategic significance."[23] The specific regions comprising the Historic Site include the Roman district and Fourvière, the Renaissance district (Vieux Lyon), the silk district (slopes of Croix-Rousse), and the Presqu'île, which features architecture from the 12th century to modern times.[36] Both Vieux Lyon and the slopes of Croix-Rousse are known for their narrow passageways (named traboules) that pass through buildings and link streets on either side. The first examples of traboules are thought to have been built in Lyon in the 4th century.[37] The traboules allowed the inhabitants to get from their homes to the Saône quickly and allowed the canuts on the Croix-Rousse hill to get from their workshops to the textile merchants at the foot of the hill.
GastronomyEdit
Main article: Lyonnaise cuisine
Lyon has a long and chronicled culinary arts tradition. The noted food critic Curnonsky referred to the city as "the gastronomic capital of the world",[38] a claim repeated by later writers such as Bill Buford.[39] Renowned 3-star Michelin chefs such as Marie Bourgeois[40] and Eugénie Brazier[41] developed Lyonnaise cuisine into a national phenomenon favoured by the French elite; a tradition which Paul Bocuse later turned into a worldwide success.[42]
The bouchon is a traditional Lyonnais restaurant that serves local fare such as sausages, duck pâté or roast pork, along with local wines. Two of France's best known wine-growing regions are located near the city: the Beaujolais region to the north and the Côtes du Rhône region to the south. Another Lyon tradition is a type of brunch food called "mâchons", made of local charcuterie and usually accompanied by Beaujolais red wine. Mâchons were the customary meal of the canuts, the city's silk workers, who ate a late-morning meal after they finished their shifts in the factories.[43]
Other traditional local dishes include coq au vin; quenelle; gras double; salade lyonnaise (lettuce with bacon, croûtons and a poached egg); and the sausage-based rosette lyonnaise and andouillette. Popular local confections include marron glacé and coussin de Lyon. Cervelle de canut (literally, "silk worker's brains") is a cheese spread/dip made of a base of fromage blanc, seasoned with chopped herbs, shallots, salt, pepper, olive oil and vinegar.
More recently, the french tacos was invented in Lyon suburbs in the early 2000s and is now worldwide famous.
SportEdit
Parc Olympique Lyonnais
Lyon is home to the football club Olympique Lyonnais (OL), whose men's team plays in Ligue 1 and has won the championship of that competition seven times, all consecutively from 2002 to 2008).[44] OL played until December 2015 at the 43,000-seat Stade de Gerland, which also hosted matches of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Since 2016, the team has played at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a 59,000-seat stadium located in the eastern suburb of Décines-Charpieu.[45] OL operates a women's team, Olympique Lyonnais Féminin, which competes in and dominates Division 1 Féminine. They are on a streak of 13 top-flight championships (2007–present), and additionally claim the four titles won by the original incarnation of FC Lyon, a women's football club that merged into OL in 2004 (the current FC Lyon was founded in 2009). The OL women have also won the UEFA Women's Champions League five times, including the two most recent editions in 2016 and 2017. Lyon will host the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Semi-Finals as well as the 7 July Final at Stade de Lyon.
Lyon has a rugby union team, Lyon OU, in the Top 14, which moved into Stade de Gerland full-time in 2017–18. In addition, Lyon has a rugby league side called Lyon Villeurbanne that plays in the French rugby league championship. The club's home is the Stade Georges Lyvet in Villeurbanne.
Lyon is also home to the Lyon Hockey Club, an ice hockey team that competes in France's national ice hockey league. The Patinoire Charlemagne is the seat of Club des Sports de Glace de Lyon, the club of Olympic ice dancing champions Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat, and world champions Isabelle Delobel and Olivier Shoenfelder.[46] Villeurbanne also has a basketball team, ASVEL, that plays at the Astroballe arena.
Street artEdit
Since 2000, Birdy Kids, a group of graffiti artists from the city, has decorated several random buildings and walls along the Lyon ring road. In 2012, the artist collective has been chosen to represent the city as its cultural ambassadors.[47]
La Part-Dieu, the city's central business district
The GDP of Lyon was 74 billion euro in 2012,[48] making it the second richest city in France after Paris. Lyon and its region Rhône-Alpes represent one of the most important economies in Europe and, according to Loughborough University, can be compared to Philadelphia, Mumbai or Athens with regard to its international position. The city of Lyon is working in partnership to more easily enable the establishment of new headquarters in the territory (ADERLY, Chambre du commerce et d'industrie, Grand Lyon...). High-tech industries such as biotechnology, software development, video game (Arkane Studios; Ivory Tower; Eden Games; EA France; Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe), and internet services are also growing. Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Lyon is home to the P4-Inserm–ean Merieux Laboratory which conducts top-level vaccine research.[49]
The city is home to the headquarters of many large companies such as Groupe SEB, Sanofi Pasteur, Renault Trucks, Norbert Dentressangle, LCL S.A., Descours & Cabaud, Merial, Point S, BioMérieux, Iveco Bus, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, GL Events, April Group, Boiron, Feu Vert, Panzani, Babolat, Euronews, Lyon Airports, LVL Medical, and inter-governmental agencies IARC, Interpol. The specialisation of some sectors of activities has led to the creation of many main business centres: La Part-Dieu, located in the 3rd arrondissement is the second biggest business quarter after La Défense in Paris with over 1,600,000 m2 (17,222,256.67 sq ft) of office space and services and more than 55,000 jobs.[50] Cité Internationale, created by the architect Renzo Piano is located in the border of the Parc de la Tête d'Or in the 6th arrondissement. The worldwide headquarters of Interpol is located there. The district of Confluence, in the south of the historic centre, is a new pole of economical and cultural development.
Tourism is an important part of the Lyon economy, with one billion euros in 2007 and 3.5 million hotel-nights in 2006 provided by non-residents. Approximately 60% of tourists visit for business, with the rest for leisure. In January 2009, Lyon ranked first in France for hostels business. The festivals most important for attracting tourists are the Fête des lumières, the Nuits de Fourvière every summer, the Biennale d'art contemporain and the Nuits Sonores.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2017)
The population of the city of Lyon proper was 491,268 at the January 2011 census,[1] 14% of whom were born outside Metropolitan France.[51]
Main sightsEdit
AntiquityEdit
Lyon in the background with Fourvière on the left
The Roman ruins on the hillside near the Fourvière Basilica with the Ancient Theatre of Fourvière, the Odeon of Lyon and the accompanying Gallo-Roman Museum;
Amphitheatre of the Three Gauls, Roman ruins of an amphitheatre.
Middle Ages and RenaissanceEdit
Cathedral of St. John
Cathedral of St. John, a medieval church with architectural elements of the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, also the principal religious structure in the city and the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon;
Basilica of St-Martin-d'Ainay, one of the rare surviving Romanesque basilica-style churches in Lyon;
Église Saint-Paul, Romanesque (12th and 13th century) and Gothic (15th–16th century) church;
Église Saint-Bonaventure, 14th- and 15th-century Gothic church;
Église Saint-Nizier, Gothic church from the 15th century, having a doorway carved in the 16th century by Philibert Delorme;
Vieux Lyon (English: Old Lyon) area, Mediaeval and Renaissance quarter of the town, with shops, dining and cobbled streets;
The many Renaissance hôtels particuliers of the Old Lyon quarter, such as the Hôtel de Bullioud, were also built by Philibert Delorme.
17th and 18th centuriesEdit
City Hall towering over the Place des Terreaux
City Hall on the Place des Terreaux, built by architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Robert de Cotte;
Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon, fine arts museum housed in a former convent of the 17th century, including the Baroque chapelle Saint-Pierre;
Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon (17th and 18th century), historical hospital with a baroque chapel;
Temple du Change (17th and 18th century), former stock exchange of Lyon, Protestant temple since the 18th century;
Place Bellecour, one of the largest town squares in Europe;
Chapelle de la Trinité (1622), the first Baroque chapel built in Lyon, and part of the former École de la Trinité, now Collège-lycée Ampère;
Église Saint-Polycarpe (1665–1670), Classical church;
Église Saint-Just (16th to 18th century), Classical church;
Saint-Bruno des Chartreux (17th and 18th century), church, masterpiece of Baroque architecture;
Église Notre Dame Saint-Vincent (18th century), Neo-classical church.
19th century and modern cityEdit
Overview on Lyon during Fête des Lumières
Opéra Nouvel (1831), renovated in 1993 by Jean Nouvel;
Théâtre des Célestins (1877), designed by Gaspard André;
Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, large 19th-century basilica on the top of Fourvière Hill;
Tour métallique de Fourvière (1894);
La Mouche Cattle Market and Abbatoir (1914, 1928), designed by Tony Garnier;
Sainte Marie de La Tourette monastery (1960) designed by Le Corbusier;
Saint-Exupéry International Airport (formerly Satolas Airport), designed by Guillaume Gilbert;
Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry (1994) by Santiago Calatrava;
Palais des congrès de Lyon (1998), designed by Renzo Piano and a group of buildings for various functions;
Tour du Crédit Lyonnais;
Tour Oxygène;
Tour Incity.
Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon (Fine Arts Museum), main museum of the city and one of the largest art galleries in France. Housed in the "Palais Saint Pierre", a former 17th-century convent, it displays a major collection of paintings by artists (including Tintoretto; Paolo Veronese; Nicolas Poussin; Rubens; Rembrandt; Zurbaran; Canaletto; Delacroix; Monet; Gauguin; Van Gogh; Cézanne; Matisse; Picasso; Francis Bacon...); collections of sculptures, drawings and printings, decorative arts, Roman and Greek antiquities; the second largest collection of Egyptian antiquities in France after that of the Louvre; and a medal cabinet of 50.000 medals and coins.
The Gallo-Roman Museum displaying many valuable objects and artworks found on the site of Roman Lyon (Lugdunum) such as Circus Games Mosaic, Coligny calendar and the Taurobolic Altar;
Centre d'histoire de la résistance et de la déportation;
Musée des Confluences, new museum of sciences and anthropology which opened its doors on 20 December 2014.
La Sucrière, contemporary art centre;
Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon houses the "Musée des Hospices Civils", a permanent exhibit tracing the history and practice of medicine from the Middle Ages to modern times;
Musée des Tissus et des Arts décoratifs, decorative arts and textile museum. It holds one of the world's largest textile collections with 2,500,000 works;
Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, contemporary art museum;
Musée de L'imprimerie, printing museum;
Musée Gadagne, museum of the history of Lyon housed in a historic building in Vieux Lyon. Also includes a large collection of marionnettes;
Musée des Automates, museum of automated puppets in Vieux Lyon, open since 1991.
Musée Miniature & Cinéma, museum featuring miniature movie sets, movie props, and special effects.[52]
Parks and gardensEdit
Main article: Parks in Lyon
The lake in the Parc de la Tête d'or
Parc de la Tête d'or, (literally, Golden Head Park), in central Lyon is the largest urban park in France at 117 hectares. Located in the 6th arrondissement, it features a large lake on which boating takes place during the summer months.
Jardin botanique de Lyon (8 hectares), included in the Parc de la Tête d'Or, is a municipal botanical garden and is open weekdays without charge. The garden was established in 1857 as a successor to earlier botanical gardens dating to 1796, and now describes itself as France's largest municipal botanical garden.
Parc de Gerland, in the south of the city (80 hectares);
Parc des hauteurs, in Fourvières;
Parc de Miribel-Jonage (2200 hectares);
Parc de Lacroix-Laval (115 hectares);
Parc de Parilly (178 hectares).
Universities and tertiary educationEdit
Lumière University
Jean Moulin University
École Centrale de Lyon;
EM Lyon (École de Management de Lyon);
ECE Lyon (École de Commerce Européenne de Lyon);
Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (Sciences Po Lyon);
CPE Lyon;
ECAM Lyon (École Catholique d'Arts et Métiers de Lyon);
EPITECH;
EPITA;
ENTPE (École Nationale des Travaux Publiques de l'État);
ESME-Sudria;
École des Beaux-Arts;
E-Artsup;
INSA Lyon (Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon);
Polytech Lyon;
Institut supérieur européen de gestion group;
ISARA (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône Alpes);
Institution des Chartreux;
Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées;
Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1);
Université Lumière (Lyon 2);
Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3);
IAE (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Lyon);
Catholic University of Lyon;
ESDES Business School;
IDRAC (International School of Management);
Wesford Graduate Business School;
IFAG (Business Management School);
Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action;
Le Lycée du Parc;
La Martiniere Lyon;
Web@cademie;
CEESO (Centre Européen d'Enseignement Supérieur de l'Ostéopathie);
Bellecour, Ecoles D'Arts.
IPSA Lyon Campus
Primary and secondary schoolsEdit
There are some international private schools in the Lyon area, including:
Cité Scolaire Internationale de Lyon or the Lycée de Gerland;
Includes the Section Japonaises (リヨン・ジェルラン補習授業校 Riyon Jeruran Hoshū Jugyō Kō "Lyon Gerland Japanese Supplementary School"), which the Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT) counts as a part-time Japanese supplementary school[53]
Ombrosa;
International School of Lyon in nearby Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon;
Montessori School of Lyon.
Supplementary educationEdit
Other Japanese supplementary schools:
The Association Pour le Developpement de la Langue et de la Culture Japonaises (ADLCJ; リヨン補習授業校 Riyon Hoshū Jugyō Kō) is held in the Maison Berty Albrecht in Villeurbanne, near Lyon.[53] It was formed in 1987.[54] It serves Japanese expatriate children who wish to continue their Japanese education whilst abroad.
TransportEdit
Further information: Lyon Metro, Lyon tramway, Trolleybuses in Lyon, Buses in Lyon, Transport in Rhône-Alpes, and TER Rhône Alpes
Network of highways around Lyon
Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport, located east of Lyon, serves as a base for domestic and international flights. It is a key transport facility for the entire Rhône-Alpes region, with coach links to other cities in the area. The in-house train station Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry connects the airport to the nationwide TGV network. The Rhônexpress tram monopoly links the airport with the business quarter of La Part Dieu in less than 30 minutes, and offers connections with Underground A & B, Tramway T1, T3 & T4, and bus lines. Lyon public transport Sytral offers no service despite a bus service operating to a nearby suburb. The regular price of public transport is €1.90, as opposed to €15 one way for the Rhonexpress. In the suburb of Bron, the smaller Lyon-Bron Airport provides an alternative for domestic aviation.
Lyon has two major railway stations: Lyon Part-Dieu, which was built to accommodate the TGV, and Lyon Perrache, an older station that now provides mostly regional service. Smaller railway stations include Gorge-de-Loup, Vaise, Vénissieux, Saint-Paul and Jean Macé. Lyon was the first city to be connected to Paris by the TGV in 1981. Since that time the TGV train network has expanded and links Lyon directly to Perpignan, Toulouse, Nice, Marseille, Strasbourg, Nantes and Lille. International trains operate directly to Madrid, Barcelona, Milan, Turin, Geneva, Frankfurt, Luxembourg, Brussels and London.
The city is at the heart of a dense road network and is located at the meeting point of several highways: A6 (to Paris); A7 (to Marseille); A42 (to Geneva); and A43 (to Grenoble). The city is now bypassed by the A46. A double motorway tunnel passes under Fourvière, connecting the A6 and the A7 autoroutes, both forming the "Autoroute du Soleil".
Lyon is served by the Eurolines intercity coach organisation. Its Lyon terminal is located at the city's Perrache railway station, which serves as an intermodal transportation hub that also includes tramways, local and regional trains and buses, the terminus of Metro line A, of the Tramway T2, the bicycle service Vélo'v, and taxis.
Public transport map
The Transports en commun lyonnais (TCL), Lyon's public transit system, consisting of metro, tramways and buses, serves 62 communes of the Lyon metropolis. The metro network has four lines ( A B C D ), 42 stations, and runs with a frequency of up to a train every 2 minutes. There are five Lyon tram lines ( T1 T2 T3 T4 T5) since April 2009: T1 from Debourg in the south to IUT-Feyssine in the north, Tram T2 from Perrache railway station to Saint-Priest in the south-east, Tram T3 from Part-Dieu to Meyzieu, Tram T4 from 'Hôptial Feyzin Venissieux' to Gaston Berger. Tram T5 from Grange Blanche, in the south-east to Eurexpo in the south-wast. The Lyon bus network consists of the Lyon trolleybus system, motorbuses, and coaches for areas outside the centre. There are also two funicular lines from Vieux Lyon to Saint-Just and Fourvière. The ticketing system is relatively simple as the city has only one public transport operator, the SYTRAL.
The public transit system has been complemented since 2005 by Vélo'v, a bicycle network providing a low-cost service where bicycles can be hired and returned at any of 340 stations throughout the city. Borrowing a bicycle for less than 30 minutes is free. Free rental time can be extended for another 30 minutes at any station. Lyon was the first city in France to introduce this bicycle renting system. In 2011 the Auto'lib car rental service was introduced; it works much the same way as the Velo'v but for cars.
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Lyon on a weekday is 45 minutes. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 11 min, while 17% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.7 km, while 4% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[55]
Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission "Intercultural cities" program.[56]
Lyon is twinned with:[57]
Aleppo, Syria[57]
Beersheba, Israel[57]
Beirut, Lebanon [57][58]
Birmingham, United Kingdom, since 1951[57][59][60]
Craiova, Romania, since 1992[57]
Frankfurt am Main, Germany, since 1960[57][61]
Guangzhou, China, since 1988[57][62]
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, since 1997[57][63]
Leipzig, Germany, since 1981[57][64]
Łódź, Poland, since 1991[57][65]
Milan, Italy, since 1966[57][66]
Minsk, Belarus, since 1976[57][67]
Montréal, Canada, since 1979[57]
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso[57]
Pécs, Hungary[57]
Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1993[57][68]
Samarkand, Uzbekistan, since 2010
St. Louis, United States, since 1975[57]
Turin, Italy[57][69]
Yerevan, Armenia, since 1992[57][70]
Yokohama, Japan, since 1959[57][71]
Geography portal
Europe portal
France portal
Gallia Lugdunensis
List of movies set in Lyon
List of people from Lyon
List of streets and squares in Lyon
^ A war cry from 1269, spelt in modern Franco-Provençal as Avant, Avant, Liyon lo mèlyor.
^ Traditionally spelled in English Lyons and in this case alternatively pronounced /ˈlaɪənz/.[6][7]
^ a b c "Séries historiques des résultats du recensement – Commune de Lyon (69123)". INSEE.
^ a b "Dossier complet - Aire urbaine de Lyon". INSEE. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
^ "Lyons". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
^ a b "Lyon". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
^ "Lyons". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
^ Granger, Bill (14 June 1987). "What´s In A Name? Well, Excuuuuse Us, Nueva York, But We Shakawgoans Know". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
^ "Lyon entrepreneurship, Lyon company, Invest Lyon – Greater Lyon". Business.greaterlyon.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
^ "The World According to GaWC 2018".
^ https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/quality-of-living-rankings
^ Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 46: Lepidus and Lucius Plancus [...] founded the town called Lugudunum, now known as Lugdunum
^ Louis, Jaucourt de chevalier (1765). Lyon.
^ Lugduno – desiderato monte: dunum enim montem Lugduno: "mountain of yearning"; dunum of course is mountain. www.maryjones.us/ctexts/endlicher_glossary.html
^ "Saint Irenaeus". Sanctoral.com. Magnificat.
^ "2847-Primat des Gaules". France-catholique.fr. 13 September 2002.
^ Braudel 1984 p. 327
^ Pierre Edmond DESVIGNES. "Quartier renaissance Lyon : Vieux Lyon, quartier ancien et secteur sauvegarde Lyon". Vieux-lyon.org. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
^ "CHRD Lyon". Chrd.lyon.fr. 2017.
^ Cosgrove, Michael (4 June 2009). "Lyon: The Resistance and Deportation Museum". Digitaljournal.com.
^ ‹See Tfd›(in French) Georges Duby (ed), Histoire de la France : Dynasties et révolutions, de 1348 à 1852 (vol. 2), Larousse, 1999 p. 53 ISBN 2-03-505047-2
^ "Lyon, France: Local Transport". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
^ a b "Historic Site of Lyons". unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
^ Gregory, Stanley. “Climatic Classification and Climatic Change (Klimaklassifikation Und Klimaänderung).” Erdkunde, vol. 8, no. 4, 1954, pp. 246–252. JSTOR.
^ "Trewartha climate classification world map".
^ "Données climatiques de la station de Lyon: Relevés de 2016 – Lyon" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^ "Climatological Information for Lille, France". Meteo France. 14 February 2019.
^ "Lyon-Bron (69)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
^ "Lyon–Bron (07480) - WMO Weather Station". NOAA. Retrieved 8 February 2019. Archived February 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Normes et records 1961–1990: Lyon-Bron (69) – altitude 198m" (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
^ "St-Irénée – France". sacred-destinations.com.
^ Jean-Baptiste Onofrio : Essai d'un glossaire des patois de Lyonnais, Forez et Beaujolais, Lyon 1864
^ "Pierre Alain Muet Archives 2008". Pa-muet.com. 17 June 2008. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
^ "Bottazzi fait le mur". Brefonline.Com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
^ "The African Museum of Lyon Website". Musee-africain-lyon.org. Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
^ UNESCO World Heritage Site Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. City of Lyon official website. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
^ Perret, Aurelie. "Les traboules de Lyon". histoire-pour-tous.fr. SF Webmedia. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
^ Curnonsky, Marcel E. Grancher (1935). Lyon, capitale mondiale de la gastronomie. Editions Lugdunum. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ Buford, Bill (12 February 2011). "Why Lyon is food capital of the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ "Priay Il y a 80 ans " La mère Bourgeois " obtenait 3 étoiles". leprogres.fr. Le Progres. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ "Histoire de la gastronomie 2/4". franceculture.fr. Radio France. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ Gaudry, François-Régis. "Paul Bocuse: derniers secrets du "pape" de la gastronomie française". lexpress.fr. Groupe Express-Roularta. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ "Cuisine et boissons Lyon et ses environs". routard.com. Cyberterre / Hachette tourisme. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ "Avant d'être une compétition, le Trophée des champions est une vitrine pour la Ligue 1". webfootballclub.fr. Web Football Club. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
^ Joly, Maxime. "Le Grand Stade de Lyon pourrait rapporter 70 millions d'euros par an à l'OL". lefigaro.fr. Le Figaro. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
^ "Lyon 2e : 60 ans de sport de glace". leprogres.fr. Le Progres. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
^ "Birdy Kids – cultural ambassador of Lyon". lyon.fr. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
^ www.lyon-business.org. "Chiffres-clés Lyon & sa région" (PDF) (in French).
^ "Le laboratoire P4, ménagerie virale". Le Monde. France. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
^ "Official site of Lyon". Grandlyon.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
^ "Le nouveau profil de la population active immigrée". Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques.
^ https://www.museeminiatureetcinema.fr/en/
^ a b "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved on 10 May 2014. Cite Scolaire: "Cité Scolaire Internationale, 2 place de Montréal,69361 LYON CEDEX 07 FRANCE" and Lyon: "Maison Berty Albrecht 14, Place Grandclement, 69100 Viueurbanne, FRANCE"
^ Home page. Association Pour le Developpement de la Langue et de la Culture Japonaises. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
^ "Lyon Public Transportation Statistics". Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^ Council of Europe (2011). "Intercultural city: Lyon, France". coe.int. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". Mairie de Lyon. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
^ "Twinning the Cities". City of Beirut. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
^ "Partner Cities". Birmingham City Council. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
^ "Frankfurt am Main: Lyon". City of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
^ "Guangzhou Sister Cities[via WaybackMachine.com]". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
^ "Twin sisters with Ho Chi Minh City" (in Vietnamese). Department of Foreign Affairs, Ho Chi Minh City.
^ "Leipzig – International Relations". © 2009 Leipzig City Council, Office for European and International Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
^ "Miasta partnerskie – Urząd Miasta Łodzi [via WaybackMachine.com]". City of Łódź (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
^ "Lione". 2015 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano). Retrieved 14 June 2016.
^ "Twin towns and Sister cities of Minsk [via WaybackMachine.com]" (in Russian). The department of protocol and international relations of Minsk City Executive Committee. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
^ "Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties". Saint Petersburg City Government. Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
^ Pessotto, Lorenzo. "International Affairs – Twinnings and Agreements". International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico. City of Torino. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
^ "Yerevan – Partner Cities". Yerevan Municipality Official Website. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
^ "Official Yokohama City Tourism Website: Sister Cities". Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lyon.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lyon.
Official website‹See Tfd›(in French)
Visit Lyon, the official website for tourism in France
Lyon Tourist Office and Convention Bureau
Lyon’s English Language News and Information
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyon&oldid=905490409"
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Order of the Red Banner of Labour
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (Russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, romanized: Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, health, social and other spheres of labour activities. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order. The Order of the Red Banner of Labour began solely as an award of the Russian SFSR on December 28, 1920. The all-Union equivalent was established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 7, 1928[1] and approved by another decree on September 15, 1928.[2] The Order's statute and regulations were modified by multiple successive decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on May 7, 1936,[3] on June 19, 1943,[4] on March 28, 1980,[5] and on July 18, 1980.[6]
Order of the Red Banner of Labour (obverse), type 2 post 1943
Awarded by the Soviet Union
Single-grade order
Soviet and foreign citizens. Institutions including factories
Awarded for
Accomplishments in labour, the civil service, literature, the arts and sciences
No longer awarded
First awarded
Last awarded
Total awarded
Order of the Red Banner
Ribbon of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Reverse of a post 1943 type 2 Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Olympic gold medalist figure skater Irina Rodnina, twice recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Award statuteEdit
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour can be awarded to citizens of the USSR, to businesses, associations, institutions, organizations, and allied autonomous republics, territories, autonomous regions, districts, cities and other localities; it may also be awarded to persons who are not citizens of the USSR, as well as to enterprises, institutions and organizations located in foreign countries:[1][5]
for great achievements in the development of industry, agriculture, farming, construction, transport and other sectors of the economy, to improve the efficiency of social production;
for the highest growth rates in labour productivity, improved product quality, development and introduction of more advanced manufacturing processes;
for consistently high results in the implementation and overfulfillment of planned assignments and socialist obligations undertaken;
for major advances in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of livestock breeding, increasing manufacturing output and sales of state agricultural products;
for contributions in the development of science and technology, the introduction of the latest achievements in the national economy, for inventions and innovations which are of great technical - economic significance;
for contributions in strengthening national defense;
for very fruitful activities in Soviet culture, literature and the arts;
for contributions in education and communist political education to the younger generations, in highly specialised training, health, trade, catering, housing, utilities, housing, public services;
for special achievements in the development of physical culture and Sports;
for important achievements in the field of state and public activities, the strengthening of socialist legality and the rule of law;
for great achievements in economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between the USSR and other states.[1][5]
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour could be awarded multiple times to the same recipient for successive deeds and long time merit.[3]
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was worn on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other awards of the USSR, was located immediately after the Order of the Red Banner.[1] If worn in the presence of Orders or medals of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.[7]
Award descriptionEdit
The design of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour evolved over the years. Its original design, called "type 1" was amended in 1936, this new variant will be identified as "type 2".
Type 1Edit
The "type 1" Order consisted of a 38 mm wide by 43 mm high silver badge in the shape of a cogwheel, at center, a disc bordered along its entire outer diameter by panicles of wheat. Protruding from under the lower half of the central disc, a red enamelled triangle pointing downwards. On the central disc in the background, a hydro electric dam, at center, a gilded hammer and sickle, at the top, a waving red banner bearing the inscription "Proletarians of the World, unite!" (Russian: “Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!”). At the very bottom of the cogwheel, the relief inscription "USSR" (Russian: “СССР”) on a stylised horizontal shield bisected by a smaller cogwheel meshing into the larger one. On the otherwise plain reverse, a recess at center bearing a threaded post, two rivets used to secure the hammer and sickle and the award serial number engraved on the lower portion opposite the "USSR" inscription. The Order was secured to clothing with a threaded screw and nut arrangement. The earlier nuts were 28 mm in diameter, later ones measured 32 mm.
The "type 2" Order also consisted of a silver badge in the shape of a cogwheel, it measured 38 mm wide by 44 mm high. On the lower circumference of the cogwheel, the relief inscription "Proletarians of the World, unite!" (Russian: “Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!”), below the cogwheel, a red enamelled relief five pointed star superimposed on a shield from which four short panicles of wheat protrude left and right. At the center, a disc surrounded by a gilded wreath of oak leaves bearing the relief image of a hydro electric dam, below the dam, blue enamelled water, at the center of the disc, the gilded hammer and sickle, from the inner left side of the disc, a gilded mast bearing a waving red enamelled banner protruding from the central disc, covering the upper portion of the cogwheel and protruding past its outer upper edge on which "USSR" (Russian: “СССР”) is inscribed in gilded letters. Along the outer circumference of the central disc's wreath, white enamelled slots spaced equally on the cogwheel. On the otherwise plain reverse, a concave recess at center bearing a threaded post, eight rivets (only three rivets on the post 1943 variant) used to secure the various parts to the badge and the award serial number engraved on the lower portion below the recess. The Order was secured to clothing with a threaded screw and a 33 mm in diameter nut until 1943 when it was secured by a ring through the medal suspension loop to a pentagonal mount covered by an overlapping 24 mm wide light blue silk moiré ribbon with 4 mm wide dark blue edge stripes.[4]
Type 1 obverse
Recipients (partial list)Edit
The individuals listed below were recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.[8][9]
The first recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the RSFSR was Nikita Menchukov for saving an important bridge from being destroyed by flowing ice.
Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the USSR number 1 was presented to the Putilov (later Kirov) Works in Leningrad. The first individual awardees were V. Fedetov, A. Shelagin and M. Kyatkovsky for the rescue of a polar expedition.
Mikhail Gorbachev received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for harvesting a record crop on his family's collective farm in 1949 at age 17, an honor which was very rare for someone so young. He is one of the Order's youngest recipients.
Six-time recipientsEdit
Belyaev, Nikolay Maksimovich, founder and head of the optical industry
Protazanov, Alexander Konstantinovich, first secretary of the East Kazakhstan Party organisation
Smelyakov, Nicholaï Nicholaevich, Minister of General Machine Building of the USSR, director of the factory "Red Sormovo"
Five-time recipientsEdit
Green, Arnold Carlovich, Soviet diplomat, Party and State figure
Leontovich, Mikhail Alexandrovich, physicist and academician
Alekseenko, Gennady Vasil'evich, a specialist in the field of energy
Belov, Aleksandr Fedorovich, academician (metallurgy)
Vlasov, Pavel Semenovich, Hero of Socialist Labour, director of the Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant
Grafov, Leonid Efimovich, Deputy Minister of the Coal Industry
GrishinIvan Timofeevich, Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade
Gundobin, Nikolai Alekseevich, Hero of Socialist Labour, 1st Deputy Minister of Transport of the USSR
Dokukin, Aleksandr Viktorovich, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Il'ichev, Leonid Fedorovich, secretary of the CPSU Central Committee
Karlov, Vladimir Alekseevich, Hero of Socialist Labour, department head of the CPSU Central Committee
Kurchatov, Boris Vasil'evich, doctor of chemical sciences
Maletin, Pavel Andreevich, Deputy Minister of Finance of the USSR (1939–1945, 1960–1969)
Petukhov, Konstantin Dmitrievich, Hero of Socialist Labour, General Director of PEMSO "Dynamo"
Rasizade, Shamil Alievich, deputy prime-minister of Azerbaijan SSR (1970–1984)
Romanov, Alexei Vladimirovich, editor of the newspaper "Soviet Culture"
Sosnov, Ivan Dmitrievich, Minister of Transport Construction of the USSR
Tamara Khanum, People's Artist of USSR (1956), Uzbek dancer
Chibisov, Konstantin, Corresponding Member of USSR Academy of Sciences (1946)
Four-time recipientsEdit
Gamzatov, Rasul Gamzatovich, poet
Revutskyi, Levko Mykolajovych, composer, teacher, and activist
Orujev, Sabit Atayevich, Deputy Prime-minister of Azerbaijan SSR (1957–1959)
Balanchivadze, Andreï Melitonovich, composer
Voss, Augusts Eduardovich, politician and party functionary
Dudinskaya, Natalia Mikhailovna, prima ballerina
Kapp, Eugen Arturovich, composer and music educator
Patriarch Alexy I, patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
Ulánova, Galina Sergeyevna, prima ballerina
Three-time recipientsEdit
Chernenko, Konstantin Ustinovich, fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich, fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Frumkin, Alexander Naumovich, electrochemist, Hero of Socialist Labour
Yakovlev, Alexander Nikolaevich, politician and historian
Chukhrai, Grigori Naumovich, film director and screenwriter
Begaliev, Sopubek Begalievich, politician
Kapelyushnikov, Matvei Alkunovich, mechanical engineer, Hero of Socialist Labour
Flyorov, Georgy Nikolayevich, nuclear physicist
Piotrovsky, Boris Borisovich, academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist
Khalatnikov, Isaak Markovich, physicist
Taitz, Max Arkadyevich, scientist in aerodynamics, theory of jet engines and flight testing of aircraft, one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute, recipient of the Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953), Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR
Two-time recipientsEdit
Tupolev, Andrei Nikolayevich, aircraft designer
Feoktistov, Konstantin Petrovich, cosmonaut and eminent space engineer
Khachaturian, Aram Ilyich, composer
Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich, theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate
Kollontai, Alexandra Mikhailovna, first female government minister in Europe, one of the first female diplomats in modern times[10]
Khrennikov, Tikhon Nikolayevich, composer and pianist
Zel'dovich, Yakov Borisovich, physicist
Ryzhkov, Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, politician
Rodnina, Irina Konstantinovna, Olympic gold medalist figure skater
Züleyxa Seyidməmmədova, fighter pilot
Ilyushin, Vladimir Sergeyevich, test pilot
Vorontsov, Yuli Mikhailovich diplomat and ambassador
Arkady Ilyich Ostashev laureate of the Lenin and state prizes of the, senior test pilot of missiles and space-rocket complexes of OKB-1, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.
Dimitri Venediktov Deputy Health Minister of the USSR
Single awardsEdit
Yefim Davidovich Shlyak, Engineer
Leila Abashidze, actor and writer
Alexandrov, Pavel Sergeyevich, mathematician
Chernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovich, Prime Minister of Russia (1992–1998)
Clementine Churchill[11]
Glafira Dorosh, chef, the only recipient of a Soviet order for a recipe
Dyomin, Lev Stepanovich, cosmonaut
Ivan Gevorkian, prominent Soviet Armenian surgeon and scientist.
Anatoly Karpov, World Chess Champion
Marcus Klingberg, Israeli scientist and Soviet spy
Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist and evolutionary biologist.
Jack Littlepage, US mining expert and Soviet Deputy Commissar
Vladimir Lobashev, physicist
Mil, Mikhail Leontyevich, aerospace engineer
Sergei Orlov (sculptor), sculptor and painter
Nicolay Paskevich, painter
Ivan Poddubny, professional wrestler
Primakov, Yevgeny Maksimovich, Speaker of the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Rogozov, Leonid, physician who took part in the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1960–1961
Arnold Rüütel, ex-president of Estonia
Semyonov, Nikolay Nikolayevich, physicist and chemist
Lyudmila Shevtsova - athlete, Olympic champion and 800 m world record holder
Mikhail Shuisky, opera singer
Shukshin, Vasily Makarovich, actor, writer, screenwriter and film director
Tsukerman, Vladimir Moiseevich, orientologist-practitioner, diplomat in Central Asia and Iran, Head of the Middle Eastern and First Eastern Departments
Yakovlev, Alexander Sergeyevich, aeronautical engineer
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Aleksandrovich, poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, actor, editor, and film director
Institutions, organisations, localitiesEdit
Komsomol
Vilnius University
City of Kovrov
City of Mykolaiv
City of Podolsk
Bolshevichka clothes factory
Zvyazda state newspaper
East Siberian Railway
National Library of Russia
Kuban State University of Technology
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
8th Soviet Rifle Division
Crimean Medical Institute
Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Works, in 1978
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union portal
^ a b c d "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 7, 1928" (in Russian). Russian WikiSource. 1928-09-07. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 15, 1928" (in Russian). Russian WikiSource. 1928-09-15. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ a b "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1936" (in Russian). Legal Library of the USSR. 1936-05-07. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ a b "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943" (in Russian). Legal Library of the USSR. 1943-06-19. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ a b c "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980" (in Russian). Legal Library of the USSR. 1980-03-28. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 18, 1980 № 2523-X" (in Russian). Legal Library of the USSR. 1980-07-18. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010 No 1099" (in Russian). Russian Gazette. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
^ "List of recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour compiled from ru.Wikipedia". Russian Wikipedia. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ "List of recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour compiled from en.Wikipedia". English Wikipedia. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 270. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
^ Winston S. Churchill. The Second World War. VI. p. 421. ISBN 0-14-008616-1.
Legal Library of the USSR
The Russian Gazette
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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Frankenwald
< 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
←Frankenthal
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 11
Frankfort (Indiana)→
See also Franconian Forest on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
18284711911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 11 — Frankenwald
FRANKENWALD, a mountainous district of Germany, forming the geological connexion between the Fichtelgebirge and the Thuringian Forest. It is a broad well-wooded plateau, running for about 30 m. in a north-westerly direction, descending gently on the north and eastern sides towards the Saale, but more precipitously to the Bavarian plain in the west, and attaining its highest elevation in the Kieferle near Steinheid (2900 ft.). Along the centre lies the watershed between the basins of the Main and the Saale, belonging to the systems of the Rhine and Elbe respectively. The principal tributaries of the Main from the Frankenwald are the Rodach and Hasslach, and of the Saale, the Selbitz.
See H. Schmid, Führer durch den Frankenwald (Bamberg, 1894);
Meyer, Thüringen und der Frankenwald (15th ed., Leipzig, 1900), and Gümbel, Geognostische Beschreibung des Fichtelgebirges mit dem
Frankenwald (Gotha, 1879).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Frankenwald&oldid=5417433"
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Borlase, John (DNB00)
(Redirected from Borlase, Sir John (DNB00))
←Borlase, Henry
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 05
Borlase, John
by Charles Harding Firth
Borlase, William→
1313326Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 05
Borlase, JohnCharles Harding Firth1886
BORLASE, Sir JOHN (d. 1649), soldier, was bred a soldier in the wars of the Low Countries, where he served with distinction before the truce in 1608. He also served in Sir Horace Vere's expedition to the Palatinate in 1620 (Rushworth, i. 15), and is mentioned as one of the commanders of the 6,000 English who were serving in the United Provinces in 1626 (Rushworth, i. 421). In 1633 he was appointed master of the ordinance in Ireland, apparently on the recommendation of Stratford, who had a high opinion of him (Strafford's Correspondence, i. 113–197, ii. 108–204). Lord Dillon and Sir William Parsons were appointed lords justices in 1640, but Dillon being considered dangerous as the brother-in-law of Strafford, Borlase was appointed in his room, ‘by the importunity of the Irish committee then at court’ (Nalson, iii. 564). This post he seems to have been unfit to fill, for though a good soldier, he understood nothing else, and had now grown old and indolent. As lord justice he gave himself very little trouble about the exercise of his authority, and left all to his colleague, Sir William Parsons (Carte's Life of Ormonde, bk. iii. 66). Sir John Temple, however, gives a much more favourable account of Borlase's government (History of the Irish Rebellion, p. 13). In April 1643 Sir Henry Tichborne became Borlase's colleague in place of Parsons, and nine months later (21 Jan. 1644) both were superseded by the appointment of the Marquis of Ormonde as lord-lieutenant. Borlase continued to hold the post of muster of the ordnance till his death in the spring of 1649. In the ‘Journals’ of the House of Commons for 17 March 1649 he is spoken of as lately deceased. His estate had so suffered during the rebellion that Lady Borlase was obliged to apply to parliament for money to defray her husband's funeral and for her own support (Journals, 13 June 1649; see also the subsequent petitions of his family in the Domestic State Papers of the Commonwealth).
[Carte's Life of Ormonde; Stratford Correspondence; Rushworth's Historical Collections; Borlase's History of the Irish Rebellion. Gilbert's History of the Irish Confederation contains a collection of Borlase's official letters.]
C. H. F.
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The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Davies, Hon. Sir Matthew Henry
< The Dictionary of Australasian Biography
←Davies, Hon. John Mark
The Dictionary of Australasian Biography by Philip Mennell
Davies, Hon. Sir Matthew Henry
Davies, Rowland Lyttleton Archer→
sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
1366427The Dictionary of Australasian Biography — Davies, Hon. Sir Matthew HenryPhilip Mennell
Davies, Hon. Sir Matthew Henry, M.L.A., ex-Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Victoria, is the son of Ebenezer Davies and Ruth his wife, daughter of Mark Bartlett, of Bracknell, Berks, England, and grandson of the Rev. John Davies, of Trevecca College, South Wales. He was born at Geelong in 1850, and educated at the Geelong College, and matriculated at the Melbourne University in 1869. He was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court of Victoria in 1875, and married Elizabeth Locke, eldest daughter of the Rev. Peter Mercer, D.D., of Melbourne, Presbyterian minister. For five years he was hon. secretary to the Council of the Law Institute of Victoria, and is a J.P. for the central bailiwick. He was mayor of the city of Prahran in 1881–2; represented the electoral district of St. Kilda in the Legislative Assembly from 1883 to 1888; was a member of the Royal Commission on Transfer of Land and Titles to Land in 1885; was sworn of the Executive Council in Feb. 1886, and held a portfolio in the Gillies-Deakin Government as a Minister without responsible office from that date till Oct. 1887. Sir Matthew visited England in connection with the Colonial and Indian Exhibition while a member of the Victorian Government, 1886–7. He was Chairman of the Royal Commission on Banking in 1887, and was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in Oct. 1887. He was Chairman of the Royal Commission on the Electric Lighting and Ventilation of the Parliament Houses in 1888; Executive Commissioner and a Vice-President of the Centennial International Exhibition, held in Melbourne in 1888; was returned unopposed for the electoral district of Toorak in 1889, and unanimously re-elected Speaker in the same year. He was knighted in 1890, and he gave the munificent sum of £10,000 to the Imperial Institute and other public objects in the Jubilee year of the Queen's reign. Sir Matthew Davies held the Speakership up to the General Election in April 1892, when he retired from Parliament.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Dictionary_of_Australasian_Biography/Davies,_Hon._Sir_Matthew_Henry&oldid=4030660"
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2018 - 74th General Assembly - Salta, Argentina Resolutions
Oct 19 to 22
WHEREAS, the Host Committee led by Sergio Romero, with the support of the executives of the newspaper El Tribuno de Salta, together with the members of the committee, Clarín, La Nación, Infobae, El Liberal de Santiago del Estero, Crónica, de Buenos Aires, La Gaceta de Tucumán and El Día de La Plata;
WHEREAS, the following companies offered their generous support to the 74th General Assembly, Brightspot, Google, Pan American Energy, Edesa, Marfeel, Nueva Prensa de Oriente, the Presidency of the Nation, the Secretary of Tourism of the Nation and The New York Times, as well as the Catholic University of Argentina UCA, Mustang Cloud, Swiss Medical, Future Brank, Palau, Triunfo Seguros and the Catholic University of Salta UCASAL and the University of San Pablo Tucumán.
WHEREAS, at the first session of the 74th General Assembly, IAPA President Gustavo Mohme, the Chairman of the Committee on Freedom of the Press and Information Roberto Rock and former IAPA President Danilo Arbilla introduced the participants of the Digital Declaration that updates the fundamental principles of freedom of expression in the new information age and that IAPA Executive Director Ricardo Trotti, before and during the meeting, worked towards a consensus on the text of the declaration;
WHEREAS, the former president of the Supreme Court of the Argentine Nation, Ricardo Lorenzetti, spoke on the Challenges of Justice in the Digital Age and the session was conducted by the prestigious constitutional lawyer Gregorio Badeni;
WHEREAS, during the 74th General Assembly Opening Ceremony, the President of the Host Committee, Sergio Ramírez, was in charge of the opening words of welcome and, after the report of the President of the IAPA, Gustavo Mohme, the National Secretary of Communication of Ecuador, Andrés Michelena, presented a greeting to the assembly and to Gustavo Mohme from the president of Ecuador, and that in the same opening ceremony, the governor of Buenos Aires, María Eugenia Vidal and the governor of Salta, Juan Manuel Urtubey, also took the floor;
WHEREAS, in Friday's first seminar, Carla Zanoni of The Wall Street Journal and Carlos Jornet of La Voz del Interior in Córdoba, Argentina, illustrated the participants about the handling of new audiences and content, with Eduardo Suñol, Perfect Sense, of Reston, Virginia, as moderator;
WHEREAS, the manager of La Nación Data, Ricardo Brom, offered a magnificent dissertation on the use of data in the creation of new types of digital content and that Fernando Gómez Carpintero, from Protecmedia, Madrid, Spain, also had an outstanding participation as moderator;
WHEREAS, with the Video Format Monetization seminar, Andrés Mompotes of El Tiempo from Bogotá, Colombia, Carolina Bertoni of YouTube, Argentina and Julieta Shama of Facebook, Argentina, managed to capture the attention of the audience due to their knowledge of the topics and, in addition, Ernesto Kraiselburd, El Día, La Plata, was the moderator;
WHEREAS, in an unforgettable reception held Friday night at the San Francisco de Salta Convent, which included a recital by the city's Symphony Orchestra, and that the president of the National Communications Agency of Argentina ENACOM, Silvana Giudici, was in charge of the words of welcome and that later a very productive dialogue was propitiated with the Secretary of Tourism of the nation, José Gustavo Santos and that the Bodega Agustín Lanús Wine provided excellent wines to complement the evening;
WHEREAS, during the Parallel Activity at the Salta Convention Center, the Latin American Council for Accreditation of Teaching in Journalism (CLAEP) held a panel on fake news and its repercussion on journalism schools, with the participation of Ursula Freundt of UPC Peru, María Elena Vivas, University of Antioquia, Colombia, and Octavio Islas of the University of the Hemispheres of Ecuador;
WHEREAS, in Friday's second student panel, Juan Manuel Lucero, leader of Google News Labs in Argentina, led a workshop on advanced information search, information verification and sources;
WHEREAS, on Saturday's panel titled ¨La Crisis in Venezuela and Nicaragua¨, Gilberto Urdaneta of El Regional de Zulia, Ciudad Ojeda, Venezuela, delivered a passionate defense of journalism under the most adverse circumstances on the part of the government, and then Douglas Carcache, El Nuevo Diario, Managua, Nicaragua, and Miguel Mora of 100% Noticias, also from Nicaragua, impressed the participants with their accounts of the persecution and violent repression that that nation has been experiencing since mid-April;
WHEREAS, the master of American journalism, Bob Woodward, appeared before the 74th Assembly via videoconference from Washington, D.C., and for more than an hour discussed with participants the difficulties of modern journalism and provided advice to editors and young journalists who had access to the session, and the University of Miami adjunct professor, Joseph B. Treaster, was in charge of the presentation by the outstanding journalist;
WHEREAS, at lunch on Saturday the Argentine winemakers Francisco ¨Pancho¨ Lavaque, Raúl Dávalos, Agustín Lanús and Francisco ¨Paco¨Puga, spoke about the famous wine industry in the Salta region and Argentina;
WHEREAS, during the presentation "Journalism in the Digital Age", Daniel Hadad, director and founder of Inofobae, spoke about the evolution of the press industry in an environment of permanent technological revolution and proliferation of contents, and Gustavo Mohme, president of IAPA, was in charge of introducing his presentation;
WHEREAS, at a reception and dinner held at the Club 20 de Febrero, the governor of the Province of Salta, Juan Manuel Urtubey and his wife Isabel Macedo, hosted the IAPA delegates who enjoyed - in an atmosphere of great camaraderie, a musical and dance show;
WHEREAS, in the continuation of the consultations on the IAPA Digital Declaration, the OAS Press Freedom Rapporteur Edison Lanza and the Peruvian judicial counselor Erick Iriarte, of Iriarte y Asociados de Lima, together with IAPA President Gustavo Mohme, received the new considerations and contributions to the document from the IAPA delegates;
WHEREAS, in the Fakenews panel, Proposals Against Disinformation, Brazilian journalist Daniel Bramatti, O Estado de S. Paulo and Luis de Uriarte of Facebook, along with Pierre Aussell, of Ageance France Presse, Montevideo, Uruguay, addressed different strategies to restore the credibility of the news, from an integral perspective of media, agencies and technological intermediaries;
WHEREAS, Google's Director of Strategic Media Relations, Madhav Chinnappa of London, United Kingdom, gave an interesting presentation on his company's relationship with newspaper companies and also encouraged an enjoyable discussion with participants;
WHEREAS, during the Sunday lunch, in the lobby of the Sheraton Hotel, courtesy of Nueva Prensa de Oriente, Venezuela, Héctor Aranda, of the Clarín newspaper of Argentina, gave a managerial dissertation under the title The Subscription Strategy and the Relationship with Audiences, and that also, Gustavo Mohme, bestowed the Presidential Award of the IAPA on the former president and director of the newspaper Hoy, of Ecuador, Jaime Mantilla, who thanked the distinction with words of affection and encouragement for the organization;
WHEREAS, a distinguished group of women journalists and media executives, including Christine Morgan of Bloomberg, New York, Alice Ting, The New York Times, and Norma Morandini of Argentina, along with Milagros Salazar of Convoca, Peru as moderator, discussed gender conflicts, their causes, and the expectations of female media leadership;
WHEREAS, in Sunday afternoon's final panel entitled The Evolution of Fraud in Electoral Processes, a panel of prominent journalists composed of Carlos Pagni of La Nación de Argentina, Daniel Bramatti of O Estado de S. Paulo, Brazil, and Professor Joseph B. Treaster of the University of Miami, discussed the challenges of modern elections and new forms of fraud. Treaster, from the University of Miami, discussed the challenges of modern elections and the new forms of fraud, hacking and the use of social networks to misinform and manipulate and that the role of moderator of the session fell upon Roberto Rock, president of the IAPA Press and Information Freedom Committee;
WHEREAS, the Excellence in Journalism Awards Ceremony, headed by the president of the IAPA Awards Committee, Marcel Granier, was held at the Provincial Theatre of Salta and the RCTV production team presented a magnificent video in homage to the award-winning journalists and media;
WHEREAS, the participants in the 74th General Assembly then walked to the historic El Cabildo de Salta building, where the Mayor of the City, Gustavo Sáenz, hosted a reception and delivered a welcoming speech;
WHEREAS, on Monday morning, a select group of Argentine investigative journalists, made up of Diego Cabot of La Nación, Daniel Santoro and Nicolás Winazki of Clarín, spoke about the role of journalism in the face of corruption, and Antonio Oieni of El Tribuno de Salta acted as moderator of the session;
WHEREAS, the President of the Republic of Argentina, Mauricio Macri, honoured the 74th General Assembly with his presence on Sunday at noon and also delivered a message to the participants;
THE 74TH IAPA GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLVES TO:
express on behalf of its President, its authorities, directors and members, its deepest feelings of gratitude and appreciation to the people and companies who contributed to and supported this successful 74th General Assembly.
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Reports @en 2019 - Midyear Meeting - Cartagena, Colombia Reports Haiti
Report to the Midyear Meeting 2019
March 29 to 31
The crisis worsened in the last six months with mass protests against the government’s policies and state corruption. The protests caused almost three dozen deaths and some one hundred injuries, among them a news photographer in an incident that reminded of the constant danger that the press faces.
In addition, the disappearance of news photographer Vladimir Leganeur marked this March one year without the authorities having solved the case, despite the insistence of the victim’s family, national media and organizations dedicated to the defense of press freedom and human rights.
On February 7 hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets in Port-au-Prince and main cities at the start of a series of protests launched by the opposition that seeks the ouster of President Jovenel Moïse.
The protests turned violent and lasted for two weeks in a demand for better living conditions and for clarification of the fate of some 2,300 million dollars coming from the Venezuela program Petrocaribe (and that has in addition given rise to an unprecedented movement in social media known as #PetroCaribeChallenge), supposedly embezzled by various officials in the last three governments prior to that of Moïse.
In the middle of those protests on February 13 Haitian journalist Robenson Sanon, a cameraman with Reuters news agency, received a shot in the arm apparently accidentally as he was covering clashes between protestors and police.
Twenty-six people died and at least 77 were injured, according to information from UNICEF cited by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
President Moïse’s response was to cut back the Prime Minister’s budget by 30%, eliminate privileges of senior government officials, recover money lost in the Petrocaribe case, reduce prices of basic products and initiate a national dialogue to halt the crisis.
Violence against journalists continues to be constant, as is impunity.
The case of the disappearance on March 14, 2018 of news photographer Vladimir Legagneur still has not been solved. Police reported the finding of a body in the Grand Ravine neighborhood of Port-au-Prince where he had been seen for the last time, and it will be subjected to DNA testing, but to date there has been no conclusive report.
Added to the serious situation of generalized poverty, the absence of infrastructure and the scant provision of basic services is lack of security, a fact that according to the new Senate chairman Carl Murat Cantave could force a postponement of the legislative and municipal elections that should be held in October.
Despite the important achievements in recent years violence continues being a serious problem. In the first quarter of the year the Episcopal Justice and Peace Commission of the Catholic Church recorded 101 violent deaths (44 in January, 20 in February and 37 in March), 65 of which were the result of shootings.
Since 2000 more than a dozen Haitian journalists have been murdered. In 2013 Georges Henry Honorat, in charge of the weekly Häiti Progrés and Pierre-Richard Alexandre, correspondent of a national radio station; in 2012 Benson Roc, correspondent of Contact FM radio, and Jean Liphéte Nelson, director of Boukman radio station, in February 2011 journalist Jean Richard Louis Charles.
Among the most renowned cases are the murders of Jean Dominique on April 3, 2000 and of Jacques Roche, whose body was found on July 14, 2005 after his abduction four days earlier. Also those of freelance photographer Jean-Rémy Badio on January 19, 2007, that of radio host François Latour on May 23, 2007, and that of Alix Joseph, administrative director and host of Radio-Télé Provinciale de Gonaives on May 16, 2007.
¨freedom of the press¨ expression
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This article is about the typeface. For the computing term, see Record (computer science).
Entries for Croydon and Cheam, Surrey, in Domesday Book (1086), as published by Abraham Farley in 1783 using John Nichols' record type
Extract from the Patent Roll for 3 John (1201–2), as published by the Record Commission in 1835 using record type
Extract from the Pipe Roll for 21 Henry II (1174–5), as published by the Pipe Roll Society in 1897 using record type
Record type is a family of typefaces designed to allow medieval manuscripts (specifically those from England) to be published as near-facsimiles of the originals. The typefaces include a large number of special characters intended to replicate the various scribal abbreviations and other unusual glyphs typically found in such manuscripts. They were used in the publication of archival texts between 1774 and 1900.
Record type was originally developed in the 1770s when plans were under way for the publication of Domesday Book. Early experiments in using special typefaces were not successful, but in 1773 the printer John Nichols designed a record type for an extract from Domesday to be included in John Hutchins' History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset (published in 1774). He was so pleased with the result that he and the co-editor of Domesday, Abraham Farley, persuaded the Treasury that the typeface should be adopted for the main Domesday project. It was consequently used in Farley's edition of Domesday Book, published in 1783. Nichols regarded the design as among his greatest achievements, stating that "on the correctness and beauty of this important Work, I am prepared to stake my typographical credit".[1]
The original Domesday type was destroyed in the fire at Nichols' office in 1808,[2] but a modified form of record type was widely used during the first half of the 19th century in the publications of the Record Commission. It was subsequently used in the publications of the Pipe Roll Society from 1884 until 1900; and in 1890 in a single volume published by the Selden Society (despite the misgivings of the society's founder, F. W. Maitland).[3][4] The Selden Society's experiment was not repeated, and at a General Meeting held in 1903 the Pipe Roll Society decided to abandon record type in favour of publishing its texts "in extenso" (i.e. with all abbreviations extended).[5]
Record type fell out of favour because its merits (primarily the fact that, given accurate transcription, the reader was presented with exactly what appeared on the manuscript page) were increasingly felt to be outweighed by its disadvantages: the high costs of typesetting and proofreading, and the challenges to the reader presented by a text prepared with minimal editorial intervention.[6] Moreover, technical advances by the late 19th century meant that, in cases where there was a genuine argument for facsimile publication, this could be achieved more satisfactorily, cheaply and accurately by means of photozincography and other photographic printing techniques.
Paul Harvey regards record type as falling "badly between two stools, giving less than a facsimile on the one hand, less than an extended text on the other".[7] Nevertheless, L. C. Hector has argued that the modest amount of rationalisation and standardisation required to set a manuscript in record type resulted in a "half-way stage towards the interpretation of the abbreviations" that remains a useful tool to assist the novice in medieval palaeography.[8]
Charles Trice Martin's The Record Interpreter (first edition 1892; second edition 1910), which remains a standard handbook for the interpretation of English medieval manuscript texts, employs a version of record type to present abbreviated words.[9]
A continuing desire in the digital age to represent the special characters of medieval texts in typographical form is demonstrated by the establishment in 2001 of the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative, which aims to coordinate the encoding and display of such characters.
^ Condon and Hallam 1984, pp. 377–9.
^ Condon and Hallam 1984, p. 379n.
^ Baildon, William Paley, ed. (1890). Select Civil Pleas: Volume 1, A.D. 1200–1203. Selden Society. 3. London: Selden Society.
^ Yale, D. E. C.; Baker, J. H. (1987). A Centenary Guide to the Publications of the Selden Society. London: Selden Society. pp. 22, 34.
^ The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Twenty-Second Year of the Reign of King Henry the Second: A.D. 1175–1176. Pipe Roll Society. 25. London. 1904. pp. vii–viii.
^ Hunnisett 1977, p. 24.
^ Harvey 2001, p. 47.
^ Hector 1966, p. 36.
^ Trice Martin, Charles (1910). The Record Interpreter: a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records (2nd ed.). London: Stevens and Sons.
Condon, M. M.; Hallam, E. (1984). "Government Printing of the Public Records in the Eighteenth Century". Journal of the Society of Archivists. 7: 348–88. doi:10.1080/00379818409514252.
Harvey, P. D. A. (2001). Editing Historical Records. London: British Library. pp. 47–50. ISBN 0-7123-4684-8.
Hector, L. C. (1966). The Handwriting of English Documents (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold. pp. 35–6.
Hunnisett, R. F. (1977). Editing Records for Publication. Archives and the User. 4. London: British Records Association. p. 24. ISBN 0-900222-05-0.
Canons of page construction
Even working
Recto and verso
Sentence spacing
Widows and orphans
Typeface anatomy
Dingbat
Kerning
Letter-spacing
Subscript and superscript
Text figures
Camel case
Letter case
Petite caps
Visual distinction
Blackboard bold
Vertical aspects
Cap height
Descender
Roman type
Reverse-contrast
Blackletter type
Schwabacher
Gaelic type
Uncial
Dashes
Hanging punctuation
Hyphen-minus
Hyphenation
Prime mark
Quotation mark
Etaoin shrdlu
Font catalog
For position only
Microtypography
Phototypesetting
Punchcutting
Type color
Microprint
Typographic units
Figure space
Paren space
traditional point-size names
Proposed metric units
Thin space
Digital typography
Hinting
Rasterization
Typographic features
Web typography
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Record_type&oldid=842977397"
Academic publishing
Palaeography
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USS Albuquerque (PF-7)
For other ships with the same name, see USS Albuquerque.
Name: Albuquerque
Namesake: City of Albuquerque, New Mexico
Reclassified: Patrol Frigate (PF), 15 April 1943
Ordered: as a Type S2-S2-AQ1 hull, MCE hull 1425[1]
Builder: Permanente Metals Richmond Shipyard #4, Richmond, California
Yard number: 50[1]
Laid down: 20 July 1943
Launched: 14 September 1943
Sponsored by: Mrs. B. L. Livingstone
Commissioned: 20 December 1943
Decommissioned: 16 August 1945
Struck: 1 December 1961
Hull symbol: PG-115
Hull symbol: PF-7
Call sign: NFFG
Fate: Transferred to Soviet Navy 16 August 1945[a]
Name: EK-14[b]
Acquired: 16 August 1945
Commissioned: 16 August 1945[c]
Decommissioned: 16 October 1949
Fate: returned to United States, 16 October 1949
Acquired: 16 October 1949
Recommissioned: 3 October 1950
Decommissioned: 28 February 1953
Honors and
awards: 3 × battle stars for Korean War service
Fate: Transferred to Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, 30 November 1953
Name: Tochi
Acquired: 30 November 1953
Commissioned: 31 March 1969
Renamed: YAC-15, 31 March 1965
Reclassified: Auxiliary stock craft (YAC), 31 March 1965
Identification: Hull symbol: PF-296/YAC-15
Fate: Returned to United States, 9 July 1971
General characteristics [2]
Class and type: Tacoma-class frigate patrol frigate
1,430 long tons (1,450 t) (light load)
2,415 long tons (2,454 t) (full load)
Length: 303 ft 11 in (92.63 m)
Beam: 37 ft 6 in (11.43 m)
Draft: 13 ft 8 in (4.17 m)
Installed power:
2 × 3-Drum express boilers , 240 psi (1,700 kPa)
5,500 ihp (4,100 kW)
2 × Vertical triple-expansion steam engine
2 × shafts
Speed: 20.3 kn (37.6 km/h; 23.4 mph)
Complement: 190
3 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber dual-purpose (DP) gun
2 × twin 40 mm (1.57 in) Bofors anti-aircraft (AA) gun mounts
9 × 20 mm (0.79 in) Oerlikon cannon AA gun mounts
2 × Depth charge tracks
8 × Depth charge projectors
1 × Hedgehog
USS Albuquerque (PG-115/PF-7), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate in commission from 1943 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1953, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Albuquerque, New Mexico. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-14 and in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Tochi (PF-16/PF-296) and as YAC-15.
1 Construction and commissioning
2 Service history
2.1 U.S. Navy, World War II, 1943–1945
2.2 Soviet Navy, 1945–1949
2.3 U.S. Navy, Korean War, 1950–1953
2.4 Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, 1953–1968
Construction and commissioning[edit]
Albuquerque, originally classified as a patrol patrol gunboat, PG-115, but reclassified as a patrol frigate, PF-7, on 15 April 1943, was laid down under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 1425, on 20 July 1943, at the Permanente Metals Richmond Shipyard #4, Richmond, California. Launched on 14 September 1943, sponsored by Mrs. B. L. Livingstone, the ship was commissioned on 20 December 1943, with Lieutenant Commander Wayne L. Goff, USCG, in command.[3]
Service history[edit]
U.S. Navy, World War II, 1943–1945[edit]
After fitting out and shakedown training, Albuquerque stood out from Treasure Island, California, on 24 March 1944, bound for Seattle, Washington. She arrived at Seattle, on 26 March 1944, and remained there until getting underway on 5 April 1944, as an escort for a convoy bound for the Territory of Alaska. She and her convoy arrived at Dutch Harbor, on Unalaska Island, in the Aleutian Islands, on 16 April 1944, where she was assigned to Escort Division 27. After the Liberty ship John Straub, operating as a cargo ship for the United States Army, either struck a mine or was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I-180 and broke in two in the Pacific Ocean at 54°22′N 163°24′W / 54.367°N 163.400°W / 54.367; -163.400 (SS John Straub), approximately 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) southeast of Sanak Island in the Fox Islands subgroup of the Aleutian Islands on 19 April 1944 and her bow section sank, Albuquerque scuttled her stern section.[4][5]
For the rest of 1944 and the first half of 1945, Albuquerque shepherded convoys between various Alaskan ports and conducted patrols around the Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea.[3] Between 5 June and 14 July 1945, Albuquerque made a round-trip voyage from Dutch Harbor to Seattle and back. Selected for transfer to the Soviet Navy in Project Hula – a secret program for the transfer of U.S. Navy ships to the Soviet Navy at Cold Bay, Alaska, in anticipation of the Soviet Union joining the war against Japan – she then proceeded to Cold Bay and began training her new Soviet crew.[6]
Soviet Navy, 1945–1949[edit]
Following the completion of training for her Soviet crew, Albuquerque was decommissioned on 16 August 1945, at Cold Bay, and transferred to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease immediately along with her sister ships Tacoma (PF-3), Sausalito (PF-4), Hoquiam (PF-5), Pasco (PF-6), and Everett (PF-8). Commissioned into the Soviet Navy immediately,[a][c] Albuquerque was designated as a storozhevoi korabl ("escort ship") and renamed EK-14[b] in Soviet service. She soon departed Cold Bay, bound for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the Soviet Union, where she served as a patrol vessel in the Soviet Far East.[6]
In February 1946, the United States began negotiations for the return of ships loaned to the Soviet Union for use during World War II. On 8 May 1947, United States Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal informed the United States Department of State that the United States Department of the Navy wanted 480 of the 585 combatant ships it had transferred to the Soviet Union for World War II use returned, EK-14 among them. Negotiations for the return of the ships were protracted, but on 15 November 1949, the Soviet Union finally returned EK-14 to the US Navy at Yokosuka, Japan.[7]
U.S. Navy, Korean War, 1950–1953[edit]
Reverting to her former name, Albuquerque lay idle in the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Yokosuka until the outbreak of the Korean War, on 25 June 1950, created a demand for more US Navy escort ships. Following repairs and refurbishment, she was recommissioned at Yokosuka, on 3 October 1950, with Lieutenant Commander Claude O. Lowe in command. For the next 10 months, she escorted convoys and conducted patrols between Yokosuka, Hong Kong, and Singapore. In August 1951, she operated between Yokosuka and Subic Bay on Luzon in the Philippine Islands. On 10 December 1951, she departed Yokosuka, stopped at Sasebo, Japan, and, on 15 September 1951, got underway from Sasebo for patrol and escort duty along the eastern coast of Korea. As a unit of Escort Division 5, Destroyer Flotilla 3, United States Pacific Fleet, she spent the rest of September 1951 and most of October 1951 operating along the Korean coast.[3]
Albuquerque concluded that duty on 26 October 1951, when she departed Sasebo bound for Hong Kong. She arrived in at Hong Kong on 30 October 1951 and remained there, presumably in some sort of station ship status, until March 1952. On 6 March 1952, she stood out of Hong Kong, bound for Subic Bay in the Philippines. From Subic Bay, she headed back to Japan, returning to Sasebo on 16 May 1952. Based there, she resumed patrol and escort duties along the eastern coast of Korea. That assignment lasted for about six weeks. In July 1952, she again visited Subic Bay, and on 26 July 1952, arrived in Hong Kong. She once more made an extended visit to Hong Kong, until finally departing in mid-November 1952. After a visit to Subic Bay, she returned to Sasebo, on 3 December 1952, and resumed duty along the eastern coast of Korea. On 28 February 1953, she was decommissioned at Yokosuka.[3]
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, 1953–1968[edit]
For other ships with the same name, see Japanese ship Tochi.
On 30 November 1953, the United States loaned the ship to Japan, and she was commissioned in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Tochi (PF-16) (とち (PF-16), "aesculus turbinata").[8] The JMSDF reclassified her as PF-296 on 1 September 1957.[8] The US Navy struck her from the Navy List on 1 December 1961, but she was returned briefly to US Navy custody on 28 August 1962, before the United States almost simultaneously transferred her back to Japan permanently. Reclassified as an "auxiliary stock craft" (YAC) and renamed YAC-15 on 31 March 1965,[8] she was decommissioned on 31 March 1969, and returned to US custody on 9 July 1971, for disposal. Her final disposition is unknown.[2]
The US Navy awarded Albuquerque three battle stars for her Korean War service.[3]
^ a b The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Albuquerque I" article states that Albuquerque was transferred to the Soviet Navy on 17 August 1945, and NavSource Online: Frigate Photo Archive Albuquerque (PF 7) ex-PG-115 and hazegray.org Albuquerque repeat this date, but more recent research in Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, p. 39, which includes access to Soviet-era records unavailable during the Cold War, reports that the transfer date was 16 August 1945. As sources, Russell cites Department of the Navy, Ships Data: U.S. Naval Vessels Volume II, 1 January 1949, (NAVSHIPS 250-012), Washington, DC: Bureau of Ships, 1949; and Berezhnoi, S. S., Flot SSSR: Korabli i suda lendliza: Spravochnik ("The Soviet Navy: Lend-Lease Ships and Vessels: A Reference"), St. Petersburg, Russia: Belen, 1994.
^ a b NavSource Online: Frigate Photo Archive Albuquerque (PF 7) ex-PG-115 asserts that Albuquerque was named EK-16 in Soviet Navy service without citing a source for this name, but Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, p. 39, which includes access to Soviet-era records unavailable during the Cold War, reports that the ship's Soviet name was EK-14. As sources, Russell cites Department of the Navy, Ships Data: U.S. Naval Vessels Volume II, 1 January 1949, (NAVSHIPS 250-012), Washington, DC: Bureau of Ships, 1949; and Berezhnoi, S. S., Flot SSSR: Korabli i suda lendliza: Spravochnik ("The Soviet Navy: Lend-Lease Ships and Vessels: A Reference"), St. Petersburg, Russia: Belen, 1994.
^ a b According to Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, which includes access to Soviet-era records unavailable during the Cold War, Project Hula ships were commissioned into the Soviet Navy simultaneously with their transfer from the U.S. Navy; see photo captions on p. 24 regarding the transfers of various large infantry landing craft (LCI(L)s) and information on p. 27 about the transfer of USS Coronado (PF-38), which Russell says typified the transfer process. As sources, Russell cites Department of the Navy, Ships Data: U.S. Naval Vessels Volume II, 1 January 1949, (NAVSHIPS 250-012), Washington, DC: Bureau of Ships, 1949; and Berezhnoi, S. S., Flot SSSR: Korabli i suda lendliza: Spravochnik ("The Soviet Navy: Lend-Lease Ships and Vessels: A Reference"), St. Petersburg, Russia: Belen, 1994.
^ a b Kaiser No. 4 2014.
^ a b Navsource.
^ a b c d e DANFS 2015.
^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (J)
^ "Liberty Ships – Joaquin – Johns". Mariners. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
^ a b Russell 1997, p. 39.
^ Russell 1997, pp. 37–39.
^ a b c The Naval Database.
"Albuquerque I (PF-7)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"Kaiser Permanente No. 4, Richmond CA". www.ShipbuildingHistory.com. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
"Albuquerque (PF 7)". Navsource.org. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
Russell, Richard A. (1997). Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center. ISBN 0-945274-35-1.
"The Naval Database: JMSDF Kusu class patrol frigate (PF296) Tochi" (in Japanese). Retrieved 22 September 2014.
Photo gallery of USS Albuquerque at NavSource Naval History
hazegray.org: USS Albuquerque
Tacoma-class frigates
Bisbee
Machias (PF-53)
Bridgeport / Abilene
Worcester / Gladwyne
Scranton / Moberly
Chattanooga / Uniontown
Hallowell / Machias (PF-72)
Hamond
Hargood
Hotham
Hannam
Howett
Pasley / St. Helena
Phillimore
Popham
Prowse
Roanoke / Lorain (PF-93)
Sitka / Milledgeville (PF-94)
Vallejo / Lorain (PF-97)
Milledgeville (PF-98)
Colony class
Anguilla (ex-Machias (PF-72))
Antigua (ex-Hamond)
Ascension (ex-Hargood)
Bahamas (ex-Hotham)
Barbados (ex-Halstead)
Caicos (ex-Hannam)
Cayman (ex-Harland)
Dominica (ex-Harman)
Gold Coast / Labuan (ex-Harvey)
Hong Kong / Tobago (ex-Holmes)
Montserrat (ex-Hornby)
Nyasaland (ex-Hoste)
Papua (ex-Howett)
Pitcairn (ex-Pilford)
St. Helena (ex-Pasley)
Sarawak (ex-Patton)
Seychelles (ex-Pearl)
Sierra Leone / Perim (ex-Phillimore)
Somaliland (ex-Popham)
Tortola (ex-Peyton)
Zanzibar (ex-Prowse)
Soviet Navy
EK-1 (ex-Charlottesville)
EK-2 (ex-Long Beach)
EK-3 (ex-Belfast)
EK-4 (ex-Machias (PF-53))
EK-5 (ex-San Pedro)
EK-6 (ex-Glendale)
EK-7 (ex-Sandusky)
EK-8 (ex-Coronado)
EK-9 (ex-Allentown)
EK-10 (ex-Ogden)
EK-11 (ex-Tacoma)
EK-12 (ex-Pasco)
EK-13 (ex-Hoquiam)
EK-14 (ex-Albuquerque)
EK-15 (ex-Everett)
EK-16 (ex-Sausalito)
EK-17 (ex-Bisbee)
EK-18 (ex-Rockford)
EK-19 (ex-Muskogee)
EK-20 (ex-Carson City)
EK-21 (ex-Burlington)
EK-22 (ex-Gallup)
EK-25 (ex-Bayonne)
EK-26 (ex-Gloucester)
EK-27 (ex-Poughkeepsie)
EK-28 (ex-Newport)
EK-29 (ex-Bath)
EK-30 (ex-Evansville)
Post-World War II operators
Argentine Navy
Heroína (ex-Reading)
Sarandí (ex-Uniontown)
Trinidad / Santísima Trinidad / Comodoro Augusto Lasserre (ex-Caicos)
Lieutenant ter zee Victor Billet (ex-Sheboygan)
Colombian National Navy
Almirante Padilla (ex-Groton)
Capitán Tono (ex-Bisbee)
Almirante Brión (ex-Burlington)
Cuban Revolutionary Navy
José Martí (ex-Eugene)
Antonio Maceo (ex-Peoria)
Maximo Gomez (ex-Grand Island)
Dominican Navy
Presidente Troncoso / Gregorio Luperón (ex-Pueblo)
Presidente Peynado / Capitán General Pedro Santana (ex-Knoxville)
Ecuadorian Navy
Guayas (ex-Covington)
La Place (ex-Lorain (PF-93))
Mermoz (ex-Muskegon)
Le Brix (F715) (ex-Manitowoc)
Le Verrier (ex-Emporia)
Kusu / YAC-22 (ex-Ogden)
Nara / YTE-8 (ex-Machias (PF-53))
Kashi / YAC-12 (ex-Pasco)
Momi / YAC-13 (ex-Poughkeepsie)
Sugi (ex-Coronado)
Matsu / YAS-36 (ex-Charlottesville)
Nire / YAC-19 (ex-Sandusky)
Kaya / YAC-23 (ex-San Pedro)
Ume / YAC-14 (ex-Allentown)
Sakura / YAC-16 (ex-Carson City)
Kiri / YAC-20 (ex-Everett)
Tsuge (ex-Gloucester)
Kaede / YAC-17 (ex-Newport)
Buna / YAC-11 (ex-Bayonne)
Keyaki / YAC-21 (ex-Evansville)
Tochi / YAC-15 (ex-Albuquerque)
Shii / YAS-44 (ex-Long Beach)
Maki / YTE-9 (ex-Bath)
Duman (ex-Muskogee)
Apnok (ex-Rockford)
Taedong (ex-Tacoma)
Nae Tong (ex-Hoquiam)
Imchin (ex-Sausalito)
California (ex-Hutchinson)
General José María Morelos / Golfo de Tehuantepec (ex-Bangor)
General Vicente Guerrero / Río Usumacinta (ex-Annapolis)
Papaloapan (ex-Gladwyne)
Netherlands Government
Cirrus (ex-Abilene)
Cumulus (ex-Forsyth)
Peruvian Navy
Teniente Gálvez / Gálvez (ex-Woonsocket)
Royal Thai Navy
Tachin (ex-Glendale)
Prasae (ex-Gallup)
Preceded by: Asheville class (USN) / River class (RN)
Followed by: None
List of patrol vessels of the United States Navy
List of patrol vessels of the Royal Navy
List of Project Hula ships
MARCOM ships built by Kaiser Shipyards, Richmond Shipyards, Richmond, California, during World War II
Crater-class cargo ships
Type EC2-S-C1 ships
Adhara
Arided
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Cor Caroli
Etamin
Allioth
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Cheleb
Greenville Victory-class cargo ship
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Haiti Victory
Type VC2-S-AP3 cargo ship
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Sgt. Andrew Miller
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Sgt. Morris E. Crain
Private Joe E. Mann
Sgt. Truman Kimbro
General G. O. Squier-class transport ships
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General G. O. Squier
General T. H. Bliss
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General H. B. Freeman
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General Harry Taylor
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General E. T. Collins
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General Omar Bundy
General R. M. Blatchford
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General A. W. Brewster
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General C. C. Ballou
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Sherburne
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LST-476
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Alamosa-class cargo ships
Type C1-M-AV1 ships
Beaverhead
Beltrami
Flagler
Miscellaneous Auxiliary
Sgt. Curtis F. Shoup
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Tacoma-class
patrol frigates (PF)
Admirable-class
minesweepers (AM)
Disdain
Large infantry
landing craft (LCI(L))
LCI(L)-521
Auxiliary motor
minesweepers (YMS)
YMS-33
YMS-100
chasers (SC)
Floating workshops (YR)
Four unidentified units
storozhevoi korabl (EK)
("escort vessel")
EK-4 (ex-Machias)
EK-7 (ex-Ogden)
tralshik (T)
("minesweeper")
T-271 (ex-Disdain)
T-272 (ex-Fancy)
T-273 (ex-Indicative)
T-274 (ex-Marvel)
T-275 (ex-Measure)
T-276 (ex-Method)
T-277 (ex-Mirth)
T-278 (ex-Nucleus)
T-279 (ex-Palisade)
T-280 (ex-Penetrate)
T-281 (ex-Peril)
T-282 (ex-Rampart)
T-283 (ex-Candid)
T-284) (ex-Caution)
T-285 (ex-Bond)
T-331 (ex-Admirable)
T-332 (ex-Adopt)
T-333 (ex-Astute)
T-334 (ex-Augury)
T-335 (ex-Barrier)
T-336 (ex-Bombard)
T-337 (ex-Caravan)
T-338 (ex-Captivate)
T-339 (ex-Capable)
Desantiye suda (DS)
("landing ship")
(ex-LCI(L))
DS-1 (ex-LCI(L)-672)
DS-7 (?) (ex-LCI(L)-527)
DS-10 (ex-LCI(L)-557)
(ex-YMS)
T-521 (ex-YMS-59)
T-522 (ex-YMS-143)
Bolshiye okhotniki za
povodnimi lodkami (BO)
("large antisubmarine
hunter") (ex-SC)
BO-301 (ex-SC-687)
BO-310 (?) (ex-SC-646)
BO-312 (ex-SC-1021)
Floating workshops
(ex-YR)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Albuquerque_(PF-7)&oldid=897646343"
Ships built in Richmond, California
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
United States Navy New Mexico-related ships
Tacoma-class frigates of the Soviet Navy
World War II frigates of the Soviet Union
Cold War frigates of the Soviet Union
Cold War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Korean War frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Tacoma-class frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Ships transferred under Project Hula
CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
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Home > About Us > Members News > Lee County Port Authority News Release: BASE OPERATIONS AT PAGE FIELD
Lee County Port Authority News Release: BASE OPERATIONS AT PAGE FIELD
BASE OPERATIONS AT PAGE FIELD
VOTED AMONG THE BEST FBOs IN THE AMERICAS
FORT MYERS, Fla. (April 4, 2019) – Base Operations at Page Field has been ranked in the top 10 percent of fixed-base operators in an international survey conducted by Aviation International News (AIN). This is the seventh consecutive year Base Operations at Page Field has been named a top fixed-base operator by AIN. Base Operations ranked first in the Fort Myers/Naples area, had the third-best score in the facilities category and landed in the top 20 overall for FBOs in the Americas. The FBO Survey is conducted annually and asks pilots, flight attendants and dispatchers to provide feedback on the level of customer care at individual business and general aviation service providers throughout the U.S., Canada, Mexico, South and Central America and the Caribbean.
AIN conducts the survey year-round online and calculated cumulative averages from 2013 to present for this year’s results. The survey asked qualified subscribers to evaluate FBOs they visited the previous year in five categories: line service, passenger amenities, pilot amenities, facilities and customer service representatives.
Aviation International News (AIN) is a monthly trade publication focusing on the business aviation market and covers news, features, special reports and survey results. AIN is delivered in print and digital format to more than 38,000 qualified readers around the world. AIN has been conducting surveys and providing industry reports on service since 1981.
The Lee County Port Authority operates Southwest Florida International Airport and Page Field in Fort Myers. Page Field provides services to corporate, commercial and private aviators through their business arm, Base Operations at Page Field. For more information, please visit www.BaseOperationsFMY.com.
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Call & Become A Patient
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Politics of the Heart
In the twenty-first century, we are experiencing more toxicity in our bodies than ever before, from air pollutants, contaminated water, chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides on our food and so forth. As a result of this increase in toxicity, people are experiencing high incidences of disease such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and arthritis, along with other symptoms of toxicity like headaches, allergies, obesity and skin problems. Detoxification is the process of clearing toxins from the body or neutralizing or transforming them.
Our bodies normally produce toxins on a daily basis through the functions of respiration and digestion, and the healthy body eliminates toxins by filtering substances through the lungs, liver, skin, lymphatic system and kidneys. When the body is bombarded by more toxins than it can eliminate, the toxins build up, causing disease or symptoms of toxicity. One way to detoxify is by fasting, giving the body time to eliminate toxins while not taking more in through the diet. Other methods include chelation therapy and antioxidant supplementation.
Antioxidants are essential in the process of detoxification. Vitamins A, E and C play key roles in neutralizing free radicals in the body, which can cause cell damage and mutations. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons created by oxygen interaction. The unpaired electron makes them highly reactive, and they want to pair up with another atom to “steal” an electron. This in turn creates more unpaired electrons in the body. When free radicals combine with important cellular components in the body, like DNA or cell membranes, they can cause a chain reaction of destruction. Antioxidants safely combine with the free radical atoms, stopping the domino effect and sending them safely towards elimination.
Chelation therapy also may work to reduce free radical activity in the blood. EDTA (ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid) is a synthetic amino acid used in chelation therapy to bind positively charged metals or other substances in the blood. It has been used since the 1940s for treating heavy metal poisoning, and is now also being touted for use in the treatment of atherosclerosis, hypercalcemia and autism. Chelation therapy is performed either by injection or orally.
How does chelation therapy detoxify? When cell walls are damaged by free radicals, calcium can enter the cells, inhibiting enzyme activity and leading to a decrease in energy production and an increase in acidity. EDTA removes toxic metal ions such as lead, calcium, mercury, cadmium, copper, iron and aluminum from the blood stream. These metals contribute to the production of free radicals. EDTA also removes excess calcium from the blood stream. This removal allows damaged cells to start to repair themselves, and the production of energy increases. As more and more cells rebuild, the body becomes healthier.
By combining chelation therapy with antioxidant supplementation, the body will be primed for optimal free radical reduction and detoxification. Many conventional physicians believe that current research does not support chelation therapy for use other than heavy metal poisoning, but proponents of the therapy report high rates of satisfaction among heart patients seeking alternatives to coronary bypass surgery or balloon angioplasty.
Now that we know how EDTA chelation therapy can be beneficial to patients suffering from heavy metal or chemical toxins in their body as well as clogged arteries, why is it not more widely accepted by the medical community?
World renowned oncologist and homeopathic physician, James Forsythe, says most people, including physicians, are not aware of the medical politics, legal machinations and economic sanctions that covertly control the practice of medicine in the United States. “A physician who introduces an innovative and nontraditional type of therapy often becomes the target of those forces. That is especially true if a new therapy, like EDTA chelation: 1) involves a major shift in the scientific paradigm; 2) if acceptance of the new therapy somehow implies that currently used medical practices are inappropriate; or 3) if the new therapy threatens the financial well being of a politically powerful and well established branch of the medical profession.”
Forsythe says that introducing pharmaceutical drugs and conventional treatments is immediately accepted in the medical community as in the case of bypass surgery and balloon angioplasty, which quickly filled the pockets of surgeons, cardiologists, large teams of health care professionals, and the hospital industry.
However, Dr. Forsythe adds, “When an alternative new therapy like chelation is first introduced, physicians who do not utilize that therapy feel threatened, both professionally and financially. Their professional integrity is threatened by obsolescence of their scientific knowledge and they lose patients who seek out the new therapy. They forget that if their established treatments were really successful, and without major disadvantages, patients would not look to another type of treatment.
To discredit the physician who is providing complementary therapies, such as EDTA chelation therapy, major pressures from the FDA, big pharma, and the conventional medical community, are brought to bear on the "deviant" physician to coerce him back into the accepted mold. And Dr. Forsythe is no expectation. Dr. Forsythe explains the tactics of harassment he has experienced. “I have been ostracized by some of my peers; I have come under professional attack for "lack of ethics;" I as well as my staff have been harassed and assaulted by the FDA, my medical and mental competence have been questioned; I have been accused of "exploiting" my patients for personal gain; and epithets of "quack" and "charlatan" are hurled my way. Ad hominum attacks are common, in the absence of more cogent and scientific criticisms.”
Well known historical examples of that phenomenon occurred with the introduction of the germ theory of disease. That simple concept took 50 years for complete acceptance by the medical profession.
In James P. Carter, MD’s article, “If EDTA Chelation Therapy is so Good, Why Is It Not More Widely Accepted?”, he lists a plethora of historical medical advances that were purposely not recognized calling medical pioneers medical ‘heretics.’ However, the heretics were eventually credited with major advances in fighting diseases. They were often not recognized for their achievements until after death. Paracelsus, for example, is exalted as one of the great pioneers in medicine, but he was the original "quack" in his own time. Paracelsus introduced the use of mercury to treat syphilis. There was no other cure for syphilis at the time, although, as with many treatments today, the lethal dose of mercury was close to the therapeutic dose. Paracelsus was viciously attacked by his medical peers and derisively called a "quack" (short for "quacksalber," the old German word for mercury).†
Inertia in science and medicine is a powerful force and is reinforced by major economic and legal forces in the United States. Many industries and special interest groups that are politically and economically powerful would be hurt financially if chelation therapy were to become more widely accepted. Those same industries have a major influence in our society at all levels. Grants for university and medical school research often stem from those same sources. They spend heavily to lobby for laws, regulations and government funded medical research to favor their own interests and to suppress competition. It is difficult to obtain NIH research funds in the face of opposition from powerful lobbies that occur when that research goes against those special interests.†
The welfare of the American public is often pushed aside by the industrial quest for profits and pressures to suppress competition. Every industry wants a monopoly, if that can be achieved. Mainstream medicine has come very close to that goal.†
A complete program of chelation therapy involves dietary changes, away from highly refined and processed foods. The use of nonprescription nutritional supplements is emphasized more than expensive and highly profitable drugs manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry. Chelation therapy is performed in doctors' offices, without the need for hospitals, surgeons, cardiologists and the large team of health professionals who profit greatly in dollars and reputation from the $6 billion per year bypass surgery and balloon angioplasty industry.
Recent reports conclude that from 44% to 85% of coronary artery bypass surgery is routinely performed on patients who do not meet the criteria for benefit, even using standards derived from non-blinded studies.† The media consistently makes light of such flagrant abuses of surgery, while widely publicizing any hint of "quackery" associated with chelation. The American Medical Association, in its official journal (JAMA), admits that 44% of all coronary artery bypass surgery is done for inappropriate reasons.†
When a therapy is widely accepted by the medical profession, no scientific proof of effectiveness is required, and anecdotal evidence is accepted as valid. If an alternative therapy is contested by those physicians, however, they attack by demanding that the therapy in question be subjected to very expensive and time-consuming double-blind, placebo controlled trials. Medicare regulations also exclude the need for scientific proof for treatments that are utilized by a majority of physicians. The federal government thereby adds support to this double standard.
In the case of EDTA, those demands ignore the fact that it would normally cost millions of dollars for double-blind studies to prove effectiveness, and public funding for medical research cannot be obtained without political support. Without patent protection, pharmaceutical manufacturers will likewise not fund that research. The cost and time required for research of that scope is also beyond the resources of the clinicians in private practice who utilize chelation therapy. EDTA chelation therapy has therefore been an "orphan" without a source of financial support for research.
Despite those drawbacks, even in the face of a severe and unjust double standard imposed by opponents, research money has been successfully obtained from private foundations and from patients and physicians who believe in this treatment. Patients have been accepted into double-blind studies, beginning in mid-1988 [not completed for political reasons].
Deprived of reimbursement by medical insurance, patients have thus far paid for EDTA chelation therapy entirely from their own pockets. If Medicare refuses to pay for a therapy, most other insurance companies follow suit. It costs far more to fight those unjust policies in court than to pay for the treatment.
>Historical examples of similar campaigns to control the practice of medicine, in favor of organized medicine and other special interests, against the public interest, are easy to find. As many innovative physicians have discovered, one of the quickest ways to become the target of opposing forces is to utilize nutritional or other nontoxic and noninvasive treatments for cancer. Dr. Forsythe concurs, “Complementary cancer therapies have become totally patient driven because conventional therapies, for the most part, are not giving patients the quality of life they deserve. And they want to play more of a role in their healing and battle against cancer.”
On August 3, 1953, Charles W. Tobey Jr., son of the late Senator Charles Tobey, Chairman of the Senate Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, entered into the Congressional Record a report of an investigation by Benedict F. Fitzgerald Jr., Special Counsel to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Fitzgerald's investigation was directed at an alleged conspiracy to suppress what, in the 1950s, would have been considered alternative methods of treating cancer. His findings could equally have been applied to other innovative and nontraditional methods of treating any disease.
Fitzgerald criticized those who supported the party line of the American Medical Association (AMA), and who applied themselves to efforts to hinder, suppress, and restrict the free use of new therapies. Those therapies included medicines that were supported by evidence of success from clinical records, case histories, pathological reports, and x-ray and other photographic proof, together with living testimony of former cancer victims. Fitzgerald concluded that a conspiracy existed, and that public and private funds had been "thrown round like confetti at a country fair" to shut down clinics, hospitals and research laboratories which did not conform to the AMA's viewpoint.
Investigation tactics used against emerging and nontraditional medical therapies show a consistent pattern of: 1) arrogance; 2) a sense of mission and of knowing what is best and right for other people; 3) depriving citizens of their constitutionally protected rights to freedom of choice; and, 4) acceptance of the concept that the end justifies the means. Opponents of nontraditional therapies have viewed as legitimate activities: disinformation, smear campaigns, harassment, instituting IRS tax audits, encouraging patients to sue physicians, entrapment, illegal wiretaps, and possibly even break-ins. These tactics have been used against physicians for nothing more serious than administering intravenous EDTA chelation therapy.
When evidence, real or fabricated, is uncovered which is unfavorable to the targeted physician, a representative of the opposition will contact the state board of medical examiners, asking for an official investigation and prosecution. Pressures are brought on the physician to cease and desist his aberrant practices or lose his license to practice medicine.
Investigations and proceedings of licensing boards are often confidential and not available, even to the physician under investigation. By definition, it is difficult for an outsider to learn all of the specifics of such covert tactics, although a good approximation of how these things work has gradually emerged over the years.
The power structure of organized medicine may be visualized as a pyramid, with the sides composed of different physician specialty associations, each with its own special interests to protect. The result may be collectively called "organized medicine." The apex of the pyramid represents the governing boards and officers of those groups, while the base represents the broad general membership. Local and state chapters centralize the power and influence from the base upward to the national level. This pyramidal structure in medical politics forms the basis for a conspiracy that operates in coalition with other groups to benefit the individuals who compose the core of the pyramid. Although the composite organizations draw authority to sanction their collective actions from individual members, those members are often unaware of the larger structure within which power brokers and medical politicians operate.
By representing almost every practicing physician and specialty group in the country, this coalition has enormous influence in the affairs of our nation. That is especially true when an alliance is formed between organized medicine, the pharmaceutical industry and food processing corporations. The food industry profits greatly from sales of margarine, unsaturated fats, fake eggs, and other refined and fractionated foods with the endorsement of physicians.
The AMA and other segments of organized medicine are second only to the National Rifle Association in political campaign contributions to senators and congressmen at the national level. They give more than any other special interest groups in the country. Through political influence, bought and paid for, the policies of public institutions and federal and state agencies can be influenced by this group, including medical schools and universities, HHS, PHS, FDA, FTC, NIH, state medical licensing boards, etc. When a physician is selected for censure by organized medicine, the FDA, FBI, IRS, postal inspectors, district attorneys, Antifraud Division of Medicare and other agencies with quasi-police powers are quick to join the fray. This has occurred to physicians who have had the courage to offer EDTA chelation therapy to their patients.
An average of approximately 60% of all state medical licensing boards' time is spent confronting, rehabilitating or defrocking physicians who are impaired or otherwise incompetent. Most of those are chemically dependent on alcohol and drugs. Increasingly, addicted physicians are being successfully rehabilitated, with the help of medical societies and recovered physicians. That function is truly in the best interests of both the medical profession and the consumer.
The remaining 40% of state medical licensing boards' time is, on the average, spent "witch-hunting," in the manner described above, in an effort to control the practice of medicine. The result is to force conformance with majority practices and to protect the medical profession against financial competition from "maverick" physicians who are bold enough to espouse innovative practices ahead of their peers. Restraint of trade and government support of a medical monopoly is the bottom line.†
All too often, academic physicians on medical school faculties and research scientists allow themselves to be influenced by propaganda and disinformation, instead of obtaining the true facts and relying on their own analytical abilities and scientific methodology to determine the truth. The overwhelming majority of physicians in clinical practice appear to be totally unaware that a conspiracy exists and that covert activities are routinely taking place to protect their monopoly and to prevent competition.
The AMA Coordinating Conference on Health Information (CCHI) was formed in 1964, as an offshoot of the AMA's Committee on Quackery.10 All responsible citizens, by definition, must be opposed to quackery. The main difference between the AMA Committee on Quackery and the newly formed CCHI was that the CCHI was a totally secret and covert organization which functioned in coalition in a network with other, similar groups. The CCHI operates in partnership with the National Council on Health Fraud with regional chapters in many states. The director of each regional chapter must swear to an oath of secrecy. National and regional chapters of the Council on Health Fraud stay in communication with individual members of each state's board of medical licensing examiners. The CCHI operates through this secretive network, without access from public scrutiny. There are no checks and balances.
Both the CCHI and the National Council on Health Fraud purport to be scientific and authoritative sources of information. A significant portion of their activities, however, have nothing to do with real quackery, but are rather a means to coerce practitioners of medicine to adhere to practices approved by medical politicians. The end result is to preserve certain monopolistic and economic advantages enjoyed by organized medicine.
An important reason that research into the use of EDTA in the treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications stopped after 1960, until the mid 1980s, was because of an active and vicious campaign of misinformation and unjust harassment of physicians who used EDTA in their practices. Scientific researchers who showed an interest were also discouraged and harassed.
Practicing physicians who used EDTA have been summoned to appear before state boards of medical examiners to answer complaints. Charges were often contrived and rarely documented by careful investigation. The Federation of State Boards of Medical Examiners is associated with the CCHI network. State boards of medical examiners are legally constituted bodies that have ultimate authority to revoke a physician's license to practice medicine. Medical licensing boards in at least six states have attempted to mandate a blanket prohibition against chelation therapy within their states. Fortunately, the courts have been quick to nullify most such arbitrary rulings.
EDTA is already on the market as a legitimate pharmaceutical agent to treat lead toxicity, digitalis toxicity and acute hypercalcemia. EDTA is legally available for physician use, and it is quite legal for any licensed physician to utilize a drug for any purpose which, in that physician's judgment is best for his patient. The only restriction is that pharmaceutical companies that manufacture EDTA cannot make advertising and marketing claims of effectiveness in the treatment of atherosclerosis, in the absence of FDA approval for that indication.
The patent on EDTA expired many years ago. It is now a generic drug. Any drug company can manufacture and sell EDTA. There is no longer any patent protection to allow recovery of research, development and licensing costs. It customarily costs a drug company millions of dollars for research and paperwork to satisfy FDA requirements for the addition of a new therapeutic claim to the package insert of an established drug such as EDTA. No company will spend the money without the ability to recover those costs in the marketplace. This lack of FDA approval for atherosclerosis is commonly used against physicians by opponents of chelation, although it has always been a fully accepted and common practice for doctors to use medicines for diseases not yet approved by the FDA. This is another blatant example of double standard.
A communication from Dr. John Parks Trowbridge, a physician using chelation therapy in Texas, dated August 1986, illustrates very succinctly the difficulties physicians have encountered when they offer chelation therapy to their patients. The following illustrates how the system of repression often works:
In the last 90 days, at least 3 chelating physicians have been hauled before the board—1 lost license, 2 threatened. We've been put 'on notice,' through one who was threatened, that they were going to 'get' each of us, one by one.
Such legal harassment can bankrupt a doctor in order to pay the legal fees to defend himself against ongoing attacks by legally constituted agencies. Due process is a constitutional right but can be very expensive. The state pays its attorneys and legal costs with public funds. An unjustly accused physician must defend himself at his own expense. That is the basis for a tactic used by state licensing boards to keep up the pressure until a targeted doctor can no longer afford to pay for his defense. At that point, more than one highly competent and ethical physician has submitted to injustice and agreed to stop using EDTA chelation therapy in his practice, accepting probation and censure, just to end the mounting legal expenses and other stresses of harassment.
The original motivation to discredit EDTA as a treatment for atherosclerosis may have stemmed from ignorance of its benefit and arrogance in the belief that EDTA was dangerous treatment and that it did not work. The motivation may have once been to weed out fraud and quackery. With the development of enormously profitable coronary artery bypass surgery and angioplasty, however, not to mention peripheral and carotid artery surgery, it is obvious that many influential groups in organized medicine and the hospital industry would suffer greatly if EDTA chelation therapy, administered in physicians' offices at approximately 10% of the cost, became widely accepted. That now seems to be the most significant reason for ongoing attempts to suppress the practice and clinical investigation of EDTA chelation therapy. What other explanation could there be in the face of the large body of clinical and scientific data in support of EDTA chelation therapy?
In recent years, mainstream medical journals have refused to publish the results of research of EDTA chelation therapy for atherosclerosis, while at the same time publishing many frivolous letters to the editor and editorial comments criticizing chelation therapy. This ongoing editorial bias and censorship have largely prevented ready access by interested clinicians and, researchers to favorable clinical data. Most literature searches begin and end with the Index Medicus or its electronic counterpart, the MEDLINE computer database. Recent studies of chelation therapy have been published in less widely circulated journals, many of which are not included in the Index Medicus.
Most physicians and medical students are not aware that only 10% of the world's total biomedical literature can be found in those databases.† If a physician becomes interested enough to do a computer search of EDTA chelation therapy for treatment of atherosclerosis, he will find a plethora of negative editorial comment and propaganda, but no negative data to support that criticism. Most clinical data to support the effectiveness of EDTA in treatment of atherosclerosis has appeared in journals that are not listed in easily accessible references. [The most pertinent of that data is summarized on this website.]
The first randomized, double-blind, controlled study of EDTA chelation therapy for treatment of atherosclerosis was conducted by Professor Doctor Schettler, et al, in the clinics of the University Hospital in Heidelberg, West Germany, while Dr. Schettler was Chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine and President of the International Atherosclerosis Research Association. That study was funded by Thiemann Pharmaceutical Company, manufacturers of the platelet inhibitor, bencyclan, marketed as Fludilat®. Fludilat® is widely prescribed in Europe to treat atherosclerosis. EDTA chelation therapy was compared with bencyclan.
It is unknown why a pharmaceutical company would fund a study of a generic drug for which the patent had expired. It is possible that Thiemann believed AMA propaganda stating that EDTA was ineffective. Why else would Thiemann put EDTA up against their own Fludilatl®?
Thiemann did take precautions, however. When the grant was awarded, Thiemann reserved the right, in its written contract with Schettler, to edit any published reports of the study. Thiemann reserved the right to interpret the final data for publication and to do the statistical analysis themselves. All recorded data from the study were to be the property of Thiemann. It was agreed that all data would be given to Thiemann at the end of the study. Such a contract seems to eliminate the possibility of an unbiased report, and it eliminates free access to the original data by other investigators.
A total of approximately 48 patients were treated, 24 in the Fludilat® group and 24 in the EDTA group. Disodium EDTA was administered in a dose of 2.5 gms in 500 ml 1/2N Saline. Treatments were given five days each week for a total of four weeks. Each patient received 20 infusions. Only patients with peripheral vascular disease who could not walk 200 meters without pain of claudication were included in the study. Pain-free walking distance was measured before, during and after therapy on a treadmill, at 3.5 km/hr with a 10% uphill gradient.
The measured results showed a 250% increase in distance walked before onset of claudication pain in the EDTA-treated group after four weeks of therapy. By comparison, there was only a 60% increase in the bencyclan group. Bencyclan, however, is a drug proven to be of benefit in this disease and is widely prescribed in Europe for that indication.
There were four patients in the EDTA group who experienced more than a 1,000-meter increase in their pain-free walking distance at the end of only 30 days treatment. Highly favorable data from those four patients mysteriously disappeared when the final results were made public. Thiemann, of course, had a legal right under terms of their contract to edit the final results and to interpret the data in any way that suited them. Their final report contained data that reduced observed benefit from EDTA by 72%, from 250% increase to only 70%. The fact that data from the best EDTA responders were altered would not have been known if scientists from Heidelberg with intimate knowledge of the study had not been shocked by what they considered unethical and dishonest scientific conduct. Raw data from the study were personally delivered to an official of ACAM for an independent interpretation.
The fact that a highly placed representative of American organized medicine went to Heidelberg and met with Dr. Schettler while the study was in progress may or may not be significant.
The study was reported at the Seventh Atherosclerosis Congress in Melbourne, Australia, 1985. An attachment to the abstract of that presentation, available at the meeting, contained a graphic plot of pain-free walking distance extending out to three months after the end of therapy. By that time, even using the modified data made public, the increase in pain-free walking distance in the EDTA-treated patients had increased to 430% of the baseline, while bencyclan-treated patients averaged less than half that much with no significant improvement after therapy was stopped at 30 days. Nothing in the text of the abstract described that graphically depicted observation, despite its great clinical significance in proving the effectiveness of EDTA chelation therapy. The report analyzed data only to the end of 30 days, when the bencyclan and EDTA groups had responded equally. It is well known that full benefit from EDTA is often delayed for up to three months after therapy.
When deleted data from the EDTA subjects with maximum relief of symptoms is considered, average walking distance increased by more than 400% three months following EDTA chelation therapy.
The data reported in Australia show only a 70% average increase in pain-free walking distance in the EDTA-treated group (instead of the 250% increase at 30 days indicated by the raw data) and was compared with a 76% average increase in the group treated with bencyclan. Even that amount of improvement is significant. It is rare for placebo effect alone to exceed 33%.
The only patient death was in the bencyclan group. No serious side effects were observed from EDTA. The reportedly negative results of this study received widespread coverage in the news media, but the data were never published in a peer-reviewed journal. Furthermore, the press release stated that "EDTA was no better than a placebo," without mentioning that the "placebo" in this case was Thiemann Pharmaceutical's very own Fludilat®, a proven effective drug.
By way of comparison, in the study which resulted in U. S. FDA approval of pentoxifylline (Trental®), for the treatment of claudication, walking distance before pain of claudication increased by only an average 25% over baseline with treatment. Nonetheless, that small amount of improvement was considered statistically significant and Trental® was approved for marketing by the FDA. EDTA was more than twice as effective, even using the publicly announced results of the Heidelberg study.
The intensity of the attitudes and the arrogance that has lead to a conspiracy of this enormity will ultimately be responsible for its exposure and eventual downfall. It might be argued by some that such a strategy was justified as a means of eliminating widespread quackery. But who is to decide what is quackery, and who is to give a self appointed group of physicians with vested interests in competing therapies the right to assume that they alone know what constitutes quackery and what is in the public's best interest?
With 800,000 people per year dying in the United States alone from atherosclerosis and its complications, despite the best of high-technology hospital and surgical care that is available, it is imperative that the public be given the option to receive EDTA chelation therapy. It would be senseless and even criminal for medical insurance companies to continue to deny payment for a therapy which has the potential to greatly reduce long-term medical expenditures by reducing the need for far more expensive hospitalization, surgery or angioplasty. Savings to medical insurance companies with resulting reduction in insurance premiums could be great.
A physician signatory to the Constitution of the United States of America, Dr. Benjamin Rush, wrote:
Unless we put medical freedom into the Constitution, the time will come when medicine will organize into an undercover dictatorship... To restrict the art of healing to one class of men and deny equal privileges to others will constitute the Bastille of medical science. All such laws are un-American and despotic and have no place in a republic...The Constitution of this republic should make a special privilege for medical freedom..."
-Benjamin Rush, M.D.
Signer: The Declaration of Independence & Physician to George Washington
Americans Support Healthcare Freedom
We urge you to call or write your congressman to reject big pharma lobbying initiatives and to refuse their big money contributions. We need to bring an end to their continued monopoly and control over the medical industry, medical insurance reimbursement allowances, hospitals, medical school funding, medical journals, and state medical boards. We urge you to hold the FDA accountable for their abuse of power and harassment of maverick doctors who are working to develop natural, nontoxic complementary therapies for patients, giving them the treatment options.
”If people let the government decide what foods they eat and what medicines they take, their bodies will soon be in as sorry a state as are the souls who live under tyranny.”
- Thomas Jefferson
Journal of Advancement in Medicine, Volume 2, Numbers 1/2, Spring/Summer 1989, pages 213-226.
Lisa PJ: The Great Medical Monopoly Wars, International Institute of Natural Health Sciences, Inc., Huntington Beach, California, 1986.
Preston TA: Marketing an operation: Coronary artery bypass surgery. J Holistic Med 1985;7(1):8-15.
Winslow CM, Kosecoff JB, Chassin M, et al: The appropriateness of performing coronary artery bypass surgery. JAMA 1988;260:505-509.
Cranton EM: Limitations of the Index Medicus and Medline computer program. J Holistic Med 1982;4(2):103-104.
The opinions expressed in the newsletter article belong to the original author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of the Century Wellness Clinic and Cancer Screening & Treatment Center of Nevada. The information provided at this site and specifically newsletters are for informational purposes and are not intended for use as diagnosis or treatment of a health problem or as a substitute for consulting a licensed medical professional
The information contained in this Health Report is intended for education purposes only. It is intended to complement—not replace—the advice provided by healthcare providers.
Lisa Marie Wark is currently a free lance writer and is a business development consultant with a concentration in medical spas and alternative clinics.
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Social Scientist. v 12, no. 138 (Nov 1984) p. 57.
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United States and the Asia�Pacific Region in 1980s
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA came into the picture of world politics much .before the Second World War. Interestingly, in the 19th century itself serious debates took place in the American Congress regarding the vital importance of sea-lanes all over the world which would be instrumental in serving the interests of the United States, and the need to control them. But the turning point for the U S was the Second World War which enabled it to arrogate to itself the leadership of the "free world".
The American involvement in the Asia-Pacific region can be traced back to the 19th century when the United States defeated Spain in 1898 and annexed the strategically crucial island, Guam, in the Pacific, and the Philippines in Southeast Asia. It should be noted that the Americans had been at work to safeguard their position in East and Southeast Asia much before the World War II. The U S had started making efforts to secur the rear position in Indochina and Korea long before it abandoned all hopes of propping up Chiang Kai-shek in China. After the World War II, two reasons prompted the U S to intervene militarily in the Asia-Pacific region: firstly, the liberation and formation of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and secondly, the militant nationalist movements against the former metropolitan powers in the whole of the Asia-Pacific region. Looking upon the Asia-Pacific region as the highly vulnerable rearguard of the world capitalist system, and with the aim of protecting this rearguard from falling to the communist system, the United States pitted itself against the aroused nationalism of the Vietnamese people led by the communists.
The "vacuum" created by the defeat of Japan, the necessity of access to the natural resouccs of the region, and the perceived threat of spreading Sino-Soviet influence in the early 1950s�all these factors combined to lend an urgency to the efforts of the United States to entrench itself in East and South-east Asia. In 1971, the control by American-European capital over world mineral resources was: copper 70.9 per cent (10 companies), nickel 74.5 per cent (8 companies)
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MGH Initiative Aims for Addiction Treatment and Prevention
Mass General's sustained effort to support one determined Chelsea woman's recovery reflects its commitment to addiction treatment and prevention.
Published 5 years ago by Kay Cahill in Mass General Magazine, Patient Care
Raina MacMahon (left) chats with her physician, Mass General’s Sarah E. Wakeman, MD, who has helped her transition from drug addiction to recovery.
On a sunny morning in Chelsea, Mass., Raina MacMahon passes a fast food restaurant that brings back memories of drug addiction. “At night, this is where all the buying and selling happens,” says Raina who, with help from Massachusetts General Hospital, is working hard to keep her own heroin habit in the past.
Determined to help many more people like Raina, Massachusetts General Hospital has launched a major new initiative to prevent and treat alcohol and drug addiction. Chelsea, where Raina lives, is one of the communities where Mass General is trying to make an impact. It’s a tough challenge and Raina’s difficult journey from addiction to recovery reflects some of the pitfalls that may lie ahead. But thanks to the involvement of a compassionate addiction specialist and her MGH colleagues, Raina’s story is also one of possibility and hope.
Bright-eyed and cheerful now, Raina, 33, is celebrating her one-year anniversary in recovery from drug addiction that began when she was a teenage runaway. After a number of failed attempts, her journey to recovery started last year with an ambulance ride to Mass General for treatment of a life-threatening heart valve infection. There, she met Sarah E. Wakeman, MD, medical director for substance use disorders with Mass General’s Center for Community Health Improvement.
With Raina, “we were all thinking about her as a whole person and keeping her preferences in mind,” says Dr. Wakeman, who is helping lead the new MGH effort to identify and treat alcohol and drug addictions. Known as the Strategic Plan for Substance Use Disorders, the plan will ensure that patients are accompanied along the path to recovery with the most effective and empathetic treatments available.
Response to a Community Call
Mass General’s addiction treatment plan is born from a deep commitment to the communities it serves. In 2012, MGH conducted a community-wide survey of people in Chelsea, Charlestown and Revere, where its community health centers are located. The survey asked what they saw as the biggest health problems. Substance use was number one in all three communities. Alcohol and drug addiction increases crime, homelessness and many of the other problems in these communities.
Timothy E. Wilens, MD, director of the MGH Center for Addiction Medicine, says that substance use is too often seen as a moral issue and people who have addictions are treated as difficult patients.
In response, Mass General is dedicating $3.5 million over the next three years to develop a new model of care in which people with substance use disorders are identified and treated over the long term, says Timothy E. Wilens, MD, director of the MGH Center for Addiction Medicine and a leader of the initiative.
“Too often, substance use is seen as a moral issue and people who have addictions are treated as difficult patients,” Dr. Wilens says. “But addiction is a brain-based disease and requires a long-term care model of treatment like heart disease or diabetes.”
“This is a very important initiative,” says Joy Rosen, vice president for Behavioral Health at Mass General. “We are transforming how we care for patients with substance use disorders by building strong links between our Emergency Department, our inpatient and outpatient units, and quality community-based services. We are introducing innovative treatment models to improve access to care, smooth transitions and reduce relapse and readmissions.”
The need is dire. Among the states, Massachusetts has the highest rate of emergency department visits due to illicit drug use. Many of these visits are repeats—from people who are treated for addictions-related injury or disease and discharged but who never make it to the next step—an addictions recovery program. A few weeks later, like Raina, they are back in the emergency room with the same or a new condition. The patient isn’t getting better and the cost of care is growing.
The reasons for relapse include the power of addiction itself, as well as the associated shame, confusion, cost and lack of available resources.
The reasons for relapse include the power of addiction itself, as well as the associated shame, confusion, cost and lack of available resources. Research shows that ensuring a discharged patient immediately connects with an outpatient recovery program increases that patient’s chance to achieve sobriety. The hospital wants to make sure that happens.
Addiction is a Disease
At Mass General’s Chelsea HealthCare Center, for example, the new plan is already ramping up. Mary E. Lyons-Hunter, PsyD, is unit chief of Mental Health and Social Services. The patients at the health center are largely immigrants who come from an astonishing number of places, including Central America, Africa and Eastern Europe. Many live in overcrowded, dilapidated housing. Violence, drugs and homelessness are ongoing problems.
Dr. Sarah Wakeman (right) has helped Raina MacMahon find the right combination of treatment and support.
“In a very poor underserved community like Chelsea, we can’t ignore the reality that addiction is a disease that must be treated like any other long-term illness,” Dr. Lyons-Hunter says. “We can’t just say ‘Go to AA’ or ‘Go get clean.’”
The Chelsea center plans to beef up the existing addiction treatment program, provide staff training, increase patient screening and bring on a new recovery coach to connect patients to addictions services.
MGH centers in Charlestown and Revere are also bolstering their screening and addiction treatment programs. And in Boston, the main hospital has created an Addictions Consult Team (ACT) to respond when a patient in need of addiction treatment is identified. The hospital will also hire four additional recovery coaches to work in the community, with the homeless and in the emergency room, and plans to establish a discharge clinic to help patients who are leaving the hospital and need immediate support to stay in recovery.
A Harrowing Ordeal
Raina left home at age 15, after an explosive argument with her parents over her “stealing” the family car for a joy ride. Soon, she joined other street kids in Portland, Ore., and embraced the drug culture.
Mass General’s Strategic Plan
The hospital’s Strategic Plan for Substance Use Disorders is moving forward under the guidance of an oversight group representing the departments of medicine, psychiatry, nursing, social work, case management, administration and the community health centers.
“The idea is to bring together leadership voices from every aspect of the disease as it affects people,” says Martha T. Kane, PhD, clinical director for the Center for Addiction Medicine.
The MGH strategic plan includes the following:
Addiction Consult Team (ACT) - Made up of internists, addiction psychiatrists, social workers and nursing leaders, the ACT team will spring into action when a patient with a substance use disorder is identified in the hospital to evaluate and recommend treatment and community services.
Screening - The hospital is screening admitted patients to identify signs of alcohol or drug addiction so they can be directed to appropriate treatment. Outpatient clinics are also increasing screening efforts.
Prevention in the Community - Mass General is expanding and strengthening its relationships with community-based prevention coalitions in Charlestown, Revere, and Chelsea and Boston.
Recovery Coaches - Five new community health workers will work with patients with substance use disorders to remove barriers to treatment and guide them through community services and recovery programs.
Post Discharge Clinic - Mass General will establish a clinic to help patients with substance use disorders access appropriate treatment and resources after they are discharged from the general hospital.
Enhanced Health Center Treatment - Each health center is working to make medication and counseling treatments available for all patients with substance abuse disorders.
“I became one of those little homeless kids who was hitchhiking and hopping trains,” she recalls. Drinking and smoking pot, she soon progressed to using crystal meth and crack cocaine. Her first experience with heroin was while hanging out under a highway bridge in Seattle, Wash., where she allowed someone she met to inject it.
She moved to Florida at 19, got a job and temporarily stopped using drugs but drank heavily. Still looking for something better, she moved to Boston and rediscovered heroin. Soon she was homeless, living underground in the Harvard Square MBTA station and finding drugs for college students to support her own habit. She tried detox centers and methadone but always relapsed.
Strong Withdrawal Symptoms
One day, she began feeling ill. A high fever kicked in. “Everything in my body began to hurt,” she recalls. Raina went to the Mass General Emergency Department. She was admitted and learned she had endocarditis, a dangerous heart valve infection caused by bacteria introduced to her bloodstream when she injected drugs.
She went on methadone while in the hospital to help her quit heroin and then went to a rehabilitation hospital after her infection subsided. But discharged on a Friday, her cravings and withdrawal symptoms were so strong she couldn’t make it to her outpatient medical appointment Monday without using heroin.
Seven weeks later, she was back in the MGH Emergency Department with endocarditis again, facing the possibility of heart surgery.
This time, things went differently. She met Dr. Wakeman, a young woman near her own age who reassured her that her drug addiction was not her fault and that she could get better. Raina felt optimistic for the first time. Instead of methadone, Dr. Wakeman prescribed suboxone, which, like methadone, is a substitute for heroin but which can be prescribed from a doctor’s office so that Raina need not stand in daily lines outside a methadone clinic where, she says, people often sell drugs.
Treated with Respect
She received intravenous antibiotics in the hospital for the heart valve infection. Then Dr. Wakeman arranged for her to convalesce in a drug-free medical rehabilitation facility that Raina now fondly calls “the old folks’ home.” There, she happily played bingo with older women.
Nevertheless, Raina relapsed a few weeks later. Her endocarditis flared up again and an ambulance brought her back to Mass General.
“It was heartbreaking to me how I kept doing this to myself,” she recalls. “When I saw Dr. Wakeman, I cried.” The doctor reassured Raina that relapse is part of the disease and urged her to keep trying. She talked with her about the brain science of addiction and treated her with respect, not judgment.
Finding the right combination of treatment and support that would help Raina toward long-term recovery was crucial, Dr. Wakeman says. “Our approach is to address the kinds of conditions that make it difficult for an individual person to recover, and work to resolve them.”
With Dr. Wakeman’s guidance, Raina began attending 12-step recovery meetings in the hospital. Then she returned to the “old folks’ home” and attended the Intensive Outpatient Program at Mass General’s West End Clinic. The day she went home she went to a 12-step meeting.
Now, with a year of sobriety behind her, Raina has a better relationship with her family. As a member of the Chelsea Leadership Team, she meets with city officials, clergy, police and others committed to helping people get access to the social services they need. She also attends intensive outpatient sessions, sees a therapist and visits Dr. Wakeman at Mass General every few weeks. Her heart condition needs ongoing care.
As a member of the Chelsea Leadership Team, Raina MacMahon is helping others in her community get access to the social services they need.
Overcoming Stigma
Coloring all efforts to help people recover from addiction is the problem of stigma. Unlike other illnesses, addiction is often regarded as a self-inflicted problem, one that the addicted person chooses freely.
The result of such bias is that patients are often expected to bootstrap themselves out of addiction. Mass General’s plan aims to break that cycle of stigma and relapse by educating clinicians, patients and public about the need for a new, unbiased, long-term approach to recovery.
“Because of the fear, shame and the need for motivation along the way,” says John F. Kelly, PhD, founding director of MGH’s Recovery Research Institute, “people often need an extra helping hand to get them to the next stage of recovery.”
Dr. Wakeman says an entire team of programs and people, including the patient, worked to create a personalized, coordinated plan to help Raina through heart-valve treatment and detoxification, into rehabilitation, intensive outpatient therapy and finally home to a life of recovery in Chelsea. It’s a model that the hospital is working to put in place on a grand scale for each and every patient with a substance use disorder.
Through it all, Raina understood that this Mass General doctor believed in her ability to get better.
Compassion and Expertise
These days, Raina is active with Chelsea community groups and is talking openly about her addiction and recovery to help lessen the stigma and pave the way for people to freely seek the care they need.
Once so frustrated with healthcare clinicians that she stopped seeing them, Raina now says that finding a doctor who did not judge and offered the right combination of compassion and expertise was the key to her success. Dr. Wakeman shepherded her through the painful transition from heroin to healthful living. She helped Raina move directly into a safety net of recovery programs after leaving the hospital. Through it all, Raina understood that this Mass General doctor believed in her ability to get better.
“Dr. Wakeman saved my life,” she says.
To learn more about how you can support addiction medicine at Mass General, please contact us.
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Contribute to the future of Mass General’s comprehensive approach to preventing and treating substance use disorders.
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James Monroe Museum
James Monroe Museum has raised $ 5,430 from 41 gifts!
Support the James Monroe Museum on #MaryWashDay
There have been few more zealous, indefatigable or useful servants of the public than James Monroe. [Francis Walker Gilmer, "Sketches of American Statesmen," 1815.]
James Monroe compiled a more distinguished record of public service than anyone ever elected President of the United States. Combat in the Revolutionary War was followed by state and federal legislative offices, four terms as governor of Virginia, negotiation of the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, and simultaneous service as secretary of state and secretary of war. As the nation's fifth president from 1817 to 1825, Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise, gave diplomatic recognition to emerging Latin American republics, acquired Florida from Spain, and in 1823 committed the Unites States to preventing European intervention in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere—later termed the Monroe Doctrine.
The James Monroe Museum opened in 1927 to showcase his family’s cherished collection of artifacts and archives. It was given to the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1964, and is today administered by the University of Mary Washington. Building upon its founding mission to interpret the legacy of our fifth president, the James Monroe Museum is also deeply engaged in UMW’s academic programs in history, historic preservation, and museum studies, helping to train the future stewards of our heritage.
Private support, including that of UMW alumni, is critical to fulfillment of the Museum’s mission of preservation and education. All of our public programs are funded through the Friends of the James Monroe Museum, along with artifact conservation, publications, and special exhibitions. Last year, our Friends funded a student-produced traveling exhibit on Monroe’s 1817 northern states presidential tour that was seen by some 8,000 people in six states. YOUR support can help us develop the next traveling exhibit on Monroe’s 1819 southern tour, make it possible to save an invaluable artifact, and much more!
James Monroe Museum Donors
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This Video of a Father's Explanation to His Son About the Paris Attacks Went Hugely Viral
Kaila Hale-Stern
Filed to: memelandFiled to: memeland
memeland
angel le
brandon le
Angel Le and his six-year-old son Brandon were visiting a memorial in Paris when a reporter for Le Petit Journal stopped to ask a few questions. The resulting clip was shared more than 11 million times on Facebook, generated a tearful stream of tweets, and millions of views from around the world.
It’s not hard to see why the video became hugely popular, quickly subtitled into multiple languages and shared near and far. It’s heartbreaking and heartwarming at the same time to watch an adorable child struggle with the concept of terrorism and be reassured by his father. The elder Le’s take-away message is optimistic and idealistic, a welcome balm considering the terrible events and the subsequent fear-mongering that has dominated the news cycle. If only more exchanges about what happened were like this.
“They’ve got guns, they can shoot us because they’re really really mean, daddy,” says Brandon.
“They might have guns but we have flowers,” says his father.
“But flowers don’t do anything, they’re for, they’re for...”
“Of course they do, look, everyone is putting flowers. It’s to fight against guns,” Angel tells his son.
Angel Le has received an outpouring of support in the wake of the interview’s popularity, telling the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, “Now I’m walking down the street and a lot of people stop me and say ‘thank you for giving a good education to your son.’ I’m very surprised.”
The two didn’t set out on their memorial visit to become Internet famous, but it’s hard to imagine a better result of virality. I wish I could put this video into a time capsule for future generations as representative of the resilience of humanity.
[CBC.ca]
Recent from Kaila Hale-Stern
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The Scary New Evidence on BPA-Free Plastics
Posted by Alexandra | Mar 14, 2014 | Daily Blog | 0 |
And the Big Tobacco-style campaign to bury it.
—By Mariah Blake
| March/April 2014 Issue
Photographs by Evan Kafka
Update (3/3/14): After this story went to press, the US Food and Drug Administration published a paper finding that BPA was safe in low doses. However, the underlying testing was done on a strain of lab rat known as the Charles River Sprague Dawley, which doesn’t readily respond to synthetic estrogens, such as BPA. And, due to laboratory contamination, all of the animals—including the control group—were exposed to this chemical. Academic scientists say this raises serious questions about the study’s credibility. Stay tuned for more in-depth reporting on the shortcomings of the FDA’s most recent study.
Each night at dinnertime, a familiar ritual played out in Michael Green’s home: He’d slide a stainless steel sippy cup across the table to his two-year-old daughter, Juliette, and she’d howl for the pink plastic one. Often, Green gave in. But he had a nagging feeling. As an environmental-health advocate, he had fought to rid sippy cups and baby bottles of the common plastic additive bisphenol A (BPA), which mimics the hormone estrogen and has been linked to a long list of serious health problems. Juliette’s sippy cup was made from a new generation of BPA-free plastics, but Green, who runs the Oakland, California-based Center for Environmental Health, had come across research suggesting some of these contained synthetic estrogens, too.
Questions about the article? Join @MariahCBlake on Twitter tomorrow, March 4, at 9:00 a.m. PST for a live conversation. Tweet questions using #MoJoChats.
He pondered these findings as the center prepared for its anniversary celebration in October 2011. That evening, Green, a slight man with scruffy blond hair and pale-blue eyes, took the stage and set Juliette’s sippy cups on the podium. He recounted their nightly standoffs. “When she wins…every time I worry about what are the health impacts of the chemicals leaching out of that sippy cup,” he said, before listing some of the problems linked to those chemicals—cancer, diabetes, obesity. To help solve the riddle, he said, his organization planned to test BPA-free sippy cups for estrogenlike chemicals.
The center shipped Juliette’s plastic cup, along with 17 others purchased from Target, Walmart, and Babies R Us, to CertiChem, a lab in Austin, Texas. More than a quarter—including Juliette’s—came back positive for estrogenic activity. These results mirrored the lab’s findings in its broader National Institutes of Health-funded research on BPA-free plastics. CertiChem and its founder, George Bittner, who is also a professor of neurobiology at the University of Texas-Austin, had recently coauthored a paper in the NIH journal Environmental Health Perspectives. It reported that “almost all” commercially available plastics that were tested leached synthetic estrogens—even when they weren’t exposed to conditions known to unlock potentially harmful chemicals, such as the heat of a microwave, the steam of a dishwasher, or the sun’s ultraviolet rays. According to Bittner’s research, some BPA-free products actually released synthetic estrogens that were more potent than BPA.
Estrogen plays a key role in everything from bone growth to ovulation to heart function. Too much or too little, particularly in utero or during early childhood, can alter brain and organ development, leading to disease later in life. Elevated estrogen levels generally increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.
Estrogenic chemicals found in many common products have been linked to a litany of problems in humans and animals. According to one study, the pesticide atrazine can turn male frogs female. DES, which was once prescribed to prevent miscarriages, caused obesity, rare vaginal tumors, infertility, and testicular growths among those exposed in utero. Scientists have tied BPA to ailments including asthma, cancer, infertility, low sperm count, genital deformity, heart disease, liver problems, and ADHD. “Pick a disease, literally pick a disease,” says Frederick vom Saal, a biology professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia who studies BPA.
BPA exploded into the headlines in 2008, when stories about “toxic baby bottles” and “poison” packaging became ubiquitous. Good Morning America issued a “consumer alert.” The New York Times urged Congress to ban BPA in baby products. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) warned in the Huffington Post that “millions of infants are exposed to dangerous chemicals hiding in plain view.” Concerned parents purged their pantries of plastic containers, and retailers such as Walmart and Babies R Us started pulling bottles and sippy cups from shelves. Bills banning BPA in infant care items began to crop up in states around the country.
Today many plastic products, from sippy cups and blenders to Tupperware containers, are marketed as BPA-free. But Bittner’s findings—some of which have been confirmed by other scientists—suggest that many of these alternatives share the qualities that make BPA so potentially harmful.
Those startling results set off a bitter fight with the $375-billion-a-year plastics industry. The American Chemistry Council, which lobbies for plastics makers and has sought to refute the science linking BPA to health problems, has teamed up with Tennessee-based Eastman Chemical—the maker of Tritan, a widely used plastic marketed as being free of estrogenic activity—in a campaign to discredit Bittner and his research. The company has gone so far as to tell corporate customers that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rejected Bittner’s testing methods. (It hasn’t.) Eastman also sued CertiChem and its sister company, PlastiPure, to prevent them from publicizing their findings that Tritan is estrogenic, convincing a jury that its product displayed no estrogenic activity. And it launched a PR blitz touting Tritan’s safety, targeting the group most vulnerable to synthetic estrogens: families with young children. “It can be difficult for consumers to tell what is really safe,” the vice president of Eastman’s specialty plastics division, Lucian Boldea, said in one web video, before an image of a pregnant woman flickered across the screen. With Tritan, he added, “consumers can feel confident that the material used in their products is free of estrogenic activity.”
“A poison kills you,” says biology professor Frederick vom Saal. “A chemical like BPA reprograms your cells and ends up causing a disease in your grandchild that kills him.”
Eastman’s offensive is just the latest in a wide-ranging industry campaign to cast doubt on the potential dangers of plastics in food containers, packaging, and toys—a campaign that closely resembles the methods Big Tobacco used to stifle scientific evidence about the dangers of smoking. Indeed, in many cases, the plastics and chemical industries have relied on the same scientists and consultants who defended Big Tobacco. These efforts, detailed in internal industry documents revealed during Bittner’s legal battle with Eastman, have sown public confusion and stymied US regulation, even as BPA bans have sprung up elsewhere in the world. They have also squelched debate about the safety of plastics more generally. All the while, evidence is mounting that the products so prevalent in our daily lives may be leaching toxic chemicals into our bodies, with consequences affecting not just us, but many generations to come.
The fight over the safety of plastics traces back to 1987, when Theo Colborn, a 60-year-old grandmother with a recent Ph.D. in zoology, was hired to investigate mysterious health problems in wildlife around the Great Lakes. Working for the Washington, DC-based Conservation Foundation (now part of the World Wildlife Fund), she began collecting research papers. Before long, her tiny office was stacked floor to ceiling with cardboard boxes of studies detailing a bewildering array of maladies—cancer, shrunken sexual organs, plummeting fertility, immune suppression, birds born with crossed beaks and missing eyes. Some species also suffered from a bizarre syndrome that caused seemingly healthy chicks to waste away and die.
While the afflictions and species varied widely, Colborn eventually realized they had two factors in common: The young were hardest hit, and, in one way or another, all of the animals’ symptoms were linked to the endocrine system, the network of glands that controls growth, metabolism, and brain function, with hormones as its chemical messengers. The system also plays a key role in fetal development. Colborn suspected that synthetic hormones in pesticides, plastics, and other products acted as “hand-me-down poisons,” with parents’ exposure causing affliction in their offspring. Initially, her colleagues were skeptical. But Colborn collected data and tissue samples from far-flung wildlife populations and unearthed previously overlooked studies that supported her theory. By 1996, when Colborn copublished her landmark book Our Stolen Future, she had won over many skeptics. Based partly on her research, Congress passed a law that year requiring the EPA to screen some 80,000 chemicals—most of which had never undergone any type of safety testing—for endocrine-disrupting effects and report back by 2000.
Around this time, the University of Missouri’s vom Saal, a garrulous biologist who previously worked as a bush pilot in Kenya, began studying the effects of synthetic estrogens on fetal mouse development. The first substance he tested was BPA, a chemical used in clear, hard plastics, particularly the variety known as polycarbonate, to make them more flexible and durable. (It’s also found in everyday items, from dental sealants and hospital blood bags to cash register receipts and the lining of tin cans.) Naturally occurring estrogens bind with proteins in the blood, limiting the amount that reaches estrogen receptors. But vom Saal found this wasn’t true of BPA, which bypassed the body’s natural barrier system and burrowed deep into the cells of laboratory mice.
Vom Saal suspected this would make BPA “a hell of a lot more potent” in small doses. Working with colleagues Susan Nagel and Wade Welshons, a professor of veterinary biology, he began testing the effects of BPA at amounts 25 times lower than the EPA’s safety threshold. In the late 1990s, they published two studies finding that male mice whose mothers were exposed to these low doses during pregnancy had enlarged prostates and low sperm counts. Even in microscopic quantities, it seemed, BPA could cause the kinds of dire health problems Colborn had found in wildlife. Before long, other scientists began turning up ailments among animals exposed to minute doses of BPA.
These findings posed a direct threat to plastics and chemical makers, which fought back using tactics the tobacco makers had refined to an art form. By the late 1990s, when tobacco companies agreed to drop deceptive marketing practices under a settlement agreement with 46 states, many of the scientists and consultants on the industry’s payroll transitioned seamlessly into defending BPA.
Plastics and chemical interests worked closely with the Weinberg Group, which had run Big Tobacco’s White Coat Project—an effort to recruit scientists to create doubt about the health effects of secondhand smoke. Soon Weinberg, which bills itself as a “product defense” firm, was churning out white papers and lobbying regulators. It also underwrote a trade group with its own scientific journal, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, which published studies finding BPA was safe.
The industry also worked hand in glove with the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, a think tank affiliated with the university’s school of public health that has a history of accepting donations from corporations and then publishing research favorable to their products. In the early 1990s, its founder, John D. Graham—who was later tapped as George W. Bush’s regulatory czar—lobbied to quash an EPA finding that secondhand smoke caused lung cancer, while soliciting large contributions from Philip Morris.
In 2001, as studies on BPA stacked up, the American Chemistry Council enlisted the center to convene a panel of scientists to investigate low-dose BPA. The center paid panelists $12,000 to attend three meetings, according to Fast Company. Their final report, released in 2004, drew on just a few industry-favored studies and concluded that the evidence that low-dose BPA exposure harmed human health was “very weak.” By this point, roughly 100 studies on low-dose BPA were in circulation. Not a single industry-funded study found it harmful, but 90 percent of those by government-funded scientists discovered dramatic effects, ranging from an increased breast cancer risk to hyperactivity. Four of the 12 panelists later insisted the center scrub their names from the report because of questions about its accuracy.
Chemical interests, meanwhile, forged deep inroads with the Bush administration, allowing them to covertly steer the regulatory process. For decades, the Food and Drug Administration has assured lawmakers and the public that BPA is safe in low doses. But a 2008 investigation by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel revealed that the agency had relied on industry lobbyists to track and evaluate BPA research, and had based its safety assessment largely on two industry-funded studies—one of which had never been published or peer reviewed.
The panel the EPA appointed to develop guidelines for its congressionally mandated endocrine disruptor screening was also stocked with industry-backed scientists. It included Chris Borgert, a toxicology consultant who had worked closely with Philip Morris to discredit EPA research on secondhand smoke. He later served as the president of the International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, the Weinberg Group-sponsored outfit, which met in the offices of a plastics lobbyist.
Members of the EPA panel say Borgert seemed determined to sandbag the process. “He was always delaying, always trying to confuse the issue,” recalls one participant. And the screening approach the EPA settled on came straight from the industry’s playbook. Among other things, the chemicals would be tested on a type of rat known as the Charles River Sprague Dawley—which, oddly, doesn’t respond to synthetic hormones like BPA.
“Like the tobacco companies, they want to set up a standard of proof that is unreachable,” says Stanton Glantz. “If they set the standard of proof, they’ve won the fight.”
How best to test for estrogenic activity would become a key front in the fight over plastic safety. The American Chemistry Council joined forces with an unlikely ally, PETA, to fight large-scale chemical-safety testing on animals. At the same time, Borgert and other industry-funded scientists made the case that the other common method for testing—using cells that respond in the presence of estrogen—did not necessarily tell us how a substance would affect animals or humans. In fact, a massive, ongoing NIH-run study has found that cell-based tests track closely with animal studies, which have accurately predicted the effects of synthetic estrogens, particularly DES and BPA, on humans.
Stanton Glantz, who directs the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California-San Francisco, argues the chemical industry’s real aim in challenging specific testing methods is to undermine safety testing altogether. “Like the tobacco companies, they want to set up a standard of proof that is unreachable,” he says. “If they set the standard of proof, they’ve won the fight.”
During the height of the battle over BPA, vom Saal periodically traveled to Texas and huddled around the dining table with his old friend George Bittner, whose home overlooks a walnut grove on the outskirts of Austin. Bittner, who holds a Ph.D. in neuroscience from Stanford, is quirky and irascible. But he has a brilliant mind for science and an interest in applying it to real-world problems—in his lab at UT-Austin, he had developed a nerve-regeneration technique that had helped crippled rats walk within days. And he had taken a keen interest in vom Saal’s research on endocrine disruption. “It struck me as the most important public health issue of our time,” Bittner told me when we met at his lab. “These chemicals have been correlated with so many adverse effects in animal studies, and they’re so pervasive. The potential implications for human health boggle the mind.”
In the late 1990s, Bittner—a squat, ruddy man with thinning red hair and Napoleon Dynamite glasses who had made a tidy sum investing in real estate and commodities—began mulling the idea of launching a private company that worked with manufacturers and public health organizations to test products for endocrine disruptors. He believed this approach could help raise awareness and break the regulatory logjam—while also reaping a profit.
In 2002, armed with a $91,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health, Bittner launched a pair of companies: CertiChem, to test plastics and other products for synthetic estrogens, and PlastiPure, to find or develop nonestrogenic alternatives. Bittner then enlisted Welshons to design a special test using a line of breast cancer cells, which multiply rapidly in the presence of estrogen. It features a robotic arm, which is far more precise than a human hand in handling microscopic material.
But before long Bittner began butting heads with Welshons and vom Saal. Bittner wanted the researchers to sign over the rights to the test Welshons had developed, while they insisted it belonged to the University of Missouri. Eventually, they had a bitter falling out. Welshons and vom Saal filed a complaint with the NIH, alleging that Bittner had misrepresented data from Welshons’ lab in a brochure. (Bittner maintains that he merely excluded data from contaminated samples; the institute found no evidence of wrongdoing.) Bittner, meanwhile, enlisted V. Craig Jordan, a pharmacology professor at Georgetown University with an expertise in hormones—he discovered a now-common hormone therapy that blocks the spread of breast cancer—to refine the testing protocol. By 2005, Bittner had opened a commercial lab in a leafy office park in Austin. He managed to attract some big-name clients, including Whole Foods, which hired CertiChem to advise it on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and test some of its products.
At this point, BPA was among the most studied chemicals on the planet. In November 2006, vom Saal and a top official at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences convened a group of 38 leading researchers from various disciplines to evaluate the 700-plus existing studies on the subject. The group later issued a “consensus statement” that laid out some chilling conclusions: More than 95 percent of people in developed countries were exposed to levels of BPA that are “within the range” associated with health problems in animals, from cancer and insulin-resistant diabetes to early puberty. The scientists also found that there was “great cause for concern with regard to the potential for similar adverse effects in humans,” especially given the steep uptick in these same disorders.
At the same time, a new body of research was finding that BPA altered animals’ genes in ways that caused disease. For instance, it could switch off a gene that suppresses tumor growth, allowing cancer to spread. These genetic changes were passed down across generations. “A poison kills you,” vom Saal explains. “A chemical like BPA reprograms your cells and ends up causing a disease in your grandchild that kills him.”
Next Page: Eastman’s senior toxicologist called this an “oh shit moment.”
Page 1 of 2Next
Mariah Blake
ReporterMariah Blake is a reporter in Mother Jones‘ DC bureau. Got a tip? E-mail her at mblake [at] motherjones [dot] com. She’s also on Twitter. RSS | Twitter
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freetraveller15 —
freetraveller15
my Prince of Persia premiere, London 9 May 2010
London, Westfield
Prince of Persia World premiere
What an incredible day!!!
My head is still buzzing! And it's over 24 hours after I've seen Jake on the red carpet, just a couple of inches from me (I was standing in second 'row' so fortunately I could get a very good look!...). I'd never hoped to be able to see Jake so close by this time. The last time, at the Rome Film Festival in October 2007, I was there, but not outside by the red carpet, 'cause I had tickets for the Rendition premiere and we were shoved inside by security staff before I could get a closer look at him... but in the end I was able to see him about 10 metres away, right inside the screening hall, when he walked inside to take a seat just a few row behind where my friend and I were sitting...
Anyway, this time the feeling was different, like I could... grab him, he was so close.
No doubt some of you will have read many other reports and seen pictures and clips of the event from many other sources, far more professional than me, but to me this premiere was really special in many ways. I'd seen some other Gyllenhaalics I'd met before not far from where I was standing, but as time went by and people started filling up the stands it wasn't that easy to socialize with anybody for fear of losing your vantage position... Plus some fans were shouting and pushing, and though some seemed like genuine fans who'd made a special effort to be there from other countries too, others just kept annoying me, 'cause it just seemed they were there just to get an autograph from *any* celebrity, not that they were specially there for Jake or Gemma or others... A few of them standing close to me had never heard of Jake before then *eye roll*
Fortunately, I'd arrived at Westfield well on time (3 hours before the 'warm up' was due to start) and that enabled me to, ehm, get a Prince of Persia purple bracelet from security (that's now permanently stuck to my wrist!...) meaning I was part of the crowd who was free to come in and out of the 'pen' by the red carpet and still get guaranteed access till about half an hour before the event. By the time cast and crew started to arrive, they seemed to be spending an exceedingly amount of time being photographed outside, and especially, once inside they were being ushered towards the opposite side of the red carpet to where we were, being photographed and interviewed there, because that's where the foreign press was. And between us and where the stars were we couldn't see much, despite it was a only a couple of metres, because the red carpet was being constantly filled by all the invited guests to the preview screening, and therefore we couldn't actually see much beyond this 'wall' of people flowing in... So it felt like Gemma and Jake & al. *were* near, but we couldn't see them!... Oh, the frustration!...
When it seemed like Gemma and Jake had finished with the press and photographers, they were being ushered towards the centre of the stage (where they were later interviewed), and we were growing desperate we had missed them completely, that they'd never come back to where we were... But fortunately first Gemma came back to *our* section, to sign some autographs, and a few minutes later, after a very vocal group inside our pen kept shouting "WE WANT JAKE, WE WANT JAKE!" louder and louder, Jake came back too!!! And that's when the general squeeing started for real!!! it all happened in a few seconds, so everything was a blur in my already buzzing head at that point, but although my presence of mind failed me completely and made me unable to hold my camera & take some close-up pictures not to mention get an autograph from him, at least I was present enough to stare at him like a teenager and just revel in the sight of this gorgeous man :) more gorgeous than any of his screen appearances, if that's possible...
Whether it was him or his bodyguard bowing to fans' relentless shouting, I'm glad he came back... the whole way he behaved, from what I could see first hand, and heard from others later, just speaks volumes about how much he cares about his fans. He'd already taken several pictures with fans, especially by the entrance, before he was whisked out to the 'wrong' side of the red carpet, and now with us, though he couldn't linger for too long, he still found time to chit-chat besides signing autographs, and just being Jake :) There's this unassuming, friendly, gracious side of his behaviour in public that just can't help casting a spell on you, and I know several others who were there felt the same. Some were not new to red carpet Jake appearances, others were: no matter what, everybody was spellbound.
Among our crowd, there was also a man carrying a 3 or 4-year old boy on his shoulders who was impeccably dressed as a mini-Prince of Persia, sword and armour and all! He was so cute, he actually resembled the actor playing young Jake in the movie! At one point this boy drew his sword and started brandishing like he'd done that since he was born! And he also kept taking pictures as soon as stars were arriving, and I've read other fans' accounts who were closer to this boy than I was, that when Jake saw him and the boy's father asked Jake if he didn't mind taking a pic with his son, Jake readily accepted, and I can easily believe how cute those pics will be. I'm sorry I missed all this exchange among all the shouting and general craziness around me, but I guess I'll try to be better prepared next time (aka train myself to be able to look into multiple directions at the same time...)
Anyway, here are some pics of how the central stage looked two hours before the stars showed up. Free runners were warming up at that point and fans kept coming and filling up all the available space (I took these pics from the 1st floor of the shopping centre, during my one and only "recreational break" out of the pen downstairs):
And this is the best I could do as soon as Jake was discernible through the crowd, moments before he came nearer, answering to the "WE WANT JAKE" call!...
The two blonde women were the only 'obstacle' between me and Jake... as I said, I was in second row and they were fortunately a little less tall than me.
Because my tongue became *inexplicably* tied, I couldn't exchange any words with him, but I know a few others in front of me did and not surprisingly fell under the spell of his easy charm and humour. It was clear he was enjoying the attention and happy to be there to promote this film, that will attract the attention of a far wider audience than his previous films.
Personally, compared to how I thought he looked the last time I saw him, I thought yesterday he looked more relaxed and more approachable, sweet and gorgeous as always, and, strangely enough, less tall than I thought he seemed in 2007. I think it's got to do with the closer distance and maybe the dark, three-piece suit he was wearing, which by the way was impeccable, together with perfectly matched polka dot pocket handkerchief.
After that, he had to move to different sections of the red carpet, including a section with other fans who'd won a competition to be able to stand there, and then the cast and crew finally stood on the central platform for some interviews, based on questions from fans from all over the world.
Because by now I had sufficiently recovered from seeing Jake so close, I was able to take some more pics of him and the rest of the cast/crew being interviewed by Alex Zane on stage:
(Ok, this pic is just to show that *other* people were being interviewed besides Jake.... just in case you think I'm too biased..................... yeah, right!)
After that, though the stars gradually made their way out and up the stairs to the cinema, the stage was filled with free runners and parkour acrobats doing all sorts of gravity-defying numbers, and they were really good. Though at that point my head was spinning so much I could barely see what was in front of me...
The day before, at the last moment, I managed to get a couple of tickets for me and a close friend. Apparently the film last night was taking 7 screens, and although we were not in the screen with the stars, we were pretty lucky to have gotten 3rd-row seats.
The film was very good, very gripping. Even though I'm not much into action films, I did enjoy it. It's very fast-paced from the start and throughout, even in those scenes where there's a little less action. Once again, Jake's screen-piercing, special 'luminous' quality upstaged everyone on screen, so even in action movies he's always "Jake". The scenery and special effects were very good, but I'll probably appreciate them better at a second viewing...:) and that includes the plot... yes, I could barely follow that either!
This was such a memorable weekend for me, starting with Jake's appearance on the Jonathan Ross show on Friday and culminating with yesterday's world premiere . As I said, I'm not much into action movies and blockbusters, and yet I'm happy Jake got a chance to star in this one.
I haven't read any movie review so far. I know there was a press screening in London on Friday, but official reviews will probably be under embargo until the movie's official opening day...
Some of the official red carpet photos are here
And finally, here's a short clip I recorded from the stage interview. I'm sorry for the poor sound quality, but I assure you it was not much better if you were there. The background chatter from where I was hadn't relented a bit, it actually seemed to grow, as people started comparing notes after seeing Jake at first hand...
~Please do not repost my images and videos without permission. Thanks.
Current Mood: giddy
jake,
Hi F., thanks for your comment!
(sorry for my late reply: I had two very busy weeks)
FYI, the cute little kid dressed as mini-Prince that I mentioned in my post comes up in various clips uploaded to youtube in the meantime, for example
by himself at 00:07"
and towards the end, with Jake holding him and taking pics, at 01:47"
I don't know who's the cuter, Jake or the kid!
The mini-Prince is also here, brandishing his sword, at 00:12" :)
Even I was caught on camera, on this ET clip, at about 00:50"
I wish I hadn't, but there you go...:( At least it shows I was really close to him... :)
Yes, he looks so young, I agree! I dare say, he looked younger than when I saw him two years ago. There's a boyish quality to his looks that you can't help but notice. And who knows, maybe he was affected by the general enthusiasm from fans all around him, and the type of movie PoP is, compared to his usual 'indie' and more serious fare...
freetraveller15 : (no subject) [+0]
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Tag Archives: Fun Facts
Did You Know? Twin Peaks Edition
David Lynch and Michael Anderson, a.k.a. the Man From Another Place. Photo by Richard Beymer.
Warning: Contains spoilers for Twin Peaks (and also The Simpsons Season 7. Don’t ask why, these things just happen.)
So, it looks like Lynch and Frost have hit another snag in their most anticipated project, and the new season of Twin Peaks has been postponed until 2017. We Peakers have to put up with a lot sometimes, don’t we? But we’re patient people when it comes to our favorite series, and we’ve already waited 25 years, so what’s the harm in one more? To help you kill time and make it to 2017, I’ve compiled some fun facts that even you may not know about our beloved Twin Peaks.
Laura and her Doppelganger, Marilyn Monroe.
Did you know? Before they began developing Twin Peaks, David Lynch and Mark Frost were attempting to do an adaptation of the Marilyn Monroe biography, which would have been titled Goddess. However, they could not acquire the rights, so some of the elements of their screenplay found their way into Twin Peaks, helping to form Laura’s character especially: She’s a blonde beauty queen, idolized by everyone but with many dark secrets including drug addiction and sexual abuse, who had an affair with a rich and powerful man, and it is suspected that she was killed because she possessed some sensitive information regarding him.
Did you know? Mark Frost comes from a talented family: The role of Doc Hayward is played by Warren Frost, his father, who also worked in theater as an actor and stage director. Mark’s sister Lindsay is an actress, and his brother Scott is a writer.
Did you know? Twin Peaks was partly inspired by the 1944 film noir Laura. Elements lifted from the film are, of course, the name Laura, the use of a murdered woman’s diary to solve a crime, the names Waldo and Lydecker, and a detective seeing a murdered woman in person after her death.
Did you know? David Lynch’s daughter, Jennifer Lynch, is a director in her own right. Her filmography includes Boxing Helena (1993), Surveillance (2008), and even an episode of The Walking Dead! Jennifer Lynch was also the one given the task of writing The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer, and as such, she was one of three people who were told the identity of the killer.
Did you know? Three Twin Peaks actors appeared in the 1987 movie RoboCop: Ray Wise (Leland Palmer) played Leon Nash, Miguel Ferrer (Albert Rosenfield) played Bob Morton, and Dan O’Herlihy (Andrew Packard) played the unforgettable character known as “the Old Man.”
Ray Wise with his buddies in RoboCop.
Did you know? Sheryl Lee, who played Laura Palmer and Maddy Ferguson, makes a cameo appearance in the 2007 film Winter’s Bone. When she is first shown, a song is playing in the background, with lyrics that say, “I wonder if you still remember me, or has time erased your memory? As I listen to the breeze whisper gently through the threes, I wonder if you still remember me.” These lyrics are greatly reminiscent of the song Lynch and Badalamenti wrote for the final episode of Twin Peaks, “Sycamore Trees,” which features the lyrics, “and I’ll see you and you’ll see me, and I’ll see you in the branches that blow, in the trees.” Perhaps the director of Winter’s Bone is a Twin Peaks fan?
Did you know? The actress who plays Sandy’s mother in Blue Velvet is Hope Lange, who starred in the movie Peyton Place, which is credited as a source of inspiration for Twin Peaks: It’s about a small town that looks on the surface to be the American Dream, but in truth, it harbors many dark secrets.
Hope Lange in Peyton Place (1957)
Did you know? Pretty much every David Lynch film has featured a night club, usually with its own unique singer. Twin Peaks and Fire Walk With Me have the Roadhouse, where Julee Cruise’s band performs, and the Bang Bang Bar. Blue Velvet has the Slow Club where Dororthy Valens sings. Wild At Heart shows Sailor at a club singing Elvis Presley’s “Love Me.” In Lost Highway, Fred plays saxophone with a band at an unnamed club. Mulholland Drive features the infamous Club Silencio, where Rebekah Del Rio sings a Spanish version of Roy Orbison’s “Crying.” And in Inland Empire, Nikki/Sue runs into a night club where a burlesque dancer is performing.
Did you know? Clarence Williams III, who, in the second season of Twin Peaks, played Roger Hardy from Internal Affairs, appeared in the Mod Squad with Peggy Lipton (Norma Jennings).
Did you know? Alicia Witt, who played Donna’s little sister Gerstin (the pianist) is still acting. She has appeared in recent series such as Justified and House of Lies.
Alicia Witt, a.k.a. Gerstin Hayward, in 2015
Did you know? Sheriff Truman has a mounted deer head in his office, beneath which is a plaque declaring “The Buck Stopped Here.” This is a reference to President Harry Truman’s motto, “The Buck Stops Here.”
Did you know? Frank Silva (who played Killer BOB) was originally just a set dresser for Twin Peaks. However, his reflection was accidentally filmed in a scene in the pilot, which led to Lynch, who often utilizes accidents creatively, conceiving of the character BOB, and cast Silva in the role.
Did you know? Nearly all of Lynch’s films have had at least one actor from Twin Peaks:
Eraserhead has Jack Nance (Pete Martell) and Charlotte Stewart (Betty Briggs), and Catherine Coulson (The Log Lady) was behind the scenes. (She was originally going to be in the movie, but her scenes were cut.)
Blue Velvet has Kyle MacLachlan (Agent Cooper) and Jack Nance. Lynch also planned to have Isabella Rossellini appear in Twin Peaks, but she turned down the role which afterward went to Joan Chen.
Dune has Jack Nance and Kyle MacLachlan.
Wild at Heart has cameos from Jack Nance, Sheryl Lee (Laura Palmer and Maddy Fergusson) and Sherilyn Fenn (Audrey Horne)
Lost Highway has Jack Nance in a brief cameo, which also happens to be his last appearance.
The Straight Story features Everett McGill (Ed Hurley).
Mulholland Drive briefly features Michael Anderson (The Man from Another Place) as the mysterious Mr Roq.
Inland Empire has a cameo from Grace Zabriskie.
The only feature film to not contain an actor from the Twin Peaks series is The Elephant Man, which also happens to be the only Lynch film not to feature Jack Nance prior to his death in 1997.
Did you know? Jack Nance and Michael Horse (Deputy Hawk) also appear in David Lynch’s short, The Cowboy and the Frenchman (1987). Nance’s character is also called Pete.
Did you know? Jack Nance and Catherine Coulson were married from 1968-1976. Coulson jokingly accredited their divorce to the fact that she was Nance’s hairdresser for Eraserhead.
How many happy relationships must this monstrous coif destroy before it is satisfied?!
Did you know? Jennifer Lynch was largely given creative control over The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer, aside from a few notes given by David Lynch and Mark Frost. Writing on a computer, she completed the first draft of the book in nine days, but, after flying to New York, found that the information was completely missing. This forced her to rewrite the entire thing, this time using a typewriter, to avoid any technical mishaps.
Did you know? Sherilyn Fenn insisted to the writers that it isn’t really possible to tie a cherry stem with with your tongue.
Did you know? Angelo Badalamenti has provided music for all of Lynch’s works from Blue Velvet (1986) to Mulholland Drive (2001). Inland Empire was the first film since Blue Velvet not to contain any work by the composer. Instead, Lynch drew mostly from pre-recorded materials by artists such as Nina Simone, Beck, and Ella Fitzgerald. Incidentally, Chrysta Bell, who co-wrote and sang “Polish Poem” for the soundtrack, has done a live cover of Beck’s “Black Tambourine,” which also appears on the soundtrack.
Did you know? Twin Peaks has a real-life connection to Marilyn Monroe: Actor Miguel Ferrer (Albert Rosenfield) was held by Marilyn Monroe as a baby, when his mother, actress and singer Rosemary Clooney, attended one of Monroe’s parties.
Did you know? Both Kyle MacLachlan and Lara Flynn Boyle actually hate cherry pie.
It kind of ruins the fantasy to realize that, behind that thumbs up, he’s revolted.
Did you know? The character of Maddy Ferguson originally wasn’t part of the plan: Lynch and Frost invented her pretty much at the last minute as a way to keep Sheryl Lee in the show. The character’s name is a blatant reference to one of Lynch’s favorite films, Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo, which stars Jimmy Stewart as Scottie Ferguson and Kim Novak as Madeleine Elster.
Did you know? Jack Nance’s real, full name is Marvin John Nance.
Did you know? Mrs Tremond’s grandson was, in the series, played by David Lynch’s son, Austin Jack Lynch. He also showed up seventeen years later, in his father’s feature film Inland Empire (he is sitting on the couch in Devon’s dressing room). Austin Lynch also works as a director, though with a much smaller filmography than his dad: He filmed “The Making of…” documentary for the DVD extras for the film The New World (2005).
Austin Jack Lynch, all grown up.
Did you know? Angelo Badalamenti sings on the track “A Real Indication” from the Fire Walk With Me soundtrack. The song was invented on the spot, inspired by Bobby and Laura’s interaction at the school.
Did you know? To keep information from leaking to the public when the identity of Laura’s killer was revealed, different versions of Maddy’s murder were filmed: One with just Leland, one with just BOB, and one with Ben Horne. The Simpsons later parodied this in their episode “The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular,” which shows a alternate outcomes for the episode “Who Shot Mr. Burns Part 2,” wherein Mr. Burns’s assistant Smithers is revealed to be the killer. This was also allegedly created to keep the real killer’s identity from leaking to the public. Also, “Who Shot Mr. Burns Part 2” contains two Twin Peaks parodies: Its title is a play on the tagline “Who killed Laura Palmer,” and there is a scene where the police chief dreams of a Black Lodge-like place, where a “backwards-talking [girl] with flaming cards” gives him obscure clues. He awakes from the dream with his hair stuck in a cowlick, the same way Cooper awakes from his Black Lodge dream.
Did you know? References to Twin Peaks have appeared in countless shows. Psyche had its own Twin Peaks tribute episode which guest-starred many of the cast members. Adult Swim’s The Eric Andre Show parodied the Twin Peaks opening and used the tagline “Who Killed Hannibal?” (Hannibal Buress is the show’s co-host.) The Simpsons have referenced it three times (two are listed above), the third time showing a flashback of Homer watching Twin Peaks in the early 90s. Comedian Eddie Pepitone, in his special In Ruins, Laura Palmer’s murder as a key reference in one of his jokes. Even Buffy the Vampire Slayer has referenced Twin Peaks twice (arguably): One episode takes place in the characters’ dreams, which are being controlled by a supernatural entity, and one dream features the character Willow walking down a hallway of red curtains. In another episode, Buffy references Lynch’s nonlinear film-making with the line, “Is that why time went all David Lynch?”
Buffy Summers has good taste in cinema.
Did you know? Twin Peaks was nominated for the 2014 TCA Heritage Award, along with Lost, South Park, Saturday Night Live, and Star Trek. It lost to Saturday Night Live.
Did you know? Speaking of Twin Peaks and Star Trek, many actors from Twin Peaks have also appeared on the various incarnations of Star Trek, including Ray Wise (Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Voyager), Madchen Amick, (Star Trek: The Next Generation) Wendy Robie (Deep Space 9), and Miguel Ferrer (feature film Star Trek III: The Search for Spock).
Wendy Robie in Stark Trek: Deep Space Nine.
Did you know? Twin Peaks has inspired a number of songs, including “Wrapped in Plastic” by Marilyn Manson, “Spark” by Tori Amos, and “Nadine Hurley” by London punk girl band Skinny Girl Diet.
Did you know? The actors who played Ed and Nadine Hurley, Everett McGill and Wendy Robie respectively, also played a husband and wife in the 1991 horror film The People Under the Stairs.
Did you know? Twin Peaks has inspired many television shows, including Psyche, American Horror Story, Wayward Pines, Lost, True Detective, Louie (which had David Lynch himself guest-star in two episodes) and Hemlock Grove, to name just a few. Feature films inspired by Twin Peaks include Lake Mungo, Requiem for a Dream, and Donnie Darkko.
Did you know? Twin Peaks has also inspired several video games, such as the Silent Hill series, and the supernatural detective game Alan Wake. Even the popular game series The Legend of Zelda has drawn from Twin Peaks: Its 4th installment, Link’s Awakening, takes the protagonist to a dream world full of strange individuals who speak in cryptic phrases. It even includes a mysterious forest and an owl that is not what it seems. Some of these Twin Peaks-inspired elements would go on to recur throughout the series. In one of the games, the mysterious owl serves as a disguise for a wise old man who aids the protagonist. It seems even in video games, the owls are not what they seem.
Like BOB, the wise man in the Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time disguises himself as an owl.
That’s all for this edition. I hope you learned some interesting new info. Know any more fun facts about Twin Peaks? Post them in the comments below! I’ll see you again in 25 years. Meanwhile…
5 Comments Posted in David Lynch, Mark Frost, Television, Twin Peaks Tagged #PeaksFreaks, #TwinPeaksFreaks, Agent Cooper, Alicia Witt, Angelo Badalamenti, Austin Jack Lynch, Blue Velvet, Catherine Coulson, Cherry Pie, David Lynch, Did You Know, Eraserhead, Everett McGill, Fire Walk With Me, Frank Silva, Fun Facts, Grace Zabriskie, Hope Lange, Inland Empire, Isabella Rossellini, Jack Nance, Jennifer Lynch, Joan Chen, Killer BOB, Kyle MacLachlan, Lara Flynn Boyle, Lost Highway, Madchen Amick, Marilyn Monroe, Mark Frost, Michael Anderson, Miquel Ferrer, Mulholland Drive, Owls, Peggy Lipton, Ray Wise, Sherilyn Fenn, Sheryl Lee, Star Trek, The Legend of Zelda, The Owls are not what they seem, The Simpsons, Twin Peaks, Warren Frost, Wendy Robie, Who Killed Laura Palmer?
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Words from Beyond: Andersen’s “True Believers” Keeps Score (1960’s Radicals: 1, Occupiers: 0)
by Adira Rotstein | Jun 7, 2013 | Geek News
Podcast listeners may recognize Kurt Andersen’s name from the popular Studio 360 podcast, from NPR, but did you also know he recently published a speculative fiction novel? True Believers takes place a few years in the future, where Karen Hollander, a woman who was in college in the 1960s contrasts her life as a 60s radical to that of her granddaughter Waverly, a teenager involved in occupy-style protests against the G20.
The parts set in the future are well observed. Too often when writing about the near future, authors make the world too different to make such extreme change in society and technology believable. The nice thing about the future world we see in glimpses in True Believers is how slyly changes are introduced. At first it seems like we are in the present, but then things like ankle bracelets that monitor a runner’s health, robots that do small assistive tasks for elderly people, and people that live a little longer than most people do now are introduced. Every technology we see in the depiction of the near future is a technology or trend that already exists but is currently too expensive to be widely available or still in the beta testing phase. It was clear the author did plenty of research on future trends, which was much appreciated by this reviewer.
Still, for my money the most intriguing parts of True Believers were the parts about the 60s. I think True Believers is as real a slice of the 60s as I’m ever likely to get without travelling back in time. Andersen really made the decade and young people’s concerns of the time really come alive. There are many little details that he also points out that help explain why certain aspects of our society, such as awareness of news events in foreign lands by the public have changed so much in the intervening years. For example, how many of you realized that back in the late 1960s the news was only 15 minutes long? Now we have horrors from all over the globe streaming at us 24/7 on CNN and news programs run for an hour.
As someone who protested the Iraq war in university, lived in the United States during the invasion and owned a bumper sticker that read “Bush + Dick = America gets fucked”, I always felt both inspired by the 60’s radicals and surprised by their occasional naievete and arrogance. I read American Pastoral by Phillip Roth and despite his talent as a novelist, thought he totally missed the boat in his portrayal of a 60s radical. However, I suppose he is of a generation that was already past drafting age during the Vietnam War, and his view of what happened during that time shows the befuddlement of that older generation that really didn’t understand what all the fuss was about.
The one aspect of True Believers that I thought could have been dealt with better was the Occupy protests. Because that moment in history is seen through Waverly’s eyes and Waverly is still just a teenager, her and her friends’ involvement in the protests is seen more as rich kids dabbling in activism. The actual problems the Occupy protests were against aren’t explained so we never see the justification for the protests. Perhaps it was indeed the unfocused, impotent protest it is depicted as in the novel but the problems of the out of control banking systems around the world were very real and they mainly affected young, working age people, a few years older than Waverly and her protester friends.
Some of Karen’s attitudes to the modern world betray a common complacency to the problems facing young working people by the older baby boomer generation. In the novel she practices the interesting thought exercise of her college self from the 1960s would make of our modern era. She concludes that she would be surprised that it all turned out fine and that the new generation is much luckier because we have access to tons of data and books through the internet, equal rights and legalized abortion. Personally, I think she kind of missed the boat there. Our world might look fine to a college kid from the 1960s, but if she had to really live in our world and by that I mean work in our world, with a bachelor’s degree in arts, she would have no prospects. Most people over the age of 50 in our current workforce would never have been able to get the jobs they have now with the level of education they were required to attain back then. There are so many more people now and so much more competition. Back then, people like Karen could make mistakes and do drugs and still get into the best universities and enter a workplace with plenty of jobs for the taking. Now the competition is fierce beyond belief.
The modern job crisis is a problem of demographics. There is a large population of over 50s who are still healthy and can work well into their 70s, taking jobs that previously would have been vacated by retirees. Also, now there are robots on assembly lines doing much of the work previously performed by industrial workers and companies fleeing developed countries to manufacture goods in places where workers have fewer rights and they can pay them poorly. These are three of the many reasons why jobs for people my age have dried up and wages have stagnated, while the price of goods keeps increasing. No one can afford to live on a single salary anymore and everyone is working part-time, contract jobs with no job security. Immigration from Canada to other countries for employment is made more difficult as previously open countries like the U.S. and U.K. try to pull up the gangway and save jobs for their own citizens, while claiming it is in order to keep dangerous security threats out. The harder it is for people to immigrate legally, the more illegal immigrants multiply, forcing wages down even more.
We have a lot, it is true. We are lucky that starvation and infectious disease aren’t the scourges they were in my grandparents’ time. Through modern birth control methods we can prevent ourselves from having children we can’t afford to care for. The poor in Canada and the U.S. are certainly not as unfortunate as the poor in the developing world.
But we don’t live in the developing world. We compare ourselves to the people we see around us, to our peers, parents and our grandparents. The truth is, when my parents were my age, they both had lucrative full time jobs, a house in the suburbs on a huge parcel of land, three children and a full-time nanny whose salary they paid for. They could even afford to go on vacation to Florida and my Mom could take time off when she had a child.
This is what irks our generation. That we were lead to expect the things our parents had and better, were encouraged to strive in school to be the best, to excel despite greater competition than they ever faced and in the end all we get is the door slammed in our face. We are denied an active, employed role to partake in our society and given Happy Meals and Facebook instead.
What Karen Hollander doesn’t understand is what made us take to the streets to begin with. It was a protest to raise awareness of what was going on; against the bankers who helped engineer the current economic crisis just to make profit for themselves risking the hard earned money of their customers and the government that let the bankers loosen the banking laws for sizable campaign contributions. But the bankers were allowed to escape all responsibility for their actions, letting the poor and middle class lose their money, while they retired with golden parachutes or moved on to high paying salaries in other companies. The arrogance of those people who just keep taking more and more of the pie through wild speculation, while young, middle class people get fewer jobs, while spending more to educate themselves than ever, putting themselves further in debt for nothing is what the anger of our generation is all about. Whether we are spoiled or not, the shortcoming of reality vs. what we were promised is part of that disillusionment and anger.
In short, I was somewhat miffed that she could elucidate the full reasons for the protests of the 1960s in the book, but portray the current wave of protests as nothing more than children playing at being radicals with no solid reason why.
True Believers by Kurt Andersen
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“Let’s stop being defensive. Let’s be assertive.” – Mary Robinson, UN Special Envoy for Climate Change
GGO Moderates Gender and Climate Change Discussion at UNFCCC COP 20
Women are impacted disproportionately when affected by climate change. At the same time, there has been a lack of gender balance and gender considerations in the multilateral negotiations and policy-making process. On December 9th, 2014, Gender Day was held at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of Parties (COP) 20 in Lima, Peru, the third COP in a row with a “Gender Day” to raise awareness of gender issues in climate change.
On this year’s Gender Day, a discussion on gender and climate change between Ms. Mary Robinson, United Nations Special Envoy for Climate Change, and Ms. Lakshmi Puri, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Deputy Executive Director of UN Women, was held to explore why and how to achieve gender equality in climate action. The conversation was moderated by Lorena Aguilar, Global Senior Gender Adviser of IUCN’s Global Gender Office.
“Let’s stop being defensive. Let’s be assertive,” said Ms. Robinson at the Momentum for Change event.
Gender equality is important, not only because women are usually more affected due to their role in the family and in the society, but because women could also contribute their valuable knowledge and skills to policies and actions in response to climate change. To engage more women to play their part and achieve gender equality in climate action, Ms. Robinson highlighted that it is critical for women to claim their rights in participating in the policy-making process. Ms. Puri pointed out that the support from negotiators and countries is also invaluable. At the same time, strong advocacy and well-planned campaigns will help to construct a solid case on women’s leadership role in climate action.
Momentum for Change is an initiative that has been dedicated to making a difference on gender equality in climate change by UNFCCC. The initiative is spearheaded by the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat to highlight activities underway across the globe that are moving the world toward a highly resilient, low-carbon future. Momentum for Change recognizes innovative and transformative solutions that address both climate change and wider economic, social and environmental challenges.
Lorena Aguilar, IUCN GGO (center), moderates discussion with Ms. Mary Robinson, United Nations Special Envoy for Climate Change (left), and Ms. Lakshmi Puri, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Deputy Executive Director of UN Women (right).
The discussion was followed by presentations and a panel discussion showcasing the winners of the 2014 Momentum for Change Women for Results, an initiative highlighting the active and important role women play in addressing climate change. The winner’s included:
Bhungroo:
Results: Fully women-driven project that provides water access and enhances climate change adaptation
Ibu Inspirasi (Wonder Women)
Results: Empowers women to become green technology agents
SPCG Solar :
Results: The largest solar power generation company in Thailand – Women Leadership in Renewable Energy
Siqi Han is an M.E.M. Candidate in Environmental Economics and Policy at Duke University. She holds a B.S. in Economics and International Affairs and a Certificate in Marketing from Georgia Institute of Technology. Siqi attended COP20 in Lima, Peru, and assisted IUCN’s Global Gender Office leading up to and throughout the event.
Tags: Gender UNFCCC Momentum for Change
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Day three: more on the the enchantment of Djúpavík
By Alda Sigmundsdóttir
Day 3 of our stupendous West Fjords excursion, ostensibly undertaken to distribute a book but really mostly just for having a fabulous time in amazing surroundings.
We started the day in Djúpavík, a minuscule town in Strandir, most famous for its humongous abandoned herring factory. Djúpavík is a fascinating place. Its best-known residents are Eva and Ásbjörn who own and run Hótel Djúpavík, and who also own the big old factory by extension. They have lived there since the mid-1980s, came there from Reykjavík and completely fell for the place, and wound up living and raising their children there. The hotel is a small wonder - it used to be the staff quarters for the women who worked at the factory, and today is like a small, cosy, extremely-laid back country hotel where the dog wanders in and out at will and flakes out on the floor or wherever she feels like it, and the staff basically look and behave like they were born and raised in the place. Which they were not, since most of them are foreign and come to work there in the summers, some of them again and again and again. Like Claus, who is now in his eighth summer in the place. It's an enchanting little community, and anyone who spends any length of time there (even just 24 hours) instinctively feels that there's something very special about it.
In the morning we had a tour of the factory, the story of which is completely mind-blowing. It was built in the 1930s during the "herring boom" and was an utterly remarkable feat. To wit: there were no roads there at the time, so everything had to be brought over by ship, including boilers and engines and other equipment that weighed, literally, tons. The details of how they put the place together - it is massive, by the way - are incredible, and a testament to the Icelanders' remarkable resourcefulness, resilience, and ambition. They set out to build one of the most state-of-the-art factories in the world in one of the remotest corners of the world - and they succeeded. Alas, the herring boom ended a few years later and the factory was abandoned, with everything in it.
Just past noon, we headed out, destination Ísafjörður. We drove to Hólmavík first to get some gas, and while standing at the pump I noticed something peering up from out of EPI's pocket: our hotel key from Djúpavík.
Oh noes!
I quickly called the hotel and explained the situation, offering to put it in the mail the moment I arrived back in Reykjavík. But they wouldn't hear of it - partly because they only get mail once a week out there. (!) Instead, they asked me to drop it off at the Museum of Sorcery and Witchcraft in Hólmavík and someone who was heading their way would take it to them. The museum proprietor would see to that. Now, I haven't been in Strandir very long, but it seems to me that that's the mentality there in a nutshell. No problems, just a laid-back approach to life and its various hiccups.
We are currently in Ísafjörður and haven't done very much, so I'll save the report about that, including accommodation and other fun stuff, until tomorrow. In the meantime here are a few more pics from Djúpavík:
The entrance to the art exhibition currently on display inside the factory.
One of the exhibition halls:
A rusty old ship that used to be the staff quarters when there were so many people working at the factory that there wasn't enough room in the nearby buildings.
The back end of the factory, and a view of the waterfall above the town. One of the reasons the factory was built in this spot was because of the close proximity of this water.
More tomorrow! Remember we're posting regularly on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
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Home » Connect with locals » Alda Sigmundsdóttir » Day three: more on the the enchantment of Djúpavík
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You are here: Home Page > Arts & Humanities > Religion > Islam > What Is an American Muslim?
What Is an American Muslim?
Embracing Faith and Citizenship
Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im
Offers an argument for a secular state from an Islamic point of view
Shows that the relationship between religion and the state is the product of historical and contextual negotiation, rather than suggesting a categorical separation between the two
Clarifies and discusses the legal, political, sociological, and demographic context in which American Muslims can affirm their citizenship without diminishing or undermining their religious identity
Since 2001, there has been a tremendous backlash against the very idea that it is possible to be both American and Muslim-the controversy over the so-called "Ground Zero Mosque" and the attempts to ban shari'a law are examples. Even within the Muslim community many leaders urge believers to integrate more fully into the mainstream of American life. Is it possible to be both fully American and devoutly Muslim?
An American citizen born and raised in the Sudan, an internationally recognized scholar of Islam, and a human rights activist, Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im brings a unique perspective to this crucial question. By demanding that Muslims assimilate, he argues, allies and critics alike assume that American Muslims are a monolithic bloc, a permanent minority set apart from that which is truly "American." An-Na'im wholeheartedly rejects this notion and urges Muslims to embrace their faith without fear. Islam, he argues, is one of many dimensions of identity-Muslims are also members of different ethnic groups, political parties, and social circles, not to mention husbands and wives, fathers and mothers, baseball fans and movie buffs. In short, Muslims share a vast array of identities with other Americans, but the most important identity they all share is as citizens.
Muslims, An-Na'im argues, must embrace the full range of rights and responsibilities that come with American citizenship, and participate fully in civic life, while at the same time asserting their right to define their faith for themselves. They must view themselves, simply, as American citizens who happen to be Muslims. What Is an American Muslim? is a bold and provocative take on the future of Islam in America.
1. Identity and Citizenship: Beyond Minority Politics
2. Negotiating Citizenship in the United States
3. Religious Self-Determination for American Muslims
4. Legal Dimensions of Religions Self-Determination
5. What is an American Muslim? Looking Forward
Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im is the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Law at Emory Law, associated professor in the Emory College of Arts and Sciences, senior fellow of the Center for the Study of Law and Religion, and senior faculty fellow of the Emory University Center for Ethics. An internationally recognized scholar of Islam and human rights, An-Na'im is the author of six books, including, most recently, Islam and the Secular State. He is the former Executive Director of Human Rights Watch/Africa.
"Abdullahi An-Na'im is arguably America's most important Muslim thinker and in this book he lays out the most compelling argument I've ever read about what it really means to be Muslim and American in a post-9/11 world." --Reza Aslan, author of No god but God and Zealot
"This book is an eloquent call for American Muslims to stand at the crossroads of faith and citizenship and look both ways at once. I highly recommend it." --Eboo Patel, author of Sacred Ground: Pluralism, Prejudice and the Promise of America
"Well-known scholar, lawyer, and human rights activist Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im draws on his wealth of knowledge in these fields to examine critical issues bearing on Muslim-American citizenship, illuminating its meanings and implications-legal and otherwise-and the rights and responsibilities it implies. Arguing that Muslim-Americans should take a proactive, affirmative view of citizenship, he explores a range of issues, including the highly topical one of sharia law in America. As always, An-Na'im's analyses and reflections cast much-needed light on an important and controversial subject." --Leila Ahmed, author of A Quiet Revolution: The Veil's Resurgence, from the Middle East to America
"The success of an-Na'im's arguments in What Is an American Muslim? will not only strengthen American Muslim identity, but create a more authentic USA. This book is a welcome addition to the literature on North American Islam." --Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations
Is there an American culture of Ramadan?
Immigrant Muslims continue to rely on the Ramadan culture of their regional origins (whether African, Middle East, South Asian, etc.). What is the culture of Ramadan for American Muslims? Is that culture already present, or do American Muslims have to invent it? Whether pre-existing or to be invented, where does that culture come from?
Read the blog post
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One Islam, Many Muslim Worlds
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Arts & Humanities > Religion > Islam
Social Sciences > Politics > US Politics
Law > Law & Society
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Fanshawe Falcons volleyball teams have perfect season
By Mike Stubbs Reporter 980 CFPL
Courtesy of Fanshawe Falcons
Perfection times two.
The Fanshawe Falcons women’s and men’s volleyball teams each completed an undefeated regular season on Sunday afternoon.
The men’s team has been ranked #1 in the country and went 18-0 in OCAA play, losing just two sets out of 56 all year. They will enter the post-season as the number one seed and will host a cross-over match against the Fleming Knights on Saturday, February 16 at 3 p.m. at the Glenn Johnston Athletic Centre.
The women’s team went unbeaten for the first time in their history. They sit #5 in the national rankings and will host a cross-over match at 1 p.m. on February 16.
Virtue and Moir named Sportspeople of the Year
Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir will be honoured at the 63rd annual Start.ca Sports Celebrity Dinner and Auction on April 1 at the London Convention Centre. Canada’s most decorated figure skaters have been named Sportspeople of the Year for 2018 and will be part of the event’s head table.
“When you think of all-time greatest Canadian athletes they have to be at or near the top,” said event chair Ryan Robinson. “When you combine the fact that they’re world-class people in addition to being world-class athletes, there was no doubt in our minds as to who was deserving of this year’s award.” Proceeds from the night benefit the Thames Valley Children’s Centre.
READ MORE: A 55-save performance by Ivan Prosvetov stymies the London Knights in Saginaw
Western men’s squash team keeps streak going
For the 36th year in a row, the Western Mustangs have been crowed OUA champions in men’s squash. Western won their latest title in Niagara on the Lake on February 10. Mustang head coach Derek Moore points to the program started years ago by Jack Fairs that now attracts many of the best male squash players in the country to Western. The Mustangs are off to Yale on February 16 to take part in the CSA U.S. College squash championships.
Mustang Men’s hockey team secures third place
The Western Mustangs will enter the OUA men’s hockey playoffs as the number three seed in the Western Conference. A 4-2 victory over the Lakehead Thunderwolves on February 8 clinched the spot for Western and also eliminated Lakehead. The Mustangs began the year with a record of 4-4, but not long after they went on a seven-game winning streak that vaulted them up the West standings. Western will face Laurier in the first round of the OUA playoffs.
Watch former London Knight Rico Fata talk about his career in hockey
Hectic stretch for London Knights
The London Knights are tops in the Ontario Hockey League in goals per game, they have allowed fewer goals against than any other team and they have first overall within reach. But London has been dead last nearly all year in games played. The next two weeks will change that. The Knights have started nine games in 15 days in six different cities. They began it with a 6-3 win over Owen Sound and then dropped two 6-3 decisions in Saginaw and Sault Ste. Marie. The Knights next home game will be Wednesday at 7 p.m. against the Guelph Storm and there are still tickets available.
READ MORE: Corus Radiothon raises nearly $175k for Children’s Hospital
Scott McDonald will represent Ontario at The Brier
Londoner Scott McDonald is headed to the 2019 Brier in Brandon, Man. in March. McDonald skipped his rink to the Ontario Men’s Curling Championship with an 8-2 victory over John Epping. McDonald cut his curling teeth at the Highland Curling Club in London. Brad Jacobs will once again represent Northern Ontario. Rachel Homan captured the Ontario Women’s Curling Championship. She advances to the Scotties, which runs Feb. 16 to 24 in Sydney, N.S.
Kovacevic keeps scoring
The legend being created by London soccer phenom Jade Kovacevic has truly gone international. Kovacevic scored her first goal for Italy’s Roma Calcio Femminile in a 3-0 victory over OU in Arezzo on Feb. 3. Before heading to Italy, she led Fanshawe to a provincial soccer title in the OCAA and was named CCAA Player of the Year. Kovacevic also scored 26 goals in 16 matches in the summer playing in League 1 Ontario with FC London.
Katelyn Gosling and Brittany Howard set for start of Canada-U.S. Rivalry Series
The Canada-U.S.A women’s hockey Rivalry Series will start on Tuesday at Budweiser Gardens and two players will get to play for their country on their home turf. Londoner Katelyn Gosling grew up playing London Devilettes and then starred at Western, eventually becoming captain of the Western Mustangs. She is currently a member of the CWHL’s Calgary Inferno.
Brittany Howard is from St. Thomas and also grew up playing Devilettes. She played NCAA at Robert Morris and is the school’s all-time leading scorer. She was selected 10th overall by the Buffalo Beauts of the NWHL.
READ MORE: OHL Roundup: Sunday, February 10, 2019
Nationals chasing Leamington
For much of the 2018-19 GOJHL season, the London Nationals sat on top of the Western Conference standings. But an injury to London goalie Zach Springer has taken a key ingredient out of the Nationals’ lineup. They had just one win in their past four games heading into action on Saturday, but Springer is apparently close to returning. London defeated Leamington to close the gap between the clubs to three points. The Flyers do have a game in hand and they have been living up to their name. They have been flying. Leamington has 14 wins in 15 games and sit in first place in the West.
Budweiser Gardens
fanshawe falcons
fleming knights
London Knights
london nationals
ocaa
rico fata
western mustangs
western squash
Great Balls of Fire – In Memory of Nicholas Greeson
25th Annual London Pride Parade
Rumours of Fleetwood Mac
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01 Jul The Raconteurs Land First #1 Album – Mixed by Vance Powell
Posted at 16:22h in Joe Chiccarelli, News, Vance Powell by mattr
The Raconteurs land first No. 1 album on the Billboard 200 chart with the new album Help Us Stranger, mixed by GPS client Vance Powell. The album, released via Third Man Records on June 21, debuted with 88,000 equivalent album units earned in the U.S. in the week ending June 27, according to Nielsen Music. The Billboard 200 chart ranks the most popular albums of the week in the U.S. based on multi-metric consumption as measured in equivalent album units. Units are comprised of traditional album sales, track equivalent albums (TEA) and streaming equivalent albums (SEA). The new July 6-dated chart, where Help Us Stranger bows at No. 1, will be posted in full on Billboard‘s websites on July 2. For the full Billboard article, click here.
Learn More About Vance Powell
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Hawaii Five-0 to remake original show’s pilot
Posted on August 6, 2018 by The Spy Commander
Khigh Dhiegh, Soon Tek-Oh, Andrew Duggan and Jack Lord in a scene from the original Hawaii Five-O pilot in 1968.
Hawaii Five-0 is doing a remake of the original Hawaii Five-O pilot, Cocoon, the current show’s executive producer said on Twitter and Instagram.
“For those who guessed it… we’re redoing the 1968 pilot “Cocoon” for our season 9 premiere of #h50 – best way to celebrate our 50th anniversary- honoring the original and creator Leonard Freeman,” Peter Lenkov wrote on Instagram.
The original Hawaii Five-O was a police drama that often had espionage story lines. That was established with the two-hour TV movie pilot, written and produced by Freeman and which aired in September 1968.
In the pilot, Chinese agents are abducting U.S. intelligence agents and subjecting them to a new form of torture, dubbed the cocoon. They’re suspended in a pool, wearing a mask (with a tube supplying oxygen) with their ears, nose and eyes covered.
The lack of sensory impulses eventually breaks them and they provide crucial intelligence information. They are then killed, with their deaths made to look like an accident.
Lawman Steve McGarrett (Jack Lord) gets involved when Hennessey, a friend of his and an intelligence agent, turns up dead, apparently the result of a drowning. McGarrett doesn’t buy it. Hennessey never learned to swim because he sunburned too easily.
The pilot also introduced Wo Fat (Khigh Dheigh), who’d be McGarrett’s arch foe during the series.
The remake is going to have to make one major change. The Wo Fat of the current show (Mark Dacascos) was killed off in a 2014 installment that was also the 100th episode.
The current series debuted in 2010 and, as Lenkov noted, will begin its ninth season this fall. In 2013, the show also did a remake of an episode of the original series, Hookman, about a killer with no hands.
UPDATE (3:30 p.m.): Lenkov posted a photograph on Instagram from the remake. McGarrett 2.0 (Alex O’Loughlin) is undercover doing repair work inside a ship, the same way Jack Lord’s McGarrett did in the 1968 pilot.
Filed under: The Other Spies | Tagged: Hawaii Five-0, Hawaii Five-O, Jack Lord, Khigh Dhiegh, Leonard Freeman, Peter Lenkov | Leave a comment »
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2007 a year of Data Breaches
In Wired:
Foley’s group lists more than 79 million records reported compromised in the United States through Dec. 18. That’s a nearly fourfold increase from the nearly 20 million records reported in all of 2006.
Another group, Attrition.org, estimates more than 162 million records compromised through Dec. 21 – both in the U.S. and overseas, unlike the other group’s U.S.-only list. Attrition reported 49 million last year.
“It’s just the nature of business, that moving forward, more companies are going to have more records, so there will be more records compromised each year,” said Attrition’s Brian Martin. “I imagine the total records compromised will steadily climb.”
Your identity on your Time. Your Employer cares.
This was on Slashdot today and in the NYTimes.
In the absence of strong protections for employees, poorly chosen words or even a single photograph posted online in one’s off-hours can have career-altering consequences. Stacy Snyder, 25, who was a senior at Millersville University in Millersville, Pa., offers an instructive example. Last year, she was dismissed from the student teaching program at a nearby high school and denied her teaching credential after the school staff came across her photograph on her MySpace profile. She filed a lawsuit in April this year in federal court in Philadelphia contending that her rights to free expression under the First Amendment had been violated. No trial date has been set.
DNA – Identity and communities for the genetically 'rare'
This came by Slashdot today from the NYTimes
Sometimes what they find is unsettling. But in the emerging communities of the genetically rare, more often it is sustaining.
For three families, the impulse to find others in the same situation was immediate.
A few months before the Lanes crossed the state to meet Taygen’s chromosomal cousin, Jennie Dopp, a mother in Utah, was scouring the Internet for families with “7q11.23,” the diagnosis that explained her son’s odd behavior and halting speech.
“I want someone to say ‘I know what you mean,’” Ms. Dopp told her husband, “and really mean it.”
Noa Ospenson’s parents flew from Boston to South Carolina for a meeting of 100 families with children who, like Noa, are also “22q13.” Hoping for more information about their daughter’s diagnosis, they emerged as lifetime members of what they call “Noa’s tribe.”
For each of them, a genetic mutation became the foundation for a new form of kinship.
Outside Digital Realm: Food Shortages Expected this year
A friend of mine sent me this article. Granted it is from a website with a left leaning perspective – it draws on information from UN, US and other government agencies from around the globe. I am posting it because sometimes I think we forget we live on a planet, with weather, that grows food.
Severe Food Shortages, Price Spikes Threaten World Population
Worldwide food prices have risen sharply and supplies have dropped this year, according to the latest food outlook of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The agency warned December 17 that the changes represent an ³unforeseen and unprecedented² shift in the global food system, threatening billions with hunger and decreased access to food.
The FAO¹s food price index rose by 40 percent this year, on top of the already high 9 percent increase the year before, and the poorest countries spent 25 percent more this year on imported food. The prices for staple crops, including wheat, rice, corn and soybeans, all rose drastically in 2007, pushing up prices for grain-fed meat, eggs and dairy products and spurring inflation throughout the consumer food market.
Driving these increases are a complex range of developments, including rapid urbanization of populations and growing demand for food stuffs in key developing countries such as China and India, speculation in the commodities markets, increased diversion of feedstock crops into the production of biofuels, and extreme weather conditions and other natural disasters associated with climate change.
Because of the long-term and compounding nature of all of these factors, the problems of rising prices and decreasing supplies in the food system are not temporary or one-time occurrences, and cannot be understood as cyclical fluctuations in supply and demand.
The world reserves of cereals are dwindling. In the past year, wheat stores declined 11 percent. The FAO notes that this is the lowest level since the UN began keeping records in 1980, while the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has reported that world wheat stocks may have fallen to 47-year lows. By FAO figures, the falloff in wheat stores equals about 12 weeks worth of global consumption.
It continues….
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Feeble Lamps Burning in the Big Wind: A Review of “The Year of Our Lord 1943”
Steven Rodriguez
Title: The Year of Our Lord 1943: Christian Humanism in an Age of Crisis
Author: Alan Jacobs
Publish Date: August 1, 2018
It just so happens that in 1943, five of the brightest Christian minds of the time—C.S. Lewis, Jacques Maritain, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, and Simone Weil—were all writing, speaking, and thinking about education and what it means to be human. This would not be weird except that it was 1943, and the catastrophe of World War II was still engulfing the globe. So why, in the middle of a worldwide crisis, were these Christians talking about something as insignificant as their philosophy of education? This is the question that Alan Jacobs dances around in his new book, The Year of Our Lord 1943: Christian Humanism in an Age of Crisis. He wonders, What if these five thinkers were looking prophetically past the war? Of course fascism was evil, but what about the technocrat Allies who were fighting them—what would happen when the technocrat victors became the educators? Each one of these thinkers, in their own way, was afraid that technocratic education would reduce people to “an animal for the utility of the state,” as Maritain put it (124). The book, then, is a drama about five Christians sparring their way through literature and the humanist tradition as well as trying to chart a different, better, distinctly Christian view of human being and the task of learning.
The Year of Our Lord 1943 is a strange book—do not expect a linear narrative. Jacobs is a devoted disciple of W. H. Auden; so, in a way, the book evokes one of Auden’s great long-form poems, The Age of Anxiety, in which a group of thinkers inhabit a virtual space together to talk and talk and talk. These contemporaries (Lewis, Maritain, and so on) had little actual contact in each other’s lives, but Jacobs is endlessly fascinated by the mere fact that they happened to think their thoughts at the same time—overlapping and interacting. Rather than sticking with one character at a time, he jumps back and forth as different characters take the stage. And what a colorful cast of characters it is! There is T. S. Eliot, the stuffy, snooty cultural critic and poet; Jacques Maritain, the earnest philosopher convert; W. H. Auden, the music-and-book-guzzling aesthete and poet who happens to be gay; and Simone Weil, the tormented mystic and rigorist wunderkind. Perhaps the most surprising character is Jacobs’ version of C. S. Lewis. Far from the breezy confidence of Lewis’ radio talks or the warm didacticism of Narnia, the war-era Lewis of private letters that emerges in Jacobs’ depiction is quivering with fear and self-doubt.
And what exactly are our courageous heroes arguing for? It is impossible to summarize all the terrain that they cover, but themes do emerge out of the murk of cross-references and nested quotes. Jacques Maritain sounds the alarm in his lecture Education at the Crossroads:
Technology is good, as a means for the human spirit and for human ends. But technocracy, that is to say, technology so understood and so worshipped as to exclude any superior wisdom and any other understanding than that of calculable phenomena, leaves in human life nothing but relationships of force, or at best those of pleasure, and necessarily ends up in a philosophy of domination (130-131).
The rest of the book is, in a way, an extended meditation on this quote, grouped into broad categories. There is a chapter on the checkered Christian humanist tradition that technocratic education replaced and another on the ways that the use of force corrupts truth (and Christianity). Also there is a bizarre but necessary chapter on demons and the way that technocracy can be conceived as a manifestation of “the powers and principalities.” Along the way, we are lavished with lapidary excerpts from Auden’s and Eliot’s poems, Weil’s tortured and visionary letters, and smatterings of every genre in which Lewis dabbled. Even if you find Jacobs’ argument unpersuasive (or inscrutable), the brilliant quotes alone make the book worth reading.
The Year of Our Lord 1943 is an intellectual biography, and like any biography, reading it is an act of moral formation. Studying the contours of another’s life, we reflect on our own lives and discern what to emulate and what to avoid. But where a standard biography calls us to follow or reject the example of a single saint and sinner, hero or villain, the ensemble cast biography asks a different set of questions of the reader: What are the boundaries of their claims? What are their shared convictions, if any? Do these people form a community, and is this the kind of community I would want to be a part of?
Reading the book, I found it striking that each character found shelter from the external tempest of nationalism and the internal tempest of romantic individualism by joining a fellowship with other pilgrims on the way. C. S. Lewis had his Inklings, the gold standard of literary pub theology. T. S. Eliot attended Oldham’s Moot, a group of Christian intellectuals attempting to bring Christianity back into public discourse. (With names like The Inklings and Oldham’s Moot, you may rightly begin to wonder if Christian fellowships must have quirky names to be legitimate.) W. H. Auden found an intellectual home in Elizabeth Mayer’s salon, which he described in a poem as “a cottage in Long Island… our minds a civitas of sound.” Maritain found his fellowship in his intense intellectual synergy with his wife, Raïssa, and their joint tutelage under Henri Bergson. (The fact that each of these four found a fellowship makes the path taken by Simone Weil, with her unflinching commitment to aloneness, all the more devastating.)
These fellowships are a bright spot of hope because, on the whole, the book tells a tragic tale. The Year of Our Lord 1943 is a tragedy because the central characters failed to change the world. But perhaps our goal as Christians should not be to assume arrogantly that we can change the world; maybe we should be simply seeking a few good friends, “people worth disagreeing with,” as T. S. Eliot described Oldham’s Moot (27). For all of their failure to turn the tide of technocratic education, the characters in the book succeeded in other ways. For example, they formed countercultural communities (often open and porous, welcoming non-Christians) by resisting the use of force to coerce others to adopt a Christian worldview. Perhaps most importantly, they relentlessly witnessed to beauty, human suffering, and personhood in the face of a culture that had come to prize technique, mechanization, and efficiency over all else.
As a parent, this book struck a nerve with me as I tried to discern what the values guiding my children’s education should be. As a pastor, the book sparked thoughts about what Christian discipleship looks like in a technologically-driven society. As a lover of literature, the book functioned as an apologetic for why reading literature, as a study of the human person and a discipline for discerning beauty, is an important Christian task. However, as I read and enjoyed the book, there was a nagging thought that would not go away. In a world full of crises, can we really justify the study of “Christian humane learning as a force for social renewal” (51)? In a letter to his brother during the war, W. H. Auden wrote, “All that we can do, we who are spared the horrors, is to be happy and not pretend out of a sense of guilt that we are not, to study as hard as we can, and keep our feeble lamps burning in the big wind” (116). As a follower of Christ, this leaves me with a deeply unsettling question: Is Auden right?
About Steven Rodriguez
Steven Rodriguez is the pastor of Lakeview Community Church, a congregation of the Reformed Church in America. He lives in Rochester, NY. You can follow him on Twitter @smarcorodriguez.
Read more articles by Steven Rodriguez »
Advent Hope: Disculpa os pido, no os reconocía
What Online Communities Leave Out: Unlikely Friendships
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Social Justice Book &
Pride Lecture Series &
Scholarship Breakfast
Beginning with the Rosa Parks Lecture on Social Justice and Activism in 2007 and annually since 2009 with the Martin Luther King Lecture Series, the Division of Diversity and Inclusion honors these individuals’ tremendous contributions to furthering civil rights by brining national thought leaders to campus, who provide insight and advocacy to current civil rights issues of education, economic and justice system inequalities. Our goal through this lecture series is to encourage UMKC students, staff, faculty and the Kansas City community to build upon the courageous, non-violent activism of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., and to increase awareness of present day avenues to advocate for civil rights through free thought, action and scholarship. Pictured above: Moneta Sleet, Jr., ‘Rosa Parks, Dr. and Mrs. Abernathy, Dr. Ralph Bunche, and Dr. and Mrs. Martin Luther King, Jr. leading marchers into Montgomery,’ 1965, printed circa 1970. (© Johnson Publishing Company, LLC)
2019: Andrew Gillum
Andrew Gillum was the first black nominee for governor in Florida’s history. His leadership as Tallahassee mayor and gubernatorial candidate propelled him to a national profile. His historic 2018 run was “for anyone who has ever been told they don’t belong,” he said. “We deserve a seat at the table, too.”
Andrew Gillum will join us on February 7, 2019 at 6 p.m. in Pierson Auditorium (inside the Atterbury Student Success Center).
Due to popular demand, this lecture has reached the room’s capacity.
Also, despite the campus being closed, this lecture will go on as scheduled. If you have not purchased a ticket, you can proceed to Miller Nichols Learning Center Room 151 to livestream the lecture.
What to know if you already have tickets:
-Doors will open for the event at 5 p.m. We encourage those who attend to arrive as early as possible, as this is a sold out event.
-Complimentary parking will be available in the Cherry Street Parking Garage, levels 5 and 6
-Bring your e-mail confirmation to the event as your ticket. You can print it out, or show it to us on your phone at the door
-Students, please provide your email and student ID for entry
2018: Dr. Joy DeGruy
Dr. Joy DeGruy is a nationally and internationally renowned researcher, educator, author and presenter. Her seminars have been lauded as the most dynamic and inspirational currently being presented on the topics of culture, race relations and contemporary social issues. She is a tell-it-like-it-is ambassador for healing and a voice for those who’ve struggled in search of the past, and continue to struggle through the present.
Dr. DeGruy is the author of the groundbreaking book, Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome - America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing which addresses the residual impacts of trauma on African descendants in the Americas. Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome lays the groundwork for understanding how the past has influenced the present, and opens up the discussion of how we can use the strengths we have gained to heal.
See photos from this event here
2017: Sister Souljah
Sister Souljah is a hip-hop generation best-selling author, activist, recording artist and film producer. A graduate of Rutgers University, she earned a degree in American History and African Studies. She also attended the Cornel University Advanced Placement Study program and studied abroad in Europe at the University of Salamanca.
Sister Souljah's Website
2016: Marc Lamont Hill
Dr. Marc Lamont Hill is one of the leading hip-hop generation intellectuals in the country. His work, which covers topics such as culture, politics, and education, has appeared in numerous journals, magazines, books, and anthologies.
View the 8th Annual Martin Luther King, Jr. lecture here.
2015: Nikki Giovanni
Distinguished poet, author and essayist, whose fought for civil rights and equality since her debut in the 1960s Black Arts Movement.
2014: Melissa Harris-Perry
Author, host of MSNBC’s “Melissa Harris-Perry”, founding director of the Anna Julia Cooper Center on Gender, Race, and Politics in the South.
2013: Michael Eric Dyson
Public intellectual, best-selling author, three time NAACP Award Winner.
2012: Michelle Alexander
Highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer and legal scholar, leader of the Driving While Black Campaign, and author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.
2011: Henry Louis Gates Jr.
Director of the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research at Harvard.
2010: Angela Davis
Educator, author and advocate for social justice regarding poverty and race discrimination.
2009: Cornel West
American philosopher, academic, activist, author, public intellectual and prominent member of the Democratic Socialists of America.
Rosa Parks Lecturers
2009: Morris Dees
Co-founder and Chief Trail Counsel for the Southern Poverty Law Center known for his innovative lawsuits that crippled white supremacist hate groups; Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Awardee from the National Education Association and The Salem Award recipient for Human Rights and Social Justice.
2008: Jonathan Kozol
Advocate for educational equality known as the National Book Award-winning author of Savage Inequalities, Death at an Early Age, The Shame of the Nation, Amazing Grace, and Fire in the Ashes among others.
2007: Lani Guinier
Civil rights theorist known for her publications suggesting various ideas to strengthen minority groups’ voting power, Bennett Boskey Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, and President Bill Clinton’s nominee for Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights in 1993
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The campaign has aged pretty poorly and the graphical updates to the campaign side of Gears of War feel half-baked, so unless you're really excited for the competitive part of Gears of War, there's nothing for you here.
Published 25 August 2015 By Jeff
Nine years is a long time. These days, technology has a way of making those sorts of leaps feel even more significant. Things are released and made obsolete faster than ever before. Take, for example, Gears of War. In 2006, Gears of War popularized the idea of cover systems, built to make the simple act of hiding behind something a "system" instead of "I guess I'll stand behind this box and lose most of my peripheral vision in the process." It was also a game that helped make cooperative campaigns feel like they should be standard, rather than occasional treats. On top of that, it ushered in Unreal Engine 3, the engine that more or less defined the previous generation of consoles. It was a fantastic-looking game with exciting, fresh-feeling gameplay. It was influential, too, touching off a healthy round of knock-offs and its specific ways of hiding behind things would seep into plenty of other games.
Gears of War went on to spawn a franchise, with sequels that iterated upon the initial formula in meaningful, additive ways, too. Between its influence upon the games that followed and its own sequels, though, it's surprisingly hard to go back. It's a victim of its own success, in a way. But regardless of the reasons, Epic's UE3 showpiece hasn't aged particularly well. So Microsoft's re-release, Gears of War: Ultimate Edition, only seems like it'd be truly interesting to the die-hard fans of Gears of War's competitive multiplayer side.
You could always go read what I wrote about the original release of Gears of War, but in case you want the short version, Gears of War puts players in the shoes of Marcus Fenix, a thick, do-rag-wearing soldier dude who really doesn't like it when his gun jams. Fenix and the canonical members of his posse solidify over the first few chapters and spend five acts trying to do damage to the Locust, a race of hissing snake men who live underneath the surface of the planet. Things go wrong, forcing Fenix and his Delta Squad to take on additional work, which escalates until the game's surprisingly lackluster final confrontation against a hissing snake man who is taller than most of the other hissing snake men.
Nine years later, Gears of War's encounters feel simple-minded and very one-dimensional. Cover shooting and the "roadie run" made big impacts back then, but these days the game feels like it needs something more. There are some attempts to change things up, of course, with a nighttime vehicle sequence where you have to burn enemy bats with a UV beam before they can attack you being the biggest switch-up in the campaign. The rest of the time, you're crouching behind conveniently placed obstacles and popping out to shoot at the Locust foes until a gong sounds, informing you that the encounter has been completed and you may now run forward. The only thing that's changed between now and then is that I've gotten a lot better at aiming grenade tosses, so plugging up the "emergence holes" that spit enemies out into the battle has become much easier.
The AI in Gears of War: Ultimate Edition can be profoundly dumb. Your squadmates have a habit of just, like, stopping in the middle of a path and not bothering to catch up, even if you issue any of the game's rudimentary and ultimately meaningless squad commands. I ran into a couple of cases where the enemy AI failed to activate, too, allowing me to just take my time and shoot them in the back. Also, right before the Brumak fight I looked out the door and saw just a skybox. The level took around 30 seconds to draw in. None of that is especially game-breaking, but for a project that specifically exists to kind of clean up an old game, parts of it still feel a little filthy.
Gears of War on an Xbox One looks like my memory of Gears of War, rather than the reality of Gears of War. Fire up the original game and you'll be surprised that we ever considered such a blurry game to be revolutionary from the technical perspective. But Ultimate Edition doesn't quite look like a modern game, either. It looks like a cleaned-up version of the original game with higher resolution textures on everything, but you'll still see some lighting that should be better and a lot very twitchy animation, particularly from your squadmates, who flit about without regard for things like "enemies" and "getting shot." Lastly, the campaign runs at around 30 frames per second, but even then it still takes some hits during some of the larger encounters. That it can't even maintain a rock-solid frame rate while also not looking especially great for 2015 seems like pure madness. But maybe this leaves room for a Gears of War: No, Really, This Is The Actual Ultimate Edition release in another nine years.
I've spent all this time on how the campaign performs because Gears of War didn't have a Horde mode. This cooperative humans vs. AI mode was an influential part of the Gears sequels. It gave the franchise legs, really. Here, all you get is a competitive multiplayer mode. This, it seems, is where most of the attention went. You'll see 60 frames-per-second here and some of the features that didn't make it into Gears until later iterations--like spotting--appear here anyway. I have made my peace with Gears of War multiplayer. It's fun when played with some like-minded and like-skilled individuals, but after all this time the only people who are likely to stick with it are insanely good at it. So unless you're one of those people, expect to have people rolling up behind you and shotgunning you to death over and over again. This package feels like it's designed to give that crowd something Gears-related on an Xbox One, with the campaign almost thrown in as an afterthought. That's sort of a shame.
I was surprised at how well I remembered some of the individual checkpoints in Gears of War's campaign. Some of those encounters just came rushing back and I knew exactly what I needed to do to succeed. But, also, Gears 1 was a simple game compared to the Gears games that would follow, so the encounters, too, were simple. At this point, the difficulty settings might as well just say "how patient are you?" Because the only big differences there involve how much time you'll need to spend hiding and recovering your health before popping out to take more shots at an enemy that really just soaks up bullets. At some point the campaign just sort of betrayed my nostalgia for the series and felt old, dated, and more than a little pointless. If you haven't played Gears of War before, I have a feeling that playing this will just make you wonder what the fuss was about in the first place.
Psyonix Studios
Age Ratings:
ESRB: M
BBFC: 18
CERO: Z
Gears of War is a tactical cover-based sci-fi shooter from Epic Games. The player controls Marcus Fenix, a COG soldier who fights the Locust aliens defending their home planet from the encroaching Human invaders.
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in architecture, culture, Federation style era, heritage, history, overdevelopment, suburban, sydney, Uncategorized
THE MAYOR, THE FIRE, AND THE MOSQUE
This is the curious case of the mayor, the fire and the mosque that would be… Now listen carefully, it may seem like a fairytale, but no, this is true, this is what is happening in the inner western suburbs of Sydney, Australia in 2012.
Back in 2009, the mayor of Auburn Ronney Oueik bought himself a beautiful 1916 heritage-listed house known as Camden Lodge in the neighbouring suburb of Homebush from previous owners, family of the late Arthur Bush (of A.J.Bush and sons butchers). Being a self described heritage lover the home was seemingly going to good hands, but Mayor Oueik is also a property developer, and soon lodged a development application to demolish the federation mansion which strides two blocks and replace it with a new home with swimming pool, tennis court and cabana. However his application was unanimously refused on grounds that the house was in ”good condition with high intactness and integrity” and could easily be restored to protect its ”exceptional heritage, social and historical significance”.
In the heritage streetscape of Burlington Rd there was strong local opposition to the DA. A 306-signature petition was presented to the council, and resident Ms Doran said neighbours were dismayed by what they claimed was a lack of maintenance and “demolition by neglect” of the property by the new owners. “When you first saw the house it had a beautiful garden, it was a beautiful home,” she said. “They bulldozed the garden as soon as they bought the house.”
Mayor Oueik argued that the renovations to restore Camden Lodge to its former glory would be cost-prohibitive, despite the fact he found 2.5 million AUD to buy the property in the first instance. So we have a heritage-listed mansion, in a heritage street, held in high esteem by residents and council alike, and one angry Mayor. Now this is where our story gets a little skewed…
Neighbours started noticing things happening here. Trees were removed from the heritage gardens and not replaced, leadlight windows had gone missing. When questioned the Mayor said he had left the windows open to clear out the bad smell of the house and gone for the day, when he came back they had mysteriously disappeared. But then came the worst news. On the night of January 30 2012 a fire suddenly ripped through and gutted the 95 year old mansion, caving in the roof and leaving it in a state of disrepair. Fire crews and Police investigated and opened a crime scene on the site citing suspicious circumstances.
Gutted by fire. Main structure still looks sound. image Inner West Courier
Since that time the house has stood, uninhabited and burnt out, but the debate continues. Mayor Oueik campaigned again to push ahead with demolition, but Strathfield Council rightfully believe the house can and should be saved, and that the damage is not beyond repair but rather that the home remains structurally sound. Cr Oueik was asked to restore the property in 60 days and additionally, place tarpaulins over the hole in the roof to stop weather affecting the building’s internal structure. But since then it was reported the tarps were still not erected.
“If it’s rejected I have a buyer to buy it and what they do with it is up to them,” Mr Oueik said. “I also said to council if you’re so concerned with heritage why don’t you buy it and give it back to the community, but they weren’t interested.” He said the house was not insured at the time of the fire and he couldn’t afford to restore it. He also claimed “I love heritage, that’s why I bought this house. But its not safe to live in.”
But there was to be one more twist in this story. Undeterred by being foiled twice on his demolition plans, Mayor Oueik issued an ultimatum to the council and the community, saying he would turn his house into a Muslim prayer hall if he wasn’t allowed to knock it down. And as if a threat to make good on this promise, he has been seen showing men in traditional Muslim robes around the property. “He’s told us he will be selling it to a Muslim community organisation which wants to use the site as a prayer hall. We don’t need that in the street” one neighbour said to the Daily Telegraph.
But others, like Marlene Doran, who has lived in Homebush for 60 years and is the archivist for the heritage society were less sympathetic, saying the threat to sell the house to turn it into a Muslim prayer hall was nothing short of disgraceful. “This is a threat to get the neighbours onside so he can demolish,” she said. “It’s disgusting. He’s done nothing whatsoever with the house. It’s demolition by neglect… It’s absolutely devastating that such a beautiful home has been destroyed. All the hard work and time we’ve put into saving and protecting this home, which is such a jewel in the precinct, has literally gone up in flames.”
Mayor Ronny Oueik. image Daily Telegraph
So now the fate of this magnificent home, a landmark in the area, lies in the hands of engineering structural reports. What a shame it would be for this grubby Mayor to finally get his way. We believe that the house should be restored no matter what the reports bring up, and Cr Oueik should have to pay in full. Being a director of a construction company and having more than one house to his family name should help him find the required funds.
And what about poor Auburn, the council that he presides over as Mayor, what hope does heritage have there? Are these the heritage values instilled in that particular council? The Auburn City Council website reads “By preserving, displaying and restoring historic buildings, landscapes, artefacts and archaeological sites we are connecting ourselves to our past and leaving important legacies for future generations.”
Is that what you yourself are doing, Mayor Ronny Oueik, leaving important legacies for future generations? We sincerely doubt that.
Tags: architecture, Auburn council, bulldozing, Camden Lodge, councils, culture, federation home, heritage, history, houses, Mayor Ronny Oueik, NSW Australia, planning, protest rallies, Strathfield council, suburban, sydney
5 responses to “THE MAYOR, THE FIRE, AND THE MOSQUE”
rishi khanna says : November 2, 2012 at 12:51 pm
Let him sell it. Or why don’t council buy it. that’s it.
Nancy says : November 11, 2014 at 8:02 pm
This man is as corrupt as it gets. He claims to love the Lidcombe/Auburn area but look at what he has done to it. High rise apartments everywhere!
He is also the largest property owner in the are. I smell corruption. Why isn’t he being investigated?
inheritanceorg says : November 12, 2014 at 7:31 pm
I’ve heard a few stories about him that paint a fairly dim view. None of it is publicized. Thanks for your comment.
Sonia says : February 10, 2016 at 4:27 pm
It’s scum like Ronney who give western Sydney a bad reputation. I hope karma get him back…
WITH MAYORS LIKE THESE, WHO NEEDS DEVELOPERS… « Inheritance - December 21, 2012
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Called early to ordained ministry, The Rev. Elizabeth Riley joins staff at Trinity Church in Menlo Park
by Linda Hubbard Gulker on September 8, 2013
Elizabeth Riley, a newly-ordained priest in the Episcopal church and associate rector at Trinity Church in Menlo Park doesn’t fit stereotypes. While she grew up in Alaska and continues to love nature, she’s petite and pretty rather than athletic and rugged. And at 26, she looks more like a teenager than working adult, although she admits “the collar helps age me a bit.”
Elizabeth once hoped to become a dancer. But her short stature (5′ 2″) got in the way.”I grew up doing ballet, jazz and hip hop.” she said during an interview in Trinity’s chapel. “When I came to California to go to college [St. Mary’s], I discovered social dancing and took up East Coast Lindy Hop along with Argentine tango.
“Unfortunately going to seminary [at Church Divinity School of the Pacific] put a crimp in my social dancing, which tends to be a late night activity. At seminary, my mornings got earlier.”
Except during a period of early childhood when her parents considered themselves “conscious humanists”, religion has played an important part in her life. Her mother was Roman Catholic and Elizabeth chose to be baptized and take her first communion in that church. Her father was drawn to Judaism, as was Elizabeth’s sister. “We became an interfaith household, and it worked,” she said.
After her parents separated, Elizabeth found herself church shopping. “When I was 11, I slept over at a friend’s house and fell in love with the Episcopal church.”
She was called to ordained ministry at a young age. She explains: “When I was 15, I was elected a full voting delegate to the diocesan convention, not just a youth delegate. I enjoyed the opportunities of leadership in the church even at that young age. And I embraced the theology that when you are confirmed, you are a full adult in the church.
“At the convention I became intrigued with both church governance and politics. There would be arguing and debate but then everyone would come together at the end of the day for compline [an evening worship service]. I experienced inclusion and love, and love of God and Christ. It was the transcendent nature of being a part of a Christian community.
“On the last day of the convention, I said to my rector that I felt called to the priesthood. I don’t think I entirely knew what I was saying but I do think I knew from that moment that I wanted to work in the church.
“I spent the next 11 years in the discernment process and was fortunate enough to have the support of both my home parish and Bishop.”
Elizabeth was ordained to the priesthood at Trinity on August 17, an event presided over by the Right Rev. Mark Lattime, the Bishop of Alaska. She had moved to Menlo Park with her husband Scott a few months earlier.
“We both love Menlo Park because it’s so flat, making it a perfect place to walk and bike,” she said. “Plus it’s close to San Francisco and San Jose where we have family. We couldn’t be happier living here!”
Portrait of the Rev. Elizabeth Riley by Scott R. Kline; photo of Elizabeth at ordination by Annalise Deal
Tagged as: Trinity Church Menlo Park
Michael Burke September 8, 2013 at 7:57 pm
This was truly a “God Thing” from the very beginning…
jim April 1, 2015 at 12:13 pm
She is so very smart and nice looking!
Previous post: Efforts to find new space for TechShop Menlo Park outlined by Jim Newton
Next post: Jim Tracy’s run for life is subject of documentary to be screened at Menlo Atherton Performing Arts Center
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innogy Innovation Hub announces seed investment in Calipsa
LONDON -- 06 March 2019 -- innogy Innovation Hub, which identifies, funds, and mentors game-changing technologies and ideas, today announced it has completed a seed investment in UK-headquartered AI powered CCTV monitoring company, Calipsa. Financial terms were not disclosed.
The investment will enable Calipsa to further refine its product and support its growth strategy in the UK and Europe, leveraging the Innovation Hub’s extensive global network.
Founded in 2016 by Mohammad Rashid Khan and Boris Ploix, Calipsa aims to transform how Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) video monitoring and analysis is conducted. The Calipsa platform is built on state of the art deep learning techniques to automatically analyse CCTV video feeds and provide actionable real-time alerts and notifications to human operators seated in control rooms to enable faster and more efficient decision-making.
Calipsa focuses on theft and burglary prevention in the commercial security industry to protects assets such as commercial buildings, construction sites, manufacturing facilities, waste management plants, solar and agricultural farms and retail outlets. Being a cloud-based software platform, Calipsa leverages existing CCTV hardware, requiring no up-front capital expenditure for its customers.
“We are delighted to welcome innogy Innovation Hub as a new investor and partner,” said Mohammed Rashid Khan, co-founder and CEO of Calipsa. “As well as providing financial backing, they take a very hands-on approach, providing access to their fantastic network of industry contacts. With their support we look forward to growing our company and achieve our ambition to become the market leader in CCTV monitoring.”
Annemie Ress, Managing Director for innogy Innovation Hub said: “We identify and back innovative companies and technologies that have the potential to transform infrastructure for the benefit of all and Calipsa’s technology is a great example of that. By automating video monitoring, they are helping to transform assets like buildings into smart organisms. Since launching the product in mid-2018 they have attracted a number of large customers, which is great validation for the product. We have been incredibly impressed by Rashid and his talented team and are thrilled to partner with them to accelerate their growth.”
There are currently around 250 million professionally installed CCTV cameras in the world. The market for alarm monitoring services exceeds $50 billion globally and shows double-digit annual growth, driven by decreasing camera costs, improved networking and a growing appetite for security. Calipsa’s monitoring platform reduces false alarms in excess of 50%.
About Calipsa
Founded in 2016 by machine learning and AI experts, Mohammad Rashid Khan and Boris Ploix, Calipsa comprises expertise from universities including Cambridge, Imperial College London and UCL. Calipsa is working with customers in the UK and UK and is seeking strategic partners to take its technology to the market.
Founded in 2016, Calipsa has developed a machine learning (AI) based software platform that automates the analysis and monitoring of video feeds. For more information, visit http://calipsa.io.
About innogy Innovation Hub
innogy Innovation Hub believes that new technologies, business models and consumption patterns will redefine the energy market of the future. We believe this future will be driven by four core global trends; decarbonisation, decentralisation, digitisation and democratisation. innogy Innovation Hub’s mission is to drive this vision for the future of energy by being a sector disruptor: by identifying the game-changing technologies, ideas, individuals and businesses that will help build that future, wherever they are, providing funding, mentoring and a platform for co-creation, collaboration and convergence.
The innogy Innovation Hub has created a €162m portfolio (as of December 2018) through investing in disruptive individuals, start-ups and early stage businesses, and has provided opportunities for nearly 90 start-up and scale-up companies to collaborate. It is headquartered in Berlin, with teams across Europe including in London, Warsaw and Essen, as well as offices in California (Palo Alto) and Israel (Tel Aviv).
The innogy Innovation Hub is funded by innogy SE, a leading German energy company, with revenues of around 37 billion euros (2018), around 43,000 employees as well as activities in 16 European countries and in new markets such as Australia, Canada and the USA. For more information visit: https://innovationhub.innogy.com
BackBay Communications | Stephen Fishleigh | innogyih@backbaycommunications.com | +44 (0)203 475 7552
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Rita Ora Recruits Cardi B, Charli XCX + Bebe Rexha for Epic Single ‘Girls’
Rita Ora is going full-blown fem-power for her next single.
The "For You" singer announced on Friday (May 4) that her new song, "Girls," will feature Cardi B, Charli XCX, and Bebe Rexha.
“I’m so happy to finally announce my new single GIRLS feat some amazing powerful women who have inspired me so much!" Ora wrote on Twitter when revealing the news.
While the track will mark a few firsts for Ora — she's never worked with Cardi or Bebe — she has collaborated with Charli, her fellow Brit, in the past. The two teamed for "Doing It" in 2015, and again for a remix of Charli’s "After The Afterparty" the following year.
Ora hasn't released a full-length project since 2012's Ora, her debut album, but has put out a string of singles in recent years. She last appeared on "For You" for the 50 Shades Freed soundtrack with Liam Payne, and released "Your Song" and "Anywhere" — her first singles in two years — in 2017.
"Girls" is set to arrive May 11.
10 Girl Power Pop Collaborations
Source: Rita Ora Recruits Cardi B, Charli XCX + Bebe Rexha for Epic Single ‘Girls’
Filed Under: Rita Ora
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How does GPS work? July 6, 2011
Posted by HubTechInsider in Definitions, Hardware, Microprocessors, Technology.
Tags: Geomatics, Global Positioning System, GPS, GPS navigation device, Navigation, NMEA, WAAS
Well, dear reader, here we both are again: time for another Hub Tech Insider primer on one of the most fundamental technologies driving today’s revolutions in mobile commerce, location-based services and applications, smartphone features, and so much more.
You know that I’m talking about GPS, the Global Positioning System.
You also realize, if you have been to this blog before, that you are about to get a complete rundown on the nuts-and-bolts of GPS technology from its nascent conceptual underpinnings through today’s location-aware mobile applications.
But first, a history lesson (you should have been expecting that too from me, Dear Reader):
The challenge of navigation: a brief history
The magnetic compass arrived in Western Europe from China sometime in the 12th century. The compass was a seminal invention in the history of navigation, providing orientation – however most travelers still depended on familiarity with the region through which they were traveling, using sight navigation perhaps supplemented with some rudimentary observation of the stars.
The magnetic compass of course could not determine a person’s position. The use of the stars was the primary method used to determine position. Devices such as the astrolabe, the quadrant and the sextant provided navigators with important new sources of navigational and positioning data, and they opened up new territories to exploration, as they enabled the traveler to easily determine latitude, which is the distance above or below the Earth’s equator.
Being an experienced sailor, and also as a result of my time involved in a naval military career, I have received training with the above three navigation instruments. Using a sextant to navigate can be fun, but the learning curve can be quite steep, particularly for beginners. And there is also a major problem with using these instruments to determine a precise location: when navigating using the stars as a visual point of reference, there is no way to determine your longitude, which is the distance east or west around the globe.
Accurate latitude without accurate longitude position information led to many great naval disasters – the navigators of wooden sailing ships on the high seas, and their Captains, did not accurately know their own position. Easy and accurate measurement of longitude was so important to navigation at sea, that in 1714, Queen Anne of Great Britain, then the world’s most preeminent sea power, established a reward of 20,000 pounds sterling (equivalent to 1.9 million pounds or $2.8 million dollars in year-2000 dollars), to be paid to the first person or persons capable of developing a practical method of determining longitude at sea.
This first sea-worthy, highly accurate chronometer was developed by John Harrison (1693-1776), a carpenter, in 1761. His struggles and tribulations suffered during the decades-long gestation period for his device were chronicled in the excellent movie “Longitude“, which I highly recommend.
Incidentally, the key innovation of Harrison’s seaworthy chronometers, which were later designated as models H1, H2 & H3, was dubbed the “Grasshopper Escapement“.
In 2008, world-renowed physicist Stephen Hawking (yes, that’s right, the wheelchair-bound, Cambridge, England-residing, computer-voiced supergenius, we all know who he is) unveiled the Corpus Clock, a very unique clock, the work of horologist (a horologist is a clock-maker, or someone who studies chronology. Horo is Greek for “Hour” or “Time”) John Taylor, who has built a disturbing public timepiece[VIDEO] which utilizes an ‘upgraded’ type of grasshopper escapement. If you are like me, and love to fool around with electronics and electric circuits, you already know John Taylor as the inventor of the thermostatic switch, used in umpteen millions of household appliances.
Harrison’s chronometer also incorporated two other mechanical engineering advances: a gridiron pendulum that consists of lengths of brass and iron arranged in such a way that the length of the pendulum from pivot to bob is always constant, regardless of the temperature. The grasshopper escapement described above, in concert with the other features of the Harrison chronometer, such as lignum vitae (a self-lubricating wood) rollers mounted on non-corroding brass spindles, helped to virtually eliminate friction from the Harrison device.
A British Captain leaving on a long sea voyage would set the Harrison chronometer to the exact same time kept in Greenwich, England. This is the origin of what is known as GMT, or Greenwich Mean Time. GMT is a way of universally telling time across the world. For example, the Eastern Standard time zone, within which Boston is located, can be refferred to as “GMT-5”, which means the time in Boston will be five hours behind the time in Greenwich, England. While I’m on the subject of GMT, know that GMT is referred to as “Zulu” in the U.S. military. As in “United States Navy SEAL team 6 will deploy to HVT#1 compound in Abbotabad, Pakistan at 0530 Zulu”.
On the high seas, the Captain or Navigator of the vessel would then be able to determine the local time by observing the position of the sun. The difference between the local time and the time in Greenwich, which was maintained throughout the voyage accurately by the Harrison chronometer, could then be used mathematically to derive (24 hours of time is equivalent to 360 degrees of longitude) the ship’s distance from Greenwich, which is longitude.
In 1772, Captain James Cook used a Harrison-styled (for more on the fascinating backstory on Cook’s voyage, I again recommend the movie “longitude”) chronometer to explore and accurately chart the Pacific ocean for the British Admiralty. The Harrison chronometer was a huge advance in navigation, but it only worked in fair weather when the position of the sun in the sky could be observed to determine local time. This restriction was removed with the invention of radio.
Radio signal navigation
The first equipment to be used for radio navigation arrived in 1912, but it suffered from accuracy problems. Pulse radar, developed during World War II, made it possible to measure the short time differences between transmitted and received radio waves. This is the same principle used by police speed trap radars: the equipment sends out a radio pulse and measures the time it takes for the pulse to travel to a vehicle, bounce off it, and arrive back at the radar gun. The time difference tells the radar’s computer the car’s distance from the gun.
The GPS system uses a constellation of 24 active GPS satellites orbiting the Earth
The early radio navigation systems used this same principle of sending radio waves and measuring time differences. In many of the early systems, radio signals were sent from two towers, at exactly the same time, traveling at the same speed. The navigator’s radio receiver would then detect which of the two radio signals arrived at the navigator’s position first, and then would measure the amount of time that would elapse until the arrival of the second radio signal.
The navigator would be aware of the exact positions of the two signalling towers, the speed of the radio waves and the time difference between them when they arrived at the navigator’s position. If the radio waves had reached the navigator’s position at exactly the same time, expressed as [Delta] t=0, the navigator’s position would lie exactly between the two signalling towers. If instead the second radio signal arrived two time units before the first signal, then the navigator would know that their position would be closer to the second signalling tower than the first one.
Two radio signals give the position of the receiver on a line between two radio sources
Of course, this is only a one-dimensional position fix. A one-dimensional position fix is not very useful, but if three radio signalling towers are used, then the radio navigation system is capable of delivering a two-dimensional position fix. As in the previous example, the navigator’s receiver records which signal arrives at the receiver first and the time differences between the first signal and the others. Using this knowledge of the signalling tower’s positions, the speed of the three radio signals and the difference, or delta, in the arrival times of the signals, the receiver calculates a two-dimensional position.
Adding a third radio signal source allows a two-dimensional position fix to be calculated
GPS is radio navigation using satellites instead of signalling towers
GPS uses radio waves to determine position, just as in the early radio-based navigation systems like the ones described above, but with an important twist. Land based signalling towers are replaced by satellites orbiting 20,200 kilometers (12,552 miles) above Earth.
These satellites do not transmit radio pulses, however. Instead, the GPS satellites transmit a sequence of numbers that enable a GPS receiver to measure its distance from each satellite instead of its position betweenthe satellites.
Alright, Dear Reader, you know this is the point in my discussion where I’m really going to start breaking it down for you. Remember, in GPS, as in many technological wonders of our modern age, God is in the details. Stay with me, as this technical discussion will reward your dedicated attention span to this article by giving you a more complete understanding of how your GPS receiver operates and solves for position.
I am going to simplify some of the details of the transmitted number sequences in order to provide to you an easily comprehensible example, no hate emails please. This is my disclaimer.
Starting at a known time, t0 in the example I am about to describe, the satellite broadcasts a number sequence. For the purpses of illustration, let us say that the satellite in question sends the number 10 at t0, the number 23 at time t1, etc., and this satellite continues to send a different number each time segment without repeating itself for a millisecond.
GPS satellite sending and GPS receiver detecting a transmitted number sequence
The GPS receiver already has the exact same number sequence stored in its electronic memory and “knows” the exact time when the satellite began to transmit its number sequence. At time t0, the receiver starts at the beginning of the number list in its memory and advances one number for each time segment.
When the GPS receiver detects that number 10 has arrived from the satellite, it notes it is at number 42 in its own list, which means it took seven time segments for the radio wave carrying the numbers to get from the satellite to the receiver. If the radio wave travels 3219km (2000 miles) per time unit, the receiver knows the satellite is 22,531 kilometers (14,000 miles) away. This technique is known as ranging and requires exact time synchronization between the receiver and the satellites in addition to a known number sequence.
But, of course there is a problem with time, and to solve that problem, we need to use one of Einstein’s theories. And no, I’m not making this up.
How GPS bends time
The GPS system uses a constellation of 24 satellites that transmit this time-stamped information on where they are. By multiplying the elapsed time of reception by the speed of light, the GPS receiver can calculate position from each of the satellites it is currently receiving radio signals from.
Each GPS satellite is equipped with an atomic clock, the most accurate type of chronometer available.
For accuracy to within a few meters, the satellites’ atomic clocks have to be extremely precise – plus or minus 10 nanoseconds.
10 nanoseconds? I know, I know, Dear Reader: many of us, myself included, are aware of and can easily comprehend time divisions in the milliseconds. These types of chronological measurements are used in computer programming and applications. But nanoseconds are a much smaller unit used to divide time – and there’s a big problem besides the conceptual challenges associated with grasping such minute time divisions.
These amazingly accurate atomic clocks never seem to run quite right aboard these GPS satellites. One second as measured on each GPS satellite never quite matches a second as measured on Earth.
Wait a second: what the heck? Why not? I thought you said the atomic clocks were the most accurate form of chronometer available…why is it that there are these time differences?
Well, Dear Reader, the answer is that Einstein knew what he was talking about with that relativity stuff. Mind you, I’m not talking about Einstein’s much broader scientific theory of _general_ relativity, I’m speaking of Einstein’s early relativity predictions that were later proven to be observable in the cosmos.
Einstein, relativity, and GPS
Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity predicts that a clock that is traveling fast will appear to run slowly from the perspective of someone standing still. The GPS satellites move at around 9,000 miles per hour, and this is enough speed to make their onboard atomic chronometers slow down by 8 microseconds per day from the perspective of a GPS receiver.
This is more than enough to completely corrupt the location data. In order to counter this effect, the GPS receiver adjusts the time information it receives from each satellite by using an equation:
GPS receivers use the above equation to correct for time incongruousness that results from Einstein’s theory of special relativity
The amount of time that has elapsed on Earth during the delta time interval of the satellites’ radio transmission segment is equal to the amount of time elapsed as measured on the GPS satellite in question divided by the square root of 1 minus the exact velocity of the satellite (around 9,000 MPH) divided by the speed of light, or 186,262 miles per second.
How GPS uses triangulation to solve for position
Solving for position using GPS satellite radio signals (corrected for time as detailed above) is accomplished by means of triangulation, which means if you know your distance from three fixed locations, you can calculate your own position. I have illustrated in my prior, simplified examples how a navigator can find their position in two dimensions.
In two dimensions, a GPS receiver measures its distance from satellite #1, which means the navigator is somewhere on the conceptual circle of potential positions that surrounds GPS satellite #1. Next, the receiver measures its distance to GPS satellite #2. The GPS receiver must then lie somewhere on the circles of potential positions that surround satellites #1 and #2. There are only two potential positions where the GPS receiver can be located, and each of these two potential positions is where the two circles of position potentialities intersect.
Triangulation is used to find position from GPS satellite receptions
The GPS then measures its distance from GPS satellite #3 and, just as before, the only potential positions for the GPS receiver are where the circles surrounding the three satellites intersect. Using triangulation, there is only one location on the Earth where all three position potentiality circles intersect, so at this point, the GPS receiver has calculated its position.
Piece of cake, right? GPS navigation sounds complex because it is, but fortunately the GPS receiver equipment performs these calculations with great speed and accuracy, hiding all the nasty math it takes to solve for position from the navigator.
GPS solves for latitude, longitude, and altitude too
The GPS system is really super because it uses these three intersecting spheres of position potentialities to determine a three dimensional position comprised of latitude, longitude, and altitude.
My examples above stress the importance of time synchronization and the satellites’ exact positions. This will help me explain the concept of Selective Availability, or SA, later in this article. For now, just remember that if the receiver is not exactly synchronized to the satellites or if it does not know the satellites’ precise positions, the position the GPS receiver calculates will be inaccurate.
Signals from just three GPS satellties are enough for a GPS receiver to calculate its position, but a fourth GPS satellite signal is used to synchronize the time between the satellites’ highly accurate onboard atomic clocks and the less accurate quartz chronometer onboard the GPS receiver itself.
If radio signals from only three GPS satellites are available, one signal must be used to synchronize time, leaving only two signals to calculate a two-dimensional position.
The knowledge of the GPS satellites’ exact positions is the other vital aspect of positioning with GPS signals. A GPS receiver would not be able to accurately determine its own position with simply the radio signal time difference information from the GPS satellites, it must also know the exact positions of the GPS satellites in order to determine its own location on the Earth. Each satellite knows its own position, as well as the positions of all of the other GPS satellites in the GPS satellite constellation, and each satellite sends this orbital position information down to the GPS receiver.
GPS satellite position information
As I explained above, the GPS receiver has a list of satellite positions that is transmitted to it from the GPS satellites, but how does it know the positions of the GPS satellites when the GPS receiver is turned off or is moved while the power to the GPS receiver is turned off? How will it know where the satellites are when it is turned back on?
If a GPS receiver has been turned off for more than six months or has been moved more than 300 miles while it was turned off, then its internal almanac is inaccurate and cannot be used. Fortunately, all the GPS satellites transmit an updated orbital position almanac with regularity.
When a GPS receiver is turned on, it initially performs a check on its latest received orbital position almanac. If the GPS receiver determines that this almanac makes no sense according to a set of predefined parameters, then the GPS receiver will wait until it receives a new almanac so it can then calculate its position.
This delay between when a GPS receiver is turned on and when it calculates its position is called Time To First Fix (TTFF). Sometimes solving for the first position fix reading can take a while, and the reason behind this is usually that the GPS receiver is waiting for a new almanac from the GPS satellites.
So far in my discussion of the GPS system, I have spoken only of two entities: the satellites and the GPS receiver users. The third component of the GPS system is ground control. Ground stations monitor the satellite positions, control the satellites and determine the overall GPS system health.
Ground control also maintains the up-to-date orbital positioning almanac that is beamed to the GPS satellites, and in turn, down to the GPS receiver units on the Earth.
The United States military, Navstar, WAAS, the ionosphere and Selective Availability
How’s the above for a section title heading? A mouthful?
The concept of the GPS system was conceived of in 1960 to increase the accuracy of intercontinental ballistic missiles. Just another example of your tax dollars at work for you Americans out there, and another example of military space technology come down to Earth in the form of some civilian technology innovations.
The U.S. Air Force began the development of the GPS system and called it the Global Positioning System. Soon afterwards, the other branches of the U.S. military became involved in the development of the GPS system and the Pentagon changed the system’s name to Navstar – a name that did not stick. The entire system cost nearly $10 billion to develop and was fully operational in April, 1995.
Eighteen satellites is the minimum number needed to cover the entire Earth, but the actual number of GPS satellties that make up the GPS constellation in orbit flunctuates between 24 and 29 due to factors such as maintenance of spare satellites and upgrading of GPS satellites.
The GPS system designers had to deal with an interesting problem that affected the accuracy of the radio waves being transmitted through the Earth’s ionosphere and down to the GPS receivers on Earth. The Earth’s ionosphere slows down the satellite radio waves and would potentially affect the accuracy of the position data determined buy the GPS receivers.
The GPS system designers used two techniques to overcome the error in the GPS radio signals introduced by the ionopshere, one for civilian GPS receivers, and one for military receivers.
You see, the GPS system was designed by the U.S. military, and there was a very valid concern that the system could be used by America’s enemies as well as the U.S. military. After all, any country or group could potentially receive the radio signals beamed down to the Earth by the GPS satellites. As these radio waves are simply radio broadcasts, there is no point-to-point secure radio transmission to ensure who is using the GPS system and for what purpose they are using it.
GPS satellites beam two types of radio signals down to the GPS receivers: Precision Code, or P Code, and CA Code, or Coarse Acquisition Code. The CA code was public, and any receiver could detect it. The P code was made so complex that only military receivers, known as authorized users, can detect and use it for navigation.
The CA code is transmitted at 1575.42 MHz, which is called the L1 frequency. Each civilian GPS receiver is programmed with with a model that reports how much the L1 signal slows down when it hits the ionosphere. Based on this model, the GPS receiver can correct for ionospheric interference.
The solution for military receivers is more complex, but this complexity brings with it more accuracy. The P code is transmitted on the L1 frequency and at 1227.6 Mhz, which is called L2. Radio waves of different frequencies slow down differently when they hit the Earth’s ionosphere, so military GPS receivers compare the delay between L1 and L2 to figure out how much they slowed down. Comparing two signals is more accurate than using an ionosphere model because the model may be slightly off for any given GPS receiver location, whereas the comparison of the L1 and L2 radio signals is always accurate.
WAAS, or Wide Area Augmentation System, correction data decreases the impact of an inaccurate ionosphere model in civilian GPS receivers.
Selective Availability, WAAS, and Differential GPS
P code is inherently more accurate than the CA code transmitted by the GPS satellties, so military GPS receivers are generally accurate to 1 meter, or 3.3 feet. The CA code provides accuracy to about 15 meters, or 49.2 feet, which is less accurate than the P code, but still accurate enough to be deadly in the hands of the wrong people, so the GPS system designers decided to limit the usefulness of the CA code by making it deliberately less accurate than it was designed to be. The policy of deteriorating the CA code accuracy is called Selective Availability (SA).
Selective Availability randomly introduced position error into the CA code. The deliberate error changed the accuracy of a civilian (unauthorized) receiver from 15 meters (49.2 feet) to somewhere between 15 meters (49.2 feet) and 100 meters (328 feet). Selective Availability was a nuisance and as GPS use spread, many people complained. As a result, on May 2, 2000 the U.S. military eliminated SA at the behest of the U.S. government. Civilian GPS receivers are now nominally accurate to 15 meters, or 49.2 feet, as a result of this SA elimination.
While SA was still being enforced, some clever people developed a way around it using a technique known as Differential GPS. DGPS detects and eliminates the random error of SA and makes civilian receivers accurate to approximately 5 meters (16.4 feet). Since the removal of SA, DGPS is still used because it still increases civilian receiver accuracy, but is quickly being replaced by WAAS.
The FAA, or Fedral Aviation Administration in the United States determined that GPS is not accurate enough to be used for aviation, so it has added a form of differential GPS called WAAS to increase accuracy.
WAAS is more accurate than current DGPS services, it is available for locations in the U.S., parts of Canada and Mexico and it is free. GPS receivers equipped with WAAS have increased accuracy, from 15 meters (49.2 feet) to 3 meters (9.8 feet). unfortunately, the WAAS correction signals are most easily received in flat, open spaces, so you may not be able to pick tthem up in mountainous terrain.
Still more to come from the Hub Tech Insider on GPS – Build Your Own GPS
In upcoming articles, I will delve much deeper into DGPS, or Differential GPS, and illustrate for you some of the very innovative ways in which DGPS has been employed in applications such as coastal sea or littoral navigation, and even how it is used to keep track of the maintenance needs of huge public works such as dams and bridges.
I am also really excited about an upcoming feature I am hard at work on, a more hands-on article in which I will demonstrate how you can build your very own, battery-powered GPS receiver. I will then take you through some very basic computer programming code, written in a language called Processing, also known as Wiring, which is very similar to the C computer language. (C is one of my favorite computer programming languages, I must admit. Any computer programming language that utilizes a C-type syntax, I enjoy working with – except Java. No hate mail.)
The built-from-scratch GPS unit I will demonstrate how to build is portable, battery powered, and includes a bluetooth module for communicating wirelessly with your PC. You will be able, once you have followed my complete and detailed instructions for constructing this GPS device, to poll the GPS module for data, known as sentences in GPS parlance, to extract location data in the NMEA protocol. NMEA stands for National Maritime Electronics Association, and the NMEA protocol is fundamental to digital, programmatic interactions with GPS modules.
As you can well imagine, I intend to break it all down as usual, and I think it will be fun to finally post some of my terrible computer programming code. As you know, I am not a professional programmer, but a PMO Director, but for some strange reason, ever since I was a little, tiny tiny nerd boy, I have been programming computers. I just don’t talk about it too much, because programming computers is just something I have always done, not something I hang out my shingle on, so to speak.
Anyways, don’t worry, just like the code I write for ecommerce sites, this GPS code is simple, easy to follow, and always, always runs. When you see the latitude and longitude information flowing from this device wirelessly onto your PC, you will be very happy. There is nothing like getting involved hands-on with technology to increase your understanding of difficult tech concepts, and I hope you will have as much fun building your own wireless bluetooth GPS module as I did.
Homemade, battery-powered GPS unit with Bluetooth module on a solderless breadboard
I will also show you how to run this GPS code on multiple platforms, such as Linux and Mac OS X, not just Windows PC machines. I always like to get my code running on all three platforms if possible – I will demonstrate how to get your development environment running for Processing coding on all three types of personal computer systems.
You probably already know that a complete glossary of GPS technology terminology is in the works too here at the Hub Tech Insider.
I’m Paul Seibert, Editor of Boston’s Hub Tech Insider, a Boston focused technology blog. You can connect with me on LinkedIn, follow me on Twitter, even friend me on Facebook if you’re cool. I own and am trying to sell a dual-zoned, residential & commercial Office Building in Natick, MA. I have a background in entrepreneurship, ecommerce, telecommunications and software development, I’m a PMO Director, I’m a serial entrepreneur and the co-founder of Tshirtnow.net.
GPS group slams LightSquared’s new plan (infoworld.com)
Sat nav to benefit car insurance (autonetinsurance.co.uk)
The GPS navigation system (jiaho.wordpress.com)
Surprise! Your GPS Device (Probably) Isn’t Spying On You (businessinsider.com)
What is the Difference Between GPS and RFID Tracking? (brighthub.com)
Understanding GPS Coordinates (brighthub.com)
Satellite Clock Errors and GPS Tracking Errors (brighthub.com)
GPS, Wi-Fi: How your iPhone knows where you are (macworld.com)
MapQuest Integrates Skyhook: Can It Outperform Google Maps? (nytimes.com)
Help Entering Your GPS Coordinates (brighthub.com)
Boston’s Skyhook Wireless maps the physical meatspace world so your smartphone can know its location in a minute without slow GPS satellite fixes August 23, 2010
Posted by HubTechInsider in Mobile Software Applications, Startups, Wireless Applications.
Tags: Apple, Global Positioning System, Google, GPS, iPhone, Mobile Applications, mobile software, mobile web, Motorola, Skyhook Wireless, Startups, Venture Capital, Wi-Fi
Image via CrunchBase
Boston’s Skyhook Wireless maps the physical meatspace world so your smartphone can know its location in a minute without slow GPS satellite fixes and tap into the new wave of nascent geo-location services.
Skyhook Wireless software loads onto mobile telephones and other portable devices like netbook computers and tablet computers and in most urban city locations can pinpoint a user’s location within 60 feet, obtaining a position fix in around one to two minutes, much faster than traditional GPS, or Global Positioning Systems, are able to obtain positive location information or even connect, while inside buildings.
When a Skyhook-enabled smartphone checks on its location, it will use the Skyhook Wireless software to scan for nearby cellular towers, Wi-Fi hotspots and available GPS satellites. The smartphone then sends that data to a Skyhhok Wireless server and within seconds can get a positive position fix on where in the world that smartphone is. This three-pronged approach is superior in the field in many instances for obtaining a position as opposed to reliance on GPS alone, which can take minutes to obtain a position fix.
But Skyhook Wireless must continuously update its location database as people move and new hotspots emerge and cease. The biggest challenge is not getting the data, it is managing the chaos that surrounds the shifting database of location-fixing data.
Skyhook Wireless software is part of a thriving emerging market for location-based services. These services include mobile social networks like Facebook Places, Gowalla and Foursquare, which enable “checking in” and broadcasting your location information to friends, announcing, for example, your arrival at a neighborhood restaurant.
To make this possible, Skyhook Wireless has amassed a database of more than 50 billion scanned records of Wi-Fi, cellular tower and GPS signals. This “map” of locations captures nearly 80% of the geographic areas in which the population of the US lives and works daily. In order to gather all of this information, Skyhook Wireless, on any given day, employs 500 drivers to cruise around with laptops and wireless antennas that read Wi-Fi and other signals and correlate them with locations. The company’s ultimate goal is to obtain baseline scans of all the roads and cities across the entire globe.
Skyhook Wireless has among its customers the manufacturers of mobile phones and other consumer devices. Skyhook Wireless software is installed in tens of millions of consumer gadgets, including some netbook computers, cameras, and until very recently, every iPhone, iPad and iPod that Apple shipped. In April, Apple began using its own location data it had been collecting for this purpose over years of iPhone use. In July of this year, Skyhook Wireless inked a deal with Samsung for its smartphones and has agreements with Motorola and Dell as well.
Licensing Skyhook Wireless technology can cost as much as $2 per device. Forbes magazine estimated the company’s 2009 revenues at $25 Million. Skyhook Wireless has around 35 emplyees, was founded in 2003, and has raised around $17 Million from investors to date.
Skyhook Wireless is competing against Apple, Inc., as mentioned previously in this article, as well as giants Google and Nokia, which have both also developed and acquired similar services that use multiple locataion data inputs, like Wi-Fi hotspots for mobile location fixing. It may be significant that in April of this year, Motorola choose to license the Skyhook Wireless technology rather than use Google’s free location software.
The CEO of Skyhook Wireless is Ted Morgan, age 43, the company’s founder.
Skyhook Wireless Partners with Samsung Electronics for Leading Location System (eon.businesswire.com)
For Location, Samsung Hooks Up with Skyhook (gigaom.com)
Devicescape Joins WiFi-Based Location Sweepstakes (gigaom.com)
Skyhook Teams Up with Samsung (xconomy.com)
Skyhook Awarded Four New Wi-Fi Location Patents (eon.businesswire.com)
Samsung Selects Skyhook Location Services (informationweek.com)
Gowalla Adds Skyhook Location to Android App (eon.businesswire.com)
Skyhook Wireless Adds Location Engine to Flixster (eon.businesswire.com)
Skyhook Wireless Announces First Platform Integration Of Location System On Motorola Android-Based Devices (eon.businesswire.com)
Skyhook Wireless Digs In, Touts Location Patents After Apple Drops Technology From iPhone (xconomy.com)
The SONET and SDH Signal Hierarchy: How many T-1s are in an OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, or OC-48?
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Feature employer: London Hunt & Country Club
Washing away disability stigma one dish at a time
By Janice Richmond
Michael Stark runs one of the finest kitchens in London; some argue one of the finest in the country. But it’s not just the food that makes the dining experience exceptional. The Executive Chef at the London Hunt and Country Club inspires and is inspired by his staff. It’s the people as much as the food that makes for a great time at the member-only club.
One of his staff is particularly inspirational. On a recommendation from a friend, Stark hired a young man to work in his fast-paced kitchen. It was a simple process Stark says. After a brief meeting with Hutton House employment specialist Guillermo Antonio Anaya and one of his participants, Stark hired the participant as a part-time dishwasher.
Almost four years later 35-year old Tyhlor Mergerenn is still happily working as a dishwasher at the London Hunt Club. It’s a role that he takes seriously. He dons his white uniform shirt and black hat and gets to work in one of two spacious kitchens. He washes dishes and cleans the kitchens and feels good about his accomplishments. Although, he admits it can be stressful taking care of a dinner for 100 people. “Servers are bringing back cups and dishes and they are well organized, but you have to be fast, keep up,” he says. And he adds it’s a job that he might never have got without the help of Hutton House.
Tyhlor came to Hutton House as a teenager, “a bad one at that!” he says in a meeting at The Learning Centre in the Cherryhill Village Mall. “I was always behind in school, getting in trouble, whatever, and my Mom’s friend suggested to come here to get help with school, social activities, work.” He was diagnosed with a learning disability and the staff at Hutton House was able to help him with social and financial programs, resume writing, and job interview skills. It helped. “I’ve managed to keep a job for five years at a time. I ended up going to college. They got me a letter to get me extra help and time with my exams and tests,” he said. He adds that it was a relief to know that he wasn’t below average, wasn’t “bad”, but rather had a learning disability and he needed to learn things in a different way than most people.
His job gives him self-worth, a few extra dollars, and a social life. Living on a monthly Ontario Disability Support Program cheque means there isn’t a lot of wiggle room when budgeting. And he says he’s met some nice people. “Not just the people I work with but the patrons too,” he adds. “The people that come there aren’t snobby and stuck up. They are friendlier. They come in on routines and they get to know everyone by name and have general conversations with us. There are regulars who come every Friday night for the buffet and they’ll ask ‘how’s it going this week’, you know regular stuff. Or they’ll pick you up at the end of the driveway and they’ll drive you home too. Or to the bus stop or wherever, I’ve had a ride home a couple of times and that’s nice for me because it’s more than an hour bus ride and its 2 buses.”
A winding, beautiful, tree-lined driveway about one kilometer long tucked away off Oxford St. West takes you through the lush grounds of the 131-year old Club and to the front doors of its gorgeous Georgian style clubhouse. It is here where 1400 members gather to play golf, tennis, cards, skeet shoot, work-out and attend private functions, weddings, birthday parties and business meetings.
“Hutton House was a real big eye opener for us as to the quality of people we could get through this channel,” Stark says. “Here’s the type of person Tyhlor is. A couple of years ago, Tyhlor’s first winter here when we had that extreme winter, there was a day when the city was shut down which means the Club was shut down. Our sous chef brought her boyfriend’s jeep to work because there was a pick up order. She was going to leave the order on the doorstep and she lives just around the corner so she was able to make it in with the jeep. Well Tyhlor was here, at the front door. What had happened was, he thought it was snowy and no one else would show up so he walked from Waterloo St to here in a snowstorm. So I think that speaks to the kind of person that Tyhlor is. No phonecall, nothing. He just assumed that the other dishwashers would not show up. He didn’t want the Club to be without a dishwasher that day.”
Stark credits his kitchen staff with keeping such a positive atmosphere that there is a low turnover rate. While some people may think the job of a dishwasher is mundane, Tyhlor is content with the task and enjoys the people around him. He has offered to give up his Christmas hours to workers with families who may need the extra money. No angel as a teenager, in fact some may have described him as a bit of a devil, Tyhlor now volunteers for Angels in the Night. It’s a community organization that provides coats, blankets, toiletries and other essentials to homeless shelters. Tyhlor was homeless for a brief time after his rooming house on Adelaide Street was condemned. He didn’t live on the street but had to couch surf with friends and family for awhile. He now lives in his own bachelor apartment. He credits the staff at Hutton House for helping him resolve his housing issues too. His advice to others who may be struggling with a disability is to ask for help. “I would recommend Hutton House, not even just for jobs, but for everything,” he says.
Stark also has advice for employers who may be thinking of adding diversity to their workforce. “I think they have to take that leap of faith. Just do it. And through the use of Hutton House you have the added advantage of support, although we’ve never had to use it. Guillermo would stop by, but we would tell him to stop, that there was really no need. I think that though with that support, if there is any trepidation then all of a sudden it will be a little bit less.”
Wise words from two men who would know.
Hutton House specializes in helping people with all kinds of disabilities find work and positive experiences. If you, or someone you know could benefit from our expertise, please give us a call, visit us in person, or online.
Huttonhouse.com 519 472 1541 x 232
Email: sarah@huttonhouse.com
301 Oxford St. W. in the Cherryhill Village Mall.
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Remembering Ex-Motley Crue, Ozzy Osbourne Drummer Randy Castillo
Jeff Giles
Motley Records / Phil Natkin, Getty Images
The music world lost a major talent on March 26, 2002, when drummer Randy Castillo, who spent time as a member of Ozzy Osbourne's band and was also in Mötley Crüe, passed away after suffering complications related to his battle against cancer.
Born Dec. 8, 1950 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Castillo was bitten by the musical bug at an early age, but didn't settle on the drums until — like countless future rock stars — he saw the Beatles performing on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964. By his late teens, Castillo was gigging heavily with a variety of bands, and he cut his first LP in 1980 as a member of the Offenders, a short-lived group featuring past and future members of Autograph and Badfinger.
The following year, Castillo moved to Los Angeles in search of his big break, spending time rooming with future Rick Springfield guitarist Tim Pierce before serving a short tenure touring with the Motels and joining up with another short-lived collection of all-star sidemen, USSA, alongside ex-Cheap Trick bassist Pete Comita and former Montrose singer Bob James.
Before long, Castillo had enough of a name — and enough experience — to land a gig drumming for Lita Ford, who brought him into the band for her 1984 Dancin' on the Edge LP. That association brought him into contact with Mötley Crüe members Tommy Lee and Nikki Sixx — an introduction that would prove fateful in more ways than one. In the short term, it led to a crucial tip: Ozzy Osbourne was looking for a new drummer, and Castillo's new pals were willing to make a recommendation.
Castillo ended up serving as a cornerstone of Osbourne's band for close to a decade, making his first appearance on 1986's The Ultimate Sin LP and sticking around through the tour following 1991's No More Tears — a series of engagements that produced the Live & Loud double-disc concert recording two years later.
After leaving Osbourne's employ, Castillo bounced around a handful of projects for a few years, contributing session drums to a number of tribute LPs issued by the Cleopatra label and returning to Osbourne's band for a brief second tour of duty in 1995. His free-agent status made him a natural fit when Lee left Mötley Crüe in 1999, and he joined the lineup in time to enter the studio and record their eighth LP, 2000's New Tattoo.
Unfortunately, Castillo wouldn't have much time to enjoy the new gig. Before Mötley Crüe started its tour in support of New Tattoo, he started experiencing pain after a show with his side project Azul, and after he was admitted to the hospital, doctors discovered he was suffering from a serious ulcer that required surgery.
"[It] ate a hole through the lining of my stomach and once it opened up all that acid in the tummy just pours into your lower intestines and wreaks havoc," Castillo later wrote. "My doctor said my ulcer was caused by a bacteria that is contagious called h-pylori. I thought it was my love of drink and good times that at least contributed, but no, it was a bug that apparently many people have."
The band headed out on tour with Hole drummer Samantha Maloney filling in for Castillo, but while he recuperated following his ulcer surgery, his health woes got even worse. Initially ignoring a small lump under his jaw, he sought medical attention after it started getting bigger — and was stunned to receive a cancer diagnosis.
"There is nothing like the wave of emotion that hits you when you get told 'You have cancer.' Nothing can prepare you for the doom you feel inside upon hearing those words," Castillo said after undergoing surgery to remove a lump "the size of a lime" from under his right jawline. "I am currently getting radiation every day five days a week and chemotherapy once every three weeks for six months...cancer is a bitch."
Motley Records
Castillo's form of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, is often treatable if detected in time — and after undergoing aggressive therapy, he believed he'd beaten the disease. But not long after being told he was in remission, his cancer returned, and this time, there would be no happy ending. On March 26, 2002, he succumbed to the disease.
"I am heartbroken about the passing of one of my dearest friends," said Osbourne. "I will see you on the other side, Randy. I love you."
"He always had a smile and positive things to say about everything and everybody," added Nikki Sixx. "He was a great drummer, a great caring person and a very spiritual soul."
Only 51 at the time of his passing, Castillo left behind a musical legacy that, by all rights, should have had decades left to develop — and ample evidence of the talent that kept him consistently employed for years. Director Wynn Ponder sought to capture it with the documentary The Life, Blood and Rhythm of Randy Castillo, which features narration from Lita Ford and has gone on to earn festival acclaim. Perhaps most importantly, Castillo left an urgent reminder of the importance of preventative care.
"I just want anybody out there to know that if you ever have the slightest inkling of a symptom, whether it be a lump or a sore anywhere on your body or anything that looks or feels suspicious, go get it checked out fast," Castillo told Metal Sludge. "With cancer, time is of the essence. You could save yourself and all who care about you a s---load of grief by catching it early."
Ozzy Ozbourne Albums Ranked Worst to Best
Next: Top 10 Motley Crue Songs
Source: Remembering Ex-Motley Crue, Ozzy Osbourne Drummer Randy Castillo
Filed Under: Motley Crue, Ozzy Osbourne
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Tag Archives: Lucy Thurlow
National Poetry Day
Tomorrow, Thursday 6th October 2016, is National Poetry Day, and this time Hull based company A Car Load of Poets are getting involved.
Vicky Foster and Ian Winter, the brains behind A Car Load of Poets, continue to work extremely hard to bring, and produce, quality poetry in the next UK City of Culture.
Seven months ago they started Women of Words, a monthly gathering on the first Wednesday afternoon of the month at Kardomah 94 on Alfred Gelder Street.
While that continues to blossom, judging by the proven, and fresh, talent I’ve seen there, and it’s growing audience, our two heroes continue to reach out to the poetry world, and tomorrow is no different.
I spoke to both of them this afternoon at Kardomah 94, Ian Winter said: “Fortunately we’ve got Kardomah 94, and we’ve got Central Library, which are really open to ideas, which has helped get it off the ground.
“I think we’ve got 20 groups taking part, there’s not many I can think of what aren’t involved.
“We’ve got two stages, one at Central Library from 1pm til 4pm, which I’ll man, one at Kardomah 94 from 10am to 10pm, Vicky Foster will be opening that.
“The night time is a top performance poetry night, we’ve got Toria Garbutt, Louise Fazackerley and Stan Skinny and a special surprise comedy act is coming.
“We’ve got local poets Mike Watts, Peter Knaggs Lucy Clarke and Josh Overton on. There’s Open Mic and we’ll be doing a few poems as well.”
Newish group The Artful Codgers came into the convesation next: “The Artful Codgers were set up by Terry and Sue Ireland, Dave Osgerby, I think Richard Harris is in it, they just kicked off, I think the more groups we get involved, the more the merrier.”
The idea behind A Car Load of Poets came from a desire to promote talented poetry in Hull.
“Hull has some outstanding poets, who deserve to be on stage with the very best.
Malcolm Scott has also been a driving force behind tomorrow, with his well known enthusiasm for the artistic scene in Hull.
“Malcolm Scott has always been very encouraging, he’s like a breath of fresh air, because without Malcolm Scott in the town, there’d be a lot of writers, playwrights like myself either wrapped up, or just continue taking work out of town.
“Tomorrow will hopefully become a regular event, the groups here will hopefully take them out to the community and schools.
“This is just the foundation for it, to be a bigger and better event. Hats off to all the groups, there’s been no thinking about it, it’s been yeah I’m on board, I’m on board, which is fantastic.”
“There’s another creative outlet coming from this dynamic duo as well: “We’ve got a new thing starting in the new year called The Word Hull.
“That’s going to include spoken word, comedy and music, that’s probably going to be on at Kardomah 94, one evening a month, and that will be like a collaborative event.
“Most of the stuff I do is collaborations, Monologues Slam is done with Andy Wilson and Lucy Thurlow, so that’s 20/20 Theatre with Penny Duck Theatre and Scarlet Lights.
“I’ve got Vicky Foster involved with A Car Load of Poets, I always try to involve other people with stuff like A Car Load of Poets.
“You go to Manchester, you go to York, you go to Sheffield, and they all reach out, Joe Hakim and Mike Watts a few years ago were trying to do that for Hull.
“I’m just picking up from where they stopped really.”
Chatting to Vicky after Women of Words, she said: “National Poetry day happens right across the country every year.
“What we decided to do was try and bring local groups together, so we spoke to the libraries and the James Reckitt Trust, and they kindly funded the day and the night.
“So basically we’re going to be having a stage that runs here at Kardomah 94 from 10 in the morning, until 10 at night.
“That’s going to be in two sections, the first will be from 10 til six, there’ll be about 20 different local poetry groups, they’re all going to pick 20 minute spots, and in between those spots, we’ve got open mic available.
“In the evening we’ve got performance poets, we’ve got Toria Garbutt, Louise Ferzackally and Stan Skinny.
“Also, in addition to that, we’ve got a stage running at Central Library from one til four tomorrow afternoon and you’ll see some of the local poetry groups performing there, and there’s open mic spots available there too.”
The attraction of National Poetry day, it seems, is just a natural progression for our talented twosome, who spend a lot of time travelling around on our behalf.
Vicky continues: “We travel around a lot, listening to, and performing poetry and we’re aware that there are a lot of different groups in Hull doing poetry.
“We just wanted to bring those groups together so people can collaborate.
“Also it just gives people a chance to hear a lot of different voices, which is what poetry is about really.” This statement draws a little giggle from this thoroughly engaging lady.
There’s plenty of attraction for her to this event: “I’m really looking forward to all of it, particularly tomorrow night.
“Some of the performance poets who are coming tomorrow night, I really, really like, so I’m looking forward to seeing them.
“There’s a guy who plays the guitar, from the open mic circuit, and I know he’s been writing a bit of poetry, and he’s coming tomorrow morning to perform some poetry for the first time.
The final question is, If people feel like just doing a bit of poetry, they should just come along to this? She replies instantly: “Yes, that’s right.”
I would readily suggest, please go and support this event, it’s bound to be an absolute triumph, I’ll see you there.
Photo L to R: Vicky Foster, Hannah Davies and Audrey Dunne
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What Does Intel i3 and i7 Mean?
by Andy Josiah
The Intel i3 and the i7 are references to the Intel Core i3 and the Intel Core i7, respectively. They are both entries of semiconductor company Intel Corp.'s premier Core brand of consumer-oriented processors, or central processing units, which go on desktop and laptop personal computers. The i3 is the entry-level CPU of the brand, while the i7 represents the top-level division.
The Intel Core i7 kicked off the beginning of production of the Core i-series CPU when Intel Corp. introduced it in 2008. It replaced the previous production cycle, dubbed Core 2. The Intel Core i5 followed in 2009 as the i7's lower-level counterpart. In 2010, however, Intel Corp. debuted the Intel Core i3, which relegated the i5 to mid-range status. The arrival of the i3 confirmed the retirement of the Core 2 brand.
The Intel Core i3 is strictly a dual-core chip. This means that it has two cores, or processing units. The Intel Core i7 also has dual-core CPUs. However, it also offers quad- and six-core chips; these versions are thus greater in processing power than the dual-core chips. Each in their second generation of production, the i3 uses the 32-nanometer manufacturing process, while the older i7 chip uses both the 45-nm and 32-nanometer manufacturing processes.
Each Intel Core i3 and Intel Core i7 CPU has a processing speed, which is the rate at which the chip executes its fundamental tasks; and a data transfer speed, which is the rate at which the processor conducts transmission of data with the motherboard. At the time of publication, the i3 has a processing speed range of 1.2GHz to 3.33GHz, while that of the i7 is 1.06GHz to 3.46GHz. Each first-generational i3 and i7 chip has a data transfer rate of 2.5 gigatransfers per second, while the second-generational processors offer twice that rate. The enthusiast-focused i7 Extreme CPU, however, top them all with 6.4GT/s.
As 64-bit processors, the Intel Core i3 and Intel Core i7 processors have technologies such as Hyper-Threading for enhancing multitasking, SpeedStep for boosting performance while saving power, and Execute Disable Bit for anti-virus protection. Also, each chip has an Intel Smart Cache for providing high-speed access to the computer's most frequently used data. The second-generational chips have an Intel HD Graphics chipset for providing basic graphics processing. Intel adds Turbo Boost technology on the i7 chips, which increases the processing speed when the operating system demands it for optimal performance. This feature enables the i7 to reach processing speeds as fast as 3.73GHz.
Intel Corp.: 1st Previous Generation Intel Core i3 Processor
Intel Corp.: 2nd Generation Intel Core i3 Processors
Intel Corp.: 1st Generation Intel Core i7 Processor
Intel Corp.: 1st Generation Intel Core i7 Extreme Processor
Intel Corp.: 2nd Generation Intel Core i7 Extreme Processor
How to Balance a CPU and a GPU
What Intel Processors Have Hyper ...
Pros & Cons of Intel & AMD
Which Smartphone Has the Fastest ...
Comparisons of Processor Speeds
What Types of Games Can I Play With an ...
How Does a Computer Motherboard Work?
Can you add a Processor Into an ...
CPU Usage Vs. Processor Time
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Documenting my journey as a writer.
Words Are Important
June 10, 2017 ~ hmweasley ~ Leave a comment
The importance of word choice is such a large topic that I can’t scratch the surface in one blog post. As I sit here, I have no idea where to begin or what, exactly, I want to say.
Two words can have the same basic definition, but we know their connotations are different even if said connotation is difficult to put into words. The words we choose to use say something important about our message and, by extension, us.
My belief in this concept is one of the reasons I get frustrated at the belief that we have a new “politically correct” culture that is ruining society, an argument that is typically used when someone disagrees with another’s language.
Word choice matters. It always has and it will continue to as long as we have language. Otherwise, we wouldn’t have multiple words with the same basic meaning. Which word you choose says something more than it’s basic definition, and though I never lived in an ancient civilization, I imagine that it was the same in the past in most (if not all) cultures. I’m also willing to bet that people always got angry at the words of others, even if that person had the freedom of speech to say them.
That’s nothing new. Why are some of us pretending like it is?
Pseudonyms and the Internet
November 29, 2016 ~ hmweasley ~ Leave a comment
Pseudonyms fascinate me. There are a number of reasons why people use them. From women writing under male names in order to get published (or sell more copies) to authors using pseudonyms two reach different markets to the various other reasons one wouldn’t write under their own name.
One thing that I find interesting about pseudonyms is that we use them all the time these days without connecting them to the pseudonyms often used by authors. These days, you can find people with pseudonyms just about everywhere, especially if you’re searching for them online.
The Internet is perfect for pseudonyms, although this is changing in many areas of the Internet. It used to be that you only had a Youtube username. Now you can have your real name if you so choose. Sites like Twitter list your real name (should you choose to use it) right alongside your username. But there are still sites where your only name is the username that you create. It creates a sense of anonymity or, if not that, at least the sense that you’re someone else, not quite the person you are in real life.
I don’t have any large revelation as to what that means. It’s just something that I find interesting to think about. No doubt there are countless people who have said things on the Internet that they never would have without the anonymity that pseudonyms have provided, but there are also countless better reasons to use them. The reasons people use pseudonyms on the Internet don’t exactly line up with all of the reasons authors would choose to use a pseudonym, but when it comes down to it, they’re both the same thing.
The Society and the 2016 Election
November 12, 2016 ~ hmweasley ~ 1 Comment
It’s been a while since I’ve said much of anything about The Society, which was the writing project that was my primary focus for such a long time. The silence about it on my part hasn’t been because I quit working on it. Rather, I have just shifted focus and, recently, haven’t been devoting as much time to it as I was.
(Lately, I have been writing more fanfiction than anything else. I recently finished the first draft of a Harry Potter fanfiction that is the longest thing I’ve ever written, and I’m quite proud of it so far.)
The Society has taken the back burner, though I am still committed to it. Now, however, I feel a new hesitancy about writing it that wasn’t there before when my lack of focus on it had more to do with Cursed Child feelings needing to be fully explored so that I could get over that disappointment.
Now the political nature of The Society is on my mind more than ever. I’m not sure how apparent this has been in what I’ve said about The Society in the past, but I’m writing a fantasy story that hinges around a fictional political system. My main character has been caught up in this political system since birth (having been born into an important family), and her relationship with the system is key to the entire plot. The story would not exist without it.
While this is very much a fictional political system that has magic as a key component, it would be foolish to suggest that it was not influenced by real life political systems. My goal is to write about a worldwide political system of the magical world, and this has meant painstakingly exploring the ways the real world politics of various regions of the world would influence a magical government in that same area and doing so in a way that’s accurate and respectful. Needless to say, that has been a lot of work, and it’s the biggest reason why this project is still in an infancy stage of sorts. While I have rough drafts of multiple stories in the series, none of them are anywhere near what I expect the finished projects to be because I have so much work to do fleshing them out and reworking them.
I have operated under the belief that the series would be set over a number of years, with the first of those years being the same year when I first began working on the series. My timeline for the series placed some of what I have planned into the current future, meaning the story I have would overlap with a Trump presidency, but that was the case long before I had any idea Trump would be running for president.
This has put me face to face with a situation I never expected. While I’m writing about fictional politics, I don’t feel like the world I am writing can be disconnecting from this election completely. With much of the story set in the United States, my characters would surely feel the impact of this election despite being magical beings.
Of course, I could set my fantasy world in some alternate reality where this election, with all of its partisan glory, never happened. I could set the world up to ignore non-magical (or “real world”) politics completely. But I can’t help but feel that that would be doing a disservice to what has happened, is currently happening, and will soon happen in the United States. It’s not how I have thus far dealt with real politics in the story, and changing that now would feel disingenuous at best.
So now I will begin the process of reworking the story in a way that I didn’t expect at the start of this process. Truth be told, even during the election I wasn’t thinking much about the impact it would have on The Society. (To be fair, I was a bit more preoccupied with its effect on the real world.) I was really only struck by it today. I’m not sure, exactly, what the ultimate influence it will exert on the story will be. Only time will tell.
And that may be quite a bit of time. While I have had this realization and know it will have an affect on the story, I don’t think I’m at the point where I can begin working on The Society again. That time will come, hopefully not in the distant future, but I cannot say when that will be. We shall see.
Shakespeare’s Fairies as a Force of Nature
August 2, 2016 ~ hmweasley ~ Leave a comment
This is the final paper from my senior portfolio that I have to post. This was my capstone essay. It was originally written for my Shakespeare class, and I turned it into an entirely different paper for the portfolio.
Honestly, more stress went into this than anything else I’ve ever written, and I still want to go back and edit it even more. I haven’t thought, so this is still the way the essay was in the portfolio.
The word “fairy” calls a specific image to mind for many people. The idea of little, winged people, more often female than male, is a common part of our folklore. They typically sparkle, and while they may have an attitude, they are more good humored than vicious. Fairies are not as prevalent in our literature today as, say, vampires, but they are nonetheless figures that are still very much in society’s communal awareness. There are certain aspects of fairies that we take for granted, but those ideas had to come from somewhere. If someone were asked of their origin, they would point to a time long ago. Fairy mythology feels almost ancient to many people. Surely, fairies have been around since the most prevalent of our fairy tales were first composed, at least. The fairies we have today are a result of the continual development of an idea that has changed over the centuries that it has been continually evoked. Shakespeare himself is credited with fleshing out the modern fairy when he took away the fear that had always been associated with the creatures before (Lewis 253), and his portrayal of them in A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a huge source for the present understanding of what creature the term “fairy” is describing. Shakespeare’s portrayal of fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream is strongly influenced by the fairies that existed within British mythology before his own time, especially the agrarian fairies of the countryside who were strongly connected to nature. Because of this strong connection between Shakespeare’s fairies and nature, the actions of the fairies within the play can be viewed as nothing more than an extension of the natural forces of the world that are always influencing the human characters of the play without their knowledge.
Surprisingly, whether or not the people of Shakespeare’s time believed in fairies cannot be said for sure. Individual beliefs, it turns out, are not the most concrete idea to pin down. Richard Strier states that “Fairies were notably out of date as objects of belief” during Shakespeare’s time (176). He backs up his claim by acknowledging King James VI who, in 1597, mocked the idea of a fairy king and queen in his writing, and there are other instances of writers of the time period expressing skepticism towards fairies (Strier 176). This points towards the fact that at least some of the well educated writers of the day thought any belief in fairies was ridiculous. Presumably, a belief in witches was still going strong during that same time period, but fairies were far less believable among at least some of the population (Strier 176-7).
However, Emma Wilby claims that fairies were creatures that many people really did believe in during Shakespeare’s time (288). Those two different views are not compatible with each other, but luckily, whether or not everyone believed in fairies is not the important part of what Shakespeare did with them in his play. It is near impossible for every single member of any large population to believe or not believe the exact same thing. It seems logical that there would have been those who both believed and did not believe in fairies during Shakespeare’s time. A person’s level of education, for instance, could have been just one factor that determined what superstitions, if any, people accepted as true. Whichever belief was more prevalent is not the real issue of importance. Even today, one can find people who believe in fairies. Beliefs are almost always diverse among a country’s population.
What is important is the lore surrounding fairies that England had built up over the years. This lore existed whether or not people believed it to be true. It exerted an influence on their perception of the world and what exactly fairies were. Just as we have a mythology handed down to us today from those who came before us, the stories that came before Shakespeare’s time influenced the cultural and mythological atmosphere that Shakespeare was writing in. Shakespeare’s fairies have become influential in our day, but they could not exist without drawing on previous traditions. They are a continuation of the fairies that came before them, and the continual morphing of what characteristics make up a fairy is something that will continue to happen in the future. Shakespeare’s fairies are one part of that continued tradition of building upon the old. They have value within the play, but they also have value outside of it because of their contributions to a collective mythology. Most people today would not express a true belief in fairies, but they can still provide you with a description of one. They have almost certainly encountered fairies in fiction. Fairies are still a valuable aspect of our collective mythology. This is shown through their continued presence in literature, films, and other works. People in Shakespeare’s time had certain expectations about fairies whenever they read or talked about them. In the same way that we have an idea of what to expect if we go to watch a vampire movie in the theater, the people of Shakespeare’s times had certain beliefs about what was and was not a fairy as well as what was expected of those fairies. These commonly held beliefs were handed down and are present in the stories of the day for entertainment’s sake, if nothing else.
Shakespeare’s fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream move away from some of those commonly held beliefs. Shakespeare played with the idea of fairies and broke out of the mold to create new kinds of fairies that would go on to become part of our own mythology today. This is a mythology that people who both do and do not believe in it continue to participate in just as they did during Shakespeare’s time. Whatever was believed to be true, Shakespeare decided to write an entire play that places fairies in an important role. At the same time, he took the creative license to break out of the expectations that tradition placed on him. As Ronald Miller suggests, the fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are “obviously the most striking feature of the comedy” because of the “indefiniteness” that they emphasize within the play (254). Without the fairies, A Midsummer Night’s Dream’s primary story is about the romantic struggles of four teenagers. The fairies’ presence and their manipulation of the human teenagers creates questions about what romantic feelings those teenagers actually have and what is being forced on them by the fairies. Suddenly, who is in love with who is not as straightforward and how much control an individual has over their emotions becomes a larger question within the play. That ambiguity is nonexistent without the fairies’ interference. Perhaps because his fairies create alluring questions about life, Shakespeare’s version of the fairy world has continued to play a prevalent role in the modern perception of fairies. His version of the creatures stuck with people and took up residence in their minds until they were as important to the collective idea of fairies as any stories about fairies that came before them or possibly even more so.
Before A Midsummer Night’s Dream, fairies were different from the tiny, sparkling, and cheerful creatures we think of today. Fairies were seen as “more destructive than mortals” and creatures one never wants to come across because of the potential danger they posed (Lewis 253). They were not creatures you put into cute stories for little kids, and they were not something little kids asked to dress up as for Halloween. These fairies were not ones you associated with anything fun or joyful. They were creatures that perhaps would have fit better in creepy campfire stories. Meeting a fairy was almost a guarantee of danger, so one was far better off avoiding it. It was believed at the time that fairies “parasitized human households to gain bath water and food, and punished householders who did not maintain impeccable standards of hygiene” (Swann 451). These fairies were associated with the countryside and the domestic. They would have been out of place in a city.
There was another sort of fairy that was closely connected to court (Swann 451). These fairies had a monarchy and were more refined. They looked much different than their agrarian counterparts because of their social hierarchy. These latter fairies call to mind the monarchy present in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In a way, Shakespeare is bringing together both of these types of fairies. Most of the fairies’ scenes take place within a pastoral setting, but they are refined with a clearly organized hierarchy among them as well.
Of course, the depictions of fairy royalty that can be found are quite different from the agrarian fairy beliefs also prevalent in England before Shakespeare’s time. Much like the common people and the aristocracy of England, there seems to have been two different classes of fairy in mythology (Swann 450-1). In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the fairies have a monarchy that is refined, but Puck, who was widely known in earlier mythology for his less than refined ways, is also present. In this way, the two versions of fairies seem to blend together into one. Fairies having their own king and queen sets them apart from the human world that operates under a different ruler. In an absolute monarchy, a king or queen is the ultimate authority. There is no one above them except perhaps God depending on the religious beliefs of those being ruled. Having their own rulers signals that the fairies are under an entirely different system of rules and laws. They do not subscribe to those of the humans.
Even with this connection to the past, Shakespeare’s fairies are disconnected from the older courtly fairies because of their stronger connection to the capitalist culture of Shakespeare’s day (Swann 451). The population Shakespeare’s time was becoming more urbanized, and along with that, visions of court and city life were changing from what they had been in the past. The Indian child that Oberon and Titania argue over is a key sign of this new capitalist type of fairy that Shakespeare is creating within the play. The child’s connection to India calls to mind the fact that the country was of huge interest for England because of trade (Swann 455), and later, India was to become a colony of England. Capitalism led to turmoil in India, and that led to the boy becoming an orphan. When Titania talks about the boy, she laments his mother’s death and claims to “rear” the boy “for her sake” (2.1.136-7). Her motivations do not appear to come out of any materialism but instead a care for a friend. This keeps Titania connected to the more agrarian fairies as her motivations here are not directly tied to materialism. At the same time, it ties in the story of the fairies with the newer system and places them into a new society that Titania cannot fully escape. She references traders when she speaks and acknowledges that her friend would “fetch me trifles” (2.1.133). The use of “trifles” indicates that the items Titania was receiving were largely worthless, but she gathered them anyway. That sort of mindset connects her to a modern materialism that came along with the rise of capitalism.
Shakespeare’s Titania and Oberon are different that previous English fairies in that they are more commercialized and more materialistic than those before them (Swann 455). Titania and Oberon are both concerned with having the Indian boy, whose status as a symbol of trade with India hints at a larger sense of materialism. For better or worse, these characteristics modernize them by connecting them to the values that would have been held by theater goers in Shakespeare’s day. Even living outside of human society, these fairies have become connected with the new economic reality that the people of Shakespeare’s time were also facing. The king’s and queen’s treatment of “a lovely boy stol’n from an Indian king” is key here (2.1.18-22). Titania’s words about the boy invoke a rejection of the new mercantilism that was spreading during Shakespeare’s day while Oberon’s view of the boy can be read as an embracement of it (Swann 455). Titania mourns the loss of a dear friend that came from the greed of the system, but Oberon is entering into the cycle of demanding new things even though he admits that he does not know what use the boy would have. He wants him for little more than being greedy and wanting what his wife has. His claims of wanting a “henchman” certainly sound colder than Titania’s motherly view of the boy (2.1.490).
Oberon’s incessant need to take the boy from Titania comes across as a stronger embrace for capitalism than Titania shows, and that brings the fairies even further away from their agrarian roots.Oberon is looking to take the boy from Titania as if he were property and little more. Despite Titania voicing her emotional connection to the boy’s mother, Oberon says that he will “torment thee for this injury” (2.1.147). He is so greedy that he would would hurt Titania for choosing to keep a boy that is rightfully hers and that he does not truly care about. Oberon and Titania’s power struggle here is a struggle between both the sexes and the different ways of thinking. Titania is viewing the boy in human terms because of her experience with his mother while Oberon views the boy as property and wants him as a type of wealth. Through this, the fairies are almost modernized and placed in a new setting. These fairies are not in a situation that their ancestors would have found themselves in.
Their views of the boy provide their opposition towards each other for the length of the play without the boy ever being present on stage. The boy himself is not what is truly important here in the context of the plot. What he shows the audience about the fairies seems to be his only purpose. He provides a catalyst for Oberon and Titania’s argument, and that argument becomes an argument between new and old. In a way, this argument is about a new and an old economic system, but it can also be read as an argument between the old fairies of mythology and the new ones of mythology. The fairies of the past had never had to enter into a wider world or economy as Titania and Oberon do by engaging with the Indian boy. By doing this, Shakespeare’s king and queen are connected both to their rural roots and to the new world Shakespeare was bringing them into.
Before A Midsummer Night’s Dream, it was common for the fairy queen to be connected to the Greek goddess Diana, and Titania was actually the name the writer Ovid had used for Diana before Shakespeare (Staton 166). Through the use of the name Titania alone, Shakespeare’s fairies retain a connection to both British and Greek mythological traditions.
Some contend that the current perception of Shakespeare’s fairies comes from the way that later productions of A Midsummer Night’s Dream were performed and not from Shakespeare’s own intentions while writing the play (Lewis 253). One example of where this is possible is the moment when Oberon instructs Puck to enchant Demetrius to love Helena (2.1.638-645). A production that played Oberon as more concerned with enchanting these humans for a cruel sport than any sort of compassion towards their struggle would certainly align closer to older fairy mythology (Lewis 253). As it is often portrayed today, the fairies are largely seen as harmless in their interference, which can more easily invoke the brighter view of fairies that we possess today. Cruelty was something that marked fairies as fairies, and a darker Oberon would have harkened back to that much more strongly than one showing any sort of concern for humans.
Whichever way Shakespeare actually intended for the fairies to be portrayed, today they are almost exclusively presented in a more positive light in A Midsummer Night’s Dream than in some older fairy myths. That is the interpretation of the majority of the public. If Shakespeare had intended for them to be darker characters, that has not translated to most modern audiences. However, it is worth noting that this could at least partially be because audiences today bring in their preconceived notions of playful but harmless fairies before they have even encountered Shakespeare’s fairies.
The way fairies came to be characterized after their appearance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream was remarkably different than they had been before. Puck, perhaps Shakespeare’s most memorable fairy in the play, is a great example of this. He alone underwent a huge change in Shakespeare from how he had been presented in older mythology. Herrington refers to Shakespeare as “refining” Robin Goodfellow especially, although his portrayals of all the fairies could really be see as a refinement as well (450). They are a more civilized sort than were found in the older agrarian stories. All of Shakespeare’s fairies answer to a king or queen, just one example of this refinement. Shakespeare’s fairies cannot really be labeled as scary or threatening. They interfere with the humans in the play, and their actions definitely have large consequences. At the same time, no one ever comes to true harm, and the fairies never give any indication of being so much as tempted to take it that far. In fact, many of their actions in the play revolve around setting the situation right after Puck makes his mistake. Such actions show the fairies as caring about the well-being of the humans in some capacity and portray a lack of true maliciousness.
The human characters also never know of the fairies’ presence, so they are not given a chance to show the fear that any fairies might have inspired in them. Bottom is the only exception to this as the one human who sees the fairies over the course of the play. But he does not show any indication of fear when he does so. When Titania introduces herself, Bottom appears to have no awareness of who she is (3.1.126-30), and when introduced to some of the other fairies, all he says are things like, “I cry your worship’s mercy, heartily: I beseech your worship’s name” while calling them “honest gentleman” and “Master” (3.1.161-2, 164, 166). If one only knew of the fairy stories that came before Shakespeare, fear at coming face to face with some would be logical. Although Bottom comes across as oblivious to the fact that he is even speaking to fairies, that still shows a lack of an innate fear set off by the fairies’ presence. They were certainly creatures you wanted to stay away from as they had the potential to turn against humans and do harm. Ultimately, the fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream come across as mostly harmless and do not seem to inspire a large level of fear in Bottom, at least.
The fairy Puck speaks to at the beginning of the scene accuses Puck of messing around with various humans (2.1.32-42). Puck then confirms all of this himself by recounting even more things he has done (2.1.42-58). This conversation refers to the stories of Pucks told in Shakespeare’s time. It is the sort of behavior people expected from such a character and is one instance of Shakespeare using existing ideas of fairies within the play.
Puck may enjoy messing with the humans, but he does not sound much like the hobgoblin species of fairy that was ubiquitous in previous mythology. Shakespeare’s Puck comes from a particular race of fairies called hobgoblins, of which the mischievous Robin Goodfellow was one, but Shakespeare took the entire hobgoblin race and made them into the character of Puck (Schleiner 65). Creatures with “goblin” in their name sound much scarier to us than our perception of fairies. It may be difficult to picture them as similar creatures unless you keep the older depictions of fairies in mind. Our modern versions of goblins certainly sound a lot more like the fear-inducing creatures that hint at some past depictions of fairies.
In contrast to the term “Puck,” Robin Goodfellow, another name Puck uses in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, was a specific fairy’s name in older stories, and one that was already believed to be a puck in Shakespeare’s day (Folk-Lore 149). With the character of Puck, Shakespeare is morphing fairy mythology by condensing a whole group of fairies into an individual fairy. The Robin Goodfellow of previous mythology has become the sole member of what had previously been an entire race, and he is not quite as concerned with harming humans as his past incarnations.
In traditional lore, Puck was “rude and hairy” and different than the “smooth and courtly Puck” that is described in the play (Lamb 302). The old Robin Goodfellow would do household chores for people in the countryside as long as they fed him bread and milk as payment, but if they did not fulfill that requirement, he would turn vicious (Wilby 297). Puck in Shakespeare’s play serves a king that he is obedient to and calls “my lord” (2.1.268). He is not a rogue figure going around creating mischief of his own volition. Despite interfering with humans and referring to the “bickering” it causes as “a sport” (3.2.354), Shakespeare’s Puck is a more dignified figure than the Puck of earlier mythology. He lacks a certain wildness that was an inherent characteristic of his earlier incarnation. This is shown best in the way he obeys his king and does what he is told. By doing so, Puck fits himself into some an organized social hierarchy, and being an obedient servant to another takes away some of the wildness that Puck had previously possessed.
Puck is instead a “light and delicate” figure that conjures an entirely different image than the hobgoblins or pucks of the past (Herrington 450). The new Puck is not wild. He obeys a king and says things like, “Fear not, my lord. Your servant shall do so” (2.1.268). That is a far cry from earlier incarnations of Robin Goodfellow. The image of Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream is now far more well known than many of the stories that predate it. Shakespeare’s play could almost be seen as creating an entirely new popular culture surrounding fairies (Lamb 279). This new Puck was at the center of a new culture that replaced the old Puck. After Shakespeare, “puck” took on a new meaning.
The fairies are well established as an integral part of the play when Titania declares they will be there “till after Theseus’ wedding day” (2.1.139). Titania’s words connect Theseus’s wedding with the fairies’ presence. Now the audience know that the fairies will be there at least until the wedding, which Theseus’s opening lines of the play have informed the audience is in “Four happy days” (1.1.2). Their effect on the plot remains to be seen, but this is a good indicator that their actions are going to be one of the big factors continually driving the story forward.
The fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream exert their biggest influence on the story by becoming tied up in the emotions, namely love, of the human characters. There are a number of ways to create mischief or play with humans, but the fairies choose one of the most manipulative. They do not just interfere with the humans externally; they change their inner most feelings. That is not to say the fairies’ actions are coming from a cruel place; Oberon refers to the love of humans having been a “sport” to him in the past (3.2.390), but he also orders Puck to “take from thence all error” of what they have done (3.2.369). They seem, ultimately, to want to accomplish good, but the invasive methods they use to accomplish that good raises many of the questions that make the play so intriguing.
While the fairies never appear to be outright cruel, having your actions taken away from you is perhaps one of the scariest things that can happen. This is not of much importance to the humans in the play as they are never aware that their feelings have even been tampered with, although the women do suspect that something more is going on. At first, Helena is suspicious that Demetrius’s actions come from a joke that Hermia has encouraged him to perform (3.2.223-4), but the women seem more concerned with accusing each other and the men for what is happening than looking for a magical source. As an outsider who watches it unfold, however, the audience is privy to more information. They get to see the humans’ free will being taken away by the fairies. The humans are no longer entirely in charge of their emotions. Demetrius and Lysander proceed to express such strong feelings of love that perhaps this is a case of them getting closer to nature. Shakespeare’s fairies certainly continue to be associated with the natural, even as Shakespeare recreates them from older ideas of agrarian fairies. None of their magic ever happens in a town or city except for their blessing of the marriages at the end of the play at Theseus’s palace (5.2), which could also be seen as them moving into a more urban area away from their agrarian roots. That alone manages to retain some of the agrarian associations fairies possessed. The most primal expressions of human emotion could also be connected to nature, and this is perhaps why the fairies enjoy this particular form of playing with the humans’ lives. In this interpretation, the humans’ emotions are being manipulated by nature itself. Nature has just taken on the form of fairies.
If nature and fairies are taken as being synonymous within the play, then is it really a problem that the fairies have decided to manipulate humans? Any manipulation on the fairies’ part would be entirely natural. The way the fairies seamlessly stay out of the human teenagers’ awareness over the course of the play means they can easily be viewed as a force of nature in the teenagers’ lives like any other force of nature, whether external or internal, that may have otherwise influenced their emotions. At the end of the play, the teenagers are “full of joy and mirth” (4.2.27). The fairies have righted the situation in the sense, and any love felt by the teenagers is just as natural as anything that would have occurred without the interference of the fairies.
A significant portion of Act II scene one, the first scene in which the fairies appear, is Titania and Oberon, a married couple, fighting. Their marriage is not ideal, and neither one of them appears to be much in love with the other. They are dramatic in their arguing, and that carries over to how they treat the humans. Oberon and Puck decide to start messing around with the humans’ emotions, and while Oberon is motivated to helping them, Puck appears to feel at least some amusement over his own mistake when he says, “Shall we their fond pageant see? / Lord, what fools these mortals be!” (3.2.114-5).
For the human characters of the play, the events they are experiencing are nothing more than nature and their natural emotions. They have no way of knowing that they are being outwardly manipulated. By keeping the fairies as largely separate from the humans, Shakespeare keeps the human world operating as it normally does in the eyes of the characters. Despite comments on the oddness of Demetrius’s and Lysander’s behavior, there is nothing that points towards outward manipulation in the eyes of the humans. Sometimes emotions are strange, and humans do strange things in response to their emotions. Lysander and Demetrius are outside the realm of what is considered logical, but the other characters have no choice but to rationalize what is happening as something that is happening inside of the young men. Helena accuses the others of setting her up on their own without any outward manipulation when she says, “I see you all are bent / To set against me for your merriment” (3.2.146-7).
The fairies here are acting as an agent of nature, at least in the sense that the humans are acknowledging nature as the cause. Only the audience is aware of the full extent of the fairies’ interference. Only they know that any magic has happened at all. Even so, the way the fairies are constantly associated with nature means that they are still capable of being seen as agents of nature instead of magical beings with personal agendas. If the scenes with the fairies were taken out of the play, there would still be a storyline there, but the reasoning behind the characters’ actions would be justified in the same way that they justify the behaviors to themselves in the play. The fairies add another layer to the play, but part of their wonder is that they stay mysterious. Their presence remains ambiguous throughout the play. They are just there out of sight, manipulating things but never revealing themselves.
The four human teenagers are caught up in a confusing situation where everyone loves different people. This is complicated before the fairies become involved, but their situation become even more dramatic upon the entrance of the love potion that Puck has been instructed to put onto the eyes of one of the human boys (2.1.637-46). What was meant to right things instead makes them worse when Puck enchants the wrong boy (2.2.728). After the love potion, the human teenagers do not honestly act much different from how they had been before except Lysander’s affection has shifted to Helena instead of Hermia. However, this change in his feelings prompts confusion which the fairies are entirely responsible for, and this was the sort of behavior that people in the audience of the time would have recognized as typical mischief that fairies caused. In that way, Shakespeare’s fairies were typical of the time. Puck himself can be described as a “prankster” (Miller 254).
Shakespeare’s fairies stay removed from the humans and in their own world even as they interfere with the humans’ lives, but the separation goes further than that in the way that any interaction between fairies and humans is almost nonexistent in the play. Even as they occupy the same space over the course of the play, the fairies choose not to engage with the majority of the humans. Bottom is the only human to interact with the fairies, and afterwards, he chooses not to share his experience because “The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, man’s hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive, hot is heart to report what my dream was” (4.2.204-7). To the other characters, fairies remain figures of myth, not fact. They have been given no evidence of the fairies’ existence except Bottom’s experience, which he does not share. It gives the play a sense of ambiguousness over whether or not the fairies shown exist or if they are imagined. The separate world the fairies occupy could almost be a dream world, not the real one of the humans. It almost mirrors the way fairies could have been thought of in England at the time. Are they there or not? Is their world so estranged from the human world that it is actually nonexistent? There are no clear answers, but the fairies’ connection to nature seems to make them a natural force that is always acting out of sight of humans, not just in the events of the play.
The fairies present in A Midsummer Night’s Dream build upon older fairy traditions to create a new sort of fairy that has continued to influence our mythology today. With his fairies, Shakespeare creates a race of magical beings closely tied to nature just like the agrarian fairies that had come before them. This connection to the pastoral countryside creates fairies that are strongly connected to nature. In fact, Shakespeare’s fairies can be read as an extension of nature as much as they can magical beings acting out of their own autonomy. While the fairies do manipulate the lives of the human characters in the play, they so in a way that keeps them outside of what is happening, and none of the humans learn of how their emotions have been manipulated. Because of this, the fairies actions have no stronger outcome than any other force of nature would have over the characters’ lives, and the emotions the characters experience over the course of the play are as natural as if the fairies had not interfered at all.
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Viewing Writing as Art
I’m continuing to post papers that I included in my senior portfolio. This paper was written over the course of a year. Kind of. Brainstorming the paper took place over one semester, and writing the paper took another semester. It was for Responding to Student Writing, a class for English education double majors.
Walking into each new English classroom throughout my secondary school career meant a new teacher but little else. How we were given writing assignments was formulaic and predictable to us at the start of each school year. There was always the persuasive paper, the narrative, and the research paper which was sure to be the final paper of the year. That was the one all of us dreaded right through to the end. The fact that the research paper filled most of us with complete dread may have been a bit of a worry since a Stanford study found that research papers are one of the types of writing most commonly done by college students (Addison 156). The build up to something terrifying that I experienced in middle and high school classrooms was not the best way to think about those types of papers.
While I can recall doing some creative writing in fourth grade and one piece of creative writing in eighth grade, that is it. The only piece of writing I did that broke away from the essay mold in high school was one haiku that we wrote over one night sophomore year. Over the years, I came to associate school writing with formulaic writing where we followed sets of rules in order to achieve the grade we wanted. They were tedious papers that no one would choose to write in their free time, but getting through them was a right of passage for moving on the the next grade and graduating. They served no other purpose to us.
I was lucky in that I managed to retain an enjoyment of writing that I watched so many of my classmates lose. Even I did not entirely escape the feeling. As much as I enjoyed certain aspects of writing, motivating myself to write a lot of the papers we did was hard because they felt pointless in the grand scheme of things. I was not alone. Joanne Addison and Sharon James McGee found that almost half of high school students reported enjoying writing for their personal enjoyment even though they disliked school writing assignments (166). As the years went on, it felt like more and more of my classmates were writing to fit the rubric of a particular assignment more than to say anything worth saying. Even I failed to think about most of my papers as anything more than a means to get a grade.
The largest contributing factor to my continued enjoyment of writing that I can see is the fact that I was continuously writing outside of class. This was creative writing with no stakes other than pleasing myself. It allowed me to see some of the potential writing had outside of the classroom, and not many of my classmates got that viewpoint too. Despite the seemingly uncreative writing we were doing in class, I never lost the mindset that any type of writing relies heavily on creativity. That idea helped spur my thinking about how teaching writing would be different if students and teachers both looked at the writing done in class through the lens of creativity and the artistry that goes into the process.
W.E. Coles, Jr. said it well when he wrote, “The teaching of writing as writing is the teaching of writing as art” (111). Sometimes it is easy for students and even teachers to lose sight of that fact. Eventually, students stop seeing their writing assignments as art and only see them as assignments. If students saw their writing assignments as art, would they be more engaged? If students could draw comparisons between the writing process and the process a visual artist might go through to get a finished product, would it have an effect on their writing? If teachers were cognizant while responding to student writing of the fact that, on some level, a student’s paper is a creative work, would that have an effect on how they viewed the student’s efforts?
There may be limitations to this if a writing teacher does not have a teacher of another subject with whom to collaborate, but that does not mean that the writing teacher cannot pull in other subjects to the writing classroom on their own. Art, for instance, is a subject already closely connected to writing and can have an important place in the writing classroom.
One of the biggest roadblocks towards seeing academic writing as creative is the fact that almost all of the writing upper level students do in the classroom is nonfiction. Students reach a certain level in school where they are no longer given creative writing assignments, and a divide is created in their mind between creative writing and academic writing. One has creative in its name and leads to the literature they also read in class, but it is not what is expected of them in school. In their minds, they are only expected to do the “uncreative” writing in class. This writing relies on dry facts that apparently has no use for the creative.
While it is also important for students to realize that any sort of writing stems from creativity in some way, there is no doubt that the actual form of creative writing is typically overlooked in classrooms. Teachers, understandably, see other forms of writing as more important for the students to learn. While few people would contest students needing to learn academic writing, it can be a shame that students do not get more experience with creative writing while in school.
Patrick Bizzaro writes about poets, dramatists, etc. resisting creative writing becoming established in academics because they see it as “an evil to be avoided” (295), and maybe that is why creative writing is rarely focused on or maybe it is not. However, this means that many creative writers lack any formal training in their field (Bizzaro 295). Giving students some sort of exposure to creative writing in their English classes could be helpful. After all, the literature they are reading is most likely going to be literature that came out of creative writing.
Douglas Hesse calls for more emphasis on creative writing in composition studies and calls to mind the “commonalities” that all writing shares (49). This may be an idea that never even occurs to students, and being able to show students that all forms of writing are writing and therefore creative, could be helpful in changing students’ views as to the purpose of all of the writing they do in class. Just opening up a dialogue about creative writing could help students jumpstart their creativity. After all, as Jean-Pierre Changeux has hypothesized humans may have a predisposition for art (199). Francis L. Fennell also wrote that seeing “writing as an art should encourage us” because viewing writing as an art proves that it can be taught unlike what some believe (177). This is an important view for writing teachers since the idea that writing skills are innate and unteachable would present quite a problem for writing classes.
Joanne Addison and Sharon James McGee have written that there is “a declining state of literacy among high school and college students” (147). This fact is rather alarming, especially when most people today think of literacy as being better than it has ever been. If there is better access to information than ever before, then how can literacy be declining? Addison and McGee were two people who wondered that as well and studied trends in writing discussion in order to find a cause. What they found was not that writing teachers are terrible at their jobs. However, “writing in the disciplines and beyond the academy” has become more important for developing students’ writing skills (169), and these are factors that are not necessarily under the control of the writing teacher. They come to several recommendations in their article, and one of those is an interdisciplinary focus on writing that helps incorporate other fields of study (170). Such a focus would help give students a deeper understanding of the importance of writing to them.
A view of writing as art indicates how neuroscience can be incorporated into the writing classroom. The study of neuroscience has spawned a lot of research in recent years on the most effective ways of learning, and much of this research has focused on the role of creativity in learning.
In “Art and Neuroscience”, Jean-Pierre Changeux wrote that humans are predisposed to art (199). Brains did not change in order to accommodate art, but art instead comes naturally to humans (199). This implies that art is something that can come naturally to people at least to a certain extent. In fact, creativity may be connected to physical health. John Mirowsky and Catherine E. Ross wrote about the idea that “the creativity of one’s work or activities may be as important to health as the autonomy of it, and perhaps even more important” (385). The basis of their idea is that performing work that allows someone to be creative can be more beneficial than that person performing work that they are fully in charge of (386). They also mention, however, that some autonomy is necessary for something to be creative, which makes the two go hand-in-hand and is important to keep in mind in a classroom (386).
Researchers at the University of Greifswald conducted experiments that showed increased brain activity when participants used creativity while writing instead of just copying down what they were told (Zimmer). This increased brain activity is important for anyone who hopes to retain information and not just lose it after the next paper is completed or next test is taken. This research shows that the more creativity students use on any given writing assignment, the more they will be using their brain’s capabilities. The less creativity their writing assignments take, the more they can make it through an assignment without really working their brain. This is why art and creativity in the classroom has become an important topic among neuroscientists and teachers who want to use neuroscience techniques.
Presenting Writing as Art to Students
Students are used to thinking about their writing assignments as almost mechanical instead of creative. Even narrative pieces are sometimes presented to students in a way where they see them as essays, not stories, and students may be prone to thinking of essays as inherently uncreative while stories and fiction, which many students may mistake as the same thing, as being the only types of writing that can be creative. Getting students to realize that any form of writing requires creativity on their part is the first step towards them viewing their work as a type of art.
This can be something teachers suffer from as well. So much of the writing students do is laid out for both students and teachers. Students are given a formula for writing their papers that they are expected to stick to. Everyone knows about the five paragraph essay and what each paragraph is supposed to include. At times it can make papers feel more like plugging the missing information into a set formula than creating anything that could be deemed creative.
Students are often give the false notion that academic writing is almost inherently uncreative. They see it as a form where less exploration is available to them instead of one where they can explore with different ways to get their argument across. Something needs to happen to awaken students’ awareness that academic writing has it’s own sense of creativity just like creative writing. The similarities between the types of writing need to be emphasized in ways that will benefit students. After all, many students are likely to respond when they are consciously being creative than when they are writing to be as standardized as possible, which is how many students appear to view academic writing.
Students need an expanded view of their academic writing beyond the narrow one many of them have developed. They can be creative while still following certain standards. Correctness in grammar and mechanics should not impede creativity. It should be a way to express creativity. Too often students see grammar and mechanics as limiting when that is not how they should be viewed at all. Shifting their focus will give them a new outlook. Getting students writing at least partially for themselves is the only way to create new writers instead of people who only write when it is a necessity for school or work, although those are also important functions of writing. It has been found that “two-thirds of salaried employees in large American companies” have responsibilities that involve writing (Addison 151). Preparing students for those responsibilities is also incredibly important, since not having the appropriate level of writing skills can prevent promotions and about three billion dollars a year is spent trying to teach employees to write (Addison 151), but so is their own engagement is what they are being asked to write.
There are reasons why concepts such as the five paragraph essay become such a huge deal in the classroom. Students need to learn different types of writing, and having a structured idea of what they need to accomplish in a paper provides a starting point for that. Having a very structured starting point for creating a paper is what many beginning writers need. However, students need to eventually feel like they have complete control over what they are writing if they are going to grow as writers. They have to feel like they have agency over the contents of their papers, or they’re never going to be able to do much writing outside of heavily structured classroom papers. In other words, they need to be taught how to write more like how they would be taught art in an art classroom.
After all, there was a time when the arts were not separated into different fields like they are today. They were “integrated with each other and life” and had a “wholeness and interfunctionality” (Anderson 10). Keeping the idea that the different art fields all have much in common can change how the teaching of them all is viewed. Anderson is not alone either in thinking about what the modern separation of the arts into fields means. Irwin and Reynolds wrote about teaching while “making connections between and among the visual arts and other subject areas” (13). While this is different than just viewing writing as a type of art, it does help shed light on how connected different disciplines can be, especially when each discipline centers around a form of art.
There are certain things an artist has to do in order to wind up with a completed painting, but most art students know that they have creative control over what exactly that finished painting looks like. Writing students need that same sort of mindset towards their papers. There are certain rules that need to be followed to achieve the intended type of paper, but they are the ones who have control over what and how that paper accomplishes what it needs to accomplish. In the end, it is their paper, not the teacher, and that may be something both students and teachers forget without realizing it.
Many students would not think to make a connection between the writing they are doing in class and art. Some of them may not think of any sort of writing as art because they have never really heard the term “art” used when discussing writing. Denise Cassano had her students analyze a painting in order to hone their creative writing skills. Just doing that and connecting it to a piece of literature is a good start for getting your students thinking about possible connections between writing and visual art.
If teachers keep in mind that each student paper is a work of art created by that student, they will be better able to keep that in mind. That is not to say that student papers are going to be masterpieces that are too perfect to be critiqued. No one would ever believe that. Few art students are creating pieces that are worthy of being hung in the Louvre. Still, having that sort of mindset can help give a bit more control over to the student. When a paper is looked at as art, it is more likely to also be looked at as a way to express oneself. Students do not always think of their academic papers the same way. They are not doing it for expression. They’re doing it for a grade. A student does not typically choose a topic they are very passionate about, or if they do, it is because it happens to go along with the assignment, not because they had a particular desire to write about it. They are more concerned with writing what they think should go into a paper and nothing more, which is a mindset that can make any paper dull. Instead, if students look at a paper as art, they may focus more on the ability to explore that writing gives them and write about their topics in a more engaged way that focuses on expressing their own thoughts on the subject.
A student will get far more out of a paper that they feel is their own and something that they have worked hard to create than one that was formulaic and created only for a teacher. Students who know how to write papers only under incredibly strict guidelines will only be able to go so far with writing once they are out of high school. Teachers give students assignments in the hope that one day students will be able to write on their own without any sort of assignment. There will not be a rubric for the writing students do after college. There may not even be a strict form that they must follow. It will all be on them to determine what the paper needs and how to do that.
How does this tie in with viewing student writing as art? I think art students always have a sense of ownership over their artwork that not all writing students experience. Art done by students may be hung up for others to admire while the only people who are likely to see a student’s paper are the student and people who will critique it. This alone could create a sense of the writing not being all that important in the grand scheme of things. The art students create may be worthy of admiration even if it is not a masterpiece, but the writing is not.
Going even further than that, art students make a number of artistic decisions that come purely from the knowledge that they need to make a piece the best it can possibly be. Writing students, on the other hand, are more concerned with meeting the requirements for a paper than making decisions that will lead to the best paper possible. Toby Fulwiler writes about how teaching writing is synonymous with teaching a liberal art and reminds readers that “learning to write is the most direct way of learning to reflect” (9-10). Learning how to write thrives on “critical and creative engagement” which will only be achieved by students who feel that they can exercise control over their papers and make them their own (Fulwiler 10). Students who feel their writing lacks creativity, are going to be disengaged and internalize less about writing.
Imagine an art classroom where students are given a rubric for a painting they are meant to paint. This rubric turns the painting into little more than a paint-by-numbers. The student is not going to feel like their work is actually theirs when all they have done is fill in the correct colors wherever they were told to. As the Center for Best Practices in Early Childhood lays out, “Children do not need preprinted pictures to trace and color” (“Relationship”). Allowing them to create their own art is much more valuable. In order for the painting to be worth anything to them, both personally and educationally, they have to decide what colors go where for themselves. A certain amount of guidance is also necessary, but they have to learn what leads to a great painting by experimenting with the process themselves.
Paint-by-numbers assignments are not going to be enough to encourage art students to be artists. They may be useful as some sort of start, but eventually the lack of creativity will just make them tedious and nothing more worthwhile. Writing will be the same way for students. Students have to use their creativity or they will not be writers, not in the classroom and certainly not out of it.
Methods for Teaching Writing as Art
Neuroscience is getting a lot of attention in the education community lately because understanding how the brain works is sure to lead to the development of education techniques that are effective. Those well-versed in neuroscience are very aware of how ineffective a paint-by-numbers assignment would be. Creativity happens to be a big deal in neuroscience, and writing teachers are in a prime position to capitalize on it. When students are creative, their brains are going through a “dynamic interplay of these large-scale networks” (Kauffman). This means that students are using more parts of their brain and that these parts are interacting with each other, not working alone. Even someone who is not a neuroscientist can guess that getting students to use as much of their brain as possible is a good thing. An emphasis on the creativity of writing is a surefire way to do this.
To emphasize how important it is to stimulate a student’s creativity in their writing, consider a study done by the University of Greifswald. This study aimed to measure the brain activity of writers both when just copying text and while writing creatively. Not only did they measure more brain activity during creative writing than during copying, but more areas of the brain were involved as well (Zimmer). Hopefully, your students will always be doing more than just copying texts, but if writing assignments are not emphasizing creativity as much as they can, then students still are not using as much of their brain as they can, and by extension, are not making as many connections as is possible for them.
That being said, repetition is also important according to neuroscience. Once information is in the brain, it “needs to be activated multiple times” in order to “increase its durability” (Willis). This concept helps support the practice of having students write the same sorts of papers throughout the years, but it is important to keep this concept in mind along with the concept of creativity as an important aspect of learning. The most effective method here would seem to be combining both creativity and repetition. Teachers can find ways for students to experience different types of writing multiple times while still keeping creativity involved.
Brainstorming activities may be one way to really help students realize the creative aspects of writing. There are many ways to use visual aids in brainstorming that will help show students the connection that writing has to art. Exploring ways to use visual art, such as drawings, for brainstorming may help students see their writing in an entirely different light. It helps fit writing and visual art alongside each other and helps create more connections in the student’s mind. The students will have to make connections with the visuals as well as text in their brains, which will require them to use different parts of their brains than they would through text alone.
Just exploring graphic novels may produce similar effects as students again are able to see writing being used along with another form of art. Going a step further, students could be asked create their own comic. Creating some form visual art that also tells the same story as their words helps show that the two art forms are closely entwined. Afterwards, students can see writing as a form of art in a way they perhaps had not before. Such a project could cause them to continue to view they’re writing in similar ways. It could be a natural development to begin exploring how they could create images through words alone and no drawings. It may seem more setting of creative writing, but potentially, students could expand the understanding to academic writing.
In fact, getting students to think about academic papers using visual art could be a great way to get them engaged while showing connections between the fields. Propaganda could be a great example of the way visual arts can be used for the same purpose as persuasive papers, and students can see how different persuasive techniques are also used visually. Students may have an easier time seeing visual propaganda as art despite its uses than they would a persuasive paper on the same topic. That is just one method of ways to open up a dialogue about writing, even academic writing, as art to students. Art of wildlife or landscapes or scientific models can all relate back to some of the options students would have for research papers.
Getting students thinking about writing as a form of art towards the beginning of the year or semester could help a lot with continuing that mindset for the rest of the year, even if the visual is not brought into every writing assignment they do throughout the year. If students are thinking of their papers almost as an art project, then they may feel less constricted and more at ease in exploring what they can do with their writing. The papers they turn in will be products they are excited to share with the world because they are an expression of the students and what they think rather than something written down to adhere to rules and please a teacher, nothing more.
Students are going to be aware that their paper will be graded and to write with that in mind. It has been strongly ingrained in them to expect that outcome, but the writing students, in particular, need to develop the courage to keep moving forward with their writing and develop their skills further instead of quitting once they have achieved the grade they wanted or will settle for. An art student might have been fine with coloring books when she was young, but as she goes through art classes, she has to be willing to continuously develop skills that allow her to create unique works of her own, not just filling in the outlines of someone else’s.
Writing is the same way. Students have to be given ownership and creative control of what goes into their papers if they are going to take away anything that will help them in the long run. They have to feel like they are actually learning their own writing process and creating works of worth and not just following an expected format where they fill in the blanks and have a paper. Teaching them to write to an assignment may get them through school, but it may not be much help afterwards when they have no assignments to follow and instead must create their own “assignments” and “rubrics” for themselves. That is when the true test of whether or not they learned to write will come, and their own sense of creativity will play a huge role. Emphasizing that creativity while they are in school will help prepare them. Maybe then they will feel confident enough to call themselves writers.
Addison, Joanne and Sharon James McGee. “Writing in High School/Writing in College: Research Trends and Future Directions.” College Composition and Communication 62.1 Sep. 2010: 147-179. JSTOR. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
Anderson, Tom. “Rediscovering the Connection Between the Arts.” Arts Education Policy Review 96.4 (1995): 10. Academic Search Premiere. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.
Bizzaro, Patrick. “Research and Reflection in English Studies: The Special Case of Creative Writing.” College English 66.3 (2004): 294-309. JSTOR. Web. 16 March 2015.
Cassano, Denise M. “Inspire Thoughtful Creative Writing Through Art.” Edutopia. George Lucas Educational Foundation, 7 Aug. 2014. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.
Changeux, Jean-Pierre. “Art and Neuroscience.” Leonardo 27.3 (1994): 189-201. JSTOR. Web. 16 March 2015.
Coles, Jr., W. E. “The Teaching of Writing as Writing.” College English 29.2 (Nov. 1967): 111-116. JSTOR. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
Fennell, Francis L. “Writing as Art.” College Communication and Composition 26.2 (May 1975): 177-82. JTOR. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
Fulwiler, Toby. “Teaching Writing as a Liberal Art: Ideas That Made the Difference.” University of Minnesota, 1999. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.
Hesse, Douglas. “The Place of Creative Writing in Composition Studies.” Boston University, 2010. Web. 30 Jan. 2015
Holzman, Michael. “Writing as Technique.” College English 44.2 (Feb. 1982): 129-34. JSTOR. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
Irwin, Rita L., and J. Karen Reynolds. “Integration As A Strategy For Teaching The Arts As Disciplines.” Arts Education Policy Review 96.4 (1995): 13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Feb. 2015.
Kaufman, Scott Barry. “The Real Neuroscience of Creativity.” The Scientific American. Nature America, Inc. 19 Aug. 2013. Web. 16 March 2015.
Lardner, Ted. “Locating the Boundaries of Composition and Creative Writing.” College Composition and Communication 51.1 (1999): 72-77. JSTOR. Web. 15 March 2015.
Leahy, Anna and Catherine Brady. “Comments on the Issue of Creative Writing in the Twenty-first Century.” College English 72.2 (2009): 199-201. JSTOR. Web. 15 March 2015.
Mirowsky, John and Catherine E. Ross. “Creative Work and Health.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 48.4 (Dec. 2007): 385-403. JSTOR. Web. 12 April 2015.
Penner, Erin Kay. “Making No Apologies for Difficulty: Putting Modernist Form at the Center of Classroom Discussions.” Journal of Modern Literature 37.2 (2014): 1-19. Project Muse. Web. 23 Jan. 2015.
“Relationship Between Writing and Art.” West Illinois University. Web. 31 Jan. 2015.
Ruffin, Paul. “Teaching Creative Writing.” Mississippi Review 19.1 (1990): 320-321. JSTOR. Web. 17 March 2015.
Willis, Judy. “A Primer: Neuroscience and Teaching Strategies.” Edge. ASCD. Web. 11 April 2016.
Zimmer, Carl. “This Is Your Brain on Writing.” The New York Times. The New York Times. 20 June 2014. Web. 16 March 2015.
Feminist Literary Criticism and Harry Potter
July 26, 2016 ~ hmweasley ~ Leave a comment
I’m posting some of the papers from my senior portfolio. This is a paper that I wrote for my British literature class during the fall of my junior year. Since we would ideally take that class before literary criticism, we studied different literary theories in less detail to prepare us. I had actually already taken lit crit.
When we were given the option to write about any book we wanted using any theory we wanted, my choice is probably unsurprising, and when I was choosing which papers to include in my portfolio, I couldn’t resist having something about Harry Potter in it.
Feminist literary criticism explores the use of gender in literary works, although there are numerous different branches of feminist criticism that focus on different aspects of works. The Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling may not be immediately thought of from the perspective of feminist criticism because of its male protagonist, but gender can provide an interesting way to look at the Harry Potter series even if some allowances have to be made that it is not a perfect way of looking at the series.
Although some critics are hesitant to focus on an author when studying a work, feminist critics might find it interesting that the Harry Potter series is written by a woman who chose to write about a male protagonist. This could provide an interesting perspective to study as the story is told by a female perspective even though the main character is male and should have a male perspective. American feminist critics, in particular, might be interested in this as they often focus on female authorship (Bressler 154). If the critic was really willing to bring in outside information, they could also explore the fact that J.K. Rowling decided to go by initials because her publishers did not think boys would buy her books if they knew they were written by a woman. That raises interesting questions over how female authorship of a story such as the Harry Potter series is viewed.
Of the three main characters of the series, two are male and one is female. Feminist critics might be interested in studying the differences between the three characters, especially considering Hermione, the female, is the one who is considered smart and “uptight” about following the rules while Ron and Harry, the males, are more easygoing about both school and breaking the rules. A cultural feminist critic could analyze whether any of these differences in personality were a result of gender (Bressler 158).
Going outside of the main characters, feminist critics could study the gender of those in power in the novels through Kate Millett’s idea of sexual politics (Bressler 150). Many of the most powerful figures in the novel are male. Harry is “the Chosen One” who is tasked with defeating “the Dark Lord” who is also male. There are multiple Ministers of Magic during the series, and every single one of them is male. There are two headmasters of Hogwarts during the series that are male, although McGonagall takes over as Headmistress at the very end of the last novel. Feminist critics might find these positions of power interesting to study.
Expanding on that, there are female characters who are in positions of power underneath the males. McGonagall is deputy headmistress underneath Dumbledore. Umbridge has an important position at the Ministry of Magic and is very loyal to the Minister of Magic Fudge. Bellatrix is one of the Death Eaters that Voldemort seems to keep close, and she is fiercely loyal to him to the point that it is basically an obsession. All of these women are in relatively powerful positions, but they all answer to men. That would help deepen an analysis of the Harry Potter series that discussed sexual politics.
While few women are in top positions of power in the series, there is one position that is given great importance in the series and dominated by women: motherhood. The love of mothers is a powerful image through the Harry Potter series. Lily Potter died in order to save Harry’s life, and her sacrifice becomes a key aspect of Harry finally defeating Voldemort. Feminist critics might be interested in studying why Rowling decided to use Harry’s mother for this position instead of his father.
In addition to Lily Potter, feminist critics might be interested in studying Molly Weasley. Molly is a stay-at-home mother who is fiercely dedicated to her children. Although she does not have a job, she does join the Order of the Phoenix in the fifth novel, but her job there seems to largely revolve around making sure Grimmauld Place runs smoothly. Readers witness her fight for the Order, but it never seems to be her primary goal in the organization. Her position as a mother is her most note-worthy characteristic and what defines her throughout the series, which opens up even more the discussion of mothers within the Harry Potter series. Arthur Weasley is portrayed in a very different way, which could also contribute to the contrast between mothers and fathers throughout the series.
Magic itself could also contribute to an interesting discussion amongst feminist critics. Amazon feminism asserts that women and men are equal physically and would probably be interesting in studying the differences between men and women fighting in a war (Bressler 157). In Harry Potter, the war is fought with magic alone. There is no physical aspect. Whether or not men and women are physically equal becomes more or less irrelevant because physical strength is not how they overpower each other. This would no doubt provide an interesting way to compare the world in Harry Potter to reality.
At the same time, there are also a few problems with studying the Harry Potter series using feminist criticism. The biggest is that the series takes place in a fictional world with a social structure entirely different from real social structures. The culture in Harry Potter has no doubt been influenced by our own culture because of the author, but readers of the series cannot know the entire history and social context of that world. While it is true that most of the powerful leaders in the novel are male, maybe that just happens to be a coincidence. Maybe there have been plenty of females in power before but there just are not at the time of the novels. It may seem unlikely, but no one can really know for sure. There is no certainty that the wizarding world holds the same view on women in power that is common in our own culture.
While there may be a few cautions to keep in mind, studying Harry Potter using feminist criticism can provide valuable insight into the text. A female author writing about a male protagonist automatically opens up questions about the role gender plays in the series, and there are plenty of aspects of gender throughout the series that could easily be explored. Doing so could greatly enrich any interpretation of the novels.
Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Boston: Longman, 2011. Print
Fragmentation in “A Rose for Emily”
July 22, 2016 July 22, 2016 ~ hmweasley ~ Leave a comment
I’ve been posting some of the essays that I included in my senior portfolio. This particular essay was written in the spring semester of my sophomore year of college for my American literature class.
The events in “A Rose for Emily” are not told in sequential order. Instead, readers receive bits and pieces of events that occurred and have to piece together what order they happened in on their own. This creates suspense in the story and keeps readers actively thinking about the information they are being given. Readers have to piece together the events that they read in order to figure out what is happening with Emily.
The story starts out by stating that Emily, or Miss Grierson, has died. This is also the last event in the story. Right off the bat readers know that this story is focused on Emily’s death. They are not going to be surprised by the death later on in the story. However, the story goes on to recount different parts of Emily’s life before coming back to her death. Throughout the story readers are already aware that they are reading about a dead woman, even though it is not focused on again until the end of the story.
It is possible that readers will have a different response to Emily as a character if they know she is dead. Often times, people will feel more sympathy for someone after their death than they did while that person was living. “A Rose for Emily” presents Emily as an eccentric woman who is described as an “obligation” for the town as opposed to someone that people have fond feelings for. Without knowing her fate, readers might view her as a town nuisance and possibly find her an annoying person they would not want to associate with, but knowing that she is dead from the very beginning, readers may be more apt to care about Emily and feel concern, even as they find out about more unsavory aspects of her as a character.
The fragmentation of the story also provides suspense to readers. They are only being given bits and pieces of the story, and what they are getting do not flow together. This method means that readers cannot passively read through the story without thinking much about it. Instead, readers are forced to think critically about what they are reading in order to follow the events. They have to constantly be trying to figure out what order the events came in and what it all means. This keeps readers engaged in the story and more focused on what is happening.
Because of the fragmentation, readers are most likely forming predictions about the end of the story. Once they reach the conclusion, many will be surprised at what they find because they did not piece together that this ending is what the rest of the story was building up to. Not many would have expected an elderly woman to have a man’s dead body lying around her house, even if there had been an odd smell around her house. Now though readers can go back and reread in order to see all of the hints throughout the story that led to the ending. They are now encouraged to reread the story in order to place the pieces of information together even more accurately than before.
In a way it almost seems to represent Emily’s life. She was not well understood by most of the people in her town, just as the story cannot be easily understood by those who do not take the time to read it carefully. The people of the town only received bits and pieces about her, and it is these bits and pieces that readers receive through the narration of a townsperson. The fragmentation helps show how disconnected Emily was from everyone, and how she never seemed to have anyone who really understood her. Emily was a person who took time to understand, and no one in the town took the time.
“A Rose for Emily” is not a story that readers can easily skim through and expect to fully understand. The fragmentation helps show the complexity of the story of Emily’s life and leads to more careful reading. Readers are pulled in by the challenge presented to them to figure out what is going on and, after discovering that, to see how well it all fit together.
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by Dave Eggers
Now a Major Motion Picture starring Emma Watson and Tom Hanks. A bestselling dystopian novel that tackles surveillance, privacy and the frightening intrusions of technology in our lives.
When Mae Holland is hired to work for the Circle, the world's most powerful internet company, she feels she's been given the opportunity of a lifetime. The Circle, run out of a sprawling California campus, links users' personal emails, social media, banking, and purchasing with their universal operating system, resulting in one online identity and a new age of civility and transparency. As Mae tours the open-plan office spaces, the towering glass dining facilities, the cozy dorms for those who spend nights at work, she is thrilled with the company's modernity and activity. There are parties that last through the night, there are famous musicians playing on the lawn, there are athletic activities and clubs and brunches, and even an aquarium of rare fish retrieved from the Marianas Trench by the CEO. Mae can't believe her luck, her great fortune to work for the most influential company in the world—even as life beyond the campus grows distant, even as a strange encounter with a colleague leaves her shaken, even as her role at the Circle becomes increasingly public. What begins as the captivating story of one woman's ambition and idealism soon becomes a heart-racing novel of suspense, raising questions about memory, history, privacy, democracy, and the limits of human knowledge.
Publisher: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
Fantasy Fiction Literature Thriller
Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
Dave Eggers - Author
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Wicked Women – Thursday on BROADSIDED, 11amEST
Posted by Carol Baker & Vicki Childs | Oct 12, 2011 | Justice & Help, People | 0 |
by Dennis J. Stevens, PhD.
No, we’re not talking about your esteemed hosts, in his book Wicked Women, Dennis Stevens, a criminology professor and prison counselor, shares the fascinating life stories of fifteen super predators, detailing their early life experiences and criminal activities through the time they interacted with him in prison. Withholding their names and identities, he presents disturbing evidence and chronicles the long, destructive journeys of these super predators. Dr. Stevens spent several years among high-risk felons in some of the most heavily researched penitentiaries in America while teaching criminology at various universities. He uses his vast professional experience to create fictional vignettes based on real-life situations, offering a glimpse into the souls of creatures who carry out wicked acts under the cover of a mask of sanity. While presenting bizarre accounts of incredible human cruelty of every variety-including border raids, brutal beatings, cannibalism, rape, and gang warfare-Dr. Stevens provides a never-before-seen look into the backgrounds and twisted minds of people like Margo, a transgendered drug addict obsessed with setting fires, and Mary, a former New Orleans police officer convicted of killing her partner. Without censorship or interference from political police, Wicked Women presents eye-opening, unforgettable accounts of the outrageous thoughts and gruesome destruction of super predators. You can find Dennis on Facebook or read his blog.
Brent Turvey
Also joining us will be Brent Turvey. Brent has a Master of Science degree and is a highly qualified and experienced Forensic Scientist and Criminal Profiler. He is an author and has weighed in on some very high profile cases, including most recently, the West Memphis Three. We’ll be asking Brent about many of the crime cases that have dominated the news recently and he’ll tell us why, based on the way the forensic materials were collected in the Amanda Knox case, she should never have been convicted of murder and spent the last 4 years in an Italian prison. We’ll also touch on the Troy Davis execution (Troy Davis was recently executed by the State of Georgia, based on eyewitness testimony alone – when the bulk of the “witnesses” had recanted their previous statements.) We’ll also be discussing why it’s become so common for everyone to believe that every case is like the CSI television shows and why it’s just not that simple.
Brent Turvey’s work and commentary is frequently featured on truTV.
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Carol Baker & Vicki Childs
Vicki Childs (pictured right), Private Investigator and former Federal agent teams up with Carol Baker, political writer and satirist, to take a hard look at hot-button topics of the day, challenging popular ideas in American society. They're tough. They're opinionated. Prepare to get… BROADSIDED. Join them online every Thursday at 11am EST on www.HereWomenTalk.com radio. Vicki is a Private Investigator and former Federal agent with a Masters in Criminal Justice. She is the former Director of the South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, was named 1996 Investigator of the Year, and was a 2009 Who's Who Award winner. Carol Baker came to our attention when a YouTube video, typical of her brand of political humor, went viral and was picked up by the national media. She is a political writer with a background in videography and copywriting. She is currently writing her first book.
Abolition to Education: Stories of Victims Play Valuable Part in Battle Against Human Trafficking
Anti-Trafficking Enforcement in U.S. is an Abysmal Failure
Protecting Children from Predators: Problems Breakthrough Options Solves
permis test - permis test... [...]Predator Women - Criminal Profiles | Here Women Talk[...]...
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intimate gift - intimate gift... [...]Predator Women - Criminal Profiles | Here Women Talk[...]...
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What Makes Women Happy in Fashion and Style
Happiness can take many shapes and forms when it comes to fashion and style. As part of the POPSUGAR Insights "Find Your Happy" study, we surveyed women to determine what it means to be happy in specific vertical categories.
We asked women to share the one thing that makes them happiest when it comes to fashion and style. Forty-eight percent of women said that their appearance makes them happiest. Thirty-four percent of women said that it's the clothes that make them happiest, and 13% of women cited the act of shopping for clothes as the thing that makes them happiest.
Among women who cited "appearance" as the aspect of fashion and style that makes them happiest, 29% of women said that style is what matters the most. This was especially true of teenage girls age 13-17 (39%) and women age 18-24 (31%). Teens were especially more likely than other age groups to say that it's important that they express themselves through what they wear (12%).
Among women who cited "clothing" as what makes them happiest, 20% of women said that "fit" mattered, including comfort and being comfortable (11%). This was especially true of women between the ages of 18 and 24.
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Durham Woman Who Defrauded Elderly Victim Pleads Guilty
Justice Department Documents & Publications
U.S. Attorney's Office
Middle District of North Carolina
Faces Up to 30 Years in Prison and up to $1,000,000 Fine
Winston-Salem, N.C. -- A woman who embezzled from an older person for whom she was a caretaker pleaded guilty to federal charges on Friday, February 8, announced United States Attorney Matthew G.T. Martin for the Middle District of North Carolina.
Teresa Denise Schneider, 52, of Durham, North Carolina, pleaded guilty to one count of bank fraud and one count of wire fraud, in front of the Honorable Loretta C. Biggs, United States District Judge for the Middle District of North Carolina.
"We should honor our elders, not steal from them. Ms. Schneider abused her position of trust as caretaker. We will aggressively pursue those who commit such acts," said U.S. Attorney Martin, adding, "I commend the Department of Treasury Task Force, NC SBI, and AUSA Chut who worked diligently to make sure this defendant is held accountable for exploiting a vulnerable victim and abusing the trust of the victim's family."
According to court documents, Schneider began caring for the victim in 2010 and continued to do so until the victim's death of natural causes at the age of ninety in 2013. During this time, family members of the victim, who visited almost daily, became concerned about Schneider's involvement in the victim's finances. In September 2011, a family member instructed Schneider to provide monthly copies of all bank and credit card statements. Schneider complied, but after the victim's death, the family discovered that the account statements Schneider provided had been altered to remove or conceal transfers of funds to Schneider. In total, Schneider embezzled approximately $370,000 from the victim.
Schneider's main source for converting the victim's funds to her own use involved the victim's credit card. Schneider transferred funds from the victim's deposit and investment accounts to overpay wildly the credit card by tens of thousands of dollars. Schneider then converted this money in two ways. First, she made numerous unauthorized purchases on the card, including paying for spa treatments, travel, college tuition, dining, and expensive shopping sprees at department stores. Second, Schneider used a direct transfer feature of the credit card to transfer over $100,000 to her personal bank account.
Schneider knew that she was not entitled to these funds and not authorized to make these transfers.
The sentencing is set for July 18, 2019, at 9:30 a.m. in Winston-Salem. Schneider faces up to thirty years in prison, a fine of up to $1,000,000, and supervised release of not more than five years following release from prison. At sentencing Schneider will also be ordered to pay restitution.
This case was investigated by the United States Department of Treasury Office of Inspector General Task Force and the North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation. Assistant United States Attorney Frank J. Chut, Jr. prosecuted the case.
Elder abuse includes physical abuse, caregiver neglect, financial exploitation, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, and abandonment. Since President Trump signed the bipartisan Elder Abuse Prevention and Prosecution Act into law, the Department of Justice has participated in hundreds of enforcement actions in criminal and civil cases that targeted or disproportionately affected seniors. Elder fraud complaints may be filed with the FTC at http://www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov or at 877-FTC-HELP.
Latest Credit Breach Exposes Mortgage Data Of 54K Borrowers
Negotiations Hit Snag As Shutdown Deadline Approaches
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Maps of Costa Rica: Best Beachside and Mountain Towns
Costa Rica is one of the most popular retirement havens in Central America. But when it comes to choosing a location to live, there are a lot of choices. With diverse climates and landscapes, Costa Rica offers you the opportunity to kick your shoes off on white-sand beaches, hike through lush lowland jungle or mountain cloud forests, and bask in volcanic thermal springs.
Here is a quick look at some of the best beach and mountain towns in Costa Rica.
Three Great Mountain Destinations in Costa Rica
By John Michael Arthur
Costa Rica is a beach-lovers paradise, but I think it is the mountain towns that make up the heart and soul of the country. After all, the vast majority of the population live in the mountains of the Central Valley. Inland the climate is temperate (no heating or air conditioning is needed,) and you have quick access to the best shopping and medical care in the country.
Or you can choose more rural living if you want it. Another big advantage is that the cost of living is much less in the mountains than on the beaches….a typical couple can live well on about $2000 per month. And for anyone who doesn’t want to miss out on what those picture-postcards always show—sparkling white sand and crystal blue oceans—you can be at the beach in around two hours.
For me, there’s no better place for full-time living, than the mountain towns of this Central American jewel.
The happy pueblo (town) of Grecia, with a population of about 16,000, in the Central Valley has been the site of an active expat community for several years—and for good reason.
This beguiling mountain paradise is conveniently located just a few miles off the Pan American Highway, less than an hour from the Costa Rica capital of San José with its top-notch medical care at the country’s best private and public hospitals. And it’s only 30 minutes from the Juan Santamaria International Airport.
Grecia, like most of the other towns in the Central Valley, boasts a nearly perfect climate. With temperatures in the low 80s during the day and the low 60s at night, it’s never too hot and never too cold. Grecia’s elevation is to be thanked for the extraordinary climate—it ranges from 3,000 feet to 5,000 feet above sea level.
Every Friday and Saturday you can take advantage of Grecia’s massive feria (farmers’ market.) Not only can you get the freshest produce—it’s true farm to table—but you’ll save a bundle to boot.
There’s always something going on in town, so there’s plenty to do. And the large expat community is always involved in clubs, gatherings, or events. The Club de Leones (Lions Club) is very active, or you might find yourself joining the Grecia Sports League or the Nature Club.
With lush, rolling hills of sugar cane, coffee plantations set atop the mountain ridges, stunning views of the valley below, the famous and now iconic red metal church and its tree-filled central park, it’s no wonder that Grecia has attracted expats from around the world.
Farther away in Costa Rica’s Southern Zone (about 80 miles south of San José), you’ll find an area well-known for maintaining a true Tico experience—San Isidro de El General. San Isidro is the unofficial capital of southern Costa Rica. It is a bustling city with good shopping, services, quality medical care, and a great climate. It’s also the fastest growing area in Costa Rica. There is a sizable expat population in the zone, encompassed of people from around the world.
It’s also one of the largest agricultural areas in the country, be it farming or ranching. So there’s no wonder that, as the regional center, it has one amazing farmers’ market.
With a population of about 50,000, the town itself is surrounded by primary forests, blue-green hills and mountains, and vast fields.
Expats with an interest in farming, even just hobby farming, have flocked to the area surrounding San Isidro because of the rich soil and ideal growing conditions. Apart from the mountain vistas, it’s often likened to Texas in the spring.
While it is indeed a mountain town, it rests at a lower elevation of about 2,300 feet. So, for anyone looking for a mountain experience with slightly warmer temperatures, this is it.
As a curious aside, the gentle folk of San Isidro de El General are widely regarded as the prettiest in Costa Rica.
The lush mountains and rich, volcanic soils around Orosi make it a real-life Shangri-la.
Somewhat undiscovered by tourists (but just 20 miles from San José,) this hidden jewel in the province of Cartago offers a peaceful setting in an unusual mix of palms and pines. Many call it home simply for the rural, off-the-beaten path feel, while still having the conveniences of city-life nearby.
It is a favorite getaway spot for the upper and middle class Costa Rican. This is due not only to the area’s naturally arresting beauty and agreeable climate, but also because there are myriad higher-end restaurants, spas, thermal pools, state parks, historical ruins, and the scenic Lake Cachí—covered in a lacework of water hyacinth.
Orosi is one of the oldest communities in Costa Rica. The verdant valley, with its rain forests, volcanoes, and rows upon rows of coffee plants and sugar cane, offers some of the richest
The 3 Best Towns in Costa Rica for Beachside Living
by Jackie Minchillo
There are typically three types of expats who move to the beach in Costa Rica. Those who are looking for a small, tight-knit community of like-minded people and a simpler, peaceful life while soaking up the sunshine. Those who love the warmth and scenery of the beach, but don’t want to be too far from the city. And those who really want to remove themselves from the hustle and bustle of modern-day life and be surrounded by nature.
The one thing they all have in common of course is a love for slightly salty air, sun on their face, and the feeling of their toes in the sand. Here are my top beach towns for expats in Costa Rica.
Tamarindo: Easy, convenient, and fun
Nestled along the heart of what’s known as the Gold Coast, on the country’s northern Pacific, Tamarindo is one of the first beach towns that started drawing expats to Costa Rica decades ago. Over the years this area has managed to maintain small, rustic beach town characteristics but has grown enough to include everyday conveniences that make daily life much easier.
This is Costa Rica’s hottest, driest region—so it’s a stretch of beach towns for those who really love the sun and heat. Located just over an hour from the international airport in Liberia, Tamarindo is a great location for those whose lifestyle will include travel, and those who will be expecting plenty of visitors. It’s one of very few places in the world where you can find a true tropical dry forest landscape and ecosystem, and you still have mountains in the countryside as well.
The community in this region is extremely well-organized. You have several internationally recognized schools in the area that draw families from all over the world, organized charitable groups, and social groups that make the process of settling in relatively easy. The area attracts many outdoor enthusiasts—any kind of water sport from surfing to scuba diving is available, plus hiking, mountain biking, or just chilling in a hammock enjoying the ocean breeze.
For those who want to be a bit outside of the hustle and bustle, but also want to be close enough to Tamarindo which is the hub of the area, communities just to the north like Playa Potrero, or just to the south like Playa Avellanas are worth a look. Cost of living in this area for a couple is generally between $2,000 and $2,500 per month.
Jaco: The heartbeat of the Central Pacific coast
This happening beach town is one in Costa Rica that closest resembles the beach towns you might see somewhere like Florida. The heartbeat of the Central Pacific, here you will find luxury resorts, high rise condos, and a developed town with commerce, restaurants, and activity galore.
Because of its location along the coast you still have sunshine most of the year, but you are getting into a more intense rainy season and a more jungle-like landscape. This area of the coast is home to the Manuel Antonio National Park—one of the country’s most famed parks for spotting an abundance of wildlife. This is also the area of the coast where you’re likely to find the greatest mix between expat influence and local Tico culture, as it’s the most easily accessible portion of coast from the popular Central Valley, where the vast majority of the local population lives. This is the area people who live in the city come to visit for weekends and holidays.
While Jaco is a busy town, there are much quieter, less populated, and more rustic beach towns nearby to the north and south—so you’re not completely surrounded by development. And the unique benefit to this area is the easy access to the country’s capital of San Jose and surrounding towns. If, for example, you need regular access to the country’s top medical care, or you know that you love the beach, but will also want to visit a shopping mall every now and then—Jaco to San Jose is around a one hour drive—so it exponentially increases the convenience of beach life given its location.
This is a stretch of coast where it would be possible for a couple to live on less than $2,000 per month—both rentals and real estate tend to be cheaper than other coastal areas and it’s probably the easiest stretch of coast to live without a car, which also eliminates that added expense.
Uvita/Dominical: Bohemian vibes and magnificent wildlife
These are two beach towns right next door to one another and while they each have some unique draws all their own—they’re so close by, they’re worthy of mentioning together. These two towns serve as the sort of epicenter for the country’s southern zone…and while that description may make them sound big and grand, they’re still tiny and more remote than popular beach towns farther north along the coast.
The Southern Zone is for those who are headed to Costa Rica primarily to enjoy the splendor that is the country’s incredible biodiversity. This part of Costa Rica’s coast is where you can truly enjoy all the landscape this retirement haven has to offer—known as the region where the mountains meet the sea, you can climb thousands of feet in elevation just minutes from the sand.
This area delivers an intense rainy season and as a result a dense, lush, picture-perfect jungle landscape. There’s a small population that lives in this area, but you will certainly find yourself with plenty of peace and quiet. These two towns have a bit of a bohemian vibe, and while there’s daily accessibility for the things you’ll need—if you find yourself in need of anything slightly out of the ordinary, you may need to plan to travel to find it.
While you’ll find this to be the most remote portion of coast, your daily wildlife sightings will be sure to spark some friendly jealousy amongst your friends and family back home. This is the place you can expect to see pretty much any and all of the magnificent creatures featured in Costa Rica tourism ads.
Cost of living here for a couple is likely to be very similar to the Gold Coast—while some daily things may be cheaper, it will likely be necessary to own a car here.
Where is Costa Rica on the Map?
By Jason Holland
Bordered to the north by Nicaragua and to the south by Panama, Costa Rica has both a Pacific and Caribbean coast. The country’s population of 4.9 million, is about the size of West Virginia. But, Costa Rica packs a lot into this small territory, with a diverse variety of climates, landscapes, and lifestyles.
Costa Rica has long been a favorite destination for North American vacationers interested in lazing away the days on tropical beaches, and taking in all the natural beauty. So too has it been on the radar of retirees, for the same reasons, as well as easy-to-qualify for residence visas, lower cost of living, high-quality healthcare, a year-round warm climate, good-value real estate, and friendly locals.
As one of the most bio-diverse areas in the world you also find many different types of exotic wildlife including monkeys and sloths, and plant species.
Important for residents, Costa Rica is also safe and secure, with a long history of peaceful democracy. Its focus on the environment is well-known. Twenty-five percent of its territory is national park or private preserve. And nearly 100% of its electricity is generated by renewable sources like hydroelectric, geothermal, and wind.
Costa Rica has affordable direct flights from many destinations in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Flights from south Florida airports are 2.5 hours, Houston flights are 3.5 hours, Los Angeles flight times are six hours and a flight from Toronto is 5.5 hours.
Costa Rica is well served by all the major airlines, including Jetblue, Alaska Airlines, American, Iberia, United, Delta, Spirit, and more. Generally, more flights are available from January to April, which is considered the tourist high season.
You can fly into either of the country’s two international airports. The largest and most frequented is Juan Santamaría (SJO) located in the capital, San José, which is the center of the country, but still accessible to the coast.
The recently expanded second airport Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport, (LIR) is in Liberia, located in the northwest corner of the country, near popular Pacific coast beach towns like Tamarindo and Playas del Coco.
What Areas in Costa Rica Should I Visit?
One of the most popular regions for retired expats is in the geographic center of the country, an area that surrounds the capital, San José, known as the Central Valley.
This is a mountainous area, where people live at elevations between 2,000 to 5,000 feet. This means that you can enjoy spring-like weather year-round even though you’re in the tropics.
Some of the world’s best coffee is grown in the Central Valley; it’s an agricultural way of life in the rural areas here, but you will also find the country’s biggest cities and about two-thirds of the population in this region.
Once you get out of the crowded metro area of the capital, you quickly find quiet villages and bustling market towns. Offering a peaceful, traditional Tico lifestyle, with big city amenities like the international airport, large shopping malls and warehouse shopping clubs, in close proximity.
In popular towns like Grecia and Atenas, you’ll enjoy all the conveniences you might need like grocery and hardware stores, doctor’s offices, and clinics, farmers’ markets, cafes, and restaurants. The town center also features a church, and large plazas and parks that are a center of activity throughout the day.
Southern Zone
Costa Rica’s coast features a laidback way of life, with a mix of fishing villages, farming communities, and coastal towns popular with vacationers and watersports enthusiasts. The southern Pacific coast, about three hours from San José by car, is a region known for vast rainforests and virtually deserted beaches.
Dominical is a small seaside town popular with surfers and those looking for a bohemian lifestyle. Ojochal, around 30 minutes farther south along the well-maintained coastal highway, is a village in the jungle known for its culinary scene.
In the Southern Zone, many expats live in homes in the hills and ridges overlooking the ocean and surrounding jungle. At elevations of 700 to 1,000 feet above sea level, sea and mountain breezes cool things off on even the hottest days.
Central Pacific Coast
As the closest beach destination to the Central Valley, the central Pacific coast has long been a favorite getaway for Costa Ricans. It’s just a two-hour drive or less depending on traffic, from San José and its suburbs to the region’s premier beach town, Jacó.
Jacó is well developed, with condo and hotel towers lining the beach along the bay. Visitors and residents here can enjoy nightlife and restaurants by night and great surfing, shopping, and sport fishing by day. Jacó is popular with North American visitors, but there is also plenty here to attract long-term expat residents, including affordable beach condos, gyms, large grocery stores, hospitals, and other conveniences.
Some expats prefer quieter beach communities just to the south, such as Playa Hermosa, and Esterillos. An hour south is the resort area of Quepos/Manuel Antonio, which features the most visited national park in the country. Expats searching for nature, and fun activities tend to reside here.
Northern Pacific Coast
This region in the far northwest of Costa Rica goes by many names, including the Gold Coast, and Guanacaste, the name of the province. This is the driest region of Costa Rica with the least rainfall and most sunny days.
Served by the Liberia airport, it’s about five hours’ drive from San José. Most of the activity here is in towns along the coast, such as Tamarindo, Playa Flamingo, and Playas del Coco, which are popular with tourists. Many expats seeking a permanent vacation lifestyle have settled here full-time.
You’ll find beach bars and restaurants along the beach featuring cold drinks, live music, good surfing and fishing, and a general relaxed vibe.
Lake Arenal
About three hours northwest of the capital is 33-square-mile Lake Arenal. The verdant hills, covered in a mix of forest, pasture, and farmland rise steeply, with small villages dotting the shore. Expats here often live in homes overlooking the lake. The shore itself is virtually undeveloped, and the area as a whole retains a quiet, rural character.
Although you won’t find much in the way of shopping, other than small markets, villages like Nuevo Arenal, San Luis, and Tronadora are small-town Costa Rica at its finest.
Nosara, Costa Rica
Cost of Living in Costa Rica
Healthcare in Costa Rica
Tamarindo, Costa Rica
Cartago, Costa Rica
Playa Conchal, Costa Rica
Jacó, Costa Rica
Retire in Costa Rica
Travel in Costa Rica
Dominical, Costa Rica
Traditions and Culture in Costa Rica
Sámara, Costa Rica
Hermosa, Guanacaste
Costa Rica: Fast Facts
Real Estate in The Orosi Valley, Costa Rica
Real Estate in Tamarindo, Costa Rica
Costa Rica Visa Residence Information
Working in Costa Rica
Move to Costa Rica
Taxes in Costa Rica
The Orosi Valley, Costa Rica
Grecia, Costa Rica
The Central Valley, Costa Rica
North Pacific Coast, Costa Rica
Climate in Costa Rica
Renting in Costa Rica
The Economy in Costa Rica
Rolodex: Contacts in Costa Rica
Beachfront Property in Costa Rica
Learn more about Costa Rica and other countries in our daily postcard e-letter. Simply enter your email address below and we’ll send you a FREE REPORT – Why Are Americans Still Flocking to Costa Rica.
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Eta Sigma
Eta Sigma Chapter was founded at Chapman University in Orange, California on April 19-20, 2013.
Eta Tau
Eta Tau Chapter was founded at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. on October 26, 2013.
Eta Theta
Eta Theta Chapter was founded at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts on November 15, 2003. In May 2016, Harvard College announced a new policy stating that beginning with the class of 2021, undergaduates at Harvard who were also members of single-gender social organizations would not be permitted to hold leadership positions in recognized student organizations or on athletic teams and that they would not be eligible for letters of recommendation from the Danoff Dean of Harvard College for scholarship opportunities. Due to this decision, Eta Theta Chapter closed in early 2018.
Eta Upsilon
Eta Upsilon Chapter was founded at Wichita State University in Wichita, Kansas on November 16, 2013.
Eta Xi
Eta Xi Chapter was founded at the University of California, Merced in Merced, California on April 25, 2009.
Eta Zeta
Eta Zeta Chapter was founded at John Carroll University in Cleveland, Ohio on November 17, 2001.
Gamma Chapter was founded at Smithson College in Logansport, Indiana in 1873, a year after the college was founded. Opposition to secret societies at the college became strong and no new members were added after the spring of 1874. The Chapter closed in 1875.
Gamma Alpha
Gamma Alpha Chapter was founded at Kansas State University (formerly Kansas State Agricultural College) in Manhattan, Kansas on September 23, 1916.
Gamma Beta Chapter was founded at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico on April 5, 1918.
Gamma Chi
Gamma Chi Chapter was founded at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. on June 7, 1929.
Gamma Delta
Gamma Delta Chapter was founded at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana on January 24, 1919.
Gamma Epsilon
Gamma Epsilon Chapter was founded at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on February 21, 1919.
Gamma Eta
Gamma Eta Chapter was founded at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington on May 7, 1920.
Gamma Gamma
Gamma Gamma Chapter was founded at Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington on April 29, 1918.
Gamma Iota
Gamma Iota Chapter was founded at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri on September 10, 1921
Gamma Kappa
Gamma Kappa Chapter was founded at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia on February 16, 1923.
Gamma Lambda
Gamma Lambda Chapter was founded at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont on June 1, 1923. The Chapter was closed in March 1969.
Gamma Mu
Gamma Mu Chapter was founded at Oregon State University (formerly Oregon State Agricultural College) in Corvallis, Oregon on June 7, 1924.
Gamma Nu
Gamma Nu Chapter was founded at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas on April 9, 1925.
Gamma Omega
Gamma Omega Chapter was founded at Denison University in Granville, Ohio on December 6, 1929.
Gamma Omicron
Gamma Omicron Chapter was founded at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, Wyoming on February 25, 1927.
Gamma Phi
Gamma Phi Chapter was founded at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas on May 17, 1929.
Gamma Pi
Gamma Pi Chapter was founded at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama on June 2, 1927.
Gamma Psi
Gamma Psi Chapter was founded at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland on June 7, 1929. The Chapter closed on May 20, 1992.
Gamma Rho
Gamma Rho Chapter was founded at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania on February 13, 1888. Initially, the fraternity custom was to name a new chapter after a closed one, so that all 24 letters of the Greek alphabet were always in use. Because of this, early documents refer to the chapter simply as Rho. This practice ended in 1890 when Convention delegates voted to affix Beta to the name of a chapter to indicate it was the second and to affix Gamma on the second round, then Delta, and so on. The chapter at Allegheny was the third chapter to be known as Rho and, after 1890, it became known as Gamma Rho.
Gamma Sigma
Gamma Sigma Chapter was founded at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada on June 25, 1928. The Chapter closed in 1976 after the chapter requested that the Fraternity Council allow it to surrender its charter, believing that the campus attitude towards fraternity life was not conducive to the chapter continuing.
Gamma Tau
Gamma Tau Chapter was founded at North Dakota State University (formerly North Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts) in Fargo, North Dakota on May 3, 1929. The Chapter closed in 1985.
Gamma Theta
Gamma Theta Chapter was founded at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa on April 30, 1921.
Gamma Upsilon
Gamma Upsilon Chapter was founded at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on May 11, 1929.
Gamma Xi
Gamma Xi Chapter was founded at the University of California, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California on May 8, 1925.
Gamma Zeta
Gamma Zeta Chapter was founded at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona on January 3, 1920.
Iota Chapter was founded at Indiana Asbury University (now DePauw University) in Greencastle, Indiana on March 13, 1875.
Kappa Chapter was founded at Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan on June 9, 1881.
Lambda Chapter was founded at Buchtel College (now the University of Akron) in Akron, Ohio on June 10, 1877.
Mu Chapter was founded at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana on January 2, 1878.
Nu Chapter was founded at Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana on January 31, 1879. The Chapter closed on October 30, 1884.
Omega Chapter was founded at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas on December 17, 1883.
Omicron Chapter was founded at Simpson Centenary College (now Simpson College) in Indianola, Iowa on April 10, 1880. Due to the perceived low standard of the college, the Chapter was closed on February 10, 1890.
Omicron Deuteron
Omicron Deuteron Chapter was founded at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa on February 10, 1990, exactly 100 years to the day after the original Omicron charter was surrendered.
Phi Chapter was founded at Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts on May 10, 1882. The Chapter closed in 1971.
Pi Chapter was founded at the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California on May 22, 1880. The Chapter was founded in an unorthodox fashion; after skimming through Baird's Manual, Anna Long (Brehm) and Ella Bailey (Bruns) applied to Kappa Alpha Theta for a charter, but the Thetas refused to grant a charter to a group with fewer than six members. The two girls acquired another foursome and then, after talking things over with some fraternity men, decided to apply for a charter from Kappa instead. The Chapter closed in the Spring of 1885 due to administrative opposition, lack of chapter harmony, recruitment difficulties, and the Chapter's complete isolation from other members and chapters of the Fraternity.
Pi Deuteron
Pi Deuteron Chapter was founded at the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California on August 5, 1897, 12 years after the original Pi Chapter closed.
Psi Chapter was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York on November 24, 1883. The Chapter closed in October 1969.
Psi Deuteron
Psi Deuteron Chapter was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York on April 23, 1977, only eight years after the original Psi Chapter closed.
Rho Chapter was founded at Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio on November 25, 1880. The Chapter closed in 1884 after the University faculty decided that no woman could belong to a secret society.
Rho Deuteron
Rho Deuteron Chapter was founded at Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio on May 1, 1925.
Sigma Chapter was founded at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska on May 19, 1884.
Tau Chapter was founded at Lasell Seminary in Auburndale, Massachusetts in either June 1881 or in the Fall of 1881. Expense and lack of enthusiasm prevented the development of Tau Chapter and the Chapter was closed by 1882.
Theta Chapter was founded at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri on April 2, 1875.
Upsilon
Upsilon Chapter was founded at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois on April 18, 1882.
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Vector Research Addressing Country Control Needs
Yeya Tiemoko Touré ,
* E-mail: ytoure76@gmail.com
Affiliation Retired from TDR as of 30 June, 2014; Faculté de Médecine et d′Odonto-stomatologie (FMOS), Bamako, Mali
Bernadette Ramirez,
Johannes Sommerfeld
Yeya Tiemoko Touré,
Yeya Tiemoko Touré Bernadette Ramirez Johannes Sommerfeld
Citation: Touré YT, Ramirez B, Sommerfeld J (2015) Vector Research Addressing Country Control Needs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(1): e3376. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003376
Editor: Albert Picado, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Spain
Copyright: © 2015 Touré et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, African trypanosomiasis, and onchocerciasis, occur in more than 100 countries [1] and affect more than half of the world's population [2]. Transmitted by insect vectors, or with the involvement of intermediate or reservoir hosts, these are among the most neglected tropical diseases. Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases [2]–[4].
Effective prevention strategies can reverse this trend of high disease burden. Vector control as a method to reduce or interrupt transmission [4] is a key component of such strategies. New and improved vector control tools and strategies are needed, and research must more directly address countries' needs to improve the effectiveness of disease control [5].
This article compares TDR strategic emphases [6] and basic research on vectors before 2007 against the current research in support of control interventions (2008 to date), documenting the changes in research output, training, and practical application, from basic science to more directly addressing country needs for scientific evidence and improved control tools and strategies.
More Than Ten Years of Support to Investigator-Driven Basic Research
TDR supported investigator-driven vector research in molecular entomology from 1994 to 2007. Prior to 2007, a research strategy was developed for each of the ten diseases then in the TDR portfolio (Chagas disease, dengue, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and tuberculosis) based on a seven-step analysis [6]. The vector research focused on the “new and basic knowledge” research area and was implemented through investigator-driven research following competitive calls for applications, with the proposals and progress reports reviewed by an external scientific review committee.
The TDR Molecular Entomology Committee (BCV) was created in 1994 following the Tucson, Arizona, (United States) meeting of 1991 on "Prospects for malaria control by genetic manipulation of its vectors" [7]. The main objective for the 15-year program (1995–2010) was to develop tools for genetic modification of mosquitoes, identify genes to make mosquitoes unable to transmit the parasites, develop methods for spreading the genes in wild mosquito populations, and field test the genetic control methods.
The research activities were focused on molecular biology, genomics, and genetic modification of vectors of malaria, dengue, and HAT. The accompanying capacity building activities included courses on the Biology of Disease Vectors (BDV, from 1994–2007), and bioinformatics and functional genomics applied to insect vectors (2004–2011).
These activities produced important achievements, including developing genetic modification methods for malaria vectors [8], [9] and sequencing the genomes of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in 2002 [10] and of the HAT vector Glossina morsitans in 2014 [11]. In addition, they generated new basic knowledge on insect biology and genetics and supported the training of 180 researchers in bioinformatics and functional genomics [12] and 100 researchers in the BDV courses [13]. The potential for this new knowledge to help develop new and innovative vector control tools and strategies was highlighted by Morel et al. in 2002 [14] and Touré et al. in 2004 [15].
In 2006, TDR commissioned an evaluation of the vector research activities undertaken between 1994 and 2005 to inform the implementation of the 2008–2017 strategy. Of the 104 research projects funded, 72% were from US and European investigators and 28% from 11 disease-endemic countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In addition, more than 95% of the funded research projects were about malaria vectors. The programme trained 380 scientists, with 26.3% trained within the research projects and 73.7% as part of 26 specific training projects. Most of the trainees were from disease-endemic countries. The research activities generated 341 publications (an average of more than three publications per project).
Overall, the programme was evaluated positively, showing mainly laboratory-based research driven by northern investigators who had the expertise and the facilities and who published a large amount of scientific information. It also contributed significantly to building research capacity in disease-endemic countries. However, despite the programme's importance, the scientific information generated would clearly need time to find practical applications for disease-endemic countries' vector control programmes.
The evaluation recommended focusing on a few selected topics going forward, providing substantial funding to fewer projects and ensuring that training remains a key component of the activities.
From Investigator-Driven Research to Research Addressing Countries' Needs
During the same time in 2006, an external review of TDR was undertaken that led to the development of a new strategic plan with a change in direction that would have an impact on vector research priorities.
The 2006 TDR external review concluded, “TDR's focus should be on the very neglected diseases, and even more so on the health needs of the most needy populations” [16]. It further highlighted the need for a strong link between research and control in relation to the scaling up of interventions, policies, and the use of tools [16].
A ten-year vision and strategy (2008–2017) followed in December 2006 [17]. TDR's vision in this strategy was to foster “An effective global research effort on infectious diseases of poverty, in which disease-endemic countries play a pivotal role.” In order to achieve this, TDR focused support on innovative research for disease control priorities and significantly increased support for implementation research.
Vector research took a more holistic approach that continues today. The main objective is to develop and evaluate new and improved vector and vector-borne disease control methods and strategies in the context of social, environmental, and climate change. The research also explores optimal ways to engage communities in the delivery and scale-up of control interventions.
The current vector research programme (2008–2017) had supported 24 multi-country commissioned projects selected through competitive call for applications. The research topics were identified by TDR following a review of control and research needs during informal consultations in scientific working group meetings. The strategic framework and operational approach for TDR vector research was defined during a broad stakeholder and expert consultation meeting in April 2007. The recommendations from the consultation were used to develop a TDR vector research work plan with clear expected outputs and outcomes and their expected indicators for each strategic objective. The work plan (including its planned budget) was reviewed by the TDR Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) before its approval by the Joint Coordinating Board (JCB). Examples of topics included “development and evaluation of improved tsetse control methods and strategies,” “development and evaluation of improved targeted and integrated dengue vector control methods and strategies,” “development and evaluation of improved methods and strategies for packaging integrated malaria vector control approaches,” and “development and evaluation of strategies for complementary or alternative Chagas disease vector control measures.”
Following the approval of the work plan, calls for applications for commissioned research were issued and posted on TDR website for about two months. The selection of proposals and review of progress reports were made by an independent scientific review committee appointed by the TDR director. The selection of the projects was based on a ranking using criteria of scientific merit, relevance to TDR work plan, and feasibility under the available funding and working conditions. The number of projects to be funded was determined by the budget available for the activity.
The recommendations from the review committee were submitted to the TDR director for final approval of the funding of the projects. The projects approved for funding were officially announced with summary information posted on TDR website. All the applicants received official decision letters with the detailed comments from the reviewers justifying the decision for approval or rejection of the application.
The funded projects included ten projects on vector control methods and strategies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America; five on environmental and climate change impact on vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Africa; eight on community-based dengue and Chagas disease vector control interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean; and one on community-based dengue vector control interventions in six Asian countries. For all the research projects, it was mandatory for researchers to involve the communities, control services, and decision makers right at the beginning in the planning and implementation process.
The research activities have already had positive effects in providing scientific evidence and improved vector control tools and strategies that helped to improve control interventions. The achievements include the standardization and optimization of trapping methods for six HAT vectors across Africa in nine countries (Angola, Côte d′Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) [18]–[20], the identification of gaps and weaknesses in ongoing malaria control interventions in three African countries (Cameroon, Kenya, and Mali), the examination of sources of re-infestation of houses by triatomine bugs, and the analysis of the most suitable insecticides for house spraying for Chagas disease control in seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, and Paraguay) [21].
In addition, the achievements included a proof of principle of efficacy in reducing vector densities [22] through dengue vector control interventions in Asia (Thailand and Viet Nam) and Latin America (Guatemala and Brazil), combining the use of insecticide-treated materials (door/window curtains and water jar covers) with targeting the most productive Aedes mosquito larval breeding sites and biological control method (using larvivorous fish). This proof of principle was also demonstrated through ecological, biological, and social studies conducted between 2006 and 2011 in urban and semi-urban areas in Asia (India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, and Thailand) that helped develop community-based intervention [23].
Moreover, the achievements included the identification of key factors associated with vector breeding and development as a basis for improving targeted intervention strategies [24]. The results helped in designing multicentre intervention studies in five Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Uruguay) that were further evaluated and showed the benefit of targeted vector management in reducing vector abundance.
The 19 research projects funded from 2008–2013 generated 62 publications, with an average of over three publications per project; the five projects on environmental and climate change impact on VBDs that started in 2013 are still to be published.
Examples of detailed information about the projects, diseases, countries involved, project cost, and list of publications are accessible in the annual reports (2008–2011) for TDR innovative vector control interventions under “Annexes: list of publications; funded projects” at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/TDR_BL5.10_eng.pdf and http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/bl5-annual-report-2008.pdf?ua=1.
In addition to the vector research activities referred to above that were conducted under the innovative vector control interventions research portfolio, TDR provided support to countries for vector control and reduction of transmission for the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal). The VL vector research activities conducted under the implementation research portfolio helped provide to countries monitoring and evaluation guidelines for VL vector control interventions [25]–[27].
Effects of Shifts in Vector Research Strategy
TDR-supported research demonstrated a relatively acceptable cost-benefit by leveraging about three to four times its funding equivalent through contributions by countries and other partners to the projects. However, the uptake of research findings from TDR-funded projects by health systems of developing countries has been insufficient. This is in part due to a lack of appropriate translation and communication of results.
The current shift in TDR research strategy is intended to improve this situation through more addressing of country needs for scientific evidence and improved control tools and strategies, as well as involving communities, control services, and decision makers in the research process for better communication and uptake of research findings.
Overall, the shift was intended to make the research outputs more relevant and useful for problem-solving and practical applications in control programmes, and as indicated below, it is on track for this purpose.
Before 2007, there were 104 single-country basic research projects funded over ten years; 72% of these were from northern country investigators. After 2007, there were 24 multicountry implementation research projects funded in five years, with 79% from disease-endemic country investigators. This shows a reversal of the pattern for leadership, with more southern investigators driving the funded projects, and of the type of projects funded, which shifted from basic research to implementation research and to fewer but larger, well-funded, multicountry projects. An indication of the practical aspect of the implementation research activities is that the results are already used for practice changes. For example, the national malaria control programme in Mali, in agreement with the donor agencies, changed the insecticide they were using for indoor residual spraying (IRS) of houses from lambdacyhalothrin to carbamate. This decision was based on poor IRS efficacy results with lambdacyhalothrin detected by the researchers in the malaria vector control programmes. Another example comes from the TDR dengue vector control research activity in six countries in Asia, which resulted at community level in local groups being united around broad interests in environmental hygiene and sanitation (including vector control).
The shift in TDR vector research strategy can also be seen by looking at which countries were involved. Before 2007, there were 11 disease-endemic countries (Africa: four, Asia: three, and Latin America: four) involved in 28% of the research. After 2007, 84% of the 62 countries involved in the research projects were from disease-endemic countries (Africa: 21, Asia: 14, and Latin America: 17) and they accounted for 79% of the projects. This shows a shift towards the disease-endemic countries becoming more involved in the research activities.
The disease focus also changed over this period. Before 2007, 95% of projects were devoted to malaria. After 2007, there was a more even distribution among the diseases studied (Chagas disease: five, malaria: two, dengue: eight, HAT: four, leishmaniasis: three, and multidisease projects: five).
These changes did not seem to negatively affect the average publication output. Before 2007, there was an average of 3.28 publications per project (341 publications for 104 projects over ten years), and after 2007, there was an average of 3.26 publications (62 publications for 19 projects over five years). The total funds allocated for research per year was US$567,190 before 2007 and 2 million after 2007. Although the funds allocated per year during the second phase were much larger than those of the first phase, it is important to note that for most of the projects during the first phase, researchers from developed countries had complementary activities funded from other funding sources. In addition, the implementation research projects during the second phase took much longer to deliver and to be ready for publication, and they have more public health value.
In terms of operating procedures, TDR moved from having the investigators propose the research topics unguided to identifying research priorities in consultation with stakeholders, national disease control programs, researchers, donor agencies, and worldwide experts before inviting investigators to address the identified priorities through competitive calls for applications for commissioned research.
The current focus for TDR vector research is on implementation research to optimize control interventions. This research takes into account the complexity of the environment, including developmental activities (agriculture, irrigation, dams, deforestation) and the need for integrated methods, transdisciplinary approach to disease control, and better coordination and cooperation for disease research and control. The expected result is locally adapted solutions to countries' control problems.
The current research provides scientific evidence and improved tools and strategies for better planning and implementation of control interventions with the direct involvement of communities, disease control services, and decision makers in the research process. Consequently, it allows better communication and uptake of research results and sustainability of the efforts and gains. This approach is particularly relevant to the complex research of developing adaptation strategies to the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases.
TDR-supported vector research under the new strategic direction has already contributed to improved control interventions by optimizing and standardizing methods and providing scientific evidence for better planning and implementation of the targeted and integrated interventions in several disease-endemic countries. It has particularly improved collaboration between researchers and disease control personnel, thereby facilitating the uptake of results. Moreover, it has increased the number of research contributions from scientists living in the countries where the problems occur.
The integrated, multidisciplinary approach, driven by country needs for scientific evidence and improved control tools and strategies and involving more local researchers and community members, has been shown to address country needs faster and with good results. There is still much to be done, but we believe this is an approach that can increase the pace of progress against a range of important diseases.
The authors would like to thank Professor Kitsos Louis, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, for the evaluation in 2006 of the ten years (1994–2005) of TDR molecular entomology research activities (WHO contract ID OD/AP-06-00524). They also thank all the members of the scientific committees involved in TDR vector research activities from 1994–2014, and Dr. Boris Dobrokhotov, who was the first manager of the molecular entomology committee.
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11. International Glossina Initiative Consortium, (2014). Genome sequence of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans): vector of African trypanosomiasis. Science 25 April 2014, vol 344. pp 380–386.
12. Christoffels A, Masiga D, Berriman M, Lehane M, Touré Y, et al. (2014) International Glossina Genome Initiative 2004–2013: a driver for post-genomic era research on the African continent PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8(8): e0003024.
13. Beaty BJ, Prager DJ, James AA, Jacobs-Lorena M, Miller LH, et al. (2009) From Tucson to Genomics and Transgenics: The Vector Biology Network and the Emergence of Modern Vector Biology. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3(3): doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000343.
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20. Kaba D, Zacarie T, M′Pondi AM, Njiokou F, Bosson-Vanga H, et al. (2014) Standardising Visual Control Devices for Tsetse Flies: Central and West African Species Glossina palpalis palpalis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(1): e2601
21. Gaspe MS, Gurevitz JM, Gürtler RE, Dujardin JP (2013) Origins of house reinfestation with Triatoma infestans following insecticide spraying in rural Argentine Chaco using wing geometric morphometry. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 17: 93–100.
22. Rizzo N, Gramajo R, Escobar MC, Arana B, Kroeger A, et al. (2012) Dengue Vector Management using Insecticide Treated Materials and Targeted Interventions on Productive Breeding-Sites in Guatemala. BMC Public Health 2012 12: 931
23. Kittayapong P, Thongyuan S, Olanratmanee P, Aumchareon W, Koyadun S, et al. (2012) Application of Eco-Friendly Tools and Eco-Bio-Social Strategies to Control Dengue Vectors in Urban and Peri-Urban Settings in Thailand. Pathogens and Global Health 2012; 106 (8) 446–454.
24. Quintero J, Brochero H, Manrique-Saide P, Barrera-Pérez M, Basso C, et al. (2014) Ecological, biological and social dimensions of dengue vector breeding in five urban settings of Latin America: a multi-country study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14: 38 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/14/38.
25. World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (2010) Monitoring and evaluation tool kit for indoor residual spraying: Kala-azar elimination in Bangladesh, India and Nepal (2010). http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/irs_toolkit.pdf
26. Mondal D, Huda MM, Karmoker MK, Ghosh D, Matlashewski G, et al. (2013) Reducing Visceral leishmaniasis by impregnation of bed-nets, Bangladesh. Em.Inf.Dis. 19: 1131–1134.
27. Kumar V, Kesari S, Chowdhury R, Kumar S, G. Sinha G, et al. (2013) User friendliness: efficiency and spray quality of stirrup pumps versus hand compression pumps for indoor residual spraying. Ind J. Med. Res. 138: 239–243.
Is the Subject Area "Asia" applicable to this article?
Chagas disease
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Is the Subject Area "Leishmaniasis" applicable to this article?
Disease vectors
Is the Subject Area "Disease vectors" applicable to this article?
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Behind the Scenes - CBD Resources
Why You Should Never Use Synthetic CBD
Last winter several people in Utah became seriously ill from a poison outbreak linked to synthetic cannabinoids. Last spring there were 56 reports of severe bleeding in Chicago and other areas across Illinois where synthetic cannabinoids were suspected to be the culprit. Two of these 56 people died in what a spokesperson for the Illinois Department of Public Health said was “the first time we’ve seen an outbreak of this magnitude in the area.” Last summer similar stories were seen in Connecticut, where more than 70 people overdosed on synthetic marijuana. Just a month before this, there were some 300 synthetic cannabinoid overdoses in Washington, D.C. in a two-week period.
In short: you should never use synthetic CBD oil.
The Synthetic Cannabinoid Crisis
Experiencing adverse reactions to synthetic cannabinoids is nothing new. America is, if you will, in the midst of a synthetic cannabinoid crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has traced numerous outbreaks of synthetic cannabinoids poisoning across the country, in what has become a trend that continues to rise.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a statement in July warning about the “significant health risks of contaminated illegal synthetic cannabinoid products” linking their use to “severe illnesses and deaths” in several cases over the past few months in various states across the country.
One version of synthetic cannabinoids is designed to mimic the effects of cannabis. It won’t show up in a drug test, offering a viable alternative to individuals who want to get high, but for whatever reason can’t have any THC in their system.
The poison outbreaks in Utah last winter, however, were a bit different. The individuals who became ill didn’t purchase the synthetic cannabinoid commonly known as “K2” or “Spice.” They bought what they believed was CBD. And rather than experiencing the wellness benefits associated with the non-psychoactive cannabinoid, they ended up in the emergency room instead.
Understanding the Dangers of Synthetic Cannabinoids
Synthetic cannabinoids first became available in the U.S. in 2008 and their use has since surged across the country. But synthetic cannabinoids are not the same thing as the cannabinoids that come from the natural plant — and they can be very, very dangerous.
According to the CDC, most synthetic cannabinoids are illegal at the federal level. To skirt around this issue, manufacturers of synthetic cannabinoids alter the chemical composition, which brings about new and “presumably legal” compounds. Keeping track of the chemicals used in synthetic cannabinoids is difficult because manufacturers are constantly changing their chemical composition to stay “legal.” Because the chemical composition of many synthetic cannabinoids in unknown and constantly changing, synthetic cannabinoid products can contain substances that have the potential to cause radically different effects than the user was hoping for.
In the case of overdoses reported last spring in Illinois, the severe bleeding in over 50 people and two deaths was attributed to brodifacoum, a rat poison commonly sold in hardware stores that is a known anticoagulant and has been shown to cause brain damage. While this is the first known occurrence of rat poison found in synthetic cannabinoid products, how it got into these products remains a mystery.
There’s been little research on exactly what synthetic cannabinoids do to the body. What is known, though, is that they’re extremely dangerous. And unlike natural cannabinoids like THC and CBD, they’ve not only been shown to contain a myriad of negative side effects but are also known to be psychologically and physically addictive.
According to the CDC, some of the effects of synthetic cannabinoids include:
Neurological symptoms such as irritability, sleeplessness, dizziness, confusion, difficulty concentrating, incoordination, stroke and seizures
Psychiatric symptoms such as violent behavior, delusions, hallucinations, psychosis and suicidal thoughts
Physical symptoms such as hypertension, tachypnea, tachycardia, chest pain and heart attack, severe nausea and vomiting, kidney failure, rhabdomyolysis and death
For those who don’t have a severe reaction to synthetic cannabinoids the first time they use them and continue to use them for long periods of time, physical and psychological dependency has been known to develop. Those who frequently use synthetic cannabinoids report symptoms like extreme anxiety, headache, trouble sleeping, sweating, nausea and vomiting. And if someone stops using them abruptly, they can expect to experience some very real withdrawal symptoms including seizures, rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, heart palpitations and chest pain. The severity of withdrawal is determinate on how much a person used and how long they’ve been using.
Beware of Synthetic CBD: Synthetic Cannabinoids Aren’t Just Made to Mimic the Effects of THC
With the increasing popularity of CBD, there are more “synthetic” versions of the cannabinoid finding its way into products all the time. While the FDA did just approve a synthetic version of CBD known as Epidiolex, it’s vital to understand that this isn’t the same as the synthetic CBD sold on shelves at your local smoke shop.
Take the case of what went down in Utah last December. All the patients that experienced the poison outbreak had taken what they believed was cannabis oil that contained CBD, and many had purchased it at a local smoke shop. When lab tests of the products patients had used were performed, not one of the products contained CBD. Instead, they were a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and chemicals, including 4-cyano CUMYL-BUTINACA (4-CCB), which is actually a synthetic cannabinoid meant to imitate the effects of THC.
Eight out of the nine products tested that showed positive results for 4-CCB were branded under the name “Yolo CBD Oil.” Out of the 52 reported poisoning cases, 33 of the individuals had taken Yolo CBD.
Roberta Horth is an officer with the CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service and says, “Synthetic cannabinoids, such as 4-CCB, act on the same cannabinoid receptors as THC, but the effects of synthetic cannabinoids can be unpredictable and severe or even life-threatening. Based on reported side-effects of 4-CCB in case-patients, they appear to be more severe than THC. Fatalities following the use of 4-CCB have been reported in Europe.”
While there haven’t been any reports of synthetic CBD overdoses since then, this isn’t a trend that’s expected to end. It’s been going on for over a decade with other synthetic cannabinoid products, and with CBD there aren’t any regulations set in place. Basically, anyone can make synthetic CBD, slap a label on it and pass it off as the real thing.
A 2017 JAMA report showed that up to one-third of CBD products bought online might be labeled incorrectly. Horth says, “It is possible that other products could contain 4-CCB or other dangerous synthetic cannabinoids.”
Just Say No: Never Use Synthetic CBD
The dangers of synthetic cannabinoids are very real, and extremely serious. Buying synthetic CBD isn’t worth the risk. Take the 52 patients in Utah, 33 of whom were treated at the emergency room, for example.
There are countless imposters out there. The chemicals they’re mixing and passing off as CBD oil could cost you your life. If you’re interested in CBD, it’s vital to ensure the products you purchase are made from premium grade CBD — not a mixture of dangerous chemicals. Joy Organics can answer any questions you may have – contact us today.
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Cool Jazz album art
Articles Latest Music
23 May 2019 Articles Latest Music
By Nomali Cele
For many years, the joy of music was both in listening to it and holding the physical copy in your hands. Jazz is no different. From vinyl of the 1950s to cassettes and CDs later as things began to change; holding a jazz album in your hands gives you a chance to expand the story from beyond what comes out of the speakers.
Holding a Jazz album means having the chance to look at the art. It means knowing every last musician and vocalist that was in the sessions. Liner notes are just as much a part of the project as what you hear. Writing for All About Jazz in 2016, Jakob Baekgaard emphasised the importance of Jazz liner notes when it comes to placing the music.
“The inclusion of liner notes in albums is a crucial part of the ceremony of choice. Reading the notes puts you in the right frame of mind. It confirms your choice and prepares the experience of listening.” Wrote Baekgaard.
Also in 2016, we ourselves took a closer at the art of liner notes and the role they play in preserving the context of South African Jazz. From Mankunku to the Jazz Epistles, we took a closer looks at what was happening between the notes.
Here, we focus on physical Jazz records for their album art. Much like the stories told in the music and in the liner notes, Jazz album covers are a microcosm of their time and carry. What makes the art for these three albums cool is how introspective they or surprising they are.
Bitches Brew by Miles Davis
Still heralded by many as one of Davis’s defining work Bitches Brew was released in 1970. The artwork that came with it was ahead of its time and would fit right in, in a year like 2018 with the release of the likes of “Black Panther”. The artwork was by German artist Mati Klarwein, whether they were looking towards the future or a world beyond Jazz, we will never know.
Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollings by Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollings
This 1954 collaboration album between pianist Thelonious Monk and saxophonist Sonny Rollings came with interesting album art. The art for Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollings is cool because it was done by Monk himself.
Jazz Giant by Bud Powell
Bud Powell was the peers of Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk and was impactful in the development of bebop Jazz. With Jazz Giant, legend has it that the first session was in 1949 when Powell was freshly released from a psychiatric hospital, the second session would be recorded a year later. The artwork is melancholy, featuring a tall figure standing a distance away from a tiny piano in what could be a field or a large body of water. The artwork was done by the Jazz legend himself.
Nomali album, album art, jazzuary 2019, Rebirth of cool
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MMPC Employee of the Month - Staci Bordash
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Sheila Collins, Ph.D.
Official Affiliation: Medicine
Dr. Collins is Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine. She received her Ph.D. degree from The Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA, where she trained with Dr. Michael Marletta in biochemistry and drug metabolism. She conducted postdoctoral research at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, NC with Dr. Robert J. Lefkowitz, after which she joined the faculty of Duke University Medical Center in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and was awarded Tenure. From 2010-2018 she was a Professor in the Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Research Center at Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Institute. Dr. Collins’ research focuses on signal transduction and regulation of fat cell metabolism, including mechanisms to enhance brown fat cell energy expenditure. She has received continuous research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, and pharmaceutical companies. She has organized many National and International scientific meetings in the field of obesity and metabolic disease, served as a member of grant review panels for NIH and foundations.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) evolved as a means of generating heat from stored calories, an adaptation termed non-shivering thermogenesis (NST); it was particularly important to early humans before the advent of houses and clothing. Brown adipocytes are highly enriched in mitochondria and express uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), a unique protein that serves to ‘uncouple’ the mitochondrial proton gradient from ATP production. These cells are avid consumers of the glucose and fatty acids to support this activity, the net result being energy expenditure. Active brown fat is now appreciated to be present in humans throughout the lifespan. Moreover, its amount, as in rodents, significantly correlates with lower body fat and greater insulin sensitivity. Therefore an increase in humans of brown fat cells and their metabolic activity could target obesity and its comorbidities. β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and protein kinase A convey the signal from catecholamines to increase lipolysis in adipocytes and to promote the ‘browning’ of adipocytes within white fat depots. The cardiac natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP also increase lipolysis and adipose ‘browning’ through a parallel pathway via protein kinase G. An important component of adipose browning is the expansion of mitochondrial density and capacity to consume glucose and fatty acids. By understanding the components in the network of signals and their regulation we may identify new targets for clinical intervention in metabolic disease. This presentation will focus on novel mechanisms driving mitochondrial biogenesis and adipose browning and their contribution to whole body fuel homeostasis.
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Shania Twain Announces Let’s Go! Las Vegas Residency
Shania Twain is heading back to Las Vegas, Nev.! The country star has announced a new residency, Let's Go! The Vegas Residency, opening in December.
Let's Go! will open on Dec. 6, 2019. Dates for Twain's new Las Vegas residency, her second, are currently scheduled through June of 2020, though ET reports that the residency will run for two years; a full list of currently announced dates is below. The show will run at the Zappos Theater at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino, and all shows will begin at 8PM.
According to a press release, Twain is the creative director of the Let's Go! residency, which takes inspiration from her classic music videos and her 2018 tour. The residency's title is a play on the opening line of one of Twain's most famous songs, "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!"
"I get to settle down with a great production and have a party," Twain tells ET. "So I'm gonna theme the show after a party. It's time to party!"
Ticket's for Twain's Let's Go! residency will go on sale on June 21 at 10AM PT, though pre-sales will be made available starting on June 20. Ticket prices start at $60 plus taxes and fees, and $1 from each ticket will be donated to Twain's children-focused charity, Shania Kids Can. Visit Ticketmaster.com/ShaniaVegas for full details.
Previously, Twain spent two years, from December of 2012 until the end of 2014, performing a residency at Caesars Palace. Shania: Still the One preceded Twain's 2015 Rock This Country Tour and her 2018 Shania Now Tour.
"My Still the One show was a more romantic, more theatrical type show," Twain says, "and this show is gonna be very sexy fashions [and a] party vibe."
Shania Twain, Let's Go! The Vegas Residency Dates:
December 2019: 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 18
March 2020: 13, 14, 18, 20, 21, 25, 27, 28
May 2020: 20, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30
June 2020: 3, 5, 6
Shania Twain's Best Live Shots
How Well Do You REALLY Know Shania Twain?
NEXT: Top 10 Shania Twain Songs
Source: Shania Twain Announces Let’s Go! Las Vegas Residency
Filed Under: Shania Twain
Categories: Taste of Country Nights
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Townsquare Media Wichita Falls is a diversified media, entertainment and digital marketing services company that owns and operates radio, digital and live event properties in Wichita Falls. We specialize in creating and distributing original entertainment, music and lifestyle content. Follow Townsquare Media Wichita Falls on Facebook
Read The Redacted Mueller Report Here
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Read Lindsey Buckingham’s Emotional Email to Fleetwood Mac
Steve Ferdman / Kevin Winter, Getty Images
Lindsey Buckingham didn't leave Fleetwood Mac without a fight. In fact, more than seven months before he filed a lawsuit against his former bandmates over his firing, he tried in vain to settle their differences directly.
When his initial phone calls to bandmates regarding his dismissal went unanswered, Buckingham turned to email. Exhibit A? Literally, the suit offers into evidence an email dated Feb. 26 — about a month after his firing. He sent the iPhone correspondence to the band's cofounder, Mick Fleetwood, in a last-ditch effort to reconcile the issues that led to his dismissal.
In it, Buckingham calls the silent treatment he's received since his final performance with the band at the 2018 MusiCares Person of the Year benefit heartbreaking, and suggests they owe it to the "beautiful legacy we've built together" to settle their differences.
"In the month since MusiCares, I’ve tried to speak to both you and Stevie (Nicks), to no avail. I’ve only gotten radio silence this whole time. (I haven’t tried Chris (tine McVie) as I thought she might be feeling a bit fragile.) I even emailed John (McVie), who responded that he couldn’t have contact with me… All of this breaks my heart," Buckingham wrote to Fleetwood. "After forty-three years and (with) the finish line clearly in sight, it’s hard to escape the conclusion that for the five of us to splinter apart now would be doing the wrong thing. Wrong for the beautiful legacy we’ve built together. Wrong for our legions of loyal fans who would hate to see the final act be a breakup. Wrong for ourselves, and all that we’ve accomplished and shared together…"
Buckingham concludes that "If there is a way to work this through, I believe we must try. I love you all no matter what." However, it seems the email wasn't persuasive, and months later he filed the suit this month seeking to recoup the estimated $12 million he would have received on the band's current tour.
Fleetwood Mac claimed his dismissal was due to scheduling conflicts, with Buckingham wanting to release and tour behind a solo album before embarking on a tour with the band. Buckingham, however, refutes this claim, saying he acquiesced and it was Nicks' him-or-me ultimatum to the band over alleged behavior at his final performance that brought him down.
In the aftermath, Buckingham has launched that solo tour, and Heartbreaker Mike Campbell and Crowded House's Neil Finn have replaced the longtime singer, songwriter and guitarist on Fleetwood Mac's current tour.
Fleetwood Mac Ex-Members: Where Are They Now?
Next: Fleetwood Mac's 22 Most Historic Concerts
Source: Read Lindsey Buckingham’s Emotional Email to Fleetwood Mac
Filed Under: Fleetwood Mac, Lindsey Buckingham
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Circling the Dixie Drain
A new solution to the Boise River's phosphorous problem
by Harrison Berry and George Prentice
Harrison Berry Boise Public Works engineer John Tensen on the Dixie Drain innovation, a first-of-its-kind project in the U.S.: “On a pound-for-pound basis, there’s just no comparison.”
Near the confluence of the Snake and Boise rivers, the water runs dark brown, loaded with sediment and spiked with phosphorous. But after being sifted through a new treatment facility south of Notus, it courses almost clear past an observation deck where Idaho state and local leaders gathered Aug. 24 to christen the so-called Dixie Drain.
"What's happening here is on the leading edge of environmental science," said Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Director John Tippets.
The Dixie Drain is Treasure Valley cities' answer to EPA guidelines that limit the Boise River's phosphorous load.
The problem is severe. Untreated, the Boise River contains approximately 4,000 micrograms of phosphorus per liter—far higher than EPA limits, which say the river should contain no more than 70 micrograms of phosphorus per liter between the months of May and September.
Members of the press got their first look at how the Dixie Drain diverts the brackish water into the facility, deliberately slowing the stream's flow and allowing it to deposit silt and other solids into the drain's collection area. That's where polyaluminum chloride is added to the mix, turning phosphorous into a flotsam that can be removed from the surface of the water before the Boise River returns to its normal course. Every year, the process is expected to remove up to 10 tons of phosphorous and 8,000 tons of silt.
"It's not so hard to do something that makes things better," said Boise Mayor Dave Bieter.
The Dixie Drain is the first phosphorous offset project of its kind in the United States.
"The EPA gave us flexibility to come up with an alternative," said U.S. Rep. Mike Simpson. "That's what we expect the government to do."
"The flexibility has generated something I believe could be a national model," said U.S. Sen. Mike Crapo.
"This is a treasure for Idaho ... and projects like this will bring [the Boise River] back," said EPA Region 10 Administrator Dennis McLerran.
The facility is also poised to save money. EPA penalties for phosphorous-laden water are high and add up quickly. Boise Public Works Director Neal Oldemeyer stood before the Boise City Council and members of the Ada County Commission in 2011 and told them in order to stay ahead of the curve, long-range improvements to the West Boise Wastewater Treatment Facility and Lander Street Wastewater Plant would have to be made, with projected costs running to as much as $92 million and $36 million, respectively.
By contrast, the Dixie Drain's price tage was $21 million.
By building the drain on the Boise River between Notus and Parma, Boise can capture huge amounts of sediment and phosphorous that would otherwise be inaccessible to treatment facilities in the eastern end of the Treasure Valley.
According to Public Works engineer John Tensen, it removes 1.5 pounds of phosphorous from the river for every pound of phosphorous untreated at Boise's water treatment plants.
"On a pound-for-pound basis, there's just no comparison," he said.
Harrison Berry
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